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Columbus, Ohio: its history, resources,

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Columbus, Ohio

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History, Resources, and Progress.

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NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS.

JACOB H. STUDER,

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Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1S73, ' '

By Jacob H. Studer, In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. > ■■'•

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The original of tliis book is in tlie Cornell University Library.

There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text.

http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028849219

CA RD.

I desire to return to the Citizens of Columbus, the Press, the City Council, and the Board of Trade, my thanks for the encouragement and aid given me, in the publication of this work. Acknowledgment is also made for the free use of "William T. Martin's History of Franklin County, published in 1858.

Critics will no doubt find much in the book that can be im- proved, especially that class of them who never create, but de- vour— who believe only in themselves. I will only ask them to be charitable.

The production of a work of this character has been my desire for years. If it meets the approbation of the denizens or my native city, my object has been attained.

Very respectfully,

JACOB H. STUDER.

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Institute for Educating the Blind, . • • • • yrmsipiec .

Map of the City. ^^

Goodale Park,

German Central School Buildinj;, ..-••■

City Market House, .

Gwynne Block, ■ • • •

Parker Building ^^

City Park ^^

Hayden's Building, 9^

Sullivant School Building, 105

City Hall, 112

Gay Street Engine House, . 131

South High Street Engine House, 133

City Water Works, 137 '

Court House, 144

Hew Infirmary, 154

St. Joseph's Cathedral 161

Trinity Episcopal Church, 175

First Congregational Church 200 .

Starling Medical College and St. Francis Hospital, . . . 239

Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College, 260

Academy of St. Mary's of the Spring-, ..... 268

Otterbein University, 272

High School Building, 282

liOring School Building, 286

First State Buildings, 320

New State House, 331

New Asylum for Lunatics, 351

New Deaf and Dumb Institute, 35S

New Asylum for Idiotic and Imbecile Youth, .... 363

Masonic Hall 3g.2

Odd Fellows' Temple, 335

Opera House, , 33 .r

Piist National Bank, 5,5

Exchange National Bank 5_jj

Sessions' Block, . . , , „

CO]SrTE:N'TS.

CHAPTER I. — Six decades in the history of Columbus; a State capital wanted; appointment of commissioners to select site; Franklinton talked of; report of commissioners; proposals of Starling and others; act accepting proposals and establishing the State capital; Columbus platted; refugee lands; name of capital; direction and width of streets and alleys; first public sale of lots; primitiTe condition of town; John Brickell's cabin and garden spot; first water-mill and distillery; out-lots laid off; immigration, improvements, and sales of lots; mails carried on horseback; Zinn's mail-coaches; post-oflBce es- tablished; first newspaper, first marriage, first saw and fiouring mills, jeweler-shop, stores, tavern, school census; market-house, bridge, al- manac, the first physician, and the first two churches; street obstruc- tions removed; town incorporated ; first bank; first State-house built ; Public Square cleared of timber; first penitentiary built; removal of seat of government to Columbus; settlement with Starling and com- pany; the articles of association; their agents; the donations they

received; the town plat 13

CHAPTEK II. — Failure of McLaughlin and Johnston; depression of business; lots sacriticed at forced sales; Starling's title disputed; litigation; claim set up against Kerr and McLaughlin's grantees; legal proceedings; last days of the four original proprietors; basis for a medical college in Columbus; early manufacturing; fate of first saw and flouring mills ; patent saw-mill; cotton spinning; new pro- cess for dressing flax; woolen factory; steam saw-mill; origin of Eidgway's foundry ; United States court-house built; description; its occupation by the courts; removal of courts to Cincinnati; clerks and marshals; Franklinton the first county-seat; its prosperity and de- cline; county-seat removed to Columbus; judges of Common Pleas; building for county ofiices; removal of offices to court-house; hunting and fishing; call for a grand squirrel-hunt; the result; Ohio Canal begun; De Witt Clinton's welcome to Columbus; his prediction; celebration of commencing the Columbus side-cut; toasts; its com- pletion celebrated; arrival of canal-boats; their joyous welcome;

Columbus looking up 25

CHAPTEK III.— The cholera in 1833; number of victims; act for erection of a new State-bouse ; envy ; citizens accused of intermed- dling with legislative proceedings; new State-house act repealed; removal of State capital agitated; objections to Columbus'; subject referred to a committee; reports of the majority and minority; reso- lution for removal passed by the Senate, but lost in the House ; Sulli- vant's bridges across the Scioto; the franchise bought and a free bridge built ; Sandusky Turnpike Koad Company incorporated ; grant of lands ; survey and construction of the road ; dispute about the

vni CONTENTS.

moaning of the ch:irtcr; the ro:id a mud pike; toll-gates torn down; repeal of charter; State road established on the route; C'-'™?:',"^ seek to recover damages ; additions to Columbus ; growth of the '"'7' population '

CHAPTER IV.— Road-making era; the Portsmouth turnpike constructed in county sections; the Harrisburg turnpike; countj' donation; the Worthington plank-road; the first directors; the Sandusky turnpike and pUink-road; the Granville plank-road and turnpike; the Grove- port turnpike; the Lockwin plank-road; cost per mile; the plank used- the first ami second halloon ascensions from Columbus; execu- tion of Clark and of Esther, a colored woman ; their crimes ; arrest of "Jerry" as a fugitive slave; the claimant and "Jerry's" return to slavery; excitement in consequence; indictment for kidnapping; trial and result; decision of Supreme Court; legal proceedings insti- tuted in Kentucky; how Jerry obtaiiied his freedom ; cholera in 1849; board of health; "its report of victims; deaths of well-known citizens; return of cholera in 1850; terror of the citizens; number of fatal cases reported; names of citizens included in the list; cholera in 1853 and 1854; legislation at a stand-still in the sessions of 1848-49 and of 1849-50; statement of the dispute in each case; continued growth of Columbus; rapid increase of population; value of real and personal property 42

CHAPTER V. — Opening of the decade; roads and city improvements ; first Saangerfcst; flag presentation ; exercises in Stewart's Grove; fare- well concert and ball; meeting to invite Kossuth; committees ap- pointed; procession on Kossuth's arrival and speeches; reception the next day; Hungarian association ; Kossuth's visit and address to the legislature; meeting at the City Hall ; Henry Clay's obsequies; the pro- cessions and badges of mourning; meeting of citizens; defalcation in State treasury; resignation of the treasurer; indignation, meeting; death of Dr. Kane; remains to pass through Columbus ; committees ap- pointed ; State Feneibles; arrival of the remains ; deposited in the Sen- ate chamber; exercises there on Sundaj-; procession to depot on Mon- day; third balloon ascension by JI. Godard ; execution of Myers for murder in the penitentiary ; his stolidity ; war meeting; the resolutions adopted and speeches made ; arrival of troops ; Camp Jackson ; Colum- bus companies first in the service; appiropiriation for soldiers' families by the city council ; Columbus surgeons appointed to regiments ; Camp Chase established; Camp Thomas; retrospect of decade; slight in- crease of population ; decrease of marriages : western emigration fever; increase in value of real estate; citj' improved ; Broad street; benefit of the war to trade, manufactures, and the general business of the city 54

CHAPTER YL— Incidents of the war; report of Ladies' Soldiers' Aid Society; its work; exhibition at the High-school building; bazaars at Ambos Hall, at Naughton Hall, and at the Athcneuui; provisions brought in from the country for soldiers' families; entertainment at the Opera House; soldiers' homes; object of Tod Barracks; dimen- sions of the buildings ; John Morgan's escape from the penitentiary; hi.s cell and the cells of his six captains ; the air-chamber and its con- struction ; how it was entered ; tunneling under foundation; getting over the wall ; note to the warden ; thanksgiving proclamation"; ne\vs of Loo's surrender; great rejoicings and grand illumination; thanks- giving turns out a jubileo; procession and speeches; news of President

CONTENTS. IX

Lincoln's assassination ; tokens of sorrow ; meetings on Sunday ; city council's resolutions; citizen's meeting; action of I. O. 0. F.; arrival of the Presidents remains,; citizen pall-bearers; the procession, the hearse, and team; the fire department ; emblems of mourning; the rotunda; viewing the remains; funeral oration; Sasngerbund festival; meeting of citizens ; preparations; decorations at tichreiner's Hall and elsewhere; flags displayed ; reception concert; flag presentation ; the grand concert; the prize concert ; the picnic and ball; council meeting to invite General Grant ; his arrival ; the procession ; school children ; the general presented to the people ; banquet at the Neil House ; inter- esting documents discovered; railroad conductors in convention ; Humboldt's centennial anniversary; peace celebration; procession; "Peaceful Germania;" exercises at the City Park; Chicago relief meeting; generous subscriptions; ladies' relief meeting; total contri- butions 72

CHAPTER VII. — Columbus, its growth and prospects; location and brief description; the State-house; other buildings; carpings of the envious ; area increased sixfold in nine years ; population by wards since 1850; ratio of -increase since 1820; comparative increase of city and county; population doubled since 1860; probable future increase; increase ot new buildings ; a look ahead; Columbus a railroad, man- ufacturing, and trade center ; land cheap, and more dwellings in de- mand; the city healthy; its superior fire department; its immunity from heavy losses by fire; street railroads, churches, newspapers, and schools ; reasons why Columbus should be selected for business and for a residence; investing in real estate in and about the city ; city and county statistics ; population; agricultural produets ; livestock; real and personal property; marriages; probate matters; deeds and mort- gages ; new structures; turnpikes, county buildings, banks, and bank- ing; Pranklin compared, as to taxation, with other counties; com- paratively low price of lands in and around 'Columbus; prospects of increase; our facilities for obtaining iron and coal, and advantages for manufacturing; guaranty as to the future; growth of Cities.... 97 CHAPTER VIII.— The new City Hall ; general description ; the borough of Columbus; borough officers; city of Columbus; councilmen, mayors, recorders, clerks, treasurers, solicitors, surveyors, engineers, clerk of markets, street commissioners, division into wards, finances, value of

property ; fire department, alarm telegraph, water-works 112

CHAPTER IX.— 'Where the courts were first held; the Supreme Court; court in bank; the law library and librarian; clerk of the Supreme Court ; its official reporters and judges from Columbus ; court ol com- mon pleas and its president and associate judges; its judges under the present constitution ; the district court; the superior court and its abo- lition; the probate court and its judges; common pleas clerks; prose- cuting attorneys, sheriff's, coroners, county commissioners, county auditors, county treasurers, county recorders, county surveyors ; the title deeds to the court-house site ; general description ot the court-house and its occupancy; additional building on the south; the first jail; the the present jail ; the first county poor-house or infirmary; how it was managed and by whom ; an inmate over a century old ; why the loca- tion was changed; directors elected; superintendents and physicians; additional grounds purchased ; hospitals; alterations and additions to original building; infirmary statistics; a new site and a model in- firmary 143

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER X.— Diocese of Columbus; Catholic churches; Episcopal churches; Methodist Episcopal churches; Presbyterian churches: Con- gregational churches; Baptist churches; Lutheran churches; Inde- pendent German Protestant churches; the IJniversalist Society' ; United Brethren in Christ; the Central Christian church; Hebrew temple ; cemeteries: G-reen Lawn, Calvary, Hebrew; the North, old Catholic, and East grave-yards 161

CHAPTER XI. — Columbus Female Benevolent Society; Industrial schools; Hannah Neil ^Mission ; Woman's Home; Harec Charity Fund ; Hare Orphans' Home ; St. Francis Hospital ; House of the Good Shep- herd 227

CHAPTER XII.— The Press— Ohio State Journal, Ohio Statesman, Daily Dispatch, C(dumbus Gazette, Westhote, Sunday Morning News, Educa- tional Monthly, Odd Fellows' Companion, Lutherische Kirchen Zeit- ing, ^Mutes' Chronicle, Ohio Convention Reporter, Lutheran Standard, Algemeine Volkszeitung, Bulletin; the papers of the past; former

German papers ; miscellaneous papers 242

Agricultural College; Starling Medical College; C:ipital University; German Evangelical Lutheran Seminary; Academy of St. Mary's of the Springs; Sisters of Notre Dame; St. Aloysius Seminary; Otter- bein University; the public schools; Holy Cross Church and St. Pat- rick's Church Schools; business colleges 261

State library; public library; circulating library; Tyndal Associa- tion .". .~; ■; ". 28S

CHAPTER XIII. — Agricultural resources; coal; its production in dif- ferent countries ; what it has done for England; what it is capable of doing for Oliio; where the great coal-flekf of Ohio lies ; Columbus in its relation to the central coal-lield ; coal and iron may both be used to make it a great city; the great seam of the central ricid; its extent and thickness ; quality of the coal ; its use for household purposes, for steam, for the smelting of iron, and for gas-making ; advantages of Co- lumbus for enterprise and the investment of capital; iron; the use of iron the inde.x of civilization and progress; increase in its manufacture and consumption; probable increase of its manufacture in the United States; the share Ohio should take in its production; what advan- tages Columbus has for becoming an iron city; varieties of iron ore in the Ohio mining region; black b;ind, kidney ore, block ores, etc.; iron ore in the Second Geological district; localities where iron ore is found below the great coal-seam, and the analyses of samples; where it is found above that seam, and results of Tinalvses; comparison of the ores with those of the Cleveland district in England; coal, iron, and furnaces in the Hanging Rock iron district; furnace statistics; char- coal and bituminous coal for furnaces; increase of iron in price- the supply falling far short of the demand; Great Britain failing to meet the demand; prospect of success in iron manufacture and trade- Co- lumlius a most, eligible point for investment and enterprise in all branches of theiroii business .iqo

CHAPTER XlV.-Ereclioii of the tirst State-bou^e ;"i'u' dimei>'Jions'- hi- .ei-iptioiisiii v,-r>e; the linal d.-oin of the ohl Capitol ; dirge of the old bell; property saved and lost; where sueeeediiig legisbrtive session.s wei-e liel. ; 1 he Imi 111 n g lor Si.ite ..lliees; it<desorip,,on; rooms ap- liropnat.Ml to di lleren t olh.-es ; planting of elm trees; the iron fence - appi-opi-iHtn.ii lor a new one; grading and ornamenting the squ-ire- the Artesian well; the new Cpitol ; general view; its cost and the time'

CONTENTS. XI

it took to tuild it; its dimensions, etc. ; tirst building act; the com- missioners; beginning ot work; plans presented ; plans selected ; es- tmates of cost; work begun in earnest; corner-stone^ deposits in it; GoTernor Morrow's address; object in view; work suspended, and re- sumed; active operations; progress of the work under new commis- sioners, and a new architect ; interior work ; ventilation and warming ; banquet on the opening of the new Capitol; addresses; music and dancing; first legislative session in the new Capitol; completion of work; flag-room; rooms of Slate Board of Agriculture; Perry's victory; the rotunda floor ; the Lincoln memorial ; the statues ; asy- lum for lunatics; purchase of the first site; laying of the corner- stone; description of same; the asj'lum burned; rebuilding the asylum ; a new site ; sale of the first site ; building a new asylum ; de- scription of same ; institution for the blind ; superintendents ; trustees ; new building; description of same; statistics of the institution ; deaf and dumb institute ; description of same ; public opening ; asylum for idiotic and imbecile youth; purchase of a site; the buildings; be- quest; State arsenal ; United States arsenal ; United States post-ofiico; introduction of the pienitentiary system into Ohio; building of first penitentiary; description; inspectors and keepers; State'agcnt ; succes- sive keepers and clerks ; prison trades; a rush and escape; what become of the old pirison buildings ; litigation about the old penitentiary' tract ; laid off" into lots; appropriation to 51 cLaughlin's widow ; cholera in the prison in 1833 ; its fatality in 1849 ; the first nine days of the epidemic ; physicians called in; thepanic; prisoners let out of cells; noattemptto escape; culmination; deaths of Drs. Lathrop and Card ; subsidence; number of deaths ; the State quarrj', its purchase, situation, and gen- eral description ; act for a new penitentiary; the first directors and their first report; the site selected ; plan ol the new building; commence- ment of work; removal from the old to the new prison ; the new sys- tem ; cost of tbe new building; purchase of additional grounds; war- dens and clerks; present officers; receipts; present number of pris- oners; contracts for convict labor; prison library; religion in tho prison 321

CHAPTER XV.— The Masons, Masonic lodges; Knight Templars; Odd Fellows, lodges and encampments; Improved Order of Ked Men; Druids, Knights of Pythias, Knighthood, German Beneficial Societies; Catholic German Benevolent Societies; Columbus Typographical Union; Arbeiter Verein, Bne Berith; Knights of St. Crispin; Theo- dore Parker lodge; United American Mechanics; Butchers' Associa- tion; St. Joseph's Mutual Association ; Machinists and Blacksmiths' Union; Columbus Ministerial Association; Clerical Aid Society; Preacher's Relief Society; Gruitli Verein; Firemen's Association; Hackmen's Union 382

CHAPTER XVI.— The first theater; State Street Theater; Atheneum; Opera House; musical societies: Majnnerchor, Liederkranz, Har- monic, De Beriot Club, Eckhardt Club 433

CHAPTER XVII State Board of Agriculture; Horticultural Society;

Franklin County Agricultural Society; Trinity Guild; Young Men's Catholic Association; Young Men's Christian Association, and relig- ious societies in general; Franklin County Bar Association; Columbus Turnverein; association of 133d Regiment; German Target Club; Golden Light Lodsre; Babbling Brook Lodge; Eureka Degree Temple; Pure Fount Temple of Honor ; St. Patrick's Total Abstinence 445

XU CONTENTS.

CHAPTER XVIII.— Columbus railroads; Central Ohio; Columhus and Hocking Valley ; Columbus and Ferrara; the Scioto Valley ; Columbus and Toledo; Pittsburg, Cincinnati and St. Louis; Pittsburg and Steu- benville; Holiday's Cove; Columbus, Piqua and Indiana; Kichinond and Covington ; Little Miami, and the Columbus and Xenia; Cleve- land, Columbus, Cincinnati and Indianapolis, and Springfield Branch, "Bee Line;" Columbus, Springfield and Cincinnati; Cincinnati, San- dusky and Cleveland; Cleveland, Mt. Vernon and Columbus; Columbus and Maysville; Columbus, McArthur and Gallipolis; Columbus and Northwestern 475

CHAPTER XIX.— Columbus Board of Trade; Clinton Bank of Columbus ; State Bank of Ohio ; Franklin Bank; City Bank; Exchange Bank; the National Banks; private bankers ; building and loan associations; fire insurance business; street railroads; Columbus Gas-light and Coke Company 53

CHAPTER XX. — Manufacturing int crests ; Columbus asa manufacturing center; statistics of the manufacturing industry 563

CHAPTER XXI. — Trade; Columbus wholesale trade; statistics of the trade in the city for 1872 576

A most valuable new publication is now being- published by Jacob H. Studer, entitled The Birds of North America. It will contain over one hundred and sixty beautiful Lithographic Colored Engrav- ings of birds, with a scientific and popular description of the same.

From Ex-State School Commissioner, Hon. E. E. White. — "J have examined the first two numbers of the * Birds of North America,' published by Jacob H. Studer, and take pleasure in commending the work to the public.

E. E. White.'

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The price of the work will be only One Dollar per part, four beautiful Colored Lithographic Plates in each part, with eight pages of letter-press, printed on fine tinted paper.

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FIRST DECADE, 1812 TO 1822.

CHAPTER I.

It is now seventy j'ears since the State of Ohio was admitted into the Union, and sixty years since Columbus was selected for its capital. We projoose to trace briefly the history of the latter in six chapters, each embracing a period often years.

SELECTION OF THE STATE CAPITAL.

It was not of its own seeking that Columbus became the capi- tal of Ohio. That was its destiny from the beginning. At the time the law was enacted that made it the state capital, its site was covered by an almost unbroken forest, and not a human being was resident within its original limits.

Ohio wanted a capital at or very near the center of the State. Chillicothe was originally the seat of government. In order to make this seat more central and permanent, the legislature, in February, 1810, appointed five commissioners — James Findlay, W. Silliman, Joseph Darlington, Eeisin Beall, and William McParland — to examine and select the most eligible site. The commissioners were to meet at Franklinton, on the first of Sep- tember following.

Franklin countj^ was organized in 1803, with Franklinton for its cou:ijty seat. This town was situated in a bend of the Scioto river, south of the point of its confluence with the Olentangy or Whetstone, and about one mile west of the site of the present State-house, The town was laid out in 1797, by Lucas SuUivant, a young man from Kentucky, engaged in surveying lands and locating land warrants in the Virginia military district, west of

14 STUDEK's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

the Scioto. Its Bcttlemcnt began soon aitcrward, and it grew apace. From having been made the county-seat, and from other causes, it soon became, for that time and country, a place of con- siderable importance, and was talked of as the future capital of the State. But the plan upon which it was laid out, and espe- cially its low situation, were, by many, deemed objectionable.

The five commissioners met at Franlilinton as directed. They examined that and several other places proposed as sites for the state capital. In their report to the legislature, dated September 12, 1810, the commissioners recommended a site twelve miles above Franklinton, on the west bank of the Scioto river, where the town of Dublin, in Franklin countj', was afterward located. Here the subject rested until the next session of the legislature. At that session, in Februarj-, 1812, a company composed of Lyne Starling, John Kerr, ^Alexander McLaughlin, and James John- ston, proposed that, if the legi.slature would establish the seat of the state government on the high bank, east of the Scioto river, nearly opposite Franklinton, in township five, range twenty-two, of the refugee lands, and would, on or before the tirst Monday of December, 1817, begin to hold its sessions in a town to be laid off thereon by the companj', and continue to hold the same there until the year 18-40, the company would :

First. Lay out a town on the lands mentioned, on or before the first day of July, 1812, agreeably to a plan presented to the legislature.

Second. Convey to the State by general warranty deed, in fee simple, such square in the town, containing about ten acres, for public buildings, and such lot of ten acres for the penitentiary and dependencies, as a director or such person or persons as the legislature shouhl appoint, miglit select.

Third. Erect and complete a t;tate-house, otfices, and peniten- tiary, and such other buildings as should be directed bv the legislature to be built, of stone and brick, or of either — tlie work to bo done in a workmanlike manner, and of sueli size and dimensions as the legishiture siioukl require; the peiiitenliarv and dependencies to be ci.impleted (ui or before the tirst of ,lan- uary, 1815, and tlie state-house and oliices on or before the first Monday of December, 1817.

HISTORY, 1812 TO 1822. 15

When the buildings should be completed, the legislature and the companj' were, reciprocally, to appoint workmen to examine and value the "whole buildings, which valuation should be bind- ing ; if it should not amount to tifty thousand dollars, the com- pany were to make up the deficiency in such further buildings as should be directed bj' law; but if the valuation should exceed fifty thousand dollars, the legislature were, in sach way as it might deem just and eqxiitable, to remunerate the company for such excess.

Annexed to these projjosals was the penal bond of the com- pany," dated Februarj' 10, 1812, conditioned for the faithful per- formance of the agreements and obligations therein set forth.

An act was passed, February 14, 1812, accepting the proposals and bond of the company, and permanently establishing the seat of government of this State on the lands named therein, the legislature to " commence their sessions thereat on the first Monday of December, 1817, and there continue until the first day of May, 1840, and from thence until otherwise provided by law." The act provided for the appointment by the legislature of a director to superintend the surveying and laying off of the proposed town — to direct the width of its streets and alleys and select the square for the public buildings, and the lot for the penitentiary and dependencies. It was also provided that McLaughlin, Kerr, Starling, and Johnston should, before the first day of July, at their own expense, cause the proposed town to be laid out, and a plat of the same recorded, distinguishing thereon the square and the lot to be conveyed to the State.

COLUJIBUS LOCATED.

Under this act, Joel Wright, of Warren county, was appointed director or agent of the State ; and Joseph Vance, of Franklin county, was selected to assist him. Under their joint superin- tendence was i^latted a town destined to be the capital of Ohio, and the thriving metropolis of the central portion of the State.

The refugee lands, upon which our state capital was located, comprised a narrow tract four miles and a half wide, from north to south, and extending forty -eight miles eastwardly from the

16

STUDER S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

Scioto river. It took its name from the fact that it -n'as appro- priated by Congress for the benefit of persons from Canada and ]Srova Scotia, who, in our revolutionary war, espoused the cause of the revolted colonies. The lands in this tract were originally surveyed in 1799, under the authority of the general govern- ment, and divided, as other public lands, into sections of six hundred and forty acres each. But in 1801, they were divided into half-sections, and numbered as such. Patents were issued for half-sections, designating them hy these numbers.

On the recorded plat of the town, the streets and alleys crossed each other at right angles, bearing twelve degrees' west of north, and twelve degrees north of east. High street, run- ning north and south, was one hundred feet wide ; and Broad, an east and west street, was one huncii-ed and twenty feet in width. The other streets were eighty -two and a half feet wide, and the alleys generally thirty -three feet. The in-lots were sixtj'-two and a half feet front, and eighty -seven and a half feet deep. The out-lots, east of the town plat, each contained about three acres.

On the ISth of June, 1812, the same day on which the Ignited . States declared war against Great Britain, the first public sale of lots took place. It had been extensively advertised. The terms of sale were extremely liberal. Only one-fifth of the purchase-money was to be paid in hand ; the residue in four equal annual installments, without interest, unless default was made in prompt payment. The lots sold were principallv on High and Broad streets, and brought prices varying from two hundred to one thousand dollars each. Immediatelv after the sale, improvements began to be made rapidly. The first build- ings erected were snmll frame-houses and shops, inclosed with "split, chipboards, instead of sawn weather-boards which* were not easily obtainable.

TllK INFANT CAPITAL.

Thus wo see Columbus, in the summer of 1812, started on the career of development and future greatness. At the time of the public sale of lots, its pros]iects were by j\o means enticing. The streets and alleys marked on the plat had to be traceil

HISTORY, 1812 TO 1822. 17

tlirijugli a dense forest. Its site and immediate surroundings presented but few evidences of the former presence of civilized man. There was a small spot of cleared ground on Front, a little north of State street; and a small field and cabin on the river bank, at the western terminus of liich street. John Briekell lived in a cabin and cultivated a small garden in the old Indian encampment in front of the site of the present penitentiary, being part of the ten-acre lot convej'ed to him by Lyne Starling, long before the town of Columbus was located. The site of the first water-mill in Franklin county, erected by Eobert Balentine, was on a small stream, near the spot where Ilayden's rolling mill now stands ; and near the location of Hayden's (formerly Eidgway'sj foundrj-, was the site of a small distillery, built by one White, in which was distilled the first whisky ever made in this county. The mill and distillery were put in 02>eration about the beginning of the present century, but soon became of the things that were, but are not. South of the noted Indian mound, fi-om which Mound street took its name, was a small cleared field, on a tract of land which, in 181-1, was made by John McG-owan an addition to the original town plat, and designated as " South Columbus."

The proprietors, some time after they had laid off the new town and the eastern out-lots, caused to be recorded a separate plat of forty or fifty out-lots, north of the town, each contain- ing a little over two acres. From a part of two of these lots, they conveyed to the town an acre and a half for a graveyard.

For the first three or four years after the decree had gone forth that Columbus was to be the future capital of 'Ohio, immi- grants sought homes within its borders. Improvements and general business went forward with the increase of population. Frequent sales of lots were made by the proprietors — usually by title bond. A third, fourth, or fifth of the price was paid in hand, and promissory notes given for the paj-mont of the resi- due in annual installments — without interest, if punctually paid when due ; otherwise, bearing interest from date. The proprie- tors then executed a bond conditioned for the execution of a deed to the purchaser of the lot upon the punctual payment of the rates. It often happened that after a payment or two, and

18

STUDER S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

some imjirovemeiit Iiad been rnuiie, a default in subsequent pay- ments would cause the lot to revert to the proprietors. The prices of lots, for seven or eight j-ears after the public sale in June, 1812, ranged from two to five hundred dollars each.

The capital of Ohio had its birth and passed its early inflmcy on a rough, wild, and secluded portion of the now beautiful and productive valley of the Scioto. It had scarcely any road or mail facilities. The travel, east and west, left Columbus to the north, passing through Zanesville, Lancaster, and Chillicothe. The mails came in on cross lines, and were carried on horse- back. The first successful attempt to carry them in any other manner, was made in 1816, by Philip Zinn, under a contract to carrj' a mail once a week between Chillicothe and Columbus. About 1819, Mr. Zinn cai-ried the mail in coaches to and from Delaware. The Columbus post-utfice was established in 1813, with Matthew Matthews for the first postmaster, who, in the spring of the next year, was succeeded by Joel Buttles.

N'otwithstanding its small population and its comparative isolation from the outside world. Columbus could not do without that great modern necessity — the newspaper. There was one published weekly at Worthington. the first ever started in the county, and called the Western Intelliijeneer. It was removed to Columbus in lSl-4, and the title changed by adding to it the words "and Columbus Gazette." The first part of the title was afterward dropped ; and it was issued tor many years under the name of the Cohimhtis Gazette.

MANY FIRST TIIIXOS,

Having mentioned the first newspaper, we pmceeii to notice many other first things in and about Columbus. All enterprises of " great ])ith and monniit " have their small beginniny-s. and Ohio's capital had hers. Ami first, we rind it recorded that the first marriage in Columbus took phire in Vehniary, 1814. ai\d was that of Ceorge 1!. Harvey (.i M iss .lane Arnisti-oui;-. The second wedding, tiial of Joseiih Dillo to :^[iss Tolly Collett. s.Kni followed.

The first saw-mill was built on the Scioto, bv John Shields

HISTORY, 1812 TO 1822. 19

and Richard Courtney, in 1813, a short distance below the site of the present penitentiarj-. Three years afterward, Mr. Shields built a flouring mill on a run in the southwest portion of the town.

In 1815, or 1816, the first jeweler's shop in Columbus was opened bj- William Piatt.

The first stores oi^ened in Columbus were these : One belong- ing to the Worthington Manufiicturing Company, in charge of Joel Buttles, in a small brick building, on the west end of the lot afterward covered hy the Broadway Exchange building; and one owned by McLean & Green, kept in a cabin on the south side of Eich street, just east of the corner subsequently occupied by the Mechanics' Hall building.

The first tavern was opened, in the spring of 1813, by Volney Payne, in a two-storj- brick house erected by John Collett for that purpose, on the west side of High street, where the " John- ston Building" now .stands. Several other taverns and houses of entertainment were soon afterward opened.

The first school opened in Columbus was in a cabin on the Public Square. To this, in 1814-15, succeeded numerous private or subscription schools — the free-school sj^stem not having been then introduced.

The first census of the infant capital was taken by James Marshall, in the spring of 1815. It showed a population of seven hundred. In 1820, it had more than doubled, having increased to fourteen hundred and fifty.

About 1815, lawyei-s began to locate in the new town. The first of these were David Smith, Ori'is Parish, David Scott, and Gustavus Swan. These were soon followed by many others.

The first market-house was erected in 1814, in the middle of High street, near its intersection by Eich street. It was built by the contributions of citizens in the vicinity of its location. Three years afterward the town council declared it a nuisance ; and a new market-house was built on State street, immediately west of High.

The first bridge over the Scioto river was built by Lucas Sullivant about 1813, under a charter ti-om the legislature. It crossed the river at the west end of Broad street, on the road to

20 studer's COLUMBUS, ouro.

Franklinton, where now stands the present National Eoad bridge.

William Lusk, in 1817, published his first almanac in Colum- bus. It continued to be published annually fur about thirty- five years.

The first phj-sieian who located in Columbus was Dr. John M. Edmiston. In 1815 or 'IG, Dr. Samuel Parsons removed from Franklinton to Columbus, where he fixed his permanent resi- dence.

In 1814, the first two churches built in Columbus were erected. One was a small hewed log-house, used by the Metho- dists as a pilacc of worship. It stood on the same lot upon which was afterward erected the Town Street 3Iethodist Church. The other was a log-cabin built by the Presbyterians, near the corner of Spring and Third streets, and used as an occasional j^iaee of worship, until it was suj^erseded, in 1818, by a fi-ame building erected on the west side of Front street, south of Town.

For several years after Columbus had begun to grow, its streets were so obstructed by stumps, brush, and logs, that teams were obliged to move in zigzag directions, in order to get around these obstacles. These impediments were, however, gradually removed bj' the citizens, who used them for fire-wood and building materials. In 1815 or 1810, about two hundred dollars was raised by subscription and used for removiuti; the remainin" obstructions from High street. Soon after the incorjMiration of the town, the streets M'ere gratlually improved bv order of the council.

The (own was ineorjiorated on the loth day of February. 1810, as "The Eoi'ougli of Columluis." (^n the first Monday "of May fi.llowing, Robert W. .McCoy. John Cutter. Eobert Armstrono-, Henry Brown, Caleb Houston, Michael ration, Jeremiah Anu- stiong, Jarvis Pilvc, and John Kerr were elected members of the tii'st bi>urd of councihnen.

Tho Franklin Bank of Columbus was ineorpoi-atod February 23, 181(i, and on the first Monday of Septemlicr following-, it was oiganizcil by the election ol' directors, with I,ueas Sullivant lor pi'csiiU'ut, and A. J. Williams, cashier.

nisTORY, 1812 TO 1822. 21

THE FIRST STATE BUILDINGS.

In pursuance of their contract with the State, the proprietors of Columbus set to Tvork with characteristic energy, and in 1813 excavated the ground on the southwest corner of the Public Square for the foundation of a State-house. The building was erected the following year. It was a plain brick structure, sev- enty-five by fifty feet, and two stories high. A two-story brick building, one hundred and fifty feet in length, by twenty -five in width, and fi-onting on High street, was erected in 1815 for state offices, fifty or sixty feet north of the state-house. Both buildings were constructed under the superintendence of "William Ludlow, the agent for the State.

The Public Square, on which these buildings stood, was, in 1815 or 1816, cleared of the native timber and underbrush by Jarvis Pike, generallj^ known as Judge Pike, who inclosed the lot with a rough rail fence, and farmed the ground three or four years, raising upon it wheat, corn, etc. The fence having got out of order, and not being repaired, was at length destroyed, and the square lay in common for a dozen years or more.

Under the direction of William Ludlow, the state agent, the first penitentiary building was erected in 1813, on the ten-acre lot designated for that jrarpose. It was a brick structure, front- ing on Scioto street, three stories high, on a ground plat of sixty by thirty feet. The prison-yard was one hundred feet square. Another and larger prison was constructed in 1818 on the same lot.

The public buildings having been completed nearly two years before the expiration of the time limited by the contract, the legislature, on the 17th of February. 1816, passed an act estab- lishing the seat of the state government at Columbus, from and after the second Tuesday of October following. The state oflices were accordingly removed from Chillicothe to Columbus, and the session of the general assembly, beginning on the first Mon- day of December, 1816, was held in the state-house at the latter place. Columbus thus became, fifty-six years ago, the perma- nent seat of the state goverment of Ohio.

The proprietors of the town having, according to contract,

22 STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

convoyed by deed the two ten-aere lots to the State, and tinislied the public buildings, presented their account for the erection of the buildings. By an act passed January 29, 1817, the governor was authorized to adjust and settle the account. In the settle- ment that followed, after deducting from the charge for carpen- ter work six or seven per cent., and the fifty thousand dollars the proprietors had agreed to donate, there was found to be due them a l>alance of thirty-three thousand dollars. This was paid over to them by the State— and thus was amicably closed their large and responsible contract to locate a town for the state capital ; donate twenty acres in two separate lots of equal size ; and erect the necessarj' public buildings thereon, donating fifty thousand dollars to aid in their construction.

THE proprietors' ASSOCIATION.

Immediately after the acceptance of their proposals by the legis- lature, the proprietors — Lyne Starling, John Kerr. Alexander McLaughlin, and James Johnston — entered into articles of asso- ciation as partners, under the act accepting their proposals and establishing the seat of the state government. In these articles it was stipulated that a common stock should be created for the material benefit of the partners. To this stock Starling was to contribute half-section twenty -five, with the exception of ten acres previouslj' sold to John Brickell; Johnston's contribution was to be half-section nine and the halt of half-section ten ; and McLaughlin and Kerr, who had previously been partners and were considered as a third party to this agreement, were to con- tribute half-section twenty-six. The proceeds of the sales of lots were to remain as eontmon stock, until their contract with the State should be completed.

An agent was to be appointed to nmke rules and superintend the business of the association. Each of the three parties was to pay to tlie agent 62,400 annually, on the first ]\[ondav of January, for five successive years, and such further sum as might be needed to comjilete the public buildings. The title to the land eon(\'i)iutcd to the common stoclc was to be Marranted l>v the party contributing the same. Each p:u'ty was to derive a mu- tual benefit from all donations obtained by subscription or other-

11I8T0BY, 1812 TO 1822. 23

-svise. Upon the completion of their contract with the State, a tinal settlement "vvas to take jjlace, and the profits or losses equally divided.

John Kerr was appointed, in April, 1S13, the first agent of the associates, and continued until June, 1815, when he declined longer service, and Henry Brown was appointed in his jjlaco. The latter continued to serve as agent till the business of the association was closed in April, 1817. A distribution of the un- sold lands, and of the evidences of indebtedness for lots sold, as well as of other piroperty belonging to the association, was then made, and each party released the others from all obligations under the articles of association ; and the sevei-al parties ex- ecuted to each other quitclaim deeds — so that the lands origi- nally contributed to the common stock, and remaining unsold, be- came the separate property of the different members of the association.

The amount of donations, which the proprietors obtained to enable them to fulfill their contract with the State, has been va- riously stated at fifteen to twenty thousand dollars. Eev. James Iloge conveyed to them eighty acres on the south end of half- section eleven to enable them to make the plat of the town ot the size and form desired. Of the lots laid out on this grant, the proprietors retained one-half, and reconveyed the remainder to Dr. Uoge. Thomas Allen, for a like purpose, conveyed to tlie proprietors twenty acres in the southwest portion of half-section ten. As in the case of Dr. Hoge, the proprietors reconveyed to Mr. Allen his part of the lots, and retained the residue as a do- nation. The town plat, including out-lots and reserves, covered the whole of half-sections twenty-five and twenty -six, and parts of half-sections ten and eleven. The reserves were afterward laid off into in-lots and made additions to the original plat, as were also many of the out-lots as successive years rolled by, and the new capital expanded its limits.

24

STUDER's fOI>UMBUS, OHIO.

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CHAPTEE II.

SECOXD DECADE, 1822 to 1832.

DrEiNG the first eight or nine years of its existence, the infant cajntal of Ohio improved rapidlj-. Then came

A PERIOD OF DEPRESSION.

About 1820, owing to the failure of two of the original pro- prietors. McLaughlin and Johnston, and of many other owners of real estate in the town, numerous lots Avere offered at public sale by the United vStates marshal and the sheriff of Franklin county, iloney was scarce ; and the lots would not sell at the required two-thirds of their appraised value. In consequence of this, they were re-appraised and offered again. This process was repeated until lots which had, a few years before, been con- sidered worth two and three hundred dollars, were struck off at ten and twenty, and, in the less central parts of the town, at even seven and eight dollars. This depreciation of real estate served to depress business in general, and the evil was further aggravated by the springing up of

QUESTIONS OF TITLE.

It was in 1822 or 1823 that the title to Lyne Starling's half- section, on which Columbus was in part located, began to be disputed. The general government had originally granted that half-section to one Allen, a refugee from the British ISTorth American provinces in the time of the revolution. The grantee conveyed it to his son, by whom it was mortgaged. It was sold under the moi'tgage to Lyne Starling.

The heirs of Allen the elder disputed Starling's title. They took exception to the sale of the elder Allen to his son, and to the authentication of the son's mortgage. They especially ex- cepted to Starling's title under the mortgage sale, on the ground that there was no evidence that an apijraisement of the land had been made as required by the statutes of Ohio. Ejectment suits were brought, both in the Supreme Court of Ohio and in

26

STUDEK S COLUMBUti, OHIO.

the United (States Circuit L'uui't. a,i;';iiiist the rnvners of the best improved and most valual)lc lots in tlie disputed tract.

Mr. Starling, who had warranted the title to the purchasers of the lots, defended these suits. He engaged Henry Clay as his attoi-ney, who was then practicing in the United States court.s at Columhus. But Mr. Clay having been, in the spring of 1825, appointed Secretary of State under the administration of John Quincy Adams, could not attend to the cases. Mr. Star- ling next engaged Henry Ealdwin, then of Pittsburg, by whom the defense was conducted with signal ability. Some time in 182G a tinal decision was made in favor of the validity of Star- ling's title.

Scarcely had the dispute as to the title to Starling's half-section been Cjuieted, when a claim was set wp to Kerr and McLaugh- lin's half-section. They had purchased from one Strowbridge. The claim was founded on an alleged defect in Strowbridge's deed, which was executed, not by the grantor in j^erson, but by an agent or attorney in fact, Avho stated in the conveyance that he signed and sealed it for Strowbridge, instead of saj'ing that Strow]n-i<lge liad executed it bt/ him, the agent. It was con- tended that the deed was not Strowbridge's. but that of the agent, who claimed no title. Some one having obtained a quit- claim deed from Strowbridge's heirs, brought suits in ejectment against the occupants of the most valuable lots in the Kerr and McLaughlin tract. But this proceeding was clieckmated by a suit in chancery to quiet the title, entered in 1S27. The title of Kerr and McLaughlin was held to be valid. — and thus ended all disjiutes as to llie titles of the original proprietors and founders of Columbus.

THE FOUR ruoriuF.TORS.

Having thus seen how claims set up against proprietary titles of lands in Columbus came to naught, it is in place here to note briefly (he final outcome of the business and lives of the four (irigiiial jH'oprietors of a little town struggling intolileout of the (h'pths of a dense Ibrest, lu.w a thriving city, and the prosperous ea]iilal ol' a great state.

.Jcihii Kerr letl a young family aud a large fortune at his death in ]S2:i; hut the estate was soon dissipated after his deeea.se.

HISTORY, 1822 TO 1832. 27

Alexander McLant;hliii. who liad taken rank as one of the wealthiest men in the State, failed in business in 1820, and never afterward retrieved his fallen fortune. He supported himself in later life bj* teaehing a eomnion eountrj school. Though a man of good sense, with a fine business education and qualifications, he had entered so deeply into s]ieculation that the depreciation of real estate, occurring about 1820, rendered him totally unable to meet the obligations he had incurred, and his large landed estate was sacrificed under the hammer. lie died in 1832.

James Johnston failed in business about the same time and from the same cause as did McLaughlin. He left Columbus in 1820, and resided in Pittsburg the residue of his life. He died in the summer of 1842, at a very advanced age.

Lyne Starling survived the other three proprietors by several years, and was the wealthiest of them all. Having in 1819 and 1820 made a pleasure tour through Europe, he spent the remain- der of his days chiefly in Columbus. He was never married. He died in the fall of 1848. at the age of sixty -five. About six years before his decease he donated thirty-five thousand dollars for the founding of a medical college in Columbus. Upon this basis an institution has beeai founded, which bears the name of Starling Medical College, in honor of its principal donor.

EARLY MANUFACTrKES.

Though Columbus is now rapidly becoming a prosperous manufocturing center, its early efl:'orts in that direction, either from want of the requisite capital or skill, or of both, were not verj' encouraging. But persistence has never been wanting in those of oui- citizens whose thoughts have been turned toward making manufacturing industry profitable. ISTow we are begin- ning to see in fair jjrospect the realization of their most sanguine hopes.

'We have mentioned in Chapter I the erection of the first mill (a saw-mill) in Columbus, by Juhn Shields and Eichanl Cutirt- ney, in 1813, and the erection, three years alterward, of a flour- ing mill, by Mi-. Shields. The first mill was regarded as good property-, but after passing through several hands in a few years, it was sutt'ered to go to decay and ruin. To the flouring

28 STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

mill the water was brought from the east side of High street, in a race along the bank, fiilling upon an overshot wheel. This mill was in operation a dozen years or more, and was owned by a succession of individuals. It then went to destruction, and left " not a wreck behind." Along the hollow or valley of the run, in the south-west part of the town, there arose in succession, during the early period of our city's history, breweries.

In 1819, Moses Jewett, Caleb Hinston, and John E. Parker built on the bank of the Scioto, just above the western terminus of Eich street, a patent saw-mill. The saw was circular, and was to cut steadih- ahead, with no back strokes. The experi- ment was a costly one, and the experience dearlj- bought, with no valuable results.

Two years afterward, Colonel Jewett and Judge Hines under- took t(j manufixcture cotton yarn by horse-power, in a frame building on Front street, between Bich and Friend streets. After some time spent in experimenting with that, and with the circular saw in the mill, the spinning machinery was removed into the mill, where the manufacture of yarn by water-power was continued fur some years. The enterprise was finally aban- doned ; and the frame on Front street, long known as the ■• Old Factory," where the cotton spinning was first begun, vanished, many years ago, from sight, and almost from memory.

About the time the cotton-spinning was in operation. Judge Hines, who had invented a machine for dressing flax without the process of retting, constructed and put in 02)eration, in con- nection with William Bain, a machine for that purpose, at the southeast corner of High street and South Public Lane. It had a tread-Mdieel propelled by horse-jiower. Having, after some tin^e passed into the hands of Lafayette Tibbetts, it was continued in operation for a year or more after its construction, or till some time in 1S24, when Tibbetts failed, and the enter- ])rise was abandoniMl.

In lS:i:2, a woolen favlm-y. for carding. s]iinning, and weaving^ was creeled by Hbenc/.er Thomas and others, on a lot now on tlie eorner of High and ^'oble streets. It was ojierated bv liorse-power on a tread-wheel, ll was not profitable, having been experimented ujion by several dift'erent owners. The

HISTORY, 1822 TO 1832. 29

building and iiiaeliiueiy \\'ero removed in 1834, by George Jef- fries, and reeonstrueted on the west abutment of the canal dam. Here the factorj- was operated for two or three years by water power. The maehinery was then sold by piecemeal under the hammer, — and so ended this manufacturing establishment.

John McElvain, in 1S31 or 1832, built a steam saw-mill at the head of the canal, where Hunter's warehouse afterward stood. Different ]3ersons had it under control for seven or eiglit years. It was probably not very profitable, as at the end of that time, the engine and maehinerj- were sold, and a warehouse erected on the sanre site, the mill frame being used for part of the ware- house. The latter was consumed by fire in 1843, but was after- ward rebuilt.

The first successful manufacturing establishment, besides or- dinarj' mechanic shops, was the foundry and plow manufactory of Joseph Eidgewaj-, put in operation in 1822.

UNITED STATES COURT-HOUSE.

A United States court-house was erected in Columbus, in 1820. It was built on the Public Sc[uare, in a line with the first state house and state offices, and fifty or sixty feet north of the latter. It was a plain brick building, with a rough stone foundation, and two stories high. It was forty-five or fifty feet square ; the roof rose from the four sides to a circular dome in the center. In front, there was a large entrance hall, and from this a broad winding stairway to the second story, whence was afforded a fine view of High street, There was a hall through the center of the lower floor, with two rooms on each side, to serve as offices for the clerk and marshal of the United States courts, and for jury -rooms. In the second story was the court-room and a jury- room.

The building was erected in part through an ai^jiropriation by the legislature of uncurrent funds of the Miami Exporting Com- pany, then in the state treasury ; but the greater portion of the cost was borne by the citizens of Columbus, who raised the monej' by subscri];ition, in order to have the Laiited States courts removed firom Chillicothe to the state capital. In sjute of great and determined ojjposition, they finally succeeded, and the United

30 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

States conrts were reiaovcd to Columbus, in 1821, and continued to be held here until 1855, when the state having been divided into two districts, the courts were removed to Cincinnati. Soon after this removal, the court-house was taken down.

The following is a list of the clerks and marshals of the United States courts wliile they were held in Columbus :

At the time of their removal from Chillicothe, Harvey D. Evans was clerk, and Dr. John Hamm, of Zanesville, was mar- shal. Evans dying in July, 1825, William K. Bond, then of Chillicothe, succeeded to the clerkship. In 1829 or 1830, Bond was succeeded bj- William Miner, who filled the office at the time of the removal of the courts from Columbus, and for some years afterward. After Dr. Hamm, the following were marshals in succession : William Doherty; General John Patterson, of Jef- ferson county ; John Patterson, of Adams ; Demas Adams ; John McElwin; D. B. Eobertson. of Fairfield county; G. W. Jones, of Knox county ; and H. H. Eobinson, of Cincinnati.

HEJIOVAL OF COUNTY-SEAT.

As Columbus grew, Franklinton, the first county-seat of Franklin county, went into a decline. I)uring the second war with Great Britain, from 1812 to 1815, Franklinton, being the headquarters of the northwestern army, was at the zenith of its prosperity. After the conclusion of peace, it gradually ceased to be a place of much business or intportance, but still remained the county-scat.

In 1824, Columbus became the county -seat, and the county courts were held in the JTnited States court-house, until 18-46. when the present county court-house was finished.

The court of common pleas, at the time of its removal to Columbus, was eompdsed oi' Gustavus Swan, president judge, and Edward Livingslon. Samuel G. Fkmniken and Arora But- tU-s, associate judge ; A. J. ^McDowell, clerk, and Pobort Broth- erton, shcritr.

hi 1828 or 182!l. a long one-story brick building was erected in the rear of the United States court-house, for countv otfiees. It was divided into lour apartments, with an outside entrance-

HISTORY, 1822 TO 18S2. 31

door to each. The clerk of the courts oeenpied the north room; the county recorder, the next room on the south ; the county treasurer, the next room beyond ; and the countj- auditor, the fourth or south room. The countj' offices Tvere kept in these rooms from the time the building was ready for their occupation, until the summer of 1840, when they were removed to the pres- ent court-house, at the corner of Mound and High streets.

The county building, on the state-house square, was removed in the spring of 1857, when the square was graded.

GRAND SQUIEEEL HUNT.

As in all new settlements, so in this, in the center of Ohio, hunting and fishing were favorite amusements. Fish and game being abundant, there was both pleasure and profit in the pur- suit. The seine was sometimes used in fishing, but oftener a brush-drag, rec[uiring a dozen or twenty men to manage it. There was a twofold object in hunting — one to obtain fresh game for the table, and the other to protect the crops from the rav- ages of birds and other wild animals. It was this latter ob- ject, doubtless, that led to the celebrated squirrel hunt on the last day of August, 1822, for which a call was published in the Columbus Gazette, of August 29th. The call was signed by the following prominent pioneers ; Ealph Osborne, Gustavus Swan, Christian Heyl, Lucas Sullivant, Samuel Flenniken, and John A. McDowell. It nominated and invested two persons in each of the seventeen townships, into which the county was then di- vided, '' to meet in a hunting caucus," at the house of Christian Heyl, in Columbus, at 2 o'clock p. m., on Saturday, August 31st.

The squirrel hunt, contemplated in the call, we are informed, in a subsequent number of the Gazette, took place at the time appointed.

After the hunt was over, nineteeen thousand six hundred and sixty sc[uirrel scalps were produced. The Gazette added, that it was impossible to state the number actually killed, as a great manv hunters had not come in.

studer's COLUMBUS, onio.

CANAL CELEBRATIOXS.

On the 4:th of July, 1825, the commencement of the Ohio Canal was celebrated at Licking Summit. Governor DeWitt Clinton, of ^ew York, was present, accompanied bj^ Solomon Yau Eens- salaer, and Messrs, Eathbone and Lord, who made the first loan to Ohio for canal puqjoses.

Governor Clinton, on the Y'ednesday following, M'as escorted to Ciilumbus, bj- General AVarner and suite. Colonel P. H. Olm- sted's squadron of cavalry, Cajitain Hurzel's light infantrv, Captain Andrew jMcElvaiu's rifle corps, and Captain O'Harra's artillerj^.

In the state-house, in the jiresence of a large number of citi- zens, Croveruor Clinton was welcomed by Governor Morrow to Ohio's fertile and productive lands, and to its young and grow- ing capital. Governor Clinton, in his resjionse, eulogized our state and its canal enterprise, closing with this remarkable but over-sanguine prediction ;

" In five years," said Governor Clinton, ■■ it (^the canal) may, and probabh- will be completed, and I am clearly of the opin- ion that, in ten years after the consummation of this work, it will produce an annual revenue of at least half a million, of dol- lars; and I hope this remark may be noted, if anything I may say shall bo deemed worthy of particular notice, in order that its accuracy may be tested by experienee."

Governor Clinton, after the ceremonies at the state-house, was escorted to Mr. Eobinson's tavern, sign of the Golden Bell, on the west side of High street, between State and Town streets, where a sumptuous tlinner Avas provided.

The eitizens ot Cohnnbus and Franklin county had another annual eelebralioii, wiiidi came eloser home to their feelings aiul interests. It look phue on the I'Tth of April. ]Si:7, when the first S])ade was sli-uek into the ground for the exe;ivation of a lateral hraneh ol' the t)liio t'anal to and li'om the state eai.ital. On tliat day nearly a thousand jieople asscmblctl at the state- house. At two oeloek in the atternoon. a ]irotession. juveeded by Ceneral Warner and liis suite. ]iart of Cajitain Joseph 31vKl- vain's eom]iany of dragoons, Ca]ilain Foos' eomjiany of rifle-

HISTORY, 1822 TO 1832. 33

men. Captain A. MeElvain's company of riflemen, the Columbus Artillery, and state officers, and marshaled by Colonels McDowell and McElvain, marched to a place designated, near the jH'esent entrance of the lateral branch into the Scioto river. A brief but pertinent address was delivered by Joseph E. Swan. General McLane, Secretary of State, and Nathaniel McLean, keeper of the penitentiary, then removed the first earth taken up for the opening of the branch canal, which was wheeled away hx R. Osborn and H.Brown, Auditor and Treasurer of State, amid the cheers and shouts of the enthusiastic assemblage.

The company then withdrew and partook of a cold collation prepared by C. Heyl, on the brow of the hill, a short distance from the old penitentiary grounds. Among the toasts were the following;

■■The Ohio Canal — The great artery which will carry vital- ity to the exti-emities of the Union."

■The Citizens of Columbus — Behold how good and how ])leasant it is for brethren to dwell together in unity. Who en- vies this day, let him slink back to his cavern and growl."

It took over four years to complete the branch canal. It was on the 23d of September, 1831, that the first boat arrived at Co- lumbus by way of the canal. At eight o'clock in the evening of that dav, the firing of cannon announced the arrival of the '■ Gov- ernor Brown," launched at Circleville a few days previous. It was neatly fitted np, and had on board as passengers many prominent citizens of Pickaway county. Early next morning, Columbus ladies and gentlemen repaired to the boat to pay their respects to the visitors. A brief and appropriate address was made by General Flournoj'. After the exchange of friendly salutations and cordial greetings, the excursionists proceeded on their return to Circleville, accompanied part of the way by citi- zens of Columbus and the Columbus band of music.

On the afternoon of the second day after this event, two canal- boats, the "Cincinnati " and the "Red Rover." from the lake by way of Xewark, entered the lock at the mouth of the (Ailuniluis feeiler. Here they were boarded by a ruuimittee from Colum- bus, and proceeded up the branch canal, under a national salute

34 STUDER S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

oftwentv-four guns,and music bj' the Columbus band, to a point just below the Columbus and Franklinton National Eoad bridge. Colonel Dohei'ty, in a veiy neat address, welcomed the com- manders of the two boats in the name of the citizens of Colum- bus. A j)rocession was formed, and j^roceeding to Eidgway's large warehouse, the company partook of a fine repast lirejiared by John Young. On the day after their arrival, the two boats, having disposed of their freight, took their departure for Cleve- land, in the same order and witli about the same ceremonies a.9 were observed on their arrival. A large number of ladies and gentlemen, with the Columbus band, accompanied their welcome and now de^jarting visitors as far as the five-mile lock. Here they boarded the •• Chillicothe " and '■ George Baker." going up to ('(ihunbus, and ■■ returned home, highly delighted with their ride at the rate of three or four miles an hour !"

LOOKING UP.

From 1820 to 1825 was a period of great depression fur the young cajiital of Ohio. The prices of real estate had greatly depreciated and business (.if all kinds was almost at a stand-still. But after that crisis was jiassed. business revived, immigrants sought permanent homes in the new capital ; new buildings, some of tliem large and expensive, were erected; trade bei;-an to fl(jurish, and real estate was rising in value at railroad speed. The census of 1830 recorded for Columbus a pojnilation of 2.437 being an increase in ten years of 987, or at the rate of seventv- five per centum. At the I'lose of the second decade in our citv's liistorj', its ai-ea had been extended by several larije adtlitions to (lie original town jilat, and its future growth and ]iro,speritv had lieeome well assured

iHSTOiiY, 1822 TO jSr-i.

B5

i!0 STDDER S COLUJIBUS, OHIO.

CHAPTEE III.

THIRD DECADE, 1832 to 1842. THE ASIATIC CHOLERA.

It was in the summer of 1833 that this terrible scourge 7nade its first appearance in Columbus. It broke out in the e^arly part of that summer on the canal, in Madison township, but its rav- ages were confined to a small space. On the 14th of July it ap- jieared in Columbus, and continued to rage until the following ()etol)er. Its first victim was a man by the name of Stagg, residing at the west end of Eich street, opi^osite the buildings known as the '• Jewett block." Probably the whole population of Columbus did not at that time much exceed three thousand. Of these it was estimated that one-third had fled to the country. Yet during the prevalence of the fatal epidemic, two hundred persons died in the citj'. There were also fevers and other dis- eases prevailing at the same time, and so interwoven with each other and with tlie cholera, that it was often diflleult. if not im- ]iossibk\ to determine with certainty the disease chiefly instru- mental in causing the death of tlie j^atient. Careful observations made at the time attributed two-thirds of the deaths to cholera, though the board of health discriminated only one hundred as being due to cholera proper. The sickness of this season jiro- (luced greater mortality and terror in Columbus than any pesti- lence before or since.

OIU'SAPF AO-VINST COT.VMBrS.

On the I'Cth of January, 1S3S. the legislature passed an act for tlie erection of a new state-house in the Public Square at Co- liiinlms. The coriu>r-stone of the new building was laid on the lib of July, 1830, and during tliat season tl\e foundation of the nrw building was Iniil lo a level willi the surfaee of the i^-round. The next winter I lie |irot;Toss ,i|' ihr work was arrested bv one of those singidar I'reaks (hat large and select bodies of men sonu'linu's (.-111.

HISTORY, 1832 TO 1842. 37

There had been for some time more or less ill-feeling, on the part of other towns in the central portion of the State, toward Columbus as the capital. She was accused of putting on metro- politan airs. An incident occurred in the legislative session of 1839-40 that served to kindle this comparativelj' latent spark of envy into a flame. There was an investigation by the legisla- ture of certain charges against William B. Lloyd, a member from Cuj-ahoga county. After the investigation, a paper signed by sixty-three citizens of Columbus, principally young men, ex- pressing undiminished confidence in Mr. Lloyd's integrity, ap- peared in the Columbus State Journal of February 17, with the signers' names attached. Many members of the legislature who had voted to censure Lloyd took umbrage at this publication. They denounced it as an unwarrantable intermeddling of the citizens of Columbus with the proceedings of the general as- sembly. While the excitement was still effervescing, George B. Flood, representative from Licking county, on the day follow- ing the obnoxious publication, introduced into the House a bill repealing the act for the erection of a new state-house. It finally passed both branches of the legislature, and became a law on the 10th of March. By this action, the work on the new state-house was suspended for more than six years.

After the passage of the repealing act, the subj ect of removing the seat of the state government from Columbus was more earnestly agitated than before. Every conceivable objection was urged against the permanent location of the capital on the banks of the Scioto. The site was said to be the most unhealthy one that could have been selected in the whole State. Besides, it was urged by some that the capital should be nearer the center than Columbus was. For about three years the question of removal was discussed, when, at the session of the legislature in 1842-43, the subject was referred to a committee, who made elaborate majority and mi- nority reports. The majority took the ground that the general assembly could not pass an act for the removal of the seat of government from the location established by a former act, with- out a violation of the faith of the State. The two reports were principally confined to the discussion of this proposition.

The minority report recommended the adoption of joint resolu-

38 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

tions, requesting the governor to issue his jJroclamation, setting forth that the time had arrived for the permanent establishment of the seat of government, and inviting proposals for its location. These resolutions were adojited by the Senate, on the 6th of March, 1843, by a vote of eighteen to sixteen, but vrere, the next day, defeated in the House, by a vote of thirty-six to twenty-nine. This seems to have put a final quietus to the agi- tation about removing the state capital from Columbus.

riEST BRIDGE OVER THE SCIOTO.

Lucas Sullivant, under a charter fi-om the legislature for that purpose, in 1815 or 1816, built a toll-bridge across the Scioto river, on the road from Columbus to Franklinton. The location was sim- ilar to that of the present bridge, save that starting at nearly the same point on the east side of the river, it stretched more directly • across it, and reached the west side several rods lower down the river. A new road was opened to Franklinton, and passed through the town a square further south than the road had pre- viously done, or the present road now does. This caused some dissatisfaction to property owners. After the lapse of seven or eight j-ears, the timbers having decayed, the bridge fell. It was immediately reconstructed, and the location of the new bridge was the same as that of the present National Eoad bridge. The old road to and through Franklinton was also restored."

The franchise of this toll-bridge fell to the share of Joseph Sullivant, in the distribution of the estate of his father, Lucas Sullivant. The superintendent of the National Eoad, during the progress of its construction to and through Columbus, in^ the years 1832 and 1833, iiroposed to erect a substantial, free'bridge, over the Scioto, at the expense of the general government, for the use of the National Eoad, provided that the franchise or right of Joseph Sullivant to keep up a tull-bridge across the river should be relinquislied. Citizens of Columbus, chietly re- siding in the northern part of the city, went to work energeti- cally, and, by the aid of a fcAv donations from the west side of tbe river, raised, by contributions, eight thousand dollars This was increased, by an appropriation from the county treas nry, to ten thousand dollars. This sum was paitl to Mr SuUi-

HISTORY, 1832 TO 1842. 39

vant for his franchise. The present hridge was then built as part of the National Eoad.

THE SANDUSKY TURNPIKE.

The first joint stock company road ever constructed in Frank- lin county -was the Columbus and Sandusky turnpike. The legislature, January 31, 1823, passed an act, incorporating John Kilbourne, Abram J. McDowell, Henry Brown, William Neil, Orange Johnson, Orris Parish, and Robert Brotherton, of Frank- lin county, and nineteen others, and their associates, as the Columbus and Sandusky Turnpike Company. The capital was one hundred thousand dollars, with power to increase it to two hundred thousand, divided into shares of one hundred dollars each. The company was to have a board of nine directors. The corporators accepted the charter.

By act of Congress, passed March 3, 1827, 31,8-10 acres of the public lands were granted to the State of Ohio, in trust for the use of the company, to aid in the construction of the road. The road was forthwith surveyed and located. Colonel Kilbouime was the surveyor, and Orange Johnson was one of the leading commissioners, and the principal agent of the company through the whole of its active existence. Over seven years were spent in the construction of the road. It was finished in the fall of 1834. It was one hundred and six miles in length, extending from Columbus to Sandusky. It cost §74,376, or an average of over 1701 per mile.

The company's charter recj^uired at least eighteen feet in width to be made " an artificial road, composed of stone, gravel, wood, or other suitable material, well compacted together, in such manner as to secure a firm, substantial, and even road, rising in the middle with a gradual arch." The proper construction of this provision gave rise to an interminable controversy. The company concluded that a properly formed clay road met the requirements of the charter, while the public, in general, ex- pected a stone or gravel road. The governor, in pursuance of the charter, appointed Nathan Merriman to examine the road, who reported that he had made the examination, and, in his opinion, it was completed agreeably to the provisions of the act

40 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

incoqjorating the company. Toll-gates were upon this erected, and tolls exacted. A good road upon that route was a great need of the time ; but the one made was only a clay or mud pike. In the spring, and in wet seasons, it was, in many places, quite impassable. To be obliged, at such times, to pay toll, on such a road, was felt to be a grievance too hard to be patiently borne. The toll-gates were occasionally torn down, but were immediately re-erected by the agent of the company.

At length the subject came before the legislature. On the 28th of February, 18-13, the act incorporating the company was un- conditionally repealed, with a provision making it unlawful for the company thereafter to erect or keep up anj- gate, or collect any tolls on the road. By commissioners appointed for the pur- pose, a state road was surveyed and located on the bed of the clay turnpike, from Columbus to Sandusky. An act was passed, March 12, 1845, establishing such state road a public highway. Until the passage of this act, notwithstanding the repeal of the charter, toll-gates had been kept up and toll exacted. But im- mediately on the passage of the act declaring the road a free public highway, the gates were tore down by the people along the road, and were never afterward reinstated. There was only one gate on the road within the limits of Franklin county, and that was about two miles north of Columbus.

The company insisted that those acts of the legislature were unconstitutional, and that their road had been made according to the provisions of the charter. They relied most strenuously upon the formal acceptance of the road by the state agent. Ap- plication was made to successive legislatures for relief At the session of 184:3-44, Dr. Samuel Parsons was chairman of a com- mittee that reported in favor of the State paying the stockhold- ers, severally, the amount of their stock in state bonds, and of declaring the road one of the public works of the State, and placing it under the control of the board of public works, upon the conveyance to the State bj-the eontpany of all its rights, in- terests, and privileges in the road.

Hy a resokition of the legislature, in 1847, the subject was re- ferred to Henry Stanbery, the attorne}--general of the State. He did not give a direct opinion upon the constitutionalitv of the

HISTORY, 1832 TO 1842. 41

repealing act, but said he -was of opinion that a great wrong had been done the company. About the same time, a bill passed the Senate, authorizing the company to bring suit against the State for the recovery of damages caused by the repeal of the charter; but the bill failed in the House.

GROWTH AND PROSPERITY.

In the summer of 1814, a large addition, which he called " South Columbus," was made to the original town plat, by John McGowan. It was surveyed and platted by John Shields.

We now pass over a period of sixteen years, till we come to 1830, when the wharf lots were laid out by order of the town council. They were town property.

In 1831, a few lots were laid off by John Young, and called Young's addition.

An impulse having been given to the idea of making " addi- tions," the " borough of Columbus " expanded rapidly.

In 1831 or 1832, Eobert Brotherton and John M. Walcutt, owners of a few acres of an original reserve, sold some building lots on Town street, generally called Brotherton and "VYalcutt's addition. They did not have the lots platted, but sold them by metes and bounds. A plat of the addition was, however, sub- sequently made and recorded.

John McElvain and others, in 1832, laid off into lots a tract of two acres, near the canal. It was called McElvain's addition.

This, and Samuel Crosby's first addition, Ij'ing between Town and South streets, was laid off in February, 1833 ; and their sec- ond addition, which lay between South street and South Public Lane, was laid off in ]S"ovember of the same year.

It was in 1834, that Columbus was incorjjorated as a city.

The next year the following additions were made ; Matthew J. Gilbert's, and Heyl and Parsons', in the southwestern corner of the city.

In 1838, Alfred Kelly, Maylen Northrup, and the heirs of John Kerr, laid off lots to which, in the recorded plat, they gave the name of the "Allotment of the Central Eeservation." It was, however, more commonly called Kellj' and Northrup's Addition.

As the foregoing list of additions indicates, Columbus pros- pered in her third decade. An authority before us states that in

42 studer's cohjmbus, ohio.

1837, our prosi^ering little city contained twenty-five dry- goods stores, six drug-stores, three boot and shoe stores, three hardware-stores, one tin and stove slwp, three wholesale grocer- ' ies, one iron-store, six plothing-stores, two hat-stores, one steam saw-mill, one steam carding-machine and turning shop, two coach and carriage shops, and five churches — the First Presby- terian, the Town Street Methodist, the Lutheran, the Broad Street Episcopal, and the First Baptist (in process of construc- tion). There were then in the city twelve lawyers, twelve phy- sicians, one dentist, and five clergymen ; two weekly political newspapers (one of which was issued semi-weekly, during the sessions of the general assembly), one semi-monthly medical journal, and one monthly temperance paper.

The population of Columbus, in 1840, was 6,0-48, being an in- crease of 4, Gil, or about one hundred and fifty per centum in ten years. Thus was Columbus growing and prospering.

CHAPTEE IV.

FOURTH DECADE, 1842 to 1852.

The close of the fourth and the beginning of the fifth decade of our history constituted the road-making era. Turnpikes, plank-roads, and railroads were projected and constructed, or put in the way of construction.

Of the turnpikes and plank-roads directly aft'ecting the busi- ness and interests of Columbus, we shall speak in this chapter, reserving railroads for separate treatment under the proper caption.

TURNriKES AND PLANK-KOADS.

Of the Columbus and Sandusky turnpike, constructed in 1834, we gave an account in the preceding chapter. We now come to tlie C!olumbus and Portsnioulh turnpike. This road was con- stmu'ted in 1847. SejiHrate sulisri-i]ition-books were opened in eacli county tlirough wiiich the road was to pass ; and the stock- holders in each couuly tMnstructed, kept in repair, and controlled tlie road within their county. Yet to the public it was sub- stau(ially but one road, leading through the entire distance from Columbus to Portsmouth. It was a good graveled thoroughfare.

HISTORY, 1842 TO 1852. 43

The capital stock allotted to Franklin county was S8,800, divided into ten-dollar shares. One gate only was put up in this county, about a mile south of the citj^.

The Columbus and Harrisburg Turnpike Company was in- corporated in 1847, and the road was built in 1848 and 1849. Uriah Lathrop, of Columbus, was the surveyor and engineer. The capital stock of the comj^any was 620,815, divided into shares of twenty-five dollars each. This county made a dona- tion of §4, 500, for the construction of the bridge over the Scioto, southwest of the city. Two gates were kept on the road for the first two or three years, but the more western was afterward re- moved, leaving onlj^ one, two miles west of Columbus.

The Columbus and Worthington Plank-road or Turnpike Company was chartered by the legislature, March 23, 1849, to constru.ct a plank or turnpike road from Columbus to Worthing- ton, with the privilege of extending it to Delaware. The capital stock was 327,825, with power to increase it to 650,000, divided into twenty -five dollar shares. There were to be three directors elected annually. The first directors, chosen in May, 1849, were B. Comstock, William Neil, and Alanson Bull. The road was made in 1849 and 1850. As it was authorized to be built upon any public road or highway, the company used the road-bed of the Columbus and Sandusky turnpike, which had been de- clared a public highway.

The Columbus and Sunbury Turnpike and Plank-road Com- pany was incorporated March 20, 1850, to construct a turnpike or plank-road from Columbus to Sunbury, in Delaware county. The limit of the capital stock was 175,000, divided into shares of twenty -five dollars each. This road was made to commence about three miles northeast of Columbus, where, verging off from the Johnstown road, it was extended to Central College, in the eastern part of Franklin county. It was built in 1852, and cost from six to seven thousand dollars.

The Columbus and Granville Plank-road or Turnpike Com- pany received its charter from the legislature February 8, 1852, for the purpose of making a road of gravel, stone, or plank, at option of the company, from Columbus to Granville, with the privilege of extending it to Newark. The capital stock, which was divided into fifty-dollar shares, might be extended to one

44 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

hundred thousand dollars. In 1852 the road was built, and one good plank track laid for about seven miles, to Big Walnut creek, and a gate erected.

The Columbus and Groveport Turnpike Company, under a charter from the legislature, dated March 19, 1849, completed, in the fall of 1850, a turnpike road from Columbus to Groveport. The capital stock was $25,000, divided into one thousand shares; the actual amount subscribed was §12,300 — less than the cost of the road. The balance was soon made up from its earnings.

The Columbus and Lockwin Plank-road Company, incor- porated in 1853, to construct a plank-road from Columbus, through the northeastern portion of Franklin county, to Lock- win, in Delaware county, built the same year the first five miles of the road, and the next year two miles more. The cost of the seven miles was $10,500— a little less than §2.400 per mile. The planks used were eight feet long and three inches thick, laid on two strong pieces, four inches scpiare. The original capital stock was $14,000 ; but the excess over this amount in the cost of construction was met by the net revenue derived from the collection of tolls on the road.

BALLOON ASCENSIONS.

The first balloon ascension from Columbus took place on the 4th of July, 1842. ■ It was made by Mr. Clayton, a celebrated a?ronaut of Cincinnati, from the state-house yard, where a large concourse of people had assembled to witness the novel sight. The balloon, it was estimated, rose to the height of two miles. It bore southwardly at first, then eastwardly. and came safely down to the earth, about five miles east of Newark.

Nine years afterward, or on the 4th of July, 1851, the second balloon ascension was made from the capital citv, bv the noted John Wise. Pursuant to an engagement with John M. Kinney, Mr, Wise ascended from an in closure at the corner of Broad and Seventh streets. The ascension was a fine one, and theivro- naut landed, safe and sound, about six miles from his starting point.

These lialloou ascensions are mentioned to sluiw that t'olum- bus, in tliis, her iburth decade, was beginning to be regarded bv those who provided costly entertainments for the people, as a ])lace with metro])olitan curiosity and tastes.

iir?TorY. 1842 to 1852.

45

46 STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

TWO EXECUTIONS IN ONE DAT.

On the. same day, February 9, 1844, two persons— William Clark, a white man, and Esther, a colored woman— were executed in Columbus for murder in the first degree. At the time they committed the murders, both were convicts in the penitentiary. Clark was convicted of killing Cyrus Sells, one of the prison- guards, at a single blow, with a cooper's ax ; and Esther, of beating a white female prisoner to death with a fire-shovel. Both were tried and convicted at the same term of the Court of Common Pleas. The defense set up in Clark's case was insanity ; in the case of the woman, that the killing was not premeditated, and was consequently not murder in the first degree. The execution took place on the low ground at the southwest corner of Mound and Scioto streets. It was witnessed by an immense crowd of people. Sullivan Sweet, a citizen of Columbus, was pushed down in the crowd and ti-ampled on by a horse. He was so injured that he died in a few hours.

THE JERRY FfraiTIVE-SLAVE CASE.

Few events in the history of Columbus have excited a deeper or more general interest than the arrest, under the fugitive- slave law, of Jeriy Finney, a colored man, who had resided in the city fourteen or fifteen yeai'S. On the night of the 27th of March, 1846, Jeny was, by some means, cajoled or decoyed to the oflice of William Henderson, a justice of the peace, in Franklinton. There Jerry was arrested as a fugitive slave, and summarily delivered over by the justice to the persons claiming him, one of whom, Alexander C. Forbes, held a power of attor- ney from Mrs. Beth.sheba de Long, of Frankfort, Kentuckv, to whom it was claimed that Jeny owed service or labor. Iland- cutFs were jiut upon the alleged fugitive slave ; he was placed in a carriage that was ready at the door, and taken to Cincinnati, thence to Kentucky, and returned to the woman who claimed that she was his rightful owner.

As .leriy was generally known in the city. havin>:; been cook or waiter at nearly all the hotels and houses of entertainment, his sudden disa]ipearance, and especially the cause and manner of it, produced intense excitement and bitter comment. Persons

HISTORY, 1842 TO 1852. 47

suspected of being concerned in his •■ taking off" were arrested and held to bail on- the charge of kidnapping. Thej- frere "William Henderson, Jacob Armitage, Hemy Henderson, Daniel A. Porter, and Daniel Zinn. At the ensuing Julj- term of the Court of Common Pleas for this county, a bill of indictment was retxirned against these persons and Alexander C. Forbes, for the unlawful seizure and carrying away of Jerrj^,

All the defendants, except Forbes, who had not been arrested, were put upon trial at the September term of the court. The prosecuting attorney, A. F. Perry, and Wm. Dennison, Jr., conducted the prosecution ; and N, H. Swayne and F. J. Mat- thews managed the defense. The trial occupied several days, and excited much interest in the city and abroad. During its progress, one of the jurors. Dr. George Eiekey, was discharged on account of serioixs illness. It was agreed, on the part of the State and of all the defendants, to proceed with the remaining eleven jurors. The result was that the jury returned a verdict of "guilty" as to "William Henderson, and of '' not guilty " as to the other defendants. The latter were discharged, and Henderson was remanded to jail.

Numerous exceptions had been taken on the trial by the de- fendants' counsel to the rulings of the court. The case was taken to the State Supreme Court on writ of error. The prin- cipal error relied on was that it was not competent to a defendant on trial in a criminal case to waive his objection to the absence of a juror, and that it was error in the court below to try the case with only eleven jurors. The point was sustained by the Supreme Court, and Henderson was set at liberty.

By authority of our State legislature, "William Johnson, a noted lawyer, instituted legal j^roceedings in Kentucky, in order to test certain questions of law, which would, it was claimed, result in the liberation of Jerry. Mr. Johnson argued his case before the Kentucky court with signal ability ; but the decision was again.st him, and Jerry remained in bondage. Not long afterward, a sufficient amount of money was raised in Columbus to purchase Jerry's freedom and restore him to his family. But consumption was already sapping the citadel of life, and he died soon after his return home.

48 STUDERS' COLUMBUS, OHIO.

KETURN OF THE CHOLERA.

The Asiatic cholera reappeared in Columbus on the 21st of June, 1849. Its first victims were four persons in the family of George B. Smith, residing in the Jewett block, near the place where the same fatal disease began its ravages in 1833. The alarm si^rcad, and the fearful epidemic spread with almost equal rapidity. Many residents left the city. Isaac Dalton, jST. W. Smith, George B. Harvey, W. W. Pollard, and James Cherry were appointed a board of health, who made daily reports and were active in the discharge of their duties. It was about the middle of September when the disease abated, and the board re- ported one hundred and sixty -two deaths in the city by cholera. The report did not include one hundred and sixteen deaths in the penitentiary, of which we shall take notice when we come to give an account of the institution.

We find mention made of the following well-known citizens who fell victims to the cholera in the summer of 1849 : Dr. B. F. Gerard, Dr. Horace Lathrop, General Edgar Gale, Samuel Pres- ton, Abraham Mettles, William Cook and son, Eobert Thomp- son and wife, Dr. Isaac F. Taylor, Christian Karst, Joseph Mur- ray, Bernard Berk, Christian Hertz, and John Whisker.

The cholera demon, not satiated with its victims in 1S49, re- turned the following year. The first victim in 1S50 was Mrs. Eobert Eussell, who died July 8th at the United States Hotel, on the northwest corner of High and Town streets. Forthwith the disease spread and raged with the same virulence and tatal- ity as in the preceding year till about the middle of September. The population of the city was then 17,882, and about one-fourth fled from the face of the destroyer.

A board of health was constituted, consisting of George B. Harvey, Isaac Dalton, and W. W. Pollard, who made daily re- ports from July 24 to September 4. During that time three hundred and two deaths were reported — two hundred and nine ii-om cholera and ninety-three from other diseases. As the dis- ease had prevailed more Ihan two weeks belbre any reports were made, the deaths li'om eholera were supposed to be about two

HISTORY, 1842 TO 1852. 49

hundred- and twenty -five ; and from other diseases, about one hundred.

The following persons are named among those who died during the prevalence of the epidemic in the summer of 1850 : Elijah Converse, David S. Doherty, Emanuel Dohertj', William Doherty, John Willard and son, "William Ct. Alexander and his wife and two or three children, a son and three daughters of James B. Griffith, John Barcus, Joseph Eidgway, Jr., Eobert Owen, Timothy Griffith, Dr. James B. McGill, Henry Wass, Isaac Taylor, Hinma-n Hurd, Mrs. Matthew Gooding, Mrs. E. B. Arm- strong, and Miss Fanny Huston.

There was no appearance of cholera in the city in 1851. In 1852 it reappeared, but with less virulence than in 1849 and 1850. The first victim in 1852 was Phillip Link, who died June 16, in the southeastern part of the city. Others are enumerated among the victims this year to the fatal epidemic, as William English and wife, !N"elson Compton, Miss Henrietta E. Gale, John McGuire, and Newton Mattoon.

The year 1853 passed over without a visitation from the cholera. There were a few cases reported in 1854, including among those that proved fatal, John Leaf and his wife and son, two children of Mr. Westwater, Jonathan Eeason, and Jonathan Phillips and daughter. Since 1854 the cholera has not visited our city.

LEGISLATION BLOCKED.

Two events occurring in two successive years, seem, though relating chiefly to the State legislature, so inwoven with the his- tory of Columbus, where they created general and intense inter- est, as to deserve a jjassing notice. It should be borne in mind that these scenes were enacted in the old state-house and under our first State constitution.

The general assembly, as required by the constitution, met on the first Monday of December, 1848. The Senate organized by electing a speaker. But the House of Eepresentatives could not organize. The difficulty was this ;

The apportionment law, passed at the preceding session, as- signed to Hamilton county five representatives — the first eight

50 STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

wards of Cincinnati, composing the first election district, entitled to two representatives ; and the residue of the county, composing the second district, entitled to three representatives.

At the annual election in October, 1848, George E. Pugh and Alexander Pierce, with three others, all Democrats, had the highest number of votes given in the whole county ; while Oliver M. Spencer and George W. Eunyan, Whigs, had the highest number of votes given in the first district. The two justices, who assisted the clerk of the county in making out the abstract of the votes, declared Spencer and Eunyan, duly elected repre- sentatives from the first district of Hamilton countj' ; and the clerk, on the other hand, gave to Pugh and Pierce, as well as to the three other Democrats, whose election was not dispu.ted, cer- tificates of election as representatives from Hamilton county. The whole controver.sy turned principally upon the question, whether, under the constitution, the legislature had authority to divide a county into two or more districts for the election of members of the general assembly.

At an early hour- on Monday morning, December 4, the Demo- cratic members of the House took possession of the sj)eaker'8 chair, the clerk's desk, and the right side of the hall, Benjamin F. Leiter, of Stark county, acting as their chairman. The Whig members entered soon afterward and took possession of the left side of the hall, Anselm T. Holcomb, of Gallia county, being appointed their chairman. The Democrats swore in forty-two members, including Pugh and Pierce of Hamilton county ; and the Whigs swore in thirty-two members, including Spencer and Eunyan of Cincinnati, making in all seventy -four members — two more than the constitution allowed. By that instrument a quorum consisted of two-thirds, or tbrty-eight members; so either side could do nothing but sit anil call over the counties for members elect to present their credentials and be sworn in. Of the eight Kreo-soil members, some had been sworn in by the Democratic, and others by the Whig side of the house. In order to keep lH)sse3sion of the speaker's chair, which was deemed a matter of primaiy importance, the Democrats sat day and night Avithont iKljourning or taking a recess. Various propositions for a com- [iromise were made and rejected. Both sides continued to call

HISTORY, 1842 TO 1852. 51

over the counties for members elect from day to day. At length, after about three weeks spent in this way, a proposition, sub- mitted by the Free-soil members, was agreed to on the 22d of December, to the effect that the seventy members, whose election was not disputed, should form an organization with Mr. Leiter as chairman — and proceed to determine the right to the two dis- puted seats.

After a long discussion, a vote was reached on the Ist of Janu- ary, 1849, when the claims of Messrs. Pugh and Pierce to seats in the organization of the House were rejected by a tie vote of 35 to 35. The like claims of Messrs. Spencer and Eunyan were then set aside by a vote of 32 to 38. So all the four claimants of the two disputed Hamilton county seats were told to stand aside till after the organization. The House was organized, with seventy members, on January 3d, by the choice of John Gr. Breslin, Demo- crat, for speaker, after a month spent in enacting a legislative farce. It is proper to add that, on January 26th, a resolution was adopted, by a vote of 32 to 31, declaring Messrs. Pugh and Pierce constitutionally elected members of the House from Hamilton county.

It was the Senate, not the House, that failed to organize at the beffinninff of the next session held in the winter of 1849-50. There being in those days no lieutenant-governor to preside in the Senate, that body had, like the House, to elect a speaker as a first step toward organization. A prolonged controversy, simi- lar to that in the House at the beginning of the preceding session, arose in the Senate. It was the Hamilton county case over again. The Senate consisted of thirty-six members — half of them holding over from the preceding year. Of the new members one was to come from Hamilton county. There were two claimants to this seat — William F. Johnson, Democrat, and Lewis Broadwell, Whig.

The Senate met on Monday, December 3. James Myers, Democrat, of Lucas county, took possession of the chair, and called the Senate to order. Mr. Broadwell presented an abstract showing that he received a majority of the votes cast for senator, in the district composed of the first eight wards of Cincinnati. The certificate of the clerk of Hamilton county was presented

52 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

by Mr. Jolmsoii, setting forth tliat he was duly elected senator from Hamilton county. So the question came up as to which of the two men was legally entitled to the disputed seat. On that point the thirty-five senators, on whom devolved the settlement of the question, became, as the disj)ute progressed, divided as follows: eighteen for Broadwell, and seventeen for Johnson.

At the instance of their resj)ective fi'iends, both Johnson and Broadwell were sworn in as senators. Yet as the chairman (Mr. Myers), and as Mr. Knapp, the clerk of the jirevious Senate, who was acting as clerk of this, recognized Mr. Johnson and re- fused to recognize Mr. Broadwell as a senator, the voting on all questions on organization uniformly resulted in a tie. Various attempts at compromise, and long and spirited discussions en- sued. At length, on the 12th of December, after a motion to proceed to the election of a speaker had been lost by the usual tie vote, the chairman directed the senators to prepare their ballots for speaker. Sixteen days more elapsed, when, on De- cember 28, on the three hundred and first ballot, Harrison G-. Blake, of Medina county, having received sixteen votes, being a majority of all the votes cast, was declared by the chairman duly elected and took his seat as speaker. One of the first acts of the speaker was to recognize Mr. Broadwell when the latter rose to speak. As the clerk still persisted in refusing to call Mr. BroadweU's name, the speaker called it himself By this means it often happened that thirty-seven votes were cast — one more than the constitutional number of senators. The opponents to Mr. BroadweU's claim to a seat were greatly irritated by Speaker Blake's course. They heaped epithets upon him, and charged him with a breach of faith. Tlie other side M-ere, of course, equally zealous in defending the speaker.

Mr. Swift, of Summit county, on the 3d of January, 1S50, otfei-ed a preamble and resolution which added fuel to the tire already ex- isting. The jireamble set forth that Blake had solemnly pledged himself to Swift that if the latter would vote for Blake for speaker, he (Blake) would vote for Johnson to retain his seat as senator until llie right to tlie same shouhl be finally determined bv the Senate ; and woulil not, until such final session, reeOi;-iiize Broad- well as a. siMiator. The preamble also charged the speaker with

HISTORY, 1842 TO 1852. 53

a forfeiture of liis pledge, and concluded with a resolution re- moving him from the offlce of speaker. Upon this proceeding the sjjeaker vacated the chair, and called u]) another senator to supply his place. But this stepi raised such a storm about his ears from those dissatisfied with his course that he resumed the chair. He ruled Mr. Swift's resolution out of order, and there- upon an appeal was taken from the decision. Then came the tug of war. A prolonged and violent debate ensued, in which the motives and conduct of the speaker were condemned by one party and vindicated by the other. Thus matters went on till January 17, when resolutions were adopted providing that Mr. Johnson should be permitted to retain his seat until the com- mittee on privileges and elections should report upon the right to the seat. Upon the adoption of these resolutions, Mr. Swift re-introduced his resolution for the removal of the s^jeaker, which the latter promptly ruled out of order. Mr. Myers then offered a resolution for the like purpose, which was also ruled out of order. An appeal was taken, and this was also ruled out of order.

On the next day, the 18th of January, and near the close of the seventh week of the session, Mr. Blake resigned his position ; and Charles C. Convers, of Muskingum county, was elected speaker. Thus, the Senate was at last organized. Mr. Johnson continued to sit as senator until the 27th of February, when the seat was declared vacant ; and Mr. Broadwell, by a vote of 14 to 13, was admitted to a seat as senator from the first district of Hamilton county.

ACCELERATED GROWTH.

If the decade from 1832 to 1842 was a prosperous one to Columbus, the ten years from 1842 to 1852 were still more so. During the period from the taking of the federal census in 1840 to the taking of the same in 1850, Columbus had increased her population from 6,048 to 17,871, or at the rate of nearly two hundred per centum. From 1842 to 1852, over thirty ad- ditions were made to the city and laid off in lots. The value of real estate in the city, assessed for taxation in 1852, was set down at 13,113,612 ; and of personal property, at $1,648,305— to which

STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

add the amount returned bj'the banks for taxation, $1,249,770.73, and the amount returned by insurance companies, 82,197.73 ; and there is presented a grand total of property in the city, entered on the duplicate for taxation, of 8G, 014, 185.48.

Thus, notwithstanding the attempt to remove the State capi- tal, the suspension of work on the state-house for six or seven years, the visitation of cholera in two successive seasons, and other formidable obstacles calculated to impede its progress, Columbus continued, during the fourtli decade of its existence, to advance steadily and rapidly in the career of wealth and gen- eral prosperitj-.

CHAPTER V.

FIFTH DECADE, 1852 to 18«2.

During the close of the fourth, and the beginning of the fifth decade in its history, Columbus made rapid strides in the career of improvement. Turnpikes and plank-i'oads, as has been al- ready noted, were constructed, leading from the city to various points of the country, and greatlj' increasing the facilities of travel and transfiortation. But these were soon east into the shade by the railroad enterprises which became the mania of the time, and called for large investments of capital. By means of railroads Columbus was brought into direct and rajiid communi- cation with Cincinnati and Cleveland, and thus, through the Ohio river, with New Orleans and the Southwest, and, through Lake Erie, with Detroit and the Xorthwest. The Central Eail- road was completed to Zanesville, and the prospect was certain that, by its speedy connection M'ith the Baltimore and Ohio road, Columbus would have access by rail to the cities on the Atlantic seaboard.

It is a noticeable fact that, in the four years frou\ 1849 to 1S53, notwithstanding the visitation of the cholera, more improvements were made in Columbus than during anj- period of equal lenn'th in its previous history.

Among the large structures erected were the now market- house building, on Fourth street, between Town and Rich streets ; the Gwj^nne Block, with its spacious and comniodious store-

HISTORY, 1852 TO 1862.

55

56 studer's colttmbus, ohio.

rooms, on Town street ; numerous large and substantial build- ings on High street, and fine residences on Town street, together with structures of various kind throughout the whole city. And the increase of population kept pace with the increase of improvements.

In noticing the principal events in the fifth decade of our city's history, aside from those mentioned under the proper heads in other chapters, we will begin with a musical festival, and speak of the

FIRST SAENGERFEST.

The first Sajngerfest, or song-festival, ever held in Columbus, of the ISTorth American Saengerbund or Song-Union, took jjlace on Saturday and Monday, June 5 and 7, 1852. The festival was opened on Saturday morning by the presentation, on behalf of the German ladies of the city, of a beautiful banner to the Co- lumbus Majnnerchor. Preparatory to the presentation, a pro- cession was formed, with Captain Schneider's comj^any in the lead, i^receded by several bands of music, and followed by the musical societies from Cleveland, Louisville, St. Louis, Cincin- nati, and Daj'ton. Then came the " Capital City" Gymnasts and their brethren from abroad. The procession halted in front of the court-house, and formed a semicircle, facing the donors of the banner. The presentation was made by Miss "Wirt, on be- half of the lady donors, with an appropriate speech. The pro- cession then reformed, and marched through the principal streets. In the evening a concert was given, at ISfeil's new hall, by the singing societies, which was a great novelty, and a charming one, to the greater portion of the citizens in attendance.

Monday was the great day of the festival. The various musical delegations, after marching through the principal streets, proceeded to Stewart's Grove, now the City Park, where a hand- some collation was served up. Previous to this, however, an address in German had been delivered at the grove by Charles Jleemelin, of Cincinnati, couched in such pathetic language as to bring tears to many eyes.

After the collation, Jacob Reinhard, president of the day made a brief speech in German, and introduced in succession" Messrs. Galloway, Dcnnison, and Neil, who all spoke, tendering'

HISTORY, 1852 TO 1862. 57

to the German visitors a hearty welcome to Columbus, and bid- ding theni God-spoed.

The gymnastic, as well as the musical exercises of the day, were not only entertaining, but surprising to many of our citi- zens, who had never before enjoyed a similar exhibition.

At six o'clock in the evening, a large procession was formed, preceded by Captain Schneider's company, with bands of music, gymnasts, song-societies, together with citizens formed on the left of the military. It marched in fine order into the city and up High to Town street, and thence to the city hall. The hall was filled to overflowing. Here a farewell was sung in a style seldom, if ever equaled. The festival was closed by a grand ball, in the evening, at the Odeon.

This was the first Saengerfest ever held in Columbus, and the fourth in the State. It was a good beginning, and a fine pre- lude to the entertainments of a similar kind with which our cit- zens have since been favored.

Kossuth's visit.

At a large meeting of the citizens of Ohio, held at the City Hall, in Columbus, on Saturday evening, December 13, 1851, to consider the proper steps to be taken for the reception of Louis Kossuth, governor of Hungary, a resolution was adopted for the appointment of a committee of one hundred citizens of Ohio — twenty of them being residents of Columbus — to invite Kossuth to visit our State, and partake of the hospitality of our people. At an adjourned meeting, held on the next Thursday evening, the names of the committee of one hundred were announced, Dr. Eobert Thompson, of Columbus, being chairman. A finance committee was subsequently appointed, of which Peter Ambos was chairman; W. P. Wheeler, secretary; and Luther Donaldson, treasurer. One hundred dollars were appropriated to defray the expenses of Dr. Eobert Thompson's trip to Washington, to in- vite Kossuth to visit the capital of Ohio. Of the committee, also subsequently appointed, to make arrangements for the reception of Kossuth, Samuel Galloway was chairman, and C. P. Solis, secretary.

The legislature, January 15, 1852, adopted resolutions tender-

58 STUDER'ri COLUMBUS, OHIO.

ing to Kossuth, on behalf of two millions of freemen, a hearty welcome to Ohio.

The long-Iooked-for day at length came for Kossuth's arrival, from Cleveland, at the capital of Ohio. Though it had been an- nounced that he would not arrive until after six o'clock on Wodnesdaj' evening, Fcbruarj' 4, 1852 ; yet early in the after- noon of that day the streets were thronged with peoj)le, and all the eligible j^Iacea for sight-seeing were fully occupied.

According to previous arrangements, a procession was formed to march to the depot and receive the expected guest of the city and State. It was under the direction of General T. Stock- ton, chief marshal of the day, and was headed by the Columbus brass band, followed by Captain Buhl's Columbus Artillery, and Captain Schneider's Grenadiers, carrj-ing the United States and Hungarian colors, and flanking the firemen. The engines of the fire department were decorated with the same colors, and also witli those of Turkey.

Succeeding the long cortege of the fire department, came the carriage, drawn by four white horses, in which Kossuth, along with Governor Wood, of Ohio, was to be escorted to the JSTeil House. Then followed the committee of one hundred. Closino- the procession, were carriages containing members of the le^ns- lature and state oflicers, followed by mechanical associaticins, benevolent and other societies, with a delegation of the city butchers on horseback, and a large concourse of citizens on horseback and on foot.

When the procession arrived at the depot, thousands of people were already gathered there. At about seven o'clock, the boom of cannon announced the safe arrival of the Hungarian. Then there was a rush, and a shout that seemed to" rend the air. Alter some delay, owing to the dense and eager crowd, the pro- cession was reformed, and i)roceeded, with Kossuth, his family, and suite, in the appropriate carriage, to Broad street, then on Broad to Third, then to Town, then to High street, and on that to the Neil House. On the march, lighted torches, in the hands of the firemen, added brilliancy to the scene.

Kossuth, standing on the balcony of the Neil House, was pre- sented to the people. Lilting his hat, he made a sh.irt address.

HISTORY, 1852 TO 1862. 59

expressing delight at his generoiis reception, for which he de- sired to thank jjublicly the generous citizens of Columbus. He then retired to his rooms in the TTeil House.

Before eleven o'clock the next morning, the time assigned for an address from Kossuth, the entire square between Broad and State streets was filled with people. A stand was erected in front of the ^eil House, and opposite the old United States court-house. Kossuth replied at some length to a speech ad- dressed to him by Samuel Galloway. A brief speech was after- ward made by William Dennison. After Kossuth's speech, he was waited upon bj' a committee appointed at a meeting ol' workingmen, with a request that he would address the working- men of the city. This he declined to do on account of the heavy tax upon his time and energies, while expressing his gratification at the manifestations by the workingmen of sym- pathy for the cause of free government in Hungary.

On the evening of the same day (Februarj^ 5), a large meet- ing of citizens of Columbus was held at the City Hall, at which an association of the friends of Hungary was formed, called the Franklin County Hungarian Association; a constitution was adopted, and the following officers elected : W. E. Eankin, Presi- dent; G. Lewis, Vice-President; L. Donaldson, Treasurer; and M. M. Powers, Secretary.

Kossuth, on Saturday, the 7th of February, visited the Gen- eral Assembly, upon special invitation, where he was addressed by Lieutenant-Governor William Medill, in a speech of welcome. Kossuth's response was regarded one of his best efforts. By a joint resolution of the legislature, the original manuscripts of both these speeches wore ordered to be deposited among the archives of the State, in the State Library, where they now are, bound in a handsome volume, labeled, "Welcome of Ohio to Kossuth."

In the evening, after this visit to the legislature, the first reg- ular meeting of the Ohio Association of the Friends of Hun- gary was held, at the City Hall, in Columbus. The hall was filled to its full capacity. After a brief introductory speech by Governor Eeuben Wood, the president of the association, Kos- suth delivered one of those stirring, patriotic, and liberty-loving

60 STUDEr's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

addresses for which he had then become famous. After this speech in English, he made a brief address in German.

The following Monday morning, Kossuth left Columbus for Cincinnati.

HENRY clay's OBSEQUIES.

Henry Clay, the renowned American orator and statesman, departed this life, at "Washington City, on the 29th of June, 1852. Tiie remains, on the way to Mr. Clay's late home, in Ken- tucky, arrived in this city on Wednesday evening, July 7th. Previous to their arrival, a procession had been formed, on High street, the right resting on State street. It moved to the depot in the following order : Committee of arrangements, in car- riages ; city council, in carriages ; firemen ; Captain Schneid- er's ; Morgan Volunteers ; citizens in carriages.

On the arrival of the train, the remains were received by this joint committee of the city council and citizens, and ti-ansferred to the hearse. A procession was then formed, the firemen pre- ceding the hearse, on each side of which were the Morgan Yol- unteerg. Then followed the committee of arrangements as pall- bearers. United States Senate committee, the Kentucky and Cin- cinnati committees, committees from towns and cities, the city council and citizens — all in carriages.

The procession moved down High street to Town, thence to Hiffh street and the Neil House, where the remains were de- posited for the night. As the procession moved on the streets, the bells were tolled, and minute-guns were fired by the artil- lery.

Many of the stores and business houses were dressed in mourn- ing ; the flags and omnibuses in the proeessiun were trimmed with crape, as were the bodies and regalia of the difi:erent so- cieties and orders in attendance. At the Neil House, brief ad- dresses were made by "William Dennisou, and Governor Jones, of Tennessee.

On the same evening, there Avas a large meeting of citizens at the City Hall, at which Joseph Eidgway presided, and C. T. Solis acted as socretarj-. After prayer by Pr. Hoge, E. P. L. Barber, from the committee of arrangements, reported a series of reso-

HISTORY, 1852 TO 1862. 61

lutions, which were unaniinously adopted, after appropriate speeches by A. F. Perry and Wm. Dennison.

THE STATE TREASURY DEFALCATION.

The good citizens of Columbus were startled on the morning of .June 13, 1857, by the announcement in the daily papers that William H. Gibson, Treasurer of State, had resigned, and that there was a defalcation of over half a million of dollars to be charged to him or his brother-in-law, John G-. Breslin, who had preceded him in the office, or both. Breslin was a Democrat, and Gibson of opposite politics, and both resided in the city of Tiffin. Soon after Gibson's resignation. Governor Chase ap- pointed Alfred P. Stone State Treasurer, who, at the ensuing State election, in October, was chosen by the people to that office.

So intense was the popular excitement on the unearthing of this fraud upon the people of Ohio, that an indignation meeting was called and held, on the evening of June 18, 1857, in front of the City Bank, on State street. Dr. E. N. Barr was chairman, and James R. Day, secretary of the meeting. W. T. Bascom, James H. Stauring, Henry Miller, W. T. Day, William Miller, and C. Breyfogle were appointed a committee on resolutions, whose report was adopted.

Speeches were made by H. B. Carrington, S. S. Cox, Will- iam Dennison, Dr. William Trevitt, William T. Bascom, Henry Miller, and Joseph H. Geiger. These gentlemen, accord- ing to a reporter who was present, spoke in terms highly denunciatory of the gross outrage upon the tax-payers of Ohio by an officer, or officers, who had shamefully abused the people's confidence. It was demanded that the perpetrator, or perpetrators, of the fraud should be visited with the severest pen- alties of the law. A determination was expressed to vote in future, irrespective of party ties, for such men, and such men only, whose antecedents and character should guarantee their honesty and capacity to manage the people's treasury with safety and integrity of purpose.

62 STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

DR. KANE'S OBSEQUIES.

Dr. Elisha Kent Kane, the great traveler and Arctic explorer, died at Havana, February 16, 1857, at the early age of thirty- seven years. His remains were taken back to his former home, in Philadelj^hia.

A few minutes before noon, on Friday, March 6, intelligence was received at Columbus, from Cincinnati, that the remains of Br. Kane would jiass through this city on their way toward Philadelphia; that thej' would reach here by the 11:20 night train, and remain until the departure of the 10:10 train of the Central Ohio road, on Monday morning.

Immediate action was taken in each branch of the legislature then in session, and a joint committee was appointed to make the necessarj- arrangements to manifest the regard of the people for the character and services of the lamented dead.

The Grand Lodge of the Masonic fraternity of Ohio was convened in special communication, by order of the grand mas- ter, and a committee appointed to co-operate with other com- mittees of arrangements.

At an early hour in the evening, a meeting of citizens was held at the Neil House, and a committee selected to act on be- half of the citizens of the cajutal of Ohio, in conjunction with other similar committees.

A joint meeting of all these committees was held at the Xeil House, at eight o'clock in the evening, when two members from each committee were delegated to proceed to Xeuia, on the mor- row, and there meet the funeral cortege from Cincinnati, accom- pany it to Columbus, and thence to Wheeling.

Another like committee was detailed to make suitable arrange- ment for the reception of the remains, for the respectful care of them during their stay in the city, and for appropriate re- ligious exercises on Sundaj*.

The State Fencibles, Captain Rean\y, volunteered such services as might be recpiired of them. The tender Avas thankfullv re ceived by tlie j»un( committee.

At midnight, the train ari-ived at the Columbus depot, where the joint coiumittee, tl>e Stale Fencibles, and a large concourse of citi/.eiis were awaiting it. The stillness ot' the midnii-ht

HISTORY, 1852 TO 1862. 63

hour, the rolling of the muffled drum, as the remains were re- moved from the car, the tolling of bells in the city, the solemn strains of the dead march by the brass band, the display of flags at half-mast as seen by moonlight, the respectful silence of the concourse of citizens that thronged the streets, all con- spired to give the scene an air of grandeur and solemnity.

The solemn procession, accomjjanied by a civic and military escort, proceeded to the Senate chamber, where due preparation had been made for its reception ; and there the remains were consigned to the custody of the Columbus committees, in a very neat address from Charles Anderson, on behalf of the Cincin- nati committee.

William Dennison responded, in behalf of the Columbus com- mittees, in an appropriate address. A detachment of the State Fencibles was detailed by Lieutenant Jones, as a guard of honor, which remained on duty while the remains were in the Senate chamber, except while relieved by a like guard detailed from members of the Masonic fraternity. The remains lay in state in the Senate chamber from one A. m. on Sunday until nine A. M. on Monday.

By ten o'clock on Sunday morning, the citizens began to wend their way to the Senate chamber, which had been judiciously arranged by Mi'. Ernshaw, the draughtsman, for the accommo- dation of the greatest practical number of persons. By eleven o'clock, the spacious hall was densely packed, when Colonel Eane, Robert P. Kane, and Dr. Joseph R. Kane, brothers of the deceased, and Lieutenant William Morton, his faithful companion in his perilous voyages, entered, and were conducted to the seats reserved for them.

The religious services consisted of prayer by the Eev. Mr. Steele, of the Columbus Congregational Church ; music by the choir of that church ; discourse by Dr. Hoge, of the First Pres- byterian Church; anthem by the choir; collects and benedic- tion by Eev. Mr. La Fourrette, of St. Paul's (Episcopal) Church.

ISTotice was given that the Senate chamber would bo open from two to five o'clock, to afford the citizens an opportunity to pay their mournful tribute of respect to the ashes of the dead. Thousands of all classes and conditions gladly availed them-

64 STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

selves of the opportunity. At five o'clock the doors were closed, and the silence of the chamber was broken only by the tread of the guard on duty.

At nine o'clock on Monday, March 9, a procession was formed, and with solemn music by the band from Cincinnati, and Good- man's brass band, with the tolling of bells and other appropriate tokens of sorrow, proceeded to the depot in the following order :

Chief marshal, Lucien Buttles ; assistant marshals, Eichard Nevins, H. M. 'Neil, Walter C. Brown.

Cincinnati band ; State Fencibles, Captain Reamy ; Columbus Cadets, Captain Tyler; American flag.

PALL BEARERS. PALL BEARERS.

Medical Profession. ILisons.

Dr. W. M. Awl, ( 'i W. B. Hubbard, P. G. M.

Dr. E. Thompson, „ W. B. Thrall, P. G. M.

Dr. S. Parsons, S ;x g. Swayne, M, M.

Dr. E. Patterson, g G. Swan, P. G. O.

Dr. S. M. Smith, ^ Dr. L. Goodale, P. G. T.

Dr. John Dawson. ™.>,,™ D. T. Woodbury, M. M.

Lieutenant Morton, of the Kane expedition ; committee to ac- company the remains to Wheeling; Cincinnati committee of arrangements ; Columbus committee of arrangements ; relatives of the deceased, in carriages ; reverend clergy ; Goodman's band • Grand Lodge of the Masonic fraternity of the State of Ohio ; governor of Ohio and staff; heads of departments and other State officers; the Ohio Senate and House of Eepresentatives ; medical profession ; Columbus city council ; firemen ; judges and officers of court; citizens generallv.

A portion of the joint committee accompanied the remains to Baltimore, where, Avith an appropriate address by Dr. S. M. Smith, of Columbus, they were delivered to the committee ap- pointed in that city to attend to their reception.

THIRD BALLOON ASCENSION.

The third balloon ascension from Columbus took place on the 2!)lh of October, 1S57, in pursuance of an engao-emont made bv JohnM. Ivinnoy with M.Codard, a celebrated French aeroTiaut to come from Philadelphia, an<l make an ascension on horseback

HISTORY, 1852 TO 1862.

65

The ascension on the 29th of October was intended merely as preliminary to the horseback ascension, which was to come off two days afterward, but which, owing to the difficulties in ob- taining the requisite supply of gas, did not come off at all. But the preliminary ascension succeeded admirably. It was made from the Capital City Fair Grounds, as Mr. Kinney called his inclosure, located near and southeastwardly from the old lunatic asylum. M. Godard was accompanied in the ascent by his brother, and P. "W. Huntington and Robert H. Thompson, of this city. Three of the company occupied the car, while one of the Godards hung suspended by a rope fifteen or twenty feet below the car, with his head downward, waving a flag as he glided swifty through the empji-ean. The party landed with- out accident and in safety, near Taylor's station, on the Central Railroad, nine or ten miles east of the city.

THE PARKER BUILDING,

located on the northwest corner of High and Spring streets — ■ erected by Messrs. Parker, Burton & Atchison in 1872 — is a fine

66 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

substantial brick block, with iron caps and neat cornice. It con- tains about 600,000 brick.

The business rooms in the first story are occupied as follows : The south corner room, 21 by 100 feet, by O. G. Peters & Co., as a family grocery ; the middle room, by Hanes & Eead, as a boot and shoe store ; and the north corner room by John Fisher, as a stove and tin store.

The second story is occupied by the Baltimore and Ohio Eail- road Company for offices ; and the third story is appropriated to offices and lodging-rooms.

The block is known by the name of the Parker Block, in honor of its go-ahead and enterprising builder, who has recently made our city his home, having formerly resided in the neigh- boring town of Delaware. During his year's residence among us, he has built about thirty houses, varying in size and style of architecture. Mr. Parker belongs to the class of men the city needs to give it the prominence it deserves and can easily attain. The Parker building is one of the finest blocks that beautify our city.

EXECUTION OF MYERS.

In the penitentiary, on the 27th of May, 1858, Albert Myers, for no apparent cause, killed Bartlett Neville, a fellow convict, with an ax. At the ensuing June term of the Court of Common Pleas, Mj-ers was tried and found guilty of murder in the first degree, and sentenced by Judge Bates to bo hung on the 3d of September following. As the plea of insanitj- had been set up for him on his trial, and as his strange behavior in jail led many intelligent and humane persons to suspect that the plea might be well founded, Governor Chase was induced to grant Myers a reprieve till December 17. On that day he was executed, in pursuance of his sentence, bj- Sheriff Silas "W. Park.

Probabl}', no criminal was ever executed in this or any other county in the State, who exhibited such stolid indifterence to his fate as did this man Myers. He seemed even to covet his doom. His conduct and language appeared to justify the opinion that he had committed the murder to escape confinement in the

HISTORY, 1852 TO 1862. 67

penitentiary, even at the risk of the gallows ; and that he dreaded nothing so much as a commutation of his sentence into imprisonment for life. A post-moiiem examination disclosed the fact that he had a large, and aj)parently a perfectly healthy brain.

OPENING OP THE CIVIL WAR.

The thrill that pervaded the country on the announcement in April, 1861, that Fort Sumter had surrendered to the rebel forces, and the immediate calls for men and the voluntary rush to arms in Ohio and other Northern States, belong to the general history of the period. It is our province to note only some of the prominent events of a strictly local character.

An immense meeting was held at Armory Hall, on North High street, on the evening of April 17, 1861. Judge Joseph R. Swan was made president, and a large number of prominent citizens vice-presidents. After patriotic speeches by Judges Swan, "Warden, and Eankin, Samuel Galloway, Judge W. R. Eankin, and L. J. Critchfield were appointed a committee on resolutions and retired for consultation. Animated addresses were made by General Joseph H. Geiger and Samuel Galloway, when the committee reported resolutions, which were unani- mously adopted.

The resolutions set forth, in substance, that it was the duty of the citizens of Ohio, ignoring past political differences, to yield a hearty and prompt support to the national government in its efforts to put down treason and rebellion ; that to accomplish this end, no necessary sacrifice of men or money could be too great; that if need be, the members of the meeting would pledge their lives, their fortunes, and their sacred honor to aid the o-overnment in its efforts to maintain the constitution, enforce the laws, and restore the Union to its original integrity, and that the meeting pointed with just pride to our own citizen -soldiers who had so promptly and patriotically tendered their services to the government.

The meeting closed with speeches from Mr. Schleigh, of Lan- caster ; T. A. Plants, of the Ohio House of Representatives, and State Senator Garfield.

Troops now began to arrive rapidly in the city for rendez-

68 studer's COLUMBUS, onio.

V0U8, equipment, and organization. Goodale Park was con- verted into a military camp called Camp Jackson, for the rendezvous of all the Ohio troops north of Hamilton countj^, and south of the Eeserve. In the camp all the rules of military discipline were rigidly enforced, so far as that could be done ■with such raw and undisciplined recruits. The officers' quarters were in the keeper's house, near the entrance gate; white tents were pitched in the center of the park; large wooden buildings were hastily erected for lodging and dining-rooms ; wagons were continually going and coming ; volunteers constantly arriving, and all the parade and clamor of camp life might be seen and heard in that so lately peaceful and quiet retreat.

The First and Second regiments of Ohio Volunteer Infantry left Camp Jackson for Washington City, on Friday morning, April 19th. In the Second regiment were two Columbus com- panies— the Vedettes, Captain Thrall ; and the Fencibles, Captain J. II. Riley. On the same day. Lieutenant II. Z. ^Mills was, by request, relieved of the command of Camp Jackson, which was assumed by Colonel E. A. King, of Daj'ton.

The Third regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry was formed at Camp Jackson, Ajaril 24th, in which were the following Columbus companies: A, Governor's Guards, Captain I. H. Morrow; B, Governor's Guards, Captain "Wing; Columbus Steuben Guards, Captain Schneider ; Montgomery Guards, Captain O. Turney. Subsequently Captain Morrow was elected Colonel of the Third regiment, five companies of which, includ- ing companies A and B, Governor's Guards, left Camp Jackson on the 29th of April, for Camp Deiinison, near Cincinnati. The Montgomery Guards left a day or two afterward, and the Steuben Guards on the Sth of May, for the same destination.

At a special meeting of the city council, held on the evening of April 27th. an ordinance was unanimously passed appropri- ating twenty thousand dollars for the relief of the families of viilunteers, residents of the city ; tlie money to be drawn onlv u]ion the order of the relief eonnnittee, which consisted of Messrs. L. L. Smith, A. B. ]]iittles, A. O. IMair. Isaac Eberly and J. II. Slauring.

In the olficial list, published on the Gth of May, IStU, of the

HISTORY, 1852 TO 1862. 69

surgeons and surgeons' mates, appointed to the thirteen Ohio regimen ts called into the service on the President's first requi- sition, we iind the names of the following resident physicians of Columbus; Dr. W. L. McMillen, Surgeon to the First regiment; Dr. Starling Loving, Surgeon to the Sixth regiment ; Dr. C. E. Boyle, Surgeon to the Tenth, and subsequently to the Ninth regiment; and Dr. H. Z. Gill, surgeon's mate to the Eleventh regiment. Subsequently, when the nine additional Ohio regi- ments began to be organized, Dr. W. H. Dcnig was appointed surgeon's mate to the Fifteenth, and Dr. C. E. Denig to the Six- teenth regiment.

Captain C. C. Walcutt's Columbus company, which had been recruiting for some weeks at Camp Jackson, was reported, on the 21st of May, as assigned to the Twenty -third regiment, on an enlistment for three years.

Good ale Park, which had been used for a military camp from the first mustering of troojas, began, about the first of June, to be gradually thinned of soldiers, or recruits, and was at length altogether abandoned as a camp. In the meantime, a new camp on a more extensive scale was organized on the ISTational Road, four or five miles west of the city. The new camj) was at first also called Camp Jackson, but the name was soon afterward changed to Camp Chase, in honor of Salmon P. Chase, Ex-Gov- ernor of Ohio, and then Secretary of the United States Treasury. It was ultimately turned over to the United States authorities.

Camp Chase soon assumed the appearance of a military city. It was regularly laid out in squares and streets, with numerous wooden structures and white canvas tents. Each regiment or other organization had its special quarters assigned. From a camp for the rendezvous, organization, and drill of trooj)8, it be- came, as the war progressed, the quarters for paroled prisoners of war, and the site of a huge prison for the confinement of rebel prisoners. The camp lasted as long as the war lasted.

Subsequently, Camp Thomas was established east of the Worthington plank-road, three or four miles north of the city. It was at first used as the rendezvous of Colonel H. B. Carring- ton's regiment. Eighteenth United States Infantry, but soon became a camp for general war purposes.

70 STUDEK's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

To gi%'e an account of the officers and men furnished by Columbus, and of their behavior and fortune in camp and field; and to trace our city's connection with the war through its camps, prisons, and the bounties and encouragement aftbrded to volunteers, would require a larger volume than the present, de- votedly exclusively to these topics.

RETROSPECT.

The national census of 1860 showed that Columbus had made but slight increase in population during the preceding ten years, less than in any other equal period in its history. Various causes contributed to this result. There was a remarkable de- crease in the number of marriages in our city and county dur- ing four years of the decade fi-om 1852 to 1802. The number of marriage licenses issued by the Probate Court of Franklin county in 1853 was 670 ; in 1834, 574 ; in 1855, 553 ; and in 1856, 516 ; showing an annual marriage decrease of seven and a quarter per cent., and a total decrease of twenty-nine and a third per cent.

The natural increase bj' births, and the increase by immi- gration, was nearly, and in some years quite overbalanced by the emigration westward from the city and county. A perfect fever for settlement and speculation in the West seized upon oui' young men, and even upon men of mature age and exjjerience in practical business life. Mechanics from the city and farmers from the couTitrj- wended their waj- westward. Our streets were often lined witli M-agons, and rilled with horses and cattle, on the road for Iowa, Minnesota, Kansas, and Nebraska. This was but the temporary reaction or eft'eet of the spirit of speculation with -which the decade had been preceded and opened. Many of tiie western emigrants, in a few years, re- turned to their old homes in Columbus and Franklin county; and many more Avould have gladly returned, if it had been in their power.

It was merely a temporary check that was given to the citv's increase in population. It had a salutary effect. It served to l>rove to our people that we have at home a richer field lor in- dustry and enterprise than can be found elsewhere, and thus

HISTORY, 1862 to 1872. 71

prepared the wuy for the rapid strides the city is now making to- ward future greatness and prosperity.

During this fifth decade, in all respects, save as to a large in- crease in population, Columbus was progressive ; real prof)erty in the city steadily advanced in value, and the amount of wealth and available cajjital was as steadily augmented. As soon as the immigration fever, which was at its height about 1857, and the financial havoc occurring about the same time, had subsided, business revived. In 1859, numerous new and substantial buildings were erected or in progress ; our manufacturing es- tablishments began to increase in number and enlarge the sphere of their operations.

Public improvement went hand in hand with private enter- prise ; our principal streets and leading thoroughfares began to assume that character of evenly-graded, well-paved, and sjjacious avenues which makes them the admiration of visitors. On Broad street, for instance, had been set out four rows of trees, which now give it the appearance of a long and beauti- ful grove, through which is a rounded roadway in the centej', forty -three feet wide ; a carriage-way on each side, twenty feet wide ; and neatlj' paved sidewalks — making the street a hand- some avenue, one hundred and twenty feet wide.

The ferment that preceded and followed the breaking out of the civil war in the spring of 1861, aroused not only the pa- triotism, but the enterprise of our citizens. Many who had be- fore been languid and listless, now felt the pleasure and inspira- tion of a fresh and novel excitement. Though many of our young and active business men were taken away from the city and marched off to the camp or to the field of bloody strife, from which some of them never returned, yet the war brought, along with its evils, its compensations also.

Columbus and its immediate vicinity became a center for the rendezvous of large bodies of troops, for military stations and camps, where soldiers were drilled, clothed, equipped, and sent to the field; where hospitals and soldiers' homes were es- tablished; where paroled prisoners awaited their release, and where rebel prisoners were kept in durance. These things, with the incidents naturally attending them, gave an impulse to

72 STCDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

manufactures, trade, and business in general ; sometimes fitful and transient, it is true, but, on the whole, tending to develop our resources, to demonstrate the capabilities within and around our communitj-, and to establish the more important business enterprises upon a solid basis, giving us assurance of certain and rapid progress in the future.

CIIAPTEE VI.

SIXTH DECADE, 1862 to 1S72.

Near the close of our last chapter, wo briefly sketched the opening of the war drama as it atteeted Columbus, and briefly alluded to the general eftect of the war upon our business and prospects. While leaving the detail of military events to the general historian, we jn'opose to notice a few true incidents connected with the war. Some of the most interesting of these incidents grew out of an organization called

THE LADIES SOLPIERS' AID SOCIETT.

The Ladies Soldiers' Aid Society of Columbus, as auxiliary to the National Sanitary Commission at AVashington, made its first annual report for the j-ear ending October 21, 1S62. The operations of the institution had been successful. The cutting- room had been open cverj- day in the year, and the committees appointed to cut and supervise work had been present to give out work and receive donations. "Wednesday of each week had been set apart for a general meeting in the main building, to which ladies generally were invited. There, with sewing macliincs and concerted action, much good had been done.

Tlie society had tliirty-six auxiliaries connected with it. From these, and i'rom individuals, it had received large donations. The report gives a long list of articles of clothing, as well as of hospital stores, sent away I'or the use of ilestitute, sick, and wounded soltliers.

HISTORY, 1862 TO 1872. 73

All exhibition of elegant tableaux vivants was presented, under the auspices of the society, at the hall of the High School building, on Tuesday and Thursdaj' evenings, February 3 and 5, 1863. It was spoken of in the papers of the day as one of the most beautiful and wonderful displays of the kind ever made.

The society held a second grand bazaar on Thursdaj^ and Fri- day evenings, February 12 and 13, 1863, at Ambos Hall. The ornamental and patriotic displays were beautiful and attractive. In the center of the hall stood an aquarium ; at the east end was a bouquet stand; on the north side were four booths, rejire- senting the four seasons of the year; and at the west end was the refreshment stand, decorated with flowers and evergreens. The American eagle perched on the top of an arch above the bouquet stand bore the motto of " Honor to the Brave," in large, bright letters. The hall was filled with people on both evenings.

A grand bazaar was held at Naughton's Hall, on the evenings the 24th, 25th, and 28th of April, 1863, with crowded assemblies on each evening, for the benefit of the Aid Society. It was a splendid exhibition of taste and skill. The hall was beautifully decorated and elegantly draped. Handsome booths, with fair ladies for saleswomen, were filled with articles of fine materials and exquisite workmanship. Tableaux vivants^ representing thrilling scenes in private life and in history, contributed to en- rich the entertainment. Music by a military hand added to the effect. The lady treasurer of the society reported the net pro- ceeds of the bazaar at 11,216.40.

A bazaar, on a grander scale than any previously given, was held for the benefit of the Aid Society, commencing at the Athena!um (State Street Theater), on Tuesday, l^ovember 15, 1863, and continuing through the remainder of the week. The parquet of the Athenteum having been boarded over, booths were erected in a circle around it. These contained an almost infinite variety of articles for sale, and were presided over by ladies ar- rayed in costume representing various creeds and nationalities, in habiliments sometimes neat and elegant, but oftener gro- tesque and outlandish. A post-office was opened, and visitors notified that unpaid letters were awaiting their order. Of course, the rates of postage were as high as thej- were in the

74 STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

government jjostal service forty or fifty years ago. There were drawings of prizes and beautiful tableaux exhibited. But it would take too much space to begin to specify the attractions. A lunch was served up daily by the ladies.

One incident connected with this bazaar must not be omitted. It was the free lunch given on Saturday to the farmers and other citizens of the dificrent townships in the county, who had, on invitation, at a meeting of the citizens of Columbus, come into the city with wagons loaded with wood, flour, potatoes, corn, and other provisions for the destitute families of absent soldiers. A grand procession of these wagons through the streets pre- sented a novel, and certainlj- an afl:ecting spectacle. Every township in the county was represented. The donations were far greater than the most sanguine had anticipated. After the articles brought in had been dejjosited in the places designated, the generous and j^atriotie donors partook of a sumptuous re- past prepared for them by the ladies at the bazaar.

The treasury of the society was materially increased by the receipts of an exhibition of tableaux at the Opera House, on Thursday, Friday, and Saturday evenings of October 13, 14, and 15, 1864. The house was crowded every evening, and especially upon Saturday evening, when the grand military infantry drill and the initiatory ceremony of the Sons of Malta were the prin- cipal cards. The president of the society acknowledged the receipt of a thousand dollars as the proceeds of this entertain- ment given by the ladies and gentlemen of Columbus for the benefit of the society.

THE soldiers' home.

The Soldiers' Home, located in this city, was an efficient agency, during the war, for the care of sick, disabled, and desti- tute soldiers, not provided for by the regular military organiza- tions. It was established April 22, 1SG2, by the Soldiers' Aid Sot'iet}', in a room in the railroad depot, under the charge of Isaac T)alton,of this city. On the 17th of October, 18(33, it was removed into a building erected by the Columbus branch of the United States Sanitary Commission, on ground west of the de- pol, belonging to the IjiKle JMiaini Kailroad Conlpan^^ It was

HISTORY, 1862 to 1872. 75

24 by 60 feet, two stories high, and cost about 82,300. It con- tained forty-five beds, with iron bedsteads. Soldiers were lodged in the Home, and those who were out of money the superintend- ent supplied with food, paying twenty -five cents for each meal.

In the spring of 1864, under a contract with the Sanitary Com- mission, T. E. Botsford and John Wigant, for ?1,800, built an addition, 26 by 80 feet, to the former structure, making the entire building 140 feet long. The addition contained eighty beds on iron bedsteads. It was opened July 20, 1864, for the reception of soldiers. At this time, Mr. Dalton, who had been in charge of the Home, was succeeded by T. B. Botsford, who continued to serve as superintendent till the institution was closed.

The Home proved a great comfort and help to soldiers, seamen, government employes, and even to rebel prisoners who arrived in the city sick, moneyless, or shelterless. Men from almost every State in the Union, who had nowhere else to go, were hospita- bly entertained, and, when recovered or refreshed, sent on their way rejoicing.

During the existence of the Home under Mr, Botsford's super- intendence, from July 20, 1864, to May 7, 1866, 34,982 persons were furnished with lodgings, and 99,463 meals were distributed to 30,055 men, of whom 25,649 were members of Ohio regiments. Eefugees from the South were furnished 640 meals.

On the closing of the Home, May 7, 1866, the superintendent, under the direction of the representatives of the Sanitary Com- mission, donated to the Hannah Neil Mission the buildings, the furniture, beds, bedding, the stoves, cooking and other kitchen utensils, and all other property belonging to the Home.

OHIO soldiers' home.

In May, 1864, the United States authorities took possession of the south part of the State quarry tract, near the crossing of the Columbus and Xenia Eailroad, and erected barracks and other buildings thereon. The establishment was called Tripler Hospital. The tenements, over twenty in number, were after- ward donated to the State for a Soldiers' Home. The State took possession in September, 1865, and instituted a Home.

The legislature, April ,5, 1866, passed an act establishing a

76 studer's COLUMBUS, onto.

temporary home for Ohio soldiers. The preamble to the act recited the above donation, and stated that a home had been established and carried on with means generously tendered and paid by the Cincinnati and Cleveland branches of the United States Sanitary Commission, and other benevolent societies and individuals. It was also stated that the Home had then as inmates nearly two hundred disabled soldier.s. The act 2>ro- vided for the appointment, by the Governor and Senate, of five trustees, two of them to be residents of Columbus, to manage tlie Home, and appoint a superintendent, surgeon, steward, and matron. An appropriation of S75.000 was made to carry out the purposes of the act.

On the 10th of April, 1869, the legislature, by joint resolu- tion, confirmed the action of the trustees of the Ohio Soldiers' Home, in transferring the temporary pos,session of the premises, the chattel property, and the unexpended balance of appropria- tions for current expenses already made, to the trustees of the National Asylum for disabled volunteer soldiers. Three days afterward, an act was passed, reciting in the preamble that the managers of the National Asylum had accepted the Ohio Soldiers' Homo, and were then caring for the disabled volunteer soldiers of this State, and ceding to the United States the juris- diction over such lands, near the citj- of Dayton, as might be acquired by the managers for the purposes of a national asylum for disabled soldiers.

TOD BARRACKS.

New barracks, called Tod Barracks, in honor of Governor Tod, were built in the fall of 1S63, on the east side of High street, north of the depot. They were intended for the accommodation of recruits, and of sick, disabled, and other soldiers, and ulti- mately became the place where regiments and other military organizations were disbanded and paid oft'. A board fence twelve feet high, inclosed an area of 216 feet front on High street, and of 75(1 feet in depth. The main entrance was throuo-h a gate on High street, with a guard-house, sixteen feet square, on eaeli side. Two blocks for oftices, each 100 by 32 feet, occu- liied eacli side of tlie passage. Three blocks, two stories' high,

HISTORY, 1862 TO 1872. 77

with double piazzas, for men's quarters, occupied each side of the lot. There were two tiers of bunks in the men's quarters — a bunk to each man. A guard-house in the rear ; a dining-hall, two stories high, and 190 feet by 32 ; a kitchen ; a laundry, and a sutler's store, composed the residue of the buildings that were originally planned for erection within the inclosure. The parade ground, inside the inclosure, was 425 feet long by 262 wide.

THE ESCAPE OP MORGAN.

The raid of the rebel chieftain, John H. Morgan, through parts of Indiana and Ohio, in the summer of 1863, though now matter of history, is still fi-esh in the recollection of most of our readers. Morgan, it will be remembered, was captured in Columbiana county, and, on the first of October, 1863, was con- fined with about seventy other rebel prisoners, by order of the United States authorities, in the Ohio Penitentiary.

The citizens of Columbus were not a little startled, on the morning of Saturday, K'ovember 28, 1863, by a report that John H. Morgan and six of his captains had escaped from the peniten- tiary. It was by many believed to be an incredible rumor ; but doubt was soon turned into certainty by the appearance of po.sters announcing, by authority of Colonel Wallace, the com- mander of the post, the fact of the escape, and offering a re- ward of a thousand dollars for the recapture of John Morgan.

The prisoners who escaped with John Morgan wore J. C. Bennett, L. D. Hockersmith, T. H. Hines, G-. S. Magee, Ealph Sheldon, and S. B. Taylor. They all, with a brother of Mor- gan, occupied cells in the first range on the ground floor, on the south side of the east wing of the prison ; John Morgan's cell was in the second range, just above his associates.

When that portion of the prison was built, a fewy:ars be- fore, an air-chamber, so called, in the shape of a large s.wer, arched with brick, seven feet in width, and four and a half in height, running the whole length of the wing, was constructed under the cells for ventilating purposes, and was fastened at the end into the foundation by strong bars of iron ; the air passed in at the end, and through this chamber, out at the top of

78 STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

the building, by means of flues. The floor of the colls was simply a layer of mortar and cement on the brick arch. The thickness through to the air-chamber was about twenty-one inches. At the time the sewer or air-chamber was built, a large number of convicts were employed upon the work. "Whether through any of these or otherwise, it seems that the rebel prisoner Hines, according to his own story, found out that there was an air- chamber underneath the cells, and by means of knives jiro- cured in some clandestine way, dug a hole through the floor in the corner of his cell ; through this he descended into the air- chamber, and removed the bricks in the arch underneath the other six cells, leaving a thin crust of mortar and cement, which could be easily broken through.

When all was ready, the prisoners descended into the air- chamber. Proceeding to the eastern end, they removed several of the foundation stones, but found an obstruction in the shape of an immense pile of coal, which had been thrown against that end of the prison. Eetracing their steps about twenty-five feet, they selected a spot almost immediately underneath Hines' cell ; digging in a southerly direction, they came out into the prison yard, opposite the female department, having tunneled under- neath the main wall. Carefully concealing all traces of their operations, they waited until Friday evening, Xovember 27, when the brothers Morgan, as the prisoners were about being locked up for the night, adroitly managed to change cells. AVhen all was ready, John Morgan and his six cajitains, having pre- pared paddies and placed them in their beds so as to deceive the watchman, descended into the air-chamber; crawling through the tunnel they had made, they soon came out into the open air in the prison yard, and proceeded to the southeast gate. By means of a rope made out of bed-ticking, and se- cured to the iron hooks at the top of the wall, they drew them- selves up, and thus effectetl their escape.

A note, addressed to the warden, was found in the air- chamber. The address read: "lion. N. Merion, the Faithful the Vigilant."

HISTORY, 1862 TO 1872. 79

The contents of the note were ;

"Castle Merion, Cell No. 20, ''jVovember 27, 1863. " Commencement — N'ovember 4, 1863. " Conclusion — November 20, 18G3. " Number of hours for labor per day — three. " Tools — two small knives.

" La patience sit amer, niais son fruit est doux." [Patience may be bitter, but its ruit is sweet.]

" By order of my six honorable confederates.

" T. HENEY HINES,

" Captain C. S. A."

REJOICINGS AT THE PROSPECT OP PEACE.

Such had been the success of our arms, in crushing the re- bellion, in the spring of 1805, that Governor Brough, by procla- mation, set apart Friday, April 14, the anniversary of the fall of Fort Sumter, as a day of thanksgiving. This proclamation was issued on Saturday, Aj)ril 8th. At ten o'clock, the next (Sunday) evening, our citizens were suddenly startled by the joyful peals of church bells. Then rockets were seen traversing the sky, and bonfires blazed in all directions. Crowds uijon crowds of excited people thronged to the state-house square. There it was announced that the rebel army under General Lee had surrendered. The booming of artillery ratified the news. The shouts of the people rang out on the midnight air. Houses were illuminated, while speeches were made, and songs and music wore away the hours until Monday morning dawned. It was indeed a thanksgiving, in anticipation of the one proclaimed by the governor.

The clangor of bells and the roar of cannon awoke the slum- bering city early on Friday morning. Soon the capital had donned her gala dress. A feu de joie of small arms but gave audible expression to the gladness that pervaded all hearts. At the appointed hour the churclies were thronged ; " the joyful sound of the gospel of peace " was hoard from the pulpit ; and anthems of praise ascended like incense before the throne of heaven.

80 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

In the afternoon, throngs of citizens from town and country, gathered at the east front of the Capitol, and were addressed by George M. Parsons, of this city, and afterward entertained with music by the Tod Barracks band. Addresses were also made by John Sherman, Dr. Dorsey, and Samuel Galloway. The poems of " Sheridan's Eide " and "Where 's Sherman?" were read by Evelyn Evans, the actor. The afternoon exercises were closed with music by the band, and the singing of a new and popular national song, entitled " Victory at Last." At six o'clock in the evening, an artillery salute and the sound of merry bells announced that thanksgiving day was drawing to a close.

The coming on of nightfall presented a grand and beautiful spectacle. Nearly the whole city was in a blaze of light. Not only were houses and other buildings illuminated, but lights shone from trees and other prominent objects ; while Chinese lanterns, Eoman candles, transparencies, and jets of gas flashed and gleamed on every side. Nothing could exceed in beauty and sublimity the circle of light on the dome of the state-house ; nothing could surpass the splendor of the illumination of the Opera-house block, or excel the variety and brilliancy of the transparencies and decorations that graced public offices, hotels, business houses, and private residences.

Crowning this grand illumination came the torchlight pro- cession, headed by the band of the Eighty-eighth Ohio regi- ment, preceding the orators of the evening, the State officia'ls, the general and staff ofticers of the army, the city council, and both branches of the State legislature, in carriaijes.

Then followed the 133d regiment, National Guards, with the permanent garrison at Toil Barracks, the paroled forces, the Veteran Reserve Corps in wagons, discharged soldiers, and the tire department, with gaily decorated carriages and truck, a deputation of colored citizens bringing up the rear. The pro- cession was nearly a mile in length, and during its march throuu'li the principal streets, cheer after cheer greeted its appearance.

The exercises at the state-house were opened M'ith nuisic bv the band. Speeches were then made by l\ev, A. G. Bvers, S. S. llenkle, Colonel Granville Moody, and J. 11, Geiger. " These were interspersed with the inspiring vocal music to which the

HISTORY, 1862 TO 1872. 81

war had given birth. A volley of musketry wound up the thanksgiving for victory won bj' the arms of the Eepublic.

PRESIDENT Lincoln's obsequies.

The news of President Lincoln's assassination reached the city at an early hour on Saturdaj" morning, April 15, 1865. Im- mediately the signs of a great public calamity became general. Places of business, private houses, and public buildings were draped in mourning. Flags were displayed at half-mast. The solemnity of the occasion was deepened by the gloom and dreari- ness of the day.

On Sunday the churches were arrayed in mourning, and the services within corresponded to these outward symbols of sor- row. On Sunday afternoon a large concourse of people, on the east front of the Capitol, was addressed by Colonel Granville Moody, while on the west front another large assembly listened to a discourse ft-om Eev. A. G. Byers. Military bands per- formed solemn dirges, while appropriate hymns were sung by full choirs.

The city council met at five p. m. on Sunday, pursuant to call. President Eeinhard stated that the object of the meeting was to express the abhorrence of the council for the recent diabolical act committed in the assassinatioii of the President of the United States.

On motion of Mr. Douty, a committee of nine — one from each ward — was appointed to draft resolutions expressive of the sen- timents of the council on that occasion. The committee con- sisted of Messrs. Douty, Donaldson, Graham, Thompson, Eein- hard, Jaeger, Eoss, Miller, and Naghten.

Mr. Douty, from the committee, reported the following preamble and resolutions, which were unanimously adopted — all the members being present and voting aye :

" For the first time in this country has our Chief Magistrate fallen by the hand of an assassin. Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, has thus fallen. For the first time with us, has the life of a cabinet minister been assailed. That crime that has cursed and blighted other lands has been inaugurated in this. That practice that ever has produced, and that, if un-

82 STUDEr's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

checked, ever must produce, first anarchy, and then despotism, has begun here. The example has been set of removing a magis- trate, not by the constitutionally expressed will of the people, but by murder. Let this examjjle grow into use, and thei-e will be an end of free government among us. There can be no true liberty where life is insecure.; there can be no stable or beneficent government where the dagger of an assassin over- throws or usurps the national will. To these general truths of vital importance to society, the occasion presents other and most painful reflections. In the midst of the universal rejoicings over the success of our arms and the prosj^ects of peace, the Chief Magistrate, during whose administration the rebellion had been crushed, and from whose power, influence, and patri- otism, the most sanguine hopes of a speedy pacification were entertained, has been violently taken from our midst. The banners, that yesterday morning jjroudly and joyously floated from the mast-head, now hang in the drapery and gloom of mourning ; and where lately universal gratulations were ex- changed, there are now seen and heard universal greetings of sorrow.

" In this most painful hour of a nation's distress, it is most meet and proper that all oflicial bodies and all citizens should solemnly express their abhorrence of the deeds of murder that have caused this distress; that they should deter, by their unanimit)-, a repetition of such deeds, and should manifest clearly to the world that the people of these States are not, and do not mean to be, involved in the horroi-s of anarchy, and that they will never give up the blessings of law, order, and free government. And it is also meet and becoming that the sym- pathy of the nation fi)r the bereaved family of the late Presi- dent, and for the surviving and suffering victims of llie trai;-edv, should be expressed.

"Be it therefore resolred Inj the Citij Couneil of the Citi/ of Col II minis:

" 1. Tliat tills couneil and the people of Columbus view with abhorrence the ileeds of murder that have deprived the countrv of its President, and have eudangereil the lives of the Secretary and A.ssistant Secretary of Stale,

HISTORY, 1862 TO 1872. 88

" 2. That this council and the people of this city most deeply deplore the death of President Lincoln, and regard it as a great public calamity ; and hereby tender their eincerest sympathy to his bereaved and afflicted family.

" 3. That we desire, on this solemn occasion, to place upon record our appreciation of the high and commanding qualities of the late President Lincoln, as a man of integrity, and a patriot statesman ; one who labored for what he deemed to be the honor and best interests of his country — who united mild- ness and kindness of heart with firmness of purpose, and whose character on the whole fitted him peculiarly for the great work of pacification and reconciliation upon which he had entered. " 4. That the warm sympathy of this council and community is felt for the suffering Secretary and Assistante Scretary of State.

" 5. That a committee of nine of the council (one from each ward) be appointed to act in conjunction with such committees as may be ajjpointed by the State authorities, and the citizens gen- erally, to make suitable preparations for the reception of the remains of the late President, should they be conveyed through this city.

" 6. That copies of these resolutions be transmitted by the president of the council to Mrs. Lincoln and Mr. Seward."

A general meeting of the citizens of Columbus was held at the City Hall, on Tuesday, April 19th. Samuel Galloway pre- sided as chairman, and H. T. Chittenden acted as secretary. L. J. Critchfield" George M. Parsons, C. E". Olds, B. P. Martin, and Peter Ambos were apipointed a committee on resolutions, who rejjorted a series of resolutions, denouncing, in strong language, the infamous crime that had been committed at the National Caj^ital, eulogizing the late President, and recommend- ing the closing of places of business in the city during the funeral at Washington, on the succeeding day. The resolutions were unanimously adopted. A committee of nine — consisting ofW. G. Deshler, David S. Gray, J. E. St. Clair, W. Failing, Isaac Eberly, Eev. K. Mees, L. Kilbourne, C. P. L. Butler, and Dr. S. Loving — was appointed to co-operate with the city council

84 STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

committee in regard to the reception of the remains of the late President.

Tlie several lodges, and tlie Encampment of the Independent-- Order of Odd Fellows ii; the city — Columbus Lodge, ISTo. 9 ; Central Lodge, No. 23 ; Excelsior Lodge, ISTo. 145 ; Capitol Lodge, No. 334 ; Harmonia Lodge, 'No. 358 ; Capitol Encamp- ment, No. 6 ; Grand Lodge of Ohio and Visiting Lodges — held an adjourned meeting at the City Hall, on the 28th of April, and adopted resolutions reported by a committee appointed at a pre- vious meeting, expressing profound regret at the recent great national calamity ; tendering warm sympathy to the bereaved family of the late President, and ordering that the hall of the several lodges and encanip)ments in this city be suitably draped in mourning for a period of thirty days.

Arrangements were accordingly made by these committees for a military and civic procession, for a funeral oration, and other ceremonies, at the Cajjitol, on the 29th of April, when, as had been announced, the funeral train, with the remains of the President, would arrive at Columbus at half-past seven o'clock in the morning. Major John W. Skiles was apjiointed chief marshal of the day, with numerous aids. The following citizens were selected to act as i^all-bearers on the solemn occasion : Dr. John Andrews, Robert Neil, P. C. Kelton, John Field, Augustus Piatt, Christian Heyl, E. W. Gwynne, W. B, Hubbard, Judge Taylor, John Brooks, W. B. Thrall. D. W. Leshler, L. Goodale, J. E. Swan, AV. T. Martin, Wm. M. Awl, G. W. Manypenny, John M. Walcutt, P. Stewart, John Noble, F. Jaeger, Sen., and Amos S. Ramsey.

On the morning of the day appointed, the funeral train ar- rived amid the ringing of muttled bells. Passing forward ti-om the Union Depot, the train stopped so that the funeral car lay nearly across High street. An immense tlu-ong had assembled at the depot. Bands of music played solemn dirges while the cutlin was taken from the car by Teteran Eeserves and placed in the hearse.

The procession was grand and impressive. The hearse was the great center of attraction. All along the line of march people strove to get as near it as possible. It was seventeen feet long,

HISTORY, 1862 TO 1872. 85

eight and a half wide, and eleven and a half feet high. The main platform was four feet from the ground. On this rested a dais for the coffin, over which was a canopy resembling a Chi- nese pagoda in shape. Black cloth, festooned, depended from the platform, fringed with silver lace, and ornamented with tas- sels of black silk. Surrounding the cornice of the canopy were thirty -six silver stars, and on the apex and the four corners were heavy black plumes. On each side of the dais was the word " Lincoln" in silver letters.

The hearse was drawn by six white horses, covered with black cloth, edged with silver fringe. The horses' heads were sur- mounted with large black plumes ; and each was led by a groom dressed in black. The coffin lay on the dais, in the hearse, in full view of the people, who crowded every window, balcony, house-top, and every inch of sidewalk on each side of High street.

Among the various orders and societies in the procession, the fire department of the city, with the neat uniforms of the offi- cers and men, the fine condition of the steamers and hose-carts, and esi^ecially the decorated car filled with forty-two young ladies in deep mourning, elicited general admiration.

The procession moved ft-om the depot south on High street to Broad, east on Broad to Fourth, south on Fourth to State, east on State to Seventh, south on Seventh to Town, west on Town to High, and north on High to the west front of the Capitol. Along the whole line, public buildings, dwellings, shops, stores, and other places of business were tastefully, yet mournfully, decorated. Some had very appropriate mottoes and designs.

An arch over the western entrance to Capitol Square bore the inscription, " Ohio mourns." The columns at the west front and the interior of the Capitol Avere heavily draped with black cloth ; and various devices and inscriptions testified the public sorrow.

The procc&sion entered the Capitol from the western gateway to the square, and j^roceeded to the rotunda, which, from the em- blems of mourning on every hand, seemed for the time trans- formed into a gorgeous tomb. On a platform, ascended by five stairs or steps, was the dais beautifully ornamented and fes-

86 STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

tooned, on which the coffin was placed, on a bed of white roses, immortelles, and orange blossoms.

Prayer was offered in the rotunda by the Eev. C. E. Felton, and the people walked without noise upon a carpet to the cata- falque ; passing by twos on each side of the coffin, viewing the remains and passing out — those on the right at the south, and those on the left turning to the north. It was found hj actual count that over eight thousand persons passed in and out every hour, from half-past nine till four o'clock, so that, making all due allowances, it was estimated that the remains were viewed that day by over fifty thousand people.

In the afternoon a funeral oration was delivered by Job Ste- venson, then of Chillicothe, before a large concoui-se of peojjle gathered in the east terrace of the Capitol. At six o'clock in the evening, the doors of the Capitol were closed, the procession was reformed, a national salute was fired, and the remains of President Lincoln were borne away and transferred to the funeral car at the depot of the Indiana Central Eailway, for transportation to Indianaj)oli8.

THE SAENGERBUND FESTIVAL.

At the general convention of the first German Sacngerbund of North America, held at Buftalo, July 25, 1860, it was resolved to hold the next festival of the Bund at Columbus, Ohio. But the sad events of a civil war transpiring in the meantime, were unpropitious to the holding of a musical jubilee. It was there- fore postponed. But in the spring of 1865, the dark clouds of war having become dispersed, the central committee determined to hold the festival in this city on the 29th. 30th, and 31st of August, and the Ist of September.

In consequence of this resolution, a large meeting of citizens of Columbus, both native and foreign born, was held, ;Mav 12, 1865, to make arrangements for the coming festival. PeterAm- bos was chosen President; James G. Bull, Vice-President- Henry Olnhausen, Corresponding Secretary ; Louis Foster! Treasurer; and ten others, to constitute an Executive Com- mittee. Committees were also appointed on Finance, on Pie-

HISTORY, 1862 TO 1872. gr

nics and Buildings, on Decorations and Processions, and on Hotel Accommodations.

T'or several weeks before the time appointed for the festi- val, OTir citizens, German and native, were busy in making preparations. These, as the day drew nearer, began to take form and shape. At the headquarters — Schreiner's Hall, oppo- site the Court-house — the large reception room in the second story was decorated with wreaths and fringes of evergreen, and with the flags of the twenty -eight singing societies that had sig- nified their intention of participating in the festival. Inscrip- tions, surrounded with evergreen wreaths, contained the name of and a welcome to each society. The front of the building was wreathed with arches of evergreen, and over the main en- trance was inscribed, in large letters, the word — " WELCOME."

In the same general manner, but with an endless variety in the devices, mottoes, and ornamentation, were decorated Wen- ger's and Zettler's halls, the headquarters of the Columbus Maen- nerchor in Hettesheimer's building on Front street, the South Fire Engine House, and numerous business houses, hotels, and private residences. A splendid arch, on which wreaths of evergreen surmounted festoons of red, white, and blue, was thrown across High street, in the depression or hollow south of South Public Lane.

On the day of the reception, Tuesday, August 29, flags were displayed from almost every building in the central j)ortion of the city. The American red, white, and blue was intermingled and blended with the old German black, red, and gold. Flags, arches, and circlets of evergreens and flowers, and emblematic devices and mottoes, were to be met on every hand.

People thronged the streets, as if in anticipation of some great event. During the day sixteen or seventeen singing societies arrived, and were escorted to the headquarters at Schreiner's Hall, by the band of the Eighteenth regiment. United States infantry.

The reception concert took place at the Opera House, in the evening. After an overture, James G. Bull, mayor of the city, made an address of welcome to the Saengerbund. A flag was then presented to the Saengerbund, on behalf of the German ladies of the city. It was made in New York city, and cost

STUDER S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

On the white side of the flag, a magnificent embroidered eagle spread his wings over a lyre ; beneath the lyre, in a book of sheet music, was seen the song, " Stand firm, my country," etc. The whole was surrounded by grapes and grape leaves, with stars over the lyre, representing the societies particij^ating in the festival. The inscription in violet-colored German letters, was as follows, " First German Saengerbund of !N"orth America, founded June 2, 1849." The other side, of blue silk, bore the inscription — " Donated by the German ladies of Columbus, Ohio, at the Thirteenth Union Festival, August 29, 1865."

The presentation address was made by Miss Frederika Theobald, on behalf of the lady donors. The flag was received, in behalf of the Saengerbund, and the reception address made in German, by Otto Dressel. of this city.

The concert then proceeded. It consisted of instrumental music hj the orchestra, and vocal music by the Columbus Maennerchor, and the Maennerchor Ladies' Club. The large audience gave frequent manifestations of appiroval and admira- tion.

The next evening (Wednesday, August 30), the grand con- cert of the Saengerbund took jjlaee at the Opera House. It was estimated that, apart from the singers, there were twelve or fifteen hundred persons present. On the platform in the rear of the stage, there was an array of about foiu- hundred singers, belonging to the different societies taking part in the festival. Said a reporter who was present at the concert : " It would be presumption in one unskilled in musical criticism to attempt a descriptioTi of an entertainment, which at times seemed to elec- trify the immense audience, and aftorded wonderful specimens of the compass, variety, and harmony Avhich the human voice may attain, and of its overpowering effect with Imndreds of cul- tivated singers in full concert."

The ]n-ize Concert took ]ilace at the Opera House, on Thurs- day evening, belbre another immense assemblage. In this musical tournament, if we may so term it, the different sino;ing societies contended for the prizes that had been offered. The judges were H. M. Groenland (founder of the Xorth American Saengerbund), Professor Nothnagel, Karl Schoppolroi, Emil

HISTORY, 1852 TO 1862.

89

90 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

Foerster, and Karl Spohr. There "were trsvelve firizes in all — the first was awarded to the Cincinnati Maennerchor, and the second to the I^ew York Liederkranz.

Friday, September 1, was the closing day of the Saengerfest. Early in the morning an immense concourse of people, number- ing many thousands, assembled at the west front of the Capitol. The diiierent singing societies, with their banners waving and bands playing, met at that point, and thence a grand proces- sion was formed for a picnic in the City Park, in the southern part of the city. From a large platform erected on the grounds, speeches were made by Dr. J. Eberhardt, of "Wheeling, in German, and E. B. Warden, of Columbus, in English. Then followed a superb banquet, songs, toasts, speeches, and general hilarity. In the evening, after the dis- tribution of the prizes awarded to the different societies, a grand ball took place at Wenger and Zettler's halls, a com- munication having been established between the two halls, so as to unite them as one. Capacious as they were, these halls were densely crowded. Music and dancing formed the finale of the grand festival.

GENEBAL GRANTS VISIT.

At a meeting of the city council, on the evening of September 18, 1865, on motion of Mr. Donaldson, a committee, consisting of Mayor James G-. Bull, G. Douty (who was then president of the council), George M. Parsons, A. G. Thurman, Joseph E. Swan, Peter Ambos, and Thomas Lough, was appointed to ex- tend an invitation to U. S. Grant. Lieutenant-General of the "United States, to visit the capital of Ohio, his native State, and accept the hospitalities of the city of Columbus. Messrs. Buttles, Donaldson, Boss. Stauring, and Patterson were also appointed a committee to make arrangements for the reception of General Grant, should he accept the invitation.

The invitation was accepted, and Tuesday, the 3d day of October, was set apart for the proposed visit. At an early hour of that day the city put on her holiday attire. By noon the state-house _yard and the streets were thronged with expectant peo]ile. At one o'clock, the boom of cannon announced the

HISTORY, 1862 TO 1872. 91

arrival of the general at the depot. Thence a procession moved to the west front of the Capitol, in the following order ; Band of the Eighteenth U. S. infantry ; General Grant, family, and staff, in carriages ; Governor Anderson and Ex-Governor Tod ; Mayor Bull and the city council ; military officers, members of the press, cit)' fire department, and citizens in carriages.

"When the procession reached the west gate of Capitol Square, a novel and interesting spectacle was presented. The whole western facade of the state-house was lined with pupils from the public schools, attended by their teachers, and displaying flags and bouquets. The procession passed into the state-house, where the general had a formal reception in the governor's room. He was then conducted to the west front of the Capitol, and intro- duced by Mayor Bull, in a neat and appropriate address, to the assembled multitude. The general replied, expressing his grati- fication at his warm reception, but declining any attempt at speech-making. General Grant then re-entered the state-house, amid the cheers of the assembly outside, and held a levee in the rotunda, the people passing him in double column, and many having the pleasure of shaking him by the hand. After this ceremonj", the general and staff were escorted, by the committee, to the asylums for the blind and for the deaf and dumb.

At about four o'clock, a dinner or banquet was given General Grant and part}"- at the ISTeil House. There were present about three hundred citizens, including some of the prominent men of the State. After the dinner. Governor Anderson, with an appropriate speech, introduced the general, who made his usual brief response. Speeches were then made by Governor Tod, Samuel Galloway, and General Joseph H. Geiger. The following toast, proposed by General Geiger, was di-ank standing and in silence, " The Memory of the Illustrious Dead of the War."

In the evening. General Grant and party visited the opera house, which was crowded with people more curious to see him than to witness the plays. That night General Grant took his departure for Pittsburg.

92 STUDEk's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

EELICS OF THE PAST.

On the morning of July 14, 1868, a fire broke out in a build- ing on the northeast corner of High and Eich streets, owned by Dr. Aikin, and at that time occupied by H. H. Witte, as a drug- store, and previously by Denig & Son, druggists. The first, second, and third stories of the building were burnt out, and both the lessee and the owner were heavy losers.

In repairing the building, about two months afterward, the workmen found a zinc-box, containing a pamphlet, entitled Pranklin County Register, by "\Ym. T. Martin, comjH'ising a list of the civil officers that served in the county after its organi- zation, until 1834, from representatives in Congress to justices of the peace ; a brief history of the settlement of the county, and a list of the princii^al State officers, printed hy Scott & Wright, in 1834 ; a coi>y of the Ohio Annual Eegister for 1835, published by Gilbert & Brj-an ; copies of the several papers published in this city in April, 1835 ; copies of the Western In- telligencer of 1811 and 1812, imblished at Worthington, by Buttles & Smith ; and other documents — all in good preserva- tion.

One of the -\vi-itten documents, dated August 27, 1835, con- tained the following interesting statements, couched in these words :

" This house is now building in place of a Avooden house which was burnt down on the night of the 4th of April last, belonging to J. Buttles, who is yet the owner of the premises. He is also a merchant of this place, and established the first store in it in 1813. The writer of this resided seven years in the building formerly occupying this ground. There" are six places of the public worsliip of God in this city, viz : 1 Presby- terian, built in 1831 ; 1 Episcopal, built in 1S33 ; 1 Lutheran (Gorman) ; 1 Baptist ; 1 Methodist ; 1 African ^colored people)

"Attest: Matthew Matthews."

Dr. Aikin replaced these relies in the new wall, which it be- came necessary fur hin\ to build in repairing the buildino;, together with a description of the city, the nuniber of places of public worship, public buildings, etc.

HISTORY, 1862 TO 1872. 93

RAILROAD CONDUCTORS CONVENTION.

Tlie second annual convention of railroad conductors of the United States was held at Ambos' Hall, October 20 and 21, 1869. It was composed ot delegates from the United States Eailroad Conductors' Life Insurance Company. An annual ad- dress was delivered by George B. Wright, commissioner of rail- roads and telegraphs for the State of Ohio. A constitution and by-laws were adopted ; the organization to be known as the " United States Eailroad Conductors' Life Insurance Com- pany." A president and other officers were elected. The presi- dent elect was James Marshall, of the ISTew York and Harlem road. The convention enjoyed a fine banquet at the Neil House on the evening of the second and last day of its session.

THE HUMBOLDT JUBILEE.

The centennial anniversary of the birth of Alexander von Humboldt was celebrated in Columbus, on the 14th of Septem- ber, 1869. At an early hour the city was gayly decorated with flags, banners, and evergreens. A grand procession, consisting of military companies, the fire department, and various bene- ficial and musical societies, principally German, paraded the principal streets, headed by Hemcrsbach's band. The proces- sion disbanded at the Opera House, which was densely filled by an assembly of citizens. An opening address was made in both English and German, by Henry Olnhausen, president of the day. A letter was then read by Colonel Henry B. Carring- ton from Joseph Sullivant, who had been appointed to deliver an address on the occasion.

Eev, C. Heddaeus was introduced and delivered a learned dis- sertation in German on the life and character of Humboldt. Ho was followed byB. E. White, who spoke on the same theme. The exercises were enlivened with singing and instrumental music by the various musical societies, and made the entertain- ment a grand jubilee in memory of one of the most illustrious men of modern times.

i,l4 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

THE GERMAN PEACE CELEBRATION.

Seldom has a finer displa3- been made in our city than that on the 1st daj' of May, 1871, when our German fellow-citizens celebrated the restoration of peace to fatherland. At six o'clock in the morning, the festivities were ushered in by an artillery salute of twenty-five guns. The whole city, but more esfiecially the southern and central jDortions, assumed the habiliments and gayety of a Maj^ queen. There was a large revolving wheel in front of Ambos' Hall representing the German national col- ors. There was a triple arch of honor at the entrance to the Citj^ Park — the center one being for the passage of vehicles, and those on the sides for pedestrians.

The difterent societies intending to participate in the exer- cises of the day met at their respective halls ; other citizens at their headquarters, at Schreiner's Hall, opposite the court-house. In that vicinity a procession was formed under Dr. 0. Zirckle as chief marshal, with five assistant marshals, each in charge of a division,

The procession moved through the principal streets to the City Park. Some of its noticeable features were : ■• Peaceful Germania," a wagon drawn by six white horses, each led by a page ; Germania on the throne, in the attire of the German em- peror; on each side a girl representing peace and liberty; around this group the German representatives of art, science, technics, and commerce, as Johannes Kepler, born December 27, 1571, called the father of modern astronomy, and celebrated for the discovery of the laws of planetary motion known as "Kepler's laws;" Uprecht Durer, born May 20, 1471, the ibundor of the German school of jiainters ; Johannes Gutten- berg, born in Mainz, in llJilo, claimed as the father of modern printing by the discovery of the use of movable types ; Fuiiio-er, of Augsburg, of the fifteenth century, who began, like Eoths- child, a poor linen-woaver, and became a millionaire — his imme- diate descendants having at their command almost the entire (.■oniiiu'i'ce of the world.

'I'hcro were also wagons re]iresenting the difl^'erent mechanical ]uirsuits, with workmen actively engaged at their respective

history; 1862 to 1872. 95

trades, as bakers, carpenters, car-builders, fence-makers, boiler- makers, etc.

At the City Park an immense assemblage gathered around the speakers' stand, from which speeches were made by Gov- ernor Hayes, Prince Alexander von Lynar, Henry Olnhansen, Dr. E. Wirth, J. H. Heitman, and Dr. J. Wechsler. Between the addresses there were musical interludes by the bands and singing societies. The day's festivities were closed by grand displays of fireworks, and a dance at Turner Hall.

CHICAGO RELIEF.

In pursuance of a call issued by the mayor, a meeting of citi- zens was held at the Opera House, on the afternoon of October 9, 1871, to aid in the relief of the sutterers by the terrible fire at Chicago. The mayor presided at the meeting. P. W. Hunt- ington, Dr.W. E. Ide, and General George B. Wright, were ap- pointed a committee to obtain contributions ; and William G. Deshler, a treasurer to receive funds contributed. Subscrip- tions were made on the spot to the amount of $10,430. The following gentlemen subscribed a thousand dollars each ; Will- iam Dennison, William G. Deshler, George M. Parsons, A. G. Thurman, Benjamin E. Smith, H. J. Jewett, and the firm of B. S. & W. C. Brown.

The committee and treasurer appointed by the meeting were charged with the duty of disbursing these funds. A committee of two from each of the nine wards was appointed to solicit fur- ther aid.

A meeting of ladies was held the next day at the First Pres- byterian Church for a similar purpose. Mrs. J. M. McKee pre- sided, and Mrs. Huston filled the place of secretary. The city was divided into five districts, and committees of ladies ap- pointed to solicit aid in each. A purchasing committee was also appointed to expend a thousand dollars set apart for buying ma- terials to be manufactured into clothing ; and ladies desiring to extend a helping hand were invited to meet that day in the sec- ond story of Hayden's new building on Broad street.

On the 14th of October following, Mr. Deshler, the treasurer, reported total collections to the relief fund to that date, amount-

96

STUDER S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

ing to §13,966. Several subscriptions ^vere still unpaid, and several collection committees had not rejaorted. Besides, large amounts of provisions and clothing had been sent forward by the enterprise and liberality of individual citizens on their own account.

Peter Uatluvn's building, on Br,.:,d slroet, opposite Ciipilol Squ:.ro, erected in U69, lias » front of 63 feet on liroad sireet, and is 125 feet deep. It is four stories liigli, witli a basement of ten feet in deptli.

The front is of free-stone and is of a browu eolor. The buildinij has a eentor projection, heavily wronght quoins at tlie angles, arch-headed doors and windows, a heavy molded drop course at c ich slorv, and the whole crowned by a massive bracketed cornice, Eacli window in front on the first floor is of Ficneh plate glass, one light, in size live feel bv ten.

The rooms on the first floor are fifteen feet high. Each room is jirovidcd in the back part with a strong liro-proof vault, with boiler iron, in whieh to place a burglar-proof safe.

GROWTH anh pkospects. 97

CHAPTBE VII.

COLUMBUS ITS GROWTH AND PROSPECTS.

Columbus is pleasantly situated on each side of the Scioto river, but principally on the eastern side. It is 70 miles from the outlet of the Scioto into the Ohio river, 110 miles northeast of Cincinnati, and 350 miles from Washington City. It is in latitude 39° 57' north, and longitude 83° 3' west from Greenwich.

Columbus is the third city in Ohio, in point of size and im- portance, j-ielding in these respects only to Cincinnati and Cleveland. It is laid out on the rectangular plan. In its pub- lic and private edifices, in the improvement of its streets and parks, and in its general appearance, there is a skillful blending of beauty with utility, and of uniformity with variety.

The object that first strikes the ej'e of the visitor on entering the heart of the city is the Capitol, or, in familiar language, the State House. Ko other building of the kind on this continent rivals it in size, except the National Capitol at Washington. It is a noble structure, 184 feet wide by 304 feet long, covering, with its terraces and steps, over two acres of ground. The gray limestone with which it is built gives it the ajipearance of a marble structure. To the chaste and elegant outside of the edi- fice, the interior corresponds in the fitness of its arrangements, and in the beauty, solidity, and finish of the materials and workmanship.

Columbus also presents its large, well-built, and well-regulated Penitentiary, its spacious and elegant Asylums, its City Hall, its churches, the Medical College, Capitol University, its fine Public School buildings, its hotels and large blocks for stores and business houses, and, above all, its extensive and flourishing furniture, iron, and other manufacturing establishments, as attestations of the spirit and energy of its citizens, and as proofs of the advantages it offers to men of capital and enteri^risc.

ISTot many j-ears ago, it was a common sa^'ing, that Columbus owed its existence and all its importance to the State capital

98 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

and the State institutions located within its limits. But its j^rogress of late years has proved the falsity of all such asser- tions, and silenced the tongue of slander. 'Now, instead of de- crying Columbus, it is becoming the fashion to laud its thrift and enterprise. Those who are most familiar with the gro'wiih and prospects of our cities, do not hesitate to declare that no city in the State is making more real, substantial progress than Columbus, and that in no other are the prosp)ects of futiu-e growth and prosperity better assured.

INCREASE IN EXTENT OF TEKEITORT.

Within a few years, the raj^id increase of our pojiulation and our advance in manufacturing and other enterprises, has com- pelled a corresi^onding extension of our corporate limits. Pre- vious to 1863, the city occupied an area of 1.100 acres. By an annexation of territory that year, its area was increased 1,600, making a total area of 2,700 acres. Eight years afterward, or in 1871, its corporate limits were enlarged by the annexation of territory taken from the surrounding townships, as follows : From Montgomery and Franklin townships, 2,740 acres ; and from Clinton township, 1,312 — making an addition of 4,052 acres, and increasing the whole area of the city to 6,752 acres,. This makes Columbus over six times larger in extent of territory than it was in 1863, and two and a half times larger than it was in 1871,

Still, it is so surrounded on all sides — east, west, north, and south

by an almost unlimited extent of level land suitable for huildinc purposes, that, before the close of the present century, its area nuij' exceed that of an ordinary county,

INCRE.VSE OF POrrLATION.

Pojiiilation of Columbus, by Wards, from 1850 to 1870, 1850.

■\Vartl8. Wliitc. Coloriul.

Columbus 16,60.5 1,277

1st \Vi\ra 3,325 477

2d " 2,443 276

3(1 " 3,091 187

4tii " 4,019 ion

5tli " 3,727 22S

1S60.

Wnrils. White. Colored.

Columbus 17,557 997

Ist Ward 4,522 503

2'1 " 2,444 140

3d ■' 2,661 77

4th

3,36, S5

.'itli " 4,563 192

GROWTH AND PUOSPECTS. 99

1870.

Wards. Total. Native. >\ir(igii. A^hife. Colored.

Columbus 31,274 23,663 7,611 9,427 1,847

1st Wwrd 3,045 2,400 645 2,836 209

2d " 2,621 2,267 354 2,386 235

3d " 2,575 2,217 358 2,451 124

4th " 3,671 2,957 714 3,451 220

5lh " 3,849 2,614 1,235 3,598 251

6tb " 4,728 2,899 1,829 4,672 56

7th " 3,025 2.315 710 2,950 75

8th " 4,361 3,425 936 3,710 651

9th " 3,399 2,569 830 3,373 26

Sixty years ago, or at the time Columbus was laid out as a town in 1812, it was an almost unbroken forest, with no human inhabitants resident within its limits. Three years afterward, or in 1815, its population was seven hundred. By the federal census, it was, in 1820, 1,450 ; in 1830, 2,437 ; in 1840, 6,048 ; in 1850, 17,882 ; in 1860, 18,554; and in 1870, 31,274,

The increase from 1820 to 1830 was 987, making 70 per cent. ; from 1830 to 1840, it was 3,611, making 150 per cent. ;' from 1840 to 1850, it was 11,834, making nearly 200 per cent. ; from 1850 to 1860, it was only 772 ; and from 1860 to 1870, the increase was 12,720, being over 70 per cent..

' During the decennial period from 1850 to 1860, Columbus had a severe attack of the western emigration fever, which, with other causes, tended to keep down the increase of population to a low figure. But it revived in the next ten years, nothwith- standing that period included the war, in which she lost many of her young and stalwart sons.

Of the total population in 1850 — 17,882 — 16,605 were white, and 1,277 colored; of the total in 1860 — 18.554 — 17,557 were white, and 997 colored ; and of the whole population in 1870 — 31,274 — 23,663 were of native, and 7,611 of foreign birth ; 29,427 were white, and 1,847 colored.

The total population of Franklin countj-, in 1820, was 10,172; in 1860, it was 50,361, and in 1870, 63,019, The proportion of the population of Columbus to that of the whole county was, in 1820, about one-seventh ; in 1860, about three-eighths, and in 1870, nearly one-half

The total vote cast in Columbus, for Governor, at the State election in October, 1871, was 5.415.

100 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

The total vote for Secretary of State cast in Columbus, in Oc- tober, 1872, was 6,668.

The total vote for President of the United States cast in Columbus, in November, 1872, was 7,310.

The following important statistical statement is taken from the Daily Ohio State Journal, December 7, 1872 :

GROWTH OF CITIES.

Estimates from Election Returns of the Pojnilation of Twenty- nine Cities and Towns of Ohio.

The presidential election returns open a tield for speculation on the growth of cities and towns of Ohio since the census of 1870. Belciw will be found a tabulation, in which estimates of present population are based on the calcuhition that for every voter there arc six inhabitants. This ratio is generally considered a little high, and we presume a diligent comparison of the vote of 1870 and the census of the same "year would show less than six in- habitants for every voter, in a majority of the cities and towns in the State. But in some eases the ratio was six — in Columbus it was very nearly that figure — and in others it was greater. Multiplying the presidential vote, by a less number than six, would show a decrease in population in a number of places where the popular idea, based on convincing outward evidences of prosperity, is that there has been considerable growth. The variation in ratio would ^^erhaps seem to argue the unreliability of election returns as a basis on which to estimate population, but at the same time they present the only opportunity we have of applying the logic of tigures to present population, and it may be thej' will come as near striking the truth as some loosely taken census statistics.

For jnirposes of comparison the ratio of six is just as good as any other, and we ailopt it. No account is taken of annex- ation. Some of the cities mentioned in the table annexed terri- tory before the census of 1870, and some since ; but as annexa- tion is usually a natural result of legimate growth, we do not perceive any necessity for striking differences on that score. Of course those annexations which are nierely consolidations (^as in the case of Zanesville and PiitnanO should be excepted from the proposition.

In the table which follows, the first column shows po]iulation by the census of 1870; the second column shows the total vote lor ])rcsident in 1872; the third column shows ]n'esent population (ascertained by multi])lying the total vote by six), and the fourth cohiinn shows the increase of population since 1870, except in

GROWTH AND PROSPECTS. 101

the case of Cincinnati, "wliere the election returns indicate a de- crease :

Pop. 1870. Vote 1873. Pop. 1872. Inc.

Cincinnati 216,239 35,471 212,826 *■

Cleveland 92,829 15,547 93.282 453

Toledo 31,584 5,796 34,776 3,192

Columbus 31,174 7,362 44,172 12,898

Dayton 30,473 6,643 39,858 9,385

Sundusky 13,000 2,172 13,032 32

Springfield 12,652 2,774 16,644 3,992

Hamilton 11,081 2,099 12,594 1,513

Portsmouth 10,592 1,881 11,286 694

Zanesvillet 10,011 3,049 18,294 8,283

Akron 10,006 2,286 13,716 3,710

Cbillicothe 8,920 1,899 11,394 2,474

Canton 8,660 1,800 10,800 2,140

Steubenville 8,107 2,115 12,690 4,583

Youns^ftown 8,075 1,574 9,444 1,369

Mansfield 8,029 1,725 10,350 2,321

^"ewark 6,698 1,616 9,696 2,998

Xcnia 6,377 1,325 7,950 1,573

Piqua 5,967 1,295 7,770 1,803

Iionton 5,686 1,392 8,352 2,666

Tiffin 5,648 1,272 7,632 1,984

Delaware 5,641 1,458 8,748 3,107

Wooster 5,419 1,192 7,152 1,733

Circleville 5,407 1,204 7,224 1,817

JIas.Mllon 5,185 1,077 6,462 1,277

Mt. Vernon 4,876 1,124 6,744 tl,668

Lancaster 4,725 1,198 7,188 2,463

Urbana 4,276 1,029 6,174 1,898

Gallipolis 3,711 659 3,954 243

*Decrease 3,413.

tThe increase in ZanesviUe is partially owing to the recent annexation of Putnam and suburbs.

The vote shows that Columhus is undoubtedly the third city of the State, in population. This place we should have held under the census of 1870, if our county commissioners had not skillfully put off, until just after the census was taken, the an- nexation of a populous suburban district, which would have added a population variously estimated at from 1,500 to 3,000. Deduct whatever number may properly represent the popu- lation of this district at the time of annexation, and the rest of our large increase is the legimate expression of the growth of the citj^ in two years. Oui" citizens themselves are the persons most surprised by the evidences of this growth which have s])rung up almost without their knowledge, all around them. You can not do anything that will astonish an old citizen more

102 ' STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

than to catch him up and show him about tlie suburbs, and open his eyes to the large number of new buildings added to the city in the last year. And this notwithstanding the fact that the newsj^apers have time and again called attention to it, and attracted the attention of wide-awake newspapers and capitalists from distant jjarts.

The present population of Columbus is not, by the lowest estimate, less than thirty-five thousand — double its number in 1860. This doubling of the population has taken place during a period in which war and other depressing causes operated greatly to the disadvantage of the city. Now, there is an almost absolute certainty that our population will hereafter in- crease in a far greater ratio. The furnaces, rolling mills, and the manufacturing establishments about to be located in the city and its immediate vicinity, the increased railroad facilities soon to be opened up to the great coal and iron fields, and the business and commercial houses that must neccessarily be added to those already in existence, can not fi\il to double our popula- tion in five years, and may treble it by the time another federal census is taken.

INCREASE OF BUILDINGS.

Not only in population, biit in other respects, Columbus has grown, and is growing, with a rapidity seldom exceeded. Be- sides the State-house and the State institutions, it had. a decade or two ago, but few public or private buildings which could be pointed out as monuments of taste, wealth, or enterprise. While the State has improved its buildings in and around the city, our citizens have erected a city hall, school buildings, churches, and other public buildings, as well as private residences, that rival similar structures in the most populous cities in the country. These edifices are steadily increasing in number and impor- tance.

The report of Henry Ueinmiller, chief engineer of the fire department, shows that, from A]n'il 1, 1S70, to March 15, 1S71, nineteen buildings were erected in the First ward, seven in the Second, seven in the Third, nineteen in the Fourth, twenty-one in the Fifth, fifloen in the Sixth, five in the Seventh, twenty-six in the Eighth, and thirty-two in the Ninth ; making a total of

GROWTH AND PROSPECTS. 103

one hundred and fifty-one. Eighteen of the new buildings were business houses ; two, public school-houses ; and one, the City Hall. The greater portion of these new structures were large and substantial buildings.

By the last rej)ort of the same engineer, the number of new buildings erected in the city during the year ending March 31, 1872, was as follows : Twenty-seven one-story brick houses, one hundred and twenty-seven two-story brick houses, ten three-story brick houses, eight four-.story brick houses, twenty- five one-story frame houses, thirty-eight two-story frame houses ; making a total of two hundred and twenty -five houses built during the year.

These statistics of new buildings, though suggestive of rapid j)rogress, otfer in reality only a partial index to the strides our city is taking in commercial and manufacturing importance. A steady advance has been made in the architecture of our jjublic buildings, while many business houses and j)rivate resi- dences vie v,nth the public edifices in convenience and elegance of style and finish. In the taste and skill displayed in its private and public edifices, Columbus has shown itself worthy of the position it holds as the State capital.

THE GENERAL PROSPECT.

It has been sometimes said by carping and envious persons that there was no vitality in Columbus, save what it obtained through State patronage. But such assertions have boon, within the last few years, proven to be not onlj- false, but utterly groundless. Hailroads have been built, aud are in progress, placing us in direct and immediate connection with immense coal and iron fields, making rich districts tributary to the up- building and prosperity of our city. Actual and gratifying ex- periments made, and now making, have demonstrated the fact that Columbus offers superior inducements for the establish- ment of large manufactories and commercial houses. It is a truth that large and jirosperous manufacturing establishments are now in operation in the city, or its immediate vicinity, of whose existence some of our intelligent residents know little or nothing. Our progress in manufactures aud trade has, within

104 STUDER'S COLTTMBUS, OHIO.

the last three years, been surin-ising, and wholly unexampled in our former history.

There is, notwithstanding the recent increase of new struc- tures, a constant demand for more buildings, for both residences and business purposes. Eents are liigh, owing to this demand. Among other enterprises, that of investing capital in new build- ings in Columbus promises to yield handsome returns. We have ample room to accommodate all that want a residence and business with us. Let capital step forward and put up the needed structures, sure to meet its reward.

There is one thing which makes Columbus more attractive as a place of residence than any material progress, jDast or pros- pective. We allude to its healthiness. Whatever may have been said of our city in this respect in the earlier period of its history, it will be conceded by every one familiar with its sta- tistics of disease and mortality for the last ten or fifteen years, that Columbus is one of the healthiest cities of the Union. This is due to its sanitary and other improvements, but esi3ecially to its location, its wide and neatly kept streets and alleys, its large ojien spaces and parks, its water-works, sewerage, and other means of cleanliness and purification. As the city enlarges, it becomes more and more healthy. This is a decided advantage, and the reason of it is, that improvements go forward, and there is so much room for growth that no part of the city becomes too comjjact or overcrowded.

The fire department of Columbus has become one of the best organized and etficient of its class in the State. Our city has been, generally, vei'v fortunate as to the destruction of property by fire. For the last ten or twelve years, with the exception of the burning of the Central Asylum (where the fire might have been prevented by due caution on the part of the State em- ployes), there has been hut a small comparative loss of property by fire in the city. Now that we liave the Holly water-works in ojH'ralion all over the city, the danger from fire, and eonse- (juently the rates of insurance, will be greatly lessened. AVe may, in future, count upon an almost entire exem]>tion from any great losses by fire.

The growth of Columbus is manifest, not only in its wide, airy

GROWTH AND PROSPECTS.

105

streets, with their broad and smooth-paved sidewalks, but in the street railroads already extended along three of the prin- cipal streets, and out into the suburbs of the city. The number of these roads is increasing, and will pervade the entire city, leading out to all places of interest or business in the immediate vicinitj*.

There are in the city four Catholic and twenty -one Protestant churches, including a Hebrew synagogue. Many of the church editices are spacious and commodious, as well as ornamental to the city. Such structures are on the increase.

Columbus is also ahead of other cities of like size in the num- ber and variety of her newspapers and periodicals. These steadily increase in number and enterprise as the city advances, and the demand of the people for general and local information becomes greater

SULLIVANT'S SCHOOL BUILDING.

(State Street, between Fifth and Sixth.)

106 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

The public school system of Cohiinbiis has become, not only the just pride of her citizens, but the subject of high com- mendation by teachers and other friends of education. A course of instruction has been adopted that has produced, and prom- ises .still to produce, the best results. The school buildings are large, commodious, and ■well ventilated ; while the corps of teachers is among the most efficient in the State. Taking to- gether our public schools, our Catholic schools, and other educa- tional institutions, Tvith their prospective increase in number, efficiency, and usefulness, no jjarent or guardian can fail to fier- ceive the educational ach'autages our city affords, and will continue to offer.

Among other reasons why Columbus should be selected as a place of residence, or for business or investment in property, the following may be briefly mentioned :

The city is the least taxed of any one of the same or nearly the same population, in the United States.

Columbus pays less tax on the dollar of taxable property than any other city having the same or nearly the same amount of taxable property.

Columbus is the natural outlet for the great coal and iron region of Southern and Southeastern Ohio.

Eeal estate in Columbus, though rapidly advancing in price, is at present lower than in any other city of like population, leaving out of view our advantages of ready and easy access to unlimited supplies of coal and iron ore.

Goods, wares, merchandise, and manufactured articles of all kinds, can be readily shipped to all parts of the country by rail from this point.

Eight principal railroad lines already center in Columbus, radiating to and irom as many dift'erent points of the compass. New railroads are now in course of construction, and others projected. It is not an overestimate to predict, that, ere five more years shall have gone their rounds, there will be three lines of railroad down the Hocking Yalley from Columbus, and a lilu' juimber leading Irom our city to the southeast, and bringing us into immediate connection with the rich eoal and iron mines of Perry county. We expect soon to see the Hock-

GROWTH AND PROSPECTS. 107

iiig Valley road extended to Toledo, giving us direct communi- cation with the lumber and mineral regions of the K'orthwest and the Upper Lakes. Moreover, in a short time, we shall hear the ringing of engine-bells, giving warning that the locomotive, with cars in the rear, is running on the new railroad from Columbus to Maysville, Ky., and on the new Scioto Yalley road from Columbus to Portsmouth ; each passing through a country rich in agricultural and other resources, of which Columbus is the natural depot and outlet.

Such are some of the great advantages, present and future, that Columbus presents. To those who are seeking pleasant homes, or places for thriving and prosperous business, we add a word more :

Eeal estate, pleasantly and advantageously located for resi- dences, or for manufacturing jjurposes, and lying in any direction within, or just outside the corporate limits of the city, can now be purchased at less than its actual value, and greatly under the price it will bring in a year or two. It is only necessary for a wise and prudent man to examine into the facts in regard to the propriety of investing in real estate in Columbus, and he will be quite certain, if he desires to invest in such property at all, to make his outlay in our city. Why should such a man, in order to get rich, go West, out of the pale of civilization, or to some other fabled El Dorado, where there are no railroads, schools, churches, libraries, and other public and social institu- tions, or those only of an inferior grade, when, by locating in such a place as Columbus, already started with railroad speed on a career for becoming a great city, he could, with slenderer means and less expenditure of brain and muscle, reap, in a short time, a richer and more abundant harvest.

RESOURCES OF THE CITY AND COUNTY.

As the city of Columbus is the metropolis and capital or Franklin county, and contains at present the greater part of its population, wealth, manufactures, and trade, we present the following statistics of the entire county, derived from official sources :

Population. — The population of Pranklin county, in 1810,

108 STUDEk's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

was 3,4SG; in 1820, 10,172; in 1830, 14,741; in 1840, 25,049; in 1850, 42,904; in 18G0, 50.361. and in 1870, it was 63,019.

Agricultural Products in 1870. — Total amount of wages paid during the year, including the value of board, $463,525.

Total value of all farm productions, including betterments and additions to stock, 83,495,131.

Orchard ]iroducts, §67.509; products of market gardens, $37,435 ; forest products, $28,715 ; value of home manufoctures, $6,016.

Value of animals slaughtered and sold for slaughter, §965,126.

Live Stock.— Value of live stock, in 1870, $2,019,363. There were then in the county 10,565 horses. 266 mules and asses, 7,841 milch cows, 105 working oxen, 12,166 other cattle, 40,548 sheep, and 43,233 swine.

Number and value of the live stock in the county in 1871 :

ZSIo. A'alue.

Horses 14.414 81.025.416

Cattle 22.290 597.119

Mules 407 32,970

Sheep 32,191 65.364

Hogs 54,543 261,967

In 1872, there were in the county 14.611 horses, 23,691 cattle, 568 mules, 55,477 hogs, and 32,733 sheep ; an increase in each case over the preceding year.

VALUE OP REAL AND PERSONAL PROPERTY.

In 1870. — Assessed value of real estate. $22,278,598; assessed value of personal property, $13,091,694; total assessed value of l)uth, $35,370,292.

The true valuation of the real and personal jiroperty in the county, in 1870, was $66,546,900.

Taxation in 1870. — The taxes, other than national, levied in the county in 187(1 wei-e : State taxes, $141,481; countv, $179,173; city, $340, ]i;4; total, $6(10, S18.

Markiacies in 1871. — There were 675 marriao-es in the county, of wliieh only three were by the publication of banns, and 672 by license.

I'robate Statistics. — In 1871, 51 wills were admitted to pro-

GROWTH AND PKOSPKCTS. 109

bate, 92 letters of administration, and 69 letters of guardianship were issued.

Deeds and Mortoages. — During the year ending July 1, 1872, the number of deeds recorded was 2,382; leases, 46; mort- gages, other than railroad, 1,788 ; and of railroad mortgages, 2. The amount secured by the two railroad mortgages was §2,000,000; by the other mortgages, 12,265,506. There were 200 of the latter mortgages canceled during the year, releasing $276,272, against 151,992 released the preceding year; showing an increase in the amount of debt canceled of 1224,280.

New Structures Erected in 1871. — The number of dwell- ings, hotels, and depots erected in the county in 1871, was 350, valued at $340,000 ; 9 mills, machine-shops, and iron furnaces, value $50,000 ; 30 stores, shops, warehouses, and other places of business, value $40,000; 1 church, value $9,000 ; 1 public hall, value $100,000 ; 40 bai-ns and stables, value $24,000, and 12 mis- cellaneous structures, value $6,000. The total number of the new structures was 443; and their total value, $569,000.

Turnpikes. — There were, in 1871,12 turnpikes in Franklin county, having a total length of 140 miles.

County Buildings. — The three county buildings were valued, in 1871, at $110,000.

Comparative View. — The following statement presents a view of tax statistics for 1871 and 1872 in five counties of the State — Hamilton, Cuyahoga, Montgomery, Franklin, and Lucas — in which are situated the five largest cities of the State — Cin- cinnati, in Hamilton ; Cleveland, in Cuyahoga ; Dayton, in Montgomery ; Colunibus, in Franklin ; and Toledo, in Lucas.

Total valuation of taxable property for 1871 : Hamilton, $220,548,543; Cuyahoga, 182,288,583 ; Montgomery, $43,455,440 ; Franklin, $45,725,274 ; Lucas, $20,990,480.

Total amount of State tax: Hamilton, $523,049.60; Cuya- hoga, $238,634.44; Montgomery, $126,020.28 ; Franklin, $132,- 603.29 ; Lucas, $46,553.06.

Total amount of local taxes : Hamilton, $3,967,603.46 ; Cuya- hoga, $1,235,557.56; Montgomery, $556,257.61; Lucas, $689,- 520.69 ; Franklin, $613,228.52.

Total valuation of taxable property for 1872 ; Hamilton,

110 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

$215,359,685; Cuj-alioga, 885,138,221 ; Montgomery, $45,913,080; Franklin, $47,073,890; Lucas, §21,588,240.

It will be noted that the amount of taxable property of Franklin county is over two million dollars more than that of Montgomery county, and more than twice that of Lucas. At the same time, the proporti(jn of local taxation to taxable prop- erty is less in Franklin county than in either of the five coim- ties named, and not half as much as it is in Lucas. In fact, Franklin is one of the lightest taxed counties in Ohio.

Total amount of city tax of the five largest cities in the State, with the total valuation of taxable property : Cincinnati- valuation, §175,084,296; city tax, §2,171,045.27; Cleveland- valuation, §59,728,871 ; city tax, §925,793.49; Columbus— valu- ation, §24,395,850; city tax, §214,683.48; Dayton— valuation, §19,901,940; city tax, §189,068.43; Toledo— valuation, §16, 518,- 850; city tax, §290,731.76.

The reader will notice that the amount of taxable property of Columbus is §8,383,090 more than Toledo, and at the same time the city taxes of Columbus are less than Toledo by §76,048.28. Take the city of Clevelaiid, with a property valuation of onlj^ §35,333,021 more than Columbus — she has a city tax of §711,- 110.01 more than this city ; facts which show clearly that Co- lumbus is the lightest taxed city in the State.

The indebtedness of the five principal cities of the State is: Cincinnati, $5,769,411.37; Cleveland, §1,436,712.24; Columbus, §1,065,179; Toledo, $806,066.02 ; Baylon, $715,650.

THE PLACE FOR THE INVESTMENT OF CAriTAL.

In comparing the priees of real jn-operty in Columbus with those in other cities, there will be found no fictitious values here; no inflation, whieh is sure to react, and has already re- tarded the growth and prosperity of u\auy other places. It will be found, for instance, that real estate i.s actually sold, and in- vestments made here, both in city and suburban property, at loss rates than in other cities of Ohio, far inferior in advantages and facilities for trade, manufacturing, and general business. At the same time, if regard be had to the probable rapid and profitable increase in the value of real propertj-, few cities in

GROWTH AND PROSPECTS. Ill

the West will be found offering equal inducements for the in- vestment of capital in such property. Propertj- in the city and its vicinity has been for some time, and still is, steadily and healthily, and, we may add, largely, augmenting its ftrices. There is every reason to assure us that the ratio of increase will be still greater and greater ; and that the prices of lots and lands in and around our city will, in many cases, in a few years, be doubled, trebled, and quadrupled.

There are but few Western cities to be eomjiared with Colum- bus in railroad facilities. Here, trunk lines of railroad, with numerous connections, diverge for long distances, tapping the agricultural and mineral districts of Ohio and other States. Our city, in fact, is situated almost within the greatest and richest mineral region in the West ; and she may be said to have an inexhaustible supply of coal and iron at her own door. Besides, she is surrounded by a rich agricultural and stock- raising country. Columbus is, moreover, in close connection with the whole State. From most points in the State, a trip can be made to Columbus and retui'n on the same day ; that is, between daylight and early bed-time, affording a considerable time for the transaction of business in the city.

It may be urged that cities having water transportation pos- sess great advantages ; but shippers now make but little differ- ence between railroad and water transport, since competing railroads make reduced freights, and transfers must be made, including elevator charges, etc. Time is also an object of great importance, both as regards the fluctuations of the markets and the interest on cash capital invested.

It is true that Columbus is dependent on the lake for her lum- ber, and Lake Superior ores to mix with our native ores for producing the finer grades of malleable iron. In taking this fact into account, it must be considered that we have rapid and easy connections by rail with several harbors on the lake, and the competition of dealers and railroads will greatly reduce the cost to us of the lumber and ore transported, especially as the cars which bring us those articles can be returned laden with our coal and other productions.

Columbus excels other cities, especially in her advantages for

112

STUDER S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

manufacturing. She has coal and iron in abundance ; the one for the creation of i^ower, and the other for the manufacture of machinery and other products from iron on a grand scale. She has, besides, of easj^ access, the raw material for other manufac- tures without limit.

The progress that Columbus has made in wealth, population, and general prosperity since the introduction of railroads and other great improvements into the "Western country, and her present progressive stage, afford an ainple guaranty as to her future. To those who seek a profitable and safe investment of capital, there is no more j^romising field.

CHAPTEE YIII. MUNICIPAL GOVEENMENT.

THE CITY HALL.

This is one of the most beautiful and imposing public edifices that adorn the capital of Ohio. As a manifestation of public

MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT. 113

spirit, thrift, and enterprise, it is a structure of wliieli the citi- zens of Columbus may well be proud. It presents its lofty, bold, and imposing front on the south side of State street, and nearly opposite the southern front of the State Capitol. The building is 187J feet long, bj' 80 feet in width, and 98 feet in height, from the ground to the roof. The front has an altitude of 140 feet from the ground to the top of the tower.

Some op the Material Used. — There are in the structure 2,500,000 bricks, 4,000 perches of stone, 3,500,000 feet of lum- ber, five tons of nails, and 20,000 feet of glass. The front is composed of Amherst stone, of a dark cream color.

General Description. — On the west and north of the build- ing is an arcade, affording free access to the apartment designed for the post-office, which is-situated on the right. The main en- trance is at the north side of the building, beneath seven lancet archways, the three central ones of which are surmounted by a balcony. The upper tiers of windows are lancet-headed, corre- sponding to the archways. The post-office apartment is 98 feet long by 22 feet wide, and has a fire-proof room in the rear, 30 feet by 20 in dimensions. On the opposite side of the central lobby is the library room, 110 feet long by 26 feet wide. In the roar is the apartment used by the Board of Trade, 58 feet long and 40 feet wide. Between this and the other apartments of the first floor is a lobby running east and west, on both sides of which are stairways leading to the upper stories. The grand ■ stairway ascends from the main entrance, where it branches off to the right and left, ascending to the corridor and the public hall. On the second floor another central hallway extends through the building, leading to the council chamber. On both sides of the central lobby of the second floor, are various rooms for the use of city officers and committees. Those on the east side are 20 by 24 feet, and those on the west are 20 by 29 feet.

The Council Chamber. — The council chamber is fifty-nine feet long by forty wide, and twenty-seven feet high. It is mag- nificently furnished. The walls are frescoed with water colors ; and the floor, within the bar, is covered with a handsome carpet of brilliant colors. Each member of the council is provided with a desk and a chair, and in the lobby, chairs are provided for

114 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

spectators. Sofas are also placed on the inside of the bar. The chamber is brilliantly lighted by means of three chandeliers, pendent in the center, having twenty-four burners in all. The president's stand is on the west side of the apartment, and in front of it are the clerk's and reporters' desks. The walls of the room are ornamented wnth the portraits of prominent men and citizens. Directly back of the president's stand is the portrait of Dr. Lincoln Goodalo, and on the south wall are the jjortraits of Luther Donaldson, Colonel John 3s^oble. and E. ^y. McCoy. On the north wall are those of Grafton Doutj-, Abraham Lin- coln, and Colonel P. H. Olmsted. A portrait of George Wash- ington occupies a place on the western wall. On the east side of the chamber a door opens into a room, provided with a hat and coat-rack, and which is likewise embellished with porti-aits and landscapes.

The Public Hall.— In the third story is the spacious Public Hall, one hundred and forty feet long by seventy-four feet wide, and fifty-three feet high. It is estimated to be capable of com- fortably seating over three thousand people. The stage occu- pies the south end of the hall, and is forty-five feet wide and thirty feet deep. The hall is lighted by five chandeliers, the central one having sixty burners, and the others thirty each. The gallery at the north side is graduated and will seat five hundred persons. The entrances to the hall are sufficiently ample ; the main one, which is situated at the north side, being capable of accommodating sixteen persons abreast.

There is another apartment in the third story, directlv over the council chamber, M'hich corresponds with it in size. We are not advised for what i^urpose it is intended. Perhaps it is de- signed for another council board, when Columbus shall have taken the rank, to which it is justly entitled, of a city of the first class, and have two boards of " City Fathers," instead of only one.

The building is w'armed from steam generated in the basement, and contains about 2,500 feet of hot-air ducts, and about the same length of ventilating ducts.

The BuiLDEBs,— The work on the City Hall was begun in

MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT. 115

May, 18G9. The cost of the buikling was $175,000. The con- tractors were Messrs. Hall, Lawson & Fornoff, and the subcon- tractors for ciit-stone work, Messrs. William Fish & Sons. The superintendent of the work was Jacob Boswell, and the archi- tect, R. T. Brooks. Luther Donaldson, president of the city council, was chairman of the committee who had the erection of the building in charge. He took a deep interest in the work, und gratuitously bestowed on it unremitting care and attention, that the structure might be complete in every respect, at the least possible cost.

The Opening. — The grand opening of the hall to public use, took place on the evening of March 28, 1872. The building was thronged on that memorable occasion bj' thousands of Qur citizens, whose admiration and delight, as they viewed the noble structure and promenaded through its spacious and well-arranged interior, were unbounded. The festivities of the evening were on a large scale; and the event will long be remembered as one of the grandest in the annals of Colmnbus.

THE BOROUGH OF COLUMBUS.

When the town of Columbus was laid off, in 1812, there were no human inhabitants on its site, and it consequently needed no municipal government. Gradually, however, it became peo- pled, and in 1815, its population was seven hundred. But its afiaii-s were controlled and regulated by the general laws of the State until 1816.

On the 10th of February, 1816, the Legislature passed an act incorporating the borough of Columbus. By that act the cor- porate authority was vested in nine councilmen, elected by the citizens of the borough. The councilmen were authorized to elect a mayor, recorder, and treasurer from their own number. The mayor was to be ex- officio president of the council. The following municipal ofiicers were also to be elected or appointed by the council : Survej^or, marshal, clerk of the market, and a lister and appraiser for the listing and valuing of property for borough taxation. It was made the recorder's daty to make out

116 STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

the tax duplicate ; and the marshal was required to collect the borough taxes.

FiEST Election. — It was on the 6th day of May, 1816, that the first borough election for councilmen was held. The nine members then elected were to serve — one-third for one year, one-third for two, and one-third for three years, so that three new members should be elected each year thereafter. The elec- tion was held at the Columbus Inn. At the same place, on the 13th of the same month, the members elect met and organized the municipal government of the borough of Columbus, by the ajipointment of a mayor and other officers.

Councilmen. — The following -is a list of the members of the council who served at various tiiues during the eighteen years of the borough organization ; that is, from 1816 to 183-i:

Eobert W. McCoy, Jeremiah Armstrong, Robert Armstrong, Henry Brown, John Cutler, Caleb Houston, John Xerr, Michael Patton, Jarvis Pike, James B. Gardiner, Christian Heyl, Wm. McElvain, James Kooken, Townsend Nichols, Ralph Osborn, P. H. Olmsted, John Jeffords, Eli C. King, L. Goodale. Charles Lof- land, W. T. Martin, John Greenwood, John Luughrv. James Robinson, John W. Smith. AVm. Long. Joel Buttles. Nathaniel McLean, Joseph Ridgway, George Jeffries. John "Warner, Eob- ert Brotherton, Jonathan Xeereamer, Robert Riorden, Samuel Parsons, John Patterson, Moses B. Spurgion.

BoEOUGH Officers. — The following are the officers appointed bj' the council during the existence of the borough of Colum- bus, with the dates of the several appointments :

Mayors. — Jarvis Pike, appointed in 1S16 ; John Kerr, 181S; Eli C. King, 1820; John Laughry, 18l>3 ; AV. T. Martin, 1824; James Robinson, 1827; "Wm. Long, 1828; P. H. Olmsted, 1833.

Recorders. — R. W. ilcCoy, 1816 ; James B. Gardiner, ISIS ; Ralph Osborn, ISIO; John Kerr, 1820; W. T. Martin, 1823; Wm. Long, 1824; L. Goodale, 1828; X. MeLean, 1831 ; R. Os- born, 1832; John Patterson, 1833.

Marshals. — Samuel King, 1816 ; .lames Fisher, 1818 ; AVm. Richardson, 181!) ; Samuel Shannon, 1820 ; Benjamin Sells, 1824- Samuel Shannon, 1825 ; John Kelly, 1827 ; Benjamin Sells, 1828;

MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT. 117

J. G. Goodman, 1S30 ; John Kelly, 1831 ; Benjamin Sells, 1832; George B. Harvey, 1833.

Treasurers. — Eobert Armstrong, 181G ; Christian Heyl, 1818 ; E. W. McCoy, 1828.

SuRVETORS. — John Kerr, 1816 ; Jeremiah McLene, 1820 ; John Kerr, 1821; Jeremiah McJjene, 1823; Joseph Eidgwa}', Jr., 1831; Byron Kilbourne, 1832.

Mr. Kilbourue, in pursuance to an order o the council, sur- veyed the borough, and planted eornei su i i. s at the street crossings, for landmarks.

Clerks of the Market. — William Long, 1816 ; William Eichardson, 1818; Samuel Shannon, 1820; John Kelly, 1827; Benjamin Sells, 1828 ; Julius G. Godraan, 1830 ; John Kelly, 1831; Benjamin Sells, 1832; George B. Harvey, 1833.

THE CITY OF COLUMBUS.

Columbus was incorporated as a city by an act of the Legisla- ture passed March 3, 1834, and divided into three wards. The First ward embraced all the corporation north of State street ; the Second, all between State and Eich streets ; and the Third, all south of Eich street.

The act provided that each ward should be represented by four councilmen, to be elected on the second Monday of April next ensuing. In the first council board, the terms of service of the members was to be determined by lot, so that one new mem- ber should be elected annually from each ward. A mayor was to be elected biennially by the people. The other municipal officers were to be aj^ijointed by the council, who were also em- powered to fill a vacancy in the office of mayor bj^ apijointment.

First City Election. — The first election under the new city charter was held on the 14th, being the second Monday of April, 1834. It resulted in the election of John Brooks for mayor for two years.

Trustees or Councilmen. — The following is a list of the trustees or councilmen from the several wards, for each year, from the organization of the city of Columbus down to the j)res- ent time, the numbers of the wards being designated by figures :

1834 — 1. Henry Brown, Otis Crosby, Eobert W. McCoy

118 STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

Jose2>h Eidgway, Sr. ; 2. Wm Long, Jonatlian Weeramer, Francis Stewart, ISToali II. Swaj-ue ; 3. Christian Heyl, Wm. T, Martin, Wni. Miner, John Patterson.

1835—1. Ilenrj' Brown, Elijah Converse, Eobert W. McCoy, Joseph Ridgway, Sr. ; 2. William Long, Jonathan Neeramer, Moylen Xorthujj, Xoah H. Swayne; 3. Christian Heyl, Wm. T. Martin, Wni. Miner, John Patterson.

183G — 1. Henry Brown, resigned September 12th, and Moses H. Kirby elected; Elijah Converse, Eobert W. McCoy, Joseph Eidgway, Sr. ; 2. Arvra Buttles, Jonathan Xeeramer, Moylen Northup, Noah H. Swayne ; 3. W. T. Martin. "U'm. Miner, John Patterson, M. B. Wright.

1837 — 1. Elijah Converse, resigned April 1.3th, and L. X. Champion ap]:)ointed, who resigned March 12. 1838. and John L. Cill elected; Moses H. Kirby, resigned, and John Xoble elected March 12, 1838; E. W. McCoy; Joseph Eidgway. Sr., resigned April 17th, and Joseph Eidgway. Jr.. elected : 2. Arvra Buttles, Matthew J. Gilbert, Jonathan Xeeranier, 3Ioylen Xorthup ; 3. A. G.IIibbs.W.T. Martin, John Patterson, m'. B.Wright, re- signed September 4th, and John Greenwood elected.

1838—1. John L. Gill, E. W. McCoy, John Xoble. Joseph Eidgway, Jr.; 2. Arvra Buttles, resigned, and Philip Eeed elected October 2d; M. J. Gilbert, M. Xorthup, John Wil- son ; 3. John Greenwood. A. G. Hibbs. W. T. Martin. John Pat- terson, resigned April IGth, and James Bryden elected.

1839—1. Bela Latham, E. W. McCoy,' John Xoble. Joseph Eidgway, Jr.; 2. M. J. Gilbert, Philip Eeed, Joseph Whitehill, John Wilson ; 3. James Bryden, John Greenwood, A. G, Hibbs, Win. Miner.

1840—1. Eobert Culler. Bela Latham, John Xoble removed from city, and Jacob Sti-ickler appointed, March 9th ; Joseph Eidgway, Jr. ; 2. M. J. Gilbert, E. W. McCoy, Joseph White- hill, Jolin Wilson; 3. James Brydeu. John (Greenwood, A. G. llilihs, Wm, Miner.

1S41— ]. K'obcrt Ciidcr, Bela Lalham, resigned :\Iay 4th, and Thomas ^Vood elected by council ; Josojili Eid!j;wav, .Ir.. Jat'oh Stricklei'; 2. Wm. Armstrong, E. AV. llcCoy, Joseph AVhitehill,

MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT. 119

John Wilson, resigned April 1st, and Justin Morrison appointed ; 3, James Bryden, John Greenwood, A. G. Hibhs, Wm. Miner.

1842 — 1. Eohert Cutler, Justin Morrison, Joseph Eidgway, Jr., Jacob Strickler; 2, Wm. Armstrong, E. W. McCoy, Eobert Eussell, Joseph Whitehill ; 3. James Brj-den, John Greenwood, A. G. Hibbs, AYm. Miner.

1843 — 1. David Evans, W. A. Gill, Joseph Eidgway, Jr., John Tajdor ; 2. William Armstrong, Joseph JST. Glazier, E. W. McCoy, Eobert Eussell ; 3. James Bryden, Wni. Harrison, A. G. Hibbs, Alfred P* Stone.

1844 — 1. Eichard Jones, John Miller, Joseph Eidgway, Jr., Eobert -Eiorden ; 2. Wm. Armstrong, Henry Butler, Joseph N. Glazier, E. W. McCoy ; 3. Frederic Cole, John Funston, Oliver P. Hines, Cornelius Jacobs.

1845 — 1. Eichard Jones, John Miller, Joseph Eidgway, Jr., Eobert Eiorden ; 2. Wm. Armstrong, Henry Butler, Jr., Jos. N. Glazier, E. W. McCoy ; 3. Wm. Harrison, O. P. Hines, Cor- nelius Jacobs, John Walton.

1846 — 1. Eichard Jones, John Miller, Eobt. Eiorden: 2. Ben- jamin Blake, Joseph Eidgway, Jr., Edward N. Slocum ; 3. Wm. Armstrong, Clark Higgins, E. W. McCoy; 4. James Bryden, William Harrison, John Walton ; 5. Louis Hoster, Solomon Lighter, Asa Walling.

1847 — 1. Luther Hillery, Eichard Jones, John Miller; 2. Ben- jamin Blake, Joseph Eidgway, Jr., Edward N. Slocum, resigned March 23, 1848, and Joseph Whitehill appointed; 3. William Armstrong, Clark Higgins, E. W. McCoy ; 4. James Bryden, William Harrison, Thomas F. Jones; 5. Louis Hoster, Solomon Lighter, Asa Walling.

1848 — 1. Luther Hillery, Eichard Jones, John Miller; 2. Ben- jamin Blake, Eobert Cutler, Joseph Eidgway, Jr. ; 3. William Armstrong, Lucian Buttles, E. W. McCoy ; 4. James Bryden, Thomas F. Jones, John Walton ; 5. Louis Hoster, Solomon Lighter, Asa Walling.

1849—1. Luther Hillery, Eichard Jones, John Miller ; 2. Benj. Blake, Eobt. Cutler, Jos. Eidgway, Jr. ; 3. William Armstong, Lucian Buttles, E. W. McCoy; 4. John Butler, Thos. F. Jones, Wm. Miner ; 4. Louis Hoster, James H. Stauring, Asa Walling.

120 STUDEr's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

1850—1. Eichard Jones, John Miller, Eobert Eiorden ; 2. J. Wra. Baldwin, Benj. Blake, Eobert Cutler; 3. William Arm- strong, Lucian Buttles, E. W. McCoy ; 4. John Butler, Thos. F. Jones, resigned December 9th, and "VVm. T. Martin appointed, Wm. Miner ; 5. Louis Hester, James H. Stauring, Asa Walling.

1851 — 1. Eichard Jones, John Miller, Eobert Eiorden ; 2. J. Wm. Baldwin, Benj. Blake, Eobert Cutler; 3. Wm. Armstong, Eobert Hume, E. W. McCoy ; 4. John Butler, Theo. Corn- stock, William Miner ; 5. Louis Hoster, John Eader, James H. Stauring.

1852-^1. John Miller, John Noble, Eobert Eiorden ; 2. J. Wm. Baldwin, Benj. Blake, Eobert Cutler; 3. William Armstrong, Eobert Hume, Jr., E. W. McCoy ; 4. John Butler, Theodore Comstock, Wm. Miner ; 5. Louis Hoster, John Eader, Jas. H. Stauring.

1853 — The act of May 3, 1852, for the organization of cities and villages having taken effect, new members of the Council were elected in accordance therewith; and two of the old mem- bers from each ward holding over until the expiration of their terms, there were four councilmen to each ward dui-ing this year, and three during 1854.

1. Wm. Dennison, Jr., Mj-ron P. Howlett, John Miller, John Noble; 2. J. Wm. Baldwin, Benj. Blake. Eobert Cutler, Luther Donaldson ; 3. Wm. Domigan, Eobert Hume, Jr., E. W. McCoj-, resigned July 25th, and Lucian Buttles elected August 20th, Dwight Stone; 4. John Butler, Theo. Comstock, Augustus S. Decker, Wm. Miner; 5. Louis Hoster, John Eader, Jacob Eeinhard, Jas. H. Stauring.

l!^54 — 1. Wm. Dennison, Jr., John Noble, Henry Wilson ; 2. J. William Baldwin, Benj. Blake, Luther Donaldson ; 3. Lucian Buttles, Wm. Domigan, Eobert Hume, Jr. ; 4. Theo. Com- stock, A. S. Decker, Wm. jMinor ; 5. Louis Hoster, Jacob Eein- hard, Jas. H. Stauring.

1855 — John Noble, Henry Wilson, resigned July 9th, and E. B. Adams electeil July 30th ; 2. Luther IVMuildson, Thomas T. Hyde, expelled January 28, 185t!, and George Gere elected Feb- ruary IS, 185(5; 3. William Domigan, Eobert Hume; 4, Theo. Comstock, A. S. Decker; 5. Jacob Eeinhard, Jas. H. Staurino-.

MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT. 121

1856 — 1. John Noble, James M. Westwater, resigned October 13th, and George W. Cushman elected JSTovember 4; 2. Prancis Collins, George Gere ; 3. Theo. Comstock, AVm. Domigan ; 4. A. S. Decker, John F. Ijams; 5. Jacob Eeinhard, James H Stanring.

1857 — 1. Haldeman Crary, Geo. W. Cushman ; 2. Francis Collins, Jos. H. Eiley ; 3. Theo. Comstock, C. P. L. Butler; 4. John F. Ijams, J. E. St. Clair ; 5. Jacob Eeinhard, James H. Stauring.

1858—1. Grafton Douty, H. Crary ; 2. Thos. Arnold, Jos. H. Eiley; 3. Theo. Comstock, C. P. L. Butler; 4. John Ijams, J. E. St. Clair; 5. Jacob Eeinhard, Jas. H. Stauring.

1859 — 1. Thomas A. Jones, Grafton Douty; 2. Luther Don- aldson, Thomas Arnold; 3. C. P. L. Butler, Theo. Comstock; 4. Joseph H. Eiley, John Ijams ; 5. James H. Stauring, Jacob Eeinhard.

The seat of Thomas A. Jones, as councilman from the First "ward, was contested by Haldeman Crary, on the ground that illegal votes had been cast for Jones by his own procuring. After the contest was begun, and before a decision was reached, Jones resigned, June 13th, and Samuel E. Ogden was elected.

1860—1. G. Douty, S. E. Ogden; 2. Albert B. Buttles, L. Donaldson ; 3. Theo. Comstock, C. P. L. Butler ; 4. Isaac Eberly, Jos. H. Eiley ; 5. L. J. Moeller, Jas. H. Stauring.

1861—1. L. L. Smith, G. Douty; 2. L. Donaldson, A. B. Buttles; 3. A. O. Blair, Theo. Comstock; 4. Horace "Wilson, Isaac Eberly ; 5. Jas. H. Stauring, L. J. Moeller.

1862—1. G. Douty, L. L. Smith ; 2. A. B. Buttles, L. Donald- son ; 3. Alfred S. Glenn, C. P. L. Butler; 4. Isaac Eberly, Horace Wilson; 5. John J. Eickly, Jas. H. Stauring.

1863—1. Amos McNairy, G. Douty; 2. L. Donaldson, A. B. B uttles ; 3. John Graham, A. S. Glenn ; 4. John G. Thompson, Isaac Eberly ; 5. Jacob Eeinhard, J. J. Eickly ; 6. John Eader, Fred. Jaeger ; 7. Walstein Failing, Horace Wilson ; 8. E. B. Armstrong, Prank Howard ; 9. Daniel Carmichael, William Naghten. Amos Mcl^airj^, councilman from the First ward, having died in September, Jas. Patterson was elected October 13th.

122 STODER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

1864 — 1. G-. Douty, James Patterson; 2. A. B. Buttles, L. Donaldson ; 3. Silas ]^. Field, John Graham ; 4. Brimfield Gil- more, John G. Thompson ; 5. J. J. Eickly, Jacob Eeinhard ; 6. Fred. Jaeger, JohnRader; 7. Wm. H. Gaver, Horace Wilson ; 8. John Miller, E. B. Armstrong ; 9. Wm. Naghten, Daniel Car- michacl.

1865 — 1. James Patterson, G. Douty ; 2. L. Donaldson, A. B. Buttles; 3. Theo. Comstock, S. N. Field ; 4. Ebenezer Barcus, Jr., B. Gilmore ; 5. Jas. H. Staiiring, Jacob Eeinhard ; 6. ISTewton Gibbons, Fred. Jaeger ; 7. Wm. L. Eoss, ^Ym. H. Gaver ; 8. Henry F. Booth, John Miller ; 9. C. ^V. Douty, Wm. Xaghten. 1866—1. Eobert Chadwiek, Jas. Patterson ; 2. Wm. j" Fell, L. Donaldson ; 3. Jesse C. Toll, Theo. Comstock ; 4. Isaac S. Beekey, E. Barcus, Jr.; 5. Christ. Kammerer. Jacob Eein- hard; 6. Fred. Jaeger, Newton Gibbons; 7. Wm. H. Gaver, "Wm. L. Ross; 8. E. B. Armstrong, Henry F. Booth; 9. Wm. Naghten, Charles W. Douty.

1867 — 1. James Patterson, Robert Chadwick; 2. L. Donald- son, W. J. Fell ; 3. Theo. Comstock, J. C. Toll; 4. D. McAllister,

Isaac S. Beekey; 5. Jacob Eeinhard, C. Kammerer; 6. Newton

Gibbons, Fred. Jaeger ; 7. Wm. L. Eoss, Wm. H. Gaver •

8. Thos. Bergin, E. B. Armstrong; 9. John Caren, Wm.

Naghten.

1868—1. Eobt. Chadwick, Jas. Patterson; 2. John J. Jauncy,

L. Donaldson; 3. Wm. McDonaW, Theo. Comstock; 4. Isaac "s.

Beekey, Daniel McAllister; 5. John Knopf, Jacob Eeinhard ;

6. Marcus Frankel, Newton Gibbous; 7. Wm. Wall, Wm. L.

Ross; 8. E. B. Armstrong, Thos. Bergin, 9. John Caren, Wm.

Naghten.

1S60— 1. John Uncles, Eobt. Chadwick; 2. L. Donaldson, J.

J. Janney ; 3. Theo. Comstock, Wm. McDonald ; 4. John G.

Thompson, Isaac S. Beekey ; 5. Jacob Eeinhard, John Knopf;

6. Newton Gibbons, Marcus Frankel ; 7. David F. Suydam, Wm.

Wall; 8. L. L. Smith, E, B. Armstrong; 9. John Caren, Wm

Naghten, killed by a railroad train, January 7, 1870. and Martin

Kelley elected.

1870—1. Robt. Chadwick, John Uncles; 2. J. J. Janney, L.

MUNICIP.AL GOVERNMENT. 123

Donaldson ; 3. Wm. McDonald, Theo. Comstock ; 4. Lorenzo English, John Ct. Thompson; 5. G-eo. Beck, Jacob Eeinhard; 6. Marcus Prankel, ]!^e"\vton Gibbons ; 7. John Gore, David P. Saydam ; 8. P. J. Lofland, L. L. Smith ; 9. Martin Kelley, John Caren.

1871—1. Isaac B. Potts, Eobert Chadwick; 2. L. Donaldson, J. J. Janney ; 3. Theo. Comstock, Wm. McDonald ; 4. Louis Zett- ler, Lorenzo English; 5. Jacob Eeinhard, Geo. Beck ; 6. Jonas Pletch, Marcus Frankel; 7. David F. Suydam, John Gore ; 8. L. L. Smith, Perry J. Lofland ; 9. John Walsh, Martin Kelley.

1872—1. E. C. Hull, Isaac B. Potts; 2. John G. Mitchell, L. Donaldson ; 3. J. E. Flowers, Theo. Comstock ; 4. Lorenzo English, Louis Zettler ; 5. J. TJ. Eickenbacker, Jacob Eeinhard ;

6. Jonas Pletch, Marcus Frankel, who, having died suddenly in the early part of this year, August Liebfarth was elected;

7. Chas. Kemmerle, David F. Suydam; 8. Wm. Williams, L. L. Smith ; 9. E. L. Hinman, John Walsh ; 10. Martin Kelley, Jos . H. Fuller; 11. H. Mithoff, C. C. Smith.

CITY OFFICERS.

The following is a list of the other municipal officers of Co- lumbus, since its organization as a city, with the dates of their election or aj)i30intment :

Mayors. — John Brooks, 1834 ; John Bailache, 1835 ; Warren Jenkins, 1836 ; Philo H. Olmsted, 1838 ; John G Miller, 1840 ; . Thomas Wood, 1841 ; A. J. McDowell, 1842 ; S. E. Wright, 1843; Alex. Patton, 1845; A. S. Decker, 1846; Alex. Patton, 1847; Lorenzo English, 1850 ; Wray Thomas, 1861; James G. Bull, 1865; George W. Meeker, 1869; James G. Bull, 1871.

Presidents of City Council. — Eobert W. McCoy, who had been a member of the borough council from its first organiza- tion in 1816, was made the first president of the new city council in 1834, and was continued in that office by successive re-elections until his resignation in July, 1853. William Miner was elected to fill the vacancy. The succeeding presidents were: Theodore Comstock, elected in 1854; Henry Wilson, 1855; Theodore Comstock, 1856; Luther Donaldson, 1859; Jacob Eeinhard, 1863; Grafton Douty, 1865.

124 STUDHR's COLaMBQS, OHIO.

In 1866, the contest in the election of a President was con- tinued from the first meeting of the council, in April, to the 16th of that month, when Theodore Comstock was declared elected on the 287th ballot. The validity of this election being disputed, and the Democratic members not attending, there was no meeting of the council for the transaction of business, until July 26th, when, by agreement, a meeting was held, at which Mr . Comstock tendered his resignation as president, and Luther Donaldson was elected to that office.

Jacob Eeinhard was elected president of the council in 1867, and William Naghten in 1868 and again in 1869. Mr. Naghten having been killed by being accidentally run over by a railroad train, on the 7th of January, 1870, Luther Donaldson was elected to till the vacancy, and was continued president of the council till 1872, when Theodore Comstock wa.s elected to the office.

Eecorders. — William T. Martin, 1834; William Miner, 1839, and Joseph Eidgway, Jr., 1843, and continued till 1850, when the office was abolished.

City Clerks.— B. F.Martin, 1840; Joseph Dowdall, 1857; J. J. Funston, 1861; Joseph Dowdall, 1864; Levi E. Wilson, 1866.

City Treasurers. — William Long, appointed in 1834; Jona- than Nocreamer, 1836 ; John Greenwood, 1838; William Arm- strong, 1843 ; Thomas P. .Morten, 1862.

By act of the Legislature, passed April 29, 1862, the office of city treasurer was abolished in cities of the second class, and the county treasurer was required to discharge the duties of such city treasurer.

City Solicitors. — This office was created in 1851, and filled by appointment or election as follows : James L. Bates, 1851 • Henry F. Page, 1852 ; Henry C. Noble, 1852 ; Emory Butler' 1853 ; James A. Wilcox, 1854 ; Francis Collins, 1861 ; Hawley J. Wylie, 1865; E. F. Bingham, 1867 ; Francis Collins, 1871.

City Marshals.— Abraham Stotts, 1834; Geo. B. Harvey 1836; Ceo. Eiorden, 1843; Geo. B. Harvey, 1844; John Whit- zell, 1847; John H. Turney, 1851; James Stephens, 1852; H. M. Warkoman, 1854 ; John B, Coffroth, 1857 ; Samuel Thomp-

MUNICIPAL (30VEIINMENT. 125

won, 18G1 ; Adam Stephens, 18G5 ; Patrick Murphy, 1866; Charles Engelke, 1869.

CiTr Surveyors. — C. E. Prczriminsky, 1831; J. A. Lapham, 1835 ; Nathaniel Medberry, 1836 ; John Field, 1837 ; Uriah Lathrop, 1838 ; X. B. Kelly, 1841 ; Uriah Lathrop, 1814. In 1857, the office -was superseded by that of city civil engineer.

CiTT Civil Engineers. — Philip D. Pisher, 1857 ; H. W. Jaeger, 1868 ; Benjamin F. Bowen, 1869 ; John Graham, 1872.

Clerks or Superintendents op Markets. — Abraham Stotts, 1834; George B. Harvey, 1836; George Eiorden, 1843; John ■\Yhitzell, 1844; George B. Harvey, 184^5; Jacob Turney, 1846; George B. Harvey, 1848 ; Isaac Marple, 1852 ; J. W. Watson, 1855 ; Samuel Eoss, 1857 ; Benjamin Monett, 1859 ; Daniel McAl- lister, 1863 ; J. J. Funston, 1865 ; John G. Hartman, 1867 ; C. K. Cuckler, 1869.

Street Commissioners. — JohnN". Dellicker, 1857; Washington Dickson, 1859 ; Bernard McNally, 1863 ; Lorenz Aumiller, 1869.

Divlsion into Wards. — The city, under the original charter of 1834, Tvas divided into three wards, each represented by four trustees or councilmen. In February, 1846, it was redistricted into five wards. The First ward included all the municipality north of Gay street ; the Second, all between Gay and State streets ; the Third, all between State and Eich streets ; the fourth, all between Eich and Mound streets, and the Fifth, all south of Mound street.

Each ward was to be represented by three trustees or council- men, making the council consist of fifteen members. But, bj' an act of the Legislature, passed May 3, 1852, for the organiza- tion of cities and incorporated villages, the number of council- men was fixed at two from each ward. Under this act two coun- cilmen were elected from each ward on the first Monday of April, 1853. A doubt having arisen as to the true construction of that part of the act relating to the holding over of council- men whose terms had not expired, two of these from each ward held over, so that the new council for 1853 consisted of twenty members, or four from each ward. The next year, it consisted of three members from each ward, and in 1855, it was reduced

126 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

to ten members, or two from each ward, the number required by the act of 1853. And such has been the rule since.

The city in 1862 was divided into nine wards, each compi-is- ing the following territory ;

First Ward. — All lying north of Broad street, west of the center of High street, and south of the center of North Public Lane extended.

The Second Ward.— All south of the center of Gay street extended, east of the center of High street, and north of the center of State street extended.

The Third Ward. — All south of the center of State street, east of the center of High, and north of the center of Eich street, and east of East Public Lane — the south boundarj- run- nino- alonff the north line of Eickly's subdivision extended.

The Fourth Ward. — All east of the center of High street, and between the Third ward and Mound street.

The Fifth Ward. — All east of the canal, and between the centers of Mound street and South Public Lane, and the Living- ston road.

The Sixth Ward. — All south of the Fifth ward. The Seventh Ward. — All south of the center line of Broad street, west of High, and north of the center of Mound street.

The Eighth Ward. — All east of the center of High street, and between the center line of Gay street extended and North Public Lane, to the eastern limit of the city.

The Ninth Ward. — All north of the center of North Public Lane.

In 1872 the citj- was divided into eleven Avards, the present number, each including the following territory :

The First Ward, — All between the center of Broad street extended west to the corporation line, and the center of Nagh- ten street extended west to the same line, and west of the center of High street.

The Second AYard, — All oast of the center of High street, and between the center of Gay street extendeil east to the cor- poration line, and the center of State street extended east to the same lino.

The Third Ward. — All east of the center of High street, and

MUNICIPAL GOVEENMENT. 127

between the center of State street extended east to the corpora- tion line, and the center of Eicli street extended east to the same line.

The Fourth Ward. — All east of the center of High street, and between the center of Eich street extended east to the cor- poration line, and the center of Mound street extended east to the same line.

The Fifth \Yard. — All ea.st of the center of High street, and between the center of Mound extended east to the corporation line, and the center of South Public Lane, extended east to the same line.

The Sixth Ward. — All east of the center of High street, ex- tended south to the corporation line, and south of the center of South Public Lane, extended east to the same line.

The Seventh Ward. — All west of the center of High street, and between the center of Broad street extended west to the corporation line, and the center of Mound street extended west to the same line.

The Eighth Ward. — All east of the center of High street, and between the center of Gay street extended east to the cor- poration line, and the center of Naghten street, and the center of the Johnstown road, extended east to the corporation line.

The Ninth Ward. — All east of the center of High street ex- tended along the center of the Columbus and Worthington plank-road to the north line of the corj)oration, and north of the center of ISTaghten street and the center of the Johnstown road, extended east to the corporation line.

The Tenth Ward. — All west of the center of High street ex- tended along the center of the Columbus and Worthington plank-road to the north corjDoration line, and north of the cen- ter of ISTaghten street extended west to the corporation line.

The Eleventh Ward. — All west of the center of High street extended south to the corporation line, and south of the center of Mound street extended west to the same line.

128 STUDBr's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

CITY FINANCES.

The following Btatements are taken from the reports of the Standing Committee of Waj's and Means and of the City Clerk to the City Council, for the fiscal year ending April 8, 1872:

General Expense Fund. — The receipts were:

The balance remaining in the treasury, April 8,

1871, was $513 10

Amount received from tlie collection of June taxes,

1871 59,737 13

Amount received from the collection of December

taxes, 1871 87,199 91

Amount received from George W. Meeker, Mavor,

fines, etc ."..... 19 00

Amount received from James G. Bull, Mavor, fines,

etc 3,505 85

Amount received from L. E. Wilson, City Clerk,

licenses ". 509 00

Amount received from L. E. Wilson. City Clerk,

tapjjing sewers 430 00

Amount received from C. K. Cuckler, Clerk of

Market 2,269 15

Amount received from miscellaneous sources 476 05

Here must also be added a temporarj- loan, due M'ational Exchange Bank, and borrowed in an- ticipation of June taxes 15,000 00

Total receipts, including balance §169,659 19

The disbursements were :

Total for the fiscal year, ending April 8, 1872 $169,217 78

Balance in the treasury, April 8, 1872 441 41

Among the disbursements were the following expenditures : On account of the City Hall, 139,839.61 ; on account of Main Sewers, |!101, 090. 79 ; total amount on account of Water-Avorks, $253,220.61 ; total expenditures on account of the City Police Department, $21,912.63; on account of the Fire Department, $21,936.72; on acecouut of Street Commissioner and Chain Gano-, $13,005.81; on aceount of Goodale Park, §5,542.53; on account of Cily Park, 15,855,02; on account of Gas and Eepairs,

MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT. 129

$17,855.51; for . salaries of City Oflacers, 19,068,60; interest on City Plall Bonds, $11,239 ; on Water -works Bonds, $28,000 ; on Main Sewer Bonds,$ll,320.

City Levies. — The city levies in 1871, by the city council, were seven and one-half mills, or, in other words, seventy -five cents on one hundred dollars valuation, as follows ;

For general city purposes 8-10 of one mill.

For lire department 3-4 of one mill.

For police department 9-10 of one mill.

For sanitary and street-cleaning purposes ... 1-2 of one mill.

For gas, gas-lamps, and posts 3-4 of one mill.

For improving and embellishing City Park.. 1-4 of one mill.

For Goodale Pai-k 1-4 of one mill.

For repairs on Avharf 1-10 of one mill.

For opening and widening streets 2-10 of one mill.

For interest on bonds 3 mills.

Total 7 1-2 mills.

Value of Eeal Estate and Chattel Property. — The total valuations of property on the city duplicate, for the year 1871, in old corporate limits, were as follows :

Eeal estate $13,865,180 00

Chattel property 7,648,704 00

Total taxable valuation $21,513,884 00

The new territory annexed to the city will increase the taxable valuation between $2,000,000 and $3,000,000.

City Funded Debt. — The funded debt of the city, created by the city council, is as follows;

Main sewer seven per cent, bonds, interest j)ayable semi-annually, dated August 1, 1868, and pay- able'20 years afterdate $100,000 00

City Hall seven per cent, bonds, interest payable semi-annually, dated March 1, 1869, and pay- able 20 years afterdate 125,000 00

City Hall eight per cent, bonds, interest payable semi-annually, dated March 1, 1871, and pay- able 15 years afterdate 25,000 00

130 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

Water -works eight per cent, bonds, interest pay- able semi-annually, dated June 1, 1870, and payable 15 years after date, or at any time after six years, at the pleasure of the city ^250,000 00

Water-works eight per cent, bonds, interest pay- able semi-annually, dated June 1, 1871, and payable 15 years after date, or at any time after six years, at the pleasure of the city 250,000 00

Main sewer eight per cent, bonds, interest pay- able semi-annually, dated December 1, 1870, and payable 15 j-e^ars after date 83,000 00

Main sewer eight per cent, bonds, interest pay- able semi-annuallj", dated June 1, 1871, and payable 15 years a'fter date 25,000 00

City Hall eight per cent, bonds, interest payable semi-annually, dated March 1, 1871, and pay- able 15 years after date 10,000 00

City Hall eight per cent, bonds, interest payable semi-annually, dated March 1, 1872, and pay- able 15 years after date, or at any time after six years, at the pleasure of the city 20,000 00

Total funded debt April 8, 1872 §888,000 00

THE STEAM AND PAID FIRE DEPARTMENT.

In the year 1854, a committee of the city council of Colum- bus reported in favor of purchasing a steam fire-engine. This report was printed, and circulated among the citizens, together with a minority report. The city council of Cincinnati, in 1852, had witnessed a public experiment with a steam fire- engine in that city, and contracted for a steam-engine on the same plan. This engine was placed in service under a companj' or- ganized and put under pay by the city. Thus the first paid fire company to operate with steam, was brought into existence, the first of the kind in this age or country. In 1853, a few months later, their entire five department was changed from hand to steam. It was a great step forward for the benefit of the Queen City and the whole country. The purchase of a steam fire- ongine for Columbus was now determined on, but the transition from the old to the new system was not, however, made without difficulties. It needed firmness and determination to stem the tide of opposition. These qualities were found in the chairman

MCNICrPAL GOVERXMEXT.

131

ol the standing committee on the fire department, Luther Don- aldson, who took the matter in hand. Through his indefatiga- ble exertions, Columbus was the fourth city in the country to

GAY STREET ENGINE HOUSE.

adopt a Steam and paid fire department. A new fire ordinance was adopted October 29, 1855. The same year, C. M. Eidgway

132 STUDER S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

was elected engineer to take charge of the engine T\-hen it should arrive. J. C. Kenyon was elected chief engineer. On the 8th of September, the committe an fire department, Messrs. Donaldson, Decker, and Hume started for Cincinnati, to witness the trial of our new steamer Columbus, for such was then its name. In the trial it burst one of its steam-pipes, and our citi- zens were disappointed in not receiving their engine at the ap- pointed time. On Friday. October 2, the long looked-for engine arrived, accompanied by its builder, Mr. Latta. An entertain- ment was given in honor of the occasion at the Xeil House. The engine was accepted by the city authorities and placed in the house then recentlj' erected for it on Third street. The cost of the engine was S6,000. Thus, Cincinnati was the first, New Orleans the second, Boston the third, and Columbus the fourth, in bringing about tliis great change.

At a meeting of the city council on Xovenrber 19, 1S60, Joseph H. Eiley offered a resolution looking to the purchasing of two steam fire-engines. A committee of practical engineers, citizens of Columbus, was ajjpointod to examine and report to the council in regard to the utility of purchasing the steam rotary fire-engine, constructed by H. C. Silsby, of Seneca Falls, New York. This committee reported, on the evening of Decem- ber 11th, in favor of purchasing the engine. The council accepted their report, and the following resolution was adopted :

"Whereas, A committee of practical engineers, citizens of Columbus, has presented a unanimous report in fiivor of the steam fire-engine, manufactured by H. C. Silsby, which has been on exhibition and trial for several days, since which time the expression favorable to the increase of steam power in lieu of hand-engines is found to be quite general ; therefore, be it

" Bcsolved, That so much of the resolution instructing the purchasing of hand-engines, etc.. be and the same is hereby re- scinded, and a first class steamer for seiwice be substituted."

The council now enacted a new fire ordinance, placing the fire de])artnient under the ccuitrol of one head, and, lookino- to the interest of theAvhole community, selected by a unanimous vote, .lohn Miller, banker, as the future chief who undertook the task of organizing and bringing the new department into

MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT.

133

working order. Under his administration the third steamer ■was purchased. And after serving as chief engineer for nearly three years, he tendered his resignation to the council, which was, with reluctance, accej)ted by that body. The Columbus steam fire department had met the expectations of its early friends. The superiority of the steam system was now a fixed fact; its siiperioritj- over muscular power had been demon- strated.

SOUTH HIGH STREET ENtllNE HOUSE.

The chiefs of the Fire Department succeeding Mr. Miller were Isaac H. Marrow, from 1864 to 1868, and William S. Huffman, from 1868 to 1869. Henry Heinmiller, the present chief, as- sumed the office in 1869.

Present Officers and Members of the Columbus Fire Department. — The Standing Committee on Fire Dejiartment — • Theodore Comstock, chairman ; George Beck, Lorenzo English, Jonas Pletsch, David F. Suydam.

134 STUDEK'S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

Engineei-s of Steamers — Westly McClain, H. S. Layton, Lu- cas Becker.

riremen of Steamers — Wellington Eiddle, Ebenezer Myers.

Drivers of Steamers — John PeitHer, J. W. Curts.

Hosemen — Levi Thompson, Nicholas EuiBng, L. H. Peck.

Hook and Ladder — James Cleary, George ~W. Dickson.

Messenger — John Davidson.

Sajjerintendent Fire Alarm Telegraph — Charles Coffroth.

Chief Engineer — H. Heinmiller.

The Pire Alakji Telegraph System. — This system was put in successful operation in Octoher, 1868. For several yearns prior to that time, the locality of a fire had been designated by Hignals and alarm bells striking the number of a ward or dis- trict. In 1870-71, the telegraph system was greatly improved and extended. Its cost was about §6,000. Locked boxes are provided, the keys of which are kept at designated jjlaces. These boxes contain an apjiaratus that, by a simple motion, en- ables anj'body to send an alarm to the central station. The localities of these boxes are annually published. The engine- houses and the water-works are all connected by telegi-aph lines. Immediately on the discovery of a fire, the engine-houses are notified of the fact, and the whole city, by the tapping of the bell in the tower of the Second Presbyterian Church, and the sounding of the gongs at the engine-houses and the water-works. By the tapping of the bell and the gongs, the exact locality of the fire is made known.

There are twenty -one alarm-boxes. TVhen a fire occurs, all that is needed is to unlock the box and piull down the hook, then the bell at the church, and the gongs at the engine-houses and the water-works strike at the same time the signal of the box which is heard all over the city. Each signal-box has its own number of sounds, by which it is known. The wires are also connected with alarm-bells in each engine-house, and communi- cation between the engine-houses and the water-works is carried on by the sending of telegraphic signals. The police are pro- vided with keys to the signal-boxes, and keys to each sitrnal- box are also placed at some convenient point in the immediate

MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT.

135

. vicinity, so that the box can be opened and the alarm sounded at a moment's warning.

Our excellent system of Fire Alarm Telegraph, inaugurated under Colonel Marrow, and completed under Captain Hein- miller's administration, is superintended by Charles A. Coffroth. Alarm Boxes. — The following is the location of the twenty- one alarm -boxes :

stationed at Gay Street Engine House.

stationed at Third Street Engine House.

stationed at South High Street Engine House.

stationed at Middletown.

stationed at Ohio Penitentiary.

stationed at Union Depot.

stationed at Columbus Cabinet Company.

stationed at County Infirmary.

stationed at Blind Asylum.

stationed at Deaf and Dumb Asylum.

stationed at corner of Long and Se'<^enth streets.

stationed at Neil House.

stationed at corner of Eich and High streets.

stationed at corner of Fourth and Friend streets.

stationed on Fifth, between Broad and Oak streets.

stationed at corner of Seventh and'JVIound streets.

stationed at corner of College and High streets.

stationed at corner of Fourth and South Public

stationed at corner of Spring and Water streets- stationed at High Street Car Stables, stationed at Hocking Valley Eailroad Shops. Engine Houses. — There are three two-story brick engine- houses, with stables attached, belonging to the Fire Department — the Gay Street, the Donaldson, and the South High Street Engine House. The company at the first-named house has been re- cently disbanded, the water-works enabling the authorities to decrease the force of the flre department.

Engines. — The department has four first-class rotary steam- engines, built by H. C. Silsby, Seneca Falls, New York. These are Steamer No. 1, the Ben. Blake, purchased in 1860, and sta-

Box No.

9

^5

Box No.

3,

Box No.

4,

Box No.

5,

Box No.

6,

Box No.

7,

Box No.

12,

Box No.

13,

Box No

14,

Box No.

15,

Box No.

17,

Box No.

21,

Box No.

23,

Box No.

24,

Box No.

25,

Box No.

26,

Box No.

31,

Box No.

32,

Lane.

Box No.

34,

Box No.

35,

Box No.

41,

136 STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

tioned at the Gay Street Engine House ; Steamer No. 2, the Jo- sephEidgway, jourchased in 18(31, and stationed at the South High Street Engine House ; Steamer No. 3, the John Miller, purchased in 1863, and stationed at the Donaldson Engine House ; and Steamer No. 4, the Luther Donaldson, purchased in 1867, and also stationed at the Donaldson Engine House. Of these en- gines, Steamers Nos. 2 and 3 are not in service.

Hose and Hose-reels. — There were in the deijartment, April 1, 1872, six hose-reels, two with wooden and four with iron wheels, with 4,100 feet of oak-tanned leather hose and 2,000 feet of rubber hose in good order.

Hook and Ladder. — The department has one first-class truck, with ladders, hooks, axes, and lanterns, all complete and in good order.

Stock. — The department has ten horses, all owned by the city, and stationed : three at the Gaj' Street Engine House, two for the engine and one for the hose-reel, and one extra horse, used by the chief engineer ; five at the Donaldson Engine House, two for the engine, two for the hook and ladder, and one for the hose-reel.

Wells and Cisterns. — The water-works having been during 1871 fully established in the citj- limits, as they were before the recent annexation of territory-, it was not deemed necessarv to keep the city wells in rep)air. The cisterns are kept full of water from the water -works. There are seventy-nine city fire cisterns and fifty-eight city wells.

Expense. — The department runs two steam-engines, three hose-reels, and one hook and ladder, with one chief ent;ineer one superintendent of fire-alarm telegrapih, and twelve fire- men, making a total of sixteen men, running a fire department in a citj' of thirtj^-five thousand inhabitants, at an expenditure, from March 31, 1871, to April 8, 1872: for salary of chief en- gineer, ¥1,166.66; ?600 for salary of superintendent of the fire-alarm telegraph ; §7,846.16 tor other ordinary expenses ; making a total of $12,676.60.

It is now about twenty years since the subject of a water supply for Columbus, otherwise than by the excavation of wells, engaged the attcnti n of many of its most enterprisimj and iu- tolligent citizens. In April, 1853, Ex-Governor Donnison, then

MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT.

137

CITY WATER-WORKS.

a member of the city council, procured the unanimous adop- tion of a resolution instructing the general improvement com- mittee to inquire into the practicability of the city's establishing water-works, and to report at the earliest possible daJ^ The committee referred to, consisted at that time of John N"oble, Eobert Howe, Benj. Blake, Thco. Comstock, L. Hoster, and M. P. Howlet. In March, 1854, the committee made a report of surveys relative to water-works, which was recommitted, with instructions to make further surveys. No other report on the subject from that committee apj)ears of record.

Joseph Sullivant, in Juno, 1855, by invitation, delivered an address to the couaicil, on supplying the city with pure water, which, on motion of Mr. Gei'e, was ordered to be printed in pamphlet form.

In August, 1859, Jos. H. Eiley presented to the council a plan and estimate of cost for constructing water-M'orks, by J. Ball, of Jersey City, who had been for many j^ears engaged in building such works. Mr. Eiley then obtained the adoption of a resolu- tion appointing Joseph Sullivant, Dr. L. Goodale, John Andrews, Geo. Gere, S. Medary, John Miller (banker), and L. Hoster, to examine the report o J. Ball on city water-works, and report as

138 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

early as practicable. This committee spent. some time and labor in examining the water of Alum creek and Olentangy river, but for aught that appears to the contrary, made no report to the city council.

On motion of E. B. Armstrong, in May, 1863, a resolution was adopted, by virtue of which E. B. Armstrong, John Graham, W. Failing, G. Douty, and John G. Thompson were appointed a committee to inquire into the practicability of the construction of water-works for the city, and to report at as early a day as practicable.

On the 20th of March, 1865, Mr. Armstrong, from the select committee on water -works, presented to the council a report, signed by E. B. Armstrong, John Graham, G. Douty, and John G. Thompson, which was referred to the committe on unfinished business. In the report as referred, the committee state that thej^ had visited several of the most important water -works in the country, and had acquired much valuable information. They had also caused survej's to be made and streams to be measured, with careful analysis of the waters, proving eminently satisfac- tory.

Subsequently another committee was raised, consisting of Luther Donaldson, Jacob Eeinhard, "Wm. Xaghten. E. B. Arm- strong, James Patterson, Fred. Jaeger, and C. P. L. Butler, who, near the close of the j-ear 1S68, made a report in favor of the Holly water-works.

On Monday evening, February 7, 1S70. the city council, at a regular meeting, ratified a contract with the Holly Manufactur- ing Conipan3-, of Lockport, New York, by which the company agreed to furnish Holly's patent elliptical rotary pumps, with capacity to throw six one-inch streams of water, at the same time, to a distance of one hundred and fifty feet in the city of Columbus, without interrupting the steady supply of water for the city for domestic purposes — the punips to have the capacitv to i'urnish in the aggregate four million gallons of water dailv for domestic purposes. And also one gang-pTtmp. consisting; of six separate force pum]is, so arranged in construction as to be operated by eccentric cams in such a manner that the plungers take suction alternately at one-sixth length of stroke, or that no

MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT. 13U

two plungers take suction in unison; therefore dispensing en- tirely with cessation in tlie discharge, and giving as nearly as practicable a uniform flow and pressure to the city jjipes. These pumps to be erected in a large east-iron frame, ornamented, with capacity to discharge for domestic use two million gallons of water daily. And, also.

One set of double-cylinder, quarter-crank and variable cut- off condensing-jiiston steam-engines, erected on a large heavy iron frame, and of suiHcient power to perform the work spec- ified. Also,

One rotary steam-engine, capable of driving either pump for domestic or fire purposes; three large steam-boilers, with ca- pacity to perform the work specified; one donkey engine, with capacity adequate to all its requirements. Also,

All shafting connecting the engines with the jJumps ; all nec- essary geai-s, bearings, pillow-blocks, and belts, to connect the machinery; all steam and water connecting -pipes, steam and water-gauges ; all valves recjuired, including one large safety- valve for the purpose of discharging the surplus water from alS the pumps, and a graduating hydrostatic balance connected therewith; one self-acting lever- valve to each pump, so ar- ranged as to close the aperture or connection between the pumps, when either one or two are not in use. Also,

An automatic apparatus operated by hj-drostatic pressure, and so arranged as to control the pressure of water in the pipes, varying the same as raaj be needed for fire streams or domestic use; one condenser and one heater containing one hundred flues; all spring couplings, steam safety-valves for boilers, and all other machinery not herein enumerated, but required to finish said machinery in a complete and workmanlike manner, and adapt the same for the use for which it is intended, not in- cluding water-suction and discharge-piijes, or any work on building or smoke-stack, or foundation for machinerj^ or boilers. The company to pay the cost of tran8f)ortation and set up the machinery in a good and workmanlike manner, finished and comjjlete in the city of Columbus, for the sum of $55,000.

Officers. — At the April election, 1870, William Monypeny. Richard Ifevins, and Charles Ambos were chosen trnstees of

140 STUDER'S COtUMBlTS, OHIO.

the Columbus water-works. At the succeeding April election, William B.Hayden was chosen in place of William Mon5T^)en3'. No change was made in the board at the election in 1872.

The trustees, in 1870, appointed J. L. Pillsbury, chief engineer of construction, and Charles M. Eidgway, in 1871, superin- tendent of the works. The present superintendent is Frank Doherty.

The secretary of the board is J. E. Armstrong, ajjpointed in 1870, and the engineer of the works is John Kilroy, appointed in 1871.

Progress of the Works.— Mr. Pillsbury, chief engineer of construction, on the 23d of May, 1870, commenced, under the direction of the trustees, preparing specifications for pipe- laj'ing, pipe-making, and trenching, and for building-stone and other materials for beginning the construction of water-works for the city of Columbus. Measures Avero taken for a vigorous prosecution of the work, and contracts made tor the construction of its main poi'tions. So far had it progressed that, on the 6th of March, 1871, abundant streams of water were thrown through hose in the State-house yard.

Forty-two permits for taking water were issued by the secre- tary previous to April 1, 1871. The General Assembly had. on the ItJth of January' previous, by joint resolution, authorized the trustees to excavate trenches across the Public Square, in front of the Capitol, and lay the necessary pipes and fixtures for the extension of the water-works of the city.

By the first of April, 1872, water-pipes had been laid through- out nearly the entire built-up portion of the city to operate as a fire protection. Tliis involved the crossing of the river at a point immediately west of the penitentiary, with a ten-inch wrought-iron pil>o.

Lenqtu of Pipe Laiii. — There had been laid, on the first of April 1872, throughout the city for distributing mains, of cast- irmi ]iipes, varying in size troni fiuir to twenty inches in diam- eter, 12M,2ti4 feet, or twenty-three miles and thirty-four one- hundredths of a mile. Besides these, there hatl also boon laid, for small distributing nniins, Ki,900 feet of wrought-iron pipe, varying in size from three-fourths of an inch to two inches in

MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT. 141

diameter. This made a total of nearly twenty-seven miles of pipe.

Fire Protection. — As in the general distribution of pipes, fire protection was considered of the first importance, fire- hj-drants have been placed throughoxTt the city at verj^ con- venient distances apart. There were, on the first of April, 184 Holly fire-hydrants, each having two outlets. Eeferring to this subject of fire protection, the trustees, in their last report, re- mark :

"With the late improvements in the boilers, together with the strength and capacity of the pipes, we are perfectly safe in say- ing that we have one of the most reliable fire protections in the country, which fact should greatly reduce insurance upon the property of our citizens."

Valves. — There are distributed throughout the lines of mains, of various sizes, 113 stop-valves. This distribution of valves precludes the possibility of the sto^jpage of the water supply from any cause, excejit the giving out of the large twenty-inch main, running from the works, on Spring street, as far east as Center alley.

"Water Supply. — The machinery was started on the 1st of May, 1871, on regular domestic water supply, and the engines kept in constant use day and night. Throughout the dry sea- son of last year, the supply of water was suflicient for all do- mestic purposes ; and only on an occasion or two, during fires, was the water from the river used. On the 1st of April last, the works were raising from the well about 550,000 gallons in twenty-four hours ; and the surface of the water in the well, at this rate, stood three feet below the surface of the river, with seven feet of water over the surface of the suction-pipes.

Up to March 31, 1872, there had been issued 772 water per- mits. Water was then used from 702 hydrants or stop-cocks. In many cases, several families, offices, dwellings, etc., were awp- plied from the same hydrant. The total number of months for which water was paid for by all consumers, during the year end- ing March 31, 1872, was 6,010. The time paid tor varied fi-om one month to twelve. The average number of months to each consumer or hydrant was about eight and one-half The aver-

142 studer's columbos, ohio.

age amount paid by each was 814.82. The largest amount j)aid by any one con.sumcr during the year was 6220.(50, and the smallest amount 42 cents. There were in use 48 meters by con- sumers, who paid water-rent according to the number of gallons used. Water had been su23j)lied during the year,- for building jjurposes, as follows : For 5,183,793 brick, for 9,455 perches of stone, and for 53,303 yards of plastering ; besides, 9,220 barrels had been furnished to builders. The amount received for this water supply was $816.12.

Eeceipts and Disbursements. — For the two years ending March 31, 1872, the receipts were: From permits to connect with service-pipe, $7,997.07; and from water-rents, 811,218.81, making a total of 319,210.48.

For the same period, the receipts from all sources were $459,123.69, and the disbursements $444,053.59, leaving a bal- ance on hand March 31, 1872, of $15,070.10.

Deducting $19,754.08 receipts from old materials sold, permits and water-rents, from the total of disbursements for the two years ending March 31, 1872, $444,053.59, makes the nc^t cost of the water- works to that date $424,299 51

Cost of pipe delivered on the ground $198,000

Paid Holly Manufticturing Conipanv for machinery

and boilers " '. '.. 55,000

Water- works grounds 8,000

Making $201,000

This last amount of money was the actual cost of the above items, delivered on the ground, not including the cost of founda- tions for the machinery, the buildings themselves, the well, or the laying of pipes, together with the hydrants and valves, lead, levee, embankment and earth filling, or any portion M'hat- ever of the consti-uction.

COURTS AND COUNTY OFFICES. 143

CHAPTEE IX.

THE COURTS AND COTJXTY OFFICES.

After Columbus became, in 1824, the county-seat of Frank- lin county, the courts were held in the United States court- house, on the Public Sqviare, north of the old State buildings until 1840, when they were removed to the county, court-house.

The Scpeejie Court. — Prior to 1824, the annual sessions of this court for Franklin county were held in Franklinton, and afterward in Columbus. The court in bank, a kind of special session of the Supreme Court, organized in 1823, and consisting of the four supreme judges, any three of whom might be a quorum in bank, was also held annually in Columbus, and its decisions reported.

By the present State Constitution, which took etfect SeiJtem- ber 1, 1851, the Supreme Court consists of five judges, elected for five years, a majority of whom constitute a quorum. It is required to hold at least one term in each year at the State capital. Since the completion of the State-house, it has held its terms in the rooms assigned it in that building.

In one of these rooms is the Law Library, in charge of a li- brarian appointed by the court for three years under the act passed February 9, 1867. This library is a branch of the State Library, and contained, November 15, 1871, 5,142 volumes. The first law librarian appointed was James H. Beebe, of this city, whose office is a permanent one.

The clerk of the Court of Common Pleas of Franklin county was also clerk of the Supreme Court while in session at the State capital, until the taking effect of the act of March 29, 1865, which provided for the triennial election of a clerk of that court at the State election in October. His office is in a room assigned him in the State capital, adjoining the room in which the ses- sions of the court are held. Eodnej' Foos, of Clinton county, was elected clerk of the Supreme Court in 1865, and re-elected in 1868, and again in 1871.

144

STUDER S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

COURTS AND COUNTY OFFICES. 145

Among the official reporters appointed by the Supreme Court to report its decisions, have been from this city P. B. Wilcox, in 1840-41 ; James H. Smith, in 1854, and L. J. Critchfield, first ap- pointed in 1856, and still holding the office. Columbus has fur- nished two judges of the Supreme Court, Gustavus and Joseph R. Swan, both of whom had previously been judges of the Court of Common Pleas.

Court op Common Pleas. — In 1824, when the sessions of this court for Franklin county were transferred from Franklinton to Columbus, the judges were Gustavus Swan, president judge, and Edward Livingston, Samuel G. Flenniken, and Arora But- tles, associate judges. These judges, as well as the judges of the Supreme Court, were, previous to the going into effect of the present State Constitution, elected by the Legislature. The president judges of our Court of Common Pleas under the Con stitution of 1802, after Gustavus Swan, were Frederick Grimke, elected in 1830 ; Joseph E. Swan, in 1834, and J. L. Torbet, in 1848.

The changes in the associate judges of the Franklin Common Pleas, after 1824, were as follows :

1829 — William McBlvain elected in Livingston's place ; 1831 — • Arora Buttles and Samuel G. Flenniken, both re-elected ; 1836 — Adam Eeed,in place of William McElvain ; 1837— William Mc- Elvain, in place of Buttles ; 1838 — Christian Heyl, in place of A. Eeed, deceased, and Samuel G. Flenniken, re-elected; 1843- — ■ James Dalzell, appointed in place of William McElvain, de- ceased ; 1844 — John A. Lazell, elected in place of James Dal- zell ; 1845 — John Landes, in place of Flenniken, deceased, and C. Heyl, re-elected ; 1851— William T. Martin, in place of Dalzell.

By our present Constitution, the State is divided into nine Common Pleas districts, and each district into subdivisions, in which Common Pleas judges are elected for five years by popu- lar vote. Franklin, Pickaway, and Madison counties comprise the third subdivision of the fifth judicial district. James L. Bates, of Columbus, was elected Common Pleas judge for this subdivision in 1851, re-elected in 1856, and for the third time in 1861. In 1866, John L. Green, also of this city, succeeded Judge Bates, who declined a re-election. In 1871, Judge Green

146 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

was re-elected. Joseph Olds, of Circleville, is an additional Com- mon Pleas judge in this subdivision.

District Court. — This court, usually held by three Common Pleas judges of the proper judicial district, generally holds a short annual term in Franklin, as in other counties. The clerk of the Common Pleas is also clerk of the District Court, so that before the passage of the act of 18G5, making the oflSce of clerk of the SujH-eme Court an elective one, the clerk of the Frank- lin Common Pleas was also clerk of the Supreme and District. Courts, as -n-ell as clerk of the Superior Court of Franklin county during its continuance.

Superior Court. — The Superior Court of Franklin county -was established by act of March 27, 1857, as a sort of adjunct to the Common Pleas, -^vith a single judge elected by poj^ular vote for five years, and having jurisdiction only in civil cases. Fitch James Matthews, of Columbus, was elected in April, 1857, judge of this court, and re-elected in 1862. Before the expiration of his term of office. Judge Matthews resigned on account of fail- ing health, and J. William Baldwin, of this city, was appointed his successor. The Legislature, by an act which took etfect April 1, 1865, abolished the court, and transferred its unfinished business to the Court of Common Pleas of Franklin county.

Probate Court.— Under the constitution of 1802, the Courts of Common Pleas had jurisdiction of probate matters, which were generally disposed of by the associate judges for each county. But the constitution of 1851, divested the Common Pleas of this jurisdiction, and established a Probate Court in each county, to be holden by a single judge, elected by the peo- ple of the county for three years. At first, the Probate Court of this county, as well as others in the State, had jurisdiction in minor criminal cases. That jurisdiction was, however, taken away from our Probate Court, by an act of the Legislature, passed in May, 1862. The following is a list of the" Probate Judges elected in Franklin county, all of whom were and are still residents of Columbus : William E. Eankin, elected in 1851 ; William Jamison, elected in 1854; Herman B. Atbery, elected in 1857, and re-elected iu I860; and John M, Pugh, elected in 1863, and ro-olected in 1866, 1S6',1, and 1872.

COURTS AND COUNTY OFFICES. 147

COTTNTY OFFICERS.

Common Pleas Clerks. — Before the adoption of the present State Constitution, a clerl: of the Common Pleas "was appointed by that court in each county, for the term of seven years. In 1 824, Abram I. McDowell was clerk of the Franklin Common Pleas, having been appointed in 1815, to succeed Lyne Starling, who, in 1810, had been appointed the successor of Lucas Sulli- vant, the first clerk of the court, appointed in 1803.

McDowell had been reappointed in 1822, and was again re- appointed in 1829. His successors weer :

1836 — Elijah Backus, appointed pro tempore, and continued until

1838 — March 15, when Lj-ne Starling was appointed.

1845 — Lyne Starling reappointed, but resigned in Febru- ary, 1846.

1846 — February 21, Lewis Heyl appointed, and continued to hold the appointment until the second Monday of February, 1852, when it was vacated by the Constitution of 1851.

The present Constitution provides for the election by the voters in each county, at the October election, of a clerk of the Com- mon Pleas Court to serve for three years. The following are the clerks elected or appointed under the present Constitution :

Kendall Thomas was elected in 1851, Albert B. Buttles in 1854, and John L. Bryan in 1857. Mr. Bryan having died before the expiration of his term, James H. Smith, February 2, 1859, was appointed to the office, to which he was afterward elected by popular vote. Mr. Smith died during his term, and David W. Brooks, February 3, 1862, was appointed to fill the vacancy. In 1861, Thomas S. Shepard was elected clerk, and re-elected in 1864. C. Lowenstein was elected to the office in 1868, and James S. Abbott in 1871.

Prosecuting Attorneys. — Prior to 1833, this office was filled by appointment of the Court of Common Pleas, and generally for an indefinite time. In 1833, the office was made elective through biennial elections by the voters of the county. In Oc- tober of that year, Josejih E. Swan was elected to the office in this county ; but he having been made Common Pleas judge, P.

148 studer's COLUMBUS, onio.

B. Wilcox was, in 1834, appointed prosecuting attorney, and in the fall of that year elected hy the people. The prosecuting at- torneys elected since have been : Moses H. Kirby, elected in 1836 ; William W. Backus, 1838 ; Lewis Heyl, 1842 ; L. H. Web- ster, 1846 ; Thomas Sparrow, 1848 ; B. F. Martin, 1850; Geo. L. Converse, 1854; J. O. Eeamy, 1856; Milton H. Mann, 1866; E. T. De Lanej^, 1868 ; George K. JSTash, 1870, and re-elected in 1872.

Sheriffs. — The sheriff of this county at the time Columbus became the county-seat, in 1824, was Eobert Brotherton, elected in 1823. In 1825, he was re-elected for another two years. The office was afterward filled by election, as follows : 1827, John McElvain; 1829 and 1831, Eobert Brotherton ; 1833 and 1835, Andrew McElvain ; 1837 and 1839, James Graham ; 1841 and 1843, William Domigan ; 1845 and 1847, John Graham : 1849 and 1851, John Greenleaf ; 1853, Thomas Miller ; 1855, William Miner ; 1857, Silas W. Park ; 1859 and 1861, George W. Huff- man; 1863 and 1865, William Domigan; 1867, George H. Ear- hart, who died November 27, 1868 ; the coroner, Elias Gaver, then filled the office until Samuel Thomp)Son, who was elected in 1869, entered upon its duties. Mi-. Thompson was re-elected in 1871, and is still sheriff.

Coroners. — The coroner of this county, in 1824, was Adam Brotherlin, elected in 1821, and re-elected in 1823. The suc- ceeding coroners have been : Jacob Bbej', elected in 1825 ; Jona- than Neereamer, 1830 ; George Jeffries, 1835, in j>lace of Neereamer, who had resigned ; James Walcutt, 1839 ; A. W. Reader, 1843; Horton Howard, 1845; A. W. Eeader, 1849; James W. Barbee, 1851; A. W. Eeader, 1853; Elias Gaver, 1855; Patrick Eagan, 1869, re-elected in 1871, and still coroner.

County Commissioners. — County commissioners hold their offices for three years, so that regu.larly one is elected in each year. But this order is often broken by the occurrence of va- cancies. In 1824, when Columbus became the county -seat, Eobert Armstrong was elected or appointed commissioner. Prior to that, in 1821, Mr. Armstrong and Horace Walcutt be- came commissioners; .lames Marshall in 1822, and Andrew Dill in 1823.

COURTS AND COUNTY OFFICES. 149

The changes in the board, since 1824, have been as follows : 1825. William Stewart; 1826. John M. Walcutt ; 1827, William McElvain ; 1828, William Stewart ; 1829, Horace Walcutt and William Miner; 1830, Matthew Matthews; 1831, William Stew- art ; 1832, Horace Walcutt, who died the following year ; 1833, John M. White and Matthew Matthews ; Timothy Lee was ap- pointed the same year in place of White, deceased ; 1834, Hiram Andrews, in place of Stewart; 1835, Eobert Lisle; 1836, James Bryden ; 1837, E. W. Cowles, in place of Andrews ; 1838, John Tipton, in place of Lisle ; 1839, James Bryden, re-elected ; 1840, William Kyle, in place of Cowles; 1841, Samuel S. Davis; 1842, John 'Greenwood, in place of Bryden; 1843, William W. Kyle, re-elected; 1844, Samuel S. Davis, re-elected; 1845, John Clark, in place of Greenwood ; 1846, Adams Stewart, in 23lace of Kyle; 1847, Thomas J. Moorman, in place of Davis; 1848, O. P.'Hines, in place of Clark; 1849, Jacob Slj'h, in place of Stewart; 1850, Eli F. Jennings, in place of Moorman; 1851, Jesse Baughman, in place of Hines ; 1852, C. W. Speaks, in place of Slyh; 1853, Edward Livingston, in place of Jen- nings; 1854, Willis Mattoon, in place of Baughman; 1855, Theo- dore Comstock, in place of Speaks ; 1856, Edward Livingston, re-elected; 1857, Mattoon having died, 0. P. Hines was ap- pointed for the remainder of the year ; the same year Isaac White was elected in place of Hines; 1858, David L. Holton, ia place of Comstock ; 1859, Holton resigned in July, and Thomas Sparrow was appointed for the remainder of the year; the same year Jacob Snyder was elected in place of Holton, and Thomas Sparrow in place of Livingston ; 1860, Dennis B. Strait, in place of White; 1861, Jacob Slyh, in place of Snyder; 1862, James W. Barbee, in place of Sparrow; 1863, Dennis B. Strait, re-elected ; 1864, John M. Koenner, in j)lace of Slyh ; 1865, James W. Barbee, re-elected^ 1866, John G. Edwards, in place of Strait; 1867, William Gulick, inpl ace of Koenner; 1868, Eli M. Lisle, in place of Barbee; 1869, J. O. B. Eonick, in place of Edwards ; 1870, in the spring of this year Lisle and Gulick both resigned ; Francis Collins was appointed in place of the former, and William Cooper in pilace of the latter ; in the fall, Cooper was elected in place of Gulick, or for the long term ot

150 STIIDEr"s COLUMBUS, OHIO.

three years; and Frederick Beck, in place of Lisle, or for the short term of one .year; 1871, Beck resigned March 10, and J. P. Bruck was appointed to fill the vacancy, and was elected in October for the long term ; 1872, Adin G-. Hibbs, elected in place of Ecnick. The present county commissioners are : Wm. Cooper, J. P. Bruck, and Adin G. Hibbs.

County Auditors. — Prior to 1824, county auditors were elected annually, and since, biennially. Joseph Grate, who had held the oflRce of auditor of Franklin county for the two preced- ing years, was in 1824 re-elected for two years. In 1820 he was again re-elected, but died a few days after the election, and John C. Brodrick was appointed to the office, to which he Avas elected in 1827, and was continued in it by successive re-elections until 1839, when Frederick Cole was elected and lield the oflice till 1845. The succeeding auditors were: ■ Smithson E. "Wright, elected in 1845, two terms; Iloldemond Crary, elected in 1849, two terms ; John M. Pugh, elected in 1853, two terms; John Phillips, elected in 1857, two terms — dying shortly before the expiration of his second term; Matthias Martin, 18G1. two terms. Thomas Arnold was elected in 18(55, and having re- signed in the fall of 1806, Dennis B. Strait was appointed in his place. In 1867, Samuel E. Kile was elected to the office, and re-elected in 1869. There was no election of auditors in 1871, owing to some charge or attempted charge in the law, and Kile continued to hold the office. In 1872 he was re-elected auditor for two years.

County Treasurers. — County treasurers were first appointed by the associate judges, and then by the county commissioners, until 1827, when the Legislature passed an act requiring the treasurers to be elected biennially by the voters of the county. Jacob Grubb was the first treasurer of Franklin county, and was continued in the office by successive reappointments until in June, 1827, when Christian Ileyl was appointed to the office by the commissioners, to which he was elected in October of tliat year, and re-ek>eted in 1831. George McCormick, elected in 1833, lield the office one term ; AVilliam Long, in 1835. three terms; Joseph McElvain, in 1841, two terms ; Joseph Leiby, in 1846, three terms; O. P. Ilines, in 1851, two terms; James II.

COURTS AND COUNTY OFFICES. 151

Stauring, in 1855, tw:) terms; John G. Thompson, in 1859, two terms; Jos. Falkenbach, 1863, two terms. Aaron C. Hadley, elected in 1867, having resigned, Jas. E. Wright was appointed August 6, 1869, in his place, and in October of that year, James H. Stauring was elected, but died July 17, 1870, before entering upon the duties of the office. J. E. Wright continued to act as treasurer by appointment until he was succeeded by Lorenzo English, elected in October, 1870. Jas. E. Wright was elected to the office in 1872.

County Eecoeders. — The office of country recorder was filled by appointment of the judges of the Court of Common Pleas until 1831, and since then, by triennial elections. Until that year, Abraham J. McDowell, appointed in 1817, was continued in the office by successive appointments. In 1831, William T. Martin was elected and successively re-elected until 1840, when Nathan Cole, the present recorder, was first elected, and has been since kept in the office by repeated re-elections — his last re-election having taken place in 1870.

County Surveyors. — The Court of Common Pleas made the appointments of county surveyor, until a law was passed in March, 1831, requiring their election triennially by the peojile. The first surveyor for this county was Joseph Vance, appointed in 1803, and continued in the office bj- successive reappoint- ments until 1824. In that year, Richard Howe was appointed surveyor, but discharged the duties of the office in person only for a short time, as his deputy. General McLene filled the office until 1827.

In 1827, Jeremiah McLene was appointed countj' surveyor, and continued as such until Lj'ne Starling, Jr., was elected in 1832. The latter resigned in April, 1833, and Mease Smith was appointed to fill the vacancy. In October, 1833, Frederic Cole was elected and served three years; William Johnston, in 1836, one term; Uriah Lathrop, 1839, one term ; John Graham, 1842, one term ; William Johnston, 1845, one term; Jesse Cortright, 1848, two terms; W. W. Pollard, 1854, one term; Daniel Hess, elected in 1860, resigned, and his deputy, W. W. Pollard, dis- charged the duties of the office. C. C. Walcutt, elected in 1860, also resigned, and Uriah Lathrop was appointed in his place.

152 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

The latter was elected to the oifice in October, 1862 ; W. P. Brown in 1865, and re-elected in 1868; Josiah Kinnear, the present incumbent, was elected in October, 1871/

The Court-house. — Dr. M. B. Wright, then of Columbus, but afterward of Cincinnati, and Mary L., his wife, by deed dated October 20, 1837, in consideration of the commissioners of Franklin county agreeing to erect a court-house and county buildings on the premises, conveyed by warranty deed to Eobt. Lysle, James Bryden, and E. W. Cowles, then commissioners of the county, and their successors in office, "for the use of the county, for the purpose of being occupied as a location for a court-house, county offices, and jail, and for no other purpose," in-lots 358 and 359, situated on the southeast corner of High and Mound streets.

The court-house was afterward erected on these two lots, but it was early discovered that they would not suffice for the pur- poses intended. The commissioners therefore purchased a third lot adjoining the other two on the south, numbered 360, and bounded on the south by Strawberry alley, running east and west. This lot was originally owned by Dr. Wright, but at the time of its pm'chase bj'the county, the ownership was vested in seven different persons — Jas. Bryden, Adin G. Hibbs, ^ehe- miah Gregory, John Patterson, and Jesse Stone, each owning one undivided ninth part, and Dwight Woodbury and Willianr Miner, each owning two undivided ninth parts. These several interests were extinguished by deeds of conveyance in fee simple to the county, without conditions, from all the owners of frac- tional j)arts. These deeds were executed at various times, chiefly in 1839 and 1840 — the last one, however, which was from Wm. Miner and wife, was not executed until August 24, 1847. From the consideration named in each deed, seven parts out of the nine, each cost the county §222.22. In the deed from William Miner for two-nintlis, the consideration named is onlv 850. Ac- cording to these statements in the deeds, the lot cost the county 11,556.04. The purchase of this third lot made the county the owner of the whole block or square of about two acres and a half ■ The court-house was so far completed that the courts, as else-

COUHTS AND COUNTY OFFICES. 153

where noted, were held in it in the summer of 1840. The main building, which fronts on High street, has two small wings — one on the north for the clerk's office, and still ajipropriated to that use, and one on the south for offices for the county auditor and treasurer, but now occupied by the county surveyor and the trustees of Montgomery township, within whose original limits Columbus was formerly wholly, and still is chiefly, included.

Originally, the basement of the main building was used for the jail, and the first story above for the sheriff's residence. In the second story is the large court-room, with the usual append- ages. As the city and county grew, judicial and other official business increased, and the inadequacy of the accommodations provided became more and more apparent. In 1852 and 1853, the commissioners erected another building a few feet south of the court-house and fronting on High street, with a large hall and wide stairway in the center, on each side of which are — on the north the auditor's, and the south the treasurer's office. The upper story was appropriated to the Probate Court, but is now used as Eoom K"o. 2 of the Court of Common Pleas, as such is often the pressure of business in that court that it is found neces- sary to have two judges and sometimes two traverse juries at work in different rooms at the same time. Between the upper stories of the main and the south buildings, there has been con- structed a level passage-way, so as to give direct and easy com- munication between the two court-rooms.

The lower story of the main building was so remodeled as to afford rooms for the probate judge's office on the north, and for the recorder's office on the south of a hall running east and west through the building. Into these rooms, those offices were re- moved in February, 1869, where they still remain.

The Jails. — The first building used for a jail, after Columbus became the county-seat in 1824, was a brick structure on the south side of Gay street, between High and Third streets. The building is still standing and wears the dingy appearance of a veritable prison. After the court-house was built, its basement was used for a jail. But it proved a very insecure prison, and escapes were frequent. ^

A new jail, in the rear or east of the court-house, was com-

154

STUDER S roi.UMCrS. miTO.

^ -2 o

2 ^i;

o

COURTS AND COUNIY OFFICES. 155

meneed in 1864 and finished in May, 1866. The builders were J. C. Auld & Co. It is built of brick and stone, two stories high. The front part is of brick and the rear of stone. The brick structure, fronting on Mound street, comprises the sheriff's office and residence. The rear part or prison proper consists of massive stone walls, within which are the cells, forty or fifty in number, for the safe-keeping of prisoners. These are made en- tirely of iron. They are in two tiers, and stand in the center, at least ten feet from the outer wall. The prison is well lighted and ventilated.

THE COUNTY INFIRMARY'.

County infirmaries, in Ohio, were at first designated as "poor- houses." The legislature, on the 8th of March, 18.31, passed an act to authorize the establishment of a poor-house in any count}' of the State at the discretion of the county commissioners. By authority of this act, the commissioners of Franklin county, in 18.32, bought a farm on the forks of the Scioto and Olentangy rivers, about three miles from Columbus. By the 1st of February following, a building was erected and ready for the reception of paupers. The directors of poor-houses were at that time ajj- jjointed by the county commissioners. Our commissioners ap- pointed Jacob Grubb, Ealph Osborn, and P. B. "Wilcox, the first board of directors for the Franklin county poor-house. The di- rectors appointed Captain Eobert Cloud, superintendent, and Dr. William M. Awl, physician to the institution.

The superintendent occupied part of the building, and had the use of the farm, which he cultivated with his own teams and utensils. The directors paid him a specified sum per week for boardirig each pauper. Captain Cloud resigned his position at the expiration of his first year, and was succeeded by William King. The latter continued in charge of the institution upon the same terms as Captain Cloud, until October, 1837.

Mr. King, in his report to the directors, under date of January, 1837, gives the names, ages, etc., of all the inmates — nine in number — among whom was "Mary Sours, aged ninety -three j'ears." She remained in the institution until her death in

56 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

1849, when, according to the report, she must have been one hundred and five years old.

In October, 1837, the directors, consisting of James Walcutt, George B. Harvey, and W. T. Martin, concluded to change the plan of managing the institution, by stocking the farm and paying the superintendent a fixed salarj' for carrying it on and taking care of the house and its inmates. John R. Wright, a practical farmer, was engaged at a moderate salary. He continued to act as farmer and superintendent until the spring of 1840. At that time "William Domigan had succeeded George B. Harvey as director. Improvements being needed at the institution, the directors and county commissioners concluded upon a change of location, as it was too far from Columbus, which furnished, so states one of the directors, morethan three-fourths of the paupers. The conveyance of infirm and sick persons to the institution was both inconvenient and expensive. There had been for a time a rickety wooden bridge across the Scioto above the mouth of the Olentangy, but it lasted only a few years. Situated between the two rivers, the poor-house was quite inaccessible in time of high water.

A five-acre lot, the site of the present county infirmary, was purchased by the commissioners in 1839, and a building erected thereon. The old poor-house farm was sold, and the live stock and fiirming utensils disposed of at public vendue in November, 1839. On the first of May following, the paupers were removed to their new abode, and were placed under the care of Edward Hedden, superintendent, and Dr. P. Sisson, physician.

The Legislature, at the session of 1841-42, passed an act re- quiring poor-house directors to be elected by popular vote, in the same manner as other county officers. Directoi-s were first elected at the annual State electii>n in 1842. Ui^tij then, Messrs. AValcutt, Martin, and IH>migan had filled the oftice.

Directors.— The first directors elected were George Franken- berg, for one year ; Augustus S. Decker, for two years, and Eobert Eioi-den, for three years. In 1843, Frankenberg was re-elected for the full term of three years. 1844, A. S. Decker re-elected; Eobert Eiorden, in 1845 ; George Frankenberg, in lS4t! ; and A. S. Decker, in 1847. In 1848, John Walton was elected in place of

COURTS AND COUNTY OFFICES. 157

Eiarden ; in 1849, S. D. Preston, in place of Frankenburg ; and Arthur O'Harra, for two years, to till the vacancy occasioned by Walton's removal fi'om the county.

In 1850, Decker was re-elected, and O'Harra in 1851. In 1852, Amos L. Ramsey was elected in place of Preston ; 1853, Eufus Main, in place of Decker ; 1854, Orin Backus, in place of O'Harra; 1855, L. J. Moeller, in place of Ramsey; 1856, John Lisle, in place of Main, and in 1857, "William Aston, in place of Backus ; 1858, Moeller re-elected; 1859, James Legg, in place of Lisle.

In March, 1860, Moeller resigned, and John Greenleaf was appointed to All the vacancy. At the October election of that year, Newton Gibbons was elected in place of Aston, and Philemon Hess, for the short term of one year, and in 1861 the latter was elected for the long term. In 1862, Frederick Beck was elected in place of Legg. Gibbons was re-elected in 1863 ; Hess, in 1864 ; Beck, in 1865, and Gibbons, for a third term, in 1866. Jacob Grau was elected in 1867, in place of Hess ; Fred- erick Fornoff, in 1868, in place of Beck ; Henry L. Siebert, in 1869, in place of Gibbons ; W. H. Gaver, in 1870, in place of Grau ; John Schneider, in 1871, in place of Fornoff, and John H. Earhart, in 1872, in place of Siebert.

Superintendents. — Edward Hedden was retained in his posi- tion of superintendent until the fall of 1844, when Dr. C. F. Schenck was appointed. The following is a list of the succeed- ing superintendents, with the time of their appointment : Joseph McElvain, 1851 ; Charles Jucksch, 1852 ; Joseph McElvain, 1853; Daniel Evans, 1854; Dr. L. J. Moeller, 1857 ; S. P. McElvain, 1860 ; J. J. Funston, 1869, and S. P. McElvain, the present superin- tendent, re-appointed January 1, 1871.

Physicians. — The following is a list of the physicians to the infirmary-, ajipointed since Dr. P. Sisson, so far as the names could be obtained : Drs. C. F. Schenck, — Short, L. J. Moeller, C. E. Denig, C. E. Boyle, Norman Gay, Starling Loving, John Dawson, C. H. W. Mahlmann, Yan S. Seltzer, and W. H. Drury, the present physician.

By an act of the Legislature, passed March, 1850, the name of.

158 STUKER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

"County Poor-liouses " was ehauged to that of '-County In- firmaries."

The county conimissioner.s, in 1844. added by purchase an adjoining tract of six acres to the infirmary lot, thus making the latter to consist of eleven acres. On the new purchase the city council erected a city hospital for the recej^tiou of persons in- fected with contagious diseases. It was, however, placed under the care and management of the superintendent of the infirmary, ^ear this hospital, and for a similar purpose, the county com- missioners caused to be erected, early in 1872, a fi-ame building costing §1,800.

Various improvements, alterations, and additions were made from time to time to the original poor-house building erected in 1839. The most important of the additions was made in 1865, by the erection of the north wing, 37 by 86 feet, under the su- perintendence of Samuel Streng. architect.

As the county commissioners have purchased a new site, and are erecting tberton a model infirmary building, a more detailed description of the old site and building would be out of place.

Infirmary Statistics. — The annual report of the infirmary di- rectors for the year ending May 31, 1S72, shows that there were in the institution on the 1st of June, 1871,171 inmates, and that there had been received during the year 717. making a total of 888. Of this number 39 had died, and 647 had been discharged, leav- ing 202 in the infirmary on the 1st of June. 1872. C)f this latter number, 64 were sane and 19 insane men ; 80 were sane and 28 insane women, and 11 were children. Outside of the infirmary, 257 families, numbering 1,028 inmates, had been relieved. The average number of inmates in the institution during the year was 227, and the average number of tamilies relieved was 45. All this had been done at an expense of 825.077.21, or an aver- age per Aveek for each one assisted of 81.78.

By an act passed April 26, 1872, the directors of an infirmary are required to report to the county commissioners, on the first Monday of Jlarch and September in each year, the condition of the infirmary. In compliance with this statute, the directors of our county infirmary made a report on the 1st of September, 1872, for the (piar(er ending the day preceding.

COURTS AND COUNTY OFFICES. 159

By this last report it appears that there were received into the institution during the quarter 115 inmates. This number added to the 202 remaining on the 1st of June, 1872, malies a total of 317. Of this number 3 had died, and 143 had been discharged, leaving 171 remaining September 1, 1872. Of this last number, 30 Avere insane and 55 sane men ; 37 were sane and 37 insane women, and 12 were children. The cost of sustaining the infirm- ary during the quarter had been $3,656.15.

Purchase op a New Site, — On the 1st day of December, 1869, the county commissioners entered an order confirming the pur- chase from William Neil, for 117,250, of a tract known as the "Flenniken farm," containing one hvmdred and fifteen acres, for a county infirmary site. It is situated northwest of the city, on the- west side of the Olentangy river, at the west end of King avenue, two miles north of the state-house, one mile west of High street, adjoining the corporate limits of the city, and south- west of the Ohio Agricultural College farm. The land is second bottom, sloping eastward.

The engraving of the new infirmary in this work is taken from the drawings made by architect Kelly and accepted by the county commissioners. The contract for the erection of the new building has been made with Fornoff, Hess & Miller for §189,279.48.

The building is so arranged as to form three different main departments. The first depai'tment, which is intended for the administration building, will be fifty feet square, and will contain a main office and other necessary rooms for the officers and the hou-sehold of the superintendent of the institution.

The rooms for the inmates will be found in the second part of the building, accessible from the administration building by proper connections. This structure is three hundred and sixteen feet long, fifty -five feet wide, and has a basement story, eight feet seven inches high, and three stories above, each twelve feet in height. This building is divided into two distinct parts, one to be occupied by the male and the other by the female inmates. These two divisions are entirely separated from each other, so that no communication can be had between them, except through

160 STUDER S COLUMBUS, OUIO.

the superintendent's office. In connection with the infirmary building -will be the necessary outbuildings, conveniently located.

The floors of the entire structure are fire-proof, made so by i)utting in iron joists and brick arches. The two departments occupied by the inmates will have fire-proof stairways, con- structed of iron and stone, extending entirely through the three stories, and providing the inmates in the emergency of fire ample access to the outside of the building. The center part of the building, or that part to be occupied by the inmates, will be connected by proper approaches with the chapel building.

The third, or chapel building, will be connected by proper approaches with the center part of the building, or that to be occuj)ied by the inmates, and will contain the necessary cellars of the infirmary. The kitchen, sculleries, bake-room, flour -room., and bread-room will be located in the basement. The kitchen will be thirty bj- forty-one feet and twelve feet high in the clear. The second storj^ is divided into two dining-rooms, each fifty- five feet in length by nineteen feet six inches in width, and thir- teen feet in height in the clear. Connected with the dining- rooms are closets and wash-rooms. The kitchen is also connected by jH-oper dumb-waiters. The third floor contains the chaj^el proper, with a gallery and a raised ceiling, showing the con- struction of the roof It gives ample room for all the inmates, the floor being sixty -three feet nine inches long by forty feet six inches wide. It will also be used for school purposes on secular days.

The entire building will be covered with slate roofing. The architect has exercised special care to have each and every room of the building thoroughly ventilated, for which purpose four large ventilating stacks will be put in the difterent buildings, and all rooms and halls will have connecting flues with these ventilators. The entire building will be heated by steam, and very pi-obably lighted by gas, which will he manutactured on the premises.

CHURCHES AND CEMETERIES.

161

ST. JOSEPH S CATHEDRAL.

CHAPTEE X.

CHURCHES AND CEMETERIES.

DIOCESE OF COLUMBUS.

This Catholic diocese, established in March, 1868, comprises " that part of the State of Ohio south of north latitude 40° dtl', and between the Ohio river on the east and the Scioto river on the west, together with the counties of Franklin, Delaware, and Morrow."

The Eight Eeverend Sjdvester Horton Eosecrans, D. D., con-

162 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

secrated March 25, 1862, Bishop of Pompeiopolis ?'n partihus infidelium. and Auxiliarj' Bishop of Cincinnati, Ohio, was trans- ferred to this city, March 3, 1868, and became the first bishoj) of the diocese of Columbus.

The Yicar-General of the diocese is Very Eeverend John Bernard Hemsteger, and the Chancellor, Eeverend George Henrj' Ahrens.

There are in the diocese fifty-two churches, twenty-three chapels and stations, forty-six priests, twenty-two clerical stu- dents, one male and four female religious institutions, two femaleacademies, twenty-three parochial schools, and one hospi- tal. The Catholic jMpulation of the diocese is 60.000. and of Columbus, its metropolis, 8.000.

The following are the chapels in the metropolitan city:

Chapel of St. Francis Hospital, located on the southeast corner of Sixth and State streets ; Bev. Bernard Hildebrand, Pastor.

Chapel at the Sisters of j^otre Dame, located on Eich street, between Fifth and Sixth streets ; attended from H.ily Cross Church.

Chapel of the Academy of St. Mary's of the Sprino-s ; Eev. O. M. Clarkson, O. P., Pastor.

Chapel of the Convent of the Good Shepherd, located near the west end of Broad street; attended from St. Aloysius Seminary.

CATHOLIC CHURCHES. Prior to the year 1833, there was no regular organization of the Catholic Church in Columbus. Services were conducted, at long intervals, by members of the Dominican Convent at Som- erset, Perry county. The congregation consisted of laborers on theNational Eoad. which was in the process of construction, and a tew German residents and farmers living in the vicinitv. "Word was sent to Catholic families whenever a clergvman of their faith hajipened to visit the town, and the news was always Joyrully received, as a gracious relief froni the religious isola- tion in which they lived. Services were held, at first, in a hall in the Paul Ih-y House, on Water street; subsequentlv they were held at the house of tieoige Studer, on Canal street, be- tween Friend street and Cherry alley. The three buildino-s

CHURCHES AND CEMETERIES. ' 163

then used are still standing, and have been handsomely photo- graphed. The small frame was sufficient to accommodate the worshipers at first, hut the congregation increased so that it became necessary to use the brick building, and afterward the two-story frame. Services were also held, for a few Sundays, at the residence of Jolin Burke, on South street, between High and Third streets, and at the residence of Jolm McCartney, on Friend street, between lligli. and Third streets.

VVliiie the small frame building was occupied, the following persons comprised, according to the data now in existence, the entire eongregregation. They constituted the pioneer Catholic families of Columbus :

Michael Eeinhard and wife, George Studer and wife, Andrew Murphy and wife, Owen Turney and wife, J. D. Clarke and wife, Cornelius Jacobs and wife, Joliu Jacobs and wife, and the Eussell family.

The following addition to the congregation rendered neces- sary tlie use of the larger building:

John Ender and wife, Clemens Bear and wife, Mr. Sherringer and wife. Mr. Zelmacher and wife, Joseph Miller and %vife, Esedor Frey and wife. John Burke and wife, Mr. Midelwood and wife, Francis Buss and wife, P. Kelly and wife, Mr. Zettler and wife, Mr. Zahringer and wife, Peter Swartz and wife Henry Lutz and wife, Laurenz Beck and wife, the two Woelfel brothers and their wives, C. Kuhn and wife, and John Ury and wife.

During the pastoral care of the Dominican Fathers, the lot on tlie northeast corner of Rich and Fifth streets, being No. 961 in Samuel Crosby's addition to Columbus, was donated to them in trust by Otis. Phoebe W., Samuel, and Margaret Crosby, and Nathaniel and Caroline E. Medbury, in consideration of "a desire to promote religion and toleration, and the improvement of the town." The condition of the grant or donation was that a church was "requii'ed to be built" on the premises, "and Kufftciently furnished for occupancy, within five j'ears from the date of the deed." The deed was dated May 15. 1833, and was witnessed by Robert Milton and W. T. Martin.

Soon after the execution of the deed, the Catholics of Colum-

1<J4 STUDEr"s COLUMBOS, OHIO.

bus came under the care of the Eight Eeverend Bishop John B. Purcell, T>. D., now the venerable and worthy Archbishop of Cincinnati. He visited the city in June, 1836, stopjjing at the National Hotel, kept by Colonel John Xoble, where the Neil House now stands. During his stay Bishop Purcell consulted witli the Catholics here as to the building of a church in Colum- bus. Mr. iStatlbrd, the superintendent of the masonry on the new penitentiary, just then completed, made proposals for build- ing a church of fair dimensions, for the time, of rough limestone. His propositions were accepted, and English and German sub- scription lists were immediately oj)ened for raising the neces- sary funds. The following are the names on the tirst list, dated June, 1836;

George Studer, Adam Dick, Adam Luckhaupt, Benedict Huber, John Niebling, Franz Hahn, Jacob Fischer, John Ailelsherger, Clemens Biihr, Cornelius Jacobs, Bernhard Burk, AVilliam Groblinghoff, John Kress. Henry MOller. Jacob Schor- ingcr, Franz Fischer, Fidel Kistner. Joseph Satler, George Schaefer, Ludwig Frey, Ignaz Baker, Jacob "Wetzel, John Koch, Michael Eeinhard, John Eeitz, George Moller. Michael J. Eeinhard, John D. Briggeman, Adam Zender, Franz Carl Bacher, Mauriz Bissig, Stephen Kiilin, Peter Paul Kahliu, John Jacobs, Adam "Weisbaeker, Mauriz Gartner, Ignaz Jorger, Con- rad Spang, Joseph Hainss, Joseph AVoelfel, John Will, Xaver Mattelholz, John L. Slyd, Adam Wagner, Adolph Herman Francis Bui-s John Endcr, Lauronz Beck, C. Kuhn, John Urv Owen Turney, J. D. Clark.

The names on the second subscription list, dated August, . 1S36, were tliese ;

Augustin Sifert, Herman Steinke, Jakob Vogel, Benedict Lotz, Tliadeus Mittelholz, Joseph Frey, Henry Schlitt, Henrv Lotz, John Weaver. Michael Buchart, Henry Nadenbousli, Charles Cross, Brice Helniick, Eichard H. Jones, B. McGinness, Joseph Weitgenand, Andrew Volz (or Fols"), Margareth Schlum- berger, George Stelile, Mrlvnally (probably jMcAnallv). Simon GtUtenian, I'^reilcrick Heimuu, .loseph Midler, Peter Schwartz Mrs. Russell, Fridolia Sclunuacher, Wendel Eodel, Philipi) Frey, Antoiii Werle, Fridolin Mutter, J. B. Backer, Catharina

CHURCHES A>;D CEMETERIES. 16o

Lotz, Mrs. Silley, Joseph Becherer, "Widow Sclilitt, Joscjjh Eosenfeld, Dannis Eobberts.

The Archbishop appointed a buikling committee, consisting of Cornelius Jacobs, Geoj'ge Studer, Jacob Schoeringer, Charles Cross, and Martin Stafford. The committee organized by elect- ing Mr. Stafford, president; Mr. Cross, secretary, and Mr. Ja- cobs, treasurer. The stone for the prospective chvirch edifice Avere furnished by Henrj- INadenbusch, at §1,25 per perch. By consent of James Phelan, sand was taken from bis bank on the east side of the Scioto river, and hauled by Joseph and Zirach Woeifel. It was not long, however, before the building com- mittee became aware of the fact that the funds at command were insufficient for building a large church. They paid all bills and suspended operations for the present.

During the years in which religious services were held at Mr. Studer's, there was an occasional change to the hall of the House of Eep)resentatives, in the old state-house, to the court-house, or to one of the eight buildings on Town street, whenever Bishoi^ Purcell made his visitations. Eev. Fathers Martin, Stahlsmidt, Hoffman; Thienpont, of Jjogan, Ohio, now the oldest Catholic priest of the diocese; the learned Archbishop AUemane, of San Francisco, and Bishop Henni, of Milwaukee, occasionally vis- ited the citj'.

By order of the Bishop, Eev. Father H. I). Juncker, afterward Bishop of Alton, Illinois, came, in August, 1837, to take the charge here, and build the church, the five years' limitation named in the deed donating the lot having nearly expired. The good father displayed a commendable energy, and by the aid of the building committee already appointed, soon had mat- ters in shaj)e for active building operations. All took hold with a will, and a pirominent building of rough limestone, Mtj feet long by thirty wide, and eighteen feet in height from the ground, with an interior gallery, was, with the exception of the pews, plastering, and painting, completed on the 2(Jth of April, 1838. On the 20th of the same month. Father Juncker celebrated the first high mass in tlie new church, assisted by the Eev. Father Badin, a venerable French priest, who jjreached an English ser- mon after vespers.

](J(j STUDEK S COLDMBUS, OHIO.

The plasterino;, putting in of pews, and the painting of the ehm-ch -svcro done during the summer of 1838. Cliurch services Avere then held more fi-eqneiitly than before.

B3- appointment of the hishop, in 1839, Eev. Father J. M. Young, a convert and recently ordained priest, -was ordered to take charge of the Columbus church as its pastor, and also to visit Lancaster, Logan, Chillicothe. C'ircleville, and Waverly. As there was no pa.storal residence in this city, he made his headquarters at Lancaster. Father Young died Bishop of Erie, Pennsj'lvania, September, 186G.

On the 8th of December, 1839, the J\Iost Eeverend Archbishop Purcell held, in the new church, the first confirmation in the city, and in the evening delivered a sermon in the Senate cham- ber in the ohl state-house.

In December, 1840, robbers broke into the church, destroying the crucifix on the altar, and stealing four silver-plated candle- sticks, the vestments, a linen cloth and black coat belonging to Father Young. Two years after this roljbery, a convict in the Ohio penitentiary confessed that he and his confederates had broken into the church, and that some of the stolen articles were hidden in a hollow tree in the woods, near Alum creek bridge, 0)1 the Broad street road. Messrs. '\'ance, McElvain. and others went in seach of the tree, and. after spending the greater part of a day, thej" found it, with nearly all the missing ai'ticles in an old saddle.

Oommencing on Sunday, November 21, 1841. and continuing every evening during the following week. Archbishop Purcell delivered lectures in the United States court-house, an engrav- ing of which is in this work, then standing on High street, nearly o]iposite the site of the present Neil House building. On the liStli of the same month. Father llenni preached in German at the sanu' place.

Services were held in the Ihll and winter of 1842 bv Fathers AVei't/, and (ialliiigei-. Katlier Young, in 1842. ])ro])osed to lo- cale in Cohmibus. if the congregation would provide him a small house 011 the s(.uilh side of the eliurch. This was done at onee.

Jvev. l-'atlier William Sehonat, on the 25th of Februarv. 1843,

CHURCHES AND CEMETERIES. 167

by order of the bishop, came here to remain during the season of Lent, having just arrived from Silesia, in Germany. After Easter, he announced the approach of the time for his departure from Columbus. The congregation were very desirous that he should remain and become their permanent pastor, as Pather Young's -work was entirely too heavy. They joined in a peti- tion to the bishop, asking that Father Schonat might remain here as the pastor of the church. Henrj- Moore, of the stage- line finn of Neil. Moore & Co., sent a private letter to the bishop in suppjort of the petition. In a few days Mr. Moore received a reply from the bishop, stating that the praj-er of the p)eti- tioners was granted. So Father "William Schonat became the first resident pja.stor of the Columbus church, and, on the 10th of May, 1843, moved into the house originally built for Father Young.

The congregation, even while congratulating themselves on their good fortune, became aware that the church was too small, as their number was rapidly increasing. The result was that in Ajiril. 1844, Father Schonat announced the necessity of building a larger church, one that would not in a few years become too small, as the increase of Catholics in Columbus plainly showed the need of providing for the future a large house of worship). Meetings of the congregation were held, and the subject was discussed. In the meantime, aSTovember 10, 1845, additional grou.nd was purchased from M. J. and L. T. Gilbert, being lot No. 760, for ^600. Besides, on the 8th of June, 1849, a piece of ground, twenty -three feet east and west, and eighteen feet north and south, was bought of A. S. Chew, administrator of the es- tate of Edward N. Gregory, for $137. These purchases gave the church lot 125 feet front on Eich street.

At a meeting, on the 8th of l)eeember, 1844, Father Schonat presiding, the congregation decided to build in the Gothic style of architecture, with a thick stone foundation and a wall of well-burned brick, a plain but substantial church edilice, 115 feet long and 62 wide, exclusive of the buttresses, and 40 feet in height from the floor to the ceiling ; the walls to be supported with cut- stone, and the building to be finished without unnecessary orna- mental work. A building committee was appointed, consisting

1G8 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

of Horace McGuire, Jolni Duffee, Jacob Schoeringer, F. Mutter, Anton Eolling, C. Jacobs, Jacob Sattler, Peter Vrj, John F. Zimmer, and George Enterd. The committee were instructed to cause a plan to be made and submitted to a subsequent meet- ing of the congregation. Tliis was done, and tlie plan rejiorted by the committee was adopted.

The result was the erection of the present church edifice on the corner of Rich and Fifth streets, known as

HOLY CROSS CHURCH.

The timber used for the roof of the building was donated by John F. Zimmer and Benedict Luts. As the timber was to be taken off the land of the donors, men offered to do the chojiping, and farmers offered their horses and wagons for the hauling. A day was agreed upon, on which to start out at two o'clock in the morning, cut down and he^w the timber, and haul it to town in the evening. The daj- came, the plan was carried out, and the timber brought in at evening was jjiled on Fifth street.

The architect of the new building M-as Cornelius Jacobs. The masonrj- ami carpenter-work were done by men employed by the day — the foreman of the masons being Joseph battler, and of the carpenters, J. Schoeringer and F. Mutter. The building contains 800,000 brick, and its first or original cost was 810,000.

Father William Schonat, who is still living in Germany, con- tiimed pastor of the congregation until the new church was completed. ITe was succeeded by Rev. C. II. Borgess, now Bishop of Detroit, who remained about ten years. During his ]iast<irate, the steeiile was placed on the church at a cost of about $7,(K)0, and improvements made in the interior of the buildino- such as painting the walls, a new pul]iit, a new St. Mary's altar, and a new oi-gan, which cost §1,400, and the church bells, which cost !i!!l,5()0.

Tiie present worthy iiastor, the Very Reverend J. B. Ilem- slegcr, Y. (i., by order of Ai-chbisliop Pureell, took charije of the (■ongregalion May 5, 1859. Since that date, a splendid school-house and a fine jtastoral residence have been erected on the eluirch premises. The church is also to have a new main altar very soon.

CHURCHES AND CEMETERIES. 169

The present Yulue of the church property is §95,000. The number of members is 2,100.

The following reverend fathers have assisted the present pastor ; Francis Kai'rel, Casper Weise, Jacob Eoswiz, Bernard Seling, F. X. Specht, and Chancellor G. H. Ahrens.

The officers of the church are: Bro. Peter Daekus, sexton; Cornelius Lang, secretary, and Henrj- Theado, treasurer.

Professor H. J. Nothnagel is the organist for the church.

ST. Patrick's church.

An organization for the purpose of building the present St. Patrick's Church was formed by Eev. John Furlong, the first regular Irish priest stationed at Columbus. He remained about one year, and was succeeded by Eev. James Meagher, who, through John D. Clark, purchased of Eobert ISTeil, for one thou- sand dollars, a lot, 187 feet square, on the northeast corner of .Seventh and JSTaghten streets. On this lot, St. Patrick's Church was built by Messrs. Clark & Harding. The corner-stone was laid September 5, 1852, and the church was dedicated Septem- ber 25, 1853, by Archbishop Purcell.

The church edifice has a front 52 feet wide, and a depth of 125 feet. It is built of brick and is ISTorman in the style of its architecture. It will comfortably seat a congregation of 800 persons. It contains three neat altars, and has a good organ, with 78 stops.

In the rear of the church, and connected with it, is a good substantial brick dwelling, 36 by iS^ feet, containing ten rooms, and having largo halls, basement, and cellar. It is at j)resent the bishop's house.

Father Meagher, assisted by Eev. Edmund D. Flahery, con- tinued pastor of St. Patrick's congregation till 1857, when he was succeeded by Rev. Edward M. Fitzgerald. The latter was pastor for ten years, or till 1867, when he was created Bishop of Little Eock, Arkansas. He was assisted during his pastorate by the following priests in succession : Eev. John Murray, now pastor of St. Mary's, Chillicothe, Ohio ; Eev. Joseph Fitzgerald, at present stationed at Lowville, JSTew York; and Eev. F. C. Mallon, now at St. Martin's, Brown county, Ohio.

170 STTJDEK's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

Immediately after Bishop Fitzgerald's departure for Little Eock, Bishop Sylvester Horton Piosecrans, D. D., consecrated, March 25, 1862. Bishop of Pompeiopolis in partibus infidelium, and Auxiliary Bishop of Cincinnati, Ohio, took charge of St. Patrick's congregation as its pastor, and continued as such, for a brief period, until the Diocese of Columbus was established, March 3, 1868, of -\vhich he ^vas created the first bishop. He was assisted by Eev. George H. Ahrens, at present chancellor of the diocese, who was succeeded by Father Gouesse. Eev. James Daly, who afterward died in charge of a congregation at Bellaire, Ohio, and Eev. X. A. Gallagher, now president of St. Aloysius Seminary, also assisted for some time.

Eev. J. A, Murray is now pastor of the congregation. The number of members is 2,000. The church choir is under the direction of Mr. Pining. The sexton is James O'Donnel. The church projierty is valued at 840,000.

Three important missions have been held in the church since its erection, at each of which over three thousand persons piar- took of the Holy Communion.

ST. jiahy's church.

In the spring of 1865, at a meeting of Holy Cross congrega- tion to consider the propriety of building a Catholic church in the southern part of the city, it was decided to proceed in the first place with the erection of a school-house. The first build- ing committee consisted of Louis Zettler, Peter Hintershidt, John Eautt, Fred. "Weber, Frank Wagner,- Peter Boehm, and Cornelius Lang. The school-house and improvements cost $9,000.

In 1866, the present St. Mary's Church was commenced and the foundations laid. Eev. Father F. X. Specht, who had come to the city to assist at Holy Cross Church, and afterward, if found necessary, to build a new church, was placed in charge of the supervision and management of the new structure. In 1867 the building was put under roof and was completed the vear following at a cost of about $40,000.

The new church was dedicated on the 28th of November. 1868. The Eiglit Reverend Bishop Eosecrans officiated, assisted bv

CHURCHES AND CEMETERIES. 171

clergTmen of adjoining parislies. Tliere were preisent three societies from Dayton, one from Zanesville, and one from New- ark, besides the societies from Holy Cross and St. Patrick's Churches of this city.

The church edifice is 62-| by 140 feet ; 75 feet in height, 60 in the clear, with a gallery, and four convenient rooms in the rear portion. The fresco painting cost §1,92.5, and was done by Wenzelaus Thien and William Lamprecht, of Cincinnati. The main altar is 45 feet high and 20 feet wide. It is of a very beautiful Gothic design and finish, and is the workmanship of Allard Klooter. It cost S2,500. The pulpit and confessional, by the same artist, cost §1,170. They are built of white wal- nut. The church now seats an audience of 700, and can be made to seat one of 1,000.

Father Sj)echt, the present jiastor of St. Mary's congregation, was appointed to that office in 1S68, by Bishop Eosecrans, at the request of a large number of the members of the congrega- tion.

A fine new pa.storal residence was built in 1872, at a cost of $6,000. It stands on a lot of 75 feet front, making a total frontage of 156 feet on Third street for the church grounds, which extend back to Fourth .street. The total value of the church property is §75,000. The number of members is 1,500. The officers of the church are ; Peter Hintershidt, secretary ; Peter Boehm, treasurer; John Berbricli, sexton; and Fj'ancis Lauber, organist.

The style of the church architecture is Gothic. The archi- tects were Messrs. Blackburn and Koehler. A chime of three bells, procured from Mr. Meneely, of West Troy, New York, was jjut up in 1870, at a co.st of $2,200.

Connected with the church is a school, containing about 120 boys and 110 girls. The principal is John Berhich, and the as- sistant teachers are Bauirs and Bertha Lauber. The school building is of brick, and consists of four rooms, each 60 by 32 feet.

CATHEDRAL CHAPEL.

Naghten Hall, located on the east side of High street, between State and Town streets, was used, commencing

172 studer's colujibus, oheo.

in the j'ear 1870, as a chapel for a temporaiy congregation intending future worship in St. Joseph's Cathedral, then in pro- cess of construction on Broad street. It could seat about 500 l^ersons. Connected with the chapel was a small-sized, but finely tuned organ, and a good choir, under the direction of Michael Fahey, wh(j has been connected with choirs in the Catholic churches of the city during the last twenty years.

Soon after the organization of the cha2:iel. Father Rocheford assumed its entire charge, and so continued until tlie spring of 1872, when he became connected with the St. Vincent Fen'ers Church, in Hew York city. The Chaj^el, until within a few months ago, was in the care of Bishop Eosecrans, assisted by Rev. N. A. Gallagher.

The congi-egation of the Cathedral Chapel are now worship- ing at the St. Joseph's Cathedral.

ST. Joseph's cathedral.

Next to the State-house, the most substantial and imposing edifice in the capital of Ohio is St. Joseph's Cathedral. It is a vast and noble structure, alike creditable to Catholic enterprise and devotion, as well as ornamental to the city. The Cathedral stands on the northwest corner of Broad and Fifth streets. Its site consists of two lots, making a frontage of one hundred and twenty feet on Broad street, with a depth of two hundred feet on Fifth street. These lots were purchased in April, 1866, fur thirteen thousand dollars, by Rev. Edward M. Fitzgerald, then pastor of St. Patrick's Chureli in this city, now Bishop of Little Rock, Arkansas. Plans for a church, one hundred and ninety- three by ninety feet, were drawn by Michael Harding, of this city. A subscription list was openeil and liberally sio-ned. Ex- cavations for the foundations were made during the summer of 1806. The corner-stone was laid, with mucli pomp, on the 11th of November following, the Right Reverend Bishop Rosecrans, then coadjutor to the Most Reverend J. B. Purcell, D. D., Arch- bishop of Cincinnati, officiating.

On this occasion, the Catholic clergy of the city, and of Del- aware and Newark, were present. The societies of the churches of Holy Cross and St. Patrick's, with the children of the schools

CHURCHES AXI) CEMETERIES. 17S

and sodalities, with music and banners, made tlie day one of joTons festivity.

In 18G7 no work was done upon the bnikling, Rev. B. M. Fitzgerald, jiastor of St. Patrick's, having been called by the Holj' See to the large diocese of Little Eock, Arkansas. His j)lace here was supplied by the coadjutor bishop to the Most Eeverend Dr. Purcell.

Papal bulls having arrived in March, 1S68, making Columbus an Episcopal See, it was decided that the proposed new church should be the Cathedral, and that it should be built of stone instead of brick, making such changes only in the plan as the change of material might suggest. One of these changes was the tearing up of the foundation walls, and the laying of one deeper and more solid. Another was the jjlanning of the tow- er and bajotistry on the southwest corner. The main idea in the original plan has, however, been substantially preserved. The chiseling of the sandstone, outside, was suggested by J. Gr. Hartman, while superintending the workmen on the building, in answer to the bishop's wish for some means of relieving the deadness of a yellow stone wall. The arching of the windows, and the suj)ports of the clear story, carry out the directions of General W. S. Eosecrans, who, in the summer of 1870, spent several days with hia brother, the bishop, aiding in the details ■ of the work. Eev. J. A. Murray, now pastor of St. Patrick's, entered fully into the ideas of General Eosecrans, carrying them out with such modifications as the actual construction showed to be necessary. Michael Fahey, of this city, has been, for the last two years, superintendent of the work, which has rapidly progressed under his supervision.

The Cathedral is Gothic in the style of its architecture, and the outside work is known as the brouched ashlar. The ma- terial of the walls is sandstone, of the kind which, instead of disintegrating, becomes hardened by exposure to the atmos- jjhere. It will last for many hundred years. The stone has been brought from different quarries, principally from Hanover and Clay Lick, in Licking county, a portion from Lancaster, and some from Haydenville, Hocking county.

The dimensions of the building are ninety-two feet, fronting

174 STTIDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

0,1 Broad street, by one hundred and eighty-five feet on Fifth street Its capacity, when finished, will be sufficient to seat two thousand two hundred people. There are three main entrances on Broad street, and one on Fifth street. A stairway at the rear, on Fifth street, winds through the turret, to the place for the sacristies.

The outside walls are forty-two feet in height from the ground level, and thirty-four feet from the floor-line of the building. They are ornamented, at intervals, with stone crosses. The in- ,side, or clear story walls, have an altitude of seventy feet from the ground, and sixty-two feet from the floor. The main walls are between two and three feet in thickness. The inside walls, thirty -six in number, rest on clusters of Gothic columns, placed six in a group, and are surmounted by cornices of white free- stone. The windows are cased in freestone, mostly obtained at Lithopolis, Pickaway county. The brackets are cut from Co- lumbus limestone. This is about the only stone in the structure procured at home.

Light is thrown into the audience-room from stained glass windows in the lower outside walls, and above the first roof on each Bide, by similar windows in the clear floor walls. The in- terior will be finished with grained arches, and the eftect can not but be excellent, so far as architectural design and light are concerned.

The cost of the edifice, when completed, it is estimated, will not be less than a quarter million of dollars. The massive spire will be two hundred and fifty feet in height, and will, when completed, have ample room for a clock and a chime of bells, with which it is to be furnished.

It is a matter of no little surprise and gratification to the Catholics of the city that the building of this splendid cathedral has progressed for the last four years without suspension. The funds have been supplied by subscription, fairs, donations from private persons outside the diocese, collections throughout the diocese, and loans.

Hici>£5

Trinity jZhurch.

CHURCHES AND OEiMtTERIES. 175

PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHUPvCHES.

Eev. Philander Chase, afterward Bishop of the Diocese of Ohio, about 1817, resigned the position of rector of a parish in Connecticut, and came to Oliio for the purpose of forming cliurches here, fixing liis residence on a farm between Columbus and Worthington. He preached in the Buckeye House, on Broad street, in the then borough or town of Columbus, on the 3d of May, 1817, and jjerformed divine service according to the liturgy of the Protestant Episcopal Church of the United States.

TRINITY CHURCH,

Located ei^st of Capitol Square. Eev. Philander Chase preached in Columbus the second time, on "Wednesday, May 7, 1817, After service, an instrument was signed by thirty persons, asso- ciating themselves as the " Parish of Trinity Church, Columbus, State of Ohio, in connection with the Protestant Episcopal Church of the United States of America." The signers were :

Orris Parish, Joel Buttles, Benjamin Gardiner, Alfred Upson, Philo H. Olmsted, John Kilbourn, John Warner, Thomas John- son, John Webster, George W. Williams, Cyrus Pay, Charles V. Hickox, John Callitt, Amasa Delano, Silas Williams, Chris- topher Eipley, Austin Goodrich, Daniel Smith, Josiah Sabin, Cyrus Allen, Abner Lord, James K. Cary, John C. Brodrick, James Pearce, M. Matthews, Wm. K. Lampson, Cyrus Parker, William Eockwell, A. J. McDowell, Jr., L. Starling.

On the 11th of the same month, after preaching and service by the Eev. Mr. Chase, the constitution of the Protestant Epis- copal Church of the United States having been read, was adopted by the parish of Trinity Church. Orris Parish and Benjamin Gardiner were aj)pointed wardens; John Kilbourn and Joel Buttles, vestiymen, and Benjamin Gardiner and Joel But- tles, delegates to a diocesean convention, to be held at Columbus, on the first Monday of January, 1818.

The services of the church were subsequently held in several different buildings. Bishop Chase conducted services at Wor- thington and also at Columbus, when his other duties would permit. Occasionally the assistance of other clergymen was

176 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

obtained. Members of the congregation, appointed for the pur- pose, officiated at times.

It is recorded that, on the 16tli of SeiJtember, 1810, Benjamin Gardinei- and Cyrns Fay Avere appointed "lay-readers to read the service of the church on each and every Sundaj-f and also that, on the 10th of September, 1825, Matthe-w Matthews was appointed " lay-reader."

Kev. William Preston was the first regular rector of the parish of Trinitj^ Church. He took charge on Easter Sunday, 1829, in connection Avith the parish of St. John's Church, at Worthington. After the expiration of two years, he took up his residence in Columbus, devoting himself to the care of the parish exclusively. At the commencement of his labors here, there were in the parish seventeen communicants and eleven families. The congregation worshiped in a small frame build- ing on a lot on Third street, upon which the Univei-salist Church now stands.

During Eev. Mr. Preston's connection with the parish, the stone church on Broad street was erected on the site now oc- cupied by Peter Hayden's elegant business block. The lot was purchased, in 1830, for ?1,000, and the building, which was erected in 1833, cost 810,000. The number of communicants increased in the meantime to 110, antl the number of families to 70.

The first record of confirmation bears date September 15. 1830. Of the class of fourteen persons confirmed at that time by the Eight Eeverend Philander Chase were the following: Justin Morrison, P. B. AVilcox, Abram McDowell, Mrs. McDowell, and Mrs. "Wm. Neil. The second confirmation services in the parish were held by the Eight Eev. Charles P. Mcllvaino. on the 30th of August, 1833. Among the persons then confirmed were John C. Broderick, John A. Lazelle, Mrs. C. 3[atthews. Mrs. A. Bi-ooks, and Mrs. Kirby.

The first nuirriage of record in the ]iarish is that of Justin Morrison and ^Melissa Boardman, solemnized October 20,1831, bv Eev. AVm. Preston.

The following is a list of the several pastors of the parish to the present time : Eev. AVilliam Preston, from 1820 to 1841 ■

CHTJliCHES AND CEMETERIES. 177

Eev. Charles Fox, 1841 to 1812 ; Eev. Alexander P. Dobb, 1842 to 1846 ; Eev. Dudley A. T.yng, 1847 to 1850 ; Eev. ^Vm. Pres- ton, 1850 to 1854; Eev. Charles Eejnolds, 1855 to 1858; Eev. G. II. N"orton, 1858 to 1859 ; Eev. Wm. D. Hanson, 1859 to 18G0 ; Eev. Julius P. Grammer, 1861 to 1864; Eev. 0. A. L. Eichards, 1865 to 1869 ; Eev. Eufus W. Clark, from September 1, 1871, to date.

It may be interesting to note the salaries paid some of the rectors. The yearly salary of the Eev. Charles Fox was 1600 ; Eev. A. P. Dobb, §700; Eev. D. A. Tyng, $1,000; Eev. Charles Eeynolds, $1,500; Eev. G. H. I^orton, $1,600; Eev. J. P. Gram- mer, same; Eev. C. A. Eichards, 12,000.

Much apprehension was felt, in 1854, on account of the decayed state of some of the timbers on the spire of the stone church, and the vestry aj3pointed John Burr and S. B. Fay to make an examination. The result was the removal of the spire, and the sale of the bell to the school board. The bell was placed on the high-school building on State street, where, after being in use for some time, it was cracked and its beautiful tone ruined.

The first attempt to build a church in place of the stone edi- fice, on Broad street, was made in 1853 with but little success. The second attempt was made in 1855, when the "Work lot," on the southeast corner of Broad and Sixth streets, was purchased for $8,000. The lot had a front of 99 feet on Broad street, and ex- tended south to Oak street. The foundation for a church super- structure was laid on this lot in 1856; but at that point the work was suspended. In 1859, 200 feet in depth off the north or front side of the lot was sold to the Columbus board of education for $8,820. On this ground the board subsecj^uently erected the pres- ent high-school building. The remainder of the "Work lot" was sold, in November, 1862, for 12,500, to Governor Dennison, of whom was purchased, for $7,500, the lot, 75 by 187-^ feet, on the southeast corner of Broad and Third streets. Dr. John An- drews purchased, in 186.3, for $10,000, the Broad street stone church, "around which had clustered so many pleasant recol- lections."

The foundation of the present beautiful church edifice, on the corner of Broad and Third streets, was laid in 1866, under the

178 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

direction of Wm. A. Piatt, Francis Collins, and Wm. G-. Desliler, building committee ; Gardner W. Lloyd, of Detroit, architect, and Wm. Fish, superintendent. In the spring of 1867, Messrs. Piatt, Collins, and Desliler having resigned, Charles J. AYet- niore, James G. Mitchell, and Samuel McClelland were apjjointed the building committee. Commencing with the foundation, the}' prosecuted the work to its completion. The chajjel will seat about 250 persons, and the audience-room of the church about 800. The cost of the lot and building was about $70,000.

The new building is Gothic in its style of architecture, and is in the shape of a cross. It is built of sandstone brought from the vicinity of Newark. It is finished inside with white walnut and ash, in a chaste and beautiful manner, and furnished in modern style. The building is completed, with the exception of the tower and spire, and even now presents a handsome appear- ance. When fulh' completed, it will be one of the most ad- mired and imposing church edifices in the West. The tower and spire will probably cost from 810.000 to S12.000.

Divine service was held in the chapel for the first time on the first Sunday in December. 1867, and the congregation took pos- session of the main building about the 1st of April following. The following are the present oflicers of the parish :

Rev. Rufus W. Clark, Rector ; Rev. Charks M. Sturgis, Assis- tant Minister ; H. P. Smythe, Senior Warden ; Aug. N.'whiting, Junior Warden ; James A.Wilcox, Secretary; Charles J. Hardy, Treasurer. The Vestrymen are : John W. Andrews, Wm. Den- nison, W. G. Deshler, E. L. Hinman, Joseph R. Swan, Charles J. Wetmore, James A. Wilcox, and F. Collins.

The number of families in the parish is 300 ; communicants, 290 ; Sunday-school pupils and teachers, 800. Superintendent of Sunday-school, Capt. Robert S. Smith ; secretary of same, J. Finky Brown.

ST. Paul's Enscor.vL ciu-rcii. The erection of the edifiee of this church, on the southeast corner of Mound and Third streets, was commenced in the tall of 1841, by laying the foundation. Three years afterward the entire building was finished and occupied.

CHURCHES AND CEMETERIKS. 179

Articles of association for tlie formation of a parish of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the southern part of the city of Columbus liavino; been signed, a meeting of the signers was held on the first day of December, 1842, at which Eev. H. L. Eich- ards presided, and F. J. Matthews officiated as secretarj-. The name of the church for such parish was fixed as St. Paul's Church. The following officers were then elected : A. Buttles, Senior "Warden ; J. IST. Whiting, J unior Wurden ; Henry Mat- thews, Moses Altman, John Burr, and Herman M. Hubbard, vestrymen.

The church edifice having been inclosed, the basement fin- ished, and the parish organized, Eev. Henry L. Eichards, the first rector of the parish, commenced the services of the church on the first Sundaj^ in Advent, 1842.

The parish record states that at a meeting of the parish, at the church, on Easter Monday, April 24, 1848, a communication ft'oni the Eev. H. L. Eichards, resigning the charge of the par- ish, was read by Dr. Case, and, on motion, was laid on the table, and a committee, consisting of Messrs. Case, McDowell, and Gilbert, was appointed, to make certain inquiries respecting it, and report at the next meeting of the vestry, to be held at the house of Mr. "Whiting on the Thursday evening following. The record contains nothing further on the subject.

The Eev. H. L. Eichards was succeeded, in July, 1848, by the Eev. Alfred M. Loutrel, and the latter, in 1851, by the Eev. Thomas V. Tyler, who remained only a few months. The Eev. W. i!^orman Irish became rector of the parish, and entered upon service as such on the 1st of Sep)tember, 1852. He resigned in the summer of 1855, and the Eev. E. B. Kellogg officiated in the church for some months. The Eev. I. A. M. La Tourette, hav- ing been elected rector, commenced service in 1856, on the first Sunday after Ascension Day. Ho was succeeded in March, 1858, by the Eev. James L. Grover, who continued rector until June 25, 1862. The Eev. George Seaburj', the next rector, commenced service, September 20, 1864, and resigned in Jan- uary, 1867. He was succeeded in September, 1867, by the Eev. C. C. Tate, who continued rector until the latter part of Novem-

180 STUDER's COLT'MnilS, OHIO.

ber, 1872, when he removed to the diocese of Indiana. The Eev. C. II. Kellogg is at present rector of tlie church.

TRIAL OF REV. COLIX C. TATE.

An ecclesiastical court, for the trial of Eev. Colin C. Tate, rector of St. Paul's Episcopal Church, in this city, convened at Trinitj- Church, October 26, 1869. The court "was composed of Eev. Lewis Burton, D. D., of Cleveland : Eev. J. Maxwell, of Youngstown ; Eev. William Bowen, of Newark ; Eev. E. C Benson, of Gambler; and Eev. X. E. High, of Toledo. The charges against Mr. Tate were, in brief, that he had a choir of boys, dressed in white surplices, whom he permitted to sing while coming into and going out of the church.

The prosecution was represented by Eev. Samuel Clemens, church advocate ; Judge J. E. Swan, ot Columbus; Judge Jones, of Delaware ; and General Mitchell, of Columbus.

The defense was represented by Eev. Dr. Thrall, of Massa- chusetts ; Eev. A. II. "Washburne, of Cleveland ; Judge Otis, of Chicago ; and Thomas Sparrow, of Columbus.

The defense entered a plea to the jurisdiction of the court. The question was elaborately argued on both sides. On the fourth day of the session, the president announced that the court was equally divided on the plea to the jurisdiction, but that he should sustain the plea by his casting vote. So the court was dissolved in the same manner as a preceding one had been, which was convened for the same purpose.

The officers of the parish are : E. G. Hanford, Senior "Warden ; L. G. Kilbourne, Junior Warden ; L. Kilbonrne, W. T. Williams, and P. J. Williams, Vestrymen. The leaders of the Sunday- school are : E. G. Hanford and L. G. Kilbourne.

There arc about eighty members connected with this church. Sunday-school pupils and teachers, tiftv.

GOOD SllEPOERD CHURCH,

Ijocated northeast corner of Third and Eussell streets. The Church of the (iood Shepherd has been organized but a few years; it is a. mission of the Trinity Episcopal congregation. The buikling is of brick and cost |5,o00, including the cost of

CHURCHES AND CEMETERIES. 181

the lot. The style of architecture is Gothic; the capacity of the church is for two hundred and fifty jDersons.

The Sunday-school numbers one hundred and sixty-five pupils, with twenty-two teachers. Kev. Charles M. Sturges, assistant rector of Trinity Church, has charge of the mission ; Augustus N. Whiting is superintendent of the Sunday-school.

Ofl[ice.rs of the church, the vestry of Trinity Church.

METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCHES.

From the "Eecords of the Methodist Church, in the town of Columbus, Franklin county. State of Ohio," we learn that at "a meeting of the members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, on the 20th day of December, 1813 — present the Eev. Samuel "West, assistant preacher on the Delaware circuit — George McCormick, Peter Grubb, Jacob Grubb, John Brickie, and George B. Harvey were duly appointed ' Trustees for the Methodist Church in this town.' " On Friday, January 22, 1814, the trustees elected George McCormick, president; Jacob Grubb, secretary, and John Brickie, treasurer.

It was about this time that the first Methodist Church or class was formed in Columbus, by the Eev. Samuel "West. The class at first consisted of only four members — Geoi-ge McCormick, George B. Harvey, Mrs. George McCormick, and Miss Jane Armstrong, who soon afterward became Mrs. George B. Harvey. The next member admitted was Moses Freeman, a colored man, who left .some eight or ten years afterward for Liberia, in Africa, where, it was reported, he died not long after his arrival.

The original proprietors of Columbus, in 1814, donated, and conveyed the lot on which the Town Street Church now stands, to George McCormick, Peter Grubb, Jacob Grubb, John Brick- ell, and George B. Harvey, trustees, for the use and benefit of the Methodist Church of Columbus.

At a meeting of the trustees, June 26, 1814, " it was recom- mended to draw a subscription paper for the purpose of building a meeting-house on the lot." At another meeting, Julj' 8, 1815, " bills for materials for the meeting-house were examined, amounting to $157. 53i." This house was a small hewed-log building. "\Ye find the trustees, September 29, 1817, appointing

182 STCDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

George MeCormiek and John Cutler .-i committee "to have the meetiiig-honse chinked, daubed, and underpinned, and to ap- point a suitatile person to keep it in order."

The building was used for some years as a school-house, as well as a place of worship. Here AVilliam T. Martin, long and familiarlj- known as "Esquire Martin," taught his first school in C'olumbuis, beginning in 181.5.

The trustees, on the 14th of April. 1818. appointed "Jacob Grubb and John Martin a committee to draw up a subscription paper and receive the money subscribed," to enlarge the meet- ing-house. On the 18th of May following. George McCormick wa.s appointed to superintend the enlargement, and have it com- pleted as soon as possible, "by cutting out one side of the old house and adding a frame of 30 feet, making the whole building 50 feet, and have the whole weather-boarded, and finished in- side." September 7. 1818. Michael Patton presented to the trust- ees his bill tor ?300, for finishing the meeting-house, which was allowed.

Some time about 1823, the colored members of the Town Street society, sejiarated from their white brethren, and formed :» society of their own. They met for wors hip in rented rooms, until 1839 or 1840, when they erected a brick church on Long street.

Jacob Grubb, Nathaniel McLean, and Henry Matthews hav- ing been " appointed by the quarterly conference a committee t(.) procure subscriptions In build a new meeting-house in Colum- bus, presented the same" to the trustees, April 13, 182.'i, Avitli $1,300 subscribed. The trustees then ■■ resolved that it was ex- pedient to Iniild the hor.se of brick, 6 0 feet long and 45 feet wide, and of sufiicient heig-ht to admit of a gallery." Joseph Bdoth and George ^[cCormick were appointed to superintend the building of the house. The old wnoden structures were re- moved from the lot on Town street, and a good brick building erected on the same site. The new editiee was not, however, finished for several years, though it was coiistantlv used as a Inuise (if wiu'siiip.

The following is a list of the circuit preacher.s who otliriated ill (\)hunbus prior lo 1831. Avith the years in which the\- were severally aiiiioinled :

CHURCHES AND CEMETERIES. 183

18U, Saiimel West ; 1815, Isaac Pavey ; 1816, Jacob Hooper; 1817, William Swayze and .Simon Peters; 1818, William Swayze and Lemuel Lane ; 1819, John Tevis and Leroy Sworm- sted; 1820, John TeviS and Peter Stevens; 1821, Eussell Bige- low and Horace Brown; 1822, Eussell Bigelow and Thomas McCleary; 1823, Charles Waddle and H. S^ Fernandes ; 1821, Charles Waddle and Alfred Lorain ; 1825, Leroy Swormsted and Joseph Carper; 1826, Joseph Carper and John H. Power; 1827, Samuel Hamilton and Jacob Young ; 1828, Samuel Hamil- ton and Jesse F. Wixom ; 1829, Leroy Swormsted and G. Blue; 1830, John W. Clark and Adam Poe.

TOWN STREET CHURCH.

The Town Street Church was organized as a station in 1830. Rev. Thomas A. Morris, afterward Bishop Morris, was appointed to its charge. During the year of his service, a great revival took place, in which Rev. Josepih M. Trimble, then on the Chilli- cothe circuit, assisted. In five or six days about ninety were added to the church. The membership was doubled during the year. At its close, the number of members was reported at three hundred and twenty.

At this time the church building was unfinished. The walls were not plastered ; square pieces of timber were placed on the fl.oor, with boards laid across for seats.

Eev. Robert O. S]:)cncer was appointed to the station in 1831, and Eev. Russell Bigelow in 1832. Mr. Bigelow is remembered as an eloquent and remarkable man. Bigelow Chapel was sub- sequently named as a memorial of him. At the end of his year, he reported the number of members at three hundred and twenty-four. After leaving the station, he became chaplain of the Penitentiary.

Edmund W. Sehon was appointed to the station in 18.31 and 1835, with Eev. L. L. Hamlin; Rev. Joseph Carper, in 1836; Eev. Joseph A. Waterman, in 1837 ; Eev. William Herr, in 1838 and 1839, and Eev. Josejjh M. Trimble, in 1840 and in 1841. There was a remarkable revival during Mr. Trimble's term, at the end of which he reported a membershijj of four hundred and fifty. Rev. David Whitcomb was ap)pointed in

184 STUDER S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

1842; Eevs. John Miley and Abvam B. Wambaugh, in 1843; Rev. John Miley, in 1844, and Rev. Granville Moody, in 1845 and 1846. At the end of his term Mr. Moody reported six hundred members.

At this time Wesley Chapel, the first outgrowth of the parent stem on Town street, was formed.

Rev. Gyrus Brooks was appointed to the Town Street station in 1847 and in 1848; Rev. Duval Warnock, in 1849 and 1850; Rev. Clinton W. Sears, in 1851, and Rev. Joseph A. Brown, in 1852 and 185.3.

During Mr. Brown's term, the present Town Street Church edifice was commenced and nearly completed.

Bigelow Chapel Society was organized during the same period, taking a goodlj- colony from the Town Street organiza- tion.

While the new church building was in progress, the audience- room being the largest then in the city, was used for a great " anti-Nebraska " meeting. As the immense crowd was rushing out of the building, the stairs gave way, causing a great panic, and seriously injuring one man, a State Senator from Belmont county.

Rev. John W. White was appointed to the station in 1854 and in 1855 ; Rev. James M. Jamison, in 1856 and in 1857 ; Rev. B. N. Spahr, in 1858 and 1859 ; and Rev. Joseph M. Trimble, in 18G0 and 18G1.

Christie Chapel Church was organized at this period, chiefly by members of the Town Street Chui-ch.

The Town Street Church edifice was now finished, and, after undergoing a cloud of financial embarrassment, the debt of the society was canceled.

Rev. Daniel I>. Mather was ajipointod to the Town Street charge in 1862 and in 186H; Rev. C. A. Yan Anda, in 1864 1865, and 1866; Rev, AV. 11. Scott, in 1867: Rev. Earl Crans- ton, in 1868; Rev. B. X. S])ahr, the present jiresiding elder, in lS(i9 and 1870, and Rev. C. A. Van Anda, the present preacher in t'luirge, in 1871 and in 1872. The present local preachers are licvs. tJeorge AVeaver and I'liili]) Peilev.

The Town Street Church property includes a comfortable

CHDRCIIES AND CEMETEIUES 185

ixirsonage and a substantial and attractive church edifice, em- bracing the modern conveniences. This chnrch has supplied the basis of membership of nearlj- all the Methodist churches in the city.

The trustees of the Town Street Church are ; George Bel- lows, C. C. Bellows, T. AV. Carpenter, M. W. Bliss, C. S.^Glenn, J. C. S. Miller, O. S. Eeed, P. E. Twigg, Lewis Walton. Eev. C. A. Yan Anda is ex-ofRcio chairman of the board ; M. ^Y. Bliss, secretary-, and C. S. Glenn, treasurer.

The board of stewarts are : J. M. Shade, Charles Bellows, George Bellows, M. W. Bliss, Henry Lonis, Homer C. Ijewis, Lewis Walton, and Joseph Fitzwater.

The Sunday-school connected with the Town Street Methodist Episcopal Church numbers three hundred pupils. Lewis Wal- ton is the superintendent.

WESLEY jM. E. CHTTRCH.

Location, on High, between Gay and Long streets.

This society was organized in 1848, hy a division of the Town Street M. E. Church, the Rev. George C.Crum taking with him, for the purpose of forming a new organization, to be called the Wesley Chapel M. B. Church, one hundred and ninety mem- bers. The society erected their new church building the same year, under the supervision of the Eev. Granville Moody, then pastor of the Town Street M. B. Church. The church was dedicated in the fall of 1848, during the session of the Ohio annual conference, by Bishop B. S. Janes.

Wesley Chapel M. E. Church has been served by the following pastors, in the order given :

Eevs. George C. Crum, William Lander, John W. Weakley, John Leavith, J. L. Grover, John Frazer, William Porlen, George Brush, George Mather, J. M. Trimble, C. B. Felton, J. Crook, D. H. Moore, and S. A. Keene, pastor now in charge, who was appointed October, 1872.

This church has also been served by the j^residing elders, in the order given: Eevs. Eobert Spencer, John T. Clark, L. Con-

186 STUDEk's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

nell, J. M. Trimble, D. D., George Brush, C. A. Van Anda, and B. N. Spahr.

During tlic pastorate of Eev. C. E. Felton, the church edifice was greatly improved at a cost of §28,000, and during the pas- torate of Eev. D. H. Moore, the church membership was very much increased.

The church membership numbers at present four hundred and fifty, and the Sunday -school pupils number three hundred and fifty, with fort}' officers and teachers. The value of the church property is 158,000.

Stewards. — Jonas Eudisill, J. F. Kelley, H. F. Booth, M. Gooding. Emory Huff, J. F. Bartlitt. Geo. W. Manypenny, An- drew Gardner. Jr.. and Chester Mattoon.

Trustee-s. — Ezra Booth, Thomas Walker. L. J. Critchfield, James A. Astun, A. D. Huft'. T. W. Tallmadge. J. E. Webster, and D. S. Gray. W. C. Tremain and W. E. "Walker, superin- tendents of the Sunday-school.

BICJELOW M. E. CIIURCn..

In May, 1853, an M. E. Mission Sunday-school was organized in a room over Wm. F. Knoderer's wagon-shop, on the corner of Fourth and Friend streets, of which Joseph Fitzwater was chosen superintendent. The teachers and pupils at the opening numbered thirty-five. It was organized by the M. E. Quarterly Conference, held at the M. E. Town Street Church. Preaching was instituted in the Sunday-school room. Eev. J. A. Bruner, pastor of tiie Town Street Church, and his assistant, a young man, Eev. A. B. Mabee. preaching alternately at that room and at the City Hall, over the market-house.

The last quarterly cunference. at the Town Street Church, for 1853, asked the Oiiio Conference, held at Lancaster, to station a missionary at the point where the Sunday-school above named was in operation. This reipiest was granted, and Eev. A. B. JFabee was appciiuteil to the wiu-k. In November. 1853. the oi-ganizati(in ol a cliurcii was ett'ected. Klijah Grover. A. Cooper, N. Cibbons. M. llulm, J. Fell, .1. Whitzeli, and B. Barnes were chiisen trustees, and Joseph Fitzwater. superintendent of the Siindav-schodl.

CHURCHES a:^d cemeterie?. 187

Measures were immediately taken to raise by subscription the necessary funds for building a chapel. This was effected in the following spring, and in July, 1S54, Bishop Morris dedicated a neat little frame building, on the corner of Friend street and Straight alley, as a chapel. The building cost about $3,000, and the site 81.200.

The soeietj' grew, and in the fall of 1859, found their house of worship too small. The Second Presbyterian congregation being about to remove their place of worship, from their church editice on the west side of Third street, between Rich and Friend litreets, to their new building on east side of Third, between State and Town streets, an exchange was made — the Methodists worshiping in the frame chapel taking the church building the Presbyterians were about to leave, and agreeing to give the latter five thousand dollars, and the chapel property, which was considered worth another five thousand, making the cost of the Presbyterian building and site ten thousand dollars.

In November, 1859, the Bigelow Chapel societj' entered upon the occupation of the projierty purcha.sed. The society con- tinued to i^rosper, and in 1861 numbered about four hundred members. But on the 9th of November. 1869, the church edifice was unfortunately destroyed by fire. It was, however, imme- diately rebuilt. The basement and lecture-room were occupied the following Februarj'. December 18, 1870, the building having been finished, was dedicated bj' Dr. Keed, of Chicago.

The reconstructed edifice cost nearly thirteen thousand dollars. It was built under the sujiervision of George Bellows, as archi- tect. It will comfortably seat about six hundred persons. As a neat plain church, it is one of the best in the city. It stands on a lot having a front of ninety feet on Third street, and a depth of one hundred feet. The building and lot are valued at §25,000. The societj-, in 1869, built a pareonagc on an adjoin- ing lot. This building and lot cost S3, 500. It is proper to add that the society is now free from debt.

The following is a li.st of the successive pastors of the society: Rev. C. Mabee. for one year; J. H. Creighton, one j'ear ; T. Lee, two years; L. Taft, two j-ears ; T. H. Phillips, two j'eai-s ; A . B. Lee, two years ; A. G. Bj-ers, fourteen months ; D. H. Moore,

188 STUDEK's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

ten months; J. T. Miller, one year; T). Harlocker. Uvo years; J. AV. White, three years. Hex. J. II. Gardner, the jiresent pastor, is serving!; his second 3'oar.

The present officers of the society are: Trustees. G. 8. Innis, A. Cooper, Wm. F. Knoderer. D. E. Rockey. L. II. Wood, E. H. Link, Lonis Siebert. Board of Stewards : Henrv O'Kane. S. Bevelheimer, E. H. Link, Jacob Kilzer. John Britel. Henrv Shornton, W. II. Slack, Wm. F. Knoderer. The leader of the choir is Henry O'Kane. who is also superintendent of the Sunday-school, assisted by E, H. Link. The number in attend- ance at the school is three hundred.

OER.MAN M. E. CHURCH.

This .society dates its ori^anization as far back as 1843, at which time services were held for about one vear in the old eno-ine- liouse lelonging to the city, located at that time on the smith side of Mound street, where the new county jail now stands. -During tliis time, the congregath.n were laboring very energet- ically to complete a good-sized brick building located where'the ]>i'esent beautiful new church stands. In the vear 1S44, they took ]iOs.session of their new building, in which' thcv continued lip to 1871, when the soeiety found it verv neces.sarv, owiuir to the increase of membcrshii,, to have a larger churc'h buildLo- Several attempts to build a tiew church had been previously made by pastors in charge of the scH'ietv, whicli failed to meet with success. The present pastor, Rev. L. AUinger, soon after iie took charge ,.f the congregation, in 1871, made an eftbrt in the same direction, and with success, tor which he deserves !,v,.eat credit, ^

Tiie erection of the new cluircli was commenced in April, 1871, and dedicated on Suntlay, September 8, 187_'. The dedi- catory sermon was preaciied by Rev. Dr. Pershino-. president ..f tiie Rittsburg Female College. In the atternoon. Rev. Dr Xast aullHir of Xasis Commentaries, preached in both Cerman'and Knojish. The evening services wi're c.nuluclcd by Rev. Dr Lolii'ustcin. of Herea College.

. '■''''■ i"l>ii"i- "!■ II'O bu ng is neatly tinishe.l. and will con

vicnily accommodate live m- six Imndi-cd persons. The

um-re.

ClUIRCIIES AND CEMETEKIRS. 1811

i^atioii has had a neat towor erected on the building, in which they have phiced a belL The style of the church is Romanesque. Dimensions, 75 by -45 feet. The size of tliemaiu audience-i-oom is 63 by 41 feet, witli a gallerj- entered from the vestibule.

The societj' membership numbers 125, and the Sunday-school numbers 130 pupils. The officers of the chiirch at present are : Rev. L. Allinger, pastor ; Christian Eilber, superintendent ot Sunday-school.

Trustees. — Daniel Weir, Charles Frank, John Lauterbach, Christian Eilber, John Beuerle, August Young, and Ernst Rein- kens.

Stewards. — Charles Frank, John Lauterbach, Jacob Rapp, Christian Eilber, John Beuerle, August Seel. Joseph Kohn, and Ernst Reinkens.

CHRISTIE M. E. CHAPEL.

This societj" was originally organized in the fall of ISGO, un- der the ministration of Rev. E. W. Kirkham, by members jn'in- eipally from the Town Street M. B. Church. The new society met for worshij) in a small school-house on John street, near Hunt's Corners. In 1861, the present brick churcli edifice was erected on Cleveland avenue or Eighth street, at or near the intersection of Spring street extended.

Rev. T. W. Stanley was pastor of the congregation at the time the church building was erected, and retained that position two years. The successive pastors were : Revs. Ancil Brooks, for two years ; J. F. King, one year ; E. II. Heagler, three years ; J. M. Jamison, two yeai-s. The present pastor is the Rev. Gr. W. Burns, who took tlie oversight of tlie society in the fall of 1871.

Christie Chajjel was at tirst organized as a mission. It is now on the mission list, but is not so largely aided as in the first years of its existence. In the spring of 1871, under the admin- istration of the present pastor, the church edifice was repaired and paltered, so as to give the interior a new and inviting ap- pearance. The building will comfortabljr yeat about two hun- dred persons.

The society of Christie Chapel consi.sts of about one hundred members. There is a Sunda3--Hchool connected with the society

HM) SrUDEUS COLCMBUS, OHIO.

of about one liundred inipils. Thomas F. Griffin isthe super- intendent of the school.

Board of Trustees. — Jolni Mattliews, Matt. Eoland, F. 8. Keller, J. Evans, John Vincoe, Eeuben McClary, Evan Fennel.

Board of Stewards. — S. G. Tracy. Fred. Weaden, Jonathan Fennel. J. Evans, AVm, Davis, T. F. Griffln.

third avente m. e. church.

The Third Avenue M. E. Church is an outgrowth from a Sabbath -school organized by E. F. Woodruff, in a school-house on Second avenue, in the year 18G5 or ISGG.

The first preaching was in 1867, by Eev. A. G. Byers. while chaplain at the Ohio Fenitentiary. The first pastor appointed by the conference was Eev. L. Tatt. in the fall of 1868. The societj' then hail a membership of seventeen : and the Metho- dist Missionarv Soeietv of the city had bought a fine site tbi' a church on the corner of Third avenue and High streets, on the rear part of which the present church was erected in the fall ot 1868, at an expense of about 82.500. In the fall of 1870. the number of members was eighty, when Eev. J. B. Bradrick was appointed pastor. T)uring liis pastorate the church lot was cleared of debt, and in the fall of 1871. Eev. H. K. Foster be- came pastor, whose service was brief, the Eev. J. L. Gi'over filling out the year. In the fall of 1872. Eev. E. H. "Wallace, the present pastor, was appointed by the conference. The present membership is one hundred and fit\een, with Sabbath- school numliering one hundred and sixty pupils, the pastor act- ing as superintendent. Trustees: Luther Hillary, president ; J. R. Hughs, treasurer, and ('. D. Firestone, secretarv.

TIIF, WELCH CALAIXISTIC JIETHOPIST, OR WELCH PRESBYTERIAN

CHURCH.

'fills church, worshijiing on the southwest corner of Long and I'Ml'lh streets, was organized in 1849, by Eev. John T. AVilliams, of i'omeroy. ( )hio. At its m-igiu the number of members was twenty-eight. Their minister was licv. AVilliani Farrv, ot

CHURCIIKS AND CEMETERIEr^. 191

(rranville, Ohio. The first officers of the church were Edward Herbert and Evan Eeynolds. The first meetings were held in a small frame building, on the lot on the northwest corner of Long and Fourth streets, on which now stands the residence of Dr. J. W. Hamilton. Among the members of the church in its early historj-, were William Benbow, Daniel S. Jones, Koyer Reynolds, Noah Bowen, and Thomas Rowland.

The church was received, May 30, 1850, into tlie Presbytery, at Xewark, Ohio. During that year, tiio church edifice, on the southwest corner of Long and Fifth streets, was built. In this enterprise, the congregation was greatly assisted, among others, bj' Richard Jones, druggist, and David Price.

It was not till 1855 that the church had a stated minister. Rev. David Williams then became the pastor, and remained till 1858, wlien he was succeeded by Rev. William Parry, of Gran- ville ; Joseph E. Davis, of Newark ; Hugh Roberts, of Radnor, Delaware count}', Ohio, and Evan R. Jones, who is still a local preacher in the church. Rev. R. H. Evans was called to the pastorate in October, 1860, and remained until March, 1809. At the latter date the church numbered eightj'-five members, and the building had been considerably enlarged.

After Mr. Evans left, the pulpit was supplied for about a year bj' ministers from neighboring churches. December 21, 1869, a unanimous call was given to the present pastor. Rev. David Harries, of Ironton, Ohio, who accepted the call, and entered upon his pastoral labors on the first Sabbath of March, 1870. On the 11th of that month he was duh^ installed. The charge to the church was given by Rev. E. T. Evans, of Newark ; and that to the pastor, by Rev. Howell Powell, of Cincinnati, now of New York.

The church, at the time the call was extended to its present pastor, numbered eighty-seven members ; it now, December, 1872, numbers one hundred and forty-seven. It has a Sabbath- scliool of two hundred, and a " Band of Hope " (temperance) including one hundred and filty-six members.

The present officers of the church are : Rev. David Harries, ])astor ; Evan R. Jones, local preacher ; R. C. Williams, secre- tary ; D. S. Jones, treasurer. The deacons are : David S. Jones,

]92 STUDEK'.S COLl'ilBUS, OHIO.

Thomas II. Jones. Maurice E. Williams, Daniel S. Morgan. R. ('. Williams. The trustees are: Maurice E. Williams. J). S. .lones, Thomas H. .Jones, I). J. Benbow. John W. Hughes. Su- jieriiitendent of Sabhath-sehool, D. J. Benbow ; secretary of same, Thonuis Williams.

NEIL M. E. CHAPEL.

The society worshipping at Xeil Chapel was organized in Xo- vember. 1871, by four persons — Rphraini AVebb. John Walker, George Ijoop, ajid Lydia Walker — assembled in a small room in Joseph Walker's house. I)uring the next month, this room be- coming too small, the society oVitained from John AValker the use of a barn, thirty-two feet square. It was fitted up and made to aceonnnodate the congregation, which worshiped in it from the liOth of December. 1871. till the latter part of last October. During this time, about eiglity members were added to the church.

Two lots, valued at .SI, (ilKl. having been donated to the so- ciety by Eobert E. Neil, the erection of a brick church edifice, 4(1 by 115 feet, and two stories high, was commenced last June, estimated to be worth, when completed, SO. 000. By the Lst of last November, the lecture-room and two class-rooms, in the lower story, had been finished and dedicated.

The societv is now in a flourishing condition, having about eighty member.s, and a Sunday-school of one hundred and thirty children and youth. Thus, in one short year, this society grew up, aiul a goood church building was erected under the patron- age and superintendence of Eev. D. llorlocker. It bids fair to become oi\c of the prominent M. K. charges of the eitv.

Titr.sTEEs. — John F. Bartlitt, Ephraim Webb, J. M. Walker, John Loop, tieo. W. Loo]>, and .lohn Walker, Jr.

Stewards. — John .M. Walker, Ephraim Webb, Ilavid Mulhol- land, T. E. Taylor, and Kdward Fisher.

ST. r.^l LS A. M. K. CHIRCH.

This church is the successor of the Bethel M. E. t'hureh, or rather, it is the same society with iln' name ehaiiu'ed.

About the year ISl'll, the colored luenibers of the Town Street jM. \']. congregation separated from the whites, and formed a society' of their own. They held their meetings in ])rivate i-oonis

CHURCHES AND CEMETERIES. 193

until a frame buildinf( for their use was erected on Straight alley. This was occupied until 1844, when a brick church edi- fice was built on East Long, near Fourth street. The first board of trustees of Bethel Church were Richard Butcher, Sen., Eich- ard Butcher, Jr., Joseph Harris, James Bland, Hanson Johnson, Allen Brown, and Edward Smith. The first stewards were Anthony Barrett, B. J. Eoberts, and A. M. Taylor. Of all these, Hanson Johnson is the only survivor.

The old Bethel Chiirch building having become the pi'operty of the Shiloh Baptist Church , the new St, Paul's African M. E. Church edifice was erected, in 1871-72, on a lot, 62i by 187A feet, on the north side of Long street, and nearly opposite the old Bethel Church building. It is one hundred feet long by fifty -four wide. The first story is occupied by the Sunday-school. One of the rooms, at the side of the alcove, is fitted vip for the pastor's study. The audience-room above is of the full size of the build- ing, and will comfortably seat from seven to eight hundred jjer- sons. The total cost of the church property was a little over twentj^ thousand dollars. It is estimated to be worth a third more.

The church edifice was dedicated on Svinday, July 21, 1872, Bishop Payne officiating, assisted by Eev. Philip Tolliver, of Chillicothe. The bishop preached the dedicatory sermon, tak- ing his text from 1 Kings, ix; 3. A sermon was delivered in the church in the afternoon hj Eev. E. A. Johnson, of Cincinnati, and a discourse in the evening by Eev. C. A. "Van Anda, of Town Street M. E. Church, in this city.

The Sunday-school connected with the church numbers one hundred and twenty pupils and has eighteen teachers. The su- perintendent is David Stanton. The school librarj' contains six hundred volumes. The church has an organ, and a choir led by Alfred Eoberts. Eev. J. P. Underwood is jjastor of the church.

There are at present connected with the church 276 members.

The trustees of the church are James S. Waring, C. A. Woodward, Jabez Jones, Alexander Broadis, Eiehard Upthe- grove, T. J. Washington, J. S. Tyler, Eiehard M. Scott, and Thos. J. Williamson.

Bo.iRD OF Stewards. — Walker Ewing, Anderson Ewing, J.

194 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

B. Stewart (recording secretaryO Alfred Eoberts, Samuel Mon- mouth, Eobert Day, Jr., aud Jetferson T. Williams.

PRESBYTERIAN CHURCHES. THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

This church originated in Franklinton. Its tirst pastorwas the Eev. James Hoge, afterward known as Dr. Hoge. He was born in Hardy county, Virginia, July 4, 1784, and, on the 17th of April, 1805, was licensed to jjreach bj' the Lexington Presbytery of Vir- ginia. Having obtained from the Presbyterian General Assem- bly an appointment as itinerant missionary in Ohio, Mr. Hoge arrived in Franklinton, November, 1805, in company with the su- preme judges who were about to open in that town the first term of the Supreme Court ever held in Franklin county. The court was held in a room in the house of John Overdier. a two-story frame building, which stood about two hundred yards north of the site of the county coui't-house erected in 1807-8. The judges ten- dered Mr. Hoge the use of the court-room for preaching, and adjourned court to hear his sermon. Mr. Hoge continued his missionary labors, aud, on the 8th of Februaiy. 1806, a Presby- terian church was organized in Franklinton. On the Sunday following, the sacrament of the Lord's supjier was administered to thirteen members.

The congregation. September 25, 1807, extended to Mr. Hoge a formal call to become their pastor. It was in the handwriting (if Lucas Sullivant, and was signed by Eobert Culbertson and William Eeed, as ciders, and by Joseph Dixon, John Dill, David Nelson, "William Domigan, Joseph Hunter, and Lucas Sullivant, as ti-ustees. In that document the young pastor was promised an annual salary of three hundred dollars, in half-yearly pay- ments tor three-fourths of his time, until the congregation should find itself able to compensate him at the same rate for his whole time. Principally through the instrumentality of Lucas Sulli- vant, a j)lain one-story brick building was erected, in 1812, for a ])lace of public worshi]); but before its completion, it was taken ]ii>sscssion of by the military stationed in the town. I'uring a violent tornado, in iMarch, 1813, it was blown do\\n.

CHURCHES AND CEMKTERIES. 195

In 1815, another brick building Avas erected on the bank of the river, for the use of the congregation. In the spring of 1814, a log cabin, twenty-five by thirty feet, was built for religious serv- ices, on a lot belonging to Mr. Iloge, near the present intersec- tion of Third and Spring streets, in Columbus. Until 1818, the meetings of the congregation were held, from time to time, both in Fraidvlinton and Columbus, though princijjallj' in the former place.

As the greater portion of the congregation resided on the Co- lumbus side of the Scioto, a frame meeting-house was erected, in the spring of 1818, on a lot donated for the purpose, at the junction of Town an'd Front streets. It was afterward known as the "Trinity in Unity," being composed of three structures capable of being separated. The sale of seats amounted to 11,796.50, the highest priced pew selling for forty dollars. In 1821, the congregation was regularly organized as the First Presbyterian Congregation of Columbus. The salary of the pastor, Mr. Hoge, was increased, in 1823, to eight hundred dollars. The present church building, on the southwest corner of State and Third streets, was erected in 1830. Two years afterward. Dr. Hoge's salary was increased to one thousand dollars. Extensive alter- ations were made in the church building, about twenty years after its erection, by which it was greatly improved. The cost of these improvements was at first estimated at four thousand dollars ; but when the work was done, it had cost twenty thou- sand.

The church and congregation, February 8, 1856, held a semi- centennial celebration of their first organization in Franklinton. The venerable Dr. Hoge, who had been, during the preceding eight or ten years, assisted in his ministerial labors by various clergymen, preached his farewell sermon, June 25, 1857, in which he resigned his pastoral charge to Rev. Edgar Woods, of Wheel- ing, who was duly installed on the 30th of tlie same month. The church building was again remodeled in 1859, and assumed the appearance it now wears. Mr. Woods resigned the pastor- ate in February, 1862, and was succeeded by Eev. William C. Uoborts, of Wilmington, Delaware; installed, KovemVjcr 11, 1862. At the close of 1864, Mr. Robcrt.s retired ii-om the pas-

196

STUDER S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

toral charge, which was committed to Eev. Dr. "\V. E. Marshall, who resigned it December 20, 1869. The pastoral office remained vacant until May, 1871, Avhen Eev. Eobert Laidlaw, of Milton, Ontario (Canada), the present pastor, was unanimously chosen to fill the vacancy.

The First Presbyterian Church building, on the corner of Third and State streets, is a fine model of architectural taste. On the south wall of the auditorium, is placed a marble tablet in memory of Dr. Hoge. The church property is valued at forty thousand dollars.

The officers of the church at jjresent are :

Pastor — Eev. J. Laidlaw ; Trustees — Charles Summers, Amos Layman, A. D. Eodgers, II. A. Lanman. and John L. Gill; Charles Summers is president of the board of trustees ; Amos Layman, secretary, and H. A. Lanman, treasurer; Elders — W. M. Awl, James S. Abbott. Isaac Dalton. and Alfred Thomas.

THE SECOND PRESBYTERIAX CHURCH.

This church was organized in 1830, on the first Sunday in March. It consisted at first of thirty-one persons, the irre'ater part of whom had been connected with the First Presbyterian Church. For some time prior to the organization of the church, the members held their meetings for public worship in a room near the corjier of Eich and High streets. They were incorpo- rated in April. 1839. by an act of the legislature', and measures were taken for the erection of a house of worship. The conijre- gation, early in the following year, assembled for worship inthe basement of the church edifice, then in the course of erection, on the west side of Third street, between Eich and Friend streets. Tliis structure waw comjileted during tlie eiisuinij; fall.

From the time of their organization, in March, 1839, until the next October, the congregation had the services of Eev. ]\[r. Toplirt'. Eev. George L. Boarilman then supplied the pulpit till May, 1840. It was at this time that the Eev. Henry L. Hitch- cocl<. D. D., having received a unanimous call to the pastorate, began liis ministrations in the churcli. .He was regularly in- slaik-d as pastor on the 24th of ^Wember, 1841, and\-ontinued

CHURCHES AND CEMETERIES. 197

in this relation to the church until August 1, 1855, when he be- came president of the Western Eeservc College.

Eev. Edward D. Morris, of Auburn, N. Y., accepted a unani- mous call to the pastorate left vacant by the retirement of Dr. Hitchcock. Mr. Morris began his ministerial labors with the congregation on the first Sunday in December, 1855, and on the 2d of January following, was duly installed pastor. Owing to the increasing size of the congregation after the old church building had been enlarged, a new one was erected in 1860.

D. T. Woodbury, one of the leading merchants of the city in 1856, presented to the congregation for the site of a church edi- fice, a lot 62i- feet front by 145 deep, estimated at that time to be worth four thousand dollars, and situated on the east side ot Third street, between State and Town streets, about lialf a square south of the First Presbyterian Chui-ch, but on the opposite side of Third street.

On this lot a fine house of worship) was erected in 1860, which is still occupied by the congregation. It is N'orman in its archi- tecture. The building is 146 feet in length, by 76 in width ; the height of the gables is 76 feet ; the height of the northwest tower, including the spire, is 200 feet ; the height of the south- west tower is 109 feet, and the height of the four pinnacles of the transept is 65 feet.

The interior is divided into audience-room, chapel, conference- room, a session-room, pastor's study, vestibules, and basement. The audience-room is 97 feet by 60, and 48 feet high. There are 158 pews on the main floor, 36 in the side galleries, and accom- modations in the orchestra for the organ and forty singers. The aisles are spacious, and the pews are without doors, and uni- formly upholstered. The pulpit is finely carved, and finished in imitation of rosewood.

Eev. John F. Kendall succeeded Mr. Morris in 1868, and in April, 1872, the present pastor, Eev. Wm. E. Moore, was duly installed.

The church has a membership numbering 280. The Sabbath- school 23upils number 225 ; superintendent, E. H. Cook. Value of the church property at present, $75,000.

Elders. — Ebenezer McDonald, Chauncey N. Olds, Eaymond

198 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

Burr, G. L. Smead, John J. Ferson, Alfred Eitsoii, and David E. Putnam.

Trustees.— Charles Baker, ^'athan B. Marple, Alexander Houston, Alfred Eitson, and L. S. Ayres.

WESTMINSTER CHURCH.

This church was organized June 1, 1854, by a colony from the First Presbyterian Church. The congregation for about three years, and during the time of the erection of their church edi- fice, held services in the lecture-room of Starling Medical Col- lege. The church edifice was dedicated August 23, 1857. It cost, with the excei^tion of the tower. 816.000. The architect of the building was Mr. Hamilton, of Cincinnati ; the stone-work was done by John Stoddard, and the cai-penter work by John Clark. The building is calculated to seat about five hundred persons.

Eev. JosiahD. Smith, D. D., was installed Augusts. 1854, as the first pastor of the church. He died May 29. 1863. Eevs. Henry McCracken and H. M. Eobertsou were after that event succes- sive pastors. The present pastor is the Eev. Bob Eoy McXulty.

The first elders of the churcli were William Blynn and John Y. Cowhick, installed June 14, 1854. Since then, the following elders have been installed : E. X. Barr, May 5, 1855 ; J. E. Paul, September 5, 1857 ; Samuel Galloway, February 5, 1859 ; David Taylor, May 5, 1860 ; William Jamison, April 15, 1866, and Gor- don Moodie, April 15, 1866.

Of these elders two, "Williani Blynn and Saniuel Galloway, have died ; and three, Jolm Y. Cowhick. E. X. Barr, and J. E. Paul, have removed frcmi the city. The present elders are David Taylor, William .lamison, and Gordon Moodie.

The trustees of the congregation at present are : "W. H. H. Shinn, Alfred Kelly, (icorge J. Atkinson, L. Backus, Xoah Bowen, and John Stothert. The nun\ber of church-members is Ihirly. There is a Sabbath-sehool connected with the church, with about one hundred pupils. Gordon ;\[oodie is the sujier- intendent. It meets at half-past nine o'clock every Sundav mornine;.

CHURCHES AND CEMETERIES. 199

THE HOaE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

This mission cliui-ch, the youngest oifspi-ing of the oldest among the sisterhood of Presbyterian chui-ches in Coluri;ibu8, commenced its career on the 22d of January, 1870, with twentj^ members. The congregation is ftist increasing in a rapidly groTring part of the city. The pleasant church building on Park street, in the northAvest part of the city, is generally known as "Hoge Chapel." Eev. J. C. Tidball had charge of the church for about a year after its organization, when he resigned on account of ill-health. Eev. D. Kingery succeeded him for about another year, when the present pastor, Eev. J. M. Eich- mond, was called to fill the office.

The present number of members is ninety, and the Sundaj'- school attendance averages one hundred and sixty -five; William Sackett, superintendent.

Elders. — Dr. G. F. Guerin, Samuel C4arwood, J. A. P. Collar, and "William Sackett.

Trustees. — William Sackett, William D. Barnett, John L. Yinceut, Samuel G-arwood, J. A. F. Cellar, and James Mickel.

CONGREGATIONAL CHUKCHES. FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH.

On the 29th of September, 1852, the Third Presbyterian Church was organized, composed of forty -two members, sent out from the Second Presbyterian Church for that purpose. The new church adopted rules of government, partly Presbyterian and partly Congregational, identical with those of the church from which they came. It continued under that name and style, eujoj'ing the services, as pastor, of Eev. William H. Marble, over throe years, and of Eev. Anson Smyth, as stated supply, about eight months. The officers were ;

Elders. — Warren Jenkins, M. B. Batoham, J. W. Hamilton, L. L. Eice.

Trustees op the Society. — T. S. Baldwin, L. L. Eice, P. C. Sessions.

On the .3d day of November, 1856, by unanimous vote of the

200

STUDER S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

members, the name of the church was changed to that of First Congregational Church of Columbus, and the polity of that de- nomination was adojited altogether. Rev. J. M. Steele, from New Hampshire, was installed as pastor, November 7, 1856. The very accejitable labors of Mr. Steele were of short duration.

FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. Located oil Broad, between High and State streota.

CHURCHES AND CEMETERIES 201

Visiting the city of New York, on business, he was seized with small-i)ox, and died there, April 5, 1857.

Eev. ]Sr. A. Hyde, of New York, officiated as stated supply, from December, 1857, to June 1, 1858.

The church edifice, on Broad street, facing the State-house Square, was dedicated December 21, 1857.

Eev. Henry B. Elliott, from Connecticut, was installed as pas- tor November 9, 1858. His laboi-s continued until May 11, 1860, when he resigned the pastorate, and the resignation was accepted.

Eev. Edward F. Goodwin, from Vermont, accepted a call as pastor, and was installed February 26, 1861. Mr. Goodwin con ■ tinned as jjastor xmtil December 15, 1867, when he resigned to accept a call to Chicago.

■ Eev. George W. Fhillips, from Massachusetts, was installed as Mr. Goodwin's successor. May 12, 1868. Mr. Phillips resigned his pastorate September 24, 1871, and returned to Massachusetts.

A call was extended to Eev. Eobert G. Hutchins, of Brooklyn, New York, to become pastor, as the successor of Mr. Phillips. The call was accepted, and Mr. Hutchins entered upon his labors here, Sunday, October 27, 1872.

Marked prosperity has attended the laboi's of the foregoing pastors, and revivals have occured under several of them, especially those of Mr. Mai-ble, Mr. Hyde, and Mr. Goodwin. Six hundred and fifty-one members were received into the church up to the close of the labors of Mr. Phillips. Many of these have been dismissed to other localities, and not a few have died. The present active membership (December, 1872) is about three hundred.

The church building on Broad street has just been remodeled and enlarged, and a building for Sunday-school and social pur- poses, adjoining the church, erected at an expense of about twenty-five thousand dollars.

The present officers of the church and society are ; Pastor — ■ Eev. Eobert G. Hutchins ; Deacons — M. P. Ford, F. C. Sessions, L. L. Eice, E. D. Phillips, D. G. Smith, and B. D, Hills ; Clerk and Treasurer— M. P. Ford ; Trustees— G. W. Wakefield, F. C. Sessions, B. F. Eeese, Eufus Main, H. S. Babbitt, and C. L. Clark ; Clerk— B. D. Hills ; Treasurer— J. A. Jeffrey.

202 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

HIGH STREET CONGREOtATIOSAL CHURCH.

Located on tlie northwest corner of High and Eussell streets.

The Corner-stone of this new church edifice, to be erected on the west side of Higli street, nortli of Capital University, was laid on Monday afternoou, September 9, 1872, in the presence of a large assembly of people. A praj'er was offered by Eev. Mr. Kelsey, of the First or Broad Street Congregational Church, and an address was delivered by Eev. A. Hastings Eoss, pastor of the Springfield Congregational Church. L. L. Bice, superin- tendent of public printing, gave a brief sketch of tlie rise and progress of Congregationalism in this city.

The corner-stone was then laid in its iwojier position, Eev. Mr. Merrill placing in the aperture prepared a tin box. containing a brief history of the organization ; names of officers, of teachers, and Sabbath-school pupils ; names of the building committee ; minutes of the State Conference held at Marietta in June, 1872 ; names of all tbe ministers of the denomination in the State; a copy of the Adcance, printed at Chicago, and a copy of each of the papers printed in this city. The exercises were closed with the usual ceremonies.

This church was organized March 9, 1872, twenty-seven mem- bers from the First Church having been dismissed at their own request, for the purpose, and eleven from other churches, uniting in tlie organization. They have a fine church building, located in the north part of the city, in the midst of an intelligent and fiist increasing po]ndation. Eev. S. M. Merrill has, until re- cently, supplied their pulpit, in a temp(M'ary chapel erected for the purpose, until the new ehureh is eompleted. 3[r. Merrill closed his services the 1st of November, and was succeeded by the Eev. A. H. Eoss, in February, 1873. The demand for a churcb in Unit locality, and tlie enterprising eliaraeter of the members engaged in the enterprise, give assurance of great lirospcrity and usefulness. The new church building occupied by the congregation, including the ground, cost about tweiUv thousand dollars. Mr. Praeli was tlie architect. The building is 54 by 85 feet in size, two stories, built of brick, with trinf-

CHURCHES AND CEMETERIES. 203

mings of stone and galvanized iron. The style of architecture is English gothic.

Officers of the Church : Deacons — S. M. Hotchkiss, C. H. Walker, L. P. Eose, W. Jenkins ; Clerk and Treasurer — E. C. Beach ; Trustees— W. A. Hershiser, S. E. Saninel, David Price.

THIRD CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH.

This church was organized during the summer of 1872, by a council called for the purpose, and is located in the northeast quarter of the city, inhabited chietly by employees and operatives in the shops and furnaces springing up in that region. Thej" own an eligible lot, donated for church purposes, on which a small but pleasant chapel was erected several years since, where an interesting Sunday-school has been maintained through the enterprise of a few individuals, whose perseverance in the past gives assurance of success in the future. Only occasional ^Jreach- ing has been enjoyed to the present time.

The present officers are : Joseph J. Davis, deacon ; J. J, Davis, P. C. Sessions, and J. Bardmore, trustees ; and Wm. Davis, clerk.

WELCH PRESBYTERIAN OR CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH.

This church was organized by the Rev. Dr. James Hoge, pastor of the First Presbyterian Chm-ch, about Christmas, 1837. It con- sisted originallj' of twelve members only (three men and nine women), of whom, we believe, but two survive — David Davis and wife, residing in this city, on Eighth street. The first officers were David Davis, elder, and William Jones, deacon.

The church has, since its organization, met regularly everj^ Sunday for worship, and kept up a regular Sundaj^-school, though it has been much of the time without a preacher or a pastor. The first preacher was Eev. Hugh Price, who com- menced in 1838, and continued about two years, preaching, how- ever, half the time in Dublin. His successors were : Pev. Seth Powell, for four years, and Eev. James Price, for a year and a half. The church was then, for some time, without regular preaching.

Eev. B. Evans was then engaged for a year and a half; Eev. Eeese Powell, for five j^ears ; Eev. John H. Jones, for four

204 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OTiro.

years; and Rev. Reese Powell, being engaged the second time, remained ten j'ears, or till 1869. Rev. John Jones was then en- gaged for about a year and a half. After his term, Rev. Mr. Evans, a resident of this citj', preached occasionally ; but we understand the church has at j^resent no resident preacher or pastor.

The first meetings of the church, after its organization, were held in a school-house, situated on an alley between High and Front streets, and north of Broad street. After meeting at this place for about a year, several other locations were occupied in succession, as the Baptist Church on Front street, another school- house, and the private residence of David Davis, Finally, a brick school-house, on the corner of Fourth and Oak streets, was rented at one dollar per month, and there the couo-regation met until its present house of worship was built in 1845. This is a frame building, thirtj' -three by twenty-six feet, erected on ground bought for the purpose, on the north side of Town street, and between Fifth and Sixth streets. The site is the west half of lot No. 59 of Kelley, Xorthrup A: Kerr's heirs addition to Columbus, called "Allotment of Central Reserve." The cono;re- gation at first bought the whole lot of 3Ir. Xorthrup for $500, but soon afterward sold the east half to Thomas Jones, for S250.

The Town Street Welsh Church was, in 1849. reduced to its original number (twelve), by a large portion of its members leaving to help form the Welsh Methodist Calviuistic Church, worshiping on Long street.

The Town Street Church was incorporated April 10, 1872, under the name of the "Welsh Congregational Church," with the following persons named as trustees : David Price, John Davies, John. Bain, Richard Brown, and Jonathan Stephens.

The average number of members of the church is about sev- enty, and of the Sunday-school about forty. The elders are David Davis and John l>avis. The deacons are John Bain and David Phillips.

BAPTIST CHUKCHES.

THE FTEST BAPTIST CHURCH.

Tile history of this church runs through a period of nearlV fifty years. In February, 1823, Rev. George Jeft'ries, a Baptist clergyman, settled in Columbus, and immediatelv commenced

CHURCHES AND CEMETERIES. 205

preaching in his own house. A few Baptists were gathered, and in the course of the first year two persons were baptized.

In the spring of 1824, eleven persons, five males and six females, organized themselves into a congregation, and on the 15th day of May they were duly recognized bj' an ecclesiastical council, and received into the sisterhood of churches.

Elder Jeffries, as he was called, continued to preach to the church, and in April, 1825, was formally called to be its pastor. He continued for some time to hold meetings in his own house, with little or no j^ecuniary compensation. He spent a part of his time in manual labor, preaching a portion of the time to churches in the adjacent country.

In 1830, it appears Elder Jeffries built a school-house, to which the meetings were transferred, the church contributing, as the record says, §4.95 in money, and two and three-fourths' days work " toward fixing the school-house built by Elder Jeffries for the purpose of having meetings in." This school-house was between Front and JMound streets, in the rear of the present St. Paul's German Lutheran Church.

In April, 1831, the church purchased a lot on Front street, near the corner of Mound, paying for it $175. On this a small brick church was erected, built at great sacrifices on the part of the few members, the pastor and his wife, as well as other mem- bers laboring with their own hands to complete it. On the Saturday before the first Sunday in May, 1832, they held their first season of worship in their new house. This building is still standing, and is now occupied as a dwelling-house.

In the fall of 1833, a number of Welsh Baptists having moved into the city, they organized themselves into a church, under the guidance of Eev. John Harris, from Wales, and for some time continued to worship by themselves.

In the meantime several prominent Baptists having moved into the city, and thinking the church under Mr. Jeffries as not suificiently aggressive, and not taking the stand in the commu- nity the importance of the cause demanded, determined to make a move for a more efficient organization. An apj)eal was made to the American Baptist Home Mission Society for aid. As the result of this movement, the Kov. T. E. Cressy was commisioned

206 STUDEk's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

by that societj-, and .sent to labor as a missionary in Columbus. He arrived in tlie city in the summer of 1835, and immediately commenced preaching.

A general meeting of all interested was called, to see what could be done to consolidate the Baptist element of the city into one organization. This meeting was held in Trinity Episcopal Church, on Broad street, on the lot now occupied by Hayden's large business block, the rector, Eev. Mr. Preston, having gen- erously offered its use for this purpose. As the result of this conference, the independeni Baptists and the Welsh church all united with the original organization, Mr. Jeffries resigning, and Mr. Cressy assuming the jjastorate.

Prominent among those who took part in this new movement were Eev. John Harris, Dr. J. B. Wheaton (for many years a prominent druggist in the city), Tunis Peters. Eufus Bixby, and William Thomas.

The Welsh members were, from the first, and have continued to be, a useful and efficient element in the Baptist organization. Eev. John Harris may be said to be one of the efficient founders of the Baptist interest in the city. He was a devout and earne.'it man, whom all respected and loved. He preached both in Welsh and English. His devotion, his zealous exhortations and earnest prayers are well remembered by many at the present day. He died December 12, 18G3, in the 77th year of his age.

The union consummated, Mr. Cressy comnrenced with a church numbering in all fifty-six members. From this time we may date the substantial prosperity of the church. Mr. Cressy was an earnest and laborioiis pastor. His kind and sympa- thizing disposition, his integrity of character, his instructive preaching, often rising into commanding eloquence, secured for him the respect of the community and the love of his church.

The location of the meeting-house was found unfavorable, the accommodations it afforded insufficient, and a move was soon made for a larger and more commodious edifice.

After considerable consultation, a lot was purchased of Dr. Goodale, on the corner of Eich and Third streets, for the sum $800. The location was tlien considered almost out of the citv. Rich street not having yet been graded. The lot itself was in-

CHURCHES AND CEMETERIES. 207

closed with a Yirginia rail-fence, and covered with a growing crop of corn and potatoes. In their efforts to build, the church met with much encouragement from the community, many from other denominations contributing substantial aid, among whom special mention should be made of P. B. Wilcox, Esq., who en- couraged them in the work both by counsel and pecuniary aid. Meetings were commenced in the lecture-room of the new church, April 6, 1837, but the house was not publicly dedicated and services held in the main audience-room, until November 1, 1840. The erection of such a house was a great undertaking for this church ; but in the midst of their efforts their number was largely increased. During 1838 and 1839 the church was favored with an extensive revival, during which one hundred and thirty persons united with it by baptism.

The pastorate of Mr. Cressy continued seven years. He re- signed in July, 18-42. Some still living in connection with the church remember with pleasure and gratitude his faithful la- bors. He commenced with fifty-six and left the church with one hundred and ninety -two members.

The pastors since have been : Eev. Daniel Eldridge, two and one-half years; Eev. D. B. Cheney, five and one-half; Eev. Henry Davis, five; Eev. D. A. Eandall, seven and one-fourth ; Eev. George S. Chase, one and one-fourth ; and Eev. J. W. Os- borne, five years.

In 1869, the house erected under the pastorate of Eev. T. E. Cressy was thoroughly remodeled and enlarged, at an expense of about $8,000, and will cost, when the tower is completed, about $13,000. The audience-room is 50 by 65 feet; the walls are finely frescoed in dark granite, the upper ceiling with heavy panel work. The gothic windows are set in stained glass of fine colors. The church is also supplied with an ample baptis- mal font, and has also a lai'ge and beautifully-finished basement for lectures and Sunday-school purposes, with class and dressing- rooms. The present number of members is about three hundred and fifty, with a large and efficient Sunday-school, of which L. D. Myers is superintendent. The church also maintains a mis- sion school, in the north part of the city, under the superintend- ence of B. J. Loomis. Here it has purchased a lot and erected

208 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

a chapel, at an expense of 31,600 to SI, 800. The church also maintains a mission Sunday-school at Mt. Airy, in the northeast part of the city. The present pastor is Rev. I. F. Stidham, late of Philadelphia, who commenced his labors October 1, 1872. The trustees of the church are Dr. J. M. "Wheaton, L. T>. Myers, Jeffrey Powell, B. J. Loomis, L. L. Smith, Abel Hildreth, A. B. Lawrence; James Somers, clerk, and Charles E. Batterson, treasurer,

SECOND BAPTIST CHURCH.

Located southeast corner of Gay and Lazelle streets. This is an organization formed in the ye<ir 1837, and has a membershiv) at present numbering three hundred. The Sunday-school cou- nected with this church numbers one hundred and twenty pupils. The present pastor is Eev. James Poindexter, and the superin- tendent of the Sunday-school is Wm. H. Eoney.

Trustees. — A. Lewis, M, McG-ee, J. Dickey, Jas. Shelton. and M. Trent.

Deacons. — J. Hooper, E. Trent, C. Houston, X. Lynn, and J. Johnson.

SHILOH BAPTIST CHURCH.

This church is located on East Long, between Third and High streets. At a meeting held on the Sth of August, 18(39, in Eobert Eusk's building, corner of Fourth and Gar streets an organization, with a membership numbering fifty-five, was effected. Prominent among the members were Elders James Shewcraft and F. Mitchell. The services of the congregation were continued at this place until November, 1871, wheii Col- man C. Smith purchased the present church building from John Miller, banker, at a cost of 34,200. Eev. Elder li.B. Moss has been the pastor ever since the organization of the congreo-ation.

The officers of the church at present are as follows : Dea- cons—Henry Hill, Henry Allen, W. B. Ferguson, C. Eichard- son, James Shelton, Eobert Johnson, and "Wayinan Baler. Trustees— C. C. Smith, C. K. Haris, N. Baley, E. Johnson, ami M. Eandolph. Henry Hill, treasurer, and John M. Booker, clerk. The present number of members is one hundred and ninety; the number of Sunday-school pupils is twenty-three with C. C. Smith, superintendent; W. B. Ferguson, assistant.

CHURCHES AND CEMETERIES. 209

LUTHERAN CHURCHES. THE GERMAN EVANGELICAL ST. PAXIL'S CHURCH.

This is one of the oldest church organizations in the city, its origin dating as far back as 1821. For many years its services were held in a frame building on Third street, on the site of the present Universalist Church edifice. Several pastors served the congregation till 1843, when Eev. Conrad Mees, the present pastor, assumed the charge.

The congregation, in 1844, erected a large brick church edi- fice on the southwest corner of High and Mound streets. Like many German congregations in this country, its growth was at- tended by many severe trials, both internal and external.

A sad calamity befell the congregation on the 10th of Octo- ber, 1856. Early in the morning of that day, a fire broke out in a long frame in the rear of Mr. English's building, on High street, opposite the court-house. The German St. Paul's Church, standing only a few feet north of the burning structure, fell a prey to the devouring flames, the bare walls only remaining. With the church, an organ, said to be the finest then in the city, was also destroyed. There was no insurance on either. The congregation began forthwith to build anew ; and through its own exertions, the first anniversary of the fire was celebrated by the consecration of a new church edifice, the final completion of which is now in progress.

The congregation is one of the largest in the city, with a Sunday-school and choir, which have retained their organiza- tions intact during a period of thirty years, the time of service of the present pastor.

TRINITY GERMAN EVANGELICAL CHURCH.

This church was organized in 1847, by Eev. W. F. Lehmann, its first and only pastor. Its fir.st meetings were held in Me- chanics' Hall, southeast corner of High and Eich streets. It afterward met in the German Church, on Mound street, near Third, and at other places. Its present large church edifice, on the northeast corner of Third and South streets, was erected in

210 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

1856 and 1857, the corner-stone having been laid, with appro- priate ceremonies, early in 1856. It was dedicated near the close of that year, and as soon as the audience-room was com- pleted. It is 56i by 105 feet, and will comfortably seat about 1,000 persons, and may be made to accommodate an audience of 1,100 or 1,200.

The present number of communicating members is 577. The pastor is ex-officio jiresident of the church council. The elders are Jacob Schmidt and Conrad Luft. The trustees are An- drew Bertsch, Peter Schille, and N". Huber. The deacons are, M. Suttler and F. Anthony, with two vacancies in the number. The secretary is John Gruebler, and the treasurer. Christian Scroth.

The Sunday-school, which meets in the basement of the church on Sunday mornings, has an average attendance of

about two hundred. Its superintendent is Kuth. There

are also regular catechetical exercises on Sunday afternoons.

There are connected with the church three societies, having in view the furtherance of the interests of the congregation, called Men's, Women's, and Youths' Monthly Meetings. Be- sides, most of the members of the congregation are attached to an association organized for the care and support of sick mem- bers.

FIRST ENGLISH LUTHERAN CHURCH.

Located on Eich street, between Seventh and Washington avenue. This organization had not, until the year 1868. a per- manent place of worship. The cost of the building, erected in 1868, was about 812,000. The church membership numbers fifty, and the Sunday-school pupils number sixty. Eev. Joseph Beck, until lately, was the pastor.

Elders. — Frederick Bentz and George Getz.

Ee.vcons.— J. Zigler and John Hank.

Trustees.— A. F. Zigler, John Bowman, and John Env.

CHURCHES AND CEMETERIES. 211

INDEPENDENT GERMAN PROTESTANT CHURCHES.

THE GERMAN INDEPENDENT PROTESTANT CHURCH.

Actuated by a desire for religious worship disconnected from their former fellow-worshipers in the Lutheran and Eeformed Ger- man Protestant Churches, a number of G-erman Protestant citizens met at the residence of Henry Waas, February «, 1843, and or- ganized themselves under the name of the German Independent Protestant Church, with the following officers : Louis Hester, president; JST. Maurer and Otto Frankenberg, vice-])residents; Peter Ambos and J. P. Bruck, secretaries ; and Jacob Silber- nagel, treasurer.

Trustees. — Daniel Wendel, Jacob Laurer, Andreas Dippel, David Bauer, Frederick Funke, George M. Unger, and Charles Faber.

Rev. Zeller provisionally assumed the functions of pastor, until the election of Rev. A. L. Begeman.

In April of the same j'ear, a lot was purchased on Mound street, near Third, and the corner-stone for the new church was laid on the 5th of June following, and by December 7th the same year, the church was completed and dedicated.

The present organization : Pastor Rev. Christian Heddaeus ; president, A. Eichenberg ; vice-president, A. Kuchner; secre- tary, E. Homan ; financial secretary, C. Loewer ; treasurer, Franz Fassig.

Trustees — C. Zapp, J. Biederkapp, H. Schmidt, H. Loewer, C. Bachmann, and Philipi Haldy.

The church membership numbers 281, and the Sunday-school pupils number 310.

ST. John's German protestant evangelical church.

The pastors of the German Lutheran St. Paul's and Trinity Churches objecting to persons becoming members of their re- spective congregations who continued to act as members of secret organizations, caused a withdrawal of some twenty-six persons from the two congregations, who held a meeting at the residence of Jacob Bleile, in June, 1872, for the purpose of or- ganizing a new congregation. On July 17, the same year, an-

212 STUDER's COLUiMETS, OHIO.

Other meeting was held at the ohl City Hall. At this meeting the constitution for the new society, to be known as the St. John's German Protestant Evangelical Church, was adopted, and fifty-six signatures obtained to the same. The society has its^services at the United Brethren Church, on East Town street, until their new church building, to cost 815,000, is completed, which is to be erected on a lot on Mound street, between High and Third streets, purchased from Frederick Kuhnheim, at $5,500.

The present membership of the society is 150 ; the Sunday- school numbers 110 pupils. Eev. William Purpus is pastor, and John Burkhardt, superintendent of Sunday-school.

Trustees. — John U. Eichenbacher. president; Andrew Schwarz, secretary; George P. Schroll. treasurer; and John Burkhardt.

ejimanuel's church

Located on South Third street, south of Livingston avenue.

The Emmanuel's Church is a German mission of the German Evangelical Association, organized about the year 1S57, by Eev. John Barnhard. It numbers at present thirty-seven members. The trustees of the church at jiresent are C. Emrich, P. Schnei- der, and J, Euppesberger. There are about seventy-five pupils attending the Sunday-school. Eev. Xoah Schupp is the pastor.

THE UNIVERSALIST SOCIETY.

The first Universalist preaching in Columbus was about the year 1837. The first regular minister of that denomination, who preached in the city, was Eev. A. A. Davis, of Delaware county. His meetings were held in the United States court- house. He continued to preach here a year or twd, assisted occasionally by other preachers. The Eev. Mr. Saddler suc- ceeded him, preaching at the same place, and continuing also a j'car or two.

After an interval of about two years, the Eev. Mr. Abel was engaged, and coiit inued si.\ numths. His successor was the Eev. Mr. Anderson, for about the sanu> tin\e. Eev. Georu'e Hoo-ers then preached here for a short period. The meetings were held, at this time, in a rented mom, in Mr. Butties' buildino- oor-

CHURCHES AND CEMETERIES. 213

ner of High and Friend streets, now occupied by Sinclair & Scott.

Prior to this time, there was no regularlj^ organized society. The " Universalist Society of Columbus," consisting of thirtj'- eight members, was organized in March, 1845, under an act of the legislature to incorporate certain churches therein named. The first board of trustees were John Cireenwood, John Field, James W. Osgood, Demas Adams, and William Bambrough. The Rev. Mr. Eaton preached for the society for a few months. Eev. Nelson Doolittle was then engaged as pastor, his term commencing in October, 1845. The present church edifice was erected in 1846 on a lot on the east side of Third street between Town and Eich streets.

Mr. Doolittle resigned his charge in the fall of 1851, and was succeeded the next spring by Rev. N. M. Gaylord, then of Lowell, Massachusetts. Mr. Gaylord continued till the fall of 1854, and then removed to Boston. During the years 1855 and 1856, Revs. Giftbrd, Upson, and Hawes officiated as pastors. In the fall of the latter year, Eev. H. E. Nye, formerly of Brook- lyn, Kew York, became the pastor of the society, and continued as such till April, 1859. Mr. Nye was succeeded by Eev- Thomas Gorman, whose ministry began in the winter of 1859 and closed in 1861. Mr. Gorman was succeeded by Eev. J. S. Cantwell, who continued till 1865, when he was succeeded by Rev. A. W. Bruce, who resigned in 1868. Subsequently to his resignation the society engaged Rev. Thomas Gorman as a tem- porary supply. In September, 1869, Eev. E. L. Rexford, the present pastor, was called from Cincinnati.

The present officers of the society are : O. F. Evans, president ; A. B. Robinson, secretary ; G. W. Sinks, treasurer.

Trustees. — John Field, Isaac Eberly, E. T. Hancock, B. F. Martin, and Thomas Lough.

The society numbers 160 members, and the number of church members is 115. The number of Sunday-school pupils is 140. A. B. Robinson is the superintendent, assisted by fifteen teachers.

214 STUHER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. Prior to 1866 there was no organization of this denomination ill Cohimljus. In tliat year was organized

THE FIRST UNITED BRETHREN CHURCH.

The church edifice is located on the south side of Town street, between Fourth and Fifth streets. The church property is valued at 815,000.

Eev. W. B. Davis was the first pastor. The present pastor is Rev. James H. Dickson. The trustees are Samuel Hively, John Helpman, and Isaac Winter. It has forty-four members, and a Sunday-school with sixty puijils.

OLIVE BRANCH CHURCH.

This church, located in Neil's addition, near tlie Piqua Rail- road shops, was organized in 1SG7 by Rev. W. B. Davis, after his retirement from the pastorate of the First Church. The present pastor is Rev. "\V. H. Spencer. The trustees are George Davidson, John Nelson, Joseph Fuller, John Henvon, and Wm. B. Davis. It has ninetj- members, and a Sunday-school of one hundred and ten pupils, with Samuel Mateer as superintendent. The church property is valued at 83,500.

MOUNT ZION CHURCH.

This church, located south of Broad street, in the southwestern portion of the citj', was organized in 1870, as a branch of the Olive Branch Church. Its jiresent ]iastor is Rev. James H. Dickson. Trustees— Henry Deardorf W. B. Davis, and W. H. Spencer. The number of members is twenty-six. and of jmpils in the Suuilay-sehool, seventy-rive. The ehureh propertv is estimated to be wcrth 810,600.

(!er:«.vn cuurch.

Thiseluirel\ was iirganizod in 1868. It is loeated mi the south side (if Priend street, east of Seventh. It lias twentv-rive mom- liers, and fifty ]Hi]nls in (he Sunday-school. Tlie (•iuireh itrop- ertv is valued at $1,00(1,

CHURCHES AND CEMETERIES. 215

THE CENTRAL CHRISTIAN CHURCH.

Located on the soutlieast corner of Gay and Third streets.

This churcla liad its origin in prayer-meetings, held by a few persons, in private houses, in October, 1870. On the first of December, 1870, a small room over Samuels' drug store, ]S"o. 115 JSforth High street, was rented for a Sunday-school and prayer-meetings. Occasionally religious services were con- ducted in this room by different preachers.

On the first of April, 1871, a large room was rented in Session's block, on the southeast corner of High and Long streets. Here Eev. R. Moffi-t, of Bedford, Ohio, preached on the first Sunday of April, 1871, and Eev. T. D. Ciarvin, of Cincinnati, on the fol- lowing Sunday. A call was tendered Mr. Garvin to become the pastor of the church, which he accepted, and entered upon the dis- charge of the duties of that office on the third Sunday of April, 1871. He still remains in the same position.

At a meeting held on the evening of April 22, 1871, at which T. Ewing Miller was chairman, and P. D. Prouty, secretary, T. Ewing Miller was elected treasurer of the church, P. D. Prouty, clerk, and Wm. Wallace and P. D. Prouty, deacons. At a sub- sequent meeting, Wm. Williams and Benj. Styles were also chosen deacons.

The church was incorporated March 20, 1871. The following is an extract from the record of incorporation :

"At a meeting of the congregation or church worshiping at the corner of High and Long streets, in their hall in Sessions' block, held March 7, 1872, the pastor, T. D. Garvin, being chairman, P. D. Prouty was elected clerk of the church for the ensuing year, the following resolution was adojjted :

" Resolved, That we incorporate under the name of the Cen- tral Church, known as the Disciples of Christ.

"The following trustees were elected: T. Ewing Miller, for three years ; William Williams, for two years, and James G. Archer, for one year."

About the time of incorporation, a lot was purchased, on the southeast corner of Third and Gay streets, for $5,300. It has a

2](i STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

front of G2J feet on Third street, and a depth of 123 feet on Gay. On the east end of this lot a temporary church building was erected, being a frame, 25 bj- 60 feet. T. Ewing Miller, James G. Archer, and P. D. Prouty were the building committee, and Wm. AVilliams, the builder. The building was opened on the third Sunday of May, 1872, for public worship. It is de- signed as a mere provisional place of worshiji, until a 2>ermaneut brick edifice, worth about 820,000, and capable of seating an audience of six or seven hundred, can be erected. A consider- able portion of the requisite funds for such a structure has been already pledged outside the citj-.

The number of church members enrolled on the ISth of De- cember last, was 105 — an increase of 80 since Mr. Garvin began his ministrations. The Sunday-school had, on the first of De- cember last, 154 enrolled members, and an average attendance of 85. The officers of the school were: Benj. Styles, super- intendent; A. G. Tice, assistant superintendent, and Elmon Spencer, secretary.

THE HEBREW TEMPLE.

A score or more of years have passed since the few Israelites then residing in the city met for worship in a private room. Afterward they met in rented halls. About 1S52. a coni^rega- tion was formed, of which Joseph Gundersheimer was president. S. Lazarus, who had previously filled a similar office in Ger- man}', acted as minister of the congregation, without compensa- tion. Tlie first salaried minister was Eev. Joseph Goodman, who filled the ofiice for several years, and. at an advanced age, is still a resident of tlie city, lie was succeeded in the minis- terial oftice by Eevs. Weil, Goodman, Lippman, Wetterhan, Schoenberg, and Rosenthal.

The use of rented halls was attended with so much incon- venience and such detriment to the congregation, that the fl)rmation of a new congregation ami the building of a temple or synagogue were determined upon. ^Messrs. Xathan and Joseph (Junderslieimer constituted themselves a committee with these objects in view, and other Israelites co-operated. The ]n-esent congregation, undei' the iiameofEue Israel, was formed Ani;-ust

CUQKCHES AND CEMETERIES. 217

12, 1868, with nineteen members. A handsome lot was pur- chased on the nortliwest cornei' of Friend and Tliird streets, upon which the temple stands. Five thousand dollars, the price of the lot, was raised by subscription from members of the con- gregation.

Yery liberal subscriptions for building the temple were obtained at the East and elsewhere, as well as from citizens of Columbus. Early in 1870, a plan for the new temple was accepted by the congregation, and an energetic building com- mittee was appointed, consisting of Messrs. N. and J. Clunder- sheimer and Jacob Goodman. The contract for the building was awarded to jMessrs. Hall & Fornotf.

The corner-stone of the temple was laid with appropriate ceremonies on Sunday afternoon. May 1, 1870 — Masons, Odd Fellows, the Columbus Maennerchor, Hebrew societies, and six or seven thousand citizens participating. The stone was laid with the usual Masonic rites. Eev. Isaac Wise, of Cincinnati, delivered a discourse on "Human Dignity." An anthem by the Maennerchor and a benediction closed the exercises.

The congregation extended a call to the Eev. Dr. J. Wechsler, of Nashville, Tennessee, to become their minister. After some hesitation, and, declining a more lucrative position which had been tendered him at Selma, Alabama, Dr. Wechsler accepted the call, and, on the 20th of August, 1870, entered upon the discharge of his duties as minister of the Columbus congrega- tion Bne Israel. A choir was organized under the direction of Professor C. Schoppelrei, which came in a short time to be re- garded as one of the best in the city.

The temple was dedicated on the 16th of September, 1870. From the late synagogue in Walcutt's Hall, where an address had been delivered by Eev. J. Wechsler, a procession of the congregation and invited participants was formed and proceeded to the closed door of the temple. Here the key was presented by Miss Ada Gundersheimer to the chairman of the building committee, Nathan Gundersheimer. The door was then opened, and the procession entered the temple. The three scrolls of the Law were borne by persons appointed to that office, from the right of the altar down the west aisle of the temple, and

218 STUDBR's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

then back in the cast aisle to the place of starting. Three circuits were made in this manner accompanied by singing and other ceremonies. The scrolls of the Law were then placed in the ark in the rear of the pulpit. Dr. Wechsler then delivered a discourse, followed by an address by Dr. "Wise, of Cincinnati. The rites of the dedication were closed by an invocation read by Dr. Wise, the choir responding seven times with "Amen, Hallelujah."

The Hebrew Temple, erected on the northwest corner of Friend and Third streets, is of the Franco-Italian stj'le of archi- tecture, two stories in height. The entrance at the south end is by three open archways into an open portico, fi-om the center of which admittance is had to the board room, 12 by 18 feet, and the school-room, 18 by 23 feet. The open portico, seven feet wide, extends across the south end of the building. The remainder of this floor is laid off into a conveniently arranged suit of rooms for the residence of the minister. The height of this story is nine feet six inches, the floor being eleVated about nine inches above the street pavement. The principal audience- room, 30 by 37 feet, with a height of 23 feet, occu^^ies the second story. This room is reached by two broad stairways, one at each end of the lower portico, the stairs terminating in a vesti- bule of the size of the portico below it, and covered by a gal- ler3' extending across the south end of the audience-room. Ac- cess to the gallery is had from the vestibule by two pairs of folding doors.

The temple accommodates three hundred worshipers, and is furnished with pews in the ordinary manner. At the north end is a raised platform for the accommodation of the officiating priests, and behind that is the sanctuary — a domed recess within which is the sacred receptacle for the scrolls of the Pentateuch.

The building is surmounted bj' a steep French roof, which, at the southeast and west angles, is carried up to form two towers with dormer windows, and crowned by a wrought-iron balus- trade. The external wall faces are broken by projecting pilas- ters, affording ample room tor the play of light and shade. The loundations are of limestone, and the superstructure of brick with Amherst stone dressings.

CHURCHES AND CEMETERIES. 219

Eev. Dv. J. "VVeclisler is still the minister of the congregation and church worshiping in the temple. The choir maintains its efficiency under the direction of Professor Spohr. The present oflflcers of the congregation are ; Joseph Gundersheimer, presi- dent ; Lewis Kleeman, vice-president ; A. Steinhauser, secretary ; Lewis I. Kahn, treasurer ; Joseph Philipson, warden ; L. Laza- rus, M. Kleeman, and Joseph Kahn, trustees.

There is connected with the congregation a school for religious instruction, in which about sixty children receive, during the week, lessons in religion. Biblical history, and the Hebrew lan- guage, under the superintendence of Dr. Wechsler, who is also president of a benevolent society formed of members of the congregation for the relief of every worthy applicant for charitj^.

CEMETERIES.

OREEN LAWN CEMETERY.

Green Lawn Cemetery Association of Columbus was organized under a general statute, passed in the winter of 1847-48. At a meeting of citizens at the council chamber, on the evening of the 12tli of July, 1848, a committee of eleven was appointed, con- sisting of A. P. Stone, A. F. Perry, Joseph Eidgway, Jr., William B. Thrall, John Walton, John Miller, William Kelsey, William B. Hubbard, Joseph SuUivant, Eobert W. McCoy, and William A. Piatt, charged with the duty of looking for a site and report- ing a plan for the organization of a cemetery association.

At a subsequent meeting of citizens, held on the 2d day of August, 1848, the committee reported articles of association, which were considered, amended, adopted, and signed by a com- petent number to authorize a complete organization.

The iirst meeting for the purpose of effecting such organiza- tion, was held on the 26th of August, 1848 ; when William B. Hubbard, Joseph SuUivant, Aaron F. Perry, Thomas Sparrow, Alfred P. Stone, William B. Thrall, and John W. Andrews were elected to constitute the first board of trustees ; Alex. B. Glenn was chosen clerk. Mr. Hubbard was unanimously chosen president of the board.

At a meeting of the board of trustees, held on the first day of February, 1849, Mr. Andrews tendered his resignation as a

220 studer's columbcs, ohio.

member of the board, and William A. Piatt was unanimously chosen to supply the vacancy.

Purchase of Grounds. — The grounds originally purchased by the association consisted of about eighty -three acres admirably adapted to the purpose intended. They are situated about two miles and a half southwesterly from the state-house. The greater portion of these grounds were at the time of purchase in a primitive condition, and covered with native forest trees. They consisted of two contiguous tracts of land. One, containing about thirtj^-nine acres, was purchased of Judge Gershom M. . Peters for forty dollars an acre ; the other, including about forty - four acres, was bought of William Miner, for fifty dollars an acre. The cost of the whole was about §3,750.

Laying out the Grounds. — In the summer of 1849, under the superintendence of Howard Daniels, architect and civil en- gineer, tasteful and appropriate improvements were planned and partly executed, laying out the grounds in graceful avenues, convenient walks, numerous lots, and occasional reserves for the comfort of visitors and for future improvement and embel- lishment. A neat and convenient cottage was erected near the entrance to the grounds for a dwelling for the resident super- intendent. The first person buried in the cemetery was Leo- nora, daughter of Aaron F. Perry, on the 7th of July, 1849, a few days preceding its formal dedication. The second was Dr. B. F. Gard, on the 12th of the same month.

Dedication. — The dedication services were held in a beautiful grove, near the center of the grounds, on the 9th of July, 1849, in the presence of a large concourse of people. They were opened with an invocation, by Eev. H. L. Hitchcock, of the Second Presbyterian Church. An original hymn, by Benjamin t! Gushing, was then sung. Then followed the presentation of the title papers to Dr. Hoge, for the purpose of dedication, on be- half of the association, accompanied with appropriate remarks, by W. B. Hubbard. The following is the

CHURCHES AND CEMETERIES. 221

DEDICATION ODE. BY BENJAMIN T. CUSHINti, ESQ.

^^ Flow gently, Street Afion."

Sleep softly, ye greenwoods, "with shadowj' boughs ;

Sleep softly ! disturb not yom- solemn repose!

For ye bend in your beauty where shortly will wave

The flower of affection, reared over the grave !

Ye birds, whose clear anthems swell over the lea —

Te insects, whose pipings come gladsome and free ;

Ye winds of young summer, your music must blend

"With the sighs of the mourner who weejjs for his friend !

Ye groves and ye hillocks, how lovely ye lie,

Like a vision of beauty — a dream of the sky —

Yet here must we follow the loved ones away;

And here must our bodies commingle with claj' !

Sleep softlj-, ye greenwoods, with shadowy boughs !

Sleep softly ! disturb not your solemn repose !

For ye bend in your beauty where shortly will wave,

The flower of aflection reared over the grave !

The dedicatory address was delivered by Eev. James Hoge, D. D., of the First Presbyterian Church. It was couched in terse, eloquent, and impressive language. After an original hj^mn, by Mr. Gushing, the concluding prayer was ofi'ered by Eev. Mr. Brooks, of the M. E. Church, and the benediction pro- nounced by Eev. ISTelson Doolittle, of the Universalist Church.

Colored Persons. — In the summer of 1856, the question was mooted as to the propriety of selling lots to colored persons, and thereby admitting them to membership in the association. The trustees caused a circular to be addressed to each member or stockholder, stating the question as to the expediency of setting apart a section of the cemetery grounds for the burial of col- ored persons, and requesting the stockholder to indorse his preference upon the back of the circular, writing over his sig- nature, if favorable to the proposition, the words " in favor," or if unfavorable, the word " opposed," and return it to the office of the trustees by a day named. Of these circulars, three hun- dred and forty were distributed through the post-oflice, and only one hundred and eleven were returned with the proper indorse- ments. Of these, twenty were " in favor," and ninety-one " op-

222 studer's columbds, ohio.

posed." In February, 1872, a section of the grounds was set apart for the use of colored citizens.

Additional Grounds. — On the 1st of April, 1872. the direct- ors purchased of Samuel Stimmel, thirty -t-^vo acres, at §250 per acre, and of John Stimmel, thirty acres, at 8175 per acre, mak- ing the cemetery to consist of about one hundred and forty- seven acres, forming nearly a square of ground of a gently un- dulating surface. It is laid out in handsome walks and drives, and ornamented with evergreens, shrubbery, and flowers, with many beautiful monuments and other memorials of departed friends, making it the finest cemetery in Central Ohio.

The officers of the association from its organization to the present time are as follows :

Trustees.— William B. Hubbard, 1848-49; Joseph Sullivant, 1848-53, 1855-59 ; Aaron F. Perry, 1848-19, 1853-55 ; Thomas Sparrow, 1848-65, 1866-71 ; Alfred P. Stone, 1848-55 ; William B. Thrall, 1848-50; John W. Andrews, 1848-49; William A. Piatt, 1849-74; A. C. Brown, 1850-52; William G. Deshler, 1850-53, 1859-72; Lucien Buttles, 1850-52; H. X. Hubbell, 1852-57; William T. Martin, 1852-66; Eobert Hume, 1854-64; John Greenleaf 1855-74 ; William E. Ide. 1857-64, 1865-67 ; James M. Westwater, 1864-68; Oliver P. Hines, 1864-66, 1868-72 ; C. P. L. Butler, 1866-68 ; James S. Abbott, 1867-74 ;' William McDonald, 1868-72.

Presidents.— William B. Hubbard. 1848-49 ; William B. Thrall, 1849-50 ; Joseph Sullivant, 1850-53, 1855-56 ; Aaron F. Perry, 1854-55 ; William A. Piatt, 1856-68; Thomas Sparrow, 1868-71 ; John Bartlit, 1872-74.

Secretaries.— Alexander E. Glenn, 1848-50 ; Howard Dan- iels, 1850 ; William T. Martin, 1850-6G ; Joseph Dowdall, 1S66-73.

Treasurers.— Herman M. Hubbard, 1848-50 ; William A. Piatt, 1850; William G. Deshler, 1850-52. 1864-72; Thomas SiMUTOw, 1852-64; O. P. Hines, 1873.

Superintendents.— Eichard Woolley, 1S4S-59 ; Evan Biddle, 1859-68; Adam Stephens, 1868-73.

CHURCHES AND CEMETERIES. 223

CALVARY CEMETERY (CATHOLIC).

Located on the Harrisbiirg turnpike, about half a mile bej^ond the limits of the eity. Area, 27 acres. Purchased, in 1865, by the Catholics of Columbus for $3,000. Size of lots, 16 by 20 feet. Anton Witzigman, sexton, residing on the premises.

A year after the cemetery grounds had been purchased by the joint action of the Catholics of Columbus, the Germans of the Holy Cross Chiirch paid the English Catholics three hundred dollars for the choice between the two halves of the tract, and took the north half. Cornelius Lang is secretary, and Henry Theado, treasurer of the German cemetery organization; and Patrick Egan is secretary and treasurer of the English.

Eev. John W. Brumer was the first Catholic priest whose re- mains were buried in the portion of the grounds set apart as a burial place for the Catholic clergy.

The surface of the cemetery tract is gently rolling, gradually inclining to the east and west. It has been laid out in lots, and most of them have been sold. There have been already erected in the cemetery some plain but very neat marble monuments.

It is true that, considering the time which has elapsed since the cemetery was purchased, very few improvements have been made. It is expected that it will soon be inclosed by a neat and substantial fence, and otherwise improved and ornamented. When these improvements are completed, the ground will be consecrated.

THE HEBREW CEMETERY.

Some twenty years ago, the few Israelites then in the city, who were organized as a congregation for public worship, pur- chased a half-acre lot, to be used as a cemetery, in the eastern part of the city. It is still in use as a cemetery, but as a eity or- dinance prohibits interments within the limits of the corpora- tion, another site will doubtless soon be selected by our Hebrew residents for a burying-place.

224 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

THE NORTH GRAVE-YARD.

One aero and a half of the tract of land, afterward known as the "North Grave-yard," was donated by the original pro- prietors of Columbus, July 2, 1813, for a burial ground. John Kerr, one of the proprietors, was authorized to execute the deed of conveyance. That was not done until April 21, 1821, though the lot had been used as a burial place from the time the grant was made. Kerr's deed conveyed to the '■ Mayor and Council of the Borough of Columbus and their successors in office," the acre and a half of land to be used solely as a public burial ground. In February, 1830, William Doherty conveyed to the borough of Columbus, in fee simple, about eight and one-half acres, partly surrounding and south and east of the original acre and a half This purchase was made for the enlargement of the burjing-ground. John Brickell also, in IS-tS, added, on the north side of the ground as it was then bounded, a strip of twenty feet in width, which he laid out into seventeen lots, reserving five to himself, and made conveyances direct to the purchasers, giving the city no control whatever over the premises.

These three parcels of land, embracing about ten and a half acres, and surrounded by a board fence, constituted the tract known as the "North Grave-yard." It was. with the exception of the Brickell lots, under the control of the borough or city council, by whom a superintendent was appointed to take care of the grounds and make sale of lots. A portion of the ground was set apart for burial free of charge for the ground used. Another portion was set otf for the sale of lots to colored per- sons. It was for many years the principal burving-ground of the city.

The "Xorth Grave-yard" was situated on the west side of High street, about one-eighth of a mile north of the railroad de- ]iot. As the city was exjianding around, and even beyond it. the council, by ordinance, passed July 21, lS5G,made it a penal otlense to bury in that grave-yard. The ordinance was not to take etfect till the 1st of November ensuing, and such was the popular clamor against it that it was repealed before that day arrived.

CHURCHES AND CEMETERIES. 225

On the Both of Maj-, 1864, the council passed a second prohib- itoiy ordinance. But for several j'cars before this, no inter- ments had been made in the yard, nor have any been made there since. About the time of the passage of this ordinance, the grounds were fenced in by direction of the superintendent ap- pointed by the council to take care of the premises and preserve them from desecration.

The Columbus, Springfield and Cincinnati, or Short Line Eailroad Company, obtained in the Probate Court, January, 1871, the condemnation or appropriation for railroad purposes of a tract one hundred feet in width, off the south end of the graveyard, containing about one acre and one-third. Soon afterward, the railroad commenced preparing the appropriated portion for their use. The bodies buried there were removed and interred in Green Lawn Cemetery, or delivered to surviving friends and relatives.

THE OLD CATHOLIC BURYING-GROUND.

The lot or tract generally known by this name contains three acres and a quarter. It is located in the northeast part of the city, north of ISTaghten street, and east of Ninth street or Wash- ington avenue. It was conveyed, September 11,1848, by Peter Urj^, to Archbishop Purcjell, to be held in trust as aburying- ground for the use of the Catholics of Columbus. The tract had, however, been used for that purpose for two or three years before this conveyance was made.

The city council, by ordinance, in July, 1856, prohibited fur- ther burial in any grave-yard within the corjjorate limits of the city, as well as in the inclosure commonly known as the N'orth trrave-j^ard. This ordinance, of course, prohibited interments in the Catholic burying-ground, as it was within the city limits ; but before the day came fixed for its taking effect, the ordinance was repealed. Burials continued to be made in* the ground until within a few years past, when a new tract of land was set apart for a Catholic cemetery.

226 studer's colUxMBus. ohio.

THE EAST GRAYE-YARB.

The tract of land known bj- this name is located on Livings- ton avenue, about a mile and a half east of the court-house. It contains eleven acres and a quarter, and was conveyed to the city of Columbus, in 1839, by Matthew King, in fee simple, with- out conditions or restrictions. It was purchased expressly for a cemetery, and a j^ortion of it was laid out in lots, and sold and conveyed by the city to purchasers. About one-third of it was never laid off into lots, on account of its being low, swampy, and wet. The other part was formerly used as a public bury- ing-place, principally by Germans, but of late years only for the burial of the very poor, the friendless, and p)ublie paupers. But it is totally unfit for this, or any use as a cemetery. It is so wet that water frequently more than half fills the newly made graves. It is in a miserably-dilapidated condition ; the fences once inclosing it are decayed or broken down, and the general wretched appearance of the tract is a disgrace to the city. The remains of the buried should be removed, and the place cease to be used as a cemetery at all. It has greatly retarded the gro-\vth of the city in that direction. The best use that could be made of it would be to convert it into a public park, in connection with the beautiful grove in the rear of it — the only strove of native forest trees remaining in the eastern portion of the citv.

CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.

CHAPTER XI.

CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. COLUMBUS FEMALE BENEVOLENT SOCIETV.

This society was orgainzed Jamiaiy 5, 1835, at the old Town Street Methodist Episcopal Church. 3Irs. John Patterson drew up a constitution, which was presented to the first meeting, and adopted. The number of members was one hundred and seven. The first officers of the society were : Mrs. James Hoge, pres- ident; Mrs. E. "W. Sehon. vice-president ; Mrs.XoahH. Swaj-ne, treasurer; Miss M. Kelly (now Mrs. Judge Bates), secretary. The board of managers consisted of the following ladies ; Mrs. Wm. M. Awl, Mrs. Demas Adams, Mrs. Ealph Osborn, Mrs. Moses JcAvett. Mrs. Samuel Crosby, jMi-s. John Bailhache, Mrs. Benj. Blake, Mrs. Joseph Eidgwaj-, Mi-s. D. Woodbury, Mrs. A. Yanhorn.

The first business meeting was held at the house of Mrs. Demas Adams, at which visiting committees were appointed, apportioning the following ladies to each of the three wards, into which the city was then divided ;

Xorth Ward — Mrs. George B. Harvey, Mrs. Eobert Eiordan, Mrs. Joseph Eidgway, Jr., Mrs. General Sterritt, Mrs. J. B. Crist, and Mrs. Sarah Gill.

Middle Ward— Mrs. Demas Adams, Mrs. Wm. T.Martin, Mrs. Benjamin Blake, Mrs. J. M. Espy, Mrs. Moses Jewett, and Mrs. Ij. Eeynolds.

South Ward— Mrs. James Cherry, Mrs. John McElvaine, Mrs. John Patterson, Mrs. A. Yanhorn, Mrs. McCarty, and Mrs. D. Woodbury.

A purchasing committee, consisting of Mrs. John Patterson and Mrs. N. H. Swayne, was appointed, '■ to buy cloth to be made into such articles as may be necessarj'." Purchases hav- ing been made, the ladies prepared a considerable number of articles, which were forthwith distributed among the poor of

228 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

the city, whose necessities, at that time of the year, were manj' and urgent.

The object of the society was to devise and carry out a sys- tematic jjlan for tlie temj^orarj' relief of the j^oor. The constitu- tion provided that tlie relief should be so administered as to encourage industry and independent exertion for support. " The sick, the old and infirm, widows, and verj' young and destitute children were to be the first objects of attention."

Accordinglj", on the 6th of April, 1836, the society formed a subordinate or auxiliary society '' to educate the children of the poor." That portion of the work was taken in charge by the following ladies: Mrs. A. P. Stone, Jlrs. Isaac Dalton, Mrs. Wm. Preston, Mrs. J. B. Crist, Mrs. Dr. Lathrop, Mrs. Xoah H. Swayne, Mrs. Isban G. Dryer, Mrs. James Cherry.

On the 14th of April, 1837, Alfred Kelley donated to the so- ciety a lot of ground as a site for a school-house. During the same year, Messrs. D. T. Woodbury, Joseph Eidgway, Jr., and P. B. Wilcox were constituted an advisory board. These were the only gentlemen ever connected with the societj*. A small school-house was erected on the lot on Fourth street, donated by Mr. Kelley, and a free-school was opened and continued there for eight or nine years, or until the free-school system, under the State law, went into operation in the city. The lot and building were afterward sold for 8500. and the money i)laced at interest for the benefit of the society.

The society was incorporated by an act of the legislature, passed March 5, 183S, to be tbund in the 36th volume of Ohio Laws, page 185. The act provides -that Mary P. Cressy, Maria M. Espy, Sarah Asberry, i\Iaria S. Preston, Mary S." Kelley, Caroline Dryer, Keziah Stone, and their associates, being fe- males, who now are, or may hereafter, agreeable to the consti- tution and by-laws of the Columbus Female Benevolent Society, become members, are declared a body corporate, with perpetual succession, for the purjiose of ministering to the wants and alle- viating the distress of the poor and atHicted of their own sex, and also affording moral, i)hysical, and intellectual instruction and improvement to orphans and other poor children." It was

CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 229

farther provided that the amount of property to be held by the society should not exceed in value tifty thousand dollars.

Prior to 1857, the following ladies successively filled the office of president of the society: Mrs. Dr. Hoge, Mrs. General Pat- terson, Mrs. Isaac Dalton, Mrs. T. E. Cressy, Mrs. Wm. Preston, Mrs. J. G-. Dryer, Mrs. A. D. Lord, Mrs. J. L. Bates.

Miss Mary E. Stewart, afterward Mrs. Joseph Geiger, dis- charged the duties of secretary and treasurer for eleven years. The officers of the society for 1872, were: Mrs. William Denni- son, president; Mrs. W. E. Ide, vice-president; Mrs. Alexander Houston, treasurer, and Mrs. Walter Mahoney, secretary.

The city was divided into seventeen districts, to each of which two ladies were assigned as district visitors.

The fee for membership is one dollar per year. Twenty-five dollars paid at one time constitutes a life member. Of these there are three — Mrs. John IST. Champion, who became such in 1855, and Misses- Kate and Mary E. Deshler, daughters of W. G. Deshler, who became life members in 1870.

The constitution provides for a permanent fund, the income of which only shall be annually expended. This fund at pres- ent amounts to twelve or thirteen thousand dollars. It has been principally derived from a bequest to the society by the late Dr. Lincoln Goodale, amounting to fifteen or sixteen thousand dol- lars, about half of which has been paid over.

The society expends for charitable purposes about two thousand dollars annually. This is derived from interest on permanent fund, annual subscriptions, annual fees for membership, dona- tions, etc. The following statement of the sources of income for 1871 has been furnished us :

Annual subscriptions ^726 00

Interest on bonds "^"^"^ 91

Annual membershij) fees 101 00

Donations IJ^ 00

Two life membership fees "'0 00

Total ^1.796 91

230 STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

THE IXDrSTKIAL SCHOOL.

The charitaLle institution known as tlie Industrial School is said to have been suggested by a lecture delivered in the city in the sjn-ing of 18.58. by Charles Eeemelin. of Cincinnati, vrho de- scribed similar charities existing in Europe. Be this as it may, it seems that about that time an association of ladies "was Ibrmed, called the Industrial School Association, of Ts-hieh the first otficers -wei'e : Mrs. Hannah Xeil, president ; Miss Matilda Gwyune, secretary, and Miss Ann fiobinson. teacher.

The school was opened in the City Hall, over the market- house, with only eight pupils. By the close of the year the number had increased to fifty.

The Industrial School Association was incorporated June 30, 1866, under a general law of the State. The record of incor- poration states that at a meeting of the association held on the 8th of May, 1866, it was resolved to change its name to that of the Industrial Mission School Association ; and that, at the same meeting, I. C. Aston, F. C. Sessions, George Gere, J. J. Person, and B. L. Taylor were elected trustees, and Miss L. Peters, clerk.

The association having, in connection with the school, es- tablished a Home of the Friendless, again had their name changed, by a decree of the Court of Common Pleas, entered November 16, 1868, to that of the Hannah Xeil Mission and Home of the Friendless. The managers of this mission finding it quite impracticable to do full justice to the two charities, transfei-red the Industrial School, in Xovember, 1870. to the Columbus InMievolent Society, under whoso fostering' care it has since flourished.

The work of the Industrial School consists chieflv in collect- ing poor cliildren once a week — Saturday afternoons — tor the purpose (if giving them instruction and relief. Ijittle "iris are taught ]ihiin sewing and knilting. and instructed in morals and manners. The instruetions are given by voluntary teachers, aecompanied witli tem]iorary relict" — a pair of shoes, a dress, hat, or other needed articU's of clothing. Thov seldom fail to

CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 231

make good and lasting impressions ujjon the minds and hearts of the children.

The officers of the school are : Mrs. W. E. Ide, superintend- ent ; Jane P. Houston, treasurer, and Josephine Klippart, secre- tary.

The school -svhich opened in October, 1871, with 114 pupils and 19 teachers, had increased in January, 1872, to 190 pupils and 31 teachers. In April following, the number of jjupils was 150, with 13 teachers.

There has grown out of the Industrial School a Sunday mis- sion school, organized on West Friend street, in 1868, by Mrs. T. J. Harris and Miss Kate Hunter. It meets on Sundaj^ after- noons, at two o'clock, in the City Hall, over the market-house. The number of pupils is 175. The superintendents are Messrs. J. E. Doty and Ed. M. Thompson.

THE HANNAH NEIL MISSION AND HOIIE OF THE FRIENDLESS.

Some four or five years after its organization, the Industrial School Association, of which Mrs. Hannah ISTeil was the first president, established, in connection with its school, a Home of the Friendless. This latter institution was eventually called the Hannah Neil Mission, in honor of one who was most efficient in its establishment ; whose life was devoted to works of charity, and whose memory is embalmed in the hearts of the poor and afflicted.

In November, 1868, the name of the Industrial School Asso- ciation was, by a decree of the Court of Common Pleas, changed to that of the Hannah Neil Mission and Home of the Friend- less, its general purpose being to provide an asylum for help- less and destitute women and children of all ages. Under its present name and organization, it properly dates from the 1st of April, 1868, when the home or asylum was opened in the Sol- diers' Home buildings, near the Union Depot. On the 15th of December, 1869, it was removed to its present location, nearly opposite the Institution for the Education of the Blind. The building, or rather the aggregate of buildings it now occupies, formerly used as the State Asylum for Idiotic and Imbecile Youth, is situated on a handsome lot of three and a quarter

232 STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

acres. The lot and building are the property of the Mission, and are estimated to he worth 830,000. The personal property of the Mission i.s estimated at S2,500.

The officers of the institution, for 1873, are : Mrs. M. B. Tay- lor, president ; Mrs. I. C. Aston, vice-president ; Miss L. A. Peters, recording secretary ; Mrs. William Ewing, correspond- ing secretary, and Mr. William Ferson, treasurer. The board of trustees is composed of the following gentlemen : Messrs. John r. Bartlit, E. L. Taylor, Isaac C. Aston, Eobert E. Neil, and Yeatman Anderson. The following ladies constitute the board of managers : Mrs. J. E. Bartlit, J. X. Champion, W. An- drews, Joseph H. Geiger, E. E. jSTeil, William Monypeny, Ann Eobinson, C. Hunter, A. Gardner, E. T. Mithoflf, W. A. Her- shiser, Theo. Comstock, Dr. Loving, W. B. Brooks, Ed. Jones, C. P. L. Butler, Charles Hayden, J. Gill Blain, Elliott Jones, S. Baird, W. C. Quincy, Amos Eberly, Mis. Haukins, and Miss Kate Jones.

From its organization, Ajoril 1, 1868, to July, 1871. the mis- sion had provided for about five hundred homeless women and children. During the year ending at the latter date, there had been 167 difiPerent inmates in the institution, the average num- ber having been 75, and the average cost per inmaterfor the 3'ear, «!63.50. The average number of inmates, during 1872, Avas about 100, of whom 25 were women and 75 children.

THE woman's home.

This is a charitable institution, provided for destitute fallen girls and women, who have neither property, friends, nor homes. They are received on promise of reformation, and in case they remain at the Home until confidence can be placed in their reformation, they are placed in positions and furnished with employments that will insure them a comfortable support.

The Woman's Home of Columbus owes its orio-in and con- tinued existence to the Woman's Christian Association, or.-an- ized in the winter of 1869-70, and composed of ladies from nearly all the Protestant churches of the city. Its first president was iMrs. Judge J. L. Bates. It otttcers, at the close of the last year, were : Mrs. J. Eudisell, president; Mrs. Judsj-e Bales first

CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 233

vice-ijresident ; Mrs. Luther Williams, secretary; Mrs. Dr. Wormlej, treasurer. There are also twelve managers. The foregoing list contains the names of all the officers furnished us on application at the Home.

The Home was opened on the 15th of April, 1870, under the superintendence of Mrs. L. Y. Desellem, as matron, who still holds that position. Mrs. D. was formerly matron at the Ohio Penitentiaiy, for a period of seven or eight years. The Home is at present located at No. 171 East Eich street, in a brick house leased by the Woman's Christian Association. It is) sus- tained by the annual subscriptions of the members of the asso- ciation, and by donations. There are now seven inmates in the institution, two of whom are children born there.

Since the opening of the Home, forty-six unfortunate women have been received within its walls, some of whom, one-fourth at least, it is believed, have been thoroughly restored. It bids fair to become an institution for permanent good in our commu- nity, and as such should receive aid and encouragement.

THE HARE CHARITY FUND.

Jacob Hare, a native of Pennsylvania, came to Columbus in 1812. He was present at the first sale of lots in the summer of that year, and bought a lot on High street, which he never suf- fered to pass out of his hands. He was a plain, rough, pioneer woodsman. His investments turned out well, and by these and the increased value of his real estate, it was supposed, at the time of his death, that he was worth fifty thousand dollars. He died in this city, on the 3d of l^ovember, 1860, in the eightieth year of his age.

Mr."Hare left eight or nine children, generally in moderate circumstances, but to these he made no bequest in his will. To his widow he bequeathed all his household goods and furniture, and two hundred dollars a year for the first five years after his decease, if she should remain unmarried ; and then, in that case, the allowance was to be increased to two hundred and fifty dol- lars a year, during the remainder of her life, provided she should remain unmarried. All the balance of his estate, after the set- tlement thereof, and the allowance to the widow, both real and

234 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

personal, was devised to the city of Columbus, to form a charity fund for the benefit of the jtoov and unfortunate of the city. This fund was to be forever under the control and management of the city council, who were not to diminish it below the orig- inal amount. They were required, at such time as the state of- the fund would justify it, to erect a suitable building or edifice, to be named the Orphans' Home or Beneficial Asylum, to be used for the benefit of the fund, and the institution co}itemplated in and by the will.

Mr. Hare appointed William T. Martin executor of his will, and in case of Mr. Martin's decease before the testator, he nom- inated James Cherry, executor.

On the 15th of April, 1861, Mr. Donaldson presented to the city council a copj' of Mr. Hare's will, which was referred to a standing committee to be called the Hare Charitj- Fund Com- mittee, consisting of Messrs. Stauring, "Wilson, and Comstock.

" HARE orphans' HOJIE, COLUJibuS.

The following are the chief points of intereiit in the report of the board of directors or trustees— James Patterson, E. Chad- wick, Christ. Kammerer— of the Hare Orphans' Home, for the municipal year ending April 13, 1808. The statements are given in the language of the Board :

"The board report that they found the house donated by the Orphans' Home of Columbus to be in a very dilapidated condi- tion. It was absolutely necessary to make extensive repairs to preserve the house. The directors o)-dered the house put in com- plete repair. It was found necessary to put on a new roof to keep the house from injury.

" There has been at the Home, on an averao-e, twentv children during the year. The actual cost of provisions is aboiit five dolhirs a month to each child. Includino- olothino-, salary of matron, necessary help, and phvsieian's salarv, the cost has been about nine dollars ]ier month for each child. There are hut eleven children in flu' Il.mie at the ]iresent time that were in- dentured into the Homo by the probate indce. accordino- to an ordinance ]iassed by the cilv council, Januarv 28, 1867 estab- lishing the Hare Orjihans' Home.

"AV hen the directors came to indenture the children thev loniid a number of children in the Home whose parents" were not willing to give them in charo-e of the directors. Thev were

CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 235

informed that they must either give the children in charge of the directors or take them away from the Home. The children were all taken away but eleven.

"On account of the imj^erfeot manner the matron (Mrs. Mary E. Parsons) kej)t the record of the children, it is impossible to make up such a report as the directors would like. They found that it was for the interest of the Home, that the matron be dis- charged, which was done January 30, 1868. On February 8th, Mrs. Mary Ann Lonuis was unanimously appointed matron, at a salary of twenty -five dollars a month. The directors hope they will have no more ti-ouble in having the record jjroperly kept hereafter. The directors became fully satisfied that it was absolutely necessary to have a committee of ladies of this city appointed for the purpose of looking after the internal arrange- ments, of the Home — see that the matron does her duty, and make suggestions to the board, which would assist them in the discharge of their duties. Thc}^ accordingly, on the 30th of Jan- uary, unanimously appointed the following named committee: Mrs. John Miller, Mrs. William Fell, Mrs. "Isaac C. Aston, Mrs. Theodore Comstock, Mrs. >S. A. Champion, and Miss Ann Eob- inson. The directors take great pleasure in saying that they have found the above-mentioned committee of great service to them and interest to the Home. The ladies have assisted with a will, and therefore made the duties of the directors leas onerous.

"Dr. 0. C. White has been phj^sician to the Home for the last year, at a salary of one hundred dollars a year. He visits the Home daily."

The trustees of the Home— William Wall. L. Donaldson, M. Frankel, I. S. Beekey — in their report, April 8, 1869, state that there had been at the Home an average of thirteen children durino- the year. • Mrs. Lonnis was continued as matron at the same salary, with two assistants at a salary each of twelve dollars per month. The ti'ustees had found it necessary for the interest of the Home to discharge the physician, Dr. C. C. White, which- was done on the 16th of January, 1869, and Dr. H. 0. Helmick appointed in his place.

The directors of the Home— L. English, George Beck, J. J. Janney — in their report, dated April 17, 1872, state that there had been received into the Home, during the year ending March 1, 1872, three children, making fourteen that had been in the i nstitution during the year. Only nine children were in the Home

'2'M STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

at the date of the report. No other information is furnished in this report, except a statement of receipts and expenditures for the year ending March 31, 1872, by which it appears that the receipts amounted to ^2,007.50, and the expenditures to 32,059.33. Tlie only other official information we have been able to obtain respecting the history and condition of the Orphans' Home is embodied in the following report for the year 1871, made to the Board of State Charities, by its secretary, Eev. A. G. Byers :

'■ This institution does not appear in the tabulated list. The circular addressed to it, in common with other institutions, was not returned. This fact, and the further reason that it is, y>os- sibly, more a public charity than a private one, might justify its omission from a place among the organized orphanages of the State. Other reasons would render this omission agreeable to the secretary, but as there are stronger reasons why'its con- dition and management should be made known, questions of delicacy, or of propriety, even, may be waived.

" Of course, in the absence of any official report of the history or present status of the Hare Orphans' Home, only such in- formation can be furnished as has been gathered from personal observation, or the statements of those directly related to, and of course, familiar with the Home.

" This institution is founded upon the legacy of an old citizen who, in his will, devised that his propertv" should go to the en- dowment of an ' Orphans' Home ' for ■ Orphan Chiklren of the city of Columbus.' Some eighty thousand dollars was the original amount of the bequest. This s\im was subsequently, by a com- promise, divided with the heirs of Mr. Hare, leaving", as Mr. Chadwick (now chairman of the committee of council on the Home) informs me, only about thirty-five thousand dollars, the interest only of Avhich could be used for the maintenance of the Home. This sum was, however, supplemented a few years since by the surrender, upon the part of the Ladies' Benevolent So- ciety of Columbus, of their Home— including the building ]iow occupied and other property, aggregating an'amount equaL pos- sibly, to eight thousand dollars ;" the citv council, from the date of this transfer, assuming the entire control of the institution That both parties to this contract— ladies and city council- thought this action, at the time, a prudent, if not actnallv a necessary one, (here can be no question, but that for the beneri- cun-ies of the lU)me it was most unfortunate, evoi-v fact in its subsequent history seems to affirm.

" Of (.-ourse, it would serve no good purpose of your honorable

CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 237

board — to reiterate stories of indecency, and wrong, wliicli, thougli now only traditional, are sad facts in the history of this well-devised but certainly badly managed charity. That it has been badly managed, is as palpable now as that its present con- dition is one of pitiable neglect.

" The building is one of a large block, situated on Town street, between High and Front streets (the very center of business in Columbus) tamiliarly known as the ' eight buildings.' Sooth- ing coidd be more ineligible than this building, both as regards its location and construction. It is four stories high, and con- tains but ten rooms. From basement to roof, it is out of repair. The entire southern exposure of the roof leaks ; as a conse- quence of this, the plastering in this part of the upper story has either fallen off, or is ready to fall. One portion, already off, fell at night upon sleeping children, fortunately without serious injury to the sleepers, and unfortunately without awaking the jaroper authorities to a sense of duty in preventing the liability to further injury of the house or its inmates. The floors, too, are sadly out of joint. The furniture is as rickety as the house — almost every appearance of comfort is, so the matron informed us, maintained by the presence of her own furniture. The yard (a small one to the rear of the building), that part of the prem- ises so important to the health and comfort of the children, is in perfect keeping with other parts of the establishment — the fences are broken down, the outbuildings are stripped of weather -boarding, and the yard is covered with dust and ashes. Kot a green thing, nor anything having an appearance of com- fort, is to be seen anywhere about the institation, save that there were evidences of kindness and real maternal sympathy upon the part of the matron, toward the unfortunate children.

" There were ten of these, some at the public schools, others at play in the filthy yard. Of these children, the saddest part remains to be told. Mr. Chadwick informed me, that during the entire spring and summer, not to exceed ten dollars had been expended for vegetables out of the fund appropriated for the maintenance of the Home, and that probably nothing but the personal expenditures and care of Mrs. Lonnis, the matron, had averted scurvy from the children.

" This lady, who had for the past three years struggled with such difficulties, was, at the time of my visit, about to retire, helpless, and as she expressed it, "hopeless," of any bettor con- dition until an entire change could be effected in the mode of its administration.

" One of the children, a boy of twelve years of age, was a soldier's orphan, and the matron had sought long, but in vain through the committee to have him transferred to the State

238 STUDEIl'S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

institution for such children. Attention of the authorities at the Soldiers Orphans' Home has been called to this boy.

" The secretary can not well forbear, in view of the foregoing statements, to suggest, if it could be done in accordance with the jjrovisions of Mr. Hare's will, that this charity should be transferred to the care of the Ladies' Benevolent Society, or some other jjrivate charitable organization in the city of Colum- bus, or that in some way, the orphan children of Columbus, should be secured in their rights under the generous provisions contemplated by their benefactor."

The following trustees of the Home were elected May 12, 1872 : E. 0. Hull, for one year, and Messrs. Theodore Conistock and John G. Mitchell, for two years ; Lorenzo English holdi ng (.>ver.

THE SAINT FRANCIS HOSPITAL .

Location, southeast corner of State and Fifth streets.

This hospital occupies the greater part of the building here- tofore usually known as the Starling Medical College. It is sit- uated in a portion of the city priucijrially inhabited by the more prosperous class of its people.

The Society of the Sisters of the Poor of St. Francis was first founded in 1840, by Mother Frances Shevier, in Aachen, Ger- many, Prussia on the Eein.

The sisters first established a hospital in this city, in January, 1862, on Eich street, between Fifth and Sixth streets, nearly opposite Holy Cross Church. The building occupied here not aftbrding suificient accommodations to meet the demands of the sick and infirm, three lots on Friend street were purchased in 186 1, as the site for a new hosjiital. These lots were afterward sold, and the sisters moved to their present location, on the ITth of February, 1865, having leased about two-thirds of Starling Medical College building for ninety-nine years, for the sum of ten thousaud dollars.

Many improvemeiUs were needed anil had to be made to render (he building suitable for a hospital. It was a season of trial for tlie uolile and kind-hearted sisterhood. They were )ioor and neeiU'd iu'lp. It eanie at last in the shape of tlie ].n'oceeds of fairs held for their benefit, under the auspices of the Catholic cliurelies of the city, assisted by citizens not menibei'S of anv

240 STUDEr's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

THE HOUSE OP THE GOOD SHEPHERD, FOR PENITENT FEMALES.

Located on West Broad, corner of Washington street. Spir- itual directors — Bishop Sylvester H. Eosecrans, Very Rev. Yicar General J. B. Henisteger, Mother Superior Sister Gertrude.

Object. This is twofold; 1st. The reformation of penitent women and girls of all ages. 2d. The preservation of female children, by giving them a plain, useful education, and teaching them all kinds of needle-work. Penitents come and go as they like, no compulsion being used to retain them. As a general thing, they do not desire to leave ; but should they do so and fall again, they are again received into the institution.

The order from which the above house derives its name was established in 1651, in the city of Caen (Iformandy). in France, l\y the Eev. John Endes, receiving the confirmations of Popes Alexander YII, in 1666, and Benedict XIY, in 1741. In the year 1835, new life and vigor was given the order, by Madame Pelletier, superioress at Angers, in France, who. before her death in 1868, had established no less than one hundred and ten houses, in all parts of the world, in charge of the sisters of the order.

The happiest results have been produced in Europe by permit- ting female convicts to spend the last six months of their impris- onment with the sisters, who do their utmost to rescue the unfor- tunate and instill into their minds the love of virtue and morality.

As their name very properly indicates, like the Divine Master, thej' seek after the lost sheep, bestowing all their attention, and spending all their time in good works, looking to their amelior- ation and restoration to society.

The House of the Good Shepherd, in this city, was opened on Spring street, east of High, in May, 1S55, in a rented dwelling, remaining there some nine months. The same may be said of this, as of all other good works, that the institution in the start had its trials and ditficulties. The small size of its abode checked its growth to a considerable extent, and compelled its inmates to submit to much inconvenience. The good sisters at first being but little known, people did not appreciate all their usefulness, and they received little encouragement. In 1S56, tl>e want of more room compelled the change to the present advantageous

CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 241

location, where their facilities are much greater, but still not BufSeient for the demands made by penitents, who flock thither from the prisons in our city, from our county infirmary, from our streets, and other places, to find shelter under the benign wing of the Good Shepherd.

The rapid progress of the institution is shown by the follow- ing figures: There are at present in the house 39 penitents, and 48 children, making 87 inmates. There are 17 sisters who man- age the house, 3 novices, and 1 mother superior, making in all an aggregate of 108 persons in the institution. The inmates are all engaged in some kind of useful employment; such as em- broidery, sewing, laundiy, and ironing, while others are engaged at the sewing machines. Very fine and good needle-work of all kinds is done in the best style. The inmates, by close applica- tion to their work, under the direction of the sisters, become expert seamstresses and embroiders, thus enabling them to sup- port themselves when they return to the world. All are subject to strict rules of discipline, which must be complied with. All manual labor is gone through with in silence and in order. The time, aside from that allowed for rest, meals, and recreation, is devoted to some useful purpose calculated to promote virtue, in- dustry, and the purit}^ of the soul. All work, from the mother superior to the least of the inmates, according as their strength will permit, toward the support of the institution. The aim of the sisters is to make new beings of their charge, and they are fully aware of the fact that souls can not be rescued from bad to good, unless they do themselves what they require others to do. To inspire the inmates with the love of labor and the practice of moral virtues, the sisters themselves bear the greater part of the work done.

The good example shown, and the good treatment the inmates receive at the hands of the sisters, produce such an impression that they naturally feel inclined to perform all they are requested to do. On first entering the house, many feel indisposed to work ; but with very little persuasion, their reluctance vanishes, and they soon become satisfied that everything required of them is for their own good. There are at the house of the Good Shep- herd no iron doors or armed guards, nor are any severe punish-

242 STUDER S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

ments iuflieted for violations of the rules. Notwithstanding this, but few attempts to escai^e have been made.

The inmates know that the sisters have stronger claims upon them than could be obtained by force or violence. State prisons verv often bind the soul as well as the body of the prisoner ; but the sisters hold their "prisoners'' with the strong claims of moral suasion, love, and affection. They do all in their power to make their charges happy, and many feel so much at home there that they desire to be nowhere else. Truly, may it be called, " Home for the fallen to save the falling."

The institution is commended to the attention and good-will of the public. Orders for any kind of needle-work, sent to the superior. Sister Gertrude, will receive prompt attention.

It is by the labor of the sisters and the inmates, that the house is supported, the receipts from other som-ces being very small.

CHAPTEE XII.

THE PRESS — EDUCATIONAL, LITERARY, AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS.

From the time the first jjrinting-press was put in operation in Columbus, the citj^ and county have been abundantly supplied with newspapers of home production. "We have at present a goodly number. Some of them date back many years, while others are of recent origin. A multitude that once flourished and entertained the town and country have ceased to exist. We shall first give sketches of the living jiapers and periodicals of the day, tracing their genealogies, where they have anv, and giving such account of their present condition as we have been able to obtain. Brief notices will then be given of extinct iiapers and periodicals not previously described.

THE OHIO STATE JOURNAL.

Issues daily and weekly editions. J. il. Coraly, S. ]\I. Smith, proprietors and publishers; editor. General James M. Conilv ; city editor, Sanuiel .Tohnson ; foreman of news-room, James Tiirncy; general business manager, A. W. Francisco. Otlice, rorner llit;-h, Ghauel, and I'earl streets.

THE PRESS. 243

The present Ohio State Journal claims descent from the first newsj)aper published in Franklin county, and called the West- ern Intelligencer. It was started at Worthington, in 1811, by Col. James Kilbourne, who projecte'd and laid out that town. He issued two numbers of the pai:)er, and then transferred it to Buttles & Smith, who published it about a year', and then turned it over to Colonel P. H. Olmsted, Dr. Hills, and Ezra Griswold, Jr. In July, 1814, Joel Buttles purchased the interest of Dr. Hills in the paper, and it was removed to Columbus, and took the title of Western Intelligencer and Columbus Gazette. Col. Olmsted became sole jJroprietor of the pajier in 1815, and drop- ping the first part of the title, called it simply the Columbus Gazette.

In September, 1825, Colonel Olmsted associated with himself in the publication of the paper John Bailhache and George Xashee. The latter had been elected, by the Legislature, State printer, an oflice created at the previous session. The paper was enlarged, and its title changed to that of Ohio State Jour, nal and Columbus Gazette. Kashee died before the expiration of his official term, and Colonel Olmsted was appointed his suc- cessor. At the session of 1827-28, Judge Bailhache was elected State printer. Olmsted & Bailhache then purchased the West- ern Statesman, and merged it in their paper. In September, 1831, Colonel Olmsted sold out his interest to Judge Bailhache, who then became sole proprietor as well as editor.

In the sjDring of 1835, Judge Bailhache transferred to Charles Scott and Smithson E. Wright. The latter was afterward, for many years, treasurer and auditor of the Little Miami Eailroad Company. Scott & Wright united with their paper the Colum- bus Sentinel. In 1837, Wright parted with his interest to Scott, who formed a partnership with John 31. Gallagher. The latter had, some months before, started a paper called the Politi- cal Eegister, which he now merged in the joint publication. Gallagher, in the spring of 1839, sold out to Samuel Douglas, who, after a few months, disposed of his interest to Scott, the latter becoming sole proprietor and manager.

The first number of volume one of the Daily Ohio State Journal was is.sued on Monday evening, December 3, 1839

244 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

with this standing announcement: "Publislied every evening, by Charles Scott, at his old stand, on State street, opposite the market-house. James Allen, editor." In December, 1843, John Teesdale became associated with Scott, and the paper was pub- li.-^hed in the name of Charles Scott & Co., until October, 1846, when Judge William B. Thrall, still a Avell-known and highly esteemed citizen of Columbus, became 2>roprietor with Scott, and editor of the jjaper.

Henry Eeed, who has since become a noted journalist, came into the establishment June 15. 1848. and the paper purported to be published by Thrall & Eeed till October 31, 1849. when William T. Bascom, now editor of the Xenia Torchlight, be - came a partner of Scott and editor of the jjaper, which was pub- lished by the firm of Scott & Bascom. In 1854, Charles Scott made an assignment for the benefit of his creditors, and the paper was continued by his trustees till the Ohio State Journal Company was formed, to whom the pajjer was transferred and bj' whom it M'as published, under the editorial management of Oran Follett, afterward president of the Sandusky and Cincin- nati Eailroad Company, assisted by VTilliam T. Bascom and John Greiner, commonly called " G-overnor Greiner," from having been for a while acting governor of ]^ew Mexico. In lS5tl,the Journal was transferred to William Schouler tt Co., Mr. Schouler, late adjutant-general of Massachusetts, being its editor.

On the 28th of April, 1858, the Journal appeared as published bj" A. M. Gangewer, editor and jn-oprietor, who merged in it a weekly paper called the Columbian. On the 19th of Novem- ber following, it was announced that John and Henrj- Miller, of the firm of J. & H. Miller, of Columbus, and Henry D. Cooke and C. E. Bill, of the firm of H. D. Cooke & Co., of Sandusky, had become proprietors of the paper, under the firm of Cooke & Jlillers, Mr. Cooke being editor. The Daily Journal, M'hich had previoush' been an evening paper, Avas then issued in the morning, as it has been since. Of the new publishers, the Mil- lers were well-known business men of this city — Henry still re- siding among us, and John having removed to Chicago; H. D. Cooke \' Co. wei'o tlie jMiblisliers of the Sandusky Eoii-ister. Of lliis firm, Mr. Hill appears lo have had but a mere nominal in-

THE PRESS. 245

terest in the Joui-nal. Henry D. Cooke was the brother, and became afterward the partner of Jay Cooke, the fiimous banker.

J. & H. Miller, April 15, 1859, sold their interest to H. D. Cooke & Co., who remained sole proprietors until the 3d of ISTo- vember ensuing, when F. W. Hurtt became associated with them, under the firm of Cooke, Hurtt & Co. On the 4th of July, 1861, Mr. Cooke dissolved his connection with the paper, and Mr. Hurtt associated with him Dr. I. J. Allen, afterward Consul in China, under the name of Hurtt, Allen & Co., Dr. Allen officiating as editor.

The paper was next transferred, October 1, 1864, to the Ohio State Journal Company, with W. H. Foster, of this city, as busi- ness manager.

January 21, 1865, it came under the control of William T. Coggeshall & Co. Mr. Coggeshall had been State librarian, and was afterward sent as United States minister to Ecuador, in South America, where he died.

The next transfer of the Journal was made November 8, 1865, to General James M. Comly, Dr. G. "W. Eobey, and Dr. S. M. Smith, under the name of Comly, Eobey & Smith.

On the 19th of the same month, the name of the Daily Ohio State Journal was changed to Daily Morning Journal, and its form from a folio of four to a quarto of eight pages.

Aaron P. Miller, formerly of the Chillicothe Gazette, bought, October 12, 1866, Dr. Eobey's interest, and the paper was then published by Comly, Miller & Smith, until May 6, 1867, when Comly and Smith became sole proprietors.

J. Q. Howard, afterward consul in Nova Scotia, became asso- ciated with Comly & Smith in the publication of the Journal, January 24, 1868.

The long-used name of the daily paper, that of Daily Ohio Journal, was resumed about the 1st of January, 1869, and its form changed back to the folio.

In the issue of March 22, 1871, appeared the names of J. M. Comly, S. M. Smith, and J. Q. Howard, as publishers and pro- prietors, with James M. Comly as editor. General Comly, March 27, 1872, purchased Mr. Howard's interest, Comly & Smith be-

246 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

coming again sole proprietors, Greneral Comly remaining, as he still does, at the head of the editorial department.

The Journal, during the existence of the Whig party, was its staunch defender and its able advocate, as it has been of the Eepublican party since its formation. With equal firmness and ability, the paper now sustains the administration of General Grant.

THE OHIO STATESMAN.

In the Daily Ohio Statesman of March 31, 1870, appeared the following historical sketch :

" The first Democratic paper printed in Columbus was the Ohio Monitor, commenced by David Smith and Ezra Griswold, in 1816, just after the close of the war with Great Britain. In 1835, the paper, which had in the meantime been published by Trimble, who had bought out Griswold, was sold to Jacob Medary, who consolidated it with the Western Hemisphere. The States- man is the legitimate successor of that paper. The publication of the Hemisphere was commenced by Gilbert and Melcher in 1832. Afterward, Melcher sold his interest to Eussell C. Bryan. Gilbert and Bryan sold to Governor Medary and Colonel Many- penny. Then it passed into the hands of Sacket Eeynolds, who sold it again to Governor Medary.

"All this time it had been the Hemisphere, but on the 5th of July, 1837, the name of the paper was changed, and it appeared as the Ohio Statesman, with S, Medary & Brothers as proprie- tors, Colonel Medary being editor of the paper. When the Statesman first appeared, its office was on East Broad street, near High, in a one and a half storied frame building, which has long since disappeared. It Avas then issued weekly, except during the sessions of the legislature, when it was published twice a week. Eventually, it was published as a tri-weekly, and Avas continued in this way until August 11, 1847, when the first number of the Daily Ohio Statesman was issued.

'• Fi'om its location on East Broad street, the Statesman was moved, in 1839, to the Exchange building, on Broad, between High and Front streets. It renniined there until 1844. It was next published in the frame building on the corner of State street and Pearl, adjoining the site on which the City Hall is now being erected. It continued there until 1847—18', when it was removed temporarily to a frame buildiuo- standing; on the lot now occupied by Seltzer's music store. It remain'ed there until the brick building now occupied by Charles Waa;uer, on

THE PRESS. 247

State street, was completed, when it was moved into that struc- ture. Here it remained until 1853, when the ofldce was removed to the Buckeye Block, corner of High and Broad streets.

" In 1858, the Statesman was removed to its late office in JSTeil's building, on High street. It remained in this building until its present removal to the large four-storj- brick, ISTo. 74 North High street, fronting 22^ feet on High street, and running back on Elm street, 187 feet, to Pearl alley. It was purchased in Febru- ary last by ]\Ir. Eichard Nevins from Lafayette Lazell, by whom it was erected in 1868."

Samuel Medary having become sole proprietor of the States- man, in July, 1845, transferred it to C. 0. & C. E. Hazewell — C. C. Hazewell, editor. In July, 1846, C. E. Hazewell became sole proprietor, C. C. still continuing editor, until the 23d of the en- suing October, when his name disappeared from the paper. On the 4th of JSTovember, 1846, the name of Colonel S. Medary appeared in the Statesman as sole proprietor and editor. No other change was published until Ajiril 1, 1853, when James H. Smith and Samuel S. Cox were named as editors and proprietors, Mr. Smith, January 2, 1854, sold his interest to Mr. Cox, who became sole editor and proprietor.

Of two or three men connected with the Statesman up to this time a few words may not be out of place. Colonel Samuel Medary, during an active editorial life of nearly forty years, was the Ajax of the Democratic party in Ohio. He held for many years the office of State printer, was postmaster of this city, and governor of Kansas and Minnesota, during their territorial exist- ence. Samuel S. Cox was for eight years a member of Congress from this district, and at present represents in the same body one of the wealthiest of the districts into which New York city is divided. James H. Smith at one time rej)resented this county in our State legislature, and was afterward elected clerk of the Court of Common Pleas for this county.

Mr. Cox did not long remain in the position of sole proprie- tor of the Statesman. In April, 1854, he became associated in the proprietorship with B. W. Spears and H. Y. Mann, under the firm of Cox, Spears & Co., Mr. Cox retaining his post of editor. This partnership was of short duration, as Mr. Cox an- nounced, in the paper of May 23, 1854, that it was sold to the

248 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

proprietors of the Daih' Ohio State Democrat and a gentleman of Cincinnati, under the name of the Pranklin Printing Com- pany. The p)roprietor8 of the Democrat were Osgood, Blake & Knapj), and the "gentleman of Cincinnati" was understood to be W. H. Derbj', a bookseller of that city.

The Statesman and Democrat were consolidated, and the l^aper took the name of Ohio Statesman and Democrat. The editors of the Democrat, Horace S. Knapp and Charles B. Flood, became the editors of the consolidated paper. But on the 10th of February, 1855, the pajoer was transferred to Col. S. Medary, who, for the third time, became sole proprietor and editor. The words "and Democrat" were dropped from the title of the paper, and it took its original name of Ohio States- man.

On the 16th of February, 1857, the paper purported to be published by S. Medary and E. Xevins, the former being its editor. The name of James B. Marshall, however, appeared as editor on the 1st of May following. On the 17th of August, 1857, the announcement was made that the paper had been sold to James Haddock Smith, proprietor and editor, with whom Charles J. Foster became as.sociated in the editorial depart- ment, in place of Mr. Marshall. On the 5th of June, 1858, Mr. Smith sold one-half interest in the paper to Thomas Miller, of this city ; and on the 4th of January, 1859, the latter and George W. Manypenny, also of this city, became proprietors of the Statesman, Colonel Manypenny taking the position of editor. The paper was sold to the Ohio Statesman Company on the 17th of Jaiuiary, 1864, and Amos Layman announced as editor, with whom Lewis Baker was associated on the 1st of March ensuing. The name of the latter disappeared on the 7th of December, 1864, and tl»at of E. B. Eshelmanwas substituted. Mr. Layman's name also disappeared January 28, 1867, and Mr. Esholman's remained as sole editor.

The Statesman was transferred, Xovember 13. 1867, to Eieh- ard Nevins, and Charles B. Flood became editor with Mr. Eshel- man. Both the editors' names disappeared from the paper on the 15th of January, 1869 ; but a month afterward appeared the announcement that the ]iaper was published by E. Nevins

THE PRESS. 249

and C. S. Medary, under the firm of Nevins & Medary, with C. B. Flood as editor. On the 31st of March, 1870, the paper was published by Nevins, Medary & Co., James Mills, editor.

The Statesman was sold, April 1, 1872, to Dodd & Linton, by whom it was changed from a morning to an evening paper. On the 22d of June following, it purported to be published by the Statesman Company ; and a month afterward, an announce- ment appeared, signed "Statesman Company, by J. F.Linton, manager," stating substantially that the Daily Statesman had been -merged in the Daily Dispatch, an evening paj^er, pro- fessedly non-partisan in politics. The Statesman Company con- tinued, and still continue to publish the Weekly Ohio States- man and also the Sunday Statesman. OfSce, 26 North High street.

THE DAILY DISPATCH AND DAILY OHIO STATESMAN.

An evening paper, issuing a daily only. Published by the Dispatch Printing Company. Editor, John M. Webb ; city editor, William Galer ; foreman of news-room, Samuel Brad- ford ; general manager, William Trevitt, Jr. Office, No. 26 North High street.

The Columbus Dispatch Printing Company was incorporated June 28, 1871. Object, a general newspaper and job printing business. Capital stock, §10,000, divided into shares of $100 each. Incorporators: Samuel Bradford, Willoughby W. Webb, William Trevitt, Jr., T. McMahon, James O'Donnell, John M. Webb, Joseph S. B. Given, P. C. Johnson, L. P. Stephens, C. M. Morris.

The Dispatch Printing Company, composed of newspaper men, issued the first number of the Daily Dispatch, an evening paper, on the 1st of July, 1871. The editor was Willoughby W. Webb, who was succeeded, in October, 1871, by Captain John A. Arthur, and the latter, in September, 1872, by John M. Webb, the present editor.

In May, 1872, the company commenced the issue of a weekly edition, which was continued until the 23d of July following, when it was merged in the Weekly Statesman, and the Daily Statesman was merged in the Dispatch, and the title of the lat-

250 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

ter was changed to the Daily Dispatch and Daily Ohio States- man.

THE COLUMBUS GAZETTE.

Several papers published in this city prior to 1840 assumed the name of the Columbus Gazette, as a part or the whole of their titles. They were all predecessors, if not ancestors of the present i^aper bearing that name. Elijah Glorer, book and job printer, commenced, in 1840, the publication of a weekly paper called the Ohio Tribune. It was edited in succession by Walter Thrall and Gideon Stewart. George M. Swan was, in 1848, associated with Mr. Glover in its publication, and subsequently became its sole proprietor. He changed the name of the paper to that of Swan's Elevator. In May, 1854, the Maine Law Ad- vocate, which had been published in Columbus by Charles Y. Culver since the preceding October, was merged in the Elevator, which was then called the Columbus Elevator, published by Swan & Culver. It was purchased by Gamaliel Scott in 1855, and in the following year, when John Greiner became its editor, the name was again changed to the one it bears at present — the Columbus Gazette.

Mr. Scott, in the tall of 1857, transferred his ijiterest to Charles S. Glenn, and the paper was published by Greiner ct Glenn. Since that time there have been various changes in the propri- etorship, but through them all Mr. Glenn has retained an in- terest in the establishment. The Gazette is now published by Charles S. Glenn and Charles Heide. Office on Pearl street, nearly opposite Odd Fellows' building.

THE WESTBOTE.

A German weekly and semi-weekly newspaper. Eeinhard & Fieser, proprietors and inihlishers. Office in the Westboto build- ing, op])osite the Opera House.

The AVestbote was established in this city in 1S43, by its pres- ent proprietors and ]niblishers, Jacob Eeinhard and Frederick Fieser. The former was at the time assistant civil engineer on the National Eoad, and the latter had, until then, been editor of the Cincinnati Yolksblatt. Their object was to establish in Columbus a first-class weekl}' newspaper, devoted to the interests

THE PRESS. 251

of the German people, at that time becoming quite numerous, not only in this city and state, but generally throughout the West. Mr. Eeinhard, the senior jjartner, became the business manager of the new paper, and Mr. Fieser having had a varied experience in that line, took control of its columns as editor.

The Westbote was first published in a frame building on Friend, between High and Third streets. It stood on the site on which Isaac Eberly's fine residence is now located. Two years afterward the oflBce was removed to Mechanics' Hall, south- east corner of High and Eich streets, now used by Mr. Schueller, in connection with his drug store. Here the Westbote was printed for two years and a half on a hand-press — the same now used at the Deaf and Dumb Asylum for printing the Mute.

The publication office was removed, in 1848, to the Statesman building on State street, now known as the Converse property, and remained there until 1855, when the building on Friend street, originally erected by George M. Swan as an office for the Columbus Elevator, was purchased by the proprietors of the Westbote, and used by them as an office for their paper and for their extensive book and job office. They have had for many years the contract for the state printing in German. In 1870, they erected the handsome structure known as the Westbote building, as a permanent location for their paper and printing office. The cost of the building was over $40,000.

The German population in the city having largely increased, Messrs. Eeinhard & Fieser, in October, 1853, issued a semi- weekly edition of the Westbote, which has been continued ever since.

The relations of the proprietors of the Westbote to each other in the management and publication of the paper have remained unchanged, and are to-day the same as when the paper was first established in 1843. Mr. Eeinhard became a member of the city council in 1853, and has remained in that position since, with the exception of two years. He was president of the city council four years. In 1857 and 1858, he was the Democratic candidate for secretary of state. Mr. Fieser is the president of the board of education of Columbus, of which he has been a member since 1864.

252 sttider's columbus, ohio.

THE SUNDAY MORNING NEWS.

The News commenced its existence as an independent news- paper in the month of December. 1867— Dr. "William Trevitt, publisher and proprietor. In 1870 he sold the paper to John M. Webb and Charles Mathews. The new proprietors imme- diately^ enlarged the paper to seven columns per page. In the spring of 1871, John M. "Webb transferred his interest in the paper to Charles Mathews, who then became sole proprietor, continuing its publication to June 6, the same year, when it was purchased by W. T. Wallace. The ]:>^'ews, from its commence- ment up to this date, was edited by Willoughby W. Webb. On July 2, 1871, Mr. Wallace assumed the editorial and business management of the paper. In the spring of 1872, he enlarged the jiaper to its present dimensions. On December 15, 1872, Mr. Wallace sold the paper to E. G. Orebaugh and F. A. Brodbeck, so that he might devote himself exclusively to the practice of his profession, the " law."

Although the I>fews has frequently changed hands, it is re- garded as one of the permanent institutions of the city.

Mr. Orebaugh is editor, and Mr. Brodbeck, business manager.

OHIO EDUCATIONAL MONTHLY.

At the annual meeting of the State Teachers' Association of Ohio, held in Columbus, December 31, 1851, and January 1, 1852, it was voted to publish monthly an educational journal, in octavo form, each number to contain thirty -two pages, at one dollar a year. The new periodical was called The Ohio Journal of Education, and was issued under the immediate supervision of the executive committee, of which Lorin Andrews was the efficient chairman. The tirst four volumes were edited by Dr. A. D. Lord, of Columbus, assisted by a corps of associate editors, appointed annually by tlie vState association. The fifth volume was edited by Eev. Anson Smyth, who resigned the superin- tendency of the schools of Toledo to accept the position. The sixth volume was edited by .lohn D. Caldwell, of Cincinnati, and the seventh and eighth volumes by W. T. Coggeshall, of Columbus.

THE PRESS. 253

The enterprise did not prove a financial success, under the management of the association, and at the annual meeting, held in Dayton, in July, 1859, the Executive Committee, E. E. White, chairman, was autliorized to make such arrangements for the future publication of the periodical as might be doomed best. In December it was sold to F. W. Hurtt and Anson Smyth, who assumed the entire responsibility of its management. The title was changed to The Ohio Educational Monthly. Early in 1861 Mr. Hurtt's interest in the magazine was purchased by E. E. White, who, a few months later, bought Mr. Smyth's interest, and became editor and proprietor. Mr. White has published the Monthly for twelve years, and, under his management, the circulation has increased fi-om less than 800 to nearly 4,000 copies. The volume for 1872 contained over five hundred jjages.

The increasing circulation of the Educational Monthly in other States suggested the publication of a national edition, con- taining less Ohio intelligence of local interest; and in October, 1870, Mr. White issued the first number of The National Teacher, which is already circulated in every State in the Union. It is generally conceded to be the best of all the educa- tional journals in the country.

THE ODD fellows' COMPANION.

A monthly magazine for Odd Fellows and their families. M. C. Lilley & Co., publishers and proprietors. Henry Lin- denberg and H. P. Gravatt, editors. Office in Siebert's build- ing, 253 South High street.

This periodical was established in 1865. Such was its success that its publishers were induced the next year to issue it in the German as well as in the English language, calling the German edition Der Odd Fellow. It soon attained a circulation through- out the West and British America.

At the time this magazine was commenced there was no other publication as a representative organ of the order in the West, and but one in the United States, and that was 'jjublished in New York city. The German edition was the first publication of a similar kind ever issued in that language in this country. The circulation of the Complinion is, as it has been from the

254 STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

commeneeinent, steadily on the increase. The combined circn- lation, in the two languages, is now twenty thousand copies monthly. At the beginning it had, like many other enterprises in magazine publishing, to encounter difficulties and drawbacks, and many prophesied that it would fail ; but perseverance and good management have overcome every obstacle, and have made the publication a complete and assured success.

The names of the individual proprietors and publishers are: M. C. Lilley, John Siebert, Henry Lindenberg, and C. H. Lin- denberg.

LrXHERISCHE KIECHEN ZEITUXG.

Issued monthly, in German. Established in 1860. Edited and published by the Evangelical Lutheran Sjiiod.

THE mutes' chronicle.

Issued every Saturday. Established in 1868. Published at the Ohio Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb.

THE OHIO CONVENTION REPORTER.

Established in 1870. Published by J. G. Adell, phonographic reporter. Devoted exclusively to reports of conventions, and de- signed to aid associations in their work by a general dissemina- tion of faithful reports of their proceedings at their annual meetings.

THE LUTHERAN STANDARD.

Issued semi-monthly. Established in 1841. Editor, Eev. M. Loy. Published by the Evangelical Lutheran Joint Synod of Ohio and adjoining States.

ALLOEMIENE VOLKSZEITUNG.

John H. Ortr, as editor and proprietor, commenced July 22, 1872, the issue of an independent weekly paper in German, en- titled the Allgemeine Volkszeitung, or People's Gazette. The establishment is located in Kraus' building, jSfos. 165 and 167 East Friend street.

COLUMBUS BULLETIN.

Established January 1, 1871, by J. A. Peasley. It is a monthly

THE PRESS. 255

publication, and is issued as the organ of the Franklin Business Institute.

THE PAPERS OP THE PAST.

"VVe propose now to mention bi-iefly the papers and periodicals once published here, but no longer in existence, except as they may be said to live in their successors :

The Freeman's Chronicle. — This was the name of the second paper started in Franklin county, in the summer of 1812. It was published in Franklinton for two or three years, by James B. Gardner. Its motto was :

"Here shall the press the people's rights maintain, TJnaw'd by influence, and unbrib'd by gain ; Here patriot truth its glorious precepts draw, Pledg'd to religion, liberty, and law."

It was printed on a small sheet, and contained the local news of the day, as well as items and advertisements relating to the business of the town and county. But the greater part of its space Avas taken up with army and war news, as it was pub- lished during the war with Great Britain. After Mr. Gardner discontinued the paper, the printing materials passed into the hands of John Xilbourne, who removed them to Columbus, where he published two numbers of a paper called the Columbus Ga- zette.

The Ohio Monitor. — The publicationof this paper was begun in Columbus, in 1816, by David Smith and Edward Griswold, Jr. The latter, however, soon parted with his interest to Smith, who continued the paper as sole editor and proprietor. From 1831 to 1834, Judge Smith was State printer. In the summer of 1836, the Monitor was purchased by Jacob Medary, and merged in the Western Hemisphere.

The Western Statesman. — This was the name of a paper started in the city, in 1825, by Zachariah Mills and Martin Lewis. The next year, Elijah Glover took the place of Mills, and after- ward the latter was succeeded by Freedom Sever. In 1828, the paper was merged in the Journal and Gazette.

The Ohio State Bulletin. — This paper was first published in July, 1829, by John A. Bryan and John A. Lazell. After about three years, the paper passed into the hands of George Kesling

256 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

and John H. Wood, who called it the Columbus Sentinel. In 18.35, it was merged in the State Journal.

The Ohio Eegistee and Anti -Masonic Eeview.- — This paper came here, in 1830, from Milan, Huron county, and was pub- lished about three years by Warren Jenkins and Elijah Glover. The paper was discontinued in 1833, the Masonic lodges having, at least apparently, generally disbanded, and the anti-masonic storm having blown over.

The Western Hemisphere. — The publication of a Democratic paper with this title was commenced about 1832, by Gilbert & Melcher. In the winter of 1833-34, they issued the Daily Adver- tiser, the first daily jjaper ever published in Columbus. It was a small sheet, and was continued for a few months only. The in- terest of Melcher in the Western HemisjDhere was purchased by Eussell C. Bryan, and Gilbert & Bryan transferred the jiaper to Jacob Medary and George W. Manypenny. who transferred it to Sacket Reynolds, and he, in his turn, passed it over, in a short time, to Samuel and Jacob Medary — Samuel 3Iedary having been elected State printer. The title was then changed to that of the Ohio Statesman.

The People's Press. — This paper was published for six months, in 1836, by James B. Gardiner. It supported General Harrison, the Whig candidate for president, and Eobert Lucas, the Democratic candidate for governor.

The Ohio Confederate. — This paper was commenced in 1838, by John G. Miller, as a State-rights journal. In 1840, it supported General Harrison for president. In the sprino- of 1841, upon Mr. Miller's appointment as postmaster at Columbus, he transferred the paper to Drs. L. J. Moeller and X. M. Miller, bywhom the title was changed to that of Old School Pepublican! It supported the administration of John Tvler, and was con- tinued for about two years.

The Cross and Journal.— This was a weekly religious paper in the interest of the Baptist denomination. It was started in Cincinnati in 1831, and removed to Columbus in 1838. For nine years afterward, it was edited and published here bv George Cole. By him it was sold to Revs. D. A. Eandall and J. L. Batch- elder, who published it for about a year. Mr. Batcheldor then

THE PRESS. 257

became its sole publisher for a short time. In 1849, it was taken back to Cincinnati.

The Ohio Press.— This was the title of a Democratic paper commenced by Eli T. Tappan, in 1847. It was published weekly, semi-weekl}-, and part of the time dailj'. It was discontinued in a year or two.

The Ohio Cultivator.— This was a semi-monthly agricultu- ral paper, started by M. B. Bateham in 1845, and piiblished by him for about eleven years, when Colonel S. D. Harris purchased the establishment. Colonel Harris continued to publish the paper for some time in Columbus, but finally removed it to Cleveland.

The Western Agriculturist. — This was a monthly paper, published by J. H. Eiley & Co., and edited by W. W. Mather, corresponding secretary of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture. The first number was issued in January, 1851.

The Ohio Standard. — This was the name of a Free-soil paper, commenced in the fall of 1848, by B. S. Hamlin and Israel Gar- rard. It was discontinued in February following. During a part of its time, it was issued as a daily paper as well as a weekly. In N'ovember, 1849, Franklin Grale and Thomas Cleveland began the publication of another weekly Free-soil paper, under the same name, and continued it until September, 1850. It was then bought by O. Glover, who discontinued its publication in the spring of the next year.

The Columbian. — A Free-soil weekly paper with this name was started in January, 1853, by an association of citizens of Columbus organized for that purpose. Its principal editor was L. L. Eice, the present supervisor of state printing. After various changes in ownership, it came, in 1855, into the control of A. M. Gangewer, by whom it was the next year merged in the Ohio State Journal.

The Daily Ohio State Democrat. — This paper was started December 12, 1853. It was jjublished by Knappi, Osgood & Blake, and edited by Horace S. Knapp and Charles B. Flood. The next spring an association, called the Franklin Printing Company, was formed, comijosed of the publishers of the Dem- ocrat and W. H. Derby, of Cincinnati. This company, having

258 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

become the proprietors of both the Democrat and Statesman es- tablishments, merged the two papers into one. calling the con- solidated paper the Ohio Statesman and Democrat. The editors of the Democrat Ijecame the editors of the new pa^jer.

The Daily Capital City Pact. — The first number of this paper was issued October 1, 18.51. by a company of journeymen printers. It purported to be published by H. N^. Jennings & Co., and edited by E. Burke Fisher. The company consisted of E. B. Fisher, M. L. Betts, J. A. Kissinger, H. N. Jennings, and M. H, Allardt. The paper was continued under the same firm for about a year, when John Geary & Co. were announced as the publishers, Mr. Fisher still remaining editor, who retired from the paper October 2G, 18.52. On the 21st of September, 1854, John Geary's name appeared as editor, and so continued until about the close of 1863, when the pajier passed into the hands of W. H. Foster, who merged it in the Daily Evening Express, a paper issued from the State Journal office by Mr. Foster and having but a brief existence.

FORMER GERMAN PAPERS.

The first German paper issued inColumlius was theEmmigrant, in 18.33, edited by Henry Boeder. It only existed a single year.

The second German paper was the Ohio Staats Zeitung issued in 1840, Mr. Weistling, editor and proprietor. It was about as short-lived as the first.

The Ohio Adler started by Valentine Kastner, editor and pro- prietor, in 1841, was continued about two years.

Next came the Forewertz, a weekly paper, issued by Eobert Clemen, and lived about a year.

The Volks Tribune, issued in 1S5G, was published by the Yolks Tribune Printing Company for about two years, and afterward continued by George Ilesseuaur, George Brandt, and John Haisch.

The Hepublic'anische Pressc was established about 1858, as a campaign ]iaper,by an association of Pepublicans. It afterward passed into the hands of Messrs. Siebert & Lindouberg, who continued it about a year.

The Druidcnhain, a monthlj- magazine, was issued about 18G0, by Eobert Clemen, editor and publisher. It did not long exist.

THE PRESS. 259

MISCELLANEOtrS.

The Xational Enquirer, edited by Harvey D. Little, was pub- lished by Horton Howard, in 1828 and 1829.

Mr. Howard also published the Eclectic, edited by William Hance.

The Thompsonian Eecorder was first published by JarvisPike & Co., in 1832, and continued by different proprietors until it was removed to Cincinnati, in 1842, by Dr. A. Curtis.

The Independent Press was published by Hugh M. Espy & Co., for a brief period, in 1832 or 1833.

The same publishers also issued for a short time a Budget of Fun.

Allen, Sage & Beverage issued, in 1840, the Straight-out Harrisonian.

In 1840, E. P. Sage published the Tornado, and T. W. H. Mosely, the Auger.

Captain John Duffy, in 1842 and 1843, issaed the Ohio Free- maTi. and afterward the Columbus Herald.

The Daily Enterprise was commenced in the summer of 1855 by John M. Kinney & Co., and published about six months.

The Western Home Visitor, E. A. Higgins, proprietor, was removed fi-om Mt. Vernon to Columbus, in 1854, and published here a short time.

Common Sense against the Maine Law, published for a short time by Zirchel & Johnson, was first issued August 1, 1853.

The Eeveille was published about 1860 for a brief period.

The Daily Bulletin was published by an association of printers during the political campaign of 1860.

The Medical and Surgical Journal was under the control and supervision of Dr. John Dawson, Profesor of Anatomy in Star- ling Medical College, from 1853 until the publication was sus- pended, a short time before the doctor's death, which took place September 3, 1866. During tlie existence of the Journal, Dr. Dawson contributed many able articles to its pages.

The Daily Columbus Sentinel was commenced about the 1st of September, 1872, and issued from the Westbote ofEice, edited

EDUCATIONAL. 261

by J. (^. Howard. It supported Horace Greeley for president, and was discontinued soon after the close of the campaign.

Capital Events, a weeklj- paper published by Samuel L. Leff- ingwell, editor and proprietor, was commenced in the summer i)f 1872, and discontinued in November following.

The Columbus Review, a monthly medical journal, edited by Dr. W. L. McMillen, appeared for a short time in 1860.

The Ark, a monthly journal, devoted to the interests of Odd Fellowship, edited and puhlislied by Alexander B. Glenn, was commenced in 1853, and continued for about fifteen years. It was very pojiular with the order, and had a large circulation.

The Christian Witness, a weekly paper, was started about the 1st of November, 1863, by Rev. J. F. Given, editor and proprietor. Some time after Mr. Given's decease, August 31, 1867, Eev. A. D. Biddeson took charge of the paper as its editor.

The Columbus Review, a small daily, commenced in 1870, was published for a short time by Bzekiel Mettles.

, OHIO AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE.

The Congress of the United States, by an act passed July 2, 1862, granted to each State public lands, or scrip, equal in amount to 30,000 acres for each senator and representative then in Con- gress, for the endowment of one or more colleges, "where the lead- ing object shall be, without excluding other scientific and classi- cal studies, and including militarj- tactics, to teach such branches of learning as are related to agriculture and the mechanic arts, in order to promote the liberal and practical education of the in- dustrial classes in the general pursuits and professions of life."

The State of Ohio accepted the grant of Congress, and taking possession of the land scrip, sold it through her agents; and the proceeds, amounting to aboat ??435,000, were jilaced in the State treasury, read}' to be applied to the uses of the contemplated in- stitution.

At the session in 1870 the State legislature, in conformity with the grant of Congress, passed an act incorjiorating "the Agri- cultural and Mechanical College of Ohio." A board of trustees was nominated by tlie governor and elected by the Senate.

2G2 STODER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

This board met in Columbus, May 13, 1870, and completed its organization hy the election of oflacers, and became a corporate and legal body.

This board of trustees was required by law to locate the col- lege by the 15th of October, 1870, '■ regarding the best interests of the college in the receipt of moneys, lands, or other property donated to said college by any county, town, or individual, in consideration of the location of said college at a given place." And it was further provided "that said college shall not be lo- cated until there are secured thereto, for such location, donations in money, or unincumbered lands at their cash valuation, whereon the college is to be located, or in both money and such lands, a sum equal to at least one hundred thousand dollars."

The legislatui-e also, on April 18, 1870. passed " an act to authorize the several counties of the State to raise money to se- cure the location of the Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical Col- lege." By this latter act, the commissioners of any county desiring to secure the location of the college were authorized to submit, on thirty daj's' notice to the electors of the county, the question of making a donation by tax, the aggregate-tax not to exceed ten mills on the dollar, upon the taxable property of the county, and not to exceed two mills in any one year. In case of a majority vote in favor of the proposed donation and its ac- ceptance by the college trustees, the commissioners were author- ized, in order to raise the money, to issue bonds running for ten 3'ears, at eight per cent, interest. Oar commissioners, after a full consultation with manj' citizens and the countj' agricultural board, submitted to the voters of the county, at a special election held August 13, 1870, the proposition to donate three hundred thousand dollars to the college, on the condition that it should be located in this county. The vote was in its favor.

Officers and Trustees. — Y. B. Horton, chairman; Joseph Sullivanl, secretary ; Wn\. B. ^let'lung. superintendent; Henry S. Babbitt, treasurer; Aaron F. Perry, Joseph F. "Wright, Cp'US Falconer, Henry S. Conklin, Wm. Sawyer, James M. Trimble, 'I'honias ( '. Jones, Warri-ii V. Noble, ,lan\es AV. Boss, Eal]ili liCete, l>aniel Keller, Marvin M. Jlunson, Norton S. Townshend, John

EDUCATIONAL. 263

C. Jamison, Cornelius Aiiltman, John E. Buchtel, and Henry B. Perliins.

Faculty. — The board of trustees have determined to establish ten professorships as follows :

1. Agriculture — Norton S. Townshend; 2. Physics and Me- chanics— T. C. Mendenhall ; 2. Mathematics and Civil Engineer- ing— vacant ; 4. Chemistry — Sidney S. Norton ; 5. Geology — vacant; 6. Veterinary Science — vacant; 7. Botanj^ — vacant; 8. English and Modern Languages — Joseph F. Millikin ; 9. An- cient Languages — Williams; 10. Political Economy — vacant. The chair of geology was offered to Edward Orton, president of the Antioch College. He has not yet accepted. Other appointments will be made before the opening of the college in September next.

STARLING MEDICAL COLLEGE.

In 18-46, Willoughby Medical College, located at "Willoughby, Lake county, Ohio, was removed to Columbus, with a reorgani- zation of its board of trustees. Under that organization one course of lectures was delivered in this city, and then the in- stitution abandoned. During this term Lyne Starling, one of the original proprietors of the site of Columbus, executed a deed of trust, December 18, 1847, to trustees, of thirty thousand d;llars, to be paid in installments for the purchase of a lot and the erec- tion of suitable buildings thereon for a medical college, and the establishment of a hospital in connection therewith. The trus- tees named in this bequest were "William S. SuUivant, John W. Andrews, Eobert W. McCoy, Joseph E. Swan, Francis Carter, Samuel M. Smith, and John Butterfield.

The trustees, on the 2d of January, 1848, met and accepted the trust. Mr. Starling then increased his generous donation five thousand dollars more, making it thirty -five thousand dol- lars. Upon application to the legislature. Starling Medical Col- lege, to be located at the State capital, was chartered by a special act, i^assed January 28, 1848. The board of trustees organized under the charter by electing William S. Sullivant, president, E. W. McCoy, treasurer, and Francis Carter, secretary. The following gentlemen were chosen, January 29, 1848, members of the faculty : Henry H. Chi Ids, M. D. ; John Butterfield, M. D. ;

264 STUDER's COLl'MBL'S, OHIO.

Eichard L. Howard, M. D. ; Jesse P. Judkins, M. D. ; Samuel M. Smith, M. D. ; Frederick Xerrick, A. M., and Francis Carter, M. D. During the first year the number of students was 160, and the degree of M. D. was conferred on thirty-two persons, and honorary degrees on six.

Officers. — The following are the present officers of the insti- tution ; President, William S. Sullivant ; Secretarj-, Francis Carter. Trustees — AVilliam S. Sullivant, L. L. D. ; Joseph Sullivant, Esq. ; Samuel M. Smith, M. D. ; Francis Carter, ]\L D. ; Hon. Joseph E. Swan ; John W. Andrews, Esq. ; James A. Wilcox, Esq.

Faculty. — S. M. Smith, M. D., Professor of Theory and Prac- tice ; Francis Carter, M. D., Professor of Obstetrics, etc.. Dean ; J. M. Wheaton, M. D., Professor of Anatomy ; J. W. Hamilton, M. D., Professor of Surgery; S. Loving, M. D., Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics ; Theo. G. Wormley, il. D., Ph. D., L. L. D., Professor of Chemistry and Toxicology; H. C. Pearce, M. D., Professor of Physiology ; W. L. Peek, M. D., Pro- fessor of Insanity ; D. E. Kinsman, 31. D., Professor of Diseases of Women and Children ; Judge J. W. Baldwin, Professor of Medical Jurisprudence; D. Halderman, M. D., Lecturer on Venereal Diseases and Demonstrator of Anatomy ; Otto Frank- enberg, M. D., Prosector to the Chair of Anatomy ; H. A. Weber, Assistant to the Professor of Chemistry.

After the charter had been granted, in the winter of 1848, a lot was procured on the southeast corner of Sixth and State streets, on which the present college edifice, famed for its unique design and architectural beauty, was erected. The building was commenced in the spring of 1849, under the superintendence of E. A. Sheldon, architect. Tlie address, on laying the corner- stone, was delivered bj- Eev. Dr. Hoge. In the fall of 1850, the building had so iiir jn-ogressed that the first course of lectures, 0)H'ned by a general introductory from Prof Carter, was deliv- ered in the new edifice that season. The superstructure of the building is of briek, with a large amount of ornamental cut stone. Its extreme length is lo5 feet, and its height from the ground to llio top of the tower is 138 feet.

The Sisters of St. Francis, some years ago, leased for ninetv-

EDUCATIONAL. 265

nine years that part of the building designed for a hosjJital, and since then open for the reception and care of the sick poor and afflicted of all classes and conditions. Of this work of charity and labor of love, we have given an account in the chapter on charitable institutions.

The college contains a well-stored museum, an unrivaled chemical laboratory, and all the means for instruction in prac- tical anatomy and other departments of medicine, and the hos- pital conducted by the Sisters of St. Francis. Of this hospital, which is connected with the lecture-rooms, the facult}-, distin- guished as eminent practitioners, are the medical officers.

The Starling Medical College is an institution of which it is gratifying to speak as a credit and an ornament to our city. It has, since its commencement, graduated about a thousand students, who are now practicing in all parts of the country, many of them ranking among the most eminent physicians in the profession.

CAPITAL UNIVERSITY.

Capital University was chartered by an act of the legislature, passed March 7, 1850. It had its origin in a resolution ado^rted the preceding December, by the trustees of the German Evan- gelical Lutheran Seminary. The Seminary and University, though separate and independent institutions, have been asso- ciated ever since the organizationof the latter. Both schools, in 1850, occupied the Covert school property, on Town street, and until they were removed into the University edifice.

The lot on North High street, east of Goodale Park, on which the college edifice stands, was donated by Dr. L. Goodale. The building was erected in 1852 and 1853, and formally opened or dedicated on the 14th of September, 1853, when addresses were delivered by William H. Seward and Eev. Dr. Stohlman, of ]N"ew York. The cost of the building was $40,000. Though the Uni- versity, for several years, labored under serious pecuniary em- barrassment, it is now happily out of debt. The edifice affords ample accommodations for students — lecture-rooms, society halls, and everything to render an institution of learning at- tractive. Its dimensions are 154 feet in length by 69 in width, three stories above the basement. It has a tower, 75 feet in

266 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

height, and another elevation four stories high. It is situated in a square of four acres, at one of the most elevated points in the vicinity of the city, and immediately adjoining Goodale Park. It is about a quarter of a mile north of the railroad depot. The site is eminently healthful.

The first president of the University was Eev. W. M. Hey- nolds, D. D.,TV'ho was succeeded by Eev. C. Spielman, and the latter, fifteen years or more ago, by the present president, Eev. W. F. Lehmann. The president of the board of directors is Eev. J. A. Schulze, and the secretary, Eev. Joseph Beck, both residents of Columbus.

The faculty are : Eev. W. F. Lehmann, president and pro- fessor of the German language and literature; T. G. "Wormley, M. D., professor of chemistry, geology, and natural history- Eev. M. Loy, A. M., professor of mental and moral science, and George C. Dasher, A. M., professor of mathematics and natural philosophy, and principal of the preparatory department. The professorship) of history is vacant ; but its functions are tempo- rarily supplied by special provisions of the board. Charles E. Herbst, J. H. Schuh, and Amon E. Gift are tutors.

The university organization includes the preparatory or grammar school, the collegiate and theological departments. There are three literary societies connected with the university — the Clio, the Hermann, and the Germania (German). These hold weekly meetings during term-time, and have valuable li- braries and large halls well furnished.

At a meeting of the Joint Synod of the Lutheran Chui-ch of Ohio, convened in extra session, in February, 1873, in this city, it was decided to dispose of the present university and grounds, and accept the generous proposition made by Frederick iliohael, Esq., which was to donate ten acres in a square on East Friend street, for the university proper, and five acres of ground in one- acre lots, surrounding the square, for professors' residences ; and argeed to raise ^5,000 toward the building of a $10,000 church, to be located opposite the university square. The loca- tion is one of the most beautiful and healthful adjoining the city, and can not but materially help the advancement of

EDUCATIONAL. 267

the East end, which has been growing very fast for the past two years. The new university is to cost about §80,000.

THE GERMAN EVANGELICAL LL'THERAN SEMINARY.

The German Evangelical Lutheran Seminary of the Joint Synod of Ohio and adjoining States was founded and established at Columbus, in 1830. Its first buildings were erected, and its first location was on a ten-acre lot in the south part of the city, eligibly and handsomely situated, now the property of Peter Hayden, to whom it was sold in 1849 or 1850.

On the sale to Mr. Hayden, the Covert school property, on Town street, was purchased for the use of the seminary and of Capital University, which had just been organized. After the erection of the university building, the seminary was located there, and though existing under a distinct charter, became vir- tually the theological department of the university.

The seminary was at first under the direction of a single pro- fessor, with whom afterward another was associated. The first professor having control of the institution was Rev. W. Schmidt. He was succeeded by Professor C. F. Schaeffer, D. D., about 1 839, who was followed by Professors F. Winkler and C. F. Jucksch. On the resignation of the latter. Professor W. F. Lehmann took charge of the institution, with "whom, for sev- eral years past. Professor M. Loy has been associated.

The seminary is under the general supervision of the Evan- gelical Lutheran Synod of Ohio and adjacent States, and under the special control of a board of directors. Though this board constitutes a part of the trustees of Capital University, it has an independent organization, and regulates its own affairs. A very large proportion of the ministers representing the Luth- eran Church in Ohio, and on the borders of adjoining States, were prepared for the ministry through the instrumentality of this institution. Its course embraces a series of lectures in the usual branches of exegetical, historical, systematic, and prac- tical theology. The German and English languages are both taught, and both are used as vehicles of instruction. The reg- ular course requires an. attendance of two years and a half. The students can have access to a library containing 2,500 volumes.

EDUCATIONAL. 269

ACADEMY OP ST. MARY's OP THE SPRINGS.

Located northeast of the state-house, neai- Alum creek, north of Mount Yernon avenue extended, and about two miles east of the eastern limits of the citj-. Incorporated, Juh^ 1868. Un- der direction of the Dominican Sisters. Superioress, Mother Eose Lynch.

Previous to the above date of incorporation, the academy was located at Somerset, Perry county, Ohio. It was established there in 1830, by Bishop Fenwick, the first Catholic bishop of Cincinnati.

The academy building at Somerset having been destroyed by fire, the Sisters were at a loss as to how they should go forward with the work to which they had devoted themselves. "While they were in this strait, Theodore Leonard, an old resident of Columbus, generously donated to them thirty-two acres of land near the city, for a site for their academj-. Mr. Leonard also donated toward the erection of the buildings 110,000, to which Eugene Mageveny, of Memphis, added another 110,000.

The academy, which cost over ^40,000, is a large and commo- dious building, well arranged, and having all the modern ap- pliances for heating and ventilation. The -grounds for recrea- tion and promenade are spacious ; and when these are properly improved and shaded by grove and forest trees, the academy will present itself as one of the finest educational institutions in the West. The location is unsurpassed in its salubrity and beauty of landscape ; the distracting sights and sounds of the bustling world are excluded by shady groves and sloping hills ; the tout ensemble of the scenery, as viewed from the recitation- rooms and the dormitories, is well calculated to give to the youthful mind a studious and thoughtful turn.

The special object of this institution being the education of young ladies of the higher class, every opportunity and advan- tage is afforded the pupils to pursue their studies in all the use- ful and ornamental branches becoming their station and sex. Eeligious belief, whatever it may be, forms no obstacle to the

270 STUDER'f! COH'MBUS, OHIO.

ailniisnion of j-ouiiff ladies, provided tliey willingly eonform to the general regulations of the school.

The aeadeniic year consists of t«'o sessions of five months each. The annual vacation commences on the last Thursday in June, and scholastic duties are resumed on the first Monday in September. There are in the academy one hundred and twenty boarding puf)ils, filling it to its full cajiacity. Many applications were necessarily refused at the oj^ening of the present session for want of room.

The course of instruction is thorough, embracing all that can be projjerly required for fitting the pupil to move in the highest social circle. The studies are divided into four departments, each having its distinct course.

The academ}' is under the auspices of the Bishop of Columbus, the provincial of the order of St. Dominick, the Eev, S. A. Clarkson, J. P., and the clergymen of the diocese of Columbus.

SISTERS OP NOTRE DAME.

The Sisters of Notre Dame in this city number nine. Thev devote their lime principally to the education of the female por- tion of the Catholic parish schools of the city. The house of the sisterhood is located on Eich, between Sixth and Seventh streets. The foundress of the Sisters of Notre Dame was Marie Eose Julia Billiart, who was born in Cuvilly, a village of Picardy. France, in 1751, and died in 1816. The order was first introduced into this countrj' by the Most Eeverend Archbishop Purcell.^f Cin- cinnati, in 18-10. Sister Mai-y Liquori is superioress in this citr.

ST. ALOYSirs SEJIIXARY.

Location, a short distance south of West Broad street. In- structors—Eev. N. A. Gallagher, principal ; Eev. Chaneelor G. II. Ahrens, ]u-ocurator ; Eev. Francis Campbell, professtn- of theology, assisted by the bishop and clergy of Columbus. Terms — Boanl, washing, and tuition, per session of ten months, one hundred and fifty dollars.

This seminary, like many other Catholic institutions in the city, owes its origin to the zeal of Bishop Sylvester H. Eose- crans, D. D. In 1871 he purchased of N. Merion an acre and a

KDIICATIONAL. ' 271

quarter of ground, on which Avere two brick buildings, for seven thousand dollars. After having made some alterations and im- provements, he founded on this site, Seiitember 1, 1871, the in- stitution now called ••The 8eminarj'."

The course of study embraces theology, i^hilosophy, history, mathematics, and the Latin, Greek, German, and English lan- guages, and occupies eight years of close application. The object of the seminary is the education of Catholic youth for the priest- hood. It derives its chief support from the Catholics of the diocese of Columbus.

The present number of students in the institution is thirty. As this is as large a number as can be accommodated, many ap- plications for admission have been rejected. It is in contempla- tion to build, at no distant day, a much lai-ger seminary for this, as yet, infant diocese of Columbus.

OTTERBEIN rNIVERSITY.

This institution, belonging to the Church of the Pnited Breth- ren in Christ, is located at Westerville, in this county, twelve miles north of Columbus, near the Cleveland, Columbus, Cin- cinnati and Indianapolis Eailway, and directly on the new rail- road, the Cleveland, Mt. Yernon and Columbus, now nearly com- pleted. Westerville is a large, thriving town, pleasantly and healthfully situated, and noted for its quiet and good order.

Otterbein University was opened for the reception of students September 1, 1847, and has therefore been in existence twenty- five years. On the night of January 26, 1870, the main college building, with its furniture ; the college library of more than three thousand volumes, including a copy of the Semitic manu- script presented by the Emperor of Russia ; the finely furnished halls, and the select libraries of the literary societies, were all destroyed by fire.

But the building thus destroyed has been replaced by a larger and more convenient one, an engraving of wliich accompanies this sketch. It is an imposing structure, with an extreme length of 170 feet and an extreme def)th of 109 feet. It contains a large chapel-room, spacious society halls, library and reading- room, laboratory, and numerous large recitation and other rooms,

llilM "l

EDUCATIONAI,. 27o

Both sexes are admitted to the institution, are instructed by the same teacliers, and recite in the same classes. There are four courses of study in the university — the classical, the scien- tilic, the ladies', and the English course. A student may take any one of these courses according to his preference. The ladies' course is so called beca\ise it is the one usually preferred by ladies. The present number of students is 170. There are four literary societies connected with the college — the Philomathean and Philophronean, composed of gentlemen, and the Philale- thean and Cleiorhetean, composed of ladies. These societies have commodious and well-furnished halls in the college building.

The faculty consists of Eev. H. A. Thomjjson, A. M., Presi- dent and Professor of Mental and Moral Science ; John Haywood, A. M., Professor of Mathematics; Thomas McFadden, A. M., M. D., Professor of Natural Sciences ; John E. Guitner, A. M., Professor of Greek ; Eev. Henrj^ Gurst, A. M., Professor of Latin, and Mrs. Lizzie K. Miller, M. A., Principal of Ladies' Department.

THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS.

Notwithstanding the prosjierous condition and the high re- pute of the public-school system of Columbus, the materials for its past history and statistics are scanty and unsatisfactory. From the organization of the system until the recent report of the superintendent, R. W. Stevenson, only two reports had been published — one in 1857, and the other in 1869. From the close of the school year, July, 1857, to the close of the year 1868, a period of eleven years, there are no reports either written or printed. We embody in a brief sketch such facts as we have been able to gather from Mr. Stevenson's late rej>ort and other sources.

The first public school was 0f)ened in Columbus while it was j-et a borough. The town plat, with a part of Montgomeiy township, composed a single school district. The first meeting for the choice of directors was held November 21, 1826, in the Presbyterian church, on Front street, at which Orris Parish was chairman, and Wm. T. Martin, secretary. The directors chosen were Dr. P. Sisson, Rev. C. Hinkle, and Wm, T. Martin. A school was soon afterward opened, and a Mr. Smith employed as the

^74 STUDKR S COLUMBUf:, OHIO.

teacher. For sevei-al yeai-s the Bchool fund onlysnflficed to keep up a school for about a quarter in each year.

John "Warner. Christian IleyL and William St. Clair were cliosen directors in 1830, and Wm. McElvain, Horton Howard, and Nathaniel McLean, in 1831. The name of J. M. C.Hasseltine is mentioned as first employed as teacher in 1832. A public school meeting, held in 1830, authorized the establishment of two schools, one to be taught by a male teacher for the more advanced jrapils, and the other by a female teacher for the younger children. At that time, the schools were taught in rented rooms, as there Avere no public school-houses.

Previous to the year 1845. very little attention was paid to the common or public schools. Xearly all the children of the more intelligent, prosperous, and influential citizens were taught in private schools. The importance of securing the benefits of a good common-school education to all the youth of the city was brought before the public by a few earnest and active friends of common schools. The passage of a law was obtained on the 3d of Februarj', 1845. \)j which the management of the jiublic schools was committed to the board of education of Columbus, to consist of six directors, holding office for six vears, one-third of the number being elected annually by general ticket. lender the same law, the city council were empowered to apjioint a board of three examiners for the examination of applicants for the position of teachers in the public schools of the city.

This act, which was entitled ■■ an act for the supjiort and bet- ter regulation of the jmblic schools in the city of Columbus." was amended, March 25, 1864, so as to provide for the election of two members of the board of education for each ward of the city by the voters in the ward, to serve for two years — one mem- ber to be elected from each ward represented bv odd nun\bers, and from each ward rejiresented by even numbers in alternate years. Thus, on the second ^londay of April, 1872, under this law, school directors were elected in tlie Second, Fourth. Sixth, Eighth, and Tenth wards, and Mill be elected, on the second IMonday of April next, in the First, Third, Fifth. Seventh, Ninth, and Kleventh wards.

The question of levying a tax for raising the sum of eio-ht

KDrc.-VTlONAL.

275

thousand dollars for the erection of school-houses was submitted to the people in the sjirini; of 184G. and decided in the affirma- tive, by a vote of 77(i to 328. Three lots were purchased, and three brick buildings, of six rooms each, were erected, in which the schools were opened on the 21st of Jul)-, 1847. The board of education appointed a superintendent, to whom was intrusted the general direction of the course of study and instruction in the schools. The schools were divided into four erades — primary, secondary, grammar, and high — and the pupils were classified in each according to their standing in the prescribed studies.

A German school-building was erected in 1852, and the high- school building the succeeding year. The board of education, in their report for July. 1853, made the following statement as to the cost of the school buildings then erected, exclusive of the sites:

Central building for high school, 60 by 70 feet, three

stories above the basement, estimated at $15,000

Three houses erected in 1846, 187 by 24 feet 12,000

German school-house, 70 by 32 feet 3,000

Total for the five buildings.

130,000

The following table gives the number of teachers, aggregate of salaries, and average daily attendance of pupils, for the ten years ending June 30, 1857 ;

TEAE.

NU3IKF.K

OF

TF.ACHERS.

AGGKJ-.OAI'G PALARIK.S.

AVFltAfiF,

DAILY

ATTKNDANCE.

] 848

15 19 20 21 23 24 32 3,S 38 40

708

] g4q

940

1,075

1851

1,107

1852

$8,104 74

8,475 CO 10,530 96 16.292 05 16,173 62 16.169 16

1,100

1853

1,224

1854

1,348

1.575

1856

1,533

1857

1,442

■270 STUDKR's COLUMBUS, OHIO,

GROWTH OP THE SCHOOLS.

The following statistics of the attendance of the school year ending Jul}', lfi52, compared with the enrollment and average dailj^ attendance of the year ending July. 1872, gives a definite idea of the growth of the schools and the increase of the popu- lation of the city :

1851-52. 1871-72

Number of pupils enrolled 2.200 5,478

Average dailj' attendance 1,100 3,727 .

Number of teachers 23 105

Gain per cent, on the number enrolled 149

1868-69. 1871-72.

Enumeration of j^outh between five and

twentj'-one years 8.566 10.117

Gain per cent 18

Number of pupils enrolled 4,936 5,478

Gain per cent 11

Average daily attendance 3. GOO 3,727

Gain percent 4

Number of teachers 91 105

Gain per cent 15

SUMMARY OF STATISTIt'S. POPULATION'.

.For the school year ending June 21, 1872.

Population of the city, according to the census of 1870. 31,274 Enumeration of youth between five and twenty-one years of iige, according to the school census, October 1871 : 10,117

SCHOOL BCILDIXGS.

Number of school buildings owned 23

Number of school rooms owned 107

Number of school rooms rented 2

Number of recitation rooms, otiices, etc 38

Number of seats for jiupils 5.379

A'ahie of school sites $106,780

Value of school buildings 269 650

Value of school furniture 15,841

Total value of school property... $392,271

EDUCATIONAL. 277

SCHOOLS.

High school 1

Grammar schools 25

Primary and ungraded schools 74

Total number of schools 100

TEACHERS.

Number of teachers in the high school 7

Xumber of teachers in the grammar schools 27

Xumber of teachers in the jn-imary and ungraded

schools 71

Xumber of special teachers (music ) 1

Superintendent and assistants 4

Total number of teachers — men 14, -women 96 110

PUPILS.

The -whole number of pupils registered was :

In the high school 211

In the grammar schools 1,714

In the jM'imary and ungraded schools 4,129

Total number of pupils registered 6,054

Number of pupils registered more than once 576

Number of different pupils registered 5,478

The average number of pupils belonging, -was :

In the high school 172

In the grammar schools 1,290

In the primary and ungraded schools 2,494

Total average number of pupils belonging 3,956

The average number of pupils in daily attendance -was :

In the high school 163

In the grammar schools 1,236

In the primary and ungraded schools 2,325

Total average number of pupils in daily attendance. 3,724

ORGANIZATION OF THE SCHOOLS.

Prior to the beginning of the school year, 1871-72, the schools were placed, by the board of education, under the direction of

one superintendent, -who had the general management of the

schools of the city, and seven male principals having the special

278 STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

charge of the schools in their resj^ective districts. It was the oj^jinion of several memhers of the board that the schools could be made equally efficient, and could be conducted more economi- calljr, by the substitution of women for principals instead of men.

Accordingly, at the regular meeting of the board, held July 12, 1871, the committee on salaries made the following rejiort, which was adopted :

''liexolced, That the city be divided into three school dejjart- nients, each to be composed of sub-districts, as follows :

''■ The fii-st department shall be composed of sub-districts num- bers one and seven, containing the Park and Spring Street schools, and the suburban schools in the northern part of the city.

" The second department shall be composed of sub-districts numbers two and three, containing the Sullivant school, the Mid- dle building, and tlie suburban schools of Franklinton and Mid- dletown.

" The third department shall be composed of sub-districts num- bers four, five, six, and eight, containing the schools in the South building, all the German-English schools, and the suburban schools in the eastern and soutliern parts of the city.

"Hesoh-ed, That there shall be elected by the board one male principal for each department : one male principal for the high school ; one male principal for the Loving' (^colored) school, and one female principal tor each sub-district" whose duties shall be defined by the rules and regulations of the board of education."

The schools were organized in accordance with the forotjoino- programme. The superintendent, at the close of the first year under the new regime, July, 1872, reported that the exiicriment of putting women at the head of all the schools beloM- the high school had, so far as the results of that year were concerned, proved a success. The vigilance of the lady teachers, their de- votion to the work, and competency to teach and o-nvern, kept the schools in good order and in a high state of etfieiencv,

A ncwehissifieation of the schools was adopted, too-ether with a new course of study. The old course occupied a period of nine years in the prinmry and gran\nnu- schools, beiui;- divided into fi\e grades — lower and higher jirimary; lower and hi'dier secondary; lower and higher intermediate : and .\, H, and ('

EDUCATIONAL. 279

grammar. The new course for the English schools reduced the time from nine to eight years, having the following distinct grades : A, B, C, and D primary, and A, B, C, and D grammar.

The principal feature in the new course is the introduction in the grammar-school grades of "Natural Science," instead of the disconnected lessons upon every variety of subjects, known as " Object Lessons." Botany is made the basis of oral lessons in the C and D grammar, and physics in the A and B. By means of a small appropriation for the purchase of a few simple pieces of apparatus, the pupils receiving lessons in physics are enabled, under the eyes of their teachers, to perform many 8imj)le but instructive experiments. I^otwithstanding the many difficulties encountered, there were no subjects upon which the average standing of the pupils at the last annual examination was so high. The teachers almost universally rej)orted deep interest on the part of the pupils.

.SCHOOL SITES AND SCHOOL BUILDINGS.

It has been said that substantial and costly school and church edifices are the best manifestations of the enterprise, intelligence, and morality of any people. If this be true, Columbus may justly lay claim for her citizens to the possession of these very desirable qualities. M'o city in the West has pr.,vided more lib- erally for the accommodation of her children of school age an d for their esthetic culture. Great care has been taken to secure ample grounds, and in convenient and healthy localities. Much wis- dom and foresight were exercised by the city board of educa- tion which secured the sites now occupied by school buildings when property was cheap, and it was possible to obtain them. The inconveniences which other cities experience on account of the smallness of the lots for buildings and play-grounds are not found in Columbus. The grounds of all the buildings are large enough to afford abundant room for outdoor exercise.

The following is the size of the lots of the principal buildings :

High School, 124 feet by 201 ; Sullivant School, 163 feet by

212 ; Park Street School, 150 feet by 200 ; Spring Street School,

150 feet by 284; Third and Mound Street School, 156 feet by

187 ; Third and Eich Street School, 146 feet by 188 ; German-

280 STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

English and Grammar School, 120 feet by 187 : Third Street German-English School, 102 feet by 180 ; South Street German- English School, 187 feet by 150 ; Loving (colored) School, 187 feet by 150 ; Fieser School, 150 feet by 187.

The purchase of two large lots — one in the northern, and the other in the southern part of the citj-— in the spring of last year, was an exercise of that foresight which was characteristic of former boards. The rapid growth of the city in these two sec- tions will require at an earlj' day the improvement of the lots, hy the erection of buildings, each containing at least twelve rooms. The pressing need of more school-room in the northern part of city will be partially supplied by the temporary house now in process of erection.

THE SULLIVANT SCHOOL BUILDING.

The Sullivant School building on State street, was first occu- pied in September, 1871. It is 119 feet front by 84 deep, and three stories high. It contains seventeen school-rooms, one reception-room, a principal's office, and will accommodate nearly one thousand pupils. The basement contains, besides the coal and furnace-rooms, two large plaj'-rooms — one for the boys and one for the girls, which may be used in inclement weather. The cloak-rooms are roomy, and so arranged that they are accessible only to the children of the respective rooms to which they be- long. The halls and cloak-rooms are supplied with water. The following apparatus, with one clock, for marking the time in each school-room, and for purposes of communication with all the rooms from the office of the principal, was constructed under the superintendence of T. 0. Mondenhall :

The apparatus combines in itself a system of clock-signals aiul a system of telegraphic connnunieation connecting each room in the building with ail of the others. The motive power consists of a dozen or more cells of Hill's battery, which are placed in the basement immediately underneath the principal's office, with which they communicate by means of a couple of tolerably heavy copjier wires. From this room wires are carried to every room in the luiilding, being connected in each with a bell-magnet and a simijle key for closing the circuit. The bell-

EDUCATIONAL. 281

magnets were nianufactured to order by Messrs. L. Ci. Tillotson & Co., of New York city, from whom also Avere obtained the battery elements. These signal-bells are very simple in their con- struction, easily adjusted, and not liable to get out of order. The battery is easy to manage, requiring verj' little attention, and when once in operation is maintained at a merely nominal cost. In order to secure the communication of time throughout the building, one of Estell's •■Programme Clocks" is thrown into the circuit, being placed in one of the rooms, and a mechan- ical attachment made which makes the closing of the circuit, and consequently the simultaneous striking of all the bells in the house, coincident with the striking of the clock itself A system of numerical signals has been devised, which makes it the work of but an instant to communicate any ordinary request or order from one room to any or all of the others. The ajjparatus having been in use only during the latter i>art of the last year, has hardly had a chance to prove its usefulness. As the teachers, however, have become familiar with its manipulation, it has demonstrated to them its great convenience and utility to such an extent that they would experience much difficulty were they dej)rived of its use. Costing about the same as a set of poor clocks, it is a much more accurate time-keeper, and a valuable time-saver. "VYhere a programme of exercises can be arranged for an entire set of schools, it may be struck by the programme clock, and communicated instantly and accurately to every room in the building. Should the superintendent or other school officer, or any visitor, desire to see any teacher in the building, he has but to step into the office on the first floor, and by touch- ing the key he makes known his want, and is attended to at once. In case of fire, or any other disaster requiring the imme- diate and prompt dismissal of all of the school, this apparatus would prove invaluable, as by means of it the dismissal could be secured in the least possible time, and without alarming the pujiils in any way whatever.

282 STUDEH'S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

THE HIGH SCHOOL.

The Columbus High School is a just source of pride to our citizens. There can hardly be found, in any school of a similar grade, a more competent and devoted corpts of instructors than there is in our high school. Neither show nor sham finds any quarter. To make sound, thorough scholars and thinkers, is the tendency of all the instruction and discipline given in this school. The fact that bojs who have completed the high- school course of study, have been able to enter the best colleges in the East and the national schools at West Point and Annap- olis, with a higher standard of scholarship than that required, is alike creditable to the school and the teachers.

THE HIGH-SCHOOL BUILDING.

The High-school building, on the southeast corner of Broad and Sixth streets, was opened for the recej^tion of pupils on Monday, September 8, 1862, being the day for the commence- ment of the fall term of the public schools. This edifice is one of the finest school buildings in the United States, and one of the chief architectural ornaments to our city. It is Romanesque in style. It is built of red brick, with cut Waverly stone dress- ings, galvanized iron cornices, and slate roof

The main building is one hundred feet long by sixty broad, with a central transept twenty feet wide, projecting twelve feet on each side. There is a beautiful tower at the northwest corner, rising about one hundred and fifty feet above the pave- ment. "Wide halls run through the building, and the stairways are spacious and of easy access.

At the intersection of the corridors in the center of the build- ing, there is an oetagonal bay whieli runs up through the two stories of recitation rooms, and the arrangement i^ such that tiie principal can have every department under his observation and within liis call from the gallery surrounding this bay or "well-hole" in the second stnry. There is a capacity in the ditt'erent rooms for the accommodation of two hundred and fittv

pU|lils.

On the first floor are the superintendent's room in the tower.

EDUCATIONAL. 283

three large sehool-rooms, and a laboratory and apparatus-room. The second floor has three school-rooms, and a commodious library and reading-room. The third floor is appropriated to form one large hall for general exercises, public exhibitions, lectiu-es, etc. This hall is elegantly finished, and is one of the finest audience-rooms in the city.

The piipils enter the school-rooms through small ante-cham- bers used for cloak-rooms. In an upper room of the tower is a large tank supplied with water from the roof This water, by means of pipes, is carried all over the building, and there is a lavatory in each cloak-room. All parts of the building are sn])- plied with gas.

The arrangements for warmth and ventilation are all but ]ierfect. The furniture in the school-rooms is of the latest and most approved forms. The entire cost of the building, at the time <;if its completion, was set down at twenty-five thousand dollars.

FINANCIAL.

For the year ending September 1, 1872, the total receipts for the jxiblic schools were?] 62,5-13.50, including .S6,070.20 State tax and S14S, 793.31 district tax. The disbursements for the same period were S150.016.10, including 868,-153.05 for superintendents' and teachers' salaries, and 832,452.81 for buildings erected.

INDEBTEDNESS.

The permanent or funded debt of the board consists of 850,000 in bonds, dated August 1, 1870, and redeemable 810,000 each year, commencing on the Lst of August, 1874, and bearing eight per cent, interest. These bonds were issued in conformity •with a special act of the legislature, passed i)i March, 1870, for the purpose of erecting the Sullivant building on State street, and tlie Central Grerman-English Grammar school, and are payable ten thousand dollars each year, commencing the 1st of August, 1 874, and bear eight per cent, interest.

COST OF NEW BUILDINGS.

state Street (Sullivant) school-house, 168, 9!:i2. 27; Fourth Street school-house, 817,981.14; Middletown school-house, 810,900; Long Street fljoving) Colored school -house, -86,361.

284 STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

VALUE OP SCHOOL PROPERTY.

Total value of school sites, ^123,550; total value of school buildings, $269,650; total value of school furniture, 815,841 ; total value of school property, ^^400.041.

MEMBERS BOARD OF EDUCATION'.

The following comprises a complete list of all the members of the board, and ofHeers of the same, since 1846, at which time the city of Columbus was made a .special school district :

1847-48 — Wm. Long, president; S. E. Wright, secretary; H. P. Huntington, treasurer ; P. B. Wilcox, J. B. Thompson, James Cherry.

1848-49— Wm. Long, president ; S. E. Wriglit, Secretary: IL F. Huntington, treasurer : P. B. Wilcox. J. B. Thompson. A. F. Perry.

1849-50 — Wm. Long, jjresident ; J. L. Bates, secretary; H. F. Huntington, treasurer ; J. B. Thompson, S. E. Wright, J. W. Baldwin.

1850-51 — J. B. Thompson, president; J. L. Bates, secretary; H. F. Huntington, treasurer; Wm. Long, S. E. Wright, J. W. Baldwin

1851-52 — J. B. Thompson, president; J. L. Bates, secretary; H. F. Huntington, treasurer; Wm. Long. S. E. Wright, J. Sulli- vant.

1852-53 — J. B. Thompson, president : J. L. Bates, secretary ; H. F. Huntington, treasurer ; S. E. Wright, J. Sullivant, Thos. Sparrow.

1853-54 — Jos. Sullivant, president ; Thomas Sparrow, treas- urer; S. E. Wright; secretary; H. F. Huntington. J. K. Linnel, James L. Bates.

1854-55 — Jos. Sullivant, president ; Thomas S]iarrow. treas- urei- ; S. E. Wright, secretary; .1. K. Ijinnel, J. J. Janney. J. Ij. Bates.

1855-56 — .los. Sullivant. president ; ,1. ,1. Jannv'v. treasurer; S. K. Wright, secretary; .1. K. Linnel. A. B. Buttles, A. S, Heclcer.

RC»g

High S

CHOOL.

EDUCATIONAL. 285

1856-57 — Jos. Sullivant, president; J. J. Janiiey, treasurer ; S, E. Wright, secretary; J. G. Miller, A. B. Buttles.

1857-58 — Jos. Sullivant, president; S. E. Wright, treasurer; A. B. Buttles, secretary; A. Ci. Thurman, J. G. Miller, A. S. Decker.

1858-59 — Jos. Sullivant, president ; Thomas Sparrow, treas- urer: A. G. Thurman, secretary; J. G. Miller, William Trevitt, George Gere.

1859-60 — Jos. Sullivant, president ; Francis Collins, secretary ; Thomas Sparrow, treasurer; A. G. Thurman, Dr. Eels, J. II. Smith.

1860-61 — Jos. Sullivant, president; John Greiner, secretary; Thomas Sparrow, treasurer ; A. G. Thurman, J. H. Smith, George Gere.

1861-62 — Jos. Sullivant, president ; Thomas Sparrow, treas- urer; Otto Dresel, secretary; George Gere, J. H. Smith, Starling Loving.

1862-63 — William Trevitt, president ; Thomas Sparrow, treas- urer ; Otto Dresel, secretary ; George Gere, Starling Loving, E. Walkup.

1863-64 — William Trevitt, president ; E. Walkup, treasurer ; Otto Dresel, secretary ; Starling Loving, B. F. Bingham, S. S.

1864^65 — Frederick Fieser, president ; B. F. Bingham, treas- urer ; H. T. Chittenden, secretary; T. Lough, C. P. L. Butler, K. Mees, H. Kneydel, S. W. Andrews, J. H. Coulter.

1865-66 — Jos. Sullivant, president; Frederick Fieser, treas- urer ; S. W. Andrews, secretary ; E. F. Bingham, H. Kneydel, J. H. Coulter, K, Mees, T. Lough, H. T. Chittenden.

1866-67 — Jos. Sullivant, president; Frederick Fieser, treas- urer ; Peter Johnson, secretary ; E. F. Bingham, K. Mees, Isaac Aston, Starling Loving, S. W. Andrews, T. Lough.

1867-68 — Jos. Sullivant, president ; Frederick Fieser, treas- urer; Peter Johnson, secretary; B. F. Bingham, K. Mees, Isaac Aston, Starling Loving, S. W. Andrews, T. Lough.

1868-69 — Frederick Fieser, president ; Peter Johnson, secre- tary ; Joseph Sullivant, Otto Dresel, T. Lough, Starling Loving, K. Mees, S. W. Andrews, C. P. L. Butler.

2813

STCI>ER S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

1809-70 — Frederifk Fieser, prtsidt'iit; E. C. Hull, secretary; C. P. L. Butler. .Starling Loving. OttoDresel. Daniel Carmichael, K. ifces, II. M. Deiiig, Louis Iloster.

1870-71 — Frederick Fieser, president; E. C. Hull, secretary; C. P. L. Butler, Starling Loving. C. L. Clark, Daniel Carmichael, K. Mee.s, E. M. Denig, Louis Iloster.

1871-72 — Frederick Fieser. jiresident : E. M. Denig. secretary ; Starling Loving, (.'. L. Clark, K. Mees, S. W. Andrews. Louis Hosier, C. P. L. Butler, C. T. :\Lann.

1872-73 — Frederick Fieser. president ; E. 31. Denig, secretary ; Starling Loving, K. Mees. E. F. Bingham. S. AY. Andrews. Alex. Neil, Louis Hosier, Yal. Pauscli. T. J. Critchfield. L. D. Mvers.

SUPKUIN'TENDENTS.

The following named gentlemen have acted as suiieriutendeuts of the ]>uhlie schools of this cit}- :

1852-50— Asa D. Lord; 1850-05— E. D. Kingsley ; 1805-71 — William Mitchell; 1871-73— E. W. Stephenson^

>l UIM Ml 1 LI s n

EDUCATIONAL. 287

HOLY CROSS CIIUKCII SCHOOLS.

The Bew school building connected with the above-named church is very creditable to the energy of the pastor and the congregation. The old stone church, remodeled, i^roving entirely inadequate for the rajiid increase of pupils desirous of attend- ing the school, the new building, after a plan made by Charles TVoelfel, was erected, under the care of the Very Eev. J. B. Hemsteger, V. G., at a cost of 811,800; JVI. Harding, contractor. It is three stories high, and contains seven rooms, each 27 by 32 feet, and 13 feet in the clear. It has also a beautiful hall, 32 by 54 feet, 15 feet in the clear, used for meetings of the congrega- tion and the several societies connected witli the church. Three of the upper rooms are used for the female departments, under the care of the Sisters of Notre Dame, with 177 pujails. Three of the lower rooms are the male department, in care of Brothers Peter, "William, and Charles, the i:)upils numbering 149. Total num.ber of pupils attending school, 320.

ST. Patrick's school.

The school building, erected in 1854, hy Rev. James Menghei'; north of St. Patrick's Church, and constituting the north wing of the present school edifice, proving to be inadequate for the purjjose intended, was enlarged and remodeled, in 1862, bj- Eev. Edward Fitzgerald. It is located on the corner of Seventh street and Mount Vernon avenue, and will accommodate about 500 pupils. It has a front of 67-| feet, and a depth of 60 feet. It is two stories high, and contains eiglit rooms, with a hall run- ning through the middle of the building.

The four upper rooms constitute the female department of the school, in charge of the Sister.s of Notre Dame. There are 280 pupils in this department. The four lower rooms are occu- pied by the male department, in charge of Miss Kate Milay, as- sisted by Misses Ellen McGarr, Emma Burns, and Sarah Cain. The number of pupils in this department is 250. The value of the school property is 812,000.

COLUMBUS BUSINESS COLLEGE

Was founded by Professor E. K. Bryan, in 1866. It embraces book-keeping, English grammar, correspondence, law, and banking. The attendance during 1872 numbered 220.

288 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

FRANKLIN BUSINESS AND TELEfiKAPHIC INSTITUTE

Was fomided by Prof. J. A. Peasley, the present proprietor, Sep- tember 5, 1870. It embraces a business, telegraphic, normal, academical, and an intermediate department. The enrollment of scholars for 1872 numbered 171. There are employed in the institute six teachers.

TOE STATE LIBRARY.

It is a noble and enduring memorial of Governor Thomas Worthington that he founded, in 1817, the Ohio State Library. While on a visit to Philadelphia in the summer of that year, the governor ])urchased, from his contingent fund, a small col- lection of valuable books, which formed the basis of our j^resent State Library. He deposited the books in a room fitted up for the purpose over the auditor's office, in the state-office building, on High street, north of the old state-house. The next legis- lature not only indorsed Mdiat tlie governor had done, but ap- propriated a thousand dollars fir the jiurchase of additional books. Rules were adopted for the regulation of the library, placing it in the care of the governor, and authorizing tl)e gov- ernor, secretar}', and treasurer, and auditor of state, the judges of the supreme court, the members of the general assembly and their respective clerks, to take books out of the library, to be returned within a limited time.

The library was kept open only during the session of the leg- islature. The governor intrusted tlie care of it to John L. Harper, who was, therefore, the first state librarian. He re- ceived two dollars a day during the session.

The first donation of books to the library was nnide by the eelel.>rated Jeremy Bentliam and Eobert Owen, through John (^uiiK-y Adams, minister to Knghnid. The number of volumes ill tlie library was gradually increased, and in 1S24 it was 1,717.

h'ntsT LiRHArvY Law. — On the first day of the session of the legishitiire for 182l')-24, Zacliariah Mills was ajijiointed librarian ill jciint convention of the two Houses, At the same session, in .laiuKiry, a bill was passed for the management and enlargemen

LIBRARIES. 289

of the library. It provided for tlie apijointment of a librarian, by the legislature, for the term of three years ; fixed his salary at two hundred dollars a year ; and required him to give bond in two thousand dollars for the faithful discharge of his duties. It also appropriated three hundred and fifty dollars a year for the purchase of books.

From 1824 to 1844, appropriations, varying from three hun- dred and fifty dollars to one thousand dollars, were annually made for the library. In 1844, the number of volumes had in- creased to 8,172.

Library Commissioners. — On the 6th of March, 1845, a law was passed placing the library in charge of the governor, the secretary of state, and the librarian, who were to make rules and regulations, superintend all expenditures, and report annually to the legislature. All persons were permitted to visit the library and examine and read the books. Members and ex- members of the legislature, judges of the supreme court, and State officers were allowed to take out books under the rules, but not to give any other jDcrson an order for books.

The law fixed no term of office, nor any amount of salary for the librarian. He was, however, paid four hundred dollars for 1845, and the next year his compensation was raised to five hundred. The appropriations to the library during ten years — 1842 to 1862 — amounted to five thousand six hundred dollars. The number of volumes had increased, in 1844, to 13,640.

General Library Laav. — The legislature, on the 27th of January, 1853, passed a librarj" act, repealing the previous ones. It limited the term of the librarian to two years, fixed his bond at ten thousand dollars, and required him to make an annual report to the governor. These were the principal changes made in the law as it stood at the time the act was passed. In 1854, an act was passed requiring the librarian to cause to be bound, in a substantial manner, all newspapers, periodicals, and pam- phlets received at, or furnished to the State library. His annual salary was fixed by law, in March, 1866, at fifteen hundred dollars.

Removals. — In May, 1856, the library was removed from its location, in the ancient building on High street, to the two rooms

290 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

in the State-house, opposite the treasiiiy department, where it remained till January, 1858, when it was removed to tlie spacious lihrary-room in the State-house, which it now occupies.

Librarian's. — The following are the names of the several State librarians with the date of apjiointment : John L. Harper, 1817; John McEIvain, 1818; David S. Brodrick, 1820; Zach- ariah Mills, 1824 ; Thomas Kennedy. 1842 ; John Greiner, 1845 ; Elijah Hayward, 1851; James W. Taylor, 1854; ^Y. T. Cogge- shall, 1856 ; S. G. Harbaugh, the j^resent efficient and obliging librarian. 1862.

XrjiBER OF YoLCMES. — The report of the commissioners of the library for 1872 showed that there were in the general de- partment 31,984 volumes, and in the law department 5.418. The additions made in 1872 were, in the general library. 959 ; and the law library, 276, making the number of volumes added to both departments 1,235.

Disbursements. — The following are the disbursements out of the appropriations to the library for 1872 : For books, maga- zines, and papers, 82,152.60 ; for books for law library. 81.335.24 ; for clerk of library, on salary. 8950 ; for contingent expenses, 8456,54 ; making a total disbursement of 84.894.43.

3Ianus('Ript Department. — There is a manuscript depart- ment to the State library, Avhich, it is expected, will be hereafter greatly enlarged. It contains, at present, papers of Governors R. J. Meigs, Thomas Worthington, and Ethan Allen Brown ; miscellaneous papers, and the celebrated St. Clair Papers, pur- chased by authority of the legislature, ' containing the corre- spondence, messages, documents, and manuscrijits generally, of Arthur St. Clair, governor of the ZSorthwost Territory for four- teen years, from 1788 to 1802.

Bare A.merican Curiosities. — There are deposited in the library one hundred and tive articles df rare American curiosi- ties, purchased by tJoyernor Hayes with his contingent fund. They are arranged in the catalogue under the following heads: Calumets, or lai'ge ceremonial pipes; mound pipes, proper; im- plements and ornaments; and various curious articles from Mexico and Peru.

LIBRARIKS. 291

PUBLIC LIBRARY.

The city eouneil, in .Januaiy, 1872, passed an ordinance for the establisliment of a pnblic library and reading-room. It is to be under the control and management of seven trustees, who are to serve Avithout compensation, and appoint their own presi- dent, secretary, and treasurer and such other officers and assistants as they may deem necessary, and fix their compensation. Thej' are also authorized to establish such by-laws and regulations for the government of the library and the preservation of its books and other projierty as may be necessaiy and proper.

The mayor, the jiresident of the city council, and the presi- dent of the board of education, are ex-officio members of the board of trustees. The other four are elected by the council, who, on the 12th of February, 1872, elected Otto Dresel and W. B. Hayden to serve for one j'ear, and John W. Andrews and A. S. Glenn to serve for two years.

Here it is proper to make a digression to notice an associa- tion known as the Columbus Atheneum, formed for the purpose of maintaining a library and reading-room. At the first meet- ing, held at the mayor's office, January 10, 1853, the following officers were elected : John W. Andrews, president ; N. M. Gaylord, vice-president ; Wm. M. Irish, corresponding secretaiy ; Milton M. Powers, recording secretary ; Thomas Sparrow, treas- urer. The board of directors consisted of Aaron F. Periy, president ; W. L. McMillan, secretary ; John Field and Thomas V. Hyde.

The last list of officers of which there is any record embraces those chosen February 9, 1858. They were : Allen G. Thur- man, president ; D. A. Eandall, vice-president ; Henry C. jSToble, corresponding secretary ; Milton M. Powers, recording secretary ; James C. McCoy, treasurer. Board of directors — Josef)!! Hutche- son, ^V. E. Ide, S. E. Wright, J. J. Janncy, A. B. Buttles.

At the first meeting, sixty-seven members subscribed the consti- tution, and §134 were raised to forward the objects of the organi- zation. Gradually funds were acquired, principallj' by contri- butions ; books were jiurchased, and a library and reading-room was opened in the State Joiumal building, and afterward re- moved to Deshler's building, on the southeast corner of High

292 STUDER S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

and Town streets. The institution, however, failed to receive that popular support which was necessary to keep it alive and flourishing;. Tlie directors strove to raise the needed funds by means of lectures and appeals to the public. In one of these ajipeals, now lying before us, for patronage to a course of lec- tures, dated Februarj- 21, 1855, the directors said that it was for the citizens to determine whether the reading-room and library should continue or be fiuallj- closed. It was closed, at length, after ineftectual struggles to keep it open, and the books and other property boxed up and stored away. The number of books is about fifteen hundred. The annexed document shows the generous oflfer that has been made as to the disposition of these volumes, many of which are rare and valuable :

Florence. JIarch 26, 1872. P. W. Huntington. Esq.

Dear Sir : I have just received your favor of the 1st inst., in- closing a note from Jno. W. Andrews, Esq., stating that a room has been assigned by the city council, in the new city hall, in which is to be established a free public library for the city of Columbus, and that it is desirable that the books belonging to the Columbus Atheneum shall be turned over to the new library. Those books, I suppose, are technically under the control of the three surviving directors, viz ; Mr. J. J. Janney. Dr. ^V. E. Ide, and myself I suppose there will be no ditficulty in obtaining the consent of these gentlemen to the transfer. And for myself I have to say, that it has always been my wish to have these books preserved and disposed of in the manner here contem- plated, that the original object, for which many of them were donated, sliould be faithfully carried out. It so happened that during the last year that the Atheneum was kept open, its in- come was insufficient to defray its expenses, and some debts cre- ated before were unpaid. My advances from time to time to meet these obligations, in the hope of keeping the in- stitution aUve, would at this tiu\e, adding interest, amount to over sixteen liundred dollai's. Trusting that the new librarv is (irganized upon a basis that will insure its permanence and suc- cess, I will donate to it my claim upon the Atheneum, and give my consent to the transfer of the books belonging to it. Anv foi-mal ti'anster that maybe deemed necessary to carry out the object may be made, I do not iloubt, by Mr. .Tanuev and Dr. Ilk", and their action shall have my approval. AVilh my best re-

LTBRABIES. 29-3

spects to Mr. Andrews, and heartily wishing fortlie best results, I am truly yours,

Jos. HUTCHESON.

As one of the directors of the Columbus Atheneum, I fully con- cur in the transfer of the books belonging to that institution, as^ Tiroposed by Mr. Huteheson in the foregoing note.

J. J. Janney.

I concur in the above.

^Y. E. IDE.

The board of directors of the Public Librarj', established by city ordinance, met and organized Februarj" 19, 1872, by the electionof John W. Andrews, jsresident ; Otto Dresel, secretary; and Alexander S. Glenn, treasurer. By-laws were adopted for the government of the board and the regulation of the libraiy and reading-room. By the rules, any resident of the city has access to the library and reading-room, free of charge, and resi- dents over fifteen years of age can take out books. The library and reading-room is to be open daily, except Sundays, from 9 A. M. to 10 p. M., and on Sundays, from 1^ to 10 P. ii., for reference and reading only.

The books formerly belonging to the Atheneum Association, were then jilaced in one of the small rooms of the City Hall building, in charge of Eev. J. L. Grover, librarian pro tern.

Through the personal exertions of one of our most public- spirited citizens, Luther Donaldson, about three thousand dollars was raised by subscription, for the purpose of fitting up the library-room in the City Hall. To carry oat this object, the architect, P. Schlapp, submitted a plan which was accepted. The cost of carrying into effect Mr, Schlapp's plan was about nine hundred dollars. The balance of the sum raised by sub- scription was devoted to other necessary improvements.

The room on the first floor, on the east side of the City Hall, is divided into two apartments, the rear division being designed foi- the book-room or library proper, and the front room, eighty by twenty-seven feet, for the reading-room. The post of the librarian is at a desk in the library-room, near the parti- tion, through which visitors call for books. The books are arranged in cases without doors, around the walls of the

294 STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

library-room, which will not be open to visitors. As the ceiling of this room is sufficiently high, a gallery is extended round the south and west sides, to be reached by a neat stairwaj' starting from the center of the room. This brings all the available ,8pace into use for shelving. Tables, chairs, reading-desks, and stools are provided for the reading-room, where all the lead- ing newspapers and periodicals of this country, and many of those of foreign countries, are on file for the perusal of vis- itors.

All the books now in the library Avere donated — twelve hun- dred volumes from the Atheneum Library ; three hundred and fifty-eight volumes from the High School Library ; and thirty- three volumes from the Horticultural Society ; total, one thou- sand five hundred and ninety-one volumes. There is ample shelf- room for as many more. The library, as it now is. comprises history, biography, theology, i^oetry, voyages and travels, phil- osophic and scientific works, novels, etc.

Bj' authority given in the municipal code, the council has caused a library tax to be levied upon the taxable projierty of the corj^oration, which will yield about two thousand dollars. This amount will doubtless be increased as the needs of the library may require.

Arrangements have been made for the regular receipt of the following named newspapers, jieriodicals, and magazines, and a majority of them have already made their appearance on the tables and reading-desks :

"Newspapers. — Daily Aha, American Agriculturist, Bos- ton Advertiser, Cleveland Tri-weekly Herald. Chicago Daily Tribune, Cincinnati Daily Commercial, Louisville Courier- Journal, Denver Daily Xews, The Nation, Dublin Nation, Dailj- Dis])aleh, Every Saturday, Cincinnati Gazette, Toronto Globe, Indeiiendenee Beige, Kolnische Zeitung, London Eveninti- Mail, London Punch, Ohio State Journal, Eichnuind Daily^Whio;! S]iringfiel(l Hepublican, St. Louis Democrat, Baltimore Siin^ Sunday Morning News, Toronto Globe, Chicago Daily Tribune^ Der AVochenblatt, New York World, AVestbote (tn-weeklv\ Sunday Slatesuum, Engineering and Mining Journal.

"li.msTE.VTED rERiODicALs.— The Birds" of North America, Akiine, American Journal of Science and Art, American

LIBRARIES. 295

Manufacturer, Appleton's Journal, Dalerin, Die Cxartenlaub, Leslie, LittoH's Living Age, London Illustrated News, Pictur- esque America, Spirit of the Times, ITber Land and Meer.

" ilAGAZiNEs.— Atlantic, British Quarterly, Odd-Fellows' Com- panion, Edinburgh Review, (xalaxy. Harper's Magazine, London Quarterly, North American Eeview, Scribner's Monthly, West- minster Eeview, Westerman's Monthly."

THE COLUMBUS CIRCULATING LIBRARY.

In 1869, two ju-ivate book-clubs were organized in this city, the first by the following named ladies : Mrs. G. M. Eobinson, Mrs. Dr. S. Loving, Mrs. E. iSTevins, Mrs. G-. W. Manypenny, Mrs. Joseph liutcheson, Mrs. A. L. Buttles, Mrs. James Wilcox, Mrs. Henry C. Noble, Mrs. A. N. Whiting, Mrs. Alfred Thomas, Mrs. William Savage, Mrs. Henry Wood, Mrs. E. A. Fitch, Mrs. B. N. Huntington, Mrs. Dr. Carter, Mrs. J. CI. Mitchell, Mrs. Eobert Smith, Mrs. E. L. Taylor, Mrs. Charles Osborn, Mrs. Y. Anderson, Mrs. S. N. Field, Mrs. E. E. Ferguson, Mrs. A. Sollace, Miss Ann Eobinson, Miss Mary SuUivant, and Miss Minnie Abbott ; the second, by Mrs. Dr. Wormley, Mrs. Jas. McKee, Mrs. George Phillips, Mrs. F. D. Clark, Mrs. E. D. Harrison, Mi-s. Joseph H. Parsons, Mrs. Jos. Sullivant, Mrs. J. Wm. Baldwin, Mrs. B. D. Hills, Mrs. George B. Wright, Mrs. James Kilbourn, Mrs. S. L. Kelton, Mrs. C, N. Olds, Mrs. L. C. Bailey, Mrs. W. E. Ide, Mrs. Sarah Pollard, Mrs. W. T. Coggeshall, Mrs. H. C. Farmer, Mrs. Henry Neil, Mrs. C. G. Freudenberg, and Miss Carrie Hamilton.

At the end of one year the two clubs were in possession of one hundred and eighty-nine volumes. These were made the nucleus of a circulating library, and a committee of two mem- bers from each club was ap2:iointed, viz., Mrs. Dr. Loving and Mrs. B. N. Huntington, Mrs. L. C. Bailey, and Mrs. B. D. Hills, to take the management for one j-ear. There being no other circulating librarj' in the city at the time, a good patronage was secured, and, notwithstanding the small beginning, the experi- ment proved successful.

At the first annual meeting. May 7, 1871, the clubs were dissolved, and a library association was organized. A constitution

296 SIUDEr's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

and b3"-la-\v8 were adopted, and the following officers and executive committee were elected, viz: ^Irs. James Wilcox, president; Mrs. Dr. Loving, vice-jiresident ; Mrs. B. X.Hunt- ington, secretarj- and treasurer.

Executive Co.MMiTTEE. — Mrs. L. C. Bailey, Mrs. A. Iv". Whiting, Mrs. B. D. Hills, Mrs. James McKee. This committee aj^jjointed Miss F. P. Sollaee, librarian.

The library was opened at McAdow's music store, at 'No. 2 l^eil House block. May 7, 1870, and remained there till March 30, 1872, when it was removed to John Seltzer & Co.'s music store, Nos. 11 and 13 East State street, where it is now op)en every Saturday.

The librarj- is liberally patronized, is self-sustaining, and contains about 900 volumes of choice literary and scientific works. The officers and executive committee for the present year are : Mrs. James A. Wilcox, president : ^Irs. James McKee, vice-president ; Mrs. B. N. Huntington, secretarv and treasurer.

Executive Committee. — Miss L. M. Smith, librarian; Mrs. L. C. Bailey, Mrs. A. jS". Wliiting, Mrs. A. K. Pearce. Mrs. H. Lanman.

THE TYXDAUL ASSOCIATION.

Organized in February, 1870, when its first meeting was held, George H. Twiss acting as president.

General object, to investigate and develop all departments of natural science.

The following statement of subjects discussed before the association, eitlier iu writing or orally, during the first two or three months of its existence, will show more fiillv its general purpose and practical operations: The spectroscope and spec- trum analysis, ocean currents, sensitive and singing flames, climate and its changes in the past, homeopathy and its prin- ciples, the Darwinian theory, decrease of the number and in- tensity of thuniler storms by tlie increase of the number and extent of railroads, cause of the southern projection of continents, cause of the explosion of steam-boilers, etc.

One of the interesting features of the society nieetinii-s is the impromptu discussion of points in papers, generally following their presentation.

THE TYNDAL ASSOCIATION. 297

The members of the association are distributed into three ^■hxsses :

First. Active members, wlio pay an initiation fee of one dollar, and twenty -five cents quarterly. These members furnish papers of a scientitic character.

Second. Contributing members, residents of Columbus, who pay an annual installment of five dollars.

Third. Corresponding members, consisting of eminent scientific men throughout the country, who contribute original articles, written and piiblished by themselves.

The association arranges, during each lecture season, for a course or courses of popular lectures by prominent scientists, a ticket to a course of four lectures being furnished for one dollar. Lectures are also given, under the auspices of the society, by talented citizens, to the public, gratis.

vSinee its organization the association has purchased, with the proceeds of lectures, a set of meteorological instruments, which are now placed in proj)er positions in the society rooms. These instruments cost S160 in New Yorli ciij- The association has f)laced itself in communication with the weather-signal office, at the Smithsonian Institution, in "Washington citj^, for the purpose of giving a daily statement of the state of the weather at this j)oint. The society has a handsome binocular micro- scope, imported from London, and costing S250.

By a resolution of the city council, two rooms on the fourth floor of the Citj' Hall building, in the rear of the large hall, were aj)propriated to the use of the association, free of chai'ge, the city to be put to no expense for fitting irp and furnishing the rooms. They have been, by the society, very tastefully and apijropriately fitted up and arranged for the piurposes contem- plated.

Present Officers. — T. C. Mendenhall, president ; J. J. .Tannej^, vice-president; Leo Mees, secretary; Martin Hensell, treasurer; A. G. Farr, observer. Trustees: Wm. B. Hayden, George FI. Twiss, and T. C. Mendenhall.

The association holds regular meetings on every alternate Saturday evening. The meetings are open to the public.

298 STODER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

CHAPTEE XIII.

AGRICULTURAL, COAL, A^■ D IRON RESOURCES.

AORICULTURAL KESOrRCES.

Perhaps no equal extent of territory in the "West is, by na- ture, adapted to the growth of a greater variety of plants use- ful to mankind than the region of country around and in the immediate vicinitj- of Columbus. "We have the greatest variety of soils, in the aggregate, adapted to the growth of any vege- table production that grows in our climate. Xo county is bet- ter watered or has richer valleys than Franklin.

Of all the valleys in the world, none surpass, and but few equal, the Scioto valley in richness of soil, ease of culture, and adaptabilitj' to the cultivation of the agricultural products most needed in civilized life. In richness of soil it surjiasses the long-filmed valley of the Xile, and is only equaled by the Miamis, the Wabash, the Maumee, and other "Western valleys. It is here, in a fair season and with good cultiire. we raise from ninetj^ to one hundred bushels of shelled corn per acre.

We have also the valleys of the Big and Little Darby, the Olentaugy, Alum creek. Big and Little Walnut, Blacklick, and some smaller ones besides. The amount of tillage crops these val- leys could be made to produce would be enormous. They were originally timbered with black and white walnut, hickory, hackberry, buckeye, white and blue ash. and hard and soft mapk' in abundance, with white and burr oak, white and red I'lm, and a lower growth nf boxwooil, pajiaw, redbud. and many other kinds. The weeds of native grow lli are hiirse-weed, wild pea-vine, Sjianish needh\ wild cucumber, cockle-burr, and some others, all indicating rich laiul. These valleys are pecu- liai'h' fitted for the grow ing ot' Indian torn, brooni-i-orn, pota- toes, and, in fad, all tillage crops.

It is liere that the labor of the hu.sbandman is nuist abun- dantly repaid. Along the edges of these valleys we have onr

actRIcultural resources. 299

table-lands, or second bottom-lands. These consist of a loamy soil, between a sandy soil and a clay loam, about twelve or tifteen inches deep ; then from three to five feet of a reddish clay, comj^act enough to hold manure or the native richness of the soil, yet porous enough to allow the surjilus water to leach through, all being underlaid by a bed of sand or gravel, evi- dently a drift, which makes the most perfect drainage. We seldom see water standing on this soil, and never long at a time, except when the ground is deeply frozen.

This is the land peculiarly suited to the growth of the small grains, such as wheat, oats, rje, and barlej^, and the fruits gen- erally. On these second bottoms the peach tree lives and flourishes for twenty-five years or more. The grape, too, suc- ceeds well ; while the apple, the pear, and quince i^roduce their finest specimens. The soil being naturally underdrained and capable of being brought to the highest state of fertility by ma- nuring, is admirably adapted to the growth of garden vege- tables and small fruits generally. Here they are never drowned out or become water-clogged. Thej' are free alike from stagnant water and the overflow of streams. The gravel with which the ground is underlaid being moist, it takes a long drouth to injure the crop. "We have, too, enough such land surrounding Colum- bus to produce all the vegetables and fruits that a city of half a million of inhabitants can consume, and of the very finest quality, as has been proven by the annual exhibitions of the Franklin Countj^ Agricultural Society.

Between the streams, or rather back of these second bottom- lands, we have what is familiarly called claj'-lands. These are interspersed with swirls and ponds, which, when drained, are almost equal to our best valley lands. On these clay and swale lands the grasses grow and flourish most luxuriously. From these we get the most of our hay, milk, butter, and some of our finest fruits, especially apples and pears.

Here, then, we find the city of Columbus, situated in the midst of a most fertile region, agriculturally considered, capable of producing, in almost unlimited quantities, most of the neces- saries of life. We can grow our own wheat, corn, oats, rye, buckwheat, and potatoes, as well as sorghum and broom-corn,

:>00 studer's columbcs, OHIO.

and load our own tuldes witli y-ai-den vefi'etaldes of the finest quality; with liotli trcu and j^niall fruils in alnindanee. and with Lutter, milk, and (diecsu to our licai-t's content. "We can furnish all the lui\' and othei' jirovender our animals can consume, and from our o\\ n products, make all the whisky, beer, and wine we need. In meats, we can fui-nish our own heef. ]iork, and mut- ton, wliile the 231'oducts (jf our ])oultry-Yards keeji jJ^K-e with the demand, and can be increased indetinitel}'.

Our climate is a iJeculiarlj' fortunate one: exempt alike from the rigors of the northern winters and burning sun of the southern summers, wc seldom have but a few days at a time of extremely cold or hot weather. From our elevation, we enjoy a very salubrious atmosphere. AVe have the advantage of a hilly or almost mountainous region, the lied of the Scioto river at this point being 77(j feet above tide-water. The State-house site being about 60 feet higher. Columbus stands 836 feet above tide-water, and 624 feet above the waters of Lake Erie. It is situated 101 feet higher than Zanesville, Muskingum county. This is about one-third as high as the highest jieaks of the Alleghany mountains.

So we have the advantages of a level country for our agricul- ture, with the salubrious air of the hilly counties of Pennsyl- vania and West Yirginia. This region is well adapted to the rearing of dinnestic animals. Here the horse, cow, sheep, and swine are healthy and vigcn-ous, producing as perfect and hardj^ animals as any portion of America.

COAL r.ES(^UKCES. OEXEU.VL HKSCUirriOX OP OOAL.

" Coal," says Professor ]Xewlierry. ■■ is entitled to be considered the nniinspring of our civilization. P>y the ]iower developed in its conduisliou, all the wheels of industry are kt']it in nnition; couinuTce is cari-ii'd on with rajiidity and cei'taint v o\er all i>or- tions (if tlu' earth's .surface : tlie useful metals are broiiiidit t'rom tlu' dcc|) caves in wliicli tliey liaxe hidden themselves, and are |iui'ilicd and wrought to ser\e the iiurposctT of man. Bv coal, nighl is in one sense converted into day. and the life of man, measured by its fruits, is greatly proloi\ged. Wealth, with all

COAL RESOURCES. 301

the comforts, the luxuries, and the triumphs it brings, is its gift. Thougli black, sooty, and often repulsive in its aspects, it is the embodiment of a power more potent than that attributed to the genii in oriental tales. Its possession is, therefore, the highest material boon that can be craved by a community or nation. Coal is also not without its poetry. It has been formed under the stimulus of the sunshine of long past ages, and the light and power it holds are nothing else than such sunshine stored in this black casket, to wait the coming and serve the purposes of man. In the processes of formation it composed the tissues of those strange trees that lifted their scaled trunks and waved their feathery foliage over the murky shores of the carboniferous con- tinent, when not only no man was, but gigantic salamanders and mail-clad fishes were the monarchs of the animated world."

COAL-PRODUCING COUNTRIES.

Coal has been aptly termed the real stable wealth of all man- ufacturing and commercial countries. It is the great agent in the reduction of valuable ores to the various forms and condi- tions needed for the uses of civilized life. According to otficial reports j)ublished in England, the following are the proportions of the area covered with coal to the whole area in the countries named; British Island, 1-10; Belgium, 1-32; France, 1-100; United States, 2-9; Prussia, 1-90 ; British North America, 1-20; Bohemia, 1-20; Sj)ain, 1-52. Since the publication of these reports, discoveries have been niade, especially in our Western States, proving that move than one-fourth of the whole area of the United States is covered with coal. The total annual pro- duction of coal in the United States is about twenty-five million tons, more than six times that of Austria, twice the amount pro- duced in France, and a third more than the annual jjroduct of Prussia. England's annual product is given at one hundred million tons. But she is rapidly using up her mineral treasure, while we have scarcely begun to develop ours.

THE SOURCE OF ENGLAND'S WEALTH.

Of all the nations of Europe, England is the most powerful, because she is the richest, The source of her wealth has been

302 ■ STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

her manufacturing industry, and tlie mainspring of tliis indus- try has been her stores of coal. The jiower developed by the combustion of a pound of coal, is reckoned by engineers as equivalent to 1,500,000 foot pounds. The power exerted by a man of ordinarj' strength, during a day's labor, is about the same ; so that a pound of coal may be regarded as equivalent to a day's labor of a man. Three hundred pounds will thus rep- resent the labor of a man for a year. It is estimated that twenty million tons of the annual coal jjroduct of Cxreat Britain are used to develop motive power. This is equivalent to the labor of one hundred and thirty-three millions of men ; so that the contri- bution made to the wealth of Great Britain, by her annual coal product, may be safely estimated as equal to the labor of one hundred and thirty -three million skilled operatives.

OHIO HAS A LIKE SOURCE OF WEALTH.

Such is the economic value of coal. JS^ow, how stands Ohio in regard to this combustible? Our state geologist. Professor ISTewborry, states that the i^roductive coal area of Ohio, is not less than ten thousand square miles, and is probably nearly one- third of her whole area. It far exceeds the coal-fields possessed by any European nation, excejrt Great Britain, and is quite equal to hers. We have seen the source of England's immense wealth and overshadowing power. We have in Ohio the same source (if wealth and power ; all that is required is to put forth the will- ing hand and develo]! it. As has been said, the annual coal product of Great Britain is one hundred million tons, while that of Ohio, witli as large a coal area, is only about four million tons. The [leople of Ohio have tlius an inexhaustible treasure upon which they have scarcely begun to draw. Eet it be at least uncovered.

LOCATION OF Ohio's che.vt co.vl-fielp. But in what jiortion of the State does this great treasure lie'/' By an examinatidn of the map appended to the tirst report of the (u'oliigical Siir\oy <if Ohio, it will be seen that the entire ciial field of Ohio lies in llie easleni an.l soulju'astern part of the state, lieginiiing at the north with jMahoning county, and evmiualiug with Lawrence eounly at the s.uUli, havinli' the

COAL RESOURCES. 303

counties of Stark, Holmes, Cosliocton, Maakingum, Perry, Hock- ing, Yinton, and Jackson, on its western and southwestern boundar3^ and the Ohio river for its opposite limit. Here is the coal-field of Ohio, equal in extent to that of Great Britain, while from the former is drawn annuallj' only one twenty-fifth part of the amount drawn from the latter.

COLUMBUS AND THE CENTRAL COAL-FIELD.

The geological map also discloses the fact that, viewing this great coal-field in its length fi-om north to south, Columbus is situated directly opposite the center and within two or three hours by rail, not only of that center, but of the best and most productive portion of the entire field. There is no other city so situated that can be at all coiup)ared with it in population, in wealth, enterprise, or resources, and none within a hundred and fifty miles of this great coal center, that has, or is likely to have, leaving out of view the disadvantage of a distant location, the ability to compete with the capital and central city of Ohio.

COAL AND IRON.

In our advanced state of civilization, coal is essential, nay, indispensable for use as fuel for the production of steam and the nianufactu.re of iron. Through its agency, as apjjjlied to these uses, cities in recent times have sprung up, in a day as it were, and become wise and enlightened, rich and powerful. There is nothing to hinder Columbus from becoming one of the greatest of such cities but her neglect or inability to grasp and wield the mighty engine of progress lying at her very door.

It is one of the wise provisions of a bountiful Providence that in this central mining region of which Columbus is the natural outlet and focal point, both coal and iron are found in great and, for aught that is known, in inexhaustible abundance. Thus we have within easy access, and as near as could be wished in order to ajjproach the mineral center in all desirable directions, fronr this city as a focal point, the two great agencies of modern wealth and progress — coal and iron. Of the latter and its con- nection with the interests of our city, we shall sj)eak hereafter. For the present we will present a few facts bearing on a min-

30J: STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

eral, whose development must precede and accompanj- that of iron. The great deposit of coal in the immediate vicinitj- of Columbus, as it were, and easily accessible for mining and trans- ])ortation, and known by various local names, as the "Xelson- ville coal," the "Straitsville coal," the ■■ Sunday Creek coal," the "Upjier K^ew Lexington coal," the "Great Vein coal," the ''Hay- denville coal," the "Lick Eun coal," etc., is described in the Geological Eei)ort, as the

NELSONVILLE OE STRAITSVILLE COAL.

This seam of coal is spoken hy Professor E. B. Andrews, of the Ohio geological corps, as one which will doubtless firove to be the richest in the State. At the time his first report was made, in 1870, of the geological survey of the second district, comj^ris- ing the coal-field in Southeastern Ohio, south of the line of the Central Ohio railroad, he had not found the limits of the hori- zontal range of that coal-seam, either in Muskingum county to the north, or in Athens county to the south. It was everywhere of good working thickness, and over a large area it measured from six to eleven feet. It was found to be thinner in the north, but on Sunda}^ and Monday creeks, in Perry county, it was eleven feet, and on the Hocking, in the vicinitj- of ISTelson- vilie, it Avas seldom less than six feet. The professor had no doubt that it was one continuous seam, as it iiot only held uni- Ibrm relations to the lower rocks, from the Logan sandstone up, but it had, moreover, been traced from hill to hill throuu'hout nearly the whdle distance.

The professdr had yet to trace the seam south of the Hocking hills, between them and the Cincinnati and Marietta railroad, hut knt'W 11 to exliMid to a considerable distance south of ISTel- sonviMe. It dips below the* Hocking river, not far from the mouth of Monday creek, but is reached by shafts at various points as far down the Hocking as Saliua and Chauncev.

TIIlCKfjESS OF THE SEAJt.

Professor Andrews, in his first report, gives some measure- n\cri(,s of tlie seani which are interesting. At Nelsonville and \'icini(y, (lie. coal measured from six feet to six feet four inches

COAL RESOURCES. 3t)5

In Green townshij), Hocking county, near the northwestern outcrop of the seam, the coal was a trifle thinner, measuring in total thickness five feet seven inches. The seam, in its northern and northeastern extension, grew thicker.

At Straitsville, Salt Lick township, Perry county, the seam measured eleven feet. In the same township, the following measurements were found on different farms: nine feet ten inches, eight feet four, and nine feet four inches.

South of Straitsville, on the Snow fork of Monday creek and its tributaries, the coal was everj'where largely developed. The measurements on the lower part of Snow fork showed six feet of coal. Near the head of the east branch, in Salt Lick town- ship, Perry county, the "big seam " was seen largely developed. Jfo measurement was taken, but the coal was claimed to be eleven feet thick. From this point, crossing the high ridge to the northeast, the geologists came down into the west branch of Sunday creek and found coal in the low valley. There it ranged from six to eleven feet in thickness. At Gaver's mill, and on adjacent land, near Coal Dale post-ofBce, Salt Lick town- ship, the seam measured six feet two inches ; half a mile above, the coal was seven feet thick and of an excellent qualitj^.

In Monroe township, Peiry county, on the west branch of Sunday creek, the coal measured eleven feet. The exposure showed a magnificent bodj^ of very superior coal. The coal in this valley generally lies low, but in mining it to the north and northwest, every advantage can be taken of the dip for easy mining and drainage.

On the branch of Sunday creek, running through the south- east section of Pleasant township. Perry county, the coal was found in full thickncsss, measuring at one bank eleven feet two inches, with several clay partings. In this neighborhood the coal lies too low for easy drainage, but the difficulty can be ob- viated. A vast body of coal in the hills to the north can be mined uji the dip from this valley. There is scarcely any limit to the coal, which is rendered accessible by the various branches of Sunday creek in Pleasant, Monroe, and Salt Lick townshijDs. The great body of high lands which constitute the divide be- tween the waters flowing south and those flowing north through

30ti STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

Jonathan's creek into the Moxahala and Muskingum, and west through Rush creek into tlie upper Hocking, is doubtless under- laid ^Yith this coal. Tlie coal-seam constitutes a vast sheet of eleven feet in nuiximum thickness in the south, but gradually growing thinner, to four and five feet, in its northern outcrop along the Zanesville and Cincinnati railroad. Professor An- drews saj's the value of the upper Sunday Creek valley, as a coal-field, can not be overestimated.

Xorth of Straitsville, the higher grounds take the coal. Two and a half miles east of JIaxville, in IMondaj- C'l-eek township. Perry county, the coal measured, to the roof of the entry, seven feet eight inches. To the northeast, the coal extended through the hills, and was seen not far fi-oni Bristol, in Pike township, Peny county. There the thickness was four feet two inches, with the usual partings.

The I^elsonvilleseam of coal, which has been traced into Mus- kingum countv, lias a very extensive range. It had been traced, at the time Professor Andrews' first report was made, over a belt of country forty miles long, and averaging twelve miles wide. To the northwest, the coal rises in the hills and disap- pears. To the east and Sdutheast, it dips below the valleys. The deeper the valleys the greater the southeastern extension of the coal.

Speaking of this seam of coal, which he says has the open- burning character, Professor A'ewberry, chief geologist, speaks of it as the "Ilocking Valley Coal," found fifty or sixty miles southeast of Columbus, and over an area estimated by Professor Andrews, who had carefully studied that district, of not less than six hundred S(piare miles, maintaining a thickness of from six t<i eleven feel, with a remai-kable uniformity and purity of composition.

yi'.vi.iTY OF Tin; eo.vi..

Pi-otessov .\ndi'eAvs,,as well as Professm' Newberry, elasses this coal among the (li-y (.|.en^liuruiug oi- turnaee coals that do not '■"'^'' ■'ii'l •■I'll"''''' ill Ihe iiirn:iee, and can lie used in the raw slate lor Ihe manufacture nl' iioii.

Tlie small ])ercentage ol'asli ; iho unusually complete combus- tion, n-iviiig a fine bhi/,e and little smoke ; the large pevcentao-e

COAL RESOUKCES. 307

of fixed carbon giving great heating power, and the small amount of sulphur to create in combustion unpleasant sulphur- ous fumes, all combine to render tlie coal of this great seam one of the very best known coals for household use. For the gen- eration of steam it is highly esteemed. It has been used in roll- ing mills at Columbus and Marietta with strong approval.

One of the most imj^ortant practical c[uestions connected with this coal is its adaptation to the smelting of iron. It has been seen that the percentage of sulphur is relatively small ; that the ash is small, and that the amount of fixed carbon is large. It is also a dry -burning coal, and can be used in the furnace in the raw state. Where the seam is thickest, six or seven feet of the coal can be obtained, which, in all the cpialifications named, would be remarkably adapted to be used in furnaces in the raw state.

After a careful examination and comparison of the analyses made by Professor AYormley, chemist to the Ohio geological corps, of numerous specimens of this coal from the leading mines in Perry, Hocking, and Athens counties. Professor An- di'ews states his conclusion, in an emjjhatic sentence, which he italicizes, thus :

^^ That the time is not far distant when the coal of this greatest of Ohio coal-seams icill he largely used in the manufacture of iron, there can he little douhf."

The New Straitsville coal has been introduced into the Colum- bus gas-works as a gas-coal. At first thought, the fact that the sulphur in the coal jjasses off with the gas, a tact which fits the coal admirably for furnace use, would seem to militate against the idea of using the coal for gas-making. It is found, how- ever, that the gas possesses such remarkable illuminating power as to more than compensate for the extra expense and trouble of purifying it. The illuminating power of the gas, according to the photometric tests of Professor Wormley, the state inspector of gas, ranges from seventeen to nineteen sjjerm candles, with an average of eighteen candles. The power of the gas from the Youghiogheny coal, the standard gas-coal of the Western States, is, by the same tests, fi-om thirteen to fifteen candles. Mr. G. Douty, the superintendent of the Columbus gas-works, states

i308 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

that by his photometer ho also finds the illuminating power of the New Straitsville gas to be on an average of eighteen can- dles, while the average of that of the Youghiogheny coal is but fourteen candles. The great advantage in brilliancy, added to the comparative cheapness of the coal, will more than counter- balance the other defects of the coal as a gas-coal.

This, in regard to the coal of the gi-eat seam as a gas-making coal, is the result of new investigations briefly referred to in the second geological report, published in 1871. These investigations wei-e made in the New Straitsville region, and wore called for by the building of a branch railroad from Logan to that district, and the opening of several extensive mines, where the seam of coal is from ten to eleven feet thick. The coal from this new mining district had been considerablj' useil in the blast-furnace and in gas-works. Professors Andrews and Wormley visited the mines, and together selected samples of coal to represent the different portions of the seam from roof to floor.

The result of the analysis of these samples, as to the illumi- nating power of the gas, has been already stated. From the same analysis, and a comparison with the furnace coals of England, it was seen that the Straitsville and Xelsonville coals do not contain sulphur enough to injure them for use in the blast-furnace. Pro- fessor Andrews states in his second report, as the result of his re- examination, that there are doubtless areas in the coal-tield where more sulphur will be found, for no seam of coal is every- where free from visible sulphur ; but it can not be doubted that, as a rule, the coal-seam, where it is best developed, in the Hocking Monday Creek, and Sunday Creek valleys, will serve an admi- rable purpose tor iron-nuiking. The fact that the flnest No. 1 foundry iron has been made from this coal, proves conclusivelv tlie capabilities of the coal in this respect.

coKci.rsiON. We may here fitly eoiiclu.le this branch of our subject in the hinguage of Professor Andrews, slightly modified. The o-eo- graphieat situation of Columbus, witli a vast eoalless district%x- londiug north and norliiwest of it for hundreds of miles, its ac- cessibility to this great cal-seaiu of enorm.nis quanti'lv and

COAL RESOURCES. 309

superior quality, and with rare advantages for mining and draining, make our city, as a point for profitable enterprise and investment, worthy the attention of the j)eoplo of the State, and of iron-masters and capitalists everj^where.

COLUMBUS COAL-MINING COMPANIES.

The several coal-mining firms of this city employ 1,145 miners, and have invested in the coal business a capital of §1,466,000. The number of tons of coal mined in 1872, amounted to about one million. This large amount was brought to this city, and a greater portion distributed to different points in this State and the West, and also to Canada.

Peter Hayden. — The mines of Peter Hayden, of this city, are located at Haydenville, Hocking countj', fiftj'-four and a half miles distant from this city. Mr. Hayden's coal- vein is six feet thick. He is represented here lij Charles H. Hay- den, at the Post-oflBce Arcade, and at Nos. 8 and 10 East Broad street.

W. B. & P. S. Brooks.— The mines of W. B. & P. S. Brooks, of this city, are situated at Xelsonville, on the Hocking Valley railroad, distant from this city sixty-two miles. Tlie coal- vein is six feet and three inches in thickness. Mr. Brooks & Son are represented here by themselves in person. Office, corner High and Hich streets.

T. LoNGSTRETH. — The mines of T. Longstreth, of this city, are located at Nelsonville, on the Hocking Valley railroad. His business is represented here by himself, at his office, ISTo. 106 North High street.

Mr. Longstreth's coal-vein is six feet thick.

The Straitsville Mining Company. — This company is represented in this city by D. P. Suydam, No. 2 Ba.st Town street. Their mines are located at New Straitsville, Perry county, on the Hocking Valley Branch road, about sixty-seven miles distant from this city. The thickness of the coal-vein is ten teet and four inches. The lands of the eomjjanj' are said to be also rich in iron ore.

310 STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

E. A. Fitch & Co. — The mines of this firm are situated at ISTelsonville, Straitsville, and Lick Eiin. Their vein of coal is from seven feet to eleven and a half feet in thickness. The firm is represented here by E. A. Fitch and Wm. McCrory, at No. 3 North Iligli street.

The Straitsville Coal and Iron Company. — This company was incorporated May 1, 1869, with a capital stock of §250,000, divided into shares of §100 each. The incorporators were: M. CI. Mitchell, M. B. McClung, S. Baird, A. G. Conover, R. E. Noil, J. C. Knight, Wm. F. Staunton. Officers were elected May 3, 1872, as follows: Directors — "William Dennison, B. E. Smith, W. B. McClung, A. G. Conover, James M. Kinkaid; president, W. B. McClung; secretary and treasurer, Gordon Moodie.

The comjiany's mines are situated at New Straitsville, Periy county, distant from this city sixty-two miles. Their coal vein is eleven feet and a half thick. Their Inisiness oflice in this city is located at 221 North High street. Their representative here is James Patterson, at the Columbus and Cleveland Eailroad freight oflicc.

lEON KESOUECES.

If coal lies at the base of modern civilization and progress, it is iron that rears the superstructure. AVe have read of the iron ago in Roman literature, but ours is justly styled the iron age, because that metal has come into such universal use among civilized men and contributes in so manj* wavs to human ad- vancenient. The extent of its manufacture and the uses to which it is applied, make iron symbolize in the present, as it has in the past, (lie stage to which a nation or community has allaiucd in subduing (he elements of mdure, and making them minister to the pui-poses, the convenience, and the happiness ot man.

Tl\e increased and inere;isiiig m;inurae(ure of iron, and the manitolil uses (o which i( Inis been and is likely to be applied, torni llie great ilist i net ive feature of this latter ]iart of the nine- teenlh century. In some of its innumerable tonus, it helps, gratilies, and blesses all. As it lends a bright color to the blood

COAL RESOURCES. 811

ami imparts vigor to the body and mind of man, so it enters into all the departments of our material life, strengthening, supporting, and embellishing all.

INCREASE IN IRON MANUFACTURE.

It has been clearly established that the development of the iron manufacture is dependent upon the growth of popula- tion and the spread of civilization. In 1855, to go no further back, the annual production of iron in the world had reached about seven million tons, of which Great Britain produced one-half, and the United States one-seventh. The average con- sumption of Great Britain was one hundred and forty-four pounds; of the United States, eighty-four pounds, and of the whole world only seventeen pounds per head of the population. The estimate, liy A. S. Hewitt, a competent authority', for the present year (1872), is that the annual production of the world will be double that of 1855, or reach fourteen million tons, to which Great Britain will contribute one-half, and the United States one-seventh as before. In the meantime the consumption in England has risen to two hundred pounds; in the United States to one hundred and titty pounds, and in the whole world, to thirty pounds per head.

As the last seventeen years have doubled, it is safe to esti- mate that the next seventeen will double the world's annual production of iron, so that in 1889 it will amount to twenty- eight million tons. vShould Great Britain continue, as hereto- fore, to supply one-half of the annual product, there will remain fourteen million tons to be made by the rest of the world. The bulk of this additional product can only be sui^plied by the United States. As the resources of this country for the manu- facture of iron have hardly begun to be developed, and as Great Britain can not possibly maintain her rate of increase, owing to the limits of labor and raw material that she must soon reach, it is argued by Mr. Hewitt, who has devoted both time and ability to the careful study of tlie subject, that such will be the increased demand for iron, and such the development of the means for its cheap and rapid production in this country, tliat

:J12 studer's columbus, ohio.

wo shall annually produce ten million, and probably fifteen mil- lion tons before the close of the present century.

" This means," says Mr. Hewitt, '■ that twenty-five million to forty million tons of iron ore shall be annually extracted from our mines, and that our coal jjroduction will reach one hundred million tons per annum, required for iron and other branches of industrj'. It means that an investment of capital to the am.ouiit of five hundred million dollars at least, and probably one thou- sand million, shall be made in oj^ening mines, erecting works, and supplying the requisite machinery of jiroduction."

SHAI.L OHIO SHAKE IN THE IRON' MANUFACTURE?

The question presents itself: Shall Ohio, already rivaling, or about soon to rival the most advanced of her sister States in many other productions, take her share in this great iron in- terest? She may not be so richly endowed as some other parts of our common country in iron ores, but she has a tair jJortion of these, and has the means in her hands to supply any defi- ciency. She has an inexhaustible coal-field, so easily worked and so situated that the richer crystalline ores found in other States must inevitably be brought within her borders to be smelted and manufactured. ''It is certain," says our state geol- ogist, " that nowhere can an abundant supply of mineral fuel suitable for smelting the Lake Superior ores be so cheaply ob- tained as in Ohio."

But we are told by the authority just quoted that in the varie- ties of iron ore usually found associated with coal. Ohio is richer than any of those States that share with her the great Alleghany coal-basin. Her iron district is in the main identical with her great coal-field, antl, like the latter, includes the eastern and southeastern jiart of the State.

C(iT,r:\inrs as .\n iron city.

C'olunilius is situaled, in reganl to the iron territorv of Ohio, |)i-eciscly as she is in respcel lo ihe eoal-licld. For both, she is I lie natural outlet and point of concentration. There is no other city in the State possessing such unequaled facilities and such natural advantages for becoming the great iron-]irotlucin!:; and

IRON RESOURCES. 313

commercial city of the West. The rich agricultural territory that surrounds her, the manufactures of textiles and fabrics that will inevitably spring uji when required, and her capacity for expanding her limits, and for building houses and other struc- tures to any extent desired, will enable her to sustain a popula- tion equal to that of any city in the Union, and afford ample room for all the processes of manufacturing industry, and the en- terprises of trade and commerce. Already the iron manufac- ture has ojiened up in our city with the fairest prosijects of suc- cess. Capital will flow in, and the infant manufacture will soon be increased a hundred-fold ; our population will be doubled, trebled, and quadrupled, and our prosperity be placed on a secure and immovable basis, as soon as our advantages, present and prospective, in respect to coal and iron, are under- stood. Once fairly started in the iron manufacture and trade, success is certain.

From Columbus, as a center, railroads now radiate and others will soon radiate, penetrating the great mining region at all de- sirable points, and atfording for its rich products cheap and quick transportation. Besides, railroads are in operation, and others will be shortly, that will bring to our city such iron ores from the West and JSTorthwest as may be desired to use with the native ores of Ohio for the manu.fiicture of the finer grades of malleable iron and steel. Such are some of the advantages for the transportation of ores and fuel that Columbus oft'ers to the iron-master and the capitalist.

We have already spoken of the rich and apparently inex- haustible coal strata lying at the very threshold of Columbus. It is now in order to detail briefly the iron ores lying in similar close proximity to a city destined to be the greatest iron mart west of the Alleghanies.

THE VARIETIES OF IRON".

In the great coal and iron district of Ohio, according to Pro- fessor Newberry, are found all the varieties of iron that are ever associated with coal — blackband, kidney ore, stratified ore, or, as it is termed, black ore, and, in less abundance, brown hema- tite, (he hydrated peroxide of iron, Blackband is a bituminous

314 STUDEe's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

shale, taking its name from its sti'atification and black color. In its natural condition it contains from twenty to thirty per cent, of iron, but, by burning off the carbon, it becomes much richer. It smelts with great facility, making very fusible iron, and such as is e,si:)ecially adapted to foundry purposes.

The kidney ore — an earthy carbonate of iron — generally forms balls or excretions, lying in the shales of the coal forma- tion. When these shales have been extensively eroded, the ore is cheaply mined by "stripping," and was the main dependence of most of our furnaces previous to the introduction of the crys- talline ores. The yield of the kidney ore in the furnace averages about thirty-three per cent., or three tons of ore will make one of iron. This ore is found in greater or less abundance in every county included within the coal area.

The "black" ores of the coal-measures vary very m.uch in jiurity and abundance in different localities. They are gener- ally strata of limestone charged with iron. In the southern por- tion of the State, ore of this character forms a large number of distinct beds, from two to six feet in thickness, and constitutes the principal source of sujiply to some fifty furnaces now in blast in that district.

In certain localities some of these stratified iron ores, near their outcrops, are changed from their original condition, have lost their carbonic acid, and have been converted into brown hen\atites. The average richness of the stratified ores may be said to be about the same as that of the kidney ores — thirty-five jier cent, of metallic iron. The iron furnished by some of them is of very su]ierior (piality, as is proved by the reputation of the celebrated Hanging Ivock iron made from these ores. Prob- ably nowhere in the world are the ores of the coal-measures so rich and excellent as in the iron district of Southern Ohio.

Such is substantially the general view ol' the lield presented by the chief of vuv geological corps. We will now look at some of the leading fads detailed by the geologist of the second dis- trict., emliracing the mineral region south of the line of the Oentral C'hio railroad.

IRON RESOURCES. 315

IRON ORE ABOVE THE NELSONVILLE COAL.

According to Professor Andrews, it ia impossible to make a section of the lower strata of the productive coal-measures, at any place in the field named above, without disclosing more or less iron ore. There are a few distinct and well-defined horizons in which the ore is almost always seen. Beginning at the base of the coal-measures, ore was found at a few points below the Maxville limestone. The best development was seen in section sixteen, Madison townshij). Perry county, where, upon the top of the Logan sandstone group, were seen nodules of siderite iron (carbonate of iron) in clay, measuring from four to eight inches thick, and overlaid by sandy shale.

On the top of the Maxville limestone, iron ore was seen at several points. In the locality just named, this ore was found from four to eight inches thick. A sample of this ore, analyzed by Professor Wormley, gives interesting results. It contains 4.30 per cent, of manganese. iSTo alumine was found, which is re- markable for a coal-measure ore, and one overlaid by shale con- taining much clay. Of 8ulj)hur and phosphorus it contains only a trace. The percentage of metallic iron, 38.87, added to the unusual purity, makes this a desirable ore for iron-making.

The lower ores were found sweeping through the northern half of Perry county; but there was great difficulty in finding such exposures of the rocks as would enable the geologists to determine their exact stratigraphical position. IN'ear Wolfe station, on the Zanesville and Cincinnati railroad, one of these layers of ore was somewhat largely mined and sent to a furnace in Zanesville. North of this, in the Somerset region, excellent ores were found. The report adds, that should a railroad be built through that part of the county, these ores could be profit- ably mined and sent to furnaces.

Between forty and fifty feet above the level of the Maxville' limestone is a well-marked horizon of ore. The ore is seen directly behind the old Hocking furnace, at Haydouville, Green township, Hocking county, where the quality is good, but it adheres firmly to the sandstone below it. Where it could bo removed from the stone it has been used in the furnace.

316 STUDBR's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

On the bank of Monday croek, Salt Lick township, Perry county, this ore is well seen. Here there are three or four layers. Of samples analyzed by Professor Wormley, one yielded ■il.37 per cent, of metallic iron, and another 37.50 per cent. On land, near Maxville, Monday Creek township, Perry county, a compact iron ore was found in thin layers, the Avholc measuring sixteen inches. Higher in the series, 'ore in considerable quan- tity was found in Salt Lick townshij), lying in layers of nodules in blue clay. Analysis showed the metallic iron to be 27. Oi per cent.

ISTowhere did the geologists find so persistent a horizon of ore as that found a few feet below the great coal-seam. Scarcely anywhere was a section made of this part of the vertical range of strata without the discovery of this ore. It is in nodules, often small, but sometimes very large and heavy. The ore is siderite or carbonate of iron, and yields 31.50 per cent, of metallic iron.

The strata of rocks lying above the horizon of the great Xel- sonville coal-seam, though apparently, from the hasty and in- complete explorations yet made, less jjromising in iron ore than those below it, will doubtless be found upon further and closer research, rich in that metal. We select from the geological report of 1870 a few instances in proof;

" On the head-waters of Sunday creek, there were seen at one place, where the shales were not cut away by the heavy sand- rock, two lines of small blue kidneys of blue carbonate or siderite, one three and the other four inches thick. At one place, near Millerstown, Perry county, a deposit of five inches of blue car- bonate of iron was seen, four feet below the middle or ISf orris coal. Fifteen feet above the same coal was quite a persistent deposit of ore of the limonite (^browu hematite') class. This could bo traced through all the hills to New Lexington, where it is found in its proper place, above the U2:)per New Lexington coal, which is the e(]uivalent of the great seam of Suiulav creek. It measured ill (iiie |)laci' lliii'teeu inches in lliiclciu'ss. A few kidneys fr(in\ three to lour inches thick \\ ere tlug oul of the layei', which were rich in iron. One of them, analyzed by Pro-

IRON RESOURCES. 317

fessor Worraley, was found to contain 43. OG per cent, of metallic iron. Forty feet above this ore, or about fourteen feet above the upper or '' Stallsniitli '' seam of coal, is a deposit, apf)arentlj- in very lai'ge nodule.s, of an earthjr blue carbonate of iron or siderite. On a farm near Millerstown, a nodule measured two feet in tluckness. On another fiirin in the same neighborhood, the same earthy blue carbonate of iron was seen, grouped in three laj'ers of nodules, measuring respectively thirteen, four- teen, and six inches, making in all thirty -three inches. Samples yielded on analysis 26.12 and 23.78 per cent, of metallic iron.

QUALITY OP THE ORE.

For the purpose of general comparison. Professor Andrews gives, from Bauerman's Metallurgj' of Iron, the average richness of the ores used in the famous Cleveland district in England. Tills average, for four samples from different localities, is 35.79 per cent., while the average for six sample.s from our coal-field is 3G.37 per cent. In this number is included one sample of ore taken from above the great seam of coal on Sunday creek. In freedom from the deleterious element — phosphoric acid — he pro- nounces the Ohio ores far superior. The Cleveland ores give an average of 1.905 per cent of phosphoric acid, while of the tive samples, thoroughly analyzed, from our coal-field, one yielded 0.18 per cent., two gave a mere chemical trace, and two con- tained none whatever. The amount of sulphur in our ores is small, not being found at all in some samples, and in others much of what is found will be moved in roasting the ore.

THE HANGING ROCK IRON DISTRICT.

That portion of the great iron and coal-field of Ohio, south of the Hocking river, is universally known as the "Hanging Eock Iron District," and has long been celebrated for the remarkably fine iron it produces. It abounds in coal and iron ore of excellent quality. The ores hitherto used have been chiefly the native ores of the hydrated scsquioxide or liraonite group. The dis- trict is distinguished for its furnaces. The first furnace in the Hanging Eock district was erected by Messrs. Sparks, Mears &

318 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

Pair, in 1821!. It was called the Union Furnace, and was situ- ated about four miles back from the present village of Hanging Rock, in Lawrences count)'. It is reported that it went into blast in 1S27, and that the first fire in it was kindled by Thomas W. Mears, now the senior i^artner of the firm of Mears, Kyle & Co., of the Ohio Furnace, Scioto county. That fire was kindled to some purpose, for Mr. Mears has lived to see nearly fifty fur- naces in the Hanging Rock iron district.

HANGING ROCK FURNACES.

The geological report of 1870 contains a list of forty-three furnaces in the district, of which two were in Hocking county: six in Vinton, twelve in Jackson, one in Gallia, fifteen in Law- rence, and seven in Scioto count}'. Of these furnaces, thirty- eight used charcoal, and five used liituminous coal. The fijllow- ing interesting statistics appear in the same report:

Amount of charcoal pig-iron made by 38 fur- naces during 1869, abo'ut ." 90.000 tons.

Amount of iron made by bituminous coal 10,000

Total 100.000 "

Amount of native ore used, about 200,000 '•

Missouri and Lake Superior ores 15,000

Total 275,000 "

Amount of limestone used, about 15,000 "

Number of bushels of bituminous coal used in

smelting ores for pig-iron 1,400,000

It will be observed that the greater part of the furnaces in the Hanging Eoek district are rcpiU'ted as using charcoal in the smelting of iron ores. It is evident that the manufacture of iron in this way must ra]iidly dimi\iish i'ov the want of timber, while the demand for iron will continue to increase. This will necessitate the use of the coal which underlies the central ]i(n-- tion of tile Ohio coal and iron I'egion. liy (he use of that coal, iron is now produced e(|ual to that nuiile \\itli the Ib'ier Hill and other block- and splint eoals. and both scientific autliorit\- ami in-aetical exiierience Justily the belief that iron can be smelted

IRON RESOURCES. 319

by the use of coal from the great seam pervading the coal-field nearest to Columbus, equal to the metal produced at charcoal furnaces.

INCREASINCt DEMAND FOR IRON.

Wo have shown elsewhere the great increase, within a few years, of the manufacture and consumption of iron. But the demand for consumption f:\r outruns the increased manufacture. This is proved by the fsact attested by the best current authori- ties on the subject, in this country and England, that the price of iron has of late enormously increased, and is still rising. This of course enhances, in a correspondieg ratio, the prices of the various kinds of hardware, including iron and steel, in all their forms and applications, from a cambric needle to an iron- clad man-of-war.

Still, so many and varied are the purposes to which iron is applied, and is likelj^ to be ai^plicd, in addition to its uses here- tofore, that the consumption, instead of diminishing with the increase of prices, is steadily enlarging, and, the demand is daily becoming more and more imperative. Iron-mastei's refuse to fill orders for future delivery, on long time, except at rates that shall be then current. They are said in England, vScotland, and Wales to be absolutely bare of stock, and to have more orders to fill at the highest rates of quotation than can be com- plied with in sis months to come. Buyers from all j^arts of the world are in the manufacturing districts trying to place orders for immediate delivery, and are often unable to do so at any price. This condition, in a country that manufactures half the iron consumed in the whole world, proves conclusively that the iron supply has failed to respond to the demand. Probably there is not now any business in which capital, industrj^, and skill would meet with such sure and ample reward as in the manufacture of iron. Beyond a doubt, a careful and candid in- cj^uiry into the facts will satisfy any intelligent and unprejudiced business man that no place possesses greater advantages than Columbus, and few can firesent equal facilities and inducements for the investment of capital and enterprise in the iron manu- facture and trade.

,,fiiil;||Jii';iiri'!'l!'i;' I'll pH |A'ilfl||li

STATE BUILDINUS AND INSTITUTIONS. 321

CHAPTER XIV.

STATE BUILDII^GS AND INSTITUTIONS. THE OLD STATE-HOUSE.

Pursuant to their contract with tlie State, the tliree original proprietors of Columbus — Kerr, McLaughlin, and Starling — under the superintendence of William Ludlow, the director or agent appointed by the legislature for the purpose, erected a State-house on the southwest corner of the Public or State-house Square. Tlie excavation for the foundation was made in 1813, and the building was finished the following year. The free- stone for the foundation and for the window and door-sills were brought on wagons from Black Lick, twelve or fourteen miles east of the city, through swamps and deej) mud. The brick were in jiart made out of the mound that in those early times reared its graceful form on the high ground near the intersection of High and Mound streets.

The State-house was built of brick, and extended seventy -five feet north and south along High street, and fifty feet east and west along State street. It was two stories high, with a square roof ascending to a balcony in the center, whence rose a spire one hundred and six feet from the ground. Above the balcony hung a well-toned bell, whose clear ringing sounds were heard in the winter season, calling the peojjle's representatives to their duties in the legislative halls. On two sides of the balcony were protected walks, affording a fine view of the young capital and its surroundings.

The foundation of the building was of dressed stone raised to the height of two feet, and there also was a belt of dressed stone on tlie outer side of the walls at the top of the first story. The principal entrance-door was in tlie center of the south front, facing on State street. Proceeding directly forward through a small entrance-hall, the visitor encountered a door oj^posite the south front door. The former opened into the hall of the House

322 stiider's oolumbus, ohio.

of EoprcsontativeB, appended to which were two committee- rooms and a gallerj'. From the entrance-hall there Avere stairs on the left leading to the gallerj' of the Eejiresentatives' Hall, and on the right leading to the Senate chamber in the second story, having two committee-rooms, but no gallery. On the west front there was an entrance-door opening directly into the hall of the House from High street. A door on the east side of this hall opened into the wood-j-ard — for we arc speaking of times anterior to tlie coal-buruing epoch. The legislative halls were warmed with great wood-fires built and kept glowing in the s^jacious fire-places ornamented with huge brass-topped and- irons.

There was no marble used in the construction of our primitive capital. The large wooden columns were handsomely turned, and painted in imitation of clouded marble. Over the west door there was built into the wall a neatlj' dressed stone slab, presenting a surface of five feet hj two and a half and bearing the following inscrij^tion :

" Equality of right is nature's plan. And following nature is the march of man ; Based on its rock of right your empire lies. On walls of wisdom let the fabric rise. Preserve your principles, their force unfold, Let nations prove them, and let kings behold. EqvalUy your first firm grounded stand. Then free elections, then yinir union band ; This holy triad should forever shine. The great compendium of all rights divine, (^reetl of all schools, whence youths by millions draw 'flieir theme of right, their decalogue of law. Till jnan shall wonder (\\\ these schools inured) How wars were made, how tyrants were endured."

— Barlow.

In conneclion with this inseri]ition, an amusing anecdote is (old rehiliiig (o Jlr, Ludlow, the stale superintendent in the (■(iiistruelioii of the public buildings, lie was a staunch Lemo- eral (it (he old sclioul, with a rodied dislike to the use of the AVdi'd '■ federal," e.\ee[it as the name of the opposing political paily. In the quotation fi-om Barlow oecurred the words " ted- eral band." 'I'he workmen, following the cop}- in the book, had

STATE BUII,DINGS AND INSTITUTIONS.

engraved these words before Mr. Ludlow's attention was called to the expression. Though the <>hieetionable phrase in the pas- sage from Barlow could be construed only to signify the union of the States, Mr. Ludlow could not bear to sec it stand so prom- inently on the front of the new Capitol of Ohio. Ho caused the letters cut in the stone to spell the word " federal " to be filled up, and the word " union " to be inserted in its stead. The original phrase, " federal band," then read " union band." In the latter years of the existence of the State-house, the cement or com- position covering the obnoxious word crumbled and fell off, and

the word " federal " reajipeared.

There was another stone of about the same size over the south

door, with a quotation in verse of similar length and character,

from the same author. From some cause there is no record of

this inscription, and it can not bo given.

Mr. Ludlow also caused a smaller stone to be placed over the

east door with an inscription of his own. It read thus :

" General good, the object of legislation. Perfected by a knowledge of man's wants And nature's abounding means applied. Establishing principles opyjosed to monopoly."

— Ludloic.

DESTROYED BY FIRE.

The old State-house, after having rendered legislative service for thirty-five years, met an unexpected doom. Early on Sunday morning, February 1, 1852, it was consumed hj fire. The fire was first discovered by the watch, on the floor in the center of the Senate chamber. It was nearly extinguished, when it was dis- covered that the timbers above were on fire. Thereof was soon burned through, and the entire belfrj^ was enveloped in flames. The city fire-engineer could not reach the fire with water from his hose. Citizens and strangers, spectators of the scene, came to the conclusion that the venerable edifice, which had in its time been the theater of patriotism and zeal for the public good, as well as of caucusing and " log-rolling," was doomed to inevitable destruction. The belfiy, burning brilliantly, cast a lurid light on that Sabbath morning sky. It was said that, as the frame

324 studer's columbds, ohio.

of tho belfry swayed to and fro, the clear-toned old bell rang out a brief jjarting- requiem, and the structure fell with a crash upon tho floor of the Senate chamber. Then, the roof gradually fall- ing- ill, the u])per story was soon wrapped in ^vreathing flames. In vain were strenuous efforts made to confine the fire to the Seiiafe eliamber and the upper story. The mass of burning mutter was too great to be extinguished with the appliances at hand. The flames soon reached the hall of the House of Eepre- sentatives, and the entire wood-work of the building was soon consumed. Nothing was to be seen that day of the jjride of Columbus when she was a little " borough,'' but bare and black- ened walls.

In a few days after the fire, the following ajJiu-opriate dirge, composed by John M. Denig, of Columlius, apjieared in one of the city papers :

DIROE OF THE .STATE-nOrSE BELL.

Cnhiinbus, farewell! no more shall you hear

ily voice, so fiuniliar for many a year —

Those musical sounds which you recognized well,

As tlie clear-sounding tones of your State-house bell.

Ere tho red man had gone, I was mounted on high. When the wide-spreauing forest which greeted mine eye, Gave forth from its thickets the panther's wild yell. As he heard the strange sounds of j-our State-house boll.

Unaccompanied, unanswered, I sounded alone, And mingled my chime with its echo's deep tone; Till spire after spire, rising round me, did swell Their response to the sound of your State-house bell.

I called you together to make yourselves laws. And daily my voice was lor every good cause; When a\ight of importance or strange was to tell, You were summoned full soon by your State-liouso bell.

As a sentinel, placed on tho watch-tower's height, ColuiiituH, 1 ve w.alched ihro by day and by night — 'riiougli sluiiili'riiin' um'onscious, when danger befell. You \\'ere rnu^cd by the clang of your State-house bell.

Hut while I watched o'er you, the t''ire King came, And envcloiied my tower in his mantle of flame; Yet, true to my calling, my funeral knell

Was toUeil, on'lhat night, iiy your State-house bell.

STATE BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS. 325

Your sons of the engine and hose, ever brave, And prompt at my call, quickly hastened to save; But alas ! their best efforts were fruitless to quell The flame that rose over your State-house bell.

When my cupola trembled, I strove but to sound One peal of farewell to your thousands around ; But you lost, as 'midst timbers and cinders I fell. The last smothered tone of your State-house bell.

It does not appear that the origin of the fire was ever satis- fiictorily ascertained. After it was discovered, the desks, chairs, and furniture in the hall of the House were removed, but very little property was rescued from the Senate chamber. The papers of the clerks were saved, but a large mass of documents perished with the building. In the ensuing spring, the brick walls and stone foundations of the burnt structure were removed, and the high board-fence was extended so as to fill the space thus made vacant, and completely inclose the square.

During the residue of the session, the House of Eepresentatives met in Neil's Odeon Hall, and the Senate in the United States court-house. In the session of 1853, the House again met in the Odeon Hall, and the Senate in Ambos Hall. At the next session, in 1854, the same halls were occupied. In 1855, there was no session of the legislatvire. It is the only year that has passed since the organization of the State, without a legislative session, although our present state constitution provides for bien- nial sessions only. In 1856, the Odeon and Ambos Halls were again occupied. In 1857, tlic Senate and House of Eej)resenta- tives met, for the first time, in their respective halls in the new State-house.

THE OLD STATE OFFICES.

The original proprietors of Columbus, according to their con- tract with the State, erected in 1815, under the superintendence of William Ludlow, the state agent, a two-story brick building, twenty -five feet by one hundred and fifty, fronting on High street. It stood on the Public Square, in a direct line with the State-house, and about sixty feet therefrom. It was intended for the State oflicea. The foundation was of rough stone, and there was a belt of dressed stone around the walls at the toi> of

326 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

the first story. It had a common comb-roof of jointed shingles. The main entrance-door was in the center of the front on High street. Besides tliis, there were three other front doors — one toward tlae north end into the oitice of the secretary of state, and two toward the south end into the state auditor's oiflce, one of wliich was, however, kej^t closed. These two front doors in the south side injured the appearance of the buildina; when viewed from the street. The center front door opened into an entrance hall, on the left of which was the governor's oifice, and on the right the office of the state treasurer. From the entrance-hall, and directly opposite the front door, a winding stairway led to the second story. This was appropriated 23rincip)ally to the State library, though it was used in early times for the offices of the quartermaster and adjutant-general, and occasionally for other public offices. The building was taken down and removed in the spring of 1857, preparatory to the grading of the Public Square.

THE PUBLIC SQUARE.

The ten-acre lot bounded on the north by Broad street, on the east by Third, on the south by State, and on the west by High street, and called the Public or State-house Scjuare, and some- times the State-house yard, was originally inclosed by a rough rail-fence. It was then farmed for some years by Judge Pike, after which it lay in common until 1844. when it was inclosed by Jonathan Necreamer, by a neat and substantial fence, Avith cedar posts and handsome palings painted white. This was done under the direction of Alfred Kelley, then agent for the State. About the same time Mr. .Ivelley caused elm trees to be removed li-oni their native forest and planted on the north, east, and south of the square. Their trunks Avere then from four to six inches in diameter. These trees were taken up from the frozen ground, so that large (pmntities of earth adhered to the roots. These roots with the adhering earth were set in large holes, and the greater portion of the trees lived and grew. Twenty-one of these trees are still standing — seven on the north, eioirt on the east, aiul six on the south side ot the square. Thev aft'ord a delightful shade, and are noble mementos of the past.

Mr. Ni>eroamei''s neat paled tenee was removed in the sprint-

STATE BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS. 327

of 1839. The square was then inclosed by an unsightly rough board-fence, about twelve feet high, erected in order to form a kind of prison for the convicts ft-om the penitentiary, who were employed within in dressing stone for the new State-house.

A substantial iron fence, set in heavj' freestone base, was completed in 1857, along the west side of the square, and on the north and south sides, half the distance from the western to the eastern side. The fence inclosing the other half of the square is of wood. In the iron fence, on each side, except the eastern, are iron gates, between massive symmetrical stone pillars, for the entrance of carriages and pedestrians.

Frequent attempts were made to induce the legislature to ex- tend the fence so as to inclose the other half of the square, but without success. Among other objections to its extension, it was urged that the fence was not only too heavy and massive, but that it was so high as to obstruct the view and greatly injure the appearance of the capitol as seen from the street. After much discussion and j^ersistent agitation of the subject, the legis- lature, at the last session (1871), appropriated §18,000 to pro- cure and put up around the State-house grounds a new fence, to be done under the direction of the comptroller of the treasury, with the advice and consent of the governor and treasurer of state.

A design for the new fence, made by Fred. Krumm, has been adopted, and a contract entered into with L. Schaeffer & Son, of Springfield, Ohio, to build the same, at $21,119.30, which exceeds the amount appropriated by $3,119.30.

In accordance with the new plan for the fence, gates will be placed at all the corners of the square, necessitating additional walks.

The State-house square comprises ten acres. It has a consid- erable elevation above the Scioto, and forms a handsome plateau, with a gradual eastern slope. "With earth taken chiefly from the canal and river, it has been raised in the center from four to six feet. It has been so graded as to form a gentle descent from that jioint in all directions.

The square has been laid off in plats, graded and rolled, form- ing l.icautiful lawns of grass and shrubbery. Broad walks and

328 STUDER S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

carriage-ways encircle the capital and marli off tlie different plats. The credit of laying off the walks and carriage-ways, and ornamenting the grounds, belongs to John Clusker, of Cin- cinnati, whose plan was selected from several others presented for competition. The general idea carried out in the planting of trees and shrubbery, contemplates a pleasing variety of ever- greens, deciduous trees, and shrubbery, so arranged in groups as to afford unobstructed views of the capitol, and at the same time gratify the taste for natural order and beaiity.

THE ARTESIAN WELL.

The first boring for an Artesian well in the State-house yard was commenced July 23, 1857, under the direction of John Steel, of Meigs county, who had bored several wells at Pomeroy and in that vicinity. The first boring did not touch the rock, and the quicksand coming in, a boiler-flue, forced down, bent and broke, and a wrought-iron pij^e inside of that, forced down the hole, also broke. As the quicksand could not be tubed out, the well, after it had reached a depth of 110 feet, with water rising within 22 feet of the surface, was abandoned. We quote from Professor W. W. Mathers' report :

"The second well was tubed down with cast-iron piping, 6 inch interior diameter, 54 feet. The boring then continued to the rock, 122 feet. Wrought-iron pipe of smaller size was forced down, but broke at the sec- ond joint from the lower end. The pipe was withdrawn, and a pump let. down, when the well was found to be clear of obstruction to the rock. The rimmer was then sent down, and went freely till at the depth of 100 feet it began to rub. The pump was then sent down. The well had become tilled with sand and gravel 66 feet, and after prolonged labor, it was as- certained that the sand run into the well as fast as it could he taken out. This was on the 21st of October, 1857. The 6-inch tubing was then drawn up, and they commenced digging a pit and cribbing down with circular cribbing, which was continued 15 feet. A boiler-flue was then forced down on the 29lh and 30th of October, and a part of the broken pipe, removed. They continued sinking tlie boiler-flue, and removing the broken pipe till November 3, when the well again filled up 20 feet with quicksand, and on the 4th of November, as they could not keep out the quicksand, this boring was abandoned.

" A contract was made, November 4th, with Mr. Fleming Spangler, to bore a new well, with the understanding that he was to tube it into the rock within eighteen or twenty days, or receive no p<iy."

The third well was commoncod liy sinking a pit and cribbing

STATE BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS. 329

it down with circailar cribbing. On the 12th of December, Mr. Spangler had bored to the dejith of 141 feet, and sank a four- inch wronght-iron tube inside a six-inch cast-iron one, to the depth of 130 feet, Avith seven feet of it in the rock, so as eifect- ually to exclu.de the quicksand. On the 14th, at the depth of 149 feet, he struck a vein of water that washed away all the borings, and continued to do so for nearly 100 feet below. On the 31st of January, 1858, ho had penetrated the limestone rock 248 feet, at a depth of 271 feet from the surface. He then con- tracted to bore to the depth of 1,000 feet from the surface at 81.50 per foot. On December 11, 1858, the well Avas 1,858 feet deep. Much time was then spent in rimming it out to a larger size, so that it could be bored deeper.

On the 11th of April, 1859, at the depth of 1,958 feet, the work was interrupted by slate crumbling from the sides of the well, and collecting at the bottom faster than it could be removed by the pump. To remedy this tlie bore was enlarged for tubing 76 feet further — to the depth of 1,636 feet. The boring was not resumed until June 11. After it had eontinued six days, another interrujjtion occurred from the same cause, showing that the tubing was not deep enough. The bore was enlarged to the deirth of 1,696 feet, which was reached on the 5th day of July, when the bit and the sinker became fastened by the falling slate, and a pole broke in two, leaving the sinker, the bit, and two poles 1,600 below the surface. Thirteen days were spent in efforts to remove them, which were crowned with success on the ISth of July.

The boring was resumed on the 22d of July, and continued till October 16, when a depth of 2,340 feet was reached. It was then discontinued under the impression that the legislative appro- ju'iation was exhausted. The work was resumed on the 7th of May, 1860, and the well, on the 1st of October, was 2,775 feet deep, or 125 feet over half a mile. The appropriation being nearly exhausted, the boring ceased at that point, and no more money being appropriated to dig deeper, it ceased finallj'.

In a brief report, dated November 1, 1860, Professor J. S. Newberiy, now chief state geologist, states the result of his ex- amination of the record kept of the State-house well, aiul tlie

330 STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

series of borings taken from the difPcrent strata passed through. He gives the following geological section of the strata pene- trated hy the well:

Character of rocks: No. 1 — 12.3 feet thick; claj', sand, and gravel. No. 2 — 1.5 feet; dark, bituminous shale. No. 3 — 626, drab and graj^ limestone, with bands of chert; sandy above, darker and argillaceous below. No. 4 — 162, red, brown, and gray shales and marls. No. 5 — 1058, greenish calcareous shale. No. 6 — 475, light-drab, sandy magnesian limestones. No. 7 — 316 feet, "white sand-roek " (calcareous).

Their probable geological equivalents: No. 1 — Alluvial and drift deposits. No. 2 — Base of Hamilton group. No. 3 — Cliff limestone of Ohio ; upjjer and lower Helderberg, and Niagara .groups of New York. No. 4 — Clinton group. Medina sandstone. No. 5 — Hudson river group. Trenton bird's-eye. Black river, and Chazy limestone. No. 0 — Calciferous sandstone of New York, magnesian limestone group of Missouri. No. 7 — Potsdam sand- stone.

No. 1 is classified with the drift de]-)osits: No. 2. and the upper part of No. 3, with Devonian, and the lower part of No. 3. and all No. 4, with the upper Silurian, and Nos. 5, 6, and 7 with the lower Silurian.

To the question whether water would be procured by going to a greater depth, the professor says it is impossible to give a very encouraging answer. In case it should happen that a stratum were penetrated at a greater depth, from which water would flow over the surface, that water would certainly be too highly saline, perhaps ])osses.siTig valuable medicinal qualities, but probably not good "drinking water."

Should water be ]n-ocured from a point below where the boring ceased, it would be nearly "blood warm," as proved bv the experiments of Professor T. C. Wonnley. with the following result given in liis own words:

"A W.nlilertin's tliennonieter. ]ilaced in a glass tube tilled \Yilli water, and (liis iiu-losod in a strong iron ease, also tilled Willi \v:iUt, was lowrred lo tlio dvptli of 2,475 feet, wlu're it re- mained I'or twenty-live hours. It was then sunk to the botunu oi' the well, a dei)lh of 2,575 feet, where it remained for forty

STATE BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS. 331

minutes. Upon the withdvaAval of the instruments, it was found to have registered 88° F. Assuming tliis to be the temperature of tlie bottom of the well, and also assuming as correct data that the temperature is uniformly 53° F. at a depth of ninety feet, we have an increase of 10° F. for every seventy-one feet."

Professor jSTewberry adds that the same rate of increase would give for the final depth to which the well was sunk (2,775 feet from the surface) a temperature of about 91°.

THE PRESENT STATE-HOUSE.

The capitol of Ohio stands in the center of the public square, dedicated as its site in the original plat of Columbus. It is a grand and attractive edifice, of great solidity and magnitude! and Doric in its style of architecture. It is admitted to be the most imposing State capitol in the Union. It covers about two acres of ground, and is a bold and noble structure, of durable materials and tine proportions. It is built of beautiful gray limestone, obtained from a quarrj" on tljc east side of the Scioto river, about three miles from Columbus. The foundation of the building is sunk from six to ten feet below the surface of the "round to a bed of a-ravel, which is covered with a concrete of broken stone, cement, and mortar. The foundation walls at the angles are fifteen feet thick; the other parts are twelve feet thick. The total cost of the State-house and grounds, up to November 15, 1861, when the structure was considered about complete, was 81,359,121. The time consumed in building it after deducting the intervals during which work upon it was suspended, was about fifteen years. The following are the dimensions of the building :

DIMENSIONS, ETC.

The capitol in its greatest length stands N. 12° W. with the streets of

Columbus. It presents four fronts, with colonadcs, and is 184 ft. wide bj' 304 ft. long.

Tlie east and west steps are 20.1 " 117 "

The north and south steps are 20J " 57 "

The broad terrace, from tlie east portico, is 73 " 2091 "

The terrace on all other sides of the house is 18 feet wide.

From the west steps to the front gates, the distance is 217 feet.

From the east steps to the front gates, the distance is 140 "

F rom the N. and K. steps to the front gates, the distance is 158 "

332 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

Tho portico on the west front is 15 ft. 4 in. deep by 122 feet long.

The portico on the east front is 15 ft. 4 in. deep by 120 "

The portico on tho N.and S. sides are each.. 14 ft. 4 in. deep by 57i " Eight columns on the E. and W. fronts are each 6 ft. 2 in. base diam. and

36 ft. high. Pour columns on the N. and S. fronts are each 6 ft. 2 in. base diam. and

36 ft. high. Area of tho building, including terrace and steps, a little over 2 acres. Height of building from ground to top of blocking course, 61 feet.

" " " " pinnacle of cupola, 158 feet.

" " " lightning rod, 164 feet.

INTERIOR.

The chief entrance is from the West.

Height of the terrace from the ground 5 feet.

portico ■' 9 feet 8 inches.

" rotundafloor" 16 feet 6 inches.

" House of K. and Senate floor from ground. 30feet.

" stone arches above rotunda floor ". 36 feet S inches.

Diameter of the rotunda floor G4 feet 5 inches.

" lower sky-light in the dome 29 feet

" inner circle, or coat of arms 2 feet 8 inches.

" upper sky-light 32 feet.

" cupola (outside) 75 feet.

Height from the rotunda floor to the eye of dome 12U feet.

" rotunda floor to tlie upper sky-light.K... 136 feet. Width of the main corridors in the huildiiig .". i;3 feet 5 inches.

" cross corridors in the building 9 feet 4 inches.

On the second floor are the large chambers — the Senate and State Library north, the House of Eeprcsentatives and Supreme Court-room south — as folloAvs :

The Senate floor is 49 ft. by 57 ft. Height of ceilint', 28 ft. 3 in

" Sen. lobby, west side, is... 22 ft. 5 in. by 50 ft. " ^'

" S. lobby, N. and S. sides. 12 ft. 9 in. by 55 ft. 6 in.

" Hall of tho H. of K. is.. 55 ft. G in. by S2 ft. 6 in. Heifrht of ceilin.- 28 It. 3 in. ■ - =>.

" H. of R. lobby is 16 ft. 4 in. by 50 ft.

" 11. of K. gallery is 6 ft. by 55 ft. 6 in.

" Supremo Court room is...41 ft. 8 in. by 55 ft. Height of ceiling 26 ft 5 in

" State Lil>rary room is 55 ft. 2 in. by 82 ft. " ■■ '^' 28 fi '

" Law Library room is 27 ft. 3 in. by 28 ft. 4 in.

A room for stationery and an apartment for military trophies are on tlie rb^ht and left of the platform at the head of the west stairs. Committee- rooms are in the third story.

IHU'.^RTMEN rs.

The llrst story of tho building is devoted to the State officers. " Executive Department is in the northwest corner. " Agricultural " opposite.

STATE BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS. 383

The Secretary of Slate has two rooms in the northeast quarter.

" Sup't of Pub. Printing ] ""''^"^ ^''"^ northeast corner.

" Adjutant-General has a room adjoining.

" Board of Public Works have the room west adjoining.

" Treasurer of State holds three rooms in the southeast division.

" Comptroller of State has two rooms opposite.

" Board of State Charites has one room adjoining. *

" southwest corner is occupied by the Auditor of State. Attorney-General— office on the left of the east entrance. Commissioner of Railroads and Telegraphs — office on the right of the east

entrance. School Commissioner — office on the left of the west entrance. Fund Commissioners — olSce on the right of the west entrance.

MISCELLANEOtJS.

ISumber of rooms on the first iloor of the building 28

" " second floor of the building 10

" " third floor of the b\ulding.". 15

Total number of rooms in the capitol 53

The heating apparatus, with connections, is under east terrace.

Carpenter shop, packing and storage rooms in the basement.

Two supply tanks, holding over 1,600 barrels of water, are located over

the E. and W. porticos.

The amount of coal required per annum is about 4,000 bushels.

The amount of coke required per annum is about 20,000 "

The amount of wood required per annum is about 50 cords.

On the east side there are two open courts, each 23 ft. 4 in. by 59 ft. 9 in. Un the west side also are two open courts, each 24 ft. 4 in. by 59 ft. 9 in. Doors to the water-closets of the difi'erent stories open from these courts. Wash-rooms are found near the H. of K., Senate, Library, Executive, and

Auditor's rooms.

Number of steps in the spiral stairs (from basement) 114

" " winding stairs round the dome 44

" " first flight of stairs in the dome 29

" " second flight of stairs to the roof of dome 29

Total number of steps to the top of dome 207

The cast terrace, alhiwing 18 in, sq. to each person, will hold 7,840 people. Tlu; broad " (alone) " " " " 6,800 "

The Hall of the H. of P., " " " " 2,047 "

No. of pieces American and foreign marble in the rotunda floor 4,892

" gas burners throughout the State-house and Square 724

" yards 3-ply carpeting required to cover the hall "f H. of E 600

" " " " " Senate floor 320

" hot-air chambers in the basement ]8

" water-closets in the building 12

" wash rooms " 5

;jg4 .STIIDEK S COLDJIBU.S, IJIIIO.

HISTORY OF THE BriLDIXG.

The General Assembly- ofOliio, ou the 2Gth of January, 1838, l^assed an act to "provide for the erection of a new State-house at the scat of governmcDt," On the passage of this act, the citizens of Columbus made a grand illumination and gave a series of festivals. Under the provisions of the act, the legisla- ture, on the 16th of March following, appointed, by joint reso- lution, "\V. A. Adams, of Muskingum county, Joseph Eidgway, Jr., of Franklin county, and W. B. Yan Hook, of Butler county, a boai'd of commis.sioners. The commissioners met at Colum- bus in April, and entered into a contract with William S. Sulli- vant fir the privilege of taking stone for the proposed building li-om his quarry on the Scioto river, at titty cents per ]Hn-ch of twenty -five cubic feet. Under that contract, during the year ISnS, 2.002 perches of stone were delivered, a part at the site of the contemplated building, and a part at the ]ienitentiary. and convicts were em])loyed in preparing the stone lor the walls. The commissioners also advertised for plans, oft'ering premiums. Between fifty and sixty 2>lans were received from difterent parts of the Union.

From the designs thus furnished, the commissioners, in Octo- ber, 1838, selected the best three, to which they awarded pre- miums. These plans were trom Henry Walter, of Cincinnati ; Mai-tin E. Thompson, of New York city, and Thomas Cole, of CatskiU, New York.

"In iiiiikiiig; these selections," the commi5,sioners observe that tliey were "governed liy the views which they supposed prompted tlie p:\ss:ii:;e of the net under which thev wei'C u}"tpointed; Fi)\^t, to construct tin editice wiiicli should conibin(5 in its interior arnmgenient perfect security to the archives of the several depiirtnieriti of the public service, and convenience to the several liodies .'ind otlicers to be accouiinodated ; and. .'iccoiidh/, that in its exterior form an'l interi.n' disposition of apartments there should bo united that beauty .and gi-;indeur which the rules of art require, and which conipoi't witli the dignity and Wealth of the State. The degree of civiliza- tion and kiinwledge pi-<'\'ail i ng in a ceun tiinuit v is alwass clearl\' desig- iiatrd liy its works of art, and by none more than by its arehitectore; it is tlien at least desi.able that Ohio should not be liehiiid thai degree of iiiipi(>\-einent in the .aits which the .Vnierleaii pi^ople liave attinn(*d. It is hili^ved tlle-e .aid< will he aec.nuplished by the e\iN>u:ion of either of the plans to which the com in is^ieners have awarded the premiuius "

'I'lii' e\leiiiir of the several struetui-es inentioiied was designed to be built entirely of stone. Detailed estimates of cost of each plan presented

STATE BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS. 335

by the architects accompanied their drawings, and from these and other sources of information tlie commissioners were led to conclude " that snch a building as is required by the State can not be erected for a less amount than the average of the estimate? of the numerous plans sub- mitted, which is over four hundred and fifty thousand dollars." Some of the calculations amounted to nearly a million.

The estimates of the commissioners and architects were based in part upon eonviet labor at much lower rates tlian other labor. The commissioners, in their report to the legislature, urged the employment of one or two hundred convicts on the score of economy, and asked for an appropriation of fifty thousand dol- lars.

The legislature at its next session made the desired appropri- ation. Active preparation for work began in April, 1839. The Public Square was inclosed by a rough board-fence of great length, to prevent the escaj^e of the convicts employed ou the works. A frame building was erected for an otHce, and a store- room for tools and machinery. A good suj)ply of water was ob- tained on the site of the building. Excavations were made, and the layings of the foundations commenced. The work steadily advanced under the sui^erintendence of the architect, Henrj' Walter, and of the commissioners in person.

LAYING THE CORNER-STONE.

The corner-stone of the new cajiitol of Ohio was formallj^laid on the Fourth of July, 1839. There was present a vast assemblage of people, including state, county, and municipal officers, judges of of the United States and State courts, and other civil and mili- tary officials, with three fine military companies from Lancas- ter. A procession, said to number five thousand, was formed on High street, its right resting on Broad street, and its left extend- ing southward, and moved into Capitol Square. When the northeast angle of the projected State-house was reached, one of tlie bands struck wp "Hail Columbia." There a gigantic stone was seen swinging aloft, upheld by complicated mazes of cor- dage, ready to let down upon another of like size resting firmly in its bed. The following deposits, securely packed iu strong- flint-glass jars, were placed in an excavation in the lower stone :

The declaration of independence, the constitution of the

i

336 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

United States, and the constitution of the several twenty-six States, the ordinance of 1787 for the government of the North- western Territory, the statutes of Ohio, the Bible, the first two parts of the Transactions of the Historical and Philosoj^hical Societj' of Ohio, specimens of the gold and silver coins of the Ujiited States, one hundred and fifty newspapers of recent date, comjirising those published in Ohio and in the chief cities of the Union, several statistical works and periodicals, specimens of our agricultural and manufiieturing productions, reports of our State instituti(_)iis, and a glass tube hermetically sealed, in which was a scroll bearing the following inscription: ^'The corner- stone of the Capitol of Ohio, in the United States of America, was laid, under the direction of the commissioners, by Jeremiah Morrow, ex-governor of the State and one of its earliest pio- neers, in the ]3resence of the officers of State and a large con- course of citizens, on the fourth day of July, in the year of our Lord 1839, at meridian, being the sixty-third anniversary of our national independence. The State of Ohio, being the sixteenth State admitted into the Union, was organized into an independ- ent State in the year of our Lord 180:^." Also, the act of the Ohio legislature of 1837-38, authorizing the building of the Capi- tol ; then a list of the officers of the government of the United States and the sevei-al States, including the judiciary; then a list of tlie members of the last and preceding legislatures of Ohio ; then the names of the State commissioners, architect, and su- perintendent of masonry. And lastly, a list of the officers of the corptu'ation of Columbus.

After iirayer by the Kev. Pr. Hoge. ex-Governor Morrow pre- faced the ceremony he was about to perform, with the following suitable address :

.\1)1>RKSS OF tiOVERNOR MORROW.

Fellow-Citizens: On this d-.iv. thn iiniiiversury of Amoriean Inde- prndeiioo, the iouiuliitii.n of ;i j;-ri'iit eililieo is to lie hiid ; you are assomhled to wiliuss iiml assist in tho intorrsting oeronuinies; an cditiee that will be (Iciluatcd as a Tcniiilc ol' Law— tlio (.^ipitol of tho State. A oeiioratiou has not i.tissed away sinee the State of Ohio liist took rank aniont; the States ol' tlie (Inion—sineo tlie eonstitntion, the foundation of our polUieal strue- tiire, was formed. Several of the individuals yet remain, and it is with )ileasure 1 witness seme ef them in atlendanee on this oeeasion, who par- tieipated in the early eouneils, aTid whoso labors were employed' in "-ivin^v

STATE BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS. 337

form and effect to our civil and political institutions. The occasion seems to invite to a review of by gone times and past transactions — to a compar- ison between our former infant, and present more matured, state of political existence.

Then — -with a population few in numbers, sparsely spread over unim- proved and unconnected sections of territory, without intercourse, com- mercial or social, between the distant parts; a people unassimilated in habits and manners, and without adequate revenue or resources for the support of their government. Now — with a population numerous and comparatively dense, spread over every section of our territory — a system adopted for general education, to insure the cultivation of the intellectual and moral powers in the rising generation — public improvements extend- ing in every direction, and the means and resources sufficient, with proper economy and prudent conduct, to support the necessary public expendi- tures. This change, so vast in our condition, and produced in so short a period, as it is unexampled, must lead to the investigation of the causes which have produced such results. And while, with devout gratitude, we recognize the protecting care of a kind Providence, vouchsafed to our country, we may certainly attribute, in some degree, our rapid growth and continued progress in improvement, to the influences 6f free institutions, a well-regulated government, good legislation, and faithful administration of justice. It is true our system is not perfect. Imperfection attaches to all the works of man, and experience has pointed out many defects in our con- stituti on and laws which require the efforts of an enlightened community to remedy and correct. But still we may rest satisfied in the conclusion that the system is not far wrong — the government, in its principles and practice, not radically defective — when a State so great has suddenly grown up in a wilderness, and an intelligent people continue to approve and cherish the principles of its organization and operations.

Occupying, as this State does, a station in the political scale, among the first in the Union — having more than fulfilled the most sanguine expecta- tions of its founders — its situation now, in almost every respect, what we could wish it to be, our attention is drawn to the prospect before us.

The present is reality — the future we can not with certainty determine. It is not permitted to any to unveil futurity ; we arrive at conclusions by the process of reasoning from cause to effect. Speculative theorists have, indeed, imagined a law of nature to exist which prescribes fixed limits to the duration of States and nations, like that which limits the term of exist- ence to the individual man. We are assured, by the record of history, that the nations of antiquity had their rise and progress to maturity — -a period of pristine vigor — a decline and final extinction; and it would seem that the same inevitable decree of nature has operation on the nations of modern times. Some — once mighty and powerful — ^arc now hastening to final dis- solution, like the exhausted taper flickering in its socket to extinction. But the cases are not analogous; in the one moral causes operate — in the other the causes are physical. We may then, with certainty, conclude, that a political community has an indefinite period of duration — that while we continue to cherish and preserve our free institutions — while we are true to our best interests, we may calculate on a continued course of improvement. But, in reference to the object more immediately in our view, I pronounce that Ohio, a member of this great republic, by her assembled people, this day lays the corner-stone of her future capitol. Let the foundations be deep and strong; let the materials be of nature's most lasting gifts — dura- ble— imperishable; let the edifice rise in solemn, simple grandeur— a mon- ument of chaste and classic beauty. And may the lightnings of heaven.

338 STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

wln'ch sciitbe, and the whirlwind and storm, which prostrate the works of man, pass lij' and spare this house, erected b}- a mighty people, and conse- crated to social and constitutional government. And may the councils of truth and justice and public virtue preside in its halls; may discord and faction bo put far from them; and may a free and united people, who reared it, and whose temple it is, watch over and cherish within its walls the form and spirit of their republican institutions. And may the blessings of a benign Providence, now and through all coming time, rest upon this peo- ple, and upon this house, the work of their hands.

I NOW LAY THE CoRNEK-StOKE OF THE CaPITOL OF OhIO I

The corner-stoue of Ohio's nevr cajjitol was then projjerly and safely adjusted to its firm and permanent resting-place. Eev. Mr. Cressy invoked the Divin e ble.ssing, and the throng moved fi-om the square to Fourth street, reassembling under a large eliu, on Joseph Whiteliill's property. Here a thrilling ode, com- jiosed by AY. D. Gallagher, was sung, and an oration delivered by John G. Jliller. The exercises of the day were closed by a bountiful repast served up on the public square.

The State-house commissioners adopted, by a modification of three premium designs, a jDlan for a building intended, not only for the accommodation of both branches of the legislature, but to contain apartiuents suitttble for every oflicer of the State gov- ernment and for the State Library. It was their design to build in the next season the basement story and to jn'ovide brick and other materials for the interior walls. To enable them to do these tilings, the}' requested an appropriation of thirty thou- sand dollars.

SUSPENSION OF THE WORIv.

The legislature, at the session of lSo9-40, instead of provid- ing the funds needed for the prosecution of the work, reiicalcd the act for the erection of a State-house, The work, of course now ceased, and more than six years elapsed before aius-thing further was done. The general assembly at length, on the 21st of February, 1S4(!, passed a second act to provide for the erec- tion of a new State-house, but tnade so small an appropriation for continuing the work that none was done the next season, except by a few convicts, in excavating for the foundations and la\'iiig aliiuil two thousand perches of hirge stono.

'IMie coiuiuissioiu-i-s a|i[ioiiitod by lite legislature, under tho

STATE BUILDINUS AND INSTITUTIONS. 339

new aft, Avere W. A. Adams. Samuel Medaiy, and Joseph Eidg- wixj, Jr. They express in their report, at the close of the year 1846, deep regret at the delaj's that had occurred in the pro- gress of the work. In 1847, work was again suspended for want of necessary means to carry it on. But early in the spring of 1848, the commissioners made arrangements for its vigorous prosecution. William Eussell West and J. O. Sawyer were appointed architects and general superintendents, and Jacob Strickler, special suiierintendent. Suitable stone were delivered, under contract, by the officers of the penitentiary. Convict and other laborers were employed. The basement walls were partly raised at the close of the year. The next sea- son (1849) the stone-quarry was worked on a larger scale. A railroad track was made, to terminate at the bottom of the quarry. Cranes and derricks were erected for elevating the stone, and machinery ]nit in operation, by which the cost of their transportation was reduced. The basement walls were comj)leted, and the building loomed up about fourteen feet above the surface of the ground.

Active operations began in the spring of 1850, under favor- able auspices. The legislature had made an ap)propriation of 880,000 for the prosecution of the work. Machiaiery, operating by steam, was provided ; hired stone-cutters, and about eighty convict stone-cutters and laborers, were employed. Notwith- standing the prevalence of the cholera in the city during the summer, the edifice that season reached a height of nearly thirty feet above the original surface of the ground. The commis- sioners' report at the close of this year contains the following- sad paragraph :

"In common with their fellow-citizens of the State, the com- missioners have to regret the loss of their colleague, Joseph Eidgway, Jr., who died of cholera, in the month of August, at Mt. Vernon, Ohio. He was endeared to his survivors by rare intelligence, honesty, and energy, which placed him among the most honorable and useful men in the community."

William S. Sullivant was appointed, in March, 1851, a mem- ber of the board of commissioners. The quarry railroad was extended along Third street, in the city, and into the State-

340 STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

liousc 3'ard, for the jnirjiose of transporting stone by a locomo- tive, without the necessity of transhij^ment and hauling from the pcnitentiarj'. Work was recommenced on the building as cav\y in the spring of 1851 as the weather would permit. About one hundred convicts and an average force of thirty hired stone-cutters were kept actively employed during the working season. TJic structure was raised about twenty feet higher, the height of the exterior walls being about forty-eight feet.

NEW COMMISSIONERS.

Pursuant to an act of the legislature ''to provide for the more efficient and exjiieditious completion of the new State-house," Edwin Smith, S. H. Webb, and E. T. Stickney were, in March, 1852, appointed commissioners. One of their number, Mr. "VVobb, was appointed general sui^erintendent, Mr. West being retained as architect. About eighty convicts and one hundred and thirty-five hired laborers were employed, in 1852, in the State-house yard, and one hundred at the stone-quarry. In July, 1853, a contract was made with Messrs. Ambos & Lennox, of Columbus, for the iron frame-work of the roof. Before the close of the year, the columns for the legislative halls, with their bases and capitals, all of Pennsylvania white marble, had been placed in their appropriate jjositions.

N. B. Kelly was, iii May, 185-1:, appointed architect in place of Mr. West, resigned. Mr. Kelly was soon after intrusted with the general supervision of the work. A contract was made with Charles Rule, of Cincinnati, for furnishing and laying all the marble tile required, to consist of Italian white, and American black, white, and blue. Contracts were also entered into with James Lennox for the wrought-iron water-tanks, and with oSTel- son A. Britt for putting on the copper roof All the stone-work, except the stops and the cupola, was finished during 1854, and the Slate-house rapidly a])proached completion.

Ill 1855, contracts were made for interior work ; among others, with James Lennox, of Columbus, for heating apparatus, and with the Columbus Machine Manufacturing Company for the wrought and cast-iron work for ceilings in the several rooms. Accoinpaiiyiug the annual report of the commissioners tm' this

STATE BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS. 341

year, is an extended rei)ort from the architect, Mr. Kellj^ In this report, the architect states that he had found in the building an entire absence of any means of ventilation ; that there was no provision for a system of warming the corridors, rotunda, and pas- sages, and that a very inadequate plan of warming by means of hot-air furnaces had been adopted. For a proper system of ventil- ation and warming, Mr. Kelly says he found it necessary to lin« the whole building, as it were, with brick inside the outer or main walls to obtain the proper flues, and to construct in the east open cottrts two great ventilating stacks. These stacks were built of bush hammered limestone, and are each thirteen feet and five inches at the base, ten feet and three inches at the top, and one hundred feet high. The report further says :

" Connected with these stacks at the bottom, and in fact emptying into them, is a vast sj'stem of underground circular brick flues — air-sewer.s ; by them tlie spent air is to he received from the removing flues, v/hich take it from the rooms and convey it to the stacks. Of this circular air sewerage there are 1,872 flues beneath the basement floor, varying in dimensions ac- cording to situation and the capacity required — from ten inches to four and five feet in diameter.''

The desk for the speaker and clerk of the House of Repre- sentatives were nearly compileted in 1855. They are of white Italian marble. Those in the Senate chamber were designed to corresjDond in style and material. The Supreme Court-room and the library hall were to equal the legislative halls. The rottmda was to be finished in the richest stjde, and more highly deco- rated than any other portion of the building. The stairs were to be finished with white marble hand-rails and balusters. The colored balusters are of East Tennessee marble.

An act ■' to provide for the prosecution of the work on the new State-house, prescribing the order in which it shall be done, and making appropriations therefor," was passed April 8, 1856. Under this act a new board of commissioners was appointed, consisting of William A. Piatt, acting, and James T. Worthing- ton and L. Gr. Harkness, advisory members. The commission- ers, pursuant to the requirements of the new act, submitted the plans previously adopted to Thomas U. Walker, of Washington City, and Eichard Upjohn, of New York city, as consulting architects. These artists gave their opinion and advice, which

342 STUDER S COLDiMBUS, IJIIIO.

did not lead to any raaterial eliango in the general plan or de- sign of the building. All the work contemplated by the last- named act, exce])t the floor of the library hall, was finished by the 1st of .Tanmuy, 1857. The legislative halls, with the neces- sary committee-rooms, clerks' rooms, etc., were at that time ready for the use of the general assembly.

The Banquet. — In honor of the opening of the new Capitol of Ohio to legislative and other governmental uses, a superb barjquet was given by the citizens of Columbus, on the evening of the 6th of Januarj', 1856, to the members of the general as- sembly and other State officials, and to visitors from this and other States. All parts of our own State, and many of the other States of the Union, were represented in the great assemblage gathered in the city on that memorable occasion.

The Cleveland Grays, a fine military company, arrived in the afternoon preceding tlie festival, and were received by the State Fencibles, of Columbus, Avhose guests they were. The appear- ance of the two companies, as they parailed the streets together, was the subject of general remark and admiration. During the day, the State-house was prepared for the grand banquet and the ceremonies and festivities of the evening. The chairs and furniture wore removed from the halls. The rotunda, which had been handsomely arched and beautifully decorated with tri- colored mu.slin, evergreens, flowers, and wreaths, was assigned for the banqueting hall. Tables, bountifully laden, were placed in its eastern half, in a semicircular form.

As evening came on, the whcde edifice was brilliantly lighted, and, crowning all, was the illuminated dome, fi'om which the light shone in all directions with rare beauty and etfcct. At nine o'clock, the ceremonies previously arranged began. Eev. i>r. Hogo offered prayer. Alfred Kelly, of Columbus, then rep- resenting (he counties of Franklin and Pickaway in the State Senate, made an address of welcome.

Wiiile these exercises were guing on in the hall of the House, the Senate chandler was the theater of music and dancing. It was not long before this festivity became general, wherever a space could be cleai-ed for musicians and dancers. Till a late hour at night, the ca)ii(ol was tlve scene of light, jov, and reveh-v.

STATE BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS. 343

wliile crowds of people of both sexes jostled cacli other on the staivTvays, and kept thronging through the rotvinda, the halls, apartments, and corridors, like the restless waves of old ocean. At one time during the evening, the unmber of people in the building was estimated at eight thousand.

On the 22d of December, 1856, preceding the festival, the city council appointed Messrs. Noble, Comstock, Decker, and Eoin- hard a committee to make arrangements for a " house-warm- ing " in the new State-house ; and at a citizen's meeting on the same evening, L. Buttles, Henry Wilson, "W. G. Deshler, E. E. Nei\, and Francis Collins were appointed a committee for a. similar purpose.

It appears from the report of D. W. Deshler, treasurer of the committee of arrangements, that fi'om the number of admission tickets given np, and by other means, the number of visitors to the festival might be, with a close aj^proximation to accuracy, put down at 10,728. The amount of money received on sub- scription and sale of tickets was S4,70.5 ; leaving on hand, after defraying all expenses, about S300. There were sold one hun- dred and seventeen whole cans, and seventeen tubs, each contain- ing seven gallons, of oysters, amounting to ^24.5.30.

Completion of the Work. — The session of the legislature in 1857 was the iirst held in the present State-house. During that j'ear, the unfinished work on the building was actively jjushed forward. The next two years, 1858 and 1859, were devoted to the completion of the cupola, the main stairways, the eastern terrace and steps, the tiling of the rotunda iioor, gas fixtures, brick arches, stone-ilagging, and the grading and ornamenting of the grounds. Isaiah Eogers, of Cincinnati, was aj^pointed architect in Julj^, 1858, and, under his superintendence, the re- mainder of the work contemjjlated or ordered was completed.

Flag-room. — A room in the State-house was selected, in 1866, for the recejition and preservation of the Ohio regimental and other tiags carried in the late civil war. It was prepared with suitable stands and railings for the colors of dii^'erent regiments and comjianies, which were jjut wp in order on the sides and in the middle of the apartment, with a printed card attached to each banner, showing its number and title. There were in the

344 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

room, in 18G7, tliree hundred and forty-four flags of cavalry, artillery, and infantry. A register is kept in which visitors may record their names.

State Board of Agrigulture. — The rooms of this board are in the nortlnvcst division of the capitol, opposite the governor's apartments. There are three of them, forming one of the pleas- antest suites in the building. The west room, occupied as the secretary's office, is handsomely furnished, and is the assembly-room of the board when in session. The middle room is devoted to the library and cabinet. The east room is the mailing office and store-room for reports, etc.

There are in the library about 1.500 volumes, all standard works, and nearly all purchased in Eurojie by Mr. Klippart,the secretary of the board. On the walls of these rooms hang the only set of the portraits, in the United States, of prize cattle, published bj' the Smithfield Club. Here, also, are portraits of twenty -five of the most noted stallions of the King of Hanover's stud, photographs of Baron Steiger's renowned sheej). etc.

Perry's Victory. — W. H. Powell's f;nnous painting of Com- modore Perry's victory on Lake Erie, September 10, 1813, having been purchased by the State, was suspended, in the spring of 1865, on the northeast wall of the State-house rotunda, suitably draped.

Whatever defects a rigid criticism may discern in this fine painting, they are all cast into the background by its great merits. The naval launch in tlie foreground is an exact repre- sentation of the model formerly used in the United States navy. The chief merit of the ])ainting lies in the life-like figures of Commodore Perry and his brave crew. The expression of the coxswain in the stern sheets of the launch is thiat of anxiety and inquiry, as lie looks u]i to his commander, while the latter, witli hand ]iointed toward the American ship at the rio-fit of the jiainting, seems direeling the course of the launch toward her. Al)Ove him, on the i|uarter-deck of the vessel he has just lelt, wliich liears the mai'ks of solid slmt upon its counter, is a sailor -wilh raised hat, evidently shouting for vietorv.

Tiie figure, altitude, and expression of Commodore Perrv's little sou, as he looks, with fearful gaze, into his father's eve.

STATE BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS. 345

is, for its simplicity and beauty, one of the tinest features of the j^ainting-. The okl tar behind the commodore, wlio is busily cleaning the boat with his oar, from the debris of sails, splintered masts, and rigging, shows from his bandaged head that he has seen hard service. A fine-looking sailor at the pOrt-oar, near the commander, is eagerly scanning his countenance, while the negro servant, with outstretched arms, is watching the leaden storm of shot as it ricochets over the surface of the lake. The rents in the old flag are impressively represented. The vessels engaged, the fire from the cannonades of the British ships, the sulphur smoke of the battle, and the dim, hazy clouds floating around, are all admirably delineated.

The Statues. — In the rotunda of the State-house, there are at present four fine marble statues imported from Italy by James Emmitt, of Pike county, formerly state senator. They represent females. The one to the right of Powell's painting represents a Seeress or Prophetess of the Future, with her right hand on a sword-hilt, and her left resting on a shield. The statue to the left of the painting is the IMuse of History, with a pen and scroll at her feet. On the left of the west entrance to the rotunda stands a Bacchante or Priestess of Bacchus, with her left hand raised aloft holding a bunch of grapes, at which she is intently gazing. On the other side of the same entrance is the figure of Innocence. On her right shoulder rests a dove, which she is feeding with her left hand.

The Eotunda Floor. — This floor is a Mosaic of 4,957 pieces. The center is a star of 14 feet diameter, having 32 points. The center of the star is formed by seven hexagons, black, white, and red, surrounded by three borders of green, black, and green. The star -points are black and red on a white ground. A border of green separates this star from the body of the floor, which is comj^osed of concentric circles of octagons and squares ; the octagons of the inner circle measuring 5J inches — those of the outer, two feet in diameter. The whole is bounded by a border of green, as a dividing line between the rotunda floor and those of the corridors and niches, they being respectively squares and diamonds — black and white. The octagons are of black and white alternating. The black marble is from Vermont; the

346 STUDEK's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

white is the Italian veined; tlic squares are of red marble from Lisbon, Portut^^al, and the green borders from Yermont. The whole forms a most beautiful floor of 64 feet 5 inches diameter, having an area of about 3,270 square feet.

The Lincoln Memorial. — The commission given to Thomas D. Jones, sculptor, of Cincinnati, by the Ohio Monument Asso- ciation, having been duly executed, the mural monument now stands in the rotunda of the capitol. The memorial I'csts on a Q,uincy granite base, seven feet four inches wide, and two feet thick. The iirst section above the die contains the historical group cut from Italian marble in alto-relievo, the whole length of the surface upon which the figures are carved being five feet two inches, and the height and width respectively three and a half feet. The colossal bust, of pure white Carrara marble surmounting the monument, is three feet two inches high, making the whole heiglit of the memorial fourteen feet. In the bust the sculptor has preserved with remarkable fidelity the well- known features of President Lincoln.

The marble grouji in alto-relievo represents the surrender of Vicksburg. There are eight figures in the group, varying from twenty-four to twenty-five inches in heiglit, and on the extrenie right and left are seen the heads of two horses, with appropriate trappings, their bridles being held by two orderlies in attend- ance. The surrender is represented as taking place under a large oak tree, from whose branches beautiful Spanish moss is p)endiiig.

To the left of the tree, and on the right of the observer, the foremost figure is General Grant, next to him stands General McPherson, and next to McPherson, but more in the foreground, General Shernnm is seen. An orderly stands on Sherman's right.

The foremost figure on the Confederate side oi' the group is, of eourse, (ieneral Pemherton, represented as .surrendering to (iraiit. ^'exl (c PcnibeT-loii is Cidnnel ]\Iontgonun'v, and next III him (ieneral iMiwen. There is in this group an alhletio, lilhe-lindied Southern orderly.

The unveiling of the monument took place in the rotunda on the evening ol' January 19, 1870, in the presence of a crowded

STATE BUILDTNliS AND INSTITUTIONS. B47

assembly. The memorial, standing in the recess between the east and south entrances to the rotunda, was veiled bj' large American tiags. Governor Hayes called the meeting to order, and Eev. I). H. Moore ottered prayer. The quartette of the First Presbyterian Church — Miss Emma J. Lathrop, Miss Xate Kerr, and Messrs, A. 11, Morehead and H. W. Frillman— sung " America." Hon, Samuel CTalloway then delivered an address on behalf of the Ohio Monument Association,

At the close of Mr, Galloway's address, the governor intro- duced Mr. Jones, who proceeded to superintend the unveiling of the monument. The flags, at a signal, parted in the middle like a great curtain, and were drawn aside, when the monument, with the Vicksburg surrender and the colossal bust of Lincoln, came into full view. Silence reigned for a moment, and then rounds of applause followed. The quartette sung "Spirit Immortal." The scene was beautiful and impressive, with the bright light shining full upon the monument.

Speeches were then made by General Durbin Ward, of Warren county, member of the Ohio Senate, and General W. H. Enochs, of Lawrence county, member of the Ohio House of Eepresenta- tives.

With singing, and a benediction by Eev, Mr. Cory, of the Ohio Senate, the exercises of the evening closed.

CENTRAL OHIO ASYLUM FOB, LUNATICS.

At a state Medical Convention held in this city, January 5, 1835, a memorial was adopted and sent to the legislature, then in session, "for the erection of an asylum for the insane, adapted in all respects for the relief of mental derangement, and to be creditable to the State of Ohio." The legislature responded promptly to this call of humanity, and at the same session passed an act to establish a lunatic asylum for the State of Ohio, and apjoointed directors to purchase a site and attend to the erection of the necessary buildings. These directors were Dr. Samuel Parsons and Dr. William M. Awl, of Columbus, and General Samuel F. McCracken, of Lancaster.

Purchase of the First Site. — In July, 1835, thirty acres of lapd was jjurchased for a site; in 1839 an addition was made to

848 studer's coi.UxMeus, ohio.

it of nearly twenty-seven aeres, and in 1845 a little over seven acres more were added, jnak'ing a total of sixty-four acres and a fi-action. It lay in a fine, compact form in the northeast corner of the city of Columbus, as its corporate limits then existed. The entire cost of the grounds was 80,005.35, being about 810S per aero.

Under a joint resolution of the legislature, passed May 7, 1869i the trustees jnirchascd of Alfred Hetfner seven and one-half acres of land, lying immediatelj' east of and adjoining the south- eastern portion of the asjdum grounds, for fifteen thousand dollars.

In July, 1835, N. B. Kelley was ap]5ointed architect. Plans and elevations were agreed upon, based principally upon those of the asylum in Worcester, Massaeliusetts, then thought to be the most complete as a model. The plan was that of the center building afterward erected, with the lateral extension or "front wings." It was to accommodate one hundred and twentj' patients. The directors having submitted their plans and esti- mates, the legislature almost unanimously made the necessary appropriation, in March, 1830. jST. B. Kellej' was appointed to superintend the construction of the building. The work was actively jirosecuted, and on the 20th of April, 1837. the corner- stone was laid, as thus recorded:

"The finindation of the asylum was commenced this day at eleven o'clock precisely, the first stone of the edifice being laid at the northwest corner of the west wing, bv one of the convicts of the Ohio Penitentiary. Present — Samuel Parsons. "William Maelay Awl, N. B. Kelley, AVm. Mcllvain. and Isaac Cool."

It is recorded that the building was completed on the 10th of November, 1839, and final settlement made with the sujXTin- tendent. But an enlargement was soon found necessary. In 1843, the west wing, with the corner veranda, was commenced, and C(nnpleted in 1S45. The east wing, commenced in 1844, was finished in 1810. Tin- center wing was built in 1847. The building was then considered comjilele. The enst of the entire slruetuii' was §153,821.8-1. C)f this cdst.tlie sum of 8-l8.l!71.13 is to be cre<lited to convict labor. The building had then a front of 370 feet, with a depth of 218 feet. It was (juadrangular in

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STATIi BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS. 349

form and covered just one acre of ground. It was divided into 440 rooms, exclusive of the basement. For occupation by pa- tients were assigned 214 single and 5 double rooms, besides the 29 lodges.

The Asyluji Buened. — At fifteen minutes past nine o'clock on the evening of November 18, 18G8, the alarm was given that the Central Lunatic Asylum was on fire. ISTo time was lost in making every possible effort to stay the awful calamity and save the unfortunate inmates. The city fire department was sum- moned by the alarm-telegraph and reported promptly for duty. The asylum machinery for fire purposes was put into speedy operation, and the work of removing the patients from the qurning building was attended to by the officers and employes of the institution. For a time it seemed impossible to save a single life in ward No. 6, where the fire originated. The smoke was so dense and suffocating that any attempt to go into the burning ward was at the peril of life. It was not nntil consid- erable water had been thrown on the fire that the work of re- moving the patients from that ward could be begun. There were forty -two in that part of the building, and all were saved alive, with the exception of six women who perished by suffoca- tion.

As to the origin of the fire, the superintendent. Dr. William L. Peck, says, in his report for 1869, that the fire was discovered in the clothing-room of ward No. 6 east. The only fire in any of the wards was that of the gaslights, and the supposition is that one of the mischievous patients lighted some combustible substance at one of the gas-burners, and threw it through the open transom into the clothing -room. The night on which the fire occurred was one of the most inclement of the season, and suitable quarters had to be forthwith provided for 314 insane patients.

These patients were temporarily taken care of in the institu- tion for the deaf and dumb, and in the hospital, the latter build- ing having escaped the general conflagration. They were even- tually distributed among the different lunatic asylums of the State.

850 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

The east wing, in wliieli the iire originated, M'as oecupied by female patients. At the time the alarm ^vas given, there were about two hundred patients in the amusement hall, with ladies and gentlemen from the city, engaged in dancing. The fire at first did not excite much apprehension, as the general impression was that it could be easily subdued. But in a short time the su^jply of water gave out, and nothing remained but to abandon the main building to destruction.

Superintendents. — Tlie following is a list of the medical gentlemen who have served as superintendents of the Central Lunatic Asylum from its origin to the present time. They all bore or bear the title of M. D. : "William 31. Awl, S. Hanbury Smith, Elijah Kendrick, George E. Eels, E. Hills. "W. L. Peck, of Circleville, was apjioiuted superintendent in 1865, and still holds the office. Since the destruction of the asvlum by fire, he has been attending to the interests of the Central Asylum district, and superintending the grounds and farm embraced in the new purchase, and the construction of the new asylum.

Board of Trustees. — The following gentlemen compose the jirescnt board of trustees or directors of the asylum : L. M. Smith (president), Henry B. Curtis, W. B. Thrall, John Hunter, Philip M. Wagenhalls, and JT. J. Turney.

rebuilding the asylum.

On the 23d of April, 1869, an act was passed bv the legis- lature, for the erection of a building on the asylum grounds, for properly accommodating four hundred patents, at a co.st not ex- ceeding 1400,000. ITnder this act the trustees engaged Levi F. Sehofield, whose plans and estimates being approved, con- tracts were awarded, the work of taking down the walls of the old building was begun, and the ground for the foundations of the new building was ibrmallj- broken on the L'4th ot Oetober, 1869, Governor Hayes partieipating in tlie eei'cmonies.

A New Site.— The legislature, on the ISth of Ain-il, 1870, ]>assod an act for the sak> nf the old asylum grounds for not less tlian two hundred thousand dollars, and the jnirehase of other grounds in the \ ieinily n\' Columbus, lor a sum not exeeedino-

STATE BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS. 351

one hundred thousand dollars. Under this act the old asylum grounds Tvere sold, and a purchase made of "William S. Sullivant, for the minimum sum named in the act, of three hundred acres, bounded on the east by a line at right angles to the National Eoad, extending from the second mile-stone west of Columbus northwardlj' to the railroad from Columbus to Xenia, on the north by that railroad, on the sovith by the Ifational Eoad, and on the "west by a line parallel to the first-named line.

The new purchase was generally spoken of as the farm or land on "SuUivant's Hill," but the trustees say, in their annual report for 1870, that, " as appropriate to the wild beauty of its surroundings and other picturesque features, we have, at the suggestion of our ' lady matron,' [Mrs. W. L. Peck,] designated the place by the name of ' Clenwood.' " The view from the top of the hill is indeed beautiful, and, when the contemplated im- provements are made, the surrounding, as well as the distant scenery, will awaken the admiration of the spectator.

Sale op the Fiest Site. — On the 3d of May, the governor treasurer of state, and attorney -general opened the bids for the sale of the asylum tract, consisting of about seventy-three acres. The award was made to Wm. S. Sullivant, E. Jones, 0. John- son, John L. Winner, A. J>. Eogers, Fred. J. Fay, D. W. H. Day, J. G-. Mitchell, James Watson, S. S. Eickley, W. B. Hayden, Charles Baker, W. B. Hawkes, John and T. E. Miller, and John Joyce, at two hundred thousand five hundred dollars, being five hundred dollars more than the minimum price fixed by the legislature.

The purchasers divided the cost of the purchase into twenty shares, of ten thou.8and and twenty-five dollars each, some of them taking two shares. They had the grounds platted, sub- divided, and laid out into lots, with handsome streets, avenues, and parks. To this important and beautiful addition to the city, was given the appropriate name of East Park Place.

BUILDING A NEW ASYLUM.

The directors took formal possession of the new site on the 5th of May, 1870 ; on the 6th, the first stake was set for the new structure, and excavation immediately commenced ; and on the

352 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

23d the first foundation was laid, with exercises, consisting of prayer by Eev. A. G. Byers, and speeches by Judge ^Y. B. Thrall, Superintendent Peck, and others. On the 4th of July, the corner stone was laid, Governor Haj-es j)residing on the oc- casion, in the presence of many officers of the State, and a large concourse of citizens, the officers of the Grand Lodge of Ohio and other masonic bodies taking a leading part in the cere- monies. Various approjiriate records and memorials, inclosed in a copper casket hermetically sealed, were deposited in a cavity of the stone.

According to the superintendent's rejiort of Xovember 15, 1870, foundation walls had been completed for the central or administrative building, 115 by 80 feet ; for the amusement hall, 120 bj' 80 feet; for the four sections of wings, with their con- nections, covering a surface of ground, in the aggregate, 842 bj- 408 feet; and in addition to these outside walls, about 4,749 lineal feet of division walls within the area of the structure, making a total of 8,026 lineal feet of outside and division walls, or a mile and a half of wall, eight feet high.

The superstructure, which is still in progress, consists of first a cut-stone ashler stone, three feet four inches high, extendino- around the entire building, and backed up with brick, laid iu hydraulic cement mortar. Of this cut-stone work, there are 15,118 square feet. The ashler course is surmounted with a cut- stone window-sill course eight inches in thickness, and it also runs around the entire structure, and measures four thousand four hundred and twenty-three lineal feet. On this cut-stone belt-course rests the brick-work proper of the superstructure.

The rear central wing is attached to the amusement-hall por- tion of the main asylum building, and extends to the rear of it, a distance of three hundred and twenty-five feet, and is "to be three stories and basement high. Its west end is extended to the right and left, so as to give to the wing the form of the letter T. This west-end extension is to be two hundred feet long by forty-four feet wide, ami two stories high. It is de- signed for the boiler-room, coal depot, and mechanics' shops.

The subdivisions of (ho main wing are as follows, beginning with the basoment story: II contains (he fim-room for^ forced

STATE BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS. 353

ventilation, the kitclien store-rooms, bakery store-room, wash- room, store-room for laundry supplies, steam-engine and pump- room, and water-tower section. First story above contains the kitchen, with its scullery and closets, bakery and bakers' store- room, wash-room, drying-room, and water-tower section. Within the second story is embraced a sitting-room and lodging-rooms for female employes ; also ironing and drying -rooms. The third story has the stage or j)latform for amusement hall, the chapel, lodging-rooms for male employes, and the water-tower section with iron tank inclosed, with a capacity for fifty thou- sand gallons of water.

The tramway of the basement of the principal building is to be extended through the basement and first story of this wing, bringing all its several departments in direct and easy com- munication with the several sections of the main structure. This wing is designed to be built perfectly fire-proof, to be thoroughly ventilated, and to be fitted up with bath-rooms, closets, lifts, etc., sufiicient to make it very complete in all its departments.

INSTITUTION FOR THE BLIND.

On the 11th of March, 1836, the general assembly appointed a board of trustees, consisting of Eev. James Hoge, N. H. Swayne, and Dr. William M. Awl, to collect information relative to the education of the blind in letters and mechanical arts. The information collected was communicated to the legislature, in December, 1836, in a very elaborate report. An act was passed April 3, 1837, making provisions for the education of the blind of the State. Fifteen thousand dollars were appropriated for the erection of suitable buildings, and ten thousand dollars for the purchase of books and apparatus.

The same trustees, in their annual report, dated December 14, 1837, state that they had obtained an eligible site for the build- ings, having been " successful in securing a lot of nine acres, a little removed from the plat of Columbus, on the north side of the l^atioiial Eoad, at a very reduced price, which was imme- diately contributed by a number of benevolent gentlemen, all of them citizens of Columbus." Buildings for the institution commenced on this site in 1837, and were completed in 1839.

354 STODER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

A. W. Pcnniman, a graduate of the Massachusetts Asylum, was the tirst instructoi- emj)lo3-ed. The trustees having rented suitable rooms, theschool was opened in the Presbyterian Church, July 4, 1837, in the 2:)resence of the teachers and puj^ils of the Sundaj^ -schools of Columbus, who, to the number of nine hun- dred, had assembled to celebrate the sixty -first anniversary of our national independence. On that day Mr. Ponniman had but five jjupils. By November following, the number had increased to eleven — four girls and seven boys. The school was removed in October, 1839, to the buildings erected for its accommo- dation.

Superintendents. — The following is a list of the j)rincipals or superintendents of the institution from 1837 to the present time: A. W. Penniman, "William Chapin, George McMillen, Eufus E. Harte, Asa D. Lord, and George L. Smead.

Trustees. — The following is a complete list of the trustees of the institution from 1838 to the present time : James Hoge, JST. 11. Swayne, Wm. M. Awl, John A. Bryan, M. J. GilbertrWm. Armstrong, John W. Andrews, Samuel McClelland, Joseph McEIvain, J. E. Scroggs, A. P. Stone, F. C. Kelton, S. M. Smith, Eichard Warner, Thomas Sparrow, E. K. Chamberlain, George E. Eels, E. C. Eoot, Henry Wilson, John Greenleaf David Bobb, Hiram B. Smith, T. C. Mitchell, J. Green, S. H. Webb, John McCook, Oliver H. Perry, E. E. Sloan, John Greiner, Edward Jordan, P. C. Sessions, Eoyal Taylor, Stillman Witt, Henry C. Noble, and John H. Eodgers.

New Building.— By an act of the legislature, passed May 6, 1869, the trustees — Francis C. Sessions, Henry C. Noble, and John H. Eodgers — were authorized to erect a building not to exceed in cost ^275,000. Soon after another appropriation of $43,000 was secured, making $318,000 in all.

Plans for the new building were prepared bj' William Tinsley, of Cincinnati, as architect, which were approved by the board of trustees, the governor, auditor, and secretary of state, and bids advertised for, and the contract awarded.

Tlie trustees, in tlieir annual reports \'ov 1870 and 1871, called the attention of the legislature to the building in proi^-ress, as prospectively one of the finest public buildings in the State. Its

STATK BUILDrNdS AND INISTTTUTIONS.

progress to^Yard completion had readied a point to enable tliose who arc imvei'sed in the mj-steries of the architectural art to grasp the full designs, and see it as it will appear when entirely completed. A very beautiful lithographic colored view of the new building appears as a frontispiece in this work.

There had been expended of the appropriations made up to November 15, 1872, on new building, $224,417.15, leaving about §100,000 of the sums authorized to complete the building. The trustees and architect are certainlj" deserving of great credit for the economical use of the large sums of money j^laced to their credit, and for putting up the most beautiful and best jDublic building in the State at a much less cost than is usual for public buildings,

ARCHriT-.CT's r)KscmPTiON OF THE BuiLiJTNQs. — Tlic nrchitectu rill chnr- noter is Old Eni,'li>li, < f the later pcriiHl of Elizahetli, though them is evi- dently little I >r 11.1 OX] lend i tore in cxtr-insic ornamentation usual in structures iiial-dnt; pretense to that name.

The eorniees or eave moldings are of iron, as are also the several dormer- windows. The roofs generally are covered with a very uniformly colored blue slate; the hips and ridges, and the flatter parts of the roof, have also metallic coverings.

The central areaded portico is of cut-stone, flanked on either side by cast-iron piazzas of the same general character and extending the length of the center or main front. From the cut-stone portion rise two oriel windows of the second and third stories; these with the Belvidere sur- mounting all, side turrets and the rear ventilators, and other parts to be referred to again, which are now of wood, and were so ordered, after plans for them in iron, and estimates of cost were submitted to the committee of the legislature appointed for the purpose of considering the fire-proofing.

The interior of the structure, on entering through the stone porch, is found to be a hall not unnecessarily large, from which the superintendent's and steward's offices and visitors' waiting-rooms are entered, and in con- nection with these are fire-proof closets, reception-rooms, library, water- closets, bath-rooms, and lavatories. Passing through the hall an interior hall is entered, above which, the main ventilator shaft rises to about 140 feet by 12 feet square — in part supported on iron columns and arches, flanked by the arches of the strong or fire-proof rooms — a view is pre- sented of the main stairs, with ample first, and right and left second flights, leading to the chapel and second story. Before coming to the 7Tinin stairs (which, with all the other stairs in the entire structure, is com- posed of iron with freestone steps), corridors, ten feet wide, branch off right and left, leading on either side to the male or female side, to school- rooms, teachers', guests', reception, and bath-rooms — above which, in the second and third stories, are hospital-rooms.

Hose pipes, from water-tanks, are provided, to be available on every floor at several points.

;356 studer's columbus, ohio.

This description for ono side of one story answers for each side of the four stories, the three \ipper ones beint; devoted to the. pupils' dormitories, and these of size sufficient to give tu eacli occupant a cubic space of 750 feet, with an abundant provision for constant change of air.

A large number of music-rooms, play or recitation-rooms, are provided at either side and in the upper part of the central building. The several stories, of which above those mentioned before, are appropriated as super- intendents, male and female ofiBcers' sleeping apartments; lavatories and water-closets are placed on the several landings of the pupils' stairs, and on the lirstor ground floor side-entrances or porches.

Lilts or elevators were provided for on tlin corridors, but the architect and trustees recommend these shall be placed on the outside of the build- ing, and be separate I by fire-proof doors.

Passing right or left from the main stairs,tlie dining-room, 70 by 50 feet, and 16 feet high, is found, warmed as before described for the corri- dors, and ventilated into ilues surrounding the kitchen shaft, in which the kitchen is also ventilated, which is immediately placed beyond the dining- room.

The kitchen is 40 by 32 feet, lighted I'rom either side, of same height as the dining-room, having a larger and smaller cooking range, and in con- nection cook's and steward's store-roimis, with cellarage beneath, and other store and domestics' sleejiing-rooms over the kitchen and them.

Beyond these, and separated by large, well-lighted, and ventilated pas- sagca, are the laundry, drying and ironing rooms at one side, with the bake-huuse and flour-store al the other; coal cellars under all these.

Still in rear of these, and separated from all b_v an open covered pa<sa"-e, is placed the engine-room, containing engine, ]HHnps, etc.

Below the corridors, on the ground floor, are conveyed the several steam- pipes, hot and cold water, and gas-pipes, and the various escape-ducts from the water-closets, lavatories, and baths.

The several stories of the center and wings are 14 feet G inches from floor to floor.

Ascending the main stairs before referred to, the corridors, correspond- ing with those of the tirst story, are found, and beside it the passanes, as- cending by gently inclined planes, to the ch.ipel, an apartment IS feet high at walls and 43 feet in center of room, capable of seatin;; about 600 persons, lighted and warmed fnnn the sides similar to the dining-room below it, with provision for ventilation. The roof of the chapel is open framed, bracketed, with an insulating space above the ceiling; an or^-an recess otT the rustrum, at the lurthcr end, is placed between two retiriii" rooins, which open on the platform, and also to the corridor between tliu domestics' rooms, leading to the stairs between the laundry and bakerv.

The center and rear, including chapel, etc., are divided" into three com- partments by tire-proof d.ors, which, with lour in the wings, make seven distinct one-, capable, on a nnnnent's notir'c, of being eHectually s-eparated by doors so constructed and set as to resist a strong tire for a long time.

STATISTICS OF THE IXSTITt'TION.

Tlio followiii!;' lal)lo is insortoil for tlio mnveiiience of those wlio liavc mil ari.Tss III a lilo (if iTpoi'ts. I'lio table presonts a smuinarv (.f Die pi-owross <if the iiistiliitioii. Tlio statement of expemliliires are taken froin tlie reports of the pmper otiieers.

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STATE BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS.

357

The expenses for the last year are found bj=' deducting from the whole sum paid out the value of material on hand:

Ykak.

EXPEN.SES.

No. OF Pupils Enrolled.

No. OF Pupils Admitted.

Yearly.

Total.

1837

$7,907 51 14,103 67 13,196 22 11,871 16 10,155 29 9,664 68 9,263 39 9,229 09 9,463 83 10,957 96 9.937 12 10,569 20 10,446 95 10,630 50 11,101 93 11,952 09 11,916 13 11,828 66 13,331 80 14,319 32 15,996 47 . 18,887 65 16,202 19 16,620 24 16,885 91 15,294 42 17,849 85 19,891 38 26,301 86 27,694 58 31,003 18 33,346 35 31,772 90 31,348 37 31.162 47 29,225 00

11

20

21

25

50

56

58

65

68

73

68

73

67

72

69

69

69

64

64

60

93

105

120

120

120

120

120

135

137

150

145

144

125

119

122

112

11

4 7 6 19 16 17 12 17 15 16 17 14 14 14 21 11 14 22 13 30 22 34 17 24 25 30 39 40 44 38 29 28 27 23 32

\ I

1838

1839

15 22

1840

28

1841

47

1842

63

1843

80

1844

92

1845

109

1846

124

1847

140

1848

1849

157 181

1850

185

1851

1852

199 220

1853 ;

231

1854

245

1855

267

1856

280

1857

310

1858

332

1859

366

1860

383

1861

407

1862

432

1863

1864

462 501

1865

541

1866

585

1867

623

1868

652

1869

680

1870

707

1871

730

1872

752

THE DEAF AND DUMB INSTITUTE.

Description of the Building. — The building really consists of seven, suitably connected, and wiis erected at a cost ot $625,000. It is built of brick, and is elaborately tiimmed with lime and sandstone. The roofing

358 stuhek's ooluimbu.-!, oiiio.

is of sliite, the cornice of gal%'anized iron, and the balconies, pillars, rail- ing, and floor of iron. The number of brioiis required was 8,000,000; the roof cornice is 3,800 feet in length; the gas-pipe biid is two miles long ; the interior \v. ills and ceilings have a surface of twelve acres, and the tloors a surface of four acres. The windows number 800. The front building, 270 feet in length, is surmounted by seven towers, the central one being 115 feet high, the two at its side lO.i feet, an I the four at thi corners 97 feet- The center tower has been finished to the top, and, ascending by a spiral staircase, visitors have a magnificent view of the city. This front building is divided by a ball ten feet wide, running its entire length upon every story, each story above the basement being 15 feet high. The use of this building is for offices, library, museum, hospitals, parlors, sewing and store-rooms, and chambers occupied by the teachers, officers, and em- ployes, and a part of the pupils. Attached to the front building are three wings, running north, all invisible in the picture. The central wing, 90 by 40 feet, is occupied by the kitchen and adjacent store-rooniJ, the dining-room, and a chapel 23 feet in height. The two e.'iterior wings ex- tend north 115 feet, affording a hall the entire length, and adjacent rooms for baggage, clothing, washing, bathing, and water-closets. Attached to these exterior wings, and extending at right angles to them, 110 feet east and west, are two wings, 40 feet wide, called the hoys and girls' wings. Those are the parts of the building visible at the sides "of the picture. Thi! first story is used as a play-room. The second is the sitting or study-room, and is used out of school and work hours. The two upper stories are dor- mitories. The very fine opportunity for light and air is obvious to the eye. Those side wings return by corridors to the central wing, which e ntinues by the bakery and store-rooms in the basement, and hv corridors in every story, to the school building in the rear. This building, 113 hy55 feet, i"s invisible in the cut. It is three stories high, and contains twentv school- rooms. Still further to the rear is a building 152 feet square, from" the cor- ner of which rises the ventilating shaft, 115 feet high, and visible in the cut directly above thegirls' wing. This building contains the boilers, en- gines, and pumps, u-^ed for heating the main building, and for supplving every part with water. This is taken from a flowing well, with a capacity of 150 barrels an hour. The second story is occupied by the machinery and appliances of the laundry. At the extreme right of the picture ap- jiears the barn of the premises. Between it and the boys' wing appears the east end of the shop building, which is 130 by 35 feet." Its upper story is divided between the printing-ofllce and shoe-shop. The lower storv, with the basement, is used by the State bindery. A weekly journal' — the "Mute's Chronicle" — is published in the printing-otfice, and" in the binder}' is done all the book-binding required by the State.

The first successful effort to estalilish an institution in Ohio for the education of tlic deaf and dumb Avas made at tlie leo-isla- tivc si'tisou of 182(1-27. Tlirou<;-li (he inlluein'o oi' the lu'v. Pr. lliig'C (if litis city, tiovernof ^lorrow. in his annual niessao-o, rei'oiiiiueiided the eslahlishtucut of such an institution. In the House of liepreseiitatives, the suhjeet was referred to ;> select (Muuntillee, to whoiu tin ehihorale memorial, proiiared bv Pr llooc tiiid sio-ued by a laro-e number of ]irouiinent citizens, wtis

STATE BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS. 359

presented. The re.sult was the passage of an act incorporating the institution.

The first board of trustees under this act consisted of Eev. James Hoge and Judge Gustavus Swan, of Franl^lin county; Thomas Ewing, of Fairfield ; Eev. William Graham, of Eoss ; John H. James, of Champaign ; Eev. William Barton, of Picka- way; Thomas D. Webb, of Trumbull, and Samuel Clark, of Clark county. The governor was ex-officio president of the board. Dr. Hoge was chosen secretary, and filled the office till April, 18-18, when he resigned, and was succeeded by the Eev. Henry L. Hitchcock. Horatio N. Hubbell was selected for prin- cipal of the institution, who went to Hartford Asylum, in March, 1828, to become qualified for his new duties.

The school was opened October 16, 1829, in a small building, rented for the purpose, standing on the corner of High and Broad streets. Only three pupils were present, and these from the immediate vicinity. One of the three proved to be idiotic; another was a boy of weak intellect, and not long afterward be- came hopelessly insane. Before the close of the term, the num- ber of the pupils increased to ten, and during the year to twenty- two. The number continued to steadily increase, until there were as many apjDlicants as could be accommodated.

In February, 1829, a tract of land, consisting of three out- lots, containing each three acres and one-third of an acre, mak- ing a site of ten acres, and lying about half a mile east of the State-house, was purchased for three hundred dollars. On this site the first building for the use of the school was commenced in 1832, and was occupied at the opening of the tiiU term in 1834. It was fifty by eighty feet, and three stories high. It was designed to provide school, lodging, dining, and sitting- rooms, for sixty or eighty pupils. A wing was added in 1845^6 to the south end of the original building.

Such was the increase of aj^plicants that this provision be- came entirely inadequate, and in March, 1864, an act was passed for the erection of a new building, "to be of 2>lain and substan- tial construction, having special reference to adaptation and proper economy for the convenient and suitable accommodation of three hundred and fifty pupils and necessary ofiieers and

atJO STTIDRK S COLUJIBUS, OIITO.

servants." The governor was empowered to carry out tlie pro- visions of the act. With the advice of the committee of the legislature on benevolent institutions, the governor adopted a ground plan by J. JNI. Blackburn, who was appointed to exe- cute it.

DEAF AND DUMB ASYLCJI.

The corner-stone of the present asylum for the deaf and dumb Viuiiding was laid on Monday afternoon, October 31, 18G4. Among the numerous articles deposited in it were por- traits of President and Mrs. Lincoln, of Governor Brough, and of many of our prominent generals, specimens of the curreucj' of the United States, .State documents, the emancipation proclamation, periodicals and papers of the day, a list of the officers, teachers, and pupils of the asylum, etc. The stone was placed in its proper position by the architect of the building. J. M. Blackburn. Ad- dresses were delivered by Governor Anderson and Mr. Weed, the superintendent of the asylum, and a prayer was offered by Mr. Buffington, a deaf mute, in the sign language. Eev. E. D. Morris closed the afternoon exercises bj' a benediction.

In the evening the exercises were resumed at the Second Presbj'terian Church, where addresses were made by Governor Anderson and C. N. Olds. Pupils from the institution for the blind sung several hymns during the evening.

Public Opening. — The new building was occupied by the school September, 1S68. The formal opening of the new insti- tution did not, however, take place till the evening of Febru- ary 11, 18G9. At an early hour, the chapel, Mdiere the addresses were to bo delivered, was densely crowded with guests. The pui^ils occupied the corridors adjacent. The various exercises were interpreted to them hj instructors conveniently stationed. Governor Hayes presided. The opening prayer was made bv Rev. F. Merrick. Rev. Collins Stone, the superintendent of the institution, then delivered an elaborate address upon tlie '■ llistorv and Metlujds of Mute Instruction." A brief address on behalf of the board of trustees was nuule by Samuel tialloway. An exhibition in pantomime was given, concluding with the Lord's Prayer. After the benediction by Eev. W. E. Marshall, re-

STATE BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS. 361

fresliments were served in the dining-room below. The house was open and liglited throughout, and was inspected generally by the guests.

Superintendents. — The superintendents of the institution, from its orgin to the present time, have been :

Horatio N. Hubbell, from 1827 to 1851 ; J. Addison, from 1851 till his death, August 7, 1852 ; Collins Stone, from October, 1852, to 18G3 ; George L. Wood, Jr., from 1863 to 1866. The present superintendent, Gilbert O. Fay, was appointed in 1866.

Department of Trades. — This department is presided over by the following persons ; Parley B. Pratt, master of the shoe shop ; Lewis L. Eice, supervisor of public printing; Mitchell C. Lilley, master of book bindery, and Eobert E. Stewart, master of the printing-office.

Eeport of the Trustees for 1872. — The trustees of the in- stitution— Kent Jarvis, of Stark county, and James S. Abbott and Henry F. Booth, of Franklin county — in their forty-sixth annual report to the governor, express the oj^inion that a more liberal compensation should be allowed the officers of the insti- tution. The trustees' report is brief, and closes with a reference to the loss of the board in the death of Samuel Galloway.

The superintendent, Gilbert O. Faj^, says, in his last report to the trustees, under the head of attendance, that one j^ear ago there were present three hundred and thirty-eight pupils — two hundred males and one hundred and thirty-eight females. There have since been received fifty -nine pupils — thirty-one males and twenty-eight females — forty-nine of whom are new pupils, mak- ing the whole number for the year three hundred and ninety- seven — two hundred and thirty-one males and one hundred and sixty-six females. Graduation, removal, death, and other causes have diminished this number fifty-nine, leaving now present three hundred and thirty-eight j)upils — one hundred and ninety- seven males and one hundred and forty-one females. They are classified as follows ; Scientific, twenty-nine ; grammar, eighty- four; i^rimary, two hundred and twenty-five.

Hamilton county sends forty, Franklin sends fifteen, Cuyahoga sends fourteen, and Montgomery sends eleven. No other county sends a greater number than nine.

362 studer's coluxMBus, ohio.

The whole number of pupils from the first has now reached one thousand three hundred and two. Of these four hundred and thirty-seven eases were congenital, and fort_y -three different causes are assigned for the other cases, besides forty under the head of " not reported," and ninety-six under the head of " re- ported unknown." One hundred and thirtj'-three cases were produced by scarlet fever.

A large majority of the cases that have been in the institution occurred before the afflicted persons reached the age often years.

Pupils of the scientific department average about six years ; in the grammar, about five years, and in the primary, about three years. The whole course of study is intended to occupy about ten j^ears' time with mutes of ordinary capacity and ap- plication.

Under the head of admission, the superintendent says: "I have no doubt but that, on the whole, the welfare of the mutes of the State would bo i:iromotcd by removing all limits of age, and allowing them to enter the institution as early as children are legally admissible to the p)ublic schools, and also to remain as long as their progress and conduct shall warrant. Practically, the permission to remain would make little or no difference, as mutes rarely care to remain for the time already allowed by law. The removal of the limit could do no harm."

The cost of the institution to the State for the year has been :

For current expenses, including rejiairs §56,216 49

For salaries T 16,825 00

Total 673,041 49

The actual cost per pupil was §216.09. This is §5.26 less per pupil than in the previous year. It should also be considered, says the superintendent, that we have no garden or farm fur- nishing a constant sup])ly of produce.

Anticipating the same number of pupils the forthcoming year, the superintendent says the amounts needed for the support of ilie institution will be ;

For current expenses §56,000

For salaries 17,600

Total §73,600

STATE BUlLDINaS AND INSTITUTIONS. 363

The pret^ent physician attending the institution is Dr. Samuel M. Smith ; the steward, George W. Wakefield.

ASYLUM FOR IDIOTIC AND niBECILE YOUTH.

The legislature, April 17, 1857, passed an act to establish an asylum for the education of idiotic and imbecile j'outh, and ap- pointed Wm. Dennison, Jr., of Columbus ; Asher Cook, of Per- rysburg, and M". S. Townshend, of Avon, the first board of trustees. The trustees appointe-d Dr. E. J. Patterson, superin- tendent of the institution, and leased a large house belonging to Mrs. Neville, on Friend street, opposite the Blind Asylum, for five years. Sixteen pujjils "were received prior to November 1, 1c.j7, and applications made for more than could be accommo- dated.

Dr. Patterson resigned, as superintendent, November 1, 1860. At that date, he reported that the building was crowded with inmates, thirty-five in number, and that during the year many applicants had been excluded for want of room. The trustees, in February, 1860, apipointed Dr. G. A. Doren, suj)e.rintendent, who has been continued in the oflice until the present time. In 1860, the building was enlarged, and the number of pupils rose to fifty-four.

Purchase op a Site. — By the act of March 28, 1864, twenty- five thousand dollarswere appropriated for the j)urchase of a site for the permanent location, and the erection of buildings thereon. Under this act, the trustees purchased of the Franklin Bank of Columbus one hundred acres of land at thirty -five dollars per acre. No other within reach of the city, adapted to the pur- pose, was otfered at less than five hundred dollars per acre. The trustees, in their report for 1864, thus describe the tract pur- chased :

" It is situated on the National Poad, two miles west of Colum- bus. The site selected for the building is ^iiear the brink of the elevated plain, on the west side of the Scioto valley. The situation is a beautiful one, overlooking and presenting a fine view of the city, while it is in plain sight of the Capitol. A very fine maple grove runs around the entire ft'ont of the high ground, and at the same time the principal part of the land is in the

STATE BtIILDI\GS AND INSTITUTIONS. 365

made in 1863, for i^radint!:, fencing, and improving the arsenal and lot.

The arsenal is bnilt of brick and stands on Friend street, near the canal. With its towers and tnrrets, it wears the look of a castle of the olden time. It is one hundred feet in length by sixtj' in -width, with a lofty octagonal tower at each corner. It has a basement of eighty by sixty feet, and eight feet high; also, a gnn-rooni sixty feet square on the main floor, with the armorer's room and oflfico, each twenty feet square. These rooms are sixteen feet high. The second story is one hundred by sixtj- feet, and twenty feet high without a column, and is appropri- ated to the arrangement of small arms. The third or attic storj- is also spacious. There are winding stairs in the towers, giving access to each floor. These towers are supplied with numerous windows and looji-holes, commanding all approaches to the building.

rNITED STATES ARSENAL.

On the 27th of April, 1862, a joint resolution was adopted by the Ohio legislature, instructing our senators and requesting our representatives in Congress to use all honorable efforts to procure the location of the contemplated national armory at some suitable place in the State of Ohio.

A memorial, signed by W. B. Hubbard, Samuel Galloway, John S. Hall, Wm. G. Deshler, Walstein Failing, and Peter Anibos, a committee on behalf of the citizens, and by A. B. Buttles, Horace Wilson, and Luther Donaldson, a committee on behalf of the city council, was sent to Congress in 1862, setting forth the advantages of Columbus as a place for the establish- ment and construction of a national armory and arsenal.

The legislature, March 21, 1863, passed an act ceding to the United States jurisdiction of the lands that had been, or might be, purchased in the county of Franklin for a national arsenal. The preamble to this act recited that the United States had ap- iiropriated money for the establishment of a national arsenal at Columbus for the deposit and repair of arms and other muni- tions of war. .,

Previous to the passage of the act of cession, the site for the

366 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

proi^osed arsenal had been selected by G-eneral Buckingham in the northeast part of the citj' as now extended, on the tract the]i known in common j^arlanee as " Neil's Woods." On the 17th of February, ]8(j3, General Buckingham bought from Eobert B. Neil seventy-seven acres and three-fourths of an acre of this tract, lying in nearly a square form, for the sum of 8112,377. The buildings were located September 3, 1863, and their con- struction commenced in October following, under the superin- tendency of Captain T. C. Bradford. J. O. Sawyer, the first architect, was succeeded by JST. B. Kelley. The main building and the magazine being completed in August, 1865, the recep- tion of military stores from eastern arsenals was commenced. The other buildings were finished soon afterward. All the buildings are of brick, and are grouped in the form of a square, with the oflice in the center, and the main building on the south and in front of it. The following is a brief description of these buildings :

Main building: Three stories high, 180 by 60 feet, with a tower, 34 feet square, five stories high. This building is used for the storage of arms and accoutrements, the tower containing the stairway and the hoisting apijaratus.

Artillery store-house; Two stories high, 201 by 51 feet; used for storing artillery carriages and harness.

Central oflice : One storj' high, 46i by 22 feet.

Barracks : Two stories high, 73i by 32 feet.

Guard-house ; One story high, 25^ by 22J feet.

Magazine: One story high, 50| bj- 33f feet.

Oflicers' quarters No. 1 : Two stories high, 73i by 40 feet ; used for the residence of the comnnunling otficer.

Ofticers' quarters No. 2 : Two stories higli, 65^^ by 4Si feet.

Stable : Two stories high, (i3 by 4(i^ feet. To this building is attached a wagon-shed, 65 by 30 feet.

Workshop : Tavo stories liigh, 82 by 3O5 feet, used for re- pairing and cleaning arms, and also for the storage of the fire- eugine.

The toundations and the superstructures of all these buildings are substantial, and tlie more important of them xiresent an im-

STATE BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS. 367

posing apf)earancc. Thoj- are situated on elevated ground, and liave a commanding view of the city and surrounding country. The grounds are handsomely laid out in walks and drives, and are interspersed with forest trees and shrubbery. Several acres are allotted to pasturage and gardening. The arsenal and its surroundings form one of the many attractions of the capital city of Ohio.

The value of the arsenal grounds and buildings, on the 30th of June, 1872, was estimated at $442,422.

The several commandants at the arsenal since its commence- ment have been ;

J. "VV. Todd, captain of ordnance, who took command Septem- ber 3, 1863, and was relieved on the 3d of December ensuing by George B. "Wright, colonel and military store-keeper, who re- signed February 10, 1864, and was succeeded by T. C. Bradford, captain of ordnance; relieved July 13, 1869, by Theodore Edson, major of ordnance; relieved July 30, 1869, by B. Penrose Jones, captain and ordnance store-keejjer. The present commandant, John McNutt, major of ordnance, relieved Captain Jones, November 19, 1869, the latter being continued as ordnance store keeper.

The chief clerk at the arsenal is Elliott Jones ; the assistant clerk, William Allen ; the foreman, Jolin H. Wilson, and the sergeant is James McGrath.

UNITED STATES POST-OFFICE.

The Columbus post-oi3fice was established in 1813, the next year after the town was first laid off. It was made a distrib- uting office in 1838. The following is a list of the successive postmasters :

Matthew Matthews, from 1813-14; Joel Buttles, 1814-29; Bela Latham,'1829-41 ; John G. Miller, 1841-45 ; Jacob Medary, 1845-47 ; Samuel Medary, 1847-49 ; Aaron F. Perry, 1849-53 ; Thomas Sparrow, 1853-57; Thomas Miller, 1857-58; Samuel Medary, 1858, nine months; Thomas Miller, 1858-60; John Dawson, 1860, one month ; Joseph Dowdall, 1860, eight months; John Graham, 1861-05 ; Julius J. Wood, 1805-70 ; James M. Comly, 1870. ,,.

368 STUDER's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

THE FIRST PENITENTIARY.

The penitentiary S3'stem was introduced into Ohio in 1815. Before that time, certain crimes afterward punished by impris- onment in the penitentiary, were punished by whipping. For instance, an act for the punisliment of larceny, provided that the offender upon conviction should be whipped not exceeding thirty-nine stripes on the naked back, and that on a second con- viction for the like offense, he should be whijDped not exceeding fifty stripes at the discretion of the court.

The first Ohio statute for the punishment of larceny by im- prisonment in the penitentiary was piassed January 27, 1815, and took effect on the tirst day of the following August. It pirovided that the offender, upon a conviction of the larceny of the value of ten dollars and upward, should be imprisoned in the penitentiary at hard labor not more than seven years nor less than one year. In 1821, the law was so modified as to re- quire a larceny of fifty dollars in value to constitute a j^eniten- tiary ofl^ense. In 1835, the amount of the larceny was reduced to tliirty-five dollars, at which figure it has since remained.

The first penitentiary in Ohio was built in 1813, in the south- west corner of the town of Columbus, on the ten-acre lot selected for the purpose, and conveyed to the State by the original pro- prietors of the town for the erection of a j)enitentiary and its dependencies. The building was erected under the superin- tendence of William Ludlow, the state director of public build- ings. It was built of brick and fronted on Scioto street. It was sixty feet in length bj' thirty in width, and three stories high, including the basement, half of which was below the surface of the ground. The basement was divided into a cellar, kitchen, and dining-room for the prisoners. It could be entered only ftnnn the interior of the yard. The second, or next story above the basement, was the keeper's residence, and was entered by high steps from the street. The third or upper story was divided into thirteen cells — four dark' and nine light ones — for prisoners. The sole cnl.rance to tins upper story was also from the interior of the yard.

The prison-yard was about one hundred feet square, including

STATE BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS. 369

the site of the building. It was inclosed hy a stone wall from fifteen to eighteen feet high.

Such was the Ohio penitentiary, as it existed from 1815 to 1818. At the latter date, a new penitentiary, as it was then called, was erected, and the yard enlarged to aboiit four hundred feet east and west, and about one hundred and sixty feet north and south, including the space covered by the buildings. The yard was extended to the foot of the hill near the canal. It was graded so as to make three levels or terraces, each gradually descending to the west. Two perpendicular stone walls were built across the j^ard to the height of the level or terrace above. These cross walls were about twelve feet high, and had large steps for ascent and descent. The outer walls, inclosing the yard, were twentj' feet high and three feet thick, with a heavy plank-floor on the top and a hand-railing ou the inner edge. On the toj) of the wall there were steps or stairs loading from the first or upper level to the second and third. The upper level or terrace was about equal in size to the other two, ex- tending about two hundred feet east and west; the middle one, eighty feet, and the third, one hundred and twentj^. The work- shojJS were generally arranged along the south side of the upjier yard. The cooper and blacksmith shops were in the middle j'ard. There were no shops in the lowest terrace.

The new prison building was built of brick, one hundred and fifty feet long and thirty-four wide. It was two stories high, with the east gable-end to the street, and formed a connected line with the old building. The dining-room and kitchen were on the lower floor, and two adjoining rooms on the second floor for a hosijital. Above ground there were fifty-four cells or lodging-rooms, and below ground five dark and solitary cells, accessible only through a trap-door in the hall.

The cells in the first or old building were taken out, and the structure remodeled into a residence for the keeper. This change was made under the superintendence of Judge Jarvis Pike, act- ing by direction of the state officers — Ralph Osborn, auditor; IIir:im M. Curry, treasurer, and Jeremiah McLene, secretary of state.

It was in 1815 that the first penitentiary building was com-

370 STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

ploted. The first act for the government of the penitentiary and the confinement of convicts therein took effect in August of that year, having been passed tlie preceding January. Under this act the legislature on joint ballot chose five inspectors, whose duty it was to appoint a keeper or warden, and prescribe rules for the government of the prison. The insjiectors appointed James Kooken, keeper, who entered upon his office on the first day of August, 1815, and appointed Colonel Griffith Thomas, cleric.

An act passed in January, 1819, created the office of state agent, and provided for the election of both keeper and agent for three years by the legislature. Pursuant to this law, Kooken was re-elected keej^er, and Thomas agent. The keeper's duties remained the same as before, excei^t the requirement that he should pass all manufactured articles to the agent, who was re- quired to keep them in a store-house contiguous to tlie prison, make sales, collect outstanding debts, and pay over all his cash receipts to the state treasurer.

During the administration of Kooken, especially in the early part of it, there were but few convicts in the prison, and of course few gaards were needed. Besides, the keeper was kind- hearted and lenient, when leniency could be shown without a breach of official duty. There being at times but little work for the prisoners, they were allowed to amuse themselves in various ways. One was to play ball against the west end of the north wing of the building. They had a dog in the yard so trained that M'hen the ball fell over the wall, he would go to the main door of the front building, summon the guard, pass out, get the ball, and i-eturn it to the prisoners.

The office of state agent Avas abolished in February, 1822, and the legislature elected Barzillai AVright keeper, in place of Kooken. AVright died in the summer of 1823, and Governor Morrow appointed Nathaniel McTjean to fill the vacancy. Mc- Lean was continued in office by the legislature until the spring of 1880, when he was succeeded by Byram Leonard, ot Knox county. Jjeonard was succeeded, in the spring of 18a2, bv AV. W. tJaulf, of Newark, who continued in office until the convicts were removed (o the present penitentiary, in the fall of lSo4,

STA'l'E BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTION?. 371

The successive clerks, after the otRce of a,£!;ent was abolished, in 1822, and until the removal, were Cyrus Fay, Henry Matthews, George Whitmore, W". T. Martin, Nelson Talmage, Timothy GrifHth, and Uriah Lathrop.

Blacksmithing, wagon-making, coopering, shoemaking, gun- smithing, cabinet-making, tailoring, and weaving were the prin- cij>al trades carried on in the old penitentiary. The manu- factured articles were sold or exchanged for provisions or raw materials. The clerk had charge of the store and books.

There were about every j'ear more or less escapes from the old pi'ison, though but one daring outbreak is recorded. It was in the year 1830 that about a dozen prisoners secreted them- selves in a vacant cell near the outer door of the prison. When the turnkey, Arthur O'Harra, came to unlock the door, a bold fellow, Smith Maythe, who headed the gang, springing suddenly forward, caught O'Harra round the body and held him in his grip while the other conspirators rushed out. Loosing O'Harra, Maythe bounded forward and placed himself at the head of the escaping convicts. They passed by the mound and fled to the w^oods in a southeast direction. They were finally all taken up and returned to the pinson. Maythe, after his release from the penitentiary, for robbery and attempted murder in Ken- tucky, was hung by a mob without judge or jury.

The year succeeding the removal of the prisoners to the new penitentiary, the walls of the old prison- j'ard were sold by the state officers and torn down. The main prison building, erected in 1818, remained two or three years longer. Then it was also removed, leaving the original building, erected in 1813, and the brick store-house, built by Wright in 1823, still standing. They were used by the quartermaster-general — one as a place for the deposit of the public arms, and the other as a workshop for the cleaning and rej^air of the same. Thus the two buildings were turned into a kind of state armory or arsenal. Such they re- mained until 1855, when both buildings wore taken down and the materials sold or used about the new State-house.

During the existence of the old prison, it was customary to take the convicts out to work in different jjarts of the town, sometimes with, but often without a guard. While Mr. Gault

.i72 sriiDER s coT,u:\rBT;s, onro.

was keeper, a convict iiamed Scott fa printer) was allowed to seek employment at his trade ontside the prison, and retain a portion of his earnings for his own iTse. One Svinday. pretend- inc; that he was wanted at the printing-office, he obtained p^er- niission for himself and another j^risoner to go there. But in- stead of going to the printing-office, Scott and his fi'iend " waited," as thej- termed it, " on the groceries, and had a glorious spree." As the truants did not come hack in due time, a guard was sent after them. They were found, using persistent en- deavors to reach the prison, hut so drunk that their progress was snail-like.

At one tiine, Scott worked in the Hemisphere printing-office, located in the upper part of the building afterward occupied by the Clinton Bank. Meeting Governor Liicas on the street. Scott, having imbibed a bountiful supply of whisky, insisted with rather too much pertinacity upon a pardon from the governor. The latter complained to the keeper, Mr. Gault. and Scott's ])edestrian exercises were afterward circumscribed by the walls of the prison.

It may be here mentioned that when work was begun ujion the new or present penitentiary, such convicts whose time was not likely to expire before the building was finished, were promised a pardon in case they were taken out to labor upon the new structure, and were faithful, and made no attempt to escaj)e. Those who made that promise were employed accord- ingly, and in no instance was there a violation of the condition.

The Old Penitentiary IjOt. — After the removal of the prisoners from the old penitentiary, in lSa4, a qiiestion arose as tti the ownership of the len-acre lot set ajiart for its location. On the one hand, it was said that the lot reverted to the original proprietors ot the town or their heirs; and on the other, it was coutended that tlie title to the ten acres still remained in the State hv virtue of the lU'iginal grant. The legislature twice re- lerred the (pieslion to comniiltees eomjiosed of members of the legal ]irofession. -V niajorily of each committee reported in fa\(ir of the Stale's title. An act was ])assed ^[arch 17, ISI!,"^, aulhdi'i/.ing the governor to cause the tract to be laid ott' in eitv

STATE BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS 373

lots, which were to be appraised and sold. It was laid off ac- cordingly, but no sales were made.

In March, 1847, Elijah Backus, an attorney of Columbus, brought suit, in the name of Gustavus Swan and M. J. Gilbert, against E. IST. Slocum, quartermaster -general, occupying the buildings, for the recovery of the old penitentiary tract. It seems that the plaintiffs' claim was founded upon a quitclaim obtained some years before from the heirs of Kerr, McLaughlin, and Johnston. The case was continued from time to time, until June, 1851, when judgment was rendered against the defend- ant by default. This was, in effect, a judgment against the State. The plaintiffs were put in possession by the sheriff in September following. Mr. Backus then, as the attorney or agent of the plaintiff's, or on his own behalf, as was said, rented to the State the buildings it had supposed to be its own. Besides, the hill included within the area of the tract being composed of sand and gravel, which commanded a ready sale, Mr. Backus realized a thousand dollars or more from that source.

In the meantime, there were men watching these operations who were determined that an attempt should be made to regain for the State what had been lost by default or neglect. Accord- ingly, in March, 1852, George E. Pugh, attorney-general, brought suit for the recovery of the land, in the name of the State, against S. W. Andrews, quartermaster-general, in posses- sion under a lease from Backus or his clients. In November, the same year, the Court of Common Pleas of Franklin county rendered judgment in the case against the State. An appeal was taken to the District Court by George W. McCook, attorney- general, and on the 21st of September, 1854, the State obtained a judgment, and on the 19th of January following, the secre- tary of state, as the representative of Ohio, was, by Thomas Miller, sheriff of Franklin cou.nty, formally put in possession of the disputed territory. The legislature, in March, 1856, vacated the plat of the ground made under the act of March 17, 1838, except as to Mound street, and directed the governor to cause the land to be again laid off into lots, and to be appraised and sold. At the next session, an appropriation of one thousand

374 STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

dollars was made, out of the i^roceeds from the sale of these lots, on her iietition, to the wido^v of Alexander McLaughlin, one of the original proprietors of Columbus.

Cholera in the Penitentiary. — Soon after the breaking out of the cholera in Columbus in the summer of 1833, it made its appearance in the Ohio penitentiary, then located on the old penitentiary lot. It invaded the prison in the form of a fatal epidemic on the 17th of July. The number of convicts incar- cerated at that time was three hundred and three, and few es- caped an attack of illness more or less severe. Business of every kind was almost wholly suspended. About one hundred were confined to the hospital ; forty cases were jwouounced gen- uine cholera, and eleven prisoners died of that disease.

At no period since its organization, in 1815, has the Ohio pen- itentiary been so scourged by an ejjidemic as by the cholera in 1849. j^^otwithstanding every precaution, more than one-fourth of the inmates became its victims. At the time it entered the prison as an angel of death, it was spreading its desolating wing over the city of Columbus and several small communities within a radius of ten or twelve miles from the city.

The cholera hatl prevailed in the city eight or ten days when it broke out in the prison. The first cases occurred on the 30th of June. In the morning of that day there were two cases, both of which proved fatal. Dr. II. Lathrop, the reo-ular prison phj-sician, being absent that morning. Dr. William Trevitt was called in. The latter continued to assist Dr. Lathrop, who re- turned in the afternoon of the 30th, until the death of Dr. L., when Dr. Trevitt Avas appointed to succeed him as prison phy- sician. Dr. Ijathrop was attacked July 3, when the number "of new eases occurring dailj' was from fifty to sixty. Having iiar- tially recovered, he returned to his post on the tUh of July, con- trary to the advice, and even remonstrance, of his friends.

On that day tl\ere were three deaths; five on the 7th, and eight on the day following. The disease had now prevailed nine days, and out of tour hundred ami thirteen prisoners three hundred and ninety-six liad been prescribed for by the jdiy- sicians ibr cholera in some of its stages. Twenty-one had died.

STATE BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS. 375

On the 9tb of July twelve more deaths. The prospect now became frightful in the extreme. The directors sought addi- tional medical skill. They called to the aid of Drs. Lathrop and Trevitt other eminent medical practitioners in the city, as Drs. B. F. Gard, Eobert Thompson, J. B. Thompson, J. Mor- rison, and Norman Gay. Several medical students and citizens were also engaged as attendants and nurses.

At tliis crisis the panic among the prisoners was distressing. Labor was entirely suspended in the workshops and on the State-house. The hospital was crowded to overflowing with the sic;lv, the dj'ing, and the ghastly corpses of the recent dead. The abandoned workshops were at once turned into hospitals, divided into wards, and physicians and nurses assigned to each. Many of the guards, panic-stricken, fled when their assistance was most needed, and their places had to be filled, difficult as it was.

From the necessity of the case, the strict discijjline of the prison was relaxed. The prisoners were allowed almost unre- strained intercourse. Some exhibited manly heroism or stoical indifierence, while others displayed the most timid, nervous, and striking agitation. The impulse to flee was checked by frowning jirison walls, while sore distress, and death reigned on every hand. To pass through the prison-yard at this time was a severe trial of heai-t and nerve. It was impossible, without emotions deep and painful, to meet the eager throng that crowded about one at every step, and hear the exclamations : " In the name of God, sir, can not we have our pardons ! " "Will not the gov- ernor come and have mercy on us?" " Must we be kept hero to die? " " For the love of Jesus, speak to the governor in our behalf! " "I plead for my liberty, for my life ! "

Many of the prisoners entreated earnestly, imjjortunatelj^, not to be locked up in their cells, promising the best behavior in re- turn for such indulgence. The warden persuaded that a relax- ation of discipline would be beneficial, determined to try the ex- periment of leaving the prisoners out of their cells. Many feared that unpleasant consequences would result from this course, and predicted insubordination, mutiny, and revolt. But these fears were not realized. The prisoners seemed to be deeply

376 STUDER S COLCMBOS, OHIO.

rTatefiil for the forbearance shown them, and the interest taken in their welfare. Tliey rendered very efficient aid when help was so much needed, and, in many cases, were bold and un- flinching in administering to the relief of the sick.

For sixteen days and nights, no key was turned upon a pris- oner. Yet during all that time, perfect order and due subordi- nation prevailed. These sixteen days and nights marked out in the prison a "reign of terror " in reality.

Many of the convicts were pardoned by the governor. But it was soon found that the prisoners were safer within than outside the walls. Their presence created a panic, and peopje shunned a pardoned convict as a walking pestilence. If at- tacked by cholera, he was almost sure to perish for want of care.

It was on the 10th of Julj' that the cholera reached its cul- minating point in the prison. The mortality was greater than on any other day. The number of deaths was twenty-two. On that day, too, after exhausting professional service, Drs. Lathrop and Gard returned to their homes, and were never more seen at the penitentiary. Both wore attacked by the fell disease, against Avliose ravages they had fought long and well. ZSTeither of them left his room afterward. Dr. Lathrop's was the second attack, and he died the next day, the 11th. Dr. Gard died on the fol- lowing Monday, the 15th. These two brave men fell, univers- ally lamented, martyrs to their professional zeal and large- hearted humanity.

On the 11th, Dr. G. W. Maris took the place of Dr. Gard at the prison. From the 10th of July, there was a gradual subsi- dence of the niortalitj' in the prison. On the 11th, the deaths were sixteen, on the next day twelve, on the loth seven, and six on each of the two following days. After that the deaths were never more than three on anj' one day, and generally but one, until Jvdy HO, when the last death from cholera occurred. This last victim expired just one month at\er the first two were at- tacked.

At the breaking out of the pestilence in the penitentiarj', the prisoners numbered four hundred and thirteen. One hundred and sixteen died from cholera, aiul tivo from other diseases. By

STATE BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS. 377

deaths and j)ardons, the number of prisoners was reduced to two hundred and seventy-three.

When, upon the subsidence of the sickness, the usual prison discipline was resumed, the prisoners returned in good order to their cells, and to their ordinary course of life in the prison, without resistance or complaint.

It is a remarkable fact that not a death occurred in the peni- tentiary from the 8th of August, 1849, until the 30th of June, 1850 — an exemption from mortality not known in the prison since the removal to the new jjenitentiary in 1834.

"While the cholera prevailed in Columbus, in 1850, there was sickness in the penitentiary, but no deaths until June 30. Be- tween August 30 and November 29, twenty -two deaths occurred from an aggravated form of dysentery and other diseases, but none of them were by the regular physician attributed to cholera.

The State Quarry. — By an act of the legislature passed March 12, 1845, it was made the duty of the directors and warden of the penitentiary to procure by purchase, or otherwise, a lime- stone-quarry for obtaining, in an economical manner, suitable stone for the public buildings and other public works of the State, and to construct a railroad from the penitentiary to such quarry. On the 11th of April ensuing, the directors and warden closed a contract accordingly, and received from William S. Sullivant a deed conveying to the State in fee simple fifty acres of land, two and one-half miles west of the penitentiary, including two stone- quarries and the land between them ; also, his interest in a large island opposite the penitentiary, and the right of way through any part of his land to the quarry or quarries, for the sum of fifteen thousand dollars, payable one-half in one year and the other half in two years, with interest from January 1, 1846. This stone-quarry tract is situated on the right bank of the Scioto river. When purchased by the State, it was covered with a fine grove of timber. The Columbus and Xenia railroad passed over its southern portion, and a coiinty road leading to the city crossed it near the river.

Soon after the purchase, the directors and warden contracted with the Columbus and Xenia Eailroad Comf)any to construct a bridge across the Scioto river of sufficient width to admit of two

378 STUDEr's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

railroad tracks, ono of which should belong to the State, and the other to the company, each party paying one-half the expense.

The state quarrj', in a sjjecial report of the directors of the penitentiary, dated January 14, 1847, is stated to contain fifty- five acres of continuous limestone rock, lying in strata from five inches to five feet thick, pcssessing considerable variety and aftbrding the finest building-stone in the western country. The rock is described as "of secondary formation, comj)Osed almost entirely of marine productions, of different forms and colors, giving to the polished block an appearance like clouded marble."

The railroad from the penitentiary to the quarry, including turn-outs, was reported as completed September 1, 1S47. It was three miles in length, and cost §19,451.84.

THE PRESENT PENITENTIARY.

An act for the erection of a new penitentiary was passed bj' the legislature February 8, 18.32. It in-ovided for the election or appointment by the general assembly of three directors, at a salary of one hundred dollars each per year, to select and p)ur- chasea site; to control the erection of the buildings, and appoint a superintendent at a salary not exceeding a thousand dollars a j^ear, to plan and superintend the work of building. Directly on the passage of this act, the legislature appointed as directors under it Joseph Olds, of Circleville ; Samuel ^JtlcCracken, of Lancaster, and Charles Anthony, of Springfield.

First Report. — On the 7th of December, 1832, the speaker of the Senate laid before that body the first report of the directors of the new penitentiarj-.

The directors say in this report that, after having spent much time in the critical examination of the several sites proposed, and having carefully considered their several advantao-es, in connection with the very liberal donations oft'ered, they had unanimously conu' to tlie conclusion that the permanent interest of the State required the selection of the site on the east bank of the Scioto river and north of Columbus. There was, it ap- pears, some ditticulty about obtaining a title to the site selected; but the directors, during the preceding summer, had made an

STATE BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS. 379

agreement -with five irablic-spirited citizens of Columbus — Jo- sepli Eidgway, Josepli Ridgway, Jr., Otis Cl•osbJ^ Samuel Crosbj', and D. W. Deshler — who undertook, in consideration of $750 casti, and a transfer to tliem of the subscriptions for j)rocuring a site, amounting to §1,170, to in-ocure and guarantee to the State a perfect title. They afterward succeeded in obtaining, for about $2,000, a conveyance to them from all the proprietors of the land, being fifteen acres, and on the 17th of October, 1832, executed to the State a warranty deed for the same. The di- rectors, also, for the purpose of securing a good landing on the bank of the river, purchased a small strip adjoining of John Brickell for fifty dollars. The whole site, therefore, cost the State eight hundred dollars.

The directors, in May, 1832, appointed JSTathaniel Medberry, of Columbus, superintendent of the new jjenitentiarj", at a salarj^ of one thousand dollars a year. Contracts were forthwith made for stone and brick for the building. Tlio contract price for the stone and lime, the stone to be measured in the wall, was 11.48 per perch. The contract price for the brick was $2.40 per thou- sand, the contractors having the labor of such a number of con- victs as they might choose to employ, not exceeding thirty-six, to be guarded at their expense. Considerable progress had been made in prei^ai'ing the brick and stone.

The directors submitted the plan of the new prison projected by the superintendent. The front building was to be four hun- dred feet long, and to contain, when completed, seven hundred cells, with the keeper's dwelling and the guard-room in the center. The walls of the prison would also be four hundred feet long and twentj^-four feet high. The estimate of the cost of the whole, for seven hundred convicts, including their labor, was $78,428.51, and excluding their labor, $58,744.01.

The New Prison. — The work on the new building was com- menced in earnest in March, 1833. In the earlj^ j^art of the sea- son there were emj^loyed upon it from fifty to eighty convicts. The work was suspended in the summer of 1833, on account of the prevalence of the cholera among the prisoners. It was, how- ever, resumed in the latter part of the season, when about one hundred convicts were kept at work.

380 STUDER S COLUMBUS, OHIO.

The building was so far completed that the dii-cotors, on the 27th of October, 1834, apjiointed N'athaniel Medberry the iirst warden of the new penitentiary. On the two succeeding days, the convicts were removed from the old to the new prison. The directors, on the 5th of March, 1835, appointed Isaac Cool, dep- uty warden; H. Z. Mills, clerk; Eev. Eussell Bigelow, chaplain, and M. B. Wright, physician.

The new prison was now in full operation under a new law, new officers, new rules, and regulations. The old .system of barter was abandoned, and, instead of the manufacture of arti- cles for sale by the State, the convicts were hired by the day to contractors or large manufacturers, who worked them in jn-ison- shops, as at present. At first, rules of great severity were adopted and rigidly enforced in the government of the prison. But these of late years have given way to more liumane and kind treatment. The odious " lock-steji " was first abandoned, then the "shower-bath" and the use of the "cat" were laid aside, and solitary confinement substituted. The convicts are aftbrded regular religious, moral, and literary instruction, and continued good conduct shortens the term of imiirisonment.

During the year 1837, there was constructed within the prison- grounds, at the east end of the main building, a separate apart- ment for female convicts, containiug eleven cells, with capacity for tAvice that number.

At the date of tlie directors' annual report, December 12, 1837, when the work upon the new penitentiary building Avas quite completed, it had cost 893,370, and there had been expended upon it, besides, 1,113,462 days of convict labor. AVith the prison walls, the new penitentiarj- formed a hollow square, con- taining about six acres of ground.

AiuuTiONAL Ground. — By joint resolution, adopted May IG, 18G8, the legislature authorized the directors of the penitentiary t(^ purchase ten acres of land lying immediately north of and adjoining the grounds (hen occupied by that institution. Ac- cordingly, on the 1st of October following, the directors com- ]>leled acontractwith the representatives of Dr. Lincoln (.ioodalo, for the leu acres, ibr the sun\ of 820,(1(10, payable in one \-ear IVoni (he 1th of July, 18GS.

STATE BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS. 381

The diroctors, in their annual report for 1871, state that the wall around this additional ground was completed, including the coping and guard-houses. That which had been built, being on three sides onlj^, is one thousand eight hundred and seventy- three feet in length, and from the bottom of the foundation, twenty-four feet high.

Wardens. — The following are the names of the wardens of the present penitentiary, with the year of appointment, from its organization in 1835 to the present time :

I^. Medberry, 1835 ; W. B. Van Hook, 1839 ; Eichard Stad- den, 1812; John Patterson, 1813; Laurin Dewey, 1816; D. W. Brown, 1851; A. G. Dimmock, 1852; Samuel Wilson, 1854; J. B. Buttles, 1855; John Ewing, 1856; L. G-, Van Slyke, 1858; John A. Prentice, 1860, N'athaniel Marion, 1862; John A. Prentice, 1865 ; Charles C. Walcutt, 1866 ; Eaymond Burr, 1869. Colonel Burr still holds the position of warden.

Present Oppicers. — The present officers of the penitentiary are as follows :

Directors — Judge James L. Bates, of Columbus, president; George Harsh, of Massillon ; Stanley Matthews, of Cincinnati. Eaj'mond Burr, warden ; James A. Dean, deputy warden ; O. H. JSTewton, chaplain ; C. V. Hamer, clerk; J. W. Gillies, assistant clerk ; R. A. Mclntire, steward ; Norman Gay, ph3^8ician ; Geo. Cunningham, captain of the night watch; and H. A. Clark, William Arnold, S. S. Desellem, and C. A. Barker, superintend- ents, respectively, of the hospital, kitchen, state-shops, and yard. Besides these, there are sixty guards employed.

Receipts. — The gross receipts of the penitentiary for the year 1872 were $182,897.60, and the total amount of expenses, $153,872.01, leaving a balance in the treasury of $29,005.59.

ISTuMBER OP Prisoners. — The highest number confined in the prison during 1871 was 1,041, on the 14th of April; the lowest, 955, on the 31st of October. The average number for the year was 1,014 3-5.

The number remaining in the prison, October 31, 1871, was :

From State courts, males 905

" " " females 27

From United States courts, males 16

■' " " militarjr courts, males 7

Total :. 955

382 studer's COLUMBUS, OHIO.

The Prison Library. — The number of volumes in the prison library amounted, at the close of 1871, to two thousand, besides a lai-ge number of monthlj' magazines, taken for the benetit of tlie prisoners. These, -with the books, were very generallj- ap- preciated, and there was an increasing demand for books of his- tory, of travel, and of a religious character.

Eeligion in the Prison. — The religious exercises in the prison on Sunday consist of a service in the female depart- ment, one in tlie dining-room, one in the hospital, the Sunday- school, ])reaching in the chapel, and prayer and conference meetings, which were, at the close of last year, attended by nearlj' four hundred prisoners. The Sunday-school, at that time, consisted also of nearly four hundred members. The chaplain says, in his rejiort for 1871 ;

" At the close of the previous year, sixty-seven had made a public profession of their faith in Christ, and united with the Young Men's Christian Association, or '-Prison Church;" that number has now increased to two hundred and sixty, besides thirtj^-one candidates who have passed examination and stand propounded for membership."

CHAPTER XV.

MUTUAL AID SOCIETIES. THE 3IAS0NS.

Grand IjOhoe. — The first meeting of the Grand Lodge of Oliio was held in this city December 14, a. p. ISIS, and'sub- sequent meetings were held here annuallv to the year 1S2S ; again in ISHl to ISBli. and in 1S45 to lS-t7, and from ISGl to 18(15. The meeting of the Grand Lodge for lS7i' was held at the new City Hall, in this city, October'l.ith. It is eomiiosed of 4.")(l lodges, each one of which is entitled to three representatives in llie (Iraiid Lodge, making a total membership of l,o50. .ludge 'William L. Thrall and Thomas Sparrow, deceased, of this city, have acted as (irand Alasters of this lodge, '\Vm. B. Hub- hai-d, deceased, of this eity, had taken the olid deij;ree and was (irand Master of the Knight Templars of the Lnited States of Ami'i-ica. lie was the only citi7,eu of Ohio that ever held the

Masonic Hall,

MUTUAL AID SOCIETIES.

383

office. Mr. Hubbard was also Grand Commander of the Scot- tish Eite, the highest order of Masonrj^ in the world.

Columbus Lodge, JSTo. 30. — Originallj^ instituted on the 11 th of June, 1815, at Frauklinton (now within the corjiorate limits of this eitj'), under the name of Ohio Lodge, No. 30. Abner Lord, W. M. ; John Kerr, S. W. ; Alexander Morrison, J. W. ; Lincoln Goodale, treasurer, and Joel Buttles, secretary, were the first officers of the lodge.

Judge Gustavus Swan was made tirst Master of the lodge October 19, 1815.

The lodge has a membership at present numbering eighty. Its regular meetings are held the second and fourth Tuesdays in each month.

Officers for 1873: C. H. Parsons, W. M. ; B. P. Eees, S. W.; Zelotes Wood, J. ^Y. ; L. C. Bailey, treasurer ; P. W. Corzelius, secretary; John D. Archer, S. D. ; H. P. Strauss, J. D., and Joseph M. Stuart, tyler.

Magnolia Lodge, ISTo. 20, P. A. M. — A dispensation was granted by Grand Master William B. Thrall, June 10, 1847, and an organization was effected a few days after, and a charter was granted by the Grand Lodge, October 20, 1847. Tlie founders of this lodge were : Bela Latham, B. F.Martin, Henry A. Field, John W. Milligan. D. T. Woodbury, James T. Donahoo, Na- thaniel Marion, Harvey Fletcher, Harvey Bancroft, and Will- iam Harrison, who elected Bela Latham, W. M. ; B. P. M.artin, S. W., and Henry A. Field, J. W., their first officers.

This lodge has a membership numbering 180. Its meetings are held everj' first and third Tuesday in each month.

Officers for 1873 : Charles S. Glenn, W. M. ; Silas H. Fowler, S. W. ; Julius H. Graves, J. W. ; Samuel E. Kile, treasurer ; John P. Lincoln, secretary; P. B. Ihrig, S. D.; H. N. P. Dole, J. D., and J. H. Gushing, tyler.

GooDALE Lodge, No. 372. — -The dispensation was granted by Thomas Sparrow, M. W. G. M., July 20, 1866 (being his forty- eighth birthday), to James Williams, Doljihin G. Smith, William S.Phares, Ashley B. Eobinson, William A. Hershiser, John B. Eomans, Edwin C. Beach, Charles A. Wiggins, Charles C. Wal- cntt, Albert G. Byers, Samuel Thomjjson, William Ewing, Otis B. Perkins, Isaac C. Ashton, William E. Thrall, Moses P. Smith, Martin P. Ford, Harry Tarbill, Jacob B. Beauman, William McDonald, Denman E. Kinsell, Stephen V. E. Carpenter, and Jacob II. McColm, Free and Accepted Master Masons ; and or- ganized Monday, July 23, 1866, by him, assisted by P. G. M. William B. Thrall; Past Masters B. P. Martin, J. M. Stuart, S. Spencer, D. G. Smith ; Worshipful Masters L. C. Bailey, of

384

ADVERTISEMENTS.

HOMIR i. MWlg,

IMPORTER AND V/HOLESALE DEALER IN

FOREIGIV and DOMESTIC

HARDWARE,

^O MPTih ni^% BiT^^i.

NO GOODS SOLD AT RETAIL.

J. M. STUART,

<.;. ^V. NASII.

STUART <£ NASM,

UNDERTAKERS.

rATKNTKKS OF THE

NASH CORPSE PRESERVER.

LtcmiFS Emii.\i.xii£d koh Tkansimutm-iox, All ordLi-s promptlv cxtciittd, nisht ord.iy. OFl'UK ANO \\ AKKKOll.MS :

No. Ui 1:JST JIL'OAD STREET.

(Opposite State House.)

COLUMBUS. O.

Pnlronn^e of the public solicited.

MUTUAL AID SOCIETIES. 385

Columbus Lodge, and F. N. V. Spice, of Magnolia Lodge. The officers named in the di8i:iensation were James Williams, W. M.; William S. Phares, S. W., and Harry Tarbill, J. W. The W. M. appointed Bros. D. G. Smith, treasurer; A. B. Robinson, secre- tary ; W. A. Horshisor, S. D. ; J. B. Eomans, J. D., and W. E. Thrall, tyler.

The charter was granted Wednesday, October 17, 1866, by the Grand Lodge of Ohio, at Toledo, and the lodge constituted Monday, October 22, 1866, by M. W. G. M. Thomas Spar- row.

The lodge was named " Goodale," in honor of Dr. Lincoln Goodale, for long and eminent services to the craft in the early settlement of the State, and as the last survivor of the founders of Ohio Lodge, No. 30, the first located in the city, now called Columbus Lodge; as the oldest surviving Master Mason made in the county, and perhap)S in the State ; as the oldest officer of the Grand Lodge and Grand Chapter.

Dr. Lincoln Goodale was made a Mason in ISTew England Lodge, jSTo. 4, at Worthington, Ohio, August 3, 1808, being the year of the organization of the Grand Lodge of Ohio, was one of the petitioners and founders of Ohio Lodge, No. 30, at Frank- linton, June 11, 1815, which lodge was removed and located at Columbus, December 26, 1816. He was present and assisted, at the raising of the first Master Mason of Ohio Lodge, Gustavus Swan, October 19, 1815 ; was in attendance at the Grand Lodge as early as January 1, 1810, and rejn-esented ISTew England Lodge, January 6, 1812. He was exalted to the degree of E. A. M., May 15, 1816 ; was secretary of the convention at the or- ganization of the Grand Chapter of Ohio, September 27, 1816, and was Grand Treasurer of that bodj' from 1817 to 1837.

Dr. Lincoln Goodale died at his residence, No. 43 East Town street, Columbus, Ohio, on Thursday morning, Ajjril 30, 1868. He was born in Worcester county, Massachusetts, on the 25th of February, 1782. In the seventh year of his age, his father, Major Nathan Goodale, an officer in the war of the Eevolution, removed with his family to Marietta, Ohio, August, 1788.

Major Goodale soon after settled at Belpre, on the Ohio river, and just previous to Wayne's treaty, was caj)tured by the In- dians, while at work on his farm. He died near Sandusky, on the way to Detroit, the place to which the Indians were taking him.

Dr. Lincoln Goodale studied medicine at Bel2)re, Ohio, with Dr. Leonard Jewett; came to Franklinton in the year 1805, and commenced the practice of his profession. In 1814 he moved to Columbus, and has ever since resided there.

In 1812 he volunteered and joined the army, and was ap-

386

ADVERTISEMENTS.

J". 3VE- T^T bT bS€>"1.''"X%

H

.9 J /SOUTH HIGH STREET.

MUTUAL AID SOCIETIES. 387

pointed by Crovernor Meigs, Surgeon's Mate, in Col. McArtliur's regiment. He was taken prisoner at Hull's surrender, sent to Maiden, where he remained with our wounded men, and after they were released, brought them to Cleveland. He was a resi- ent of Ohio about eighty years.

WorshiiDfiil Masters since organization : James "Williams, 1866 ; William S. Phares, 1867 ; Ashley B. Eobinson, 1868; Charles C. Walcutt, 1869 ; Edward West, 1870; Theodore P. Gordon, 1871 ; William Botimer, 1872; Wm. A. Herehiser, 1873. The lodge was incorporated November, 1869.

Trustees elected November 8, 1869 : A. B. Eobinson, Otis B. Perkins, W. A. Hershiser.

Chai'ter members, 23 ; initiated, 46 ; affiliated members, 18. Total number, 87.

Officers for 1873 ; Wm. A. Hershiser, W. M. ; Jas. W. Gillis, S. W. ; Henry E. Bryan, .J. W. ; A. B. Eobinson, treasurer ; Wm. S. Phares, secretary ; Chas. M. Williams, S. D. ; Chas. H. Butler, J. T>. ■ Ed. West, tyler.

Masonic Mutual Benefit Association was organized in March, 1871. Any Master Mason, in good standing, of any lodge in Ohio, and who shall be in good health, and not over sixty years of age, can become a member ; the fee for member- ship is 12.25. An assessment of 11.25 is made at the death of a member. The association numbers at present 405 members. Officers: Benj. P. Eees, president; Edwin Morrell, vice-presi- dent ; Henry O'Kane, treasurer ; and W. A. Hershiser, secretary.

Trustees: Z. Wood, Benj. P. Eees, and J. M. Stuart, Colum- bus Lodge, No. 30 ; Henry O'Kane, Ed. Morrell, and S. E, Kile, Magnolia Lodge, No. 20 ; W. S. Phares, A. B. Eobinson, and W. A. Hershiser, Goodale Lodge, No. 372.

Ohio Chapter, No. 12, E. A. M. — This organization was chartered November 16, 1824. The first election of officers took place December 4, in the same year, as follows: Bcla Latham, H. P. ; Daniel Turney, K. ; Joel Buttles, S. ; A. J. McDowell- treasurer; James Pearce, secretary; James Eobinson, C. of H. ; John Warner, P. S. ; Caleb Houston, E. A. C. ; A.Benfield, Lin- coln Goodale, and Joseph Leiby, G. M. of the V. The chapter, at present, has a membership numbering 165.

Officers for 1873 : Theodore P. Gordon, H. P. ; Samuel E. Kile, K.; Edward Morrell, S.; Jas. Williams, treasurer; Wm. Boti- mer, C. of H. ; Jas. W. Gillis, P. S. ; A. B. Coit, E. A. C. ; Zelotes Wood, 3d veil ; Chas. H. Butler, 2d veil ; H. N. P. Dale, 1st veil ; and Henry Bures, guard.

The regular meetings of this chapter are held the first Mon- day in each month.

388 ADVERTISEMENTS.

Tlie Jiusiiiess ISSTABIjISnED in JS42 hij JOSliya U. ItlLEY -t CO.

GEORGE W. GLEASON,

AVnOLESALE AND RETAIL

Itttseller^ Slatitneri

AND DEALER IX

WALL PAPER, WINDOW SHADES, etc.

Stationery of every description for Counting-liouse and Home use.

DONE Qt'ICKLY AND HANDSOMELY.

BLANK BOOKS of any pattern made to order.

PABER HANGINGS, for Clunclies, Houses, Stores, and Offices.

FINEST FRESCO DECORA TIONS, put up by best workmen.

WINDOW SHADES, for Residences and Stores, with tire most approved Fixtures.

A.lwni/s on Jiand, a vcyj/ large StorJc of

ENGRAVINGS, CHROMOS, FRAMES, AND FANCY GOODS.

FRAMES MADE TO ORDER.

BOOKS, in quantities, for Public, Private, and Sunda\ -school Libra- ries, Reading Clubs, etc., at the nlo^t ta\orable rates.

IT5 IS'O^'T'H HIGH g'TREEl?,

Opera House Building, COLUMBUS.

MUTUAL AID SOCIETIES. 389

CoLrMBrs Council, Xo, 8, Eoyal and S.elect Masters, was instituted by letter of dispensation, issued bj^ William B. Thrall, Puissant Grand Master of the State of Ohio, on (St. John's Daj') the 27th day of December, 18-il, 2841, A/. Dep.'.to Comjjanions Bela Latham, Leonard Humphrej', John W. Milli- £jan, G-. M. Herancourt, James Cross, Isaac Davis, E. Buckbee, Jolm E. Barney, William Y. Emmett, John Bartram, James T. Donahoo, authorizing them to assemble on the same day in the city of Columbus, and organize a council, to be called Colum- bus Council, iSTo. — , of Eoyal and Select Masters.

The letter of dis])ensation under which they acted, appointed Companions Bela Latham, T.-. I.-. &.-. Master; Leonard Hum- phrey, Dep.-. I.-. G.-. Master ; John W. Miliigau, P.-. C.-. of Work.

The charter "was dated at Lancaster, October 21, 1842, dating back to December 27, 1841, and signed by the following Grand Offieei's ; William J. Eees, Puissant Grand Master; G. D. Hinc, Dep.-. 111.-. Grand Master; C. P. Hanselmann, Dep.-. 111.-. Grand Master; A. J. Sanford, Gr.-. P.-. C.-. of Work. Attest: James D. Caldwell, Gr.-. Eecorder.

The following are the Thrice Illustrious Grand Masters since the organization of the council :

Bela Latham, John A. Bryan, John W. Milligan, A. B. Eob- inson, Amasa Jones, Joseph M. Stuart, A. B. Eobinson, William A. Hershiser, James Williams, Dolj)hin Gilbert Smith, Orestes A. B. Senter, W. S. Phares.

The council was incorporated under the general law of the State, December 3, 1870. The trustees for incorporation previously elected wore: Wm. A. Hershiser, John Greenleaf, and Thos. B. Asburj*, membere of the council.

The council has 104 members, and its stated meetings are held on the second Friday evening of each month.

Present officers : Ed. West, T. I. G. M. ; Geo. E. Grier, D. I. G. M.; J. W. Gillies, P. C. of W. ; W. A. Hershiser, treasurer; O. A. B. Senter, recorder ; Henry O'Kane, captain of G., and Jos. M. Stuart, sentinel.

KNIGHT TEMPLARS.

Mt. Vernon Commandery, No. 1, is not only the oldest com- mandery in the State of Ohio, but the first establishment of Knight Templars organized west of the Alleghany Mountains.

It was constituted by virtue of a letter of dispensation issued by Thomas Smith Webb, Deputy Grand Master of the Grand Encampment of the United States of America, on the 14th of March, 1818, to John Snow, authorizing him to assemble and congregate, in the town of Woi-thington, a sufficient and legal

390

ADVEETISEMEKTS.

J. F. Earris I Co.

KEEP CONSTANTLY

A liARGl STOCK

BTEM/WA ¥ S mW,

MBMTE S BAEMBTr MAEEm S QQMP'Y,

AXD OTnr.it

From SiSOO <o S700.

AGENCY FOR STATE OF OHIO, AND EXCLUSn-E SAFE OF

SMITH AMERICAN ORGANS.

Also General .igeucy for the

x:. sipj^n^ro- o k. a- j^>. i^ s ,

For the folltnviiii; Sfntos: Oliio. Iiiiliaiia. Illiiois, Iowa, Michigan, nml Kcnluckj.

TIk' ;ihove-mcntionec1 Instruments are all first class. Avarrantcd live vcars.

Dealers supplied at Manulaeturers' Prices. I.arL^e stock of

Foreii^n and Domestic

( o.v.sr I.V2/, 1' K i:i- r.

Prirrs irs /i':r iis ii/iy /loiisr E,is/ or ]]',s/. Circiihirs scut on apflica- /ioii,/i-,\\ Or,/,-i-s jHlitl froiii ii ii/s/,i iic,-, ii >i,/ s,i//sf,icfio?i <riiar<ui/i-c<f.

Coi.UMliUS, ().

J. F. HARRIS & CO.

MUTUAL AID SOCIETIES. 391

number of knights to open a council and coniniandeiy in said town, and therein to confer the orders of knighthood upon such tried and worthj- companions of tlie royal arch as may make application for the same, conforming in all his doings to the con- stitution of the Grand Encampment of the United States of America.

By virtue of this authority. Sir Knight John Snow summoned all Sir Knights residing within the distance of forty miles to assemble at the Masonic Hall, in the academy, in said town, on the 15th of March, 1818 ; at which time and place there ap- peared the following Sir Knights, viz: Thomas Smith Webb, John Snow, and Frederick A. Curtis, all hailing from different commanderies, who, after interchanging credentials and estab- lishing their respective titles each with the other, at once pro- ceeded to business.

The dispensation under which 'they acted continued in force for three months. The last meeting held under it was on the Wh of June, 1818.

At the meeting of the Grand Encampment of the United States in 1819, a charter was ordered to be issued to Mt. Vernon Commandery, giving it rank and precedence from the Gth of June, 1818, and requiring it "to conform in all things to the constitution and edicts " of the Grand Encampment of the United States, " otherwise this charter and the privileges hereby granted shall cease to be of any further validitj-." This charter is dated 16th September, 1819. Under it Mt. Yernon Commandery was organized on the 20th of September, 1820, and, by virtue of the powers and privileges conferred by it, has acted from that time to the present.

The charter officers were as follows : John Snow, E. com- mander; Chester Griswold, generalissimo ; Roger Searle, captain- general ; Josejih S. Hughes, prelate ; James Kilborne, senior warden ; Levi Pinney, junior warden ; Benjamin Gardner, treas- urer ; William Little, recorder.

On the 22d of February, 1844, the place of meeting was changed fi-om Worthington to Columbus.

The eminent commanders since its organization are as follows : John Snow, 1819-41 ; John Barney, 1841-44 ; Bela Latham, 1844-47; William B. Thrall, 1847-52; William M. Savage, 1852-53; William B. Thrall, 1853-54; Daniel T. Woodbury, 1854-55 ; Dwight Stone, 1855-57 ; William B. Thrall, 1857-59 ; Benjamin F. Martin, 1859-61 ; Thomas Sparrow, 1861-65 ; J. M. Stuart, 1865-66 ; W. A. Hershiser, 1866-67 ; W. S. Phares, 1S67-68 ; A. B. Robin.son, 1868-69 ; Thomas Sparrow, 1869-70 ; S. M. Hotchkiss, 1870-71 ; J. M. Stuart, 1871-72.

392

ADVERTISEMENTS.

D. E. CHILD, Dnytnn, O.

G. F. CHII-D, Columbus, O

Cmi^Il BROS.

"^" — * — '

General Agents for ""'*-;;;;;:;;

Dayton OfSce, 127 East Third Street.

Columbus Office, 91 South High Street.

J. D. HE[\»ERSOIV,

co^aLiLii :b:e^o2S.E3:e=5.,

N. W, cor. High and Randolph Sts., opp. National H:tel.

ATTORiVKY AT I,AW WO HIOT4RY Pl'BMC.

(IFKICK, 10!l S. HIGH ST. iPu-h's r.ulliHntr, K....m 51, ('OLDIIU'S, ().

F. H. HouGHTOx, Dentist,

No. I Opera House Block, Columbus, 0. \V>r. MONYPENY.

FORWARDING & GENERAL COMMISSION MERCHANT,

A)id I>i'ii/('f in Oritiii of all hiiuJa, Ftoiir. Jr/ii>/.;/, </r.

Office, near West End of National Road Bridge, Columbus, 0.

Dealer in Boots and Shoes,

IOC & 110 Soiitli Foiirdi Sti-oct. Coliiuibiis.

MUTUAL AID SOCIETIES. . 393

The stated meetings of this coiiimandery are held on the last Thursday of every month. It has 122 members.

Officers for 1873 : J. M. Stuart, E. C. ; H. Tarball, G. ; J. II. Curbing, C. G.; Ed. Morrill, Pr.; Samuel Thompson, S. W.; D. W. Brooks, treasurer; P. W. Corzilius, secretary; J. II. Sharp, St. B. ; Charles Ammel, S. W. B. ; S. E. Kile, W. ; and Ed. West, C. G.

St. Mark's Lodge, No. 7 (Colored). — Organized under a war- rant granted by the Most Worshipful Grand-Master, W. S. Wat- son, of the Grand Lodge of Ohio, December 15, 1851, with the following officers; Hanson Johnson, W. M.; D. Jenkins, S. W. ; James Evans, J. W.

The lodge has a membership) at present numbering 80.

Officers for 1873: H. Johnson, W. M. ; Jas. Gan.son, S. W.; Samuel Hughes, J. W. ; Wm. Jones, treasurer; J. B. Saylor, secretary; John Carter, S. D. ; E. Decker, J. D.; Thos. Wash- ington, S. S. ; George Spencer, J. S. ; and Eicliard Ilpthisgroves, tyler.

There are two other subordinate lodges of colored Masons in the city, of which we were unable to obtain information.

Johnson Chapter, No. 3, R. A. M. (Colored.) — Application having been made to the Grand Cha^jter of Eoyal Arch Masons for the State of Ohio, composed of colored citizens, at their session held at Xenia, Saturday, October 16, a. i. 2400, a. d. 1870, for a charter to organize the Johnson Chapter, No. 3, at Colum- bus, a warrant for the purpose was granted, and the chapter soon after organized itself with the above name. The chapter meets every Monday evening at 232 South High street, and numbers at present 23 members. The officers are J. P. Under- wood, high priest; H. Johnson, king; W. T. Boyd, scribe; J. B. Taylor, captain of host ; D. Jenkins, prin. soj.; H. Garvin, E. A. C. ; J. II. Norman, M. 3d veil; H. Patterson, M. 2d veil.

ODD fellows' TEJIPLE.

This building is located on the southeast corner of High and Walnut streets, opposite the Opera-house block. The dimen- sions of the building on the ground are 140 by 62-^- feet. The style of the building is the Italian phase of architecture, so pjopular in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, reaching its liigliest development under the direction and genius of Sir Christopher Wi'en.

The first story is of limestone; the upper portions are of brick, with Lafayette marble dressings ; the whole surmounted by an elaborate cornice of galvanized iron, so painted as to harmonize with the rest of the ornamental work.

394

ADVERTISEMENTS.

I

MANUFACTURE

Of III! nizi-s, ill iiiiilntinu fflli" rii.-th/ X'ltiirul 3lnilil<s.

Tlioir c-o|iics df Broeatelle, Lisbon, iho Brown Marbles, Galway Green, Porphyry, Fgyptian, an. I Tennessee are nnrivaloii lor truthl'ulncss and liriUiano'. ^\\■ arc inti"iHliioinj;- more iifw l1attcnl^; tlian anv otlicr estab- lishment in llie e(ninli-\, ;uul \\ari-ant our \\ork.

Wc will .111 ;ni,l lini-li I,, nuxl llio liiiux ol' our . iislomcrs. S,.|f aeonls of the jusllv

CI i: l.l<:ii H AT J:I^ "AEAliCH aKATK,

\\liirh i^ llu

MUTUAL AID SOCIETIES.

395

In the center of the f:\eade, on Hif;-li street, is the principal entrance, giving access to the lodge ai'iVl encampment rooms, l)y a stairway leading to them and tl'ie ditterent floors of tlie build- ing. The ground floor is appropriated to store and banking rooms, and the second story to oftiees. The third story contains an encampment room, 40 by tiO feet, with a comijlete set of ante-rooms, wardrobe, etc. On this floor are also two lodge- rooms, each 30 by 50 feet, and each having a complete set of ante-rooms, so arranged that should a pubfic occasion make it desirable, they can be all thrown together, yet each set of rooms is in itself complete for lodge purposes. Over the ante-roonrs are two halls, 19 by 45 feet, with a height of thirteen feet, now occupied by the Knights of Pythias. Tlio cost of the building and furiuture was about S75,(I00; it is owned by Columbus, No. 9; Central, No. ;^:-5; Excelsior, No. 145; Capital, No. 3:'.4; Ilarmonia, No. 35S, and Capitol Encampment, No. 0.

Twenty -three organizations occupy the hall at present, as follows: Nine lodges of Odd Fellowsliij); four Encampments; Kebekah Degree Lodge; Silent Workers; three lodges of the Kniglits of Pythias; three camps Independent Order of Knight- liood; one lodge of Good Templars ; -one lodge of the Temple of Honor; one lodge of the Jewish Order; and tlie Websterian Debating Club. Tliese organizations are all located above the second story.

396 ADVERTISEMENTS.

Cliarlcfs Eldridg-e,

Retail Grocer, 154 North High Street.

fVilliani Rcnner,

Baker and Confectioner, 220 North High Street.

J. B. Rusk's

Meat and Vegetable Market, 158 North High Street.

Li. HIeeiuan,

Watches, Clocks, and Jewelry, 218 North High Street.

PatricK Kelly,

Retail Grocer, 248 North Fourth Street.

Jolm ». Clarii,

Dealer in Lumber, Northeast Corner of Third and Chestnut.

J. I»I. Shade,

Retail Grocer, 54 North Fourth Street.

Kocrner & Bro.

Retail Grocers, Northeast Corner of Third and Long.

II. Theado & Co.

Retail Grocers and Flour Dealers, 186 & 184 South Fourth St.

J. Kienzle,

Boot and Shoe Dealer, Southeast Cor. Fourth and Rich Sts.

Aiiieriran Itlcrcliants' ITniou Express Co.

6 East Broad Street.

D. D. Trosenrider,

Retail Grocer, N. W. Cor. Eighth St. and Washington Avenue.

Goorsc Itaiier,

Baker and Confectioner, Southeast Cor. Fourth and Rich Sts.

•J- W. Coiislaiis,

Wholesale Dealer in Leather and Findings, 143 South High St.

Gooisf Ilarlitel,

Boot and Shoemaker, 172 East State Street.

Jolin Oore,

Tin, Copper, and Sheet-iron Worker, 26 West Broad Street.

MUTUAL AID SOCIETIES. 397

ODD FELLOWS.

The first organization in tliis city of a lodge of the Independ- ent Order of Odd Fellows dates back to 1839, at which time five well-known citizens of Columbus petitioned for a charter to organize Columbus Lodge, No. 9. The charter was granted, and the lodge was instituted on the 4th day of July of the same year. Its organization and meetings were held in the third story of Walcutt's brick building, on High street, opposite the United States Hotel. The association increased very rapidly, and numbered among its members some of our most prominent citizens. The association moved into a hall, specially fitted up for its use, in the Buckeye block, a few j^ears after its organization, and about the time the Central Lodge, No. 23, was instituted. After occupying that hall a few years, they took possession of the third story in the Bank building, southeast corner of High and State streets, remaining there some time. Piatt's building was also used a few years, so was the hall in the Carpenter Brothers' building opposite the Gwynne block. This was the last place occupied by the different organizations of Odd Fellows in the city, before they moved into their beautiful new temple — '.an engraving of which appears in this work — built by them at an expense of about seventy-five thousand dollars. They are at this time the largest beneficial organization in the city, and as such they have a regular system of relief for sick, disabled, and distressed members, and for the widows and orphans of deceased brothers. All this requires annually a very large expenditure of money.

LODGES.

Columbus Lodge, No. 9, organized July 4, 1839.

Charter members: Nathan B. Kelly, James B. Thomas, William Flintham, David Bryden, and Charles A. Howie.

The lodge has at present a membership numbering three hundred and eighty -three. The ofiicers at present are: Robert Edwards, N. G. ; H. M. Innis, V. G. ; J. W. Umbaugh, secretary; J. H. Doten, permanent secretary; S. W. Ellis, treasurer.

Trustees: C. P. L. Butler, John Greenleaf, and David Guthrie.

The lodge meets every Monday evening at the Temple.

Central Lodge, No. 23. — Organized December 2, 1843.

Charter members: Alexander E. Glenn, Thomas Stitt, James Aston, David Overdier, Thomas Bown, Moses Altman, Wm. K. Carr, and Francis Lackapellc.

The lodge has a membership at present numbering two hun- dred and Ibrtj'-four.

398

ADVERTISEMENTS.

ffEAN'KMW BUSlKBSiS IMSM^UTl

KtS SOUTH HIGH ST., COLUMBUS, O.

■^riTTlIT aT?QTTTP ^ I'^^t I'hH liusincss Course, I40.00 ; for Full TcleiTr;iphic Course, $40.oc dUiiyiiAXttiilir. ■^i,,^ p-^^i, Phono-mphic Course, ^20.00 ; Full Penmanship Course, ;{;20.o

Cards neatly written. J. A.. PEASLEY, Prin.

J\»

ILiRACE S. Lynn.

Jos. II. Olthwaiti^, Special Partner.

I-I. S. LYIXIN &: CO.,

WHOLESALE & RETAIL DRUGGISTS,

And Dcnlers in i^iiie Cliriliirals, rerlniiics, and Toilet Articles, 105 SOUTH HIGH ST., COLUMBUS, O.

H & N. GUNDERSHEIMER.

.Ind Dfiilers in l!iadij-niiid,- Clidh'ng. Oint.-i' Fn rnisliinrj Gi>r>ds, etc.

tot Sovrn: irtcfir ^%'memt, Cqx-v.vsvs, Q.

MUTUAL AID SOCIETIES. 399

The officers at present are : Jackson Condon, N". G. ; John M. Barber, V. G. ; Luther F. Kilbourn, secretarj'' ; Richard H. Leavitt, permanent secretary, and David Overdier, treasurer.

The lodge meets every Thursday evening at the temple.

Excelsior Lodge, No. 145. — Charter granted JanuarylS, 1850 Instituted February 22, 1850, by W. C. Earl, Grand Master.

Charter members : Frank H. Hulburd, James B. Stockton, A. B. Newburgh, George B. Comstock, Nathan B. Marple, Cal- vin Remick, and Ira M. Gorton.

Officers installed : Frank H. Hulburd, N. G. ; James B. Stock- ton, V. G. ; George G. Comstock, secretary; A. B. Newburgh, treasurer.

Present number of members three hundred and forty-one.

Incorporation. — To enable it to hold property in its own name, this lodge was incorporated June 11, 1862. The trustees of the corporation were A. P. Stone, Wells AUis, and James H. Stouring ; clerk, James A. Millar.

There have been thirty-four deaths of members of the lodge since its institution.

Officers ; Charles H. Damsel, N. G ; A. H. Bancroft, V. G. ; John A. Dunn, recording secretary ; John F. Lincoln, perma- nent secretary, and John Reeves, treasurer.

Trustees : David Scobie, J. J. Funston, and Wm. E. Horn.

Capitol Lodge, No. 334. — Organized May 21, 1858.

The lodge has a membership numbering about three hundred and fifty. Its meetings are held every Friday evening at the Temple.

Officers for 1873 : Fred. Weadon, N. G. ; D. D. Tresenrider, V. G.; F. R.Wilson, secretary; Joseph Dowdall, P. S. ; F. B. Marble, treasurer.

Harmonia Lodge, No. 358. — Organized May 26, 1860.

Charter members number thirty-six.

This lodge is the largest German beneficial association in the city. It numbers at present two hundred and eighty members, and holds its meetings every Saturday evening at the Odd Fel- lows' Temple, of which they are one-sixth owners.

Officers : J. P. Remmy, N. G. ; John Brown, V. G. ; George Blesch, secretary; Conrad Grauman, P. S. ; August Leibfarth, treasurer.

Trustees : Jacob Bleile, Henry Loewer, George Yanton, and E. J. W. Schueller, secretary for the board.

National Lodge, No. 509. — Organized June 1, 1872.

Charter members : Philij) Lindenberg, John Kaufteld, An- drew Schwarz, Louis Heinmiller, Henry Heinmiller, Emil Kicsewctter, Philip Schmidt, Fred. Kleinlein, H. C. Zimmer,

400 ADVERTISEMENTS.

Or. J. R. Flowers,

Physician, 84 East Town Street.

Dr. Van S. Seltzer,

Physician, 39 East Friend Street.

J. C. Ijong-sliore,

Tobacco and Cigars, 65 South High Street.

Ed. Hirscta,

Fashionable Barber and Hair Dresser, 3 South High Street.

IVilliani Artbur,

Retail Grocer, n8 North Seventh Street.

J. Goodman,

Loan Office, 9 East Iowa Street.

IV, B. Bradford,

Retail Grocer, Northwest Corner of Rich and Seventh Streets.

Patrick Murptar,

Boot and Shoemaker, 104 North High Street.

T. E. Taylor, Attorney at Law and Solicitor of Patents. Office, Chittenden's Building, 37 North High Street.

Clias. F. Smith & Co.

Tin, Copper, and Sheet-iron Dealers, 41 West Broad Street.

Byers Ilo\Tell,

Grocer, 202 North High Street.

R. fV. Einen,

Merchant Tailor, 17 North High Street.

F. IIo^Tard,

Retail Grocer, 19 West Broad Street.

Baylia & Elsel,

Meat Market, 13 West Broad Street.

J. U. Rlckenbaclier,

Merchant Tailor, 51 North High Street.

John Gardner,

Repairer and Dealer in Guns and Rifles, 28 West Broad Street R. B Buckner,

Barber and Hair Dresser, 150 North High Street.

MUTUAL AID SOCIETIES. 401

Fred. Ki'ommer, Jacob Bolender, Wm. Schmidt, C. Benninghoff, P. E. Blesch, Philij^ J, Kromer, Alex. Hesse. Henry Schneider, Charles Bauer, Albert Daubert, John Eau, C. Born, Jr., Philip Kinnel, Louis Beck, John Staib, Chas. Kutschbach, John Schaad, J. Eadix, Chas. Buehler, C. Engelke, Geo. Kapp, and Nicholas Seeliger.

The lodge has a membership numbering fifty -three, and meets every Friday evening at the Temple.

The present officers are : Andrew Schwarz, N. G. ; Bmil Kiese- wetter, Y. G. ; Philip Lindenberg, scribe ; and P. E. Blesch, treasurer.

Trustees: Henry Schneider, Chas. Bauer, and John Kauffeld.

JuNiA Lodge, No. 474. — Organized June 17, 1871. Charter members : O. B. McAdams, J. C. Donaldson, H. C. Lonnis, "W. B. Thompson, W. H. Halliday, Chas. Higgins, Chas. G. Taft, N. H. Allen, E. J. Moore, H. W. Ellis, C. H. Butler, N. A. Sims, J. T. Gray, A. D. Shaw, W. H. Lott, J. C. Nesbitt, H. L. Booth, C. S. Ammel, M, H. Peters, J. W. Horton, J. M. Elliott, and Eodney Foos.

The lodge has at present a membership numbering sixty. Its meetings are held at the Odd Fellows' Temple every Wednesday evening. The officers at present are : W. H. Halliday, N. G. ; IST. A. Sims, V. G. ; W. H. Lott, recording secretary; W. B. Thompson, permanent secretary ; and John Mercer, treasurer.

Trustees : Eodney Foos, N. A. Sims, and Geo. V. Lott.

Staueing Lodge, No. 512. — Organized June 6, 1872. Named in honor of James H. Stauring, deceased, a zealous Odd Fellow, who, by his will, gave his property to the order for the benefit of the orphans of Odd Fellows.

Charter members : John G. Thompson, E. M. Slack, Ed. Bab- bitt, John C. Poland, David P. Smith, J. J. Kaiser, Wm. Eick- enbacher, Wm. A. Zigler, C. H. Tayler, D. H. Eoyce, F. A. Marble, E. J. Prentice. W. H. Steelman, John W. Logan, C. S. Bradley, Charles H. Chariton, John H. Marra, J. W. Schelkey, Lewis E. Williams, and James G. Pulling.

The lodge has at present a membership numbering forty-five. It meets at the Temple every Tuesday evening.

The officers at present are : F. A. Marble, P. G. ; E. M. Slack, N. G. ; Ed. Babbitt, V. G. ; Wm. Eickenbacher, secretary; W. H. Steelman, treasurer.

Greiner Lodge, No. 540. — Organized September 28, 1872. The lodge is named after John Greiner, who was, during his life, a zealous worker in Odd Fellowship in this city.

Charter members : A. S. Glenn, A. Gardner, Jr., W. B. Hawkes, J. M. Stuart, 0. Gates, Eufus Main, David Hayden, E.

402 ADVERTISEMENTS.

Syxnines E. Sroinrne,

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN

Hats, Caps,

UMBRELLAS, GLOVES AND FURNISHING GOODS, No. 96 North High Street.

Miller, Donaldson & Co.

bVT J*Qr JeS ^^Q> '■ si

5 East State Street, Columbus, Ohio.

Wholf.sale and Retail Dealer in

6r«i©ri©i & Prtvliltn^

12 and 14 North High Street, Columbus, O.

MUTUAL AID SOCIETIES. 403

S. Walker, B. B. Shodd, A. B. ?Tewburg, E, Kinsell, and E. C. Hoffman.

The lodge lias a membership numbering about forty. Its meetings are held at the Temple every Monday evening.

Officers for 1873 : A. B. Newburg, N. G. ; H.P. Grava'tt, V. G. ;

A. S. Glenn, secretarj' ; \Y. B. Hawkes, treasurer.

ENCAMPMENTS.

Capital Encampment. N'o. G. — We were unable to obtain in- formation from the secretary, Joseph Dowdall, relating to this organization.

Concordia Bncampment, No. 96 (German). — Instituted Jane 4, 18G7.

Charter members : Could not obtain them from the secretarj-, C. Grauman.

The encam]iment has a membership numbering one hundred and thirty. Its meeting are held every second and fourth Wed- nesdav of each month, at the Odd Fellows' Temjjle.

Officers for 1873 : John Kauffeld, C. P. ; August Kishner, H. P. ; Fred. Klein, S. W. ; J. Lenkhart, J. W. ; C. Grauman, scribe, and Wm. Schau, treasurer.

Columbus Encampment, No. 135. — Instituted May 18, 1871, by C. L. Eussell, G. P.

Charter members : Wm. S. Pluires, M. Halm, D. Overdier, A.

B. Eobiuson, H. Tarbill, C. S. Glenn, L. Siebert, W. A. Hersh- iser, L. E. Holmes, H. O'Kane, M. W. Bliss, D. H. Moore, J. G. Thompson, E. H. Leavitt, C. W. Eoss, G. D. Freeman, Ed. Fisher, H. L. Booth, D. F. Hershiser, A. Eitsou, Eobt. Eusk, J. Siebert, and J. O. Earey.

The encampment has a membership numbering sixtj^. Its meetings are held at the Odd Fellows' Temple ever}- Tuesday evening.

Officers for 1873 : E. H. Leavitt, C. P. ; Geoage D. Freeman, H. P. ; W. H. Halliday, S. W. ; W. B. Thompson, J. W. ; J. M. Sigler, scribe; and T>. H. Taft, Jr., treasurer.

Trustees ; J. H. Grove, J. F. Martin, and H. C. Lonnis.

Buckeye Encampment, No. 148, instituted March 25, 1872, by Grand Patriarch W. E. Hazlett, of Zanesville, assisted by the following Past Patriarchs : Grand High Priest George B. McNary, Grand Senior Warden L. G. Prentice, Grand Junior Warden C. S. Glenn ; Grand Scribe Joseph Dowdall, and Grand Sentinel S. H. Draper. Forty petitioners were present at the ceremonies. The encampment has a membership numbering ninety. It meets every Thursday evening in the Temple.

Officers fur 1873 : E. Eeynolds, C. P. ; 0. B. McAdams, H. P. ;

404 ADVERTISEMKNTS.

J. G. Maier <& Son,

DRY GfOODS, HOSIERY, NOTIONS, ETC.

119 East Friend Street, Colnmbns, Oliio.

ZETTLER BLOCK.

"WM. B"D"S.DEIiIi, Jn.

^\'ho]esaIe and Retail Manufacturer of

sus, wm wm, k

19 WORTH HIGH STREET, COLUMBUS, O.

REPAIRING DONE ON SHORT NOTICE.

(Successors to John Field,)

Dealers in all kinds of

■-* — %i

Yard, Mill, and Office: Cor. Spring and TVater Streets, Columbus, O.

All kinds of Work executed promptly.

NICHOLAS SGHLEE,

mW^^

wm

404 and 410 South Front St., Columbus, O.

nKAl.KKS IX

FLOUR, MEAL, WHEAT, CORN, OATS, Etc.

Cor. Fourth aud Rich Sts. COLUMBUS, OHIO.

MUTUAL AID HOCIETIES. 405

E. M. Slack, S. W. ; P. A. Marble, J. W. ; L. G. Thrall, scribe ; and George V. Lott, treasurer.

Odd Fellows' Beneficial Association. — Organized January 1, 1868. Incorporated July 1, 1872, under the provisions of " an act to provide tor the creation and regulation of incorporated companies in the State of Ohio, passed April 20, 1872, for the purpose of mutual protection and relief of its members, and for the payment of stipulated sums of money to the families or heirs of deceased members."

Corporators ; Wm. E. Horn, "Wm. H. Young, Joseph Dow- dall, Wm. Person, Levi G. Prentice, Samuel W. Ellis, S. P. Me- Elvain, F. B. Marble, Henry Loewer, Henry Lindenberg, Eod- ney Poos, Howard L. Booth, Andrew Schwarz, Alex. Hesse, John G. Thompson, and D. H. Eoyce.

The disbursements of this association for 1872 amounted to $20,881.62. Balance on hand January 1, 1873, ^10,876.11. Total number of membership January 1, 1873, 3,001.

Officers and trustees for 1873; Wm. E. Horn, president ; Wm. H. Young, vice-president ; Joseph Dowdall, secretary ; Wm. Per- son, treasurer ; Levi G. Prentice, S. W. Ellis, Wm. H. Young, Wm. Person, S. P. McElvain, Wm. B. Horn, P. B. Marble, Jo- seph Dowdall, Henry Loewcr, Philip Klein, Uodney Foos, Geo. V. Lott, A. Schwarz, Alex. Hesse, John G. Thompson, and D. H. Eoyce.

During the year 1872, there were 11 deaths in class A, 7 in class B, and 1 in class C. The deaths in classes A and B, were entitled to $1,000 benetits each, and the one in class 0, to $-427. The total amount of benefits paid was $18,427. There are 171 lodges represented in the association.

IMPROVED ORDER OF RED MEN.

The Great Council of the Improved Order of Red Men for the State of Ohio, was instituted at Cincinnati by Past Sachem George A. Peters, on the 7th Sleep of the Plant Moon, G. S. 5612 (7th of April, 1852), by virtue of a charter from the Great Council of the United States. The following officers of the Great Council for the State were elected and installed ; J. H. Harrison, great sachem; Samuel S. McGibbons, great senior sagamore; T. G. Shaw, great junior sagamore; T. B. Disney, great chief of records ; George A. Peters, great keeper of wampum.

The following tribes of the Improved Order of Rod Men have kindled and keep up council fires in this city :

Algonquin Tribe, No. 3. — This tribe kindled its first coun- cil fire January 10, 1852. Its charter members wore : C. P. L. .p.utler, T. G. Shaw, M. S. Hess, O. H. Shaw, and E. Hess.

406 ADVERTISEMENTS.

BHATTN" «a BB.ITCS,

Snccessorc to G. Eoberts & Co-

WHOLESALE DRUGGISTS,

24 North High Street.

Proprietors of Dcoig's Arnica Liniment, Ague Tonic, and Liver Pills.

Cr. C^BLIB,

ManufartiirrT, ^^'lIl^icsah• and lU-tail Dealer in

CA1\I>IE!§, SUGAR TOYS, ETC.

Xo. 5 yVest Broad Street, Cohtmbuft, O.

M. LUSCH,

MANUFACTUUF.U OF AND DEALER IK

153 East Friend Street, (New Zettler Block,) Columbus, 0.

CUSTOM WORK MADE TO ORDER,

CADWALLADER HOUSE.

T. CADWALLADER, Proprietor. TTS West Br-oatl Sti-eet, ColiiiiilDiis, Ohio.

LODWICK D. DAVIES,

Pealer in Select Familv

GROCERIES, TEAS. FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC FRUITS,

Veg9tibl6S, and Ohoks Fimily Floui, Bliwd Llvmri, S. W. Cor. Gay and Third Street, COLUMBUS, OHIO.

oi. J. r>KA.c;n, ARCHITECT, GENERAL DRAUGHTSMAN

AND MEAPVllKK OF All. KINDS OF

MASONRY, BRICK WORK, CARPENTER WORK, PUASTERINC, ETC.

Ho. 4 Odeon Building, Opposite State House, COLUMBUS, OHIO.

B. P. DUNFORD & CO.

jMaTinraciurers aud l*eaK'rs in

BOOTS J^lSriD SHOES

252 South High Street, Columbus, Ohio.

Reap'ctfully polii-it your palvoiuii^c.

W li>>k>-:Llo :ui.i iivUxU P.-alor In

Ctioice (jroccries, Ymm aiifl Domestic Lldiiors, Water Lime, Piaster, &c.

I'niiliu'.' ul" all Kinds tak<'n in Exchiuigo.

G Buckeye Block, East Broad Street, Columbus, Ohio.

MUTUAL AID SOCIETIES. 407

The present number of members is 135. The officers are : C. Homer, sachem ; J. G. Thomjjson, senior sagamore ; D. Clarlv, junior sagamore ; J. Jones, keeper of wampum or treasurer, and C. K. Parsons, Chief of Eecords.

The tribe meets in Odd Fellows' Hall building every Seventh Sleep, or on each Saturday night. It pays, in case of sickness, two fathoms of wampum, or two dollars per week to an initiate, and five fathoms (five dollars) to a chief's degree member. Its funeral benefit is |30. It has a widows and orphans' fund of $250, and a general tribe fund of $1,000.

Scioto Tribe, No. 22. — This is a German tribe. It was in- stituted February, 1866. Charter members : Charles Zattman, Lorenz Aumiller, George Kaercher, Bernard Steinlein, Edward Streitber, A. Witter, Henry Barthold, Philip Kromer.

Present officers : Christian Benninghoff, sachem; Jacob Bae- siger, sagamore ; Christian Voelker, junior sagamore ; P. J. Kromer, secretary ; Nicholaus Newbauer, treasurer. Trustees for tribe : Lorenz Aumiller, George Stelzer, John Baesiger. Trustees for widows and orphans : John Hartman, Fred. Brfart, Charles Zapp.

Number of members, 157. Meets at Stelzer's Hall every Thursday evening.

Society fund, $1,500 ; widows and orphans' fund, $1,400.

The tribe pays its members, in case of sickness, according to their standing in the degrees. It buries the remains of deceased members, and pays $40 toward defraying the funeral expenses. It pays the widow of a member $3 per week until her decease or remarriage, and pays toward the support of the orphan children of members, per week, $1 per child.

The tribe, at its institution, was formed of members previ- ously connected with Algonquin Tribe, No. 3. The District Sachem is P. J. Kromer. The Eepresentatives to the Great Council of Ohio, since the organization of the Tribe, have been : Charles Zattman, to Cincinnati ; George Stelzer and Bernard Steinlein, to Lima; Lorenz Aumiller, to Marietta; Philip J. Kromer, to Cincinnati ; Christian Benninghoff, to Chillicothe ; Frederick Erfurt, to Dayton.

That the tribe might hold property in its own name and right, it was incorporated October 21, 1867. Trustees of the corporation : Philip Kromer, Christian Benninghoff, and George Stelzer.

Olentangy Lodge, No. 65, Improved Order of Eed Men, was instituted April 1, 1872, at the Wigwam, in Odd Fellows' Hall, by L. G. Thrall, D. D., Great Sachem, assisted by Past Sachems T. H. Butler, Samuel Eoss, M. D. L. Henry, Jacob

408 ADVERTISEMENTS.

THE DAILY DISPATCH.

The only Evening Paper in the Capital, and the cheapest in Central Ohio, with the largest circulation of any Daily in the State, outside of Cincinnati and Cleveland.

DisPiiTGH Printing Co., PueusHERS and Phopiiietors.

Office, No. 26 North High Street,

COLXJjyiBTJS, OHIO.

The Dispatch is an independent and well estab- lished newspaper, and the fact of the old Daily Ohio Statesman having also been merged into its pub- lication during the past year, has rendered it one of the very best advertising mediums in the West, combining the cir- culation of the two papers into one, at the same rates to advertisers as before the consolidation.

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.

Daily, by Mail, per year $7 OO

Daily, by Carrier, pei- week 15

Daily, by Carrier, per iiioiitli 65

SPECIAL AND LIBERAL RATES TO YEARLY ADVERTISERS.

Advertisers can find no such medium for making themselves known to th > people of Central Ohio.

MUTUAL AID SOCIETIES. 409

Lohrer, and Charles L. Kemmerle, in the presence of a number of braves. The tribe started with thirty -two charter members, and received twelve petitions for membership. The following are the officers : P. A. Marble, sachem ; J. C. Donaldson, senior sagamore ; W. H. Halliday, junior sagamore ; George K. ISTash, chief of records, and "Wm. B. Thompson, keeper of wampum. Jos. Dowdall was created past sachem, and was elected rep- resentative to the Grand Council, which met at Dayton on the 17th of April. The lodge meets every Monday evening.

Present officers are : Sachem, E. M. Slack ; senior sagamore, D. P. Smith ; junior sagamore, J. J. Kaiser ; chief of records, Wm. B. Thompson ; keeper of wampum, Edward Babbitt ; trustee, D. H. Eoyee ; representative to the Great Council, Jos. Dowdall.

DRUIDS.

Columbus Grove, ISTo. 10, U. A. O. D., working in the Ger- man language, was instituted June 15, 1857. The following are the names of the charter members : Henry Kinney, Wm. Yoswinkel, Jos. Euemmeli, Geo. Hessenauer, P. E. Luchten- berg, Jos. Weber, F. Grieshaber, and Philip Schaedinger. The following named grand officers officiated at the instituting of the grove : Chas. Eahlbasch, IST. G. A. ; F. H. Oehlmann, Grand Secretary ; Fred. Homberger, Grand Treasurer.

The grove now numbers two hundred and eight members. Its regular meetings are held every Monday evening, at Stelzer's Hall.

The present officers are: Jacob Lohrer, Jr., P. A.; John Kauffeld, IST. A. ; Daniel Born, V. A. ; Henry Weitzel, secretary, and Phillip Corzilius, treasurer.

Capital Grove, N"o. 30, U. A. O. D., working in the English language, was instituted March 3, 1871, by Henry Kinney, JSToble Grand Arch of Ohio.

Charter members : John G. Thompson, F. Kinnel, E. G. M. ISTowell, Geo. D. Freeman, L. Heinmiller, J. G. Bull, Geo. J. Ehrie, L. Weilbacher, J. H. Crethers, W. O. Wareham, T. Schneider, S. P. McElvain, L. B. Wilson, Geo. A. Eickley, H. Heinmiller, C. Weilbacher. J, Nowell, C. Smith, L. Beck, W. L. Thomas, J. Seilheimer, H. Tarbill, and L. Einghauser.

The membership of the grove numbers sixty-nine. Its meet- ings are held at the Druids' Hall every Thursday evening.

Officers for 1873 : L. Heinmiller, noble arch ; L. E. Wilson, vice-arch ; F. W. Merrick, secretary, and George D. Freeman, treasurer.

Central Geove, No. 32, U. A. O. D., working in the English language, was instituted July 27, 1872, by Past Noble Grand

41 0 ADVERTISEMENTS.

J. H, BARCUS. _ E- BARGUS.

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN

Fine Family Groceries,

ISTo. 171 Soiath High Street,

COLUMBUS, OHIO.

J. F. CARTLIT. B. E. S51ITH.

BARTLIT & SMITH,

No. 61 South High Street,

COLUMBUS, OHIO.

M. C. LILLEY & CO.

PIANIFACTURERS OF

Hegalia and Lodge Supplies,

For Odd Fellows, Masons, Knights of Pjlhias, Red Men, Drnids, A. P. A.

AND ALL OTHER SOCIETIFS;

EoigWs Templar Qoods, Knights PytUas tTtlforms, Biniiers and Flags, Sejalla, Materials aid Tiimmiigs, No. 253 South Hi(/h Street, Columbus, O.

SEITID 3POSJ. I=HICE LISTS.

THE NEW

Improved Grover & Baker Sewing Macliiiie,

Salesrooms, 17 East State Street, COLUMBUS, O.

MUTUAL AID SOCIETIES. 411

Arch, Henry Kinney, Avitli tAventy-two charter members as fol- lows ; John G. Thompson, Jos. Dowdall, L. G. Thrall, "\Vm. H. Paul, F. A. Marble, Wm. E. Horn, G. S. Brooks, Eichard Eey- nolds, E. M. Slack, Henry Heinmiller, John J. Jones, John Fraas, Jr., T>. E. Williams, James CI. Pulling, John E. "Williams, Luther "Williams, Samuel E. Kile, Charles L, Dutoit, Charles Homer, Charles "Westeman, David Swisher, and John Siebert.

The following officers were installed in accordance with the ancient usages of the order : John G. Thompson, noble arch ; F. A. Marble, vice-arch, L. G. Thrall, secretary; G. S. Brooks, treasurer; E. Eej-nolds, inside guardian.

The grove now numbers forty members, and its membership is rapidly increasing. Its regular meetings are held every Sat- urday' evening at the Druids' Hall, Deshler building, corner of High and Town streets. The dues are tive dollars per year. The benetits are five dollars per week to fifth degree members, and three dollars to those who have not attained that degree.

The present officers are : F. A. Marble, noble arch ; "Wm. E. Horn, vice-arch; L. G. Thrall, secretary; G. S. Brooks, treas- urer ; James G. Pulling, inside guardian. The D. D. G. Arch is George J. Brandt, of Columbus Grove, iNo. 10.

Franklin Arch Chapter, No. 2, U. A. O. D., was instituted August 9, 1862. The following are the names of the charter members : C. Herbig, Philip Esper, John "Walter, J. P. Eemmy, Geo. J. Brand, Peter Glassmacher, Michael Lusch, "Wendel Seliger, Jacob Grau, Jacob Lang, John Niding, Heurj' Turkopp, Lorenz Schneider, Henry Kneydel, George Bietz, and Charles Dortmund.

The present membership numbers sixty-five. The chajJter works in the German language, and meets every second and fourth Wednesday in the month at Stelzer's Hall.

The officers for the present are : S. N. A., Henry Herbst ; sec- retary, Charles Schacnfel ; treasurer, Chas. Seynold.

CoLDJiBLs Supreme Arch Chapter, No. 10, U. A. O. D., was instituted by W. D. Supreme Arch, Geo. J. Brandt, on the 29th of November, 1871. The following are the names of the charter members: F. A. Marble, E. G. M. Nowell, John G. Thompson, Luther Williams, George J. Ehni, Levi E. Wilson, Eobert H. Wacher, Wm. Loos, George D. Freeman, James G. Pulling, Charles Weilbacher, William Furnis, Valentine Schlaefer, and Eobert T. Brookes.

The following officers were duly elected and exalted to their resi:>ective seats: E. S. Arch, F. A. Marble; secretary, John G. Thompson; treasurer, James G. Pulling; S. Eubate, George J. Ehni, J. Eubate, Eobert II. AVacher.

412 ADVERTISEMENTS.

American Hotel,

Opposite the Capitol,

E. J. BLOUNT,

, ., COLUMBUS, O.

Propfietor. '

CiiARK & FARMEK,

DEALERS IK

HA-TS, CA.P»S, FURS, AND GENTS' FURNISHING GOODS,

5 NEIL HOUSE BLOCK, COLUMBUS, OHIO.

New Cheap Boot and Shoe Store,

HANES & READ.

Wholesale and Retail.

Peraoua iu waut of good goods in our line, at fair prices, will please give ue a trial, and

we will convince tbem, that, for quality of worli and style, with prices

we will give satisfaction.

STORE ROOM NO. 205 NORTH HIGH STREET.

THE STRAITSVILLE COAL AND IRON COMPANY.

General Office, Columbus, Ohio.

MINES, NEW STRAITSVILLE, PERKY COUNTY, 0.

Suitable for Furnaces, Miuuifactories, and Household Use.

W. n. McOluns, I'res't, Oolumbus, 0. Gordon Moodie, Sec'y * Treas., Columbus. 0.

K. Y'ouart, Sup't, New Straitsville, 0.

Eiecotivo Oomaittce.

W. E. McCluug, B. C. Sniilh. w. D.nnison.

All oidcis addressed to Janios Patterson, Contraeting Aijent, Columbus,

O., wdl be promptly atttended to."

MUTUAL AID SOriEflES. 413

The memliership at present mimbers twenty -two. The ehap- ter works in the English language, aud meets twice a month in the Druid's Hall, corner of High and Town streets. The dues are five dollars a year and the benefits five dollars a week.

The oflficers for the present are: E. S. Arch, Eobert H. Waeher; secretary, F. A.- Marble; treasurer, James G. Pulling; S. Eubate, George D. Freeman ; J. Eubate, James G-. Bull.

George J. Brandt, of Franklin S. A. Chai^ter, No. 2, is W. D. S. Arch for Franklin county.

KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS.

The order of the Knights of Pythias is of comparatively recent origin. It was instituted in Washington, D. C., on the I9th of February, 1864, by J. H. Eathbone, and the Grand Lodge of the District of Columbia was organized on the 8th of April of the same year. On the 11th of August, 1868, the Supreme Lodge of the "World was organized at Washington, D. C.

On the 9th of July, 1869, Supreme Chancellor Bead instituted in this citj' the Grand Lodge of the Knights of Pythias of the State of Ohio. The next meeting of the Grand Lodge was appointed to be held in this city, on the third Wednesday in January, 1870. The third Grand Lodge was held at Mansfield,

9

February 14th and 15th, 18

Officers of the Grand Lodge of Ohio for the year 1872-73 : E. T. Hanes, Venerable Grand Patriarch, Cincinnati ; L. Fire- stone, Grand Chancellor, Wooster ; Adams Emerson, Vice Grand Chancellor, Cincinnati; Josejih Dowdall, Grand Bee. and Cor. Scribe, Columbus ; John C. Burns, Gi-and Banker, Mansfield ; George H. Phillips, Grand Guide, Hamilton ; E. F. Taggart, Grand Inner Steward, Akron ; J. W. Swope, Grand Outer Steward, Dayton.

Columbus Lodge No. 3, K. of P., was instituted May 17, 1869, by Supreme Chancellor Samuel Bead, of New Jersey, as- sisted by W. A. Porter, of Philadelphia, Supreme Banker of the Supreme Lodge of the World, with the following charter members : Joseph Dowdall, C. A. Poland, H. O'Kane, L. E. Holmes, William H. Noble, P. T. Conrad, C. Wester- man, A. F. Webb, George H. Wright, E. D. House, John Siebert, George Murray, David Clark, F. B. Marble, Adam Stephens, J. G. Hinderer, J. W. Lilley, Theodore Jones, C. M. Morris, William King, and George L. Hird. The lodge now numbers about one hundred members, and the order is fast taking rank as a beneficial order. It meets Wednesdaj^ evening of each week, in Odd Fellows' Temple.

The present officers of this lodge are : T. C. Jones, past chan-

414 ADVRRTISEMENTS.

f apital ply Ma^Mee If #f ki.

R. RAUSENBERG, Proprietor.

ALL KINDS OF

MACHINE WORK AND REPAIRING DONE.

Also, all kinds of Fence,- Grating, and Bailings. Rio. 107 EAST TOWIV, - - Carpenter Block.

It. Jl. ADAilS. \V. H. ALLISON. A. S. FIELD,

R. B. J^IDJ^^LS & CO.

DEALERS IX

LUMBEE, LATH, SHINGLES,

DOORS, SASH, BLINDS, AND MOULDINGS, And Mantifacturers of all hinds of FLOOJilKG, SIDIlfG, PICKETS, etc.

OFFICE AND YAED, MILL AKIl TARP,

OOE. PARK AND CHESTNUT STS. COS. WEST AND BANDOLPH STS.

COLUMBZ^S. OHIO.

Louis Hosteu. L. P. Hoster. Geo. J. Uostek.

GUY LAGER BEER BREWERY,

No. 371 South Front Street, Columbus, 0.

[l!£irBSSls[HTMilJ[WflFKS^

COKNEIt OF .SIRING AND WATER STREETS, COLTTSlIiVS. O.

GEORGE POTTS,

GENERAL BRASS WORK,

(jLOItK, AM;I,K, and CllKOK VAI,VKS, STKAM ASD WATEK COOKS.

Wlujlomil,. DonI,.,- in Wn.usht Tro„ I'i,,,. ,ui,l Filtinss. U.v.lrants, lloso, Uoso .I..inl^ .uul

No/.-zl™, t.p.H-,,,1 aOrnnnu R,v..„ 1., Stkasi II^atInc, An-.vuvTrs aid S1...U. a ml

Wiilor Piiw Work, ii. all tlioir various bnuiclK^

MUTUAL AID SOCIETIES. 415

cellor commander; A. F. Webb, chancellor commander; F. A. Marble, vice-chancellor ; E. C. Collier, keeper of records and seal ; C. A. Poland, master of finance ; F. B. Marble, master of exchequer ; John Gr. Thompson, master-at-arms ; W. H. Paul, prelate ; E. M. Slack, representative.

Germania Lodge, No. 4. — This lodge was instituted at the same time and place as the Columbus, Lodge, No. 3.

Charter members : Henry Lindenberg, Jacob Bleile, Henry Heinze, C. H. Lindenberg, Geo. T. Brand, P. Lindenberg, Au- gust Kuehner, Henry Voelkel, John Kauffeld, Charles Heide, Peter Hess, Christ. Deeg, George Borchess, Ch. Bilber, William Schmidt, Fred. Klein, William Schau, George Keck, Charles Zapp, and W. F. Kaufmann.

This lodge has at present a membership numbering one hun- dred and ten. It meets every Tuesday evening, at Odd Fel- lows' Temple.

Officers : John M. Schmidt, V. P. ; Henry Wenzel, W. C. ; George Muchelheim, V. C"; C. Graumann, scribe, and Peter Hess, treasurer.

Franklin Lodge, No. 5, was instituted at the same time as the above.

Charter members : C. S. Glenn, W. E. Horn, H. P. Judd, Geo. E. Elliott, A. D. Judd, W. H. Zigler, J. M. Elliott, G. B. McNary, P. A. Elliott, F. Houstle, John Yercoe, W. H. Young, E. T. Eees, O. B. McAdams, D. B. Goodell, J. E. Armstrong, A. Vincent, S. P. McBlvain, E. C. Judd, Lee Dunning, B. H. Howe, J. Uhler, J. 0. Barker, John Eeeves, John Kolbeustetter, C. Brickell, George V. Lott, J. H. Doten, T. F. Griffin, W. S. Joseph, E. Eeynolds, and J. J. Funston.

The lodge membership at present numbers forty-nine. It meets every Friday evening, at Odd Fellows' Temple.

Officers; Henry Light, P. C. ; L. M. Judd, C. C. ; E. C. Judd, V. C; S. P. McElvain, M. of E. ; Charles Bradley, K. of E. and S. ; H. P. Judd, M. at A. ; Charles Hecht, J. G., and B. Eey- nolds, 0. G.

KNIGHTHOOD.

The Eight Worthy Grand Camp of the Independent Order of Knighthood was organized in California in 1868, it succeeding the Grand Camp of that State as the supreme head of the or- der. Its headquarters were removed to this city after the or- der had become established in Ohio, and its subsequent sessions (two in number) have been held here. At the last session, held in October, 1872, an entire new code of laws was adopted, and other steps taken to place the organization upon a permanent

416 ADVERTISEMENTS.

Successor lo John G. Jliller, Esq.,

jrSTICE OF THE PEACE, MOSITGOMERY TOWIVSHIP

31 South High Street, Columbus, Ohio.

E. HESSIlSr & CO.

WHOLESALE BRUSHES,

148 South High Street, up Stairs, Columbus, Ohio.

J. HENRY WITT, artfst.

No. 81 South High Street, COLUMBUS, OHIO.

Civil Engineer and Real Estate Broker,

JOHNSON BUILDING, liOOJt XO. 4.

Wholesale and Eetail Dealer in Tin, Copper, and Glass Wares,

Cash for Feathers, Itags, Metals, Hides and Pelts, at all times. JVo. J53 Front Street. Colutnbtts, Ohio.

PHILADELPHIA CONFECTIONERY, 130 EAST TOWN ST.

Wedding and Evening Partiep Sipplied at Short Notice, Home and Acroad. EXCELSIOR ICE CREAM, S2 PER GALLON. 100 Different Kinds of Candies made at this House Daily.

W. O. W'i'ATT, Proprietor. I>. 31 c A J^ L I S T E R,

Wliolo-alo and Kelail Poalor in

Flour, Feed, Grain, Baled IIay,&c.

ISO, ISS, nnd l:>4 Jiost l;irh Street.

J . A IV D R E W, P I. U H B E R ,

Under Adams itVy^^v.s Office , Columbus^ O,

PoaUT ill Ilyilrants, Streot Washers, llnee Tipoand Coviplinps, Pumps, Baths, Water Closets, WiiHh Basins, and a (jcuiTal Assortment of tin.' Bist Mat^-rials used in ttie Trade.

ALL ORDERS WTLL RECKIVE PROHIPT ATTENTION.

MUTUAL AID SOCIETIES. 417

footing. The following persons are the present officers of the Camp :

E. W. Grand Euler, F. A. Marble, of Columbus ; E, W. D. Grrand Euler, John H. G-ault, of Cincinnati; E. W. Grand Sec- retary, Joseph Dowdall, of Columbus ; E. W. Grand Treasurer, A. F. Webb, of Columbus ; W. Grand Prelate, J. H. Hart, of Cincinnati ; "W. Grand Herald, A. Brauneck, of Wooster ; W. Grand Marshal, L. L. Cantwell, of Coshocton ; W. Grand Warden, George E. Sharp, of Steubenville, and W. Grand Guard, Jacob Haering, of Columbus.

The next annual session will also be held in this city, com- mencing on the 21st of October, 1873.

Ohio Camp, No. 1, was instituted JSTovember 11,1870, byW. M. Stephenson, E. W. G. E.

Charter members : Joseph Dowdall, Henry Lindenberg, "VVm. E. Horn, F. B. Marble, Philip Lindenberg, J. E. Armstrong, C. H. Lindenberg, C. A. Poland, G. E. Elliott, O. B. McAdams, and H. P. Judd.

This camj) has a membership at present numbering one hun- dred and nine.

The officers for 1873 are : Eichard Eeynolds, C. E. ; L. F. Kilbourne, D. E. ; J. J. Funston, secretary ; F. B. Marble, treas- urer.

Trustees : John G. Thompson, L. G. Thrall, andW. H. Young.

The camp meets in Odd Fellows' Temple every Monday evening.

Industry Camp, Ho. 3, was instituted July 22, 1871, by Joseph Dowdall.

Charter members: A. F. Webb, F. E. Wilson, Sen., D. H. Eoyce, Ed. Babbitt, James G. Pulling, W. F. Poland, John Sie- bert, D. P. Smith, B. M. Slack, John Heinmiller, and A. D. Show.

This camp has a membership at present numbering ninety- six.

The officers for 1873 are : A. S. Glenn, C. E. ; Philo H. Eaw- son, D. E. ; C. E. Palmer, secretary, and E. B. Collier, treasurer.

The place of meeting is at Odd Fellows' Temple.

Teutonia Camp, No. 5 (German), instituted lately, has a mem- bership numbering about fifty.

Officers for 1873: C. Eoehr, C. E. ; J. Bleile, D. E. ; Jacob Lohrer, secretary ; L. Zeitter, treasurer.

FIRST AND SECOND GERMAN BENEFICIAL SOCIETIES.

In October, 1841, there were organized in this city two Ger- man artillery companies — the First and Second. The officers of

418

ADVERTISEMENTS.

E. A. FITCIt.

W. M CEOET.

HOCKING,

STKAITSVILLE,

BLOSSIiUUG,

yOUGHIOGHENY,

PITTSBURGH,

OANNEL,

DEALERS IN

COAL

COKE,

/LEHIGH,

i lackawanna, v'onxellsville, cambeidge, /bellaire,

IcOSHOCTON.

Office: ]Vo. 3 IVorth High St.

Yard at Crossing of Broad Street, and Columbus and Hocking Valley Railroad,

COLUMBUS, OHIO.

We desire to call ppeciftl attention to onr Stove and Grate Ci'al, as being tbe finest Coal ever

introduced in this City, being entirely free from slate, slack or dirt.

All Coal sold by Weight.

WM. A. PLATl', President.

FliANK HICKOK, Sec'y andXreas.

DOOR, SASH AND BLINDS CO.

MA.VUFACTURERS OF

Moldings, and Builders' Mil) Work of Every Description.

AL.'^O DEALV.RS IS

Factory and Planing: ]>Iill,

Wm BROAD STREET, at Prossing of C. & H. V, Railroad, fOLCMBBS, OHIO.

H. MiTiiOFF. >V_ Saile.

H. MIT IIOFF & CO.

AVtioK'pale DimiUts in

MM.'m^w ^mm

^

Iron, Nails, Steel, Tinners' Stock and Tools, Glass, Paints, Etc., JV. i:. Cor. High aiid^Fricnd Sis. COLUMBUS, OlIIO.

Agents for II. Disston Oc Son's Mill Saws.

MUTUAL AID SOCIETIES. 419

the first company at the organization, and for some time after, were: Cornelius Jacobs, captain; Bernard Briick, first lieuten- ant ; John Will, second lieutenant ; J. P. Bruck, orderly ser- gant, and John Bickly, ensign.

The officers of the second company at its organization, who also acted for some time, were ; Peter Ambos, captain ; Louis Hoster, first lieutenant ; Frederick Beck, second lieutenant ; D. Wendell, orderly sergant, and Adam Luckhaupt, ensign.

In about a year after the formation of the two artillery com- panies, they formed a battalion, and chose George Prankenberg colonel ; Jacob Eeinhard, major, and Dr. Otto Zirkel, adjutant.

In 1845, the organization, as First and Second German Ar- tillery Companies, were disbanded, and on January 3, 1846, they were reorganized under the name of First and Second German Beneficial Societies. The two societies at that time had about one hundred and twenty members, all of whom were Ger- mans.

The societies pay their members weekly installments in case of sickness, bury their dead, and provide for the widows and orj)hans of deceased members. The present number of mem- bership of the two organizations is one hundred and thirty, and the meetings of the two societies are held at Stelzer's Hall, once a month.

OfiScers of the First German Beneficial Society for 1873 : John Wenz, president ; August Euetty, secretary, and G. Stelzer, treasurer.

Officers of the Second German Beneficial Society for 1873 : Frederick Bauer, president ; Jacob Ebbe, vice-president ; J. A. Hoermle, secretary ; Peter Glassniacher, treasurer.

Trustees : L. Buchsieb, F. Eeither, and H. Horch.

CATHOLIC GERMAN BENEVOLENT ASSOCIATIONS.

This organization is national in its character, and is composed of our Catholic German citizens. Branch organizations exist in all parts of the United States. Its object is the mutual benefit of the members, by assisting them when sick, burying the re- mains of deceased brothers, and protecting the widows and orphans.

The subordinate societies in this city are as follows :

St. Martin's Catholic Benevolent Society. — This society was organized January 1, 1858. It was incorporated May 7, 1866.

The affiliated societies, with which this one is connected, hav- ing become one of the main mutual aid organizations of the United States, this society, in 1861, sent a representative to

420 ADVERTISEMENTS.

COLUMBUS MACHINE CO.

Mnmifactitrers of I'ortabfe and Stntionarij

STEAM ENGINES, also BLOWING ENGINES

FOll BLAST FURNACES,

CASTINGS, SHAFTINGS, PULLEYS, BOILERS,

Mill Gearing and Machinery, Eng'ine Pumps, Trip Hammers Improved Circular and Mulay Saw Mills, Botorts, Pipes, and Castinijs for Coal Oil and Gas IVorks.

C. & H. FUERSTE,

SADDLES, HARNESS,

COLLARS, WHLPS, etc.

No. 241 S. High Street, COLUMBUS, O.

(Jfranlilin flati0«Hl §anl

No. 11 EAST TOWN STREET.

o^:pit-A.Ij, - - - $150,000.

DAVID OVERDIER, Cashier. JXO. G. DESHLER, PresiJ.nl.

C. B. STEWART, Teller.

N. Patterson, W. A. Bubt. w. R. Ocies. \V, S. 1'atteeson.

PATTERSON, BURT & CO.

J"OBBEE,S OF

SADDLERY, HAIIDWE, AND HDDSE GLOIHIIG,

FRENCH CALFSKINS, LEATHER AND FINDINGS,

No. 1 GWYNNE BLOCK,

Corner Town and Third Streets, C^QtcL'XS^?^, QMIQ,

■ ' MUTUAL AID SOCIETIES. 421

Zanesville, where the general convention of similar associations "was held. The general council of these associations is known as the German Eoman Catholic Central Asssociation of the "United States. The representatives of St. Martin's Society to the Central Association have been : Charles Baehr, in 1861, at Zanesville, and in 1862, at Cincinnati ; John Bnder, at Brie, in 1863 ; Very Eov. J. B. Homsteger, in 1864, at Milwaukee ; Adam Weisbecker, in 1865, at Pittsburg, and in 1866, at New York city ; August Euetty, in 1868 and 1870, at Louisville ; Bernard Fisher, in 1869, at Chicago ; Wendelin Seile, in 1872, at Dayton, and in 1873, at Detroit.

The society numbers eighty-eight members. It meets on the first Sunday in each month in the school-house hall of Holy Cross Church. Its ofiicers are : Lorenz Hack, president ; Jacob Ims, vice-president ; August Ruetty, secretary ; Michael Lob- ner, financial secretary, and Prank Stein, treasurer .

St. John's Catholic Benevolent Society. — This society was organized on St. John's day, December 27, 1863, and incorpo- rated, under the general state law, January 30, 1865.

The following members have represented the society in the Central Association : C. Wittman, in 1864, at Erie, Pennsyl- vania, and ia 1865, at Milwaukee ; George J. Lang, in 1866, at Buffalo, N. T., and in 1867, at Pittsburg, Penn. ; John H. Orf, in 1868, at New York city ; George J. Eodenfels, in 1869, at Chicago ; August Euetty, in 1870, at Louisville, and in 1871, at Baltimore; and John Eohletter. in 1872, at Dayton, and in 1873, at Detroit.

The society recently procured a new banner at a cost of about $700. Its design is said to be very beautiful. The funds in the treasury amount to $2,800. The regular meetings of the society are held on the first Sunday in each month in the school- house hall of Holy Cross Church. The ofiicers arc : B. Bau- meister, president ; Frank Sholl, vice-president ; C. Eowsinger, secretary ; P. Glasmacher, treasurer ; Franz Wiez, financial secretary.

The society has a membership at present numbering one hundred and fifty.

St. Francis Xavier Catholio Benevolent Society. — This society was organized on the 3d of September, 1868. They have not as yet elected a representative to the Central Society.

The society membership numbers seventy. Its meetings are held at the school-house connected with the St. Mary's Church, on the second Sunday of every month.

Ofiicers for 1873 : John Hoinman, president ; Frederick Weber, vico-president ; A. Shopplerei, secretary; Jacob Neumeier, financial secretary, and Nicholaus Brehl, treasurer.

422 ADVERTISEMENTS.

SUFISRIOR BUMTISTRYn

J A niIMM Manufacturer of the IniproTcd Porcelain Tooth and Plate of one I Ai lIurllB) soliil-like material; continuous gum, combining beauty, purity, fltreiigtb, and diirabiJity. Warranted for a lifetime not to wear out, or break in eating even the Iiardest food. When broken carelessly out of tbo moutb, can be repaired, or even replaced at $10 per set. Thus, its dvbauilitt renders it the cheapest work made. It has no crevices to secrete extraneGiis matter, which is not true of any other style, consequently a saving to the health each year of at leawt the cost of a plate.

I make any style of Artiflrial Teeth wanted. Give especial attention to filling th*» natural teeth. Use pure nitrous oxide gas lor extracting. Can be found at Diy Office at any liour,

Nos. 7 & 11 Oper.i Honse Block, Columbus, 0. I^. ID. IPI^OTJT"^,

DEALER IN

AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS,

30 NORTH HIGH STREET,

Wesl Side, bet. Broad and Gay, COIilTMBUS.

DEALERS IN

LIQUORS ^X CIGARS, TOBACCO, Etc. S. E. Cor. Broad & Front Sts. COLUMBUS.

AND DEALER IN

Wool, Hides, Pelts, Furs, Beeswax anfl Tallow, Cloyer anfl Timotliy Seel

WABIEM@iSi, m^. m WiST Bfl0A0 ST,

CORNEK FkONT StRE.T, COLUMBUS.

MUTUAL AID SOCIBTIBS. 423

COLUMBUS TYPOGRAPHICAL UNION NO. 5.

As early. as 1831, there was instituted, under the name of Co- lumbus Typographical Society, an organization of journeymen- printers. This first society j)assed out of existence, and in 1850, another organization was eifected. The printers, in 1852, re- organized as one of the branches of the National Typographi- cal Union, with the name of Columbus Typographical Union No. 5.

Charter members : Thomas Wetzler, "Wm. H. Paul, R. S. McEwen, J. K. Parshall, James F. Turney, Wm. R. Eamsey, A. G. Reynolds, and J. T. Hayes.

The object of the union : To cherish, protect, and promote the interests and rights of its members as workingmen, to cultivate the social ties existing between members of the craft, to abolish injurious privileges, and to bring all under the restraint of wholesome duty.

The society numbers about eighty members. Its meetings are held in the Westbote building, the first Saturday in every month.

Officers for 1873: James F. Turney, president; Craven R. Riley, vice-president ; Walter M. Clancy, recording secretary ; Wm. F. Poland, corresponding secretary ; W. P. Stephens, finan- cial secretary, S. W. Gale, treasurer, and John Miller, librarian.

Number of volumes in the library of the union about two hundred.

Trustees : Grafton Pearce, W. F. Poland, and Craven R. Riley.

The union was also incorporated, under the general laws of the State, January, 1873.

ARBEITEB, VEREIN.

This society was originally organized in 1849, as the Indus- trial Lodge, No. 11, a branch of the National Grand Council of the United States, and was composed entirely of mechanics. Soon after the commencement of the late war, the association, as a national organization, ceased to exist, and the want of another society having the same object in view, to be local in its mem- bership, becoming generally known, gave rise to the present or- ganization, known as the Arbeiter Verein. The present society admits all classes of laborers, whether mechanics or not. Its meetings are secret. The present number of members is one hundred and forty -three.

The object of the organization is the elevation and protection of the working class. Its motto is : "United we are victorious—

424 ADVERTISEMENTS.

15 ST.A.TE STK.:E]ET 15

MERCHANT TAILORING ESTABLISHMENT,

CAPITOL SQUARE, COLUIKIBUS, 0. W. G. PERKS, PROPRIETOR.

Large Stock of Foreign and Domestic Goods. GarmentB made up in the latest style at Lnwpst Cash Prices.

ISAAC B. POTTS,

STSAM FZTTSn iilTD FZilTMBSIl

139 North High Street^ Columbus^ Ohio.

Dealer in all kinds of Steanrj Fitters' and Plunnbers* Goods.

No. 10 EAST BROAD STREET, COLUMBUS, OHIO.

a. F. ^\^h:eelek,

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALEE IN

WHOLESALE DEALERS IN

18 NORTH HIGH STREET, COLUMBUS, O.

ALFRED RITSON^, IVholesale and Retail Druggist^

94 SOUTH HIGH STREET, COLUMBUS, O.

JOHN ai. r>ErsiG,

DB.'D'GCZST iLXTD CZZEMZST,

No. 70 EAST TOWN STREET, COLUMBUS, OHIO.

j|@°= Prescriptions carefully compounded, G. T. Tress, formerly with Wni. Blynn. G. D. Hahrinqton, lute Col. V. S. A

TRESS & HARRINGTON, DEALERS IN AMERICAN AND IMPORTED WATCHES,

DIAMONDS, SOLID SILVER AND SILVER-PLATED GOODS, Ifo. 3S NOItTH HIGH STUEET, - - . COLUMBUS, OHIO.

■VST. ILT. OOLLOIMI,

Dealer in Hats, Caps, and Furs,

TRUNKS, VALISES, UMBRELLAS, CANES, GLOVES, Etc.

No. 142 South High Street, COLUMBUS, OHIO.

MUTUAL AID SOCIETIES. 425

separated we must surrender ; union makes strength ; science is power, as labor is the origin of all wealth."

The amount of funds in the treasury at present is |2,600. The members pay an annual due of five dollars, and receive, in case of being disabled, a weekly payment of five dollars. Meetings are held at Stelzer's Hall every first and third Wednesday of the month.

The present officers are Henry Herbst, president ; John Beuerle, vice-president ; Frederick Herbst, financial secretary; C. Eilber, recording secretary, and C. Tuerkopt, treasurer.

Trustees : John Seitenstecker, Charles J. Gottschall, and Christian Wittman.

BNE BEEITH.

Zion Lodge, No. 62, Independent Order Bne Berith, was in- stituted by authority from the District Grand Lodge No. 2, August 20, 1865, with seventeen charter members. Its first offi- cers were Louis Kleeman, president; Joseph Giindersheimer, vice-president ; Otto Nusbaum, secretary, and Mayer Hecht, treasurer. It is a secret organization, and composed entirely of Hebrew citizens.

The object of the organization is "Benevolence." The society meets in the Odd Fellows' Temple every other Sunday evening. The present number of members is fifty-eight. The association has a fund for the widows and orphans of deceased brothers amounting to $2,200.

Connected with this organization is also a mutual endowment fund, from which, on the death of a member, at the present num- ber of membership, his heirs are entitled to $2,100, each member paying two dollars toward the same.

Officers for 1873 : Moses Adler, president ; F. Eoedelsheimer, vice-president; J. M. Schlessinger, secretary, and A. Stein- hauser, treasurer.

KNIGHTS OF ST. CKISPIN.

Capital Lodge, No. 167, Knights of St. Crispin, was organized February 20, 1866, by E. Hall, M. Nevill, J. Hoffman, P. Murphy, G. Mangold, Owen Merritt, and L. Miller.

The object of the society is the protection of labor, and it is composed entirely of boot and shoemakers. The present num- ber of members is fifty.

Officers for 1873 are Thomas Herpick, S. K. ; Henry Michael, K.; J. E. Fay, C. S. ; Timothy Cochrane, P. S.; Louis Miller, F. S., and G. Maccabee, treasurer.

The meetings of the association are held every first and third Monday in the month at Straoder's Hall.

426 ADVERTISEMENTS.

HITHDES, OIL, j^ist^ LEJ^THIEI^,

Corner Mound and Canal, Columbus, Ohio-

Peteh Hatdzk. E. K. Ste^'aet, Cashier. W, B. Hatden.

IP. :E3:j^izrjD:Hii<r &c oo.

Successors to Ilayden, Hutcheson & Co.

9 SOUTH HIGH STREET, COLUMBUS, OHIO.

National Exchange Bank.

CAPITAL, - - - $200,000.

U]\ITED STATES DEPOSITARY.

Wil. G. DESULER, President. C. J. HARDY, Cashier. GEO. W. SINKS, Teller.

WM. K. DESULER, Book-keeper. JNO. G. DESHLER, Jr., Ass't.

I^OT Zi. SMZTXI,

Justice of the Peace and Notary Public,

IVO. 284 SOrXB HIGH STREET,

TnURilAX HALL BUILDIN'G. ATTENDS FKOMrTLY TO ALL BUSINESS INTRUSTED TO HIS CARE.

JOMM S. ROBERTS,

WlioleMilr anj Retail

33 1=8. XJ Gr C3r I ^

DKi'liT DUUG siiiin;,

238 NORTH HIGH STREET, COLUMBUS, 0,

MUTUAL AID SOCIETIES. 427

TnEODORE PARKER LODGE, NO. 17, AMERICAN PROTESTANT ASSO- CIATION.

Organized May 25, 1866. The object of the society is "to preserve the liberty of conscience in connection with the sup- port of its members." It has a membership numbering fifty- nine. Its meetings are held at Stelzer's Hall every Thursday evening.

OfQcers for 1873 : Christian Dressel, W. M. ; Frederick Eausch- kolb, D. jM.; Edward Homann, recording secretary; Conrad Eoehr, financial secretary; Jacob Young, assistant secretaiy; Charles Synold, treasurer; Christian Bacliman, first C; Loronze Zeitler, second C. ; Conrad Schneider, T. G. ; Heni-y Brand, A. G., and Leonhard Eeusch, chaplain.

ORDER OP UNITED AMERICAN MECHANICS.

Olentangy Council, No. 16, of the Order of United American Mechanics, was instituted in this city August 1, 1872.

The object of the organization is, "To jjreserve our free con- stitutional government upon the basis of justice and humanity toward every member of tlie community; to encourage honesty, industry, and sobriety ; and to establish a policy which will in- sure to the industrious mechanic and working man a fair remu- neration of their toil, and a respectable position in society."

The council numbers at present one hundred members. The meetings of the same are held at their hall, in the Barcus build- ing, every Tuesday evening.

Present ofiicers : W. F. Poland, C. ; H. P. Judd, V. C. ; J. C. Coleman, E. S. ; W. P. Stephens, A. E. S. ; C. B. Palmer, F. S. ; W. E. Kent, treasurer; Wm. Davis, I. ; Jacob Bowen, E.; Geo. A. Eoof, I. P. ; J. M. Packard, O. P.; Ed. P. Horn, Jr., Ex. C. ; L. M. Judd, Sen. Ex. C. Trustees ; Jas. G. Bull, L. A. Bowers, and W. F. Poland.

JUNIOR ORDER OP UNITED AMERICAN MECHANICS.

Energy Council, ISTo. 8, Junior 0. U. A. M., was instituted Oc- tober 7, 1872, in Good Templars' Hall, by L. W. Van Horn, Deputy ISTational Councilor, assisted by brothers of Eelief Coun- cil, No. 6, of Delaware, Ohio.

The object of the society is, " To maintain and promote the interests of the American youth, and shield them from the de- pressing effect of foreign competition, and to assi.st Americans in obtaining employment."

The membership of the association numbers fifty.

428 ADVERTISEMENTS.

HALM, BELLOWS & BUTLER,

Manufacturers and Wholesale and Retail Dealers iu

Furniture

Cane and Wood Seat Chairs, PARLOR AND LIBRARY FURNITURE IN GREAT VARIETY,

Pier Glasses, Center Tables, Book Cases,

SECRETARIES, ETC.

Spring Bed Bottoms and Mattresses

OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS.

Oflice and Wareroonis,

194 and 196 S. High Street.

Factory,

COR. SOUTH AND CANAL STREETS.

MUTUAL AID SOCIETIES. 429

Officers for 1873 : W. E. Peckham, C. ; Jno. G-. Lusch, V. C. ; Chas. C. Eeel, E. S. ; C. F. Peters, A. E. S. ; Geo. F. Amos, F. S. ; Jno. F. Davidson, T. ; Chas. E. Lonon, Con. ; "VV. O. Love, W. ; C. G. Lilley, J. S. ; Albert Garrard, O. S. ; W. F. Poland, Jr., P. C.

Trustees : W. F. Poland, Jno. G. Lusch, Chas. C. Eeel.

Meets every Wednesday evening in 0. U. A. M. Hall, Barcus building. No. 121 South High street.

GERMAN butchers' ASSOCIATION.

Organized August 12, 1867. Present number of members, 25.

Officers : E. Groesle, president ; A. Daubert, vice-president ; J. Nagel, secretary; C. Born, Sen., treasurer.

Executive committee: C. Born, Sen., John Siegle, P. Bet- ter. Meets at Henry Schreiner's hall once a month.

The association, as its name implies, admits as members Ger- man butchers only. It pays four dollars per week to sick mem- bers, and buries the remains of deceased brethren.

THE ST. Joseph's mutual benevolent association.

This association was organized October 1, 1871, and incorporated October 26, 1871, under the general law of the State. Trustees of incorjjoration : John Colomy , John Henan, and Peter Eagan. Its aim is to alleviate the sufferings of its members, zealously watch at the bedside of the sick, smooth the pillow of the dying, per- form the last sad rites at the grave of a brother, and offer con- solation to the affiicted.

The association meets on the first Sunday in each month in St. Patrick's school-house. It numbers 28 members. The offi- cers are; Patrick Bresnahan, president ; Andrew Kearns, vice- president ; John Madigan, secretary ; Edward Donahue, treas- urer ; John Henan, John Colomy, and Peter Eagan, trustees.

machinists and blacksmiths' union no. 5.

This organization is composed of machinists and blacksmiths, and was established in this city by John Fehrenbatch, Esq., . president of the International Union in North America, in the old City Hall, July 12, 1871, it being a branch organization of the International Union of North America. The association is said to be very strong in the United States. Its object is, in a few words, mutual elevation and benevolence. The Union No. 5 has at present 60 members. It meets in Good Templars' Hall every Thursday night.

Charter members : Geo. O. McDonald, John H. Uncles,

430 ADVERTISEMENTS.

H tr 15 B A. i£ r> & J o IV e: s , BOOKSELLEftS, STATIONERS AND NEWS DEALERS,

**CeiUyal Bookstore," Next to JPost Office, Columbus, O,

We respectfully solicit the attention of the public to our large and. well-assorted stock of Books and Stationery. We have taken great pains in selecting and buying the newest and best linps of stock to be had in the Eastern Market, and have increased the amount and variety of stock fivefold since we came into possession of the business. We therefore feel able to meet the demands and to satisfy the public as to pricf-s. Our Store has been refitted and materially improved in its inside accommodations and appearance.

Franklin Insurance Co.

COLUMBUS, OHIO.

B-n c/if iT/U, - - ,$aoo>ooo.£)o

piRECTOf\S,

J. GnEENi.r.AF, "» B. E. Smith,

W. B. IIawkes, vExocutive Committee. W. G. IH'^hlee

F. C. Sessions, J j. p. Brick,

A. G. TuiuiMAX, E. B.vEcis, Isaac Ebeelt.

II. 0. KANE, Secretary. J. GREENLEAF, President.

Z. WOOD, Manager. S. 3t. SllKUD, Solicitor.

(ESTAHI l.sllEP lb;4-l.)

SCHUELLER'S EAGLE DRUG STORE,

CORNER OF HIGH ANH EliU STUKKTS, COI.UMBUS, O.

AUG. J. SCHUELLER,

Proprietor, and Pctiirr in

DRUGS, CHEMICALS, MEDICINES, TROS.sES, TOILET ARTICLES,

PERFUMERY, PURE WINES AND UOUORS, ETC.

AM) MANt'FACTUUEK OF

HIIMIUILDT'S rEKSl.VN IN'SEOl' rt)\V11HH,

.solium, l.KUS .VRIHIATIO WOUM I'liWDKR

.lOllNSTON'S Sl'Ki IKU' Foi; IIUUNKENNESS

JOHNSTON'S ANTI-TOBACCO COMFOrND SWEDISH LIFE ELlXui.

MUTUAL AID SOCIETIES. 431

W. H. Ford, Jacob Albright, Amos Eoberts, W. H. Sooville, J. Kaiser, C. Kaiser, Geo. Murray, Eli. P. Campbell, M. Shea, B. W. Lalley, David Clark, C. S. Bagley, and C. F. Jacobs.

Officers for 1873 : Thomas Hyland, president ; W. A. Sehart, vice-president ; Geo. O. McDonald, recorder and corresponding secretary ; Thomas Coppered, financial secretary ; W. H. Ford, treasurer ; W. J. Fogerty, conductor, and Charles F. Johnson, doorkeeper.

Trustees : P. J. Manley, Jas. H. "Wilson, and Geo. Dien- hardt.

Executive committee ; Geo. O. McDonald, Thomas Hyland, B. Eushmer, T. Coppered, and J. Jamper. Geo. 0. McDonald is the deputy elect to represent the union at the International Union convention.

COLUMBUS MINISTERIAL ASSOCIATION.

This association has been in operation for many years. Its object is mutual edification and assistance in the work of the ministry. It purports to be composed of the ministers of all the " evangelical " churches of the city. Those ministers, however, who are not esteemed " evangelical " are admitted to seats in the meetings, and to a participation in the discussions.

The regular meetings of the association are held at nine A. M. every Monday, in the basement of the Town Street M. E. Church. At these meetings essays and sermons are read by members on topics previously assigned, and discussions follow on such es- says or sermons, or on questions otherwise arising. During the hot summer weather, the meetings are suspended.

Rev. David Harries, of the Long Street Welch Calvinistic- Methodist, or Presbyterian Church, is president of the associa- tion, and Eev. E. E. McNulty, of the Westminster Presbyterian Church, is secretary.

Clerical Aid Society. — A society was recently formed in this city called the Laymen's Clerical Aid Society of the Diocese of Ohio. Its object is to provide a fund to be paid to the family of the deceased clergyman, both canonically and actually resident of this diocese, at the time of his death. As its name implies, laymen only can become members of the society. In the case of the death of a clergyman to whose family relief is to be ex- tended, the assessment upon each member is two dollars. One dollar is paid on initiation as a member of the society. Its offi- cers are : John W. Andrews, president ; A. N. Whiting, treas- urer, and Eobert S. Smith, secretary.

Peeachers' Eeliep Society. — Incorporated April 27, 1860.

432 ADVERTISEMENTS.

P. HAYDEN & SON,

MANDFACTTJKEES OF

fl

AND

COACH HARDWARE,

CARRIAGE TRIMMINGS, etc.

^VAREHOUSE:

24 & 26 BROAD ST., COLUMBUS, OHIO.

COLUMBUS IRON WORKS.

Manufacturers of

FLAT, ROVmn, SQVABE, AND OVAL,

Horse-slioe, Bani, and Hoop, Lislit T-Rail and Street Railroail Iron.

ALSO, ALL SIZES OF

Tinners', Telegraph, Fence, and Vineyard Wire, Thimble Skeins and

Boxes, Bridge and Building Bolts. And Drnlors In Steel Nails, Sheet onil Boiler Iron, KUiptie Sprinps ami Iron txles Carriftse Holts, Nuts and Washers, Horse Shoes, lloi-se-shoe >ails and Nail Itoiis' Itlaeksniiths' Tools, Anvils, Vises, Drills, Bcllons, Carriaije and Wagon tVoodnork'

KOLLING JIILL AND WAREHUUSB,

State Avenue, bet. Broad and Long Sts., ColumbUS, 0,

AMUSEMENTS AND MUSICAL SOCIETIES. 433

Object : to furnish a support for the superannuated preachers of the Ohio M. E. Annual Conference, their widows and orphans.

Number of members at present, 90.

The officers of the society are : B. !N". Spahr, president ; S. Eankin, vice-president; T. W. Stanley, secretarj^; Dr. J. M. Trimble, treasurer ; John Taylor (layman) , assistant treasurer. ManaEjers : James Mitchell, A. B. See, C. A. Van Anda, T. H. Phillips, Isaac Crook, Levi Hall, T. H. Hall, H. H. Ferris, and S. M. Bright.

Gruitli Verein. — Organized May 2.3, 1870. The object of this society is mutual benefit and social entertainments. It is composed entirely of Swiss citizens of the city. The society has a membership numbering forty. Its meetings are held at John Freeh's hall every first and third Wednesday of each month ,

Officers for 1873: Alb. Baumer, president; P. Krummer, vice- president; H. Hablutzel, recording secretary; H. Kehr, finan- cial secretary, and T. Dill, treasurer.

The Firemen's Benevolent Association. — Organized Febru- ary 1, 1870. Its object is mutual benefit. The society was in- corporated May 6, 1871. The association numbers twenty mem- bers. Officers for 1873: James Clary, president ; Lucas Becker, vice-piresident ; Chas. A. Crofl'roth, secretary, and Henry Hein- miller, treasurer. Trustees : J. Clary, Louis Becker, and Henry Heinmiller.

hackmen's union.

This organization is composed of persons who make the sup- plying of hacks a business. The union was organized May 7, 1872. Its object is mutual benefit and self-protection. The meetings of the union are held every first Tuesday in the month.

Officers for 1873 : John Cummings, president ; Michael Mc- Donald, vice-president ; Thomas Kellar, secretary ; and John Doulon, treasurer.

CHAPTBE XVI.

AMUSEMENTS AND MUSICAL SOCIETIES.

THE FIRST THEATER.

The first building in Columbus devoted to theatrical perform- ances was erected in the fall of 1835. It was a large frame building on the west side of High street, between Broad and Gay sti-eets. It was opened the ensuing winter by Messrs. Dean & McKinney, managers, with a dramatic corps. It continued to

434 ADVERTISEMENTS.

SIEBEET & LILLEY,

Printers, Binders,

STATIO]\ERS,

f,f\D JaEQAL 'f>h^f\K ^pUBLI^HEI^^,

Opera House Building-,

THIRD FLOOR.

Columbus, 0.

AMUSEMENTS AND MUSICAL SOCIETIES. 435

be kept open, during the winter, under different lessees and man- agers, for sis or seven years, till it was finally closed. The build- ing was purchased, in 1843, by M. J. Gilbert, by whom it was remodeled. For some years afterward it was known as the City Hall. It was at length reconstructed into private dwellings.

THE STATE STREET THEATER.

The second building in Columbus approjoriated to theatrical performances was erected by John M. Kinney & Co., in 1865, on State street, nearly opposite the south front of the State- house. The architect was N. B. Lovejoy, and the superintend- ent, J. BoBwell. At first it bore on the playbills the name of "Dramatic Temj)le." It was opened on the evening of Sep- tember 12, 1855, with a full company. After the singing of the Star Spangled Banner, and an opening address, the well-known comedy of the " Honeymoon " and the farce of " State Secrets" were presented. The house was filled to its full capacity, and as the new theater was a novel institution in the city, and the com- pany an efficient one, the proprietors and managers, John M. Kin- ney & Co., continued to enjoy a liberal patronage during the fall and winter. The theater was re-oi3ened the next season with an entirely new and successful company. It continued to flourish under various lessees and managers until the war excitement diminished, and the opening of the Opera-house divided public patronage.

THE ATHENETJM.

The site and building of the State Street Theater, originallj^ called by John M. Kinney, its founder, the Dramatic Temple, having become the property of William A. ISei], of this city, by whom the structure was entirely rebuilt with the exception of the outside walls, it took the name of the Atheneum, and was oj)ened as a place of public entertainment on the evening of November 13, 1871, with the opera of " The Doctor of Alcantara." Since then, it has been leased by the enterprising proprietor to all applicants who cater, in a legitimate and reputable way, for public amusement, and has become a place of popular resort.

The new Atheneum is admired by all who visit it. It is so entirely different in its arrangements and appointments from the old theater which it has replaced, that no one who has seen both, can fail to pronounce it a far more fitting abode for the Muses and Graces. Many buildings devoted to similar purposes are more pretentious in outside appearance, but few equal it in the comfort, convenience, and elegance of the interior and the ajipointments of the stage.

The Atheneum is not circumscribed by the walls of the old

436 ADVERTISEMENTS.

Sunday ]^o3*z£ing Meiivs.

PUBLISHED EVEKY SUNDAY MORNING, BY'

E. G. OREBAUGH and F. A. BRODBECK,

Editors and Proprietors. The Sunday JMoriiinff JVetr* is conducted on the principle of entire independence, 60 far as political parties and public men art; concerned. It is a live, tliori;)Ugh-going NewH- pajier, receiving the latt-'st local and telegraphic ncw.i up to the hour of going to press (.'3:0i» A. M.) In point of city circulation, it can discount, by several hundred, any other paper piililislied in Columbus.

GcLFpenter Brothers ^

Wholepaie Dealers in

YANKEE NOTIONS AND FANCY GOODS,

101 & 105 East Town Street,

T. R. CAnPESTEB, /'"^ 1 1 /^^

T w c..ErB.N,EB, Columbus, (J.

S. V. K. (jAUPt.NTER. '

VANDEGRIFF & WEBSTER,

Uuufictnreis, and Wholesale and Betail Sealers in

TRUNKS, VALISES, SATCHELS,

imiVELING BAGS AND BASES.

FACTORY AND WAREROOM :

94 North High Street, Columbus, Ohio.

Send ior Price List.

AMUSEMENTS A.ND MUSICAL SOCIETIES. 437

theater. A handsome front has been added, containing the stair- cases and a spacious vestibule for the accommodation of crowded assemblies entering or leaving the proscenium. The height of the arch of the proscenium is thirty-three feet, and the height of the ceiling, forty-one feet. The number of registered seats is about 1,200, but an audience of 1,500 persons can be comforta- bly and eligibly seated. The parquctte and dress circle are sup- plied with cane-bottomed seats. The dimensions of the stage are GO by 50 feet. The building is warmed by furnaces, and every one who has passed an evening in it, even in the coldest weather, speaks in the highest terms of its warmth and comfort. The cost of rebuilding and fitting up this fine place of public entertainment was twenty thonsand dollars.

The Atlieneum has the advantage of a central location, being situated on the ground floor, in the verj' heart of the city, ou the south side of State street, opposite the State-house, and in the immediate vicinity of the large hotels and other places of general resort.

THE OPERA-HOUSE.

The Opera- House building, not excelled by any block in the city, was completed in the summer of 1864. It was first called by the proprietors, " Union Block," but by tlie public generall}^, " Cotton Block." It has, however, of late years, more usually received the ajopellation of Opera-house building or block. It is situated in the heart of the city, on the west side of High street, between Town and Eich streets. It is four stories high. The first floor contains seven large rooms, suitable for stores or other extensive business. In the front part of the second and third stories are rooms used chiefly for offices. But the grand feature of the building is the opera hall or house, occupying the three upper stories in the rear of the southwest portion of the structure. It is 86 feet in width by 110 in length, and 33 feet in height. It has 1,190 registered seats, and can seat about 1,450. The stage is 36 feet deep, and the auditorium 74 by 86 feet. The parquette is 50 by 44 feet, and is furnished with 300 neat and comfortable chairs. The dress circle has six rows of seats, all elegantly upholstered, and will comfortably seat 450 jjersons. The gallery, or upper circle, has five rows of uphol- stered seats, and will accommodate 425 persons. There are four private boxes finished in excellent style, and each will seat eight persons. The hall has frequently accommodated fifteen hundred people, and the audience, on some occasions, has numbered nearly two thousand persons at an evening's entertainment.

The walls and ceilings are neatly painted, frescoed, and orna- mented with panels. The front of the gallery is decorated with

438 ADVERTISEMENTS.

ANDREW SCHWARZ,

PRACTICAL PLUMBER,

182 South. High Street, 0pp. Opera House, Columbus, 0.

DEALER IN

Iron^ Liead Pipe and Slieet Lead.

Keeps constantly on liand, anJ nuikes to order, Water Closc-ts ; Hot, Cold, and Sliower Baths; Cistern, "Well, Lilt, and Force Pumps; Hydrant-, Street Wasliers, Eubber Ilose, Couplings, etc ., etc. Orders from a distance solicited, and promptly attended to. ALL AVO-RK CrAT^ANTFLP.

Importer, acd Wholesale and Eetail Dealer in

CROCKEI[Y, CHINA A1(D GLASSW/RE,

221 SOUTH HIGH STREET, COLUMBUS, OHIO.

All onlers promptly attended to.

BIEIET JUD COKFECIIOilEIlT,

102 EAST FRIEND STREET. COLUMBUS. OHIO.

CHARLES AMBOS. 2 j. g^nxH

CHARLES AMBOS & CO.

coLuimrs, oiiio, manufacturers of

For Eallroads, EoUiig Mills, aid Blast Fttinaccs, also Siachinory and Castinss.

AGlllCULTUEAL & MACHINERY CASTINGS, Patterns Made to Order.

Fonnflry, West Side of tlie Oleutaugy River & Nortli of llie Pipe Woiis.

AMUSEMENTS AND MUSICAL SOCIETIES. 439

papier-maclie and models. The effect of the ornamentation is beautiful, especially under the illumination of 150 gas-burners. The stage is furnished with nine commodious dressing-rooms and all other needed conveniences. The curtains and scenery belonging to the proprietors elicit the admiration of all who see them.

The blcck was erected by B. B. Smith, Theodore Comstock, and C. P. L. and Theodore H. Butler. The Opera-house, or Hall, was built by Messrs. Smith and Comstock, and under the immediate supervision of the latter. The frescoing was done by Mr. Pedretti, of Cincinnati ; the painting, by John Knopf, of this city; the scene painting, by \Vm. P. Porter, of Cincinnati, an eminent artist. Messrs J. C. Auld & Son, of this city, were the architects of the building, including the hall.

The Opera-house has been in pretty constant use since its completion, for theatrical performances, for operas and concerts, for political conventions, and other large assemblies.

MUSICAL SOCIETIES.

The development of musical taste and skill is usually com- mensurate with the progress of a community in civilization and refinement. Columbus can, in this respect, exhibit a fair record, and at the present time demonstrate that her standard of musical talent and taste is elevated in proportion to her high standing in wealth, population, and resources. But this position in the musical world has been attained by slow degrees, and in the face of many obstacles encountered and overcome. Until of late years, our community was not in a condition to appreciate, much less to encourage the cultivation of music to any considerable extent. Various societies were formed, from time to time, for improvement in both vocal and instrumental music, but were generally but short-lived. Into an account of these extinct musical clubs or societies, we do not propose to enter, but simply to confine ourselves to brief notices of existing ones.

In addition to the history of music in our city that will be necessarily embodied in our sketches of existing societies, it is proper to refer to two leading events that had a decided in- fluence in jDromoting among us a love for, and a cultivation of the " art divine." These two events were the two great festivals of the " Sfengerbund," held in Columbus — the first in 1852, and the second in 1865. The latter was particularly attractive in its series of rare and grand musical entertainments, and in the delightful social enjoyment and festivity with which it was ci'owned. But both these festivals have been described at length in the historical portion of this work.

440 ADVERTISEMENTS.

Parties wishing to contract for C?O.^^I-B ^'" P'^''^'' ^^^^^

JAMES PATTERSON, Contracting Agent,

COLUMBUS, OHIO. Office in Freight House C. C. C. & I. E. R.

dT^^ILER, variety 8TORE,

SOUTHWEST CORNER OF RICH AND FIFTH STS.

Keeps on hand Mathematical, Doctor, Dintal, Snrt'ical, and Musical Instruments; makes all kinds of Syringes, Billiard Balls ; Ivury, Horn, Bone Turning ; keeps on hand a variety of Smoke Pipes ;" Repairs Umbrellas, Parasols, etc.; keeps a Catholic Bookstore, also School Books and Stationery.

THOMAS ANDERSON, MANUFACTURER OF CARRIAGES, BUGGIES, ETC.

Repository and Factory, 115 k 117 East Town St., Columbus, Oliio.

Repairs neatly and promptly executed.

w. w. BiLKi . RILEY & SPENCER, ^^^^^ spexcze.

OfEce, 572- South High Street, (Amtos BuUdhg, opposite state House), COLUMBUS, 0.

We especially invite your attention to our superior style of Gold Fillings. Perfect iQ^^orm, Finish, and Durability.

Thus Si ITT. Smith A PnicE. Joseph Ceabb.

STITT, PRICE & CO. Office, cor. Gay and Water Sts., Columbus, 0.

S. V. BAlLKy. N. B. Marple,

BAILEY & MARPLE,

MANUF.VCTURFUS OF

JOHN & J. H. KAUFFELT,

Ropaircrs and M.inufacturers of good New Wagons. Cor. Fourth and Friend Sts. COLUiyiBUS, OHIO.

JOHN FRECH^ DEALER IN PURE WINES, LIQUORS, AND CIGARS.

The bint of Lagor Beer cotintantty on Tup.

Rooms, cor. Rich and Pearl Sts. COLUMBUS, Ohio.

AMUSEMENTS AND MUSICAL SOCIETIES. 44!

The German M.^innerchor. — J. P. Brack, now commissioner of Franklin county, and nine other German residents of the city, on the 27th of October, 1848, met and organized the Ger- man Masnnerchor, of Columbus, the oldest and leading German gloe-club in the capital of Ohio, consisting at present of over one hundred members.

The society met at first in small private rooms ; then for a time in an attic over the store now occupied by W. H. & D. M. Aiken, and afterward established its headquarters successively at the following places : Hettersheimer's Hall, until 1867; Naugh- ton Hall, in 1867-68 ; Straeder's Hall, 1868 till 1872, On De- cember 2, 1872, the Maannerchor moved its headquarters to the magnificent Germania Hall, built expressly for its use by J. & L. Zettler, corner of Friend and Fourth streets, and leased to the society for ten years.

The following is a complete list of the successive musical di- rectors of the Mfennerchor : C. Schneider, I. Machold, A. Gut- mann, Charles Muenster, Otto Dresel, A. De Prosse, H. Noth- nagel, K. Spohr, Otto Dresel, A. D. Prosse, Charles Schoppelrei. The present musical leader is H. Eckhardt, a gentleman emi- nently qualified for the position.

In the early j>art of its history, the Mfflnnerchor confined itself to private entertainments and to occasional balls termed " con- cert balls," on account of the usual appendage in the shape of a concert. But the dancing was the main attraction on such oc- casions, neither the society nor its patrons deeming the concert of much importance.

For about eighteen years, the existence of the Columbus Msen- nerchor was barely known to the American public. But in 18C6, it emerged for the first time from its comparative obscuritj^, and took at once a front rank among the German singing societies of the United States. It carried off one of the first prizes at the great musical tournament or Ssengerfest held at Louisville. Henceforth the Msennerchor entered into a more intimate and symjjathetic relation to the music-loving public of Colum- bus. Assisted by Miss Caroline Schneider, an eminent pianist ; by Misses F. M. Smith and B. Lathrop, the De Beriot Club, and other leading amateurs, the society gave, at Naughton Hall, during two successive seasons, a series of what may be called " fashionable " concerts, attended by crowded and appreciative audiences.

Since that time the Majnnerchor has steadily advanced in pub- lic favor, and met with brilliant success in all its public per- formances. Last year, 1872, it returned laurel-crowned from the Ssengerfest at St. Louis. Its renditions at the Opera-house in this city, in May, 1871, of Lortzing's opera, " Zzaar und

442 ADVERTISEMENTS.

COMMERCIAL BANK,

100 North High Street, Session's Block, Columbus, 0.

Orange Johnson, F. C. Sessions & J. A. Jeffrey, Proprietors. PAY INTEREST ON DEPOSITS, BUY AND SELL GOLO AND SILVER,

Government Bonds, and all flrst-class securities; issue Passage Tickets to and from all the principal ports in Europe ; sell I rafts, payable in Gold, on all the prin- cipal cities and towns in Kurope and South America ; and do a Getlfral Hanking Btisint-ss.

COLLECTIONS RECEIVE PROMPT ATTENTION.

WEINMAN & SON, STEAM AND WATER PIPE ANU FITTLVGS, AND BRASS WORK

OF EV'EET DESCBIPTION,

No. 5 State Avenue, near Broad Street Bridge, Columbus, Ohio.

Repairing Executed Promptly and at Reasonable Rates.

DAVID F. SIT YD AM,

No. 3 EAST TOWN STREET,

Wholesale and Retail Dealer in all kinds of

STRAITSVILLE AND HOCKING

COAL;

A f,SO,

Contracting Agent for the Straitsville Mining Co.

CAPITAL, $300,000.

AMUSKMENTS AND MUSICAL SOCIETIES. 443

Zimmerman," under the leadership of Charles Sehopijelrei, and especially in March, 1872, of C. M. Von "VVeber's opera, " Der Freischuetz," under the direction of H. Eckhardt, were un- doubtedlj^ important epochs in the musical history of the city, and tit manifestations of the fine versatile musical talent com- bined in and rejoresented by the Columbus Majnnerchor.

Tavo other leading events in the musical history of Columbus — the great festivals of the Sfengerbund, in 1852 and 1865 — de- scribed elsewhere, were, in a great measure, due to the influence and exertions of the Majnnerchor. Two other prosperous Ger- man musical societies of the city — the Liederkranz and the Harmonic — are offshoots of the Msennerchor. Success, then, to the German Ma;nnerchor of Columbus, and all its members, the successful missionaries of song and faithful worshij)ers of that divine art which makes a people haiDpier, better, stronger, wiser, more peaceful, more contented, and more united.

Columbus Liedeekranz. — This is a German singing society, organized August 14, 1866, by P. Passig, G. Brandt, M. Lush, M. Fassig, C. Hertenstein, G. Mihlheim, C. C. Weis, and others. Professor Karl Spohr was chosen musical director. It num- bers among its members some of the best singers in the city.

The Liederkranz now numbers ninety members, of whom twenty -four are active, eighteen are ladies, and forty-eight are honorary or joassive members. Its object is the cultivation of music and social entertainments. Their meetings are held at Stelzer's Hall every Tuesday evening and Sunday afternoon.

Officers for 1873 ; P. Fassig, president ; Karl Spohr, musical director ; P. Eeither, secretary ; M. Lush, treasurer, and C. C. Weis, librarian.

Columbus Harmonie Gesang Verein. — This is a society of German Catholics organized for social entertainment and the cultivation of music. It dates from November 21, 1868. It has among its members some very superior musical talent. The number of members is thirty -five, of whom twenty are counted as active, and fifteeen as passive members. The society meet- ings are held at Freeh's Hall, on Eich street, on Friday even- ings. The officers are George Henry, president ; John Eoeh- renbeck, secretary ; Professor Q. Burkley, musical director.

The Db Beriot Club op Columbus. — This musical society was formed in 1859. Its members at first played De Beriot's arrangements for the piano, two violins, and the violoncello. Hence they adopted the name of the De Beriot Club, which they still retain, though they have abandoned the use of the piano altogether, and confined themselves to the highest stand-

444 ADVERTISEMENTS.

And Dealer in Gents' Furnishing Goods, 53 NORTH HIGH STREET, COLUMBUS, OHIO.

Choice Stock of Woolens, Imported and Domestic, alwiiys on hand. Latest Styles of Gents' Furnishing Gouds, as tliey appear.

J. A.. FISCHER,

(Sncoessor to B. Fixchor & Son,! Dealer iu

fj

mWWEB, MAEBWAME,

AND HOUSE-FURNISHING GOODS,

And MAXUrACTt'ItJlR of TIN, COVFETt. anil SIlEKT-IItOX WORK,

207 North High Street, Columbus, Ohio.

J5f^^ Special attention paid to Roofing, Spouting-, and Job \Vork.

COR. HIGH AND NAGHTEN STS.

Oi,2,osUe Union Depot, COLUMBUS, O.

Dealer in .ill kinds of Burial Cases and all styles of Coffins. AVill attend Funcr.Us at short notice antl on reasonable terms.

SA3IUEL nUA lEB,

PR&CTiCIll SLICKllIi m i[i>m[R,

Shop, Cor. of Front Street and Linn Alley.

Specialty in Shoeing Horses, whether hool-bound or contracted.

AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES. 445

ards of string music, such as Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven quartettes and quintettes, and other classical compositions.

The object of the society, as expressed in its constitution, is to encourage and cultivate the taste for music and social enjoy- ment. !No one can become a member except a lady, a gentle- man, or an artist, and only by unanimous consent of the existing active members. A married pair count only as a single mem- ber. The club has only three officers, and they hold their offices permanently. Otto Dresel is the permanent president and vice-president. The permanent musical director of the club is Hermann Eckhardt. John Seltzer is the permanent treasurer and bibliothecary.

Meetings of the club for practice are held once a week, and for home concerts and social enjoyment once a month. The present active members of the club are H. Eckhardt, (leader), John Seltzer, Otto Dresel, Dr. Wm. T. Schatzman, and Chas. J. Hess. Their meetings are strictly private. They emerge from their retirement only when called upon to appear before the public in support of some charitable institution or literary en- terprise.

The Eckhardt Steinq Quartette Club. — This club, lately organized, consists of boys from thirteen to sixteen years of age, pupils of H. Eckhardt, Sen. Their names are Hermann Dresel, Eddie Seltzer, E. Butler, and H. Eckhardt, Jr. This juvenile quartette club has appeared before the public only twice, but each time met with an enthusiastic reception.

CHAPTEE XVII.

AGKICULTUEAL SOCIETIES. STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE.

This board was organized in accordance with an act passed by the legislature on the 26th day of February, 1846, under the first constitution of the State. The act was passed for the " en- couragement of agriculture" in the broadest and most compre- hensive sense. Many county societies were immediately organ- ized under this law, and commenced holding annual fairs, as being the most immediate 23ractical method of ascertaining the condition of agriculture, the breeds of live-stock, etc. The an- nual reports of the county societies to the State Board at that time show that great interest was taken, not only in these organ-

446 ADVERTISEMENTS.

I>EAI.EJt IN

CHOICE FAMILY GROCERIES,

And Wholesale Dealer in

No. 213 EAST FRIEND STREET, €Q£,WX&WS. &.

Agent for the Eldorado Mills, Empire Mills, and Snow Flake Mills.

T. LONGSTRETH,

PROPRIETOR OF MINES AND CARS,

And Wholesdle and JKetail Dealer in

106 Morth High Street, Columbus, Ohio.

OMDMJtS FMOXPTZT FILLED.

THE CiEIIPEST STORE IN THE CITI- NEW STOiE! NEW GOODS! ADOL.PH AAROIV,

DEALER IN

AND GENTLEMEN'S FURNISHING GOODS,

Hats, Caps, Trunks, Valises. Revolvers, Watches, Jeweln.-, Gold Pens, \'iolins, Accor-

duons, Mouth Harps, Pocket Books and Knives, and other Notions. "Watches

Clocks, and Jewelry repaired on short notice.

Opposite the State House, No. 2 NEIL HOUSE BLOCK.

Silver and Gold Watch Cases, all made to order; also, all kinds ot* Hair Jeweln'.

L. S. KocKEY. H. Fletcher.

BOCKEY & FLETCHER,

Makers of the Best Quality of

30ID I^XJIi/Jir^lS.

On short notice. ■^g^ REPJlIHI^O promptly done.

AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES. 447

izations, but that they really gave a great impetus to agriculture generally.

The officers of the State Board were careful and prudent men. They were ready and willing to make any sacrifice which would truly promote the productive and industrial interests of the State ; but were unwilling to hazard any rash experiments. It was, therefore, not until 1850 that the board decided to hold a State Fair.

This measure was agreed upon after great deliberation and a thorough canvassing of all that pertained to it. The State Board not being a joint-stock company, was not in the possession of a common fund, and as the legislature had made no appropriation for any such purpose, the members of the board were individu- ally responsible for any liabilities incurred, whether for printing, services rendered, structures erected, or for premiums offered and awarded. While each member was individually liable for any or all of these " considerations," no one of them (except the secretary) received a single dollar for services rendered or time devoted to the fair. In this respect there has been no change from that time until the present — no member receives any pay in form or substance, other than his traveling expenses refiinded.

The first State Fair was held on the site of Camp "Washington, near Cincinnati, in October, 1850; the area inclosed was about fifteen acres, or five acres more than the capitol grounds in Co- lumbus. The premium list was a very respectable one for the period, starting out with a premium of |20 for the best Short- horn bull, and offering the same premiums throughout for Short- horns, Devons, Herefords, and Ayrshires.

There is no doubt that the position which Ohio occupies as a breeding State of superior cattle and domestic animals generally, is largely due to the encouragement given by the board. The rapid introduction of agricultural implements and machines, especially, is due to the annual exhibitions and the field trials held by the board. As the funds of the board accumulated, prizes were offered for essays of a practical nature relating to agriculture. The annual reports of the board embrace an amount of information on agricultural and collateral topics rarely met with in documents of this character. That the labors of the board are not only appreciated, but have made an im- pression by means of annual exhibitions and reports, is too mani- fest to be gainsayed in the improved breeds of domestic animals, improved implements and machines, better farming, more com- fortable, convenient, and even ornamental homes. Its influences have greatly aided in the develojDment of the material resources of the State by the encouragement of industry. The following

448 ADVEKTISEMENTS.

CAPITAL BREWERY.

BORN & CO., Proprietors,

(SUCCESSOEB TO BOBN & SON,)

c.'bounIje. ? 449 South Front Street,

JAfT. BORN, i

jAc. FAiTEE. ) COLUMBUS, OHIO.

s. TonvEiPKiinsrs,

DEALER IN

Straitsville and Hocking Coal,

AND BEST aUALITY OF BLACKSMITHS' COAL,

241 East Friend St. Columbus, Ohio.

LIME.

Pure VETliite Side-Kiln I«ime.

Plasterers will find it to their advantage to examine this stock before purchasing elsewhere.

241 EAST FEIEND STEEET, COLUMBUS, OHIO.

"• ■■• »"■"'«• JAS. M. WALKE

DAVID W. BKOOKS, ^^^jj, ^^^.^^^^

HINES, TAYLOR & CO.

Cor. High and Town Sts.

COLUMBUS, O.

Donl in Foroigi. anj Pomostk- Exchange, Coin, National, Stato, and other Socnrities Collections mado iu all accossiblo points in the United States and Europe.

AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES. 449

is a list of the years and places of the several fairs held by the board :

State Fairs in Ohio, where held : At Cincinnati, 1850 ; Colum- bus, 1851 ; Cleveland, 1852; Dayton, 1853; Newark, 1854; Co- lumbus, 1855 ; Cleveland, 1856 ; Cincinnati, 1857 ; Sandusky, 1858 ; Zanesville, 1859 ; Dayton, 1860 ; Dayton, 1861 ; Cleveland, 1862; Cleveland, 1863; Columbus, 1864 ; Columbus, 1865 ; Day- ton, 1866 ; Dayton, 1867; Toledo, 1868; Toledo, 1869; Spring- field, 1870 ; Springfield, 1871 ; Mansfield, 1872.

Members of the board for 1872 : James Buckingham, presi- dent, Zanesville ; S. Harmount, treasurer, Canal Dover ; Lincoln G. Delano, Chillicothe ; David C. Eichmond, Sandvisky ; James B. Jamison, Cadiz ; Eeuben P. Cannon, Aurora ; L. B. Sprague, Springfield; John A. Warder, Cincinnati; "Willard S. Hickox, Mansfield ; B. W. Carlisle, Hooker's Station.

Secretaries : John H. Klippart, corresponding, Columbus ; Henry S. Babbitt, recording, Columbus.

Executive Committee for 1872 : James Buckingham, president; E. P. Cannon, L. G-. Delano, W. S. Hickox, David C. Eichmond.

THE COLUMBUS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Incorporated by act of the legislature March 13, 1849. Ob- ject— "Encouraging and improving the science and practice of horticulture, and the promoting and propagation of the various species of trees, fruits, plants, and vegetables, and the introduc- tion of new species and varieties, and for no other purpose what- ever."

Incorporators : Francis Stewart, John Miller, Joseph Sulli- vant, I. Gr. Jones, Adam Sites, Lucian Buttles, Benjamin Blake, William Merion, M. B. Bateham, Samuel McClelland, Thomas Stockton, Samuel Medary, A. H. Lazell, John Burr, Alexander E. Glenn.

When the act of incorporation was passed, the society was already in existence. The first step taken toward its formation was at a meeting held April 10, 1845, when a committee was ap- pointed, consisting of M. B. Bateham, Joseph Sullivant, Samuel Medary, John Burr, Alexander B. Glenn, Joseph Eidgway, Jr., and Joel Buttles, to rejiort a constitution and by-laws.

The committee reported at a meeting held on the 12th of May ensuing, when a constitution was adopted, and ofl&cers elected as follows: Bela Latham, president; Samuel Medary, vice-presi- dent; Joseph Sullivant, recording secretary; M. B. Bateham, corresponding secretary ; John W. Andrews, treasurer ; Dr. I. G. Jones, John Burr, John A. Lazell, John Fisher, Moses Jewett, John Miller, and Leander Eansom, managers.

450 ADVERTISEMENTS.

NATIONAL HOTEL

(Opposite the Union Depot,) J. H, DAVIDSON, PropT. €OL UMB US, O.

Parties visiting tlie city will find this hotel a pleasant place to stop at. BAGGAGE TAKEN FROIW THE DEPOT FREE OF CHARGE.

hq^us mid ^drridge^.

The undersigned, having opened a Repository, at

ITo. 21 "West Broad Street,

FOE THE SALE OF

EASTERN -MADE BUGGIES AND CARRIAGES,

Is prepared to furnish any style of Buggy or Carriage desired, at lower prices than can te purchased in this market.

JE. M. WILLIAMS, Also, second-hand work for salo cheap.

•9 No. 96 South Sigh Street, Columbus, Ohio,

Oyer U. S. Express Office, next door to Geo. McDonald's Grocery.

iSaddles, Sridles, and Harness of every description cottstantly on hand and manufactured to oi'der, of the best material. Ir^i'st-class tcorkinen only employed. All ivorh tvari-anted. Hejtairinff done promptly .

F. GREENLEAF & CO.

WHOLESALE DEALERS IN

h^ ^ood$ mid <^oiwii

ITos. 224 (& 226 Sout]a Sigli St.

S.

AGRICULTUKAL SOCIETIES. 451

The society held annual fiiirs in the month of September for several years. Dr. I. G. Jones succeeded Mr. Latham as presi- dent in 1848, and was frequently re-elected.

Though the society has not been in a flourishing condition for some years past, it was at an early day a most useful organiza- tion in promoting the cultivation of fine fruits and flowers. It is to be hojied that it will soon be reorganized, and resume its pristine vigor and usefulness.

Present officers : Henry C. ISToble, president ; Dr. "W. E. Ide, vice-president; Wm. G. Deshler, treasurer.

The Samuel Barr Fund. — The following article, copied from a city daily paper of April 20, 1872, gives a statement of facts, the most interesting at this time, in the history of the society :

About 1852, the Columbus Horticultural Society received of Samuel Barr a conveyance of ten acres of land for two hundred dollars, on condi- tion of establishing and keeping up a public park and garden on the prem- ises for five years. The society made the effort, and spent several hundred dollars in the endeavor, but the enterprise, after languishing for some years, ceased.

The society continued to use the ground and paid taxes thereon until 1868, when it was sold for $2,600 to Mrs. Jane Bell, who, the next year, after cutting down the beautiful grove, sold it to the Franklin County Agri- cultural Society for a part of their present grounds. The heirs of Samuel Barr, in 1870, brought suit for the land, or the value of it, on the ground of a failure on the part of the Columbus Horticultural Society to perform the condition of the deed. The society answered that it had performed the condition in good faith, and set up a history of all the transactions.

In this stage of the case it has remained for nearly two years. It was then proposed to settle the matter by constituting a fund of the money to the extent of $.3,000, to be known as " The Samuel Barr Fund, for the Promotion of Horticulture," to be held and kept invested by the Columbus Horticul- tural Society, and to bo kept up against any losses to that amount, and the net income of $3,000 to be applied at the discretion of said society for hor- ticultural purposes, in the purchase of books, periodicals, and such other manner as said society should order.

One of the purposes had in view in proposing this settlement, was to purchase a first-class horticultural library of such books as no private indi- vidual would feel able and willing to buy, and form an alcove as a part of the new city library.

This proposition was accepted by the heirs of Samuel Barr, and a final adjustment of the common pleas court entered at the late term to the fore- going effect.

As the Columbus Horticultural Society is not in very active condition, the responsibility of this whole matter has been assumed Oy myself as president; but I am sure it will meet with tlie hearty approval of all mem- bers, as it secures a handsome sum as a fund for horticultural purposes, and does honor to one who assisted largely in the means from which the fund was derived. Henry C. Noble,

President Horticultural Society.

452 ADVERTISEMENTS.

W. B. BBOOKS. ALEX. HOUSTON.

BEOOKS & HOUSTON,

BROOKS & HOUSTON, : : : Columbus, Ohio,

MANUFACTURERS OF

HOT BLAST CHARCOAL PIG IRON

UNION FURNACE, HOCKING COUNTY, 0.

W. B. & F. S. BROOK8,

MINERS and SHIPPERS of

Proprietors of the Celebrated "Brooks Mines."

OFFICE, OOE. EICH AND HIGH STS. COLUMBUS, O.

Having abundant facilities both in mining and transpoitatioTi, ^ve are prepared to give prompt attention to the largest demands. The purity and excellence of the Brooks Coal render it especially adapted to Locomotive JCngine U^te, and domestic purposes.

Ersat Central Eeal Estate Office.

JBuya and Sells Far)>is, Houses, niirf Lots, and General Real Estate Broker.

No. 38 NORTH HIGH STREET, Chittenden Building,

ROOM No. 2, UP-STAIRS.

AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES. 453

FRANKLIN COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.

This society was organized at a meeting of citizens of Frank- lin county, held at the City Hall, in Columhns, September 6, 1851. A constitution was adopted, which provided for the an- nual election of a president, vice-p)resident, secretary, treasurer, and five managers — all these otficers to constitute a board of directors. It also provided for annual county fairs, and that each member should pay an annual fee of one dollar into the treasury. The following were the officers elected at this first meeting.

President, Samuel Medary ; vice-president, Samuel Brush ; treasurer, G, M. Peters ; secretary, "William Dennison, Jr. ; man- agers, Pliny Curtis, David Taylor, Joseph O'Harra, William L. Miner, and W. H. Earey.

At a subsequent meeting of the society, by-laws were adopted. Mr. Peters having resigned as treasurer, Eobert Hume was elected in his place.

The first county fair was held in October, 1851, on the State Fair grounds, near Franklinton. The report of the treasurer, Mr. Hume, in May, 1852, will show the financial condition of the society at the start. He reported :

Cash received of 339 members 1339 00

Cash received from county treasurer 200 00

Cash received from sale of admission tickets to the

county fair 59 50

Total 1598 50

Cash paid for premiums and expenses 329 36

Cash balance in treasury $269 14

The directors now determined upon having fair grounds of their own. Accordingly, in July, 1852, they purchased of Samuel Barr eight acres of land, lying about three miles east of the State-house. "This tract formed the nucleus of the present county fair grounds. The annual county fairs have, since the purchase, been held on that tract.

Some time in the same year the directors made a rule or or- der that the j^ayment of twenty dollars toward the purchase and improvement of the fair grounds should, without any other fee or assessment, constitute a life membership. The first life- members under this rule were : Samuel Brush, Benjamin Blake, Eobert Hume, M. L. Sullivant, "W. H. Earey, Lucien Buttles, and Adin G. Hibbs.

454 ADVERTISEMENTS.

5. W. ANDKEWSf AJ^torn-py and Counselor at TjOiv, Columbttff, O. Will prac- tice in the Courts of Fninklin Oouaty anil Supreme Court of Ohio. Prompt and careful attention given to all Legal Business intrusted to my care. Offiae, Northeast Cor- ner of Hitfh and Jii'fiad Strrefti.

GEORGE McDonald & CO., Grocers, No. 98 South High Street,

Columbus, Ohio.

W. H. KILLMER, Dealer in Fruits, Confectioneries, Tobacco, and Cigars, No. 180 North High Street, Columbus, Ohio.

L. L. SMITH, Dealer in Flour, Grain, and Mill Feed, No. 68 South Fourth Street, Columbus, Ohio. Cash paid for Grain.

ZOUIS KAHN, Slerehnnt Tailor, 100 & lOi South Migh St. (four doors South of State), ColumhuH, Ohio. A Fine stock of Iteadtj-tnade Ctothinff^ MatSf Caps, and Gents' Furntshing Goods always ou hand.

ADELBERT W. GRAHAM, Attorney at Law, No. 137 South High Street (Parsons' Building), Columbus, Ohio.

DR. J. H. CRETHERS, : : : DRUGGIST, COLU3II1VS. OHIO.

B. F. BOWEN, : SURVEYOR AND CIVIL ENGINEER,

No. 00 South Sigh Street^ Colutnhtis^ Ohio.

F. B. MACHOLD, Dealer in Cigars, Tobacco, etc., 108 South High Street (EstweeB First Nitiooil Bank and NangMsn Builiing), Columbus.

M. S. HUNTER, Dealer in COAL, No. S3 J?osf Sjirilig Street.

E. H. FOOKS, Retail Dealer in CIGARS AND TOBACCO, No. l.jO Nortli High Street, Columbus, Ohio.

WILLIAM FASSIG, Manufacturer and Dealer in Boots and Shoes, 132 North High Street, Columbus, O.

M. A. PRITCHARD & CO., Dealers in Potatoes, Apples, Cider, and all kinds of Produce, 39 West Broad Street, Columbus, Ohio.

HERMAN KEPLER, Watch and Clock Repairer,

24 West Broad Street, Columbus, Ohio.

P. CONROY, :::::::: GROCER, 14!) Xorlh High Street, Columhu.l, Ohio.

D. BROWN, :::::::-.:: FLOUR AND FEED, 30 and 3S ll'est ISroad Street, Columbus, Ohio.

RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. 455

The total number of acres now in the tract, and used as a fair ground, is ninety-three.

Officers for 1873 : Judge John M. Pugh, president ; J. M. Fuson, vice-president; C. S. Glenn, secretary, and E. K. Stew- art, treasurer.

Managers : G. S. Innis, C. P. Landon, D. L. Holden, J. 0. Lunn, James Taylor, O. P. Chaney, W. T. Eees, W. S. Schrum, W. A. Crum, J. M. Briggs, Jacob B. Davis, W. C. Brown, N. A. Sims, E. L. Hinman, Thomas Eobinson, and David Postle.

Trinity Guild. — This is an organization of young men of the parish of Trinity Protestant Episcopal Church of this city, for promoting the interests of that church. It was formed at a meeting held in JSTovember, 1872, in the chapel of Trinity Church, at which the rector, Eev. Eufus W. Clarke, presided as tempo- rary chairman, and Arthur Smythe officiated as temporary sec- retary. The object of the meeting having been stated, addresses were made by Rev. Mr. Clarke, C. E. Burr, Gen. J. G. Mitchell, Capt. Robert Smith, S. E. Browne, and others. The meeting then proceeded to the permanent organization of Trinity Guild. The ministers and sujjerintendents of the two Sunday-schools and one member of the guild constitute the exe'cutive committee, having the general charge of the working of the society. The following are the officers: John G. Mitchell, president; J. H. Outhwaite, vice-president ; Charles Wetmore, corresponding sec- retai-y ; S. M. Smith, Jr., recording secretary; G. A. Owens, treasurer ; E. E. Coolidge, member of the executive committee.

Young Men's Catholic Association. — The Young Men's Cath- olic Association had its beginning on the 16th of April, 1871. Its organization is due to the efforts made by the Rev. J. A. Rotchfbrd, at present located in New York city. It has for its object the spiritual and mental improvement of its members. The present membership numbers sixty. The regular meetings of the association are held in the evening of the first Monday of each month, at its reading-room in the " Westbote " building. There is also a library of three hundred volumes in the rooms of the association. The officers at present are : Edward F. Keefe, prefect ; Michael Connors, second prefect ; T. J. Madigan, third prefect ; John C. Colyan, treasurer, and L. G. Byrne, secretary.

Young Men's Christian Association. — Officers : Isaac C. As- ton, president; A. Henry, vice-president; William Bcgg, record- ing secretary; C. A. Bowe, corresponding secretary; L. C. Booker, treasurer. Executive Committee : Rev. J. M. Richmond,

456

ADVERTISEMENTS.

ilis Bilf

COR. HIGH AND TOWN STREETS,

COLUMBUS, 0. I^. m. B0WMM&. i ,' s s i

wtr I

n§Vi\[m\tt ^jm^m^

22 Washington Street, Corner of Stone Street*

Organised April 1, 187S. WATERTOWN, N. Y.

Cash Capital, $250,000.00. Surplus, $27,668,92.

STATEMENT. AUCiCST 1, lS;i.

Capital (April 1; 1872) .' $230,000.00

(Invested in Bonds anil Mortjjages, and Real Estate.)

HECElprs.

Premiums $S1,S2S.70

Rents and Accrued Interest 7.373.62 88,899.32

$288,899.32 DISBUSSEMEXTS.

Expenses $11,150.00

Total Losses SO. 42

Net Assets $!i77,6GS.93

Liabilities None.

$11,230.42

L. PADDOCK, President. OBIN 0. FKIIST, SecretarT. DANIEL 0. OSMUN, General Agent.

GILDEROY LORD, 1st Vice-President. JNO. L. BAKER, 2d Vice-President. GEO. F. PADDOCK, Treasurer-

J. W. CHAPIN, AGENT. OFFICE, NORTH ROOM, OPERA BLOCK.

B. F. E.EES, President. Jas. A. "Wilcox, Secretary. S. S. Rickly, Treasurer.

COLUMBUS SEWER PIPE CO.

COLXJ3XI5TJS, OHIO,

MANXTFACTtlHE HlOULV VlTEIFIED

SEWESR PIPES.

Ifrom 3 to 94 Ineli Calibre, iiith X'Oli EACH SIZE OF PIPE.

Traps

KELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. 457

Hoge Chapel ; S. M. Hotchkiss, High Street Congregational Church ; C. R. Dunbar, Baptist Church ; A. Davy, Christian Church ; G. S. Weaver, Christie Chapel. The president, vice- president, secretaries, and treasurer are ex-officio members of the executive committee.

We were unable to obtain any other information in regard to this organization, although we made frequent attempts to do so.

St. Boniface Catholic Building Society. — Organized in 1865. The object of the society is the liquidation of the debt of St. Mary's Church congregation. It has a membership num- bering about one hundred and fifty. The meetings of the society are held at the school-house connected with the church.

Officers for 1873: Anton Hartung, president; John Baehr, secretary ; and Charles Eehardt, treasurer.

St. Alotsius Young Men's Society. — Organized in 1847, by Eev. Father Schonat. It is composed, as the name indicates, of young men who are connected with the Holy Cross congrega- tion. The object of the society is mutual improvement, social acquaintance, and to assist, by a small monthly contribution, to ornament Holy Cross Church. The society has a library con- taining 250 volumes, the principal part of which was donated by the St. Stanislaus Kostka Debating Society, now disbanded. The present number of members is seventy-two.

Officers for 1873 : Very Eev. J. B. Hemsteger, V. G., president ; William Hindershid, vice-president ; Charles Trommel and Mar- tin Theado, secretaries ; Peter Walter, treasurer ; executive committee, William Schneider and "Valentine Kiefer.

Boys op St. Stanislaus. — This little sodality was organized September 2, 1872. It has beea established chiefly for boys who have not made their first communion. It object is to keep up among its youthful members the spirit of innocence and piety, by honoring, in a special manner, the holy child Jesus, and by placing them under the protection of His blessed mother and St. Stanislaus.

The sodality has eighty-five members. It meets at two P. M. every Sunday afternoon. A Sister of Notre Dame has charge of this sodality. It has also a president and four councilors, chosen by vote from among the members. Its spiritual director is the Eev. J. A. Murray.

St. Patrick's School Society. — This society was organized about twenty -five years ago, by the Eight Eev. C. H. Borgess, then pastor of Holy Cross Church. Its object is the sup- port of the schools of St. Patrick's Church. The number of members is one hundred and thirty, who meet on the third Sunday in each month, in room No. 1 of St. Patrick's school-

458 ADVERTISEMENTS.

36 NORTH HIGH ST., COLUMBUS, OHIO.

Satchels and Sole Leather Trunks made to order.

BANK BUILDINS, southeast c'oTn^^/'klgh'rnd'^Tite Streets, COLUMBUS, OHIO.

S. W. A\ OOLL.ARD9

GAS & mm PIPE PITTIR,

56 Fair Alley, between Gay and Long Streets,

JS@- Orders promptly cxcciite J. COLZ^MBUS, O.

J. T. ARNETT,

SADDLE AND HARNESS MANUFACTURER,

No. 7 West Broad Stfeet, Columbus, O.

RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. 459

house. The officers are : John Caren, president ; Pati-iek Bres- nahan, vice-president ; James O'Donnell, secretary; Eev. J. A. Murray, spiritual director and treasurer.

St. Pius Church Association. — This society was organized July 21, 1872. The. object is the liquidation of the debt of the Holy Cross congregation. It consists of members of the con- gregation, and numbers about three hundred, who each pay monthly dues of twenty -five cents. The association holds regu- lar meetings on the third Sunday in each month. Very Eev. J. B. Hemsteger, V. G-., is its president, and John G-etren, secre- tary.

St. Elizabeth Orphan Society. — Through the instrumen- tality of Very Eev. J. B. Hemsteger, V. G., pastor of Holy Cross Church, this society was organized in April, 1860. Its object, as the name indicates, is to provide for orphans. The number of members is sixty-eight. It meets on every third Sunday of each month, in the school-house connected with the church. Its president is Mary S. Bauman, and its secretary, Elizabeth Engler.

St. Katharine's Ladies' Society.' — This is the first society organized in Holy Cross Church congregation. Its object is to ornament and beautify the altars of the church, and provide vestments for the use of the officiating clergy. It was formed July 16, 1843, mainly through the influence and exertions of Eev. William Schonat, then pastor of the congregation. It con- sists of one hundred and twenty members, and meets on the last Sunday in each month, at the school-house connected with the church. The officers are : Very Eev. J. B. Hemsteger, V. G., president, and M. Anna Weiss, secretary.

The Third Order. — An organization known by this name is connected with St. Francis'^Hospital. Its object is prayer. It has sixty-five members. Eev. Bernard Hildebrand is its president. It meets on the first Simday in every month, at the chapel of St. Francis.

St. Mary's Sodality op Married Ladies. — An organization as a society of married ladies, and known by the name of St. Mary's Sodality of Married Ladies, was instituted in 1863, by Very Eev. J. B. Hemsteger, V. G-. The object is the promotion of Christian virtues. The number of members is eighty. It meets every Thursday, at the Chapel of the Sisters of Notre Dame, on Eich street. Sister Mary Ligouri, president.

St. Mary's Sodality op Young Ladies. — This society, known as St. Mary's Sodality, consists entirely of young ladies of Holy Cross Church congregation. It was instituted December 6, 1863, by Very Eev. J. B. Hemsteger, V. G. The object is the

460 ADVERTISEMENTS.

Ohio Statesman,

No. 26 I\ortli Hi^h Street,

COLUMBUS, O.

NOTT IN ITS 4S<1 TiTEA-K.

DEMOCRATIC IN ALL THINGS, AT ALL TIMES.

A VALUABLE PRESENT GIVEN TO EACH SUBSCRIBER.

Contains 48 Columns of Matter, and is one of the largest, as well as cheapest, papers printed in the State.

TERMS OF TEE WEEKLY STATESMAN.

One copy, -per year, - - . ^2 00

Five copies, each copy, - - - 1 50

Tiventy copies, each copy, - - 1 25

Fifty copies, each copy, - - - 1 00

And one copy extra to the £etter-up of either of the last two clubs, or if preferred, a percentage equal to the dif- ference betiveen the price of a single copy and the club price of any club may be retained.

A valuable premium to eacb subscriber. SPECIMEN COPIES SENT FREE, ON APPLICATION.

The Sunday Statesman

Has a large and growing circulation in the city and immediate vicinity. ^DVERTISIIVO liATE:^

AS LOW US THOSE OF ANY OTHER PAPER HAVING AN EQUAL CIRCULATION.

Address,

OUZO STATSSMiilT,

Columbus, Ohio.

RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. 461

promotion of i^iety and other Christian virtues. The number of members is seventj'-one. It meets on the first and third Sundays of each month, in the Chapel of the Sisters of Notre Danic, on Eich street. Very Eev. J. B. Hemsteger, V. G-., is president, and Mary Briegaman, secretary.

SociiETY OF THE HoLY INFANCY OF Jesus. — Tliis society is com- posed of the children of Holy Cross congregation. It has 502 members. It was organized in Ma}^, 1860, by the pastor of the church. Its object is to aid missionaries in baptizing and edu- cating heathen children. Very Eev. J. B. Hemsteger, V. G-., is president and secretary of the society.

St. Mary Young Ladies' iSociety. — This society is composed of young ladies attending Holy Cross Church. It "was organ- ized August 1, 1S54, by Eev. C. H. Borgess, at that time pastor of tlie church. Its object is to provide flowers and other useful articles to ornament and furnish the interior of the church. It numbers seventy-eight members, and meets every second Sunday in each month, at the school-house, near the church. The offi- cers are : Mary Scholl, president, and Elizabeth Autlitz, secre- tary.

Society of the Children of Mary. — This society consists of children attending Holy Cross Church school, under the care of the Sisters of Notre Dame. It has sixty members, and meets on the second and fourth Sundays of each month. Sister Julia, president.

Sodality of St. Aloysius. — This sodality, under the special protection of our Lady of the Sacred Heart and St. Joseph, was organized June 16, 1872. It has been established for the spir- itual advantage of boj^s who have made their first communion and are under eighteen years of age. Its object is to keep up in its members the spirit of piety and fervor in attending to their spiritual duties. They are especially devoted to the Blessed Virgin Mary by endeavoring to imitate the virtues of their glorious patron, St. Aloysius.

The number of membei-s is eighty, who meet at two p. m. every Sunday afternoon. A Sister of Notre Dame presides over this sodality, when its spiritual director, the Eev. J. A. Murray, is absent. Its officers are a president, vice-president, and four councilors, chosen by a vote of the members, and elected every six months. The members are distinguished by a medal of St. Aloysius and a badge of blue ribbon.

St. Mary's Society. — Organized in 1867 by Eev. F. X. Specht. The object of the society is the decorating and beautifying of St. Mary's Catholic Church.

462

ADVERTISEMENTS.

BOOTH'

^r*-

'©^^5

C^yj

iJjg^

AND-

7/

KEPOSITORT AND MAS0FACTOBT,

COR. THIRD & GAY STS. : : COLUMBUS, OHIO.

Oldest, Largest, and most widely known Establishment in Central Ohio.

OiT Hj^^srxi,

8hlftiiig^ Top Biig^grles, Phaetons,

Rocka^vays, Barouches,

Carria§-es, and

Open Bngrsries,

Oflafcst styles and Ust manufacture and JfnisJ,, and a Unte Stock of Sceond-hand Buggies and Carria<^es.

RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. 463

Officers for 1873: Anna Hack, president; Elizabeth Eanft, seca-etary, and Anna Brun, treasurer.

St. Agnes Society.— Organized in 1872 by Eev. F. X. Specht, With the same object as the St. Mary's Society.

Officers for 1873 : Bertha Lauber, president; Mary Brnn, sec- retary ; Mary Neumayer, treasurer.

Sodality of the Child Jesus. — This society, composed of little girls who have not made their first communion, was organ- ized by the Sisters of Notre Dame, in 1854. Its object is the greater glory of God by honoring in a special manner the Holy Infancy of Jesus. The number of members is one hundred, who meet every Sunday afternoon. They wear a medal of the In- fant Jesus and a red ribbon. A Sister of Notre Dame presides over the sodality.

Sodality or the Immaculate Conception. — The object of this sodality, organized December 8, 1861, is to assemble and place young girls under the protecting folds of the mantle of the Immaculate Virgin, and to cultivate in their hearts a tender devotion toward her, by binding them by rule to be faithful in their religious duties, constant in good work and private devo- tions, and thereby secure their eternal salvation.

This sodality numbers one hundred and twenty members, meeting after vesj^ers on the first and third Sundays of each month, in St. Patrick's school-house. They are distinguished by a medal of the Blessed Virgin and a white ribbon. Their day of general communion is the first Sunday of the month. The meetings of the sodality are pi-esided over by a Sister of Notre Dame. She is assisted by a president and councilors, whose number varies as the number of members. The officers are elected annually by vote of the members.

Sodality op the Maternity op the B. V. — This sodality was organized in 1864. Its object is to unite married ladies and mothers under the protection of St. Joseph, by teaching them to make their homes happy and peaceful, to properly educate their children, and thus secure their own and their families' temporal and eternal welfare. The number of members is eighty-five, meeting every alternate Wednesday at three P. m. in St. Patrick's school-house. The third Sunday in each month is their day of general communion. Their badge of distinction is a silver medal of the Blessed Virgin and a blue ribbon. A Sister of JSTotre Dame takes charge of the sodality, assisted by officers, chosen annually by vote of the members.

Sodality op the Children op Mary. — The object of this so- dality, organized in 1860, is to cultivate, in the minds of young girls, a tender and affectionate devotion toward the Immaculate

464 ADVERTISEMENTS.

COLUMBUS

ste.a.:m:

sqPA/WP 'Wfimwm

rfjjMi^.m.

WM. FISH & SONS, Proprietors.

CONTRACTORS AND BUILDERS

-OF-

DEPOT STREET,

North of Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Freight House.

RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. 465

Mother of God, and to preparo thom to enter, at the age of eight- een, the Sodality of the Inimacuhite Conception. The Sodality of the Children of Mary was established at Eome by the Jesuit fathers. It enjoys all the privileges and indulgences granted to the sodality of the Immaculate Conception.

Sodality or the Immaculate Conception. — This is a branch of the Sodality of the Children of Mary. It consists of sixty members, distinguished by a medal of the Blessed Yirgin and a blue ribbon. The sodality meets at two p. m. every Sunday at the school-house. It is in charge of a sister of Notre Dame, as- sisted by officers, who are members and are elected every six months by the sodality.

Sodality op the Holy Angels. — This sodality was organized by the Sisters of !Notre Dame in 1860. Its object is to keep united, in a spirit of innocence and purity, little girls who, having made their first communion, are too young to be ad- mitted into the Sodality of the Children of Marv. The number of members is sixty, who meet in the school-house at two p. m. every Sunday. A sister has charge of the sodality, assisted by a president and vice-president, elected by vote. The girls are admitted at the age of eleven years, and are promoted to Children of Mary at fourteen, if found deserving.

St. Joseph's Catholic Widows and Orphans' Association. — ■ The name of this society indicates its charitable purpose. It was organized April 3, 1848, and is composed of German Cath- olics. Its first officers were : B. Baumgard, president ; John Getren, vice-president; Jacob Kronenbitter, secretary; John Pirrung, treasurer ; A. Woelfel, John Ender, and F. Lichtenager , relief committee.

Since its formation the society has done a great deal of good to the poor of the city, extending its charity to all, though mainly intended for the aid of the German Catholic poor. The number of members is one hundred and thirty. The amount in the treasury is about S540.

There is a strong movement among the members to make ar- rangements, at as early a day as possible, for the purchase of a suitable lot of ground, and the erection of an orj)han asylum. Such an institution is much needed in the city, and it is to be hoped the association will speedily succeed in establishing one.

The present officers are: John F. Zimmer, president; Nicho- laus Brehl, vice-president; John Saile, secretary; Sebastian Veit, treasurer ; Anton Brunei, Frank Wagner, and Valentine Blossauer, relief committee.

4G6 ADVERTISEMENTS.

MICHAEL'S CELEBRATED

Cider Vinegar.

No. 304 East Friend Street,

€&Lmms^§, Q.

ORDERS FROM THE TRADE RESPECTFULLY SOLICITED.

F. MWmAEEi,

illSCELLANEOUS SOCIETIES. 467

Franklin County Bar Association. — At a meeting of the Franklin County Bar in January, 1869, a committee was aj)- pointed to prepare and report a minimum fee-bill. The com- mittee reported at a subsequent meeting,, held on the 3d of February ensuing. The report was adopted, and Messrs. Otto Dresel, Geo. L. Converse, L. J. Critchfield, C. N. Olds, Llewel- Ijn Baber, Wm. E. Eankin, and Thomas Sparrow were ap- pointed a committee to prepare a constitution for the govern- ment of an organization to be known as the Franklin County Bar Association. This committee reported a constitution, which was adofited at a meeting held on the 20th of April, 1869.

The constitution states the objects of the association are to promote harmony, good feeling, and a closer union among the members of the bar ; to maintain professional honor and dignity; to encourage the highest attainments in legal knowledge, and to promote generally the professional interests of its members. One of the articles of the constitution requires the association, as soon as practicable, to provide a room, which shall be com- fortably furnished and kept open during such hours as shall be fixed, and provided with such books, periodicals, etc., as may be purchased for that purpose ; the judges of the court are to be invited to make such room their chambers, and the same is also to be used for the meetings and other purposes of the asso- ciation.

The first oflScers of the association were : Judge J. Wm. Bald- win, president ; Judge H. B. Albery, vice-president ; George K. K'ash, secretary ; Col. James Watson, treasurer ; executive committee, Henry C. Noble, Otto Dresel, C. N. Olds ; board of trustees, J. D. Burnett, Col. L. Baber, Morton E. Brasee, Col. J. T. Holmes, Gen. J. G. Mitchell.

Soon after its adoption, the constitution was printed in a jjamphlet, containing the names of fifty -three members of the association, practicing lawyers of this county.

The association has a fund of $194.75 in its treasury. Its officers are: President, Henry C. Noble; vice-president, L. Baber ; secretary, B. L. Be "VVitt ; treasurer, James Watson ; examining committee, J. Wm. Baldwin, C. N. Olds, and Otto Dresel ; trustees, JohnD. Burnett, John G. Mitchell, B. L. Taylor, J. T. Holmes, and B. T. De Laney (expelled from the bar since his election to the ofiice of trustee).

Columbus Tuknverein. — This association was incorporated

March 11, 1867, with the following oflfieers of the incorporation :

Trustees, George Hessenaur, John Bickel, and Eobert Clemen ;

clerk, John Alten.

The object of the society, as expressed in its certificate of in-

468

ADVERTISEMENTS.

(Successor to Steinbarger & FairchildJ

No. 2 GWYNNE BLOCK, : : COLUMBUS, OHIO.

MISCELLANEOUS SOCIETIES. 469

corj)oration, is to engage in gymnastic exercises, and the culti- vation and training of body and mind.

A memorable event in the history of the Columbus Turnverein was the Turnbezirk of the Ohio Valley district, held under its auspices, in this city, on the 18th, 19th, and 20th of August, 1872. The city, on Saturday, the 18th, the first day of the re- union, was arrayed in holiday attire — banners, flags, flowers, and evergreens being intertwined and wreathed in beautiful fes- toons, or suffered to freely wave and float on the passing breeze.

Turner Hall was especially decorated for the occasion. Amid festoons of evergreens, American and German flags, pictures, and shields bearing the coats of arms of the different States of Germany, ornamented the interior of the hall. There were del- egations present from Indianapolis, Dayton, Cincinnati, Hamil- ton, Piqua, Louisville, and other places, numbering several hun- dreds. The hall was brilliantly illuminated on Saturday even- ing, and from it marched a torch-light jjrocession of two or three hundred Turners, through several streets, headed by a band, each man carrying a Chinese lantern.

This gathering being mainly for an exhibition of progress and proficiency in the exercises of the Turner organization, a meet- ing was held at the hall, on Sunday morning, in relation to the contest for prizes on the following day. This meeting was called to order by Charles F. Eeis, speaker of the Columbus Turners, and an address of welcome was delivered by Henry Olnhauser, of this city. Committees were ajapointed to award the prizes in gymnastic and literary exercises. There were literary exercises in the City Park, on Sunday afternoon, and a concert at the City Hall in the evening.

On Monday, there was a procession of Turners and other Ger- man societies of the city from Turner Hall to the City Pai'k, where there was a grand social picnic, and where the contest for prizes in the gymnastic exercises took place. Diplomas and wreaths were awarded to the victors in these contests. Other and varied exercises rendered the occasion one of real and high enjoyment. Balls at Wenger's and Turner Halls crowned the programme.

The present officers of the Columbus Turnverein are : Presi- dent, Charles F. Beis; vice-president, A. Robsaman; treasurer, Conrad Born ; teacher, C. Peppier ; secretaries, B. Cramer, and C. Yohnson ; trustees, F. Crum, F. Theobald, and C. H. Campen.

Brewers' Association. — The organization of brewers of this city, although it originally included non-residents of Columbus, is a branch of the Brewers' Union of the United States, which holds annual meetings in different cities. Its object is to guard and advance the general interests of the brewing fraternity.

470

ABVEKTISEMENTS.

riie Cokmbus Cabinet Co,

ioyTy!GHTe[[T,

_ ifeS!^

(Oppnaitc the 02'ern Jtaiise,)

\ splcndiJ assortment of Furniture in cveri- style :ind \ariety, sncl) as

I Outer Tables. Cnhiitets. Tuacy Stnixls

Hat Trees, Boolt.« ases ot (lill'ereut

styles aiitl linisli, JIattresses

Parlor A- Library Knits of

every cleseriplioii ami

latest patterns,

ReeeplEoii A Easy Clinirs, Itinins-roon,

ainl ilia 1)1 ber Sots of all styles

Sideboards. Extension Tables,

and everything tliat can be

foniKl in a First-class

TO

OOIVT FAIL TO VXt.V SSKFORK BIYIXG

-A.T OUE,

WAREROOMS, : OPPOSITE THE OPERA HOUSE

MISCELLANEOUS SOCIETIES. 471

The officers of the Brewers' Association of Cohimbus are : Conrad Born, Sen., president ; Nicholaus Schlee, treasurer ; Lewis P. Hoster, secretary. The association meets in Hessenauer's Hall, once every three months — on the first Monday in February, May, August, and November.

Association of the 133d Ebgiment, O. V. I. — This organi- zation, comjiosed of the surviving members of the 133d regiment Ohio volunteer infantry, was formed on the 16th August, 1871. It has for its object the renewing of the associations formed during military service in the late war, and the remembrance of their fallen comrades. The association has a membership numbering 132, who meet together once a year, in a general re- union, at the county fair grounds. The next meeting of the society will take place on Wednesday, the 20th of August, 1873, whieh is the anniversary of the day on which the regiment was mustered out of service.

The officers of the association at present are : Colonel William Ewing, president; Major C. P. Landon, vice-president ; Lieuten- ant C.i^N. Bancroft and Captain E. AV". Poe, secretaries ; Sergeant A. Eitson, treasurer; executive committee, Joseph Eobbins, Dr. L. S. Eafferty, George Wagner, H. 0. Tipton, H. A. Guitner,

John L. B. Wiswell, Edwin Harris, S. M. Sherman, Leavitt,

Henry Plimpton, and J. H. Fearn.

First Gerjian Target Club op Colujibijs. — Incorporated December 29, 1854. Object — to promote and cultivate scientific- ally the art of target shooting. Capital stock $1,000, divided into shares of S5 each. First board of trustees under the incor- poration: Chr. Siebert, Y. Hettesheimer, George Xammacher; clerk, Charles Klie.

The club procured about three acres of ground east of the garden now called the Columbus Nursery, and about one mile and a half south of the State-house. The lot was hand- somely laid off with graveled walks, and planted with choice flowers and shrubbery. The targets were placed against an embankment, whose construction cost $250. Annual target shooting-matches are held usually in September, at whieh off- hand and rest shooting are practiced, and prizes distributed. These matches are attended by the best shots from other Ohio cities.

The present officers of the club are : Christian Siebert, presi- dent; Nicholaus Schlee, secretary; Ferdinand A. Lesquereux, treasurer ; 1st shooting master, Charles Cullman ; 2d shooting master, Ferdinand A. Lesquereux.

472 ADVERTISEMENTS.

ST. CLAIR & SCOTT,

DEALERS IN HARDWARE & CUTLERY,

Manufaclnrers of Galvanized Iron Cornices, Tinware, Etc , COLUMBUS, O.

Landreth's Garden Seeds. A full line kept constantly on hand.

C. SEIBERT,

Manufacturer and Importer of (JUNS, RIFLES, BREECU-LOADlMG SflOT-GDNS,

REVOLVERS, PISTOLS, ETC. ;

Also, Fishing Tackle, and Everylliin<!; Portaining lo the Sporting Circle,

217 South High Street, Columbus, Ohio.

Repairing done in tlie Best Blanner. All work warranted.

N. E. LOVEJOY,

M.\M'FACTUKER OF

Wood^Eave Troughs &. Pipes, Doors, Sash, and Blinds,

Moldings, Urn and Flooriiii,

And Dealer in

^p LUMBER, SHINGLES, & LATH,

COKXEB OF l>KPOT AXD MAPI,E STREETS.

BUSINESS COLLEGE,

NO. 10 ?iOKTlI III«H STREET.

E. I£. Bryan, - _ . PriMcipal.

STU HUNTS HKCEIVEP AT ANY TIME.

MISCELLANEOUS SOCIETIES. 473

temperance societies.

Golden Light Lodge, No. 559, Independent Order op Good Templars, was instituted January 21, 1870, by J. B. King, G. W. S. The object of the Good Templars is very well ex- pressed in their platform, as follows :

1. Total abstinence from all intoxicating liquors as a beverage.

2. No license in any form, or under any circumstances, for the sale of liquors to be used as a beverage.

This lodge has a membership numbering one hundred and five, and their meetings are held every Friday evening in Ses sions' Hall.

OfScers for 1873 : J. J. Davis, W. C. T. ; Hannah Barnett, W. V. T. ; A. Johnston, W. E. S. ; Wm. Evans, W. A. S. ; Thomas ^Y. Grant, W. F. S. ; Hugh Earl, W. T. ; George W. Fisk, W. M. ; Annie White, W. D. M. ; Zados Griffith, W. Chaplain; Lucy Hames, W. J. G. ; Thomas Earl, W. O. T. ; Addie Hames, W. E. H. S. ; Mattie Powell, W. L. H. S. ; John A. Dunn, past W. C. T. ; John Chamberlain, lodge deputy.

Babbling Brook Lodge, Independent Order op Good Tem- plars, was organized August 12, 1872, in Sessions' Hall, twentj^-seven persons becoming members. The object of the organization is to discourage the manufacture and use of intox- icating liquors; to help save the fallen, and to prevent others from entering the vice of intemperance. The order extends over the whole of the United States and parts of Europe.

The nest session of the Grand Lodge of Good Templars of the United States will meet in this city, in October, 1873.

The meetings of the lodge are now held at the Odd Fellows' Temple every Wednesday evening. The society has a member- ship numbering 125.

Officers for 1873 : Wm. D. Barker, L. D. ; Wm. Davis, W. C. T. ; James Bibby, W. C. T. ; Emma C. Cook, W. V. T. ; Prof John Loyd, E. S. ; Bell Barker, W. E. S. ; J. H. Green, W. F. S. ; Edwin Cook, W. T. ; Thomas Hames, W. M. ; Albert Wal- rath, W. I. G. ; Joseph Cook, W. O. G. ; and W. D. Barker, W. C. Trustees : William D. Barker, J. H. Green, and Joseph Cook.

Eureka Degree Temple, No. 1. — This is a higher order of Good Templars, with the same object as the Golden Light and Babbling Brook Lodges. It was instituted bj' John A. Dunn, G. W. M., December 30, 1872. It is as yet in its infancy. The meetings of the degree are held at Sessions' Hall.

Officers for 1873 : Hugh Earl, W. D. T. ; Annie M. White, W. D. V. T. ; Mattie Powell, W. D. E. S. ; Emma Cook, W. D. A. S.; Wm. D. Barker, W. D. F. S. ; Lewis Fink, W. C. ; Belle

474

ADVERTISEMENTS.

mm

jirEKY rAimsTT of

stocking Yarn, Flannels, Jeans, Blankets, Satinets, Cassimeres, Linsoys. Waterproofs, etc., at WHOLESALE and RETAIL. Also,

/^Oi^MmA" GM,Q'TMS. GMLVUSZL.L-l§, Etc,

FOK C.VSII OR IS KXl'H.VXdJK F«I6 WOOIi.

S]KHiill illtcntioil \y.M lo Roll-Olnliiu;-, Spiuuiiiu-. uiul ;ill kiiuls ol Cusloni Work.

EAST FRIEND STSiilET, 3 Doors from High. C. X.. GliiiRK.

COLUMBUS RAILROADS. 475

Barker, W. D. J. G. ; Thomas Hames, W. D, S. : Edwin Cook, W. D. M. ; Lucy Hames, W. D. A. M. ; Hannah Barnett, ^Y. D. E. H. S. ; Mary J. Barker, W. D. L. H. S.

Pure Fount Temple of Honor, ISTo. 3. — This society was or- ganized March 22, 1869, in Franklinton, now part of this city, under a disjacnsation granted by John F. Spencer, S. W. T.

Charter members : Sylvester Condon, John A. Eomosier, John D. Dean, John Cloud, Presley Charles, Eead Grain, Franklin Flaming, Middleton Poole, George Deardurff, and Henry Linni- mann.

The society has a membership numbering twenty -five. Its meetings are held at Temple Hall, every Tuesday evening.

Officers for 1873 ; Middleton Poole, W. C. T. ; David O. Mull, W. V. T.; Bead Crain, W. R. ; George Wilcox, W. A. E. ; Thos. Fleming, W. F. E. ; George Sinclair, W. T.; Frederick Mall, W. U. ; John Wilcox, W. D. U. ; Joseph Davidson, W. G.; John Sinclair, W. S., and Sylvester Condon, P. W. C. T.

St. Patrick's Catholic Total Abstinence and Benevolent Society. — This society was orgaiiized July 29, 1867. Its object is twofold — the sujjpression of intemperance, and the mutual benefit of the members. It has about forty members, who meet every Sunday after vespers, in school-room No. 1 of St. Pat- rick's school-house. Its officers are: Michael Fahey, president; John Scanlan, vice-president; H. J. McMahon, recording secre- tary ; William J. Scanlan, corresponding secretary ; John Irwin, financial secretary; Felix Sheridan, treasurer; Eight Eov. S. H. Eosecrans, spiritual director.

CHAPTEE XVIII.

THE COLUMBUS EAILKOADS.

So important, complicated, and extensive have become the business and interests of the railroads centering in tliis city, that but little attention can be paid to their carlj^ history, beyond the facts stated in noticing their present condition and connec- tions. Space can be given to a few interesting items only in our early railroad history.

The Columbus and Xenia was the first railroad built leading out of Columbas. The company was chartered by a special act passed March 12, 1844 ; but the road was not constructed till 1848 and 1849. The first passenger train passed over it Febru- ary 20, 1850. Shortly after this date, the legislature, then in

476

ADVERTISEMENTS.

». H. KOYCE, Supt.

jr. G. PITI.I.I1VG, Treas.

FRANKLIN iCHINE COMPANY

lUanafaoturcrs of

Engines, Shaftings, Pulleys, ard Hangers,

MIILL[I1BL[ IRON CLIIiflPS,

Brush. Triaamers,

ALL KINDS OF MACHINERY,

BRASS FOVXDERS, ETC.

AGENTS FOR

STIRTEVAXT'S IJEOWERS,

ARMSTROXG-N 1»ATEXT HEATER,

IIWI.I.AMt .1- ««MYS GEASS OlEERS,

KXOWEES- STEAM 1>IM1>S.

202 Water St., Cohmbus, 0.

COLUMBUS RAILROADS. 477

session, on invitation, took an excursion over the road and the Little Miami to Cincinnati and back.

The second Columbus railroad put in operation was the road from Columbus to Cleveland, called the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati Railroad. The company's original charter was dated March 14, 1836, but filteen years elapsed before the road was built. A grand excursion train passed over it fi'om Columbus to Cleveland on the 21st of February, 1851, conveying thither the State legislature, the city authorities of Columbus and Cin- cinnati, and many other citizens, and returning them to this city after a day's visit to Cleveland.

The Central Ohio was the third railroad opened out from Co- lumbus. The company's special charter bears date February 8, 1847, but the road was not ready for the passage of trains be- tween Columbus and Zanesville till January 18, 1853. The legis- lature, the city authorities of Columbus, and other citizens en- joyed an excursion to Zanesville and back on the same day.

Our tirst era of railroad enterprise was closed by the opening up of the Columbus, Piqua and Indiana road. The charter of the company for building this road is dated February 23, 1849. The first train passed over the road from Columbus to Urbana, July 4, 1853, and in the fall of that year trains ran from Colum- bus to Piqua.

These roads, with the Hocking Valley and the Columbus and Springfield, all form trunk lines, having branches and forming connections that enable them to penetrate every considerable por- tion of the country, and bring our city into direct and immediate communication with every important town, port, and city in the United States and British America. These facilities of trans- portation and intercourse, joined to those that will be afforded by the coal, mineral, and other roads in prospect and certain to be speedily constructed, will make Columbus a railroad center unsurpassed by few, if by any, in the West.

THE CENTRAL OHIO RAILROAD.

[This road is leased to the Baltimore and Ohio Eailroad Com- pany, and is known as the "Central Ohio Division of the Balti- more and Ohio Eailroad." The Central road is all in Ohio.]

The building of this road was a project originating at Zanes- ville. The company was formed under a special law passed February 8, 1847, for building a railroad from the city of Co- lumbus, through Newark and Zanesville, "to such point on the Ohio river as the directors may select."

The company was organized at Zanesville, August 24, 1847, by the election of directors and other officers — Solomon Sturges

478 ADVERTISEMENTS.

W. E. IDE.

L. C. BAILEY. N. 6CIJLEE.

CENTRAL BANK,

ODD FELLOWS' BUILDING.

BANK OF DISCOUNT AND DEPOSIT.

Dra'ts for e-ili', nn principal cities fif the United States, payaMi? in currency ; and on Californiii and four Iniodred ditterent cities in Europe, payable in gold.

Kuroppan PaSiiage Tickets for sjile at same prices as at Company's office in New York. Letters of Credit furnished Europo;in T-raveterH.

INTEREST PAIO OX TIME DEPOSITS.

L. C. BAILEY, Cashier.

JOHN SCHNEIDER,

No. 155 South High Street,

Would inform the public that he iil\\-avrt krcp^ mi liand a lart^e and fine =e]oction of

WATCHES- CLOCKS. AND JEWELRY.

Wliich ho wiJI .-^ell at lowest lu-ins. Sp.-i-ial attention is call.jj to liis assortment of SPEC'TACEES. Any one neediii|j; spectacles may be a-sured to find a pair, p-Tfectly suited to his eyes, at nin^;t n-a <.inalile prices, lie alsi> ki-vjis un baud, and sells as luw as tlie lowest, a "line selection of

Silver-Plated W are, Cutlery, etc.

Walclies and Spt-ctttctes repaired oh short notice. D-t n't fm-get the place.

JOHN SCHNEIDER.

GEORGE VANDEUSON,

Wbulosiilo (ind Retail Poalor in

Hocking and Straitsville Coal,

No. 129 North High Street,

COLUiMBUS, (>.

COLUMBUS RAILROADS. 479

l^rcsident. In September, 1848, John H. Sullivan was elected president; and in Isiay, 1850, the road was put under contract from Zanesville to Newark, and in November following, the re- mainder of the line from Newark to Columbus was contracted for. Delays incident to such work occurred, so that the road from Zanesville to Newark was not opened for the passage of trains till the 26th of January, 1852, and from Newark to Co- lumbus not until the 18th of January, 1853.

Although the countrj^ from Zanesville to Columbus is gen- erally of a favorable character for a railroad, there was some quite heavy work. Section 13, near Claypool's Mills, in Mus- kingum county, had about 60,000 yards of embankment ; sec- tion 17, at Black Hand, a solid rock excavation 700 feet long and 64 feet deep at the deepest place ; section 52, at Walnut creek, in Franklin county, some 300,000 yards of embankment, besides a large amount of trestle-work, and section 56, at Alum creek, near Columbus, required a deep cutting, embankment, and a bridge over the creek. "With the above exceptions and the necessary bridging, including an iron bridge over the Mus- kingum river at Zanesville, nothing very formidable was en- countered.

"While the work on the line west of Zanesville was being for- warded, surveys of different routes were made east to the Ohio river. In 1852, thirty-one sections east of Zanesville were let, upon which work commenced immediately, and during that year the remaining portion of the road to the river was con- tracted for. The tir.st thirty-one miles were so far advanced in May, 1854, that the road was opened to Cambridge, and the re- mainder of the line to the river in November, 1854, so that trains passed over it.

Some very heavy work had to be done on this part of the road. Section 16, east of Zanesville, required a deep cutting, in which continual slips occurred, and it has not yet been brought down to grade. The tunnel at Cambridge was another troul3le- some affair, being composed of such material as to decompose and fall by the action of the atmosphere. About one-half of its length had to be made an open cut before it could be arched, so as to be permanent.

From Cambridge to the Ohio river considerable heavy work became a necessity. The Barnesville trestle, so called, was a dilEcult affair, and was not completed till October, 1872. The foundation for the embankinent, being of such material as to be subject to continual slides, was a very expensive job. Some parts of the Barnesville grade have been attended with much labor and expense in keeping them up, owing to the tendency of the earth to slip and slide. The grade there, for some five

480

ADVERTISEMENTS.

urn. IWIEG

22a EAST FBIENT) STBEET,

[Near Hixtli.)

livery Well riiinrniiteeil to fiiini.^h nn ohiiiidiinee of irater. aji,l evert/ rump unrrtiiiteil to u-ork. Vnrtieulur attention given to Jiejinirs. Orders throu„li the J'o.-t-offiee, ailtlressrd to I.oek Box 7053, tcill t-frrir.' i,ro»-j.( attention.

COLUiMBUS RAILROADS. 'ISl

miles, averages about eighty feet to t^e mile. Prom Barncs- ville east there are deep cuts and rocky points, and in the val- ley of McMahon's creek, in eighteen miles, some sixteen bridges were built ; besides, there was the usual amount of bridging re- quired to be done, and three or four more tunnels.

Much was expected by the oificera of the company and the people along the road at its opening ; but owing to the ftict that the road was new, unfinished, unballasted, and without the nec- essary side-tracks and turn-outs to facilitate the passage of trains, it soon became in such condition, and the damage to ma- chinery so great, that it could not accommodate the business of- fering, and it got into disrepute. More than this, the amount of caj)ital stock subscribed, with the mortgage bonds issued, was only about half enough to pay the cost of construction and equipment, and, in consequence, a large floating debt was con- tracted. Failure to pay its obligations at maturity caused much complaint; and want of confidence by the public rendered it difficult for the company to put the road in condition to do busi- ness. It worked on till the fall of 1855, having to depend en- tirely upon its earnings, which were inadequate for the purpiose, to pay debts and improve the road.

In August, 1855, Elias Fassett was elected president, but did not take charge till March, 1856. About that time it was de-- termined that the earnings of the road should, for the present, be applied to the expenses of operating and putting it in proper order, delaying any attempt to pay the floating debt from that source. This change of policy operated somewhat favorably, enabling the company to give satisfaction by prompt payment for supplies and labor, and the road began to improve.

Arrangements were soon made, by advice of a meeting of the floating-debt creditors, two-thirds or more of the debt being represented, to issue a fourth mortgage, the bonds of which should be applied to funding the debt of the company. The bonds were issued, and about two-thirds of the floating debt re- tired in this way; but some of the creditors refused to accept them, and commenced legal proceedings to collect their claims.

During Mr. Fassett's administration, with all the drawbacks, the earnings of the road increased and the road improved. The interest on the flrst and second-mortgage bonds was paid till the latter part of 1857, when it was found that the interest could not be longer paid unless the company ran behind in its daily expenses for labor and material.

On the 1st of ISTovembor, 1857, Mr. Fassett resigned the pres- idency, and 11. J. Jewett was elected president, and assumed the management of the road. In the years 1857-58 and 1858-59, the earnings declined. Interest on the bonds could not

482

ADVERTISEMENTS.

Ohi© FnFMiter© ©@,

Uinufactnrers of and Wholesale aci Eetiil Dsalers in

FUilTyBE, Glll[ Si WOOD SEIIT CHIS,

OF EVERY DESt'RlPTIOX.

SalesFooxn^ 119 S. High St. FACTORY, WEST MOUND ST. COLUMBUS, OHIO.

^\Q liiwo tho cxclusivp sjilo hero for tho cokbratea

ITiiitod Stntos »>iiriii); B<m1, Potors" tniprovcHi Wire Maltross, nnrt tbe

Tui-lior Spring U«><l Itottoin.

>Vi«h n (foiiorni nsKortuu-iit ol' Ilnsk. and Ilnsk ninl CoKou Top. I'iiliit Eoiil'. Npriiis:' and Hair Malli-osscs :

And wiHilil ros|..'['triill.v inviti-nn insin'i-lioii ot our full :nul oomiilolo Stock of

I'ai-lor. 4'liaiiilx-r. I>iiiiii;; Itiioiii. and Eibrarj Sols.

COLUMBUS RAILROADS. 483

be paid, and the bondholders becoming dissatisfied, instituted proceedings in the Circuit Court of the United States for the Southern District of Ohio, for foreclosure of the first and second mortgages. The road was placed, May 1, 1857, in the hands of H. J. Je.Tvett, as receiver. It remained in this condition till De- cember 1, 1865, during which time the business of the road in- creased ; much of the increase, no doubt, was in consequence of the large amount of transportation required for the government on account of the war from 1861 to 1865. The receiver was en- abled to discharge a considerable amount of the company's lia- bilities of a preferred character. In this time, also, the com- ■ pany perfected a plan for compromising their old debts. The road was sold at judicial sale, and a new organization was ef- fected, the creditors and stockholders assenting to receive stock in the reorganized company at such rates as were agreed ui^on. The new companj- took the name of the Central Ohio Eailroad Company as Reorganized, with an authorized capital stock of S3, 000,000, and first mortgage bonds, §2,500,000. A board of directors was elected November 1, 1805, with H. J. Jewett, pres- ident; and on the 1st of December following, the road jjassed into the hands of the new organization.

In November, 1866, a contract was entered into between the company and the Baltimore and Ohio Eailroad Company, the latter company leasing the road, its property, and equipment, and agreeing to operate it for a term of years, and to pay the comjjany 35 jjer cent, of its gross earnings. This contract went into effect on the 1st of December, 1866, the Baltimore and Ohio Company taking possession of the road, which, as a matter of convenience for that company, is called the Central Ohio Divis- ion of the Baltimore and Ohio Eailroad. This agreement en- ables the company to pay the interest upon its bonds, provide for the sinking fund, expenses of its corporate organization, and for dividends to its stockholders.

Since the Baltimore and Ohio Eailroad Company took charge of the road, it has steadily improved in its road-bed and equip- ment, and a large amount of rolling-stock has been added. A splendid bridge has been built over the Ohio river at Bellaire and Benwood, West Virginia, which cost about 11,250,000. This bridge is an imposing structure. The following description is taken from the Forty-fifth Annual Eejjort of the Baltimore and Ohio Eailroad Company for 1871 :

"The bridge constructed by the Baltimore and Ohio Eailroad Company over the Ohio river at Benwood, West Virginia, was first opened for the passage of trains on the 21st day of June, 1871. The first stone of Ohio shore Pier No. 1, was laid May 2,

4S4 ADVERTISKMENTS.

J. G. FLETCHER,

(FOriMERLV OK BOSTON AND NEW yonR.,)

Portrait Painter.

Portraits painted in Oil. from Life or from Photo^rapbs. Old Paintings cleaned, repaired, and varnished.

STUDIO, No. 109 South High Street,

ROOM 9 (Over Kandall, Aston & Co.)

E. y.. SMITH. J. F. BARTLIT.

SMITH & CO.

SIANUFACTUEEES OF

Cast Gas and Water Pipe of All Sizes,

BRANCH CASTINGS, ETC.

COLUMBUS, O.

s. E. s J^ n^vd: TJ E i_. ,

^Vll'n,KSAI.^: and rktail iu.aleii i.s;

rKUKl'MKllY .\XP FANTY AUTU'LKS, E I'C.

Pure I>l<iiiors lor Moilieinni I>iirposos only. Proscriptions

t'nrol'itlly Prrpitml nt nil Uoiirs.

llnvinp liii.l ii.'iirly tliirty yours' pnuli.al i-xpiTionco in the ein-nil Prui; Duainoss, nn.t a liUKlnosB ur,|iiiuiiliuui' with meat of 1 lif |.M,linK iinpoTting ami johhing liou oa of tlio Faat 1 fc.-l lOiiMilcnt that 1 ran olio,- apr.-ial imluciMuonts to moiobauts au.l othera viaiti n- tbe rlty with a viow to imn-liaaing atock.

■I'h.uiUiiit; llio iHil.li,- l,,i- iho liberal palronaKo horotofovo b,stoiv,'.1, I oarnt-atlv aoHoit a toiitlimauoo ol Ihtiaaliu'.

J\'o. 115 N. Uiyli aticit, Cohnnbus, O.

COLUMBUS RAILKOADS. 485

18G8, and from that date to the final opening the work was pros- ecuted without intermission.

'■'■Approaches. — The "West Virginia approach is by a line diverg- ing from the main stem of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, near Benwood station, and extending with cuts and fills 2,400 feet to the West Virginia abutment. The Ohio approach is by a line diverging from the Central Ohio Division of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, at the company's stock -grounds, and extending by cuts and fills 2,250 feet to the first Ohio abutment. The ap- proach is then continued across the company's grounds and through the city of Bellaire, along First street, by a solid and ornamental arcade work of fii-st-class masonry, extending by 43 arched sj^ans of 33 feet 4 inches each, from center to center of piers, a distance of 1,433 feet 4 inches, and of an average height of 45 feet, to the second Ohio abutment in the city of Bellaire.

'■^Masonry. — The masonry consists of solid ashler, and the work- manship is first-class in every respect. The material employed is sandstone, obtained from the Ohio quarries.

"The Grafton stone is used for the pier-facing where exposed to the action of the ice. The masonry of the Benwood bridge piers ranges from 40 to 110 feet in height, and of an average height of 77 feet, are fourteen in number, and with the Ohio and West Virginia abutments contain 25,374 cubic yards of ma- sonry; the arcade work contains 14,854 cubic yards ; total quan- tity of masonry, 40,228 cubic yards.

" Superstructure. — The spans beginning at the West Virginia abutment are of the following lengths from center to center of masonry: Span No. 1 is 121 feet; ISTos. 2 and 3, each 106 feet 6 inches ; Nos. 4, 5, 6, and 7, each 107 feet 6 inches. These spans, from 1 to 7 inclusive, are deck 'Bollman' spans, and were built at the company's shops. Mount Clare. Span No. 8 is 211 feet ; No. 9, 212 feet ; No. 10, 213 feet ; No. 11, 348 feet ; No. 12, 241 feet 6 inches; No. 13, 210 feet in length. Those spans, from 8 to 13 inclusive, constitute the river or water-way spans, and are of a total length of 1,435 feet 6 inches. Spans Nos. 11 and 12 are the channel spans. These spans are of the '.Linville and Piper ' truss, and were built by the Keystone Bridge Com- pany, of Pittsburg, Pa. Span No. 14 is 107 feet ; No. 15 is 105 feet in length. These spans are deck ' Bollman,' and were built at the company's shops at Mount Clare.

"The total length of open work is 2,411 feet 6 inches. The total length of bridge, from end to end of masonry, is 3,916 feet 10 inches.

" The total length of bridge and approaches is 8,566 feet 10 inches."

The road is now a first-class road, and is managed with much

486

ADVERTISEMENTS.

! t ^B^S

Co.

l^Qa 21 ^ast To-ii^a. Street,

» E A L i: n ;» i »>

STOVES

And house FUSil^liliS

Umi

MASIFACTIRERS OF

n B

irsieis, wisdow yap

ETC., .VXI>

COLUMBUS, O.

COLUMBUS RAILROADS. 487

ability. Its trains have been run with great regularity, and it has been remarkably exempt from accidents causing loss of life to passengers. The road is 137 miles in length from Columbus to Bellaire, passing through the east part of Franklin county, and through Licking, Muskingum, Guernsey, and Belmont coun- ties; also, through Newark, Zanesville, and Cambridge, the county-seats of Licking, Muskingum, and Guernsey "counties ; and the town of Barnesville, in Belmont county, to Bellaire, a city of about 5,000 inhabitants. Besides the places named, there are some forty stations, of more or less importance, for the accommodation of the business of the company, and to receive and deliver passengers, produce, and merchandise.

Its connections are of the very first class. Connecting with the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, at Bellaire, and passing over the bridge to Benwood, West Virginia, close connections are made to Wheeling and all the eastern cities, with the Cleveland and Pittsburg road, at Bellaire, and with steamers on the Ohio river to various ports ; at Zanesville, with the Cincinnati and Muskin- gum Yalley railroad ; at Newark, with the Pittsburg, Cincinnati and St. Louis railway, the Lake Brie and Straitsville Divisions of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, and at Columbus with all the railroads radiating from that point; thus furnishing unsur- passed facilities to travelers going in any direction, and superior accommodations for all passing over the road.

The operations of the road are under the direct management of W. C. Quincy, as general superintendent, and his assistants, with office at the northwest corner of High and North streets, in Columbus ; George E. Blanchard, general freight, and Louis M. Cole, general ticket agents, offices at Baltimore ; and N. Guilford, assistant general freight agent, office at Columbus. H. J. Jewett is president, and William Wing, secretary of the company and cashier of the Baltimore and Ohio Company, with offices at Co- lumbus ; Daniel Applegate, treasurer of the company, at Zanes- ville, and A. D. Smith, assistant auditor, at Columbus.

The following statistics of the Central Ohio Eailroad Com- pany are taken from the last report of the Ohio railroad com- missioner:

" Capital stock authorized, 13,000,000 ; amount of stock issued, S2,845,500 ; total cost of road to date, S5,500,000 ; number of locomotives, 39; number of passenger cars, 20; number of freight and other cars, 1,037 ; total number of persons employed, 1,275 ; general average rates for passengers, 2J cents per mile ; general average rates for freight, 2^ cents per ton per mile ; total earnings of the road for the year, $966,315.94; total operating expenses for the year, 1850,339.09; net earnings for the year, $115,976.85."

The city of Columbus owes, in a great measure, its birth to

488

ADVERTISEMENTS.

DENIG__& FERSON,

Mamifacturors cf

SALESRQOM,

90 North Hiffli Street. Colunbug.

CHAETEE OAK LIPl] INSURANCE CO.

A%^,. Organized, 1850.

J. €. Walkley,

]'1U:SIDLNT.

^^A ASSETS, July 1, 1ST

Isaeoino for ISTl,

S. II. White.

si:"a''y and TKKAS.

$10,000,000.00 4.14S,74r».00

l>iVE4loii<l*4 to rolioy-lCoE<l-

orw, in ISTl, 1,140.572.00

I>oafU I<o«isos Pinid in ISTl, 713.545,95

This old auil snbetuntiiil Conipiiny ifiMii'H all il.>ir;iM',- fumis uf ['oIii.-u>s on row CASH KATES. Diviilomln piiiil jinmuxlly, liot^inninp; with first roncwal. Tho jilixTi of I>o]>osii InNiirniiro. recently iutroihiccd by tlifs Coinptmy, is vory poini- hir, bcinjj; ■.■connniiciil, mlIi', itii<l jivuilubh'. It t^ivrs u nmob bir.tjcr c^uli valiu- for suiToiulcr of pnli.\v tbiui is iilbnv.il niuifr any otbor form of iiisurunce. ECONOBIT or iflANAGEMEl^'T is a promiiunt f.atnre of this Company. All lU'isoUH desiring LilL> liinuranco iiro rospectfuMy inviti-d to oxumiiio its plans ao.i man- ner of doing busini'ss.

JOHN N. LYMAN, General Agent,

lOU South IliKh St. A«KNTS WANTED. Colniubiis, Ohio.

COLUMBUS RAILROADS. 489

railroad life to this road. While the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati, and the Columbus and Xenia railroads were in op- eration, a year or two in advance, the Central Ohio was the first direct line from Columbus to Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, and the great eastern centers of trade, and, in this regard, it justly deserves the title of pioneer. Had not this road been constructed, there would probably have been today no direct communication east, by railroad, to Baltimore and Washington City. It opened the gateway over the Alleghanies, following parallel with that great thoroughfare, the National Eoad, and, for some years, it held the key to this splendid western country, inducing emigration to, and settlement in Columbus, its terminal western point, thereby contributing largely to the prosperity and wealth of the city. For these things, the Baltimore and Ohio should ever be held in grateful remembrance, and be liber- ally patronized by our citizens.

COLUMBUS AND HOCKINO VALLEY RAILROAD.

On the 14th of April, 1864, W. P. Cutler, John Mills, Douglass Putnam, B. H. Moore, and M. M. Greene filed a certificate with the secretary of state, incorporating " The Mineral Railroad Com- pany," with authority to construct and operate a railroad from Athens to Columbus, with a capital stock of one million five hun- dred thousand dollars.

M. M. Greene took charge of the project, and labored for some time, in Southern Ohio, to secure the requisite subscription to the capital stock. But in vain, and the enterprise was dropped.

In January, 1866, Mr. Greene came to Columbus and pre- sented the project to our citizens, specially asking from a few of our representative business men, that after a full considera- tion of the enterprise, they would meet and discuss the question as to the probable benefit which would result to our city, from the development of the coal and iron fields of the Hocking Valley. February 19, 1866, a number of gentlemen met at the ofiice of Bartlet & Smith, and Mr. Greene presented, fully and concisely, his views as to the great importance of the proposed road, giving facts, data, and estimates as to the business of a rail- road built with special regard to the coal and iron trade, rather than for passengers and agricultural trafliic. He stated what was then hardly credible, that his observation for years war- ranted him in assuming that a railroad, with low grades and easy curves, could be constructed down the valley, and reach, with short branches, the entire coal-field. The meeting resulted in a determination to have a preliminary survey made.

Messrs. B. B. Smith, Wm. Dennison, Wm. G. Deshler, W. B. Brooks, Wm. A. Piatt, B. S. Brown, Wm. A. Neil, and

490

ADVERTISEMENTS.

. G. LILLEY & GO.

COLUMBUS, OHIO,

riTiLISHF.RS OF

^s>

iJw

eiiows §yam^miwii,

DEB ODD FELLOW,

Monthly Magazines of the I. O. O. F.

Fl ^B

■*• •»■ -V » T V

KNIT

mili

imimn^.

And Regalia and Lodge Supplies

FOR ALL SOCIETIES,

M. C. LTLLEY .fe CO,

COLUMBUS RAILROADS. 491

Thco. Comstock each gave one hundred dollars for the proposed preliminarj' siirvej-, which was forthwith made under direction of Mr. Greene. This was the germ, whence sprang an enterprise that time has proven to be of the greatest importance to onr city, and has fully sustained Mr. Gi-reene, the projector, in all his representations.

Upon report of survey, books for subscription to the capital stock were opened in Columbus and at the several towns along the line of the proposed road, providing " that no subscription should be binding, unless seven hundred and fifty thousand dol- lars, unconditional subscription, should be made within one year." After great labor by a few active men, among whom we may name Isaac Eberly, the sum as provided was obtained.

The stockholders met at the City Hall, Columbus, December 19, 1866, and organized the company by electing the first board of directors :

Peter Hayden, B. E. Smith, Wm. G. Deshler, Isaac Eberly, Geo. M. Parsons, J. C. Garrett, M. M. Greene, "Wm. Dennison, Theo. Comstock, W. B. Brooks, D. Tallmadge, Wm. P. Cutler, E. H. Moore.

The board elected as ofiicers : Peter Hayden, president ; M. M. Greene, vice-president and superintendent ; J. J. Janney, secretary and treasurer; Allen G. Thurman, solicitor.

M. M. Greene was directed by the board to take charge of the engineer department, and to proceed forthwith to survey and locate the line of the road.

May 2, 1867. The name of the company was changed to "The Columbus and Hocking Valley Eailroad Company."

May 22, 1867. The board contracted with Dodge, Case & Co., in the sum of 11,665,000, payable in bonds and cash, for the construction of the road, to be completed in November, 1868.

August 17, 1867. The board authorized the issue of $1,500,000 in first-mortgage seven per cent, thirty -year bonds, to be dated October 1, 1867, and at the same time provided a sinking fund setting aside October 1, 1872, and annually thereafter, 115,000 to be applied to the reduction of said bonded debt.

January, 1870. B. E. Smith was elected jwesident, P. Hay- den retiring.

In consequence of unavoidable delays, the road was not opened to Lancaster, until January, 1869 ; to Nelsonville, September, 1869 ; and to Athens, July, 1870.

As the road opened from point to point, business was pressed upon it, taxing constantly to its limit the capacity of its equip- ment. During its unfinished state, its earnings were sufficient to pay the interest upon the bonds, as they were required to be issued. The opening of the road created great excitement among

492

ADVERTISEMENTS.

Wholesale and Eetail Dealer in

Pure Catawba Wines,

OF HIS OWX PKOnrCTIOK ;

Also, Constautly oil hand, a Full Assortment of

a Mil MISIIG ii;

Rooms, 21 and 23 East Town Street,

COXjUMB-Q-S, o.

JACOBS' IIAI.Ii. 21 anrt 33 Fast Town Street, nsod ppnerally as a I>A1«CK-1IAL,I> FOK RKi«iPECTABL,E OATHERIKOS.

COLUMBUS RAILROADS. 493

tho owners of coal lands throughout the entire coal region; the lands advanced rapidly in price ; options were secured on all ac- cessible territory; coal companies, with abundant capital, were rapidly organized, and mines were opened. The success of the coal operators, on the main line, caused great demand and pres- sure on the board for the building of branch roads to traverse the several valleys of the coal region.

The jjolicy of the directory being conservative and cautious, they yielded only partly to the demand by authorizing, in April, 1870, the construction of a branch to Straitsville — thirteen miles in length — which was opened in January, 1871. To provide funds for building the branch, the board authorized the issue of $300,000 in ten-year seven per cent, bonds, dated July 1, 1870, secured by a mortgage on the branch. This is the first of numerous branches which will be imperatively demanded by the constant development of the coal trade.

We expect, in the not far distant future, to see the Hocking Valley road, like a thrifty tree, pushing its roots into the earth, and drawing thence the rich life-blood of trade to be poured through the main trunk, and thence disseminated far and wide through its branches — its roots penetrating the Southern Ohio coal-fields, and its branches spreading all throughout the North and West.

The great increase of business in 1871 — that being the first year during which the road was fully operated for twelve months — necessitated a corresponding increase of depot grounds, sidings, and equipment. To provide the funds therefor, the board, in September, 1871, authorized the issue of $1,000,000 in seven per cent, twenty -year second-mortgage bonds, dated January 1, 1872; $300,000 of which were set aside to be ex- changed for the $300,000 branch bonds, and the residue — $700,000 — to be sold from time to time, as the increase of busi- ness should require. The entire authorized bonded debt is $2,500,000 ; of the second mortgage, however, but $370,000 of the $700,000 have been sold, making the net bonded debt, N"o- vember 1, 1872, $2,170,000. The capital stock paid up, K'ovem- ber 1, 1872, is $1,150,000, making a total stock and debt of $3,320,000, as of that date.

Although built as a "coal-road," the otfier business, arising from the creation aud growth of the numerous towns upon the road, and the vast increase in the products of lands in its vicin- ity, have made the miscellaneous trade no small item. This trade is chiefly lumber, stone, salt, agricultural products, and supplies for the miners. The supply trade is quite large and is rapidly growing, many Columbus merchants doing more busi- ness in the Hocking Valley than in any other section of Ohio.

494

ADVERTISEMENTS.

J. & G. BUTLER,

SstablislKKl 1843,

holesale (rrocers,

AND DEALERS IN

FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC PRODUCE.

AGENTS rOK

Cement and Plaster Mills,

COE. HIGH AND GAY STS., COLUMBUS, 0.

Specialties; : : Liquors and Tobaccos,

Jacobs Brothers^

MANUFACTURERS OF

And Dealers in AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.

Office, 15 West Broad Street, COLUMBUS, OHIO.

COLUMBUS RAILROADS. 495

The trade is both profitable and safe, as the coal-operators pay cash monthly to the miners ; hence, the trade of the valley is as nearly as possible done on a cash basis.

The business for 1871, leaving off fractions of thousands, "was:

INCOME.

Receipts from coal freights $298,000

Eeceipts from passengers 120,000

Miscellaneous freight 1.31,000

Total income $549,000

DISBURSEMENTS.

interest paid 8129,000

Operating expenses 263,000

Total disbursed 1392,000

Making profit, $157,000. Operating expeenses about 47 per cent.

The coal trade was :

From IS'elsonville, W. B. Brooks $142,000

From Straitsville, Jno. D. Martin & Co 77,000

From Haydenville, P. Haj-don 43,000

From Lick Bun, E. A. Fitch & Co 26,000

From other points, new openings 10,000

$298,000

The passenger transportation was: East bound, $57,000; west bound, $63,000 ; number, 143,000 — not one of whom was injured.

As a return to the stockholders for the use of their funds eni- ploj^ed in the construction of the road, the board distributed to them, March 1, 1872, twenty per cent, in the stock of the com- pany, which was paid for in cash from the earnings of the road, from the commencement of business to January 1, 1872.

July 10, 1872, the board made a cash dividend of five per cent, from the earnings of the first six months of that year. After a thorough examination into the status of the road, and looking at its business, past, present, and prospective, the board felt authorized to say that the stockholders could confidently ex- pect regular semi-annual dividends of five per cent, thereafter. Frequent or long-continued strikes by the miners of the entire coal region might so affect the business of the road as to dimin- ish the looked-lbr annual retui-n. No great apprehension, how-

496

ADVERTISEMENTS.

WE SELL TO CIBHIIIGE iVIIllJUFIlCTUIIEIIS

FOR lESS THAJf THEIR WORK COSTS THE3I.

o

o

n

o

rantee Large Profits

TO DEALERS AND TRADERS.

G ua

COLUMBUS RAILROADS. 497

over, need be felt on that point. Experience has proven that strikes, on the part of miners, and those engaged in like occu- pations, have been more disastrous to the workmen than to the capitalists. The miners are so intelligent a class, they must see that capital and labor are not necessarily antagonistic, but rather mutually dependent ; yet, should the conflict come, the loss of interest can be endured longer than the loss of food.

The propriety of iising convict labor in mines, as is done in many of the largest salt and coal-mines and stone-quarries in Europe and Asia, has been discussed by ijolitical economists as a last resort. In case of persistent strikes, it might be expedient here. It is to be hoped, however, the day is far distant when the mines in Ohio shall be lighted by the lamp on a convict's brow, or echo the clink of a convict's pick. Let us have "free labor" in the Hocking Valley. Let every man be "free" to work as he will, for whom he will, and on what terms he will ; and let all who will not work, cpiit. But they should not dictate to or interfere with those who will work. Let the miners be " free men " iii their politics, religion, and labor, and public sentiment, backing up law, will sustain them. As "free men " they will receive, in any given year, fiir more wages than they will earn under their "Union" dictation, the prime cause of frequent strikes, suspicions, recriminations, and bad blood gen- erally. Coal is an article of such necessity to all that community will effectually protect itself against all evils caused by dicta- tion on part of labor, or monopoly on the part of capital.

The business of the road for 1872 has been given us from the books for the first ten months, with a fair estimate for ISTovember and December.

INCOME.

Coal freights $594,000

Passengers 110,000

Miscellaneous freight 142,000

Total income 8846,000

DISBURSEMENTS.

Interest paid and due $148,000

Operating expenses 413,000

Total disbursements $561,000

Making profit $285,000

Operating expenses, 49 per cent. Passengers, number carried 132,000

Xone injured up to November 15.

498

ADVERTISEMENTS.

1845. THE OLDEST. 1873.

THE MOST SIMPLE.

THE MOST RELIABLE. THE MOST DURABLE.

THE LATEST IMPROVED.

THE CHEAPEST,

|Beeause the very Best in the World.

Ili6 Ellas Hows

^^^^™oe^^^^^

This Medallion is embedded in every genuine

HOWE SEWING MACHINE.

indicatoH how the public appr.'ciiit'^ tlu'in. "luuki. i.iua

Tlio Howe Machine Coinpuny-a Factory, at Bridgeport. Coun., is the lar-est and best

ciinnfft^?;;? ^;;s!;;:;^,^;;'s '" ""' '""''- "^ "^^" ^-^^^ - -» ^' >- '"

JB^^-Kvi-r.v IMiu-liine is wununtid |Hrn.,t.

Eviry liouai'kopppi- shoulil ahviivs hiiTO one r.-njy for service.

§hc gone ^Jnclnnc ^o.

CHAS. F. HALL, Manager,

97 South High Street,

COLUMBUS RAILROADS. 499

Increase of business over 1871 §297, 000

Increase of profit over 1871 128,000

The status of the road, January 1, 1873, will be about;

Capital stock $1,150 000

First-mortgage bonds 1,500 000

Second mortgage, set aside for branch and sold 750 000

Total invested in road $3,400 000

The road, with sidings and branches, is about an even hundred miles in length. It has extensive depot grounds at Columbus, with the necessary improvements now being constructed ; it has nine miles of new steel rails, which will be the only rail here- after laid ; it has ample depots all along the line, and bridges, as iron bridges are replacing the wooden ones ; and it is in all re- sjiects a first-class, well-constructed railroad. Yet, with its twenty engines, nine passenger cars, 800 coal cars, and 135 freight cars, its equipment is not sufficient to do the business offered. The want of coal cars is a constant source of annoyance and loss to the road and the coal-operators. This is being remedied, however, as fast as cars can be built. The road is greatly aided at this time by some of the coal-opcrutors and by other railroad companies, by placing coal cars on the road, to be run for a mileage. The whole number of coal cars now upon the road is about 2,000, which, if placed in one train, would reach from Columbus nearly to Winchester.

To the present time the per centum of oj^erating expenses has been under fifty, and the evidence is palpable that when the road is fully equipped, with double-track steel rails, the easy curves, low grades, and low rate of speed will reduce the per centum to as low a figure as any other coal road in the country ; will so increase the business as to place it in the front rank of reliable dividend-paying roads, and make it an immense prop- erty of vital importance to Columbus. The demand for coal from distant points has created a large, growing through busi- ness. Chicago, Detroit, Indianapolis, Cleveland, Sandusky, and Toledo are taking large quantities. The quality of both Hock- ing and Straitsville coal warrants a long haul, when competing with coal from many other mines.

The best paying basiness for the road, and for our own city, is the Columbus market. The least amount of equipment and haul will place the price of coal at such figure as to make Columbus a jjoint second to none in Ohio or the West for the economical manufacture of everything in which coal and iron

500 ADVERTISEMENTS.

E. HATES, M. HATES, E. K. HATES,

SiiperjntendeDt. Trr-asurer. Sicri-tarj'.

The Hayes Carriage Company,

MANTrPAOTUEEES OF

CURTIS' PATENT LOOP AND COUPLING

ff riag©i ami liffff lei

FACTORY AND SALESROOM :

CARPENTER BLOCE,

No. 109 East Town Street,

COLUMBUS, OHIO.

COLUMBUS RAILROADS. 501

aro important elements. A train can make daily round-trips to the coal-fields from Columbus, Avliile it requires five cars to do the work of one in the Chicago trade, and a correspond- ing less number in the trade to nearer points.

The value of our city as a mannfacturing center is now about being appreciated, as is testified by the blast-furnaces, rolling- mills, iron-works, and establishments of a kindred nature, now running, building, or projected. Columbus is the distributing point for supplies to the entire scope of country, tributary to the Hocking Valley. For the iron and coal received, she should return manufactured articles, produced here, and all dry goods, groceries, and like supplies should be sent from the houses of our wholesale merchants. The interests of the road and our city are reciprocal. To double-track the road will double the manufactures of the city ; and to double the manufactures of the city will double-track the road, and make it a property of five million dollars.

The road is decidedly a home enterprise, projected, built, and owned by those living on the line. The larger part of its stock is now owned, and nearly one-third of its bonds held, by our own citizens. The funds expended in operating it are dis- bursed among ourselves, and the shops for repairs are located in our own city. The policy of the board of directors is to operate the road in the interests of Columbus, and to encourage home enterprise by such fair discrimination in favor of our city as will be just. The fact that the duty devolving upon the board of directors is simply the management of their own and their neighbors' property', is sufficient guaranty that such management will be careful, economical, and at all times con- ducive to the prosperity and growth of our city.

The board of directors are : Benjamin B. Smith, Wm. Den- nison, "VV. G. Deshler, W. B. Brooks, Theodore Comstock, John L. Gill, Isaac Bberly, John Greenleaf, C. P. L. Butler, M. M. Greene, all residents of Columbus ; John D. Martin, of Lancas- ter ; C. H. Hippey, of Logan, and S. W. Pickering, of Athens.

The company's officers, who all reside in Columbus, are : Ben- jamin B. Smith, president; M. M. Greene, vice-president; J. J. Janney, secretary and treasurer; T. J. Janney, auditor; John W. Doherty, superintendent ; "W. H. Jennings, engineer ; B. A. Buell, general ticket agent.

The following statistics of this company are taken from the last report of the state railroad commissioner :

"Total amount of cajjital stock authorized, $1,500,000; total amount of same paid in, 11,113,170; length of line, 76 miles; Straitsville Branch, 13 miles, making the total length, 89 miles; number of locomotives, 16 ; passenger cars, 9 ; freight and other

502 ADVERTISEMENTS.

Tlie New Inmroyed Family Favorite aM tlie Mannfactnrers' Faycrite,

WEED

Sewing Machines,

COXSTEUCTED ON

NEW AND SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES, ftRE THE BEST WADE.

Always on hand a full line of the best Sewing Ma- chine Findings, such as Needles, Oil, and Thread and Attachments for all kinds of Sewing Machines;

ALSO, KNITTING MACHINES.

Machines sold on easy Terms, Instrnction Given, and

SATISFACTION GUARANTEED. ODD FELLOWS' TEMPLE,

1 68 South High Street, Columbus, O.

E. D. HOUSE, Manager

OKEAT INDUCEMENT)* TO AGENTS.

COLUMBUS RAILROADS.

503

cars, 786 ; freight cars owned bj' other parties and used by the company, 469 ; total number of persons employed, 417 ; average rate of speed for express cars, 26 miles per hour ; of mail cars, 20 miles ; of freight cars, 10 miles; average rates for passenger transportation, 3 cents per mile; average rate of transportation of coal per ton per mile. If cents ; amount of coal transported during the year, 433,936 tons ; total earnings of the road for the year, §682,195.12 ; total expenses of same, 8308,662.39 ; net earnings for the year, $373,532.73."

THE COLUMBUS AND FERRARA RAILROAD.

This is probably the most important to this city and county of the railroads projected and yet to be built to and from Columbus as a central point. Its general object is to open, in a southeasterly direction ft-om this city, a communication by rail to Somerset and the coal and mineral fields of Perry county. Several routes have been suggested, examined, and discussed, all, however, having the same general purpose in view. While the great advantages that would result from the construction of the Scioto Valley railroad were admitted on all hands, this mineral road to Perry county was chiefly instrumental in producing the large majority vote in this city, given on the 31st of August last, in favor of the appropriation for building the trunk and branch line from the Union depot. This Ferrara road will not only give us ac- cess to apparently inexhaustible coal-fields, but as stops have been taken in Perry and Morgan counties, by the vote of large sums of money, to continue the road through those counties to the Muskingum river, it will open up a route in that direction fi-om Columbus to Marietta and the Ohio river.

The great reason why this Ferrara road should and will be built is, that a new coal-road to this city is becoming an abso- lute necessity. One road, the Hocking Valley, even if it should have a double track, as is contemplated and expected, can not supply the increasing demand. Already the coal-carrying roads in oijeration from Columbus are distributing that mineral faster than it can be supplied. Other roads of the same character are about starting into existence, as the Mt. Vernon, the Toledo, and others. To Toledo, the prospect is that we may soon have two roads to supply the towns along each of the routes with coal. One of these may be built under the auspices of the Hocking Valley, and the other under the wing of the Bee Line. At all events, there will shortly be at least one new road in the direc- tion of Toledo, and one that will require a large amount of coal for distribution to the North and Northwest.

The Hocking Valley road has been a successful and prosper- ous enterprise; it is already beginning to make large dividends

504 ADVERTISEMENTS.

FENCING.

MAHTIN KfiUMW,

254 South Foiirtli St., Columbus, Ohio.

WROUGHT IRON FENCING.

The Best, Cheapest, and Neatest ever made.

Warranted to stand in good order for almost any length of time.

COLUMBUS RAILROADS. 505

to its stockholders for their investments, l^ot only so, but it has contributed immensely to the growth and prosj^erity of our city. Por these things, and for the ability and sagacity with which the company has managed its affairs, it deserves high commendation.

But, notwithstanding all this, it is necessary for the interests of our citizens, and for the future development of Columbus, as a great manufecturing and trade-center, that no single road or company should have an exclusive monopoly in the transporta- tion of mineral products, on which those interests and that man- ufacturing and trade must depend for existence. Even if one road could do all the business required in bringing coal and ores to this point, it would be unsafe to suffer it to enjoy a mo- nopoly of the business. But the Hocking Vallej^ manifestly can not supply the demand. Besides, the new projected mineral road will not come in direct competition with the Hocking Valley road. It will p)enetrate the great coal and mineral field in an- other direction, and draw its supplies from another quarter of that field. Both roads will have plenty of woi'k to make them both profitable ; for with an increasing sujjply, we may rely upon it there will come an increasing demand.

The certificate of incorporation of the Columbus, Ferrara and Mineral Railway Company was filed in the office of the secretary of state, August 22, 1871. Capital stock, $500,000.

Oppicers. — The officers of the company are: B. T. Mithoff, president ; E. C. Hoffman, vice-president ; James Watson, sec- retary; A. C. Hanes, treasurer; John B. Gregory, chief engi- neer ; executive committee, Henry Miller, John G-. Mitchell, and T. Ewing Miller ; directors, E. T. Mithoff, Henry Miller, William Monypeny, Thomas Miller, E. C. Hoffman, Z. Vesey, and A. C. Dorsey, all of whom are citizens of Columbus.

The Location op the Eoad. — The Columbus and Ferrara railroad is to be connected with the Union dejjot in this city, pass thence on the east side of the city, cross the National Eoad east of the Front Street railroad stables, and run thence, by way of Basil and Baltimore, in Fairfield county, to Ferrara, in Perry county, the center of the great coal- vein. The company are confident in the exjjectation of having the road in running order in the year 1873.

The new railroad will cross Alum creek one-third of a mile south of the National Road, or between that road and Livingston avenue, crossing the lay of ground the most eligible in the neighborhood for manufacturing purposes. Land in that vicin- ity, suitable for such purposes, may at j^resent be purchased at a very fair average rate considering its prospective increase in value. Holders of property in that section are offering lands

506

ADVERTISEMENTS.

J. A. EOBEY & CO.

makufactuPlErs and dealers in

ITALIAN AND AMERICAN

Att©(t^

SCOTCH GRANITE, AND

Brown Stone Monuments,

NO. 177 NORTH HIGH STREET,

Near the Depot.

COLUMBUS, O.

All, kinds of j3uilding Work done.

COLUMBUS RAILROADS. 507

gi'atis for the purpose of erecting manufacturing establishments thereon. The company intend building, at the crossing of the National Eoad, a local passenger and freight depot.

THE SCIOTO VALLEY AND COLXJMBTIS AND FERRARA RAILROADS.

Under the act passed April 23, 1872, commonly known as the "Boesel law," authorizing counties, cities, villages, and townships to build railroads, and to lease and operate the same, James G. Bull, mayor of Columbus, at the written request of more than one hundred tax-paying electors of the city, issued, July 12, 1872, a notice to the voters of the city, to the effect that a special election would be held.^on the 31st of August next en- suing, to decide whether the city of Columbus would appropriate two hundred thousand dollars for the construction of a railroad from the Union depot, in the city, in a southeastern direction, to an eligible point on the National Road, east of and not exceeding one-third of a mile from the Friend Street railroad stables, thence southerly to an eligible point in and near the center of the north boundary line of Hamilton township, forming thus a commence- ment for the projected Scioto Yalley railroad ; and, also, for the construction of a branch road, commencing at a point on the line of said railroad, about one-third of a mile south of the National Eoad, thence in an easterly direction and parallel to said road across Alum creek to its east bank, about one-third of a mile south of the National Eoad, so as to form a beginning for the contemplated Columbus and Ferrara railroad to the coal and iron mines in Perry county.

The Vote. — The special election was held accordingly on Sat- urday, August 31, 1872, and resulted in the large majority of 3,777, out of a total vote of 4,701, in favor of issuing city bonds to the amount of §200,000 for building Jthe trunk road and branch described in the foregoing notice by Mayor Bull. The vote by wards was as follows :

Yes. No. Totiil.

First Ward 313 41 354

Second Ward 296 37 333

Third Ward 301 27 328

Fourth Ward 596 16 612

Fifth Ward 416 18 434

Sixth Ward 452 40 492

Seventh Ward 389 60 449

Eighth Ward 710 40 750

Ninth Ward 264 90 354

Tenth Ward 379 71 450

Eleventh Ward 123 22 145

Total 4,239 462 4,701

508

ADVERTISEMENTS.

:. wmtmmT

Mmihtf

IVo. i9 East Town Street,

coiiTMBrs, ouio.

Tcith Extr;utid willioul ruin, l._v tin- uso vf Nitrous OxiJe.

COLUMBUS RAILROADS. 609

The Letting. — The question of the appropriation of funds having been thus decided, the major, September 28, 1872. issued a notice for sealed proposals to be received at the olfice of the city clerk until ]N"ovember 28, 1872. for building'said trunk road and branch on a line to be selected by the mayor and citj' council, the contractor or contractors to give bonds to the acceptance ot the mayor and council.

THE COLL'MBUS AND SCIOTO VALLEY RAILROAD.

The general purpose of the projectors and friends of this road is to construct a railroad southwardly from Columbus down the fertile valley of the Scioto to Portsmouth, or some other point on the Ohio river, by way of Cireleville, Chillicothe. and Waverlj-. It will pass through the following counties, whose jiroductions of corn and wheat, in 1870, were as follows :

Bii. Corn. Bu. Wheat.

Franklin county 2,051,000 257,000

Pickaway county 2,764,000 333,000

Eo.ss county 2,044,000 345,000

Pike couutV 819,000 74,000

Scioto county 731,000 71,000

Total , 9,008,000 1,090,000

A large portion of this road will bo built by municij)al sub- scriptions under the "Boesel law." Several large subscriptions of this character were voted la.st summer. One of these was voted by Pioss county, sufficient to construct the road-bed and bridges through that county. Portsmouth and Scioto county, by a vote of four to one, decided in favor of raising 8300,000 by tax for building the road through that county. "\Taverly, the county seat of Pike county, by a vote of five or six to one, declared in favor of subscribing the requisite amount to build the road through that county. Thus the road was secured to the south line of Pickaway county, leaving its construction through that county and Hamilton townshijD, in Franklin county, to be pro- vided for.

By the building of the Scioto Valley road, and also of the Columbus, McArthur and Gallipolis road, Columbus will gain direct connection with that great trunk-line, the Chesapeake and Ohio road, and access to the mineral and agricultural wealth it will tap, as well as to the Atlantic seaboard by a shorter route than any other now in operation. Referring to the Chesapeake road, the Chicago Eailway Review says in a re- cent number;

" As the new great trunk-line approaches completion to the

510 ADVERTISEMENTS.

PAUL & THRALL,

Mercantile Job Printers,

Opposite Jfew city Hall, COtViMBlS, OHIO.

Special Attention given to the Finer Gbades of

Commercial Job Printing.

ALSO, AGENTS FOR CENTRAL OHIO FOR THE EASTER STEAM ENGINE,

Di'signod for busincsB rpqulring light power, tit Moderate Expense.

SIMPLE, SAFE, AND DURABLE.

SEND FOB PRICE LISTS AND TESTIMOXIAI,S.

COLDMBOS RAILROADS. 511

Ohio, Chicago, St. Louis, Cincinnati, and the leading towns in the Southwest, including a population of ten millions of pro- ducing people, are competing to form running arrangements with it. In Europe caiDitalists are investigating, through agents in this country, the unexamjiled resources in the iron, coal, timber, salt, and agricultural products of Yirginia and West Virginia. Virginia has been long and favorably known to the leading capitalists of Europe. A large proportion of the old State debt is held in Europe. The advance in the market prices of the coal, iron, and agricultural lands of West Vir- ginia since the road began work has been sufficient to pay for the cost of building the road twice over. New industries are springing into life and activity along the line ; and at its west- ern terminus on the Ohio river, the new city of Huntingdon, named after the intelligent and enterprising president of the road, is progressing rapidly."

Two certificates have been filed incorporating comj^anies for the construction of the Columbus and Toledo railroad :

1. The Columbus and Toledo Eailroad Company, incorporated in May, 1872. The corporators are all residents of Columbus. They are M. M. Greene, P. W. Huntington, B. B. Smith, W. G-. Deshler, James A. Wilcox, and John L. Gill. The charter of this company permits it to build its road by either the eastern or western rotite ; and the road, it is generally understood, will be an extension of the Columbus and Hocking Valley road.

2. The Toledo and Columbus Eailroad Comjiany, incorjoorated since the Columbus and Toledo, with a capital of $500,000. The corporators are Harvey P. Piatt, Valentine H. Hitcham, J. C. Lee, Hervey Brown, J. S. Peterson, S. Carlin, Aaron Black- ford, S. L. Broughton, Edwin Reed, Hugh Cargo, William Q. Davis, John Piuthrauflf, and K. T. Backus. This company is or- ganized for constructing a road on what is known as the west- ern route.

THE COLUMBUS AND TOLEDO EAILROAD.

Three routes have been proposed for this contemplated rail- road:

1. The eastern route, from Columbus, through Delaware, Marion, Upper Sandusky, Carey, Fostoria, and Bowling Green, to Toledo.

2. The middle route, from Columbus, through Delaware, thence directly north, through Forest, Findlay, and Bowling Green, to Toledo.

3. The western route, from Columbus, through the cottnties of Franklin, Union, Hardin, Hancock, Wood, and Lucas, to To-

512 ADVERTISEMENTS.

C. H. MITCHAMORE & CO.

WHOLE.'^.VLE AND EET.VIL DE.M.ERS IK

Cigars, Tobaccos, Pipes, and Smokers' Articles,

Ko. 3 SOUTH iriCH ST. COLUJIBrS.

No. 176 NORTH HIGH ST. . . (near depot,) . . COLUMBUS, OHIO.

Tins House has been recently Renovated. Improved, and Refurntslied.

B. E. ALLEW, Dm in ICE^

No. 61 North High Slreet, Columbus, Ohio.

GEQ. m, EEoliiQSW # €0,

IP H O T O O I^. JL IP IT IE I^; S ,

PAESONS' BUILDING, Oor. High k Town Sts., COLUMBUS, 0.

Geo. R. Elliott. S. I . Killuk.

Wm. Steinbaroer. "NV. r. Alprich. a Zartikn'

STEINBARGER, ALDRICH & CO.

MANI'FACTLIR1:;RS ANU WlinLESALE DiALEnS IN

IBOOTS Jk.n^ID SIEIOIBS,

98 XORTH nifiH ST. iSESSIOXS- Bl,OfK.)

MANUFACTURER OF BRICK.

YARD, EAST OF THE EAST GRAVE-YARD, COLUIVIBUS, 0.

CK@wi Sfiiii' Mopsi,

COR. FOURTH & TOWN STS. D. VAN^EVERY, PROPRIETOR.

' Thia llonse luin been entirely refurnisbeii mid refitted. Special ntteutii^i paid to

tlie tnivoling public. Good Stiibliug ftttactied to tbr lloii^e.

THEODORE LEONARD,

MAIVUFACTUKER OF BRICK,

COLUMBUS, OHIO.

COLUMBUS RAILROADS. 513

ledo, touching the towns of Mavysville, Kenton, Findlay, and Bowling Green.

Under the auspices of the Columbus and Toledo and the Hocking Valley Railroad Companies, the eastern and western routes ti-om Columbus to Toledo were surveyed last summer by a corps of civil engineers under Phil. D. Fisher and Jesse R. Straughan. The report of these preliminary surveys has not, at this -WTiting, been j^ublished ; but they are understood to in- dicate that on both routes, as surveyed, there is a good grade throughout, and no serious obstacles will be offered to engineer- ing.

The difference between the two routes as to distance is but slight, and if any, not more than five or six miles, claimed by parties interested to be in favor of their preferred route. The survey of the western route, of which we have the most infor- mation, shows that the grade is nowhere over twenty-six feet, and that only for a short distance. The deepest cut is at Ken- ton, which is on the dividing ridge or "backbone of Ohio."

Of the middle route we have no account of a survey, though it was announced, some months since, that Mr. Townsend, pres- ident of the Bee Line, had stated that he would have an engi- neer put on the route, and that if the road was built on that line, his company would lease their track between Columbus and Delaware to the new company on favorable terms, with perfect freedom in making contracts for through freight and traffic with other roads.

These three several routes have their advantages and disad- vantages, and each has, of course, its strenuous friends and ad- vocates. What is wanted for Columbus and this section of the State is a direct and easy route to Toledo. The towns along the several proposed lines have held meetings in favor of building the road, and have made liberal subscriptions, both private and public, to aid the enterprise.

The importance of this railroad to Columbus, either as an extension of the Hocking Valley road or otherwise, can hardly be overestimated. Our city has direct railroad communication with almost every point of cousec[uence in the State excejat To- ledo and ISTorthwestern Ohio. Columbus is, and is to be, a coal and iron center. It has already two principal roads — the Bee Line and the Mt. Vernon road, now nearlj' completed — for bearing off its coal and other mineral j)roducts.

Tiie Toledo road will make the third great thoroughfare for the distribution of our coal, and so increase that traffic that the necessity of building another road to the coal region in Perry county will become imperative. Both roads will doubtless be soon in operation. Of the new coal-road to Perry county wo

514 ADVERTISEMENTS.

THE lOBTG ESTABI-ISHED HOrSE OF

Are Daily Receiving

ISTE-VT" C3-OOIDS

Consisting of a Large and Varied Assortment of

LUDiK'HiGEITS'EOLDIIMEBICilliDlISS

Coral and Anietbyst Sets ; Diamond, Topaz, Garnet, and Onyx

PiiDgs, Sleeye Baitons, M Stnfls,

In sreat variety; Solid Silver Ware, Silver Plated Ware and

Table Ware ; Opera Glasses ; Gold, Silver,:and Ivory -Headed

Canes ; Gold and Silver Spectacles and Eye Glasses.

Having for years been the Leading Jobbing House in

our line in Central Ohio, and buying all our

goods from the manufacturers direct,

it enables us to offer them at a

LOWER PRICE llian any oilier house in the city can afford.

F. A. (fc L. LESQUEREUX,

69 South High St., Columbus, Ohio.

COLUMBUS RAILROADS. 515

speak in another article. There are men at the head of the To- ledo enterprise who Avill push it through. The only obstacle to be removed is to settle the claims of competing routes. This will be done in the manner most satisfactory to the parties in- terested, compatible with the general public interest.

THE PITTSBURG, CINCINNATI AND ST. LOUIS RAILWAY — PAN-HANDLE

ROUTE.

The Pittsburg, Cincinnati and St. Louis Eailway Company includes in its operations the following railroads : The Pittsburg, Cincinnati and St. Louis Eailway, proper ; the Columbus, Chi- cago and Indiana Central Eailway, and the road proper of the Little Miami Eailroad Company and its leased lines.

I. The Pittsburg, Cincinnati, and St. Louis Eailway Company involves three original corporations : The Steubenville and In- diana Eailroad Company, of Ohio ; the Pittsburg and Steuben- ville Eailroad Company (more recently the Pan-handle Eail- way Company), of Pennsylvania, and the Holiday's Cove Eail- road Company, of Virginia and West Virginia.

The Steubenville and Indiana Eailroad.— This company was chartered by the State of Ohio, February 24, 1848, and con- structed its road from Steubenville to JS"ewark, 117 miles, and the Cadiz branch, in Harrison county, 7-| miles. On a fore- closure of mortgages for the sale of the road, it was placed, Sep- tember 2, 1859, in the hands of a receiver, who operated it un- der the orders of the court. The receiver, October 1, 1864, on behalf of the company, purchased the undivided half of the road of the Central Ohio Eailroad Company, lying between Newark and Columbus, 33 miles, thus making a total length of 157^ miles.

The Pittsburg and Steubenville Eailroad. — This company was chartered by the State of Pennsylvania, March 24, 1849. The road, in an unfinished state, was leased, September 30, 1857, to the Western Transportation Company of Pennsylvania, who constructed the road from Pittsburg to the boundary line be- tween Virginia (now West Virginia) and Pennsylvania, in the direction of Steubenville — thirty-six miles. The road was sold March 6, 1867, and the purchasers organized a new company, for its operation, under the name of the Pan-handle Eailroad Company.

The Holiday's Cove Eailroad. — This company, chartered by the State of Virginia, March 30, 1860, constructed a road across the narrow neck or section of (now West) Virginia, known as the "Pan Handle," connecting with the road of the Pan-handle Company on the east, and, in connection with the

516 ADVERTISEMENTS.

John T. Jones,

UPHOLiSTlSRBR,

And Dealer in Xeir and Second ITand

FURNITURE,

WITH (? (RICES TO SUIT THE TIMES.

Goods Delivered free of Charge to all parts of the City.

No. 118 Korth Hioii Street,

COLUMBUS, OHIO.

COLUMBUS RAILROADS. 517

Steubenville bridge across the Ohio, with the Steubenville and Indiana railroad on the west, being seven miles in length.

Consolidation. — The Steubenville and Indiana, the Pan- handle, and the Holiday's Cove Eailroad Companies were con- solidated May 11, 1868, under the name of the Pittsburg, Cin- cinnati and St. Louis Eailway Company, the roads forming a continuous lino from Columbus to Pittsburg, 193 miles, 157-|- of which lies in Ohio, with the Cadiz branch, 7i miles in length. Of the main line, 33 miles, between Columbus and ISTewark, is owned in common with the Central Ohio Eailroad Company.

II. The Columbus, Chicago and Indiana Central Railway Company involves numerous original corporations in Ohio, Indiana, 9,nd Illinois, and results from several consolidations. Its history begins with — ■

The Columbus, Piqua and Indiana Eailroad. — The company with this title was chartered by the Ohio legislature, February 23, 1849, and constructed its road from Columbus to Union City, on the "western state line. The company becoming embarrassed, it was re-organized under the name of the Columbus and Indianapolis Eailroad Company. The road having been sold August 6, 1863, to trustees, under an order of court, was sub- sequently transferred by deed to the reorganized company.

The Eichmond and Covington Eailroad. — This company was incorporated March 12, 1862, under the laws of Ohio, and constructed its road from Covington, Ohio, connecting with the Columbus and Indianapolis railroad, to a point on the western line of the State, toward Eichmond, Indiana. It was sold, Sep- tember 5, 1864, to the Columbus and Indianapolis Eailroad Company.

Consolidations. — The Columbus- and Indianapolis Eailroad Company, of Ohio, and the Indiana Central Eailway Company, of Indiana, were consolidated October 17, 1864, under the name of the Columbus and Indianapolis Central Eailway Company. The latter company, September 10, 1867, was consolidated with the Toledo, Logansport and Burlington Eailway Company, and the Union and Logansi^ort Eailroad Company, both of Indiana, under the name of the Columbus and Indiana Central Eailway Company, and this new organization was, on the 12th of Feb- ruary, 1868, consolidated with the (fourth) Chicago and Great Eastern Eailroad Company, taking the name of the Columbus, Chicago and Indiana Central Eailway, extending from Columbus, Ohio, to Chicago ; from Bradford Junction, Ohio, to Indianapolis ; from Eichmond, Indiana, to Logansfiort; and from Logansport to the western line of Indiana, in all .582 miles. Of this 136 9-10 miles lies in Ohio, extending from Columbus to Union City, on the State line between Ohio and Indiana, 116 3-10 miles, and

518

ADVERTISEME^'TS.

0". T. HZOLUVCES,

57i South High St., Columbus, O.

T^MMU-:, PARKEE & CO*j

^^mm

196 North High St., Columbus, O.

4

MANTTFACTUEEE OF

OFFICE AND WORKS, SOUTHEAST CORNER SPRING AND WATER,

COLUMBUS, O.

COLUMBUS RAILROADS. 519

from Bradford Junction to a point on the State line toward Eichmond, 20 6-10 miles.

Lease. — The Columbus, Chicago and Indiana Central Eail- way Company, February 1, 1869, leased its entire railway and appurtenances for the term of ninety -nine years, renewable for- ever, to the Pittsburg, Cincinnati and St. Louis Eailway Com- pany.

III. The Little Miami Eailroad,and leased lines, includes lines of road built under four different charters.

The Little Miami and the Columbus and Xenia Eailroads. — The Little Miami Company obtained a charter March 11,1836, and the Columbus and Xenia Company, March 12, 1844. The two companies entered, November 30, 1853, into a contract of union or partnership, by which the roads of both were operated as one line. The two companies leased, January 1, 1865, the Dayton and Western railroad (from Dayton to the State line), and the interest of that company in the Eichmond and Miami railway from the State line to Eichmond, Indiana, and pur- chased February 4, 1865, the Dayton, Xenia and Belpre rail- road, from Xenia to Dayton. The union or partnership was dissolved November 30, 1868, and a conti-act of lease entered into, by which the Little Miami Comjjany leased for ninety-nine years the Columbus and Xenia road, and the rights and interests of that company in the Dayton and Western ; Dayton, Xenia and Belpre ; and the Eichmond and Miami railroads ; making the Little Miami railroad and its leased lines include the following: The Little Miami road from Cincinnati to Springfield, 84 miles, with a branch from Xenia to Dayton, 15 miles ; the Columbus and Xenia road, from Columbus to Xenia, 55 miles ; the Dayton and Western road, from Dayton to a point on the western State line toward Eichmond, Indiana, 37-| miles ; and the Eichmond and Miami road, from that point on the State line to Eichmond, In- diana, 3-| miles ; in all 196 miles, of which all but 3^ is in Ohio.

The Lease of the Little Miami. — The Little Miami Eail- road Company, December 1, 1869, leased its railroad and its rights and interests in all the foregoing roads to the Pittsburg, Cincinnati and St. Louis Eailway Company, for ninety-nine years, renewable forever.

The following statements as to the characteristics and opera- tions of the Pittsburg, Cincinnati and St. Louis Eailway, are taken from the Ohio railroad commissioner's report for the year ending June 30, 1871 :

Capital Stock. — Amount paid : common, $2,500,000 ; pre- ferred, $2,924,350 ; total amount of stock, $5,424, 350, equal to the amount of capital stock authorized.

Length of Entire Line. — Main line: P. C. & St. L., 193

520 ADVERTISEMENTS.

R. G. AAAARNER,

Successor to Dr. Fowler,

33 ES T^ ■!■ I S ■!■ ,

116J South High Street, Columbus, O.

OfTice Hours: 8 a. m. to 5 p. m.

SHIRT MANUFACTORY.

Establisbed lu 1866.

HALLWICK'S CURVED YOKE SHIRT;

Al80, the Diamond, Star, Shoulder Seam, Sack, Etc.

Orders will receive prompt attention, and SatiBfaction Guaranteed. Patterns cut by Eule, with printed instrnctions.

0. M. ANDREWS, Prop'r. 18 Opera House, up Stairs, Columbus.

Kilbourne^ Jones & Go.

125 South High Street,

Hardware

PAINTS, OILS, AND VARNISHES.

PRVCTICAL

Lithogvaiihcr^ Engrat'er, and Printer,

BAXK BITILDIXO,

Corner High and State Sts., Columbus, Ohio.

COLUMBUS RAILROADS. 521

miles; Little Miami, 119^; C. C. & I. C, 582; making a main line of 8941 miles. Branches ; P. C. & St. L., 7A miles ; Little Miami, 76i; total branches, 84 miles. Total length of main line and branches, 978i miles, of which 453 9-10 miles are in Ohio. The total number of persons employed in operating the road in Ohio is 3,056.

Speed of Trains. — The average rate of speed of express pas- senger trains is 30 miles per hour, including stops ; of mail and accommodation trains, 24, and of freight trains, 10 miles per hour.

Earnings. — The total earnings for the year ending June 30, 1871, -were 38,914,907.01 ; the total operating expenses, being 70^ per cent, of earnings, were §6,328,274.11, leaving for net earn- ings, §2,616,632.90.

The names and residences of the officers of the company are as follows: Thomas A. Scott, president, Philadelphia; Wm. Thaw, vice-president, Pittsburg; J. IST. McCuUough, general manager, Pittsburg ; Thomas D. Messier, comptroller, Pittsburg ; John E. Davidson, auditor, Pittsburg ; M. C. Spencer, treasurer, Pittsburg; "W. H. Barnes, secretary, Steubenville ; J. D. Laying, assistant general manager, Pittsburg ; "W. G-. Brownson, Denni- son, Ohio ; J. D. Ellison, Cincinnati, and D. "VV. Caldwell, Colum- bus, superintendents ; M. J. Becker, engineer, Steubenville ; P. R. Myers, general ticket agent, Pittsburg ; Wm. Stewart, gen- eral fi-eight agent, Pittsburg.

The following statistics of the Pittsburg, Cincinnati and St. Louis Eailway Company are copied from the last report of the state railroad commissioner :

'• Amount of capital stock authorized, $8,924,350 ; amount of same paid in, S2, 508, 100 ; amount of preferred stock, 12,925,450; total length of the entire length of line, 978i miles ; number of locomotives, 307 ; passenger cars, 128 ; freight cars, 4,089 ; total number of persons employed in Ohio, 3,421 ; average rate of speed for express trains, 30 miles per hour ; of mail and accom- modation trains, 29 miles; of freight trains, 10 miles; total earnings of the road during the year, 89,802,815.20 ; total operating expenses, §7,701,501.80 ; net earnings for the year, §2,101,313.32."

THE CLEVELAND, COLUMBUS, CINCINNATI AND INDIANAPOLIS RAIL- WAT, AND SPRINGFIELD BRANCH—" BEE LINE."

The company of the same name with this line of road em- braces four original corjjorations and lines as follows:

The Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati Eailroad. — The company for building this road was first chartered March 14, 1836 ; but the charter having become dormant by non-user, the

522

ADVERTISEMENTS.

Importers of

And ^Xannfacturers of

Brown Stone, MarWe MonnmeDts, TaWets, Slabs, Etc. 65 North High Street, Columbus, Ohio.

GLEI\I\ & HEIDE,

PEACTICAL

Aiicl I'libliwhers of

T4|£ COiUMBUS l^/^2£TT£,

A Woctly Locil aad Family Paper, at $1.E0 a year.

All varieties of I>rliiliii;; exoeiileal prouiplly niid reasonably, niitl in llie I'iuesl Slj le of llie Art.

Rear of Odd Fellows' Building,

Columbus, Ohio.

COLUMBUS RAILROADS. 523

act was revived and amended March 12, 1845. The road was located and constructed from Columbus to Cleveland, 138 miles. The company purchased, as hereafter stated, part of the Spring- field. Mt. Vernon and Pittsburg road, now known as the Spring- field Branch.

The Springfield and Mansfield Eailroad. — Company char- tered March 21, 1850, with authority to build a road from Spring- field to Mansfield. Permission was afterward granted by an amendatory act to change the eastern terminus of the road. The name of the company was changed, August, 1852, by decree of court, to the Springfield, Mt. Yornon and Pittsburg Eailroad Com- pany. "When the road had boon nearly completed from Spring- field to Delaware, 50 miles, the company became insolvent, and the road was sold at judicial sale, January 1, 1861, to individuals, who, a year afterward, conveyed it to the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati Company.

The Bellefontaine and Indiana Eailroad. — Company char- tered by act of the Ohio legislature, February 25, 1848. Under this charter and its amendments, the road was built from Galion to Union City, on the Ohio and Indiana boundary line, 119 miles.

The Indianapolis and Bellefontaine Eailroad. — Company chartered under an Indiana law, February 17, 1848. Eoad con- structed from Union City, on the State line, where it connects with the Bellefontaine and Indiana Eailroad of Ohio, to Indian- apolis. The name of the company was changed, December 19, 1854, to the Indianapolis, Pittsburg and Cleveland Eailroad Company.

Consolidations. — The Bellefontaine and Indiana, and the In- dianapolis, Pittsburg and Cleveland roads, after having been by agreement operated jointly for about eight years, were, Decem- ber 20, 18G4, completed and consolidated, the two comjjanies taking the name of the Bellefontaine Eailway Company. This company, May 16, 1868, became consolidated with the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati Eailroad Company, under the name of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati and Indianapolis Eail- way Company, having the following line of road: From Cleve- land to Columbus, 138 miles ; from Gabon to Indianapolis, 203 ; and from Sj^ringfield to Delaware (Springfield Branch), 50 miles ; giving a total length of 391 miles, of which 307 are in Ohio.

This line is popularly known as the "Bee Line."

The company's officers, who all reside in Cleveland, are the following: Oscar Townsend, president; H. B. Ilurlburt, vice- president Geo. H. Eussell, secretarj^ and treasurer; Alfred Ely, auditor; B. S. Flint, general superintendent; Frank Ford, on-

524 ADVERTISEMENTS.

ROBERT A. GAWL.ER,

Miinufacturer of and Dealer In

Muman Hair Qoods

OF EVEKY nESCRIPTIOX.

CASH (PAm FO^ HUMAJ^ HAM.

j'j East Town St. Columbus, Ohio.

FmST J^ATIOJ^AL <BAJ^K OF COLUM(BUS. Capital. = = ,^^00,000.

p. AMTJOS, Prpsidoiit. TIIEO. P. GORDON, Oishior

JVo. 106 S. Higli Street^ Columbus.

PHILIP J. KROIIER9

Dealer in all kinds of

STOVES,

CORNER FOURTH AND MOUND STREETS. COMMISSION

Dealer in all Ivinds of

WORKED FLOORING, LUMBER. LATH AND SHINGLES.

120 North High Street, Columbus, O.

COLUMBUS RAILROADS. 525

gineer ; S. P. Pierson, general ticket agent ; Lucieii Hills, gen- eral freight agent.

The following statistics of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincin- nati and Indianapolis Eailway Company are gathered from the last report of the state railroad commissioner :

"Amount of capital stock authorized, §15,000,000; amount of same paid in, 813,833,534.06; total length of line, 391 miles; number of locomotives, 126 ; number of passenger cars, 63; ex- press and freight cars, 3,252 ; sleeping cars, 7 ; total number of persons employed, 2,325 ; average rate of express trains, 30 miles per hour; of mail cars, 22 miles ; of freight cars, 10 miles ; gen- eral average rate for transportation of passengers, 3 cents per mile ; for transportation of freight, 1 55-100 cents per ton per mile ; total earnings for the year, 84,353,695.67 ; total operating expenses for the year, §3,170,307.25 ; net earnings of the year, 11,183,388.42."

THE COLUMBUS, SPRINGFIELD AND CINCINNATI RAILROAD.

The history of the company owning this road begins with the charter of the Columbus and Springfield Eailroad Company, February 16, 1849, under which a road was built from Spring- field to London, 20 miles. This road was leased, Juno 1, 1854, to the Mad Eiver and Lake Erie, now the Cincinnati, Cleveland and Lake Erie Eailroad Company, for fifteen years. The road and property were sold, May 8, 1868, under a decree of the United States District Court, to Jacob 'W. Pierce, of Boston, for 3100,000. The Columbus, Springfield and Cincinnati Eailroad ' Company was incorporated May 1, 1869, with a capital stock of §1,500,000, and on the 4th of September following, Mr. Pierce transferred his purchase, by deed, to the new company. By an arrangement with the purchaser, the road was continued under the roanagement of the Cincinnati, Sanduskj- and Cleveland Eailroad Company, to which it was permanently leased July 1, 1870. It has been since completed, and is now in operation from Springfield to Columbus, 45 miles.

C NCINNATI, SANDUSKY AND CLEVELAND RAILROAD.

This company was incorporated by special charter as the Mad Eiver and Lake Erie Eailroad Company, for building a road from Dayton, through Tiffin, via Bellevue, to Sandusky. After the road was built, the company became dissatisfied with the line from TiflSn to Sandusky via Bellevue, and abandoned it. Meeting with obstacles to the change of line, the parties in- terested, under the act incorporating the Sanduskj^ City and Jndiana Eailroad Company, built the new line from Tiffin, via

526

ADVERTISEMENTS.

Established 1880.

J. E. HUBfSIIiL. & CO.

DEALERS IN

Mmtb,€mf^

79 South High Street, Columbus, 0.

Established 1862.

T. W. TALLMADGE'S

Office: 69 High Street, First Stairway Nortli of American Hotel, Columbus, Ohio.

/»

210 South High Street, CHRISTIAN SCHAAB, Proprietor. COLUMBUS, OHIO.

This House h.is been recently Renovated and Improved. Good Stablino- attached to the Premises.

3^/S:. IF'^^^SZCSr,

ManufiK'turor iiinl Dealer in

60 NORTH HIGH STREET, Opposite Senter House.

W. €. M. HAMEK & CO.

DEALERS IN

'"IE " •

ittY ciiociKi:

173 Sou h Fourt I Street, cor. Rich, Columbus, 0.

COLUMBUS RAILROADS. 527

Clyde, to Sandusky, and leased it to the Mad Eiver and Lake Erie Eailroad Company virtually in perpetuity.

The company has jjassed through many financial embarrass- ments ; the road has been once sold, and the company reorgan- ized, its name changed, etc. The company leased, March 25, 1871, that portion of its line, 25 miles in length, between Dayton and Springfield, to the Cincinnati and Springfield Short Line Eailroad Company, which took possession April 1, 1872. The Cincinnati, Sandusky and Cleveland company has now a main line from Sandusky to Springfield, 130 2-10 miles; a branch road from Carey to Findlay, 15 5-10 miles; and the Columbus, Springfield and Cincinnati road, from Columbus to Springfield, 45 miles, making an aggregate line of 190 7-10 miles.

THE CLEVELAND, MT. VERNON AND COLUMBUS RAILROAD.

A portion of the line of the company owning this road, formerly belonged to the Cleveland, Zanesville and Cincinnati Eailroad Company, which had its origin under an act passed February 19, 1851, authorizing the construction of a railroad from Hudson, through Cuyahoga Falls and Akron, to Wooster, or some other point on the Ohio and Pennsylvania Eailroad, between Massillon and Wooster, to connect with the same and any other railroad running in the direction of Columbus, and provided that such road should be known as the Akron Branch of the Cleveland and Pittsburg Eailroad Company. A company was organized under this act by the name of the Akron Branch of the Cleveland and Pittsburg Eailroad Company, and con- structed the road from Hudson to Millersburg.

The name was changed by order of court, March 17, 1853, to the Cleveland, Zanesville and Cincinnati Eailroad Company. The company becoming financially embarrassed, the road, prop- erty, and franchises were, by order of court, sold, November 2, 1864, to George W. Cass and John J. Marvin, who, on the 1st of July, 1865, sold their purchase to the Pittsburg, Fort Wayne and Chicago Eailway Comj^any, by whom the road was owned and operated, until leased, with that company's main road, July 1, 1869, to the Pennsylvania Eailroad Company.

The Pittsburg, Mt. Vernon, Columbus and London Eailroad Company was oi-ganized May 11, 1869, and on the 1st of No- vember following, purchased so much of the old unfinished road, right of way, etc., of the Spi-ingfield, Mt. Vernon and Pittsburg railroad, as lies east of Delaware, and extending through Mt. Vernon, in the direction of Millersburg, 43 miles in length. The same company purchased, November 4, 1868, the entire Cleveland, Zanesville, and Cincinnati road, before known as the "Akron Branch," extending from Hudson to the coal-mines

528 ADVERTISEMENTS.

OPERA HOUSE MUSIC STORE.

G, A. Haverfteld & Co.

Whole6.\le and Kftail Dealers in

PIANOS, ORGANS,

MUSICAL MEEOHANDISE, SHEET MUSIC, MUSIC BOOKS, Etc.

General Agents for the

Best Pianos and Organs made in this country.

A Clioice Stock of the Best lUakes of Pianos aii<l Org^ans Constantly on hand.

Send for our Price Lists and Circulars, \vilh iniportant informa- tion about Pianos and Organs, "which niay save pur- chasers from, disappointment in purchase of inferior or -v\'orlhless instruments, or paying of high prices.

AN@S TyNED AMD REPABRED.

G. A. Haverlield & Go.

COLUMBUS, OHIO.

COLUMBUS RAILROADS. 529

southwest of Millersburg, 45 miles, and obtained an assignment of a lease of the Massillon and Cleveland road, from Slassillon to Clinton, 13 miles, giving to the comjiany 78 miles of railroad built and equij)ped.

The name of the company was changed by decree of court, December 20, 1869, to the Cleveland, Mt. Vernon and Delaware Railroad Company.

THE COLUMBUS AND MATSVILLE RAILROAD.

This is one of the recently projected railroads centering in Columbus, whose importance has not been j-et dulj- appreciated. It is, however, steadily gaining public recognition and favor. Its value to our city should not be overlooked. At ila^ysville, connec- tion can be made with the Maysville and Lexington road, and at or near Lexington, with the Cincinnati SoutheTn through line, giving Columbus a direct trade with Knoxville, Chattanooga, Atlanta, and the entire Southern and Southeastern seaboard.

It would thus open to our manufacturers the almost inex- haustible iron mines in the Chattanooga country, and place us considerably nearer to these than to the great mineral deposits of Missouri, now one of the main sources of supply. Besides, the road and connecting lines would afford a fine market for our agricultural products, and make the road advantageous to the farming interests in the countries through which it would pass. It could be made the great through route to the Gulf, and one of the best paying enterprises now contemplated.

The recent status of the Columbus and Maysville railroad was this; Bonds appropriated by Brown county, ^173,000; bonds appropriated by Darby township, Pickaway county, ^32,000 ; stock subscribed by Pleasant township, Madison county, §32,000 ; total appropriations, §237,000 ; to which are to be added S150,000 from the townships in Fayette county, through which the road is to pass. The enterprise, say its friends, is delayed, but will yet be accomplished.

COLUMBUS, MCARTHUR AND GALLIPOLIS RAILROAD.

This projected railroad is to be constructed from Gallipolis on a direct route to McArthur, Yinton county, and thence to Logan, Hocking county, where a connection is to be made with the Hock- ing Yalley road to Columbus. Nearh' the whole length of the line passes through a field of inexhaustibly rich coal and iron deposits, and a quality of stone almost equal to conglomerate marble.

Some months ago, a great jjortion of the road between Gal- lipolis and McArthur had been put under contract, and work

530 ADVERTISEMENTS.

THE

Colmtas d EoEkisg Talbj B. E. Co.

Office: i96>{ North High Street.

B. E. SMITH, President.

M. M. GREENE, Vice-President.

J. W. DOHERTY, Superintendent.

J. J. JANNEY, Secretary and Treasurer.

T. J. JANNEY, Auditor and Paymaster.

E. A. BUELL, Gen'l Freight and Ticket Agent.

W. H. JENNINGS, Engineer.

H. S. WALLACE, Master Mechanic.

TICKET OFFICE, UNION DEPOT.

^OUTH ^IDE JVIOUND SxREET, WeST OF THE CaNAL,

COMMERCIAL INSTITUTIONS. 531

upon it was steadily progressing. The township in which Gal- lipolis is situated, had voted an appropriation of 880,000 to build that end of the road. Elk township, in which McArthur is located, had also voted an appropriation of $25,000 for build- ing the road through that townshij). It was stated that the only remaining need to assure the construction of the road, was the means to build it between McArthur and Logan, and the prospect was that the president and directors would be able to supply this want speedily.

It is of great importance to the business and interests of Co- lumbus, that this road should be built and equipped as soon as possible. The paramount object in its construction is to pene- trate the great coal and iron veins in Vinton and Jackson coun- ties, and at the same time form a connection with the Chesapeake and Ohio road, at or near Gallipolis, on the Ohio river. This latter object is of no small moment to the future progress of Columbus, as it will open up a direct communication, by a shorter route than any other yet devised, through the rich agri- cultural, lumber, and mineral regions of West Virginia and Virginia to the Atlantic seaboard.

THE COLUMBUS AND NORTHWESTERN RAILWAY.

On the 20th of June, 1872, there was filed in the office of the secretary of state a certificate of incorporation for the Columbus and jSTorthwestern Eailway Compiany, organized to construct a road from Columbus to a point on the line between Ohio and Michigan, in "Williams county, passing through Franklin, Union, Logan, Hardin, Auglaize, Allen, Putnam, Defiance, and "Williams counties. The capital stock is four million dollars, in shares of fifty dollars. Corporators ; Charles M. Hughes, Iforman Tucker, J. J. E. Hughes, S. A. Baxter, Jr., Calvin B. Brice, J. B. Eoberts, Theo. Mayo, and D. Sandford.

CHAPTEE XIX. COMMERCIAL INSTITUTIONS.

Columbus Board of Trade. — On the 6th of November, 1872, the following communication appeared in the Journal and Senti- nel of this city :

"Many of our citizens have signed a call for a public meeting at the Board of Trade room in the City Hall building, for the purpose of organi- zing an association such as "was contemplated in the construction of that apartment. Such associations have been found in other cities of great advantage in the advancement of their general interest, as well as of pri- vate enterprise.

532 ADVERTISEMENTS.

It is noticeable that while the Singer is one of the oldest, its sales lead the list of all the others for the past year, in the aggre- gate returns, as also in the recent report of the Special Relief Committee of Chicago, where every applicant designated the kind of Machine desired, and where of 2,944 whiehjthe Committee had provided, 2,427 v^ere Singer Machines. — jVt-ry 2'ori National Standard.

r>, S. OOIT, Ag^ont, lt>-i Soutli Hig-li Street.

&eW9EE S BMmMTg

Successors to A. E. Davis, dealers in

liilmery Goods, Bibbons, Silks, Laces, Feathers,

FLOWERS, VELVETS, STRAW GOODS, ETC. il ionfto mgh St., Sontli of Post Office.

F. HALILiSY «£ SON^

TLUM^EfRS AJ^O) <BELL H A J^l G E <R S , N. W. COR. TOWN AND THIRD STS., COLUMBITS, OHIO.

Have on hand, and will furnish Lend Pipe and Sheet Lead, Water-Closets, Baths, "Wasli Bowls. Force and Lift Pumps, Cis- tern Pumps of every Variety, Hydrants, Street Washers, Kuhber Hnse, Coupliiigs. Also, Ale and Beer Pumps, Brass and Silver-Plattd Cocks in every Variety, and of the most substantial patterns. Repaiiing Done on KoasonaUle Terms. All work AVarranted. Ord.rs Promptly attended to.

Allows Interest on Savings Deposits, negotiates Loans, buys Exchange, sells Drafts, payable

in Currency or GuKi, on all the principal cities of this country, England, Ireland,

(urmany, etc.; makes Collections, and docs a general Banking Business.

COMMERCIAL INSTITUTIONS. 533

" Columbus is so situated as to be the natural outlet by railroad of one of the greatest coal-flelds of the world — one that abounds also in iron and other minerals. Our city has railroad connections with all parts of the country equal to any, and superior to many other inland towns. It has men of capital and enterprise wlio compare favorably with those of their class in the more thriving business centers of the country.

"Our facilities for manufacturing are nut surpassed anywhere. Riglit at our door, as it were, and coming to us on its way fur cousuuiptioQ and dis- tribution, is that article of prime necessity — coal. Vacant lands in the immediate vicinity of the city, well adapted to manufacturing purposes, can now be bought at one-third or one-fourth the prices they will bring four or five years hence, even if we advance no faster in the next than during our last decade.

'■The things thus briefly alluded to are hut a few of our great manufac- turing and commercial advantages. By availing ourselves of these in duo time, while on a progressive career, our city will speedily become great, rich, and prosperous. Neglecting these, she will soon begin to retrograde, and be outstripped in the race by her more enterprising rivals. An organ- ization is needed to do by united action, in a few years, what the isolated efforts of individuals, however enterprising, can never accomplish.

" The almost superhuman efforts for our advancement made within a few years past, and now making by some of our citizens should be encouraged and aided by all the power and energy at the command of the entire com- munity. This can only be done by a proper organization — a board of trade — of which our manufacturers, merchants, bankers, business men, pro- fessional men, and other citizens should become members and assist in the general advancement of all our interests, public and private.

" It is to be hoped that the call made will be promptly responded to, and that there will be a large meeting in the Board of Trade room, at half-past seven o'clock to-morrow evening. It will be an important meeting, as the initiatory steps will be taken, on which the success of the proposed organ- ization will depend.

'■ The best and ablest men we have should be selected for officers and members of committees. There is no lack of such men in Columbus. We have plenty of them; their names might be mentioned, but it would be only a few among the many, from whom selections could be made for officers and for members of the committees on manufactures, railways, transporta- tion, law, taxation, membership, weights and measures, insurance, public improvements, finance, etc.

" As the primary object of a board of trade is to collect, record, and dif- fuse special, as well as general statistical and reliable information respect- ing manufacturing, commercial, and financial interests, and especially to guard, foster, and develop manufacturing and other industrial resources, let there be a full attendance at the meeting on to-morrow evening of all such as desire to see an efficient board of trade in Columbus, and are disposed to assist in its formation. J. H. S."

The initials appended to the foregoing article are those of the publisher of this work. The subject was agitated in the city- papers and in business circles, and the demand soon became urgent for a public meeting to take the preliminary steps for organizing a board of trade.

The call for a meeting at the Board of Trade rooms, in the City Hall building, on Saturday evening, JS'ovember 9, 1872, for the purpose of taking the preliminary steps for the organization

534 ^^VERTISEMENTS.

70 North High Street,

Between Gaj and Long Streets. COLTJIM BXJ^, O.

Special attention paiii to all kinds of Cn^toni Work.

Locksmith and Bell-Haiig'er,

SpeaHng Tubes Put Up and Sewing Machines Eepaired. 117 SOUTH HIGH STREET,

Between State and Town Streets, COLXJ3IBXJS, O.

Orders from a distance solicited and promptly attended to.

BI^J^IILT^^I^ID HI. HZO^VvTE],

IMPORTER AND JOBBER OF

Chromos and Kngravings^

MANUFACTURER AND FURNISHER OF

GrapJloscopeSf Steyeoscopra, and Phciogrnpherf,* Jit-qtiisilcs of ercrtf

description. Puhlisher of yitoiograpjiic J*ortraitK and

Stfrfosfopic Views.

6 East Broadv/ay, Columbus, Ohio.

21 South High Street, Columbus, O.

Side rropriotor and rublisber of Baker's I.abor-SaviDg System of Accounts requinniZ tut

one-third the labor of Houble Entry Sets of Books, hvit furnishing more safeguards,

with m(ue satisfactory results, and givin. a daily balance of the standing

of tho tirm each day. Also, Sole Proprietor of

BAKER'S INSTRITCTION BOOK, which will ho ready for delivery Juno 1, IST.I.

COMMERCIAL INSTITUTIONS. 535

of a board of trade, was numerously signed by the leading firms and business men of the cit3^ As a matter of record in the history of Columbus, we give the names of the signers to the call :

B. E. .Smith, J. tt. Mitchell, T. Ewing Miller, A. D. Rodgers, John C. English, W. B. Brooks, P. C. Sessions, L. Donaldson, P. \V. Huntington, \V. G. Deshler, W. B. Hayden, Charles Amhos, Osborn, Kershaw & Co., Keinhard & Co., Freeman, Slaley & Co., Wm. J. McComb. N. Merion, Jus. Gunderslieimer, John Joyce, Isaac Eberly & Co., J. J. Person, Van- degritf & Webster, James G. Pulling, Steinbalger, Aldricli & Co., H. C. Filler, John L. Gill, John T. Blain, Nevins & Myers, Columbus Paper Company, L. Williams, John TJ. Eickenbacher, Ernst J. W. Sohueller, K. C. Hoffman, Hubbard & Jones, D. F. Suydam, Wm. Monypeny, E. B. Armstrong & Co., Smith & Co., J. E. Stone, O. G. Peters & Co., J. H. Davidson, Homer C. Lewis, W. R. Kent, M. C. Lilley & Co., Charles C. AValcHtt, Wm. Fairchild, T. AV. Tallmadge, W. A. McCoy, C. J. Hardy, J. H. Outhwaite, Theodore Jasper, H. S.Lynn, Tress & Harrington, Hoster & Sons, J. F. Harris & Co., N. Schlee, Born & Co., J. M.Hale & Co., P. Pieser, Randall, Aston & Co., Wm. Dennison, J. Reinhard, S. S. Eiekly, Otto Dresel, J. R. Flowers, W. W. Bliss, W. S. Wilson, G. W. Gleason, A. G. Parker, Siebert & Lilley, Charles Hueston, Paul & Thrall, Brown & Dunn, L. A. Bowers, Kilbourne, Jones & Co., Henry C. Noble, Walstein Failing, Gilchrist, Gray & Co., Hayden & Baker, George Gere, T. Lough, Ohio Furniture Company, B. Main, Walter C. Brown, Wm. Taylor, B. F. Stage, Jonas Pletsch, Zettler & Ryan, L. E. Wilson, Charles Kemmerle, C. C. Smith, Brooks, Walker & Co., P. Ambos, John T. Harris, A. C. Hanes, E. D. House, H. J. Jewett, George M. Peters, Clinton D. Firestone, J. Cable, S. E. Samuel, Braun & Bruck, James A. Robey, J. & G. Butler, Wm. H. Gaver, A. C. Greenleaf, C. Siebert, W. K. Deshler, J. M.Stuart, Jan:es M. Westwater, W. G. Perks, P. D. Clark, C P. L. Butler, W. B. Hawkes, A. W. Francisco, Comly & Smith, A. S. Buttcrfield, Theo. H. Butler, E. C. Hull, P. Gale, J. A. JefFrev, Sentinel Printing Company, O. A. B. Senter, C. T. Pfaff, J. M. Tibbetts,"St. Clair & Scott, Dispatch Print- ing Company, E. J. Blount, George W. Sinks, Y. Anderson, Jacobs Brothers, Symnies E. Brown, E. K. Stewart, W. A. Mahony & Co., J. P. Linton, E. A. Pitch, John Jacobs, E. G. Graham, James Fulton, Leonard L.Smith, Wm. B. Thrall, Reed, Jones & Co., Gill & Gager, J. G. Maier & Son, H. Mithoff & Co., Columbus Cabinet Company, Wm. Garretson & Co., Patterson, Burt & Co., George J. Eodetjfels, John M. Pugh, G. S. Innis, Carpenter Brothers, Lorenzo English, John G. Reinhard, D. McAl- lister, P. Michel, J. W. Chapin, J. J. Rickly, J. Pettrey, M. Daugherty, Mart Krumm, P. Bliele, M. Halm, Jacob H. Studer.

Pursuant to the call a very large meeting was held in the room in the City Hall building, set apart by the city council, on the motion of Luther Donaldson, for the use of a board of trade. At the time designated in the call, the meeting was called to order by Jacob H. Studer, on whose motion John L. Gill, the oldest and the largest manufacturer in Columbus, was made temporary chairman ; Jacob H. Studer acted as tem- porary secretary.

The following prominent business men were apj)ointed to draft a certificate of incorporation, a constitution, and by-laws :

536

ADVEETISEMENTS.

RANBALL & ASTOH,

PuBLisut-ES, AND Wholesale and Retail

BOOKSELLERS ilB if if lOillS

100 SOI ffIS HSGH STREET, < Olil MBT S, OHIO.

■WE MAKE SPECIALTIES OF

B0023 Paper Hangings for your Homes, (iffices, Stores, Churches, and San-

day-School Booms.

FRESCO OECORATtVE PAPERS,

uit*' as pre-tt}' as the genuine frt-sco, more Jarfible. find at one-third the cost.

S JISrXD-^"!r-S'^T3-COX. BOOICS

Ani requisites, at New York, Philadel- phia, and Cincinnati Prices.

SATIXG FEEIGBTS TO PUBCHASERS.

BEAKK BOOKS

OV HANn AND MADE TO ORDEE..

Pir-TURES OF ALL KINDS.

Picture Frames and lioldingrs.

FriniHS made to order. Wiudow Cornices in all styles.

L di ' Fine Stationery: Wedding Cards, at Eastern Prices.

\nj mything you need to make your homos attractive, may be

found in our Store.

^^^g, FINE BR QNZE STATUAR Y,

I "iPOKRs' rri-rriiiATED groups;

66

EgjpU Siiisii, aiad the Holy L<and ;"

Our Mr. Randall's Travels in the East.

,000 copies hfive been sold, and a new edition will soon be issued. Tliis Work sells as rapidly now as it did when first published, and everybody should read it. Send orders to

RANDALL & ASTON.

COMMERCIAL INSTITUTIONS. 537

Messrs. David W. Brooks, S. S. Eickly, T. Ewing Miller, C. P. L. Butler, and R. 0. Hoffman.

By request, ex-Governor Dennison delivered a masterly ex tempore sj^eech on the great advantages Columbus would derive from a "well-organized and efficient board of trade in developing her vast resources and assisting in her onward progress toward greatness, wealth, and prosperity. The address was listened to with marked attention and deep interest.

At the conclusion of Governor Dennison's remarks, the com- mittee having that subject in charge produced a certificate of incorporation which embodied the following:

The objects of said association are to promote integrity and good faith, just and equitable principles of business; to discover and arrest abuses; to establish and maintain uniformity in commercial usages; to acquire, pre- serve, and disseminate valuable business statistics and information ; to prevent or adjust controversies and misunderstandings which may arise between persons engaged in trade, and generally to foster, protect, and ad- vance the commercial, mercantile, and manufacturing interests of the city, in conformity with an act of the gimeral assembly ot" the State of Onio, entitled, "An act to authorize the incorporation of boards of trade and chambers of commerce," passed April 3, A. D. 1866.

On motion of 0. P. L. Butler, it was decided that the initia- tion fee of each individual member should be ten dollars, and of each corporation or firm represented in the association should be fifteen dollars.

The committee on constitution and by-laws were, on motion of Governor Dennison, instructed to insert in the by-laws a provis- ion prohibiting the organization from contracting one dollar of debt for any jjuriaose whatever.

The meeting then adjourned, to reassemble at 7-J- o'clock on the following Thursday evening.

At the adjourned meeting on Thursday evening, November 14, on motion of the acting temporary secretary, T. Ewing Miller, representing the largest mercantile firm in the city, was called to the chair. Mr. Brooks, from the committee on that subject, reported a constitution, which was amended and adopted. The committee also reported by-laws, which were subsequently amended and adopted.

A committee, consisting of Messrs. B. S. Brown, W. G. Desh- ler, E. C. Hoffman, Alexander Huston, D. W. Brooks, and E. T. Mithoff, was appointed to nominate candidates for officers of the board. The meeting adjourned to Thursday evening, jSTovem- ber 21, when the committee made the following report: For president, John L. Gill; vice-presidents, T. Ewing Miller, Theo- dore Comstock, B. L. Hinman, D. S. Gray, W. B, Brooks, and H. Mithoff; secretary, H. M. Failing ; treasurer, Joseph Falk- enbach. The report was accepted and the nominations con- firmed.

538 ADVERTISEMENTS.

Sign, Banner, and Scenic Artist,

LOCATED IN THE NEW ATHENSUM, COLUMEUS, 0.

To parties in provincial to'nns it is perhaps necessary to mention some of tbe qaaljfications of tbe above ifell-known Artists, but to tbose resident in Columbns and vicinity, a notice of tbis kind wonld be snperflnous, as tbe merits of tbis Artist are vrell knonn to sur- pass all competition in bis line. Professor I^oyd is well knon-n as an Artist, not only in Colambns, and otber portions of tbe State of Obio, bnt throng-boat the country, from the Atlantic to the PaciHc ; his skillful brush has more than once elicited tbe loud- est praise, not only for skill, but for neatness and dispatch. As an Artist, Mr. I^oyd has but few equals, no superiors. As a versatile artist, tiventy-five years' manipulating^ nitb the brush, with what nature has done for him, and nhat he has gleane<l throng-bont bis diversified experience with other skillful artists, proves him to be an Artist of more than ordinary ability, and justly entitles him to the above encomiums; and more, a place in tbe front ranks. Mr. L.oyd, as a Banner Painter, is not to be excelled, and is constantly turning- otf beautiful ilesigrus in that line, such as for Sunday Schools, Political and Secret Org^anizations. Mr. L.oyd also justly prides hinaself that few Artists can excel him in Portraiture, either from life sittings, or from photographs of decease<l parties, taken from life. Mr. r,oyd would prefer to paint from life, bnt where such is not convenient, either from parties being deceased, infirm, or indis- posc<l. Mr, I..oyd will guarantee a faithful portrait from a Photo- graph, by giving color of eyes, hair, etc. M ork in Portraiture is particularly solicited, and in all ca^^es perfect satisfaction g:naran- tccd. Mr. I'Oyd knows no such word as fail,

Conmiunications sent through the Post-Office vs'ill be promptly attended to. Any design given by sending description in writing of what is wanted.

COMMERCIAL INSTITUTIONS. 539

The following are the commitfees of the Board of Trade of Columbus:

On Inspection — Wm. Monypeny, Wm. B. Hayden, Y. Ander- son, W. L. Hughes, Frank Hickox.

On Reference — John Greenleaf, Isaac Eberly, P. "W. Hunt- 'ngton.

On Appeals — David W. Brooks, M. A. Daughorty, J. M. West- water, Theodore H. Butler, L. Hoster.

Floor Committee — George W. Sinks, H. Brown, Charles L. Osborn.

Daily meetings of the Board of Trade were appointed to be held between 11:30 a. m. and 1 p. m. ; the rooms of the board to be open from 7 p. m. till 10 p. m.

BANKING INSTITUTIONS.

The Clinton Bank of Columbus. — This bank was chartered by the Ohio legislature at the session of 1833-34. In October, 1834, the first board of directors was elected, and consisted of "William !Neil, ChristojDher N^eiswanger, David W. Deshlcr, De- mas Adams, John Patterson, Jesse Stone, ISToah H. Swayne, Joseph Eidgway, Bela Latham, William S. Sullivant, William Miner, O. W. Sherwood, and Nathaniel Medbury.

The bank commenced business in IN'ovember following. Wm. ISIeil was the first president of the bank, and John Delafield, Jr., cashier. Mr. N"eil continued president until January, 1846, when he was succeeded by William S. Sullivant, who remained president until the expiration of the charter, in January, 1854. Mr. Delafield was succeeded as cashier, in January, 1838, by John B. Jeffords, who, dying in April, 1842, was succeeded by David W. Deshler. The latter continued to act as cashier until the charter expired. The capital stock of the bank was §300,000. The circulation averaged about $600,000. As capital was scarce in the West at that early day, a large part of the stock was taken and held for many years in ISTew York city, and in Lon- don, England.

Though located in Columbus, the bank did a very large dis- count and deposit business for Central Ohio, the business men therein, keeping bank accounts the same as did Columbus mer- chants. There being at that date but few banks, in the fast- growing " West," the demands for discounts from the States west of Ohio were so great that, for many years, the business of the bank, as to discounts, was much larger beyond than within the limits of the State of Ohio itself

The bank was closely connected with the great stage firm of "]Sreil, Moore & Co.," afterward known as "-The Ohio Stage Company," whose business, in the transportation of passengers

540

ADVERTISEMENTS.

CHARLES HUSTON, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DRUGGIST,

NEXT DOOR TO THE POST OFFICE. l^iiio IiMportetl Cigars a Specialty.

or"

>

o

T. MOSUR£ & SOX,

A'o. 4 J^ost Ojfire J rtat^e. Columbus, Ohio.

W. K I C H E S ,

>F«' 1^0^ ^ Seal En^FaTaF,

95 and 97 South High Street, Columbus, 0.

Views of Uuildings, Mnchineru , and Stoves, lHonogranis, Autographs, Porirai'8, Sea?>, etr. l^nrticufar Attention ijit-en in T^ngrnvinf/s of Machitt - erjjy and all worlc requiring Elahomte detail. Ordrrs by mail i>rom}>tltf att'-itded to, Ft'per Hi adings, C'ttalognc n}id Book Illustrations, linfrd JSnvelopes and Posters, Engravings nmdc /rvin I'hot: gra^ihs, rein:il Slictches, Models, fir. Designs and information given on appUcatioyi by mail or itfheririsr.

\ It. The Cuts for tJiis laorh tcere made bif Riches.

COMMBRCIAI, INSTITUTIONS. 541

and the United States mails, extended throughout the country ■west of the Ohio river, keeping pace with the constant west- ward advance of poiDulation. The connection was one of great profit, both to the banli and the stage company. The bank furnished, timely and cheap, the capital required by the yearly increasing business of the company, and the company afforded a wide field for the circulation of the bank throughout the great area of country traversed by its lines.

Por a long time the bank was the only United States depos- itary, north and west of the Ohio river. It disbursed for the government all moneys used in the construction of the Na- tional Eoad (sometimes called the " Henry Clay Eoad ") west of "Wheeling, and also all funds required for mail service, for the United States courts, and for many of the distant western mili- tary posts. The receipts of many of the western land-oflices were brought to the bank. This being long before the day of railroads and express companies, the handling of government funds (being silver and gold — mostly silver) was laborious and hazardous. It may not bo out of place to note that the public money received at the land-otfice, at the then village of Chicago, was hauled in wagons, under guard, to the bank.

For many years the bank did a large business in the State of Ohio, collecting and disbursing many millions of dollars during times of financial disaster, peculation, and defalcation.

The bank aided greatly in establishing the State Bank of Ohio. For a number of years it owned several of the branches — D. W. Deshler, its president, being at one time president of two branches. During its existence of twenty years, fi-om 1834 to 1854, many financial storms swept over the land, wrecking cor- porations, prostrating business firms, and impairing public credit. When suspicion and doubt pervaded the whole business atmosphere; when what had value to-day was worthless to- morrow ; when protest was hopeless bankruptcy ; when defalca- tion and fraud abounded ; when credit was but a bursting bubble ; in times so full of disaster, it required both nerve and judgment on the part of bank managers to weather the many storms. The Clinton Bank kept on its course ; meeting losses — at times deserted by friends — doubts as to its solvency in the public mind — its stockholders alarmed ; yet its ofiicers, equal to the task, brought it through to the end of its charter. It was one of the very few banks ichich did not suspend specie payments. The bank was of great use to the public, and profitable to its stock- holders. It was succeeded by the " Clinton Bank," a piivate fir hi.

542

ADVERTISEMENTS.

URNAL

Daily, Tri-Weekly, and YjAeekly.

Eslablishctl ISll.

C O M LY & SMITH, Publishers.

JAMES 31. COMIjY, Editor, Coliimbns, O.

TERIVIS OF SUBSCRIPTION.

DAIEX.

Ey Mail, in .\dviiiicc.

One Year S9 OO

Six IVIontlm

Tlirec BlontliB.. One Monlh..

Delivered by IVrrier, per WeL-k... Delivered by Carrier, per Month..

4 50

2 25

SO

ao

90

WEEKEX.

By Jlail, in .\dvance.

§1 50 I Six Months 7.5 Cents.

CLUBS.

In Clubs of Ten SI 25 each. In Clubs of Twenty $1 00 each.

And an e.xtra copy to getter up of Club.

One Year..

To those desiring a paper tri. weekly, the daily will be sent Tuesdays. Thursdays and Satur- days, at the following rates:

One Year S4 30 I Three Months §1 1.5

Six Months 2 ao | One .Mouth 40

The aiiove prices are invariable. Ketuit at our risk, in Iirafts or Post OtBce 3Ioney (.'rders, and where neither of these can be procured, send the money in a Registered Letter.

KATES OF ADVERTISIX«.

D.VILY.

Ordinary Adverti3:ment! psr I«ch. Twelve liaes Katiftrio'. S:i;d maio 12 Iich.

1 (lav S '•>

lifhiVs 2 00

1 week S 50

2 weeks <j 00

\ niouth. 3 months. 1; months. 1 viar

.8 s 00 .. 10 00

.. 24 00 .. 40 00

1 insertion., '2 insertions 1 month

\vei-:kly.

, SI 00 I 3 months..

S i) 00

1 7't I t) months 17 00

;i 00 I 1 year 30 OO

Twenty. two and one.hiiU inches make a CoUnnn.

i^BiKTim'a

Tlie Stciiiu Job Printing: Kstablisliinent oonncctod nitli tlie Obio

$likto Joiiriiiil is Olio of IIbc l>ost n|>t»ointo4l iu the

Stale, aiut is pai-Hi'Ularly iiotoU for its

FiuG Stiow Work, aud Mcrcautile, Eailroafl, auil Comercial friutins.

COMMERCIAL INSTITUTIONS. 54ci

THE STATE BANK OF OHIO.

The State Bank of Ohio, with forty -four branches, and an aggregate capital of ,f J:,500,000, was organized under a general banking law passed by the legislature, February 2-1:, 1845. Soon after the passage of this law, books were o^Dened in Columbus, and the requisite amount of stock subscribed for three new banks, the Exchange and the Franlilin Bank (both branches of the State Banlv), and the City Bank, based upon State stocks. Before the expiration of the charter of the State Bank, May 1, 1866, its branches in this city had been merged in national banks.

The Franklin Bank. — This bank went into operation on the first of July, 1845, as a branch of the State Bank of Ohio. Its capital was §175,000. Its first board of directors were Gus- tavus Swan, Samuel Parsons, George M. Parsons, Wray Thomas, and Thomas Wood. Its first president was Samuel Parsons, and its first cashier, James Espy. In January, 1865, it was merged into the Franklin National Bank of Columbus.

The City Bank. — The City Bank of Columbus went into operation in 1845, under a provision of the general banking law passed in February of that year, which authorized independent banks, with securities in the shape of State stocks, deposited with the treasurer of state. The City Bank was. located in the same building as the Columbus Insurance Company', chartered by the legislature in 1832-33. To a greater extent, the stock- holders in one institution were also stockholders in the other, and so also with the directors of each. As a natural consequence the business of the two became intermixed.

The first president of the bank was Joel Buttles, who con- tinued such till his death, in the summer of 1850. He was suc- ceeded by Eobert W. McCoy, so long president of the city council. Mr. McCoy was president of the bank at the time of his death in January, 1856. Thomas Moodie was cashier pf the bank during its entire existence.

Both the bank and the insurance company at length failed ; the- latter in 1851, and the bank in jSTovember, 1854, when it suspended and closed its doors. The notes of the bank in cir- culation at the time of its failure, being secured by the deposit of State stocks, were ultimately redeemed by the State.

The Exchange Bank. — This bank went into operation on the 24th of May, 1845, as a branch of the State Bank of Ohio. Its capital was §125,000. Its first board of directors were: William B. Hubbard, D. T. Woodbury, Edwards Pierrepont, O. FoUett, and Peter Hayden. William B. Hubbard was its first president, and H. M. Hubbard its first cashier. In December, 1 864, it was merged in the First National Exchange Bank of Columbus.

544 ADVERTISEMENTS.

PROPRIETOR LIVERY, BOARDING, AND SALE STABLES,

West Walnut Alley, rear of Opera House Block, Columbus,- 0.

Special attention given to boarding Horses. Barouches, Carriages, and Buggies, for family and other uses, supplied on short notice.

GRAIN

FORWARDING AND COMMISSION MERCHANTS,

COLUMBUS. OHIO.

J^. CJLI^ILISLE

DE.4LER IN ALL KINDS OF

Office': 112 East Rich Street, Columbus, 0.

^Joseph ©ussdepslaeissaer,

DEALER IN MERCHANT TAILORINGS,

READY-MADE t EOTIIIXJ. A-M> «F>TS H KX.MH>« GOODS.

8i and 83 High Street, Aiiipricnii IloiiN<> ISiiild !■■•;.

t'OLVMBlS. 4»IBIU.

COMMERCIAL INSTITUTIONS.

545

THE NATIONAL BASKS.

The war of the rebellion, whatever else it did or failed to do, brought about a revolution in the jiaper circulating medium of the comitry, superseding the notes of banks established by State authority by the notes of national banks established by au- thority of Congress. As in other cities and states, the State banks in this city and state, when the national banking system became fully established, either went out of existence, or were reorganized and went into operation under that system.

First National Exchange Bank op Coltjmbus. — This was the first national bank established in this city. It was organ- ized on the 7th of December, 18G3. Peter Ambos is its presi- dent, and Theodore Gordon its cashier. The directors are Peter Ambos, Wni. Monypeny, E. T. Mithoff, \V. B. Brooks, and D. A. Eandall.

546

ADVERTISEMENTS.

A. B. STEVENSON.

C. F. GLOCK.

ANTONE HUHL.

HOOK 4 eo.

65 and 67 South High Street,

Opposite the State Soase, Ambos Bnilding:,

^VHOLESALE DEALERS IN

^^s/^rs, ^i§h, md §mm.

Connected with our Extensive Rooms, are

FliLllDIES'iDE[NM[N'8[iESTIiyRiTS,

Which are Open Day and Night.

OCe-Mcnls and oil tlio il.liracios of tlio Biason sorvtil at nil li.nirp.

Wi'iUlings, rriviito Vartiis, il,-., at homo or al.roail, supplioil at short notice.

AmlioK ll,ill, on.' of tlio fln.st IhiUs in tlio City, for Dancing or Social Parties, is uccted Willi our House.

COMMERCIAL INSTITUTIONS.

547

The National Exchange Bank of Columbus. — This was the second natioml bank organized in this city. It was <_s tablished in December, 1864. The di rectors are ^Ym. Dennison, Wm. A Piatt, "Wm. B. Hawkes, and James *> Abbott. Wm. G-. Deshler is president C. J. Hardy, cashier; G-eo. W. SinI teller ; Wm. K. Deshler, book-keei ei and John Gr. Deshler, Jr., assistant.

This bank is the only United States de positary in Columbus.

Franklin JSTational Bank op Colum BUS. — This is the third national bank oi ganized in this city. It was establisht in January, 1865. John G. Deshlei i the president ; David Overdier, cashm and C. B. Stewart, teller. The direct is are W. G. Deshler, J. G. Deshler, W Failing, P. W. Huntington, James L Bates, and Eichard Cowling.

ISTational Bank Statistics. — The fcl lowing is a summary of the statistics of I the three national banks of this city :

Their deposits for 1872 amounted toll §12,279,666.60.

The sums discounted during the same period amounted to ?10,700,000.

The aggregate capital of the three banks is $650,000, and their united circulation is §585,000.

pbivate bankeks.

There are in Columbus nine private banking-houses, doing a large and extended business, as the annexed statistics show. In connection with their operations in the line of dejDosit and dis- count, they sell passage tickets to and from foreign countries, buy and sell gold, bonds, and other " gilt-edged " paper. As a general thing, money can be obtained here at as low a rate on good paper as in other cities. The following firms represent the private banking interest and business of this city:

Babtlit & Smith. — This house was established in 1850. Its present proprietors are John P. Bartlet and Benjamin E. Smith. William Person is cashier, and William C. Paxon, teller.

Miller & Donaldson. — This banking-house was established in 1854. John Miller and Luther Donaldson constitute the

548

ADVERTISEMENTS.

Robert W. Linen,

FASHIONABLE

mmkmt MmUt

p

No. 17 South High Street,

Opposite State House, and a few doors north of the Neil House

^eii^MSBi, <i.

COMMEECIAL INSTITUTIONS.

549

firm. The teller is James P. Kelley, and the hook -keeper, L. Donaldson, Jr.

Eickly's Bank. — This house was estahlished in August, 1857, by J. J. and S. S. Eickly. The latter became sole proprietor, April U, 1870. The cashier is Ealph E. Eickly.

The Central Bank. — This house was established in January, 1863. The proprietors are Ide, Bailey & Co. The otHcers are Dr. W. E. Ide, president; N. Sclee, vice-president, and L. C. Bailey, cashier.

P. W. Huntington's Bank. — This house was established Jan- uary 1, 186(3, by P. \V. Huntington and David W. Deshler. On the death of the latter, August 1, 1869, Mr. P. W. Huntington became sole proj)rietor.

P. Hayden & Co. — This banking-house was established in

1867. Its jM-oprietors are Peter Hayden and Wm. D. Hayden. Edward K. Stewart is the cashier, and Eobert C. Hull, general book-keeper.

Eeinhard & Co. — This banking-house was established May 6, •

1868. The proprietors are Jacob Eeinhard, F. Fieser, and Jo- seph Falkenbach. The officers are Jacob Eeinhard, president ; F. Fieser, vice-president ; Joseph Falkenbach, cashier, and John Eeinhard, toller.

Sessions' Block. — This beautiful and imposing building is located on the southeast corner of High and Long streets. It has a frontage on High street of sixty -two and one-half feet, ex-

550

ADVERTISEMENTS.

J. F. CORDRAY,

MANUFACTTJREB OF

lit ttill Mtmtlm

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.

SCRIPT AND MONOGRAM ENGRAVING.

amonds k o%ii ;Jn]ciour) Stones j||ountcd to oi;dcr,

GENUINE AND IMITATION STONES CONSTANTLY ON HAND.

OFFICE. S EAST BROAD ST.

Factory, over Arolior, Ntrnyer &• «'o.

COMMERCIAL INSTITUTIONS. 551

tending back on Long street one hundred and twenty -five feet ; is four stories higli, built of bride, witli Corinthian iron columns and window-cajos. It is a counterpart of Gill's building on the south, making a block 125 by 125 feet, and is generally consid- ered one of the most substantial blocks in the city. It was built in 1868, at a cost of about S40,000. E. T. Brooks was the archi- tect; Wm. Voswinkle, contractor for brick work ; Wm. McDonald & Co., for the iron work, and C.Lawson, for the carpenter work.

The lower stories are fifteen feet high and one hundred, and twenty-five feet deep. The rooms are occupied by the Commer- cial Bank, of which F. C. Sessions, Esq., is president; Symmes E. Brown, dealer in hats, caps, and furs; Vandegriff & Webster, trunk factory ; Thomas Lough, brush factory, and Steinbarger, Aldrich & Co., boot and shoe factory.

Commercial Bank. — This house was established in April, 1869. The proprietors are Sessions, Johnson & Co. The oflicers are F. C. Sessions, president; Orange Johnson, vice-23resident ; J. A. Jeffrey, cashier, and Wm. H. Alberry, teller.

HiNES, Taylor & Co. — This banking-house was established October 1, 1869. The proprietors are O. P. Hines, David Tay- lor, David W. Brooks, and James M. Walker. 0. P. Hines is president.

Statistics op Private Banking. — The capital and deposits in the private banks of Columbus for 1872 amounted to §18,766,030.96. The sums discounted in the same banks during 1872 amounted to §13,199,758.57.

The Clearing-house. — Just before the close of 1872, the banks of the city organized a clearing-house association, in order to avoid the complications attendant on the daily exchange of checks under the former cumbrous system. The officers of the association are T. P. Gordon, president; P. W. Huntington, vice-president; Joseph Falkenbach, George W. Sinks, and Jo- seph A. Jeffrey, managing committee; Henry M. Failing, man- ager. The clearing-house is located at the board of trade rooms in the City Hall. Such institutions have been found highly ad- vantageous to businessmen in other cities ; this will doubtless prove to be so in Columbus. It is one of the good results of the organization of a board of trade in our city.

EOTLDING LOAN ASSOCIATIONS.

There are in this city nine building and loan associations. The object of the organizations is to raise money from members and stockholders, and receive deposits to be loaned among the members and depositors for use in buying lots or houses, or for other purposes.

552

ADVERTISEMENTS.

FREE OF

Call at an}- Drug Store in the United States, and get a sample bottle of Dr. A. Boschee's German SjTup, Free of Charge. It has lately been introduced in this coun- try from Germany, and for any person suffering with a severe cough, heavy cold settled on the breast, consumption, or any disease of the throat and lungs, it has no equal in the world. Our regular size bot- tles, 75 cents. In all cases money will be promptly returned if perfect satisfac- tion is not given. Two doses will relieve any case. Try it. G. G. GEEEX, Pro- prietor of Westeen" Laboratory, No. 8 Gwynne Block, Columbus, O.

FIVE HUlfOe IHOUSAi!

500,000 Bottles of Green's August Flower

Have been sold in this State in threemonths. TN'e only askyou to go to any Drug Store iii the United States and get a Bottle

OR A REGULAR SIZE AT 75 CENTS.

Every Bottle warranted to cnre I>j-spepsia or liver Complaint, Siek

Headiielio, CoNllveness, Heartburn. \»aterbrasli. Sour Stoniacli,

luiliseHtiou, Impure Blood, and all diseases caused by

liupure Blood or deranged Stoiuaeb and tiver.

Try it, ov ijet a Descriptive Circular.

G, G. GREEN, Proprietor of Western Laboratory,

No. S O WYNNE BLOCK, COLUMBUS, O.

COMMERCIAL INSTITUTIONS. 553

Franklin Building and Loan Association. — Incorporated September 18, 1868, with a capital stock of S200,000, with priv- ilege to increase to $500,000, in shares of S200 each.

Incorporators : J. J. Janney, R. Burr, D. Jay Thompson, John Eeeves, John H. Grove, John F. Bartlit, and Justin Morrison.

Home Building and Loan Association. — Incorj)orated in 1868. Capital stock $500, 000, in shares of $200 each.

Officers and directors for 1873 : Wm. B. Hayden, president ; L. E. Wilson, secretary; J. Falkenbach, treasurer; John Gr. Mitchell, solicitor; Charles Broyfogle, W. H. H. Shinn, A. D. Eodgcrs, and T. Ewing Miller.

Capital Building and Loan Association. — Incorporated in 1868. Capital stock §500,000, in shares of $200 each.

Officers and directors for 1873: M. C. Lilly, president; L. B. Wilson, secretary; J. Falkenbach, treasurer; John G. Mitchell, solicitor ; W. H. H. Shinn, Charles Breyfogle, Jacob Peetrey, and T. J. Janney.

Clinton Building and Loan Association.— Incorporated May 1, 1869, with a capital stock of $200,000, in shares of $1,000 each.

Incorporators : W. G. Deshler, C. J. Hardy, J. W. Sinks, E. Wentworth, and M. B. Brazee.

Columbus Building and Loan Association. — Incorporated March 4, 1870, with a capital stock of $500,000, in shares of $200 each.

Incorporators ; Charles C. Walcutt, S. S. Eickly, Conrad Born, Sen., M. Halm, Thomas Eobinson, and Henry O'Kane.

The association was organized November 13, 1872.

Officers and directors for 1873 : Charles C. Walcutt, president ; Thomas Eobinson, vice-president ; Ealph E. Eickly, secretary and treasurer; Conrad Born, Sen., and Henry O'lianc.

Columbus Eeal Estate and Building Loan Association. — Incorporated February 16, 1871.

Incorporators ; Wm. Jamison, W. M. Mansfield, Thomas Mil- ler, M. Haveland, E. C. Hoffman, W. A. Burt, J. F. Huffman, E. H. Gardner, and Wm. J. Lacey.

Organized for business May 1, 1871. The capital stock is $500,000, in shares of $200 each.

Officers and directors for 1873: W. H. Akin, president; W. L. Jamison, secretary; Wm. Jamison, treasurer; E. C. Hoffman, solicitor ; W. E. Ide, Thomas Miller, A. C. Hanes, E. T. Mithoff, Wm. J. Lacey, and ISToah Bowcn.

Germania Building and Loan Association. — Incorporated July 10, 1871, with a capital stock of $500,000, in shares of $200.

Incorporators : Joseph Falkenbach, Henry Lindenberg, Ernst J. W. Scluioller, W, Saile, Fred. Kriimm, and J. H. Heitman.

554

ADVERTISEMENTS,

J. EEINHARD.

F. FEISF.R.

ii

DER WESTBOTE,"

Published Weekly and Semi-Weekly, by

RKII^HARB & FHISKR,

JVo. ISO \ South Sigh Street^ COLUMBUS, O.

^erttts of ffeeJtlg, $2.00 per ^nnum, in ^dintfcii,

Tlie " Westbote," having a vers' extensive circulation throughout the Western States, is an excellent advertising medium for business men generally.

AVill be executed with neatness and dispatch, in both German and English languages.

. |. IcHnmnn, |.||.H.

SI SOUTH HIGH STREET

%i-mm/:^^j, (y.

COMMERCIAL INSTITUTIONS. 555

Officers and directors for 1S73: H. Mithoff, president; C. Sie- bert, vice-president; J. B. jST. Guessbacker, secretary ; Ernst J. W. Scbueller, treasurer ; J. H. Heitman, solicitor ; W. Saile, T. C. Ptatf, William Schabe, J. Bleile, G. P. SchroU, C. Syuold, and J. Janton.

Savings Building and Loan Association. — Incorporated in 1873, with a capital stock of $500,000, in shares of 8200 each.

Incorporators ; J. A. Jetfrey, Wm. Barton, G. G. Collins, L. "Williams, J. R. Hughes, Josejjh Guitner, Augustin Converse, John J. Loop, and A. C. Hanes.

Citizens' Buildinc^ and Loan Association. — Incorporated January 28, 1873, Tvith a capital stock of §500,000, in siiares of $200 each.

Incorporatoi-s : James Watson, C. Breyfogle, "W. H. H. Shinn, T. Leonard, A. D. Eogers, John G. Mitchell, and G. G. Collins.

Teutonia Building and Loan Association. — Incorporated February 11, 1873, "svith a capital stock of 8500,000, in shares of §200 each.

Incorporators : Conrad Born, Thomas Koch, John A. Single, Ernst Grissel, George Beitz, Frank Thone, and John Freeh.

FIKE INSURANCE BUSINESS.

The first insiu-ance business of -which vre can find record was done about 1822, by David AY. Deshler, as agent of " The Instiraiice Company of jVorth America of Philadelphia." Mr. Deshler was a justice of the peace, and had his office on Broad street, just west of High. His agency was profitable to the company, as he was quite conservative in his ideas of takinu- fire risks. He was one of the projectors and founders of the " Columbus Itisurance Company," which was incorporated in 1833. Directors ; Wm, Neil, president ; D. W. Deshler, sec- retary; Jesse Stone, N. Medbery, C. Neiswanger, Bela Latham, Demas Adams, Wm. S. Sullivant, jSToah H. Swayne, John Pat- terson, William Miner, Jos. Eidgway, and M. IS'orthrop. Cap- ital stock, §300,000. After doing business a short time, there arose a diversity of opinion in the board of directors, as to the policy of establishing agencies and the vrriting of hazardous risks. The conservatives sold out their stock and withdrew from the company, which then established agencies and largely extended its business. The company met with large losses through its agencies at Kew York, St. Louis, Milwaukee, and DetroTt. The company was closely connected in business with the City Bank of Columbus. The bank, for a long time, gave it such aid as was required by its necessities, consequent upon its many and large losses. The company struggled on for a time, but finally w'jis compelled to yield and disastrously failed, carrying down with it the City Bank, in 1854.

556

ADVERTISEMENTS.

JOS. L. HALL,

I'resideitt and Treas.

O. Y. CONE,

Ticc-JPres't and Sfc'ij,

HALL'S SAFE AND LOCK GO

lanufacturers of Hall's Patent

^'' m

i

VAULT WORK.

182 SUPERIOR^ rifVniHn U82 superior

Cincinnati, Boston, St. Louis, Louisville, and New York, Chicago. Pittsburgh, San Francisco.

COMMERCIAL INSTITUTIONS. 557

This was a blow so severe that the business of fire insurance, for many years thereafter, was done in Columbus by the agencies of eastern com]ianies.

In 1S64, the Home, Cajiital City, Franklin, and Central Insur- ance Companies were organized. Three of the companies, the Capital City, Franklin, and Central, did a joint business for some years, having separate boards of directors, with the same agents. The stock of the three companies was gradually concentrated into the same hands. The stockholders thinking it more eco- nomical to carry on the business as one company, voted to con- solidate the three companies; and, in accordance therewith, in April, 1872, the Capital City and Central were merged into the Franklin, and its capital stock increased to 8300,000, full ^Jaid in cash. The cash assets of the Home Insurance Company, Janu- ary, 1873, were 8800,733.76. The policy of our home insurance companies is, and always has been, to decline hazardous busi- ness. The business of the companies has been profitable. Their list of stockholders embraces our most successful and reliable business men and capitalists.

Franklin Insurance Company. — Officers and directors : John Greenleaf, president ; "W. B. Hawkes, vice-president ; Allen G. Thurman, B. E. Smith, Wm. G. Deshler, F. C. Sessions, Isaac Eberly, J. P. Bruck, P. W. Huntington, E. Barcus, W. C. Brown, Henry O'Kane, secretary and treasurer; Zelotes Wood, man- ager; and S. ]M. Sliedd, solicitor.

HoME'lNsrRANCE CoMPANT. — Officers and directors: M. A. Daughertv, president; E. T. Mithofl', C. P. L. Butler, Henry Miller, Samuel Galloway, B. E. Smith, Jno. G. Mitchell. B. S. Brown, Francis Collins, Jared Sperry, Joseph Black, Henry Jones, J. Warren Keifer, Charles Follett, S. W. Pickering, Jacob Peetrey, secretary ; and J. W. Chapin, agent.

The Eailroad Conductors' Life Insurance Company op the United States and the Canadas. — Organized in October, 1868, at Cincinnati, by the railroad conductors — passenger and freight — of the United" States and the Canadas. The whole number of certificates of membership issued to January 1, 1873, is 5,420 ; present number of members in good standing, 3,500.

It is a mutual association. At the death or total or permanent disability, each member in good standing is assessed one dollar, to be paid to the heirs of th"e deceased, or to the part,y disabled. The sum of S-ISO.OOO had been assessed, collected, and paid, up to Janimry 1, 1873. This is a large sum of money for an organi- zation in existence only four j-ears.

The office of the association is in this city.

Officers for 1873: James Marshall, president; J. G. Cormick,

558 ADVERTISEMENTS.

THK OrSTL^^ EXCLUSIVE

mt iiifiiiti wii ifi.

ParticLihir attention g-iven to tlic manufacture of

T. P. WHITE, . . 91 SOUTH HIGH STREET.

J3g5= All the Novelties of the Season received as soon as out.

STI?.OBI?.inDC3-E &c CO. COR. FOURTH AND RACE STS., CINCINNATI,

AIVO PVBLI§>HERS OF €HRO>IO§. ETC.

Show Cards, Bonds, Diplomas, Maps, Portraits. Certificates o

Stock, Drafts, Bill and Letter Heads, Cards, etc., executed

in the best manner.

AUCTION AND COMMISSION MERCHANT,

Xortlicast I'or. Town and Fourtia Sts., Colnnibns, Otiio.

JD:H.. _^. O. BLJ^II^, HOMEOPATHIC PHYSICIi^IT.

Office and Residence, opp. the Town Street Methodist Church.

M. L^IsO,

Dealer in. all ikinds of Buildmg Sto33.@.

stone Yard on Fifth St., South of Livingston Avenue, Columbus, 0.

R. C. lir.I.LRlGLE. A. K. TALCOlT.

HELLRIGLE <fc TALCOTT,

PUBLISHERS Of DIRECTORIES, GAZETTEERS & RAILROAD GUIDES.

JSlKiy^ DiicctoriL'S of all tlic rrincipal Cities kept on File t'ov reference.

COMMERCIAt INSTITUTIONS. 550

first vice-president; M. Spain Jay, second vice-president; and Jos. F. Culbertson, secretaiy and treasurer.

Executive Committee: John ^y. Moore, J. IST. Horner, and E. Morrell.

Prudential Life Insurance Company. — Incorporated in January, 1873, with a capital stock of 8200,000, in shares of 8100.

Incorporators : John G. Boren, C. P. L. Butler, E. N. Brown, TV. A. Hershiser, Isaac C. Aston, P. B. Ewing, Frank S. Osborn, John Seltzer, Peter Ambos, Joseph Falkenbach, TV. H. Belville, W. H. Piatt, O. C. Maxwell, A. S. Bates, John C. McKenny, and S. E. Stimson.

THE COLUMBUS STREET RAILROADS.

The Columbus Street Eailroad was the first street railroad constructed in the city, and it is generally known by the name of the Iligh Street railroad. The company to build the road was incorporated in 18G3 ; the road was constructed and went into operation the same year, with a double-track, and continued to use the double-lrack until 18G6. The directors finding the enterprise unprofitable, took up the double-track and laid a single one, with turn-outs, six in number. Its entire length of track, -including turn-outs, switches, etc., is about three niiles. Its rolling-stock, horses, and other personal property is valued at about §80,000. Its value has been very much impaired by the occupation of High street as a switch-yard by the railroad companies.

The present oflicers of the company are Edward T. Jlithofif, president, and Wm. Person, secretarj^ and treasurer.

Friend Street Eailway. — Incorporated April 10, 1868, with a capital stock of $22,000. Corporators : Thos. Miller, M. C. Lilley, H. H. Kimball, Isaac Eberly, E". Merion, and Horace Wilson.

The length of the road is three miles, running east from High, on Friend, to the county fair grounds. The road was con- structed in the summer of 1870, and in the fall of the same year cars commenced running.

Officers and directors -."M. Havilaad, president ; Thomas Miller, acting superintendent; J. McArty, F. Michael, John Joyce, D. C. TYax, and X. Miller.

Fairwood Street Eailroad Company. — Incorporated March 3, 1870, with a capital stock of 8.5,000.

Corporators : B. F. Martin, B. F. Stage, Frederick Michael, M. Haviland, and Samuel Galloway.

This road commences at Eose avenue, connecting with the Friend Street railroad where the latter diverges from the National

560 COMMERCFAL IKSTITUTIONS.

Eoad to the county fair grounds, and runs east along the north side of the National Eoad, about three-fourths of a mile, to a point very near to Alum creek.

The companj' organized by electing as directors B, F. Jlartin, B. F. Stage, Thos. Miller. Michael Haviland, E. C. Hoffman, Frederickilichael, and E. TT. Livingston. The board of direct- ors elected the following officers; B. F. Martin, president; Thos. Miller, vice-president; B. F. Stage, treasurer ; E. W. Livingston, secretary — who still continue in otfice. The road "was constructed in the winter and spring of 187L

East Park Place Street Eailroad Cojipany. — Incorporated in 1870. Capital stock, 825,000.

Corporators : William S. Sullivant. W. B. Hawkes, A. D. Eodgers, S. S. Eickly, F. C. Sessions, and John G. Mitchell.

The length of the road is one and one-fourth miles, running east from High, on Long, to Albert street. It is contemplated to be extended to the county fair grounds. The road was con- sti'ucted in the year 1871, at a cost of -SIS. 000. and ears com- menced running in Janiiary, 1872.

OtHcers and directors ; A. D. Eodgers, president; James Wat- son, secretary; S. S. Eiekly, treasurer ; Wni. E. Ide, John G. Mitchell, W. S. Sullivant, Orange Johnson. William Trevitt, John M. Pugh, and William B. Hayden.

The North CoLrjiBrs Street Eailway Company. — Office, No. 5 Odeon Building. This company was incorporated Sep- tember 12, 1871, by Samuel Doyle, Wm. Dennison. Eudolph Williams, M. M. Green, Henry M. Neil, Wm. Pi-eston Brown, and Joseph Guitner ; but was not organized until November 2, 1872, when the following gentlemen Avere elected directors for 1872-73: Samuel Doyle, president; James Finley Brown, secre- tary and treasurer; Wm. Neil Dennison, E. L. De Witt. 11. M. Neil, Joseph Guitner, George M. Peters, and George Williams. Capital stock, §75,000.

The line of the road is as follows : Beginning on High street, at the west end of Swan street (^on the "line of the High Street railroad, one block north of the Union De]ioC). and" running east on Swan street to Third street, north on Third street to First avenue, east on First avenue to Summit street, north on Summit street to the ]\!iiek road (the north line of the citv lim- its), thence west on the ^loek road and Second street to Monroe street, in the Norlln\ood Heights addition, thenee north on J\Ioir,.>e street to the Cohunlnis Sewer- Pi]ie Worlcs, at North Cohunhus, two hlorks east cf Higli street, extending- three and three-fourth juiles, tlirough elevated and beautilid' suburbs of our city. The grading on the line oi' the road has been completed, at a

COMMERCIAL INSTITUTIONS. 561

cost of about 120,000. The track will be laid with T rails, thirty pounds to the yard. The eqtiipmeiits for the passenger traffic will consist of two of Baxter's steam street-cars, which are noiseless and smoke-consuming. The gauge of the road will be 4 feet Si inches, so as to allow the transportation of freight and coal cars without breaking bulk.

M. S. Doyle, the president of the company, who has the con- tract for the construction of the road, expects to complete and equip the same by the middle of April next.

Estimated cost of construction, $45,000 ; of equipments, 815,000 ; total, 860,000.

Glenwood and Green Laavn Street Eailwat.— Incorpoi-ated April 23, 1872, with a capital stock of 850,000.

Oak Street Eailway Company. — Incorporated January 23, 1872, with a capital stock of 820,000.

The State and Oak Street Eailroad. — Incorporated March 13, 1873, with a capital stock of 830,000.

Corporators ; Luther Donaldson, John M. Pugh, E. C. Hoff- man, Wm. C. Stewart, and D. W. C. Jones.

The line of the road is to be as follows ; Commencing at the east end of the State Street bridge, thence running east on State to Seventh, north on Seventh to Oak, east on Oak to an avenue on the east side of Stewart and Jones addition, thence north to the Fair Ground avenue, and thence east on Fair Ground ave- nue to the fair grounds.

COLUJIBL'S GASLIGHT AND COKE COMPANY.

The act creating Joel Buttles, Samuel Medary, Chas. Scott, J. S. Abbott, DwTght Stone, Jno. Miller, James D. Osborne, James Westwater, S. D. Preston, and "VVm. Armstrong a body, corporate and politic, with perpetual succession, by the name and style of the Columbus Gaslight and Coke Company, was passed by the legislature February 21, 1846, and signed by Elias F. Drake, speaker of the House of Eepresentatives, and Sea-, bury Ford, speaker of the Senate. A meeting of the incorpo- rators named in this act of incorporation was held at the office of Gilbert & Baldwin, on the 21st of May, 1846. Wm. Arm- strong was appointed chairman, and J. D. Osborne, secretary. At this meeting, Gilbert & Baldwin were authorized to open books at their office for subscriptions to the capital stock, from and after that date.

The records do not show that any stock was subscribed until JSTovember, 1848. From that time to January 4, 1849, about one thousand shares, of 810 each, only were taken, notwithstanding that the enterprise was warmlj^ recommended to the people by

562 COM.MEKCIAL INSTITUTIONS.

such reliable business men as J. Eidgway, Jr., Jno. Miller, D. W. Deshler, Jno. L. and W. A. Gill. The first meeting of stockholders was held December 6, 1848, and John Miller, D. \y. Deshler, J. Eidgway, Jr., Jno. Lockwood, and W. A. Grill ■were declared duly elected directors of the com^sany. Jno. Miller was appointed president; J. Eidgway, Jr., secretary; and D. W. Deshler, treasurer. The president and secretary were made a committee to prepare by-laws. At a meeting held at the American Hotel, January 5, 1849, the secretary was directed to procure from the engineer of the Cincinnati gas-works, plans and specifications for gas- works, suitable for the wants of thecity.

At a subsequent meeting held on the 15th of Februaiy, 1849, a contract was entered into between the directors and Jno. Lockwood, by which said Lockwood was to furnish plans and specifications, with an estimate for constructing tlie works, which, if satisfactory to the directors, should be executed, and if not, then said Lockwood and his associates might construct gas- works on their own responsibility. At the "annual election of directors, held on the 1st day of April, 1850, W. A. Gill, Jno. Miller, Peter Hayden, Thomas Moodie, W. A. Piatt, J. Eidgway, Jr., and D. ^Y. Deshler were elected ; and on the following day, W. A. Grill was elected president of the board ; W. A. Piatt, sec- retary; and T. Moodie, treasurer. A committee was also ap- pointed at this meeting, consisting of D. W. Deshler and "W. A. Piatt, to purchase grounds for the erection of gas-works.

On the 4th of April, 1850, a committee was appointed to con- tract with Jno. Lockwood for the erection of gas-works, and the committee on the purchase of grounds were authorized to purchase from Lewis Mills and C. Xiswander, lots ^os. 249 and 250. On the 10th of April, a committee was appointed to procure from the city council a satistactor}- ordinance, conve_y- ing to the company the right to use the streets and alleys f'or laying down pipes. The ordinance was passed on the i4th of May, 1850, and accepted on the day following by the gas com- pany. The contract for the erection of the wo'rks"^ was concluded with Jno. Lockwood, on the 18th of May, 1850.

Tl\e first requisition on the stock subscribed was made June 10, 1850. Joseph G". ^'ance was appointed secretary of the company December 18, 1850. The gas-works were 'accepted from the contractor as eomjilete December 24, 1850, and by or- der of the board of directors, a. supper was tendered to Lock- woo.l an<l Barriiiger at the American Ilotel. G)n the 5th of Jlarcli, 1851, a coiiuiiittee, appointed for that purpose, reported a contract entered into with Girafton Douty as superintendent The original capital stock of §10,000 was 'iucroased to 850 OOO

MANUFACTURING INTERESTS. 563

on the 30th of April, 1851. The first balloon infl.atod by the company was for John M. Kinney, July i, 1851. The experi- ment of using Eoman cement for joints in gas-mains was au- thorized by the board of directors, in May, 1851, since which time the company has used no other material.

On the 6th of April, W. A. Piatt was elected president, and J. C. Vance resigned the office of secrctarj' at the same date, and was succeeded by H. Z. Mills. Large extensions of main pipes in the principal streets were made during this season, and more grounds purchased for the necessary extension of the works, which the business already showed Avould soon be nec- essary.

The capital stock was increased (May 18, 1854,) 150,000, and on the 20th of January, 1858, the price of gas was reduced from $3.25 to 83,00 per one thousand cubic feet, without discount. The capital stock was increased, April 23, 1860, to $125, 000 ; April 17, 1863, to S150,000; June 25, 1867, to 1200,000; May 26, 1809, to $250,000, and April 24, 1871, to $400,000. There are now twenty-four miles of main pipe laid in the streets, and the consumers of gas number over two thousand ; besides, six hundred and sixty-one street lamps are supplied with gas.

The company are erecting a large three-story building for a fitting-shop ; and will, during the present season, build a largo gasometer and enlarge the retort-house, so that the capacity of the works will bo nearly or quite doubled.

Officers and board of directors for 1873 : W. A. Piatt, presi- dent; John F. Bartlit, John Miller, John L. Gill, George Mc- Donald, W. G. Deshler, P. W. Huntington ; A. B. Eobinson, secretary ; Grafton Doutj% superintendent, and 0. A. Piatt, fore- man.

CHAPTEE XX.

M.VNUFACTUPaNG INTERESTS. COLUMBUS AS A MANUFACTURINO CENTER.

Columbus has grown from small beginnings to be one of the most important business and manufacturing centers in the West;' and its facilities and prospects for future growth arc un- equaled. While yet a small village, it owed much to the enter- prise and energy of its citizens. These form the true secret of its prosperous" condition, inasmuch as these sterling qualities

5(J4 MANUFACTURINfi INTERESTS.

have always distingiiished, as they do now, in a pre-eminent dei^i'ce. our manufacturers, merchants, and business men.

The locating of the State capital and State institutions here, no doubt, to some extent, assisted Coluinbus in her struggles upward. They gave some impetus to her infant business, but at the same time retarded her progress in an almost equal degree. They excited a jealousy and a prejtidiee against her, as though she were a parasite, living and growing at the ex- pense of the rest of the State. Btit it is needless to more than allude to this unreasonable jJi'cjudice, as it is now generally ad- mitted that the advantages Columbus enjoys fi-om being the State ca2:)ital are very few, and of very little consec^uence when compared with the wealth, trade, and resources that have been and are being developed by the talent and eiiorts of her citi- zens, unaided hj the State.

The growth of Columbus, though not so rapid as some other western towns, has been as steady and stable as that of any of them, and bids fair to increase in the future with an ever accel- erated speed. In 1870. when the last federal census was taken, its pojnilation was set down at nearly thirty-two thousand. Since that time our city limits have been greatly enlarged ; our population has been rapidly increased, a"nd our total" number of inhabitants must now reach from forty to forty-five thousand. During the last decade, we have more than doubled our popula- tion, and at the rate of progress we are now making, our city will contain within its bounds, in 1880, fi-om seventy-iive to one hundred thousand people.

From our location, in the center of Ohio, and our means of easy transit to all points of the compass, our merchants and business men are not onlj- fast building up a profitable trade with the rich and populous counties around us. but are extend- ing their enter]u-ises into adjoining States. There is no more desirable place in the "West, in which to fix a residence or engaii-e in business. Our public schools are among the best resjurated and the most thorough in the country. Our llollv water-works afford us alnmst perfect security against fire. As a railroad center. Coliniiluis ^vill soon rival ln(liana]nilis. Six important lines ah-eady cdnvergi' to this ]ioint : three others are about readj" to he constrticted. and several more will not be lonrj delaved.

r.ni it is as a nuinufaclining city that Columbus'is becominc:, day liy day and hoiirhy hour, more iirominent. For many vears she lias hren steadily gaining gi-onnd in this rci^ard. Simulta- neously almost with the hiving bare to public --aze of the almost iuexhaustihie riches'.if llu' coal and iron mines to the southeast of us, was the opening of the Hocking Valley railroad, o;iving us ready and speedy access to a portion of those mines, ami

MANUFACTURING INTERESTS. 565

bringing their rich products to onr very doors. Then it "was that our cajDitalists and business men saw more clearlj^than ever before, that tlie onlj' safe and sure way to advance their own interests and those of the city, was to utilize the raw material 80 abundant and so easily obtained, and that this could only be done by enlarging the business of existing manufacturing estab- lishments, and inaugurating new ones that should be liberal in the emploj'ment of capital, skilled labor, and the most improved mechanism. Grasping this idea firmlj', our men of means and enterprise went to work "with a will," and in 1871, our manu- factured goods amounted to more than six and a half million dollars, and our aggregate of goods sold at wholesale, to over eight millions.

It is mainlj' as an iron manufacturing city, that a bright and glorious future opens up before Columbus. This is due to her close contiguity to the coal and iron fields of Southeastern Ohio, and the comparative ease with which she can avail herself of these all but exhaustless resources for manufactures and trade, and the consequent continued increase of her population and wealth. "What has been already achieved in the infancy, as it were, of the coal and iron mining, is a mei-e prophecy of the still greater results to be wrought out in the future. It may be thought extravagant to say, as some intelligent men do, who are far better versed in these matters than we are, that the day is near at hand when Columbus will divide with Pittsburg the honor of being the best iron market.

This anticipation will not, however, appear vorj' romantic, when the resources at our command are duly considered. We can already procure valuable iron ores, and cheaper and better coal, over the Hocking Valley road than can be had elsewhere ; and' when the Ferrara road, now under way, penetrates the minino- region in another direction, we .shall have cheaper, and as o-ood, and probably to some extent better, coal and iron ores. Having'in abundance the cheap and superior coal and ore that will bfrsupplied, not merely by one or even two roads penetrat- ing the mining region, but by several well-equipped thorough- fares, there will be nothing to hinder our iron and other man- ufactures increasing to an unlimited extent.

Men of capital and enterprise may avail themselves of one advantage now offered at this point, but which, in the natural order of 'our progress, is daily becoming less and less. We refer to the cheap or moderate rate at which lands within the corpo- ration, or just outside of it, as, for instance, on the line of the new Ferrara railroad, may bo procured for residences or manu- facturing sites. These lands, now in market, are being taken up so fast that in a very short time the most eligible sites will

566 MANUFACTURING INTERESTS.

be all gone. InvestmeDts made in the city or vicinity, in real estate, not M-anted by the purchasers for their OTrn immediate occupancy, will be quite certain to double or treble in a few years. As our manufactures and trade increase, the greater will be the demand for, and the value of the present outlying lands around the more compact portions of our city, for new manufac- turing establishments, for suburban residences for the more prosperous, and for cheap homes for mechanics and laboring men.

Some facts may here be briefly stated, showing the amount of coal brought to Columbus by a single road. During 1871, the amount brought by the Hocking Valley road was 3U2,7(jG tons. During tlie seven months ending August 1, 1872, the amount was 377,108 tons. The main increase was from the Straitsville mines, where 107,055 tons were produced in the seven months against 89,000 for the entire year of 1871. The greater portion of the coal distributed at this point passes on, in about equal quantities, to Cleveland and Chicago, while supplj'ing numerous small towns and cities.

That this coal is adapted for the manufiictnre of iron has been satisfactorilj' proven. It is now used in the Columbus, Cleveland, and Zanesville blast-furnaces, with complete success — the Colum- bus furnace making a ton of iron with sixty -two bushels of coal, at a cost of nine cents per bushel. The iron ores used are one- third Lake Superior, and two-thirds native — the latter being procured from the great mining region to the southeast of Co- lumbus. Limestone, suitable for fluxes, in the manufacture of iron, can be procured here at fifty cents per ton.

Our coal for gas purposes yields four feet of gas per pound. Its illuminating power is said to be superior 'to that of the Youghiogheny coal, though the latter is much sought after for steam and domestic purposes. It is not so hard as" the Straits- ville coal, and not adapted for use in blast-furnaces. The " great vein," extending over a large area of countrv, principally in Perry county, averages about eleven feet in thickness. This immense de]iosit, in point of extent and qualit^y, is nowhere equaled in this country.

The Hocking Valley road, though operated to its fullest ca- pacity, will be inadequate, even wHh its proposed double track, to the removal of tlie coal that will be daily mined in the great field contiguous to Columbus. Nor, were it able to meet the in- creasing demand, sliould our manufactures and the public he dependent upon a single company, however competent its offi- cers, and extensive its means of transportation. Hence the im- portance, and the absolute necessity of at least another n\ineral raih-oad, such as the Columbus and Ferrara, now ready for con-

MANUFACTURING INTERESTS. 567

struction, and which will Tindoubtedly be in operation in a year or eighteen months. We shall then have, from one of the best coal-fields in the world, an abundant supply of the very finest coal, and at a cheap rate, for manufacturing purposes at home, and for distribution to other points.

The fact shoiild be noted in tl:iis connection, that in the Hock- ing and Perry county mineral region, iron ore abounds in im- mense quantities, and of nearly the same grade as that of Hanging Eock. With these vast sources of mineral wealth, so near Colambus, its advantages for manufactures, and especially for the manufacture and distribution of iron and all kinds of utensils and machinery, can not but be apparent to every man. Agricultural Implements. — The manufacture of agricultu- ral implements has been carried on for many years in Columbus, but not to an extent that its location, facilities, and resources for such business would seem to jiistify. At present, however, these manufactures are energetically prosecuted by two establish- ments in the city, and two other dealers, not manufacturers, in this line, keep on hand pretty extensive stocks. These four establishments employ 110 hands, and a cash capital of 1218,000. Their products in 1872 reached $332,000.

Book-binding and Blank Book Manufacturing. — This branch of the manufacturing industry is carried on in the city by two firms. Their product for 1872 amounted to $120,000 ; the capital employed is $40,000, and gives employment to 37 hands. The Boot and Shoe Trade. — Our manufacturers and whole- sale dealers in boots and shoes are now doing, as they have done for many years, an extensive business in Ohio, Indiana, and the far West.

The following statistics will give some idea of the extent of the business done by our boot and shoe manufacturers and dealers at wholesale and retail : There are in the city, in the retail trade, 14 stores and 57 shops, with a capital of $119,000, and employ- ing 143 different persons. Their business in 1872 amounted to $357,000. The number of wholesale houses is three, with a cap- ital of $230,000, and employing 220 hands. Their business amounted, in 1872, to $780,000, and the combined products $690,000.

Brewers. — The manufacturing of malt liquors is carried on

by six firms, and is one of our most extensive business interests.

The products of our breweries are in excellent repute with dealers

and consumers throughout Central Ohio. The aggregate capi-

. tal employed is $112,000; number of men, 53.

Brass Foundries. — There arc two establishments of this class of manufacture in our city, which are doing a pretty fair busi- ness. The value of their manufactured products for 1872 was

508 MANUFACTaRING INTERESTS.

820,000, and they carried an average stock of S9,000, employing ton persons, occupying real estate worth §0,500, and having an invested cash capital of 811,500.

Brush Manl-factcrers and Dealers. — It is a growing busi- ness for which the city affords great and increasing facilities. There are in the city two establishments in this line, having a cash capital of 8103,000, and employing 227 hands. The value of their average stock is 864,000, and the amount of business done in 1872 was 8230,000.

Bakeries. — There are in Columbus fourteen of these establish- ments, covering the whole range of products in their line. They employ sixty-nine hands. Their aggregate products for the year 1872 were valued at 8234,900. They carry an average salable stock worth 822,500 ; have a cash captital invested of 825,700, and occupy real estate of the value of 865,500.

Broom-makers. — There are in the city seven broom-making establishments, employing sixty-three hands, and a cash capital of 833,000, and having on hand an average stock of 821,000. The value of their business done in 1872 is estimated at 8160,000.

BlacksmitiiinCt. — Aside from the blacksmithing carried on in various manufacturing establishments, we have shops conducted by active and enterprising men. The number of shops is thirty- three, erajiloying 117 men, and having a cash cajiital of 817.000.

Boiler-makers. — There are in this citj- three establishments engaged in the manufacturing of boilers, with an aggregate cap- ital of 87,800, and em]iloying thirty-nine hands.

Brick. — The manufacture of brick for building and other purposes, is carried on in this city by thirteen tirms. Their pro- duct for 1872 amounted to about 20.000,000 of brick, giving em- ployment to 200 persons, and about 8100,000 capital. "

Columbus Mantel and Grate Company. — Though this com- pany has been in operation only about two years, it has ex- tended its trade to most of the large cities and towns in the Northwest.

For several j'ears, the onlj- manufactory of these articles in the West was at Cincinnati, where excellent work was turned out, far superior to that produced at Eastern manufactories. Yet in style, linish, and truthfulness to nature, the Columbus manufactory competes with any in the countrv.

Chiloren's (\\uuia(5e jManufaoture. — Ourcity can boast of the largest and most extensive manufactory of children's car- riages in the United States. This branch of business employs a cash capital of 875,000, and has tilty ditlereut persons engaged in its various operations. It occupies real estate vahuxC at $20,00t), and its aggregate products in 1872 amounted to 880,000.

MANUFACTURraa INTERESTS. 569

CAB, BriLDING.

The Columbus Car and Yrheel Works is the most extensive munufacturiiii;; establisliment in Columbus. John L. Gill is the sole })ro])rietor — a man who has done more to advance thenian- utacturiiig interests of the citj' than any other person living. For nearly half a century he has been engaged in Columbus in the foundiy and iron manufacturing business, with an ability and perseverance that deserve, and have been crowned with eminent success.

Mr. Gill's car works are a monument to his skill, enterprise, and public spirit. In this establishment, nearly 400 men are emjiloj'ed in the manufacture of freight cars and car-wheels. The dimensions of the various connecting bricli and stone build- ings are as follows : Foundry, 190xOG ; macliine-shop, 150x50 ; forge-shop, 100x85 (20 furnaces) ; wood machine-shop, 200x40 ; erecting-shojj, 175x80 ; paint-shop, 130x50; dry-house, capacity', 20,000 feet of lumber ; also, other outside buildings, as pattern- sho]), pattern storage, and store-house.

The engine that furnishes power for these immense worlds is the Babco'ck & Wilcox pattern, 20 by 36 inch cylinder, built by John Cooper & Co., J\Iount Vernon, Ohio. W^hen operated to their full capacity, the works turn out ten gondola coal cars per day, and a proportionate number of box ears. A vast number of chilled car-wheels, in excess of those made to equip the cars here constructed, are cast for the Pittsburg, Cincinnati and St. Louis Eailroad Company.

Mr. Gill has provided his works with all the modern improve- ments in machinery that his long familiarity with the business could suggest. During the year 1872, about 9,000 tons of pig metal and 1,800 tons of wronght-iron were consumed. B. P. Bullard, a man of remarkable mechanical ability and energy, is the general superintendent. The business last year reached to nearly §1,500,000, employing a capital of 8400,000, and giving work to 300 men ; the monthly paj^-roll amounts to $16,000 ; the real estate occupied is valued at §250,000.

570

AD VEKTISEM EN TS.

Enrfisli, :raillei? ^ Co-

manufacturers,

AA'D

WHOLESALE

i

■mMB «

95 and 9? North High Street,

COLUMBUS, O.

MANUFACTURING INTERESTS. 571

Clothing. — We have thriving establishments for the manufac- ture and sale of clothing at wholesale, at retail, and at both wholesale and retail. Many of these are equal to any of the kind in any other Western city, and few will be found anywhere as complete in all their dej^artments.

Buying clothing here, the purchaser pays but one profit; whereas, in buying East hepays what is equivalent to two or three profits. Clothing made in Columbus is nianutactured express!}' for home consumption and the Western trade. One house, that of English, Miller & Co., employ over 150 hands in this branch of manufacture.

Clothing and Merchant Tailoring. — There are twenty-seven merchant tailoring and retail clothing establishments, manufac- turing clothing for customers and for the trade. These do a very large business, giving employment to 753 difterent jDersonB, and having invested in the business a cash capital of 1363,000. The average stock carried in these establishments is $413,000, and the aggregate sales in 1872 amounted to 8696,000.

Carriage Manufacturers and Dealers. — The manufacture and trade in carriages and other like vehicles forms a large item in the business of our city. The manufacture is extensive, and for it Columbus aflfords such facilities that its cost is much less than in many other cities. The dealers in this line are able to ofl'er vehicles, from a simple spring-wagon to the most costly car- riage, at cheaj)er rates than can be aftbrded at most other points in the West. One great advantage to the buyer here is, that the stocks are so large and varied he can scarcely fail to find the precise thing he wants, and at the lowest price in the market.

We have nine manufacturers and dealers in this line, employ- ing a capital of §62,700, and 127 hands. They occupy $73,000 worth of real estate, and have on hand an average stock of §57,000. Their products in 1872 amounted to $117,400.

Manufacturers op Carriage and Wagon Materials. — There are in the city three establishments engaged in the manufacture of the various parts and machinery belonging to carriages, wagons, and other wheeled vehicles.

For this kind of manufacture Columbus has extraordinary advantages, which our men of capital and enterprise are dis- posed to improve, as they can afford these manufactures at lower rates, quality considered, than can be afforded at almost any other accessible point.

Our tliree establishments in this line employ a cash capital of §210,000, and 230 hands, occupying real estate valued at $54,000,

572 MANUFACTURING INTERESTS.

and carrying an average stock worth 394,000. Their products in 1872 amounted to S330,000.

Coat. Oil Kefining, — This is not a veiy extensive business in Columbus. We have, however, one establisliment engaged in it, with a cash capital invested of 820,000, employing three hands, and transacting a business, in 1872. reaching to S40,000. Cane-seat Ciiaius. — There are in the city two establishments engaged in chair manufacturing exclusively. They employ 165 persons, and have invested a cash capital of SS'O.OOO. They carry an average stock of 622,000, and occupy real estate worth $23,000. The aggregate products of these two manufactures amounted, in 1872, to 8110,000.

Confectionery.— There are in the city twenty-three of these manufacturing and wholesale and retail establishments, who give emplojnnent to seventy-one persons, and have invested in the business a cash capital of 862,000. Their business transac- tions in 1872 amounted to 8137,000.

Cigars and Tobacco. — There are thirteen manufacturers of cigars in this city, who employ a capital of 814,000, and give emploj'ment to fifty-two hands.

Dental Work. — In the manufacture and preparation of dental work, there are in the city ten different establishments, employing seventeen persons, and a cash capital of 87,000. The value of their products, in 1872, was 829,200.

Edge Tool Mandfacturing. — There are three firms engaged in this branch of our manufacturing industry, who have^an aggregate capital of about 8200,000, "and give employment to 170 hands. Products for 1872 amounted to'about 8o50j:i00.

Furniture. — Columbus, having an unusual combination of advantages for the manufacture of furniture, as abundant cheap and good material, cheap production, and readv facilities for transportation to any part of the country, has become quite a center for the manutacture and trade in furniture.

There arc in the city three furniture manufacturing establish- ments, employing a ca.-^h capital of 8193,000 and 355 men occupying real estate valued at 8120,000, and carryin>^ an aver- ago stock worth 8255,000. They report products tbr f872 to the aggregate amount of 8420,000. AVe have five furniture dealers whose combined sales in 1872 reached 8460,000, makim: our transachons m i'urniture tor that year aggregate nearly 8900,000. Flouring Mills.— The number of flourhig mills "in the'citv and imniediato vicinity is six. They have\in invested cash capital ot ;;?2 i ,(»00, and employ twenty-seven persons. The pro- ducts ot the mills arc estimated at §120,000.

MANUFACTURING INTERESTS. 573

Galvanized Ieon and Tin Work. — "We have in Columbus nine estiiljlisliments that may be placed under this head. Three of these manufacture galvanized iron cornices and window caps. The nine establishments have an invested capital of §62,500, occupy real estate valued at 882,000, employ fn-ty-seven men, and carry an average stock of 879,600. Their business transac- tions in 1872 aggregated 6185,000.

Guns and Pistols. — There are in the city two manufactories of these weapons, employing a cash capital of §4,000 and three ' hands, occupying real estate valued at §15,200, and doing a business in 1872 that amounted in the aggregate to §9,500.

Human Hair Work. — The number of manufacturers and dealers in this description of goods, in Columbus, is three, who employ a cash capital of §3,500, and 11 persons, doing, in 1872, a business amounting to §17,000 in the aggregate.

Job and ISTewspaper Printing. — The printing press, the former product, but now jjioneer of civilization, was found in Columbus at almost its tirst settlement. Our city has eight job printing establishments, and four newspaper offices having no job office attached. The capital emploj^ed in the printing busi- ness, in the city, is estimated at about §180,000, from which was realized a business, in 1872, of about §220,000.

Lumber, Sash, Door, and Blind Manufacturing. — These several departments of manufacture, taken together, make an extended business, carried on in this city bj' nine different estab- lishments, whose aggregate investments of cash capital amount to §314,000. Thej" afford employment to 119 men, and occujiy real estate valued at §124,000. Their business transactions in 1872, aggregated §480,000.

Lard Oil and Candles. — There are three establishments of this kind here, employing §20,000 capital, and sixteen hands. Products for 1872, §60,000.

Marble and Monument Works. — This branch of manufac- ture, or rather of art, is represented by three firms. The cash capital invested in the marble and monument business, in the city, amounts to §13,500. It gives employment to 26 men. The transactions in this line, in 1872, amounted to §33,400.

Mineral Water. — Columbus has three establishments en- gaged in the manufacture of this article. The capital invested inUie business is §20,000, and the number of men employed is 21. The business done in this line amounted, in 1872, to §23,500.

Paper Mill. — There is but one manufactor_y of paper, and that is printing paper, in this city. There is employed in this branch of manufacture a capital of §25,000. It gives employ-

574 MANUFACTURING INTERESTS.

ment to 27 hands; occupies real estate valued at §40,000, and the sales for 1872 amounted to 8120,000.

Painters and Paper-hangers. — There are in the city twenty- seven different establishments that make a specialty of painting and iiaper-hanging. They afford emploj-nient to 79 men, and transacted in 1872, a business amounting in the asjgregate to §49,000.

Pump-making. — There are four establishments in the city de- voted to this branch of production, which have C|uite a large run of business, employing an invested capital of .35,200 and Hmen. The business in 1872 aggregated 824,000.

Plumbers. — There are in the citj-five plumiiing establishments, with a cash cajntal of 81 0,500, occupying 835.000 worth of real es- tate, employing 23 men, and carrying an average stock valued at 811,750. Their gross business in l"S72 amounted to 847.000.

PnoTOGKAPHT AND PORTRAIT Painting. — There have been, within a few j-ears past, as almost every one is aware, great im- provements in these arts, of which our Columbus arttsts have taken good care to avail themselves. Some of them have won a wide and deserved reputation for the excellence, truthfulness, and vividness of their pictures and portraits, and for the neat- nes.s and elegance of their workmanship. ^Te have ten photo- graphic and portrait painting establishments, employino; a cash capital of 827,000, and 28 different persons, and transacting a business, in 1872, amounting to 847,500.

Eegalias.— ]\I. C. Lilley'i- Co.— il. C. Lillev. John Siebert. H. Lmdenberg, C. H. Lindenberg, C. H. Lindenberg — ore;anized in tlie fall of 1868 for the manufacture of regalias." Thfs com- pany employs at present eightv persons. Shipments of cjoods are made to all parts of the United States, British Xorth Amer- ica, and Australia. Eegalias and supplies, varviug in price from fifty to eighty dollars, are manufactured for all cdasses of asso- ciations and societies. The company received the first premium medal at the Cincinnati Expositions" in 1871 and 1872, for fine embroidered regalias, notwithstandino: the competition of several other extensive manufacturiuij establishments. The monthly pay-roll of Messrs. M. C. LiUey & Co. is 81.600, This house en{- ploys more hands and sells more goods than anv other house in the United States, in the same business. It has a cash capital invested of 835,000, and its business transactions for 1872 equaled ■

EoELiN'a Mills, Furnaces, Founderies, Machine-suops, Met.vl Manufacturers generally.— Combined, these consti- tute the pride of the mamifact urine; interests of the citv repre-

MANUFACTURING INTERESTS. 575

senting an aggregate capital of about one million dollars, em- ploying near one thousand hands. The products for 1872 are valued at about 82,000,000.

Eailroad Companies' Car Building and Eepairino. — This class of the manufacturing industry of the city is of very great importance. The companies employ seven hundred and sixty- eight men, occtipj'ing forty-tive buildings, and paid, during the year 1S72, the large sum of §440,396.0-4 to their employes.

Saddlery Hardware — Peter Hayben. — Columbus counts among her citizens, Peter nayden,the first manufacturer of sad- dleiy hardware in the United States. In his business in this city, Mr. Hayden is associated with his son, Wm. B. Hayden, under the firm name of P. Hayden & Son. One of the largest and handsomest displays of saddlery hardware, on this continent, can be seen at the exhibition and salesrooms in Mr. Hayden's block, on East Broad, near High street.

In this connection, it seems in place to speak briefly of Peter Hayden as the most successful and one of the oldest pioneers in manufacturing in Columbus. To his skill, enterprise, energy, and perseverance, we are indebted for an example of what well- directed efforts may achieve, and a striking illustration of the facilities and resources Columbus presents as a manufacturing center.

Mr. Hayden has been a manufacturer and dealer here, prin- cipally in iron-ware, since 1834. His earliest establishment on the Scioto river, near the penitentiary, now known as the Co- lumbus Iron Works, Polling Mill and Wire Mill, has done, as it is still doing, an extensive business in almost every variety of iron and stc'el manufacture from railroad iron to fine wire cloth.

Sewer Pipe. — This branch of manufacture is carried on by the Columbus Sewer Pipe Company. They give employment to forty hand's. Their monthly pay-roll is $2,000.

Starch. — This branch of manufacture is carried on, on a large scale, by Julius J. Woods & Co. ; established in 1843. The ca- pacity of their factory is to work up five hundred bushels of corn per day, employing a capital of $100,000 and forty hands.

Saw MNAurACTURiNG. — This branch of manufacture is car- ried on here by Mr. James Ohlen, on a very extensive scale, employing fifty hands. The products for 1872 amounted to $125,000.

Trunks, Valises, etc. — This branch of manufacturing is car- ried on extensively by two firms. Their large experience has given them a familiarity with the wants of the trade. The sales

576 TRADE.

of the two firms for 1872 amounted to S105,000, employing a cajjital of §26,000, and fifty-six persons.

Vinegar Manufactories. — There are two vinegar manufac- tories in Columbus, one of which is on a pretty large scale, and has an extensive trade. The capital employed by the two estab- lishments is ?S,000, and the value of the real estate occupied by them is 812,000. They employ four hands, and the average value of the stock on hand is §G,.500. The amount of their sales in 1872 was §49,000.

CnAPTER XXI. TE.IDE.

The Columbus Wholesale Trade. — The growth of the whole- sale trade of Columbus has been rapid, like that of her manu- factures, and has become the theme of general comment both East and "West. Though other large cities entered, with tierce des- peration, the lists with Columbus, for possession of the trade of Central Ohio, the capital city has finally achieved a comj^lete triumph, and is to-daj- mistress of the situation, without a rival. This is due in great measure to the enterprise of her merchants, seldom equaled in the mercantile history of any part of the country. This enterprise has been fortunately aided by the great increase of railroad facilities, by the investment of "home capital previously lying dormant, and of capital from abroad, giving emplojmient to artisans, mechanics, and laborers, thus rapidljr increasing our business and population, and laying the foundation for a still greater and unlimited increase.

"Within the last two or three years our city has entered upon a new career. The season of youth and indecision with her has passed away, and, knowing her strength and resources, she is disposed to avail herself of their benefits. We have now business houses with enormous stocks of goods, em]iloying a multitude of salesmen, clerks, and travelers", and working with a talent and energy that only not assure, but bring success. We send, not only through the central portions of oui'own state, but into the very center of Indiana, dry goods, groceries, etc. — selling, in fact, our goods under the very noses of some of our more populous and more pretentious neighboring cities.

Tlie day when retail merchants in Ohio and Indiana deemed it out of the question to buy goods advantageously outside of Now York, Pliihulelphia, Boston, or Cincinnati, is bcirinning to pass away. Kxperionce is proving to that class of dealers That

TRADE. 577

they can do better nearer home than by going East, or even to Cincinnati, for their stocks of goods. They are becoming aware of the fact that Columbus jobbers offer their goods at lower figures than can be had in New York or in Cincinnati. In regard to the latter, it is known that while the capital of her several firms is not larger than that of our Columbus firms, the expenses of her firms are much heavier than those of ours in the items of rent, cost of living, etc. Such items must, of course, be included in the calculation of the prices at which goods can be aflbrded to the retailer. Thus, it hapjiens that on every pack- age of goods the retail merchant buj's in Cincinnati, he pays more or less percentage toward an expense which the Columbus jobber does not charge, because it is not incurred bj' him. This is a self-evident proposition. If the firm pays a higher rent for a store-room, residences, etc., so must the salesman and clerk pay higher rents for dwelling houses, etc., and have higher salaries, and these and other increased costs of living must be charged upon the goods and paid by the purchaser.

So far as regards retail merchants in Central Ohio, the matter of fi-eights should be taken into the account. These are notori- ously heavy on goods transported from the East, and can easily be avoided by dealing in Columbus. But suppose the retailer goes to Cincinnati. Then, in jn-oportion to the distance that city is west of him, will be the distance he will have to travel, going and returning, and for the like distance east will he be obliged to pay freight on the transportation of his goods. The greater part of this expense of travel and freight can be saved hy purchasing in Columbus, while goods can be aflbrded here at a much less margin of profit than at Cincinnati, even while our wholesale dealers are making more money.

Our wholesale houses keep on hand as complete stocks, and as great a variety of goods from which to make selections, as can be found in Cincinnati, or in any eastern city. Goods can be found here in such assortments and in such quantities, that any retail store can be supplied with a full stock, no matter how large the business intended to be done.

The Auction and Commission Business. — We have three auction and commission houses, having a cash capital of .^23,000, and giving employment to eleven men. Their sales of mer- chandise and real estate in 1872 amounted to §298,000.

Books and Stationery. — There are seven dealers in this line of trade in this city, who have employed an aggregate capital of §110,000 and twenty -five hands. Their sales for 1872 amounted to 8280,000

Billiard Eooms. — There are in the city five of these estab-

578 ADVERTISEMENTS.

MILLER, GREEN & JOYCE,

IMPOETEES AND JOBBF.ES OF

Foreign and Domegtio Dry Goods

97 and 99 North High Street,

N. Y. OFFICE, 87 & 89 LEONARD ST.

r»R,ooRESsioisr.

To the Merchants of Ohio and Indiana:

We have just completed extensive additions and improvements to our business building, and now have one of the largest and most commodious Jobbing Houses in the AVest. "We occupy four floors, 40 by lO't feet, and have ample room for every department. We are now displaying the most attractive stock of

ETer offered in a Western House, and at prices that defy compelitiou. lu addition to a full line of Staple Domestic Gooda always on hand, we have largely increased our stock in the following departments:

UltESS GOODS, I ICES, LIXEXS,

CLOTUS, HIBBOXS,

CASSIMEJi ES, HOSIEB Y,

WHITE GOODS, GLOVES *£■ XOTIOXS,

We have facilities for obtaining and selling goods cheap equal to the best houses in New York, and boldly declaru that to-day, in the Capital City, within a few hours' rine of every retail store in the State, we are displaying a stock equaled by few, and excelled by no other house in the United States. We cordially invite every merchant to a close inspection of the advantagOB we ofl'er, feeling confident tliat it will be to their interest to give us an early call.

iller, ($rem S J/ottic.

TRADE. 579

lishments, having a capital of $25,000, and emi^loying thirteen men. Their business in 1872 amounted to 138,000.

Barbers. — There are in the city thirty-seven different barber shops, employing a cash capital of $14,800, and ninety-two barbers. Their business for 1872 amounted to about $52,000.

Crockert and (tLASSWARE. — There are four crockery and glassware houses in the city, having an invested capital of $63,000, and employing sixteen persons. The value of their average stock on hand is $74,000, and their sales in 1872 amounted to $197,000.

CoJiMissiON Merchants. — There are in the city four com- mission houses, occupying real estate valued at $70,000, and having invested in the business a cash capital of $130,000. They afford employment to' twenty-nine different persons. Their stocks, of course, fluctuate according to demand and sup- ply. Their business transactions in 1872 reached in the aggre- gate about $670,000.

Dry Goods. — We have two wholesale dry goods houses, with an invested cash capital of $500,000, occupying real estate worth $120,000, having an average stock on hand of $450,000, and em- ploying forty-two persons. Their aggregate sales in 1872 amounted to $1,455,000.

Our retail dry goods stores number fourteen, having an in- vested cash capital of $341,000, occupying real estate valued at $213,000, carrying an average stock of $556,000, and giving em- ployment to 139 persons. Aggregate amount of sales in the retail trade in 1872, $1,554,000. Thus, the aggregate of our transactions in dry goods for 1872 was over $3,000,000.

Drugs. The jobbing trade in this branch of business in

Columbus is confined to two houses, who sell at both wholesale and retail. There are, besides these, sixteen retail drug stores. The cash capital invested in the eighteen establishments, is $94,500, and the number of persons employed by them is forty- one. Their sales in 1872 reached $257,320.

j)yers. There are three establishments in this line of trade

in the city, who use a capital of $4,000, and give employment to eicrht hands. Their business for 1872 amounted to $10,000.

Flour and Feed Stores. — There are sixteen of these, so located in different parts of the city as to be a great public ac- commodation. These stores have invested in the business a cash capital of $10,400 ; they employ thirty-four persons, and made sales in 1872 amounting to $98,000.

Geoceeies.— There are five exclusively wholesale grocery

580 TRADE.

houses, who emploj' a cash capital of S295,000, and thirty men ; they occupy real estate valued at $92,000, and keep on hand an avera2;e stock worth §202,000. Their sales in 1872 amounted to ?l,49f,000.

In the wholesale and retail grocery trade, we have fifteen houses, employing seventy-six men, and a cash capiital of ^151, 000, occupying real estate valued at §215,000, and carrying an average stock of $207,000. Sales in 1872, §985,000.

Our retail grocery establishments number 249, emj)loying 391 hands, and a cash capital of §177,400, occupying real estate worth $305,000, and carrying an average stock worth $248,000. Sales in 1872, $852,070.

Summing up results, we find a grocery business done in this city in 1872, equal to the amount of §3,328.070.

The Hardware Trade. — We have in Columbus six establish- ments doing, in the aggregate, an extensive business wholesale and retail.

Our six hardware dealers have invested a cash capital of §211,000, employing forty-seven men, occupying real estate valued at §125,000, and carrving an averatre amount of stock worth $258,000. Their sales for 1872 aggregated §757,500.

The Hat, Cap, and Fur Trade. — The number of dealers in this line is seven, who employ twenty-two hands and a cash capital of $53,000. They occupy real "estate valued at §67,000, and the average value of their stock on hand is estimated at §69,000. Their sales in 1872 amounted to §172,000.

Hotels. — The following statistics show the condition of our jjresent hotels, taken in the aggregate :

The number of hotels is twenty -two. The amount of capital employed in them is §177,000, Thej' have 854 rooms, and em- ploy 265 hands. Their rates arc from §1 to §3 per day. The value of real estate occupied is §453,000, and the amount of business done in 1872 was §295,560.20.

The Ice Trade. — We have three dealers in ice, who give con- stant work to thirty hands, and employ a capital of §25,000. The value of the ice business done in 1872, was estimated at $45,900.

Loan Offices. — There are three of these in the city. Their invested cash capital is $5,000, and their annual business trans- actions cover the amount of §23,000.

Leather AND Findings. — Thistradv has six establishments in the city, which do, in the aggregate, an extensive business. They emiiloy a cash capital of §47",000, and seventeen persons, and carr)- an average stock of $61,000. Their combined sales in 1S72 amounted to §262,000.

TRADE. 581

Livery Stables. — The number of liveiy stables in the city is eighteen, whose employed cash capital is $5(i,000, and the ag- gregate of whose business, in 1872, was about $66,000,

MiLLiNEEY. — There are seventeen millinery establishments in this city, who have employed an aggregate capital amounting to 865,000, and give emplovment to sixty-eight persons; their sales for 1872 amounted to Si70,000.

Notions. — "We have two large notion houses, having a cash capital invested of $67,000, and an average stock of $100,000 on hand, while giving emialoyment to twentv-three persons. Their sales for 1872 amounted to $200,000.

Pianos and Organs. — There are in the city at present in this line three dealers and one manufacturer of organs. These tour establishments have a cash capital invested of $57,000 ; they give employment to twenty -seven persons, and their business transactions amounted, in 1872, to $310,000.

Sewing Machines. — The extent of the business done here may be inferred from the fact that it rec^uircs for its prosecution an invested capital of $153,500 ; gives employment to one hun- dred and four persons ; and in 1872 its transactions in the way of trade reached an aggregate of $730,000.

Saloons and Eestaurants. — In these establishments Colum- bus is not a whit behind any of her sister cities. She has an ample number of them, no less than one hundred and twenty- seven. These establishments in our city have a cash capital emploj-ed of $47,000, and keep actively engaged two hundred and nineteen persons. The business done by them in 1872 amounted to $228,000.

Saddles, Harness, and Horse-collars. — In the manufac- ture and dealing in these articles, there are in the citj' eleven different establishments, which have an aggregate cash capital invested of $15,800 ; they afford employment to thirty-two men, and made sales in 1872, amounting in the aggregate to $35,000.

Undertaking. — There are establishments in this branch of business in Columbus that will compare favorably with any others in the country. The number of these establishments in the city is seven, employing a capital of $29,000. The amount of the business done by them in 1872 is estimated at $65,000.

Jewelry, Watches, Clocks, etc. — The number of dealers in this line is thirteen, who employ a cash capital of $57,000, and occupy real estate to the value of $53,000. They employ twenty- one hands, and have on hand an average stock of $72,000. The business done in 1872 amounted to $129,000.

582 TRADE.

Wines and LiQrjoRs. — We have three houses, doinij an exten- sive wholesale business exclusively in this line, and eight houses in the same business in connection with the grocery trade. The capital employed in the wholesale wine and liquor trade is 829,000, and the number of hands engaged is sixteen. The value of the real estate occupied is §48,000, and the amount of stock invested in the business is 839.500. The value of the business done in 1872 is estimated at §110,000.

ADVERTISEMENTS.

583

m%'% 4 il^^ <^^t^i«IJ^>

Three Miles from Columbas, Obio.

This establishment, recently erected and incorporated by the State Legis- lature, is under the superintendence of the Dominican Sisters.

This new and spacious building is situated about three miles east of the city. A more beautiful site for a Literary Institution could not have been selected. The grounds being elevated and extensive, aiford ample room for recreation and healthful exercise.

The buildings are large and commodious, and are well arranged for an extensive boarding school, having all the modern improvements for heat and ventilation.

The Academy will be open for the reception of pupils at any time during the year; but it is much to their advantage to enter at the commencement of the session. The location is easy of access from all parts of the country, by good roads; and the Central Ohio Railroad will have a station within a quarter of a mile of the Institution.

The Academy is well provided with competent and experienced Teachers, who will spare no pains to render the Institution worthy of extensive pat- ronage, and whose constant efforts will be to form the hearts of youth to virtue; to imbue their minds with useful knowledge, so as to fit them for the various duties of after-life ; and train them to early habits of order and economy.

The discipline of the school is firm, but uniform and parental. Constant attention will be given to the neatness, health, and comfort of the pupils. The managers of the Institution are Catholic; but no undue influence will be used to change the creed or religious principles of the pupils. Reg- ularity and good order, however, require that all the pupils assist at the public exercises on Sunday.

The course of instruction embraces all the requirements of a thorough education, fitting the pupil for the highest social cii'cle, or for the office of Teacher; but it may be modified to suit the wishes of parents, or the cir- cumstances of the scholar. For this purpose, the course of studies is di- vided into four departments — each department having a distinct class of studies assigned to it.

The Academic year consists of bvo sessions of five months each. The first commences on the first Monday of September, and the second on the first Monday of February. On the last Thursday of June, after a thorough examination of the classes, crowns and premiums will be awarded to those who excel, and to such as are most exemplary in conduct and diligence. Diplomas will be awarded to Graduates.

In order to guard against improper correspondence, all communications by letter will be subject to inspection.

There will be an annual vacation from the last Thursday in June to the first Monday in September.

The Academy is now under the auspices of the Rt. Rev. Bishop of Co- lumbus, Very Rev. Provincial of the Order of St. Dominic, Very Rev. S. A Clarkson, O. P., and the Rev. Clergymen of the Diocese of Columbus.

584 ADVEKTISEMENT8.

COURSE OF STUDY.

PBIMAET DEPAUTMENT.

Christian Doctrine, Arithmetic, Orthography, Reading, Music.

SECOND JUXIOU DEPAETMEXT.

Christian Doctrine, Orthography, Reading, Grammar, Arithmetic, Ger- man, French, Music and Sketching, Penmanship.

FIRST JUNIOE DEPARTMENT.

Christian Doctrine, Orthography, Reading, Islodern Geography, Gram- mar, Aids to Composition, U. S. Histor3-, Arithmetic, German, French, Penmanship, Music, Drawing.

SECOND SENIOR DEPARTMENT.

Christian Doctrine, Grammar. Rhetoric, Sacred and Profane History, Astronomy and Globe, Mythology, Arithmetic, Algebra, French, German, Penmanship, Music, Drawing.

FIRST SENIOR DEPARTMENT.

Christian Doctrine, Grammar, Rhetoric, Course ot" History, Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, Astronomy and Globe, Algebra. Geometry, French, German, Music, Drawing and Painting, Use of Philosophical, Chemical, and Astronomical Apparatus.

GRADUATES.

Christian Doctrine, Rhetoric and Criticism, Logic, Mental and Moral Philosophy', Book-keeping, French, German, Latin, Music, Drawing, and Painting, Use of Philosophical, Chemical, and Astronomical Apparatus, Use of a clioico Librarw

For Board and Tuition, per session, $70, $75. $So, $90, .according to the department of the pupil.

EXTRA CHARGES.

Latin, $5; Mu.sic on Piano, $15; Guitar. $5; Harp, $30; ^"ocal Music, $5; ITse of Piano, $.' ; Sketching. $3; Painting in M'ater Colors, $S ; Oil Painting. $jo ; Washing, $5 ; Bod and Bedding, $5 ; Books and Stationery, $5; board per month during \acalion, ifspent at the Academy (.including washing), $1.: ; embroidery and all kinds of needle-work taught free of charge; materials turnished by the pupil.

THE GREAT

NtTIONtl PllSS[llli[R iND FREIGHT ROUTE

Ami tlic Only Kond

RUNNING DIRECTS

To the

lAlIilll ilHf 11

Officers and Agents at all' Prominent Points.

The especial indueetnetits hy fJtis lAne for Traufiitortntion of Freights of all descriptions are —

QUICKTIME! CAREFUL HANDLING!

Prompt and Liberal Adjustment of Claims!

PASSEIVrCERS

Hi/ this TAne for JEaslern Cities Itave thf opjmftituity of visiting WASH- INWI'OIV CITY FKKE, and passiiif/ llirouf/li the Cities of linltimore and PhiJadolphia on the ronte, at the same rate of fare charf/ed by other lAnes.

TIIOS. K. SHARP, AB.i't Mnstnr of Transportation, Baltimore, Mil. W. 0. QUINCY, Gon'l Huimiinten.lont Oliio Divisions, Colnnjbns, 0. N. GUILFORD, Oouiiral Freight Agiut, Baltiinoro, Mil. L. M. COLE, Ocnoial Tickot AKint, Baltimori), Mtl, SIDNEY B. JONES, Onncral Puksiukii Aguiit, Cincinnati, O.

Office : Post-office Arcade.

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