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FIRST CORPS BADGE

First Division,. Red ; Second Division, White ; Third Division, Blue.

Second Vermont Brigade was in the First Corps, Third Division. The
12th, 13th, 14th, 15th and i6th Vermont Regiments constituted the Third Bri-
gade in the Third Division.

PICTORIAL HISTORY

Thirteenth Regiment

Vermont Volunteers

WAR OF J861-J865

^m,

s*

RALPH ORSON STURTEVANT, Historian

Dedicated to the sacred memory of the brave boys that volunteered and
served in the Thirteenth Vermont Regiment for the preservation of the Union
and the life of the Republic in the war of 1861-1865.

PREFACE

CHE principal reasons that induced and actuated the Thirteenth Vermont
Regimental Association to have written and published a history of the
Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers in the Civil War were to
place on perpetual record the names and some of the deeds of the brave boys
that volunteered at Country's call in defense of the right, the preservation of the
Union and the life of the Republic.

The author deems it proper to say in view of the brief term of service of
this regiment that quite likely a smaller book would have been in better taste,
and large enough for all proper mention of the part taken by the 13th Regiment
\'t. Vols, during its career as a regiment in the Civil War, had it not been de-
sirable to make the book a pictorial issue with genealogical and biographical
mention, personal reminiscences, a history of each company, numerous engrav-
ings, an account of the annual reunions of the regimental association and dedica-
tion of monuments at Gettysburg, Northfield and Colchester. Because of this
plan the historian found it impossible to issue the book so it would correspond
in size to the modest claims of this regiment for the part taken in the preserva-
tion of the Union.

This history is only a part of the events and daily occurrences while in camp,
hospital, on the picket line, the weary march, and on the battlefield of Gettysburg.

For forty-five years the survivors have anxiously waited for some familiar
pen to reproduce and place on record the story and experiences of those who
volunteered into this regiment. Yes, when all that served in this regiment have
joined the silent majority, then the sacrifices the)' made, the hardships and
dangers they endured, the courage and fortitude they manifested, the heroic
conduct they evinced and displayed, shall forever remain a just tribute and
deserving remembrance to their unselfish and patriotic devotion to home and
country. Not only the names and deeds herein mentioned but the forms and
faces so familiar in the old days when we wore the blue, and since the war will be
found indelibly printed in this book of history. The old camp scenes, landscapes,
springs, brooks and streams, once familiar, long since forgotten, will be repro-
duced in such vivid likeness and accuracy as to awaken afresh the memories of
the strenuous days when following the stars and stripes for the defense of the
right and preservation of the Union. Seven hundred pictures engraved by the
most skilful artists of the very best workmanship will appear interspersed
through the book regardless of cost, and effort to procure them. Sketches,
biographical and narrative, also quite extended company histories are made
prominent iii the book. An elaborate roster will appear, furnishing valuable
information concerning those who served in the Regiment. Also a sketch of our
Regimental Association and quite a number of engravings of large size with the

6 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers.

names of all that appear in the group pictures. The dedicatory ceremonies of
the monuments to Col. Francis V. Randall, Lieut. Col. William D. Munson and
the Regimental Monument on the battlefield of Gettysburg will be herein
published. Much indeed will appear of interest that need not be mentioned in
this preface. We regret that much of the material furnished is necessarily
abridged to avoid making the book too large.

Your Historian has realized from the first, the labor and responsibility
involved in preparation of a history that would fully tell the whole truth of the
creditable and di.'tinguished part taken by this regiment during their term of
service. There are others among the survivors that could have done far better.
But because selected and at the earnest request of some enthusiastic comrades
your historian was induced to accept the flattering compliment of writing a
regimental histor3^ Impossible for any to regret more sincerely than myself
the long dela}' of publication. Excuses, ever so meritorious avail but little and
therefore idle to make them. The task was greater than any surmised, and the
labor attending has been quite difficult and much more time has been required
than anticipated. All have been more than anxious for the distribution of this
historical work, because when we reflect that forty-five years ago, 1862-3, we
were following the stars and stripes, and the lapse of three score years
and ten has been reached by many of us, and we realize how short the
span and brittle the thread of life that now separates us from eternity
and are apprehensive we may be deprived of the privilege of seeing and
reading the creditable part taken while serving our country. The aim and
desire has been to erect by the publication of this book a monument to the
memory of the valiant heroes that in early manhood laid aside their cherished
hopes of success and honor, in civil life, and as true patriots volunteered to fight
in defence of liberty and the Union of States. The story herein told of the
conduct of this regiment at Gettysburg in the final charge into the valley of
Plum Run against General George E. Pickett's charging columns, must forever
remain glorious history and unique conduct in battle, a priceless legacv of valor
and victory, as lirilliant and important in its consequences as any chronicled on
the page of history. It was given to no single regiment during the civil war to
render such distinguished services and accomplish as much as Colonel Randall's
Green Mountain Boys at Gettysburg. What the Thirteenth A'ermont Regiment
did will ever be glorious and familiar history of state and nation. And as long
as civilization shall last will the heroic charge of the Second Vermont Brigade
stand as the most important and far reaching in its results of any during the
Civil War. The Thirteenth Regiment by its deeds fully justified the erection of
a monument on the battlefield of Gettysburg as a just tribute to heroic valor and
sublime fortitude in defence of equal rights and the perpetuation of the Union.
The author fully realizes that much has been said in this book of praise, but in
no sense to make invidious comparisons with other regiments from ^'ermont or
other states. The true history of the Thirteenth Regiment though it took part
in only one great battle (Gettysburg), won sufficient glory in a single hour in its
charge against General Pickett's flank to justify all that has been said by your
historian. There was plenty of glory on that bloody field, and those who saw
the closing scenes, (the officers of both armies) say that General George J.

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers. 7

Stannard's Second Vermont Brigade in its charge on General Pickett's right
flank secured final victory at Gettysburg, and turned the tide of battles for the
Union. The Thirteenth Vermont Regiment was on the right of General
Stannard's Brigade and first on General Pickett's right flank, and hence won its
full share of glory in the most important and the turning battle of the Civil War.
The author is pleased to announce that the history of the Thirteenth
Regiment Vermont Volunteers is written, and hopes when examined will meet
approval and expectations. Many unexpected questions have arisen interrupt-
ing progress and delaying publication at the dates promised. It was the judg-
ment of the Committee that the pictorial feature of our book be made as complete
as possible and therefore a large number of pictures have been added to the list
since the annual session at Waitsfield in June, 1907. Companies B, C, H and I
are quite complete, especially B and I. Impossible to procure a complete list of
all that served but the number .secured is much larger than at first thought
possible. This feature is the most valuable and attractive. The engravings are
artistic and reproduce the comrades (the living and the dead) perfect in form
and feature. In some cases old photos, and tintypes dim and scratched could
not be retouched by the engravers so as to give a good picture ; no one to blame,
and the few imperfect prints herein are thus accounted for. The pictorial part
of our book of h!.story will not fade or grow dim and will be as lasting as ink
and paper. It is a source of satisfaction and pride that, when (in the distant
future) as these pages are turned will be seen the gallant heroes of the Green
Mountain State that won world-wide renown and immortal glory on the battle-
field of Getty.sburg. Proper tribute and loving memory is made of the slain and
mortally wounded in battle, and those who died of disease contracted in the
service, during and since the war. The survivors, too, have received their just
and due meed of praise. The author does not forget the valuable assistance
rendered him in the preparation of this book of history, nor the kind admoni-
tions, words of cheer and encouragement, the loyal support, financial and other-
wise, and for all of which, tenders his sincere thanks. The author would not
omit to mention the valuable assistance generously given by the son of Lieut.
Bancroft, of Co. I., Charles DeF. Bancroft, of ?vIontpelier, for his diligent search
and successful eft'orts in securing a large number of pictures of those who served
in Companies B, C, H and I, also for valuable work on the rosters of these
companies. His interest and zeal and adaptation have contributed much to the
pictorial value of our history and will I know be appreciated by all. The for-
bearance and patient waiting of my comrades has been a solace in the weary
hours of labor and discouragement in the endeavor to discharge the difficult and
responsible task so generously committed to my charge. Your historian hopes
and expects that when you shall have seen and read this book of history you will
accord him the tribute of faithful endeavor to perpetuate the true story of the
part taken by our regiment in the Civil War. And if my humble eff^orts have in
a slight degree satisfied your expectations and contributed a little of the honorable
service rendered to our country, then may I well felicitate myself and my com-
rades in the laudable enterprise of publishing a history of the Thirteenth
Regiment Vermont Volunteers in the War of 1861-1865.

BATTLE-HYMN OF THE REPUBLIC

Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord :
He is tramping out the vintage where the grapes of wrath are stored;
He hath loosed the fateful lightning of his terrible swift sword:
His truth is marching on.

I have seen him in the watch-fires of a hundred circling camps;
They have builded him an altar in the evening dews and damps;
I can read his righteous sentence by the dim and flaring lamps;
His day is marching on.

I have read a fiery gospel, writ in burnished rows of steel:
"As ye deal with my contemners, so with you my grace shall deal;
Let the Hero, born of woman, crush the serpent with his heel,
Since God is marching on."

He has sounded forth the trumpet that shall never call retreat;
He is sifting out the hearts of men before his judgment-seat;
O, be swift, my soul, to answer him! be jubilant, my feet!
Our God is marching on.

In the beauty of the lilies Christ was born across the sea,
With a glory in his bosom that transfigures you and me;
As he died to make men holy, let us die to make men free,
While God is marching on.

Julia Wakd Howe.

ILLUSTRATIONS

CHE pictures furnished from which engravings were to be made to print
the half tones for our book were generally good, especially those of
recent date. Many of the old war-time ambrotypes, tintypes and photo-
graphs were in bad condition, bent, wrinkled, scratched, faded and otherwise
injured, making it impossible to secure good results. Only a few were discarded
as useless by the engravers which was a disappointment and regret. Others had
to be retouched at considerable expense in order to produce fairly good half-
tone pictures. The utmost attention was given that the half-tone pictures should
be first-class, considering this feature of the work very important. The engrav-
ings were considerably larger than at first intended and therefore much better,
though more expensive. Pictures of comrades, camps and battlefields, inter-
spersed in connection with important events mentioned and in which the comrades
took part in the sanguinary struggle for humanity and the preservation of home
and Country, are of the most valuable modes of illustrating and perpetuating
military hii:tory. The utmost care therefore actuated the committee in making
the contract for the engravings, with an experienced and reputable firm regard-
less of cost. The Albany Engraving Company of Albany, N. Y., were given
the contract. The number of pictures large and small that will appear in this
book is 700. The size of the portrait pictures is 2>V2 ^ ^V\i inches and the larger
ones are mostly 8 x 5^/2 inches.

The larger pictures take a single page and of the portraits four will
generally appear on a page. The portraits are square, oval and half round
finish, so made to give variety and because condition of original pictures, in
some cases, requiring it to obtain better half-tone prints. War-time pictures
of old camps, only a few could be found and these appear.

I am quite sure none were taken of Camp Vermont when the regiment was
there, nor of our Camp at Fairfax Court House. Some of recent date have
been secured by Comrade Marsh of the Committee at considerable expense, of
the several camps as they now appear and will be printed in the book more
because of sentiment and historical reference than because anything about them to
remind one of the old camps occupied forty-five years ago. Time has made
such great changes that it is difficult to even locate the old camp grounds.

ABRAHAM LIiXCOLN THIi SIXTEENTH PRESIDENT OF THE

UNITED STATES, 1861-1865.

AS ME LOOKED IN 1862.

War President of the United States, i86i-i86§ ii

AJBRAHAM LINCOLN was a self-made man, born in obscurity, reared in
f I poverty, and unaided, forged his way from a log hut in the wilderness
of Kentucky, onward and upward, until he attained the Presidency of
the great American Republic. He was inaugurated March 4th, 1861, assassinated
April 14th, 1865, only a few days subsequent to the surrender of the Confederate
Armies and declaration of peace. He was twice elected President of the United
States of America, and successfully sailed the Ship of State through the
tempestuous seas of secession and rebellion, and with patriotic courage and
devotion, and masterful ability overcame and subdued the most gigantic inter-
necine war of history. He was a man of the people, the conspicuous commoner
of his generation magnanimous, honest, and born with a heart that ever pulsated
with sorrow for the unfortunate, and distressed. His lofty ambition culminated
in the immortal proclamation of the Emancipation of American Slavery. No
man ever accomplished so much for the immortal principles of humanity and
justice. He still lives in the hearts of all that hate bondage and love liberty,
and will until the end of time. His sublime conviction of right and wrong, his
noble aspirations, his mighty grasp of the great problems that agitated the public
conscience and the affairs of government, and threatened to assail and dissolve
the union pre-eminently qualified President Lincoln for the herculean and super-
human task of saving the Union. This great man of the Republic from early
manhood had given his brilliant mind to the careful study of the questions so
forcibly expressed in the Constitution that bound us together, that made him
above all men of his day the safe commander of the Ship of State. His brilliant
career, and what he did, unquestionably gives him a place second to none of the
great and distinguished Presidents of the United States of America.

He zealously sought to be right and just and had the courage of his convic-
tions. His life and character has ever been, and will continue to be the inspira-
tion for the youth of this land to emulate and magnify.

Such men leave behind them a legacy of inestimable and imperishable value.
The goal of his sublime ambition was equality and justice. These immortal
attributes prompted and controlled his public and private life. This great
leader of the Republican Party as President of the United States so directed the
affairs of government in the early days of his administration, when assailed by
treason and almost overcome by disaster and discouragement, as to save and
preserve the Union. His conduct of the war fully justifies the statement that
he was the foremost man of his day and generation. He was truly called for the
great work he accomplished. His solicitude and great anxiety during the Gettys-
burg Campaign, his wrestling with the God of battles for victory, demonstrated
his sublime faith in an overruling Providence. He was a Christian Hero and
believed in the efficacy of prayer. His glorious memory, his deeds, will be
cherished by all true patriots for ever and ever. He had accomplished his divine
mission. His work was finished and he was prepared for the great and awful
sacrifice on the altar of his country. Not one of all the good and distinguished
men of this mighty and rnagnificient Republic has left behind a more inspiring
and elevating influence upon the world than Abraham Lincoln. His greatness
is measured by the needs of the whole human family to hasten the day of the
brotherhood of man and the fatherhood of God.

ERASTUS FAIRBANKS, WAR GOVERXOR
OF VERMONT, 1861.

JJ'ar Governors of Vermont, 1861. 13

eRASTUS FAIRBANKS, of St. Johnsbury, was the first war Governor of
Vermont, and was elected in September, i860, and held office for one
year. He had served the State as Governor previously for one year,
being elected in September, 1852. His second administration was attended with
the most important questions that had occurred since Vermont's admission into
the Union.

The announcement of secession and adoption of ordinances of state
sovereignty was a realization that Governor Fairbanks did not expect, and was
very slow to believe though treasonable would culminate in war. Therefore,
when the first hostile shell that was sent hissing and screeching over the blue
waters of Charleston Harbor in the early gray of morning against Fort Sumter,
April 12, 1861, Vermont was not prepared to respond as promptly to President
Lincoln's first call for troops as other states. However this overt and wicked
act dispelled every doubt and aroused the Governor to immediate action that
Vermont m'ght be ready to respond when called upon. Governor Fairbanks
was a fine Christian gentleman and of the old type of highly honorable citizens
and as firm and steadfast in his convictions of right and wrong as the green hills
among which he lived.

The people of Averment as with a single voice rose to the importance and
necessity of strenuous action, party lines found no place among the people, only
one thought animated all, namely, suppress the rebellion and punish the traitors.
Governor Fairbanks now issued a proclamation calling a special session of the
Legislature which was the first of any governor convening its Legislature to
prepare for war. And from this time until the close of his term of ofifice, none
more assiduously applied honest effort and devotion that his state might be
ready to respond to each and every call promptly, and to the uttermost discharged
every duty in order that the dark and wicked scheme of treason might be des-
troyed, the Union preserved and the reputation of the Green Mountain State
sustained. He entertained the hope that the call of President Lincoln for
75,000 troops would be sufficient to restore peace and order. So sanguine was
his conviction that war would be ended in 90 days, that he disbanded a company
recruited by W. D. Munson of Colchester for artillery service, thinking it un-
necessary to be at the expense to purchase cannon and otherwise equip for the
field. It is proper to here state that Governor Fairbanks both in and out of
office put forth his great influence financially and otherwise in prosecution
of the war until the enemy was subdued and peace declared. While he was not
the most able of Vermont's distinguished Governors, yet he was second to none
in philanthropy as evidenced by his many generous bequests. His administra-
tion was creditable, patriotic and satisfactory. He stood high in the estimation
of all Vermonters, and maintained this reputation to the end of life.

FREDERICK IIOLBROOK, SECOND WAR GOVERNOR
OE VERMONT, 1861-1863.

War Governors of Vermont, 1861. 15

TREDERICK HOLBROOK was elected Governor of Vermont in Septem-
ber, 1861, re-elected in September, 1862, serving two terms. The
Second Vermont Brigade was composed of the 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th and.
i6th Vermont Regiments, and recruited under the administration of Governor
Holbrook.

The urgent call made by President Lincoln on Governor Holbrook for
Vermont's quota under this particular call was so promptly complied with as to-
assure the President that Vermont's war Governor was fully alive to the mighty
struggle for National existence and the great responsibilities resting on him as-
Governor of Vermont. The war had been in progress only a few months at the
date when Governor Holbrook first assumed office, October 10, 1861. First Bulf
Run, July 21, 1861 was the only great battle that had been fought, and this a
humiliating defeat and in fact the mighty contest had just begun, and Governor
Holbrook in common with the other war Governors of the New England States
comprehended the magnitude of the fearful struggle that must ensue in order to-
preserve the Union and sustain the integrity of the administration of President
Lincoln and therefore as a true patriot he addressed himself with great energy
to the single and most important question, the preparation for the preservation;
of the Union and defense of Country. He was the trusted adviser of President
Lincoln during the darkest days of the Rebellion from October, 1861, to October,
1863. It is claimed that more volunteers went to the front from Vermont under
his administration and more commissions were signed by him than both of the
other war Governors of our state. He was Governor when the 12th, 13th, 14th,
15th and i6th regiments were recruited and sent to the front, and the boys of
the 13th regiment who rendezvoused at his home town, Brattleboro, Vermont,
on their way to Washington were encouraged by his cheering words of advise-
and the glad and hearty welcome given on our way to Washington, and on our
return to be mustered out. His words of praise for the distinguished service-
rendered on the great battletield of Gettysburg, was an eloquent compliment, for
he said "you have accomplished wonders and the Second Vermont Brigade is-
given the credit of the defeat of General Pickett in the sanguinary struggle at
Gettysburg, and final victory in General Lee's last great effort on that momentous
battlefield. He fully realized that these regiments though young in years and
inexperienced in battle accomplished more in a single hour at the close of the
three days of fearful struggle when they met the flower of General Lee's great
army led by his especially chosen officer. General Pickett, than some brigades
during their term of service.

Governor Holbrook during his two terms of office fully met every respons-
ibility and discharged every duty to state and nation in such a manner as to-
secure deserving credit to himself and honor to the state he served. This grand'
old man still lives in Brattleboro, Vermont, and is the oldest of the surviving
War Governors of that most eventful period of our National existence, the CiviL
War.

JOHN GREGORY SMITH, WAR GOVERNOR
OF VERMONT, 1863-1865.

JVar Governors of Vermont 1863-186^. 17

«OHN GREGORY SMITH, of St. Albans, Vermont, was elected Governor
I in September, 1863, and re-elected in September, 1864, serving two terms.
*^ He was representative from St. Albans in the Legislature convened in
annual session, October, i860. He was at this time a rising, and one of the
leading lawyers of the State, and also trustee of the Vermont and Canada R. R.
His ability, suavity, commanding presence and business relations secured to him
at once a prominent position in the political and business affairs of the state. He
was an influential member of the Legislature assembled in annual session,
October, i860, and took an active and conspicuous part in the deliberations of
the extra session called by Governor Fairbanks only a few days after the assault
on Fort Sumter to consider measures pertaining to the then pending conflict
between some of the Southern states and the general government. Mr. Smit'h,
of St. Albans was speaker of the House for the annual sessions of 1861 and
1S62 in which capacity he displayed that wonderful executive ability that made
him a successful man in the management of great business enterprises, especially
railroad developments in \'ermont and the great west. From the commence-
ment of the Civil AVar to its close, he with patriotic devotion gave his ability
and untiring energy to the prosecution of the war in order that the wicked
rebellion might be subdued and the Union preserved. J-Iis commanding position
in the political, social and business affairs of the State frequently called him into
the councils of the nation during the progress of the war. President Lincoln
often consulted his war governor, John Gregory Smith of Vermont and entrusted
to him the mighty problems that burdened his heart for his opinion. Governor
Smith was a frequent visitor in Washington and at the A\'hite House. He
visited the hospitals, the camps, especially where the boys from \ ermont were to
be found, ever on the alert to see what could be done to improve conditions, to
encourage and cheer Vermonters that were in the service.

Governor Smith was very proud of the valiant service and unparalleled
record made by the sons of A'ermont on the many battlefields in which they took
part. He appreciated their unselfish devotion to their country, and never forgot
to recognize and reward, so far as possible, all who volunteered from the State
of Vermont. The uniform was a pass on his railroads to the soldier on his way
to the front or returning home from the dreaded hospital, or wounded from the
field of battle. He was one of the noble men of our state that did much to buoy
up the hopes of President Lincoln during the last two years of the war. Nearly
all of the military organizations from \'ermont had companies or parts of com-
panies from St. Albans, the home town of Governor Smith, and the long list of
boys from St. Albans who received commissions was a flattering compliment to
their valor, and appreciation of their services by the Governor. The writer was
personally acquainted with Governor Smith from the time he was Governor to
the end of his remarkable career and knows whereof he speaks. Of his many
virtues and noble characteristics, I have mentioned only a few. It is proper to
say that Governor John Gregory Smith was one of the great men of Vermont
and the peer of any in his day and generation.

BREVET MAJOR-GKNERAL GEORGE JERRISON STANNARD

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers. 19

6EORGE JERRI SON STANNARD was born in the town of Georgia,
Vermont, October 20, 1820. Educated in the common schools and at
Bakersfield and Georgia Academies. As a boy worked on his father's
farm summers and attended school winters. Also taught district schools and
acquired quite a reputation as such. In early manhood a martial spirit developed
and he joined the military organizations of his day becoming quite noted and was
at the commencement of the Civil War, Colonel of a regiment of the State militia.
When the news of firing on Fort Sumter reached St. Albans, Vermont, where
he then lived and was engaged in business, he at once tendered his services to
Governor Fairbanks, anxious to take part in the suppression of the pending
rebellion, and it is said was the first man in Vermont to volunteer. He was
commissioned Lieut. Colonel of the first three years regiment from the State,
the Second A'ermont Volunteers; was commissioned on June 6, 1861, and was
present with his regiment in the sanguinary battle of First Bull Run, July 21,
1861 ; was promoted and commissioned as Colonel of the Ninth Regiment Ver-
mont Volunteers, JNIay 1862; was commissioned in March 1863 as brigadier
general of volunteers and assigned to the command of the Second Vermont
Brigade composed of the I2th, 13th, 14th, 15th and i6th regiments.

It was while in command of the Second Vermont Brigade he won his greatest
honor, though his career from first Bull Run to Fort Harrison was brilliant and
highly creditable. He was endowed with the same indomitable courage and
intuitive knowledge of right and ju.stice that was born and bred in the hero of
Ticonderoga, Ethan Allen. History gives General Stannard the credit of
originating the manoeuvre against General George E. Pickett's right flank that
secured victory at the greatest and most important battle (Gettysburg) in the
Civil War. His fame as a military genius and intrepid leader extended beyond
the boundaries of his native land. His name will ever be associated with victory
at Gettysburg. He was the most distinguished officer in the volunteer service
from A'ermont. His native state, Vermont, was ever proud of his achievements
and as a tribute to his valor and soldierly career, by its Legislature made an
appropriation for the purchase of the spot where born and the erection of a
monument to his memory. He led the advance with the Tenth and Eightenth
Corps against the defences of Richmond and captured Fort Harrison, and his
gallant conduct was recognized by being commissioned a Brevet Major General
of Volunteers. It was at Fort Harrison while resisting an assault by Generals
Hoke and Field to recapture, he lost his right arm, but continued in the service
until February, 1866. General Stannard's military career was quite remarkable
and very successful. His merits as an honorable and upright citizen was recog-
nized after the war by civil positions of honor and trust. He was modest,
unassuming and generous, and never forgot the common soldier that served in
his' commands. Titles and honors did not change his manly qualities or lead him
to forget his friends and acquaintances of youth and early manhood. He was a
true patriot, a splendid soldier and honest man. Editor.

COLONEL FRANCJS VOLTAIRB RANDALL.
1862.

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers.

21

fRANCIS \'OLTAIRE, the fourth child of the twelve children of Gurdon
and Laura Scott Randall, was born in Braintree, Orange Counti% Vt.,
on the 13th day of February, 1824. He died on IMarch i, 1885, at
Northfield, Vt.

His education was such as the common schools and academies of that early
period afforded. It was sufficient, however, to enable him to teach school in
the winter, when quite young, a habit both helpful and entertaining. Summers
he either worked on a farm, or with his father who was a carpenter and builder
by trade.

But young Randall was not designed for either or any of these occupations
as a business for life; and chose rather to enter upon the study of law, which
he did in the office of Heman Carpenter, Esq., a practitioner of eminence at
the time.

Admitted to the bar he soon found himself engaged in a lucrative and
agreeable practice at the Washington County bar.

Of a naturally hopeful disposition and buoyant spirit, he made friends
everywhere, having a cordial greeting for everybody whom he chanced to meet.
Being a democrat of the old school in those early days, as was his father before
him, and living in a town where old fashioned democracy was popular,
it was but natural that this young lawyer of force and purpose should find his
way to a share in political preferment. Prominent among these were state's
attorney, member of the legislature, and in the administration of Franklin
Pierce, postmaster.

The independent quality of his thought and action was made the more
manifest when at the call of his country for men to put down incipient rebellion,
Mr. Randall, notwithstanding his party affiliations, made prompt answer and
offered himself for the service.

The 2d Vermont Regiment was mustering at Burlington where he reported
for duty, and entering Company F, was chosen to be its captain.

The regiment had its first sanguinary baptism at Bull Run ; it was indeed a
baptism of blood, but Capt. Randall came out of it with some new light on real
warfare and a settled purpose to see further service. Indeed, military life
seems to have become a fascination with him, and when the 13th Vermont was
organized he was selected to take the command.

His earlier experience with the 2d Vermont now stood him in good stead ;
for the battle of Bull Run, though rated as a defeat for the Union arms, was
in fact a real success ; for the reason that though Anctory seemed to be with the
enemy, the fight had shown to both officers and men that the success of an army
depends not only on courage and high purpose, but strict discipline and care-
ful drill. On that disastrous field, and in the face of an enemy who had been
for a long time trained for real service, there was born to the Union army a
new thought, and to the people of the North as well. Some of us still remem-
ber how glibly it was predicted that 75,000 men would suppress the rebellion;
we recall, too, with what mortification the morning after the battle we read of
the inglorious result.

LIEUT. COL. ANDREW C. BROWN.
1863.

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers. 23

But that lesson was just what was needed on the north side of Mason &
Dixon's Hue. To the country and the great cavtse really before it the experience
of defeat at the very threshold of the struggle was not defeat, but victory.

The loyal people of the Union had now begun to realize the magnitude and
determination of the rebellion that confronted the government. Secession was
no bluff; its defeat would be no child's play. But there was no faltering. Men
were called for again and again and again ; the army was organized, troops
were drilled, and equipment provided as rapidly as possible.

It is a matter of civic pride with Vermonters that she stood foremost in
prompt and complete response to every call.

In due course the 13th Vermont was recruited and organized, and as before
stated Colonel Randall took command.

It does not perhaps become this paper to speak more than in general terms
of the wisdom of the choice. Better that the men who served under him should
testify of his soldierly qualities, both in camp and in battle. That he won,
and never lost, the fullest confidence of the regiment has been told and retold
by those who knew him under the trying ordeal of actual warfare ; and as a
lasting tribute to his memory his comrades in arms have erected a monument
over his grave, speaking forth to all who shall look upon it, the loyal devotion
and afifectionate regard in which Colonel Randall was held by them.

At Gettysburg the 13th Vermont had its opportunity. Other regiments in
the old Vermont Brigade wrought valiantly, but none, at that critical moment
when the fate of the Confederacy was sealed, eclipsed the heroism of the 13th ;
but there was glory enough on that July day for all who took part in that
decisive battle. In all future time Gettysburg would stand conspicuous in the
annals of the world's great battles.

But armed resistance to lawful authority was not yet wholly overcome,
for as the event proved, there was yet to be nearly two years more of dreadful
strife before the work so heroically set forward on that bloody field would be
finished. In that time progress was making toward the ultimate overthrow
of organized rebellion. General Grant had now been placed in command of
the entire military force of the nation, and early in 1864 took immediate over-
sight of the army under General Mead in what was locally called the Wilder-
ness ; from which circumstances the battles fought there have been known in
history as the Battles of the Wilderness.

In preparation for this campaign fresh troops had been ordered out, and
to hasten this forward Colonel Randall had been called home to recruit the
17th Vermont.

So great, however, was the urgency for more men at the front, that raw
recruits were pushed forward in squads to be absorbed into depleted commands,
and in their turn slain so rapidly that when the full number of the regiment had
been enrolled, if memory serves well, the Colonel's commission was issued by
special order. He then joined the regiment at the front, remaining with it and
sharing its fortunes before Petersburg, at its capture, the fall of Richmond,
and so on to Lee's surrender, on April 9th, 1865, at Appomattox.

Thus the active military career of Colonel Randall came to an end. The
great army, on being mustered out, returned to peaceful avocations — the

LIEUTENANT COLONEL ANDREW C. BROWN.
1907.

The Thirteenth Regiment J'erniont Vohintecrs. 25

Colonel with the rest. The remainder of his life was spent in the practice of
law, in farming, and miscellaneous pursuits, but always with intelligent pur-
pose and useful results. He at length settled in Northfield, and for a period
acted as president of Norwich University, which had recently been established
there. Never losing his interest in the old comrades in arms, he frequently
made tours among them, lecturing before their local organizations, as occasion
might be ; and there was nothing he enjoyed more than to meet with them, re-
counting the many interesting incidents of camp life and battlefield. At last,
however, the strain had been too great ; the strong man had become weakened.
Absent from his home on one of his tours, he was smitten by disease, and
hastened back to his family, where after a few days, the end came. On a
winter's day, with suitable military honors and religious service, his body was
borne to its last resting place among the hills that had been so long familiar
to his eye and so dear to his heart.

Colonel Randall had been twice married. By his first wife he had two
sons, Charles W. and Francis V., Jr., both well known to the old soldiers,
and a daughter who died quite young. By the second, three sons, Phil.
Sheridan, Gurdon Colby, and Luther Volney. "Charley" was a lieutenant in
Companies G and C, 13th and 17th Vermont Regiments. Seriously diseased in
the service, his health was so impaired that on his return to his native state, and
after a brief career in business, he was obliged to succumb, and passed on to
his reward.

Francis V., Jr., familiarly known as "Jim" or "Jimmy", having followed
his father to the front — without invitation — was enlisted as a drummer, and
was one of the very young lads — if not the youngest of them all — who were
in the service. He will be remembered by the veterans as a somewhat remark-
able boy.

Rev. Edward Herbert Randai,!,.

LIEUT. COL. WILLIAM DAY MUNSON.

1863.

The Thirteenth Regiment Vennont Volunteers. 27

COLONEL RANDALL'S Green Mountain Boys of The Thirteenth Ver-
mont Regiment in the War of 1861-1865, volunteered from the Counties
of Chittenden, FrankHn, Grand Isle, Lamoille and Washington, in August
and September, 1862. They were bold and sturdy sons of patriotic horny
handed fathers and mothers and intensely loyal to State and Country. From
childhood they had listened morning and evening to earnest and eloquent appeals
to be divinely led in the path of right and duty. Their love of home and its
associations were so strong and holy, they would freely sacrifice even life in
defence of honor and right. There was no place so dear to them as where born
and reared. They were pure in thought, honest and lofty in purpose, generous
and kind, anxious to fulfil to the uttermost every honorable duty regardless of
consequences. They had been brought up in the fear of God and practice of
the golden rule. Sainted mothers had told of the landing of Liberty, immortal
Liberty, at Plymouth Rock, and all it cost to secure and maintain it. Yes they
were quite familiar with all that had occurred from the discovery of the New
World by Christopher Columbus to the firing of the first hostile gun at Fort
Sumter, and therefore all that was noble and sublime in their manhood was
stirred with patriotic solicitation for the life and preservation of the Union.
The Stars and Stripes, that glorious emblem of freedom and union, had been
tattered by shot and shell by a wicked and designing foe on many a gory field,
and now these valiant sons of the Old Green Mountain State were ready to lay
aside the pursuits of peace and happiness and go forth in mortal combat in the
defence of home, freedom, honor and the preservation of the Union. These
stalwart boys were of the first families of Vermont, free born and well bred,^
upright and in every way honorable, full of life and fun and all fresh from the
plow, shops, stores, schools, pulpit and bar, and without experience on the field
of battle; and yet courageously stepped to the front in response to Abraham
Lincoln's urgent call for 300,000 nine months' men. This regiment and four
others from Vermont were recruited under President Lincoln's call dated August
4, 1862, urging the loyal states to hasten troops forward to Washington for
there was imminent danger of the capture of the Capital City of the Nation.

The great and important battles thus far fought by the Army of the Potomac
were signal failures, and President Lincoln was disappointed, almost overcome
with grief and sorrow ; his mighty and valorous army of the Potomac had been
vanquished on many sanguinary fields and many thousands had been killed and
wounded, and thousands more died of disease. Fort Sumter's walls had been
leveled to the sea; and its buildings fired by shot and shell. Harpers Ferry with
its millions of munitions of war had been abandoned and burned without an
effort to defend or protect. The two great battles of Bull Run had been fought
on the gory plains of Manassas, and the federal armies under the command of
General Irwin McDowell and General John Pope had been defeated with fearful
loss of life and property, utterly dismayed, routed on the field of battle and driven
in confusion back within the defences of Washington.

General George B. McClellan's campaign to capture Richmond by way of
Yorktown and the Peninsula gave promise of success, and animated the heart of
President Lincoln and strengthened his confidence that the Confederate Capital

LIEUT. COL. WILLIAM DAY MUNSON.
1900.

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont J'olitnteers. 29

would be captured, the enemy defeated and dispersed and armed rebellion over-
thrown and peace restored. But this attempt to capture Richmond was an awful
failure and a great calamity to the nation, a humiliating and grievous disappoint-
ment to the President, his cabinet, the officers, and rank and file of this magnificent
army, and the patriotic people of the loyal states. The war of the Rebellion had
been waged for more than a year, a million volunteers had been mustered into the
army and navy, numerous battles had been fought on land and sea, mighty efforts
had been put forth, great armies equipped, drilled and mobilized and ready for
aggressive operations that treason might be subdued, and peace declared.
General jNIcClellan in his campaign "of on to Richmond" had an army of more
than one hundred thousand strong, and well prepared for offensive warfare. It
was a grand and mighty army, intelligent and patriotic, and no general ever had
such a soldiery, so devoted and with implicit confidence in their leader, never
doubting success and impatiently waited to be led on to Richmond. This army
Avas believed to be well nigh invincible and with General ]\lcClellan in command
the administration and the loyal people confidently looked forward to the capture
of Richmond, submission to civil authority, and the restoration of peace.

General McClellan was an educated soldier, and had fought in the Mexican
War and was one of the first commissioned major-generals after the fall of Fort
Sumter, and in his first command, the campaign of Western A'irginia, dis-
tinguished himself with great ability, commanding the respect of President
Lincoln, and General Scott, and was called after the defeat of Bull Run, to the
command of the army of the Potomac, and by the President and his cabinet given
full power to make and execute his own plan of campaign, and yet the Peninsula
Campaign was an awful failure and a great calamity to the Xation, and this
magnificent army of the Potomac was defeated, driven back in confusion with
fearful slaughter, many thousands killed, wounded and captured, and thousands
more died of disease contracted in the pestilential swamps along the Chick-
ahominy. The morale of this valiant army was suddenly changed to doubt and
apprehension, disappointment and sorrow was an open book reflected in every
face. The battles of the campaigns to capture Richmond by the way of the
Peninsula and the valleys of Shenandoah and Northern A^irginia were signal
failures, and it does not matter here who was most to blame. The hard fought
battles at McDowell, Front Royal and Winchester, and in front of Richmond,
especially of Malvern Hill gave evidence of as good fighting officers and men
as had ever fought on any field ; they had been put to the supreme test
of ability and courage, and proved themselves equal to every demand. The plan
of the campaign to capture Richmond was better, it would seem, than its execu-
tion. It was a deplorable and expensive lesson. The administration, the valiant
armies, and the loyal people whose hopes and trust were so implicitly placed in
General McClellan and his mighty army of the Potomac were humiliated and
disheartened. No one had looked for such reverses, and all were deeply dis-
appointed. Notwithstanding the deplorable condition of afifairs, the loyal citizens
had no thought of compromise or surrender, nor did they doubt for a moment
the defeat of General Lee and his heroic armies, the final cajDture of Richmond
and honorable peace. Buoyed up with such high hopes of success on the opening
of the campaigns in the spring of 1862, it is no wonder that the disastrous and

MAJOR I,AWR1;nCI5 D. CI.ARK.
1862.

The Thirteenth Regiment J'ennont Volunteers. 31

terrible defeats, retreat from before Richmond, the defeat and route of second
Bull Run and the probable invasion into Mar3'land and capture of Washington
fell like a pall over the nation. Such in fact was the situation when President
Lincoln sent forth his anxious and hopeful proclamation for 300,000 volunteers
to serve nine months implying that the war would be over before their term of
service should expire. Under this call, the Thirteenth Regiment with four others
from Vermont were quickly enrolled, equipped and hastened forward to Wash-
ington. The loyal sons of the Green Mountain State nobly responded under this
urgent call, and within a few short weeks the 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th and i6th
regiments were recruited, mustered, equipped and sent forward and placed on the
front picket line near Bull Run battlefield in active service and holding important
positions. While these regiments were being recruited. General Pope, with his
army of Virginia, supported by the army of the Potomac, just returned from the
Peninsular campaign in the last days of August and the first day of September,
fought the battle of second Bull Run, and again on this fatal field, the union army
met unaccountable disaster and in confusion retreated back to the defenses of
Washington. Gen. Pope was not properly supported.

The signal and unlooked for victories of the Confederate armies had a
depressing effect, and many hesitated to volunteer into these Vermont regiments
now being recruited. Only the more courageous and brave stepped forward,
signed the enlistment rolls, laid aside their occupations, gave up their cherished
hopes and laudable ambition, abandoned homes, dear friends, surrendered all for
the single purpose of taking part in the sanguinary struggle for the preservation
of the Union. Each volunteer as he signed the roll and promised allegiance
silently said to his government "Here am I, take me, do with me as you please,
count not the cost of my life, my country I hold most dear."

Those who enlisted from Vermont into these regiments were (nearly all)
composed of such volunteers. They were intelligent, educated, honest, well bred,
sturdy sons of the best families in the Old Green Mountain State. Because of
these requisites no better soldiers fought in the battles for the Union. The State
of Vermont was justly proud of these regiments, and the Government more than
thankful for the prompt fulfilment of Vermont's quota under the President's
anxious call.

Some have attempted to make invidious distinction and comparison because
the term of service of these regiments was only nine months.

President Lincoln said, August 4th, 1862, "Nine months will end the war."
The sentiment and ardent hope of the loyal citizens was that the Rebellion would
be crushed and peace declared before the end of another year. Those who
enrolled under this call and into these regiments sincerely believed the war would
be over before their term of enlistment expired. All would have as freely
volunteered for three years or during the war as for nine months. The motives
that actuated the individuals were the true test of patriotism and devotion.
There was no time during the war when the cause for the Union seemed more
discouraging, and when there was greater need of unselfish devotion for present
and future welfare of the nation than the period when these five regiments were
recruited. They were all enrolled under th same call from all parts of the

MAJ. JOSEPH J. BOYNTON.
1863.

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers. 33

State during the months of August and Septemher, and the regiments were all
organized ready to be mustered into the U. S. service before October ist, 1862.

The Field and Staff Officers of these regiments were e(|ually competent,
and this statement applies more particularly to the Colonels of these regiments,
all of whom had seen service in the earlier A^ermont regiments.

The Line Officers as well as the Rank and File of these five Regiments were
all of the same general character and type and equally qualified, and suitable for
arduous warfare. No claim has ever been made of superiority of one regiment
over the other or that there was any difl^erence in the military ability and prowess
of the Colonels of these regiments. Opportunity, it is true came to some during
the service that others did not have, and it would be presumptuous to claim that
under like conditions and circumstances that all would not have shown the same
ability, courage and bravery and won like honor and approbation on the battle-
field.

The Historian of the Thirteenth Regiment is delegated with the responsi-
bility, of preparing a true history of the Thirteenth Vermont Regiment for publi-
cation. And he is expected to write somewhat in detail concerning the incidents,
peculiarities, character, and efficiency of the officers, the rank and file, soldierly
qualifications, and the daily happenings in camp, on the march, on the picket
line, in the hospital, the drill, routine duties, movements from place to place, and
the part taken, and service rendered, as a regiment while in the service.

In fact to prepare such a history as will refresh the memory, awaken scenes
when we wore the blue, bring to mind dear comrades, brave and true, long since
passed to; realms above, to make suitable mention of such, in fact to tell the
story, pertaining to this regiment, including that long weary and terrible seven
days' march from Virginia to Pennsylvania, and the part taken by this regiment
in the battle of Gettysburg.

In my endeavor to faithfully and impartially discharge the duties assigned,
I trust the reader will pardon special mention of some events, and persons, and
excuse omissions of others, for more than forty years have passed since those
eventful days, and we are compelled to rely almost entirely on memory, in refer-
ring to the less important matters and incidents connected with this regiment.

Immediately after receiving President Lincoln's call for Vermont's quota of
nine months' men. Governor Holbrook's general order number 13, dated August,
1862, was forwarded to the Selectmen of the several towns of the State, furnish-
ing information as to procuring the required number under the President's call
dated August 4th, 1862. Mass meetings were held in most of the towns of the
State under supervision and direction of the several boards of Selectmen, to
devise ways and means, to secure a sufficient number to avoid a draft.

These meetings were held in halls, churches, school houses, in such places
as would best accommodate the largest number, for the citizens were intensely
interested, and exceedingly anxious to do everything possible to sustain the State
and government, (and in haste) and, therefore, attended in great numbers.
Public speakers were engaged, that the people might be aroused to a realizing
sense of the impending danger, and duty; and to procure volunteers and avoid
the humiliation of a draft.

SURGEON GEORGE NICHOLS.
1862.

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers. 35

In this manner the whole State was suddenly aroused and awakened, and
stirred with patriotic devotion, and prepared for united effort for the preserva-
tion of the Union, regardless of cost and sacrifice. Fathers and sons, friends
and acquaintances, preachers and lawyers, business men, the farmers and
laborers, men and boys, old and young, gathered (intense emotion and determina-
tion could be seen in many faces) to listen, and in some way to take part in the
important and pressing business at hand.

No boisterous demonstrations characterized these assemblies. Solicitude
for the life of the Nation brought them together. The speakers were patriotic
and eloquent because of the subject that animated every heart and inspired every
tongue.

The Copperhead (and occasionally one was present) did not raise his
venomous voice in opposition, knowing full well that silence was his only safety.
Some too, were present that had participated in the blunders of the battles of
Big Bethel, First Bull Run and Warwick Creek, and passed through the san-
guinary battles of Lees Mills, Seven Pines, Williamsburg, Golding's Farm,
Savage .Station, Whiteoak Swamp, Malvern Hill, who from expiration of term
of service or on account of wounds and disease had returned to their homes.

The silent reserve of these veteran heroes and their animated faces were
more eloquent and convincing than the earnest speeches of the anxious and
enthusiastic citizens. The one thought that pervaded every brave and loyal
heart was, "Let us go forth at once in response to the President's urgent call, and
in defense of home and country." These gatherings of the people were different
than those in the spring of 1861 ; experience of bloody battles, defeat and disaster,
the prowess and bravery of the enemy, their success on many a battlefield had
wrought great changes and candid sober thought no less patriotic than the
impetuous spirit and devotion of the boys of 1861, now controlled judgment and
action, and they could see and comprehend more clearly than ever before the
gigantic struggle before them.

None but the truly self-sacrificing and brave now came forward and freely
offered their lives upon the altar of their country. Such enrolled from Vermont
in August and September, 1862, and such were Colonel Randall's Green Moun-
tain Volunteers. They had in them born and bred in the bone, the stuff that
heroes are made of.

In a few brief days the necessary number for the Thirteenth Regiment had
volunteered and on notice by the Selectmen and recruiting officers, assembled at
convenient places and oraginzed into companies.

Medical examinations soon followed, and then preliminary instructions in
military tactics. The several companies which were soon to be organized and
mustered as the Thirteenth Regiment were comparative strangers to each other,
but were noble volunteers that were soon to be united to make enviable and
glorious history for the State and Nation. These companies wer<- made up of
two of the uniform militia (the Emmet Guards of Burlington and Lafayette
Artillery of Calais), and eight of volunteer militia, all raised under Governor
Holbrook's general order No. 13.

The Emmet Guards and Lafayette Artillery on the organization of the
regiment were given the letters of A and LI respectively. The other companies.

SURGEON GEORGE NICHOLS.
1900.

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers. yj

B, Moretown Company, C, East Montpelier Company, D, Colchester Company, E,
Morristown Company, F, Richmond Company, G, Bakersfield Company, I, Mont-
pelier Company, and K, Highgate Company.

The companies were organized, and examined by expert physicians appointed
for the purpose prior to September i6th, and the, officers of these companies were
ordered to meet in Montpelier September 24th, 1862, to elect Eield Officers. And
here at the Capital of the State on the 24th of September, begins the history of
this Regiment as an organized body.

At this meeting for organization, there were aspirants for office and con-
siderable interest manifested, more or less talk as to qualifications, but no settled
plan among the officers of the several companies present had been arranged,
though it was generally understood who would be chosen Colonel.

After the company officers had assembled it was soon evident there would
be a contest over the offices of Lieutenant Colonel and Major. It was rumored
that Captain Lewis C. Coburn was being urged by his friends for Lieutenant
Colonel, and his candidacy for the position was well received (and judging from
his record as Captain and his valiant conduct in the charge across the valley of
Plum Riui Gettysburg, to recover captured cannon and up the slope to Emmits-
burg Road and along it to the Rogers House which was surrounded by his and
other companies of the Thirteenth Regiment, capturing many Rebels and then
on, leading his company to left and right in search of the enemy until the shades
of night fell on the scene), if he had been chosen would have reflected credit to
himself and honor to his regiment. And also the name of Captain Lawrence D.
Clark of the Llighgate Company was suggested as better qualified, he having
served as Captain of Company A, First Vermont Regiment three months men,
and his general appearance and experience, made him a favorable candidate, and
he was being urged by his friends, some of whom were anxious for his promo-
tion in order to make way for laudable ambition of aspirants in Llighgate Com-
pany. Also the name of Captain William D. Munson of Company D was
mentioned, and his friends of Company D and others declared him the best man
for the place, for he was a graduate of the Norwich University, had recruited a
company in Winooski and vicinity for a battery early in 1861, under Governor
Fairbanks, but when all ready for equipment, the Governor decided the war
would likely be soon over, and it would not pay to purchase cannon, etc., and
Munson returned home from St. Johnsbury where he had been to confer with
Governor Fairbanks, disappointed and considerably disgusted, and was compelled
to disband his company, that he had anxiously hoped to take to the front in
1861, as the First Artillery organization from Vermont.

It was conceded that Captain Munson was by far the best qualified for the
position, and in view of his previous activity to early engage in the service, and
being turned down by Governor Fairbanks and having a military education, he
should now be elected Lieutenant Colonel of the Thirteenth Regiment, but
Captain Munson was an extremely modest man and would not express in any
manner, preference or ambition for the place.

During the forenoon of the day of the election, the name of Captain Andrew

C. Brown, recently elected Captain of the Montpelier Company was urged and
endorsed by quite a number of Company officers of the other companies, and

OU.VRTliRMASTER XELSON A. TAYLOR,
1862.

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont J^olunteers. 39

everything indicated a spirited contest and election. Conferences were hvld
between those responsible for the bringing forward of these men, and just before
the hour of election an understanding was reached, a kind of an armistice between
the friends of Brown and Clark, namely. Captain Brown's name was to be
presented for Lieutenant Colonel and be supported after the first ballot (if no
choice) by Captain L. D. Clark and his friends, and in case of Brown's election
as Lieutenant Colonel, then Captain Clark was to be presented for ]\Iajor and be
supported by Captain Brown's friends, also allowing Captain Clark to suggest
the selection of Adjutant for the Regiment.

Captain Coburn was not a party to this plan of procedure nor was Captain
Munson. The officers of the line agreeable to the notice sent them, assembled
in the town hall for the purpose of election of Field officers and organization of
a regiment. Those who were to do the voting and make the selections were
comparatively strangers to each other, and had not since their arrival at Mont-
pelier had opportunity to confer and ascertain preferences for the several positions,
sufficient to form any particular judgment, how to act in the business then at
hand.

The calling of the meeting to order was deferred for some time, that the
officers who had met for the first time might be introduced to each other, become
acquainted, talk over the question of election of officers and size up the situation
before entering upon so important a duty as election of Field Officers.

General Jackman of Norwich Laiiversity had been authorized by Adjutant
and Inspector General Peter T. Washburn to preside at the meeting called for
the organization of the regiment and after reasonable delay called the meeting
to order, read the call, and stated why present and what for, expressed apprecia-
tion for the honor conferred on him and congratulated the officers present upon
their good looks and appearance, their zeal and devotion and the importance of
brave men and valiant leaders and the urgent demand for such at the front, and
then announced he was ready to proceed with the election and said "Prepare
your ballots for some one to serve as Colonel." The only name presented was
that of Francis Voltaire Randall, and he was declared unanimously elected as
Colonel, and enthusiastically endorsed by all present (and the hall was full) by
cheers, clapping of hands, waving of banners and handkerchiefs.

They were then requested to prepare and forward their ballots for some one
to serve as Lieutenant Colonel. To the surprise of many the name of Captain
Andrew C. Brown was presented, also Captain Lawrence D. Clark, Captain
William D. Munson and Captain Lewis L. Coburn, which ballot resulted in no
choice, but with Captain Brown in the lead. On the second ballot Captain Brown
received a very complimentary majority, and was declared duly elected Lieu-
tenant Colonel, and on this announcement a spontaneous acclaim filled the hall
as evidence of hearty endorsement by the friends of Captain Brown in his home
town.

Next in order came the announcement to prepare and forward ballots for
some one to serve as Major. Everybody now knew about and had seen Captain
Lawrence D. Clark, and when the ballots had been counted, Captain Clark was
proclaimed unanimously elected Major of the regiment, and the paeans of appro-
bation that rang out were indeed a very flattering compliment to this grand old

CHAPLAIN REV. JOSEPH SARGEAXT.
1862.

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers. 41

man. (An historic reference to Major Clark may not be out of place at this
time.) Major Clark's commission as Captain of Company A First Regiment
Vermont Volunteers was dated July 30th, 1859, as Captain of the Green Moun-
tain Guards of Swanton, which company was given the right of the regiment,
and therefore letter A and his commission antedated that of any other volunteer
officer that served from the State of Vermont in the war 1861-1865. His com-
pany (the Green Mountain Guards of Swanton) was the first tendered to
Governor Fairbanks as ready for service under President Lincoln's first call for
75,000 men. He was the oldest officer and soldier in the first Vermont Regiment.
He was also the oldest Field Officer (with one possible exception) commissioned,
who served in any military organization from Vermont during the war of the
Rebellion.

Captain L. D. Clark's Green Mountain Guards were well drilled, equipped
and prepared and ready to go when the news of firing on Fort Sumter aroused
the nation and the world, and because of his prompt action in tendering the
service of this company to the Governor (which was accepted) belongs the
honor of being the first in the State enrolled for the suppression of the Rebellion.

The ofiicers of the Field being elected, General Jackman declared the
Thirteenth Regiment of Vermont Volunteers duly organized and read_v to com-
mence business. And thus quite auspiciously began the important and thrilling
history of this regiment.

Under the rules and regulations only the elective officers of the companies
designated, were permitted to take part in the organization. Many besides
officers however were present and deeply interested, some of whom were in-
fluential in the affairs of the State that advised and otherwise assisted in the
selection of the officers of the Field and Staff, having in view the best possible
efficiency of the regiment when in the field.

The next in order to complete the organization was the appointment of the
commissioned and non-commissioned staff which was quickly and harmoniousl}'
accomplished, for these positions had been quite thoroughly canvassed and agreed
upon prior to the election of the officers of the Field, and this statement in part
accounts for official favors in the Field awarded Company K.

After the announcement of the appointments came speeches by Colonel
Randall, Lieutenant Colonel Brown, Major Clark and others, all of which were
appropriate to the occasion and well received.

None, however, were more eloquent and patriotic and aroused greater en-
thusiasm and emotion than the earnest and thrilling words of Major Clark.
Several orders were read and notices given as to future action of the companies,
and the regiment, the probable time and place of rendezvous, muster in to U. S.
service, date of leaving the State and the probable destination as Washington,
D. C. The meeting adjourned and the first day's history of the regiment as such
was made, and the future only would reveal how wisely the work had been done.

All present who were in any way interested expressed satisfaction in the
selections made and congratulated the officers of the line in the choice of their
Colonel and assured them that no better man for the place could have been found
in the State of Vermont.

CHAPLAIN REV. EDWARD HERBERT RANDAEL.

1863.

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers. 43

The officers returned to their companies to report, and prepare their com-
mands for concentration at Brattleboro to be uniformed and mustered into the
U. S. service, with instructions to keep their several companies well in hand for
the news of the War Department urging haste would likely necessitate an order
of twenty-four hours notice to make ready to start for such place as might be
designated by the Governor for final preparation and inspection before muster-
ing into service and leaving the State.

Because of promotions of Captain Andrew C. Brown to Lieutenant Colonel,
and Captain L. D. Clark as Major, elections were ordered in these two com-
panies, Montpelier and Highgate to fill the vacancies.

This was attended to as soon as the boys could be notified. It was generally
expected the First Lieutenants of these companies would be advanced to the
positions of Captain, and it was conceded that such a course was in line of
military precedent, but it must be borne in mind that the boys who had taken
part in previous elections and were again to have a chance to vote had no care
about any military rule or action, and proposed to do just what pleased them
best. Some had been disappointed in the first election, and now as there was
another chance were quite determined to make an effort to elect their choice
regardless of rule or precedent.

The Montpelier company either because they wanted to advance the First
Lieutenant, or persuaded it was their duty to conform to military rule, had no
contention and with harmony and best of feeling advanced Lieutenant Thatcher
to the position of Captain, and this was agreeable with the understanding entered
into on the day of the regimental organization.

But the Highgate Company whose position must be changed on account of
Captain L. D. Clark's promotion and a new election of Captain, were in no
mood to brook any interference or dictation from any source or be influenced
by any rule as to who should next be chosen their Captain. They were thankful
for Captain Clark's promotion and yet were sorry to lose their revered and
highly respected Captain, having great confidence in his ability and bravery.

Major Clark had been delegated to preside over the election to fill the
vacancy, and notices were sent out and the boys were summoned to appear at
Frank Johnson's old hotel in Highgate at nine o'clock, September 27th, to elect
another Captain. There had been, since the news reached the boys of Captain
Clark's promotion, considerable activity and a good deal of interest among them,
as to who should be now elected Captain. Disappointed ones at the first election
were the most active, buried the hatchet and united their efforts and quietly
arrayed themselves against the idea of regular promotion, but were not able to
harmonize on a candidate. All the talk on the line that the company was now
a part of and had been organized with others into a regiment, and should respect
military rule, had no effect, for the boys were still in Highgate, and so far as
choosing another Captain to lead them, were a law unto themselves, and were
determmed to do just what suited them best.

Everyone was present on the hour, except Major Clark who was to preside,
and for him, all patiently waited, but in the meantime the boys were busy
arranging for the contest, were quite careful to whom they made known their
plans. The air was full of rumors, and the author for one tried his»best to find

CHAPI^AIN REV. EDWARD HERBERT RANDALE.
1906.

The Thirteentli Regiment I'cniwnt Voliinfccrs. 45

out what the programme was, but being one of Lieutenant Stephen F. Brown's
friends and in favor of his promotion, could obtain no reliable information. I
thought at the time (and never have had occasion to change ni}' opinion) that
Major Clark was influenced to delay the hour of voting until certain aspirants
whose plans he favored were ready.

Notice was finally given by Orderly Sergeant S. S. Morey to forward ballots
for some one to serve as Captain. Several were voted for on first ballot, result-
ing in no choice, but on the second ballot Third Sergeant George G. Blake
received a good majority and was declared by Major Clark as duly elected
Captain of Company K. As soon as the officers returned from Montpelier
where they had been in attendance of election of Regimental officers, they said
the situation demanded great haste to go into camp at Brattleboro for medical
examination, muster in, to be uniformed, equipped, paid and fully made ready
before leaving the State for Washington.

Everything was now burly burly, furloughs not to be extended more than
24 hours, and assured all that they must be near at hand for liable to receive
marching orders any moment. The officers too were arranging their business
affairs, hurrying up the tailors, for not a few were yet without uniforms, and
of course all were anxious to appear in their bran new blue broadcloth uniforms
with gilded buttons and soldier straps that dazzled the eye and appealed here
and there to the vanity and pride of the wearers. Orders were issued from
headquarters to all the companies to report at Brattleboro on the 29th of
September prepared to leave the State, for the seat of war.

The several ■ companies on September 29th took the cars at convenient
stations on the Central Vermont Railroad line. Companies Iv and G from Franklin
and Grand Isle counties at Swanton and St. Albans in tlie early morning, and so
along from place to place until all were on their way down the Connecticut
Valley to Brattleboro.

Arriving late in the afternoon marching from the depot, in companies over
to Camp Lincoln, situated about a mile southwest of the village all tired and
hungry. We were assigned to quarters in long, narrow, low, new wooden
buildings prepared for the purpose and were informed that while in Brattleboro
here would be our homes.

We found the Twelfth Regiment already there having arrived some few
days ahead of us, and on guard duty about the camp, and on inquiry were told
that Colonel E. H. Stoughton of the Fourth Vermont was commandant of
Camp Lincoln (the same who for a few felicitous days was our doughty
Brigadier General and captured at Fairfax Court House, Virginia.)

The barracks were 74 by 22 feet, each designed for one company of 100
men, doors at each end, a narrow hall through from end to end and on either
side bunks built about 4 by 6 feet, two stories high, each calculated for two
persons, and made out of boards, simply a box six inches deep nailed up to
posts, just space enough between for one at a time to pass and climb over in and
when in, must lie down, no room to sit up for would hit their heads on the bottom
of the bunk above, or the roof overhead. Some had straw for their bunks and
others none. Likely this was the first experience of any of the regiment sleeping
on bare boards, quite a change from feather beds and white linen, home-made

ASST. SURG. JOHN B. CRANDAI,!,.
1902.

The Thirteenth Regiment J'ermont J'olunteers. 47

quilts and blankets in a cozy little bed-room at home. Some found fault, others
stoically submitted thinking these might be palaces in comparison to what we
must soon be contented with. We had been from early morning on the way, and
most of us were making inquiries for supper, (we had not been taught to say
rations) and could see no reason for so much delay. We were soon marched
over to a long, low wooden building with stationary tables running through,
benches for seats and into these all pushed rapidly along jostling each other,
anxious for something, anything to eat. Of course it was known we were on
the way and would be there for supper, and extra preparations likely had been
made to give us an appetizing and a bountiful spread. Tin plates and cups, iron
knives and forks and spoons adorned the bare tables that we sat down to and
soft bread and cold beef and poor coffee was the meal. No bread and butter
with strawberry preserves, doughnuts and cheese, pie and cakes, hot biscuit and
honey, jelly tarts, tea and coffee with cream any where to be seen. The familiar
custard pie and twisted doughnuts we sought did not appear, only in imagination.

Some of the boys did not seem to relish the supper nor the general sur-
roundings. No one felt inclined to offer a blessing and silently and sullenly the
boys ate because hungry, and returned to their sleeping barracks for the night.
This was the first supper in Camp Lincoln. All were too tired for running about
and preparations for sleep must be made. The night was cool and no straw for
a bed nor blankets for covering, made the proespect for sleep very discouraging.
A few found straw for their beds and all tried hard to sleep with clothing all
on, and some had small parcels in which they had brought a few extra articles,
woolen shirts, etc., that served for pillows.

It was soon dark, but few candles or lanterns to be had. The boys had to
select bunk mates, choose bunks, etc., before crawling in for the night. Orderly
Sergeant Morey called the roll of Company K, and orderly Sergeants of the
other companies did the same, but the answers that came showed the boys to
be in a bad temper and not inclined to be obedient and respectful. No one paid
much attention to the order of "No talking."

The night was not quiet, nor dreams pleasant, bare boards for feather beds
were disappointing, and up and down the barrack hall on either side all the night
long the boys were turning over from one side to the other to change positions,
and the curses and imprecations that some uttered showed on what they were
sleeping, and how they were covered. Some in their mid-night efforts attempted
to sit up for a rest and change, but in so doing hit their heads against the bunk
above, or the timber and roof overhead. The night was long, the wind whistled
through the cracks, and there was commotion all about, some were taken sud-
denly sick and hurried out into the black darkness seeking what they could and
did not find.

No one had thought to inquire nor had information and direction been given,
and the situation demanded immediate attention.

Daylight, to the relief of all, finally came and we crawled out with sore
backs and sides, aching heads, shaking with cold, and this was our first night
in camp as a regiment.

The officers' quarters were more comfortable, and many now began to
realize that privates were not officers, and the straps on the shoulders com-

HOSPITAL STEWARD CHARLES P. THAVER.
1906.

At Camp Lincoln, Brattleboro, Vermont. 49

manded attention, and not the fellows who wore them. Lackeys white and
black were seen every where fawning with patronizing attention to officers, think-
ing only of the scrip and green backs that some in their vain pride and prodigality
foolishly gave them for the most trifling and silly attention.

September 30th opened with lowering clouds, drizzling rain, and a dense
fog and it was cold. The boys ran up and down the hall to limber up their
stiffened limbs and to warm their bodies, whooping and jumping like wild
Indians, caring but little for appearance and utterances, evidently were shaking
off refinements of civil life and working up courage for deadh' strife. A few
went out but soon returned saying, "No place to wash, brush up and get ready
for breakfast." One fellow said he was told a brook ran through the camp just
over beyond the cook house, and another suggested that it was not far to the
Connecticut River, and another said we would find water with which to wash
our hands and faces (and surely they needed it) near the barracks where we were
to go for our breakfast. We found water, but no soap or towels, and only now
and then one who had soap and towels that a thoughful mother had hurriedly
tucked into the satchel as he left home for Brattleboro. Some washed and
others waited for a more convenient time and place, but all fell in when the
Sergeants gave the word and hurried across the field for breakfast.

There were now two regiments in camp, the Twelfth and Thirteenth, and
all could not be seated at once, not sufficient table room, and some must wait,
and therefore there was strife among the companies as to who should be first
fed; and on the first morning in camp the Thirteenth Vermont demonstrated its
alertness, and were the first at the regimental hotel ready for rations of soft
bread and coffee.

Jim Hagan, of Company K, who sat near by. called for flap jacks, nut cakes
and mince pies and was disappointed when informed that it was not on the
soldier's bill of fare. The bread was good, and coffee hot, and better than the
evening before, and there was plenty.

Our coming appetites were satisfied and we returned to quarters feeling
better and quite happy and contented. We were told not to undertake to pass
the guards without written permits from our Captain, but to remain near by
our barracks, as we were liable to be called for at any hour. This was per-
mission to go about and look over camp, but not to stray far away.

On this first day in camp most of the time was given over to looking about
the place within camp, mingling with the several companies of our regiment, that
we might become acquainted and to see who, of our acquaintances, if any. were
in the regiment, and nearly all were particularly interested in the parade ground,
the orderly way the camp was laid out, the guard about it, and how the boys of
the Twelfth performed their duties for it was known that we soon would be
called to like duty, and the boys were anxious to learn so as to be prepared when
called upon. The weather was not pleasant, and man}' remained in the barracks
arranging the immediate surroundings of their bunks, stopping up the crevices
to keep out wind, rain and cold, bringing straw for beds, securing stoves, etc.,
procuring blankets and otherwise making things tidy and comfortable.

Quite a few of the more curious and restless secured passes and went over
to the village stopping on their way to look over the village cemetery. During

HOSPITAL STF.WARD CHARLES P. THAYLR.
1868.

HOSPrT,\L STEWARD FREEMAN DIXBY.
1864.

Q. M. SERGEANT GUY SMTTH.
1863.

O. M. SERGEANT GUY SMITH.

1906.

At Camp Lincoln, Bratflcboro, J'criiioiit. 51

the afternoon, the clouds broke and cleared away, and everything appeared more
pleasant in and about camp, and as we looked to the south and west the wooded
hills and mountains be3'ond and the beautiful and thriving village with its white
painted houses on the high banks of the broad Connecticut River on its way to
the sea made an attractive picture, and commanded for the moment our admira-
tion. We could see that this was a beautiful location, and well adapted for a
jnilitar}' camp for equipment of regiments on their way to engage in the struggles
being waged in the vicinity of the capital city Washington. Officers were busy,
moving rapidly from place to place in making due and necessar\ preparation for
comfort and protection from the inclemency of the season, to distribute blankets
and guns, straps, etc., to be ready for drill, guard duty and dress parade, medical
examination and inspection, and a thousand and one little details necessary to
bring order into the ranks of this regiment of raw recruits.

The scene in camp was lively and unique, and the hours of the first day
passed swiftly by. Late in the afternoon orders came to get ready for regimental
parade, and soon we heard the bugle call and then the fife and drum, and the
way we went and gathered for the first time on the parade ground as a regiment
eager to learn the cause for which we were called out.

Under the animation of martial music, the boys moved in good step and
form, and came up into line under direction of the officers of the Field and Staff
in good style, the companies vying with each other to do their best and secure
attention, and the approbation of our esteemel Colonel.

They were indeed a fine looking body of young men, and of as good material
as ever entered the army from Vermont.

The boys did not look much like soldiers, for none but officers appeared in
uniforms. When all in place and in line, some general orders were read by
Adjutant Whitney, and Colonel Randall spoke briefly expressing his pride and
satisfaction for their manly conduct and appearance, and the progress made in
military tactics in preparation for active service, that our stay in Brattleboro
would be short and cautioned all about doing anything that would in any manner
disgrace themselves or reflect on the moral standing and honar of the regiment.

The day had been replete with many an amusing episode, but nothing serious.
The rations for this day were about the same, only potatoes added, but no milk
gravy or cream, and the boys ate in silence thinking of home, and at the close
of the day much had been accomplished towards arranging for comfort and
convenience and also for duty. The boys were rested and quite reconciled to
the surroundings and were now determined to make the best of the situation,
and were quite content and happy and ready and willing at the sound of tattoo
to turn in for the night.

On the morning of October ist, the camp was alive earl)-, though cold and
rainy, the boys were up and out much refreshed by sound sleep and quiet rest,
and evidently now ready for fun or duty, it mattered not which. Springfield
rifles were given out to the regiment during the day, and when it did not rain,
there was company and squad drill in the forenoon and battalion drill in the
afternoon. The boys had to be told how to carry their guns, though most were
quite familiar with the old shot guns that hung on the wall, at home, with which,
as boys, they had hunted and killed squirrels, skunks, woodchucks. etc., and some

SITTIXG.

Lieut. Col. Brown, Col. Randall, ]\Iajor Clark.

STANDING.

Surg. Nichols, Adjt. Peck, 0. M. Taylor.

At Camp Lincoln, Brattleboro, Vermont. 53

of the Montgomery, Hyde Park, Stowe, Waitsfield and Berlin boys had hunted
and slain wildcats, panthers and bears. None, however, had had drill in the manual
of arms, except a few who had served in the First Vermont Regiment. Spring-
field ribes were heavier and different, and had bayonets attached that were
dangerous in the hands of a raw recruit, and much caution and careful instruc-
tion required in handling these rifles. In most every company there was an
officer or private that had seen a little service, and they were generally the
instructors, although I believe there were some in camp that had been sent to
this post for the purpose of giving the necessary instructions in handling the
guns and other duties.

Occasionally some one was accidentally pricked with the bayonet during our
first drills, but not seriously. While we were in this camp most every day there
were pressing demands for passes to visit the village, insane asylum, organ
manufacturing establishment and other places ; these were the reasons given,
but not always the correct ones, and the highway between camp and village was
alive with teams and footmen from early morning till late at night. Twenty
passes a day granted from each company were given out with permission to be
absent two hours, some returned on time and others forgot and had a plausible
excuse, and thus the days and nights were spent with little variation while in
Camp Lincoln.

The first three or four days were foggy, cold and rainy and many remained
inside reading the news from the front, writing letters home, and the officers,
especially of the Line were hard at work to qualify themselves for duty, for as
a matter of fact they were as green and awkward as the rank and file.

We took our rations only three or four days at the regimental hotel, which
was run by some enterprising Yankee as reported, for the money there was in it,
and the boys soon tired of the same bill of fare and clamored for the privilege
of cooking their coffee, pork and beans by companies, and it was so arranged.
Each company detailed cooks, utensils were furnished, rations of fresh beef,
sugar, rice, beans, tea and coffee, salt pork and soft bread, salt, pepper, vinegar,
and all in abundance were parceled out to the custody of the cooks, and this
proved a desirable change. It was more homelike and independent. Every-
thing was pretty well cooked, and we had plenty and all seemed better pleased
and each company ate by itself, and all went well. The rations and duties of each
day were much the same, company drill- forenoon, battalion drill and dress
parade in the afternoon and guard duty when called.

Our camp was thronged with visitors from all parts of the State of high
and low degree, beautiful women and red cheeked girls and their anxious faces
revealed the cause of their presence, doting mothers and loving brides were
there to make the farewell visit and say good bye, and some too, had come from
distant homes that the nuptial agreement might be solemnized by the sacred
rites of church before it was too late.

I recall to mind two instances of this kind. Sergeant Edwin H. Reed of
Compan}' E, a schoolmate of the writer at Bakersfield Academy who had become
engaged to a young lady by the name of Miss Sarah Williams of Bakersfield
before he enlisted, and true to his vows wrote her to come to Brattleboro to be

CAMP VERMONT, NEAR ALEXANDRIA, VA., I9O4.

THE OED SPRING, CAMP VERMONT, 1904.

At Camp Lincoln, Brattleboro, J'crmont. 55

married if she wished it so. Miss WilHams came and they were married only
two or three days before our departure for Washington.

Captain Merrit Williams of Company G was her brother. I knew them well
and cannot forget the scene at the depot as this young bride of a few happy
hours was ruthlessly and suddenly separated from her loving husband. The
parting was affectionate and very sad. Her brave young soldier boy husband
she never saw again. He died at Camp Vermont, December 12th, 1862. There
were other instances but none so sad. I recall one that occurred in Company
K, the company to which I belonged, DeForest W. Hatch who had become
engaged to a Miss Vaughn, she followed him to Brattleboro and they were there
married on the same day that we left for Washington, and only a few hours
before we left the State. This marriage was sudden and no trme for nuptial
celebration. The bridegroom started south for Washington with his regiment,
and the bride north for home, and all was well.

The next day, October 4th, was a very busy one in camp, the Twelfth
regiment was to be inspected by Governor Holbrook, Adjutant General Wash-
burn, Q. M. General Davis, and Colonel Stoughton, commandant of the Post.
This review and inspection, the Thirteenth boys were given permission to see, for
it would soon be their turn to pass through a similar inspection. It was a
beautiful and impressing sight, 1,000 men all in uniform, flags fluttering in the
breeze, horses caparisoned in gaudy colors, riders dressed as became their rank
and station, made a grand and attractive moving picture as it passed in review.
We had never seen anything like it before. Our camp was filled with dis-
tinguished visitors from over the State, who had come to see their friends and
acquaintances in these regiments before their departure to Washington.

Our first Sunday in camp Lincoln we found was not a day of rest, for in-
spection we must prepare for with care. Gun, straps, clothing, face and hands all
must be neat and clean, comb and brush must be used, everything trim and tidy.
The inspection of arms in the forenoon and divine service in the afternoon.

The regiment was formed into a hollow square, and addressed by the
Chaplain from the center, who reminded us that life was fleeting and admonished
us to be prepared, for no one could tell the hour that would be our last, and
likely some there present who would never see home and friends again. These
statements were literally true and yet not consoling and encouraging in these
early days of our service.

The inspection and divine service and other duties made it the busiest day of
all. Each day's drill made the Thirteenth more soldierly in appearance and
proficient in militar}- tactics, and all were proud of the progress made.

A large detail of carpenters and joiners were made to assist in completing
and building the barracks for the Fourteenth, Fifteenth and Si-xteenth regiments
soon to arrive, and the Fourteenth was on their way and would arrive during the
day which would make three full regiments in camp, with only sufficient accommo-
dation for two. Our regiment met the Fourteenth at the depot and escorted
them over to camp with drum and fife, to the music of the "Girl I left behind
me," which brought tears to the eyes not yet dry from the home parting of the
morning.

FORT I,YON NEAR ALEXANDRIA, VA., 19O4.

HOUSK WHERE P.KIG. GENERAL EDWIN H. STUIT.HTON WAS CAPTURED
MARCH 9, 1863, FAIRFAX COURT HOUSE, VA.

At Camp Lincoln, Brattleboro, Fcn/ioiit. 57

It was long after dark before they reached Brattleboro, and they were
tired, hungry and sad. The next morning after the arrival of the Fourteenth
in addition to the usual orders of the day, were two others, one for medical
examination, and to escort the Twelfth Regiment to the depot on their way to
Washington.

We had been examined once by physicians, and pronounced sound, and
some of us could see no good reason for further examination, and were inclined
to object, but it made no difference, for the U. S. Surgeons were the physicians
who were to look us over this time and some of the boys trembled for fear they
might yet be thrown out.

We were marched by companies to a commodious hall on the camp ground,
one of the many new buildings recently built, and about fifty at a time were
admitted and the doors shut, and then we were told to remove all our clothing
as quick as possible and stand in a line up and down the hall. This was a new
deal that we had not been told of, and some demurred, but no use, strip we must
and so we did, and when we were all lined up in a row we hardly knew ourselves
and especially each other. Though there were two surgeons we thought them
very slow, the room was cold and no fire and we were growing chilly. This
examination was critical and reminded me of the careful and scrutinizing
examination of the horse buyer when about to purchase a valuable animal for
market. Eyes, ears, teeth, arms, thumbs and fingers, legs, feet and toes and
required to go through various motions with hands, run and jump over a
common empty flour barrel laid down on the floor, and many similar antics,
nothing escaped their attention. If symptoms of hernia of any kind appeared,
their fingers would press hard on the spot. It was a very unceremonious
procedure, but necessary, for no use of taking one who could not stand the life
of a soldier. This was the manner of Company K's examination, and I assume
the rest of the regiment fared just as well.

The boys' teeth chattered and they shivered with cold long before the
surgeons finished their scrutinizing task, but the running and jumping warmed
them up and none took cold.

None of Company K was thrown out, nor of the regiment to my knowledge.

Corporal H. P. Bullard had a defective eye, and Cadmus S. Gates was not
a good high jumper. The eye of Corporal Bullard they did not see and comrade
Gates' sprawling jump lighting on the barrel and his ride on it almost across
the hall, so amused the surgeons that they said "You are all right." As a
matter of course this examination took place before the distribution of clothing,
etc. The rank and file only were required to undergo this final test before being
mustered into the U. S. army .

The general appearance in and about camp. Colonel Randall moving from
place to place, and his frequent conferences with the officers — everything indicated
urgent preparation to be ready to leave Brattleboro on an early date for Wash-
ington.

On October 8th, uniforms were given out to each company, each soldier
one pair of trousers, one dress coat, a blouse coat, overcoat, cap and shoes if
needed, socks, woolen shirts and cotton drawers. This was a slow job, for
not all of the same size and must guess and then try on, and after being fitted

THE OLD JAIL, FAIRFAX COURT HOUSE, VA. 1904.

COURT HOUSE SQUARE AXD STREET, FAIRFAX COURT HOUSE, VA. I904.

At Camp Lincoln, Brattlcboro, Vermont. 59

must sign a receipt for whatever taken, and the same was charged up in account
to be deducted from regular pay, if clothing and blankets exceeded a certain
amount, and we were so informed. This was a wise provision and made the
boys more careful with the clothing, etc., furnished by the Government. The
clothing was all of good material, all wool and very well made and warm and
comfortable, and when care was taken in the selection, fitted very well the
averaged sized boy or man.

Some were very tall and others very short, some were large, broad shoulders,
long arms and legs, and some very corpulent, and to secure good fits for such
was found to be quite impossible. The Government did not have in mind the
stalwart Yankee boys of the Green Mountain State when giving out the contract
for the manufacture of army clothing, for a number could not find dress coats
large enough nor trousers long enough.

It was a beautiful day and the boys now were less modest since the medical
examination, and were taking off their civil garb and donning the blue any
where that suited their convenience best, inside or outside of barracks, regardless
of those passing to and fro (there were no females permitted in this part of
our camp at this time, and if one chanced to be riding near by, the boys
scampered for cover.)

At dress parade this night for the first time the regiment appeared in uni-
forms, and the appearance of all were much improved, and the boys were pleased
to know that they too were dressed in blue with glistening brass buttons on cap,
sleeve and breast.

Colonel Randall as he stood in front looking from right to left, up and
down the line facing his boys for the first time neatly dressed in new uniforms
taking in the living picture before him, was the most interested and proudest
man of all. He responded to the salutation of the regiment with an uncovered
head and the wave of the hand, but said not a word, and as he turned to go,
took from his pocket a handkerchief and wiped away the fast falling tears.

He had seen service in the deadly swamps along the Chickahominy, in the
battles of First Bull Run, Lees Mills, Williamsburg, Golding's Farm, Savage
Station and White Oak Swamp, and realized keenly that in all human probability
many of the brave boys before him would die in hospitals or fall in battle and
could not conceal the emotions that controlled his kind and manly heart.

On the following day gun straps, knapsacks, haversacks, tin cups and
canteens, waist and shoulder belts and straps were given out and orders to pack
knapsacks and appear in dress coats, knapsacks on, for inspection and review by
Governor Holbrook, Adjutant General Washburn and their stafl:s.

The packing of a knapsack properly, required both skill and taste, and only
now and then one among us that had had experience, and on these we had to
depend for instruction and assistance. To pack a knapsack in good style, roll
up blanket and overcoat and strap them on top of your knapsack, and have it
compact in good shape, neat and trim, requires practice and our first efforts were
bungling jobs, and our appearance on the march and drill thus equipped and
loaded down was attended with many ludicrous, awkward and amusing incidents,
and it was the first time, thus equipped, and more we were now passing in

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At Camp Lincoln, Brattleboro, Verinont. 6i

review before the Governor and his staff, and aids and officers of the other
regiments and many others who had gathered to witness the mihtar)' display.

Colonel Randall found not a word of fault, but praised us for doing so
well, remarking we would likely do better next time. The Governor con-
gratulated us on our fine appearance and hoped to hear of brave conduct and an
honorable record in the field. Orders were read at dress parade on this day
for muster into U. S. service on the next day, and all must be present at their
company barracks ready when called, no passes to be issued until after muster
in, also notice was given that as soon as mustered in the amount due each as
State pay would be at once paid over unless assigned or some other disposition
made of it. This had been a very busy day, many of the boys had made
arrangement for having their pictures taken as soon as uniformed and were
anxious to secure passes out for that purpose, and many secured passes and
had their pictures taken before leaving Brattleboro, and sent them home, that
their fathers, mothers, sisters and sweethearts might see them in soldier dress.

October loth was like an Indian Summer day, warm and still, an ideal day
for the business at hand. The Thirteenth Regiment was early astir and up and
making preparations for muster into U. S. service.

The several companies were called out, carefully looked over and counted,
and ordered to wait in position of rest for the mustering officer. Each com-
pany remained near its headquarters, and the several companies were to be
mustered in separately. Major Austin, the mustering officer, accompanied by
Colonel Randall and Adjutant Whitney passed from Company to Company and
on being presented to the Captains by Colonel Randall, made the inquiry in each
case if all was ready, and being informed they were, proceeded to read the oath
of allegiance to serve their Government as soldiers for the full term of nine
months, and each with his right hand raised heavenward solemnly promised he
would.

The officers of the Field and Staff took the oath at headquarters. A few
of the regiment, who were absent, took the oath as soon as they returned.

The several companies as soon as mustered in were marched to a nearby
building where, each giving his name and being vouched for by the Captain,
was given their State pay then due, unless it had been assigned or some other
disposition made of it, also Selectmen from towns who had promised bounties
were present at this time and paid as they had agreed. All this business was
expeditiously accomplished, and the boys were now full fledged soldiers, ready
and anxious to join the army and that of the Potomac, because to that belonged
the First Vermont Brigade in which were many relatives and friends.

The regiment was notified to make due preparation for leaving camp on
the next day.

The several companies, through their officers, were ordered to pack knap-
sacks, provide themselves with two days' rations from the cook tents, and be
ready to march to the depot and take the cars for New Haven, Conn., by ten
o'clock in the forenoon the following day.

Only a trusted few now secured passes out of camp, after muster in, not
because apprehensive that any would desert, but to avoid delay and confusion.

At Camp Lincoln, Brattleboro, Vermont. 63

The boys delegated some of their officers commissioned and non-commis-
sioned to take money, clothing and other personal belongings to the express
office, to be sent home, and in the evening, wrote their farewell letters from
Camp Lincoln.

The Fourteenth, Fifteenth and Sixteenth had now arrived and the guard
and other duties were to remain in their hands. The Thirteenth had been
released from guard, police, and special detail for a number of days on account
of medical examination, drawing of clothing, inspection, muster in, and being
paid off and other details preparatory for leaving camp.

The day of our departure had been publicly announced and many of the
relatives and friends of the boys of the Thirteenth hastened to Brattleboro and
were now present to speak words of advise and encouragement ' and with hand
to hand and heart to heart say good-by.

October nth was our last day in camp and in the State, before leaving for
Washington. The regiment was up early and breakfast was ready and served
before the usual hour. The company cooks had been busy all night making
ready the two days rations the boys were to store in their haversacks for the
trip. The whole camp was an animated and busy place long before the hour
fixed for leaving. Many citizens from the village and from up the State were
in camp through the forenoon, though cold and damp and looked like rain, but
no one seemed to care for weather.

The majority of those who came, found their way to the location of the
Thirteenth Regiment where the boys, some had come so far to see, were anxiously
waiting their arrival. All were ready to leave as soon as the call of bugle and
fife and drum gave the order, "fall in" ; knapsacks and guns all ready to put on
were in the barracks, but until notice given were permitted to freely mingle
with friends that had come.

There were quite a number now donned in blue here and there to be seen,
affectionately holding the trembling hand of a sweet faced pretty girl of sixteen
or twenty summers whose cheeks blushed in changing colors as she, with eyes
cast down, listened to the renewed vows of abiding love and promised marriage
on return. Some were brides of a day shedding tears of sorrow because so soon
to part, and as they feared forever, and could not be comforted. Mothers too,
so kind and true would throw their arms around the neck of an only son and
impart the accustomed kiss as if it was the last and in many cases it was.

These were frequent scenes on that day of parting, and none were ashamed
or tried to hide and conceal their emotions and demonstration of affection.

The sound of bugle, fife and drum suddenly changed the scene and there
was hurrying to and fro, and orders "Fall in, Fall in", and every one made
haste to shoulder knapsack and gun and get into line, and soon were keeping
step to the stirring strains of martial music as they moved from Camp Lincoln
through the village to the Railroad Station to take the cars and begin their
journey to Washington. The cars were late, and here we waited until late in
the afternoon. j\Iany followed and gathered around to wait our departure.
The wliole town turned out, old and young, boys and girls in recognition of their
appreciation of and sympathy with the purposes that we had volunteered to

On the fJ^ay to Washington, D. C. 65

vindicate and uphold until all were on board and packed away to the full
capacity of each car.

It was a long line of cars up and down the track, two engines attached wait-
ing the signal to start. On either side of the long train from end to end stood
the citizens of Brattleboro, Gov. Holbrook and Staff, the escort from Camp
Lincoln, and our relatives and friends soon to return home and all busy in
earnest conversation, handkerchiefs in hand ready to wave the last good-by.

Colonels Randall and Brown passed up and down on both sides of the train
to see if everything was in readiness to move on. Our Colonel ever vigilant for
the comfort and welfare of his boys had ere this commanded our love and respect
and him we cheered as he passed to and fro.

In him our confidence we felt was not misplaced, nor did we believe it
would ever be shaken. Colonel Randall when fully satisfied all was ready,
walked up to the Governor, saluted and reported. They clasped hands, and
then the Colonel waved his hand to the Conductor, the whistle blew, the cars
moved and then the cheers loud and long from the assembled multitude filled the
air and resounded up and down the valley. The waving of hands and handker-
chiefs seemed the spontaneous action of all, and as far as we could see, the white
handkerchiefs were still fluttering in the breeze as we passed down the valley
out of sight on our way to New Haven.

The last tokens of high regard, love and devotion that animated their bosoms
was fully expressed by their cheers and waving of hands and handkerchiefs.

These demonstrations more fully awakened the manhood within us, and all
were inspired with the confidence imposed, and each mentally promised then and
there to do his utmost in the struggle for the preservation of the Union.

What shall be said of these smooth faced youthful intelligent looking boys of
this regiment leaving home and their beloved State for the first time, now on
their way to fight for home, flag and country.

This regiment was recruited during the darkest days of the Rebellion, im-
mediately after General jMcCIellan's disastrous campaign up the Peninsula to
capture Richmond and General Pope's defeat at Second Bull Run, and flight
and stampede over the plains of Manassas back to the protection of the guns
and Forts around Washington.

The perilous condition of the Union at this time appealed to the best man-
hood and bravest hearts of our State, — a high standard of citizens, genuine
patriots, noble and loyal, and in response to the recent urgent call of 300,000,
only the bravest sons of the Green Mountain State, promptly and cheerfully,
came forward and volunteered into the 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 regiments.

The average age of the boys of the 13th was 23 years, sturdy sons of
vigorous fathers and mothers who lived on the hills and in the valleys, the
hamlets and villages of the State they loved and honored.

]\Iost of these boys were born and reared on the farms their fathers owned
and tilled. Educated in the district schools and academies, a few in colleges,
all were intelligent and fairly well prepared for the various walks and avocations
of life. Some were merchants, others clerks, mechanics, artisans, teachers,
students, a few full fledged lawyers, and partially matriculated physicians, and
ministers of the Gospel, ardent, zealous, loyal, all inbued with exalted duty and

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On the Way to Washington, D. C. 67

honor of serving their country then assailed by designing traitors at home, and
ambitious Governments from across the sea.

The majority of each company were as well qualified in every respect for
office as those that had already been commissioned, and some better, (subsequent
service demonstrated the truthfulness of this statement.)

They were inexperienced and raw in service, with little apprehension of the
hardships and dangers of war. But bred in the bone from generation to genera-
tion from a long line of noble ancestry that had been taught from the cradle
to the grave to fear God, to love liberty, stand for the right and fight for home
and country.

Their forefathers were with General Allen at Ticonderoga and fought at
Bennington and Plattsburg, and in other battles of glory and renown, indeed,
many were direct descendants of Ethan Allen and his Green Mountain Boys, and
inherited their love of justice, patriotic devotion, indomitable courage and fear-
less bravery. Of such were the boys of this regiment, and they could be
depended upon to face danger wherever duty called, regardless of exposure.
They believed their country had the first claim on their young manhood, even
death on the battlefield, to preserve the Union and the life of the Republic.

The reverses we had met before Richmond and at second Bull Run stimulated
their loyalty and awakened their deep solicitude for the Nation.

The unselfish devotion of these youthful patriots reflected pride and honor
on the State that gave them birth. They had breathed the pure atmosphere of
home and been moulded under the watchful care of loyal mothers, and morning
and evening had listened to father's eloquent petitions to the Most High to be
kept in the path that leads to immortal victory, and the earnest pleadings for
freedom, happiness of home and direction of the affairs of the Nation.

Of vices they had but few, but virtues many. A majority of these boys
belonged to evangelical societies, and believed in the efficacy of prayer. Though
some, from lack of proper training and because of unfortunate environments,
were wild and careless, minds poisoned with impure thoughts and profane and
vulgar speech, a loosening of the restraints of civil life dominated, and the new
life of a soldier made them heedless of individual example and inconsiderate of
the reputation of the regiment. They were with all, kind hearted and patriotic,
zealous, honest and brave as any, but seemed to think because of present occupa-
tion no occasion to be careful, and particular about petty vices and good de-
portment.

Nearly all of these were good soldiers and made an honorable record. In
a general way have I spoken of the officers of this regiment, and yet my apprecia-
tion of them commands further mention.

Colonel Randall was of undoubted ability as a lawyer, and in the affairs of
civil life, an earnest, enthusiastic and honest man, energetic, always combining
rare executive ability with great courage and singleness of purpose. As a
military leader, Vermont furnished none better or more valiant. His anxious
care was first and always the comfort and welfare of his regiment. He loved
his boys as he called them, and they adored him. His general appearance and
soldierly bearing was the pride of the regiment. All had implicit confidence
in his honest purpose to do all within his power in the struggle for the preserve-

THE OI,D MILL, OCCOQUAN, VA., 1863.

Near Camp Widow A'iolet.

On the Way to Washington, D. C. 69

tion of the Union. His word was law, and accepted without a murmur. His
example was an inspiration to courage, devotion and bravery, and all were ever
ready and willing to follow wherever he might lead. His great kind heart as
quickly responded to the wants and solicitation of the lowliest in his regiment as
to the highest in rank. He regarded each true soldier animated by the same high
purpose that controlled him, and his regard for the soldiers of his regiment
always depended upon the manner in which they performed their duties.

The full measure of confidence and expectation of prowess and leadership,
he most valiantly and courageously demonstrated on the great battlefield of
Gettysburg, and there won for himself and regiment imperishable honor and
renown.

Were it not that more able pens have written of the officers of Field and
Staff, would not pass on without contributing my feeble efforts in suitable
mention of the part they took while in this regiment.

The boys after leaving Brattleboro rode in silence for miles absorbed in
thought of the past and future. The excitement of the last few days in Camp
Lincoln at Brattleboro, the parting with friends and now leaving their State for
the seat of war, produced a reaction, and faces, but a few hours before glowing
with excitement, were now pale and thoughtful, hardly speaking to each other.

We soon crossed the boundary line and were in the State of Massachusetts,
but this fact attracted no particular attention, and but few took interest in the
panoramic view of tinted forests, green hills, mountains, streams, beautiful
hamlets and villages on either side of the swift rolling waters of the Connecticut
as we moved rapidly along down the beautiful valley on our way to New
Haven. We made brief stops at V^ernon, Northfield, Deerfield and North Hamp-
den, but no one was permitted to leave the cars at these places.

We next arrived at the thriving villages of Holyoke and Chicopee. These
villages were close together and hundreds of people thronged to the railroad
station to see the Vermonters pass through. The boys were now rested and
eager to see the new places and the long line of beautifully dressed girls with
flags and handkerchiefs in hands on both sides of the cars singing patriotic songs
and waving their banners in token of hearty welcome to their cities, as we slowly
passed along, was indeed a sight such as we had never seen before, and we
appreciated the patriotic attention.

Our first stop when permitted to leave the cars was at the city of Spring-
field, and here we remained for some twenty minutes or more. Our coming
had been announced, and the city was out, factory girls and all, dressed and
prepared to give us a cordial and hearty welcome. They cheered and sang and
waved their tiny flags of stars and stripes as we slowly rolled into the station and
extended their hands of welcome as we jumped from the cars as if we were old
friends just returned.

Their kind greetings, words of cheer and the bewitching smiles and en-
chanting eyes that lighted up the pretty faces of red cheeked and well dressed
lovely girls, so animated, cordial and solicitous for our comfort and happiness,
and anxious for our future (and some I thought for our return), was indeed an
appreciated oasis in our journey to the sea.

I4th Vt. Vol.

i6th Vt. Vol.

13th A't. \o\.

General Hancock wounded and assisted from horse to the ground ; see group

of aides and horses.

Flank attack of Gen. Stannard's Brigade, Gettysburg, July 3rd, 1863. on
Gen. Pickett's advancing columns.

On the Way to Washington, D. C. 71

Sandwiches and coffee, cake and fruit in abundance freely offered. Love's
swift arrow pierced many a throbbing heart at first sight, a dangerous place
long to linger at, for some might forget that they were on their way to take
part in the struggle for the right and be tempted to remain behind, manhood
and devotion only kept us on our way.

We never forgot the grand and bounteous welcome of Springfield, and it
was often the topic of discussion around camp fires during our time of service.
The signal was sounded, clasped hands held fast until the last moment, and then
with speaking eyes and rosy lips some (not all) sealed the parting salute. Many
cast long lingering tokens of love and regret as the train passed from sight, and
looked forward to promised letters from soldier heroes in the army and their
return. Pretty faces and bewitching smiles had captured some of the hearts of
Go's A and K.

We soon reached Hartford, Conn., only a brief stop and on we went down
the valley passing through Middletown and arriving at New Haven about eleven
o'clock, tired and sleepy. We were required to remain in the cars until the
boat for New York was ready, and a little after mid-night we marched on board
the steamboat and were soon on our way to the metropolis of the United States,
the great city that we knew of, but few had ever seen.

This was the first experience of nearly all on the briny sea, and though pro-
tected by Long Island, the waters were rough and some were sick. We arrived
in the harbor of New York in the early gray of the morning and the great
city with its harbor thronged with numerous ships, the flags of the world from
masts and bars fluttered in the breeze and greeted our astonishing gaze, and we
were entranced with wonder and amazement. It was a panoramic view, grand,
picturesque and fascinating. The whole regiment were up and were spell-bound
by the sight.

We, after some delay, reached the dock on the Jersey Shore and were soon
marching in the streets of Jersey City, a place that none of us ever forgot. The
morning was cold and breezy, thick dust filled the air. We marched and
counter marched through streets and alleys for a long time, as it seemed to me,
but finally halted in the street covered arid blinded with Jersey dust, and were
here informed that we were soon to be served with a hot breakfast, and this was
welcome news for our haversacks contained nothing very tempting.

We impatiently waited, for now we were hungry, though we had pork, cold
beef and soft bread in our haversacks, preferred to wait for a warm breakfast
with hot coffee, of which we had been assured.

In course of an hour we discovered approaching, wagons loaded with large
barrels. As they came near, one of the boys nearby remarked, "It must be,
they are the fellows that gather up the morning swill of the city for the hogs",
but when in front of our regiment they stopped, took off the heavy wooden
covers of the barrels and with long handled dippers in hand announced, "Hot
soup, boys, come right up and we will fill your tin cups with nice hot soup", and
up many of us went and held up our cups to be filled, which were quickly and
liberally supplied, but before eating we made some inspection. The appearance
of the barrels and dippers and men in charge was not very inviting, the smell
was offensive and the looks too much like common swill, and the taste was

MANSION HOUSE WHERE CHAPEAIN REV. JOSEPH SERGEANT DIED.

CAMP CARUSI, VT.

On the IVay to Washington, D. C. 73

unsavory, we had never seen or tasted anything like it before. It was hot, but
what was it, we inquired of each other. It was porridge, a combination of
vegetable and animal, so blended, cooked and mixed that none of us could make
out what to call it, and for want of a better and more proper name called it
Jersey Soup. It looked like a mixture of potatoes, sweet and Irish, rice, barley,
peas and beans, calf, lamb and ram, pork and fish, cooked and cooked, warmed
over again and again, evidently from the same barrels had been dipped day after
day the supply for other troops passing through the city. Some ate of it
sparingly, others disgusted threw it out on the ground saying it was no better
than home made' swill that filled the troughs of the pig sty at home. Most of us
resorted to our haversacks and made our breakfast on cold beef and soft bread,
and called it good, and we knew of what we ate.

We waited a long time for the cars until about ten o'clock when we started
on our way to Philadelphia, arriving in the Quaker City not far from two o'clock
in the afternoon, and were here marched direct to the commodious building at
the foot of Washington Street where all sat down to a fine, appetizing spread,
and it was much enjoyed, and we long remembered this banquet dinner that we
ate in Philadelphia, and the philanthropic and patriotic citizens that gave, and the
beautiful and fine appearing ladies that prepared and waited on the tables.

This eating house was supported by volunteer contributions and attended
by the first ladies of the city. The refreshments and surroundings here were
not much like the Jersey soup at Jersey City. For some reason we were delayed
here until six o'clock in the afternoon, and finally were packed into freight cars
to make the trip to Baltimore. These box cars had board seats, the road was
rough and dangerous, but none found fault.

While waiting in Philadelphia, companies L and M of the First Vermont
Cavalry, which had recently been recruited in Vermont, passed through on their
wa}^ to join their regiment, then just across Long Bridge between the cities of
Washington and Alexandria. Some of these we knew and recognized, namely
my uncle Josiah Sturtevant, C. H. McCarrolI, Lieut. Willard Farrington, Lieut.
Stewart Stranahan, Capt. Parsons, John W. Newton and others.

The ride to Baltimore was cold, slow, hard, dark and dismal, some of us had
not forgotten the attack on the Sixth Massachusetts Regiment in the streets of
Baltimore on their way to Washington, April 19, 1861, and we knew that Balti-
more 'was full of Rebel sympathizers, and the country around was rife with
rumors that General Lee was moving by way of Baltimore to capture Washing-
ton, which made some of us quite uneasy and apprehensive, and some feared we
might be attacked in Baltimore.

We arrived in Baltimore about three o'clock in the morning. Engines
detached and cars moved by horse power across the city. This we thought very
strange, but were informed that this course was adopted on account of danger
and rumor of attack.

We left the cars and marched with fixed bayonets in close order in wind
and rain along the dismal, slippery streets to a large brick building and up a
flight of winding stairs where we were served with soft bread and boiled ham
and hot cofl^ee.

CAMP WIDOW VIOLET IN I904.

On the Way to Washington, D. C. 75

We remained in Baltimore until mid-forenoon, before we commenced our
journey to Washington. The train from Baltimore to Washington moved slowly
and cautious, soldiers were on guard along the railroad in some places, to guard
against raids and surprise, the battles of second Bull Run, Crampton's Gap,
South Mountain and Antietam were fresh in memory still.

When within a few miles of AVashington, Butterfield of Company K, whose
head had been out most of the way night and day, cried out "Boys see there,
that must be the capitol", every head was out and we for the first time saw that
grand imposing building, a beautiful and magnificent structure of stone, iron,
marble and glass.

We arrived in Washington late in the afternoon and were placed in a build-
ing called the Soldier's Retreat for the night, a large wooden building near the
grand and imposing structure where were assembled the wisdom of the Nation
devising ways and means to carry on the war. Hot coffee and chocolate was
here furnished, and with the remaining contents of our haversacks we made out
a fairly good supper, and then spread down our rubber blankets on the bare
floor, knapsacks for pillows, overcoats and woolen blankets for a covering, laid
down for rest and sleep, all in the same building. We were weary and had had
but little sleep since leaving Brattleboro, and therefore were soon sound in sleep,
oblivious of the tumult of moving cars and screeching engines and constant
marching all about, tramp, tramp, throughout the night.

The boys slept soundly, though nothing but a rubber blanket on the bare
floor upon which to lie, but in the morning, all were much refreshed and in very
good humor. Everyone was now in haste to see the city, especially the capitol
building, Smithsonian building, Patent office and the White House, where Presi-
dent Lincoln lived, but we were soldiers and could not go anywhere except on a
regular pass from our Colonel or some other officer.

We soon discovered that we were nearby the capitol building and this we
could see without a pass from where we were. Red tape orders were now more
strenuously enforced and we demurred and submitted.

Our company officers informed us that we must not leave the building, that
hot coffee and soft bread and cold meat would be served where we were for
breakfast, and then we would be marched a mile or more east near where the
Twelfth regiment was then in camp, where our regiment also would go into
camp.

Each soldier as he gazed upon the capitol building was dumb with amaze-
ment because of its grandeur and architectural splendor, its magnificence as a
whole entranced all with wonder and admiration and we longed to make it a
visit and see the majestic rotunda, historical paintings that adorned its walls and
ceilings, hundreds of feet above, and the men of renown who made the laws of
the nation, then in the Congress; all with just pride and curiosity were anxious
to see and hear. The drum beat, and the order came "Fall in" and we marched
up the hill on the north side of the Capitol building passed the old prison, where
were confined Rebels as reported, prisoners of war, and then along the street
eastward for a mile or so and on an open field of pasture land on the soutl: side
of the street in plain view of the Potomac and the navy yard not fa'- away, and
lie'-e made our camp.

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At Camp Casey, Washington, D. C.

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This was an ideal spot for a camp, but not a building or tent or any provis-
ion whatever to protect us from wind and storm. The only thing in abundance
that we saw about us were hogs and goats, hucksters, darkeys and clouds of dust
that filled the air and covered all.

During the day fiy or shelter tents were given out, simply a piece of cotton
cloth one yard wide and two long with metal eyelets to fasten together, given
to each soldier and two of these fastened together and then supported by gun
and bayonets or sticks made a covering over our heads against sun and dew, but
no protection against wind and rain, and in twos and fours we arranged these
cotton strips as best we could, for tents, beneath which we soundly slept for the
first night in Camp Casey.

On the following day we were supplied with A and Sibly tents, and these
were fine and roomy, and when properly put up were a sufficient protection
against cold, wind and rain and these, (the A tents), were about six feet square
on the bottom and running to a peak like the shape of the letter A, six feet high
in the center, supported by a pole at each end with a pole on top over which was
placed and stretched, the well made cotton tents and all around except a small
opening on front end were fastened down to the ground with wooden pegs or
pins made for the purpose. Four and sometimes six occupied one of these
tents. The Sibly tents were circular and much larger and commodious.

We were green and entirely ignorant of the manner of putting up such
tents, for it was our first experience, but like true Yankees soon had them up in
rows according to military style and in them packed away our knapsacks, guns,
straps, etc., and were quite happy and contented.

We were hardly settled down in this camp before the Captain and other
officers were urged for passes to visit the city, camps and hospitals about Wash-
ington, but only a limited number at certain hours of the day and evening from
each company obtained them, and each must take his turn, and during every day
while in Camp Casey, the streets leading to the Capitol building were lined with
blue coats, brass buttons, commission and non-commission officers, and privates,
hurrying to and from the city, and so it was each day unless rain, squad and
company drill in the forenoon, and regimental and battalion drill in the after-
noon, review and dress parade interfered.

The Thirteenth was kept very busy during these early days of service,
because Colonel Randall was ambitious to bring his regiment into a condition
of perfection as quickly as possible.

On the i8th we were in a grand review under General Banks, and it was
rumored that we were to go with him to the Gulf which turned out to be only
Kumor, and we were thankful it was rumor.

On the 19th, our first Sunday in Washington, we were informed that after
breakfast would be Sunday Inspection at eight o'clock sharp, after which many
visited the city ostensibly to attend Church, but more particularly to see the
places of interest and gratify curiosity.

The P~irst Vermont Cavalry was in camp just across Long Bridge, and the
Tenth V^ermont was near Chain Bridge, in which regiments many of us had
relatives and acquaintances which we were anxious to see, and to these places
some visited on the passes given to attend church in the city. Bible classes

COURT HOrSE, FAIRFAX COURT UdUSK, VA.
OCTOIIKR 14. 1904.

In Camp Casey. IVashington, D. C. 79

were organized in some of the companies, and religions service held, also prayer
meetings at the close of the day, and some went over to the Twelfth Regiment
and joined with them in religious services. The regiment as a whole observed
the day as one of rest and worship.

On Thursday, the 23rd, came that storm of wind and rain, lightning and
thunder, (such a pour down of rain we had not seen before), that flooded our
camp ground, softened up the earth and then blew over our tents and scattered
things about in a hurry, and nearly all were suddenly tentless and wet to the skin.

A few of the tents did not blow down and into these the boys huddled until
the fury of the storm was over and passed, and our camp had the appearance
of contact with a cyclone, and some parts of it which was low and flat was
covered with muddy running water from two to six inches deep. It soon, how-
ever, ran off and the sun came out and before night tents were all up again in
better shape than before and everything in order, and the boys congratulated
each other that no serious damage had befallen them. We stood in the sun till
our clothing dried, our blankets, overcoats, etc., we hung up to dry on the ridge
pole of our A tents.

This experience was not without profit for we learned the nature of the soil
and was more careful about driving in the pegs and pins to hold the tents down
firm to the ground thereafter.

Some of the boys were in the city during this storm, and on return found
their belongings scattered about camp and their tents flat on the ground, but
soon, with the assistance of others, up went the tents and generally their things
were all found.

The next two days were pleasant and warm, and we were ordered out in
brigade drill. On the 25th and 26th it rained most of the time, and we could
not drill, so the boys secured passes and spent the days in the city at the capitol
building which was the chief attraction and at Smithsonian Institute, Patent
office and Treasur}' Building, White House, and up and down Pennsylvania
Avenue, of which Avenue we never tired of visiting. Some went to the navy
yard, and others Georgetown, and in the evening attended theatres and other
places of amusement.

The city and all about was teeming with busy life, night and day, an in-
creasing and never ending flow of regiments of Infantry and Cavalry and
Batteries moving through the city and passing across Long Bridge to the front.
The streets of the city were full all the time with mounted officers with their
aids and orderlies, moving rapidly to and from the many headquarters within the
city, making necessary arrangements incident to active service. Every branch
of the service seemed activel)^ engaged to prepare against an attack from Lee's
army. All ostentatious display had disappeared, it was business, more fight and
less show.

The army of the Potomac, October 28th was in the vicinity of Warrentown,
Virginia, and that of the army of northern Virginia under General Lee just
across the Rappahannock and Rapidan ready to question and resist any attempt
to cross or advance.

At Camp Casey, JVasIiingtoii. D. C. 8i

General ]\IcClellan was cautious, fearful he might lose his partially restored
prestige, secured at the battle of Antietam, and did not understand General Lee
as well as Lee understood him, and was too cautious or timid to advance.

President Lincoln had returned from a visit to McClellan's headquarters
near Antietam and was now very anxious that ;\IcClellan should push General
Lee to a fight before he reached and passed through the passes of the Blue Ridge
into the valley of Virginia.

McClellan hesitated and the situation between the two great armies facing
each other was such as to create great apprehension at Washington, because lack
of confidence in General McClellan, and therefore the utmost energy was mani-
fested by the administration to hurry troops across the Potomac into Virginia
to be ready for any emergency. The administration on November 7, 1862, for
reasons relieved General McClellan and placed General Burnside in command of
the army of the Potomac. This move created much feeling, and Presiden*
Lincoln was by some bitterly assailed and yet McClellan's course after Antietam
fully justified the change though the high hopes in General Burnside were not
realized.

No one could tell where and when to look for General Jackson, ( Stonewall
Jackson) McClellan was not, evidenth'. General Lee's equal and it was so
generally conceded, and this sentiment in and about W^ashington on the last
days of October and the first days of November accounted for the haste of the
second \'ermont Brigade, and other troops to take the field.

The Sixteenth \'ermont Regiment arrived in Washington on the 27th of
October, and went into camp near us on East Capitol Hill. We invited them to
take supper and lodging with us, and in the morning the_\' took breakfast with
the Twelfth \'ermont Regiment. About this date an order was issued to form
a brigade to be composed of the Twelfth, Thirteenth, Fourteenth, Fifteenth and
Sixteenth Regiments to be known and called the Second \'ermont Brigade.
The news of this order was ver}- gratifying to all of these new regiments, for in
this case would remain together.

It was rumored that we should soon leave the city for the front, the rank
and file knew not where, nor just when we were to start on the march. These
regiments were concentrated on the 29tli and started on the morning of the 30th,
marched down Pennsylvania Avenue through the City crossed Long Bridge
before noon, and was now in old \'irginia on our way to some place unknown at
least to the rank and file. We passed Arlington Heights from which in plain
view could be seen General Lee's grand old mansion home, (since the war used
as a National Cemetery), before we stopped for the night we were away to the
southwest some ten miles from East Capital Hill. It was our first march and
we thought it long and hard, all were pretty well jaded out. The weather of
this dav was hot and roads dusty, and our knapsacks, guns, etc., seemed heavy,
and we were tired and hungry and ready to stop long before night.

We passed several forts after crossing the Potomac on which were mounted
cannon ready for business, the names of which forts I do not recall, but some
one said that tvi'o of them were named Fort Albany and Fort Richmond. They
were what was called dirt forts on quite elevated hills, commanding the approach
to Washington from the south.

CAPT. JdUX tONERGAN, CO. A.
1862.

CAPT. JOHN LOXERGAN, CO. A,
1900.

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FIRST LIEUT. |OHN T. SINXOT'I', CO. .\,
1863.

SECOND EIEUT. DAVID II.CDEVITT, CO. A
1863.

At Camp Sczi'ord, J'a. 83

At Camp Casey on East Capital Plill occurred the first deatli in our regiment,
Isaac N. Brooks, Company F, a young boy of 18. His body was embalmed and
sent home to A'ermont by his company comrades. The sad news of his death
spread quickly through camp and all were sad for we had become as one family
and it seemed sadder to die of disease than in battle. On the 29th of October,
First Lieutenant Nathanial Jones, Jr., of Company B died of Typhoid Fever.
His body was also embalmed and sent home to A^ermont by the company to
which he belonged.

Lieutenant Jones, Jr. was the first Officer of the regiment that died, and he
within twenty days after being mustered into the United States service at Brat-
tleboro. This death was cause of deep regret and sorrow among his company
comrades, and all who knew him. These two deaths so near to each other and
so sudden was indeed a sad reminder of the havoc of disease from exposure in
army life, and warned us all to be careful.

We were now in a camp that we called Camp Seward ; a delightful spot in
an oak and pine grove with a swift running brook of pure water near at hand,
the bubbling music of which reminded us of the mountain streams of our own
native State. On our first day here we put up our tents thinking we would
remain some time. It was a nice place for a camp, rolling ground near plenty
of timber, and running water, near by, cool, clear and refreshing, the best we
had found since leaving Vermont.

On the morning of November ist, orders came to strike tents and be ready
to march. We moved about noon, the Twelfth \'ermont going with us, and
in the direction of Alexandria City. It was hot and dusty, and woolen clothing
and heavy knapsacks made marching hard, and we were obliged to stop and rest
quite often. It was new business to most of us and though hard, none com-
plained.

We passed through the city of Alexandria just at night, crossed the little
muddy stream of Hunting Creek and on its low flat banks, camped down for the
night ; and on the following day moved south on the main road leading in the
direction of Mount Vernon a mile or more, and went into camp on quite an
elevated plain covered with brush and laurel bushes and timber in abundance,
and near a large spring of water and just west of the highway leading south, and
about eight miles north of Mount A^ernon. The elevated wood land and flowing
spring influenced Colonel Randall in the selection of this camp. This place was
called Springbank, an estate owned by one George Mason. He claimed to be
neutral and objected to his grounds being used for camps and stopped the boys
from work until Colonel Randall convinced him that he was under orders to
select a suitable camp in that locality and that spot suited him the best of any
and must, for the present, locate and camp there, and would use no more wood
and timber than necessary for comfort and winter quarters, and would do as
little damage as possible. We cleaned up grounds for a camp and put up fly or
shelter tents and waited for the wagon train to arrive with the A tents, etc.

It was rumored we were to remain in this camp for some time, and the boys
were so delighted with it that they christened it Camp Vermont. On this day
while cleaning up the ground we distinctly heard booming of cannon in the
distance, apparently in the direction of south and west, and a rumor spread

SliRCT. JAMi:s li. SCi.'LLV, Co. A,

1862.

PKRGT. JAMES I!. SCULLY, Co. A,
1902.

D.WID 'I'. 1L\KD, CO. .\,

JOIIX H. HANLIX.
1862.

At Camp Vermont, J 'a. 85

through camp that General JMcClellan and General Lee were having a battle.
No one paid much attention to this cannonading, it was too common, and besides
Colonel Randall evidently did not believe McClellan would press Lee for a
battle, and yet some listened and appeared apprehensive of impending danger.

The papers from Washington reported General Lee and his army on the
south bank of the Rappahannock and in the Shenandoah A'alle)- and AlcClellan
at a safe distance in and about Warrenton, south of Bull Run battlefield, so
those who read, and the knowing ones, paid no attention to the wild rumors
lloating about camp.

It was said that General (Stonewall) Jackson was still well down the
valley near Harpers Ferry bringing up the rear of General Lee's army, and that
General Llancock was watching him in the passes of the P.lue Ridge and were
almost dail)' e.xchanging complimentary cannonading in some of the numerous
passes through the mountains into the valley.

Our A tents arrived, and on the 4th of November we Iniilt our village of
cotton tents in Camp \'ermont and settled down for the winter, supposing" we
were to stay here until the Spring campaign.

Timber was plenty and near by, and now the camp was active in building
stockades for tents and laying corduroy floors, making bunks, and filling them
with pine and cedar boughs for beds, digging shallow drains to keep water out
of tents, liurr3'ing from Alexandria with axes and hatchets, sheet iron stoves,
spiders, cups, etc., for individual use and comfort. All were busy that we might
be prepared for rain and snow, and the approaching winter.

This camp ground was beautifully situated on the high banks of the Potomac,
about a mile southwest and in plain sight of Alexandria near by, and Washing-
ton some eight miles further uii the river. One could see up and down the
Potomac from the City of AA'ashington most to ]\Iount \'ernon, and a wide
stretch of the country way to the north and east, and we often heard the signal
bell of Blount X'ernon as steamboats passed up and down.

The broad river nearby dotted with white sails, steamboats, tugs and
numerous tiny craft were passing up and down the river night and day with
soldiers, prisoners of war, the sick from the numerous hospitals, munitions of
war, food and clothing for the army, made an ever changing jiicture of which
we never tired, a ravishing sight indeed for it was new to nearly all.

This camp reminded us of Champlain \'alle)-, and we were contented and
happ)'. Quite a good man_\- farmers lived in this locality and most of them at
this time owned and kept slaves who did the work on the j)lantations and in the
houses.

I recall the name of one nearby camp, as that of Johnson. He had ten
slaves, and these colored folks were intensely loyal, but at this time extremely
cautious. jMost of the old families about s\'mpathized with the Rebel cause,
(no matter what tliey claimed about the pending conflict.)

As man}^ of the boys as could, secured passes and made almost dail)- visits
to Alexandria and W^nshington, and the first place visited at Alexandria was the
Marshall House where Colonel Ellsworth of Ellsworth Zouaves was shot by
Johnson, the owner of the hotel, while on his way down stairs from hauling down
the Rebel flag that floated in the breeze from the top of the hotel, ^lay 24, 1861,

HEMAN W. ALLEN, CO. A,
1862.

At Camp Vermont, Va. 87

the day the city was captured, and then would visit the docks, wharfs, eating
houses and the numerous camps nearby.

The industry and ingenuity of the boys made tents and camp quite home-
hke and the whole regiment was content and very well satisfied with this sightly
and apparently healthy location. A few were sick, and some longed for home
and yet the morale of the regiment was good, and nearly all were enthusiastic
in the cause that induced them to volunteer. To our great surprise as well as
the Natives about, we awoke on the morning of November 9th, with the ground
covered with snow and still falling fast, and continued most of the day. \A'ind
from the northwest and growing cold, and there fell at this time from six to
eight inches of snow, a regular New England snow storm, only earlier than it
usually occurred in Vermont.

It was unprecedented in that region so early, as the Natives informed us.
It certainly was cold and we were very fortunate, in that our tents were all up
in snug condition and there was plenty of wood and rails for fire, only a few,
however, had any means for warming their tents, but fires were built just outside
near tent openings and around these and the blazing fires at the cook tents we
gathered and hovered until warmer weather, which came in the course of two or
three daj's.

Cotton tents were not much protection against cold weather, but we huddled
together, put on our overcoats covered up with woolen blankets and managed to
keep comfortable. None were prepared, but no grumbling to any extent. Some
in camp were always finding fault and we had some of that class in the Thirteenth
Regiment.

The unpleasant thing about this snow storm for the boys, was guard and
picket duty, which must be attended to; a large detail was made each day for
the picket line, a mile or more south of our camp, extending from the Potomac
low lands westward for a number of miles, and on this picket line for twenty-
four hours in such a storm was not so pleasant an experience.

We had no tents on the picket line and we must do as best we could. We
were not even permitted to make fires on the picket line, but some did. We
were on the front line and must be vigilant, for jMosbey and other bushwhackers
infested the country to the south of our line and occasionally made raids in the
night time within our lines to kee]) the "Yanks" as they called them, stirred up.
The second Vermont Brigade were now all camped near each other and all doing
the same duty, the Fourteenth, Fifteenth and Sixteenth having arrived two
days before the snow storm. Here besides picket duty and work on Fort Lyon
we resumed regimental and brigade drills under direction of Colonel Blunt of
the Twelfth, he being the ranking Colonel of the Brigade, and therefore in charge.

This fort building business, the boys resented, saying they were ready to
fight, but digging Virginia clay in mud and water was not in the contract, and
some were sullen and ugly, and contrary, and were not a success in building
forts with spade and pick. Some three hundred a day from the Thirteenth, and
I presume an ecjual number from the other regiments, for a number of days
were detailed to work on this fort.

Fort Lyon was situated southwest from the city of Alexandria, and it
seemed a great folly, at least the boys of the Thirteenth thought so, and we made

HEMAN W. ALLEX, CO. A,

1906.

At Camp J^cnnoiit, J'a. 89

a poor show for the time spent there and were glad when told no more work
would be required from our brigade.

From information considered reliable, it was said we were to remain in this
camp for the winter, and therefore the boys renewed their efforts in preparing
for the winter, which evidently was near at hand. AVe had just passed through
one genuine New England snow storm and it was as cold as any A'ermont snow
storm in November, that any of us had experienced.

\A'e .stockaded more of our tents, plastered up the crevices with \'irginia red
clay mud, thoroughly policed the ground of the camp and its drainage was made
better, new sinks dug and well located and protected, all precautions taken as
suggested by Surgeon Nichols to avoid an}' epidemic of fever or other diseases,
for it was the experience of many northern soldiers that had seen Virginia
winters, especially along the Potomac, that chills and fevers and enteric troubles
caused many deaths, filled the hospitals and quite rapidly depleted the ranks on
account of the long lists that were discharged and sent home.

We were supplied while in this camp in great abundance, and our regular
rations was soft bread, pork and beans, rice, tea and coffee, sugar, molasses, Irish
potatoes, fresh beef, salt, pepper and vinegar, and with such rations and out
door life with guard and picket duty, drills, fatigue work in camp or at Fort
Lyon, gave us craving appetites and we ate and slept well and grew fat and
strong.

The routine duties were much the same each day, but varied now and then
by general reviews, battalion drill and rifle practice at long range.

I think that the first death that occurred at Camp \'ermont was that of
Homer C. Fletcher of Compan}- G, musician, died in camp hospital, November
i8th, 1862, and Company G, escorted by the drum corps marched to the hospital,
a brief religious service held, sermon by Chaplain Sargent. This was the first
death in Compan\- G. Three more of this compan}- died in this camp, Orange
Lackey, November 23rd, Orville K. Rogers, November 25th, and Captain Marvin
\A hite, December 13th.

Captain White was the only Captain mustered in at Brattleboro that did
not return to \'ermont alive. Flis body was sent to his home in Enosburg, A'er-
mont, and it is my recollection that all who died at Camp Vermont out of the
Thirteetnh Regiment were sent home by subscription raised in the respective
companies to which they belonged.

We had many visitors while here for we were nearby Washington and
Alexandria, and numerous camps, and officers and privates (A'ermonters)
belonging to other regiments, made frequent calls for a day or so to see some
old friend and comrade.

A soldier that Company K boys from Swanton called Stub Lawrence, who
went west from Swanton and now belonged to a western regiment, came from
the hospital at Washington to see his Swanton friends. At this camp the wives
of Burton Dean and James Kinsley of Company K, and some others joined their
husbands and remained until we moved to Fairfax Court House.

November 20th, we started v^ith the rest of our brigade to take part in a
Errand review, a division review as it was said. We marched a mile or more
beyond Alexandria, and the mud was awful deep, roads almost impassible for

TORREY W. SIBLEY, CO. A.
1862.

TORREY W. SIBEEY, CO. A,
1906.

WtELTAM R. WOODRUFF, CO. A,
1869.

WILEIAJt R. WOODRUFF, CO. A,
1906.

At Camp Vermont, Va. 91

marching, it had been raining for two days and the Virginia clay stuck to our
shoes so that it was hardly possible to lift our feet on the march. We were halted
for rest and soon an order came to return to camp with which we gladly and
cheerfully complied. It was a dirty, nasty march, and we were covered with
Virginia red clay mud to the knees.

It rained hard and fast before we reached camp, and continued all night
and the next day, and then cleared off cold with fresh northwest wind, and
again the boys were busy fixing up tents for winter quarters, for now we began
to believe that here we should remain until the Spring campaign opened, unless
General Burnside, who had just superseded General McClellan undertook to
move against General Lee and capture Richmond, which rumor said was his
purpose. But this was doubted, however, owing to the condition of the roads
and the low flat country over which he would be obliged to march his army in
order to reach Richmond, and the moving of artillery and wagon trains
over the country at this season of the year had already been found to be very
difficult. When all our tents were fixed up and we were settled down for
winter, sure that we were to remain, to our surprise and great disappointment
on the evening of November 25th, an order came about six o'clock in the evening
to pack up and be ready to march. This was business and no use of asking
questions. We obeyed and were soon on the march in the rain and mud, and
the night was like Egyptian darkness, could not see but a few feet in any direc-
tion, but on we marched until two o'clock in the morning, and arriving in a
small grove of pine trees remained until day light.

We had with us on this march, the Fourteenth and Fifteenth regiments and
all under the command of Colonel Randall of the Thirteenth, and were on our
way to occupy a front picket line along the upper Occoquan and Bull Run river.

Fires were built, and around these the boys huddled to warm and to dry
their water soaked clothing. Alany laid down near the fires, exhausted and were
soon sound in sleep, regardless of mud, rain and cold. The ground was wet and
damp beneath, and the rain was falling fast overhead. We had marched many
miles in the darkness of the night and were tired out, and sleep the most and
pretty much all did, (but the guard about the camp), until aroused by the din of
camp making preparations to continue the march.

Soon after daylight we lunched on soft bread and boiled pork from our
haversacks, and took up the line of march, and arrived at Union ]\Iills about
noon, where we went into camp, and here we did picket duty along the upper
Occoquan and Bull Run.

The Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth regiments were all near each
other, and nearby Bull Run battlefield, the slaughter house of two great battles,
both humiliatmg and ought not to have occurred.

Union Mills which was the headquarters of our present location was situated
on the railroad, rimning from Alexandria south. There was plenty of timber in
this locality and the numerous camp fires necessary for comfort made our camp
in the night an attractive sight.

Our tents were left at Camp Vermont and did not reach us for a week, and
therefore camp life at this spot doing picket duty was far from pleasant or
attractive, — the novelty of picket duty at the front was fast disappearing.

PETER SHIATT, CO. A.
1862,

PETER SITIATT, CO. A,
1906.

ALLIEN G. FRISBIE, CO. A.,
1863.

AIvLEN G. FRISBIE, CO. A.,
1906.

At Camp Vermont, Va. 93

Many of us while here visited Bull Run battlefield, and we found plenty of
evidence of deadly struggle, carnage and destruction, and in many places, the
dead had not been properly buried, and the shallow graves and trenches evidently
were hastily and carelessly covered, and the rain and wind exposed to view
those who had been slain in battle some three months before. And some had
on the blue and some the gray, friend and foe sleeping their last sleep together,
and no one knew who they were, only that they belonged to the armies of
General Lee and General Pope, who fought the battle of second Bull Run in
August and September, previous to our visit there.

We shrank from the horrible sights. We knew these brave boys had been
buried less than ninety days, and our hearts were sad, because we felt here was
neglect and lack of proper care of the heroic dead. \A^e knew at this time but
a little of the hard and strenuous realities of desperate warfare.

Our A tents and other camp equipage arrived by cars from Alexandria on
the 29th, and we soon had up our tents around about Union Mills, and now
again were protected from the unusual inclemency of the season.

On December 2nd and 3rd, some three or four New York regiments came
to relieve us, and on the morning of the 4th we received orders to move back
to Camp Vermont.

We struck tents on the 5th and, with everything on board, took cars for
Alexandria on our way back to Camp Vermont, arriving at Alexandria about
dark. No teams were there to move our baggage, many of the boys of the
Thirteenth and Fourteenth regiments left the cars and marched up to their old
quarters, which they had hurriedly and regretfully left on the 26th of November,
reaching camp in the face of a blinding snow storm, necessarily leaving their
tents on the cars at Alexandria.

Those who marched back to camp that evening were welcomed and accom-
modated with supper and lodging by the Twelfth and Sixteenth, which we had
left behind only a few days before, quite a numerous guard remained with the
tents and baggage on the cars, and managed to pile up boxes and tents on the
f^at bottom cars to protect them from the blinding snow storm.

Colonel Randall and a number of other officers found comfortable quarters
in a house nearby. In the morning snow covered the ground from four to six
inches, and it was cold and raw, wind blowing blizzard-like from the west.
Colonel Randall was out early in the morning making arrangements to move
up to Camp Vermont. Teams were soon on hand and our tents and other
baggage in a short time were moving across Hunting Creek Bridge, winding up
around the hills on the west side past Fort Lyon, on the way to our old Camp.

We found our stockades as we had left them but a few days before, all in
position, and each squad of tentmates knew their old quarters, and it did not
take the boys long to spread their tents over and fasten them down to the logs
as before, and long before night our cotton city of white was again built and
occupied, and though tired, all were happy and glad to be back in Camp Vermont
once more for the winter, this time sure.

This was Saturday, and we made haste regardless of snow, mud and cold
or wind to be ready for rest and quiet on Sunday. The regiment had been on
the run so much from place to place since setting our feet on Virginia soil, it

94 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers.

was difficult to keep track of even the days of the week. Sunday morning opened
clear and cold and the boys were vexed to think the orderly Sergeants should
disturb their slumbers at six o'clock in the morning by that now familiar sound
"Fall in. Fall in for roll call", but no one stood long in line and quickly after
responding to his name, crawled back into his tent.

We soon learned that there would be no Sunday inspection on this day, and
for this we were very thankful, for we could not have arranged to have appeared
in decent condition as to arms and clothing without working most of the day.

Our Colonel took in the situation and issued orders to omit the usual Sunday
inspection.

On our return from Union Mills and Bull Run, where we had been for
two weeks doing picket duty, the boys began to receive boxes from home contain-
ing chicken pies, roasted and stulTed chickens and turkeys, mince pies, fruit
cake, butter and cheese, etc., which were Thanksgiving dinners sent from our
homes.

These were welcomed dainties and came in due season, and in pretty good
condition, some of the boxes had been roughly handled and contents considerably
mixed up, but nothing was wasted, though jammed and a little stale, but all
good.

These palatable edibles brought fresh to mind the scenes of the old New
England Thanksgiving Dinner and those who gathered around the well laden
tables at home, and our eyes moistened, and for the moment we wished our-
selves back mingling with our accjuaintances in the merry making and festivities
of the season.

We had Thanksgiving dinners though a little later than usual, but on the
installment plan. The boys in each tent that had been so fortunate as to receive a
box. a special spread was made, and if any comrade had been forgotten or a
promised box had not arrived, such were sought out and invited in, and so
from day to day as boxes arrived from Washington and Alexandria, brought
to our camp by our regimental teams, we continued our feasting while in Camp
Vermont.

We heard by letters that boxes had been sent and most of them reached
us, but some never, and though we went by delegations to Washington and
Alexandria and searched the carloads of boxes received and stored in express
companies' warehouses, did not find all, and these boys were bitterlv disappointed,
for in some of these boxes that were lost were boots from the home shoemaker,
woolen socks that mothers had spun and knit, writing paper and envelopes and
postage stamps, loaf sugar and brandy for cold and diarrhoea, and other thmgs,
we had found c|uite useful and had written home for.

We had plenty of army food in this cam]i, but the change to home-made was
agreeable, and above all it was cooked and made and packed under the loving
care of mothers at home, whose solicitude for their boys in the army was the
absorbing thought day and night.

Benedict's History of \'ermont in the Civil War says that General E. H.
Stoughton visited Camp \'ermont on Sunday, the "th of December, the very
next day after our return from picket duty near Bull Run battlefield. The
news soon spread throughout camp and all were making anxious inquiries con-

At Camp J'ermont, J'a. 95

cerning him and his purposes. The knowing ones doubtless were aware why
he made this visit to our camp at this time, but the ofiicers of the Line and the
rank and file were equally surprised when it was announced that he was present.
We were informed that he had been made a Brigadier General and had been
assigned to duty and placed in command of the Second \"ermont Brigade. This
was a great surprise, and to some of the officers a grievous disappomtment.

The Thirteenth Regiment believed their Colonel was the man for the place,
and that the selection should have been made from the Field officers of the
several regiments of our brigade, and in fact rumor had mentioned Colonels
Randall and Blunt, as likely to be made Brigadier General of volunteers and
placed in command of the second \'ermont Brigade. But influences of which
we knew not of (always mysterious) had prevailed, and an officer that we knew
nothing of, nor he of us, was now in command of our brigade and all were
disappointed, and some disgusted.

We had of course expected a Brigadier General, but \ think the advent of
General Stoughton among us was a complete surprise. He was known to quite
a number of the Field Officers of our Brigade who had served with him in the
old Vermont Brigade, while he was Colonel of the Fourth Vermont and com-
manded that Regiment during the Peninsular Campaign and in the battles of
Crampton Gap and Antietam, with ability and bravery, and had won for himself,
an enviable record as a commander of a regiment on many bloody fields of
desperately fought battles. He had been educated at the United States Military
Academy, West Point, and served as an officer in the regular army. All of
which justified his recommendation and appointment as Brigadier General oi
Volunteers.

The Thirteenth Regiment was considerably disappointed for they had become
much attached to Colonel Randall and sincereh' believed that ability, experience,
age and more than ordinary prowess made him an ideal candidate for promotion
to the position of Brigadier General, but such was not to be. and in the light of
.subsequent history, perhaps it was well that Colonel Randall remained in com-
mand of his own Regiment.

General Stoughton was now in command and he was anxious to demonstrate
his fitness for the distinguished honor conferred. Scarcely anything else was
talked of in camp on this Sunday, but General Stoughton and what would be
now done, and whether we should remain in Camp A'ermont for the winter or
go elsewhere. Notwithstanding rumor, we commenced again on Monday morn-
ing to rechink our stockades with red clay and make ready ( as fast and well
as possible), our tents and surroundings with the expectation of remaining here
during the winter, and in a day or two all was ready again for winter and the
routine of camp resumed. Some of the boys had returned from Union Mills
sick, suffering with bad colds and diarrhoea from exposure and some had been
injured on the midnight march on the way to Union Mills.

We began now to realize the strenuous life of being a soldier and looked
forward with apprehension concerning the future, not because of cowardice, but
rather, whether we should be able under all circumstances to acquit ourselves as
good soldiers with credit, and honor to our regiment. State and Nation. But
few of us I think (perhaps not any), regretted their enlistment, and these if any,

C.XPT. OUC.\S C. \Vl.r.Dl-:E. CO, I'.

1862.

CAP']'. OKC.\S C. WILDER, CO.
1900.

:P :'.W*--

-?*^.

^1^^:53?*"

LUiUT. NATI[.\XIFJ, JONl-'.S JR.. CO. I!
1862.

LIKUT. CLHSSON R. MCKLROV, CO. II,
1863.

At Camp Vermont, Va. 97

there were, said not a word, and made the best of the situation, and did their
duty faithfully and well.

One can imagine our surprise and disappointment after being assured we
were most likely to remain here until Spring, when the order came for the
second time, now from General Stoughton, on the evening of December nth to
be ready to march at daylight on the morning of the 12th.

Before we could go to sleep our knapsacks and haversacks, and everything
must be made ready to strike tents before daylight, and be ready to move at
the word "Fall in."

We had been back in our old camp about one week and it now seemed like
home, and all were comparatively happy, the very name (Vermont), gratified
our pride and gave contentment.

Camp Vermont was indeed a beautiful spot, on an elevated table land over-
looking a broad stretch of the Potomac Valley from Washington to ^Mount
Vernon with the wooded hills and fertile valleys of Maryland to the east, the
still running waters of the broad Potomac at our feet, a living picture by night
and by day, carrying up and down soldiers, munitions of war, prisoners, sick and
wounded, constantly reminding one of desperate warfare.

The city of Alexandria was considerably dilapidated and neglected, but now
was the great depot of the government for shipments of food and other supplies
to and for the army, and the city of Washington some ten miles up the Potomac
in plain view, and on both banks of the river as far as the eye could see the
whole country seemed covered with white tents, the homes of the great army of
soldiers preparing for aggressive warfare and the defense of AVashington. All
were sorry to leave this delightful place so accessible to Alexandria and Wash-
ington, numerous camps. Mount Vernon and other places of historical interest.

When the order came to move again so soon, many of our boys were absent
on passes, visiting Washington, Alexandria and Mount Vernon and nearby
camps, two from each company had been sent to Washington for mule teams,
for those we first had for some reason, were turned over to the government when
we were out at Union Mills. Mule teams we must have for tents and other
baggage could not be moved, and hence a detail of twenty, (the author being
one), were sent on a mission to Washington for mule teams. We reached the
city of Washington and found the place where the mules were harnessed and
hitched up for distribution, but others were there also, for teams and we were
informed must wait until our turn came. We, Yankee like, out of curiosity
watched the niggers, catch, harness and hitch up these green raw mules and saw
how they acted when turned over to other details to be taken to different camps,
and our curiosity was fully and suddenly satisfied, and were now anxious to find
some manner of escape from duty, for a ride back to Camp Vermont with raw
mules hitched up for the first time we were anxious to avoid. We held a con-
sultation and it was agreed so far as driving and riding green mules from Wash-
ington to Camp Vermont, that distance from such mules was our only safety.
Even the niggers who grabbed the mules by their long ears in their endeavor to
handle and harness in the rough and tumble scramble were not able to keep
top more than half of the time, and it was difficult to tell some of the time as
they rolled and tumbled about which was mule and which nigger. It was about

LIKU'r. KDWJN 1-. PALMER, CO. B,
1862.

LIEUT. EDWIX ^. PALMER, CO. B,
1900.

SERC.T. r,i{OR(;i': n. novcE, CO. b,
1864.

SERGT. GEORGE 0. liOYCE, CO. B,
1905.

At Camp Vermont, Va. 99

an even thing, and we decided to return as we came and report that we had to
wait and come again. We were sick of our job, not so much of a picnic as we
had anticipated, and from what we knew and saw of mules rather be shot than
kicked by a green mule.

We remained over night at the Soldier's Retreat where we were cordially
received after showing our passes, disclosing the purpose of our visit to th*
city. We, the detail, had decided to return without mules and spent the day in
the city, started back in season to reach camp about nine o'clock, when our
approach would not be seen. The author was to make the report and give the
reasons for returning empty-handed. We reached camp about ten p. m., and
learned that an order had been made to move at daylight next morning. This
was we thought fortunate, and we said not a word, only no mules ready and must
return another day.

The regiment started at daylight and in the haste and confusion, not a word
said about teams. The whole brigade was on the march as reported for Fairfax
Court House twenty miles away. The detail reached Camp Vermont late in the
afternoon, tired out and anxious too, for the air was full of wild rumors as to
the location of the Rebel Army. It had been reported some days before that
General McClellan had been dismissed in disgrace and his army from the highest
in rank to the humblest private were indignant, and there was much excitement
because of the change when in the face of the enemy, making ready for battle
with General Lee. It was claimed that General McClellan had been removed
because of his dilatory pursuit of Lee. He had proven himself an equal with
Lee at Antietam or Strasburg and had been following General Lee towards
Winchester and Warrenton under the urgent directions of President Lincoln,
not to permit General Lee to get awa}' without engaging him in battle. We of
the 13th and the whole of the Second A'ermont Brigade as well, were informed
through the newspapers and other sources as to McClellan's and Lee's movements
subsequent to the battle of Antietam, and every camp was full of exciting stories
concerning the two great armies, and we who were fresh and green in the service
were much wrought up and somewhat alarmed at each rumor of approaching
battle, and it was not strange that many believed we were on the way to take
part in another Bull Run defeat. We knew nothing as to the plan of campaign
now in progress, and were soldiers for a purpose and were ever willing to go
whenever and v/herever directed. Not one enlisted, expecting a holiday pleasure
trip to Washington and return.

We arrived at Fairfax Court House late in the afternoon tired out, and the
surroundings were not inviting, all was confusion, troops moving in direction
of Centerville, Manassas and Warrenton in support of General Burnside now in
command of the army of the Potomac, and no one seemed to know what was
to be done with our brigade. We made ourselves as comfortable as possible and
patiently waited for further orders. The weather was quite fine and we got
along very well with shelter tents, and the houses we built with pine boughs in
the woods.

During the night of the 15th, rain in torrents fell, and long before daylight
those who were not well tented and covered, were wet to the skin with dripping
clothing, cold and shivering, standing about our campfires with rubber blankets

SERGT. H. AI.nKF, DIvWFA', t'l).
1862.

si'.Kt.'i'. :.;i:krill i>. li'ce. co. r.
i8(::2.

Sl{R('.'r. AKI'l'lTS 'I'llAVER, C". P.,
1862.

SERGT. RUSSELL D. STLSllV, CD. li,
1863.

At Camp Fairfax Court House, Va. loi

over their shoulders to dry and warm. The rain fell fast and we piled on the
pine limbs and trees and kept up a roaring, blazing hot fire till the rain was over.
We did not have any special duty and it was thought we should move or take
the place of those who had just arrived evidently waiting to hear from Burnside,
who was, as we there learned at Fredericksburg, fighting with General Lee.

The hurrying of troops in the direction of the army of the Potomac then at
Fredericksburg indicated to us that Burnside was in need of support and his
crossing of the Rappahannock was being contested by General Lee. The wind
on the 13th and 14th was southerly, and we distinctly heard way to the south
the deep rumbling of cannonading which we believed to be the forces of Burn-
side and Lee at Fredericksburg some 30 miles away. Our A tents, etc., having
reached Fairfax station by cars, the boys hurried down in squads and brought
them on their shoulders to camp, such as were most needed and soon had them
up and occupied, and all again were snugly housed and quite comfortable though
rations were short, but in the course of a couple of days there was plenty.

On the 1 8th were ordered out on the meadowlands northwest of the Court
House for brigade drill with General Stoughton in command. About this date
a case of small pox was reported and an order came to have all vaccinated which
was promptly done, though some objected because scars could be plainly seen
on arms and legs, but the order must be executed and it was. While here, the
regiments one at a time were sent out to Centerville on picket duty, and the 13th
regiment went out on the 20th, returning on the 24th. We took only shelter
tents and had a rough, raw time of it and all were glad to return to camp and
occupy company quarters and feed at the cook tents where there was always
plenty of hard tack, salt pork and beef, hot coffee, rice, pork and beans, etc.

Our first march from this camp was out to Centerville some eight miles
westerly from camp to a little village of whitewashed houses so common in this
part of Virginia, with large stone chimneys at one end on the outside, and now
in part occupied by negroes, our forces occupied such as were needed for com-
missary and quartermasters stores and headquarters for officers, and not far
away were the abandoned barracks partially tumbled down, built and occupied by
General Lee's army in the winter of 1861 and 1862.

The 13th remained in Centerville all night and in the morning marched two
miles further on and occupied the old barracks which were the winter quarters
of General Beauregard's troops the winter before, and these were comfortable
and must have been when made first-class for soldiers, log houses or huts well
brjilt and well located, now dirty but still very satisfactory for protection, for
here we could build fires and keep warm, and cook and make coffee and tea.
Our regiment was now on the outer picket line of Infantry duty (Videtts still
beyond.) We remained on the picket line 48 hours and returned to camp on
the 24th, being relieved by one of the other regiments in our brigade, the 14th
as I recollect it. While here a quarrel occurred among three Cavalrymen out
at Centerville, one being shot, the arrest of the murderer, subsequent court
martial, and trial that condemned him to be shot for his rash act and also the
firing on and killing a first Virginia Cavalryman by a resident Secesh, and
the burning of his house by the Lieutenant of the Company to which the

CORP. FORDIS (). IIUSHXEI.L, CO. I!,
1862.

CORP. FORDIS O. BUSH NELL. CO. P.,
1904.

EDW.\RD A. FISK, CO. B,
1862.

EDWARD A. ElSK, CO. B,
1904.

At Camp Fairfax Court House, I 'a. 103

Cavalr3^man killed belonged. The Secesh. escaped, or he would likely have been
shot.

Our regiment spent Christmas in camp and no duty. We thought of home
and knew that many a stocking would not be found in its accustomed place, and
the usual Christmas dinners and parties likely in many homes would be omitted
because of fathers and sons in the army. I recall that our cooks made extra
efforts to have something nice for dinner on this Christmas day. We had pork
and beans that had been roasted and baked all night in a bed of coals hot for
dinner, boiled rice with good sale molasses or muscavade sugar, old government
Java coffee, nice hard tack, (worms all shook out), sweet potatoes and corned
beef, and all this cooked in good shape. We thought it a dinner fit for a king,
and all were merry.

Religious exercises were held in the afternoon. We were thankful to be
able to recognize the birthday of the lowly Nazarene in camp in this manner.
We were busy each day occupied in battalion and brigade drill, dress parade,
guard duty, regimental details for picket out near Bull Run and Centerville.

On the 28th, at the usual Sunday inspection, Captain Lonergan in his
characteristic way refused to bring out his company and was immediately placed
under arrest for disobedience of orders. All of which amounted to nothing
more than a little diversion and something to talk about. The Captain was too
shrewd a man not to have ready at hand plenty of reasons to justify his action,
which were accepted and all was again serene. The captain was of course
reported to General Stoughton and by his orders placed under arrest. While it
was necessary to maintain discipline and good order among officers as well as
privates, yet sometimes we were inclined to be too exacting over trivial questions
of apparent neglect and omission, and be too hasty in formation of judgment
that under similar circumstances would not again be made. But this Sunday,
the 28th, was an eventful one for the Second Vermont Brigade. We were out
on the front picket line and General Lee's Cavalry were liable to pounce upon us
at any hour of the day or night and our General was on the sharp lookout to be
ready to meet and repel any attack of Cavalry raiders that might come in that
direction. We had heard cannon way to the south and some said it was near
Dumfrees and doubtless it was known at Washington that General J. E. B.
Stuart of Lee's army had crossed the Rappahannock and was on his way north
on a raid.

It was known by General Stoughton late in the afternoon that Stuart had
reached Burks Station moving north, the long roll was heard almost simultaneous-
ly in each regiment and suddenly came the order to fall in, and we were hurriedly
marched to the Court House village and here we found our General with his
numerous staff mounted and ready. The regiments were placed in the most
advantageous positions and directions given to the commander of each regiment,
and there we quietly waited, momentarily expecting the approach of Rebel
cavalry. It was then claimed that General Stuart had with him, 4,000 strong,
which fact made some of us uneasy for our numbers were small. The i6th
regiment at the railroad station some four miles away and Colonels Blunt and
Randall were attending a court martial at Alexandria eighteen miles distant.

JAMES K. HARTWELL, CO.
1904.

DEXTi;R PARKER, CO. c,

IS63.

DORRIC SMI'I'H STODDARD, CO. B^
1900.

AUGUSTUS SHONTEEE, CO. B,
1904.

At Camp Fairfax Court House, Va. 105

Our light battery cannon were so placed in position to command the open country
and the roads from the south and east.

About eleven o'clock the approach of cavalry was heard coming up the pike
from whence Hooker and Schermerhorn of Stoughton's staff had been sent to
reconnoitre, and had just returned in hot haste pursued by Stuart's raiders.
Companies "B and G of the 12th under Captains Ora Paul and Ebenezer J.
Ormsbee were down the pike in the timber and bushes there waiting the ap-
proach of the cavalry, anxious to have the first chance to fire. Up the pike came
our videttes being followed by a troop of Rebel Cavalry which was soon within
rifle range.

Captains Paul and Ormsbee greeted General Stuart's raiders with a simul-
taneous discharge of 100 Springfield rifles from Companies P) and G of the 12th
'Regiment, which caused a sudden halt and a hasty retreat. The raiders now
realized to their chagrin and dismay that we were ready to give them a warm
reception. Stuart turned off to the right, built fires as if to camp, but to really
mislead, and then made his way around to the east of Fairfax Court House, and
continued northerly and west to Aldie and back from whence he came without
achieving much honor or securing any booty, and certainly with loss of some
dead and wounded and loss of horses, carbines and revolvers.

There was one bold rider with Stuart on that night that rode with his eyes
wide open, and he profited by what he saw and again came that way, as you
must remember, and of this incident we will make mention later.

The 13th was commanded in this first battle of our brigade by Lieutenant
Colonel Brown, and the manner in which he led us up to the Court House and
placed us in position and carefully watched ever}' detail of movement and took
the regiment to the rifle pits just east of the village, and personally superintended
locating our position on the field, his activity and prompt response to General
Stoughton's every call while arranging to meet the attack that we knew was ap-
proaching in force, his words of caution, cheer and encouragement, his general
bearing and cool and deliberate conduct as we lay in waiting for many hours,
dispelled our every doubt, if an}' there was, of Lieutenant Colonel Brown's
efficiency, courage and fearless bravery to command, and he gave promise that
the regiment would be valiantly led and fought when the enemy came within
reach of our guns. The night was still, and we heard the approach coming up
the frozen pike miles away and the magnitude of noise and clatter of hoof and
rattle of sabre told us that the force was strong in numbers and we had only
two regiments in the front line, the 12th and 13th, and the 14th in support, and
the 15th on the picket line miles away, and Colonel Veazey with the i6th had
been sent to Fairfax Station to guard the army supplies there.

We had a part of a Connecticut battery, four guns in position with ex-
perienced officers and gunners and all were ready and anxious to try a fight and.
see how it would come out. It was a beautiful moonlight night, we could see
distinctly the wood and meadowland, hills and valleys, houses, our own camps
with its manv fires, and down the pike a mile or more up which General Stuart
and his command was rapidly coming, and they, the same bold fighters that had
fought many a hard battle since the opening of the war.

LESTER K. DOW, CO. B,
1864.

LESTER K. DOW, CO. B,
1905-

SAMUEL .T. DANA, CO. B,
1862.

SAMUI'X .T. DANA, CO. B,
1906.

At Camp Fairfax Court House, Va. 107

We saw the head of the Rebel cohimn coming, the canoneers were read}
to fire when ordered, and we were m the rifle pits standing in position, guns
loaded and capped, expecting every second to hear the order "fire", but when
less than one-half mile away, we saw a flash and heard the crash and roar of
musketry and hurried commands of officers, and then a rapid retreat moving off
to our left. Our battery sent a few shells among them and soon all was quiet
again, and the enemy we thought was about to move around our left flank and
get behind and form a junction with the troops that had, we supposed come
up on our right. We were hastily moved on the double quick to the left and
rear to guard against any attack on our left flank or rear.

General Stuart was evidently satisfied that we were ready and likely would
not run. We had read of the battles of First and Second Bull Run, and what a
disgraceful stampede our forces made from that nearby battlefield, and said to
ourselves no matter who or what comes, we will stay and defend our position

General Stuart moved around at a safe distance, and we saw nor heard no
more of him. Of course we did not undertake to overtake cavalry with in-
fantry. We remained out all night and returned to our camp in the early morn-
ing ready for rations and sleep. The complimentary expressions of the boys
on our return concerning the good conduct of Lieutenant Colonel Brown and
Major Clark was very flattering to them; this was their first opportunity, and
they gave a good account of themselves, and from that night Lieutenant Colonel
Brown had the full confidence of the regiment as a dashing, cool headed, brave
soldier and leader.

An incident worthy of note should not be passed by without mention.
Colonel Randall was absent attending a court martial trial at the city of Alex-
andria, and learning of General Stuart's contemplated raid in the direction of
Fairfax Court House quickly mounted his horse which was fleet of foot and a
good one and with spur and bridle urged his splendid steed in order that he
might reach Fairfax Court House and his regiment before General Stuart made
his appearance, thinking it possible that no information had reached General
Stoughton of Stuart's coming raid. This was a wild ride along the pike from
Alexandria to Fairfax Court House in the dead of the night, realizing that
Stuart and his command might be met at any moment, but the Colonel took in
the whole situation and covered the distance of eighteen miles as quick as any
horse and rider that ever passed that way, taking every chance of arriving
ahead of Stuart's raiders, but General Stuart reached the Court House flrst,
and had been received by rifle and cannon and retreated, turning off to the east
and crossing the same pike that Colonel Randall was urging along his horse, white
with sweat and foam, pressing hard to reach camp and passed along the pike
only a moment before the Rebel raiders reached and crossed it ; a minute later
Colonel Randall would have met them on the pike and likely been captured. It
is certain had he not covered the distance from Alexandria to Fairfax Court
House in so short a time he would have been intercepted by General Stuart and
killed or captured, and thus it was, through the war, some apparently trifling,
unimportant incident made Generals, won glory and renown or retired efficient,
brave officers in disgrace and oblivion and the loss of battles and useless slaughter
of valiant soldiers.

ZIBA MCAIXISTER, CO. B,
1862.

ZIBA MCAI^LISTER, CO. B,
1906.

BURT J. CHAMBERI,IN, CO. B,
1863.

ISURT J. CHAMllERLIX. CO.
1907.

At Camp Fairfax Court House, Va. 109

Randall's dash along the pike to reach his regiment was not luck or because
it was so to be, but because of a single purpose to forward which every effort
of mind and body of horse and rider was united to reach Fairfax Court House
and his regiment before too late. The cheers that greeted our beloved Colonel
as he rode among us showed our hearty appreciation and thankfulness for his
safe return, and our confidence in his ability to lead. Colonel Randall was not,
aware of Stuart's cavalry so near at hand nor the close chance he run of capture
until after his arrival.

Colonels Randall and Blunt started from Alexandria together for Fairfax
Court House, and as they drew near, Blunt fell a little behind, and the Rebel
General and his daring warriors were on the pike between him and Randall,
and he. Blunt, had to turn his horse back and wait till morning before venturing
to make camp. It is no wonder that General Stoughton and Colonel Randall
were alarmed and apprehensive when they heard of the approaching raid toward
Fairfax Court House, for they knew of him in the Peninsular campaign, of his
raid around General McClellan and his whole army when before Richmond, and
knew of his push and prowess at First and Second Bull Run and of his great
ability as a cavalry leader and fighter.

It may not be out of place to mention here that Major General J. E. B.
Stuart was mortally wounded at the battle of Yellow Tavern, May nth, 1864,
distant only about six miles from Richmond at thf head of his command on
what was called General Sheridan's raid. General Stuart died the following
day. In his death, the Confederacy lost the most fearless, able and distinguished
cavalry commander that drew a sabre in the cause of the Confederacy, and it
may be truthfully stated that he took equal rank with any cavalry officer of the
Union armies. No officer exhibited great^er bravery and daring under all
circumstances than General Stuart. His untimely death was as great a loss,
as any officer or soldier to the Confederate cause from first to last. He was
conscientious and true, and it is too bad that he died in such a cause.

On the following day all was quiet, but all sorts of stories were rife through-
out our camp, hair breadth escapes and bold and valiant conduct, etc., was the
burden of conversation wherever two, three or more gathered, — some of the
boys were prone to magnify their bravery and skill as marksmen. One might
well have thought, from what was said in the morning, that at least one hundred
saddles had been emptied and scores of horses killed or captured, and many
prisoners wounded, down the pike where Companys B .and G of the 12th fired
on the advancing columns, some in their enthusiasm claimed the ground was
strewn with the dead, but in fact only two or three killed or died from wounds,
two made prisoners, a few carbines and pistols, a half dozen of riderless horses,
a few straps and caps told the story of the result, and not a man or a horse hurt
on our side, some were frightened and thus ended our first battle, though net
sanguinary, it furnished us with knowledge of ourselves and gave us confidence
that served us well on the bloody field of Gettysburg. My own diary and those
of Fifer John Brough of Company K and Peter G. Dewey of Company I, say
the wounded were carried away and the dead quietly and silently buried at dead
of night in retired and secluded places. We found none of their dead or

BYRON _T. STOCKWELI,, CO. B,
1862.

BYRON J. STOCKWELL, CO. B,
1907.

AI^BERT D. B.VRNARD, CO. B,
1862.

J. JULIAN DUMAS, CO. B,
1902.

At Camp Fairfax Court House, Va. m

wounded, but the ground about told the story of dead and wounded, but how
many we never knew. *

We learned that raids and battles and other duties were not delayed on
account of the Sabbath day. The 30th and 31st inspection and dress parade,
and on January ist, 1863, were excused from duty and one and all, in some
manner, celebrated the day. Our boys engaged in a game of ball, the old style.
None were killed or wounded, but lots of fun, and there prevailed social
equality alike between officers and privates. Quite a number of our regiment
were in the hospital. Lieutenant Marsh of Company K was on the 31st, sent
up to the Court House reported dangerously sick with tyhpoid fever, but
generally the 13th was in good health and the morale satisfactory. The author
visited Lieutenant Marsh on this ist day of January, and found him seriously
sick with fever and returned and reported to Captain Blake and Lieutenant
Brown of Company K that grave doubts were expressed by Surgeon Nichols and
nurse Comstock as to recovery ; this was sad news to Company K, for all were
very much attached to the gentle, kindhearted and modest Lieutenant. It was
now evident that we were to remain here for some time. Headquarters had
been established up at the Court House, and we had been again mustered for
pay and were told to fix up tents, etc. for the winter. We had done this a
number of times, and then moved suddenly, leaving our stockades, wooden
chimneys, dirt and stone fire places, sheet iron stoves, etc., behind vexed and
disappointed, and we were slow and reluctantly, set about preparing for winter.
A few stockaded their tents, but most contented themselves with making tem-
porary improvements, expecting, any day, orders to move. Our time was now
spent in battalion and brigade drill, guard and picket duty, and making our tents
more comfortable as we now suffered some from cold weather.

The boys received, while here, many boxes from home, the contents of which
gladdened our eyes and satisfied our appetites and more, these New Year's gifts
fresh from home were kind and generous reminders that our dear mothers were
anxious for our comfort and happiness, and were counting the days that would
bring us back to them and home.

Colonel Randall was not satisfied with our camp ground, and selected an-
other about a mile away, and the boys were set to work and kept busy clearing
and cleaning up the new ground, building stockades, etc., ready to make the
change. The weather was snow, rain, hail, sunshine and clouds, cold and warm,
occasionally all kinds on the same day. Many were sick, and the hospital was
full and quite a number had been sent to Vermont hospitals, some had been dis-
charged because unfit for further service, and some that had secured discharges
were happy to leave for home. It was just as well, for some of them never
should have volunteered into such a dangerous and strenuous life, and if they
had remained in the service would have proved of but little value in battle.

Just as we had finished up our new camp ground ready to move, orders
came to make ready to march, and long before daylight we were awakened by
the reveille that called us to be ready to move at seven o'clock in the morning
And on January 20th, we left Fairfax Court House and marched to Wolf Run
Shoals some fifteen miles away to the high banks of Upper Occoquan River and
on the north bank in a pine and oak grove. The 12th regiment moved with us

LEVI NELSON, CO. B.
1862.

M. FRANKLIN ATKINS, CO. T,.
1862.

ALBERT WILLEY, CO. B,

ALBERT WILLEY, CO. B,

ilHIIIIiillllllil^^

At Camp Wolf Run Shoals, Va. 113

to this place. The 14th, 15th and i6th with the Connecticut battery remained
at and near Fairfax Station, to which place was sent forward from Alexandria,
food, clothing and other supplies for the troops in that section. The 13th was
satisfied to make the change, for it seemed to be (the Court House) an unhealthy
location, such had been the case with our brigade. The land about was flat and
the water supply very poor, many were down with typhoid fever, measles, colds,
and many suffered with enteric diseases, and some serious cases of chronic
diarrhcEa. Many had died and some quite suddenly and the surgeons advised a
change. No one regretted leaving the Court House village behind, for there
was nothing in sentiment or scenery or past success, no ties of any kind save our
dear comrades sick in the hospital, to hold us there. The long list of boys who
had been placed under arrest, by order of General Stoughton, and marched off
to the guard house, for neglecting to attend brigade drill was not pleasant to
think of, and these were anxious and willing to get out of sight and hearing of
our Commander.

The rain had made the hauling of tents and other baggage an almost im-
possible task, and it was raining the day we started for Wolf Run Shoals, and
our mule teams could take only small loads, the wagon wheels were so loaded
down with Virginia mud that it was quite load enough, and hence only a part
of the tents could be taken on that day and a detail was made to remain behind
as guard of the camp until teams returned. The author was one who remained
behind, two from each company remaining to watch, guard and care for the
property left in camp, and see that everything was properly loaded when the
teams returned.

Our regiment had accumulated quite a large quantity of rations for many
were sick and none cared for pork, salt beef and hard tack, and each company
owned the extra rations left on hand. I recall that company K had on hand at
this time, when our regiment left for Wolf Run Shoals, nine barrels of nice salt
pork, two barrels of salt beef, three or four boxes of hard tack, fairly good and
quite free from worms, a quantity of rice, and unless all of this extra food was
disposed of before camp finally abandoned, then the nearby pretended Unionists
would appear like buzzards and carry it away, and therefore those who remained
in charge would generally dispose of it to the citizens in exchange for corn meal,
apples, sweet potatoes, cider, milk, butter, honey, etc., and always at ruinous
prices even when in exchange for the barter they brought.

The citizens knew we would not draw it off so were reluctant to buy, rather
wait till we had gone and then help themselves. We never could get money
from those who lived near our camps, for they had none unless Confederate
bills, which we sometimes took to send home as curiosities and souvenirs. A
darky or an old man would come in driving a broken down mule or played out
horse with a few pounds of corn-meal, a gallon or two of milk, a few pecks of
apples, a little apple jack, or cider, and we would sometimes give a barrel of
nice salt pork for a small quantity of their barter, and they would return happy
with a full wagon load, and we managed to dispose of the extra rations left
over in this manner.

Our teams did not return for the remainder of camp-belongings for a number
of days. We had no particular fear, for other troops had taken the place of our

AI^ONZO BRUCE, CO. B,
1862.

ALONZO BRUCE, CO. B
1900.

ROYAL I-IASKIXS, CO. 15,
1862.

ROY.VL IIASKINS, CO. B,
1900.

At Camp Wolf Run Shoals, Va. 115

brigade, and our headquarters with General Stoughton in command was still at
the Court House and surrounded by a strong guard, day and night.

January 22nd, teams came for the remainder of the tents, baggage, mess
chests, etc., but mud so deep they could not take all on this trip, and some of us
had to remain until their return.

Speaking of the sale of the rations of Company K left behind, I recall that
I sold one bushel of nice rice for one dollar and took my pay in a Confederate
bill, as they called it, and as it looked to me, but the next fellow to whom it was
offered thought it good and it must have been or else it would have been returned.

The teamsters or mule drivers as we would call them, informed us the
roads were awful, brooks high, and beyond Fairfax Station, in places, had been
built, and were building, corduroy roads in order to keep on top of the ground,
and it was with difficulty that even an empty wagon could be drawn in some
places.

January 23rd and 24th, were pleasant and much like Vermont Spring in
May. The birds appeared and sang their notes of love and joy, and our hearts
were gladened for now we should surely have teams to move the rest of the
tents, baggage, etc., to our new camp, and we were anxious to join our comrades,
for we had been here alone for the better part of a whole week (that is the detail
left as guard), and on the watch, night and day, expecting to be gobbled up at
any time, and we were anxious to join our companies and leave this unhealthy
camp.

On the evening of the 24th, teams arrived and with them orders came to
strike tents in the morning and load up everything left behind, and move on to
Wolf Run Shoals. This was welcome news, and we set about making prepara-
tions early in the morninfi; of January 25th, and the mule teams were on hand
and we loaded them up as quickly as possible and were soon ready to start on
our march to our new camp. It was a delightful day, warm, a gentle south wind,
the air fragrant with the scent of pines in the great forest to the south, the
harbingers of spring seemed at hand. We were disappointed because no
ambulance came to take the convalescent who were not able to march so long a
distance. Some of them had come down to the old camp not knowing the
regirilent had moved, and a few were at the Court House, anxious to return to
duty and join the regiment.

None could ride because no room, and those who could march must make
the journey on foot. Our knapsacks were placed in the wagons, we carrying
only guns, cartridges, haversacks and canteens.

Lieutenant Marsh of Company K had recovered from fever and learning
that some of his company were at the old camp ground near by made his way
down from the hospital thinking there would be an ambulance or teams in a day
or two, and that he could ride over to our new camp to join his company from
which he had been absent for about four weeks. He had been dangerously ill,
but now was well on his way to health. His great anxiety was to join his com-
pany and buoyed up with the prospect of seeing the boys induced him to make
the fifteen miles march to camp Wolf Run Shoals.

On the last day of December, Lieutenant Marsh was taken to the hospital
with a burning fever, and was much cast down and apprehensive that his death

WII<LIAM NELSON, CO. B,
1865.

WILLIAM NELSON, CO. D,
iq07.

ALMUS STEVENS, CO. B,
1862.

JEROME FISK, CO. R.
1875-

At Camp Wolf Run Shoals, Va. 117

was near at hand for quite a number of our regiment had died at this camp with
fever and many more were dangerously ill in the hospital. Our young Lieutenant
was thankful for recovery and a happier boy, (and he was only twenty), could
not have been found in our brigade.

The loaded teams started down the pike round by the way of the Court
House, and we the guard, and Lieutenant Marsh across the fields to avoid mud
and water, and soon we were separated as we then hoped forever from the
scenes, (not recollections) of this disagreeable and unhealthy camp.

Before passing on to our new camp, must call attention to some facts asso-
ciated with our six weeks stay at Fairfax Court House. Company A lost one
by death in this camp, Alden Richardson, December 26th, 1862, and one by deser-
tion, Joshua Fiske. Joseph Ayers was left at this camp and died January 27th,
1863. Company B lost by death, Carlos W. Turner, a drummer boy, January
5th, 1863, a lad of sixteen, John C. Canerday, January 20th, only eighteen, Oscar
C. Reed, December 26th, 1862 and by discharge, Franklin M. Atkins, January
15th, James M. Thayer, January 22nd. Company C by death, Charles C.
Coburn, January 26th, 1863, (am not sure he died at Fairfax Court House).
Company D lost by discharge, Seth W. H. Griffin, January 12th, 1863. Com-
pany E lost by death. Corporal Hiram C. Wolcott, January i8th, 1863 and by
discharge, Henry E. Sherwin, January loth, 1863. Company F lost by death,
John C. White, January 13th, 1863, Hall Woodworth, a drummer boy, January
9th, 1863, Reuben M. Babcock, January 29th, 1863. Company G lost by death,
Joel W. Bliss, January 8th, 1863 and by discharge, John B. Fassett, January 13th.
Company H lost by resignation, Captain Wm. C. Peck. Company I lost by
resignation, Charles E. Bancroft, January 15th, 1863 and by discharge, Asa C.
Atherton, January i8th, George A. Peck, January 12th. Company K lost by dis-
charge, Edgar F. Sisco, January 12th, Charles Burnell, January 20th and one
by desertion. Burton Dean, January loth, making a loss by death of eleven, by
discharge 10, by desertion 2, by resignation 2, a total loss of 23 a i the rank and
2 officers of the line, making a total loss, while in this camp, of 25. This was a
sad record for forty days and many others were sick in hospitals in this camp
or transferred to Alexandria and Washington, and some sent to Vermont. The
most of those who died at this camp were sent home by the companies to which
they belonged on a mutually agreed arrangement, the plan of assessment. One
was buried at Fairfax Court House, Hiram C. Wolcott of Company E, and at
his request, for he said his wife could not endure the sight of his dead body and
didn't want it sent back home. He was a volunteer from Morristown, Vermont.

Disease had made sad havoc in our ranks here, and we were glad to move
from the camp that had filled our hearts with so much sorrow. Our comrades
had made the supreme sacrifice and died for a noble cause, but they ardently
looked forward with high hopes of return to the scenes and associations of boy-
hood and looked forward to a life of success and happiness. But why they
prematurely cut off and life so short, and we returned and still survive, is beyond
comprehension, doubtless it was all for the best, possibly eternity will reveal
and make plain.

Camp Fairfax Court House was no longer our home, and we faced about
and by the left flank marched southerly on our way (said camp rumor) to join

I^ATHAM T. SEAVER, CO. B,
1862.

I^ATHAM T. SEAVER, CO. B,
1892.

OILMAN G. FOSTER, CO. B,
1862.

OILMAN G. FOSTER, CO. B,
1907.

At Camp Wolf Run Shoals, Va. 119

General Burnside and his great army of the Potomac now stuck in the mud,
January 20th and 21st, 1863 at Fredericksburg, on his way to capture Richmond.

The 13th and 14th regiments at the close of the day's march, January 20th,
1863, halted on the north bank of Upper Occoquan River some fifteen miles
southerly from Fairfax Court House which place we called Wolf Run Shoals,
because that was the name of a ford in the Occoquan a few rods above our
camp which had been, and was constantly used by cavalry and other branches
of the service, passing to and from the front line to the army along the Rap-
pahannock. It was generally believed that this was only a temporary camp,
and our assignment for picket duty up and down the Occoquan would last only
a few days. It was an important position, it being the outer picket line between
Washington and Fredericksburg where the great armies of the Potomac and
northern Virginia were facing and watching each other on the banks of the
Rappahannock. The last trip of our mule teams brought from our old camp
near the Court House, everything but the accumulated rations that we were not
able to sell, reaching our new camp late in the afternoon of January 25th, and
with them came a part of the guard and a little later the convalescent and the
rest of the guard and with them came Lieutenant Carmi L. Marsh of Company
K.

The m.arch had been hard and difficult because of the mud, particularly
after passing Fairfax Station, and the teams and guard and all were pretty well
used up. Lieutenant Marsh who was completely exhausted on arrival was taken
suddenly ill. Surgeon Nichols was summoned in great haste, and on examina-
tion .said he was suffering with a relapse with symptoms of cerebro spinal
meningitis, and could give no encouragement of recovery. We moved him into
our new camp hospital just at night, January 27th, where he could have better
attention and care by the surgeons and nurses. January 28th, commenced that
unusual storm of rain and snow and wind; a genuine Vermont blizzard, first
rain saturating our cotton tents, then snow, wind and fearful cold. We were
in the woods but with all our efforts with axe and hatchet many suffered on
account of the severity of the weather. The snow covered and stuck to our
tents and drifted about, and tinder the bottom of them. We put rubber
blankets up at the flap openings and with our coats on and laying down on the
ground, small trees split into halves, and limbs and bushes to stand and sleep
on, managed to pass through the day and night, and the following day without
freezing — ^the ground all about camp inside and outside of tents was a soft
porridge of Virginia mud, water and snow. It was fortunate that the mud
began to freeze before the wind was high, or else many of our tents would have
pulled their stakes in the ground that held them and blown down and away. As
it was, a number blew over and one on a stockade collapsed. We did not have
umbrellas in the army, so must cut our wood and do other duties without protec-
tion, save the rubber blankets which were awkward garments in which to chop
down trees. The author well remembers his efforts to keep dry and warm during
this storm. Our fires were in the company streets in front of our tents, except
now and then one who made a stone and mud fire-place inside of their tent with
a stick chimney outside which some of the more enterprising and ingenious
boys had already done, and in such cases those inside were cozy and warm, and

WII^I^IAM HATHAWAY, CO. B,
1862.

CHARLES D. BIIXINGS, CO. B,
1861.

JAMES WILliER, Ct). I!
1862.

james wilder, co. b,
i8q8.

At Camp Wolf Run Shoals, Va. 121

these tents were fully occupied until the storm was over. We were passing
through an unexpected experience and no one seemed to enjoy it.

We had heard of General Burnside's campaign at Fredericksburg, and could
now see and realize the utter impossibility of moving artillery or wagon trains
in any direction at this season of the year. Our duty here was principally
picketing along the north bank of the Occoquan river, a small swift running
stream tumbling over stony rapids and falls on its way to tidewater and the
Potomac, and in such weather as we were now having, such duty was not a very
pleasant and easy task. Nearly everyone that went out for twenty-four hours
returned with a bad cold causing a constant cough from the boys in camp day
and night, and the attendance on the surgeon's call was large and increasing
daily.

January 29th, snow fell six inches deep and with it came a cold northwest
wind, all of which reminded us of our winter homes in Vermont.

While all was cold and dreary all about, and every one in camp was shiver-
ing with cold and huddled around the slow burning camp fires, we were suddenly
and very unexpectedly cheered by the good and welcome news that spread
through camp on this morning that the long looked for paymaster had arrived
and was to pay ofif the boys who had been, (many of them) with scarcely a five
cent scrip in their pockets for weeks.

The I2th regiment was to be paid first, and then our regiment. There was
running to and fro from tent to tent anxiously inquiring if the good news was
actually true ; we had often heard like news before, and no paymaster came.
It had been a long time since we were mustered for pay, and the boys were short
of money with which to buy postage stamps, letter paper and envelopes and
other little necessaries, and had been disappointed repeatedly and did not at
first believe the rumor that a paymaster was actually in camp with green backs
and scrip with which to pay off the boys. We had been mustered for pay at
Camp Vermont, October 31st, and at Fairfax Court House, December 31st, ex-
pecting to be paid each time immediately after muster, but not a cent. We had
not even icceivcd a shin plaster since we left Vermont, and the officers as well
as privates were short of green backs. The only circulating medium for weeks
were Sutler's checks, little pieces of paste-board, i by 2 inches in size, usually
red, figures indicating value and signed by the regimental Sutler and a few
promises to pay (ordinary notes), for there was now and then a Shylock among
us that had a few dollars to loan at high rates of interest who cared not how
many pounds of flesh exacted, for use of a dollar until pay day.

The presence of a paymaster this time was a fact, and he paid off the 12th
regiment in the forenoon and in the afternoon commenced paying off the 13th,
but did not finish. Company K being at the bottom of the list had to wait.
The boys were thankful and happy to once more see a little money to settle up
old scores with Sutler and comrades, and have some left to buy tobacco, con-
densed milk, butter, cheese, apples, etc. While we had generally plenty to eat,
yet a little change in bill of fare was quite agreeable and much enjoyed. The
most of the boys drew their own pay, but many had bought checks of the Sutler,
and he' was on hand and stood beside the paymaster and got every cent due him
whether the soldier had any or not.

STEPHEN JOHNSON. CO. I!

1865.

STEPHEN JOHNSON^ CO. B,
1802.

EUCIAN W. WHITE, CO. I!,
1869.

LUCl.VN VV. WHITE, CO. B,
1907.

At Camp Wolf Run Shoals, Va. 123

The boys who had bought Sutler's checks so freely and lavishly now, for
the first time, began to realize the folly of paying fifty cents a pound for butter,
twenty-five cents a pound for cheese, fifty cents a can for condensed milk and
when they stood by and saw the Sutler take every cent due them, swore by all
that was good and great never to play the fool any more by working for the
Sutler as they called it, but would thereafter subsist on pork and beans, hard
tack and coffee which was good enough, and generally plenty of it. The pay-
master finished paying us ofif this 30th day of January, and returned to the
Station leaving the boys quite happy and contented. It was almost impossible on
account of the snow and rain to move in and about camp, mud everywhere, were
obliged to build corduroy roads in our company streets and in our tents to keep
on top of the ground. The boys were all busy these days laying floors in their
tents made from small pine trees split in the middle then laid down split side up,
driving down stakes with crotches at the top, lay poles crosswise and lengthwise
and cover with pine IJoughs, and in this way we had a dry place to sleep, but
not a very soft bed, but only in this way could we avoid sickness and prevent
being almost buried alive. We had many among us good with an axe, and they
built miles of corduroy road between our camp and the railroad station, other-
wise the supplies could not have been hauled by our mule teams. It is sur-
prising how much a regiment of a thousand men would consume each day. The
M. D's. (mule drivers), wagoners, had plenty to do all the time and we were
occasionally short of food because of the condition of the road from the railroad
station to our camp.

The first ten days in camp Wolf Run Shoals were the most trying of all
our camp life. It was rain, sleet, snow, wind, cold and often down to zero, and
disagreeable weather every day. We were on the front line and were required
to be vigilent every hour. Our picket duty was down the Occoquan for two
miles which was attended with danger and much exposure. No tents on the
picket line, and had to be careful about fires, for just across the stream the
country for many miles was infested nightly with Mosby's or other guerilla
bands and spies on the alert watching our movements for an opportunity to
break through our picket line that they might kill, capture, plunder and destroy.
The severity of the weather and unpreparedness for the unusual winter, the
exacting duties and long marches since crossing Long Bridge, October 30th,
numerous changes from camp to camp and the urgent necessity of fitting our
brigade for the expected emergency of a great battle between the army of the
Potomac and that of Northern Virginia, was unexpectedly strenuous, especially
for raw recruits. All this had most thoroughly tried our physical endurance and
tested our patriotism, courage and loyalty. Our experience thus far had revealed
how superficial was our knowledge of army life when we volunteered. Many
had been sent to the hospital, quite a number had died and an unusual number
had been discharged, even officers had resigned, and now on the last day of
January, 1863, our regimental hospital was crowded and many sick in their
company quarters, and were there visited by surgeons Nichols and Crandall.

General Burnside's defeat at Federicksburg, the blunder resulting in fearful
.slaughter of thousands of his bravest veterans, and thousands more wounded
and taken prisoners and with such a valiant army 116,000 strong, almost twice

LEVI W. SEAVER, CO. B,
i860.

LEVI W. SHAVER, CO. Bj
1907.

V/IELIAM M. TURNER, CO. B,
1882.

DANIEL PASNETT. CO. B,
1862.

At Camp Wolf Run Shoals, Va. 125

the number of the enemy, and under such circumstances to be vanquished and
out generaled was discouraging in the extreme filHng our hearts with doubt and
fear as to what would come next, and the final result of the campaign. The
most of our regiment were intelligent and fairly educated and read the papers
and were well informed of the progress of the war and could comprehend the
full meaning of the repeated and continuous defeats and disaster to the army of
the Potomac from the very beginning, from First Bull Run, July, 1861, to
Fredericksburg, January, 1863. Even Antietam was only a victory in the sense
of preventing the consummation of General Lee's plan to capture Washington.

Surely General McClellan and his brave heroes were entitled to great credit
for the service they rendered to their country on the bloody battlefields of
Turner's Gap, Fox Gap in the Catoctin Valley, the desperate charges up the
precipitous heights of South Mountain and the great battle on the banks of
Antietam creek near Sharpsburg, Maryland in September, 1862. Although
these battles were quite even, so far as actual field operations and fighting were
concerned, yet General Lee was thwarted in his purpose and obliged to retreat
across the Potomac back to Virginia.

The condition of our regiment for an aggressive campaign was as good
and strong as ever and equally so in the whole brigade. We had not lost heart,
nor had our faith weakened as to final result, but could not avoid thought con-
cerning the part that we were now likely to take in the then impending contest
between the two mighty armies waiting for the spring campaign. These ques-
tions were the theme of thought and conversation among us, but the final analysis
and conclusion of every thought and discussion was duty still to country regard-
less of individual consequences and every other consideration. Our regiment
had of necessity spent much of its time, aside from picket duty, in building
corduroy roads to the railroad station and preparing our camp grounds and
tents for winter quarters.

The month of February opened with more comfortable weather, and all
were comparatively cheerful. Among the quite important events occurring in
the regiment during January were the promotions of Adjutant Orloff H. Whit-
ney to be Captain of Company H, Orderly Sergeant Albert Clark of Company I
promoted to First lieutenant of Company G, and James S. Peck advanced to
Adjutant. These changes and promotions were made on account of considera-
tions of well deserved and meritorious conduct and ability for the places, and
they each assumed their positions on February 3rd, and entered upon the dis-
charge of their duties, and it was a matter of talk in camp, freely expressed,
that these promotions were well deserved.

Here for the first time in our history as a regiment arrangements were made,
and we commenced target practice, in which all were required to take part.
Sickness only, accepted as an excuse.

The father and mother of Lieutenant Marsh of Company K arrived in
camp and found their son much improved with prospect of recovery with suit-
able care. Mr. Marsh and wife were much elated and cheered on arrival, and
were very thankful for what had been done by Company K, and the hospital
attejidants in care of their only son. A tent had been fixed up and floor laid out
of split logs and otherwise made comfo'rtable and convenient as possible in

OTIS G. MILESj CO. B,

SAMUET, S. KEYES, CO. B,
1903.

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JOHN RICHArDSOiX, CO. B,
1862.

BARNEY MCCARRON, CO. B,
1865.

At Camp Wolf Run Shoals, Va. 127

camp, for the accommodation of Mr. Marsh and wife by Company K, for which
attention Mr. Marsh expressed his appreciation for such unlooked for kindness
and attention.

Company K boys to the very last man were ready to do everything to
promote the comfort of Mr. Marsh and wife, to sympathize with them and
encourage the recovery of their son, still in a very critical condition. In the
course of a day or two Mr. Marsh arranged with Dr. Nichols' consent and
advice to have Lieutenant Marsh moved to a comfortable dwelling house then
owned and occupied by a lady by the name of Mary E. Wilcoxson, and this lady
was secured to act as nurse. This change from cotton tents to a comfortable old
fashioned roomy plantation dwelling house and the procuring of the services of
this kind hearted and experienced lady undoubtedly saved the valuable life of a
brave Union officer. Lieutenant Marsh of Company K, though the nurse was in
sympathy with the cause of the Confederacy.

On the I2th or 13th, we crossed the river and climbed the hills crawlmg
through the laurel bushes by winding paths up to an old fort or earth works and
rifle pits made by the Rebels to guard the ford the year before, and with spade
and pick we quickly demolished and leveled them with the ground. We found
no guns and saw no Rebs, and therefore no one hesitated. This was the only
fort that we took by assault, and the boys wrote many letters home telling of
their thrilling experience and the hair breadth escapes on this occasion. We
built one fort at Camp Vermont, (fort Lyon), and captured and destroyed one
at Wolf Run Shoals.

Our life in camp had its bright side as well as dark, for almost daily the
teams brought boxes for some of us from our homes filled with chicken and
mince pies, fruit cake, butter and cheese, currant jelly, etc., all of which dis-
appeared like the morning dew on a hot summer day. When a box arrived
to any one in a tent there was a spread at once. The cracker box table
covered with rubber blankets for a table cloth was set, and as soon as the
contents were out and spread and the amount received sized up, a sufficient
number of comrade chums, sometimes officers, were invited to come into a
Thanksgiving or Christmas dinner. Our boxes started from home in season, but
did not reach camp as soon as expected, so we necessarily had to postpone our
dinners until the boxes did come, and judging from the loads that were hauled
to camp, nearly everyone must have been remembered. And what Christmas
dinners these were sent from our homes prepared by willing loving hands, how
kind and thoughful were all we left behind and how considerate and anxious for
our welfare and happiness. These mid-day dinners were occasions of homelike
peace and plentitude once seen once known never to be forgotten. The dear
dead, past, gone forever, yet the dear memory of those days as I recall them
wells up in my heart and I sigh, the eye moistens as I think of the dear comrades
of the old days when camping on the banks of the Occoquan. My dear surviving
comrades roll back the wheels of time, open wide the gates of memory and
whisper the names of tentmates so kind and true long since reunited with the
silent majority and it may be that your awakened memory shall be recognized
by the immortal spirits of the loved ones waiting on the other shore.

ORSON C. TURNER, CO. B,
1862.

ORSON C. TURNER, CO. B,
1907.

JOHN BAIRD, CO. B,
1861.

CORP. ZIllA KEVF.S, JR., CO. B,
1907.

At Camp Wolf Run Shoals, Va. i2g

Our first dress parade in this camp was on the 21st. The snow, rain and
mud had interfered since our arrival here, but target practice was an ahnost
daily order, and rewards were offered for such as showed best skill in hitting
the bull's eye on the hill across the valley 300 yards and more away ; a few
succeeded (accidentally most likely), and were excused from all duty for a week
on account of their skill as marksmen. Company K had two so excused,
George H. Sunderland and Oliver Parazo. Here too commenced the school for
sword instruction, and Colonel Randall suggested that it was quite important
to become familiar with the proper use of handling the sword, and that Sergeants,
from whose ranks officers would be chosen to fill vacancies, should qualify
themselves, for in making selections this requisite would be taken into considera-
tion.

The school was opened on the i8th and a large class was promptly on hand,
nearly every sergeant and some of our more zealous and ambitious corporals also
joined the class for instruction, their desire to become proficient was commend-
able, and their ambition for office, laudable ; this school furnished any amount of
fun for the boys that watched the thrusts, strikes, plunges and guards and parries
at each other with their little wooden swords. Those who held commissions
did not take much interest in this preparatory school. This school of instruc-
tion continued from day to day with unabated zeal regardless of weather or
other duties. During the rest of the month there was plenty of snow and rain,
freezing and thawing, cold and disagreeable. Snow ball battles were frequent
and much enjoyed. Company was arrayed against company, battalion against
battalion, right wing against the left. It was friend against friend, and all
seemed to enjoy this mimic war, many wounded and some captured, some blood
flowed and the pure white snow indicating great slaughter, but none reported
killed or mortally wounded. The vanquished in this fight were front and fore-
most and full of fight at Gettysburg, and therefore none could tell from conduct
in camp who would acquit themselves best in a genuine battle.

There was quite a scare at guardmount on the morning of the i6th, and
the parties responsible for it no doubt, on reflection, were ashamed. Such
episodes were liable to break out most any morning in such weather, and sur-
roundings as we had in this camp.

The bone and carving disease broke out in all its intensity, and fury and
grewsomeness in this camp. Some had heard that the Rebels were wearing
rings and charms and making crosses and sending them home to sweethearts
as souvenirs made from bones of our soldiers that fell in the battle at Second
Bull Run. In consequence of such stories, and we had good reason to believe
there was foundation for them, and therefore a party from our regiment made
the trip to Bull Run battlefield to ascertain if any indication of any such hellish
desecration.

We knew that graves once covered now exposed the remains here and there
on that field of the dead of both armies, for we had visited the battlefield of
Bull Run while in camp at Union Mills and the Court House. Some of the
party returned claiming to have found evidence that substantiated the story and
brought wifh them bones, they said, of dead Rebels, but this likely was not true.
The bones they brought were those of Rebel mules and cows from which many

GJiORGE J. TRASK, CO. B,
1868.

JAMES H. WILSON, CO. B,
1862.

ITARVEV M. WAIT, CO. D,
1862.

HARVEY M. WAIT, CO. B,
1904.

At Camp Wolf Run Shoals, Va. 131

were busy night and day making rings and crosses, charms and other trinkets to
adorn fingers and watch chains to be worn and sent home as souvenirs
of the battlefield of Bull Run. Quite a number of the boys of ingenuity and
skill with the jack knife were busy here making pipes from laurel roots in great
variety and designs, carved on them heads of dogs and other animals in bass-
relief, lettered and otherwise ornamented. This occupation raged for weeks
like a fever, and finally the boys tired of the innocent amusement and gave up
the business. In this dismal and lonesome camp, numerous cases of sickness on
account of exposure prevailed, mostly troubles incident to army life. The army
itch broke out among us and it was evidently the genuine old fashioned kind such
as some of us had Vthen young boys. None of us had forgotten the symptoms,
also parasites appeared in great numbers and like the thief at night demanded
their share of flesh while we slept. No one could avoid noticing the scratching
and contortion of the boys as they walked the company streets or stood in line
at roll call ; for want of a better name we called these active crawling midgets
"graybacks." Their coming we did not discover, but their staying qualities
were never forgotten.

Our regimental washerwoman Freeman H. Sunderland of Company K
made a study of their habits and discovered a remedy that was sure death, and
we thanked him then, and remember him still with gratitude. And this kind
hearted generous gentleman of the old school still survives, maintaining a home
for himself and invalid daughter in the town of Georgia, Vermont, living on the
very farm where his highly respective commander General George J. Stannard
was born and reared, and only a few rods from the monument erected by the
State of Vermont to the memory of this most notable General from the Green
Mountain State.

Some of our regiment had measles at our last camp near Fairfax Court
House, but here it was a regular epidemic for some time, and all who had not
had this disease were afflicted with it, and those who were careful not to take cold
recovered all right. Most everything that anyone ever had, we had in this camp.
The weather seemed to breed disease, and yet our camp was high and on rolling
ground, and we took pains to build corduroy roads in our streets and floors in
our tents and in front of the headquarters and in nearly every place where
necessary to travel.

On the 19th of February, Company K lost by death its first soldier, Peter
Bovat, a Highgate volunteer. This was the second death in this camp. Comrade
Bovat died of congestion of the lungs, would now be called pneumonia.

Chancey O. Parker, musician. Company E, died February Sth. Captain
Blake of Company K called out his company, and by vote it was arranged to
send all home that might die in camp on a plan of individual assessment, and
comrade Bovat's body was taken to the railroad station and sent to his home by
express to Highgate, Vermont.

Quite a serious accident occurred in camp on the 23rd, by the falling of a
tree on to an occupied tent of Company E, John H. Mudgett, brother of Henry
E., was in the tent and quite seriously injured but recovered and marched with
us to camp Carusi, April 2nd, 1863. It was almost a miraculous escape from
sudden death.

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DANIEI, GRANDY, CO. B,
1862.

DANIEI. GRANDY, CO. 11,
1898.

ALLADUREN STOWEEE, CO. B,
1879.

ROWLAND T. BULKELEY, CO. B,
1907.

At Camp Wolf Run Shoals, Va. 133

Our regiment was very much and happily surprised to receive orders for
muster to be paid. No one was looking for the paymaster again so soon, for
it was on the last of January when we received two months pay, but so it was
and on this last day of February, the 28th, we were mustered for pay and
many of the boys were glad, for it took nearly all, when last paid off, to square
up accounts with the Sutler who got the lion's share.

To be a regimental Sutler in winter quarters when the boys are frequently
paid off was a lucrative business. The sales were enormous and the profits large
and the Sutler soon returned home rich. They, the Sutlers, seldom followed
where it was dangerous or where liable to be gobbled up by raiders — they were
not soldiers, but parasites in fact of the army ever diligent in reaching out for
the few dollars allowed the soldiers for their arduous service.

The whole month of February was most disagreeable and trying of any thus
far, because of the unusual winter, and only the most hardy could stand cotton
tents in camp and shelter tents and bush houses on the picket line in such a
winter, and yet there was but little grumbling, for we were becoming acclimated
and careful, and cheerfully faced whatever came as duty necessary to be done to
accomplish the great and important work before us.

March opened with pleasant weather and the warm sun and south wind
dried up the deep mud, but the weather was changeable, rain and snow, light-
ning and thunder, gentle wind and furious gale, cold and hot, freezing nights and
thawing days. It seemed more disagreeable than the month of March in Ver-
mont.

The unusual stir on the picket line, the moving of cavalry in squads, com-
panies and regiments, the vigilance maintained, the constant changes, the rumors
of onward movements of the army, the firing on and capturing our videttes and
infantry on the picket line, and the wild rumors in camp day and night led us to
believe that we should soon be on the march to participate in some great battle.

Battalion drill on the 3rd, and then house cleaning in tents and camp every
where, careful inspection of cook tents and sinks, our water supply, all places in
and about camp. Surgeons Nichols and Crandall, and their assistants, giving
directions here and there, as occasion demanded, to avoid an epidemic of fever
in the approaching Spring. There was indeed much sickness and Surgeon
Nichols was putting forth his best efforts to improve the condition of camp and
its surroundings to avoid sickness, and to make the boys ready for the more
active duty that he well knew was sure to come as soon as the weather permitted.

Two regiments, the 12th and 13th were still here, while the 14th, 15th and
i6th were at Fairfax Station with headquarters at the Court House some four
miles from the railroad station. During the 3rd day of March Colonel Wynd-
ham, with quite a large body of cavalry, crossed Occoquan just above us at
one of the fords on his way back to Fairfax Court House, having been in pursuit
of Mosby and his gang who had captured a picket post on our line west of us
between Brentville and Mannassas Gap.

Mosby, with his faithful few, could travel faster than Wyndham with a
large command, hence Mosby was not captured. Mosby was making his almost
nightly raids with considerable success, and he and his bushwhackers knew the
country thereabouts and the settlers kept them fully informed, and these nightly

WII.LTAM BACKUS, CO. B,

1885.

JAMES M. THAYER, CO. B,
1865.

WII<I,IAM MCDONALD, CO. B,
1870.

VVILIJAM MCDONALD, CO. ]),
1906.

At Camp Wolf Run Shoals, Va. 135

forays were becoming quite annoying, but he was alert and resourceful and
could not be captured or frightened.

Colonel Percy Wyndham was mad because of his failure to overtake and
capture Mosby, though in no manner to blame. Mosby was a brave, dashing,
and desperate foe, and took many chances and early won his spurs and was
rewarded with a commission.

On the morning of the 9th, news reached our camp that Mosby with his
guerrilla followers had passed through our lines and captured and carried away
General Stoughton, his staff and guards, but little credit was at first given to this
wild, though important, rumor. It seemed incredible that a raid through our well
guarded lines had occurred and none were inclined to believe it. The rumor
was however soon confirmed, and our brigadier general and his staff and guard
had been stealthily surprised at midnight while sleeping and dreaming of victory
and renown, and unceremoniously hastened rapidly within the Rebel lines on the
way to Richmond. Not even a gun or pistol fired nor an alarm of any kind in
season to be of any avail. A strong guard was on duty at the Court House;
Colonel Wyndham's cavalry between the Court House and Centerville and quite
a large force at and about Centerville, notwithstanding, Lieutenant Mosby with
his twenty-nine selected daring guerrilla heroes (except one Sergeant Ames of
a New York cavalry regiment who had deserted and joined Mosby), rode boldly
into the little village of Fairfax Court House, passing our picket line between
Chantilly and Centerville unmolested, not even challenged, not suspecting them
as an enemy and single handed and with cool and daring deliberation gathered
four times their number, mounted all on their horses, also captured and placed
General Stoughton in the lead with a trusted man by his side holding the bridle
of the General's horse and quietly and quickly escaped flanking Wyndham's
cavalry on their way, swinging on to the pike boldy rode and passed around
Centerville (then strongly guarded) just before day light, our forces supposing
them to be Federal Cavalrymen no attention paid to them. They rode deliberate-
ly along as if in no hurry. No one dared to utter a sound for each knew it
would cost him his life. All had heard of Mosby and knew none would be
allowed to escape, and any attempt would likely mean death. They rode
leisurely along, reached and swam Cub Run and struck the pike" of Groverton
and not having been pursued were safe with the General and some of his staff
and orderlies and guards. (Some in the haste and darkness had escaped from
Mosby before reaching Centerville; Lieutenant Prentiss and others).

Mosby now moved rapidly along and arrived at Culpepper Court House in
the early morning turning his prisoners and captured horses over to General
J. E. B. Stuart, who, after receiving Mosby's report, congratulated him on the
almost unprecedented, bold and daring raid and capture. (A feat as Stuart
said unparalleled in modern warfare). To be captured under such cirmuctances
by so small a band and by guerrilla Mosby, who was known to be in that
locality, was humiliting in the extreme and should not have occurred. We
regretted the incident, but very little sympathy expressed for General Stoughton.
At least we of the 13th had no comradeship ties that were broken or seriously
strained, though Charles Barr of Company K and others of the guard were
among the captured. Neither did we of the 13th have any particular affection

FRAXKI^IN D. GEU'FITH, CO. li
1862.

FRANKIJN D. GRIFFITH, CO. 11,
1907.

EDMUND WHITCOMB, CO. B.
1862.

ALllFKT II. CHASK, CO. B,
1875.

At Camp Wolf Rtin Shoals, Va. 137

for our haughty Brigadier, he had utterly failed to inspire respect and confidence
and no one manifested any sorrow that he no longer would command the 2nd
Vermont brigade. Of course we sincerely deplored the humiliation and loss,
and regretted that so distinguished an officer should, under such circumstances,
be captured and too, a loyal Vermonter that had shown so much evidence on
many battlefields of promise, of a successful military career, should now suddenly
pass into oblivion.

Colonel Blunt of the 12th regiment being the ranking Colonel assumed
command at Fairfax Station, which post was guarded by the 14th, 15th and i6th
of the Second Vermont Brigade, moving his headquarters down to the railroad
station. Colonel Randall of the 13th was now left in command at Wolf Run
Shoals. Our picket guard reported nearly every morning that they saw Rebel
scouts or some of Mosby's band across the river on the watch and those on the
picket line were becoming uneasy, and somewhat alarmed, for some claimed
to have been shot at and some (the timid) were inclined to see Rebs moving
about in the dark where there were none.

The weather being warm and fine some of the fishermen of our regiment
go down to the river hard by, and catch a few small eels about the size of
Vermont striped snakes and looked very much like them, only black, yet they
were eels, and those who caught them dressed and ate them and called them
good. The author's fish appetite weakened as he saw the wiggling, squirming
little black eels or water snakes.

During the afternoon we were visited with a genuine southern thunder
storm, thunder, lightning, rain, hail and wind ; some of our tents were blown
down creating no little commotion and fear unlike Vermont storms.

On the morning of March i8th. Lieutenant Marsh now on the way to
recovery, bid good bye to his comrades of Company K, and his regiment, and
started for Vermont. Some thought he would not live to reach home, and none
of us expected to ever see him again. He had been sick in this camp since
January 25th. All were sorry to part with him, and all hoped that he would
recover. Surgeon Nichols said his only chance for life was to return to Ver-
mont at once.

James Monroe Hogaboom of Company K, while on picket fired across the
river at a Reb, as he no doubt supposed, but no Reb was seen by any one else.
The boys jibed him for the fearful slaughter he made on the picket line. It was
in fact a played out mule that had been turned out, hearing the familiar noise
of a gun pricked up his ears and waited for some one to come. We were
satisfied that there was more prowling around, across the Occoquan than usual
from what we could see and hear, and Colonel Randall decided to send a scouting
party over to investigate. The river was now high, and we could not pass at
the ford, and Colonel Randall therefore ordered a boat to be built, and on the
22nd and 23rd, the regiment turned out and made a boat from boards taken
from the grist mill nearby, (see page 52) not a very nice smooth job, but we
launched it and crossed over six or eight at a time, and in this manner two
companies went over and found the moving wagons we had seen in the distance
to be white cows feeding in an open pasture, (and nothing more) and returned
as we went. Major L. D. Clark had command of this naval expedition. Major

OSCAR C. REED, CO. R,
1862.

WINFIELD S. RICH, CO. B,
1890.

JOHN LEE, CO. B,
1862.

JOHN LEE, CO. B,
1895.

At Camp Wolf Run Shoals, Va. 139

Clark had been a sea captain on Lake Champlain and was at this time arrang-
ing with General Casey to join our Navy.

William Burgess of Company K died March 24th, and at his request was
buried in a little pine grove on a slight elevation just beyond the hospital tent.
He was an orphan boy and had no relatives in this country. Was born in
England and had no home or friends, and he said "Bury me up there." He
was the only one of our regiment buried in this camp, others who died were
sent home. No marble slab or stone ever marked his resting place, nor has
comrade or friend visited the narrow house that still holds his remains. Our
eyes are moistened with the sorrowing tear as we recall to memory this noble
young man who offered up his life that his adopted country might survive. He
expressed the convcition on leaving the State that he should not live to return,
and so it was.

On the 25th, Company E, H and K, with two others, and with Colonel
Randall in charge, went in search of Rebel cavalry, said to be within our lines.
It seemed foolish to send infantry after cavalry. Our search proved a false
alarm, and we returned to camp tired and jaded out, but saw nothing of a Rebel
kind, only old men, women and girls here and there making preparations for
cultivation of gardens and fields.

The 14th regiment arrived in our camp and took up their position just
west of our regiment, further up the stream. We had at this time quite a num-
ber of visitors in camp from the regiments of our own brigade, some from the
First Vermont Cavalry and some from Vermont. Mr. Poland and daughter
from Montpelier graced our camp with their presence and seemed delighted to
see their friends of Company I, and the whole regiment was pleased to see and
greet them, because Vermonters, and just from home.

The brass band of our brigade in camp on this 27th day of March,
played many pieces of the day in good harmony and style that delighted and
cheered all. One piece would fill our hearts with sorrow, another elevate us
in joy, and when they played "Home Sweet Home", our souls were moved in
tenderness and hot tears fell from every eye, and for an hour or more they
touched and aroused the agreeable and sublime passions of our nature, and
with patriotic anthems excited us to war. We heartily cheered them and were
thankful for their visit, and one brief hour, when thoughts were turned from
the awful realities of war in which we were engaged, to the familiar strains of
music so often heard at home before we volunteered. Yes, we ever thought
of home and the loved ones we left behind, and our evening and morning prayers
were the restoration of the Union and our safe return to the hills and valleys
we loved and longed to see, and to mingle again with those we left behind.

Our regimental hospital was crowded, very many of the sick were sent by
ambulances to the railroad station, and from there to hospitals in Alexandria
and Washington by cars, and some to Vermont which seemed to indicate and
confirm the rumor about camp that we were soon to move, and some said to
join General Hooker now in command of the army of the Potomac at Fredericks-
burg, soon to cross the Rappahannock on his way to capture Richmond. Our
brigade was in the 22nd army corps under Major General Hentzleman and in
General Casey's division, and the probability of transfer was doubtful. The

STEADMAN D. MOULTON, CO. B,

i8go.

HORACE TRASK, CO. B,
1884.

SYLVANUS KEYES, CO. B,
1861.

SYEVANUS KEYES, CO. B,
1900.

At Camp Wolf Run Shoals, Va. 141

officers best able to judge said we would likely for the present remain on the
banks of the Occoquan on picket duty, but there was no question but what an
aggressive onward movement was about to me made; spring was at hand,
ground drying up, roads becoming passible and streams fordable, and the
administration of President Lincoln had been putting forth herculean efforts,
making every possible preparation for a vigorous campaign, hoping and expect-
ing signal success and the close of the bloody war so awful thus far in loss of
life and property.

President Lincoln grieved over the awful slaughter of Second Bull Run,
South Mountain, Antietam and Frederisksburg, and comprehended better than
his Generals that but little had thus far been accomplished in vanquishing the
foe and bringing the war to a close.

March 28th, rainy and dismal, Sunday the 29th, warm and summerlike, the
30th, cold north wind, the 31st, rain and snow all day and all who could, re-
mained in their tents. April ist, a cold freezing morning, and we crawled out
to answer the early morning roll call chilled and shaking in the cold blast of
wind from the north. Everybody ugly and low spirited on account of the
sudden and unusual change. In the afternoon we received marching orders to
go down the Occoquan to be ready to strike tents and march at seven o'clock
in the morning. Some said this was an April fool and the news too good to be
accepted. All were anxious to leave this camp, for here had been much sickness
and suffering on account of the severity of the weather and the arduous duties
of camp and on the picket line. Our rations here had been good and plentiful,
and we had soft bread and fresh beef twice a week. Our hard tack was better,
not so old, but before eating we broke each open to see if it was still alive and
kicking. Some of us soaked our hard tack in coffee before attempting to eat
it and from habit examined our coffee to see that there were no worms in the
bottom of the cup.

April 2nd was a beautiful spring day, a balmy breeze from the south, the
woods were fragrant with the coming spring, numerous birds of beautiful
plumage and melodious song flitted from limb to limb and filled the air with
their glad songs of praise, the king of songsters, the mocking bird from tree-top
joined his carolling melody and we of the Northland were entranced by these
harbingers of spring and summer. The new camp was indeed to us an earthly
paradise; and the boys of the 13th were happy and expressed their joy, too, in
merry songs, jokes, hearty laughter and smiling faces. When all was ready, we
leveled our city of cotton tents, shouldered our knapsacks and guns and started
on the march at eight o'clock down the Occoquan. We marched through the
open fields and thick groves of pine and oak along the uneven banks of the
river nearby, while our mule teams went around by a traveled highway.
Though glad to leave this camp, and hoping never to return, there were many
incidents that likely would never be forgotten. The author will, however,
mention some of the facts of our regimental history at this camp. Wolf Run
Shoals, before passing to other scenes and a new camp.

Major Lawrence D. Clark of the Field resigned March 31st, and started
for Washington where he had been quite frequently in consultation with
General Casey about joining the navy, and to his disappointment on arriving

EDGAR A. HASTINGS, CO. B,
1862.

EDGAR A. HASTINGS, CO. B,
1907.

GEORGE S. CHAPMAN, CO. B,

1896.

CHARLES D. TOWEEj CO. D,
1885.

At Camp Wolf Run Shoals, Va. 143

at Washington found that he had just a few days before passed the age hmit
for admission into that branch of the service, and now much grieved and dis-
appointed returned home to Vermont and resumed his occupation of farming
and usual place in society, taking no further part in the suppression of the
Rebellion as a soldier. Further mention will be made of him in connection with
the company history of Company K.

Company A lost by death, at camp Wolf Run Shoals, Joseph Ayers, died
January 27th, 1863, by discharge, Barney Breslin, January 24th, Company B,
lost by discharge, James M. Thayer, January 22nd, Horace Trask, January 31st
at Brattleboro, Vt. and Wm. M. Turner, March 6th at Brattleboro. Company
C lost by resignation. Lieutenant Geo. S. Robinson, February i6th, by death,
Charles C. Coburn, January 26th, Milo L. Frost, March 6th, Abraham Lezer,
March i6th, by discharge, Samuel Crozier, February 20th. Company D lost by
resignation, Lieutenant John M. Rolfe, January 30th, by discharge, John A.
Greenough, February ist. Company E lost by death, Chancey O. Parker,
February 5th, Cornelius V. Sessions, March 20th, by discharge, Joshua Luce,
February i8th at Brattleboro, Ranson B. Goodell, February isth. Company
F lost by resignation, Captain John L. Yale, February 6th, by death, Rueben
Babcock, January 29th, by discharge, Harmon H. Ballou, February 28th, Charles
H. Dunton, March 17th, Willis T. Wells, February 2nd. Company G lost by
discharge, Edwin P. Brown, Aiarch 29th, Norman Hogaboom, March i6th,
Charles Levelette, March i6th at Brattleboro. Company H lost by resignation.
Captain Wm. V. Peck, January 25th, by death, Eli A. Richard, February 25th,
Walter Bush, March 4th, Hiram Foster, March 25th, by discharge Charles R.
White, February 3rd, Jasper Lyman, February 17th, at Brattleboro, Eben F.
Perkins, March 29th. Company I lost by discharge. Consider W. Brink,
Januarjr 31st at Brattleboro, Isaac K. Davis, February ist, Wm. Noyes,
February 28th at Brattleboro, Alva Rowell, April ist, Prentiss C. Wright,
January 31st at Brattleboro. Company K lost by resignation. Second Lieutenant
Carmi L. Marsh, February 17th, by death, Peter Bovat, February 19th, Wm.
Burgess, March 24th, by discharge, Homer A. Burnell, February 25th, Welling-
ton Clark, March 29th, Lorenzo L. Pomeroy, Jr., February i8th, making a total
loss by resignation five, by death twelve, by discharge twenty-five, a total of
forty-two.

It will be observed that death and disease made a far more sad and serious
depletion in our ranks in this camp (Wolf Run Shoals), than at Fairfax Court
House, there twenty-five and here forty-two. All were thankful to leave this
winter camp. The very name Wolf Run Shoals fitly characterized the place
and none of us ever after referred to it even to this day with any degree of
pleasure or satisfaction', and now after forty-four years of reflection recalling
to mind in detail all that occurred there, am I able to state a single act or deed
of any kind (except those of humanity), that command praise or admiration,
unless it be patience, courage, endurance, fortitude, devotion and determination
to remain steadfast and loyal to the end.

We arrived at our new camp late in the afternoon of April 2nd, elated and
joyous with so pleasant a location, beautifully situated, a broad open field of
meadow and pasture land surrounded with groves of pine and oak on an

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CORP. JOHN DOLPH, CO. B,

Recent date.

I,. THOMPSON STODDARD, CO. B,
1862.

EATON A. HEATHj CO. 11
1863.

EATON A. HEATH, CO. B,
1907.

At Camp Carusi, Va. 145

elevated plateau overlooking the Occoquan less than a mile south and many
miles of the broad Potomac in the distance and a facinating view of miles of
farm lands to the far south and east. It was indeed a charming spot, an ideal
camp ground. Nature had lavishly surrounded this locality with its richest
attractions of river, creek and brook, hills and valleys, forests of pine, cedar,
oak, chestnut, walnut and cherry, bushes of laurel and hazlenut with mistletoe
hanging in festoons from tree and bush and running pine nestling among the
brown leaves of autumn, dotted with quaint old dwellings large and small,
scattered here and there, convenient to great springs and flowing streams of
pure water overlooking the broad Potomac for many miles toward the sea. It
was all we could ask for as a camp-ground, and only some 30 miles to the
Rappahannock where General Hooker and General Lee were preparing for
battle; some of the more timid among us said would willingly remain here until
the war was over. No particular danger here at this time.

We were near the public road leading from Fairfax Court House to the
flat country on the north side of the low banks of the Occoquan, Pohick Church
and Mount Vernon, also the direct road to Fredericksburg and to the South
counties. It seemed to us as we gazed west and south that we were now out
of the wilderness and in sight of the promised land, and looked forward anticip-
ating better days. Our surroundings were much better than at our old camp,
Wolf Run Shoals. We named this new camp Widow Violet, Camp Carusi, and
Camp Occoquan and each used the name that pleased him most. The first two
were of local celebrity, once owners of the land we occupied, and the Occoquan,
the one we liked best, named on account of the river and village nearby. We
were near what was once the great thoroughfare of Fairfax County, over which
General Washington and others of the F. F. V. often travelled in those early
days to and from Fairfax Court House and Mount Vernon, and when journey-
ing to Fredericksburg, King Williams Court House and Richmond.

We had heard and read of those that once owned and occupied this attrac-
tive part of Virginia and could now reahze why the early settlers of our country
selected this location for homes. There was still evidence here and there of
former thrift and activity. Old mansions and churches erected in the days ot
Washington were still to be seen in this section, some of which were in a good
state of preservation.

We camped for the first night in a small pine grove. Our tents did not
arrive in season nor had Colonel Randall fully decided where to locate and lay
out his camp ground. In the morning we discovered black snakes crawling
around evidently having been warmed up by the many camp fires we had built
and kept burning during the night. They were not agreeable bed-fellows but
said to be harmless, but just the same ever after we were on the lookout for
these long black snakes as we were told were quite numerous in this locality.
They were six or eight feet long and some of us preferred Johnnie Rebs in
camp instead.

Colonel Randall selected a plot of land adapted to our convenience and
necessity, to which we moved, cleared, and cleaned up, laid out in regular
manner, and erected our tents all in military style. More than usual care was
taken to have tents and company streets on straight lines, everything done

CARI<OS W. TURNER, CO. H,
1862.

JOHN HINES, CO. B,
i860.

WILLIAM H. TRASK. CO. P.,
1884.

ER.-VNCIS VERNON CRANE, CO. V,
1862.

At Camp Cariisi, Va. 147

agreeable to previous instruction as to laying out camps that it might be all
right when complete. The boys took special care and pride in laying out this
camp ground, having each company street the same width and straight and
tents on a line at equal distance from each other and everything at right angles
so when up it would be attractive and convenient, each company vieing with the
other in having their work well done. Our cotton A tents and wall tents that
we occupied as our living quarters were situated at the east side near the timber,
on a large plot of meadow and pasture land that had been in use for many
years before the war in raising cotton, corn, sweet potatoes and other crops.
Not far away were groves of small pine and oak. All about, the land was quite
level and well adapted for battalion and regimental drill and for dress parades.
Here the cherry and persimmon seemed to flourish which grew much like the
horse plum and black cherry in our Northern homes. In rear of our camp was
a slow running brook sufiScient for our purposes that wound its way among the
trees to the flat marsh land on its way to the Occoquan.

There were a number of fine springs of good water near by for drinking
and cooking purposes, plenty of growing pine and oak for fire and other pur-
poses, and all about us were pitch pine fences which made a quick hot fire. The
natives protested against our using their fences and we were told to let the
rails alone, but the fences gradually like the snow, melted away, dry pine rails
more convenient and we could not always wait for green wood with which to
cook and make our coffee, especially when hungry and cold, and some of the
boys were indolent and lazy and had no respect for the Neutrals (as they called
themselves) or the rail fences.

At the close of the second day tents were all up and in good shape for
keeping house again, and we waited quite anxiously for our teams to come with
rations. Our haversacks and stomachs were empty and some were impatient
and unnessarily anxious.

The usual guard was at once stationed around the camp and quite alatge
detail sent down the river on picket duty about a mile south. Our camp was
busy for a number of days fixing up bunks made of small poles raised about
twelve inches and supported at four corners by crotched sticks driven into the
ground covered with pine and cedar boughs which we used for tables, chairs
and beds. To keep our guns, straps and clothing clean required constant atten-
tion and this was a daily duty not to be omitted that we might look neat and
tidy and avoid criticism on Sunday inspections.

Our tents were up none too soon for in the morning, April 5, the ground
was covered with a foot of snow and a cold blast of wind from the north drifted
it into piles outside and inside our tents. This was a great surprise to us as well
as to the natives, for they said, had never seen a storm like it so late in the
spnng. It was like a genuine March blizzard in Vermont. The buds and
leaves had started, fruit trees almost ready to blossom and the inhabitants were
putting in their garden seeds and preparing fields for cotton, sweet potatoes,
corn and other crops usually grown in this section. This snow storm was like
many we had in that lonesome and dreary camp, Wolf Rim Shoals, but it lasted
only a day or two, for on the 7th the warm south wind and hot rays from a

KDWTN G. ATKINS, CO. P.,
1862.

EDWIN C. ATKINS, CO. B,
1907.

EUGENE NICHOLS, CO. B,
1863.

EUGENE NICHOLS. CO. 1!,
1895.

At Camp Carusi, Va. 149

cloudless sky suddenly melted the snow, dried up the mud and again every in-
dication of Spring.

Fair ladies having now arrived in camp the boys took pride in having every-
thing in and about camp tidy, orderly and clean. We resumed battalion drill
again on the 8th. Our Colonel was bent on having his regiment the best drilled
of any in the brigade, and when weather permitted we were put on the parade
ground being instructed in all the military evolutions and manoeuvers laid down
in Hardees' Tactics. Bast day came on the 9th and Colonel Randall, accom-
panied by officers and ladies, with the drum corps for music, went for a sail
down the Occoquan as far as Potomac. It was a lovely day and they reported
a pleasant trip long to be remembered.

Our gallant and genial Colonel as all remember, was a very courteous
gentleman and extremely partial to the ladies and he of course furnished them
with every attention that their visit and stay among us might afford them
exictement and pleasure; and some were so much taken up with camp life they
remained until June and departed with regret.

The weather continued warm and pleasant, frost and winter gone and the
boys when not on the picket line, battalion drill, or guard about camp, when
passes could be obtained were visiting farm houses, Occoquan village. Mount
Vernon, only ten miles to the northeast where many went, Alexandria and
Washington and occasionally a strong guard would cross the river at Occoquan
Village travel miles south, visit plantations in search of Rebels that they believed
belonged to Mosby's guerrilla band, but we captured none that could be indenti-
fied as belonging to his bold and lawless raiders. We believed that they were
all the while acting under orders from General J. E. B. Stuart and other
officers. They were acquainted with every road and path and hiding place, and
we were not, hence our failure to overtake and capture any. We saw some old
men and young boys and plenty of maidens and occasionally a darky. The al-
most nightly raids along our picket line gobbling up a picket post here and there
was the cause of the beating of the long roll in camp so often, generally in the
dead of night. The quick call to arms expecting a sudden attack from Mosby,
with whom we were now quite too well acquainted, was always attended with
more or less confusion in camp. He, Mosby, and his minions would come and
go like a thief at night and we could not capture or find their secluded rendezvous
or hiding places. All doubtless remember the hurried call from the Ferry down
to Occoquan Village to protect and support cavalry that were on the other side,
the river having risen they could not ford or swin and the ferry boat had
broken away and floated down the stream. The cavalry thought a force of Rebel
cavalry was in pursuit to capture them. Company K went on a double quick
down to the ferry, remained until night and then Company E relieved and K
returned to camp. Not a Rebel cavalryman came in sight. Our fellows across
the stream were a little rattled and that is all, and it may well be doubted if
any force within twenty miles, for General Stoneman with 10,000 finely
equipped and well organized cavalry was on his way to cross the upper Rappa-
hannock and move around Lee's left flank and rear.

Rumor reached us that Colonel George J. Stannard had been promoted and
made a brigadier General and assigned to the command of the 2nd Vermont

JOHN C. CANERDY, CO. 1',,
1862.

CHAUNCEY P. CARPENTER, CO. B,
1862.

JAMES SHANEEY, CO. H,
1862.

JAMES SHANLEY, CO. B,
1890.

At Camp Carusi, Va. 151

Brigade, which had the hearty approval of every soldier in the 13th regiment
and the brigade. He was a Vermonter that we knew and would not hesitate
to follow. He had shown himself to be made of the genuine Ethan Allen stuff
at Harper's Ferry, when Colonel of the 9th Vermont, at the time of the useless
surrender by Colonel Miles of his whole force without making an effort to fight
or escape on September 15th, 1862.

General Stannard was a native of Georgia, Vt., and from St. Albans, and
we of Company K the 13th and Comapny E the 12th (many of us) were per-
sonally acquainted with him and had full confidence in his prowess and ability
and would unhesitatingly follow wherever he might direct or lead.

No state furnished any better material in the volunteer service than General
George J. Stannard, of St. Albans, Vt., and none made a more brilliant record
I saw him often during the battle of Gettysburg, especially at the time and
place of General Pickett's famous charge.

General Stannard originated and made the order (General Pickett's manner
of advance having furnished the opportunity) during the charge, namely,
"Change front forward on first company," this brought his brigade on General
Pickett's flank at Short Range and his Green Mountain boys, (every one of
which) were good shots fired volley after volley in quick succession, strewing
the ground with a thousand of Pickett's heroic dead in less than thirty minutes.
It was the comprehensive foresight and native inspiration that made and executed
this now famous order that resulted in the great slaughter and defeat of
General Pickett's intrepid veterans, and the complete vanquishment of General
Lee's mighty army on this field which was covered at the close of the 3rd and
last day of fighting with 20,000 and more of the dead and wounded in about
equal numbers of those that wore the blue and gray.

April loth again reported that we were soon to join Hooker on his way
to take Richmond. Many say, nothing to this rumor for only veterans would
be accepted by Hooker and the papers said he had already a mighty army of
125,000 with 400 cannon and cannoneers sufficient to handle them and did not
want any more men ; that he was now only waiting for an opportune moment
to cross the Rappahannock, give General Lee battle and push his army back
and capture Richmond. Notwithstanding the silly rumors afloat we remained
at Camp Occoquan, daily drilling and guarding with vigilence our picket lines
and preparing as well as we could for marching and fighting at any moment.
Many in camp sincerely believed that General Hooker would vanquish Lee's
army and march into Richmond and end the war before June ist, and there was
much indeed to encourage such a prediction. General Burnside had failed, but
the administration manifested great confidence in General Hooker's ability to
accomplish what the army of the Potomac had in two years of campaigning and
hard fighting failed to do, and so on this beautiful Spring day, Sunday, April
19th, all is quiet along the Occoquan.

Con.siderable sickness in camp, many of the sick have been sent to Alex-
andria and placed in the hospitals. Our Chaplain, Rev. Joseph Sargant, died at
mid-night, April 20th, and his body was taken on the 22nd by Captain Bostwick
to Washington to be sent home to Williston, Vermont.

ROYAL ORDWAY, CO. B,
1862.

ROYAL ORDWAY, CO. B,

1906.

:1V -T

CORP. CHARLES P. CARPENTER, CO. B,
1873.

HENRY MURRAY, CO. B,
1862.

At Camp Carusi, Va. 153

In less than six weeks, Captain Bostwick was taken down with fever, re-
signed, and died before reaching liome. Not an officer of the hne more
universally loved and respected or one who gave better promise of fulfilling
every requirement as an officer and soldier. His mother learned of his illness,
hastened from Vermont, reached our camp and started with her only son for
home, but too late. The mother, broken hearted, soon followed and side by
side they have slept these many years awaiting for the final resurrection. The
author, though not of the same company, soon became well acquainted with this
young officer of charming personality. To see and know him was a rare
privilege. The recollection of him has been a precious legacy. This untimely
death was much regretted. A loyal, brave soldier that loved his country and
laid down his life for its preservation. Conditions now permitted two from each
company daily, to be given passes to visit Mount Vernon, Occoquan Village,
Fairfax Station and the citizens outside our picket lines. The author in com-
pany with Fernando C. Wilett of Company G on the i6th made the march to
Mount Vernon and returned on the 17th in a rain storm, stopping over night
about a mile this side of Mount Vernon at an old mansion then occupied by i
Mr. Mason which was kept as a sort of a hotel to accommodate the boys when
making visits to and from Mount Vernon.

Our regiment received information about this date that our Brigadier
General, George J. Stannard, would make us a visit about the 25th. Great
preparations were made to have everything neat and clean and in good order.
We policed the grounds, set out rows of small pine and cedar trees around our
camp and in the company streets, fixed up tents, scoured and burnished our
guns and bayonets, etc., brushed up our dress coats and caps and blacked our
army shoes. Everything was done that we might the better show respect to
our distinguished guest.

On Sunday April 26th, about nine o'clock. General George J. Stannard
made his first official visit to our regiment, accompanied by a large body guard,
a part of the 7th Michigan cavalry. A perfect day, warm and pleasant, and all
were happy and in high glee because our Brigadier General was making us an
official call. The order came "Fall in," and the way we went led by our Colonel
out on the parade ground and there under the steady gaze of our General went
through the various evolutions for an hour or more.

The 7th Michigan cavalry gave an exhibition of drill that pleased all, for it
demonstrated how perfectly horses could be taught military drill and evolutions
by sound of bugle and use of bridle and spur. After the drill was over our
regiment was formed into a hollow square into which rode General Stannard,
led by Colonel Randall. He was introduced by our Colonel in a brief and
eloquent speech to which General Stannard responded in his quiet and modest
manner praising us for soldiery appearance, fine drilling and good looks, the
neat and orderly appearance of our camp grounds, and said, "I have no fear if
ever it should be my privilege to lead you into battle, but what you will be brave
and fearless and acquit yourselves with credit and honor to Vermont" ; and in
closing heartily thanked us for the very flattering and agreeable reception ac-
corded him. Three hearty cheers spoke our appreciation of him and the com-
pliments given. The drill and ceremony were over and the General and his

WALTER C. DIMICK, CO. B,
1862.

WALTER C. DIMICK. CO. li,
1893.

DAVTD GEEASON, CO. D,
1862.

DAVID GLEASON, CO. n,
1886.

At Camp Carusi, Va. IS5

guard moved out into the highway rapidly down the road out of sight and on
their way to Fairfax Station. This had been a great occasion for the boys and
all were elated and proud because of such a fine display, creditable appearance
and orderly conduct and on account of the complimentary remarks made by
our General.

The officers of the line praised the rank and file and they, in reply, com-
plimented their officers. This had been a busy day and thoughts of home and
our immediate future had not for a single moment engaged our attention. The
review was over and night came and we laid down to rest and to dream of home
and desperate struggles on the field of battle. These two subjects now burdened
our thoughts night and day.

On the next day after General Stannard left us, all were agreeably sur-
prised to learn of the presence of the paymaster. The boys had been short of
green backs and scrip for some time. The visits to Mount Vernon, Alexandria
and out among the settlers after milk, butter, etc., had made an unusual demand
on our pocket books and nearly all were flat and empty. We received the four
months pay ($52.00) with pleasure and hearty thanks to Uncle Sam. The
29th, drill and routine duties, and on the 30th, battalion drill and muster again
for pay. The army regulations required a monthly muster on the last of each
month, and this was called being mustered for pay. It was a full and complete
statement on blanks furnished for the purpose in duplicate of the standing of
every member of each company and all in any way connected with each regiment
by way of enlistment. The mustering officer, unless someone especially provided,
was the commandant of each camp or post. This tabulation when made up was
called the muster roll containing a complete list of names of each company
whether present for duty, sick in hospital, or away on detail duty, or absent for
any cause, deaths, discharges, resignations. It did not follow because mustered
each month for pay that we were paid monthly. Various reasons effected
dates of payment. It was now spring in Virginia and if ever a lot of fellows
were gald to see it they were the soldier-boys of the 13th Vermont Regiment,
The duties of a soldier at any time of the year during active campaigns is an
arduous life, especially in a Virginia winter like that of 1862-3 ; only those, the
most hardy and stalwart and with an unyielding determination, uncomplainingly
responded to every duty and cheerfully and manfully did their very best to ad-
vance the cause that induced them to volunteer. May ist, being May Day at
home, our camp was early astir for breakfast, guard mount, etc., hoping in
some manner to celebrate the day in camp as we were accustomed to do at
home. The harbingers of spring had come and moved Northward to the green
hills we adored and loved so intensely.

Colonel Randall in the goodness of his heart, (for if any Colonel ever loved
his boys, it was he,) gave orders and permission to roam about and go and do
whatever pleased us most, but not to stray far away nor play any tricks or pranks
on the settlers ; to behave' well, and be sure and not go m small squads outside
the picket line, and take any chances of being shot of picked up by some of
Mosby's bushwhackers. Even our mules long before sunrise commenced the
celebration of the day with their melodious brayings just outside in the edge of
the woods to the right and rear of our tents. All seemed to enjoy this day; there

OSCAR A. STEARNS, CO. B,
1880.

LOREN B. REED, CO. B,
i860.

BYRON J. STOCKWEEL, CO. B,
1861.

CHARLES C. INGAELS, CO. B,

At Camp Carnsi, Va.

^^/

was ball playing, running, jumping, and wrestling in and about camp, roaming
in the woods, down the Occoquan fishing, some visiting the settlers in search
of bread and milk, butter, ham, etc., and a mid-day meal outside of camp, of
hoe cake and bacon, and also some were anxious to see the girls to whom they
had already become quite friendly at least. The girls were a little reserved and
shy. Had evidently seen and heard of the Blue Coats before and quite probable
some had lovers in the Rebel army. These Southern girls were most bitter
towards those who wore the uniform of a soldier and evidently true and loyal
to the cause of the Confederacy. Our boys, as a rule, were courteous and well-
behaved to the dwellers thereabouts and paid well in good money for what they
had, and at this time we had plenty of money and were always free and liberal
in the use of it. We had no occasion to save it for the future, for the life of a
soldier was too uncertain, but little thought was given as to what we should do
when the war was over. I verily believe every intelligent soldier in our regi-
ment (and most were intelligent) fullj^ realized at this date the uncertainty of
ever returning home. Impending battles, were surely near at hand. The
philosophy of the soldier (it is said) "Be merry and happy to-day and take no
thought of the morrow", and too many of us acted accordingly.

This May Day in Virginia was much enjoyed and one still fresh in memory.
It was indeed one of the golden days of our soldier life.

The close of this May day brought all back to camp without an accident,
and all were happier because of a day of freedom of thought and action outside
of camp. It was the universal expression that this was by far the best day we
had seen since we crossed Long Bridge into old Virginia. There were at this
time ladies in camp from Vermont, wives of officers, who with their husbands,
with our Colonel as leader, enjoyed the day in and about camp.

. Colonel Randall was alert and vigilant during these active and strenuous
times at the front and at the same time very gallant to the ladies in camp but
did not propose to furnish Mosby and his guerillas any opportunity to ride into
his camp day or night and gobble him up as General Stoughton had been.

On the 2nd, day of May our curiosity was aroused as to what was occurring
to the south of us, for we could distinctly hear the heavy, deep rumbling of
cannonading in the direction of Fredericksburg.

A move of General Hooker's army forward had been for some time an-
ticipated, and we thought from the roar of cannon it had commenced ; every-
thing about us, the movement of troops, changing positions, strengthening the
picket line, hurrying the sick off to hospitals, inspections, continuous drills, all were
indications that a vigorous spring campaign all along the line had already com-
menced. Our camp was intensely excited and aroused in consequence of the
booming of cannon in the direction of Fredericksburg knowing full well the
situation of the army of the Potomac and General Hooker's contemplation to
push on. General Hooker, had assured the President on his recent visit to
Falmouth that his array was ready and equal for the task, and that he could do
what other Generals, McDowell, McClellan, Pope and Burnside had failed to
accomplish. He encouraged and assured President Lincoln of the vanquish-
ment of General Lee's army, the capture of Richmond, and the end of the war.
This indeed was a noble ambition, and up to the 2nd day of May, 1863, General

At Cainp Carusi, Va. 159

Hooker's maneuvering of his great army gave promise of success and the con-
summation of his laudable and burning desire to defeat General Lee and end
the war. It is true he had the best organized, equipped, officered, largest, bravest
and in every way most efficient army that ever had been mobolized on this
continent ; and there appeared to be no good reason, if well handled, why the
mighty and valorous army of the Potomac should not succeed.

On the morning of May 3rd owing to the cannonading south of us, that we
heard on the previous day, our camp was up early, anxious to ascertain what
news, if any, from General Hooker and his valiant army at the front, and if any
orders to move ; every soldier in camp was alert and anxious, but only rumors
of battles, victory and defeat were rife throughout camp. During the after-
noon. Sutlers with their teams and goods reached the ferry at Occoquan Village
seeking passage across on their way back to Alexandria and Washington, anxious
to be out of danger to themselves and possible loss of their goods, and they
informed us that General Hooker had crossed the Rappahannock with his whole
army and a great battle was being fought and that General Lee was on the
retreat. This news coming fresh from Falmouth and vicinity and was con-
sidered authentic and reliable. It was indeed encouraging and welcome news
and it spread through our camp like the beating of the long roll, and smiling
faces and cheering words spoke the hope and gladness of every heart. We
momentarily, and I may say anxiously, awaited for orders to strike tents and
follow on in support of the army of the Potomac. There were many in our
regiment since that little affair at Fairfax Court House on the 28th of Decem-
ber, when General J. E. B. Stuart charged in against us, that were anxious to
try their courage and skill in a good square genuine fight, and some said this
will be our only chance, and we can march to Hooker's army in 24 hours, and
be in season to assist in fighting our way into Richmond. We intently listened
to the rumbling sound of cannon all the day long and those, the more familiar
with the sound, said that our army was on the advance.

JNIonday, the wind being directly from the south all day long, we distinctly
heard the continuous roll of artillery and we now knew a battle was in progress
between the great armies of the Potomac and Northern Virginia, and all in our
camp felt confident of victory for our side.

During the day of May 4th, our regiment received marching orders and it
is said our brigade was to start in a few hours, that other troops were to take
our places on the picket line, that General Stannard had been ordered to advance
his command as fast as possible to the front. No definite information however
obtainable to what division or corps we had been assigned, but many seemed to
think and expressed the hope that we should be assigned to General Sedgwick's
corps the 6th, in which was the ist Vermont Brigade.

No possible change would have suited the 2nd Vermont Brigade so well as
to have found this rumor to be true. Many of us had relatives and friends in
the old Vermont brigade ; and were considerably elated over the prospect of
being with them. Though it was certain a great battle had been in progress at
the front with every prospect that we should be on the march any hour, yet
Captain Thatcher of Company I started for Washington with quite a large sum

CAPT. LEWIS L. COLIURX, CO. C,
1862.

1ST. I,I£UT. GEORGE S. ROBINSOX, CO. C,
1862.

1ST. LIEUT. WILLIAM E. MARTIN, CO. C, 2XD. LIEUT. WILLIAM L. BLAKE, CO. C,

1863. 1904-

At Camp Carusi, Va. i6i

of money to send to A^ermont so says Peter Dewey's diary of that date, May 4th,
1863.

Captain Thatcher was a scholarly gentleman, and no doubt the patriotic
impulses of his heart were as solicitous and honorable as any officer of the
Line, but it was evident that he was not as well calculated for the desperate
struggle of battle as his associates.

It has been demonstrated again and again to be a physical impossibility for
some to go into battle. Captain Thatcher returned from Washington on the
evening of the Jtli bringing papers containing news of a great battle and the
defeat of General Hooker at Chancellorsville, and the withdrawal of his whole
army back across the Rappahannock. We had expected to move on the 4th,
5th, and 6th, but did not, and it was now evident why. Defeat at Chancellors-
ville and the retreat back to the north banks of the Rappahannock and Falmouth
explained why. There was nothing talked of in our camp for days only about
General Hooker's defeat. Some in their charity said, "Not a defeat but a
change of base," others, "A sharp fight and a retreat in good order to make
ready to fight on some other day," and similar remarks. The fact was (and
the officers knew it as well as the rank and file, but all were careful about criti-
cising superior officers) that we had suffered a most humiliating defeat. The
public press, though conservative, admitted as much, and it fell like a thunder-
bolt from a clear sky on the Union cause, and no satisfactory explanations given.
President Lincoln and his Cabinet were amazed, alarmed, and deeply
affected, and could not account for the unlooked-for disaster.

There was no good and sufficient reason given (nor has there ever been
one offered) why the army of the Potomac should not have been successful in
this battle unless it be the lack of ability in General Hooker to properly man-
oeuvre and fight so great an army as he then commanded. He was simply out-
generaled by Lee, and that is likely the full explanation.

General Hooker's literary executor, Samuel P. Bates, in his aritcle page
218 Vol. 3, "Battles and Leaders of the Civil War," reports what General
Hooker said while on a tour of examination of the battlefield at Chancellorsville
in October 1876 on approaching a certain pine tree and pointing it out said,
"It was under that tree that Lee and Jackson planned the mode of attack and
devised the mischief which routed and came near ruining my army." This
statement is an admission of one of the causes of defeat, and want of ability
to handle a great army and fight the same to its best advantage was another
cause. In fact as a commander he was not in the same class with such officers
as General Lee, General Longstreet, General Jackson and Generals Grant, Sher-
man, Sheridan and Meade.

Hooker had an army of 130,000, as it was claimed, 404 cannon, were well
drilled and fed, and in the best condition for offensive operations and under him
were many able and distinguished officers, corps commanders of experience,
while General Lee had about 60,000 with 170 pieces of artillery.

Hooker took his own time to prepare for this important movement, selected
his positions for the attack and battlefield and surprised General Lee and crossed
the Rappahannock without his knowledge, placed his army as suited him best,

SERGT. SUI.LIXAN F. CALE, CO. C,
1862.

REV. SUELIX'AX E. GALE. C(i. C,
1905.

SERGT. DURHAM .\. MARBLE, CO. C,
1862.

SERGT. DURHAM A. MARHLE, CO. C.
1896.

At Camp Carusi, Va. 163

reached the field of contest in splendid order and good fighting trim. His men
were as brave and the equal in battle as those of General Lee, and his guns were
better and he had nearly two to Lee's one of men and guns.

General Howard on the right was not to blame because General Lee sent
Stonewall Jackson to attack the right flank then held by the nth army corps
and commanded by General Howard, General Hooker blundered in sending
General Sedgwick with the 6th army corps to that awful and useless slaughter
of Marie's Heights, and for ordering General Sedgwick, who was miles to the
left, to hasten to his support when he had 80,000 with him at Chancellorsville
and neglecting on May 3rd to put the First and Fifth army corps both fresh,
in good fighting condition, into action, and to have so arranged and made known
his plans to others so that his combined forces could have been brought into
united and active co-operation on the field of battle. To be sure General
Hooker was injured in the forenoon of May 3rd at the Chancellorsville House
and the army for a while was without a leader. General Couch, the next in
rank, should have been more fully instructed by General Hooker before the
battle to provide against a contingency of death or disability. The attacking
party must not omit a single detail and no excuse can be offered for such negli-
gence. General Couch should have been fully advised that he might have
assumed command sooner after Hooker's disability on the battlefield.

Joe Hooker was a good, fearless, and brave fighter, but when called to
handle and fight a larger force than a corps, was not equal to the demand, and
this statement is fully warranted by the way the Chancellorsville battle was
fought, the Union army being hurled and driven back in great haste and con-
fusion to the north bank of the Rappahannock. The consensus of opinion
among military writers of to-day is, that it was a mistake to have given General
Hooker command of the great army of the Potomac. General Hooker as a
Commander of a great army had not been tried. His subsequent career
demonstrated his fighting activity, his true devotion to cause and country.

The death of that brave, conscientious, and indomitable fighter Stonewall
Jackson may have been the Providential incident that saved our army from
more humiliating defeat, and possibly, capture.

Thomas Jonathan Jackson was ever ready and willing to do his duty to
the utmost, not for him to question why, but to obey. He was not a great
General like Lee, Joseph E. Johnson, Albert Sidney Johnston, Longstreet, Hill
and J. E. B. Stuart, but an unyielding dashing intrepid fighter of great magnet-
ism and prowess.

Quite a number of changes occurred in our regiment while at Camp Widow
Violet, and perhaps the most important was the resignation of Lieutenant
Colonel A. C. Brown to accept, at the earnest request of Governor Holbrooke,
the position of Commissioner of the Board of Enrollment of the First Con-
gressional District of Vermont. This was a general disappointment, for the
Colonel had fully demonstrated his fitness and courage to command when he
had charge of our regiment in the night attack of General Stuart at Fairfax
Court House, December 28th. He was a fine man of good character and well
thought of and we were sorry to have him leave us. We knew of course there
were plenty of others who could take his place and fill it with credit. Captain

■ ^

'■'■■': ■'■■■■'■■■ T..

^^

■•■.S^ffll--^

SERGT. CHARLES A, WATSON, CO. C.
1863.

SERGT. CHARLES A. WATSON, CO. C,

SERGT. CHARLES SHEPARD, CO, C,
1863.

SERGT. CHARLES SHEPARD, CO, C,
1906.

At Camp Carusi, I'a. 165

Wm. D. j\Iunson, of Company D was promoted to the position of Lieutenant
Colonel on j\Iay 5th. The whole regiment was pleased with the promotion of
Capt. Munson. Everyone recognized his superior qualifications for the place,
he being a graduate of Norwich University. Major Clark had resigned on the
last of March and Capt. Boynton of Company E was promoted Major and
entered at once upon the discharge of his duties as such. Also Colonel
Randall's brother, Rev. Edward H. Randall had been appointed Chaplain on
the 5th of ]\Iay to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Rev. Joseph Sargent,
who died April 20th.

These promotions made vacancies in the ofifices of the Line which were
in due season filled, mention of which will be found in the final statement of
events at this camp.

Colonel Randall having been apprised of General Stannard's intention of
making another visit, issued an order for a general policing of our camp and
other preparations, and hence on the morning of the 9th down came the A tents
and a general house-cleaning took place and everything was in order again
before noon. General Stannard rode into camp about two o'clock in the after-
noon accompanied by some of his staff and orderlies and a mounted guard.
The drum corps was called out to furnish music for the occasion. On the nth
quite an amusing episode at dress parade; the Colonel was absent and Lieutenant
Colonel Muson had not yet arrived to assume his position as Lieutenant Colonel
and the right of Major Boynton to command the regiment was questioned by
Captain Lonergan of Company A. Captain Lonergan claimed that Captain
Boynton's commission as Major had not been received, and for that reason he
as the ranking captain was in charge of the regiment and post and this view
was seconded b)' Captain Coburn of Company C, who felt that the rule of pro-
motion in advancing Captain Boynton of Company E had not been strictly
followed and seemed quite willing to stand by Captain Lonergan in his con-
tention, and so at dress parade, both Major Boynton and Captain I^onergan took
positions as commander of the regiment and attempted to discharge the duties
of Colonel. Two in command and both giving orders to the Adjutant and he,
the Adjutant, refusing to recognize Captain Lonergan's claim was ordered under
arrest and his sword demanded. This, Adjutant Peck refused to obey and
after considerable sharp talk, and without proceeding further. Major Boynton,
realizing the awkward situation, without further ceremony dismissed the
parade, and the several companies returned to their respective quarters con-
siderably excited and disgusted with the foolish and boyish exhibition of
Captain Lonergan, who sullenly returned to his tent loudly proclaiming his right
to command.

Major Boynton had been left in charge by Colonel Randall and the mere
fact that his commission had not arrived as Major ought not to have been
questioned. It was at least in bad taste and an exhibition of insubordination.

The Colonel arrived about ten in the evening and when informed of what
had occurred ordered both Captains Lonergan and Coburn under arrest. This
made considerable excitement in camp and furnished food for talk and wise
opinions for a number of days. After some explanations and apologies the
whole matter was dropped and nothing more said about it ; only a slight

SERGT. LORENZO D. CUTLER, CO. C,
1862.

CORP. ELI S. PITKIN, CO. C,
1862.

CORP. EDG.\R A. KEETON, CO. C,
1862.

CORP EDGAR A. KELTON, CO. C,
1869.

At Camp Carusi, Va. 167

difference of opinion as to strict military regulation, that and nothing more,
therefore all were exonerated and restored to good standing and harmony and
goodfellowship, and social relations continued as before.

May 13th, Lieutenant Colonel Munson arrived in camp and assumed the
duties of this office to which he had been promoted. On the morning of the
14th, about nine o'clock, a mounted horseman rode into camp much excited and
somewhat frightened and cried the news "Mosby has captured our teams on the
road to Fairfax Station ; twelve mules and four horses, wagons, etc., and seven
soldiers and have started in great haste back across the Upper Occoquan."
This piece of news spread like a fire alarm. The long roll beat and the regiment
appeared promptly for all had heard the news and three or four companies
were sent in hot pursuit on the double quick to overhaul and re-take our prop-
erty and men, and capture if possible the marauders, but after arriving at the
supposed place of crossing the Occoquan which was pointed out by one of our
captured boys that had escaped, concluded that they might as well return to
camp, for Mosby and his followers were doubtless far beyond our reach. They
were mounted and we on foot and we had already learned no use of infantry
to attempt to capture cavalry though we were fleet of foot.

These teams and mule drivers and others belonged to our regiment and
were on their way to the Station for rations for our post and to visit Alexandria
and Washington. Our teams were captured just after leaving camp some two
miles out by a party of guerrillas under command (as it turned out) of Lieutenant
Smith of the 4th Virginia cavalry. Our boys were given a bare back free ride
to Gainsville and there paroled and returned to camp as good as new except
sore and tired.

The captured said they hurried them as fast as possible and that bare back
riding on a sharp mule or horse thirty or forty miles, fording rivers and through
bush and timber, in paths and no paths, up hill and down was an experience
anything but agreeable. They remained in camp and kept very quiet for a
number of days. I do not think any of them did duty afterwards, and yet it
was possible an exchange was arranged and their parole cancelled. Those taken
were Sergeants Boyce and Silsby of Company B ; Sergeant Fuller G. Wood-
worth and J. Griffith of Company G ; S. Austin of Company H ; J. Carr of Com-
pany I and Hubbard J. Searl of Company K. I am under an impression from
a memoranda at hand that these persons were sent forward to a parole camp
at Washington there to wait an exchange.

Oscar Hubbard of Company K died from typhoid fever on the i6th, and
Stephen G. West of Company I on the 17th. About this date a large company
of boys went over on the south side of the Occoquan as a scouting party and
returned with eight horses and one man. The boj's now claimed to be about
even for those we lost on the 14th. Some of the horses were good, but most
of them were played out, unfit for work or riding.

The weather had been fine and warm most of the month and our camp had
been the scene of quite a number of social gatherings, principally on account
of the Vermont ladies in camp, and they were of course accorded due attention
by our Colonel and his associate officers. The officers, rank and file were born
gentlemen and were ever courteous, except when occasion demanded different
treatment.

CORP. DLI T. MARSH, CO. C,
1862.

CORP. ROLIJN D. STEWART, CO. C,
1862.

CHRISTOPHER H. WAKEFlEED,

Musician, 1862.

CHRISTOPHER H. WAKEFIEED,

Musician, iqo6.

At Camp Carusi, J 'a. 169

On the 2 1 St, General Stannard made another visit, and we had a dance in
the evening given by the officers in camp in honor of our distinguished guest,
and to this gathering our General on urgent invitation consented to grace the
occasion with his person.

Captain Thatcher returned on the 30th from Union Mills where he had
been attending a court martial hearing, and reported that the Rebel guerilla
Mosby with a large force had captured a supply train at Catletts Station about
fifteen miles south of Fairfax Station on the Orange and Alexandria Railroad,
consisting of ten cars of forage, a quantity of soft bread and Sutler's supplies ;
had taken what they wanted and destroyed the rest, and were on their way east
and might be expected at our camp any hour, and he had hastened back to
camp to bring the news. This stirring news made excitement and some conster-
nation in our camp; we had frequently heard of Mosby, now called Major
Mosby, because of his successful and daring raid at Fairfax Court House and
capture of a brigadier general, staff, aids, orderlies and guards and we did not
doubt but that the report was true and hence all necessary preparation was
made to give him a cordial welcome and warm reception. No one in camp
seemed to be rattled or looked pale with fear, all hoped to have an opportunity
to even up with him for his repeated visits among us since we had been in
charge of the picket line from the Potomac up the Occoquan, along Bull Run
to Centerville. We waited all day expecting to hear the signal gun on the
picket line, but none came, and all appeared much disappointed. It was re-
ported that Mosby, meeting with so much success and finding a good supply of
what was most needed in his camp, had returned back to the mountains from
whence he came. It was also reported that the First Vermont Cavalry were
in pursuit with which fact we were well satisfied, for they were Vermonters
and were sure to do Mosby evenhanded justice according to custom if captured.

Being now sure that Mosby would not be seen in our camp, we resumed our
usual daily duties and occupations. Our routine duties thus far in this camp
have only in part been told. Much of our time was devoted to letter writing,
making notes of each day's hapenings in and about camp in pocket diaries.
Quite a number of our regiment made arrangements with the 7th Michigan
Cavalry in camp nearby, and borrowed their horses for a day to visit Mount
Vernon and to scout the country in the direction of Dumfries and Fredericks-
burg, impelled by curiosity instead of anxiety to fight.

Quite a number among us, when not otherwise engaged, gave their atten-
tion to the study of text books for they were college students and appeared
anxious to make the most of their time and oportunity.

The ambitious among us still engaged in sword and bayonet drill. Some
of the boys daily engaged in playing cards, dominoes, checkers and chess, pitch-
ing quoits, pistol practice, fishing and hunting, gathering berries and cherries
which grew in abundance in this locality.

It was no unusual thing for a large squad headed by some commissioned
officer or Sergeant to obtain permission and cross the Occoquan, search the
countr}^, (always keeping well together), in pursuit of pleasure and to ascertain
if there were any suspicious looking persons in that region.

SERf.T. J. HUDSON KIBBEEj CO. C,
1862.

CORP. SIJRENO WRIGHT GOUI.D,
1862.

W. n. 11. WAKEFIELD, CO. C,

Fifer, 1862.

W. IT. H. W.-\KEFIELD, CO. C,

Fifer, 1887.

At Camp Carusi, Va. 171

The last days of May brought news indicating that we should soon be
on the move which led us to look over our clothing, knapsacks, etc., that we
might see what we would likely most need, pack the remainder with trinkets,
souvenirs, etc., we had on hand and send them home. A few were planning
and still hoping for official honors long looked for and too long delayed. Some
were attending the sick in camp of whom Captain Bostwick of Company F and
Captain Whitney of Company H were seriously sick, and their friends and
comrades were much alarmed.

Captain Bostwick's mother had arrived hoping to return to Vermont with
her devoted son. Surgeon Nichols had told Captain Bostwick that his only
chance of recovery was to reach Vermont as soon as possible. Captain Whitney
was taken to Alexandria in a critical condition with a raging fever and every
heart in the regiment was sad for he had been our first and much beloved Ad-
jutant.

The month of May had been the most exciting and busy of any, since we
crossed the Potomac the last of October, and too it had been the most enjoyed
on account of weather and location. These were indeed the halcyon days of
camp-life in old Virginia and all had become much attached to camp Carusi
and almost wished that when war was over and peace declared we might settle
down in this lovely spot.

June opened with a warm and summer-like day, our camp was up early,
airing tents and blankets, policing streets and camp ground, standing around the
cook tent fire waiting for pork and beans with acid vinegar, hard tack and
coffee. Some were making their own coffee in their individual tin cups thinking
they could do better than the cook.

True, the flavor of the coffee occasionally was a little ofl: made in those
sheet iron kettles, boiled for twenty or thirty minutes, the same kettles that
were used for pork and beans and general cooking.

There was added to our rations in this camp desicated potatoes, pressed,
dried vegetables for soup and other nick-nacks of that kind, and therefore
enough to eat that was good.

On the morning of the 5th of June the sad news of the death of Captain
Orloff H. Whitney reached camp and the circumstances which attended it added
much to our grief, for we thought he had been neglected by those in charge.
In his delirium he had jumped from his window to the street and was taken up
in a dying condition. The nurse in charge made some plausible explanation,
but the Captain's friends and comrades were not satisfied. He was gone and
no investigation would restore him to life. His comrades of Company K
mourned the death of this great hearted, brave and zealous officer whose career
thus far, gave much promise of achieving a full measure of success and honor.
This 10th day of June, Dame Rumor says, arrival of orders to be ready to
fall in at the sound of the bugle, and everybody expecting now an onward
march. That General Lee is evidently contemplating another move north, and
flushed with pride on account of his success at Chancellorsville, and because of
the season of the year and the condition of his army, and on account of General
Hooker's waiting policy on Stafford Heights inviting him (General Lee) to
try again to capture Washington.

WILLIAM II. LEWIS, CO. C,

1863.

WILLIAM H. LEWIS, CO. C,
1904.

JOHN K. CROSS, CO. C,
1862.

JOHN K. CROSS, CO. C,
1900.

At Camp Canisi, J'a. 173

The paymaster has again arrived in camp, and all seemed happy with the
prospect of two months' pay in green-backs and yellow scrip. The Sutler, as
ever, is on hand for his share, which is always the lion's share, evidently making
preparation to close up his business and return to Alexandria or Washington
out of danger.

News reaches camp that General Lee is again moving down the Shennan-
doah Valley on another invasion of Maryland, hoping this time to capture
Washington. General Hooker's army has started north, east of the Blue Ridge
and up the Potomac Valley to intercept General Lee and protect Washington.
The van of General Hooker's great army arrives on the 14th and crosses the
Occoquan on a pontoon bridge laid across at Occoquan Village near our camp.
We assist in laying the bridge and then for a number of days sit on the bank
and watch the moving army, infantry, cavalry and artillery, a whole army
corps cross here, reported to be the 12th under the command of General Slocum.
It was said fighting Joe Hooker and staff passed by near our camp on this
occasion — it was not my privilege to see him pass, but did see him later at
Frederick City, Maryland. The 6th corps, in which was the old Vermont
brigade, crossed the Occoquan at the ford near our old camp ground at Wolf
Run Shoals. An army of 100,000 could not all pass on a single road and hence
occupied all the roads from Fredericksburg north between the Potomac and
Bull Run and Manassas Junction. The diaries of Peter J. Dewey and John
Brough say "General Hooker and staff passed our camp on the 15th of June.''

The 14th, 15th and i6th were very warm days, roads dry and full of dust,
great clouds appeared wherever troops were on the march. That part of this
great army passing us appeared well and in good fighting condition, but it was
evident from remarks made as they passed that a battle was near at hand, and
that it would not be this time a Bull Run. All were mad on account of defeat
at Chancellorsville. The old Vermont brigade bivouacked for the night, June
15th at Fairfax Station.

Some of our regiment who were at Fairfax Station reported meeting a few
they knew, and they made inquiries about friends in our regiment and brigade.
We were on this day ordered to take down A tents and load them to be hauled
to Alexandria and use instead fly tents. Everything foreshadowed that we
had marching orders and would soon follow, and yet many were sure that our
time was so near out that we would not be sent on any long march or into any
great battle. It was of course true that nearly all our regiment had been serving
already more than nine months since the date of actual enlistment and the
timorous and fainthearted argued much and long trying to convince themselves
and others that when we left this camp it would be for Washington on our
way to Vermont to be mustered out. Colonel Randall, when asked for his
opinion, said our term of enlistment would date from the time of muster in,
October loth, and hence would not expire until July loth, and if any battle was
to be fought, it would not surprise him if our brigade had a chance to take
part in it, that it was Cjuite certain we would not be discharged before our term
expired and surely when the capital of the nation was in danger of capture,
as it then seemed, no one would be sent home or left behind and that we might
rest assured, with the acquired reputation of Vermont Soldiers with a fighting

ORSOX WOliDCOCK, CO. C,
1862.

ORSOX WO( UCOCK, CO. C.
1905.

WILLIAM E. LAWSON, CO. C,
1862.

WILLIAM E. LAWSON, CO. C,
1904.

At Camp Canisi, Va. 175

brigadier General like Stannard in command, if the army of the Potomac had
another chance for a clinch with General Lee every regiment would be on the
ground to fight and fight hard and he advised if we had any things to send
home or letters to write better attend to it right away, for we should likely
follow immediately after the army had passed, and if a long march, must get
rid of all unnecessary luggage in order to endure forced marching.

All were much engaged in watching the great army pass and in endeavoring
to obtain information where going and what for, etc., etc., but the rank and file
of the passing hosts were no wiser than we, and would reply "we are after old
Lee who has given us the slip and gone up to Maryland again to redeem his
reputation lost at Antietam when he was up there before, "and some confidentially
would say that" we were down on the Peninsula campaign with General McClellan
and if they will only put little Mac at the head. General Lee and his army will
never see Richmond again," etc., etc. Nearly all who served under McClellan
in the battles about Richmond in the (On to Richmond Campaign) and at
Boonsboro, South Mountain, Crampton and Fox Gaps and at Antietam had
great confidence in his ability as a commander.

It was now summer in Virginia and we were given plenty of drill and
scouting across the Occoquan the better to prepare us for any kind of service
no matter how arduous and long the march or desperate the struggle.

On the 19th or 20th we heard heavy firing in the west and in the direction
of Bull Run and south towards Aquia Creek. The wise and timid were now
sure that the Rebs were coming up the Potomac Valley by way of Dumfries
to make a dash into Washington. We had heard of General J. E. B. Stuart
often since our first introduction at Fairfax Court House, December 28th, and
were prepared to expect him at any time and from most any place. The con-
tinuous firing created considerable excitement in our camp each having his
own opinion as to the cause. No one appearing we thought it practice firing.

Sunday, the 19th, was our last inspection in this camp and on the 23rd we
received orders to be ready with six days' rations to march. Our haversacks
would only hold four days' rations and we had no way of carrying rations only
in our haversacks. We however stufifed our haversacks, took a hearty break-
fast of pork and beans and on the morning of June 2Sth, 1863, with feelings
of mingled gratitude and sorrow took a long lingering farewell look of our now
deserted camp and its surroundings where we had spent the happiest days of our
soldier life, and said good bye to this delightful camp on the sunny banks of
the Occoquan, turned our faces northward, fell into line and at the familiar
voice of our faithful commander as he said "Forward March" commenced that
memorable long and weary seven days' march that ended on the battlefield at
Gettysburg, July ist, 1863, amidst the booming of cannon, the rattle of musketry
and the piteous moans of the wounded and dying.

Before writing of the march to Gettysburg will give a brief summary of
some of the changes and conditions while in Camp Widow Violet on the Occo-
quan that may serve the purpose of interest as well as reference to some of the
incidents that occurred while this camp was our soldier home.

Lieutenant Colonel Andrew C. Brown resigned May 5th and Captain Wm.
D. Munson was promoted Lieutenant Colonel on the same day. May 5th, but

EUFUS H. FARR, CO. C,
1862.

RUFUS H. FARR, CO. C,
1905.

ALF.XANDER DINGWALI,, CO. C,
1862.

JOSKPH SIMMONS, CO, C,
1862.

On the March to Gcttysbitry.

1//

did not assume the duties until a later date. Rev. Joseph Sargant, Chaplain.
died April 20th at the nearby dwelling house on the way from our camp to
Occoquan Village, and Rev. Edward H. Randall, a brother of Colonel Randall,
was appointed Chaplain, but he did not for some reason accept the commission.

Company A lost none at this camp by death or discharge nor was there any
change in the Line ofificers of this company. There were changes in the non-
commissioned officers, namely, Alvin H. Henry was reduced from First Sergeant
to Second and James B. Scully promoted from Second Sergeant to First
Sergeant, April 30th, a strange coincident. No better boy in Company A for
Orderly Sergeant than J. B. Scully. Company B lost by death Charles D.
Billings, May 19th, Cyron G. Thayer, May 20th and Lorin B. Reed, May 30th;
and by discharge, Jerome Fiske, June 27th, Stedman D. Moulten, April 24th,
making three by death and two by discharge in this company. Company C lost
by death only one in this camp, Francis F. Ta3'lor who died April i6th. Com-
pany D lost b)' death Thomas Calvert, May 17th; by discharge Sergeant George
Stevens, May loth, Henry H. Talcott, May 2nd. Company E lost by death
I,eonard C. Fuller, May 27th and George B. Hebb, May 22nd, and Luke Flem-
ing, June 8th who died at Brattleboro. Captain Joseph J. Boynton, of Com-
pany E was promoted Major, May 5th, and Orderly Sergeant Sidney S. Alorey
of Compan)' K promoted Second Lieutenant June 4th. It is evident that
privates Edward L. Hibbard of Company K and Hiram Shattuck of Company
F had a strong pull with the Colonel or they would not have been promoted
from the ranks to positions of Lieutenants in Company D, considering the
material in the company from which to select, but the motives that influenced
the appointments were not known. No question, however, ever made but what
Hibbard and Shattuck were well qualified and entitled to promotion and honor.
It seemed a little strange and Company D boys were not pleased, but found no
fault with comrades Hibbard and Shattuck.

Company F lost by resignation Captain Bostwick, June 12th who died at
Washington on his way home; by death Wilson A. Bentley, June 25th, Erastus
Powell, IMay 2Sth and by discharge, Melancthon S. Lee, April 4th, Eli N. Peck,
April 6th, Ziba Pixley, May i8th at Brattleboro. Company G lost by death
Thomas Longly, June 17th, Orville Wheeler, May 20th. Company H lost by
death Captain OrlolT Whitney, June 4th, Sergeant Charles M. McKnight, May
24th, Thomas Slayton, April 7th, John K. Dow, May i6th, Seth S. Moore,
May 24th; by discharge, Henry Hobert, April 25th, Isaac Kimball, June 3rd,
and Russell Wheeler, April i8th. Company I lost by death, Stephen G. West,
May J 7th; by discharge, George H. Davis, May 6th, Wm. H. H. Whitney,
April 6th. Company K lost by death, Oscar B. Hubbard, May i6th, and one
by discharge, Martin L. Clark, April 4th, making a loss of officers by resigna-
tion two, by death two, of the rank and file by death 17, discharge 11, making
a total loss by death of 19, by resignation and discharge 13, a total loss to the
regiment at Camp Widow Violet 32.

It will be observed that on the date of leaving Camp Occoquan, June 25th,
1863, our regiment had lost from all causes about 125 (in this estimate is
included those captured and paroled and in parole camp.)

MARCUS F. TUCKER, CO. C,
1862.

MARCUS F. TUCKER, CO. C,
1872.

DAVID HUNTINGTON, CO. C,
1907.

WILLIAM H. ORMSliEE, CO. C,
1882.

On the March to Gettysburg. ijg

Quite a large number were sick in the hospitals at Alexandria, Washington
and Vermont, some were on special duty and some at parole camp and taking
into consideration all the losses up to June 25th the effective force of the
several companies would not exceed on an average over 75 each.

The morning report of Company K on this date reported three officers of
the Line and 70 of the Rank and File present for duty, and not over that num-
ber of Company K started on the march, June 25th, and in this estimate two
musicians, one wagoner, two cooks and one bugler is included. I assume that
the other companies were about the same in number.

There had been since muster into United States service, October loth,
1862 to June 25th, 1863, by death, resignation, discharge, desertion, 118.
Captured and in parole camp, sick in hospitals, detailed in battery and on
detached duty about 70, making a total of 188, leaving of the regiment present
for duty including the cooks who acted as guards to wagon trains, drum corps,
ambulance, detail and hospital corps and the officers of the Field and Staff,
non-commissioned staff and of the Line about 760. Our total when mustered
in was 953. Some were mustered in after we reached Washington, do not
know how many, but am sure of two.

Company K had two cooks, 2 musicians, i bugler, i nurse, i in a battery,
I in the ambulance corps, 2 wagoners and therefore of this company not over
65 of the rank and file shouldered their knapsacks and started on the march
June 25th. . W> had also our Captain and First and Second Lieutenant, making
the total fighting strength of Company K in line on this date not more than 68.
I am quite confident that 68 is a fair average of all the companies that fell into
line on the morning of June 25th and started on the march in pursuit of
General Lee's army.

The sick, convalescent and otherwise disabled had been gleaned out and
sent forward to Alexandria and Washington so that those who did start on the
march beyond question were physicially vigorous and strong and capable of
much fatigue and endurance. It is true that there was quite a number that
believed we were to march directly to Alexandria and Washington and be
placed on reserved duty and remain in the defences of Washington until our
term of service expired and then sent forward to Vermont to be mustered out
and for this reason some were in the ranks that morning which if they had
known where we were going and what was before them would have been sick,
lame, or had some other excuse and not have started on that seven days' march.
Some in fact were unfit for such a task.

Colonel Randall gave out no information concerning our march or its desti-
nation or probabilities of a fight. He wisely kept all knowledge received from
General Stannard and was very careful how he answered the anxious inquiries
of those who now believed there was no danger of being sent into battle. The
officers and a large majority of the rank and file knew full well that a great
battle was near at hand. We had been, through the papers and other avenues,
sufficiently apprised of General Lee's march northward and his ultimate pur-
pose was said to be the invasion of Maryland and Pennsylvania for supplies
and to go to Harrisburg and Baltimore and then on to capture Washington.

NLnZ^JUnUTjaiEfKAl-W

EDWIN I,. WRIC. HT, CO. C,
1862.

EDWIN L. WRIGHT, CO. C,
1897.

GEORGE SHATTUCK, CO. C,
1897.

HENRY A. MILES, CO. C,
1865.

On the March to Gcttxsbitrg.

I8i

General Lee, in consummation of that burning ambition to which end he
had given his great ability, unremitting toil, and singleness of purpose, night and
day since he was given the command of the great army of Northern Virginia,
was the capture of Washington, establishment of a Confederate Government
and return to his old home on Arlington Heights and to accomplish all this
before the army of the Potomac could reach Washington to intercept, was now
his hope and determination.

General Lee had met Burnside and Hooker at Fredericksburg and Chan-
cellorsville and was now familiar with Hooker's capacity and mode of man-
oeuvering and therefore fearlessly and boldly made his plans and started early
in June again for Maryland. That a more comprehensive and better under-
standing may be had as to some of the reasons that led to our transfer from the
22nd army corps defences of Washington under command of General Hentzle-
man and assigned to the ist army corps under Major General John F. Reynolds,
it may be well to review briefly the several events, surroundings, and circum-
stances that had a bearing on the plans of the campaign of both of the great
armies and the outcome that followed.

After General Hooker's defeat at Chancellorsville he recrossed the Rap-
panhannock and waited on the defensive until after General Lee had started
his army down tiie Shenandoah Valley ostensibly for the purpose of invasion
of Maryland and Pennsylvania and the capture of Washington. General Lee's
plans were made as early as June 3rd. General J. E. B. Stuart and cavalry
had crossed the Rapidan and arrived at Culpepper Court House. Brandy Sta-
tion and some as far north as Warrenton Junction. General Longstreet's
corps had been sent forward and General Ewell's corps had started, and on the
9th of June Longstreet had joined General Stuart at Culpepper Court House
and Ewell was crossing the Rapidan while General A. P. H^ill's corps was left
in plain view purposely at Fredericksburg intending to deceive Hooker as he
did in the movements of Lee's army.

General Hooker, wishing to stir up Lee's camps at Culpepper Court
House ordered General Pleasanton to move his cavalry in force for that pur-
pose, thinking that General Lee would not remain idle at this season of the year
and lose what appeared to be a golden opportunity to steal a march down
Pennsylvania Avenue in the capital of the nation and establish his headquarters
in his old home in the I^ee mansion on Arlington Heights.

During the month of May subsequent to the battle of Chancellorsville,
General Lee had strengthened and re-organized his army into three army corps
and his cavalry as a grand division with batteries of horse artillery under com-
mand of Major General J. E. B. Stuart, the most able of all his fighting cavalry
commanders, General Longstreet having command of the ist army corps.
General Ewell, the 2nd army corps and General Ambrose P. Hill, the 3rd army
corps and the artillery under Major R. F. Beckham. Lee had selected, being
governed by his personal knowledge acquired on many battlefields, those he
considered the best for the several positions for the consummation of his plans
already matured.

While General Hooker had been resting and quietly waiting on the north
bank of the Rappahannock in the vicinity of Fredericksburg and Falmouth for

ALANSON A. NYE, CO. C,
1862.

ALANSON A. NYE, CO. C,

1892.

SAMUEL PRATT, CO. C,

1863.

SAMUEL PRATT, CO. C,

1889-

On the March to Gettysburg. 183

Lee to attack him there, doing nothing in particular to improve the strength of
his army or the morale of the rank and file which at this time was in a deplor-
able condition. They had lost confidence in General Hooker because of the
result at Chancellorsville. Hooker had lost by expiration of term of service
about 25,000 efi-'ectivcs and these had not been made good only in part, and not
by soldiers of so much experience and it therefore will be seen at once that he
was not in as good condition as before the battle of Chancellorsville, and it was
very evident that General Ifooker was no equal to General Lee in planning a
campaign and manoeuvering and fighting a great army. Lee was ready and on
the first week of June was on the march by way of Culpepper Court House
twenty miles or more west and north of Falmouth when Hooker was yet watch-
ing General Hill's corps making as much show as possible to attract attention
on the Heights south of Fredericksburg.

General Pleasanton on reaching Culpepper Court House and Brandy Sta-
tion June loth, found General Stuart in force supported by infantry and artillery
and after a few dashes and clashes having ascertained to his satisfaction the
information wanted, considered discretion the better part of valor and quietly
recrossed the Rappahannock sustaining a loss of about 1,000 killed, wounded
and missing and hastened back to General Llooker's headquarters near Fred-
ericksburg and surprised the General with information of great moment to him
and his army as well as the Nation, mforming him that General Lee was in
force and on the move north at Culpepper Court House and Brandy Station at
this date, June loth, that Stuart and Ewell were at Brandy Station and Long-
street at Culpepper Court House.

General Hooker at this time was still resting quietly for Lee to attack him,
apparently not suspecting Lee's flanking movement, though only 20 miles to his
right, that is, 20 miles westerly from General Hooker's army. General Hooker
suddenly awoke to find his right flank turned and Lee on his way down the
Valley towards Harper's Ferry, and that he must now act, and therefore at once
faced about and sent his cavalry towards Warrenton Junction, a corps of
infantry to follow expecting to intercept Lee's progress, but this move was too
late for on the 12th of June, General Ewell had already passed down the valley
as far as Manasses Gap, two days' march from any of Hooker's infantry corps.
General Hooker started a part of his army on the march, which reached Bealeton
on the Orange and Alexandria Railroad just north of Brandy Station with
some of his cavalry at Warrenton Junction. All the rest of his army was still
within ten miles of Falmouth. From this day, June 12th, it was a race between
both armies for Harper's Ferry. Lee down the Shenandoah Valley and along
the east side of the Blue Ridge, and Hooker up the Potomac Valley, by way of
Dumfries, Occoquan, Centerville, Manassas Junction, Fairfax Court House,
Chantilly, Aldie, and Leesburgh, and on the 13th of June Ewell's corps had
reached Winchester and Martinsboro. Longstreet and Stuart were still at Cul-
pepper Court House and A. P. Hill was now on his way to Culpepper Court
House.

General Hooker was still on the north bank of the Rappahannock with the
1st, 2nd, 3rd and 5th corps extending for a few miles west of Falmouth to the
northeast of Bealeton with the nth corps at Catletts Station, and the 12th and

JOSHUA M. liAII.ltV, CO. C,
1862,

JOSHUA M. BAILEY, CO. C,

Standing, 1889.

WILLI. VM SLADE, CO. C,

n

CHARLES C. TEWKSBURV, CO. C,
1906.

On the March to Gettysburg. 185

6th corps at Dumfries and his cavah-y at Warrenton Junction all moving rapidly
north. On the 17th, a part of Ewell's corps and Stuart's cavalry crossed the
Potomac into Maryland and were near Chambersburgh, Pennsylvania, moving
eastward and the rest of his corps was crossing the Potomac, at Shepherdstown,
with Longstreet having just passed through Ashby's Gap into the Shenandoah
Valley and Stuart on the east of the Blue Ridge near Ashby's Gap and Aldie,
while Hill's corps had just reached Culpepper Court House.

General Hooker's corps were scattered between Occoquan River and Hern-
don Station just south of Dranesville. The ist was moving on the Alexandria
and lycesburgh pike. The second corps was crossing the Occoquan at Wolf
Run Shoals, the 3rd and 5th were at Manassas Junction, the 6th and 12th at
Fairfax Court House and the nth at Centerville.

On the morning of the 25th day of June, the 2nd Vermont Brigade broke
camp and started on what was one of the most exciting and unprecedented
marches (as to distance covered in a given time) during the war. The Con-
federate forces on this date were far ahead, having crossed the Potomac, that
is, General Ewell's corps and Jenkins's cavalry, as early as the 15th and had
already visited many places in Maryland and Pennsylvania collecting supplies
and pushing on as rapidly as possible towards Harrisburgh, were in fact in com-
plete control of Harper's Ferry, the Upper Potomac and Maryland (on the west
of South Mountains) and the Cumberland Valley in Pennsylvania extending
east as far as Greenwood a few miles northwest of Gettysburg. Ewell's corps
on the morning we broke camp at Occoquan, was north of Chambersburgh mov-
ing rapidly up the Cumberland Valley towards Carlisle and Harrisburgh.
Longstreet's corps in Maryland at and north of Hagerstown, and Hill with hi?
corps was at and north of Boonsboro, Maryland.

General Lee's whole army was on this date north of the Potomac except
General Stuart with his cavalry who was on a raid passing around Hooker's
army between Washington and Edwards Ferry on his way to join Ewell at
Harrisburgh. The army of the Potomac at this date, June 25th, had not yet
crossed into Maryland and were occupying the southwest valley of the Potomac
between our camp on the banks of the Occoquan River and Leesburgh near
Edwards Ferry moving in all haste to cross the Potomac into Maryland and
Pennsylvania to intercept General Lee and force a battle before he could cross
the Susquehanna and occupy Harrisburgh.

The 1st corps, commanded by General John F. Reynolds, to which the
2nd Vermont Brigade had been assigned and ordered to join as soon as possible
after Hooker's army had passed, was on the day we left Camp Occoquan, June
25th, crossing the Potomac at Edwards Ferry fifty miles in advance, two full
days' march ahead of us.

General Reynolds who was regarded as one of the best in the army of the
Potomac was in command of the ranking corps, the ist, and was taking the
lead and was to command and take control of all manoeuvres and engagements
of battle as occasion demanded until General Hooker should arrive and therefore
he was alert and vigilent to intercept, as soon as possible. General Lee and
bring on an engagement (a battle) with General Lee's army to check its on-
ward movement knowing that as soon as an attack was made, Lee would be

GEORGE S. LAWRENCE, CO. C,
1862.

GEORGE S. LAWRENCE, CO. C,
1889.

CHARLES C. COLIiURN, CO. C,
1862.

HENRY WAKEFIELD, CO. C,
1862.

Oil tiic March to Gettysburg. 187

compelled to stop and fight or retreat back into Virginia. Hence, it will be
seen that the 2nd Vermont Brigade and especially the 13th Regiment was called
upon to execute and fulfil a most extraordinary and unprecedented order,
namely, "wait on the picket line at Occoquan until General Hooker's army has
passed, cavalry, artillery, wagon and pontoon trains and then break camp and
join the First army corps under General Reynolds" who was in the lead of the
army making all haste to thwart Lee's ambitious plans and if possible encom-
pass and vanquish his army before it could recross the Potomac.

None of the 2nd ^'ermont Brigade (even the officers) realized the great
task before them, nor did we stop to consider or inquire but in the early morn-
ing of that never-to-be-forgotten June day, enthusiastic and light hearted, as
any soldier could be on receiving orders (attention, route step, march) as one
man with steady step moved down and determined to do their very best, think-
ing only of duty in the then impending danger.

Our regiment was conversant with all that had been published as to the
pending campaign, and also of what had been thus far accomplished on both
sides, the battles fought and the success and failure of Generals in command
and intelligently recognized and comprehended that the supreme effort of the
nation was now in the balance and depending on the outcome of this campaign,
which as it then looked, must end in a great battle north of the Potomac.

General Lee had crossed the Potomac into ATaryland and Pennsylvania and
thereby challenged battle, and the army of the Potomac was now in his rear
following as rapidly as possible for the sole purpose of accepting his offer of
challenge and engaging him in a mighty struggle for a signal victory. General
Lee's success at Fredericksburgh and Chancellorsville encouraged him in the
belief that it was an opportune time for the Confederate cause before any
changes made in commanders of the army of the Potomac. To cut loose from
the environments of Richmond, and move at once on to Washington knowing
full well, as matters then stood, the fate of the Confederacy depended on the
outcome of his deeply laid, thoroughly prepared, bold and desperate plans.
Succeed he must. The whole plan of campaign had been laid before Jeff Davis,
the President of the Confederate States, and fully considered, and both realizing
that if a great victory could now be won there would be hope of recognition
of the Confederate Government and final success, and, with this in view, he had
prepared his army, selecting those only who had fought and won on many
bloody battlefields, placing them under his most able and valiant commanders,
having inspired all with the confidence of sure success and promise of immediate
and final establishment of the government they had long hoped for and valiantly
fought to secure, and under such auspicious circumstances and surroundings,
he left General Hooker with his mighty army on the north banks of the
Rappahannock, with Richmond almost defenseless, and, thus prepared, boldly
moved northward with his great army of 75,000 strong (the flower of the Con-
fedreate army), the largest, best, and most thoroughly equipped in every respect
of any that I<ee had led on to battle since the firing of the first hostile gun at
the stars and stripes that waved over Fort Sumter on that dismal early morning
of that eventful day, April 12th, 1861, sincerely believing in his ability to take

UKNJAMIN n. IlENJAMIX, CO. C,
7862.

BENJAMIN ]!. nENJ.'vMTN, CO. C,
1882.

1

^ Ml

fcjC

^^_. jj ^^B *""' "*^ ^^^^9

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^^^^^^Hut^^^H^fZ^H^^^Btei^^^^H^I

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Hi

CURTIS C. COLBURX. CO. C,
1864.

CURTIS C. COLBURX, CO. C,

1906.

On the Marcli to Gettysburg. 189

care of his army and win every battle, devoutly hoping that the long cherished
desire of his heart would be the result.

General Hooker, after his disastrous defeat at Chancellorsville and retreat
across the Rappahannock, from May 5th, quietly waited for General Lee to
advance and attack him manifesting no intentions of moving against Richmond,
though he largely outnumbered Lee, nearly two to one, convincing General Lee,
that he, Lee, could safely leave Richmond calculating that as soon as he was
well on his way down the Shenandoah A-^alley, the Government at Washington
would become alarmed and the army of the Potomac would be ordered forward
to protect the city of Washington and engage him in battle. And such was the
situation when we started on our memorable march of seven da)-s, covering a
distance of at least 20 miles, putting to the test physical endurance to over-
take and join the First corps before the clash of arms that we knew was sure to
occur very soon. The most of our regiment had prepared for a long march
and discarded everything that we could get along without, experience having
taught us that guns, forty rounds of cartridges, haversacks stuffed with rations,
with canteen and shelter tent, rubber blanket, an extra shirt and pair of socks,
letter paper, testaments that had been given us before we left home, needles,
thread, etc., etc., tucked away in our knapsacks would be quite enough to carry.

Some of the homesick and anxious hoped that our destination when we
started on the march would be Washington, and therefore they packed their
knapsacks, full, loaded themselves down with overcoats, woolen blankets, etc.,
that they might carry them home, not because of value but as mementoes and
souvenirs of the service ; but before we reached Union Mills on the first day's
march now and then, one sweating and puffing beneath the noon day sun, threw
away his overcoat and woolen blankets and when we left Lhiion Mills, taking
the direct and nearest road to Centerville, leaving Fairfax Court House far
to our right and the pike that led to Alexandria and Washington, the line of
march was strewn all along the way to Edwards Ferry with overcoats and
blouse coats, blankets, extra pairs of shoes, cooking utensils, in fact nearly
everything that could be spared was left behind. ( We were not allowed to
throw away knapsacks, haversacks, canteens and cups, guns, cartridge boxes,
straps and ammunition, fly tents and rubber blankets, for these were absolutely
essential and necessary on the march). The unnecessary articles were strewn
along the travelled way of the 2nd Vermont Brigade on the first two days of
their march.

Referring back to our last camp on the Occoquan, it will be remembered
that we took the road leading to Fairfax Station and after a few miles took a
road running nearly parallel with the Occoquan River leading direct to Union
Mills, where we had been ordered to concentrate and from there moved on as a
brigade under General Stannard's Command.

General Stannard was anxious to comply with General Reynold's request
and join the First corps as soon as possible, which was already in Maryland.
We arrived at Union Mills about two o'clock in the afternoon where we found
the i2th, 14th, 15th and i6th regiments awaiting for our arrival. We halted
for about an hour for a little rest and to complete a few preliminaries before
taking up the line of march as a brigade.

GARDNER P. ROWELL, CO. C,
1862.

GARDNER P. ROWELL, CO. C,
1895-

HORACE P. D.\REING, CO. C,
1862.

HORACE P. DARLING, CO. C,
1897.

On the March to Gettysburg. 191

The army of the Potomac was far ahead of us except here and there
laggards who for some cause fell out, or squads of cavalry on the watch for
information that might be of advantage.

On leaving ITnion Mills, we travelled for about two miles almost due north
and then bore off to the left in a direct line to Centerville, leaving Fairfax Court
House far to our right, crossed the Alexandria and Warrenton turnpike at
Centerville just before sundown taking the road that led to Chantilly and wester-
ly to Gum Springs, and there finding a suitable place for camp grounds, a mile
or so beyond, went into camp for the night having travelled (the 13th Regiment)
full 25 miles and nearly all the way from Union Mills in the rain and mud, and
some of us were thoroughly tired and willing to lie down for rest and sleep,
though wet, hungry, and tired.

The first thing, after halting for the night, was to post guards around the
camp to guard against surprise. Each regiment was given ground to occupy,
and then parceled out to each company, the fly tents were spread just above our
heads to keep off the rain then falling fast. All this was quickly done, (it was
for the night only), and the next quite important dutv was to examine the
contents of haversacks and decide what we would have for supper, (if we could
m_ake a fire, and some did,) we had coffee, otherwise we must get a canteen of
water which was always handy by because camps were selected with a view of
being near plenty of good water.

Our haversacks even at the close of the first day's march, were not part-
icularly inviting. We were not long in deciding what we would have for we
must decide between boiled pork and hard tack, or hard tack and boiled pork.
A few had baked beans and boiled rice during the first day's march. An empty
stomach and a craving appetite never permitted much delay or care as to the
food we ate, if wholesome. We threw nothing away and ate sparingly of what
we had, for we knew not when nor where we should find more ; our wagon
trains were not able to keep up with us and they carried the extra food.

As soon as the supper was over the whole regiment involuntarily laid down
on the wet ground in pairs (so rubber blankets could be had to lie on and one to
cover over to keep us dry.) That first day was a hard march for the 13th
regiment, having had some ten miles longer march than the rest of the brigade.
When we awoke in the morning none were happy. It had poured down rain
all night and nearly all were wet through to the skin, and some of the boys
appeared and talked as if they felt ugly, but it mattered not, breakfast must be
prepared in haste for we were to be on the march at six o'clock, and at the
bugle call we were all ready to fall in. We were a little slow in moving on the
morning of the 26th for the rain during the night made the condition of the
roads bad and that caused delay. We directed our course this day toward
Edwards Ferry where the army had crossed and were crossing the Potomac
on pontoon bridges and reached Herndon Station on the pike from Alexandria
to Leesburgh and here camped for the night.

We passed Aldie on our left late in the afternoon where General J. E. B.
Stuart and General Pleasanton had a sharp cavalry fight only a few days before
and we were moving cautiously along our line of march, and therefore had not

WILLIAM BLAIR, CO. C,
1862.

WILLARD M. AUSTIN, CO. C,
1879-

MARTIN L. CHANDLER, CO. C,
1862.

MARTIN L. CHANDLER, CO. C,
1900.

On the March to Gettysburg. 193

covered as many miles on the march as we otherwise would have done if we
had not expected Stuart's cavalry to attack our flank or rear.

It was reported that Stuart was on our right making trouble among our
wagon trains, creating considerable excitement for fear that he might make a
dash into our rear at any moment, in fact, some of Stuart's cavalr}' came near
enough to satisfy him that we were in sufficient force so that it would not be
prudent to attack.

On the morning of the 27th, we started on the march at daylight and
reached Edwards Ferry and crossed into Maryland and as soon as a suitable
place could be found, went into camp for the night. Here we found many
troops, the 6th corps had crossed just ahead of us and were in camp nearby.
We saw some of the old or ist \'t. Brigade, especially the Colonel of the 6th
Vt. (Elisha Barney) who came to see Captain Blake and others of Co. K who
he was well acquainted with. None of the 13th Vt. at the close of this hard
day's march had any desire to do any unnecessary marching. We had now
reached Maryland where the inhabitants were generally loyal and appeared
more prosperous. Their fields were cultivated and everything indicated thrift
and prosperity.

The south side of the Potomac was Virginia and had been the battle and
camping ground for both armies during the last two years and occupied by
one or both all the time, so it was no wonder that fields were neglected and
that cows, horses, sheep, hogs and hens were not to be found only here and
there hidden away where they would not likely be seen or heard. On the
Virginia side we were not able to buy or beg a canteen of milk or a loaf of soft
bread, pie, hoe cake or anything that could satisfy our hunger. We were glad
to cross over, as some said, into the promised land, where apparently the in-
habitants were more civilized and thrifty, and where there was a fair prospect
of procuring food, for we were anxious for a change having been for some
days confined to boiled pork, salt beef, hard tack and a little coffee. We
found a mile or more after crossing Edwards Ferry, a convenient and suitable
place for camping and were glad to lie down for rest. Some of our regiment
had already fallen behind not being able to endure the heat, rain and march-
ing. We had now marched sixty miles in three days. We had thrown away
many things and were now under what we called light marching orders, carry-
ing nothing only what was strictly necessary. The doubting ones were now
convinced that we were not on our way to Washington to do guard duty for
a few days and then go home to Vermont. The country all about us was full
of marching troops, infantry, cavalry, artillery, baggage and ambulance trains,
and General Lee with his whole army also on the same side of the Potomac,
but north and west of us pushing up the Cumberland \'alley as rapidly as
possible towards Harrisburgh, Penn. The next day, the 28th of June, was
Sunday, but that did not matter for if not a sin to shoot and kill our fellowmen
on Sunday, it could not be a sin to march and overtake if possible the enemy
and protect our friends from danger and their property from devastation and
capture. Before we start on this day's march let us see where the Rebel forces
are and where each army is located, what has been done and what the chances
are for battle. First, let us see what has become of General Lee's army since

JEROME E. BALLOU, CO. C^
1865.

DON B. CIEI-EY., CO. C,
1903.

WILLIS P. STiiWART, CO. C,
1862.

JOEL E. ROBINSON, CO. C,
1862.

Oil the March to Gettysburg. ' 195

he crossed into Maryland. General Ewell's corps on the 28th of June was in
the Cumberland A'alley near Carlisle, some twenty or thirty miles directly north
of Gettysburg, and Early of Ewell's corps was at York and Wrightsville on
the Susquehanna below Harrisburgh, some twenty-five miles east of Gettys-
burg. Generals Longstreet and Hill with their corps were in the vicinity of
Chambersburgh and Greenwood about twenty miles northwest from Gettysburg
and Imboden with his cavalry at ;\IcConnellsburgh and Jinkins and White with
cavalry on the west bank of the Susquehanna near Harrisburgh and General
Stuart with a cavalry force at Brockville a few miles northwest of Washington
moving in all haste north to join Ewell at JIarrisburgh. The several corps or
our army were between the Potomac and Fredericks City and Middletown.
Maryland, the foremost some forty miles south of Gettysburg. The ist, iilh,
and I2th corps were at ATiddletown moving up the valley between the Catoctin
and South Mountains and the 2nd, 3rd, 5th and 6th corps were near
Fredericks City moving northeast between Catoctin mountains and the
Monocacy River and Kilpatrick, with cavalry in the lead some forty miles
south of Gettysburg. Both armies being thus situated it will be seen that
Gettysburg was near the center between these two great armies with a fair
prospect of meeting within a zone of twenty or thirty miles with Gettysburg
as the center, unless one army or the other retreated. General Ewell with his
corps had been north of the Potomac since the 15th and Jinkin's cavalry brigade
was sent forward up the Cumberland Valley by the way of Chambersburgh to
collect supplies. He also levied large contributions from the inhabitants which
was paid as an alternative rather than suffer loss by fire. General Ewell, it
was claimed, met with great success, levying money and supplies on this
invasion into Maryland and Pennsylvania. There was nothing to oppose or
prevent Ewell having his own way in the \'alley clear up to Harrisburgh and
he could and did help himself. He captured on his journey, after passing the
Potomac, thousands of prisoners, cannon, and small arms, eleven colors and
three hundred loaded wagons, as many horses, a considerable quantity of
stores of all descriptions, with little loss in killed, wounded and missing.
Ewell's corps had lived on the fat of the land for two weeks and collected
sufficient for Longstreet and Hill's corps when they should arrive. This was
a bold and desperate move on the part of General Lee, leaving Richmond to
the mercy of General Hooker's powerful and magnificent army without provid-
ing for any base of supply and marching his veteran army one hundred and fifty
miles into a densely populated country,' thinking perhaps the fortunes of war
might favor him as it did Napoleon in his early campaigns. A time had
arrived, as General Lee evidently thought, for unusual and unlocked for action
and that now a desperate, strategic move, so bold and daring that his purpose
could not be understood, must be adopted. ITe had lured General Hooker
across the Rappahannock and severely punished his army leaving Llooker dis-
appointed and his army discouraged, while Lee's army had been victorious
under circumstances that warranted implicit confidence in their leader and
their own prowess and fighting skill to overcome double their number on any
field.

PIENRY H. MARTIN, CO. C,
1861.

HENRY H. MARTIN, CO. C,
IQO7.

LUCIUS D. NUTE, CO. C,
1868.

EUCIUS D. NUTE, CO. C,
1903.

On the March to Gettysburg. 197

The condition and situation was opportune, no better time or opportunity
was likely to present itself to General Lee than the present. He, General Lee, must
have believed it the only chance for the success of the Confederate cause, or
otherwise so great a man and general would not have planned and attempted the
execution of what is known as the Gettysburg Campaign. The 2nd Vermont
Brigade on this 28th day of June was marching north just east of the Potomac,
on their way to the Monocacy River and Valley, passing through Poolsville in
the early morning, and then Bellsville, Brownsville, and crossing the Monocacy
at Greenfield Mills. At this place it will be remembered that Captain Lonergan
of Company A fell into the turbulent and now muddy waters of the Monocacy,
but with no serious result, simply a needed bath and nothing more. This
incident Captain Lonergan was never allowed to forget, and among the rem-
iniscences that Captain Lonergan often referred to at our camp fires since the
war, was his plunge into the Monocacy, and nothing did he seem to enjoy more
than when he was, with wit and eloquence, delighting and convulsing with
laughter his comrades with vivid descriptions of his tumble into the muddy
waters of the Monocacy. He remarked at the time, on reaching shore "Too
much liquid on the outside, and not enough on the inside, or it would not have
happened." He was mounted at this time on a horse he had procured on the
march. Other line officers, who could, had done the same and these horses
served to give many a tired soldier a ride and rest for a few miles on our way
to Gettysburg.

We stopped for dinner soon after crossing the Monocacy and discovered at
this time that our haversacks were growing light and rations short, pork and beans
and boiled rice had disappeared before we left Virginia, having nothing left
in our haversacks but boiled pork, hard tack, coffee and sugar and but little of
that and were apprehensive as to when and where we should get more. We
had long since left our wagon train far to the rear and the daily marches from
sunrise to sundown had developed a growing appetite for food and plenty of it.
We were now the fourth day from our camp on the banks of the Occoquan,
and all had voracious hankering for food and were not over particular about
the quality or age. You must remember we found some of our cracker boxes
dated i860 and these boxes contained what we called our marching hard tack,
which like the Sutler's cheese sometimes crawled, but on this march, likely none
would have objected to hard tack sandwiches with worms dead or alive.

Our noonday halt of an hour was over, we were now refreshed and pushing
on as fast as possible for Frederick City, Maryland, where General Hooker had
established his headquarters. We reached Adamstown late in the afternoon
and every girl young and old was out to greet and cheer and in every way to
express loyalty to the Stars and Stripes and sympathy for those who wore the
blue. Beautiful young ladies with flags in hand lined the streets, some with
their hearts in their hands, and as a good looking Green Mountain boy came
along lovingly extended their hands and said, "Be brave, God bless and protect
you. Good-bye."

We had seen nothing like this since we left Springfield, Mass., on our way
to Washington. Some of the boys were given bouquets and pressing invita-
tions to return after the war was over. Love at first sight had captured not

FRANCIS F. TAYLOR, CO. C,
1862.

SARGKNT R. EMERSON, CO. C,
1897.

CH.\RLES H. CARSON, CO. C,
1862.

WIELARD C. SNOW, CO. C,
1862.

On the March to Gettysburg. 199

a few, Private Henry E. Meigs, of Company K, was among the number that
often spoke of the lovely girls of Adamstown and hoped we might return that
way. This quite enthusiastic and loyal greeting cheered our hearts and rested
our weary legs and gave us new courage for the rest of the march. We passed
through Adamstown and bivouacked for the night about two miles beyond,
having marched twenty miles or more during the day. The weather had
become hot and sultry, rain and sunshine nearly every day, the roads were
muddy and full of small sharp pebble stones and many of the boys had become
footsore with blistered feet and were well nigh exhausted, but only a few of
our brigade had thus far fallen out.

News of devastation and fighting to the north of us ran through camp
and there was occasion for similar rumors from what we had heard from Lee's
army up in the Cumberland \'alley. It was said that there were Confederate
troops to the west, north, and east of us and not far away, and no one was
able to guess when and where we should meet them.

General J. E. B. Stuart, we knew, was somewhere between us and Wash-
ington on his way north ( and only a few miles directly east on the road to West-
minster. On the morning of the 29th after a good night's rest, we took up the
line of march at seven o'clock and about twelve o'clock were passing through
Frederick City, Maryland, quite a pretentious and thriving city, but inland and
a nearby railroad station some two or three miles from the city.

The clouds seemed to open and the rain fell fast as we reached the city.
Orders had been passed down the line not to leave the ranks or molest or in
any manner disturb or annoy the inhabitants, that the officers of the line would
be held accountable for the conduct of their companies. We were in a
loyal state and the majority of the dwellers of this city were supposed to be
in sympathy with the Union, as it was claimed. Both armies hitherto had
passed through Frederick City and because sympathizers of the gray as well as
the blue resided therein, were inclined to be discreet and quiet, but still along the
line of march on both sides of the street from open doors and windows we saw
fluttering in the breeze the Stars and Stripes and many a fair hand waved her
white handkerchief as a token of friendship and expression of loyalty : and
whenever we saw these evidences of welcome and encouragement hearty cheers
from our ranks rang out along the line making answer to the welcome and
expressing our appreciation to the brave and loyal hearts that dai'ed to show
their colors under the existing circumstances. We had heard of the open
sympathy given to Stonewall Jackson when he passed through along the same
streets in September before, and now proposed, as best we could, to encourage
every exhibition of loyalty that attracted our attention.

Old Frederick City was the home of Barbara Frietchie made famous by
Whittier's poem.

M.j^

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CHARLES A. DAVTS. CO. C,
1862.

CHARLES A. DAVIS, CO. C,
18-0.

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ERAXKLIN J- TAYLOR, CO. C,
1863.

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FRANKLIN J. T.WLOR, CO. C,

1906.

On the March to Gettysburg.

201

BARBARA FRIETCHIE.

Up from the meadows rich with corn,
Clear in the cool September morn,
The clustered spires of Frederick

stand
Green-walled by the hills of Maryland.

Round about them orchards sweep,
Apple and peach tree fruited deep,
Fair as a garden of the Lord
To the eyes of the famished rebel
horde,

On that pleasant morn of the early

fall
When Lee Marched over the mountain

wall, —
Over the mountains, winding down
Horse and foot into Frederick town'.

Forty flags with their silver stars,
Forty flags with their crimson bars.
Flapped In the morning wind; the sun
Of noon looked down, and saw not
one.

Up rose old Barbara Frietchie then.
Bowed with her fourscore years and

ten;
Bravest of all in Frederick town.
She took up the flag the men hauled

down;

In her attic window the staff she set,
To show that one heart was loyal yet.
Up the street came the rebel tread,
Stonewall Jackson riding ahead.

Under his slouch hat left and right
He glanced: the old flag met his sight.
"Halt!" — the dust-brown ranks stood

fast;
"Fire!" — out blazed the rifle-blast.

Quick as it fell from the broken staff
Dame Barbara snatched the silken
scarf;

She leaned far out on the window sill.
And shook it forth with a royal will.
"Shoot, it you must, this old gray

head,
But spare your country's flag," she

said.

A shade of sadness, a blush of shame,
Over the face of the leader came;
The nobler nature within him stirred
To life at that woman's deed and
word:

"Who touches a hair of yon gray head
Dies like a dog! March on!" he said.
All day long through Frederick street
Sounded the tread of marching feet;

All day long that free flag tost
Over the heads of the rebel host.
Ever its torn folds rose and fell
On the loyal winds that loved it well;

And through the hill-gaps sunset light
Shone over it with a warm good-night.
Barbara Frietchie's work is o'er.
And the rebel rides on his raids no
more.

Honor to her! and let a tear
Fall, for her sake, on Stonewall's bier
Over Barbara Frietchie's grave.
Flag of freedom and union, wave!

Peace and order and beauty draw
Round thy symbol of light and law;
And ever the stars above look down
On thy stars below in Frederick town!

It shivered the window, pane and

sash;
It rent the banner with seam and

gash.

.Tohn (ireenleaf Whittier.

LUCIUS H. BARRETT, CO. C,
1862.

LUCIUS H. BARRETT, CO. C,
1896.

JOHN S. TRMPLETON, CO. C,
1862.

JOHN S. TKMPLETON, CO. C,
1904.

On the March to Gettysburg. 203

This poem is based on sufficient facts to have warranted Whittier in the
historical reference made and expressions used. There was such a person as
Barbara Frietchie and her home was in Frederick City, IMd., and she was living-
there when Stonewall Jackson led his rebel hosts through the streets of
Frederick City. September 6th, 1862, and she, llarbara P'reitchie, owned, and
had in her possession on that date a United States flag, that she was old and
gray, being at the time almost 96 }'ears of age, that she was devoted and fear-
less and earnest in her country's welfare, was well knov/n in Frederick City up
to the date of her death which occiu-red December i8th, 1862, in which city
she died and was buried. She ever fearlessly expressed her views and sym-
pathy for the Union and doubtless waved the Stars and Stripes from her
home as General Jackson and his army passed by. Only a few days later,
September 12th, 1862, she stood on the porch of her home and waved her flag
of Stars and Stripes as General Burnside's troops passed through Frederick
City and this fact is authenticated by numerous witnesses. Barbara Freitchie
was a true, noble, concientious woman and sorrowfully spoke against the
wicked folly of the Rebellion. She was of that mould and education that would
have prompted her to do just what is represented she did do when Jackson was
marching through her home city. She was born in Colonial days, a school girl
at the time of the Declaration of Independence and a young lady when Wash-
ington was elected President. She lived in Frederick town when Washington
spent a night there in 1791 and the cup from which he drank and the flag she
waved as the armed hosts passed through her home city in 1862 are still among
the heirlooms religiously cherished by the Freitchie descendants. Her old man-
sion home was pointed out and we devoutly cheered and uncovered our heads
as we passed. There was cheer upon cheer from the passing battalions express-
ing their love and respect for her who had lived and died a true patriot and
devoted Christian, loyally supporting her country's cause with her latest breath.

While we were marching through Frederick City, rumor of a change of
commanders of the army of the Potomac reached us and was at once the sole
topic of discussion and there was a great diversity of opinion concerning the
propriety and advisability of a change. It was said that General Mead was to
succeed General Hooker. General Mead was only known as one of the able
and successful corps commanders in the army of the Potomac. General Hooker
had not been a success thus far and but little confidence existed as to his ability
to properly handle and fight a large army. The Administration, especially
President Lincoln, was now more anxious than ever before. Another defeat
like Chancellorsville must be avoided, and therefore heroic measures, though
in the midst of a campaign and in face of the enemy, must be adopted if by so
doing more certain of success. It was the almost unanimous expression,
(though a critical moment) that the change was wise and best. General Hooker
was a hard and desperate fighter and had won deserved praise on many battle-
fields as a commander, but had not fulfilled the expectations of his associate
officers or the Administration at Washington as a commander of the great army
of the Potomac, and some of his most able corps commanders had refused to
serve under him after the Chancellorsville defeat.

M. L. FRUST, CO. C,
1862.

CLARK D. CRESSY, CO. C,
1862.

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CR15SM0N HANCOCK, CO. C,
1862.

CRESMON HANCOCK, CO. C,
1880.

On the March to Gettysburg. 205

General Couch, commander of the Second corps, because of General
Hooker's conduct in management of the Chancellorsville campaign, especiahy
from the ist to the 5th of May, peremptorily refused to serve longer under
him, and this same feeling was shared by others of the corps commanders, and
therefore when the news reached the army at Frederick City on the 29th of
June that General Mead had succeeded General Hooker and was then in com-
mand, a general feeling prevailed that it was a wise and important change.
General Mead had been known as a cool, careful, and conservative leader,
though ever brave and active, never refusing or hesitating to lead and fight his
corps when asked, and his associate corps commanders recognized him as equal
at least of any who had been connected with the army of the Potomac and
heartily and enthusiastically endorsed the change, believing the whole armv
would be better satisfied and encouraged to contest to the uttermost the enemy
in the then approaching battle.

General Hooker was a little sullen and disappointed though he had already
sometime before tendered his resignation. He, Hooker, realized better than
ever before the great responsibility of the command of the great and
mighty army of the Potomac and doubtless his experience at Chancellors-
ville made him apprehensive as to the result. The whole responsibility
of success rested with the commander. Ever34hing about us on this
29th day of June indicated great activity and that changes were being
made in the plan of campaign and that a new commander was at headquarters
vigorously directing every move and change, manoeuvering the army to the end
of making every possible preparation for the coming struggle. The 2nd Ver-
mont Brigade had passed through Frederick City and was now forging ahead
to overtake and join the First corps to which they belonged, now at and near
Emmetsburgh, Maryland, thirty miles or more north.

We had now been on the march since the early morning of June 25th,
and many were foot sore with blistering and bleeding feet. The water, mud
and gravel found way over the tops of our low army shoes and through holes
in sides and bottoms and this with scalding heat caused tenderness and blister-
ing and pain, and some limped and hobbled along though apparently determined
to remain in the ranks to the end. We did not halt for dinner until three or
four miles beyond Frederick City, and it was an hour or more past the usual
mid-day lunch.

We were obliged to leave a few of our brigade behind that had been over-
come with heat and hard marching. We met just outside of the city General
Hooker and other officers traveling south towards Monocacy Junction and it
was said he had just turned over the command to General Mead and that he
was on his way to take the cars for Baltimore. He looked downcast and sad
and his whole appearance and surroundings and his attendants confirmed the
rumor that he had been relieved from the command while on the march and in
the face of an invading foe with every prospect of immediate battle, and when
he too was more than anxious to again cross swords with General Lee to
thwart his purposes, vanquish his hitherto victorious arm^' and possibly end
the war and restore confidence in the army of the Potomac and at Washington

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HOSEA B. ORMSBEE, CO. C,

1862. 1890.

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1862. ALBERT C. TEMPLETON, CO. C,

On the March to Gettysburg. 207

and show to the world that he was greater than Lee. The results of this
campaign meant everything to the Confederate cause and much to the Llnion.

We in the ranks knew but little that led to the sudden change and cared
less if it increased the chances of success and signal victory.

General Hooker went to Baltimore and General Mead to Gettysburg. All
this day we marched through mud and water, rain and sun alternately pouring
and shining down upon us, but undaunted on we moved hoping to join our
corps still miles ahead between Emmet,sburg and Gettysburg.

General Stannard comprehended the urgency of haste and put us to the
test of human endurance. In order that nothing should impede his progress
he issued an order that none should leave the ranks, while on the march, to
procure water. This order under the circumstances seemed cruel, because oi
the weather 90 degrees in the shade and marching from dawn to sunset at our
utmost speed stopping only at mid-day for rest and to eat a sandwich of hard
tack and boiled pork. We camped for the night, June 29th, about twelve miles
north of Frederick City and three or four miles south of Lewiston in a little
valley on the west bank of the Monocacy.

We had patiently waited for orders to stop for the night for nearly all
were exhausted and hungry. Boiled pork and hard tack pretty much gone,
no wagon train to supply us and to buy, beg or make personal requisition was
the only alternative. Food and water on such a march are indispensable.
Many of us had greenbacks and could buy. The price was high, but the food
was the very best. The great loaves of wheat bread and large fat cherry pies
hot and steaming from the outdoor oven we deemed cheap at any price and
quickly exchanged our greenbacks for bread, pies and milk bantering not a
word as to price. I paid one dollar a loaf for bread and fifty cents a piece for
cherry pies. We were hungry and cared not for money. Some of the boys
would say, "No use to save our money, may be killed to-morrow." The grim
philosophy of the soldier was (uppermost in mind), namely, "Let us eat and
be happy to-day for to-morrow we may be killed in battle." We freely parted
with our greenbacks and script and the thrifty Marylanders as freely parted
with their pies, cakes and bread, butter, cheese and milk and their pockets we
filled with money and our stomachs with the food we bought and both were
satisfied. I did not learn of any pilfering by any of the boys of our brigade
while passing through Maryland all seemed to conduct themselves in an upright
and honorable manner, realizing the fact that they were in a loyal state and
where a large percentage of the people were loyal, steadfastly upholding the
cause of the Union.

On the morning of the 30th of June, we were awakened early by the bugle
call and at six o'clock were on the march. The weather was .still cloudy and
the rain had fallen during the night and the roads were almost impassible even
for infantry. It did seem there was more rain than we required for the business
at hand, and yet had it not been for the cloudy days and copious showers many
more would have fallen out.

We reached Lewiston about eight in the morning hungry for our morning-
meal was thin and little of it, and halted for a brief rest. The enterprising-
residents of this village were prepared for our coming and numerous hucksters

AMOS A. WHITING, CO. C,
1862.

AMOS A. WHITIXG, CO. C,

1906.

WII.LIAM W. WILLSY, CO. C,
1862.

GEORGE C. BAII.FA', CO. C,
1878.

On the March to Gettysburg. 209

appeared along our line of march hawking their tempting pies, cakes, etc.,
urging us to buy (which was unnecessary.) We soon had their delicious food
stored away in our stomachs and haversacks, and they of course had our money.
Some of the boys that had been improvident and careless were fast" becoming
short of cash, but others shared with their comrades as long as the money and
food held out.

The 30th of June was, as I now recall it, the hottest day's march thus far
on our journey. The weather and roads had been much the same since we
crossed into Maryland. We were, as it seemed to us, marching faster and
faster each day; the regiment in the rear often had to double quick in order
to keep up. The roads were now full of cavalry, artillery, infantry, ammuni-
tion wagons, ambulances and frequently bunched and parked in such a manner
as to impede our onward march, making our officers mad and progress slow
and disagreeable.

We of the 13th on this day were in the rear of our brigade, and the i6th
in the lead, and it seemed to us that the i6th were marching faster than usual,
keeping us now and then on the double quick in order to keep closed up.
General Stannard evidently was determined to join the First corps to which
he had been assigned before a battle commenced. He sent his aid, Lieutenant
Benedict, forward to find General Reynolds and notify him of our position
and approach and ask for orders. We reached Mechanicstown late in the
afternoon and bivouacked for the night just south of Emmitsburg a few miles
south of Pennsylvania state line.

Permit me before starting on another day's march to consider briefly
where the two great armies were at the close of this last day of June, where
bound, and where a battle was likely to occur and when. General John F.
Reynolds commanding the First corps was near Black Horse Tavern, Marsh
Run, about five miles south of Gettysburg with all his command except Stan-
nard's Second Vermont Brigade which was at Mechanicstown pushing on as
fast as blistering and bleeding feet and weary bodies would permit.

General Winfield S. Hancock in command of the Second corps was at Union-
town, just west of Westminster, south of Gettysburg about thirty miles. General
Daniel E. Sickles in command of the 3rd corps was just north of Taneytown, Md.,
and about sixteen miles due south from Gettysburg and some three or four miles
south of the Pennsylvania State line approaching Emmitsburg and Gettysburg
over the Taneytown Road. General George Sykes in command of the Fifth
army corps was at Union Mills, Maryland, just west of Manchester about
thirty-five miles south of Gettysburg and a few miles east of Pike Creek.
General John Sedgwick in command of the Sixth army corps was at Winches-
ter, south and east of Gettysburg, about thirty-five miles. General O. O.
Howard commanding the Eleventh corps was in the vicinity of Emmitsburg,
perhaps twelve or fifteen miles south of Gettysburg. General Henry W.
Slocum commanding the Twelfth army corps was at and near Littlestown,
Penn., southeast of Gettysburg about fifteen miles away, four or five miles
southwest from Hanover. General Alfred Pleasanton in command of the

FRANCIS F. STODDARD, CO. C,
1862.

FRANCIS F. STODDARD, CO. C.
1905.

PI^UMMFR H. RICHARDSON, CO. C,
1862.

PLUMMER H. RICHARDSON, CO. C,
1907.

On the March to Gettysburg. 211

cavalry corps had his several divisions at different places, the first division under
General John Buford was at Gettysburg along Wiloughby's Run, west and
southwest of Gettysburg Village. General Kilpatrick was at Hanover. General
Gregg at Manchester. General Henry J. Hunt in command of the artillery was
moving the artillery along with the several army corps and hence it will be seen
that on the evening of June 30th the army of the Potomac was located as here
stated, which is approximately correct in the following order, the better to be
concentrated at Gettysburg, namely, the First army corps at Marsh Run, the
Eleventh at Emmitsburg, the Third at Bridgeport, the twelfth at Littlestown,
Second at Uniontown, the Fifth at Union Mills, Md., Sixth at Manchester,
cavalry in divisions at Gettysburg, Hanover, Manchester, and some regiments
and battalions at different places as the exigency demanded, with General Mead's
headquarters at Taneytown, Maryland, twelve or fifteen miles directly south
of Gettysburg encircled as it will be observed by his eight army corps and
artillery and all within ten miles of his then headquarters, and on both sides
of Pike Creek, which had been considered by General Mead as a suitable spot
to engage General Lee in battle. The Confederate army on the evening of
June 30th was situated as follows : General Richard S. Ewell in command of
the Second Corps south of Hiddlesburg at Cashtown and Greenwood some
eight miles west of Gettysburg. General Ambrose P. Hill commanding the Third
corps about six miles northeast of Gettysburg. General Longstreet commanding
the First corps at Chambersburgh west and distant some twenty-five miles from
Gettysburg, General Stuart in command of the cavalry was with a part of the
cavalry at Hanover and the rest was with Longstreet, Ewell and Hill's corps, and
the artillery attached to the several army corps under command of General E.
Porter Alexander. The distances here given are direct lines and not the roads
that were traveled to reach Gettysburg.

The location of the two great armies and their proximity to each other
on the evening of June 30th foreshadowed beyond question a mighty and
sanguinary conflict, — a battle was imminent at or near Gettysburg unless General
Lee would admit defeat and ignominiously retreat, which, under the circum-
stances, was very improbable.

General Lee had planned this campaign with deliberate care and con-
summate ability, bringing to bear his valuable experience and his quite intimate
knowledge of the army of the Potomac, its commanders, especially General
Hooker, and at the same time, owing to the disheartening condition that the
defeat at Chancellorsville produced in the army of the Potomac, and doubt and
confusion in the administration at Washington, determined on the bold
step of invasion, with greater and more ambitious objects in view, than
ever before. His long cherished hopes were the main spring of action and his
successes seemed to warrant and justify his present campaign and he started
fully prepared to engage the army of the Potomac no matter who in command
or its strength in numbers, but expected to meet General Hooker, but now June
30th he knew he must fight with General Mead in command of whom he knew
but little. He had been fully informed that General Mead had crossed the
Potomac and was in hot pursuit with an army of 90,000 strong harassing his

CALVIN W. RICHARDSON, CO. C,
1862.

CALVIN W. RICHARDSON, CO. C,
1905-

HENRY R. AUSTIN, CO. C,
1863.

HENRY R. AUSTIN, CO. C,
1907.

On the March to Gettysburg. 213

rear and threatening to cut off his only possible way of retreat and escape.
The situation gave him no alternative. He must face about and accept the
challenge of battle. He, General Lee, had from the first anticipated that General
Hooker would follow him, as soon as the administration and Hooker divined
his purpose, but not so rapidly nor had he likely thought it probable that Hooker
would be relieved and General Mead placed in command on the march and on
the eve of impending battle, but being apprised of the rapid and near approach
of the Federal army now commanded by General Mead suddenly suspended
his plan of campaign and ordered General Ewell to face about and move towards
Cashtown and Gettysburg, undoubtedly confident of success. General Lee
never planned for defeat, but like an able, fearless General always planned a
way of retreat. He well knew that he must now fight, and realizing the ad-
vantage of selecting a field of battle, it was done, and there at Gettysburg the
great battle that meant so much to both sides was fought. While it is true
'hat General Mead's headquarters were at Taneytown on the evening of June
30th with all his army corps about him within a radius of twelve or fifteen miles,
yet they were only halted for the night and their onward march in pursuit had
not been for any reason or purpose held back and every preparation and cal-
culation was onward, march, and during the night General Mead issued orders
to march directly towards Gettysburg in the morning. General Lee knew of
the fine roads leading from Gettysburg west to the Cumberland Valley over
which his army had come and that Gettysburg was an important strategic posi-
tion and here he arranged for a battle and was first on the field and chose his
position. I have been thus particular that you of the 13th Vermont Regiment
might see and comprehend our situation as a regiment and brigade on the
night of June 30th. We had gained a day's march and more from our camps
along the Occoquan yet the First corps to which we had been assigned was
still miles in advance toward Gettysburg.

General Stannard sent his aid, Lieut. Benedict during the late afternoon of
June 30th forward to report to General Reynolds, our corps commander, our
near approach and ask for orders. Lieut. Benedict returned to General Stan-
nard's headquarters near Emmitsburg during the night and reported that
General Reynolds was at a small country tavern some five miles this side of
Gettysburg and sent an urgent request to join his corps as soon as possible
for 'it was likely that all would be needed before many hours. This quite
important piece of news did not reach the rank and file until the following
day. General Stannard comprehended the full import of the message and
made all possible preparations for joining Reynolds as early on the following
day as he could and have his brigade in condition to fight.

The last night on that memorable march before the battle, we were
bivouacked just outside of Emmitsburg apprehending that a battle was at
hand, and likely before the setting of another sun many now buoyant and hope-
ful of success and signal victory would be offered up a willing sacrifice for
humanity and preservation of the Union. We were well nigh worn out with
our long weary march, day following day, from sun to sun, in almost a tropical
heat, over bad roads and through fields, straining every nerve to overtake and
join our corps two days the start of us in the march, and the whole Potomac

mtaesfmsm

ABRAHAM I^KZKR, C(l. C,

1862.

FELIX VALLEY, CO. C,
1862.

JAMES CLARK, CO. C,
1862.

GEORGE E. PIERCE, CO. C,
1892.

On the March to Gettysburg. 215

army was hastening forward to intercept General Lee before he could cross
the Susquehanna. The 2nd Vt. Brigade passed by many troops of other corps
on our march to Emmitsburg and at the close of the day, (June 30th) was
only a few miles (perhaps 10) behind the First corps to which we belonged,
which corps was now in the lead and nearest to Gettysburg. We were un-
usually tired, hungry and foot sore at the close of this 30th day of June, and
only because of the power of mind over matter had so many been able thus
far to remain in the ranks and with a determination to continue until the field
of battie was reached. We ate of what remained in our haversacks and quickly
laid down to rest, reflect and sleep. A few wrote brief letters home by the
glimmering light of a far spent candle held by a reversed bayonet stuck in the
ground, but very soon all was comparatively quiet and we tl:,ough footsore
and weary thought only of the consequences of the impending battle, of home,
friends, and whether we should ever return to our native state or be captured
or left dead and wounded on the field of battle ; such was the burden of thought
and conversation. We slept the sleep of the weary and awoke at dawn of
day refreshed and ready to take up the line of march at the bugle call and
push forward, manfully determined to do our part to the uttermost, regardless
of danger of capture, wounds or death.

The morning rumor in our brigade was that General Stannard's Aid Bene-
dict had brought an urgent message from General Reynolds to General Stan-
nard to hasten forward his brigade, for likely in a few hours his corps would
be engaged and he should need every soldier in his command. The morning of
July 1st was cloudy and gloomy, all was commotion and confusion and the
vast army all about was moving forward in the direction of Gettysburg, cavalry,,
artillery and infantry, a grand, sublime and imposing spectacle of 100,000
bravely hurrying forward to mortal combat. Every road was filled with a
moving mass of soldiers occupying every available avenue, path and field over
which an army could march and all moving with elastic step, stalwart forms,
upright and bold, with faces beaming with courage and determination. Every-
thing seemed to be on the move, the forest, cattle dotted meadowlands, fields
of waving grain, herds of spotted kine feeding on the hills and in the valleys,
the clouds above and land beneath apparently all moving in the same direction,
was indeed a most ravishing and beautiful sight. An army of 100,000 equipped,
arrayed for battle and on the march surpasses in grandeur and sublimity all
other spectacles ever witnessed by man. We, the 2nd Vt. Brigade, impatiently
waited at Emmitsburg for a chance to take up our line of march.

General Stannard made known his information from General Reynolds
and his orders to hasten forward, but not until ten o'clock were we able to pass
through the moving mass on our way to join our corps which we supposed was
anxiously waiting for us at Marsh Run. The 13th regiment was placed in the
lead on this day and with spirited and elastic step moved rapidly, courageously
forward with ranks all well closed up and every soldier in his place (a few had
fallen out,) now left at Emmitsburg, each seemed determined to cover the few
miles that separated us from our corps with the least possible delay. We
expected to join General Reynolds before noon knowing his location and the
distance as reported by Lieutenant Benedict, for it was said to be only about

DAVID C. SILLOWAY, CO. C,
1863.

WILLIAM H. HOWLANDj CO. C,
1863.

JAMES S. CASWELL, CO. C,
1908.

SAMUEL W. BEXJAMIX, CO. C,
1862.

On the March to Gettysburg. 217

eight miles or two hours' march at the rate we had been moving when not
impeded by other troops in our way. We hastened along for two hours and
about noon arrived where the First corps had camped for the night and then
learned that General Reynolds had put his corps in motion at dajdight and was
miles away and likely at Gettysburg while we were resting in his camp of the
previous night, evidently vacated only a few hours before for the smouldering
camp fires were still burning which we used and here made and drank our last
cup of coffee and ate our last hard tack on this memorable march from the
banks of the Occoquan to Gettysburg. We, on every rise of ground, as we
hastened forward looked anxiously expecting to see our corps (for we could
see miles in advance) being ignorant of the orders issued during the council
of war, held while we slept, that caused General Reynolds to hasten on so early
in the day.

We were at noon some ten miles from Gettysburg and from the course we
traveled and the time it took to reach there it must have been more than ten
miles. We were not on the direct and nearest route to Gettysburg, but moving
northwesterly toward the foot hills of South Mountain and in fact were the
left flank of our marching army and evidently following the same course (for
the traveled roads were a sure guide) that had been passed over by our corps
in the morning. Early in the afternoon as we reached the crest of a con-
siderable hill we saw a single horseman approaching in all haste and as fast as
his tired steed would allow. We knew that a battle was imminent and that the
coming of a mounted courier was no surprise under existing circumstances.
His general appearance and foam-flecked horse told us that he brought im-
portant information. General Stannard ordered a halt as the weary horse and
anxious rider approached the head of his column. He, the mounted courier,
saluted General Stannard and inquired if he was General Stannard of the 2nd
Vt. Brigade and then said to General Stannard, "A big fight is in progress at
Gettysburg, General Reynolds has been killed," that General Doubleday was in
command, that he is hard pressed and must have help or could not hold his
position and that General Stannard must hasten forward his command as fast
as possible.

This was the first intimation that we received that the great battle had
already commenced. We were now some eight miles distant from the position
of our corps on the battlefield. General Stannard at once passed the informa-
tion down the line and gave orders to move as fast as possible and keep the
ranks well closed up. We had been marching thus far during the day at our
very best (too fast to endure it long) and yet we tried to move faster and
faster observing General Stannard's anxious face as he rode up and down the
line to converse with the Colonels and see if we were doing our best. We
knew our corps was in the advance and likely had engaged in battle before any
other corps had reached the field. General Doubleday's aid (for such he was)
wheeled about his tired horse and returned in all haste over the road he had
come to report the approach of General Stannard.

We at once took up the march, followed the horse and rider, and moved
on over hill and through valley often in mud over our shoes faster than before
until within about four miles of Gettysburg, and as we reached an elevated

SAMUEI, W. BENJAMIN, CO. C,
1904.

On the March to Gettysburg. 219

tableland with open country to the north, we heard for the first time booming
cannon way to the front of us which announced that artillery was actively
engaged and a battle was raging, but just how many and who engaged we knew
not, but we apprehended from such knowledge as at hand that our presence was
demanded and anxiously looked for.

As the sound of cannon rolled down the valley and broke on our waiting
ears the brigade involuntarily and suddenly halted and eagerly listened to the
magic sound that was calling us to hasten on. We gazed inquiringly into each
other's faces but spoke not a word. No one needed to tell us now what the
continuous roar of artillery presaged, or of the probability of our brigade soon
being engaged in mortal combat. We were within two hours' march and
would soon reach the field of contest. We knew our corps commander had
been slain in the battle and that our corps was strenuously engaged and anxiously
waiting our arrival and that General Stannard had been ordered to join the
corps to which we belonged as soon as he could possibly do so, and on we
marched ranks well closed up, stimulated by sound of cannon, smell of powder
and sight of clouds of smoke that rose in the distance, in order to reach the
field and render assistance to our comrades of the First corps now engaged in
battle.

We approached Gettysburg on the south by way of Marsh Run and cross-
ing Willoughby Run to the Emmitsburg road southwest of Big Round Top
and marched along this route until we came up with General Buford's cavalry ;
then crossing the valley and ascending Cemetery Ridge moving north near to
the old cemetery in plain view of the location of the pending battle. We met
wounded on their way to the rear for surgical care and attention. We were
now on the outskirts of the battlefield, perhaps a mile from Gettysburg village,
and we could not tell only by the sound of cannon and the clouds of smoke
where the enemy were, nor where our corps was at that time situated, nor did
we know the result of the day only that our corps commander General Reynolds
had been killed and that our forces had been driven from the field, where the
battle opened, back into and through the village of Gettysburg and upon
Cemetery Ridge, a half mile or more south of the village. The sound of cannon
had indicated that the fighting lines were constantly changing and moving
south and toward our approaching brigade and therefore before going further
on to the battlefield knowing nothing of the situation of the enemy. General
Stannard sent his Aid (Benedict) to find our corps commander. General
Doubleday, report our arrival and situation, and ask for orders. We halted
and were in plain view of Plum Run valley and Seminary Ridge and the hills
and plains to the north and northwest. These were trying and anxious
moments waiting for Stannard's aid to return; the passing wounded, bleeding
and moaning, was a sight that spoke volumes concerning the results of the
pending battle that we were now being led into. Lieutenant Benedict returned
with orders to join our corps on Cemetery Ridge. The sun was still shining
just above the hills and mountains as we hastened forward to position guided by
Benedict of Stannard's staff. The artillery firing had ceased, but the sharp
crack of rifle to the north and northwest told us that the picket lines and
sharp shooters were still actively engaged in and around Gettysburg village.

.%AA

#H

- -' -'iiimiii^

WILLIAM BLAIR, CO. C,
1864.

HORACE L. HILL, CO. C,
1862.

HORACE L. HILL, CO. C,
1908.

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 221

We passed over the same field now occupied in 1907 by our brigade and
regimental monuments, and took position on the southwest front of Cemetery
Hill just west of Taneytown road in what appeared to be a wheat field. Here
we were surrounded now by the several divisions of our corps with General
Robinson in our immediate front, General Wadsworth at Gulp's Hill, and the
rest of our corps on the southern slope of Cemetery Hill between Taneytown
road and the Baltimore pike, all near each other, holding the right and left
flank, with the Eleventh corps (General Howard's corps) holding the front
and center line on the north slope of Cemetery Hill between it and Gettysburg
village. North of Gettysburg village and the village was now occupied by
General Early's division of General Ewell's corps.

We finally reached a position just at the close of day exhausted, com-
pletely worn out with seven long days of marching, especially the hurried march
to reach the battlefield on July ist, and we were told to lie down on our arms
as we were, with straps and belts all on and gun in hand ready for immediate
action, for we were liable to be attacked at any moment. It was apparent as
we reached this position that orders and commanders were considerably mixed
up for on our arrival no one seemed to know just where we belonged or what
to do with us. We were moved about from place to place on orders likely
no one had a right to give which the 13th did not enjoy in their worn out con-
dition. It is claimed and it may be correct that our location on the field that
first night was on the right of General Birney's division of the 3rd corps, and
that we remained there until morning. This does not coincide with my recol-
lection of our location on that first night. We did not belong in the 3rd corps
and Birney's division was situated a mile or more down the Taneytown road
south of the old Cemetery.

General Doubleday's maps, page 344, volume 3, Battles and Leaders of
the Civil War, show Birney's division that night more than a mile south from
the old village cemetery. The exact location of the 2nd Vermont Brigade on
this first night is not named on the map, but General Doubleday's division to
which we belonged is located and mentioned as being on the southeast slope of
Cemetery Hill between Baltimore pike and Cemetery Ridge. It is, however,
sufficient to say that we were on the battlefield before sunset of July ist, and
were located and remained during the night near Cemetery Hill and not far
from the position where General Mead established his headquarters.

We had been on the march for seven long days doing our utmost to over-
take and join the First corps to which we had been assigned, leaving Camp
Occoquan after all of the army of the Potomac had passed and the First corps
was in the lead on the way up the valley to intercept General Lee on his way
to Maryland. It was an almost impossible task when all were on the march
in the same direction to overtake the First corps, which was in the lead, and
yet General Stannard's Second Vermont Brigade had in fact during the march
gained almost two days on the First corps, and arrived on the field of battle only
six or eight hours later in the day than Wadsworth's division which was in the
van of our corps, and in fact Wadsworth's division of our corps was the first
infantry that arrived on the field of battle and engaged the enemy then held in
check by General Buford's dismounted cavalry. When General Stannard's

CAPT. GEORGE BASCOMB, CO. D,
1862.

EIEUT. EDWARD E. IIIBBARD. CO. D,
1863.

EIEUT. HIRAM SHATTUCK, CO. D,
1900.

SERGT. JOHN H. EYON, CO. D,
1906.

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 223

brigade took position on Cemetery Ridge about sundown July ist. Cemetery
Hill and Ridge was in the possession of the Federal forces. The First and
Eleventh corps were for a time it is claimed under command of General Winfield
S. Hancock by an order brought by General Hancock who had come direct from
General Mead's headquarters, arriving about 4:30 in the afternoon. It is doubt-
ful about his assuming independent command for General Howard was on the
field and outranked General Hancock.

It seems on the arrival of General Hancock with orders from General
Mead that he and General Howard, like true soldiers and comrades, both by
mutual assent were in command and acted as such until new positions were
selected and occupied and everything made ready to resist any attack that might
be made.

Generals Sickles and Slocum arrived on the battlefield about sundown of
July 1st. The great battle of Gettysburg opened at the break of day July ist,
on the picket line held by General Buford's cavalry on the Cashtown Road on
the east side of Willoughby Run about a mile west of Gettysburg village, and
the first gun fired was by either General Archer or General Davis' brigade of
General Heth's division and of General Ambrose P. Hill's corps against General
Buford's videttes that had been stationed west of Seminary Ridge along the
east bank of Willoughby Run between Hagerstown and Mummasburg Roads.

General Buford dismounted his cavalry and held in check Generals Davis
and Archer's brigades with great skill and courage until General Wadsworth,
in command of the First division of the First army corps, accompanied by
General Reynolds, reached the field about ten o'clock in the forenoon. It was
on this part of the battlefield in the edge of McPherson woods at the time the
iron brigade led by General Doubleday was makjng a charge against General
Archer's brigade, that General John F. Reynolds was shot by a sharp shooter.
He died on the spot and now an elegant granite monument with a statue of
heroic size standing in the Gettysburg Cemetery eloquently tells of the brilliant
record of this distinguished officer. He had no superiors as a corps com-
mander. His death was a National calamity and all who knew him sincerely
mourned his untimely death. Napier's Eulogy seems quite appropriate, namely,
"No man died on the battlefield at Gettysburg with more glory than General
John F. Reynolds, and yet many distinguished officers fell and there was much
glory."

The unexpected and near approach of the army of the Potomac on the
heels of General Lee's army. General Longstreet having just reached the Cum-
berland Valley some twenty miles west of Gettysburg, led General Lee to con-
clude it might be dangerous to move further against Harrisburg and therefore,
what appeared to be a military necessity, ordered Generals Ewell and Hill
to return and concentrate toward Gettysburg, and hence the battle was opened
there July ist with General Reynolds in command by arrangement and orders
issued in council the evening before. General Reynolds with Wadsworth's divi-
sion arrived on the battlefield about the same hour that we of the second brigade
left Emmitsburg. General Stannard tried to move his command at daylight
on the morning of July ist as was planned but it was impossible owing to the

ORIGINAL SERGEANTS OF CO. D, 1 862.

No. I. JMarquis F. Marrs. No. 2. Julius F. Densmore.
No. 3. Henry O. Clark. No. 4. George Stevens. No. 5. William L. Blake.

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 225

crowded condition of every avenue of travel with troops that impeded his
advance.

There was some confusion and excitement when we arrived on Cemetery
Hill near Doubleday's and Howard's headquarters. Our forces had beei.
driven back and now occupied Cemetery Ridge as a strategic strong position.
General Reynolds, to whom had been given the evening before by General Mead
special directions to advance and assume command when he should find the
enemy, had been killed. This great loss placed General Doubleday in command
of the field until about noon, when General Howard of the Eleventh corps
arrived. He outranking General Doubleday took command and remained in
command until General Hancock arrived direct from General Mead, (and after
General Mead had learned of the death of General Reynolds) with particular
directions to take charge of the battlefield and so informed General Howard,
but General Howard outranked General Hancock and was in command as he
claimed, until General Mead should arrive. The situation was critical and both
Howard and Hancock realized that there was no time for any discussion as to
rank, but only what was best to be done. General Howard had been driven to
his present position, and General Hancock while in conversation with General
Howard surveying from Cemetery Hill the country all about, said, "General
this is a good place to fight a battle." Howard agreed and then Hancock said,
"We will locate here for the final battle", and then every effort was put forth
to so locate artillery, cavalry and infantry to be ready for General Lee's army
which was sure to attack as soon as daylight, if not before. The Federal army
was so well and skilfully placed on and about Cemetery Ridge as to be quite
secure against a much superior force, on account of location and surroundings
When our brigade reached the field July ist the army was quite well prepared
to hold the position selected and then occupied.

Our corps, the First, was now altogether on and near Cemetery Hill, the
Eleventh corps was also on Cemetery Hill. The Third corps, in command of
General Sickles arriving, took position between Little Round Top and Ceme-
tery Hill and the Twelfth was near by rapidly approaching the battlefield.
Besides we had General Buford's cavalry and many batteries in position.

The close of the first day's fight found General Howard with the Eleventh
corps on Cemetery Hill holding the front and center, the First corps holding
both flanks with Buford's cavalry on the Emmitsburg Road near the peach
orchard, the Third corps about a mile south on the Taneytown road, and the
Twelfth near Little Round Top. Though we occupied a strong and almost
impregnable position, we were largely outnumbered at this hour and almost
completely surrounded and the Confederate army had been successful during
the day and compelled us to select our present position. General Ewell's corps
was at our front and right close up to the base of Cemetery and Gulp's Hill.
A. P. Hill's corps was on our left, supported by General Longstreet and his
corps, and therefore it will be seen we were at the close of this first day's battle
almost completely surrounded by General Lee's whole army which, owing to
the success of the day, made them confident of final victory. It was quite
fortunate for our side that Generals Ewell and Hill did not follow up their
vantage ground at four o'clock in the afternoon of the first day. We had in

SERGT. HENRY O. CLARK, CO. D,

1862.

Clark on the left; John Welch of Co. I on the right.

HENRY O. CLARK, CO. D,
1906.

CORP. GEORGE N. WRIGHT, CO. D,
1862.

GEORGE N. WRIGHT, CO. D,
1906.

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 227

fact been badly whipped during the first day because of superior numbers. Only
the First corps and some of Buford's cavalry on the field until about noon to
meet and fight Ewell's and Hill's combined commands. The first day was a
sad and hard day for we had been driven from position to position and compelled
to retreat and take refuge on Cemetery Hill. We had during the day suffered
great loss, though we had succeeded in making the progress of Lee's army very
expensive in dead, wounded, and captured. Generals Ewell and Hill with their
corps, 40,000 strong, now flushed with victory, had they followed up their golden
opportunity, it is more than likely the great battle would have been fought to
a finish in the vicinity of Pipe Creek south and east of Gettysburg. Great
Generals make mistakes and General Lee made them on this field. Our position
on Cemetery Ridge was very strong; General Hancock when he first arrived
saw at a glance it was a very strong natural position equal to thousands of men
to resist an attack, and his selection at sight of this position was an inspiration
and contributed much towards the defeat of General Lee and of the victory
of General Mead. We had at four o'clock on the first day of the battle only
the First and Eleventh corps which had been badly depleted during the day
and General Buford's division of cavalry and a part of our artillery and on the
other hand the whole of Lee's army was on the field with the exception of
Longstreet who was near by and rapidly approaching on the Chambersburgh
road. Our position was such at this hour that we might have been driven from
Cemetery Hill if General Ewell had been permitted to have carried out his
plan of attack at four o'clock in the afternoon, but General Lee quite naturally
waited for General Longstreet with whom were the selected and the flower of
the army of Northern Virginia, besides General Longstreet was first in council,
first in battle and first when a mighty battle was pending involving such im-
portant consequences as on this occasion, and he had not yet reached the field,
and General Lee now believed that General Mead's army was all up and in
position on Cemetery Ridge and Gulp's Hill, Big and Little Round Top, ready
and waiting for a defensive or offensive contest, determined on, at any cost,
victory.

It is literally true that our regiment was hungry, thirsty, tired and well
nigh physically exhausted when we reached position on Cemetery Hill ; and down
the line came the order not to build fires to make coffee, but lie down with
equipments on ready for action, for the enemy were near by to the north, east
and west and had been successful during the day. Our corps, the First and
Eleventh had been forced back, though by hard and desperate fighting from
early morning until night, contesting every foot of ground, making the slow
advance of General Hill's division expensive, with fearful slaughter; our corps
too, suffered great loss, as we were driven from position to position by the
overpowering numbers of the enemy, falling back however in good order neither
rattled, unduly frightened or panic stricken in the least, on our reserve then
on, and holding Cemetery Hill. Our first and almost desperate inclination as
we halted was to quench our awful thirst, our canteens were empty and had
been nearly all day and much of the time for the last three days, for as all must
recollect an order was issued on the march through Maryland prohibiting any
one to leave the ranks for water while on the move, and only when halted for

CORP. MARK DAY^ CO. D,
1862.

MARK DAY, CO. D,
1906.

OSCAR J. TOMUNSON, CO. D^
1906.

JOHN VV. FORREST, CO. D,
1902.

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 229

rest and at noon and evening. Some of our regiment because of fainting had
in passing an overflowing and nearby spring left the ranks for water in viola-
tion of the order, choosing rather to obtain water and remain in the line of
march than fall out and be left behind. We had been taught by General Stan-
nard two days back while marching through Maryland that orders must be
obeyed and would be enforced to the letter irrespective of rank, humanity or
any other question save the military necessity that might demand a suspension
or change, and so we thereafter obeyed and suffered the misery of unquenched
thirst on a rapid march rather than disobey.

First Lieutenant Stephen F. Brown of Company K prompted only by
motives of humanity after repeated requests for permission for some of the
boys of his company to leave the ranks for water and discovering the fainting
condition of some, took private Oliver Pariso of Company K loading them-
selves with all the empty canteens they could carry and started for a nearby
spring for water which they found in charge of a mounted safe guard, who
informed Lieutenant Brown that his orders would not allow him to procure
water at that spring. Lieutenant Brown said, "R'fy men are fainting from
thirst and must have water, and water I have come for, knowing what the
order was, and with or without your consent water I must and will have." He
gave his name, rank, company and regiment to the safe guard who immediately
rode off in haste and Lieutenant Brown and Private Pariso filled their canteens
with water and returned to the company and quenched the thirst of many a
thankful private, and for this act Lieutenant Brown was placed under arrest
and relieved of his sword ; but Lieutenant Brown continued in his place, marched
to Gettysburg on to the field, procured a common camp hatchet that belonged
to a comrade and went into battle with this hatchet as a substitute for his
sword, and no one was foolish enough to object to Lieutenant Brown taking
part in the fight, though only armed with that ancient and barbarous and savage
weapon of warfare. Lieutenant Brown's release from arrest had been procured
in the early morning of July 2nd, but his sword was miles distant in the wagon
train where it had been placed when taken and could not now be restored.
The hatchet answered Lieutenant Brown's purpose and he made good use of
it during the battle.

As a matter of fact on the last day of battle, and while on the charge
against General Pickett's charging columns, with raised hatchet in hand captured
from one of General Pickett's officers a sword, scabbard, belt and pistol in the
presence of the author which was then and there in haste buckled on and
thereafter worn by Lieutenant Brown during the battle, and carried by him
to his home in Swanton Vermont, where he hung it on the wall where it re-
mained for many years after the war was over, and this sword and scabbard
he cherished as mementoes of General Pickett's famous charge, and in remem-
brance of the battle that was the turning point in the mighty struggle for the
preservation of the Union and the principals of freedom, humanity and justice.
The sword and scabbard is now in charge of the historical Association of Ver-
mont and among the relics at the State House at Montpelier, Vt., carried there
by Lieutenant Brown a few months before his death.

JOHN E. WHKEWCK, CO. D,
1862.

JOHN E. WHEELOCK, CO. D,
1906.

MOSES A. WHEEEOCK, CO. D^
1862.

HENRY MCAVOY^ CO. D,
1862.

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 231

By the time our brigade settled down in its location it was quite dark and
none of us had any knowledge of springs or streams of running water and did
not know where to procure any water, but on inquiry were told by going east a
short distance would strike an over flowing spring. Six or eight from each
company were allowed to go in search of water, taking as many empty canteens
as they could carry. A half dozen or more from company K started for water.
We soon reached the banks of a brook, but it was now mostly dry and the
holes we found contained only warm, muddy, dead water, and we thought also
animals, (not fish) and on we went following down the brook until we found a
small running stream, and in the woods it was quite cool and fairly good. We
satisfied our thirst, filled our canteens and hastily returned to our thirsty com-
rades. Perhaps some had, after reaching our position on the field something
to eat, but sure it is many of us did not have a morsel left in our haversacks
and there was no wagon trains in sight or any where to be found. All had
been sent ofif to the east to avoid capture. It was exceedingly fortunate for
the First and Eleventh corps and Buford's cavalry that General Lee had no
accurate knowledge 'of the numbers before him during the first day's battle.
He knew the army of the Potomac had all crossed at Edwards Ferry and
thereabouts, some days before and that the First and Eleventh corps under
Generals Reynolds and Howard were on the battlefield vigorously contesting
the advance of Generals A. P. Hill and Ewell's corps during the first day's
fighting, and therefore concluded that the whole army of the Potomac under its
new leader. General Mead, was in position on Cemetery Hill and Ridge, Gulp's
Hill, Big and Little Round Top, waiting for him to advance. He had ordered
both Hill and Ewell not to bring on a general engagement until his whole army
was up. General Longstreet who commanded the First corps (which was con-
sidered the best and most important) had not yet arrived, nor was his artillery
all at hand. The able, skilful and tenacious manner in which the First corps
under General Doubleday had fought and held the field on Seminary Ridge
and west of it against General Hill's overpowering numbers until General
Howard arrived with the Eleventh corps early in the afternoon, and then the
manoeuvring of the First and Eleventh corps and the desperate fighting during
the rest of the day with General Howard in command fully justified General
Lee in the opinion that a much larger force was before him than actually existed.

In fact only Buford's cavalry and the First corps and some of our artillery
were on the battlefield at Gettysburg until afternoon of the first day of the
battle and they met the advancing hosts of General A. P. Hill's corps and held
their position against a great disparity of numbers until the Eleventh corps
arrived. General Howard and staff took a more direct road from Emmitsburg,
leaving his corps in charge of General Churz, and reached Gettysburg about
noon some little time before the arrival of his corps. The first days battle had
been fought from early dawn until afternoon by General Buford's cavalry and
General Reynold's First corps and the rest of the day had the assistance of the
Eleventh corps under command of General Schurtz, General Howard being in
command of all the forces after his arrival on the field. And thus it was the
First and Eleventh corps numbering less than 18,000 men with General Buford's
division of cavalry and some artillery had courageously and successfully fought

^- ■■

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1 ^

1 1

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^. ■•^'^t^

„ — ^ "'■ ' ^

-■'%/:'^m

» ■,

MYRON P. SCUIvLIN, CO. D,
1862.

MYRON P. SCULIvIN, CO. D,
1905-

JOSIAH M. CAREY, CO. D,
1863.

JOSIAH M. CAREY, CO. D,
1906.

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 233

and held in check from sunrise to sundown the first day's fighting, Generals
Ewell and A. P. Hill's corps outnumbering us on the field more than two to one.
The First corps to which the Second Vermont Brigade belonged was
made up as follows: Corps Commander, General John F. Reynolds; First
Division, General James S. Wadsworth, First Brigade, General Soloman
Meredith, Second Brigade, General Lysander Cuttler; Second Division, General
John C. Robinson, First Brigade, General Gabriel R. Paul, Second Brigade,
General Henry Baxter ; Third Division, General Abner Doubleday, First Brigade,
General Thomas A. Rowley, Second Brigade, Colonel Roy Stone, Third Brigade,
General George- J. Stannard ; Artillery Brigade, Colonel Charles S. Wainwright ;
General Stannard's brigade was composed of the 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th and i6th
Vermont Regiments and commanded by Colonels Asa P. Blunt, Francis Vol-
taire Randall, Wm. T. Nichols, Redfield Proctor and Wheelock G. Veazey
respectively. After General Stannard was wounded on the last day of the
battle, and after General Pickett's charge. Colonel Randall of the 13th Vermont
was placed in command of the brigade and so continued in charge until July
loth, when his regiment, the 13th, was ordered to Vermont to be mustered out
on account of expiration of term of service.

It will be observed that the battle was opened so far as infantry was con-
cerned by the First division of the First corps commanded by General Wads-
worth about ten o'clock in the forenoon of July ist and at this hour there was
no infantry of General Mead's command on the field at Gettysburg only those
that belonged to the First corps. The Eleventh corps did not arrive on the
field until about one o'clock p. m. The Third and Twelfth corps arrived at
the close of the day between sundown and dark. There can be no question
but what the First corps was in a desperate situation many times during the
first day's battle, even after the arrival of the Eleventh corps, and had it not
been for the timely arrival of General Howard and his corps what would have
become of the First corps and Buford's cavalry and their artillery support
may be well conjectured. General A. P. Hill's corps was advancing against
the First corps from west of Gettysburg and Ewell's corps from the north and
east of Gettysburg with great persistency, and this was the situation when the
Eleventh corps reached the battlefield of Gettysburg. General Howard exhibited
most excellent military judgment when he occupied Cemetery Hill as a position
of great strength. Notwithstanding the determined eiforts of Doubleday and
Schurtz to hold in check the corps of Hill and Ewell, they were obliged to
gradually give way and take position on Cemetery Hill and Ridge which as a
defensive position was first occupied by the First and Eleventh corps about
four o'clock in the afternoon. General Hancock reaching the field and Cemetery
Hill at about the same hour with orders from General Mead then at Taney-
town. Generals Howard and Hancock quickly placed batteries and infantry on
Cemetery Hill and along the ridge in such a manner as to make their position
quite secure against superior numbers. The First corps and the Eleventh with
Buford's division of cavalry had been driven back inch by inch and finally com-
pelled to seek a strategic and commanding position thereby hoping to hold in
check the victorious legions of Hill and Ewell who had thus far been successful
during the day and now flushed with victory and no doubt supposing they had

WILLIAM CROSBY, CO. D,
1862. 1906.

LEOX II. DRAKE, CO. D,
1864.

LEdX H. DR.VKE, CO. D,
1906.

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 235

been driving the whole army of the Potomac from the battlefield and backwards
towards Washington. Nothing had transpired during the many engagements
of the day on any part of the field that furnished any indication of weakness,
lack of numbers or willingness to accept every opportunity of the Federal
forces to engage in battle. The Confederate forces had been so hotly engaged
and resisted all day long that General Lee had a right to believe, as no doubt
he did that General Mead's army was present in force, and it would not do to
be too hasty. He knew very well the Federal army would now fight more
desperately than ever before, that they were prepared and anxious to meet
him and fully determined to vanquish his great army, and would if need be
sacrifice every soldier rather than retreat or surrender. There was in fact
only one thought that now animated every soldier of that valiant army that had
been so often humiliated and defeated from General Mead down to the most
humble private that carried a gun, namely. Victory or death.

The time had come for a full and final settlement of the old scores of
many battlefields, and the army of the Potomac was enthusiastic and determined
and anxious to meet once more General Lee and his valiant and thus far
victorious army in battle, believing that they now had a commander in General
Mead, able to handle and place in battle lines to the best advantage every
regiment if required to insure success. Arbitrament on any battlefield wherever
it might please General Lee, he having boldly challenged the army of the Potomac
by invasion, which challenge was willingly accepted, confidently believing that
the God of battles would be with justice and the right, and that the time had
come for the army of the Potomac to decide the supreme and all important
questions, the preservation of the Union and the principal of government by
the people. General Lee realized when he ascertained that the army of the
Potomac had crossed into Maryland and was following in such haste that he
could not reach Harrisburg and avoid General Mead, menacing his communica-
tions and base of supply, and his only way back to the valleys of Shennandoah
was to face about and prepare for battle, choose a desirable field and wait for
an attack, which he knew was certain under the circumstances, to follow. He
therefore ordered General Ewell on the 29th of June to leave the west banks
of the Susquehanna and return to Cashtown in all haste for concentration near
Gettysburg, for the great army of the Potomac had already crossed into Mary-
land and were now marching north of Frederick City in the vicinity of Taney-
town and Emmitsburg rapidly pushing up the valley of the JNIonocac}' and a
battle was imminent and peril great.

On the 30th of June, Ewell and Hill were near Gettysburg and Long-
street at Chambersburg and J. E. B. Stuart with cavalry at Hanover some ten
miles east of Gettysburg, and the army of the Potomac was mostly concen-
trated near Taneytown and Emmitsburg except General Reynolds with the
First corps at Marsh Run ten miles south of Gettysburg, and Kilpatrick with
cavalry at Hanover and General Buford with his division of cavalry rapidly
approaching Gettysburg from the south on a line west of Gettysburg village.

I,EWIS BARTTROW, CO. D,
1862.

LEWIS BARTTROW, CO. D,
1905.

MURRAY W. THOMPSON, CO. D,
1862.

MURRAY W. THOMPSON, CO. D,
1864.

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 237

General Mead on the evening of the 30th of June had arranged to advance
his army and gave orders to General Reynolds to move on the morning of
July 1st to Gettysburg with his corps and General Howard's corps and
assume the offensive, knowing that General Lee with his army was in the
vicinity of Gettysburg waiting on a chosen field for an attack.

Unexpectedly in the early gray of dawn of July ist, the picket lines de-
ployed by Generals Archer and Davis of General Heth's division of A. P.
Hill's corps opened fire on the videttes that had been placed out by General
Buford and the battle of Gettysburg was thus opened on the Chambersburg
pike on the east bank of Willoughby Run and west of Gettysburg village about
one mile. Neither General Mead nor General Lee was ready, nor did either
expect a general engagement at that hour, nor were either certain on what field
the battle would take place. They were both certain that the most momentous
hour since the firing on Sumter was at hand, and the result would be far
reaching as to the future of the Union and Secession.

General Heth advanced in force and General Buford dismounted his
cavalry and deployed them as infantry, and held the brigades of Archer and
Davis in check and sent an aid in all haste to General Reynolds disclosing the
situation. General Reynolds on receiving the information from General
Buford immediately ordered General Wadsworth's division and with it reached
the battlefield not far from ten o'clock in the forenoon and at once took com-
mand, and while successfully resisting Heth's division was shot by a sharp
shooter and died on the field before noon about the hour of General Howard's
arrival. General Reynolds' death was a great loss to the Union army. He
had exhibited on this field his fitness to command and by his great skill fear-
lessly and promptly engaged Hill's superior numbers to their utter dismay
before he fell. General Doubleday succeeded General Reynolds in command
and remained in charge until General Howard arrived. The battle was
brilliantly opened as soon as Reynolds reached the field. There was no other
infantry to meet General Hill's columns except those of the First corps until
Howard of the Eleventh corps reached the field about one o'clock p. m. The
First corps had sustained heavy loss in killed and wounded before the timely
arrival of the Eleventh corps. The acceptance of battle by General Reynolds
out on the Chambersburg Road and bringing up his forces and placing them in
position and hastening General Howard of the Eleventh corps to his support
was such a vigorous resistance to General Hill's advancing columns and that
the two mighty armies were face to face and so near together that it was
evident that a battle must there and then be fought, or one or the other retreat.
General Reynolds had by his determination and by direction of General Mead
(if circumstances favored it), decided to engage the enemy in battle at the first
opportunity and was advancing towards Gettysburg for no other purpose.
General Reynolds was an experienced corps commander and had fought with
consummate ability and bravery on many a desperately contested field, and
knew Lee's manner of manoeuvring and fighting his valorous army, and at
once when he reached the field of action and held a brief consultation with
General Buford commanding the First division of General Pleasanton's corps
courageously and confidently assumed the offensive, ordered his First division

CHARLES L. IvADIEUX, CO. D,
1862.

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JOHN N. HARMONj CO. D,
1862.

JOHN N. HARMON, CO. D,
1906.

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 239

commanded by General Wadsworth immediately to the front charging against
the advancing columns of Archer and Davis' brigades of Heth's division and
Hill's corps and thus brilliantly opened the momentous battle so pregnant with
important consequences to the Nation and the world. General Reynolds fell
by a hostile bullet during the first hour of the desperate contest a noble and
willing sacrifice to the country he loved so well.

The opportunity made by General Reynolds in opening the great battle of
Gettysburg where he did, enabled Howard and Hancock to select Cemetery
Hill and Ridge for the sanguinary and awful conflict of the second and third
days' battle and made possible final success and glorious victory for General
Mead, his officers, the valiant army of the Potomac and the death blow to the
Rebellion.

The Second Vermont Brigade (so called) was in the Third brigade. Third
division (General Doubleday's) of General Reynold's First army corps com-
manded by General Stannard of Vermont, but as before stated did not reach
the battlefield till late in the afternoon of the first day's battle, notwithstanding
its great anxiety and unparalleled marching from Occoquan, Va., to Gettysburg,
Penn. And when they reached Cemetery Ridge and Hill it was occupied by the
decimated ranks of the First and Eleventh corps and nearly surrounded by the
victorious regiments of Ewell and Hill's corps outnumbering our forces on the
field at that hour three to one. Though we occupied and held at the close of
the first day's battle an almost impregnable natural bulwark, yet our situation
was extremely critical, and dangerous, and had not General Lee discovered
the marching blue lines of the advancing columns of the Third and Twelfth
corps moving along Cemetery Ridge northward leading him, (General Lee),
to conclude that the army of the Potomac was present in position and ready
to welcome any attack. Generals Ewell and Hill would have been ordered
to assault Cemetery Hill about the same hour the Second Vermont Brigade
arrived with more than an even chance of temporary success and compelling
General Howard to relinquish Cemetery Hill and fall back on the Taneytown
road and concentrate elsewhere for the final struggle. Circumstances of time
and place of opening of the fight by the First Corps, the arrival of General
Howard with the Eleventh corps and General Hancock with fresh orders from
General Mead resulted in the selection of Cemetery Hill and Ridge as the place
of battle and from a military view a good location to fight a battle, especially
a defensive one. As matters stood in the afternoon of that eventful first day,
we of the 13th regiment were wholly ignorant of the desperate situation when
we arrived on the field and took position, and therefore we quickly and gladly
laid down to rest and dream of bayonet charge, fearful struggle and awful
carnage, and awoke in the early morning refreshed and ready for the renewal
of the battle that we knew was at hand.

All were thoroughly exhausted and an opportunity to lay down gun and
knapsack even on a battlefield in sight of the dead and hearing of the wounded
was thankfully appreciated. We spread our rubber blankets on the ground for
a bed and our fly tents for a covering against the fast falling dew, and tried
to sleep, but the majority realizing fully that a great battle had been opened
and the results of the day were exceedingly discouraging could not sleep, but

240 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers.

thought intensely concerning the consequences of the coming day. Two mighty
armies equally daring and brave, heroes of many bloody battles and each army
about 100,000 strong were face to face making every possible preparation for
renewing the battle in the morning.

General Lee's army was exultant and flushed with the successes of the First
day. General Mead's army knew and realized they had been overwhelmingly
outnumbered and had not had an even chance and were anxious to try again.
General Mead and staff arrived just past midnight, examined carefully the field,
manoeuvred his corps, divisions and brigades which had arrived, to meet the
situation. All reached the field before ten o'clock except the Sixth corps, which
was reported on the way, and before sunrise, General Mead was ready to
receive General Lee and to give him a warm reception. There was much com-
motion and changing of positions, moving of artiller)', cavalry and infantry,
aids hurrying in every direction near our position all night long, and those of us
who did not sleep heard and saw the strenuous preparation for the deadly
struggle at hand, and as the long lines of blue arrived and took position and
the artillery was arriving and being placed in position our hopes were buoyant
and our confidence restored.

The night of July ist was perfect, a gentle breeze from the south, clear
and warm, the moon and stars reflected their borrowed light advantageously
for the locating of battle lines and placing cannon where they could the most
efl:'ectively, use shrapnel and canister when attacked. The arduous labor of
the commanding officers during the night revealed, as the first rays of the morning
sun shone on the field, an almost miraculous change from the previous evening.
The whole army was astir as soon as light. The position of the 13th on the
early morning of the second day of battle was in a wheat field about five
hundred yards south of the present location of the National Monument and a
few rods west of General Mead's headquarters on the west side of the Taney-
town Road ; an elevated position that commanded an almost unobstructed view
of the battlefield from Big Round Top way to the south, then along Seminarv
Ridge to the west and north of Gettysburg village and as far to the northeast
as Gulp's Hill and the cultivated fields, woodlands, hills and valleys and moun-
tains beyond as far as the eye could see. A grand and picturesque panoramic
view of nature's most attractive scenes among the hills and mountains of north-
ern Maryland and southern Pennsylvania. No more ideal spot could have been
found for the consecration and sacrifice of the thousands of precious lives than
that charming field Gettysburg. The whole regiment seemed to have taken a
standing position simultaneously as if by military orders, anxious to see and
realize our immediate surroundings expecting to see the lines of gray with
fluttering banners and glistening bayonets charging across the valley and up
the hill, but instead of hostile foe to our glad surprise we saw legions dressed
in blue on Cemetery Ridge and its slopes extending from the northern elevation
of Cemetery Hill to Little Round Top and a long line of cannon wheel to wheel
from Cemetery Hill and Ziegler's Grove to Round Top, pointed westward and
northwestward a solid line of cannon more than a mile in length already for
business, and in front and rear of our numerous batteries along the cannon
lines, could be seen way out toward the foe the vigilant picket lines, and in the

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 241

immediate front and rear of the artillery in position, the double battle lines of
blue in support ready to resist any charge or at an opportune moment advance
against the enemy.

The arrival of General Mead and Chief of artillery, Henry J. Hunt, during
the night of the first day's battle was prompt and timely, and before daylight of
the second day General Mead carefully inspected the chosen field, visited every
part of the field, conferred with his corps commanders, ascertained fully the
results of the first day's battle and how his army had been manoeuvred and
placed in position, making such changes as seemed advisable in order to be
better prepared for the desperate contest that he knew full well was inevitable.
General Lee's army had been successful as a result of the first day's battle and
they, from General Lee to the humblest private were flushed with victory and
anxious to renew the battle at the break of day, fully determined on, and ex-
pecting (as often before) to vanquish the army of the Potomac and place on
their flags and banners an unparalleled victory that would be the last, and secure
to them (at least) division of states and a separate Government. But the con-
summation of such high and ardently longed for hopes so long deferred were
not to be realized on this field of supreme effort between two brave and valerous
armies about equal in numbers, each thoroughly equipped, and commanded with
consummate skill and great military ability; the prowess and bravery of one,
was like the other. The cause of the Union was right and that of the Con-
federacjf wrong, and other things being equal it is the verdict of history in all
great emergencies the right prevails. We of the 13th were up in the gray of
the early morning, no drum or bugle necessary to awaken and summon us to
duty. We had lain down on our arms on an open field ready for action and
now for the first time gazed around in order to see where we were and what
was about us.

Our position was elevated and on Cemetery Ridge just south of Ziegler's
Grove commanding a view of country for miles in any direction. It was an at-
tractive and charming picture of cultivated fields of ripening grain, of meadow
and pasture lands, wooded hills and valleys, mountains to the west, and the
rising of the sun developed one of nature's grandest and most enchanting views.
No more lovely place to be found at this season of the year, July, on earth to
die for principal and in defense of home and native land than Gettysburg.
Yes, in any direction could be seen the deadly cannon pointed and ready for
action, moving lines of blue where the brave had bivouacked on the field of
battle, mounted officers and aids were hurrying to and fro completing the lines
of battle, making all possible preparation to resist the expected advance of the
enemy and to hold the position selected. We read in the faces of the com-
manding officers the desperate situation of the army of the Potomac on this
morning of July 2nd. Their hurried movements and anxious faces revealed to
the rank and file their grave apprehension and great responsibility, for the
mighty army under their command. Nearly all except the Sixth corps had
reached the field during the night but there was confusion, and day light necessary
to arrange the army to be in prime condition to fight a battle which was im-
minent at sun rise as all believed.

UEUT. FRANK KENFIELD, CO. Tt,
1862.

LIEUT. FRANK KENFIELD, CO. E,
1906.

EIEUT. SIDNEY S. MOREY, CO. E,
1863.

LIEUT. SIDNEY S. MOREY, CO. E,
1888.

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 243

The expected early morning advance of Generals Hill's and Ewell's corps did
not occur and all were thankful. General Longstreet had not as yet reached the
battlefield and therefore General Lee was not ready though two of his three army
corps were present in full ranks and in position and anxiously waiting for orders
to advance. The First and Eleventh corps were in position on Cemetery Ridge
and Gulp's Hill before sundown. The Twelfth corps under General Slocum
and most of the Third under General Sickles had reached the field and taken
position south on the Taneytown Road east of Little Round Top, also Stan-
nard's brigade of the First corps had reached the field and been placed in
position on the west side of Taneytown Road on the crest of Cemetery Ridge
just south of Ziegler's Grove in a wheat field before dark of July ist.

General Stannard's brigade reached the battlefield by the way of Emmitsburg
road just west of the Round Top about six o'clock in the afternoon. The fight-
ing of the day was pretty much over and Generals Hancock and Howard were
directing the placing of troops on and about Cemetery Hill and Ridge with all
possible haste to be ready for General Tree's advance which was expected at
any moment. Generals Ewell's and Hill's corps being in force in Gettysburg vil-
lage, the northern slopes of Cemetery Hill and Gulp's Hill and the plains east
and northwest where the fighting of the day had taken place. The Second
Vermont Brigade moved deliberately from Emmitsburg Road across the field
along the valley of Plum Run past the Peach Orchard through the copse up the
western slope of Cemetery Ridge passing over the same ground that we occupied
during the night of the second day of battle and all the day long of the third and
last day's battle and from place to place till finally given a position near the crest
of Cemetery Ridge. There was considerable confusion of orders among officers
in charge as to where General Stannard's Brigade should be placed. General
Stannard had sent Lieutenant Benedict of his stafl: forward on approaching the
field to report his presence with his command and for orders, and had returned
with orders from some subordinate officer belonging to the First corps and con-
ducted our Brigade as best he could to the position indicated.

There were many troops arriving about this time of day and there was
much confusion. General Slocum with th£ Twelfth corps and General Sickles
with the Third corps both making strenuous efforts to bring their commands to
Cemetery Hill as urged by General Howard when he. General Howard, was
obliged to fall back and take position on Cemetery Hill. General Mead had
sent out orders to concentrate the army at Gettysburg and the several corps
were endeavoring to reach that locality at the earliest possible moment ; and
because of so many arriving about the same hour, infantry, cavalry and artillery
and all approaching from the south it was almost impossible to avoid confusion
and delay, and this accounts for the different recollections and opinions as to
the exact position on the battlefield occupied by the 13th the first night. The
most of us recall that we were marched about considerably after reaching
Cemetery Ridge which seemed to be without any particular purpose, and it was
said that General Stannard swore like a piper and Colonel Randall filled the
air with his accustomed and peculiar dialect because so much moving about
when their boys were all tired out from the long day's hard march and wanted
to rest. I am not able to say just where, how much and how many times we

CORP. MOSES J. I^EACH, CO. E,
1862.

CORP. MOSES J. LEACH, CO. E,
1906.

M

£.

CORP. HENRY C. PARSONS, CO. E,
1862.

CORP. JOSEPH M. CHAPLIN, CO. E,
1906.

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 245

halted after we reached the vicinity of Cemetery Hill that first evening before
we were finally ordered to a position, but do recall to mind the fact that when
we awoke in the morning there was a burying ground near by and north, and
that we could see Gettysburg village less than a mile away in the valley below.

As we watched the congested mass of soldiers near by, we saw others
beside the 13th, 14th and i6th wearing the First corps badge and now were sure
that we had finally after seven days of weary marching found and joined the
First corps to which we had been assigned before leaving the banks of the
Occoquan some twenty miles east of Bull Run battlefield, Va., having traveled
during the seven days about one hundred and fifty miles. I am sure there can
be no question but what our position on the early niorning of July 2nd was on
the west side of Taneytown Road and a few yards westerly from General
Mead's headquarters. Our position was changed early in the morning to the
east of Cemetery Hill where we found for the first, time the Third division to
which we belonged then in charge of General Doubleday, and here we were
given opportunity for breakfast. , It was only an opportunity. Some of the
boys did find a little ground cofifee in the bottom of their haversacks, procured
some muddy water and made coffee. I do not recall that any distribution of
pork, hard tack and coffee was made that forenoon to our regiment, though it
may be true. I am sure that none of my company made coffee or ate any
breakfast that morning. My haversack was empty and stomach too, and had
no opportunity to replenish either.

The surroundings, the scenes, the battlefield, the expectancy of immediate
engagement drove away any desire for food and generally so far as I observed,
but little if any preparation for, or eating that morning by the 13th regiment
was made. If any rations were given out, the boys of the 13th did not get any
share of them. Such is the recollection of those who have spoken and written
of our rations during the battle. I do not assert that rations were not brought
out and distributed to our brigade, but that the 13th was not fortunate enough
to share in them.

Nearly every haversack was empty before we reached Gettysburg, and
some of us were hungry and thirsty and looked for food and water at the first
opportunity, and more the 13th regiment had a goodly number who from ex-
perience could scent food far away and were neither timid or modest, and if
there had been any rations of salt pork or hard tack and coffee any where
within sight, scent or reach would have had a share, and such good luck would
have been an incident under the circumstances that would have been indelibly
impressed on the memory of some of us.

Of course we had among us a little coffee, salt pork and hard tack and this
was divided up among the boys from hand to mouth as long as it lasted, and
if any of our regiment had any food during the last two days of the battle it was
not Company K. No one needed more convincing evidence of long fasting than
the appearance of the boys on the morning of July 4th when a wagon loaded
with boxes of hard tack appeared among us. It has been said that the Second
Vermont Brigade marched and counter marched for a couple of hours after
reaching Cemetery Hill on the evening of July ist, and was finally placed on
the right of General Birney's division of General Sickles" corps and there

n1

MUSICIAN, THADDEUS WHIPPLE, CO. E,
1862.

MUSICIAN, TEIADDEUS WHIPPLE, CO. E,
1906.

JONATHAN W. DANIELS, CO. t,

JONATHAN W. DANIELS, CO. E,

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 247

remained during the night. This statement I believe is error for Birney's divi-
sion of the Third corps during the night of the ist of July was south on the
Taneytown Road nearly fifteen hundred yards from Cemetery Hill. The
Third corps was situated between Cemetery Hill and Little Round Top from
which it advanced westward to its slaughter-pen in the afternoon of the
second day. The First corps bivouacked on the night of July ist on the western
and southern slopes of Cemetery Hill, and at Culp's Hill and General Doubleday
with the Third division to which the Second Vermont Brigade belonged occupied
a position immediately south of Cemetery Hill, and we marched only a short
distance on the morning of the 2nd which brought us near by and east of
Cemetery Hill. If we had been placed on the right of General Birney's division
of General Sickles' corps as claimed then our early morning march to the east
of Cemetery Hill would have been a mile or more. The Second Vermont
Brigade did not belong with the Third corps and no occasion for our being
placed with them. We did belong with, and had been, with all our might
for seven long weary days marching to overtake and join the First corps to
which we had been assigned, and that was in position on the evening of July ist
nearby and south of the village burying ground which was located on top of
Cemetery Hill, and this place we reached sometime before dark.

General Stannard had made every possible effcort during the day especially
after being informed of the death of our Corps commander, General Reynolds,
and informed by General Doubleday of his desperate situation, and urged to
hurry forward as rapidly as possible to reach the battlefield and join the division
and corps that he had been assigned to on the field. General Doubleday would
not have sent General Stannard a mile away into General Sickles' corps, nor
would General Stannard have submitted to any such disposition of his brigade.
It is a reflection and therefore should not stand as a part of our movement on
that field, though perhaps quite unimportant. It is more likely the 15th regiment
that was with General Birney during the night of July ist, for it came on to the
field with General Sickles' corps and joined our brigade in the early morning of
July 2nd.

On the evening of June 23rd while still on the outer picket line along the
lower Occoquan expecting to move any hour (some thought homeward) and
others to follow in the wake of the army of the Potomac which had passed
us mostly four days before, an important order pregnant with unlooked for
glory and renown reached our brigade and regiment attaching General Stan-
nard's Second Vermont Brigade to the First army corps commanded by that
high spirit and patriotic soldier General John F. Reynolds, urging General
Stannard as soon as the army of the Potomac had passed through his picket '
line to hasten on and join the command then near Gum Springs a few miles
south of Edwards Ferry. The determination and ambition of General Stan-
nard was to fulfil to a letter the orders received and unite his command with
the First corps before the first gun of the impending battle aroused the heroes
of the blue and gray to deadly conflict. And nothing but death or unforseen
contingency would swerve him from strict compliance of such an important
military order, and therefore our brigade joined Doubleday 's division on the
evening of July ist and there remained during the night instead of being on the

()R\"IL1.E CIIOATE, CO, E,
1862.

ORvirxK cnoATE, CO. e,
7900.

BARNEY S. FULEINGTON, CO. Ej
1862.

BARNEY S. FUELINGTON, CO. t,
1904.

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 249

right of General Birney's division of tlie Third corps. General Sickles claimed
that he brought the Vermonters with his corps to the battlefield of Gettysburg,
but this claim was not true only in part as will be noted and explained herein
later. There was confusion everywhere and it could not have been avoided on
that last day's march. An army of 100,000 concentrating in all haste at a
given point and from the same direction through a section of country where
the highways were not adequate for the purpose and all under the direction of
a commander only two days in charge of the great army of the Potomac ac-
counts for delays and confusion. I agree it does not matter much just where
we lay that first night on the battlefield or in whose command we were tem-
porarily located. If lost in the darkness and moving masses on the evening of
our arrival daylight of the second day and the morning salute of the enemy's
cannon found us in the morning on Cemetery Hill surrounded by the several
brigades of our division. When in position east of Cemetery Hill where wt
had moved with our division early in the morning it was evident that a demon-
stration was soon to be made for the picket lines revealed vigilance and activity
of the two armies thus early in the day, and an occasional shrapnel whizzed,
screamed and exploded over and about us, all of which indicated preparation of
the enemy for the delivery of battle somewhere or every where along their five
miles of battle lines, but just when or where was unknown and difficult to judge.

The proximity of Ewell's corps on the north and east of Cemetery Hill
prompted General Mead to prepare for an advance of the enemy against our
right. The First corps was now in command of General Newton and the
Twelfth corps under General Slocum was placed on the extreme right to guard
it, the right wing, against being turned and we driven from position by
General Lee's second corps commanded by General Ewell.

General Mead and his staff were seen rapidly moving from place to place
to be ready for the charge that was expected at any moment. Every corps
except the Sixth had reached the battlefield and were being placed in position,
and before mid-day were quite ready. The defeat and forced retreat of the
previous day determined Mead to prepare fully for a defensive battle. Let us call
attention to our position to which we moved in the early morning just east of
Cemetery Hill where we remained until about 2 o'clock in the afternoon. It
was evident that there was urgent need of placing General Doubleday with his
division here — an attack was expected from General Early and the rapid firing
of the enemy said as much. General Mead was now confident that his position
could be held and maintained against the bold and desperate efforts of General
Lee and his valiant and victorious army, and therefore impatiently waited for
General Lee's delivery of battle. The Second Vermont Brigade was sur-
rounded by veteran troops and receiving its first instruction on a great battle-
field in the art and science of war fully realizing ard comprehending the great
and important consequences that must inevitably follow, victory or defeat to
the cause of the Union or the Confederate states. The army of the Potomac
was not a machine soldiery, for in the hilt of every sword and behind every
gun was the best blood of the nation, and in equal numbers the most intelligent
and best educated and knightly patriotic heroes of the Republic. Not a soldier
boy in the ranks of Stannard's brigade but what was familiar with the record

SUMNER A. ANDREWS, CO- E,
1865.

SUMNER A. ANDREWS, CO- E,
1905.

RANSOM B. GOODEEE, CO. E,
1862.

RANSOM B. GOODELL, CO. E,
1896.

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 251

of valorous deeds on many a bloody field of the old Vermont brigade of the
Sixth corps and now said to himself "I will do my utmost to keep good the
enviable reputation of Vermonters on the field of battle." Actuated by noble
impulses of duty, inspired by ancestral glory, pride of state and nation, love
of home and country and solicitous for the preservation of the Union and
perpetuation of the Republic, Stannard's brigade undaunted by fear boldly,
courageously, and with determination in every look and act steadily moved reck-
lessly, into battle.

General Lee planned an attack for the morning to be delivered by General
Longstreet and Ewell, supported by General Hill against our center and right,
confidently expecting to capture Cemetery Hill and hurl us back in confusion
toward Washington. The army of the Potomac was never better prepared for
a fight, every branch of service well and amply equipped, the officers united
and harmonious, the morale of the army better than ever before, and all, from
General Mead to the humblest drummer boy anxious to try once more the
supreme test of courage, prowess and endurance in battle, and these intensified
conditions General Lee had failed properly to consider, relying more on his
experience with the army of the Potomac and his own military genius, his
veteran officers and soldiers that had never failed him or sufi^ered a humiliated
defeat when he was present.

The boys of the 13th regiment during that long forenoon of anxious sus-
pense while east of Cemetery Hill supporting batteries remained there in battle
line hardly speaking above a whisper and then to some comrade nearby, unless
for permission to leave the ranks for wate^.

The day was hot and water scarce and only obtainable at risk of being
picked off by some sharp shooter, a nearby branch of Rock Creek containing
only pools and holes of dead water and the pure cool spring water of Spangler-
Spring was on the east side of Gulp's Hill in dangerous proximity to Ewell's
battle lines and we therefore sparingly quenched our thirst with the warm,
muddy dead water from the pools and holes nearby. We were cautioned
against approaching Springs within range of sharp shooters, for now a single
soldier was of the utmost value and life must not be lost by unnecessary ex-
posure. The mighty struggle was near at hand and the life of a nation hanging
in the balance and every precaution must be used that we might in the supreme
hour of hand to hand struggle succeed. Not many of our regiment left the
ranks even for water that long forenoon, and all who did quickly returned not-
withstanding the temptation to skulk behind rocks and trees.

There was but little firing in our immediate vicinity, only now and then a
shell whizzed by or exploded in our midst. A few of the boys (who had it)
made coffee and drank that for their breakfast and they were fortunate. It is
said acting quartermaster Chas. Field of the 14th, came on to the field during
the evening of July ist with hard tack and coffee for our brigade. He must
have omitted the 13th or we were asleep when he arrived or marching from
place to place to find our division headquarters. Company K boys of the 13th
say that no rations given out to them until the forenoon of the 4th of July and
then only hard tack. If quartermaster Field had only four wagons of rations
it is quite easy to see that that would hardly make very much of a supply for

LEONARD PORTER r.UTTS, CO. E,
1862.

LEONARD PORTER BUTTS, CO. E,
1906.

■^s.

AMBROSE C. COLLINS, CO. E,
1862.

AMBROSE C. COLLINS, CO. E,
1905.

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 253

three or four thousand hungry soldiers that had been on the march for seven
days and short most of the time. I did not see any of the wagons or have any
of the suppHes. Must have been all given away before Company K was reached.
Even Hi. Smith of Company K, champion forager of our regiment and brigade,
did not hear or scent the rations brought by Quartermaster Field.

Many of us know that we laid down that first night on the field tired and
hungry, and that we woke up in the morning hungry and thirsty, and beside
from what little we brought onto the field in the bottom of our haversacks we
received not even hard tack until after the battle.

We found Colonel Proctor and his boys of the 15th with us when we
reached the east side of Cemetery Hill, having arrived the evening before un-
expectedly and we were glad, for we realized that there was trouble prowing
for our brigade and we were anxious to have all our brigade together. We
soon learned how it happened that the 15th regiment had rejoined us and how
glad they were to be present. The little tilt among certain officers because
Colonel Proctor had succeeded in reaching the field of battle with General
Sickles corps on the evening of July ist as it seemed to us when we learned
of the particulars, uncalled for. General Sickles and Colonel Proctor were
entirely right, under the desperate need of every regiment, especially a full
regiment like the 15th, all good fighters and well officered. There was no press-
ing necessity for two of our regiments, the 12th and 15th to be sent off to
Rock Creek Church to guard wagon trains, and Colonel Proctor so informed
General Sickles who as an experienced officer took the responsibility and said
to Colonel Proctor "No occasion for only one regiment so large to remam to
guard wagon trains, and you fall in with your regiment with my corps and go
with me to the battlefield." The situation on the field demanded the presence
of all available fighting regiments and thus it was that Colonel Proctor with his
regiment reached the field and took his place in our brigade. General Sickles
had interfered with a previous order and some officer was dissatisfied, and
though in the face of the enemy when there was dire urgency for fighting
soldiers, foolishly insisted on the return of the 15th back to Rock Creek church
to guard wagon trains. We were sorry to part company with the 15th regiment
that left us about noon of the second day to return to Rock Creek Church to
guard wagon trains.

Colonel Proctor when interviewed by General Sickles some four miles south
of Gettysburg late in the afternoon of the first day of the battle convinced
General Sickles that there was no occasion for two regiments to remain behind
to guard wagon trains when one would answer just as well and succeeded in
having his regiment ordered by General Sickles to fall in with his corps and
march to Gettysburg. But General Sickles had interfered with somebody's
orders and they did not propose to submit to it and therefore Colonel Proctor
was ordered to take his regiment back to Rock Creek Clnircli. This Colonel
Proctor did not relish and sought the aid of General Stannard for the revoca-
tion of the order to return him and permission to remain with the brigade on
the field of battle, but without success, and at about noon the 15th with Colonel
Proctor at its head took up the line of march by the way they came, back to
Rock Creek Church.

HENRY C. M. SHERWIN, CO. E,
1862.

HENRY C. Ml. SHERWIN, CO. E,

Father and son on the right — 1906.

HENRY E. MUDGETT, CO. E,
1862.

HENRY E. MUDGETT, CO. E,
1906.

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 255

Colonel Proctor was disappointed and his officers, rank and file were all
vexed and justly indignant because compelled to leave the battle lines in the
midst of a fight which they evidently were anxious to take part in. General
Stannard was very anxious to retain on the field the 15th regiment, especially
his stalwart friend Proctor who had served as Quartermaster of the Third
Vermont regiment and Major of the Fifth Vermont regiment and had partici-
pated in the battles of the Peninsular campaign under General McCIellan in the
spring and summer of 1862 and had resigned late in July, 1862 to accept the
Colonelcy of the 15th regiment. General Stannard knew of his soldierly con-
duct and qualifications to handle his regiment and render important service in
his brigade in the great battle then at hand and urged these views to his
superior officers, but without avail, and he reluctantly parted with him more
than vexed with the folly of strict compliance with orders which a change of
drcumstances made it folly to obey.

The 13th, 14th and i6th learned of the manner of the 15th regiment's
arrival and was thankful that four of the five regiments were to fight side by
side in the pending battle, and when at about noon the 15th started to return,
the three remaining regiments were disappointed and sorely vexed. The ex-
planations made failed to satisfy Colonel Proctor or any one else connected with
these Vermont regiments. There is reason for believing that there was foun-
dation to the rumor that General Stannard said after he had failed to secure
a change of the order returning Colonel Proctor with the isth regiment to
guard wagon trains, that he wished the battle would open at once on the right
that he might take his brigade into action before the 15th was actually de-
tached, knowing that would end the controversy till the battle was over and
then it would not matter. It was noticeable that Colonel Proctor was very
deliberate in lining up his regiment to leave the field and did not appear to be
in any great hurry and moved slowly up the slope into the Taneytown Road,
then south crossing the field passing near Little Round Top on his way to the
Emmitsburg Road returning over the same path and road by which he had
reached Gettysburg, but when nearing Devil's Den between Round Top and
Emmitsburg Road a staff officer sent by General Sickles warned him that Em-
mitsburg Road in that direction was in possession of the enemy. This was I
believe a welcome surprise to Colonel Proctor. He however halted his regiment
and sent one of his staff back for orders which were slow in reaching him.

While here waiting for orders as to what direction and course he should
now take General Sickles was preparing to advance the Third corps against
General Longstreet's picket line near the Emmitsburg Road and at the same
time General Longstreet was making careful preparation for a general advance
against our left flank hoping to capture Little Round Top and Cemetery
Ridge and therefore Colonel Proctor and his regiment were silent and in-
terested witnesses to the preliminaries of the desperate battle between General
Sickles and General Longstreet in the afternoon of the second day, and it is said
by Lieutenant Benedict in his history of Vermont in the Civil War that as
Colonel Proctor and his regiment passed over the ridge between the Round
Tops on his way to Rock Creek Church the cannonading which preluded the
opening of the battle July 2nd was seen as well as heard by the 15th regiment.

■-■L^^'-' .t ->---"■!?."

lOTlN H. MUDGKTT, CO. E,
1862.

EDWARD W. CLOUGH, C(l. K,
1890.

LYMAN J. SEELEY, CO. E,
1861.

I.YMAN J. SEELEYO CO. E,
1905.

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 257

It is quite evident that Colonel Proctor in view of the reasons given for refusing
his regiment permission to remain with the Second Vermont Brigade after he
had been brought there by the orders of General Sickles without his fault that
he would now wait for orders before proceeding further hoping some situation
might arise (and there was immediate prospect of it at that hour) that would
take his regiment back to Stannard's brigade, that was sure as he believed to
have a conspicuous part in the struggle then at hand, or to take part with
General Sickles' corps nearby and about to be engaged, with which he reached
the field the evening before. He, Colonel Proctor, evidently was dissatisfied to
return under the existing circumstances.

No doubt Colonel Proctor used all honorable means to reach Gettysburg,
for he knew a great battle w^s inevitable and the struggle would be terrible and
unyielding, and that every soldier that carried a gun would be needed before
the contest ended. Colonel Proctor reached the battlefield of Gettysburg on
the night of July ist, remained with the Third corps until daylight of July 2nd,
and then reported with his regiment to General Stannard, who with his brigade
was then in the valley between Cemetery and Gulp's Hills expecting an attack
from General Ewell's corps every moment. It may be proper to say here that
General Lee's neglect to order Ewell to attack the right wing of the Federal
army early on the morning of the 2nd of July was fortunate for the First corps
and the Second Vermont Brigade, for General Wadsworth with the First divi-
sion was on Gulp's Hill and General John C. Robinson of the Second division
and General Doubleday with the Third division, in which was Stannard's brigade,
occupied the valley between Cemetery and Gulp's Hill with their regiments, and
all (except Stannard's brigade), badly and sadly decimated by the fearful
slaughter of the previous day. In fact both wings of our army on the early
morning of the second day afforded advantageous opportunities for General
Lee's advance at any point except Cemetery Hill. Before noon, however, the
situation had changed, and our forces had arrived and were so placed on
right and left and cannon all along Cemetery Ridge from Ziegler's Grove to
Little Round Top that put us in a condition to fight a successful defensive
battle. I recall with pleasure the disappointment revealed by the faces and
conduct of Colonel Proctor and his brave boys as they marched from our
presence on their way back to guard wagon trains ; to be sure such duty must
be done, but Vermonters never liked such a job and were seldom found doing it.

General Sedgwick of the Sixth corps had reason to say (referring to the
old Vermont brigade), "Put the Vermonters ahead and keep the ranks well
closed up." Very soon after this episode relating to the 15th regiment, and
while Colonel Proctor was still waiting for orders, the sharp cracking of
musketry all along the picket lines and booming of cannon, too, were more
frequent, indicating advancement of battle lines and preparations for the con-
tinuation of the sanguinary struggle of the day.

It was now past noon, as I recall the fact, but the 13th regiment made no
arrangements for a noon day meal, but remained in battle line ready to promptly
obey any orders given. It is said that the desperate and sanguinary battle
between General Sickles and General Longstreet of the second day opened
^between two and four o'clock in the afternoon. It is difficult to keep track of

EDGAR D. WOOD, CO. E,
1862.

EDGAR D. WOOD, CO. E,
1904.

GEORGE B. WHITING, CO. E,
1862.

GEORGE B. WHITING, CO. E,
1906.

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 259

the passing hours in battle, and only from the rising to the setting of the sun is
of consequence as a measure of time in the struggle for victory. Many of us,
however, carried watches but few examined them to mark the exact moment and
hour of the day. More serious and important business demanded and engaged
attention. The cracking of carbines on the advancing picket line, the buzz and
hissing noise of the sharp shooters' bullets and the ricochet of cannon 'balls
bounding along all about us, and the bursting shrapnel overhead quite fully
absorbed our attention. We only noted the passing occurrences in our immediate
locality, watching the aides and orderlies on their foaming steeds galloping over
the field bent on reaching some given point, paying no attention to shot or shell
that filled the air. It must have been near two o'clock in the afternoon when we
realized unusual activity along Seminary Ridge and Emmitsburg Road then
occupied by General Longstreet's and Hill's corps.

About this hour, while our brigade was still in rear of Cemetery Hill in
support, one of the many shells that passed over the hill on its errand of death
and dismay burst in the ranks of the 13th regiment mortally wounding Captain
Merritt B. Williams, of Company G; others also were injured but not as serious-
ly. The author of these pages calls to mind the vivid scenes of this occasion
still fresh in memory. Captain Williams was a schoolmate at Bakersfield
Academy in i860, '61, and '62, and was an intimate and abiding friend, and I
hastened on observing some commotion in the ranks of Company G nearby to as-
certain the cause and found Captain Williams lying on the ground in mortal pain
apparently struggling in the throes of death surrounded by his comrades tenderly
and anxiously rendering every possible attention to revive the fainting hero.
Lieutenant Albert Clark of his company gave him brandy and he opened his
eyes and feebly said, "I am shot and feel as if my last hour had come."
This was indeed sad, but such scenes were common sights before the battle
was over. Captain Williams was placed on a stretcher and carried to a nearby
field hospital for surgical attention. I never expected to see him alive again,
but he lived to return to his native state, town and home where he was affec-
tionately nursed and cared for by loving wife and doting mother and sister dur-
ing long weeks of pain and suffering until death the 27th day of Sept., 1863. His
immortal spirit passed silently and peacefully to the Beyond where sound of
cannon and carnage of battlefield is unknown, and there our brave dear comrade
is watching our coming. I was again at Bakersfield Academy in the fall of
1863 and a frequent visitor at the bedside of Captain Williams and watched
and administered to his wants the last night of his life. His funeral was at-
tended by Colonel Randall, many others of his regiment and we followed his
remains to the city of the dead where we sorrowfully and lovingly paid the
last tribute of respect to this dead hero of the Republic. While Captain Wil-
liams was being carried from that part of the field where he fell, a whole regi-
ment (what was left of it) came running down from the top of Cemetery Hill
to escape the deadly shower of shot and shell that hailed down among them.
They were simply frightened and were seeking cover against danger, regardless
of duty. Our brigade, just previous to this unusual occurrence in front of us,
had been advanced nearer to the base of Cemetery Hill to avoid the numerous
exploding shells that came over the hill and scattered their deadly missiles among

GEORGE M. FARRINGTON, CO. E,
1861-S.

GEORGE M. FARRINGTON, CO. E,
1904.

'm|^

JAMES E. REYNOLDS, CO. E,
1862.

JULIUS D. SAKFORD, CO. E,
1879.

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 26:

us. Colonel Randall placed himself in front of these boys seeking shelter behind
the Hill and checked their stampede and tried to shame them and restore con-
fidence by referring to his boys of the 13th, saying to them loud enough so all
not too far away could hear, pointing to his regiment, "See these boys, they
don't run and they were never in a battle; you ought to be ashamed to run
because a few shells are being fired over this way, better hasten back to your
position on Cemetery Hill." The officers of that regiment, with Colonel
Randall's assistance, induced them to return to their position and back they
went up the hill in good order no doubt feeling ashamed for their momentary
undue weakness and folly. While this episode was pending, orders came from
General Stannard, who was then in charge of infantry supports of the troops on
the left brow of Cemetery Hill, to Colonel Randall to detach five companies of
his regiment and hasten them under command of Lieutenant Colonel Munson to
him on Cemetery Hill. The left wing was thereupon made up uf Companies D,
F, H, I and K, and the same were expeditiously detached and hastily sent to
General Stannard, and by his direction placed in support of a battery on the
west front of Cemetery Hill leaving the other five companies of the regiment,
together with the 14th and i6th regiments, behind the hill where they remained
until late in the afternoon. The author was with the left wing of the 13th on
Cemetery Hill where it remained until later in the day and had no opportunity
to observe what took place behind Cemetery Hill during the rest of the after-
noon. The five companies detached moved directly up the south slope of
Cemetery Hill into the Taneytown Road, marched up the road towards Gettys-
burg village a short distance and filed to the right over a tumbled down stone
wall and took position, at first, in rear of a battery on the very crest of Cemetery
Hill where we were much exposed to enfilading cannonading of the Confederate
batteries west, north and east.

The batteries west and front of our then position occupying a commanding
situation on the east slope of Seminary Ridge distant perhaps one-half mile
and in good range, were evidently handling their guns with great skill, judging
from the accurate and rapid landing of shot and shell about us. Although
during the forenoon while in the rear of Cemetery Hill we had heard and seen
plenty of shell as they whizzed and passed overhead, some exploding near the
ground, but here in our new position there was nothing to protect us save the
stone wall nearby. We of the left wing were on the very top of the hill where
we could see and be seen. It seemed as if we were, when approaching to posi-
tion, marching into the very jaws of death. We were glad when the order was
given to lie down in line of two ranks and there remain without firing until
ordered. This order was obeyed to the letter and no one hesitated. We soon
discovered why there had been a break and scamper down the hill just before
we started for this position. Those boys who came running down the hill,
before we started up, were likely veterans and knew when to run for cover to
escape being shot, without waiting for orders.

It was really a hot place ; every shell evidently exploded where the gunners
in charge of the battery calculated. They were good marksmen, horses were
hit and taken to the rear disabled. The ground plowed up in furrows, the grave
stones nearby tumbled and shattered to the ground, cannoneers killed or wounded

HENRY A. SPARKS, CO. E,
1862.

SIDNEY C. CADY, CO. E,
1862.

SIDNEY C. CADY, CO. E,
1894.

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 263

in quick succession, the pieces of shell fell thick and fast among us, and so
frequently and numerous that some were quite apprehensive of being killed and
prudently hugged the ground and raised neither hand nor foot to unnecessary
exposure. There must have been a large number of cannon concentrating their
fire against the west slope and crest of Cemetery Hill. We of the Second
battalion had not been long here before we observed Generals Doubleday and
Stannard hastily approach and examine the surroundings, evidently expecting,
because of the severity and persistent shelling against Cemetery Hill, that prep-
arations were being made for a charge at that point. The nearby batteries just
across the valley and directly in our front said in the language of a battlefield,
"We will disable those batteries on Cemetery Hill, scatter and frighten the raw
recruits supporting, and then charge and take the hill." And because of these
indications Generals Doubleday and Stannard were on the alert. They did not
seem to pay any attention to the bursting shells or bullets that whizzed about
them, they sought the most elevated position, climbed up and stood on top of
the wall with their field glasses, eagerly surveyed the field from right to left
(the battle lines of both armies were in plain sight from this position) to dis-
cover if any advance of the enemy toward the position in their charge
(Cemetery Hill) was in progress. We watched them closely and noticed that
they held their field glasses in one direction for some moments as if some
movement of the enemy particularly attracted their attention. They dropped
their glasses and pointed across the field and held what appeared to be a hasty
conversation, and then came directly past where we lay in position stopping a
movement to converse with Lieutenant Colonel Munson and then passed down
towards General Stannard's headquarters. This was late in the afternoon and
still the cannons on both sides were as spirited and determined as at first. Some
changes were made. Lieutenant Colonel Munson moved his battalion forward
and close up to and behind the stone fence of the Taneytown Road. We expected
every moment to hear the Rebel yell and see the lines of gray coming up the hill,
and we calculated just how and where we would stand to use bayonets if any
should attempt to scale the wall ; our bayonets had been fixed to guns before
we took position. We had been thoroughly instructed in bayonet drill during
the winter and spring and were ready to take a hand at making or parrying a
thrust if occasion required it. Our position here was of the best to see the
manoeuvering of the troops and the fighting ranks for miles along the battle
lines and on the field of both armies, especially to our left, west of Little Round
Top. The fighting in that locality had been incessant and desperate for hours.
It was in plain view and not over three-fourths of a mile away. We could dis-
tinctly see, (except when too much smoke) as well as hear the continuous roar
of cannon, the rattle of musketry and the yell and cheer as the lines swayed to
and fro, as one side charged and then the other. While intensely watching the
fighting in this direction, endeavoring to ascertain whether we were being driven
back, our attention was called to the fact that a nearby battery had for some
reason suspended firing; only two or three gunners stood beside their guns
steadily gazing across the valley, apparently as fixed in position as the cannon
beside them.

264 I he Thirteenth Regiment J'ennont Volunteers.

Lieutenant Stephen F. Brown of Company K saw the forlorn situation and
hastened to them to ascertain the trouble, (only a few yards away), and after
a brief interview, which we of Company K watched with interest, came running
back and reported lo (-aptain Ulake and suggested assistance aad asked per-
mission to take some of the boys and go up and help them fire the guns of that
battery. Henry Meigs, Smith Decker, Daniel Manahan, James Hagan and
probably others of Company K promptly volunteered, and led by Lieutenant
Brown ran to their assistance. Some carried shells from the Caisson situated
just down the hill, part way up, and the others to the gunners and assisted them
in firing their guns until the chest of that Caisson was empty. Our battalion
heartil)' cheered as our boys actively supported that battery, and enabled it to
send its compliments to the cannoneers across the valley that had slain their
comrades, and for a time silenced the guns of the battery in their charge. Lieu-
tenant Brown and his boys returned to our position safe and sound with powder-
smoked hands and faces. Some had holes and rents in the clothing they wore.
They had a thrilling experience, and which with great animation and pride each
enthusiastically related to his immediate comrades on their return. The author,
as an eye witness to this incident, recalls it as one of the most daring, unusual
and valiant incidents that he witnessed during the battle. I have many times
wondered what those statue-like gunners thought when they first saw Lieu-
tenant Brown approaching them uniformed as an infantry officer with a com-
mon camp hatchet in his right hand swinging it in the air as he leaped, Indian
like, to their side. They must have thought him crazy, or that he belonged to a
regiment of wild Indians from the plains west of the Mississippi.

Lieutenant Brown, as before referred to, carried a hatchet because he had
no sword at the time. He had been for a trivial reason placed under arrest
and deprived of his sword, and therefore was now armed with his comrade's
camp hatchet as a necessity. This incident is mentioned in Benedict's History
of Vermont in the Civil War, also in Colonel Albert Clark's address at the
dedication of the 13th Vermont regimental monument at Gettysburg, and by
the historian in detail in his sketch of personal reminiscences of the battle of
Gettysburg, and need not make further mention in this connection.

It was about the hour that Lieutenant Brown and his boys went to the
assistance of that battery that a regiment or a part of one, came rushing up
the road from towards Gettysburg village not in very good order indicating
that a charge was being made by the Rebs towards our position.

We of the Second battalion were advanced to and filled the breach and
held the position and line that they abandoned. General Ewell's corps was
occupying Gettysburg village and the northwest slope of Cemetery Hill and the
plains west, and had all that day, and made some demonstration to move against
that part of the hill that we occupied about five o'clock in the afternoon.

General Rhodes' division of Ewell's corps and General Fenders' division of
Hill's corps moved out south of Gettysburg village quite near the foot of Ceme-
tery Hill to take part in the general advance that was planned at that hour,
being flushed with some show of success by General Longstreet against our left,
and this situation was discovered by Generals Doubleday and Stannard when
they were near us on top of the stone wall fence.

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. - 265

\'ei-y soon after and about seven o'clock in the afternoon we could see
that our lines way to our left were being slowly driven in though every inch
of ground was desperately held until overwhelmed with Longstreet's solid
columns and his 100 guns in battery. We on Cemetery Hill could plainly see
the battlefield left and south of us and the desperate fighting being waged by
Longstreet on the Rebel right. We saw regiments and brigades hastily moving
from our right wing and double quick across the field to the support of our
battle lines in front of General Longstreet, and the numbers and haste indicated
a desperate need of immediate help to prevent Longstreet breaking through and
possibly capturing Cemetery Ridge and Hill. Among those we noticed, that
passed in our immediate rear into the Taneytown Road just south of our then
position was the Second Vermont Brigade with Colonel Randall of the 13th in
the lead, moving rapidly down the road, passing General Mead's headquarters
into the field beyond, up over the ridge in the direction of our left center that
appeared from our observation to be in great danger.

\\'e of the Second battalion recognized our Colonel by the familiar colored
horse he rode. It was a pretty sight, flags fluttering in the breeze, bayonets
glistening in the setting sun as they passed. We saw them disappear down the
hill into the valley in the direction where only a few moments before we heard
the Rebel yell which told us of a charge and hand to hand combat. We knew
our brigade had been ordered in great haste because of the manner it crossed
the fields, we also saw distinguished officers riding over the fields leading columns
of soldiers in the same general direction, and in fact the most sanguinary fight-
ing was evidently to our front and left in the vicinity of Emmitsburg Road
west of Little Round Top near the Peach Orchard, and here the awful carnage
continued until almost dark.

The most of us, including rank and file, were well informed as to the army
on both sides on that day, and where located, and also with the battles fought
and the commanders on both sides. Generals Lee, Longstreet, Ewell, Hill,
J. E. B. Stuart of the Confederate armies were quite as familiar to us as
Generals Mead, Reynolds, Sedgwick, Sickles, I-foward, Hancock, Doubleday,
Pleasanton and were pretty well acquainted with the results of the battles thus
far fought, and who the fighting officers were and the corps each commanded in
the two great armies. We, in fact, were quite familiar as to what had been
accomplished and by whom up to Gettysburg; that the army of Virginia had
fought many battles with the army of the Potomac and victorious in all except
Antietam, and that was about an even drawn battle. The battles of Chancel-
lorsville were fresh in mind and our defeat there was humiliating. The death
of Stonewall Jackson was a severe blow to the Confederate side, but likely
was an incident that saved the Potomac army from greater loss in killed
wounded and captured on that inglorious field.

We were in the army as common soldiers but most were intelligent and
read and thought and talked of but little else besides war, so the history of
each of the commanding officers and the part they had taken were very familiar
to the rank and file of the Second Vermont Brigade, and the boys of the 13th
had a pretty good understanding of the manoeuvering and fighting of armies
and why the advantage was first with one side and then with the other. Every

CAPT. I,UCIUS H. liOSTWICK, CO. f,
1863.

LIEUT. JUSTIN NARAMORE, CO. F,
1880.

LIEUT. ARNOLD C. FAY, CO. F,
1863.

LIEUT. ARNOLD C. FAY, CO. F,
1906.

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 267

one knew that General Lee was one of the greatest of mihtary leaders and that
Generals Longstreet, Hill, Ewell and Stuart were his bold, daring, cool headed
corps commanders. We knew that General Longstreet as a matter of course
commanded the right wing of the Confederate army in this battle and Ewell
the left and Hill the center, and therefore at Gettysburg we did not need to
inquire who was making the attack against our left, right or center. The most
able, experienced and successful general always took charge of the right wing
in every battle, and so when the battle raged with such boldness and fury on
our left in the afternoon of the second day, all knew who was in command of
the Rebel columns in that part of the battlefield. It was equally true that
General Ewell was in command of the left wing of Lee's army and that General
Ambrose P. Hill the center, and our officers from General Mead down knew
with whom they must contend in any part of the field.

The Confederate army of Northern Virginia consisted of only three army
corps of infantry and one of cavalry with artillery attached to each, but the
army of the Potomac had marshalled on the field of Gettysburg seven army
corps of infantry and one of cavalry with artillery attached to each, but it must
be remembered that General Lee had a less number of corps in his army but
more brigades in each division, so that his three army corps of infantry were
in numbers almost equal to General Mead's seven army corps at Gettysburg,
but General Lee's artillery outnumbered General Mead on that field of battery
at any time during the battle and because of the advantage of ground could
place more guns in battery along his position on Seminary Ridge than was
posible for General Mead, whose battle lines were shorter and on the inside of
the semi-circle and more cramped and on uneven ground, more difficult to
secure proper range, and at the same time protection against unnecessary ex-
posure or probable capture, and in this respect General Lee had the advantage ;
experience had taught him that an army of 100,000 could be handled at a better
advantage and with greater celerity when divided up into three corps instead
of more. He had only three corps commanders and General J. E. B. Stuart
of the cavalry to give orders to while General Mead had seven besides one of
cavalry and reserve-artillery. General A'lead was fighting a defensive battle of
necessity and fortunately had secured an almost impregnable natural position
on which to fight it. As bef®re stated we saw our brigade pass over the field
and down into the valley of Plum Run on the double quick and therefore
knew a breach had occurred or our lines there, were in imminent danger ; and
while we were intensely watching with the endeavor to learn the cause and
what had become of our brigade an order came to Lieutenant Colonel Munson
to follow with his command (Companies D, F, H, I and K) the brigade to the
front battle line on the left of the center in the same direction taken by Colonel
Randall with the First battalion of the 13th regiment. We obeyed this order
very promptly, and I am sure not one desired to remain longer on Cemetery
Hill in support of batteries where shot and shell filled the air momentarily ex-
pecting to repulse or make a charge. It has been well said that it requires
more courage and firmness to support a battery when hotly assailed by the
enemy than to be more actively engaged on the firing line. This movement
of our brigade was near the hour of seven o'clock in the afternoon and after

SERCT. I^UCIUS M. BOOTH, CO. F,
1862.

SERGT. LUCIUS M. BOOTH, CO. P,
1906.

T:iS3:^*^^;5«sasMfiSftas»sfr^t.:;iii«aea«j«vKfi

CORP. I.ONDUS F- TERRILL, CO. F,
1862.

CORP. LONDUS F- TERRILL, CO. F,
1905-

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 269

General Hancock had taken charge of the Third corps and General Sickles had
been wounded and as near as I can judge Companies D, F, H, I and K, followed
over the same course that had been taken by our brigade only a few moments
before. We of the Second battalion may have been thirty minutes behind the
First battalion. I do recall the impressive fact that when we left the Taney-
town Road and struck across the field, as we ascended up over the crest of
Cemetery Ridge that the cannoneers of one of the batteries across the valley
sent their shell plowing right through our marching columns, exploding among
the ranks of Company K, knocking over and injuring quite a number, which
inclined us to hasten down the hill toward the enemy into a more protected
position and not so much exposed by a hundred or more cannon along the
crest of Seminary Ridge.

We knew other troops were with us on this charge from Cemetery Hill
over to the left center where our line had been broken, and occupied by some of
General Wright's brigade of General Hill's corps, but whether of Doubleday's
division or some of General Hancock's brigades who were in that part of the
field cannot now say. We reached the broken lines in season to welcome
Colonel Ras<3all and the other five Companies, A, B, C, E and G, who had at
the request of General Hancock charged down the slope and secured the cannon
that General Wright had captured and was attempting to haul off to a position
within his lines. Colonel Randall was not satisfied with this bold and daring
deed of the enemy, his horse had been shot and he injured by the fall, and he
was mad and, looking ahead, could see the enemy in and near the Emmits-
burg Road behind fences and buildings and being now down in the valley,
though he had no direct orders to advance, did not like the way those up behind
the fences and buildings were firing bullets into the ranks of his brave little
band some distance in advance of the front battle lines, and without consider-
ing consequences gave the order forward, double quick march, and on they
went Colonel Randall and Captain Lonergan in the lead, side by side, and
reached the Emmitsburg Road without losing a man. The Rebs retreated and
in haste took refuge behind the fences and buildings along the Emmitsburg
Road.

We of the Second battalian. Companies D, F, H, I and K reached the
broken lines about the same time that Colonel Randall returned with prisoners
captured in the vicinity of the Rogers House, now between sundown and dark.
Just how far out between the lines the Johnnies had hauled our captured
cannon or how many re-taken or if Rebel guns captured and where and how
far Colonel Randall and his brave boys of the First Battalion, Companies A, B,
C, E and G, advanced after re-taking the cannon and just where they captured
prisoners and how many were taken and who of the company or officers
rendered most conspicuous and daring service your Historian is not able to
say, for he was not present with these companies being in Company K of the
Second battalion, and only knows from what was said after we of the Second
battalion reached the broken lines and heard the boys tell the details of that
most thrilling and valiant charge immediately after they returned and took
position in the line that our brigade had been called to restore and occupy.

CHARLES H. DUNTON, CO. f,
1862.

CHARLES H. DUNTOX, CO. F,
1906.

CALEB P. NASH, CO. F,
1862.

CALEB P. NASH, CO. F,
1906.

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 271

The position out where they went and how far none seemed able to tell
with any certainty, each one relating some individual part, in the advance, —
who reached the cannon first, and hauled them back and what companies sur-
rounded the building in which the Rebels fired on them as they approached, was in
doubt, it was on a charge and excitement prevailed, some said they went across
and beyond the Emmitsburg Road in pursuit of the retreating battle lines of
General Wright and Perry's brigade or some other regiments of General
Anderson's brigade and how many fell as they fired into their frightened lines
could not be told. Some said Colonel Randall and Captain Lonergan were
first at the guns, and others said that Sergeant Scott of Company G was the
first to lay hands on the cannon.

From all that was then and there said, and the rather conflicting stories
told (for each vied with the other in giving a glowing account of all that
happened in that brief twenty, or thirty minutes while thus engaged), being
well acquainted with Captain Lonergan's logy run and Sergeant Scott's fleet
of foot so many times seen in camp and drill am inclined to think it highly prob-
able that Sergeant Scott was the first man that reached and laid hold of our
captured cannon. One thing is certain there were only two in our regiment
that could outrun Sergeant Scott, and neither of these belonged to the First
battalion, and for one I need no further evidence than what was there told to
convince me that Sergeant Scott of Company G was the dashing hero that
led all the rest on this bold and daring run for the guns, and to him I cheerfully
give the glory for reaching the goal first, and while there was enough glory
for all in this incident and much to spare let Sergeant Scott head the list until
better evidence shall change this claim. And what Sergeant Scott done on the
following day as Sergeant in charge, in building a breastwork out of fence rails
in the immediate front of our regiment in an open field exposed to sharp shooters
and shell is further corroborative evidence of his prowess on that field when-
ever and wherever opportunity opened the way. More, Sergeant Scott has
alvvays and still claims that he was first at the guns expecting every second
that because in the lead to be instantly shot by the Johnnies who determinedly
held on to the guns until our boys reached the moving wheels and with vengeance
in their eyes released their hold and run for their comrades who were tumbling
over the Emmitsburg Road fence and down behind it to escape the bullets
our fellows were sending after them. Had I no other evidence would con-
fidently accept Sergeant Scott's word, and record it, as a fact connected with
this daring deed in the capture of guns in the face of a numerous and victorious
foe.

The author was with companies D, F, H, I and K on Cemetery Hill under
Lieutenant Colonel Munson from about three p. m. until near sundown and
did not see only at a distance the gallant charge of Companies A, B, C, E and G
led by Colonel Randall and therefore cannot give the details as if with them,
but from what I saw and was fully described to me then by Scott, Willett, and
others the statements here made are correct.

It will be remembered that as the Second battalion of our regiment in its
charge from Cemetery Hill ascended the ridge our right flank was exposed to
a raking fire and that cannon balls and shell fell thick and fast about and

SILAS J. ROWELL, CO. 1',
1864.

SILAS T- ROWELI,, CO. F,

1906.

ALBERT WALSTON, CO. F,
1862.

ALBERT WALSTON, CO. F,
1906.

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 273

among us, plowing up the ground and moving down our ranks as if we were
targets of the consentrated fire of all the belching cannon in the Rebel line.
It was about this very spot where Colonel Randall's gray charger fell with its
gallant rider leading on to recover captured cannon. It was on this charge poor
John Mollo of Company K had a hot invitation from the scenes of strife and car-
nage to the fields of peace and calm repose, and loudly called on Captain Blake as
a solid shot came bounding along and struck a stone that Mollo had placed his
foot upon and said "Captain Blake, I am killed sure, help." Captain Blake
turned and saw all that had happened, took in the situation and discovered that
poor Mollo was badly frightened but not dangerously and said "You are all
right Mollo, come on, hurry up." Mollo thought he was hurt, threw down
his gun and up his hands and cried for help. He no doubt was much frightened
and sank to the ground not like a wounded soldier but like one who was afraid.
We did not stop to investigate, for we were on a charge. His tentmate Jerry
Vincelette, did go to his relief and as I thought on the following day was glad
of an opportunity to help his comrade Mollo to some retired place where there
was less danger. I saw the spent shell as it came bounding along over the
ridge, throwing the dirt high in the air as it hit the ground expecting it would
explode before it reached our line.

The next day after the battle was over and General Lee said to be on the
retreat, Mollo returned safe and sound and could not show a mark where in-
jured. Mollo was half and half Indian and French and was anxious (too much
so) to return to his hunting and fishing grounds on the banks of the Missisquoi
where he had left his wife and numerous children. His first inquiry on re-
turning was "Where can I find some pork and hard tack, and when do we
discharge for home", and when assured the battle was over he was happy.
Just after the occurrance of the above incident I noticed that Captain Blake
had been hit on the leg below the knee and called his attention, and he looked
and quickly placed his hand on the spot and as quickly withdrew it saying "No
stains of blood", looked up and smiled and said "That was a close call, I did not
feel it, when did it happen?" We knew it occurred on that charge between
Cemetery Hill and the place where we discovered it. It is true a part of his left
leg had been carried away by a shell or a piece of one on that charge, but
fortunately it was a part of his trousers leg and nothing more. A strip just
below the knee three inches by five cut out as clean and regular as by a tailor's
shears. The captain speculated somewhat on his fortunate escape and realized
too how close the mortal call.

Captain Blake, as Surgeon Nichols appeared, reported and exposed his
wounded leg (trouser's leg) and asked for an examination. Surgeon Nichols
saw and heartily laughed at the joke. Captain Blake did not try to hide or
repair the rent that exposed considerable leg, and he was a very modest man,
but wore it as it was cheerfully replying to all inquiries made as to how it
happened. Evidently the Captain was proud of the exposure. He wore the
leg as it was, back home and for many years the trousers with sword and scarf
were hung on the wall and zealously guarded as mementoes of his military
career. The sword and scarf still adorn the Captain's modest home and are

AI<FRED W. ISHAM, CO. F,
1862.

AI<FRED W. ISHAM, CO. F,
1893-

Ezra m. isham, co. f,
1862.

GEORGE ANDERSON PINE, CO. F,
1863.

i

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 275

the pride and joy of numerous children and grandchildren to whom he tells
the story of the battle of Gettysburg.

On the last day of battle Captain Blake and the author came very near
losing their legs as I will relate elsewhere in the incidents of that day.

We reached the breach in our left center line, that some of the regiments
of General Anderson's division had made, about sundown and were soon joined
by Colonel Randall with the First battalion from which we had been separated
about four hours while on Cemetery Hill supporting batteries. We welcomed
them back from their charge across the valley and to the Emmitsburg Road
with hearty cheers, as they returned with the prisoners they had captured. It
was now growing dark, the struggles of the day were over except on our right
near Gulp's Hill, and all was quiet save now and then the crack of a gun on the
picket line, and the moaning of the wounded and dying that lay scattered over
the field around us.

While the 13th regiment of Stannard's Brigade had been called to im-
portant and responsible positions during the day and had filled them with
conspicuous bravery and success, charging General Longstreet's Confederate
columns that broke through our lines at the close of the day recovering our
captured cannon and many prisoners and driving the foe from our front back
across the valley and beyond Emmitsburg Road to Seminary Ridge, and yet
though the honors of battle during this day were more equal than the first day,
the advantage as a whole was greatly with General Lee.

We had not lost a single position of any importance and had in just the
nick of time planted our cannon on Little Round Top and held it against the
desperate and repeated assault of Generals McLaws and Hood's divisions of
General Longstreet's corps composed of the legions from Georgia, Alabama,
Mississippi and South Carolina who came very near turning our left flank.
The fact must not be overlooked here, however, that General Lee had been
all day long pressing forward his battle lines with great skill and persistent
efifort. Fortunate indeed for the army of the Potomac that we occupied a
strong natural position, otherwise our Generals would have found it difficult
to have held their positions. Though the fighting for the day was over, except
on our extreme right where the roar and rattle of musketry and boom of cannon
told us that another attempt was being made to storm and carry Gulp's Hill
under the cover of darkness in order to escape the deadly cannonading that
had during the late afternoon swept the charging columns of Generals Jubal A.
Early and Johnson's division of Ewell's corps from the field hurling them back
within their protected lines and supports with awful slaughter when they sought
to occupy Cemetery Hill and Gulp's Hill and the valley between. We had only
a brief hour before left that locality and for hours had seen and experienced
the infilading fire of Ewell's artillery. We saw many troops passing from our
rear while on Cemetery Hill crossing the Taney town Road over to the left
center where General Longstreet was pressing hard against our battle lines of
infantry and artillery in the locality now known as the Peach Orchard, and we
knew our right had been weakened to protect the left and center, for our
brigade and others of Doubleday's division left Cemetery Hill and its slopes
about seven in the afternoon to fill a breach and check the enemy's progress.

FIFER FREDERICK A. SLATER, CO. F,
1864.

ElFER FREDERICK A. SLATER, CO. F,
1904.

BYRON D. MATTHEWS, CO. F,
1863.

I BYROX D. MATTHEWS, CO. F.
1904.

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 277

So we were apprehensive at the continuous rattle of musketry long after sun-
down over on our right. Our regiment expected orders every moment to return
back to our right which was in charge of General Newton, that is, our brigade
and division and corps was in charge of General Newton.

After the fighting was over along the line we came over to restore, and
our regiment was again all together, an inquiry was sent out by Colonel Randall
to the several Captains of his regiment to ascertain the casualties of the day.
Quite a number had been seriously injured but none reported killed. Corporal
Skinner of Company K who was one of the color guard, and therefore with
Company C was reported shot and left on the field near the Emmitsburg Road
not far from the Rogers House, so called. Captain Blake called for volunteers
to go out in search of corporal Skinner, and Sergeant James Halloway and
private R. O. Sturtevant at once went across the valley to the Emmitsburg
Road governed in their course by Captain Coburn's directions, and searched
as best we could the battle ground in and behind buildings and wherever we
thought a wounded soldier might be. We, Halloway and myself (for it was
fast growing dark), and though our search was vigilant, did not find our
missing Corporal. We found numerous dead and wounded of both armies on
our journey. The buildings at the Rogers House were crowded with the
wounded, some dead and others in the last struggle of life side by side and most
of them were of the Rebel army. Our examination here was brief for we
wore the blue and were a little timid and apprehensive that some wounded Rebel
might in desperation satisfy his vengeance by shooting us. We had heard how
a wounded Rebel while lying on the ground fired at Major Boynton just after
he passed him on the charge, and we hastened out of the building and con-
tinued into the fields west of Emmitsburg Road for some distance until halted
by a sharp shooter who inquired where we were going, and on being told said,
"Better go no further in that direction, for the Johnny Rebs are only a few
rods away, it is not safe to be roaming about here, none of our boys charged
out so far." We hastily retraced our steps back to the road, but we were not
now able to see the position from which we had started because dark. It was
soon evident that we were too far south. The field here was thickly covered
with the dead and wounded of both the gray and the blue and that we must
be on the ground where we saw from our position on Cemetery Hill the desperate
fighting near this locality about six o'clock. The moanings and imprecations
of the wounded and dying, their pleadings for water and assistance were hard
to endure, impossible to but faintly describe the horrid scenes of a battlefield
just after a battle is over, only those who have seen and heard can realize the
awful condition where thousands are slain and wounded and the living mangled
and torn, suffering with pain and crying for help demanding your attention as
you pass over the field. Because of the many entreaties so pathetically made
our progress back to position was slow. All were strangers, and yet humanity
led us to succor as far as possible. I stop here to mention only one of the
incidents to illustrate our experience on the battlefield that night. It was a
young man not more than twenty-two and as I recall belonged to a Georgia
regiment. He had been shot through both legs above the knees in the charge
during the afternoon and had laid there on the field for hours as the battk

i#l

WII,I.IAM F. WHITNEY, CO. F,
1862.

JAMES PATTEN, CO. E,
1862.

ELI N. PECK, CO. E.
1905.

CORNELIUS S. PALMER, CO. F,
1900.

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 279

raged and the solid lines moved forward and backward to the advantage of
Dne side and then the other tramping over him as they passed. He wore the
uniform of a southern soldier and declared his home was in Georgia, that he
had father and mother and brothers and sisters and a happy home, that he had
been in battle before but none so terrible. His agony and pleadings removed
every thought of a foe and appealed to our humanity. We gave him water
and tried to carry him from the field. He showed us the butt of his gun that
he had placed at his head to guard against further injury, however, a bullet hit
and broke it into pieces but protected his head, and for the time saved his life.
His pressing request was to be taken from the field, for said he "The battle is
not over, there will be awful fighting here to-morrow and I do not want to be
run over and crushed to death by horses feet and cannon wheels. We made
a stretcher out of our shelter tent and tried to carry him, but he could not
endure the pain in that position. Then, we, one on each side attempted to
carry him in an upright position, but his wounds were serious and he could
not stand the pain, and at his request we moved him a little ways where the
dead were not so near and thick, made him as comfortable as possible and
cheered him with the hope that an ambulance would find and take him to our
hospital for surgical care before morning. This brave young hero appeared to
be well born and quite intelligent and inquired if we were Masons. He evident-
ally belonged to that order, and when he learned that I was a member he more
freely told me of his home life, and soldier life, the part he had taken on that
field and the regiment, brigade and . division to which he belonged, claimed his
corps commander was General Longstreet. We stretched forth our hands to
help this unfortunate soldier as freely and anxiously as if a comrade of our
own regiment, forgetting that he was at the time a misguided enemy of our
country.

Sergeant Halloway and myself finally reached our regiment tired and de-
jected and sorrowful. We had passed over a battlefield in the night thickly
strewn with the dead and wounded, an awful experience that can never be
effaced from memory. On our return Captain Blake said Corporal Skinner
was all right, and not dangerously wounded, that he had walked in from the
field where he was shot and passed to the rear for surgical attention.

The far spent minnie ball that felled him struck the center of the buckle
of his waist belt making a deep depression in it, and the buckle saved his life,
but left discolored flesh on his person beneath the buckle which he showed his
comrades after the battle was over.

Corporal Skinner was the son of a Methodist Minster and therefore
believed in Providential intervention, and that for some good reason his life
was thus spared. In this belief he was sincere. He cherished the buckle as
the armor of defense that saved him from death on the battlefield, and this
thrilling incident in the life of Corporal Skinner has ever been cherished and
by him feelingly told around the home fireside and at camp fires since the war.
These incidents are here mentioned because they make up a part of our reg-
imental history, not for the purpose of illustrating any unusual prowess or
bravery.

WILLIAM M. NARAMORE, CO. F,
1863.

Lieut. Searles of Co. I, on the right.

WILLIAM M. XARAMORE, CO. F,
1905.

C.VSSIl'S M. BOOTIi, CO. F,
1863.

CASSU'S M. BOOTH, C(X 1>,
1902

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 281

The second day of the battle was over and the 13th Vermont had had an
unusual experience considering that they had never before taken active part
and mingled in the deadly struggle of securing victory by killing their fellow-
men. We fully comprehended the savagery of war and realized what General
Sherman said of it in his letter to the Mayor of Atlanta, Ga., that it was "hell."

This day was occupied with desperate fighting all along the battle lines of
both armies, but not until afternoon did the fury of the storm reach its climax.
General Longstreet against our left, General Hill our center and General Ewell
the extreme right and language is too tame to describe the sanguinary struggle
in many places during that long afternoon.

The 13th Vermont displayed in a high degree the characteristics of good
soldiers, and fully performed their part in the several important and trying
positions called to fill during the day. Vermonters had gained a reputation as
hard fighters with staying qualities and General Stannard who commanded them
was known to the corps commanders as of the bravest and best in battle which
facts doubtless accounted for our being called to Cemetery Hill by General
Stannard to fill a breach and support a battery, and by General Hancock to
charge and take our guns that had been captured by General Wright's brigade.

Those quite prominent positions that we were called to fill during the day
when the great battle was in its most critical position and desperate struggle
(we being raw troops) was a great compliment to the Green Mountain boys
that fought on that field and that it gave us an unusual opportunity of making
a conspicuous reputation and winning imperishable honor as soldiers.

The exigency of the field of battle brought us under two corps commanders
Generals Newton and Hancock, and in one instance the vmusual happened,
namely, when General Hancock then being in command of two corps, his own
(the Second) and General Sickles', (the Third), and personally gave orders to
Colonel Randall of the 13th regiment and sent him down into the valley after
cannon that were being drawn by the enemy towards their battle lines.

The 13th regiment was ever proud of such conspicuous attention and for
being called upon to charge into an open field between the battle lines of the
two armies to perform a desperate and what appeared to be a forlorn hope.
The cannons were captured and restored and Colonel Randall personally
thanked then and there by General Hancock for his brave and valorous deeds.
Being sent to occupy the breach in General Hancock's line on the left center
brought our brigade into that part of the field and under General Hancock,
where we remained until the battle was over. Our position was now on the
left center in the Second corps under General Gibbon. The Third corps was
now in command of General Birney, General Sykes the Fifth corps and General
Sedgwick of the Sixth corps on our left, and in support General Howard of the
Eleventh corps. General Newton with a part of the First corps and Genera]
Slocum of the Twelfth corps on our right in the order here mentioned.

The several engagements of the day had been sanguinary and the struggle
fierce, and we of the 13th was so absorbed with the scenes about us and so
apprehensive as to consequences that none thought of food or water until night
fall. The continuous fighting at different sections of our battle lines and the
changes and activity of our regiment and brigade during this second day of the

ALONZO H. SHERMAN, CO. f,
1862.

AI,ONZO H. SHERMAN, CO. E,
1905.

f

BERTRAM E. BROWN, CO. F,
1862.

BERTRAM E. BROWN, CO. F,
19OI.

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 283

battle did not create much of an appetite for hard tack and coffee, (and it was
well for we had none). On our immediate left and only a few rods away was
a large flowing spring and from its cooling waters we quenched our thirst dur-
ing the night and filled our canteens before day light for the coming day, and
here on the front battle line we laid down to rest on our arms and slept for the
second night on the field of awful carnage and great slaughter surrounded by
thousands of the dead and wounded. We realized that the coming of another
day would open a renewal of the contest for victory. We were nearly ex-
hausted and gladly obeyed the order to lie down and rest for the night. Our
thoughts were of home and friends and whether we should ever return, and
our dreams were of the hand to hand struggle in battle, and yet we slept the
sleep of the tired and weary soldier and our last conscious thoughts and prayers
were victory on the morrow and that we should not be left among the numerous
dead on that gory field of strife.

The reveille that awoke us on the early worning of the third and last day
of battle was the martial music of General Longstreet's booming cannon now
pointed along the low ridge that he gained the afternoon before. We could
plainly see the flash of powder and puff of smoke and then hear the horrid
crash and crack of exploding shell as they passed over or fell among us, and
very soon it seemed as if everyone of the 250 guns in battery from right to
left were firing a morning salute as if warning us to be up and ready for they
were eager to renew the combat and would not brook any delay.

The cannonading from General Longstreet's artillery continued for an hour
or more with deadly affect, for our battle lines in front of General Longstreet's
numerous cannons were on the west slopes of Cemetery Ridge mostly in plain
view of the enemy, but flat on the ground to avoid so far as possible the explod-
ing shell of the foe. Their nearest batteries were less than nine hundred yards
away. Our batteries along Cemetery Ridge from Ziegler's Grove and up to and
upon Little Round Top vigorously replied with telling effect, and those on
Little Round Top had an admirable and commanding position and opened with
a raking fire on General Longstreet's long line of cannon in plain view, which
must have convinced the enemy that we too were up and on the alert and pre-
pared for any thing they had to offer, and accepted their early morning challenge
with ardent hope of victory. Our brigade was partially concealed by the copse
to our left and the tumbled down stone wall in our front.

The 13th regiment which was on the right of our brigade hugged the ground
close up to the stone wall, and the most tidy of the boys gave no heed to the
soft muddy ground that now soiled their hitherto trim looking uniforms. We
were not now out on dress parade for show, but on a field of battle where life
was our vigilant care and death and wounds to be avoided by every reasonable
care and protection, and such were our orders and we were told not to move
about until called upon to do so. It was fool hardy to stand erect and expose
ones self to sharp shooters ; commanding officers and their staffs, aides and
orderlies as a matter of duty moved about and over the field everywhere at all
times, wherever and whenever duty called regardless of danger, not in reckless
display of courage, but to fulfil to the uttermost the duty of the hour. We
watched with wonder and pride the cool and deliberate conduct of officers during

JULTUS RLISS, CO. F,

1863.

JUI,IUS BI,ISS, CO. P,
1906.

DRUMMER, HALL W. WOODWORTH, CO. F,
1862.

FRANCIS VOLTAIRF RANDAI,!, JR.^
1863.

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 285

the hours of cannonading, and we of the rank and file did not care to change posi-
tions with them. General Stannard apparently paid no attention to exploding
shell or whizz of bullet, and moved about in the direction of duty, carefully
watching the enemy and giving directions that his brigade might be ready to
promptly respond to any call. His eagle eye saw every movement within his
range, and his intelligence and intuitive military knowledge and experience quick-
ly comprehended the stragetic point of contact and advantage.

After a while General Longstreet's guns on our left and front ceased firing,
but those on our extreme right near Gulp's Hill, Rock Greek and the Baltimore
pike continued with such persistent energy as to indicate an advantage o[
General Ewell's veteran columns against our right.

General Mead had comprehended the purpose of the enemy the evening
before when they took advantage of our withdrawing troops from our right to
protect our left and center against General Longstreet's persistent and desperate
assaults to break through and reach Gemetery Ridge, and General Mead had
during the night made due preparations to hold his position on the eastern slopes
of Cemetery Hill along the valley to Gulp's Hill and on the north and east
slopes of Gulp's Hill and the banks of Rock Greek to Baltimore pike and was
ready for business at daylight, and as soon as Longstreet's artillery announced
to General Ewell that all was ready, and to commence the pre-arranged attack.
General Williams then in command of the 12th corps opened the day and battle
with his artillery against General Johnson's division who was about to move
against our right flank It was a great surprise to Generals Johnson and Early
who were fully prepared and confidently expected to capture Gulp's Hill, turn
our flank and by the Baltimore pike to reach our rear. General Mead was on
the alert and fully alive to every part of the field and failed not to understand
General Lee's plan of battle and points of probable attack, and strengthened his
lines and positions accordingly and as will be seen was fully prepared at every
point for the supreme effort of the day.

The Sixth corps had arrived and had taken position on our extreme left
in rear of Big Round Top to protect our left flank and support any part of the
field that occasion might require.

General Mead's army of the Potomac was now all up on the battlefield in
position and ready to cross swords with General Lee and his veteran army of
Northern Virginia. The morale of both armies was never better and the rank
and file of each were full of hope and confident of victory. General Mead had
been in command only four days and yet the boldness of decision and consummate
skill and ability with which he mastered the essential details and manoeuvering
of his forces inspired his associate officers with great confidence which gave
promise of complete vanquishment of the Rebel host. General Mead had fought
in the army of the Potomac under General McGlellan in the Peninsular campaign,
at Bull Run, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Maryes Heights, Chancellorsville and
hence was quite famiHar with General Lee's ways of fighting battles, whereas
General Mead was a new Gommander of the great army of the Potomac and
of his ability to manoeuvre and fight General Lee had no knowledge and could not
anticipate General Mead's probable course further than certainty of fighting
whenever opportunity offered.

HORACE I.. ELSWORTH, CO. F,
1862.

"i I I ifUMWl.

JULIUS J. MORSE, CO. F,
1862.

MONTRAVILLE ROSS, CO. F,
1862.

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 287

General Lee was doubtless disappointed when he learned of General
Hooker's removal and General Mead taking his place at Frederick City, Mary-
land on the evening of June 28th, and thereupon issued orders to Generals Hill
and Ewell to face about and move hastily back and consentrate in the vicinity of
Gettysburg.

A new commander was now in charge and directing the army of the
Potomac and he, General Lee, must be more careful until better acquainted with
his ability to successfully handle and fight a great army. As before stated the
cannonading opened before sunrise on our immediate left and front by Long-
street's batteries directed against our cannon on Cemetery Ridge from Little
Round Top to Cemetery Hill, also against our battle lines of infantry in front
and support of our batteries.

The 13th was more exposed to Longstreet's early morning salute because
further up the slope and in plainer view than the 14th and i6th regiments who
were further down the slope to our left protected by bushes, small trees and
rocks.

The shell from the enemy and from our own guns passing over our heads
screeching as they passed and the occasional meeting of shell in mid air bringing
both to the ground to explode made our position, though somewhat protected by
the old tumbled down stone wall in front, a very interesting place to observe,
hear, and feel the effect of battle. The pieces of exploded shell that fell and
struck the damp ground all around inclining the boys to move a few inches this
way or that way and flatten out and hug the ground was rather skittish sur-
roundings, but we were becoming use to H and remained pretty quiet and carried
on conversation without lifting heads or hands above the tumbled down stone-
wall that partially protected us.

The experience of the previous day warned all that such cannonading
presaged preparation for advancement as soon as the shelling ceased, and thus
we waited for about two hours and witnessed a hot and lively duel between the
miles of cannon stretched in almost parallel lines along Seminary Ridge and
Cemetery Ridge perhaps a half a mile apart. The cannon on our left and front
stopped as suddenly as they commenced, and then we eagerly watched for the
expected advance and charge, but no solid lines of gray appeared and only the
increased firing on the picket line indicated that General Longstreet was endeavor-
ing to secure an advantageous position for his infantry to make a dash across
the valley and with that awful yell and glistening bayonets send consternation
among our serried battle lines. We watched, waited and listened to the more
distant thunder of cannon and roar of musketry over on our right near Gulp's
Hill and watched the curling clouds of smoke constantly ascending from the
hills and valleys between the eastern slopes of Cemetery Hill, Gulp's Hill and
along Rock Creek to Baltimore pike and we knew full well that for the time
the objective point and principal delivery of battle was in that locality where
General Ewell had advanced his lines under the cover of darkness the evening
before and our officers said that Generals Early and Johnson's division were
endeavoring to carry Cemetery and Gulp's Hill, but that Generals Churtz, Carrol,
Robinson, Wadsworth, Greene, Geary, Colgrove and others of Generals Howard's
and Newton's and Slocum's corps would be able to hold that part of the field

288 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers.

and satisfy Early and Johnson that there was something more than Pennsylva-
nia militia of raw troops on that field, and our fears of attack from the rear
therefore were dispelled and we turned our attention to our immediate sur-
roundings where all at the time was comparatively quiet. We listened with
gratification to the music of the battle on our right for hours and the sound
seemed gradually moving further away, and we knew by this the enemy had
been driven back and our lines re-occupied and fully restored and likewise
Generals Early and Johnson had paid the penalty of thousands of their veteran
heroes in slain and wounded in their desperate and vain attempt to carry Cemetery
Hill, capture Gulp's Hill, turn our right flank and secure position in our rear
And for the success of this bold and desperate move which was the beginning
of General Lee's great plan of battle for the day we can imagine General
Longstreet like a caged lion riding his battle lines for hours of the forenoon of
the last day, stopping now and then as he passed along, steadfastly gazing in the
direction of Gulp's Hill and intently listening to the conflict there raging to
catch the sound that would tell him that General Ewell's lines were aproaching.
General Longstreet in his published description of the battle of the last day
said that he impatiently waited the opportune moment for firing the signal gun
that opened the last mighty effort of General Lee on that bloody field already
covered with more than ten thousand of the dead and mortally wounded thus far
sacrificed because of the wicked and barbarous purpose of perpetuating the
great national crime of American slavery.

General Lee saw through the smoke of battle, and knew better than any
other what was involved in the contest on that field, that defeat would be the
doom of the cause of the Gonfederacy, blast the hopes of his armies and people,
and humiliate and disappoint all. This day was his great opportunity and
succeed he must, or all was lost, and with such thoughts he had planned foi
the last day of battle.

Returning to the position of 13th, 14th and i6th regiments of Stannard's
brigade while the noise of battle continued on our right, we were deeply interested
and impressed with the manner of fighting a great battle. The gigantic task
of the commanding Generals, the discipline required, the manoeuvering on the
field, harmonious action, necessary celerity of massing at any given point and
all this only partially explained by the signal stations on the hills, and the
numerous staff officers, aides and orderlies swiftly and continuously moving
over the field in every direction bent on reaching a given point in the shortest
space of time regardless of bullets or shells. To witness a great battle is a grand
and imposing sight, sublime in its awful carnage never to be forgotten nor can it
be adequately described, and thus we lay all the forenoon of the last day of the
battle, silent and intensely interested witnesses of the scenes about us. We gave
but little heed to the many dead scattered over the field in every direction as far
as we could see, only those near by, and those we temporarily and tenderly
covered over with their blankets to hide from view the horrid bloated, mangled
corpses with open eyes constantly crossing our vision and distracting our atten-
tion from the important duties at hand. Our lines were continuously menaced
by sharp shooters and we moved but little in an upright position unless re-
quired. The burning heat demanded water to quench our thirst and one at a

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 289

time would volunteer to go a few rods to the left of our then position to a Spring
for water taking as many canteens as he could carry and then crawl along on
the ground dragging the canteens after him to the spring, wait his turn and flal
on the ground fill his canteens and in like manner return, all the while exposed
to the shell and bullets that filled the air. Moving along the ground in this
manner could not be seen by sharp shooters, but at the spring the increased com-
motion attracted the attention of sharp shooters and hence a hazardous under-
taking to procure water. The most of us suffered the pangs of thirst rather
than be targets for those fellows behind stones and fences and buildings and in
tree tops with their telescope rifles watching an opportunity to shoot any thing
within range. Many fell by the hand of sharp shooters, especiahy cannoneers
and officers, and those whose duty constantly exposed them to this unavoidable
danger during the progress of battle. The sharp shooters on each side vigilently
watched for each other and many a poor fellow came tumbling down from tree
top because his hiding place, revealed by flash and puff of powder was dis-
covered and located.

Lieutenant Brown of Company K deliberately walked to the spring loaded
with empty canteens, filled them and returned in safety, but only once, and then
advised the others not to try it and they did not, for quite a number had been
killed procuring water at that spring. There was but little firing of cannon
between eight in the morning and one in the afternoon along our left flank and
center. The unusual activity of the picket lines indicated that Longstreet was
pressing forward with some purpose in view.

Save the constant firing of sharp shooters all was comparatively quiet and
no particular danger after the morning salute up to about one in the afternoon
in the position we occupied, at which hour the great duel of cannon opened.
The boys of the 13th moved about but little and patiently waited for the ex-
pected charge against our immediate front. While waiting and soon after the
noise of battle ceased on our extreme right, Lieutenant Albert Clark in command
of Company G saw that a nearby rail fence might be readily converted into a
low breastwork and placed considerably in advance of the stone wall that then
protected us, and be of great advantage in repelling any charge against us and
called Colonel Randall's attention to it, and obtaining his consent called for
volunteers to go out and do the work of building a breastwork with the fence
rails.

Sergeant George H. Scott was first to volunteer and then others followed
until some twenty or more of our regiment largely of Company G as I recall,
led by Sergeant Scott charged the rail fence, carried the rails about one hundred
yards in advance and further down the slope and laid up a temporary bulwark
of rails perhaps two feet high parallel to the battle line then occupied by the
13th regiment. Sergeant Scott and his assistants were cast in a like mould and
of similar clay and animated by the same high and noble purpose as Ethan
Allen and his Green Mountain Boys, or they would not have so promptly sallied
out into the open field midst the leaden rain of rifle bullets that hissed through
the air from house and tree tops across the valley among them.

The work was quickly and well done and timely, and the protection it gave
us later was complimentary to the rare foresight and cool calculation of Lieu-

CAPT. MERRITT B. WII,LIAMS, CO. G,
1862.

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 291

tenant Albert Clark of Company G. General Stannard saw the boys at this
work and approved it with a nod and smile, while Colonel Randall and the
regiment encouraged the enterprise with cheers and congratulated the boys on
their safe return.

For this brave deed medals of honor should have been awarded by our
government and no doubt would have been long ago had applications been made.

The author regrets that he is not now able to give the names of all those
that participated in this incident. I saw them and knew most if not all at the
time. Private Willett, Corporal Hitchcock of Company G, and Smith M. Decker
and Henry Meigs of Company K were among the number. Two or more from
each company. Just after the above incident Corporal Wesley C. Sturtevant
of Company E, 14th Vermont Regiment, my cousin and playmate from birth
to early manhood came from his regiment only a few rods to the left to see me
and this is a part of what he said, "I shall never see home and dear friends again,
something tells me I shall be slain in this battle, and I cannot drive away the
awful thought. I have come to tell you and request that you tell father and
mother, brothers and sisters and dear friends for me and say good-by. That I
would like to be buried in Weybridge, my native town, that I have done my
duty thus far and have not flinched or been much frightened so far in this
battle; that when awakened this morning by the roar of cannon and the noise
of bursting shell that passed over me, I was dreaming of the consummation of
long anticipated joys, and in it I read 'death' and it so impressed me that it is
impossible to think of any thing else. I have not felt so until to-day though
under fire all day yesterday and many fell dead and wounded about me. I have
asked of my Father in Heaven forgiveness for all, and am at peace and all is
well, but how I long to live and return home to walk in the path that my desire,
hope and ambition had marked out. I am so sure that my life will end on this
field that I have come to ask that you explain all to father and mother, take
these letters and return them and tell her not to weep for me, that my heart almost
breaks to think I must give up all my cherished plans of life. I could not tell
these matters or speak of them to my company comrades, so come to you." And
more he said of like import. In every way I endeavored to dispel the awful
thoughts that held and controlled him, but to no purpose. All his life he had
listened to the interpretations of his mother's dreams who was a firm believer
in such impressions. The author having often heard this sainted mother ex-
plain her dreams and knowing of their fulfilment do not wonder that her oldest
child and most beloved son, though educated and intelligent was impressed with
the idea that there was some mysterious connection unexplainable between
natural and immortal life that revealed to the living premonitions of the future.
I cannot forget how anxiously he listened hoping (as I now believe) that some
explanation might break the spell that engulfed him. My efforts were all in
vain. With deep emotion he extended his hand and said "Good-by" and hastily
and deliberately walked back to his regiment nearby paying no heed to the
deadly missies that filled the air. The author was not a believer in dreams and
gave the incident but little thought during the remainder of the day. Before
my cousin reached his regiment, which was in sight and not two hundred yards
away, two signal guns in quick succession from General Longstreet's artillery

^^1

' ^V^mibBt

^^^^jij^^^i

LIEUT. ALBERT CLARKj CO. G,

LIEUT. ALBERT CLARK, CO. G,

1863.

1907.

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 293

broke the awful silence that had for an hour or more hovered over the entire
field.

General E. Porter Alexander who was in command of General Longstreet's
artillery says "That by his watch the signal guns from the Washington artillery
were fired at one o'clock and Colonel William Mullen Owen of the Washington
artillery who gave Longstreet's orders to the gunners to fire, claims that it was
half past one o'clock. The consensus of opinion as to the time the signal guns
were fired and the battle opened in the afternoon of the last day is between
one and two o'clock.

Within a minute after the firing of the signal guns 150 cannon in battery
along Seminary Ridge as far as we could see were belching forth their deadly
storm of solid shot and shrapnel shell consentrated against our left center battle
lines and in another moment almost simultaneously from Round Top to Ceme-
tery Hill one hundred cannon or more of the Union side replied, and a blazing;
stream of fire from hill top to hill top and along the valley, accompanied with
a deafening roar, signaled back to the foe that we also were ready for the final
struggle.

The grandeur and sublimity of this artillery duel impossible to even
faintly describe. Those who were present and saw and heard have some concep-
tion of the mighty and determined contest between the miles of cannon that
faced each other continuously vomiting forth the deadly missiles that went
screeching across the valley on errands of death and destruction.

We of the front battle lines lay flat on the ground between the long lines
of cannon on the right, in front and rear, and were intensely interested not
only in the artillery combat but in the prospect of the coming hand to hand
struggle that we knew would surely follow.

The blowing up of Caissons first on one side and then on the other were
frequent and greeted with cheers from the side that caused them. The missiles
of hurtling shell struck thick and fast among our prostrate ranks with deadly
effort and the dead and wounded remained on the field until the battle was over.

For two long awful hours (and more I judge) this unparalleled artillery
fight raged without apparent advantage to either side. Both armies were well
matched in cannon and skill. General Longstreet to whom General Lee had
given in charge the culminating act of this great tragic drama on this field
incessantly consentrated his fire at a given point which was notice to General
Mead and his officers where the final charge would be made, and anticipating
the enemy's plan due preparation had been made and on the center of this
objective point where lay the stalwart forms behind the recently built bulwark of
rails, stone wall, rocks, bushes and trees, General Stannard's Green Mountain
Boys, and like the lion in its lair ready to spring forward when called and
grapple in the deadly struggle for victory. This was the first real battle of
these Vermont regiments, and their conduct in the baptism of fire on the
previous day under the direction and eye of General Hancock gave promise
and assurance to him, that they were the boys to occupy and hold the front
battle lines in the impending charge and final struggle.

This was indeed a flattering compliment from so distinguished and able
a fighter as General Hancock to General Stannard and his command. It is

LIEUT. CHARIvES RANDAI,!,, CO. G,

SERGT. GEORGE H. SCOTT, CO. G,
1864.

REV. SERGT. GEORGE H. SCOTT, CO. G,
1906.

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. . 295

said that this artillery duel continued for two hours without any signs of weak-
ness or yeilding. While the cannon roared and the bursting shell filled the
air, the boys of the 13th crawled carefully along the ground to the rail fence
westward that was built in the forenoon, in order to change our front battle
line that had evidently been located by the cannoneers and to be ready when
the cannonading ceased. This forward movement of the 13th regiment was
not according to strict military rule, but a belter skelter zig zag croutching,
crawl and run each taking his own way to reach the rail breastwork as best
he could and as quick as possible and take position in companies on reaching
there. The stone and bushes and rails and smoke on the way obscured our
move and no one was killed in making this change. This new position was
important. We were further down the slope and in less danger from the
enemy's shell, and there was a clear open field in front right and left, and
an admirable chance to fire on approaching columns. Some of the boys
were a little frightened and others slightly wounded in this advance and all as
soon as they reached the rail breastworks flattened out behind them to await the
end of the artillery battle.

General Stannard's brigade was still in General Hancock's corps on the
very front battle line, full one hundred yards in advance of the battle lines in
support. While waiting for the next move of the enemy we saw about us on
Cemetery Ridge and its slopes a grand and imposing sight, magnificent in military
array, mighty in numbers and equipment of destruction, skilfully arranged and
masked in long rows of battle lines from valley to crest and from Cemetery
Hill to Round Top, every available elevation covered with batteries, wheel to
wheel and their caissons to the rear and handy by, protected as much as possible
from the enemy's view and range of fire.

Artillery officers moved rapidly over the fields followed by a retinue of aides,
horses and riders, mounted and dressed for the occasion dotted all along with
cavalcades all ready to gallop to the rescue or charge of gun or battery on the
bugle call of Hmber up. Orderlies on their foaming steeds swiftly moving in
every direction over the field in discharge of their duty, delivering orders from
officers in command, the stars and stripes and standard colors of regiment and
battery, ensigns denoting the official rank of corps, divisions, brigade, regiment
and battery amidst thundering roar of 250 cannon that echoed and re-echoed
over the hills and through the valleys, the carnage of battle, the strenuous eflforts
to destroy and overcome presented a battle scene, the like of which has never
been witnessed on this continent or any other in the history of ancient or
modern warfare, and likely never will be.

Two mighty armies 100,000 each, composed of the best, most intelligent
and the flower of the grandest and most progressive civilized nation of the
world equipped with every known appliance of destruction spread out over an
open country of cultivated fields as far as the eye could see. The whole battle-
field could be plainly viewed from Round Top to Cemetery Hill, and much of
the preparation for the final and desperate struggle on the last day was in
plain view of the 13th regiment of Stannard's brigade. General Stannard's
brigade saw and heard and were in the midst of the very center of the fiercest
struggle, and witnessed and realized that which no pen can possibly describe

SERGT. TOHX II. DVVYER. CO. G,

1906.

CORP. CHARLES F. ()\ ITT, CO. G
1863.

CORP. JOSEPH W. HITCHCOCK, CO. G,
1862.

REV. CORP. JOSEPIi W. HITCHCOCK, CO. G,
1906.

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 297

so as to paint and convey the awful scenes of the closing I:ours of that great
battle.

Let us briefly note in passing, our location and what troops surrounded us
on the afternoon of the last day of battle. Our location in the afternoon was
about one-third of a mile south of Cemetery Hill between Taneytown and
Emmetsbuig Roads, almost at the foot of the west slope of Cemetery Ridge
some two hundred yards from its crest, just at the left and in advance of the
place now called the High Water mark of the Rebellion, and the charge against
General Pickett's columns must have taken the 13th and i6th regiments full
half-way down into and across Plum Run valley and further out than any other
regiments went in this charge. On our immediate right and in the same front
line were Generals Alexander S. Webb, Norman J. Hall's brigades of General
John Gibbon's division Hancock's corps and Colonel Thomas A. Smith's
brigade of General Alexander Haye's division, Hancock's corps, and in rear
supporting were Graham Ward and DeTrobriand's brigades of the Third corps,
and at the immediate left and front of our brigade was an open field for con-
siderable distance. Our nearest supports on the left was McGilvery's reserve
artillery which was well up the slope to our left and rear, advantageously
situated to send death and distraction into the ranks of any charging columns
that might cross the open field before them from any direction with a raking
fire of shell, grape and canister.

The left flank of General Stannard's brigade was well down on the low
flat ground of Plum Run behind thick copse that lined its banks and mostly
out of sight of the enemy, and therefore suffered but little from Longstreet's
artillery. The troops of the First, Second and Third corps were closely massed
on and about this central position with the Eleventh and Twelfth corps on the
right and the Fifth and Sixth corps with Kilpatrick's cavalry on the left and
artillery planted over the whole field where it would be best in hand for most
effective use. And all arranged and placed to make our position impregnable
and secure, against the Rebel host. And such was the situation and the sur-
roundings of General Stannard's brigade when General Longstreet's signal guns
announced all was ready for the beginning of the culminating and desperate
struggle on that field for victory. It was summer, the day was perfect and all
nature about seemed dressed in its richest color, for the slaughter of precious
lives and passage of thousands of immortal souls from that field of glory to
realms beyond. Everything had been determined and nothing could prevent the
carnage soon to follow. The artillery opened concentrating its fire against the
left center the salient point of which, was occupied and held by the A'ermonters
of General Stannard's brigade. The tremendous roar of cannon, the crack
and crash of shell, the exploding caissons here and there, the .horrid whizz of
shrapnel, the consternation and anxiety, all this held us prostrate and fast to
the ground anxiously watching and waiting for the guns to cease firing.

The two long hours of cannonading was so appalling and fraught with
constant apprehension, that the passing of each minute seemed a life time. We
of the 13th now realized the value of the low breastwork of rails that protected
us during the deadly storm and were grateful to Lieutenant Albert Clark and

CORP. ORVILLE SMITH, CO. G,
1862.

CORP. ORVILLE SMITH, CO. G,
1898.

CORP. JOHN J. HILL, CO. G,
1862.

CORP. JOHN J. HILL, CO. C,
1904.

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 299

Sergeant George H. Scott and their associates for their foresight and timely
efforts. Suddenly the cannon ceased on Cemetery Hill and from battery to
battery all along our lines until every Federal gun was silent, followed in a few
moments with complete suspension of Confederate cannonading. We knew
the time had come for the final charge, and eagerly gazed and watched the crest
of Seminary Ridge across the valley, expecting each moment to see the long
lines of gray with tilted bayonets glistening in the sunshine rapidly approaching.
Every eye was scanning the open fields directly in front of Stannard's brigade
beyond the Emmetsburg Road as if momentarily expecting to see moving
columns pressing forward in the final charge.

Commanding officers with their staffs and aides on elevated positions with
field glasses to their eyes were intently looking westward along the crest of
Seminary Ridge to catch the first glimpse of the expected foe. Not one in
General Mead's great army knew who had been chosen by General Lee to lead
his brave heroes on to victory or defeat, or how many thousands had been
selected to make the charge. Our commanders knew that General Lee had
selected the bravest of the brave, the veteran heroes of Bull Run, Fredericks-
burg, Chancellorsville, the tried and true, the very flower from his mighty army
for this charge. He, General Lee must have realized that the hour of the supreme
effort of his matchless career was at hand and all depended on the result. For
three long days he had fought many desperate battles on that field and yet the
Union army held fast to its positions. He, General Lee must now win, or the
cause of the Confederacy would be lost, and therefore his careful prepaiatioti
for the final struggle.

His hopes and fears hanging in the balance, weighted with questions of
more moment and greater consequence, than on any other occasion of his event-
ful life. General Lee at the head of a hitherto unconquerable army, had boldly
entered the enemy's country for an expressed purpose, and to return without
its consummation would be more disastrous to the success of the Rebellion and
morale of his armies than the slaughter of thousands and defeat in battle. A
battle was the only alternative, and hence his untiring and indefatigable
attention, demanding his best efforts in the preparation for the mighty
struggle. Likely no man of modern times could under similar circum-
stances have done better. It was now about 3 :30 o'clock in the afternoon,
comparative silence prevailed over the field, and the Union army was intently
watching and waiting the expected charge. The dread spell of silence suddenly
gave way to excitement and activity, from Cemetery Hill to Round Top and
like the rush of a mighty wind the word came down our lines, "See they are
coming." Involuntarily every eye was quickly turned to the undulating crest
of the low ridge across the valley that extended from west of Gettysburg village
around to Big Round Top nearly parrallel to Cemetery Ridge and between the two
ridges, the low valley of Plum Run, distant from ridge to ridge three- fourths of a
mile. Where all was still and motionless before was now animated, with excite-
ment and hurrying to and fro on every part of the field. Hurried orders came from
commanders, and almost at the same moment the officers and the rank and
file were told of the approaching charge, before it could be seen only by those
on Cemetery Hill and Round Top. Not one of the many thousands that wore

CORP. THOMAS T. SNEtL, CO. G,
1862.

John S. Hayes on the left.

CORP. THOMAS T. SNEI<L, CO. C,

1906.

CORP. HENRY H. WELES, CO. G,

i86i.

CORP. HENRY H. WELLS, CO. C,
1905-

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 301

the blue but what were ready and anxious for the mortal combat (knowing
it must come) to commence that it might be settled then and there, who should
be crowned with victory.

The long day of suspense was terrible and all longed to see the charging
columns attempt to cross the open field which we believed to be an impassable
gulf in the face of one hundred cannon belching forth solid shot, exploding
shells and grape and canister, and the solid lines of infantry thickly massed on
the slopes from crest to valley prepared to mow down General Lee's approach-
ing battle lines when in range of musket ball.

We saw them first as they reached the crest of Seminary Ridge a full half
mile away, at first horse and rider, then glistening bayonets and then flags and
banners waving and fluttering in the sultry air could be seen.

Suddenly a battery opened on Cemetery Hill with deafening roar, and
sent hurling across the valley into the approaching columns the first compli-
mentary salute that warned them that all of our guns had not been silenced
by their hundred and fifty guns during the early hours of the afternoon, but
on they come regardless of exploding shells hurled against them, turning not
to the right or left climbing the fences and walls, quickly reached the Emmits-
burg Road, passed on both sides of the Cadora House and other buildings in
that locality making momentary openings in their lines as they passed. They
crossed the road, reached the open field before them, moved rapidly forward
in solid columns the first and second divisions in advance, and then the third in
support in short echelon as they moved down the slope into the valley from the
Emmitsburg Road. The charging columns were now in plain sight and range
of our guns from Round Top to Ziegler's Grove which with an infilading fire
made numerous gaps in their lines which were quickly closed, but on they
came as if impelled by some unresistless force, paying no attention to the grape
and canister that made gory swaths through their battle lines. This was the ani-
mated opportunity for our artillery and with a flash and roar they improved it. We
of Stannard's brigade against whom the right wing of General Pickett's charg-
ers seemed to be pointed for, wondered if it would be possible for any to
pass through the iron storm that assailed them. They were now in plain view,
but we only knew that they were the selected veteran heroes of General Lee's
great army. We soon learned that these serried columns coming down the
slope into the valley of slaughter and death were the gallant warriors that on
many a sanguinary field had made the charge that secured victory, now being
led by General George E. Pickett, the one of all the veteran officers of the great
army of Northern Virginia personally selected by General Lee to command
and lead the flower of his army in whom was centered all his hopes
on this field, — they were to him like Napoleon's body guard at Water-
loo. The right wing was General Pickett's old division of Longstreet's corps
4,900 strong, composed of the three brigades commanded by Generals Garnet,
Armistead and Kemper. The left ^ying was General Heth's division, General
A. P. Hill's corps then being led by General J. Johnston Pettigrew and com-
posed of three brigades estimated at 5,000 with General Trimble in command
of General Pender's division with Generals Lane and Scale's brigades of
Hill's corps 2,500 strong forming a close second battle line in support, making
in numbers fully 12,000 bayonets. General Pickett's division had thus far

GEORGE C. CORSE, CO. G,
1862.

JOHN S. HAYES, CO. G,
1862.

Corp. Thomas T. Snell on the right.

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1862.

FERNANDO CORTEZ WILLETT, CO. G,

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 303

taken no active part on this field, being held in reserve for special service, and
therefore were fresh and anxious to make the dash for victory.

Pettigrew and Trimble's brigades had been severely punished by the First
corps under General Doubleday in the first day's battle and were not quite so
hopeful though flushed with victory and flattered with being selected to take
part in the final charge, with steady step and undaunted courage boldly pushed
forward down the slope across the valley into the very mouths of belching
cannon, leaped the wall among the cannoneers and mingled with gunners and
infantry men of the blue with sword, pistol, musket and bayonet in a life and
death struggle for vantage ground. And such was the composition of the
column rapidly aproaching. What a grand, magnificent and sublime array
12,000 strong making a dash across an open field in the face of one hundred
cannon into the very jaws of death to save the day and secure victory. No
such sight in all the history of battles had ever been seen. On they came re-
gardless of the carnage among them, nearer and nearer until horse and rider,
officer and private, standards and banners waving in the lead were plainly seen,
and almost within musket range, the right wing now face to face with the
right wing of Stannard's brigade. Down the line of the 13th regiment comes
the order from company to company "Steady boys, hold your position, don't
fire until the word is given, keep cool, lie low till order is given to fire, make
ready, take good aim, fire low." Then like an electric flash came down the
line the order from Colonel Randall quickly repeated by every officer in the
line "Fire", up rose the Green Mountain Boys, 3,000 strong as if by magic
with forms erect took deliberate aim and with a simultaneous flash and roar
fired into the compact ranks of the desperate foe and again and again in quick
succession until a dozen or more volleys had been discharged with deadly
effect. We saw at every volley the grey uniforms fall quick and fast and the
front line hesitated, moved slowly and melted away, could not advance against
such a furious and steady storm of bullets in their faces and the raking fire
of McGilvery's batteries against their flank and midst this, unexpected fusillade
of bullets, grape and canister they halted and quickly in good order massed
in columns to our right uncovering the immediate front of Stannard's brigade
and with an awful menacing yell dashed forward with the evident purpose of
carrying the crest of Cemetery Ridge at our right and rear.

Pickett's massing of columns and verging to his left and our right opened
a clear field in front of Stannard's brigade, furnishing a golden opportunity for a
flank advance attack against General Pickett's advancing battle lines.

General Stannard ordered the 13th and i6th regiments of his brigade to
move forward (the 14th to remain in position in support) toward the enemy,
and these two regiments the 13th and i6th, advanced about one hundred yards
in quick time, the 13th on the double-quick and moved first, the i6th being at
the left of the brigade did not receive the order as soon by some minutes as the
13th, and this advance movement while the 13th was still in motion was quickly
followed by a more important order which was given first to the 13th regiment.
As General Stannard looked over the field his quick eye discovered the salient
angle, and like a flash of lightning came the inspired thought that evolved the

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SUMNER WARNER, CO. G,
1862.

SUMNER WARNER, CO. G,
1905.

MARTIN H. DODGE, CO. G,
1862.

JOSEPH KIDDER, CO. G,
1862.

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 305

famous and now historic order (unique in manoeuvring in the midst of
battle) "Change front, forward on first company."

Colonel Randall repeated this order to Captain Lonergan of Company
A and sent it along the line. Captain Lonergan on receiving the order
halted his company which was the right of the line, placed First Ser-
geant James B. Scully in position and quickly swung his company around
into position, and thus each company was brought into line facing the right
flank of General Pickett's advancing heroes and each company as it faced into
line saw in their immediate front not sixty yards away General Pickett's com-
mand, charging forward up the slope and at once opened a deadly fire on their
flank which surprised and disconcerted officers and rank and file alike, some
turned about and returned our fire, but knowing their objective point moved
on. This was at short range and the concentrated fire of the 13th into the
moving flank before them thickly covered the ground with the dead and
wounded until General Pickett's command had lost most of its distinguished
officers and a large per cent, of its rank and file. It was while our regiment
was firing into Pickett's flank that brave General Garnet fell from his horse
pierced with a minnie ball, and General Armistead too as he scaled the wall fell
into the ranks of the blue with cap on his sword urging his men to follow.

Not until the dead and wounded covered the ground so as to make progress
almost impossible, did they seem to realize their awful situation, and then they
waved handkerchiefs, and threw up their hands as evidence of surrender. It was
at this juncture that Colonel Randall at risk of his own life from the muskets of
his own regiment passed rapidly down the line and shouted "Stop firing."
Then we advanced and captured nearly all that still survived of Pickett's old divi-
sion. It is claimed that of all the field officers in Pickett's division, only one,
(a Major) came out without injury. It is said by Colonel Longstreet in his
article found in the publication of the "Battles and Leaders of the Rebellion"
that more than 2,000 of General Pickett's command were killed and wounded
in less than thirty minutes, and that two-thirds of General Pickett's division lay
dead and mortally wounded on the field being almost literally annihilated. The
numbers we here captured were so large that Colonel Randall detailed Com-
panies G and I to take the prisoners to the rear.

From the moment General Pickett's command crossed the Emmitsburg
Road and started on its perilous charge, to the time we of the 13th returned
to our position just in the rear of the breastwork of rails, full two hours must
have passed. Every moment was so appalling and the horrid scenes all about
us so dreadful we took no thought of swift passing time. The carnage was ter-
rible but wonderful and glorious the results.

As the 13th charged forward from its last position where it had been
pouring in volley after volley at short range from musket and pistol, (the
officers of the line now had an opportunity to use their pistols with deadly
effect and right well they improved it and many of them were skilled and ac-
curate marksmen) realizing (though many had indicated their willingness and
anxiety to surrender), that some of the more revengeful and desperate con-
tinued to fire in our faces as we advanced. We opened fire again and then
rushed up against them with bayonets pushed forward revengefully determined

GUY WOODWARD, CO. G,
1864.

GUY WOODWARD, CO. G,
1906.

HARTFORD P. WOODWARD, CO. G,
1862.

LEVI LAFLEUR, CO. G,
1905.

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 307

to slay the very last man unless they would heed their proffered offer of sur-
render. Bayonets were crossed and the desperate thrusts exchanged, and the
hand to hand struggle followed. Many fell wounded and bleeding pierced
with bayonet, sword and pistol and musket balls. This was the final struggle
and was soon over. We were now in their front and rear and escape was im-
possible. The croutching rose up and all the living including the slightly
wounded hurriedly and anxiously passed through our ranks to the rear turning
over their guns, pistols and sabres as they passed on. The author was there
and fully alive to duty and self preservation and saw for himself the dreadful
havoc before him. If there was any spot on that great field of battle that
approximated more nearly than any other the malstrom of destruction, this
was the place. They lay one upon the other clutched in death, side by side.
The dead, dying and horribly wounded, some had on the blue, but nearly all
wore the gray, for on a few square rods one could hardly step so thickly lay
the dead. A thousand could have been counted on less than two acres of
ground. This was indeed the great slaughter pen on the field of Gettysburg, and
in it lay hundreds of the brave heroes who an hour before buoyed up with
hope and ambition were being led by the brave and intrepid General Pickett
against solid phalanxes of infantry, an hundred belching cannon and the strong
bulwarks of their foe, as they fully believed, to victory.

General Pickett's divisions seemingly melted away as if swallowed up by
opening ground under the steady gaze of General Longstreet who silently and
sorrowfully watched as he believed the forelorn hope and needless sacrifice,
among them were many of the veteran heroes of his old brigade that he had
drilled on the plains of Manassas before the first battle of Bull Run, but as a
true soldier when he saw the battle line of blue push out into the field and open
fire upon General Pickett's flank, he directed his artillery in that direction
knowing that friend as well as foe must suffer alike from his raking fire, and
we who were at the salient point saw the direction from whence came the
spiteful shells and wondered at the desperate act. Much history was made on
this charge that can never be known, and much, though seen and realized that
can never be adequately described. The author being in the ranks in this
charge situated so as to see and know what occurred and how, and because
none of my regimental comi'ades have written of it, and because as Historian
and commissioned to tell something of the thrilling scenes connected with this
unparalleled and world renown charge are my reasons for recounting some of
the incidents seen and realized in the last act of that bloody drama on the
fields of Gettysburg, July 3rd, 1863.

Brave General Garnet who was shot from his horse while leading his
brigade fell only a few paces in the rear of the stone wall where General
Armistead was shot and no doubt from bullets fired from the 13th Vermont
Regiment who at that moment was on Picketf s flank firing at short range in
that direction. First Corporal Londas S. Terrill of Company F claims the
honor (if it be an honor to shoot so brave a soldier) of firing the bullet that
so suddenly ended the brilliant career of this young Rebel officer. Corporal
Terrill says he took deliberate aim fired and Garnet fell. It was as likely
Terrill's gun as any, but no man could possibly tell whether the gun he fired

ALBERT WELLS,, CO. C,
1862.

ALBERT WELLS, CO. G,
1903.

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WARD PIPER, CO. C,
1862.

WARD PIPER, CO. G,
1905-

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 309

fell the person aimed at or not. Seven hundred rifles in the skilful hands of
the 13th regiment were sending a contmuous rain of bullets in the same direc-
tion. Private Oliver Pariso of Company K (and there was no better shot in
the regiment) claimed that he too about the same time took aim at a mounted
officer and saw him fall while looking along the sight of his gun barrel,
Pariso's honesty and veracity was never questioned, and it may be true that
his deadly aim reached the very mark, but the surroundings and flying bullets
that filled the air removes every probalility of certainty.

Private Cadmus S. Gates of Company K also was confident because of
peculiar situation that one officer fell as the result of his careful aim. Indeed
many of the boys claimed just after the battle they had felled their man and
some a half a dozen or more. The author also took good aim and saw many
a poor fellow fall, and the bullets he fired into the solid ranks of General
Pickett's brave boys may have killed one or more, but he has ever since been
happy in the thought that he could not tell the result of his firing; Eternity
alone can reveal the fact. It is enough to know that hundreds fell by the
hands of boys that fought in the ranks of the gallant 13th on that memorable
charge. Quite a number of the boys brought from the field pistols, sabres and
guns and other mementoes recovered in the charge or scattered over the field,
but all to no particular purpose excepting in the case of Lieutenant Stephen F.
Brown of Company K who was armed up to the end of this charge with only
a common camp hatchet (having been relieved of his sword while on the
march some days before, the particulars of which are mentioned elsewhere in
this book) and he wanted a sword, and as one of General Pickett's Lieutenants
approached and was about to pass as a prisoner within our lines, Lieutenant
Brown demanded his sword. The officer in gray hesitated, saw the upraised
hatchet as it glistened in the sun and then quickly unbuckled his belt and
passed belt, sword and scabbard and pistol to Lieutenant Brown, said not a
word and passed on. Lieutenant Brown buckled on the belt, dropped the
hatchet and took the sword and thereafter carried it until mustered out. The
author was near and saw this singular and timely capture of sword and pistol,
and exchange of an aboriginal implement of warfare (a hatchet) for the more
modern and less savage, a sword.

Marvelous and unusual incidents occurred in connection with General
Pickett's charge, one of which was General Stannard's original and famous
order "Change front forward on first company" has already been mentioned,
and I call attention to a more unique and strange occurance while out on
General Pickett's flank. The 13th regiment being on the right of the brigade
General Stannard gave his order to Colonel Randall first, who promptly ad-
vanced and swung his regiment into line on the double-quick, and was on
Pickett's moving right flank rapidly firing into his charging columns for some
minutes before the i6th regiment could execute the same order and take its
position in line on the left of the 13th. Colonel Veazey had to move his regi-
ment backward and pass around in the rear of the 14th regiment, left in posi-
tion as support, and then charged down the slope into the valley passed into the
rear of the 13th and then into position, on the left of the 13th, extending the line
well up the slope toward the Cadora House on the Emmitsburg Road or pike.

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NlvLSON S. DAVIS. CO. C.
1862.

NELSON S. D.-WIS, CO. G,
1905-

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1904.

HENRY MCNAEL, CO. G,
190I.

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 311

where it at once opened fire on General Pickett's demoralized and broken
battle lines and on those who broke and run to escape capture. Very soon
after the i6th passed in the immediate rear of the 13th into position, there
appeared some four hundred yards to the rear having just crossed the Emmits-
burg Road and moving rapidly down into the valley charging forward in the
direction of Cemetery Ridge a large body of soldiers who we at once recognized
by the uniforms they wore and the flags and banners they carried and the yell
they made, as the enemy, exposing their left flank to our view in passing. At
this juncture the unheard of happened, namely, those standing in the rear rank
of the 13th and i6th regiments who had been firing into General Pickett's
flanks as they turned half way around to load their guns discovered the pass-
ing Rebel column in the rear and without orders faced square to the rear and
opened fire causing dismay and confusion and hesitancy, and thus it was while
the front ranks of the 13th and i6th were sending bullets thick and fast into
General Pickett's right flank causing fearful slaughter, because of good aim
and short range, the rear ranks of the 13th and i6th regiments at the same time
were facing in an opposite direction and with steady aim firing as rapidly into
the charging left flank of the belated columns that had come in support of
General Pickett's right flank with equal efifect. For a time the 13th and i6th
stood in line in double ranks across Plum Run valley extending from near the
base of Cemetery Ridge to within a few rods of the Emmitsburg Road, the
front rank facing northerly towards Gettysburg village and firing into Pickett's
huddled struggling ranks and the rear rank facing southerly towards Pe.-vch
Orchard, Devil's Den, Big Round Top deliberately and steadily firing into the
left flank of what proved to be General Wilcox's brigade and command. This
was an accidental situation, but who unless inborn fighters would have so
suddenly taken advantage of so good an opportunity and made use of it as
an expected duty. Yes, as once before said, the boys of the Second Vermont
Brigade who carried guns in that memorable charge inherited the same in-
tuitive ability and prowess as shown on that field by their beloved and highly
respected commander General George J. Stannard. He created orders to meet
an unlocked for situation, the boys in the ranks without orders fired into the
ranks of the coming foe, whether in front or rear it mattered not to them if
only they wore the gray. General Stannard saw the situation and sent an order
to Colonel Veazey to face his regiment about and charge against the approach-
ing columns as he gallantly did with great credit to himself and the boys he
led. Likely Lieutenant Brown had no thought of such an exchange of weapons
until the opportunity came. He made no inquiry thereafter for his sword nor
never knew or cared what become of it, nor was anything ever said or done
about Lieutenant Brown forcing a safeguard at a spring on the march to obtain
water for his famishing boys which was the cause of his being relieved of his
sword.

Lieutenant Brown was prompted and impelled to go for water on grounds
of humanity alone, and the order that followed relieving him of his sword
was simply for an example of discipline and nothing further was thought of
it. The author from what is above said does not want it understood that
Colonel Veazey of the i6th did not receive the order to "Change front forward

WILI,IAM OAKLEY BKIGHAM, CO. G,
1862.

WILLIAM OAKLEY BRIGTIAM, CO. G,
1904.

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 313

on first company", but that he did not receive it until after it was given to
Colonel Randall of the 13th, and considerable time elapsed before the i6th
took position in line on the left of the 13th, for after Colonel Veazey had
gathered his regiment on the left of the 14th for the formal movement, General
Stannard ordered him to join the 13th in its flank attack, moving around in
the rear of the 14th, and then by the flank to the left of the 13th which took the
i6th down the slope across the valley, its extreme left near the Emmitsburg
Road. This required a march after passing the right of the 14th of some
fifty rods directly to the front. While Colonel Veazey was making this move-
ment the 13th having received the order first to "Change front forward on
first company" had promptly executed it and was in line on Pickett's flank
pouring into his crowded columns volley after volley as fast as possible when
Colonel Veazey and his brave boys were charging down the slope to the rear
of the 13th to position which it reached some minutes after the 13th was in
position. It was in season to take part in firing into the retreating ranks of
General Pettigrew and Trimble and also gathered in some stragglers that had
reached the Cadora House on their return that belonged to General Pickett's
division. Hence, it will be noted that General Pickett's division had suffered
much in dead and wounded before the i6th took position on the left of the
13th. The 13th covered General Pickett's flank, the center and right, were
nearly opposite the point where Garnet and Armistead fell, and as advance was
made the boys of the 13th reached the huddled lines of the gray first and then
and there captured many prisoners, a majority of those taken on this charge.

A considerable time was spent in gathering up prisoners and sending them
under escort to the rear. And while thus engaged we saw quite a large body
of soldiers some distance to our left well out in the field from Emmitsburg
Road advancing directly towards the position that we of the 13th had just
left. We saw the i6th regiment face about and take position in line and then
with an exhulting yell charge acros« the field on the run right up to and against
the left flank of the approaching columns many being killed by bullets, grape
and canister fired into their compact ranks massed in column and many of
them taken prisoners by the i6th but most of them hastily retreated and escaped.
This body of the enemy were General Wilcox and Perry's brigades of
General Richard's and Anderson's divisions, A. P. Hill's corps, who were General
Pickett's support of his right flank but was slow in following up Pickett's
command and therefore were too late to render any assistance as has been
seen. No occasion to now speculate what would have been the result if
General Pickett had been promptly supported as planned, by Generals Wilcox
and Perry's brigades. We of the 13th watched with deep interest the gallant
charge of the i6th and heartily cheered them as Wilcox and Perry were driven
back across the Emmitsburg Road behind Longstreet's artillery. As soon as
Wilcox and Perry's brigades had opened the field, Longstreet's guns opened
fire again on the 13th who had gathered in the captured and were waiting for
further orders, and while here after Companies I and G had ben sent to the
rear with prisoners, we took a hasty account of casualties and found only a
comparative few had thus far been seriously wounded. Sergeant Halloway
of Company K had been hit on the leg and Pariso and Richardson of Company

314 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers.

K had been slightly wounded with pieces of shell on breast and shoulder and
Lieutenant Albert Clark of Company G on the ankle, not dangerous, Lieu-
tenant Kenfield of Company E quite dangerously wounded though not mortal.
Soon after Companys I and G left the field in charge of prisoners. Colonel
Randall received an order from General Stannard to move his regiment back to
position, and as we were ascending the open field to reach our former position,
a shell exploded in the ranks of Company K killing Corporal William Church
and wounding privates James Monroe Hogaboom, and Clark H. Butterfield
and others slightly. Quite a number were stunned and thrown to the ground
by the concussion of the exploding shell. Lieutenant Stephen F. Brown
stopped to see what could be done for Corporal Church who he found dying
on the ground. His body scattered about and others killed and injured in that
immediate vicinity among which were Sergeant Major Henry H. Smith, killed
and Lieutenant Colonel Wm. D. Munson, injured, and while Lieutenant Brown
was on his knees endeavoring to assist his fallen comrade another shell likely
from the same gun exploded directly over his head and pretty close and the
concussion prostrated and stunned him but Brown was soon able to reach his
company and take his position, but not able to stand, and yet he remained on the
field until the battle was over and the regiment relieved and ordered to the rear.
The shelling that the 13th received when returning to position was accurate and
destructive, and it was miraculous almost that more were not killed and wounded.
We reached the position from which we started on the charge about six o'clock
some little time before the sun disappeared behind the distant mountains. The
battle of the day was evidently over, nothing to indicate its renewal. Gneral
Longstreet's batteries on our left still held their position and continued firing
principally in the direction of the position ocupied by General Stannard's bri-
gade as if seking revenge for their discomfiture and destruction of General Pick-
ett's command that had proceeded from that locality. We were now again flat
on the ground and having become quite familiar with the crack of gun and screech
of exploding shell carefully watched the enemy and the direction of his firing
to guard against needless exposure. We knew the battle was o^er and looked
for no further assaults from across the valley. That apprehension of death
and feeling of fear seemed to have left us while mingling with General Pickett's
boys in the last desperate struggle for victory.

We had been under fire for two days in the front lines and in the thickest
of the fight of the culminating effort of General Lee to win the day. But few
of our regiment had been killed or seriously wounded, and we were thankful
and much elated by reason of the important positions we had been placed in.
The courage evinced by our comrades and for the crucial opportunity of render-
ing valuable service to our country at a time when most needed. The hopes
deferred had returned, and we now began to think of home and friends and
build again the castles of the future. Our hearts were sad because of the
thousands slain strewn over the fields before us, and at the loss of dead com-
rades that had fallen, but the struggle was over and there would be no more
carnage and death on that field.

We heard the roar of musketry and the booming of cannon in front of Little
Round Top, and the charge and crash of arms when General Elon J. Farns-

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 315

worth led his brigade in which was the ist Vermont Cavalry over rocks and
ditches and stonewalls all about them, against the solid battle lines of General
Iver McLaw's brigade of infantry to death, knowing full well it was a forlorn
hope and to no purpose, a mere demonstration against brigades of infantry
protected behind stone walls and supported by General Longstreet's batteries.

The battle was all over and General Lee had been vanquished and this
charge was a useless sacrifice. It did not even divert attention from the main
purpose of General Lee to capture Cemetery Hill and divide General Mead's
army. This occurred at about seven p. m. It is said by Captain Parsons of
the 1st Vermont Cavalry in his published article on this charge, (see Battle and
Leaders of the Civil War, page 393) that before the charge was even ordered
an orderly dashed by and in the presence of General Kilpatrick shouted, "We
turned the charge, nine acres of prisoners." This in view of what was
known at that hour, was ample notice of victory, and the charge by General
Farnsworth ought not to have been made, is the criticism of well informed
writers on this battle. As we lay on the ground watching the moveemnts of
receding battle lines of General Longstreet's divisions on his extreme right,
their bayonets glistening in the last rays of the setting sun, a battery to our
front and left in plain sight re-opened fire against our then position as if they
had discovered a line of blue behind stones just in front of a clump of bushes
in the line of our rail fence breastwork now pretty much shot away.

The author saw the first puff of smoke (all had been quiet in that direc-
tion for some time) and then a shell whizzing and screeching passed directly
over close to the ground where Captain George G. Blake of Company K, and
the author lay with heads behind a good sized boulder as we thought secure
against the random shots that now and then came smoking and screeching across
Che valley. From what I now know am of the opinion that the shells that came
in our direction were from the same Washington battery that fired the signal
guns that opened the artillery duel in the afternoon commanded by Major
B. F. Eshleman and attached to General Longstreet's corps.

My attention was with cor.oiderable personal interest given to this battery
so plainly seen just across thi valley a little to our left. Soon another puff
of smoke and flash of fire a. id then a shell struck the ground only a few feet
to our rear passing betwee/ two large boulders and there exploding, killing and
wounding quite a number who had what appeared to be a well protected posi-
tion. The gunners were directing their fire at the heap of rocks and bushes at
our rear, for that was the second shot from that battery that had come in the
same direction and exploded near the same place ; our heads were safe, but our
legs were in danger if any more shells came from that battery. I was on the
side where the shells had passed so near and was becoming nervous and sug-
gested to Captain Blake to swing his legs around to the right that I might do
the same, calling his attention to what had already been done by that battery
over to the left and front. We both moved and placed our bodies on an angle
with the firing direction of the guns and before we were fairly straightened
out on the ground in our changed position, we saw (for we were now giving
our attention to this battery) a puff of smoke and flash of powder then a crash
against the ground and a shell plowed along on the ground which only a minute

CAPT. WII^IJAM V. PECK, CO. H,
1862.

CAPT. ORLOFF WHITXEY, CO. H,
1863.

CAPT. ARC P. SIvAYTON, CO. H,
1863.

CAPT. ARO P. SI.AYTON, CO. H,
1880.

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 317

before was occupied by our legs. It covered us with dirt as it passed exploding
a few feet to our rear. Captain Blake exclaimed "Gosh, that was a close
call." I thought so too and hugged the ground raising neither hand nor foot
until that battery went out of business for the night. We examined the ground
when it was prudent to do so and concluded had we not moved, our legs would
have been cut off, and we numbered among the dead. This incident before
referred to shows how near Captain Blake and the author came to losing their
legs and lives at Gettysburg.

Swanton, Vt., August, 1907.

The above mentioned incident as to probable loss of legs and lives by
Private Sturtevant and myself is still fresh in memory, and the time and cir-
cumstances were as above described. It has been a frequent topic spoken of
when referring to close calls and hairbreadth escapes at Gettysburg.

GEORGE G. BLAKE,

Captain of Co. K,
13th Regiment, Vt. Vols.

As soon as it was dark enough .so there was no danger from sharp shooters
we begun to look up the casualties in our regiment during the battle. I presume
the number mentioned in Benedict's History of Vermont in the Civil War,
Vol. 2, page 487 is correct as to persons, and yet believe that quite a number
who were wounded were deemed at the time so slight that no mention was made
of it in the reported list that was procured that evening on the battlefield.

A full and complete list of the dead and so far as known the wounded, will
appear in the Roster in this book, which I have no doubt will be more complete
than any heretofore published.

As soon as the battle was over and darkness fell on the field and the count-
ing up the dead, wounded and missing and talking over some of the more
thrilling incidents and exciting scenes, suddenly the thought flashed on my mind
what of my cousin Corporal Wesley C. Sturtevant of Company E, 14th Ver-
mont with whom I had the interview just before the cannonading in the after-
noon. I wondered now if his premonitions of death had proven a reality. I
could not wait and hastened to the 14th to ascertain if dead or alive. Just
before reaching his company I met some of his tentmates that were then on
their way to find me. They took me only a few steps further and there on the
ground as he fell was the mangled body of my cousin W. C. Sturtevant having
been shot through the breast by a solid shot or a shell. His comrades told me
that he fell just as the regiment rose to take part in the advance against General
Pickett's charge, being instantly killed. Only about three hours after his most
remarkable conversation and lamentable expressions of premonitions of death
on that field. Whatever may be thought concerning warnings of future events,
in this case at least there was a perfect fulfilment of what Corporal Sturtevant
told me about one o'clock that afternoon. His comrades, Lieut. Andrew J.
Childs and others, said that up to the very moment of his death he had showed
as much courage and bravery as any one among them, and therefore it was not
fear that had awakened and firmly impressed him with death on that field. All

LIEUT. HIRAM PERKINSj CO. H,
1863.

LIEUT. WALTER A. PHILLIPS^ CO. H,

SERGT. CHARLES R. WHITE, CO. H,
1862.

SERGT. CHARLES R. WHITE, CO. H,
1903-

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 319

had reason to apprehend sudden death at any moment, and many thousands
were there slain, and on General Pickett's charge more than 2,000 fell in thirty
minutes.

One of the inspiring and encouraging sights on that field was the dash of
General Hancock coming down the line near us followed by a single aide or
orderly — the front line where General Stannard stood which was at that moment
immediately in the rear of the battle line of the 13th regiment. We saw him
coming and we knew who he was for we had seen him many times during the
battle. He was shot while conversing with General Stannard by a sharp shooter
as was said. General Stannard and his aides Benedict and Hooker and Lieu-
tenant S. S. Morey of Company K and E, 13th regiment, and perhaps others
nearby assisted General Hancock from his foaming charger to the ground and
there he lay during Pickett's charge watching and giving orders to General
Stannard and other Generals in the Second and Third corps then under his
command. General Stannard had given the order to move out on General
Pickett's flank only a moment before the arrival of General Hancock. No
braver man or better fighter or more perfect speciman of manly beauty and
soldierly appearance took part on that field than General Wilfield S. Hancock.
This sight and scene was so indelibly impressed that it is as vivid now as then.

While Colonel Veazey with the i6th was charging against the left flank
of Wilcox and Perry's brigades General Stannard was wounded in the leg, but
did not leave the field until the battle was over and his brigade relieved from
the front line. General Stannard was continuously with his brigade and much
of the time near the 13th regiment which was on the right of his brigade, and
we of the 13th therefore saw him often as he moved from place to place as
duty prompted apparently without fear, as cool and deliberate as if on dress
parade or brigade drill. He, General Stannard, showed like prowess and in-
tuitive genius to command as his prototype Ethan Allen of Ticonderoga fame.

We of the 2nd Vermont Brigade were proud of him as a commander and
because of his quick foresight and prompt action on Pickett's flank that secured
to him great credit and honor to the Green Mountain State, and military renown,
and the Green Mountain Boys that he led unstinted praise for their valiant con-
duct displayed, and services rendered in meeting and vanquishing the flower of
General Lee's magnificent army in his last and final effort in which was centered
all his hopes and ambition, (commanded too by Generals Pickett, Pettigrew and
Trimble) confident they would scale the ramparts of Cemetery Ridge and close
the day with a great victory.

Distinguished officers of both armies who witnessed Pickett's famous
charge, give the credit to General Stannard and the Vermonters in saving the
day and putting to flight the hitherto unconquered army of Northern Virginia.

The 13th Vermont was first and last on General Pickett's right flank and
received the surrender of the heroic survivors of Pickett's division, that day
commanded by the brave General Garnet. This decisive battle secured to the
army of the Potomac world-wide renown and much glory, and Historians have
with high praise awarded to General Stannard's 2nd Vermont Brigade the
immortal glory of victory in the decisive and turning battle of the Civil War.
It was long after dark when orders came to move back to the reserve lines for

SERGT. CHARIvES M. MCNTGHTj CO. H,
1862.

CORP. DORMAN CONNER, CO. H,
1862.

,»e'5«^=»ih^.

SERGT. THOMiAS J. SLAYTON, CO. H,
1862.

SERGT. EDWIN CUDWORTH, CO. H,
1861.

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 321

refreshment and sleep. We were given a position directly back and over the
crest near the Taneytown pike in an apple orchard and near a large barn and
told we could lie down and sleep. Rations did not come, but sleep did, and
though now we were very hungry and thirsty every one laid down where he
was and soon were sleeping the sleep of the victorious. The lightening flashed,
the thunder roared and the rain poured down and drenched us, and still we
slept on until morning. All were exhausted, sleep was a necessity, the flash
of lightning and roar and rattle of thunder and drenching rain disturbed us not.
It was the first night's sound sleep we had had since we broke camp on the
banks of the Occoquan nine days before.

The morning of the 4th of July was dark and the rain fell ,.is if the clouds
had burst and though there was running water on the ground and sheets of rain
falling fast upon us, many still slept on till awakened by the occasional shell
that came over screeching and cracking in the air just above us. While but
little attention was now paid to bursting shell or the sharp shooters' deadly
bullets that hissed as they passed, all were soon up and astir to learn the news
and look for the promised hard tack and coffee. There was plenty of water in
every little hole, rivulet and brook with which we quenched our thirst and filled
our canteens, though every body from rank and file to commander had been
without regular rations for days, and there was much suffering about us, and
thousands of our brave had fallen, not a murmur or any grumbling was heard,
stoically and patiently waited for the commissariat to appear. Aides were flying
over the field from headquarters to headquarters, officers attended with their quite
numerous staff were passing to and fro, the musical notes of the calls of artillery
and cavalry from Round Top to Gulp's Hill resounded on the morning air.
Ambulances rapidly moving out on the field and slowly and carefully returning
laden with precious anguishing lives on their way to the many field hospitals, that
the dangerously and mortally wounded might have immediate attention. Squads
of soldiers armed with mattock and spade slowly and silently marched out on the
field where strewn with the dead, to cover over, in shallow trenches all that
remained of the immortal heroes that had fallen in battle.

The great struggle was over and the news of victory had already filled the
land, and every loyal heart was animated with new courage and devotion and
pulsated with pride and exhultation that the rebellious enemy of the Govern-
ment and the Union, had been defeated at Gettysburg, and General Lee and
what was left of his great army were on the retreat down the valley of the
Cumberland to the fords of the Potomac at Williamsport and Falling Waters
to escape up the valley by the Shennandoah and avoid capture and destruction.
Deep sorrow filled our hearts because our dear comrades, relatives and
friends had been slain, and yet mortal man cannon tell how thankful were the
survivors that the awful struggle was over and victory secured. We could
now see in the near future, prospect of peace, and every face beamed with joy,
every tongue sounded the praises of his comrades that had been brave and strong
during the long days of continuous fighting. Officers praised their commands
and the rank and file heartily cheered in response.

The stars and stripes waived from every regiment and battery on hill and
in valley, everywhere on the field occupied by the soldiers of the Union army.
All were now more than thankful for what had been acomplished.

SERGT. THUODORIJ STOW, CO. H,
1862.

SERGT. THEODORE STOW, CO. H,
1905-

SERGT. EREDERICK COREISS, CO. H,
1862.

CORP. ANDREW J. SLAYTON, CO. H.
1905-

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 323

The army of the Potomac were having a new experience, celebrating on
this anniversary of National existence its first and only signal victory, and we
of the Green Mountain State were happy because we had been transferred from
the defences of Washington and assigned to the army of the Potomac and thus
fortunately participating in the campaign and battle of Gettysburg, and were
thankful that we had been so placed on the field of battle as to contribute
conspicuous service in securing the great victory.

General Stannard's brigade fully justified and demonstrated the propriety
and fitness of raw volunteers for the most arduous and exacting duties of a
soldier in active warfare, especially when manor born, on the hills and in the
valleys of the old Green Mountain State. It was about nine o'clock in the fore-
noon of July 4th when we saw loaded wagons approaching on the Taneytown
Road, and they brought us rations which were quickly distributed and all now
had a royal feast of hard tack and rain water. It was good and we were
thankful and heartily cheered the assistant quartermaster as he halted his wagons
in front of our brigade.

The fighting was over and an unusual craving for food seemed to prevail
among all. I doubt if any of the 13th had much of anything to eat for more
than two days. I recall the fact of extreme hunger on this morning after the
battle, and have no recollection of any distribution of rations until then, after
reaching Gettysburg. It is true many of us had bought and otherwise obtained
Maryland bread and milk and pies and cakes all the way from Frederick City to
Gettysburg. The rush for hard tack on the arrival of commissary wagons in-
dicated the pressing desire for food. During the forenoon details from the
several companies were made up to go in search for and bring in and bury
those of our brigade that had fallen in battle. This was a sad and solemn
duty, but none hesitated to respond. The dead lay scattered over the field
where they fell and the black and bloated condition of the corpses made it diffi-
cult to recognize in all cases unless an intimate comrade, and no one was re-
moved until fully identified.

Those of the 13th were buried near the position now occupied by us on
a slight elevation, near a stone wall at the south end of an apple orchard near
us. We buried them as they were, without removing their clothing, covering
them over with their blankets, for shrouds and coffins, and then sacredly and
carefully filling the shallow graves with mother earth. The solemn rites of
the battlefield were observed, though we expected all would be removed soon to
their homes, and so far as I know, all of the 13th regiment among the slain
were found and taken home for final burial. Each grave of our comrades
buried at Gettysburg was rudely marked with inscription of name of com-
pany and regiment and date of death carved on a cartridge box cover or pieces
of boards from hard tack boxes that their remains might be found, should
occasion require it. The author was with the squad that brought from the
field and buried, Corporal Wesley C. Sturtevant of Company E, 14th regiment.
The temporary monument that marked his grave was a cartridge box cover
on which I carefully cut with my jack knife, name, company, regiment and
date of death, which marker was taken with his remains to his home in Wey-
bridge, Vt., and by his mother affectionately cherished during a long life and

CORP. WJLLTAM (). WMITK. Cf). TI,
1861.

CORP. WILLIAM O. WHITE, CO. II,
1900,

i^4^

CORP. WILLIAM H. FLETCHER, CO. H,
1866.

CORP. WILLIAM H. FLETCHER, CO. H,
1902,

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 325

by her delivered to me the last time I saw her, which marker is now sacredly
cared for as one of the precious mementoes of my army life.

The rest of the day was spent in writing letters home to relatives and
anxious friends and talking over the incidents of the battle, the horrid sights
where the most desperate fighting took place, the probable conduct and loca-
tion of the enemy, the prospect of immediate pursuit, the number killed and
wounded and whether General Lee would reach Virginia with his army. Com-
pany comrades and tentmates were listening to thrilling stories of brave and
desperate deeds performed during the battle. Each was sure he had killed
an officer, and a dozen or more of the enemy. All had been heroic and had
seen numerous officers and those of the rank and file fall thick and fast as
volley after volley was poured into General Pickett's approaching battle lines. It
was impossible for any one to know the precise result of his aim and firing. The
general result of the firing of the 13th regiment being mostly at short range
was fatal and many fell, during our rapid and indiscriminate firing. We
aimed low and the compact front before us in dead and wounded was fearful.
Most of the boys abandoned the idea of certain knowledge of killing any one.
Our regiment was pretty quiet all day of the 4th of July. The excitement of
battle was over and a relapse followed, and we now began to realize how ex-
hausted and worn out all were.

The army of the Potomac had been on the march for some eighteen days
before reaching Gettysburg, and while still on the march a battle was pre-
cipitated and commenced at day light July ist by General Ambrose P. fiill's
corps atacking General Buford's cavalry, and under such circumstances, it
could not be otherwise that all had been urged to the limit of physical endur-
ance. Not a regiment on the morning of July 4th in a condition to move out
across the field to an attack, much less to pursue a waii'.ng and slow retreating
and now revengful army.

General Lee's batteries still in position on the crest of Seminary Ridge
were a significant warning that though defeated, the army was not demoralized
and routed and were waiting and expecting to be attacked, and did not in
fact as stated by General Longstreet take up the line of march homeward until
late in the night of July 4th. The tremendous storm of lightening, thunder
and rain during the late afternoon and evening of July 4th likely delayed them.
General Lee's army was in better condition for fighting on the morning of
July 4th than General Mead's, for it had been resting among the mountains
before the battle, and the whole Cumberland valley had been requisitioned and
both man and beast had plenty to eat.

If all the regiments were as thoroughly worn out and faint with hunger
as the 13th Vermont (and there is no reason why) then it is certain it would
have been madness to have assumed the aggressive on the morning of July 4tn
charged up the slopes of Seminary Ridge into the face of 150 cannon in posi-
tion ready to fire grape and canister into the ranks of any that might attack
them.

General Mead had won a great, important and significant victory, and the
judgment that resisted the temptation to pursue, placed him among the first

CORP. SILAS JOIIXSON, CO. H,
1863.

FREEMAN WILSON, CO. H,

1906.

JOHN TROWVILLE, CO. H,
1900.

ALFRED W. WEBB, CO. H,
1904.

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 327

Generals of modern times and at the head of the commanders of the army of the
Potomac.

We fixed up our cotton tents as best we could, but the wind and rain
during the afternoon and night of July 4th was so severe they furnished us
but little protection, and in the morning we were drenched to the skin.

A cool breeze came from the west, and the morning sun soon dried our
clothes and all were now very much refreshed and quite well prepared for any
duty. Rumors were rife that the whole army would soon be on the move to
intercept General Lee before he could cross the Potomac. While there was
much about us to justify the rumors afloat, the army remained in position dur-
ing the 5th of July except cavalry that was pressing forward, and the 6th
corps under General Sedgwick moved out on the Hagerstown Road during the
day of the 5th to find Fairfield Pass strongly fortified and a large force of
Lee's army present.

A general move of the army commenced on the morning of the 6th of
July in hot pursuit, and our brigade now commanded by Colonel Randall took
up the line of march across the field where we had our most desperate fighting
with Generals Pickett, Pettigrew, Tremble, Wilcox and Perry's division during
the last hours of the day of July 3rd, passing the Peach Orchard near where
we struck the Emmitsburg Pike followed the crest along which Longstreet's artil-
lery had been located, passing on our left the places since named, the Slaughter
Pen and Devil's Den, little and big Round Tops and over the field where
General Lafayette McLaws and John B. Hood's division of Longstreet's corps
had the desperate fighting on the afternoon of July 2nd to capture Little Round
Top and against General Sickle's flank and then westerly through fields and
over Willoughby and Marsh Run to the same road that had brought us to
Gettysburg on the ist of July, reaching Emmitsburg about mid-day and halted
for dinner and rest where we bivouacked for the night. We had not been
urged on this day's march as when marching to Gettysburg, and we had marched
only some twelve miles and were in very good condition for we were rested
and now had plenty of hard tack and cofifee and all were in high spirits, for
we the victors were in pursuit of the vanquished which made quite a difference
in our feelings and more, we knew our time would be out on the loth, and we
should soon be on our way to Vermont and home.

Those of our regiment that were counted after the battle as missing (most
of them) came straggling in after the fighting was over, and before we left
Gettysburg. Quite a number of these fell out on the last day's march to Gettys-
burg overcome with heat and fatigue and faint because of thirst and hunger,
and some when we first heard the roar of cannon were suddenly stricken with
symptoms of cannon fever, and could not march any further in the direction of
the battlefield, and some even after arriving at Gettysburg when looking for
water wandered too far away and lost themselves behind trees, fences and walls
and the banks of the brooks and forgot to find themselves and return until
after the fighting was all over.

John Mollo and Jerry Vincelette of Company K were prostrated with heat
and fear on the charge at sundown of the second day, and Silas Mozier, of Com-
pany K during the severest of the cannonading of the last day became so

STEPHEN (). PARKIIURS'I', CD, H,
1861.

MARCUS AINSWORTH, CD. H,
1862.

EEANDER KIRBY, CO. H

1904.

WILLIAM ROAKS, CO. H,
1887.

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 329

excited and bewildered that he charged to the rear (instead of to the front)
in good time, throwing his gun as he ran and returned on the morning we
started on the march in pursuit of the retreating enemy without a scratch or
even a bullet hole through his cap, but he had on a new uniform which had
evidently been exchanged with a dead soldier. Similar examples of dastardly
conduct were rumored from other companies, perhaps without foundation, and
only two or three of Company K lacked sufficient courage to face mortal danger
until the end. Those of Company K thus afflicted were born in Canada and of
French descent, and yet nearly all of French descent in Co. K, were good fellows
and as brave and loyal as any in the regiment. The only desertions from Co.
K were Yankee born, two; one at Brattleboro the next day after muster in,
and the other after a long sickness when weak in body and mind. There were, so
far as I know or ever heard of, no native born cowards in the 13th Vermont
Regiment. Likely it is true that now and then a person found it physically
impossible to face impending danger like a charge against belching cannon, and for
such the common soldier who has experienced the desperate charge has much sym-
pathy. We had one soldier (who had disgraced the uniform he wore) and
in extenuation of his conduct said that "I had rather be a live coward than a
dead hero." Few of this kind were found in the ranks of Vermont soldiers. AVe
left Emmitsburg early on the morning of the 7th in good marching condition,
buoyant with hope that we might intercept General Lee's army before it crossed
the Potomac, for it was said that the heavy rain had so flooded the Potomac that
it was imposible to cross at the fords. Our line of march this day
was south down the Monocacy valley over the same roads that we hurried
north on the week before and then west over the Catoctin mountain on our
way to Middletown, Maryland. The roads were muddy and part of the way
blocked with moving troops of infantry, cavalry and artillery, making progress
very slow and tiresome a part of the way.

The march over the mountain of six miles was a hard one, and part of
the time in the rain. We must have marched more than thirty miles this day
before stopping for the night, and some were not able to keep up and did not
reach camp until morning. It was the longest day's march by us made on this
campaign. We bivouacked on the west slope of the mountain and near its
base, in an open and very uneven field of pasture land near the highway. It
was long after dark when our regiment received orders to halt for the night.
The boys tried to build fires to make coffee, but the rain had left everything so
wet a quick fire was impossible, and hard tack with hot coffee was a little late,
but it was good and now we had plenty. All were tired and as soon as we
could arrange our shelter tents, laid down on the wet ground with a rubber
blanket beneath and a cotton shelter tent over head and soon were sound in
sleep regardless of the storm that burst against the mountain side during the night.
The night was hot and the rain warm, and some who lay in shallow hollows
were awakened by a flood of water that came down the mountain dashing and
tumbling and running over and about us, even into the ears, and mouths of
some, compelling a change to more elevated ground.

It was Egyptian darkness and only by the rapid flash of lightning could
we see in what direction it was safe to move. It so happened that Captain

^

^

■>,j^M

M

L

'^ ^

m

1

^

EDWARD E. AUS'ITN, CO. H,
1868.

EDWARD E. AUSTIN, CO. H,
1907.

EZEKIEL PIERCE, CO. H,
1862.

FERGUS CANNON, CO. H,
1880.

On the Battlefield of Gettysburg. 331

Blake and myself slept this night beneath the same shelter tent, and before we
were aware of it water was running over our feet but this was nothing com-
pared to what we had endured, and the danger if any was to those down in
the valley. All were drenched with water, our boots and shoes were full. We
paid but little attention to this inconvenience and made hasty preparation for
breakfast which for a change consisted of rain water, coffee, hard tack and
raw pork. Some, however, with a sharp pointed stick broiled their salt pork
in the slow blazing spitting fire and smoke. It was better this way, though
black with smoke and begrimed with ashes. Notwithstanding our clothes were
soaked with the rain of the night and previous day, the boys were happy, full
of fun and cracking jokes, telling funny stories and relating some of the ex-
periences recently passed through at Gettysburg. The missing during the
battle who were now back in the ranks listened in silence when any reference
made to Pickett's charge, and I am sure regretted sincerely their absence in
this important crisis of our service and the war.

The weather cleared and the sun appeared, though late, for we were on
the west side of the mountain and near its base, but it was unusually welcome
on this morning for in its warm rays our belongings could be dried, and our
knapsacks packed for the march of that day. Rumor said the waters of the
Potomac were high and that General Lee's army could not cross, and there was
expectation of fighting, and we were to start for Boonsboro over south Moun-
tain, through Turner's Gap with the rest of the infantry now in the vicinity of
Middletown.

This rumor of following up Lee's army did not meet with very hearty ap-
proval by the 13th regiment, for we knew our time would be out on the loth
and that there was no pressing need for our regiment to remain in pursuit
longer. The 12th regiment whose time expired on the 4th of July had been
detached and sent home and there seemed no good reason why the 13th should
not follow, and all expected an order to that effect would be received before
the loth of July. It was true, however, that the regiment would, to a man
volunteered to remain as long as there was urgent demand or any danger from
General Lee's army. It was generally believed that General Lee having reached
the Potomac with his whole army which was not demoralized and had fortified,
he would be able to cross on pontoon bridges if the water remained too high
for fording, and that there was no probability of another general battle north
of the Potomac. General Lee would fight no more battles away from home
unless attacked. He had had a new experience and learned an important
lesson. It was nine o'clock before we started on the march down the steep
mountain road and as we hastened were as happy, gay and musical as boys
could be who had proven themselves heroic and victorious in battle, and now
were on their way home conscious of performing the full measure of duty
during the time of their service. We soon reached the beautiful little village
of Middletown, Maryland, nestled beneath the slopes of the Catoctin mountain
in the lovely and fertile valley between the Catoctin and South Mountain
and as we had ample reason to believe the homes of brave men and women
loyal to the stars and stripes, for from many a window and house top waved
the stars and stripes we had volunteered to defend. The porches and front

THOMAS MORWAV, CO. II,
1904.

CHARLES 0. ESTIJS, CO. H,

THEODORn; M. SLAYTON, CO. H,

1863.

THEODORE M. SEAYTON, CO. H,
1908.

In Pursuit of General Lee and His Vanquished Army. 333

yards of the houses and streets were crowded with lovely girls and beauti-
ful women who greeted us on every hand with waving handkerchiefs and
banners, enticing smiles, patriotic songs and hearty cheers. These gaily dressed
girls reminded us of those over the mountain in Adamstown that captivated
our hearts when we were on our way up the valley of the Monocacy to Fred-
erick City in search of the army of Northern Virginia only a few days before.

We marched through the village and a mile or two beyond into an open
meadow field commanding a beautiful and extensive view of the country for
miles around. The Catoctin and South Mountains loomed up to the east and
west and to the north and south, and as far as the eye could see were cultivated
fields and farm buildings indicating thrift and contentment. We reached this posi-
tion during the forenoon and were ordered to rest and prepare for dinner.

No one found fault with this order for the march of the previous day
down the valley and over the mountain in rain and mud thirty miles had told
on our endurance almost to the limit, and we were thankful for the much needed
rest. The valley seemed filled with troops on the move and we were informed
the Sixth corps was near by to the north and west, having just arrived. In
this corps was the first or old Vermont brigade, and many of our relatives and
friends were there, and many hastened for permission to go and see them, and
many did, and quite a large number from the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th regi-
ments visited our camp while here during the afternoon of July 8th. The old
veterans and yet many were boys under twenty, had fought under Little Mac
as they called him in the Peninsular Campaign and at Antietam, and at Fredericks-
burg and Chancellorsville under Burnside and Hooker, and we welcomed them
as the heroes of many battles and were right glad to see them again, for we
too now, could boast of duty done in battle. They heartily congratulated us
on the record we had made at Gettysburg. The author was one of quite a
large delegation that visited the camp of the old brigade, especially to see his
brother of Company C, 5th V^ermont Regiment.

Rumor said that this was our last camp and that orders had been received
to detach the 13th regiment from the brigade and send it to Vermont to be
mustered out.

Hucksters from Middletown village passed through our camp with well
filled baskets of lucious berries and cherries, pies and cakes, which were tempt-
ing to all, but few only, could buy because our green backs and scrip were
pretty much spent on the march to Gettysburg. We could not borrow of our
comrades, for they too were short, and it would not now do 'to adopt the
requisition plan without pay, and besides the inhabitants here were loyal and
their rights must not be infringed upon. Even Hi Smith, Jim Burns, Dick
Hatch or Ed. Curry of Company K did not attempt to appropriate from the
women and children that peddled in our camp. We were furnished by the
commissariat hard tack and other rations in abundance of good quality, and
there was no occasion now to even buy and no possible excuse for stealing,
and none did steal.

The rumor of being detached was soon verified by Colonel Randall who
came riding in among his regiment, having turned over the command of the
brigade to Colonel Veazey of the i6th regiment. There was no longer doubt as

ADONIRAM lUDSCIN STONIt, CO. II,
1863.

ADONIRAM JUDSON STONE, CO. H,
1898.

SETH A. MOORE, CO. H,
1862.

WALTER BURKE, CO. H,
1862.

In Pursuit of General Lee and His Vanquished Army. 335

to the direction of our next day's march. Late in the afternoon came orders to
be ready to march early the next morning over the mountain to Frederick City
and to Monocacy Junction to take cars for Baltimore. Every face now beamed
with hope and every tongue spoke words of joy because of the welcome news
that the next day's march would find us on our way home where we knew
an affectionate welcome awaited our coming.

Our camp was soon a lively scene, for the boys of the 14th, 15th and i6th
came to bid us good by, and good luck, and expressed the hope they would soon
follow. We now speedily closed the hastily written letters with the news that
we were on the way home. Our knapsacks were now packed with care, our
haversacks supplied with rations for the long anticipated journey. The
veteran boys of the old brigade having learned of our home going came in
squads to congratulate us on our record made at Gettysburg and to send
messages home and bid us farewell, and at the same time expressing encourag-
ing prospects that the war would soon be over.

General Lee had met his first Waterloo, and was disappointed and humili-
ated, and his valiant army had experienced its first real and substantial defeat,
and were now endeavoring to escape across the Potomac up the Shennandoah
Valley through the Blue Ridge Gaps across the Rappahannock into the valley
of Northern Virginia back home to rest, reflect and plan for the future.

The boys of the old brigade ardently expressed high hopes that they too
would soon be marching home. That last afternoon and evening of camp life
was full of hope, joy and recurring anticipations of plans made before we
volunteered. The uncertainties of war during the previous nine months had
firmly held in obeyance all hope of realization of laudable and ambitious plans
so ardently cherished before we decided to serve our country as soldiers. Now
as we were about to leave the army and return to civil life new questions came
rushing in for consideration; ought we to re-enlist and continue in the service
until peace was declared, or having served our full term of enlistment and
rendered faithful and valuable service could we say that we had experienced
the hardships and dangers of strenuous warfare and performed our duty to
country and justify returning to the fulfilment of individual preparation for
the responsibilities of civil life. The subject of future action had often been a
topic of conversation and some had said they should re-enlist but nearly all
preferred to return home and then decide. All must remember how happy we
were that last evening in camp, how the army songs rang out with unusual
spirit and emotion, with what zeal and feeling the whole regiment sang "John
Brown's body is marching on." We were for a moment lost to every thought
and care of the gory fields of Gettysburg, and the struggles for victory and
restoration of the Union, thinking now only ot home and its associations. The
song, jest, and merry laugh and animated conversation awakened the sentiment
of anticipations so loiig dormant, and renewed the hope of all, officers and
rank and file alike. This night in camp was unlike any we had experienced,
unusual buoyancy and gladness pervaded every heart and we laid down for
rest and sleep anxious for the coming day. There was much moving of
troops and commotion about during the night indicating a general advance of
the army, but we knew our next march would be toward the Green Hills and

GEORGE VV. XICIIOLS, CO. H,
1862.

GEORGE W. NICHOES, CO. H,
1887.

ANDREW E. OSGOOD, CO. H,
1862.

MARCUS DEMERIT, CO. H,
1902.

Returning Home from the War. 337

fertile valleys of our native state, and we slept on, dreaming of loved ones
left behind impatiently waiting our return. It was not expected at this time
that General Lee and his army could be captured or hindered from crossing
the Potomac, and nothing further of any importance in this campaign was
likely to be accomplished, and therefore we of the 13th had no particular desire
to follow in the wake of tl'^e retreating army of General Lee.

Before the morning sun began to light up the eastern sky the boys were
up making preparations for breakfast and for the march over Catoctin Moun-
tain to Frederick City and then to Monocacy Junction to take the cars for
Baltimore homeward bound. The hour for breaking camp was fixed at seven
o'clock in the morning and all planned accordingly. Knapsacks were carefully
looked over, arranged and packed for the homeward march, haversacks were
filled with rations, our uniforms, straps and guns cleaned and brushed up as
best we could under the circumstances. We were at this time a pretty seedy,
dirty, hard looking set of soldiers, and our pride was aroused now that we were
to journey through Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, New liaven and then
up the Connecticut valley, through Springfield where we saw so many pretty
girls when on our way to Washington in October before, and we did our best
to improve our appearance.

We had been on the march and in battle for fifteen days in sunshine and
storm, mud and dust, camping down on the ground wherever overtaken by
night, no oportunity or time to wash up or change underwear, sleeping all dressed
ready to respond at a moment's warning to the long roll or the roll call, and
it is no wonder that some of the boys fouid grey backs, (body lice) on their
persons at the end of the march, but we were soon rid of these busy crawling,
biting grey backs, and then we could sleep in peace. Some of us left our
underwear behind for it was too much alive for use or comfort. It was
quite a common thing to find grey backs and woodticks on our person, and it
was no disgrace, but to keep them was.

The morning meal was finished, knapsacks packed ready to be thrown
across the shoulders and strapped and buckled on, haversacks and canteens
well supplied and all were ready long before the hour more anxious than ever
to take up the line of march. It was a lovely morning, and the hills and moun-
tains that held the valley and the thousands of soldiers moving westward over
the mountain towards Sharpsburgh and Boomsboro and where the army of
Northern Virginia were held at bay by the high waters of the Potomac in
front and General Mead's menacing army in the rear. All made an inspiring
and attractive sight and the boys expressed the wish to follow the old Ver-
mont brigade as it passed us on its way in pursuit, thinking there was some
probability of capture of General Lee and his army, and were desirous of being
present at the surrender that some believed at hand.

We had to retrace our steps back near Middletown in order to reach the
national road leading easterly over the Catoctin Mountain to Frederick City
and by so doing we met the old \"ermont Brigade now commanded by General
Louis A. Grant who had been dubbed by the boys who loved and admired him
and his heroic courage as "Aunt Lydia." They were on their way over South

ORVIS P. BOYI^ES, CO. K,
1862.

ORVIS P. BOYI,i;s, CO. H,
1906.

RUr-'US II. SI^AYTON, CO. H,

1864.

AURA LYFORD, CO. H.
1862.

Returning Home from the War. 339

Mountain through Turner's Gap to Boonsboro and the valley of Antietam
then filled with General Lee's army waiting to cross the Potomac.

Our friends in the old brigade congratulated us because so soon again
to see the green hills of Vermont and home and friends and by us they sent
mesages to their friends. We waited for them to pass and then marched
in the opposite direction through Middletown village ascending the mountain
some miles east of Middletown. And this march was over and not through
any natural gap in the mountain. The road over had been made at great expense
and with care, and in the ascent run along the mountain side quite a number
of miles gradually ascending before reaching the top in order to make a pass-
able highway. As we ascended from the valley a grand panoramic view con-
tinuously passed before us changing and expanding as we climbed the mountain
side. The valley that we had just left in addition to being dressed in Nature's
best was now covered with a great army in camp and moving cavalry, infantry
and artillery and white cotton covered wagons loaded with supplies, parked
here and there in the valley below moving across and up and down towards
Harper's Ferry. We reached the top about noon and there we were halted
for rest and refreshment. It had been a long hard climb, the weather was hot
and our progress was slow meeting troops hurrying forward in pursuit of
General Lee's army. We rested for about an hour and though on our way
home were slow to leave the attractive scenes of the valley, streams and moun-
tains behind. As we looked southwest down and across the valley not more
than twenty miles as the crow flies was Harper's Ferry, Va., situated on the
Peninsula made by the Potomac and the Shennandoah rivers in and among the
mountains of Blue Ridge. We could see and tell its location by Maryland,
Louden and Boliver Heights which loomed up to view and then and there in-
voluntarily the book of memory opened and we began to read some of its more
important history. And first, and the most far reaching in its consequences in
relation to humanity and national crime was American Slavery, the doom of
which was hastened by the thrilling episode connected with John Brown, who
on the 17th of October, 1859, with his sons, five negroes and others entered
Harper's Ferry, seized the United States Armory and Arsenal with the devowed
purpose of freedom to the colored race held in bondage. The overt and foolish
act inspired by John Brown, a brave, heroic and courageous man because of
his solicitude for his fellowmen in bondage aroused suddenly the nation and in
fact was the first gun fired that precipitated and hastened the war of the Rebellion
and accomplished what John Brown sought to do, the freedom of the slaves
and destruction of American Slavery.

A strange coincidence occurred here on this momentous occasion. Colonel
Robert E. Lee, Lieutenant J. E. B. Stuart then officers in the regular army of
the United States were hastened from Washington to Harpers Ferry to sup-
press a reported insurrection and protect government property. Colonel R. E.
Lee and Lieutenant J. E. B. Stuart became later the most distinguished and
able Generals of the Confederate army. They led the attack that resulted in
the death of two of John Brown's sons and others, and the hanging of John
Brown on December 2nd, 1859. To the everlasting credit of Lieutenant J. E. B.
Stuart it can be said he endeavored to convince John Brown of the utter folly

Rt'SSELL WHEIiLOCK, CO. H,

1890.

CLIFFUS DRUGG, CM. II,
1907.

^^^^^^^^■kC .-^^

^^^^^^^^^^^Ikpu^-- - ' .u^H^^^^^^^^I^^^^^^I

CHARLES ADAMS, CO. H,
1895.

SAMUEL AUSTIN, CO. H,
1862.

Returning Home from the War. 341

of his mission and urged him to surrender and avoid capture by force and the
shedding of blood. While the fire still burned among the ruins of Fort
Sumter a plan was consummated at Richmond to capture the Arsenal and its
contents and shops at Harper's Ferry on the i8th of April, 1861. General
Harper in command of the state militia by the direction of Governor Letcher
marched in and took possession of the Arsenal, work shops and their contents.
And it was here in the first week of May, 1861, that Thomas J. Jackson after-
wards called Stonewall Jackson first appeared on the theatre of actual warfare
and took charge of his first command which was Virginia militia, and here too
Lieutenant J. E. B. Stuart, the greatest of cavalry leaders of the army of
Virginia and Confederate forces, received his first command as Lieutenant Col-
onel, and was here assigned to his first duty by General Jackson (Stonewall Jack-
son) in May, 1861.

It was at the battle of First Bull Run that General Jackson was given the
sobriquet of Stonewall Jackson by General Lee because his brigade stood as
solid as a stonewall when General Lee's troops were fleeing in fear to the
rear of a stone bridge. This name passed from the brigade to its commander
and he was ever after called Stonewall Jackson.

Harper's Ferry was the scene of early active operations of both Federal
and Rebel forces being on the Potomac that was the natural as well as the
political boundry lines between the loyal and the so called Rebel States.

General Joseph P. Johnston came to Harper's Ferry in May, 1861, and took
command, and here Johnston and Jackson remained organizing an army until
the battle of First Bull Run, July 21, 1861, and it was from this vicinity that
they hastened to General Beauregard's assistance to save the day and win the
battle of First Bull Run, or battle of Manassas, as called by Confederate His-
torians.

Harper's Ferry again loomed up into much controversal importance because
of the surrender by Colonel Dixon S. Miles soon after General Pope's defeat
at Second Bull Run battle August 29th, 30th and 31st, curiously enough by
circumstances the 9th Vermont having been hastily enrolled, organized and sent
to Washington were within thirty days from muster into the United States
service placed on the front line near Winchester, Virginia midst the scenes of
most strenuous offensive, manoeuvering and operations on the part of Colonel
Lee following his victory over General McClellan on the Peninsula before
Richmond.

General White in whose command was the 9th Vermont on the approach
of General Lee's army on orders retreated from Winchester to Harper's Ferry
and here because of neglect of General McClellan again in command of the
army of the Potomac were General White and Colonel Miles with their com-
mands left until surrounded by the advance of General Tree's army, and were
rather disgracefully surrendered by Colonel Dixon S. Miles to the great disgust of
Colonel Stannard and his regiment. Some of the ist Vermont Cavalry fought
their way out and Colonel Stannard would have done the same if given per-
mission.

The battle of Antietam, fought immediately after this surrender offered no
consolation to the Vermonters of the 9th then on their way across Maryland
to a parole camp at Annapolis, Maryland.

ISAAC KIM BAH, CO. H,
1862.

CORP. DORMAN CONNERS, CO.H,
1861.

LYMAN I!. niNKSON, CO. H,
1862.

LYMiAN B. HINKSOX, CO. H,
189I.

Returning Home from the War. 343

Colonel Stannard was mad because Colonel Miles surrendered and would
not allow him an opportunity to attempt to fight his way out of Harper's Ferry.

The boys of the 13th were quite familiar with all that had occurred in and
about Harper's Ferry from John Brown's invasion to free the slaves held in
bondage down to the time we were on the top of the Cotoctin Mountain watch-
ing the moving troops in the direction of Harper's Ferry to intercept General
Lee's army from crossing the Potomac and reaching Virginia, hoping at least
that this campaign would be so disastrous as to end the war. We had heard
how Colonel Miles surrendered and what General Stannard then Colonel of the
9th said to him on the occasion, and we were sorry that our brave commander
had been wounded at Gettysburg and was not present with his brigade march-
ing now towards Harper's Ferry. All these incidents passed rapidly through
our minds as we sat on the mountain top on that noon day, July 9th, 1863,
lunching from our haversacks on our way to Fredericks City and Monocacy
Junction. It was no wonder that when the order came to fall in the boys all
along the line involuntarily commenced to sing the familiar lines "John Brown's
body lies moulding in the grave," as it seemed to me with more fervor and
great emotion than ever before.

Harper's Ferry was less than twenty miles away and the gentle wind from
the southwest that floated over among us seemed to be still laden with an inspira-
tion of dauntless courage and solicitude for those in bondage of this grand old
man who suffered martyrdom on an ignominous scaffold at Charlestown, Va.,
December 2nd, 1859. John Brown was indicted and tried for murder and
treason, but in the broader sense he was not guilty of either. Men of like
mould who were not afraid to die and were willing to lay down life on the
altar of right saved the Union in its mighty struggle for existence.

The author has no desire to burden the reader with opinions that are remote
from the subject at hand. We continued our march across the mountain and
down its eastern slopes in a zig zag course to the valley below arriving at Fred-
ericks City, Maryland late in the afternoon. We marched into the city by the
same road that we had marched out ten days before on our way north. Just
before we reached the city, perhaps a mile outside, a rumor run through the
regiment that the same sweet singer that sang patriotic songs in our camp while
at East Capitol Hill, Washington, D. C, and who sang as you must remember
a piece which ended in the chorus "From many a spire in Richmond" had been
convicted as a spy and was now hanging by the neck to a tree nearby. It was
intimated at the time that he was in our camp he might be a spy, and some of
us who remembered him well and what was said and who listened to him, bought
his songs and sent them home, were curious enough to fall out and go into the
open fields some sixty rods back from the road where stood a large apple tree
where it was said he was still hanging, to investigate and see if the fellow who
had been caught and "found guilty as a spy the day before was really the same
fellow. Quite a number went out to see, the author with the rest. We found
a man dressed in citizen's clothes on the ground, a rope around his neck, but
some one had cut the rope by shooting and the man lay as he fell. His size
and general looks justified the claim that he was the same man that we saw in
our camp on East Capitol Hill in October, 1862. There was no doubt but what

THOMAS J. SL.WTdN. CO. II,
1880.

GRKGORY FLOOD, CO. H,
1880.

HENRY FASSETT, CO. H,
1863.

HFNRV FASSETT, CO. H,
1006.

Returning Home from the War. 345

he was a Rebel spy and therefore had justly earned the punishment inflicted.
We hastened away from the gruesome sight, overtook our regiment before it
reached the city.

Troops had been passing through the city for many days, night and day,
and yet windows and piazzas, front yards and walks were covered with the
curious to see us pass, and many anxiously inquired who we were, where we
had been and where bound. If we had been in the fight at Gettysburg, and
some, yes many, seemed equally interested to converse with us because we
were first from the field of battle and victory to pass through their city. We
recognized again and passed by Barbara Frietchie's old home and all now
seemed to understand that in the dwelling so long her home was the vacant
chair. The whole regiment respectfully and silently passed by with uncovered
heads at the sound of muffled drums. It was evident from expression and
appearance that many there, were disappointed because of the defeat of General
Lee and his army. Others were making demonstrations of joy and gratification
by clapping of hands, patriotic songs, waving of flags and handkerchiefs and
hearty cheers, and not a few pressed forward and took us by the hand and
feelingly expressed their appreciation for what had been accomplished at
Gettysburg and seemed happy over the privilege of grasping the hand of the
boys that had taken part in that great battle. The whole city was out to see
and greet us, and it seemed to me there were more loyal citizens now than
when we passed through on our way to Gettysburg ten days before. The girls
in short dresses gave us posies, the maidens roses and their sweet smiles, the
boys gave us fruit, and the matrons cake and coffee and all vied with each
other in expressions of good will.

Quite a number of the boys stopped to make love to the girls they could
not pass by, and were left behind, for as you know we were on our way to
Monocacy Junction and must reach there before dark to take passage for Balti-
more. Though I believe Colonel Randall did halt the regiment for thirty
minutes just after we passed through the city to give his boys (as he always
called us) a chance to see the sights — the girls, and buy knicknacks, etc., before
leaving the city. Yes, the boys wanted to buy, but most of us had spent our
last shin plaster on our march up the valley and we could not buy and it would
"not now do to practice army tricks and habits in what now appeared to be a
loyal city. We spent a very pleasant hour on this our second visit in their city.

We finaly reached Frederick or Monocacy Junction just before sundown
jaded out from the long hard march over the mountain of twenty miles or
more, but with few stragglers, though some were lame because of slight wounds
received in battle and the exhausted march to Gettysburg, none complained.
Lieutenant Albert Clark of Company G and Sergeant James Halloway of Com-
pany K limped all the way from Gettysburg and Emmitsburg to Monocacy
Junction, but nothing less than the shooting away of a foot would deter such
men from remaining with the regiment in the performance of duty to the end.
I could not avoid observing some of Company K (likely not so in other com-
panies) that lagged behind and fell out before we reached the battlefield, they
were now the best on the march of any, and really showed the best endurance
and anxiety to reach the goal (home). They uttered not a word of complaint

Home of Mrs. Wilcoxson near Camp Wolf Run Shoals, Va., where Lieut.
Carmi L. Marsh was sick January and February, 1863.

Returning Home from the War. 347

or faltered in the march from Gettysburg to Monocacy Junction. It does
make a difference now and then in soldiers whether marching to or from battle.
All are not born courageous, and I sincerely believe it to be impossible
for such to face belching cannon or make the desperate charge. Such should
never volunteer as soldiers.

As a complete illustration of this view, one of the best officers in our
regiment, likely the best educated and polished gentleman of any and well liked
by all who knew him fitted for the position he held with the single and most
important exception, namely, courage ; the sound of cannon and prospect of
battle involuntarily prostrated him so he could not go into action. He had
my pity, and in some degree my sympathy, for I knew full well one must bring
to his aid the very best element of manly courage, fortitude and devotion or
else he could not deliberately march into battle, facing grape and canister and
hand to hand struggle.

The boys for the present had finished their marching and all were now in
the best of temper and seemed happy and jovial though ragged and tired. We
had arrived at the railroad station, and the last day's march was at an end, we
were thankful and were soon to take the cars for Baltimore. We had a right
to manifest happiness for we were soon to see home and friends and as a regi-
ment had performed manfully every duty, and accomplished as much in a
single hour at Gettysburg as some regiments that followed the flag wherever
duty called during their term of enlistment. We had maintained the well
earned reputation of Vermont soldiers and were justly proud of our conduct
in General Pickett's great charge and there fully vindicated the right to be
called after our ancestral heroes as the Green Mountain Boys of 1861, 1865.
At Monocacy Junction we indifferently lunched from the contents of our haver-
sacks, realizing that likely it was the last supper on army rations, with ground
for tables and chairs, and haversacks, canteens, tin plates and cups, iron knives,
forks and spoons for dishes. We had become used to this manner of eating
and were somewhat attached to its simplicity and rude and careless etiquette,
and truly a sentiment of peculiar feeling had developed around our camp fires
during our term of service that now as we sat around eating our last meal in
true army style all grew sad and reflective to think though on our way home
the ties that had bound us together stronger and stronger each day must now
be severed, and that the chain of comradeship each link of which had been
cemented around the camp fires, on the weary march, the lonely vigils of the
picket line and on the battlefield must for the present be broken and dear
comrades parted with, perhaps forever, and we deeply regretted the parting
and almost wished it might continue a little longer till the war was over, which
we then believed, some of us, would soon be declared.

The back bone of the Rebellion had been broken at Gettysburg, and even
the common soldiers could now plainly see the end of the war and the restora-
tion of the Union.

General Lee and his mighty and valiant army, the flower of the veterans
of the Confederate soldiers had met with an overwhelming defeat and likely
now for the first time began to realize they were not invincible, and might yet
be compelled to abandon their high hopes of a new and independent govern-

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CAl'T. JOHN M. THATCHER, CO. I,
1862.

LIEUT. CHARI.KS E. BANCROFT, CO. I,
1862.

LIEUT. SAMUEL F. PRENTISS, CO. I,
1862.

LIEUT. JAMES S. PECK, CO. I,
1862.

Returning Home from the War. 349

ment with the wicked, cruel and disgraceful institution of human slavery, as
the chief corner stone of its foundation.

Humiliation and disgrace, as they looked upon it, had come like a clap of
thunder from a cloudless sky, at Gettysburg, and the rank and file no longer
relied on the assurances given, and promises made, that the Yankee army,
the mud sills of the north, were hirelings and not their equal in battle, and would
surely be conquered and surrender and the Confederate government would
establish a new order of things and distribute munificently to those engaged
in the war of the Rebellion the wealth of the northern states. All such ground-
less and foolish inducements held out which had long been used to maintain
the morale among their armies, Gettysburg had convinced them were not good
and reliable, and all from Jeff Davis down, that could read the lessons of the
last campaign saw the handwriting on the wall that foretold the doom of the
Confederate cause and government in the near future. No profit or seer
needed to be summoned to interpret their hopes and dreams of conquest and
glory, wealth and ease, and the enthraldom of a race of people in slavery for-
ever. All such high hopes in a single hour vanished in the valley of Plum Run,
Gettysburg, July 3rd, 1863, forever.

It was not long after reaching Monocacy Junction that it was announced
"No transportation cars ready to convey us to Baltimore", not a passenger
car anywhere to be seen. Only a few old dirty cattle cars here and there
about the station could any where be found. Colonel Randall was indignant
and wrought up to a condition bordering on the verge of wrath and profanity
because no preparation for passage to Baltimore. He had urged his regiment
from Middletown over the mountain, through the mud, tropical sun in order
to reach there at a given time, being assured transportation would be in waiting.
When the Colonel was aroused he was not slow to express his disappointment
in strong terms, never lacked adjectives to give vent to his feelings of disgust
and disappointment, and when he was told that the old nasty cattle cars nearby
were provided and to be used for taking his regiments to Baltimore, he was

mad and said it was a shame to ask his boys to ride like cattle in such

old cars, dirty and nasty from recent use in bringing cattle to the army, after

having been on the march and in battle every day for fifteen days and be

if he would submit to it ; would sooner march to Baltimore than be crowded
helter skelter and be obliged to stand up or wallow in the dirt and offal that
covered not only the floor but sides of the cars ; that his boys would march
home to Vermont if necessary before riding in cars besmeared with manure,
hair, mud, etc., and all were dangerous cars besides. If his regiment must ride
in a box and half open cars he wanted some that were safe and decent His
boys had fought at Gettysburg and did not propose to have them killed now by
cars. It was soon evident that those in charge of the cars did not like the way
Colonel Randall expressed his pent up contempt and his threat to ask for
better cars and began to stir to see what could be done. In the course of an
hour or so some very good looking box cars came in from the east and into
these we piled bag and baggage fifty or more in each car no seats only the
floor. We sat our guns up in the corners and made seats of our knapsacks,
those that had any, and we were on our way to Baltimore soon after dark. We

I^IEUT. CHESTER W. SEARLES, CO. I,
1863.

EIEL'T. CHESTER VV. SEARLES, CO. I,
1906.

SERGT. GEORGE W. BI^ANCEIARD, CO. I,
1862.

SERGT. GEORGE W. BLANCHARD, CO. I,
1880.

Returning Home from the War. 351

stood up and sat down with our backs against the side of the cars as suited
us best. The road was rough and we could not stand without holding on or
standing against the sides of the cars, but we were quite content for it was
better than marching in the mud and hot sun and any kind of a car was a
palace compared to what we had had for sleeping quarters for the last fifteen
days. Some of the boys remarked it was all right for it would not be healthy
to change from marching to riding in good passenger cars too suddenly, and
that we were on our way home and not as particular as when we first entered
the service.

As we journeyed all joined in telling stories and cracking jokes and relat-
ing experiences of march and battle, and some by what they said, had already
began to build air castles and plan again for the future. It was a slow rough
ride, but far better than marching and carrying your own baggage. We arrived
at Ellicott City, Maryland after mid-night and here we were delayed for con-
siderable time in waiting for moving trains and for orders, however, we reached
Baltimore before day-light fully satisfied that that journey was at an end. We
stacked arms on the platform of the depot and anxiously waited for day-light
and the opening of the bakers and other shops of the city. Some of the boys
had carefully hoarded up a few dollars to be used in case of necessity, and
many of the regiment were in a condition as to food and raiment that demanded
immediate attention. Haversacks and stomachs were empty and shirts and
underwear dirty, not having had a chance to wash and change since we left
Camp Carusi, Va., June 25th, and quite a number threw away their extra
shirts, socks and drawers on the march thinking what they had on would answer
until a battle was reached, and some likely would not need another. Going
so long without changing was rather bad business, for body lice, or gray backs
as we called them, took up their abode on our persons which made us anxious
to buy an extra shirt and find a bath house.

The little money we had was soon spent, but we came out of the bath
houses and barber shops so changed in appearance that even tentmates hardly
recognized each other. It was a relief to be rid of dirty tattered under gar-
ments as well as body lice. We left our discarded clothes in the bath rooms,
having no further use for them or what was on them that had taken refuge in
the seams and folds while camping on the old camp grounds on our way to
Gettysburg.

We spent the day in Baltimore cleaning up and doing our best to improve
our general appearance and comfort. Rations of coffee an soft bread were
furnished during the day which answered all right, and it was in fact an im-
provement on what we had for the last ten days, and all were satisfied. Those
who had green backs and scrip bought pies, gingerbread and cakes, and lemon-
ade and beer to wash it down.

Permission was given to visit places of interest in the city with the injunc-
tion to be back in two hours, for we expected to start for Philadelphia on short
notice. We were on our way home and there was no danger of stragglers, for
it left behind no money to pay fares. We had not forgotten what had occurred
in this city thus far during the war, and had no desire to travel about the city

1

km!:},:^

v^

3

1

■

r3

SERGT. AI^FRED B. THOMPSON, CO. I,
1863.

SERGT. ASA C. ATHERTON, CO. I,
1862.

SERGT. CHARLES C. VARNEY, CO. I,
1862.

SERGT. CHARLES C. VARNEY, CO. I,
1864.

Returning Home from the War — at Baltimore. 353

or mingle with the inhabitants, a majority of whom were at heart in sympathy
with the cause of the Rebellion.

Baltimore during the war was full of rebel spies and Confederate sym-
pathizers and our trips about the city were in squads as a precaution. We
were not afraid, but preferred not to have a clash with any one, for we were
not in a temper to take back talk from man or woman that hoped for the
defeat of our armies and overthrow of the Union.

To our disappointment we remained in Baltimore over night waiting for
Surgeon Nichols to arrive from Washington with those that had been sent to
Washington and Alexandria into the hospital before we started on the march.
We left Baltimore on the evening of the ith and reached Philadelphia in the
early morning of the 12th. All had lotted on a visit once more to the Quaker
City, for the handsome cordial treatment and sumptuous supper given us when
we passed through on our way to Washington just nine months before was
still fresh in memory.

No one doubted that a nice breakfast was waiting for us at the same old
stand, though regiments often a number each day had been passing through
Philadelphia during the last year to and from the seat of war and not one but
what was furnished a good square meal, kind treatment and encouragement
by the loyal citizens of that patriotic city. The first women of the city waited
upon us at the tables and with sympathetic hearts and earnest solicitations made
inquiry as to our health and our part at Gettysburg and eagerly listened to
our stories of the great battle. We sat long at the sumptuous laden and attrac-
tive tables for we were hungry and it was the first time we had sat down to a
table to eat since we left their city October 12th, nine months before, on our
way to the front. We had been on short rations for fifteen days and army
fare too, and it is no wonder that we did ample justice to the luxurious spread
before us.

The regiment made a record here too, for capacity and attention. Our
deeds on the battlefield at Gettysburg reached Philadelphia before us and
especial attention and hearty congratulations were accorded. They gave us
fruit and boquets and cheered us as we passed through their streets.

The 13th Vermont was the first regiment that passed throught their city
that was in the fight at Gettysburg, and their manifestation of joy and satis-
faction for victory and the driving of General Lee and his great marauding
army from their state they seemed to appreciate, and tried in every possible
way by words and deeds to show how grateful they were for the signal defeat
of the rebellious hosts of the Confederacy.

We certainly appreciated this warm and hearty reception and left the city
feeling that we had not volunteered in vain.

We arrived at Jersey City a little past noon happy and refreshed neither
tired nor hungry. We had not however forgotten the sight, smell, and taste
of the soup they fed us on, when we passed through this city on our way to
Washington. There was not a soldier in the regiment that had any desire for
Jersey Soup or Jersey food of any kind. We roved about a little while wait-
ing for the boat to take us up the sound to New Haven, Conn., and finally
went aboard the steamboat just before sundown and for some reason did not

SERGT. MASON P. CARPKNTER, CO. I,

1906.

SERGT. CI-IRrSTOPHER PUTNAM^ CO. 1,
1906.

SERGT. WAELACE H. BAELOU, CO. I,

War time or soon after.

CORP. GEORGE H. DAVISj CO. I,

1865.

Returning Home from the War — at Jersey City. 355

leave until the next morning. We had expected to wake up at New Haven,
but it was all right and far better for we rode the harbor and up the sound
by day, which was interesting and attractive all the way. We saw the numerous
craft in New York harbor and beautiful shores as we passed up the sound to
New Haven where we arrived in due season anxious to be on our way home-
ward. Our destination first was Brattleboro, Vt., to be mustered out, and all
seemed in a hurry to be on the way up the Connecticut valley though some
because of worn out tattered dirty uniforms anxious for a change, and yet I
am confident nearly all were proud to say this is the uniform I wore in the
battle at Gettysburg.

The Great Eastern, the largest leviathan that had ever rode the sea was an
object of attraction and admiration then in New York harbor, and we passed
quite near to it on our way out. It was so large that all others looked like
pygmies in comparison. We had heard and read of it and to see it was an
unexpected privilege. The journey up the sound was delightful, and all were
thankful for the delay because the trip was in day light. We arrived at New
Haven, Conn., about noon. The journey up the sound by steamboat gave us
a pleasant ride on the water, and all were now ready and anxious to take the
cars that would with greater speed hasten us up the Connecticut valley where
we could once more rest our eyes on the Green Hills and fertile valleys of our
dear old Green Mountain State. Our delay at New Haven was short and
interesting. It was in the night time when we passed through on our way to
Washington the October before.

Our home coming had been announced in the newspapers, and every hamlet,
village and city we passed through were out in great numbers waving handker-
chiefs and flags and with smiles and cheers enthusiastically welcomed us on our
way home. Some of the boys claimed they saw the same girls they made love
to when we passed through on our way to join the army. It mattered not how
strong our inclination to respond to the urgent invitations to stop, we were
now on our way home where lived our girls who had anxiously waited our
return, and besides we had not a cent in our pockets and did not look very
neat and tidy. Quite a number regretted because they had agreed and pledged
that they would surely stop on their return from the war. The same fair
maidens were out waiting and watching to welcome those who stole their hearts
when on their way to Join Uncle Sam's army, but time and circumstances were
now different. We reached Springfield, Mass. about eight o'clock between
sundown and darkness, and here as before we made quite a long stop. The
wheels had hardly ceased to turn before the cars were filled with loyal citizens,
lovely girls with baskets of ham sandwiches, pies and cakes, and pails with hot
coffee and freely gave us all we wanted, and the boys cheered and thanked
them for their kindness and generosity. These were the same that so bounti-
fully supplied us with refreshments when we passed through their city on our
way to fight in the army.

General Stannard's charge against General Pickett's charging columns on
the last day and hour of the day of the bloody battle of Gettysburg had been
heralded by the press throughout the land and the 13th Vermont Regiment of
General Stannard's brigade and its heroic conduct was even now a familiar

CORP. CHARLES H. BEEDE, CO. I,
1862.

CORP. CHARLES H. BEEDE, CO. I,
1906.

CORP. AUGUSTUS L. FISHER, CO. I,
1862.

CORP. AUGUSTUS L. FISHER, CO. I,
1897.

Retnrmng Home from the War. — New Haven to Brattlcboro. 357

story in every patriotic home of New England, and hence the unusual demon-
strations as we journeyed homeward. It was a continuous ovation from New
Haven to Brattleboro, every town and city seemed vieing with each other in
their efforts of appreciation. We reached Brattleboro, Vt., just before mid-
night and to our great surprise the whole town seemed to be at the depot waiting
and as we rolled into the station cheer upon cheer expressed the hearty welcome
to their own Green Mountain Boys now fresh from the battlefield of Gettys-
burg.

Governor Holbrook and Adjutant General Washburn and Colonel Blunt
with the I2th regiment (which had arrived a few days before) were out and
with torches and music and banners gave us a royal welcome, and escorted us-
to camp Lincoln to the music "Home Sweet Home," "Yankee Doodle Dandy",,
etc., and after the reception were assigned to the same barracks we occupied
when waiting to be mustered in as soldiers the October previous. Some of the
boys selected the same bunks that they occupied before. It was considerable
after mid-night before we were ready to lie down for the night. All were
now tired, not from marching, but from want of sleep, excitement and sight
seeing on our home journey. Not a word of complaint now made because
only bare boards for beds. These bunks for sleeping quarters were luxuries
compared to what we had had, and were obliged to be contented with while in
the service in good buildings and up from the ground where neither woodticks
nor black snakes could crawl in during the night. We were now for the first
time since we left camp on the Occoquan, June 25th, given a comfortable place
to sleep and rest with assurance that neither long roll, bugle call or booming
cannon would disturb our slumbers or dreams of home and the dear ones we
longed to see.

We were now far away from the strife of contending armies. No vigil-
ance required on the picket line, and we slept the sleep of the warrior returned
who had faithfully and courageously performed his whole duty, having served
his term of enlistment and returned with the grateful appreciation of his state
and country for distinguished service in the greatest and most important battle
of the civil war, Gettysburg. We left the state for the front, expecting to
participate in the sanguinary struggles for the supression of the Rebellion and
preservation of the Union, realizing the dangers attending life, in the then
great struggle before us, and every care, ambition, hope of success, pursuit of
happiness in the avenues of civil life were for the time being held in check
and our thoughts, an.xiety and lives fully consecrated and devoted to the cause
that induced us to volunteer, and now that we had returned having survived
the arduous duties of soldiers in active warfare and desperate and sanguinary
struggle for the right and again permitted to breathe the pure air and look
upon the green hills of our native state, and again to open the book of aspira-
tion and ambition where we shut it just nine months before, it is no wonder
that our sleep on this first night in camp Lincoln on our return was sweet and
sound and that our dreams again were of noble aspirations for knowledge and
success in the busy walks of civil life.

How different the first night in camp on our return compared to the first
night in Camp Lincoln when we rendevoused for muster in. We were then

CORP. HUGH H. GRISWOLD, CO. I,

1863.

CORP. HUGH H. GRISWOLD, CO. I,
1875-

CORP. WILLIAM H. HOLDEN, CO. I,
1862.

CORP. WILLIAM H. HOLDEN, CO. I,
1906.

Arrived at Camp Lincoln, Brattlcboro, I't. 359

ignorant of the strenuous life of a soldier during active campaigning, the
dangers in camp, the march and the battle, and with anxious zeal to participate
in the struggle to settle forever the great question of human slavery and state
sovereignty. Not one of us went forth prompted by revenge, hate or malice.
We loved our country and its institutions dearly and therefore were impelled
to the rescue that the same ship of state might sail on from shore to shore,
country to country, proclaiming the immortal principles of freedom and equal
rights looking upward and onward to that time at no distant day when the
nations of the world should be bound to acknowledge constitutional govern-
ment as best calculated for progress and the happiness of mankind.

The civil war was the supreme test of the stability of the unique form of
government originated and promulgated by our forefathers the patriots of
1776, and the gigantic and awful struggle of 1861-1865 fully demonstrated the
wisdom of the makers of our constitution and its adoption for the control and
happiness of the human family. Notwithstanding the prophecy of our sister
nations when we launched our ship of state on an unknown sea that our days
were numbered, for no people could long continue when such liberty of thought
and action was relegated to the individual, but yet our glorious republic still
stands challenging the world for its unparalleled success in all that makes a
nation great. Any people or government must and will succeed when its watch-
word is Justice and Equity. The secret of Governmental prosperity is honesty
of purpose "All for each, and each for all." If any nation shall be so fortunate
as to rightfully and in the true sense of the saying to attain the proud distinc-
tion as "mistress of the world," it will so rise because founded on the immortal
principle of right and justice, and the same even handed square deal to all
irrespective of wealth, distinction, title or family prestige.

The thousand battles and more of the war of 1861-1865 vindicate the
principles for which we fought, and the permanency of the union of states to
perpetuate which we freely offered our young lives as willing sacrifices on our
country's altar. We were ever buoyed up by the strong hope that the right
would prevail, and Abraham Lincoln's proclamation marshalling the patriots
of the Nation on the field of battle would in God's own time vanquish the
enemy of the Union, secure peace, re-unite the north and the south, proclaim
fr<>edom to all and establish a better and more solid foundation for the growth
of a mighty nation and so actuated by deeds of humanity, purity of thought and
honesty of purpose that the nations of the world willingly accord our right to
lead until the goal of the setting of the sun of time is at hand. Thus far,
since the close of that eventful war have we as a nation justified the position
of leadership among the governments of earth.

Though past mid-night when we reached Camp Lincoln, yet most of the
boys were up the next morning with the rising of sun because of anxiety to
see by the first gleam of the morning light the dear old Green Mountains which
had morning and evening from birth to the time we left for the war acknow-
ledged our greetings and devotions. Many too were expecting loved ones who
had hastened to Brattleboro to welcome home their dear boys, husbands and
fathers and the soldier boy whose friendship had ripened into love while wear-
ing the blue, and by the dim and flickering light of the camp-fire had weekly

CORP. CHARLES 0. HUMPHREY, CO. I,
1893.

CORP. JAMES W. MARSHALL, CO. I,
1862.

CORP. H. DWIGHT SMITH, CO. I,
1861.

WILLIAM ALLEN WORCESTER, CO. I,
1864.

At Camp Lincoln, Bratflcboro. 361

written of his soldier life and with language known only to the hearts beating
in unison and longing for the consummation of plighted vows of love ; such were
expected and many were there, and the greetings we saw of loyal wives, mothers,
fathers and blushing maidens told the story of devoted mothers, affectionate
husbands and wives, and the future hopes of the soldier returned now joy-
fully holding the welcome hand, the same so reluctantly and sorowfuUy re-
linquished when parting to fight for home and country. These scenes were
even more numerous and surely more happy than on the day we left Brattle-
boro for Washington to join the army. My thoughts went back to the day
we left and of some I knew and saw when they parted, and wondered if they
would be here now to extend the glad welcome to those who had manfully and
courageously followed the stars and stripes on the great battlefield of Gettys-
burg participating in that victory, defeating for the first time General Lee and
his veteran army in an open field and a fair fight. Some had come and thft
same shy, timid and blushing girls that because of youth and beauty I noticed
the parting, was here again to meet but older now, but gay and happy and
proud of her soldier lover returned from the war with an honorable record
made in battle, and it was my privilege to witness the affectionate greeting of
this particular couple as I did the parting, but all did not return. I recall
Sergeant Reed of Company E, who died at Camp Vermont and married a
sister of Captain Merrit B. Williams at Brattleboro just before he left the
state for the war. Her sorrow was deep and found sympathy in every heart
that knew the great sacrifice offered on the altar of her country, a young
husband and a dearly beloved brother. Captain Williams of Company G. The
husband died in Camp A'ermont, the brother and Captain of mortal wounds
received at Gettysburg. They were all my schoolmates at Bakersfield Academy
and intimate friends, and the grief and sadness of this broken-hearted }'0ung
wife and sister, though she died only a few years ago, was never fully recon-
ciled to her great loss. There were others, but not so distressingly sad.

The untimely death of Captains Bostwick, Whitney and White, Chaplain
Sargent, Lieutenants Sinnott and Jones, highly respected and loved by their
comrades in arms were extremely sad, and each was sincerely mourned and
there is not a survivor, though forty-four years have passed whose heart does
not sadden when he thinks of them and the distressing circumstances under
which some of them died. They died before the cares and burdens, vicissitudes
and disappointments overtook them, and for their country, battling for God
and humanity. Certainly we should have enjoyed their association along the
devious windings of life's pathway since that distant day had they survived,
and yet who dare say it was not better for them to have crossed the silent
river then rather than to have lived ever burdened with increasing care, anxiet)',
meeting unlooked for disappointments on every hand, realizing treachery, deceit,
wickedness and dishonesty in the aft'airs of business and the eagerness for wealth
and position in utter disregard for kith and kin, forgetful too that side by side
they followed the same old flag on land and sea shoulder to shoulder and in the
desperate and awful charge facing cannon and around our guns of men-of-war
belching forth grape and canister. Had they lived, the journey of life would
have been far different than what their youthful minds had planned, and with
hope and ardent desire anticipated and expected to realize.

JOHN .1. VAX ORMAN, CO. I,
1862.

JOHN J. VAN ORMAN, CO. I,
1866.

MILO K. GRAY, CO. I,
1862.

MILO K. CRAY, CO. I,
1906.

At Camp Lincoln, Brattleboro. 363

Those who did not return died in a glorious cause, having attained honor
and fame and distinction among men and immortal glory, because the shackles
that bound and held were broken and four million of the human family were
made free. The inscrutable ways of God are beyond our comprehension and
we cheerfully welcome his guidance and control in the affairs of mankind. Our
friends and acquaintances had come from up the state to greet us, and we
were happy and glad to see them. Our joy and gladness was manifested in
many ways. We were back in our native state to be discharged because of
expiration of term of service. Our duties had been fully and manfully per-
formed. We had demonstrated in every relation (especially at Gettysburg)
fortitude, courage, devotion, skill, prowess equal to any who fought on the
field of Gettysburg, and the regiment to which you and I belonged (The 13th
Vermont Volunteers) for deeds done, were given unstinted praise by the
officers of both armies who witnessed the work accomplished and to this day
we have ever been accorded the distinguished honor of doing more in our
charge on General Pickett's flank to accomplish victory than any other regiment
in General Mead's great army of 100,000 strong. Because of our part in the
signal victory over General Lee at Gettysburg, we were justly proud. We had
faced the iron hail of shot and shell, charged the veteran heroes of General
Pickett's advancing columns, crossing bayonets with them on the open field in
the hand to hand struggle, strewing the ground all about with the dead and
wounded, capturing flags and standards, compelling all in our vicinity to sur
render forgetful the while of danger, bent on victory at any cost and sacrifice
Our regiment, as you who still survive, must recall, at the critical time and of
the greatest slaughter was the only regiment on General Pickett's flank, (the
i6th was moving past into position on our left), and it was our regiment that
first charged against General Pickett's flank and met his brave veterans face
to face, crossed bayonets, and thus compelling surrender and because of our
part in the closing drama of this important battle we were rightfully proud
and perhaps too vain, but were fresh from the battlefield and at Brattleboro
on our way home had read with just pride the glowing accounts of victory and
all it liad secured to our cause. The universal praise given General Stannard
and the Vermonters under his command likely led some of us to talk large
ana claim much as to the conduct of the boys of the 13th and the manoeuvring
of om- brigade by General Stannard at the crisis of General Pickett's great
charge. We were in the bloodly angle and great slaughter pen on that mighty
field of crossing swords with General Lee for the preservation of the Union
and the country we loved.

We had been in the hottest of the fight and had, as said by officers high in
command, with undaunted courage rendered important service at Gettysburg,
and we were now back in Camp Lincoln to be mustered out. Most of us were
no doubt, a little puffed up, claiming more credit than we were entitled to.
The Historians, however, who have written of that battle and who participated
as Generals on both sides say that the charge made by General Stannard's
Green Mountain Boys on General Pickett's right flank ended the fight and
secured victory.

CHARI.KS IIKNRV WASIir.L'RN, CO. I,
1887.

BENJAMIN N. WRIGHT, CO. I,
i860.

FRANKLIN HOYT, CO .1,
1863.

WILLI.XM W. GOODWIN, CO. I,
1872.

At Camp Lincoln, Brattleboro. 365

The 2nd Vermont Brigade did not do, (and have never so claimed) aU the
fighting, but it did do its full share manfully and well, and therefore entitled
to its full share of glory.

Gettysburg was the great and important battle of the civil war on which
field for three days were more battles and desperate fighting along its five
miles of battle lines than on any other field during the war, and because of
victory and its consequences more glory than any single battle from the firing
of the first hostile gun against Fort Sumpter, April 12th, 1861 to the surrender
of General Robert E. Lee to General Ulysses S. Grant at Appommatox, Va.,
April 9th, 1865. The cause of the Confederacy met here its most crushing
defeat, and as before stated the back bone of the Rebellion was here broken.
Our national crimes had been appeased, and the God of battles hence forward
continued with the armies of the Federal Government to the end of the con-
flict, and the proclamation of peace.

Our first day in Camp Lincoln on our way home was a busy and happy
one. Our camp was full of citizens of Brattleboro and friends from up the
state, men and women, boys and girls all the day long anxious to see the soldier
boys of the bully 13th and hear them tell of the sanguinary struggle at Gettys-
burg only a few days before. The 12th regiment was in camp having arrived
a few days ahead of us, but they were not in the battle having been detatched
to guard wagon trains before reaching Gettysburg, and hence the 13th was the
center of attraction because fresh from the battle and the pursuit of General
Lee's army, and we were enthusiastic and had much of experience to relate.
Even our hands and faces still gave evidence of the smoke of powder and our
clothing dirty and tattered and stained with blood. The great march and
desperate fighting we had experienced excused our untidy looks when we
arrived at Brattleboro. It is true we were a pretty dirty set of boys, and why not,
we had been on the march and in battle ever since leaving camp on the Occo-
quan in the early morning of June 25th and no time or place between Occoquan
and Brattleboro to wash and brush to improve our appearance, were in fact, on the
march and in battle for weeks. Most of the boys cared but little for clothing
though begrimmed with mud and smoke and worn and torn in many places,
and could not be made very presentable. We must wear what we had on,
could not obtain new uniforms if we desired, and not one of us had greenbacks
enough to buy a suit of citizens' clothing. There was a marked contrast in
our appearance now as compared with it when we left the state for the war.
We congratulated ourselves because of our arrival at Brattleboro in the dark-
ness of the night, hoping we would have an opportunity to wash and brush
and mend and fix up a little before seen on the following day. Of course
there was no reason to be ashamed, we had been attending to the business of
marching and fighting which took every moment of time except while we slept
and ate and that was not much, for it was all the time day after day from
sunrise to darkness on the march (a forced march at that), rations were short
most of the time and not many minutes spent each day eating. We slept what
we could and ate what we had and found not a word of fault, for we were near-
ly all sturdy sons of the Green Mountain State and volunteers for the single
purpose of saving the Union.

THOMAS C. ALEXANDKR, CO. I,
1862.

CHARLES D. SWAZEY, CO. I,
1862.

JOHN C. FARWELE, CO. I,
1906.

WIEEIAM D. SMITH, CO. I,
1896.

At Camp Lincoln. Brattleboro. 367

The regiment had experienced very active and arduous service from the
first. The winter was unusually cold and severe. General Stuart and Lieu-
tenant Mosby were on the alert regardless of rain and mud and the outer
picket lines which we guarded was almost nightly attacked at some point. No
one could tell when or where to look for or expect them for the bushwhackers
were continuously informed and were familiar with every road and path
stream and ford. Could make a dash, gobble up the picket line, seize loaded
wagons and then hurry back into their own country beyond reach and out of
sight before day light, and our frequent pursuit across the picket lines were
generally fruitless.

We had fully realized a soldier's life in active campaigning, and become
accustomed and familiar with its duties and dangers, had passed through seven
days' march day after day, and the battle of Gettysburg and then three days of
marching in pursuit of General Lee's vanquished veteran heroes after which,
detached and marched over the Catoctin mountain to Frederick City and to
Monocacy Junction and then by cars and steamboats hurried forward to Camp
Lincoln, Brattleboro, to be mustered out.

We had seen much of warfare in a short time, and the most of us now
comprehended the desperate struggle that must ensue before the Confederate
government would finally surrender. Indeed the situation was a subject of
earnest thought with many, in what direction duty called. A goodly number
was inclined to re-enlist, but said "Will go home first before deciding."

The burden of thought and conversation was of the war and how much
longer it would last, and the more intelligent and conservative (though since
Gettysburg the prospect was much brighter) were of the opinion that many
battles would be fought before the war was over. The boys of the 13th had
met the Johnnies in the valley of Plum Run between Seminary and Cemetery
Ridges in the struggle for victory and were now convinced of their bravery,
heroic conduct, physical ability and skill as well as their sincerity in the cause
that actuated them and realized they were a foe equal to any ever marshaled
on a field of battle, and we were not so confident of immediate surrender and
peace as before the fight. The vain conceit wherever it existed vanished with
the roar and echoes of cannon, the Rebel yell and desperate charge they made,
and the boys of the blue were now satisfied that the task of subdueing and
conquering was still a stupendous undertaking, and hence we of the 13th
viewed the situation from a different standpoint than when we volunteered.
Experience begot wisdom, and wisdom conservative thought and action and
all said "Let us go home and make a visit and then see." Yes, our first day
in Camp Lincoln was a busy one. Officers were preparing pay rolls and ac-
counts for final settlement, and the boys were looking up to see if guns, straps,
etc. charged up in their account were in hand ready to be turned over to the
government. Everything was charged up against us and unless we could
return all must be deducted from what was due us (that is guns, belts and
straps.) Some had foolishly left their guns behind (not many) expecting
no further use for them, and some were lost (so claimed) and some had
picked up good rifles on the battlefield and placed them in the hands of the
boys who lost their guns, and in this way managed to reach Brattleboro as the

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HERSCHEl, F. SMITH, CO. 1,
1862.

HBRSCHEIv F. SMITH, CO. I,
1906.

HOWLAND P. KNF.ELAND, CO. 1,
1862.

HOWLAND P. KNE;EI,AND, CO. I,

1906.

PETER J. DEWEY, CO. I,
1862.

PETER J. DEWEY, CO. I

1906.

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ERED M. GAI^E, CO. I,
1863.

FRED M. GALE, CO. I,
1906.

■T'j^;,, ■£tr^-r-.--j .■;.,--,iM

JERRY TIUTClllNbOiN JR., CO. 1,
1862.

JERRY HUTCHINSON JR., CO. I,
1906.

JOHN P. FEANDERS, CO. I,
1880.

JOSEPH H. DEMERIT, CO. I,
1863.

At Camp Lincoln, Brattleboro. 371

owners of two guns, but when it was sure every soldier must account for his
gun, straps, etc., the owners of extra guns generously gave them to such as
had brought them to Brattleboro, as an accommodation, and in this way but
few were short of guns or straps. A few of the boys retained their guns,
straps, etc., to take home as mementoes of service in the Civil War, and quite
a number of the survivors have them still and are by them so dearly prized
that money is no temptation to part with them. Every one naturally was
anxious to go to the village, but the seedy condition of our uniforms and no
money yet to buy clothing kept most of us in camp. The holes in our uni-
forms were for the most part, where if made by bullet shot or shell we likely
would not have returned, simply worn out by strenuous campaigning and there-
fore none were ashamed, though leg and hip might be exposed. Most of the
boys as yet had no use for a razor, but each had demanded shears and sham-
pooing for we had been on the march for some time, and even in camp no
barbers or any one that could do a decent job. All were anxious to improve
personal appearance, but we must wait for settlement with Uncle Sam and
the state before fixing up very much. The officers too, were in the same con-
dition and equally anxious to improve general appearance because of their
positions, honors secured since leaving for the war, (many left the state as
privates and now were commissioned officers.) These honors no doubt were
wisely bestowed because of meritorious service. All were given more libertieg,
in camp than when we gathered here on our way to the front. No need of
passes for the camp-guard knew full well that none would leave till mustered
out and paid ofif.

Our stay in Brattleboro for a week seemed much too long, for all were
anxious to reach home, and yet no fault found and all appeared to enjoy their
second visit to Camp Lincoln better than the first. We had been to the front,
met the enemy and done our full share in driving General Lee and his army
of veteran heroes from the Battlefield of Gettysburg, and each felt that he
had rendered honorable service and discharged a large measure of obligations
to country and to conscience, and yet the topic of frequent discussion among
the boys while waiting to be mustered out was whether duty and honor demand-
ed our immediate re-enlistment. The "high water mark of the Rebellion"
was reached at Gettysburg (and we were in and at it) and it was self evident
that the ebbing tide set in motion by General Mead and his valiant army of
the Potomac would continue to recede until overwhelmed and lost in the great
and mighty ocean of triumph and victory and honorable and glorious peace.

President Lincoln and his administration were much encouraged by reason
of General Lee's signal defeat and were now making preparations for raising
sufficient force on land and sea to bring to speedy end the awful conflict.
Flattering inducements of honor and money were made to the boys of the 13th
to re-enlist, accept commissions to recruit for the 17th Vermont Regiment which
was soon to take the field as a veteran regiment with an implied promise of
commission, and in fact a goodly number did return as officers and in subordi-
nate positions. The majority however returned to the occupations and pur-
suits where they had left them when they volunteered well satisfied and feeling
that duty had been performed, and yet the conviction of nearly all was that if

WILLIAM C. SMITH, CO. 1,
1862.

WILLIAM C. SMITH, CO. I,
1906.

MUSICIAN, CLARK BOUTWELL, CO. I,
1877.

ORVAND A. STONE, CO. I,
1862.

R. PI.UMMKR I'.KN.TAMIN, CO. I,
1862.

R. PI.UMMRR liKNJAMIN, CO. 1,
1895.

^m^m

EVANDKR CRIvK, CO. \,
1862.

EVANDER CRF.E, CO. I,
1885.

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PRliNTTSS C. WRTGIIT, CO. I,
1862.

PRENTISS C. WRIGHT, CO. I,

WINSLOW L. BI,ANCH.'\RD, CO. I,
1861.

WINSLOW L. BLANCH.-^RD, CO. I,
1907.

At Camp Lincoln, Brattleboro. 375

circumstances required would again volunteer. The regiment had been baptized
in a great battle, facing death every moment, and the experience convinced
each that as before nothing but devotion to country and love of home and native
land would induce them to now re-enlist. Not one expressed desire for any
more such fighting, nor anxiety for opportunity to meet the enemy in another
test in mutual combat.

It was not cowardice on our part, for we had convinced the world that
Vermonters were as determined and intrepid at Gettysburg, as the Green
Mountain Boys of old were at Ticonderoga. No, we had served our full term
of enlistment manfully and honorably (and it may be said without egotism)
had valiantly performed every duty in camp, on the picket, on the march and in
battle. We were pretty thoroughly used up physically, and needed opportunity
for rest and recuperation before fit for active service at the front. The tlaging
steps of the whole regiment after Gettysburg in pursuit of General Lee's
retreating army was convincing evidence of physical exhaustion, and near ap-
proach of the limit of endurance, and had it not been for the stimulus of
victory, the anxious solicitude for the preservation of the Union that filled
every heart and the buoyant hope that permeated the breast of every soldier,
the march from Gettysburg over the Catoctin Mountain to Middletown, Mary-
land in mid-summer over muddy roads from early morning till late at night
could not have been so well accomplished. The state and nation recognized
our need and right for rest, and while anxious for the boys of the 13th to
return to the service, did not unduly urge re-enlistment. All were patriotic
and knew the dangers and horrors of the battlefield and yet had there been
flashed from Washington to Brattleboro on the night of our arrival that General
Lee with his hitherto invincible army, was marching on Washington, not a
soldier of this regiment but what would have volunteered to return by the first
train in the defense of the capitol of the nation. Such was the character of the
boys returned. We hoped and sincerely believed (many of us) that the war
would soon be over, and that there would not be further need of mobilizing
another great army. Each day in Camp Lincoln was now full of interest,
something new and exciting all the time. The elite of Brattleboro were daily
visitors in camp anxious to learn of individual experiences in battle.

Fair women and blushing maidens, by looks and words expressed praise
for what the boys had accomplished at Gettysburg. Our friends and relatives
from up the state were arriving on every train, the boys were going to the vil-
lage and elsewhere in and about Brattleboro as pleased them best patiently
waiting to be mustered out. Time began to hang heavy and each succeeding
day seemed longer, for the boys were anxious to leave for home ; could not be
mustered out till all was ready. Paymaster would not disburse balance due
until pay rolls properly made and ready for signing. All were calculating to
put on a white shirt and collar and necktie, and otherwise improve appearance
•depending on the amount received from the paymaster. Some were fortunate
and secured temporary credit with the merchants, barbers and photographers,
tut most of us must wait until paid off. When paid off business was good
with merchant, barber, baker and photographer and with the hucksters of
lemonade, gingerbread, huckleberry and cherry pies, etc. There was a press-

JOHN WI'XCII. CO. I,
1862.
SERCT, HlCNRV (). CI,ARK, CO. L). ON Till': I.KFT.

.1011 N \VI:LCII. CO. I,

1 886.

STKPIIKN (',. WKST, CO. r,
1862.

CONSIDER W. BRINK, CO. I,
1899.

CHARLES HOWAKD. CO. 1,
1863.

tDWIN JONES, CO. 1,
1865.

DAVID MITCHELL, CO. I,
1864.

DAVID MITCHE;lL, CO. 1,

1907.

1

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i

WIIvtIAM DANIULSj CO. i,
1862.

WILLIAM DANIELS, CO. I,
1892.

HORATIO C. DEEDE, CO. J,
1862.

NELSON JOIIXSUN, CO. I,
1885.

At Camp Lincoln, Brattlehoro. 379

ing demand on our arrival for spruce gum and likely not one native born Ver-
monter in the whole regiment whose jaws did not open and shut, cheeks bulge
out with great cuds of spruce gum, moving about from side to side from morning
until late at night. The zest and industry and skill demonstrated the youthful
habit and place of birth. All had been without the visual cud of spruce gum
for nine months and were now evidently making up for lost time. It was said
on the evening of the first day after our return there was not an ounce of
spruce gum to be found in the stores of Brattleboro. Many of the boys climbed
the steep mountain-side across the Connecticut in search of gum.

The regiment was in high glee and enjoying each day as it passed anxious-
ly looking for the time to start for home. No regiment ever returned home
under more favorable conditions, and in full fruition for service rendered and
distinguished honor secured. The burden of conversation with all, officers
and privates alike, was of personal experience in battle, individual prowess m
the bayonet charge against Pickett's advancing columns ; the hair breadth escapes
from instant death and serious injury related by many, perhaps was overdrawn
but, if in fact, with the regiment during the battle, one had to be a good story
teller, to fairly tell the numerous instances of imminent peril from shot and
shell on that great field of slaughter. Language can only feebly tell of the
sights and horrible scenes and perilous positions, the very air from the ground
to forty feet over head was literally surcharged with burning powder filled with
whizzing bullets, screeching shell, grape and canister, exploding caissons, the
awful yell and charge with bayonet and sabre, a continuous fight for three
long days from early morning till late at night. Many battles were fought on
different parts of that extensive battle ground under the immediate commands
of distinguished Generals during the three days of artillery, cavalry and in-
fantry engagements 100,000 on each side could not be advantageously
manoeuvred to have all engaged at the same time. The Historian carried a
gun through the fight and has a vivid recollection of all he saw, heard and
experienced, and now after reading the numerous and vivid description of
other great battles of the civil war by Generals Grant, Sherman, Sheridan,
Mead and Longstreet, Hill, Ewell and others here record as my candid
opinion that no battle was fought during the Civil War where the two armies
were so equally matched in numbers, valor and determination as at Gettys-
burg, and therefore, more desperate the struggle and sanguinary and awful
the conflict. General Lee must win or the Confederacy receive its death blow.
General Mead must conquer then and there that the nations of the world who
were anxiously watching and hesitating that they might be assured of final over-
throw of the so called Confederate Government, preservation of the Union and
the continuation of the great Republic of the western hemisphere. Both armies
realized that the issue was of more consequence to the cause each represented
than ever before, and fought and wrought to the utmost with this end in view.

The boys of the 13th regiment had fully consecrated themselves to the
cause induced them to volunteer and were prepared to do and die for country,
and being thus consecrated welcoming death if needs be, boldly went forth
into the battle determined with their latest breath to vindicate the right and
overthrow the wrong. The recital of these facts in a measure explain the
desperate fighting from the opening gun at break of day July ist to the end

WII<r,IAM NOYES, CO. I,
1866.

WII.LIAM NOYES, CO. I,
1895-

JOHN W. l,ADD, CO. I,
1862.

JABEZ JONES, CO. I,
1862.

DUDLEY B. JONES, CO. I,
1862.

DUDLEY B. JONES, CO. I,
1884.

ALVA ROWELL, CO. I,
1862.

FRANCIS JANGRAW, CO. I,
1875-

TAMES CAMPBELL, CO. T,
1865.

JAMES CAMPBELL, CO. I,
1907.

1,EANDER PEEKV, CO. I,
1862.

IRA BRADFORD, CO. I,
1863.

At Camp Lincaln, Brattleboro. 383

of Pickett's charge at the close of day, July 3rd, and therefore we are con-
strained to repeat, that the stories of personal experience and encounter related
at Camp Lincoln to inquiring friends and others, then fresh from the scenes
of carnage and strife, and from that day, to the present, told and re-told again
and again to wives, sons and daughters are veritable truths. The most facile
pen or eloquent orator, never has nor can exaggerate the awful sights and
scenes of the battlefield of Gettysburg. It is well for all to remember who
never faced belching cannon nor were in the desperate charge that the stories
of those who did actually participate in the battle are not overdrawn. No
word nor picture can never adequately paint what you, my comrades saw and
experienced at Gettysburg.

The 13th was now in charge of Camp Lincoln. The 12th regiment had
been mustered out and gone home and we were now busy making preparations
for muster out at the earliest possible moment.

Colonel Randall and the rest of the officers had many things to do, for the
regiment would not be discharged until every detail was complete. No one
seemed over-anxious to leave, because of the parting with dear comrades. Our
camp had been each day and evening since arrival filled with visitors from the
village and our friends that had come from up the state who remained for the
most part in camp, for there was plenty of room and abundance to eat, and all
seemed to be quite happy and contented and what was uppermost now in each
mind, (though the separation must be) was to be on the way to our homes
up among the hills and valleys of Washington, Chittenden, Franklin, Lamoille
and Grand Isle Counties. The bond of friendship between comrades cemented
in battle is everlasting.

Since the expiration of our term of service and detachment of the army
of the Potomac over in the Catoctin valley, Md., our thoughts had been centered
on our homes and beloved ones we left when we donned the blue and went
forth to fight for the perpetuation of the Union of States and the great Re-
public. Naturally as we had thus far acquitted ourselves with deserved honor
as faithful and courageous soldiers in camp, on the march and with fortitude
when overcome with disease and wasting away in the dreaded hospital and had
at the supreme crisis of battle won unusual fame, were now anxious to see
home and friends, and all we left behind when we volunteered. Some were
prostrated with disease after reaching Brattleboro and were dangerously sick
and places were found for these among the loyal and sympathetic residents
of Brattleboro where they had every attention that could be provided that
money and high regard could secure. Comrades of the sick found suitable
places among the citizens who diligently and affectionately cared for and
nursed them back to health.

Each day brought many ladies and gentlemen to our camp ever waiting
entranced to hear from some boy soldier his story of the struggle between the
armies of General Mead and General Lee at Gettysburg. The routine of
camp was more liberal and less exacting than at the front, on the march and
in battle, and every soldier returned was now a king and would do nothing
dishonorable and could be trusted as implicitly as the Knights of old who
battled for the recovery of the Holy Land.

^^>-^:^/v^. ■

JOHN D. KELLOGG, CO. I,
1861.

JOHN D. KELLOGG, CO. I,
1886.

SIDNEY E. WHITNEY, CO. I,
1862.

W. H. H. WHITNEY, CO. I,
1862.

MAKi'lX E. PRENCH, CO. I,
1862.

MARTIN E. FRENCH, CO. I,
IQO^.

LEROY PRESCOTT, CO. I,
1906.

DANIEI, N. FRENCH,..CO. I,
1862.

FRANCTS MORRIS, CO. I,
1862.

FRANCIS MORRISj CO. I,
1907.

GEORGE E. LEMWIN, CO. I,
1862.

CALVIN E. SEAVER, CO. I,
1880.

At Camp Lincoln, Brattlehoro. 387

The regiment had been in Brattlehoro for almost a week when rumor said
that the accounts had been figured up, pay rolls made out, discharge certificates
filled out and signed and the paymaster would commence to pay off on Satur-
day the i8th, and all would be ready to leave for home on Monday. This was
cheering and joyful news, for it meant much to those of us who had paid out
our last scrip when on our way to Gettysburg for something to eat. Some
however, had managed to obtain credit to make purchases and had fixed them-
selves up so they looked quite prim and tidy, but most of us still wore the
woolen shirts, army shoes and blue coats and trousers that we had worn night
and day since leaving camp Widow Violet on the Occoquan, June 25th. Shoes
were worn through and holes and rents appeared in coat and trousers and the
boys were anxious for their pay in order to fix up before starting for home.
It was evident too that many of our number expected to see waiting at the
depot on our way up the state the girls they left behind when they started for the
war, and in fact sainted mothers and loyal wives and faithful sweethearts were
at the several depots waiting for the cars to greet and welcome their loved ones
home. The author belonged to Company K, the last company to leave the train,
and therefore saw the affectionate greetings of the other companies as they left
the cars and many an episode is now fresh in memory that he witnessed at the
several stations between Northfield and Swanton, but refrains now to call names
or describe the scenes. We were overjoyed to see and to be seen, some were
timid and shy though they had been brave and courageous in battle, the girls
we left behind perhaps had proven false and forgotten out of sight and out of
mind it has been said, but this was the exception with the ever loyal girls of the
grand old State of Vermont.

Open the gates of memory, my comrades, and to you may come across the
abyss of forty-four years an awakening flash that will reveal some face that
you dearly loved in the old days when eye to eye and heart to heart you
promised to be faithful and true. Time has wrought great changes since the
Green Mountain Boys of the 2nd Vermont Brigade charged down Cemetery
Ridge into the valley of Plum Run and many, yes, a majority of those noble
youthful heroes that so gallantly followed the stars and stripes at Gettysburg
have one by one joined that immortal grand army and are now bivouacked on
the great Commander's Eternal Camping ground welcoming their comrades
as they pass through and within the pearly gates to bliss and happiness forever.
It is Friday, July 17th and we are still in Camp Lincoln, Brattlehoro, wait-
ing to be mustered out of the United States service. We have been here since
mid-night of the 13th expecting the announcement of the day and hour that we
should be on our way home. Our guns, knapsacks, etc., have been turned over
•dt satisfactorily accounted for, accounts all adjusted and amounts due each
ascertained and the paymaster ready to commence payment as soon as the
word is given out that ah is ready.

Colonel Randall had said that his regiment would be ready for muster out
on Saturday the i8th day of July and was doing his best in fulfilment of this
promise, for he knew all were anxious to be on their way homeward.

Major Austine, U. S. A., intimated that he would proceed to muster out the
regiment just as soon as all the companies were ready. Colonel Randall was

HENRY A. DOW, CO. I,
1863.

HIRAM T. WHITNEY, CO. !_,
1863.

CURTIS H. SEAVER, CO. I,
1863.

JOHN B. EANGDON^ CO. I,
1880.

ALBERT P. WOOD, CO. I,
1863.

ALHERT P. WOOD, CO. I,
1907.

CHARLES H. PKRRY, CO. I,
1862.

CHARLES H. PERRY, CO. I,
1898.

AI<BERT J. BURRELL, CO. I,
1862.

ALBERT J. EURREEL, CO. I,
1904.

WALLACE W. DODGE, CO. I,
1862.

WALLACE W. DOnCK, CO. I.
1893

At Camp Lincoln, Brattleboro. 391

out of patience with some of the officers of the line because of what he beheved
to be unnecessary delay in not having their companies ready for mustering out.
Company K was ready first, though at the foot of the list. It was a well
known fact in the regiment that Captain George G. Blake of Company K always
had his company reports promptly made and ready when called for, in fact
no officer of the line was more diligent and faithful and prompt and accurate
in all matters pertaining to his position than Captain Blake. There was a little
friction and not a few were disappointed and made to think they were being
held in camp because of needless neglect of Company officers to have reports,
etc. ready that all might be mustered out on the same day. Colonel Randall
sympathized with the boys and manifested his feelings in his usual forceful
language. An officer heard from him just the same as a private if occasion
demanded, he treated all alike and on an equal, although his relation brought
him more in personal contact with the officers than privates. The negligence
of a few delayed the mustering out until Monday the 20th on which date each
company was ordered to fall into line near their company quarters, and there
the roll was called to ascertain if all present, and when Major Austine appeared
accompanied by Colonel Randall and some of the staff and after the several
officers in command of the respective companies announced all present or ac-
counted for and then after a hasty examination of a final written report and
personal inspection by looking up and down the line, said with a smile, "You
are released from further service. The discharge papers had been filled up
and placed in the hands of your officers and will be delivered to you before
leaving camp." It was quite informal and took but little time. The paying
off took more time, for each had to sign his name and receive what was due
(which was not very much for we were paid off just before we left camp
Widow Violet down on the Occoquan). Though the amount was small each
was glad to have it, for plans had been made that would require much if not
all received. Everything we purchased at Brattleboro had attached to it a big
price, and a few dollars in greenbacks did not go far or last long. Each com-
rade, as they were now about to separate and go to their respective homes,
wanted to treat his friends with lemonade, ice cream and cake, etc., before
parting, and I am sure all did. It was said the 13th regiment left the most
of their money in Brattleboro which appeared to be very satisfactory to those
engaged in business. Our transportation home had been arranged for, so no
need of money to pay car fare and therefore as long as greenbacks and shin
plasters lasted, the boys were liberal and happy. All had been so busy visiting
with friends that came to meet and greet us telling to each other and all who
came to camp about the many incidents of battle and soldier life, that we had
not for a moment considered the full meaning of and effect of muster out. It
surely meant separation for all, never to be re-united under like circumstances
and many yes, a large majority would not as we hastened along life's crooked
pathway to the end ever meet again. The time had come, the last order had
been made known to us, and now we began to realize the great family circle
of our regiment must be broken, and each go his way not again to hear the
reveille and tatoo and greet each other at the morning roll call nor open our
hearts, dearest thoughts to tentmate and comrade during the lonely vigils of

ORVIS CARPENTER, CO. I,
1862.

ORVIS CARPENTER, CO. I,
1907.

CKORGE A. PECK, CO. I,
1862.

CeORGE A. PECK, CO. I,
1892.

AI,ONZO D. PECK, CO. I,
1862.

AIvONZO D. PECK, CO. I,
1907.

JAMES B. CAVE, CO. I,
1890.

ISAAC K. DAVIS, CO. I,
1890.

DAVID C. CARR, CO. I,
1862.

CHARLES C. GUPTIL, CO. I.
1865.

ORIGIN BATES, CO. I,
1906.

H015ART J. MARR. CO. I.
1908.

At Camp Lincoln, Brattleboro. 395

the picket line, and we were sad at the thought of parting. We had been for
more than nine months one great family banded together for a glorious cause,
exposed to the vicissitudes and dangers of soldier life in a gigantic and des-
perate struggle for supremacy, had experienced the mutations of camp, march,
hospital and battle hovered around the same camp fire, fed from the same
commissariat, slept side by side beneath the same blankets with damp ground
for a bed and starry heavens for a covering and now, the household had been
broken and the ties of comradship severed. All were sad and sorry because
of the parting. The freindships formed when associated together in the
dangers of warfare are different and stronger than any other relation among
men, but this we did not at the time fully realize, and yet each heart softened
and eye moistened as we grasped hands on the day of separation, July 21st,
1863, and said good-by.

We were now within a few hours to be on our way home, and our hearts
were throbbing with fond recollections of those left behind when we started
for the war. The scenes of childhood, the farm, its surroundings, our school-
mates, our fathers and mothers, brothers and sisters all were left only a few
months before (never expecting to see them again) now for the moment filled
our hearts with gladness because of the bright prospect of home sweet home.

Though our term of service had almost expired when we started on the
march for Maryland, and some claimed fully, before the battle of Gettysburg,
but we knew a mighty struggle was at hand and dared not hope we should be
spared and returned to our dear homes among the hills and valleys of our
native state.

We were mustered out, paid off and started for home to take the cars, and
joy and sorrow beamed in every face anxiously waiting for the hour to come.
The necessities of war had separated most of us for the first time from the
dearest ties on earth, home, and only you and I, my comrades, can remember
the intense longing desire (now that we were honorably discharged) to reach
home. It seemed a long time since we left the parental roof and in fact we
had grown old fast while in the service. The exposure of camp, the exhaus-
tion of the march, the experience of hospital, the mental strain of battle, all
had added years to our young lives, and beyond question most of us would
die long before our time (and a majority have). We were sorry to leave any
behind at Brattleboro, but a few were dangerously sick and must remain. We
had already found desirable places for our sick, and arranged for their care
before leaving. I recall to mind only one of the dangerously sick, Heney B.
Meigs of Company K. He was sick with typhoid fever, taken down soon after
reaching Camp Lincoln, and by his company comrades was conveyed on a
wagon drawn by hand from Camp down into the village and placed in the
house of Mrs. Mary Willard still living in Brattleboro. (See page of Roster
of this book for Mrs. Willard's picture.) I have reason to believe that the
kindness and patriotic sympathy of this noble woman not only saved our
young hero's life, but as a true, devoted and loyal lover of her country dis-
played the same heroic courage as was evinced by the valiant conduct of this
boy (then in her care) of eighteen summers at Gettysburg. She was the
Good Angel that watched and cared for this stranger soldier boy night and

WILBER F. PirER, CO. I,
1865.

WILBER F. PIPER, CD. I,
1907.

I.ORENZO B. GUPTILj CO. I,
1863.

MARSHALL B. LAWRENCE, CO. T
1S62.

J

FREDERICK J. BARNES, CO. 1,
1862.

FREDERICK J. BARNES, CO. I,
1897.

WILLIAM H. RIDDAIvL, CO. I,
1862.

WILLIAM H. RIDDALI,, CO. I,
1895.

SUGENE LAVIOEETTE, CO. I,
1877.

At Camp Lincoln, Brattlehoro. 399

day till restored to health. Young ]\Ieigs developed into one of God's true
and noble men and in his prosperity has not forgotten the lady that took him
in and cared for him. The unselfish duty so generously bestowed found its
reward and demonstration in what is written in scripture "Cast Thy Bread upon
the waters, for Thou shalt find it after many days", and surely in this case it
has come to pass.

On the morning of July 21st, 1863, Camp Lincoln was a busy place, all
the boys were up early making needful preparations for the journey home-
ward. We had but little beside what we were to carry. The few souvenirs
and trinkets and letters received before we broke camp on the Occoquan were
carefully stowed away in pockets and knapsacks and small bundles, and having
turned in our guns, etc., were soon ready for the call to fall in for the cars.

Each company had formed strong friendships in the other companies and
were on this last forenoon in camp exchanging hasty calls of greeting and good-
by. These attachments were stronger than we knew and after a lapse of more
than forty years the ties of comradeship seem to grow as the years roll on, so
that now we cherish the acquaintances formed when following the flag as tht
most unselfish and abiding of all. The fond recollections of those we tented
and marched and fought with are among the preciovis of all, on which we
delight to dwell now that we realize the final muster out is near at hand.

The bugle call about mid-day for the last time assembled the boys of the
13th to their respective company quarters and every one unless sick fell into
line to answer to his name once more before marching to the depot to take the
cars for home. Our sunburnt faces, wasted bodies and worn out uniforms
did not compare very well with the general appearance of the regiment the
day we left Brattleboro for Washington, October nth, 1862. We were not,
however, ashamed and cared but little for looks of the clothing we wore, nor
our general appearance caused in the main by the marching and fighting in the
Gettysburg campaign. Most of the boys were native Vermonters, high spirited
and intelligent and knew full well they had rendered valuable service to their
country in the most important and decisive battle for freedom and preservation
of the Union, and each was so justly proud of the part taken by his regiment
and reputation established that all else in comparison was of minor considera-
tion. We had sustained the good name and added to the fame of Vermonters
in battle, and the praise accorded by the reports of commanding officers and the
press of the country was a high compliment and tribute to General Stannard's
brigade. Much has been said about General Pickett's thrilling and valiant
charge in the last afternoon of that eventful day and battle, and not a single
Historian of note on either side who was there and in position to see and know
but what agree that the 2nd Vermont Brigade in its unique and bold charge
against General Pickett's right flank suddenly ended the battle and sealed the
doom of the, Rebellion, and the fate of the Confederacy.

While the 2nd Vermont Brigade done only a small part of the fighting on
that great field during the three days of desperate conflict and great slaughter,
yet it was at the front and center at the salient point and impending crisis at
the opportune moment, fired the last musket, made the last infantry charge,
captured the last prisoners in that great battle, therefore. General George J.

A room in Mrs. W'ilcoxson's house occupied bv Lieut. Carmi L. ]\Iarsli
Jainuiry and February, 1863 during his long ilhiess.

CAPT. GEORGE G. BLAKE, CO. K,
1862.

FIRST LIEUTENANT STEPHEN F. BROWN, CO. K,
1862.

SECOND LIEUT. CARMI L. MARSH, CO. K,
1862.

CAPT. GUORGE G. BLAKE, LIEUT. STEPHEN E. BROWN,

LIEUT. CARMI L. MARSH, CO. K,

1904.

At Camp Lincoln, Brattleboro. 403

Stannard and his Green Mountain Boys of 1862-1863 for the deeds they done
have and will have a place in history as bright, glorious and renowned as ac-
corded to the original Green Mountain Boys for what they did at Ticonderoga,
May loth, 1775. No page has or ever will be written so momentous for the
weal or woe of a great nation and magnanimous people where officers in com-
mand displayed consummate ability and prowess — where the rank and filfa
boldly and gallantly charged again and again midst a terrible and deadly storm
of minnie balls, grape and canister regardless of life, struggling for victory,
where were involved the solution of graver and far reaching questions to
humanity and civilization than hung in the balance on the morning of July ist,
1863, at Gettysburg.

The 13th Vermont Regiment as before stated, took a conspicuous part in
this sanguinary conflict and did its share in securing victory, and now having
returned home and having received the generous plaudits of state and nation
were considerably elated because of the record made and important service
rendered. We had freely volunteered and for a purpose without money and
without price, fully expecting to share in the hardships and dangers of active
warfare, but we were boys and knew but little relative to the duties of soldiers
or the responsibility and dangers of actual campaigning in time of aggressive
fighting when we crossed over on Long Bridge to Virginia, October 30th,
1862.. But from that day until our term of service expired the strenuous life
of a soldier in the varied incidents attending active and vigorous warfare was
the experience of thi? regiment. We had from the beginning fulfilled every
call to duty, crowning our term of enlistment in the mighty contest with
General Lee and his veteran army at Gettysburg, Pa., and through all dis-
charged every requirement so as to secure and receive unstinted commendations
of the officers under whom we served. No regiment entered the service during
the Civil War at a more critical and discouraging period, October, 1862, the
lack of harmonious co-operation in President Lincoln's cabinet and among the
Generals of the Federal armies and the unlooked for disasters from Yorktown
to Antietam had fallen like a pall on the nation, and discouraged enlistment.
The great army of the Potomac had thus far utterly failed to capture Rich-
mond or even make any progress in that direction.

General Pope had just been defeated in the second battle of Bull Run.
General Lee flushed with victory on the Plains of Manassas had crossed the
Potomac into Maryland on his way to capture Washington, and the outlook for
the cause of the Union was alarming in the extreme, and because of the almost
forlorn situation those that responded to President Lincoln's call for 300,000
more were composed of the very best and most suitable and patriotic in the
land, and of these the stalwart, brave hearted silent heroes of the Green Moun-
tain State duly considered and fully realizing the impending danger to the
Republic deliberately volunteered, organized as the 13th Vermont Volunteers
and hastened to Washington. The success achieved by those that enrolled for
the I2th, 13th, 14th, 15th and i6th regiments, since the war in the avenues and
occupations of civil life demonstrate the truthfulness of the conclusion that
no better soldiers served in the Union army than those from the Green Moun-
tain State, and not a regiment from among the mighty hosts that followed the

LIEUT. WILLIAM ALLEN COOPER, CO. K, LIEUT. WILLIAM ALLEX COOPER, CO. K,

1863.

1906.

SERGT. JAMES HALLOWAY, CO. K,
1894.

SERGT. MERRITT MANZER, CO. K,
1865.

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SERGT. SUMNER 11. JENNISON, CO. K,
1862.

SERGT. SUMNER H. JENNISON, CO. K,
1904.

CORP. HARLAN P. BULLARD, CO. K,
1862.

CORP. HAREAN P. I1UEE.\KD, CO. K,

1906.

CORP. ANDREW JACKSON CHADWICK, CO. K,
1904.

MARCUS A. BEST, CO. K,
1870.

CORP. CORNELIUS T. ERINK, CO. K,
1864.

CORP. CORNELIUS T. FRINK, CO. K,
1906.

At Camp Lincoln, Brattleboro. 407

stars and stripes from Fort Sumter to Appomattox rendered more valuable
and signal service and secured greater and more lasting fame than did the 13th
Regiment, Vermont Volunteer infantry on the battlefield at Gettysburg. No
invidious distinction between this regiment and the others from our beloved
state is intended by the author.

The only purpose has been to place on perpetual record an impartial, and
truthful statement relative to the conduct of the volunteers of this regiment
while serving their country as loyal subjects and patriotic soldiers, for equal
rights national integrity and the preservation of the Union.

The last company roll call was finished and the Orderly Sergeants reported
all present or accounted for, and the several companies of the regiment were
marched to the parade grounds and formed a hollow square into which Colonel
Randall and other officers of the Field and Staff entered for the parting cere-
mony. The Colonel said, as I remember, "Boys, we are about to separate and
take the cars for home, and before parting I want to thank each one for his
kindness to me on all occasions, and for your deportment as soldiers. I appre-
ciate your courteous conduct and loyalty to me as your Colonel. I am sorry
to part with you boys, for I feel you are all my friends, I shall never forget
your friendship or faithfulness, and shall ever remember, I trust, with pride
and pleasure how well and manfully you each performed your duty from first
to last, and especially your dash and courage in battle. I have good reason to
be proud for what you did at Gettysburg. I do not enjoy fighting, but unless
the war is soon over shall offer my services again and nothing would please me
more than to have you re-enlist and I again made your Colonel. You made a
good record, none did or could accomplish more, on the march and in the fight.
My heart is sad more than I can tell because of the brave boys who have died
and were killed and wounded at Gettysburg. It is a wonder that many more
were not left on the field when we consider the critical positions we occupied
and desperate charges made. I shall always be glad to see you and hope we may
meet many times. I am sorry we must part. The ties of comradeship have
grown very strong since we have been together. It is my hope and expecta-
tions in whatever sphere of life you may choose, you will prove as faithful
and true and do your duty as well as you have while following the flag of your
country. I do not wish to say good by, but would be pleased to have one
and all come forward that I might take you by the hand before we start for
home." Every one responded to this invitation and went forward helter
skelter and with good wish and a hearty shake of hand expressed their love
and high regard for the man who had cared for, and watched over the wel-
fare of each soldier, irrespective of rank from the beginning to the end, and
for his cool heroic leadership in the deadly struggle for victory on the hills and
in the valleys at Gettysburg. This rather informal reception so much enjoyed
was soon over and all hastened to their respective quarters and soon returned
ready to break camp and march to the depot and at the hour of about two o'clock
in the afternoon started on that ever to be remembered and anxious journey
for our homes dearer now than before. No pen can tell how we longed to meet
and greet the loved ones we left bhind when we hastened to Washington to
join the Union army. Our term of enlistment had expired, we had been duly

CCIRP. MARTIN V. IIICKS, CO. K,
1862.

CORP. MARTIN V. HICKS, CO. K,
1906.

DKFORKST W. HATCH, CO. K,
1862.

DEFOREST W. HATCH, CO. K,
1906.

JOHN W. BROUGH, CO. Kj
1862.

JOHN W. BROUGH, CO. K,
1906.

CLARK H. BUTTERPIELD, CO. K,
1862.

CLARK H. BUTTERFHJLD, CO. K,
1900.

MYROX C. DORMAN, CO. K,
1862.

MYRON C. UORMAX, CO. K,
1907.

^M

CHARLES A. BURNELL, CO. K,
1862.

CHARLES A. BURNELL, CO. K,
1906.

At Camp Lincoln, Brattlcboro. 411

mustered out and were free to go wherever it pleased us best. We still wore
(the most of us) our uniforms and were proud that we had earned the right
to do so. The regiment had been disbanded and there was no longer rank and
file, each again free and all were on a common level and all loyal, brave and
true. And here at Brattleboro, July 21st, 1863, ended the quite remarkable and
thrilling history of one of the most noted regiments from the old Green Moun-
tain State.

The Historian regrets that he has not been able to do ample justice to
this regiment. If all that has been said meets the approval and expectations of my
comrades, then I will be satisfied that my efforts have not been without appre-
ciative reward.

Dated at Swanton, Vt., July 3rd, i

RALPH ORSON STURTEVANT,

Historian.

N. B. The following pages contain more valuable and interesting matter,
biographical sketches, personal reminiscences of army life written by the boys
of the several Companies, papers prepared as to the personnel of each company,
an historical article of the 13th Vt. Regimental Association, its organization by
the survivors, its annual reunions, dedications of monuments to the regiment, on
the battlefield of Gettysburg, to Colonel Francis V. Randall at Northfield, Vt., to
Lieutenant Colonel W. D. Munson at Colchester, Vt., at Milton, Vt., and the
addresses made on the occasions, also a complete roster with information up to
the present time, tabulated pages, an addenda closing with a farewell address
by the Historian.

HENRY BUTtKR, CO. K,
1870.

HENRY BUTLER, CO. K,
1906.

CHARLES A. BARR, CO. K,
1876.

ORANGE A. COMSTOCK, CO. K,
1863.

CADMAS S. GATES, CO. K,
1900.

JAMES HAGAN, CO. K,
1904.

DANIEL MANAHAN, CO. K,
1886.

OLIVER PARAZO, CO. K,
1902.

RODNEY ORCUTT, CO. K,
1865.

RODNICY ORCUTT, CO. K,
19OI.

JOHN J. WINTERBURN, CO. K,
1862.

JOHN J. WINTERBURN, CO. K,
1906.

EI<I H. RICHARDSON, CO. K,
1862.

FREEMAN II. SUNDERI,IN, CO. K,
1862.

PHILIP R. SMITH, CO. K,
1862.

BAILEY B. BRONSON, CO. K,
1862.

On the left.

MARTIN POPE, CO. K,
1865.

MARTIN POPE, CO. K,
1906.

HENRY ROBY, CO. K,
1862.

On the right.

HENRY ROBY, CO. K,
1890.

FREEMAN II., Ax\'D JUS SON,

GEORGE H. SUNDEREIN, CO. K,

1862.

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CHAREES A. MANNING, CO. K,
1905.

JAMES MONRO HOGAIJOOM, CO. K,
1862.

JAMES MONRO HOGABOOM, CO. K,
1906.

HENRY C. MEIGS, CO. K,
1862.

PIENRY B. MiEIGS, CO. K,
1906.

SMITH M. DH;CKER, CO. K,
1865.

SMITH M. DECKER, CO. K,
1904.

RALPH ORSON STURTEVANT, CO. K,
1861.

RALPH ORSON STURTEVANT, CO. K,
1864.

PHILIP R. SMITH, EDGAR CURRIE,

JAMES N. BURNS, CO. K,

1862.

DRUMMER, LEWIS G. LABOUNTY, CO. K,
1907.

DAVID QUEBEC, CO. K,
1907.

CHARI<ES A. MARVIN, CO. K,
1906.

HEM AN W. ALLEN,

Burlington, Vt.,

Historian of Co. A, 13th Vt. Vols.

Biographical and Historical

OF

CO. A

Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

CIVIL WAR 1861-1865

Dedicated to the loving memory of our brave Lieut. John T, Sinnott,
slain in battle at Gettysburg, July 3rd, 1863.

Biographical and Historical of Co. A. 425

THE CONDENSED HISTORY OF COMPANY A.

THE Emmett Guards of Burlington was one of the Thirteen Companies of Uniformed
Militia who first responded to order No. 12 viz: The Emmett Guards of Burling-
ton and the Lafayette Artillery of Calais, with eight of the Companies of
Volunteer Militia named in general order No. 13.

On the 24th of October the Company Officers met at Montpelier and elected the
Field Officers of the 13th Regiment.

The Emmett Guards became Company A by virtue of its Captain, John Lonergan,
holding the oldest Commission. The Company was recruited at Burlington, Rutland
and Westford and while it was regarded as an Irish Company there were some twenty-
five Americans and French Canadians among their numbers; most of these were from
the town of "Westford in Chittenden County. About forty Irishmen were recruited in
Rutland and "West Rutland. Men of strong physique, quiet enough when not aroused
and were ready on a slight pretext to defend their honor and yet were good soldiers
and good comrades.

Captain Lonergan's speech at Gettysburg before the hottest part of the battle was
to this effect. "Boys you have been quite anxious for a fight ever since you enlisted, now
you have got a chance to fight and show what kind of stuff you are made of."

Company A was never accused of shirking duty except in the matter of attending
religious services; a large majority being Roman Catholics, they naturally did not take
kindly to the chaplain's services.

The Company's rendezvous was at Burlington while It was being recruited. The
"Westford men were quartered at the old Howard Hotel where the "Van Ness House now
stands. The proprietor, the late Daniel C. Barber was most kind and considerate, and he
appeared at Brattleboro to bid the boys good-bye when they were leaving for the South.
In remembrance of his kindness and as a token of friendship a handsome silver water
service was presented to him which he treasured highly. The other recruits were fed
and quartered as far as possible at the old Murphy Hotel on "Water Street.

The days were passed in drilling on the Battery or the old Fair Ground, and the
nights in telling stories and reading war news from the front.

The election of Officers was held in a hall in Baxter Block on College Street. John
Lonergan was unanimously elected Captain and John T. Sinnott, first Lieutenant. There
were three Candidates for second Lieutenant, Alvin H. Henry of "Westford, James B.
Scully of Burlington and David McDeavitt of Rutland. McDeavitt finally won the prize
much to the disappointment of a respectable minority.

The wisdom of withdrawing by the "Westford contingency and Joining one of the
other Companies in the County was seriously considered, but finally in the distribution
of non-commissioned appointments, harmony was to some extent assured.

I shall not attempt to give details regarding the so,iourn at Brattleboro, the
difficulty of getting trousers long enough for Corporal John Patten or short enough for
Paul Segar which required shears, needle and thread. The unusual orders we were given
while the Company was drilling were like "Cover your file leader behind" or "Fall in
yees." (Some of the non-commissioned officers were as ignorant and awkward as any of
the privates.)

The boys from Rutland were promised a bounty of $100.00 each which was not
promptly forthcoming. This fact with a little whiskey, caused what at one time promised
to be a small sized riot and established the reputation of Company A, in one sense, as
fighters even before they left Vermont, a reputation which subsequent conduct at Gettys-
burg did not tend to diminish. Captain Lonergan's remarks spoken of previously when
about to have some real fighting were, no doubt, an Incentive to many to show them-
selves true men.

"While the Regiment was encamped at "Wolf Run Shoals, Company A was located
on a side Hill in support of a Battery of Artillery from Connecticut to defend the
ford, an eighth of a mile or more in front of the location of the regiment. Here, aside
from strict guard duty, we had little part in the work of building forts, etc with the
rest of the regiment. "We succeeded during the rather cold weather in making our-
selves very comfortable doing some foraging as we were not strictly under the sur-

426 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers.

veillance ot the Regimental OflBcers. Some of us thought the reason for our detail
might be that Camp was not less quiet and peaceable with the "Irish Regulars" away.
Our soldiering with the exception of this detail was like that of the other Companies,
except possibly being wakened occasionally in the night to witness a ruff and tumble
scrap in the company street.

The part which Company A had in the battle of Gettysburg was one of which
the survivors are justly proud. Captain Lonergan received a medal of honor for dis-
tinguished bravery in the recapturing of cannon belonging to a regular U. S. Battery
from the enemy, the only one given to any member of the Regiment.

The advance to the Rogers House and the capture of prisoners was valorous and
creditable; in fact their conduct as brave and loyal soldiers from muster in and
especially from the time they reached Gettysburg until the end of the battle, was most
worthy.

I do not claim that Company A did all the fighting, but I do claim that we did
our full share. It is expected that quite a number of individual sketches will appear
as a part of our company history by those better equipped than myself. Much indeed
might be said In praise of the boys ot Company A, officers and privates alike. Their
conspicuous deeds of prowess and daring courage during the battle secured a fame more
lasting and honorable than possible in any other walk of life.

No sacrifice so great, no deed so noble and sublime as dying in defence of home
and country. Lieutenant John T, Slnnott, Sergeant Thomas Blake, Patrick M. Corey
and Michael Mclnerny freely offered there young lives on the field of battle that the
country they loved and honored might be saved.

Our historian has asked me to prepare a short sketch of Company A and trace
as far as possible the members. I shall not attempt the latter but refer the reader to
the individual sketches and the revised Roster on the last pages of this book.

H. W. ALLEN.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF CAPT. JOHN LONERGAN, COMPANY A.

MANY incidents with their mixture of humor and pathos, many disappointments,
which if properly looked at, contain the key to their own solution, group them-
selves round every undertaking in a soldier's as well as a civilian's life. The
record of these incidents, even if on a comparatively small scale appeals to all, as the
reader, according to his constitution, race and upbringing sees himself reflected therein
and almost unconsciously finds his pulse quicken as their recital proceeds to a successful
ending. What is here stated has an apt illustration in the circumstances that led to the
formation of Company A. It is the plain record of duty done, of patriotic impulse
perservered in, of principles applied as they were understood, of an estimation that
lives and is cherished round many firesides. If to a Vermonter there are no homes
like Vermont homes, he may he pardoned for thinking there are no men like Vermont
men, no soldiers like Vermont soldiers, either native or foreign born, who look to that
state as to a land they love, even for its very ruggedness of nature, its hills and moun-
tains that have inspired her sons with something of their own strength and stability.
The record of Company A is the record of a blend of races, the officers and major
portion of men being Irish-Americans, the remainder being composed of native Ver-
monters, with a sprinkling of French Canadians. The following account will show
they were all good soldiers, all good Americans, and valiant defenders of the Union.
How the company was not organized till the war had been in progress a year, and
how it was finally sent out, and became hardened soldiers by camp life, picket duty,
and skirmishing for the great drama of Gettysburg, is the object of these pages. The
way was not strewn with roses, and if the habits of character are catching, if patriotism,
to be of value, has to be properly nursed and disciplined then Company A, owes no
small share of its success to the officer who recruited it, fought with it and was mustered
out with it, at the close of the campaign.

The late John Lonergan, Captain of Company A, 13th Regiment Vermont
Volunteer Infantry, was born in the town of Carrlck-on-Suir, County Tipparery, Ireland,
April 7th, 1839, being the eldest son of Thomas and Mary Lonergan. Captain Lonergan
received his preliminary education from the Christian Brothers. His schooling was

Biographical and Historical of Co. .1. 427

however cut short by emigration, and coming to Vermont in 1848 with his parents,
who settled in Burlington, he was soon at the bench helping to support a large family.
In these young years, the work of the day being over, he busied himself at night by
studying and reading, with the occasional assistance of a private teacher. His military
instinct developed itself early, and in 1859 he was a member of the Allen Greys, of
Brandon, Vt., in which organization he learned some useful military lessons. In
1860 he started in the grocery and provision business at Winooski, Vt., and organized
Company B, 4th Regiment, uniformed Militia, of which at that time George J. Stannard
was colonel. By these means Captain Lonergan had acquired a good training for the
coming conflict, and when President Lincoln, on April 15th, 1861, issued his proclama-
tion, convening Congress on July 4th, and calling upon the several States for seventy-
five thousand men, "to aid in the enforcement of the laws and the suppression of
insurrection", he at once offered his services to Colonel Stannard, and was ordered by
him to attend the first war meeting of the officers of the state militia held in Burlington
April 19th, 1861. Though only (our days had elapsed since President Lincoln's call
for troops, yet the meeting promptly supported that demand with armed assistance.
There were present Adjutant-General Henry Baxter who presided and Captain Peter T.
Washburn, as well as the representatives of the thirteen companies throughout the
state. It was resolved to take the ten best prepared companies and form the 1st
Regiment of the three months' men. Captain Lonergan received his commission to
recruit a company for the 2nd Vermont Regiment, which read as follows:

State of Vermont,

Adjutant and Inspector General's Office,

Rutland, May 7th, 1861.

John Lonergan, Sir — You are hereby appointed a recruiting officer to be stationed
at Winooski, in this state, for recruiting and enlisting one company of able-bodied
volunteers to "serve this state and the United States, when duly called for, for the
period of two years, from and after the first day of June, 1861", in accordance w^th
the provisions of an act of the Legislature of this state approved April 26th, 1861. By
order of the Governor and Commander-in-chief,

H. HENRY BAXTER,

Adjutant and Inspector General.

The receiving of a commission to recruit volunteers must have thrilled the spirit
of a young man, twenty-two years of age.

Thus while the war was still in its infancy. Captain Lonergan, throwing himself
with his accustomed energy into whatever he was doing, enlisted as a private on May
7th, and recruited Company K, of which he was chosen captain June 1st. On that
day he reported the full complement of enlisted men, and received the following order:

State of Vermont,
Adjutant and Inspector General's Office,
Rutland, June 3rd, 1861.
Captain John Lonergan, Co. H, Winooski.

Dear Sir — You will herewith receive orders to report with your command to
Lieutenant Colonel Stannard, at Camp Underwood, Burlington, on or before Thursday
next. You will receive your commission on my arrival at Burlington. Yours,

H. HENRY BAXTER,
Adjutant and Inspector General.

Captain Lonergan reported at Camp Underwood, on the old fair grounds, which
was surrounded by a high fence, and many a young soldier, thus brought under restraint
for the first time, took delight in jumping it, being anxious to get back for awhile
to town life. Captain Lonergan was assigned to quarters by Colonel Stannard, and
received the letter K, instead of H, as by order. But an unexpected event then
occurred; Captain Lonergan had not spared himself in getting his men together, nor
in shaping them into soldiers, and was now not a little surprised and annoyed by the
receipt of an order issued by Governor Fairbanks, on June 18th, 1861, disbanding the
company on the ground that the regiment was delayed in consequence of Company
K, not having the requisite number of men. As Captain Lonergan and sixty-five men
had been sworn into the service of the United States, and were in consequence rather

428 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers.

beyond the jurisdiction of the Governor, he felt an injustice had been done to him and
his command. The following afi&davit shows the view taken of the dlsbandment of
the company by General Stannard:

St. Albans, Vekmont,
November 7th, 1864.

I, George J. Stannard, formerly Lieutenant Colonel 2nd Vermont Infantry, take
this occasion to say that I know Captain Lonergan, and that he was under my command
at Camp Underwood, Burlington, reporting to me under orders with his company on
the 4th of June, 1861, and assigned his position in line, — his company being designated
by the letter K. Captain Lonergan performed all his duties well and his company was
considered a good one. His company was disbanded, the reason of which I never
knew. I considered this act at the time a piece of injustice to Captain Lonergan, and
was sorry to lose him and his company, and more especially after their having been
inspected, accepted, and sworn into the United States' service. Captain Lonergan spent
considerable time and money, and in my opinion was dealt with unjustly, and ought
to receive a compensation for the same.

GEORGE J. STANNARD,

Brev. Major-General Volunteers.

After the close of the war Captain Lonergan, entering a claim against the State,
was awarded the indemnity referred to, by a special act of the Legislature. Meanwhile
protesting but submitting to the Governor's order, and seeing for the moment his
hopes dashed to the ground, in the early part of the summer he followed the regiment
to Virginia, taking with him thirty-five men, recruited mostly by Captain Burnham,
Company H. Captain Lonergan was welcomed by ofllcers and men of the 2nd Ver-
mont, and was under fire with them several times, at Lewinsville, Falls Church and
Munson's Hill. But finding himself in the peculiar position of not being recognized
by the regimental roll, he secured a pass from "Baldy" Smith to go to Washington to
interview Simeon Cameron, Secretary of War.

After listening to Captain Lonergan's statement of the dlsbandment of his first com-
pany, Secretary Cameron extended his pass to Vermont, at the same time advising him
to report for duty, very often to Adjutant-General Washburn, as also to every U. S. officer
he met on the way. Captain Lonergan followed this advice faithfully and as it created
quite a stir between Washington and Woodstock. Vermont, the result anticipated
was obtained. Previous to the outbreak of the war, as he was a captain of a company
of state militia (the Emmet Guard), Captain Lonergan, after repeated demands was
finally again called upon to report for duty with his company of 101 officers and men.
These instructions were issued in a general order by Adjutant and Inspector General
Peter T. Washburn, on August 8th, 1862, declaring 4,898 militia to be Vermont's quota
of the 300,000 men summoned to the colors by President Lincoln. This order of the
Adjutant-General, which brings to mind the stormy and threatening days of the war,
enjoins in substance, that all companies of uniformed state militia be detached for
service in compliance with the proclamation of the President. Furthermore, the com-
manding officer of each of the said companies is directed to report with his company
for active service, as the law requires, at such place of general rendezvous as shall be
named, and in the meantime each such ofiicer is notified to hold himself in readiness,
with the company under his command, in the town in which such company is located,
until further orders. When Captain Lonergan received a copy of this order, as com-
manding officer of a company of militia, he was in an awkward position. His personal
wishes, and hopes long deferred, were now gratified, but he had In fact no company,
as after dlsbandment the members of it had been scattered or absorbed by the other
companies of the 2nd Vermont. But Captain Lonergan, taking a practical view of the
matter, set to work recruiting more men. He attended war meetings and from Bur-
lington, Winooski, Westford and neighboring towns, enrolled the names of those who
were willing to enlist. Going to Rutland where he was fortunate in getting Lieutenant
Sinnott and Lieutenant McDevitt to join him, he addressed the Irish quarrymen there,
and enlisted nearly a score of men on the spot, securing in all over forty recruits in
the same city. The result was that forty-eight hours ahead of time the company's
ranks were complete. The election of officers resulted in the unanimous choice of
John Lonergan as captain and John T. Sinnott as first-lieutenant. There were three
candidates for second-lieutenant, namely, Alvin H. Henry of Westford, James B. Scully
of Burlington, and David McDevitt of Rutland, the latter finally being chosen. As
some friction had arisen in the appointment of the second-lieutenant, the wisdom of
withdrawing by the Westford recruits, and joining one of the other companies of the
county was discussed, but harmony was restored by the distribution of places to non-
commissioned officers. Upon making known the organization of his second company.
Captain Lonergan received on September 26th, the following order by telegraph from
the Adjutant-General:

"Report at Brattleboro, with your company, on Monday next."

Biographical and Historical of Co. A. 429

With this concise command begins the connection that united Captain Lonergan
to Company A, 13th Vermont, for the ensuing year.

Previous to leaving Burlington there took place on September 28th, 1862, a very
complimentary affair, by which Messrs. D. C. Barber, proprietor of the Howard House,
John B. Wheeler, City Attorney and S. C. Crombie, at a private dinner, presented
Captain Lonergan with a handsome Colt's revolver, and the following word of en-
couragement for which he was ever grateful to those gentlemen:
To Captain John Lonergan, (Emmet Guard.)

Dear Sir — We beg your acceptance of the accompanying revolver, as a slight
testimonial of the regard we entertain for you as a man, and the confidence we have
in you as a soldier and an officer. With a steady hand and a quick eye, we trust the
revolver will never fail you in the hour of danger.

At Brattleboro came the leave-taking and the final preparations to start for
Washington.

With the company now fully organized some reference to their make-up as they
turned out for drill seems opportune. An examination of the original rolls, preserved
among the papers of the late Captain Lonergan gives interesting results. The medical
inspector's report, dated Burlington, September 17th, 1862, shows 103 men on the list,
with 11 rejected and 17 minors. According to this report 42 men enlisted from Rutland,
35 from Burlington, 21 from Westford, and one man from each of the following towns:
Georgia, Vergennes, Essex, Benson and Wallingford.

When the company reached Brattleboro to be mustered in on October 10th, the
thinning out of undesirable recruits began. There are shown in these rolls 116 names,
of which 11 are marked deserted, 8 not present at muster, and 14 rejected by the
medical inspector, leaving 83 officers and men accepted. Of the 8 men not present at
the muster-in, a subsequent report dated three weeks later declares that three men had
deserted, and one was ill. A misplaced Initial would account for the presence of
another private, giving a remainder of three more not reported. Upon comparing this
roll with previous ones, one supplementing the other as to details, it is found that
some 20 native Vermonters were mustered in, of which about 15 were from Westford.
There were besides 5 French-Canadian citizens accepted, making in round figures 60
Irish-Americans, 1 from Burlington and Rutland, and 25 native Vermonters and French-
Canadians, who marched shoulder to shoulder In Company A. The journey to the
South, the arrival at Baltimore, and the camp at Capitol Hill, in Washington, together
with the marches into and in Virginia must be passed over. All this and the clashes
with the enemy served the purpose of moulding Company A, into what Colonel Randall
was accustomed to call his Irish Regulars. This phrase does credit to their efficiency,
as it also records an attachment existing between captain and rank and file, that
prompted him in the height of the battle of Gettysburg to decline to leave the company,
and assume the duties of the lieutenant colonel, who had been reported wounded.
Besides he also felt, though the matter is a delicate one to mention, that he had not
been promoted at the proper time, and this with the recollection of earlier difficulties,
made him determined to stand by his men, who in fact always stood by him. In this
connection an Incident, regarding an unintentional encroachment on the liberty of
conscience requires mention. When the first Christmas came around the usual orders
were issued to attend divine service. Knowing the feelings of his men, most of whom
were Catholics, and while declaring afterwards, the day might have been better observed
under the circumstances by going to a non-Catholic service than by Idling In camp.
Captain Lonergan objected to being forced to go, and refused to turn out his company.
For this breach of discipline captain Lonergan was placed under arrest and relieved
of his sword. This occurrence, which attained much celebrity In camp at the time,
ended In the honorable return of the sword, and In a modification of regimental orders
to the extent that in future attendance at church services was made voluntary.

Such Incidents go far to show that the following address presented to Captain
Lonergan in Virginia by the company, with a sword and belt, was no unmeaning bit
of phrasing, but was on the contrary a genuine testimonial of affection and regard :

Occoquan, Virginia, May 9th, 1863.

Captain Lonergan — Sir: It is with pleasure and with pride that this duty
devolves upon me, to perform which I have been deputed by the members of your
company. They have long had It in mind to present you with some token, however,
small, to represent to you the high opinion they have of your gallantry and courage
as a soldier, the great respect they entertain for you as a man of upright integrity)
and faithful and fearless attachment and devotion to what is right and just; but above
all, to express to you their appreciation of your conduct towards them as "OUR
CAPTAIN." Sir, though you have always performed your duty without fear or favor, yet
you have tempered It with kindness and forbearance towards those under your command.
It has been your endeavor to soften and mitigate the hardships of the camp, the march,

430

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers.

and the bivouac. You have. Sir, done all in your power to make us good soldiers; you
were always watchful of our good name and welfare; you saw that nothing was left
undone, which ought to have been done to make us contented and comfortable. Sir,
you have been kind to us. Receive, then, from us, this sword and belt, as a mark of
our appreciation of that kindness, as also of your conduct as a man and a soldier' —
as an officer and a gentleman. We know you will carry it with gallantry and courage;
and when it flashes and gleams on the battlefield, we have the proud satisfaction
of knowing that this trusted steel cannot be propelled by stouter arm, nerved by
braver heart than yours. Long may you live to wear it!

Lieut. John T. Sinnott.
" David McDevitt.
Sergeant James B. Scully.
Thomas Blake.
Joseph Weeks.
P. W. Burtch.
Corporal John Patten.

" Thomas Traynor.
Thos. J. Cullegan.
" Timothy Cummings.
Torrey W. Sibley.
Allen G. Prisbie.
" Jacob S. Drew.
John Crowley.
Private Paul Seegar.
Israel Videlle.
Albert Tisdelle.
John Ashey.
Albert Swan.
John Lang.
Terrence Tully.
James Knowles.
Michael QuUty.
" Peter Gaherty.

William Woodruff.
Joseph McLaughlin.

Private Lewis Martin.

Michael Moylan.

Joseph Wallace.

Thomas Farrell.

Julius Goodrich.

Edgar H. Woodruff.

David T. Hard.

Otis N. Rublee.

Patrick Corey.

John Shannahan.

Patrick Ready.

John Nugent.
" Martin Maloy.
" Edward McNeills.
" Michael O'Loughlln.
" Peter Shiette.
" Nicholas Lamb.
" Edward Lyons.
" Michael Mclnerny.
" James Corey.
" William Ryan.
" John Collins.
" John Hanlin.
" Patrick McMahon.
" Patrick Mclnerny.

This touching and manly address was written by Lieutenant Sinnott, who left
his school teacher's desk in Rutland to go to the front with Company A. His death
at Gettysburg was much regretted. Before the battle both lieutenant and captain
agreed to write but not to mail their letters home, so In case anything happened to
either of them, one would know what to do. It became the sad duty of Captain
Lonergan to take charge of Lieutenant SInnott's letter, wherein were instructions as to
the disposal of his effects, and a word to his betrothed. The grave was marked and
later the remains were brought to Vermont for interment in West Rutland, where a
monument has since been raised to his memory by the town authorities.

A short time previous to the presentation of the sword and belt Company A,
was detached from the regiment, and supported by the 2nd Connecticut Battery, was
placed to guard Wolf Run Shoals. What attracted much attention at the time for its
daring capture of a Union general in camp, is referred to in the following order:

Head Quarters 12th Regiment, Vt. Vols.
Near Wolf Run Shoals, Va.,

Feb. 6th, 1863.

Captain — You will detail from your company one (1) lieutenant, and fifteen (15)
men to occupy the upper part of Ford's barn to-night. One man will be kept continually
on the lookout especially towards morning. By order of,

COL. A. P. BLUNT.
P. S. — This detail will be relieved at 7:30 o'clock a. m. to-morrow.

This order, which was repeated three days later, relates to the capture of
General Stoughton, by Mosby's guerillas, at Fairfax Court House. The object of sending
a detail of Company A, to the barn was to make a prisoner of Miss Ford, who was
supposed to have been Instrumental in the capture of the Union general, by making
known to Mosby's men the countersign of the picket line. She was subsequently arrested

Biographical and Historical of Co. A. 431

but was released owing to lack of evidence. Interesting as these events are, with their
unmistakable touch of camp life, the skirmishing and the strange feeling of being in
the enemy's country, they can only be briefly referred to. It is but necessary to say
that Company A, with the other Vermont companies, had all the while taken advantage
of every opportunity to fit themselves for the great battle that was now to burst over
their heads with a shock, the echo of which will long be heard in American History.
(Company A, was time-expired as some claimed by nearly two months when the federal
and confederate armies began to converge to a central point, to decide supremacy at
Gettysburg, but to a man they decided to go into the fight.) What led up to the battle
need not here be related. It is a matter of general history, as Is also the marvellous
attempt made by General Lee to invade Pennsylvania, and threaten Washington. It
would however give a very inadequate idea of what was going on not to mention that the
2nd Vermont Brigade, under the command of General Stannard, was fully aware of the
importance of the seven days' march they completed before arriving at Gettysburg, at
sunset, on the first day of the battle July 1st, 1863. On the afternoon of that day.
Company A, with other Vermont troops came within earshot of the cannonading. The
certain proof that the enemy was now in front, and that there was work to be done
outweighed every recollection of fatigue, crowded their minds with fugitive thoughts
of home, of the peaceful view of nature that lay on each side of them, but above all
with the sense of duty, that none but a soldier could know, at that moment when
duty became more personal and Imperative to them as the hours wore on.

The mounted courier that brought the news of the death of General Reynolds,
and the determined stand the Confederates were making, acted on their minds with a
premonitary effect, and as they felt the battle was to be no common one, they girded
themselves for the conflict.

The canvas here becomes so large, the number of eminent generals and ofiicers
on both sides so great, and the feats of heroism so numerous, that to confine the great
panorama to the doings of one brigade and to one regiment, and to one company,
seems a task bound to result in failure. But as each company and each regiment and
each brigade are units, performing in miniature the sum of deeds done at Gettysburg, it
is obvious that, providing the proper perspective be observed, the record of one regiment
nay of one company, cannot but prove of interest. As regards Company A, Captain
Lonergan always had reason to feel proud that he and his men performed their full
duty. Two achievements stand out above the rest in this record; the part taken by
the company in the re-capture of 4 guns of a U. S. Battery, Turnbull's or Weir's of the
Reserve Artillery and the capture, by the company of sharpshooters and infantrymen
in and about the Peter Rogers house on the Emmitsburg road.

As to the re-capture of 4 guns of a Battery U. S. Artillery Reserve when the
order to charge bayonets was given. Company A, was not behind the other companies
under command of Colonel Randall. The boys of Company A, were among the first to
reach the lost battery and covered themselves with glory in that brave and daring
incident.

As creditable as this was, and though the honor of re-capturing the guns of that
battery is shared by those who took part therein. Company A, was now called on to
perform a most gallant deed, one in fact that only brave men could hope to accom-
plish. (Benedict, Vermont in the Civil War, Vol. II, p. 457.)

When it was noticed that the regiment was sustaining severe loss from firing
that came from the Rogers house on the Emmitsburg road, Colonel Randall, turning
to Captain Lonergan said: "that house is full of sharpshooters, take your company
and capture them."

There was no hesitation to comply. Captain Lonergan afterwards wrote an
account of the part taken by Company A, in the battle on reaching the house. "Near the
door I saw an officer with a rifle in his hands and called for his surrender, demanded
and received his sword and shouted: 'Come out here, every confounded one of you.'
My order was obeyed instantly, for the Confederates came tumbling out until we had
a large number of prisoners. Each man laid down his gun, until I had a considerably
larger number of men as prisoners than I had in my entire company."

Colonel Randall wrote the following letter to Captain Lonergan soon after the
war. It was apparently in reply to a request for a statement of the company's record,
and coming from such a source it must long be held in estimation for its fair discrimina-
tion as regards Company A.

Montpelier, July 13th, 1869.
Captain:

Your letter is received. I shall always be found ready to do justice to old Com-
pany "A" of the 13th Regiment, ranking o^fficer and all. I have on more than one
occasion particularized that Company for their efficiency as soldiers, and particularly
for their zeal and bravery at Gettysburg. Some interested parties have tried, and are
still trying, to rob the 13th Regiment of the laurels fairly won by them at Gettysburg,

432 The Thirteenth Reghnent Vermont Volunteers.

or to parcel them with other regiments who had no part in them. If any act entitled
the brigade to commendation during the fight, it was the retaking of Hancock's guns
and the capture of two guns from the rebels, and the capture of prisoners on the
afternoon of the second day of the battle. To you and your company belongs the
immediate honor of capturing prisonerss at the Roger's house on the Emmitsburg road.
And on the following day, when the 13th led and made the flank attack on the rebel
column that attempted to break our center. Company "A" being the right company of
the Regiment, nobly stood and formed the pivot on which the Regiment swung as we
changed front under the most murderous fire of the battle, and I have not forgotten,
too. that it was here that the noble Sinnott fell. The position of your Company at
that moment was most trying of all, being at a stand-still, while the other companies
were in motion. This was a daring movement to perform and we lost several l)rave
boys in its execution, but I shall always believe the result of the battle of Gettysburg
turned on the circumstance of General Stannard and his Second Vermont Brigade
holding the front battle line against which General Pickett with his 12,000 gallant
heroes made their desperate and last charge; and in this opinion I am sustained by
many good officers, among whom were Doubleday and Hancock, the latter of whom has
so assured me by his autograph letters, which I have.

Now, Captain, I hope you do not think that I laid up anything against you per-
sonally on account of the Ranking Officer affair, for I never did. All colts have to be
halter broke and then we get good horses of them. I had some colts.

Truly,

F. V. RANDALL.

The concluding paragraph of a statement prepared by Captain Lonergan on the
subject of Company A, about which he talked but rarely, except when strongly moved
as on this occasion, deserves to be quoted:"! trust I may be excused" he says, "tor
using the personal pronoun so often. It is not easy to separate me from my company.
I have in this letter given testimony of the valor of Company A. Heman Allen was
there, Jas. B. Scully was there, Sibly, Hanlin, Shannahan and others were there. God
alone saved you boys, and long may you live to enjoy the blessings of your great nation,
to behold her as she is, great, glorious and free."

Out of a total of 11 killed in the regiment at Gettysburg, Company A, lost 4
men, to which should be added the name of Sergeant-Major Smith who fought with the
company in the battle on July 3rd, in the capacity of lieutenant. The killed of Com-
pany A, were: Lieutenant John T. Sinnott. Sergeant Thomas Blake, Patrick Corey and
Michael Mclnerny. The wounded were: Corporal T. W. Sibley, John Hanlin, Martin
Maloy, Michael Moylan, John Shannahan, William Woodruff, and Joseph Wallace, making
a total of 12 casualties. (Benedict: Vermont in the Civil War, Vol. II, pp. 488, 494;
also attached list.)

Among the papers of the late Captain Lonergan is the following comment on the
discharge of the company, between whom and the writer there was always a strong
bond of affection, in fact more than is usual between officer and men: "After the
gallant work done and the remarkable achievements of the 13th Vermont, and by my
boys in particular, as stated by the colonel above, the 13th Vermont may well retire to
their own green hills, having so nobly finished their term of enlistment."

The regiment having been ordered home a few days after the battle of Gettysburg,
was discharged from the service of the United States at Brattleboro, Vt., July 21st. 1863.
On arrival at Burlington, Vt.. Company A, was royally welcomed. An address on behalf
of the citizens was read to Captain Lonergan by Sol Adams. It was a joyful occasion
to see loved ones again, and though the ranks had been thinned by death and disease,-
their reputation had gone before them, to the responsive hearts of generous minded
people, "all of whom turned out to receive us", wrote Captain Lonergan. "all work being
suspended for the occasion, that I and my men will long hold in grateful remembrance."

Though the late Captain Lonergan was never wounded, he sustained internal
injuries that incapacitated him for a time after his return to Vermont. But to the call
of duty he was ever attentive. What is known as the St. Albans Raid roused up the
people of Vermont to the danger that lay near their doors. The news that an armed
force had crossed the line from the Dominion of Canada into the State, and had looted
several banks, caused emergency meetings to be held, and as the Dominion was the
home of many Confederates, with whom the Canadians were in sympathy, it was deter-
mined to take active measures to repel any attack that might come from that quarter.
Captain Lonergan was chosen to recruit Burlington's quota of 15 men, and enlisted
himself as a sergeant, on May 3rd, 1865, in the Frontier Cavalry, (26th, New York),
and was on duty near Saxe's Mills when Lee surrendered, being discharged from service
June 27th, 1865, at Burlington.

In civil life Captain Lonergan was twice appointed a deputy collector of U. S.
Customs. The last occasion was in 1886 when he was sent to Montreal, Canada. It

Biographical and Historical of Company A. 433

was while living in that city that deserved recognition was made by the U. S. Govern-
ment of his services as a soldier. Upon recommendation being sent to Washington by
the friends of Captain Lonergan, at the head of which was Senator Proctor, the much
coveted medal of honor was granted to him as is referred to in the following letter:

Record and Pension Office,

War Department,
Washington City, Oct. 28th, 1893.
Captain John Lonergan,

late of Co. A, 13th Vt. Vols.,

Montreal, P. Q., Canada.

Captain — I am directed by the Secretary of War to inform you that I have this
day forwarded to you in registered mail a medal of honor, awarded you for distinguished
gallantry in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863, in accordance with the act of Con-
gress approved March 3rd, 1863, providing for the presentation of the medals of honor
to such officers, non-commissioned officers, and privates as have most distinguished
themselves in action.

Very respectfully,

F. P. AINSWORTH,

Col. U. S. Army.

The full inscription on the reverse side of the bronze medal reads as follows:
"The Congress to Captain John Lonergan, Company A, 13th Vermont, Volunteers for
distinguished gallantry in action at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863."

In the official circular published by direction of Secretary of War Taft in 1904,
giving the list of names of those to whom the medals of honor had been awarded, with
reference to Captain Lonergan, it is declared the award was made for "Gallantry in
the re-capture of four guns and the capture of two additional guns from the enemy,
also the capture of a number of prisoners." *

Captain Lonergan held his position in the U. S. Customs till failing health obliged
him to retire. He died August 6th, 1902, in Montreal, and was buried at Burlington, a
place towards which his heart ever turned.

In politics Captain Lonergan was a Democrat, and in religion a Roman Catholic.
Any sketch of him would not be complete without a reference to his adherence to fixed
principles, an instance of which may be mentioned. After losing his first political ap-
pointment, he picked up his tools and worked at his trade for some fifteen years till
his party went into power again, when he was re-appointed. Conduct of this kind and
his war record won him friends among both parties, wherever he went. His sense of
humor, quick wit, and command of ready effective speech, made him as much at home
on the public platform, as he was a welcome guest at the camp-fire and banquet table.
He is survived by his wife, one son and two daughters.

It may not be out of place here to remark that Captain Lonergan, in 1864,
published and edited in Burlington during six months, a weekly paper called "The
Irish Watchman."

THOMAS F. LONERGAN.

* Confederate Historians claim tliat no cannon were lost by Genera! Lee during tlie battle of Gettysburg.
They ought to know, and likely are correct.

434 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers.

HEMAN W. ALLEN

Was born in the town ot Westford, Chittenden County, Vermont, 1844. Enlisted 1862;
joined Company A, Captain John Lonergan, 13th Vermont Regiment; served as Com-
pany Clerk, discharged at Brattleboro with the Regiment. At time of enlistment was
clerk in a country store at Westford. Fall of 1863 entered Eastman's Business
College at Poughkeepsle, New York. After graduation was employed as a teacher
In that Institution for a few months. Returned to Vermont spring of 1864;
entered the employ of Edward Lyman, a dry goods merchant, at Burlington. Formed
a co-partnership in 1869, the firm being Lyman & Allen, continuing until 1890, when,
upon the death ot Mr. Lyman, the firm became H. W. Allen & Co., so remaining until
the present time. Married In 1881 to Miss Juliette Keeler. One son, Edward Lyman
Allen, named after an old friend and business partner; is 16 years old and a member
of the Class of 1904, St. Paul's School, Garden City, N. Y. Edward Lyman Allen, assisted
Miss Lois K. Clark, daughter of Colonel Henry O. Clark In unveiling the monument of
the 13th Vermont Regiment at Gettysburg.

MILITARY RECORD.

Eighteen hundred and sixty-two and eighteen hundred and sixty-three, private
Company A, 13th Vermont Regiment. 1865-1868, First Lieutenant Company I, 1st Reg-
iment Vermont State Militia, Colonel William D. Munson. 1894, Inspector Rifle Practice
Vermont National Guard, with rank of Colonel on the Staff of Governor U. A. Woodbury;
elected Delegate to National Encampment Grand Army of the Republic 1899; again
elected Delegate in 1901. 1899, appointed Aide-de-camp on the Staff of Wm. C. Johnson,
Commander in Chief of the Grand Army of the Republic; was elected Treasurer of the
13th Vermont Regiment Association at its organization. Is the only officer of the Asso-
ciation who has held same office since its formation; served as President of the Associa-
tion June 1890 to June, 1901. 1902 chief of Staff Commander R. E. Hathern, Depart-
ment of Vermont G. A. R. 1903, reappointed by Department Commander Frank Kenfield
to same office.

FINANCIAL

Eighteen hundred and nlnty, elected a Director of Merchants' National Bank of
Burlington, Vt., 1902, chosen Vice-President of same, probably the strongesst Financial
Institution in the State.

The foregoing Is Comrade Heman W. Allen's contribution to this History. He
has held important political positions. The most exclusive doors of society are open
to him. His business methods and achievements are the admiration of his friends. He
has never turned a deaf ear to the demands of charity. His character Is good and
worthy of emulation. He devoted some of the best portion of his life to the service
of his country. His personality has impressed Itself upon his State. He was Treasurer
of the Sub-Committee on the Gettysburg Monument of the 13th Vermont Regiment. His
prudent counsel and generous benevolence helped to make that Monument possible.

The writer, therefore, believed that his comrades had the right to a more extended
biography: But, knowing that modesty is not his least prominent characteristic, wrote
Colonel Allen for permission to amplify the foregoing record. The following is his
reply in part: "I assure you I appreciate your kind Interest and will be very glad
to have you smoothe out the rough places in the statement I submitted. Don't make
it too broad: If I have lived honestly and soberly among my fellow-men, and can
continue to do so until the end, leaving a good name as an inheritance, with a record
of some good and little mischief, I ought to be satisfied."

It modesty is the measure of merit, the foregoing record and this characteristic
reply are suggestive. In the life of every man with strong predilections for a certain
vocation, there are found early indications of a preference for that work, and these
instinctive expressions may sometimes be traced through an entire life.

During Napoleon's banishment to Elba and St. Helena he was planning fortifica-
tions and laying out harbors safe in storms, and that could be easily defended from
assault. The ruling passion could not be suppressed.

There are facts in the lite of Comrade Allen that furnished evidence that those who
have distinguished themselves as soldiers and poets are not the only men who were
born to their avocations. The record shows that he was clerk in a country store at 18,
when he enlisted. During his term of service he was Company Clerk. His Intimate
relations with his officers would naturally have given him the preference, had he desired

Biographical and Historical of Company A. 435

a non-commissioned appointment, and there were vacancies; but he accepted none and
cared for none of these. He Icept his gun clean and his powder dry, and in the days
of battle he took his place In the ranks and stood shoulder to shoulder and fought side
by side with the bravest. At all other times during his military life he was simply
the business man of his Company. After he was mustered out, he graduated at East-
man's Business College, and was employed there as a teacher for a few months. The
better to prepare him for his calling, he then became a clerk in the store of Edward
Lyman, at Burlington, Vt., next a co-partner in that store, and is now the proprietor of
a business establishment in Burlington second to none in Vermont, or in New England
outside of Boston.

In every period of his life his record discloses his business instincts. He is a
born merchant, but his present position was not bestowed as a gift. Its primacy is the
result of years of labor and struggle.

Statistics show that 90 per cent, of all the merchants in the United States have
failed. Causes for this are various. During hard times a merchant is sometimes com-
pelled to extend the credit of his customers who are unable to pay promptly. This may
compel him to borrow money and give his notes. If these notes are held for a short
time by the hand of forbearance, the maker may return solvent, and become prosperous.
These wreckers are financial highwaymen who lie in wait to seize the unwary merchant,
and destroy him. All that he can do is to protect and defend himself against them. It
Is said that "Eternal Vigilance is the price of Liberty." It is certainly the price of
commercial success. And there are times when the exercise of the utmost vigilance
scarcely suffices to apprise a merchant of approaching danger. Financial panics in 1873
and 1893 shook the business world from center to circumference, and swept it as with
the besom of destruction. But He-man W. Allen did not fail! In the great crisis of
life, character is often the determining factor. The man who can conduct a large
business successfully through financial cyclones like these, must be endowed with great
characteristics. In such times of wide spread bankruptcy and desolation, a command
of credit might constitute the only hope of success. Amid such scenes capital becomes
extremely sensitive. A mere business, however great, is less valuable in obtaining
credit than the character of the man who conducts it. Fortunate, then, is that merchant
whose character is founded on virtues that render his integrity unassailable. A con-
stant state of preparedness is the best assurance of business success. He that succeeds
must be alert and cautious, giving "every man his ear but few his voice", anticipating
all possible dangers as well as all possible opportunities of his business, studying, as a
player at chess, all the possible combinations that might imperil success. He must
unite the wisdom of the serpent with the harmlessness of a dove. He must have the
power of mental concentration and thorough knowledge and mastery of himself. His
keen intelligence must enable him to view matters in their true proportions. His mental
equipoise must not permit him to give an "unproportioned thought its act." If there
is a factor of possible disturbance he must eliminate that factor — the budding discord
must be nipped before its blossoming. He must have the prescience of a seer'.

It was in the man to win by leadership — the initiative — the power of bringing
things to pass. He inherited manly strength, genious, and an imagination dominated
by intellectual force that has rendered his discernment prophetic. Decision of character
is an essential element in all great achievements. He has shown a steadfastness of
purpose that has overcome all obstacles. Nor has he neglected his civic or social duties.
His record shows that he has held various public positions of honor and trust. But,
he is a merchant. He has concentrated his psysic powers upon his enterprises. Results
illustrate the force of those powers. His success is only limited by the possibilities of
his field of endeavor. He has conquered his loorld] Those who knew him in his young
manhood did not realize that beneath his quiet unimpressive exterior a strong will was
being forged and an alert intelligence was being trained for future need, that he was
developing that peculiar faculty of which the wisest have boasted — that enables man
to learn something of every body. Perhaps the very power of veiling from the common
gaze the abysmal deeps of personality is one of the traits that gives him so strong a
hold on human hearts. A divinity whose nature we could explore we could not worship.
There was gladness in his youth and young manhood, but the undercurrent flowed in
a deep set channel of serious and direct endeavor. The power of self restraint, the
genuine modesty of intellect are here revealed — the outer man has become the reflection
of inward grace and refinement. In his store, it is evident that the place, the hour and
the man have met. We are in the presence of one of the fortunate conjunctions of the
business world. This automatic, frictionless, perfect working establishment was not
created where you see it, but was coined from the brain of its master amid the solitudes
of his study. It is the realization of the dream of a boyhood that saw everything,
forgot nothing, thought much, and talked little. Business types and ideals are higher
and finer to-day than ever before in history. But there are no higher or finer types
than in this busy mart of commerce. Business is here shown to be the blending of
self-interest with moral ideas. No employee is asked to stifle his conscience, or com-
promise his sense of self-respect. Truth applied to human affairs is justice. Colonel

436 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers.

Allen's business has not been shaped more for a desire for gain, than by an exalted sense
of truth and duty, the doing of which has been and is a pleasure. Omniscient scrutiny
would fail to find any silver here that is stained with blood or rusted with tears. His
methods are impersonal; they concern his business; he impresses that view upon his
clerks with whom his relation is ideal. To a casual observer of the place the relation
of employer and employee seems to have been eliminated. Bach appears to be a valued
friend and co-worker. Strikes are not bred in such an atmosphere. When the proprietor
enters, there is an expression on each face, as if to say: "My brother has come."
Friendship, truth and love so permeate .its atmosphere that its charm is grateful
Colonel Allen's influence over all the young men and women who have been and are
his co-workers will exert a beneflcient force for generations to come by furnishing just
standards for limitations of gain, and high ideals of duty.

The "Rogers House" between the opposing lines of battle at Gettysburg, was
filled with confederate sharpshooters. Our Colonel devolved upon the Captain of Com-
pany A and his brave men the duty of dislodging them. They promptly performed
that duty, taking from that house many prisoners. Comrade Allen and his gallant
associates won tor their Captain a medal of honor, well merited and worthily worn.
During the entire battle of Gettysburg Heman W. Allen, the Company Clerk, was as
fearless a fighter as any other member of his fighting regiment. He takes no thought
of the fact that dauntless courage, patient endurance and sublime self-sacrifice have
been illustrated in his character and life; it is for the men of this generation to recognize
and applaud them; but it is for the men of every generation to seek to emulate his
noble qualities never belittled by vascilation, his lofty patriotism without a suggstion
of selfishness, and his broad manhood, never degraded by vice.

LIEUT. STEPHEN F. BROWN OF CO. K.

ALLEN G. FRISBIE

I was born (as told me) at early candle lighting, March 17, in the year of our
Lord one thousand eight hundred and forty, in the town of Westfield, Chittenden
County, Vermont. My advent on St. Patrick's Day was a source of comment, and my
father and mother were happy for to them was born a son on that quite eventful day.
I do not know as the day influenced my childhood or early manhood, but do recall that
from earliest recollections was afraid of toads and snakes.

I was educated in the common schools of Vermont, attending school winters and
work on the farm summers. I had a brother younger who was of Company H, 3rd Ver-
mont Volunteers, mortally wounded, at Spotsylvania Court House, Va., May 12, 1864
and another brother in the 9th Minnesota Volunteers taken prisoner and died in
Andersonville Prison. We all loved our home and country and therefore volunteered
to protect and save them. My parents were proud that their sons were loyal and
true, two out of three was a great sacrifice even for the preservation of the Union,
but lives thus offered are not in vain. We boys early decided to go into the army,
and I volunteered in August, 1862, joined Company A 13th Regiment Vermont Volun-
teers and on the organization of Company A was made a corporal and with patriotic
pride fulfilled my duties from muster in until discharged with the Regiment July 21, 1863.
In the spring of 1863 was sick with typhoid fever and was sent to Mount Pleasant
Hospital, Washington, D. C, and was slowly recovering at the time of the Gettysburg
campaign. It has been the regret of my life that I was not permitted to take part
and share in the great battle of Gettysburg. I might have been slain had I been
present but no greater honor could have befallen me. I was not timid or afraid when
in danger or when there was a prospect of a battle. I recollect well the night attack
of General J. E. B. Stuart, December 28, 1862, with a strong force of 4,000 cavalry, the
flower of General Lee's Army against three regiments of our 2nd Vermont Brigade
the 12th, 13th and 14th, the 15th being out on picket duty along Bull Run River and
the 16th had been sent down to Fairfax station to guard the supplies there when
General Stoughton first heard that a raid was coming. News came from Washington
that General Stuart was on a raid with a large force in the direction of Fairfax Court
House giving General Stoughton orders to be ready and hold his position. The drum
corps of the 13th beat the long roll, the camp was alarmed and the orderly sergeants
cried out loud and strong " fall in fall in" and in a few minutes we were being rapidly
marched up to the Court House expecting every moment to see the rebels coming. We
were quickly placed in the rifle pits ordered to load and wait for orders to fire. All
felt a battle was imminent for we had heard that General Stuart with a large body
of cavalry was nearby and when we heard them coming up the pike and the greeting
that Companies B and G of the 12th gave the head of the approaching column, we
knew a battle had commenced and we with loaded rifles in hand anxiously waited tor
orders to fire. Our battery sent a few shells hissing among them and Stuart, halted
and made up his mind that we were advised of his approach and were fully prepared
to fight and then moved off to our left and was soon out of sight and sound. This
affair was attended with all the preliminaries of a more portentious battle. It was

miograpnicai ana mstoncai of Lonipany A. 437

my initiation under fire and was not unduly frlglitened or alarmed. I was now confident
that our boys of Company A could fight well when ever called on, and therefore am
confident had I been in the battle line when the 2nd Vermont Brigade made its desperate
and famous charge against General Pickett's approaching columns on the eventful day,
July 3rd, 1863, should have been found touching elbows with my comrades in the battle
lines during that great battle. I was discharged with the regiment at Camp Lincoln,
Brattleboro, Vt., July 21st, 1863. I was a soldier almost a year though the term of
service was only nine months. Some of the boys claimed our time was out before
the march to Gettysburg, and were so sure that when our regiment broke camp at
Occoquan, Va., June 25th, 1863, made calculations to march to Washington, D. C. and
then go home to Vermont. I never heard one of the boys, old or young of Company
A but what was proud of taking part in the battle of Gettysburg. Since the Civil
War have been a farmer, merchant, insurance agent and speculator in real estate and
also school superintendent and trustee for seven years. I now reside in Geneva, N. Y.
I am a married man and am quite content and happy. I am sorry that am not blessed
with children to enjoy this glorious land saved to posterity by the noble volunteers
of 1861-5.

Now comrade Sturtevant, I have fully complied with your request for brief
personal sketch. I am sorry that I am not able to write something of more interest. You
may cut this article down or leave it out entirely and no offence. I am glad a history
of our regiment is to be published and look forward with pleasure for opportunity
to see and read it.

ALLEN G. FRISBIB.

Corporal Allen G. Prisbie of Company A 13th Regiment Vermont Volunteers was
a good soldier, is a good citizen and a thoroughly reliable man.

HEMAN W. ALLEN, Co. A 13th Vt. Vols.,

Burlington. Tt.

FIRST LIEUTENANT JOHN T. SINNOTT, COMPANY A.

My recollection of John T. Sinnott dates from the time when he joined the
Company at Burlington before its organization, coming from Rutland with a number
of recruits, all Irishmen, most of them eager for a fight, in the service of the Nation.
Young Sinnott was a native of Ireland; he was a school teacher at East Rutland,
when the Nine Months' Men were called for, and he at once enlisted and came to
Burlington. At the election of officers he was unanimously chosen First Lieutenant
and proved himself a competent officer and a brave soldier. He was of fine physique,
commanding in appearance, always gentlemanly, kind and generous, beloved and res-
pected by every man in the company and regiment. It was my privilege to know him
more intimately than most of the privates; my duties as company clerk bringing
me in closer realtions with the officers of the company than would have otherwise been
possible, and I do not recall an instance of impatience or injustice on his part towards
any members of the company. The relations between the officers, as far as I know,
were harmonious and friendly, it is a satisfaction to me, after these many years, to pay
this tribute to a good friend, a thorough gentleman and a brave soldier.

During the flank attack of July 3d he was struck in the forehead by a piece of
shell and died a day or two after in a hospital and was buried at Gettysburg. I was
near him at the time, we were lying behind the slight protection of rails, etc., which
we had gathered together and had been in that uncomfortable position for some time;
the men were uneasy, some of them would stand up to gaze over the rails to see what
the conditions were in front, he raised up to caution the men, saying, "Boys, lie
down or you'll surely be hit," when he himself received the fatal wound spoken of above.

He anticipated his fate and in his pocket was found a paper written at the close
of the first day of July, giving directions for a disposition of his property and bidding
farewell to his betrothed. His remains were subsequently removed to Vermont and
interred in the Catholic Cemetery at West Rutland.

It was understood that he was to be promoted to the captaincy of another company
and while he would have rejoiced at his promotion the feeling was that his removal
would be a serious loss to Company A.

HEMAN W. ALLEN.

438 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers.

A TRIBUTE TO SERGT. JAMES B. SCULLY BY H. W. ALLEN AT A
REGIMENTAL REUNION HELD AT MONTPELIER, VT.

A TRIBUTE of affection and respect to the memory of my deceased comrade is to me
a labor of love. We have worked together and planned together for over forty
years, in the same line of business, competitors, in these days of close competition,
yet I do not recall the time when I would have felt the least hesitancy in asking a
favor, or a time when I would not have been willing to grant one, either of a personal
or business nature. Belonging to the same political party, usually in accord, he was
always enthusiastic and ready to labor in the interest of that party and for its interests.

James B. Scully was born in Burlington October 7th, 1842; he attended the public
schools until the age of 14, when he began services as a clerk in a dry goods store.
Whem th(e war came he was ready to shoulder his musket in the defense of his
country, enlisted with Capt. Lonergan in a militia company, known as the Emmet
Guard, afterwards Company A of the 13th Regiment; was at the organization appointed
Second Sergeant. Early in 1863 was promoted to Orderly Sergeant and served with
the company until he was mustered out at Brattleboro. He was a good soldier, prompt
to obey orders, obliging and kind, yet a good disciplinarian, and he had the friendship
and respect of every man in the company as far as I know. He was of untiring
service to his comrades whether belonging to the 13th or to other organizations.

The prominence of Orderly Sergeant Scully in the movement made by the regi-
ment on the third day of the battle at Gettysburg, prompted Mr. Benedict in his
history, "Vermont in the Civil War," to allude to him as the pivotal man in the
pivotal battle of the war, how well he performed his duty all through his service and
in the trying times I can speak from personal knowledge. He has said many times
that I was next in line when Pickett's charge was repulsed; I think, however, he
was mistaken, if my memory serves me rightly. Corporal Patten was in the front
rank, and I in the rear.

Sergeant Scully reenlisted in the 26th New York Cavalrs' known as the Frontier
Cavalry, was promoted to Sergeant May 13th, and mustered out June 27th, 1865. After-
wards served three years as second lieutenant in the Burlington company of the First
Regiment, Vermont Militia, retiring in 1871.

He was an active member of Standard Post, G. A. R.; filled the several offices of
Adjutant, Junior Vice Commander, Senior Vice Commander and Post Commander with
credit; was Assistant Adjutant General, Department of Vermont, 1885, always a most
useful and hard working member o£ the Post. The confidence of his fellow citizens
was shown by his appointment as Notary Public, election as Justice of the Peace and
election April 30th, 1896, as a delegate to the National Republican Convention; he was
appointed Aide de Camp to General Horace Porter. Grand Marshal of the Parade at
Washington, at the Inauguration of President McKinley in 1897.

He was a life long Republican, an earnest and indefatigable worker, not for his
own benefit, but for the principles and interests of that party.

He was the most genial and affable of men; his friends were legion and his word
was as good as a bond; he was a good soldier, a good citizen, a good husband, a good
father and a loyal friend, he is missed in the community in which he lived.

He was Instrumental in issuing the call for the first reunion of the regiment in
1888 at Underbill. The signers of the call were W. D. Munson, L. F. Terrill, John H.
Lyon, T. F. Whipple, H. W. Allen, J. B. Ellis. A. D. White and J. B. Scully. He was
elected first Secretary, later was elected President of the Association, his interest in
behalf and for the benefit of the comrades was unceasing.

Editor Whitney, of The Northfield News had this to say of him: "The sudden
death in Washington of James B. Scully, of Burlington, comes as a shock to his wide
circle of friends in Vermont.

"Mr. Scully was a self-made man, serving first as a clerk, and afterwards conducting
a leading dry goods business in Burlington. He was a veteran with a highly honorable
record and tor years had been an Influential Republican in his city and county. During
the past few years he had been a door-keeper in the House of Representatives in
Washington, a position he admirably filled. A rare characteristic of Mr. Scully was
his loyalty to his friends and associates and his cordial outspoken honesty. Many
have lost a true friend in the death of this worthy upright citizen."

We miss him at the reunions. We miss his cordial hearty greetings and as the
years roll by he will not be forgotten by those of us who are left behind.

HEMAN W. ALLEN.

Biographical and Historical of Company A. 439

TORREY W. SIBLEY

I was born in the town of Westfield on the 17th day of August, 1841, and lived in the
above named town and worked as a farmer until I was 21 years of age. On the 23rd
day of August, 1862, just one week after having reached my majority, I enlisted in
Captain John Lonergan's Company A, the 13th Regiment Vermont Volunteers, and
served as corporal. I enjoyed good health while in the service and was present with
the company and ready for duty all the time, Including the march that brought the
regiment to the battlefield of Gettysburg, where I was wounded during Picket's charge
on the 3rd day of July, 1863. Sergeant Henry having reported to the Captain that I
was wounded, was soon taken to the rear for surgical attention. My wound was not
serious but was detained in the hospital and did not reach Brattleboro until after the
regiment was mustered out and gone home. I was discharged by Major Austine on the
23rd day of July, 1863, and reached my home in Westford at 12 o'clock, midnight of
the same day. I remained at home waiting for the wound to heal until the 14th day
of the following September when I went to Boston, Mass. Here I engaged in the team-
ing business until November, 1879. Having met with an accident was compelled to
give up my business. In April, 1886, not having fully recovered from my injuries,
deemed it wise to return to Vermont, and moved with my family to Essex Junction,
Vt. I here formed a partnership with Mr. Place in July, 1888, and we engaged in the tin
and hardware business and continued with fair success until burned out January 1st,
1893. My health not being very good suffering from service in the army and injuries
received in Boston concluded to retire from active business. I have in recent years
served as trial justice to the present time, February, 190.5.

I was the son of Timothy and Abby (Davis) Sibley. I married Diantha Seavey,
daughter of Jacob and Eliza (Eaton) Seavey, November 6th, 1867, her place of birth
was Brookline, Maine and date April 8, 1843. Our union was blessed with a son and
daughter, Fred Stanley, born in Boston, Mass., May 15, 1870, and Lottie Mary, May

15, 1874. Our daughter died at Essex Junction, Vt., February 9, 1890. Our son is
living (1905) in Medford, Mass. My experience as a soldier was similar to the rest
of the boys of the 13th Regiment until the battle of Gettysburg. I never can forget
the awful scenes of carnage during the battle and it is a wonder that any escaped
alive. Others more fluent with pen have no doubt written of the sanguinai-y strug-
gles in which our regiment took part and while I might say something personal
refrain, thinking it might be said I am vain. Indeed I am proud of freely
offering my young life in the service of my country and that I was permitted to take
part in that great battle of victory which was the turning and most Important battle
of the Civil War. I am and ever have been thankful that I was born in Vermont,
was a volunteer in the 13th Regiment, Vermont Volunteers, and that I have lived
to realize that the boys that wore the blue saved and perpetuated the best and
most humane government of history. I am now 64 and know the final call is at hand
I hope to be buried in sight of old Mansfield, which mountain from earliest recollec-
tions commanded my love and admiration and it overlooked the modest home where
I was born. In closing I am glad to say to my dear comrades of the 13th that I
am proud of their heroic deeds and the record they have made since the war. May
you live long, be happy and die respected. We shall all see each other when gathered
on that eternal camping ground where all is peace and love. Good Bye,

TORREY W. SIBLEY.

Torrey W. Sibley (now deceased) was a noble specimen of Vermont's most gallant
and valiant sons. His life was upright and blameless and was beloved by all who
knew him. His blood was shed on the gory fields of Gettysburg as a sacrifice for
his country. He was gentle, generous and kind, genial and greeted all with a warm
hand, joy and gladness beaming in his eyes. In camp he was gentle as a lamb, in battle
as fierce as a tiger. He is missed at our annual reunions and surely will not be
forgotten. Let all cherish his memory and emulate his virtues. It is with pleasure
that I offer this tribute in behalf of my brave and gentle comrade.

R. O. STURTEVANT, Historian.
SERGT. FAYETTE W. BURTCH.

I was born in the town of Westford, Chittenden County, State of Vermont, July

16, 1833, and was at the date of enlistment 27 years of age, volunteered from Westford
and counted on the quota for that town under President Lincoln's call for 300,000
nine months' men. My education was principally in the district schools of my native
town and my occupation a carriage painter. My early lite was in a back town some
ten miles from a railroad and among the thrifty and sturdy farmers that were loyal

440 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers.

and true to home and country and were aroused to a fighting condition when our
flag was fired upon at Fort Sumter, April 12, 1861. There was quite a squad of as fine
young fellows as ever carried a gun enlisted when I did and all joined Captain
Lonergan's Company A, which 1 never had cause to regret. I was among the
fir.st to volunuteer at this time, and I recall the date as August 16, 1862. We from
Westford were disappointed because our candidate was not elected as second lieuten-
ant on the organization of Company A, but so far as I ever Icnew, all generously acepted
the will of the majority and toolt our positions in the ranks and did the best we could.
Captain Lonergan was a good fellow and a brave man, but some of us Westford
boys thought him strong headed when he assumed to command the regiment in the
presence of Major Boynton and also refusing to attend Divine Services with his
company.

Evidently he was a little jealous because he thought Company A had not been
duly recognized for promotion. My service was rather uneventful for I was sick a
considerable of the time. The life of a soldier was too strenuous and I necessarily
became better acquainted with Surgeon Nichols and Crandall and suffering by disease
in hospitals than marching and fighting. I returned and was mustered out with
the Regiment July 21, 1863. Since my return from the army I have been engaged
in general painting business, 10 years in Iowa State Library at Des Moines as assistant,
lived in Des Moines some 30 years but now re-settled in Chicago, 111. I went west
first to Chicago soon after my discharge and after being in Iowa some thirty-two
years returned to Chicago, and here I expect to spend the remainder of my days.

Of course it would afford me great pleasure to visit the scenes of my childhood
and take my old comrades of Company A by the hand and talk over the old days when
we were soldiers. Many of these of Company A that I loved and honored have
passed to their reward. A few only, now old and feeble, remain to tell the story of the
noble part taken by the 13th Regiment on that great battlefield of renown and glory,
Gettysburg. I say to my surviving comrades, who I hope will read this article, "God
grant you may live long and die respected." I wish I might see you one and all and have
the pleasure of attending one of our reunions before I am called to join the silent
majority. "Dame Fortune" has been quite good to me and though now 74 shall once
more I hope, see the green hills and fertile valleys of dear old Vermont and see my
dear comrades of the old 13th Regiment at its next annual reunion. I think I would
then be willing to be finally mustered out and go to my reward to mingle forever
with comrades and friends on the eternal camping grounds of Heaven. I am proud
of Vermont because of her men and women, her influence in the affairs of the nation
and of the heroic boys of 1861-5 that valiantly followed the stars and stripes through
the perilous battles of the Civil War and patriotically done their full share of fighting
to save the nation from destruction. I extend to all my comrades of the bully 13th a
cordial invitation to call and see me; the latch string is out and the door swings in
at 709 E. 61st St., Place, Chicago, 111.

PAYETTE W. BURTCH.

DAVID T. HARD

I enlisted at Burlington, Vermont, I think in the month of July, 1862, secured
a furlough, went home, settled up my business and at the end of two weeks the
company was recruited to its full number. I then returned to Burlington and a
part of our company was boarded at the Howard House kept by Dan Barber. In a
few days we were ordered to Brattleboro to be mustered into the service. We were
there in camp about two weeks. We were then sent to Washington, D. C, and camped
on Capitol Hill. They made a teamster of me and in about two days the quarter-
master went with us to get our teams. Well, we arrived safely to where the horses
and wagons were. I got my rig consisting of four horses, wild as hawks, never had a
harness on. Well after about two hours of hard work with four or five men we
succeeded in getting the animals hitched to the wagons. I mounted tha seat which
consisted of a rough board without springs or cushion. I was ordered to take a load
of bread to camp and after considerable manipulating I got started with my rig
and bread, pretty soon my steeds wanted to go faster and I had to let them go. kept
them headed towards camp. The patrolmen were after me with drawn sabers, ordering
me to drive slower, but I stuck to the wagon and let them go. Well I got into camp
my bread scattered all along the road for three miles. I turned the team over to
the quartermaster and resigned my position. At the request of the surgeon. Doctor
Nichols, I was detailed to drive ambulance. They managed to keep me going from
camp to the city every day. I generally had the company of the assistant surgeon,
the chaplain and the colonel, we had pretty good times. When I found anything
loose in the streets that I thought my tentmates would like I would pick it up and
take it in.

I presi;nie the boys remember Charley Barr, of Company K, well Charley was with
me one day in Washington on our return to camp. I think the chaplain and others were

Biographical and Historical of Company A.

441

along. On the outskirts of Alexander there was a grocery store kept by an old gray
back. Near his store I stopped to water my horses, well Charley got out and went into
the store. We could see him talking with the proprietor and some of the others
went over to see what he was doing. As they went in they began to talk with the
old man and Charley skipped out but not without bringing a cook stove with him. 1
protested about doing things that way but it did no good; he put the stove in the
ambulance and we took it to camp.

July 3rd, 1863, I was wounded at the Battle of Gettysburg and that ended my
service.

If you can make anything out of this you will do well.

Yours in P. C. and L.,

DAVID T. HARD.

David T. Hard still resides in Alameda, Cal. He was appointed by Department
Commander Frank Kempfield an aide de camp on his staff and rendered excellent
service at the national encampment in San Francisco. He is a notary public and
is familiarly known as Judge Hard. He is a brother of the late Hon. E. R. Hard,
of Burlington, one of the best known lawyers in Vermont. At the time of the earth-
quake in San Francisco comrade Hard helped materially in looking after and caring
for the sufferers and describes the scenes as most dreadful.

H. W. A.

JOHN HANLIN

I was born in the old city of Limerick, Ireland, December 25, 1846, on the sunny banks
of the still running waters of the dear old Shannon. I left my Shamrock home when a
small boy with my parents and sailed over the sea to America and settled down in Bur-
lington, Vermont, and here I attended school and lived until President Lincoln made a
call for 300,000 nine months' men to enlist and put down the war. I watned to go into
the aimy so volunteered on the 2nd day of September, 1862, and Joined Captain Loner-
gan's Company A, 13th Regiment, Vermont Volunteers. This company was then called
the Emmet Guards. I was only 16, but quite large, rugged and strong, and was bubling
over for a chance to fire a gun and help put down the wicked rebellion. Though born in
Ireland I knew no land or home except the United States of America and though a
mere toy was anxious to go to the war and fight for my adopted country. I read the
papers and could see the rebels were whipping us in every fight, and unless we all pitched
in to help, those fellows that wanted to buy and sell niggers would soon conquer and
make a government to suit themselves and come North and tell us what we must do.
I thought this a good country and was ready and willing to do what I could to save it.

I had a pretty good time and never saw a day that I was sorry that I joined
the army. Company A men were mostly Irish and of course now and then had
little disagreement among ourselves and sometimes a saucy boy got a hit on the
head with a shillalah which usually ended the scrap. But these little differences
were scon forgotten and forgiven and all were jovial and ready and willing for duty
on the picket line, the march, and at all times anxious for a fight with the enemy. I
do not believe there was one coward in Company A. Soldier life agreed with me and
I grew strong and waxed warm for a chance to be in a big fight. The one we
had at Fairfax Court House when General Stuart thought he was going to gobble us
up in the night only just whetted my appetite for a genuine battle and I did not have
to wait long before a big one was on at Gettysburg.

I was in the fight from early morning to late evening each day and on the last
day when we made the charge against General Pickett was quite seriously wounded,
a rifle ball passed through my jaw. I did not pay much attention to it at the
time, but blood filled my mouth and run out pretty fast. Could not eat or talk very well
for several days. I could fight and march just as well as before and stuck by to the end
and was mustered out with my company July 21, 1863. I soon recovered from my
wound and worked for a while with my father at the trade of coopering. The war
continued and I enlisted again July 20, 1865 with the first U. S. Artillery and served
22 months in Battery A. After I returned worked at my trade, coopering. I married
May A. Slattery, of Montpelier, February 3rd, 186S. I now reside in Bristol, Vt.,
am a member of Walter C. Dunton Post No. 110, G. A. R.

Now comrade Sturtevant I have complied with your request as well as I can.
If it does not suit throw it in the waste basket and it will be all right.

JOHN HANLIN.

442 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers.

WILLIAM R. WOODRUFF

was born in Keeseville, County of Clinton, State of New York, in the year 1840,
residing there until the year 1858, when with his parents moved to the town of West-
tord, County of Chittenden, State of Vermont. In July, 1862, he enlisted in the 13th
Vt. Vols., Company A, Capt. John Lonergan. After stopping in Burlington for about
six weeks, he was mustered in at Brattleboro, receiving his necessary equipment, among
which was a pole about 10 feet in length to carry when on guard instead of a gun with
strict orders to shoot the first person who attempted to cross the line. His first ex-
perience while acting in this capacity in strict compliance with orders, was when he
managed by lowering sights a little, to knock the underpinning from under one Culligan
as he was crossing his beat. In the second day's fight he was slightly wounded in the
fingers of his right hand which made him wholly unable to cap or load his gun. He
came home with the regiment and was mustered out the 21st day of July, 1863. He
re-enlisted in the Oneida Cavalry and was detailed in the Quartermaster's department
until the close of the war when he was discharged June 29th, 1865. By reason
of sickness he was moved to Augar General Hosptal near Alexandria the day on which
he was ordered to turn in his horse, from which he was discharged when able to return
home.

PETER SHIATTE

was only 19 years of age when he volunteered into Captain Lonergan's Company
A, 13th Regiment Vermont Volunteers. Was born on the 8th day of May, 1843. His
education was limited to the common schools of Vermont, and adverse circumstances
prevented continuous attendance even on the district schools. He was a solid healthy
young man and to all appearance at time of enlistment well calculated for a soldier.
He was on hand to do his full duty at all times night or day — never shrank from duty
or complained of hardship. He was company cook for a while but was not a success
at that so some of the boys claimed. His comrades thought he should prepare cake,
pies and pudding occasionally and found fault because he could not make pies, cakes and
puddings out of beans, rice, hard tack and salt pork. It was not a soft job to cook
for 100 hungry boys and satisfy all. Comrade Shiatte was better on the picket line,
march, and in the battle than running the company cook tent. He graduated quite
early as cook and took up the more suitable duties of a soldier. He never allowed
anyone to cross the picket line night or day, friend or foe until they had advanced and
given the countersign in a proper manner. Every officer though stars, bars and eagles
glistened on breast and shoulder must submit to the same rule when desirous of cross-
ing the picket line he walked and guarded. He obeyed instructions to the letter. He
made an exemplary soldier and returned home with his share of honors won on the
battlefield of Gettysburg. He was mustered out with the regiment July 21st, 1863. On
return to civil life learned the trade of tinsmith and metal worker, settled down to
business, becoming an Industrous hardworking, successful mechanic. He married and
six children blessed the union, Josephin Ida, Felix Frederick. Frank, George. Eddy
and Theodore, all living and prosperous and happy. He says that he shall want one
book for each child. Comrade Shiatte has moved about some to better his situation
and satisfy his desire and curiosity and to see and know something about this land
that he faced cannon to save. The company clerk H. W. Allen says, "He was a pretty
good man and soldier, but mighty poor cook!" His present post office address, 127
.Main St., Fall River, Mass.

EDWARD A. FISK,

Waitsfield, Vt.,
Historian of Co. B, 13th Vt. Vols.

Biographical and Historical

OF

CO. B

Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

CIVIL WAR 1861-1865

Dedicated in sacred remembrance of First Lieut. Nathaniel Jones, Jr.,
who'died at Washington, D. C, Oct. 30th, 1862. The first Hfe
[ of the regiment offered up on the alter of country
for the preservation of the Union.

Biograplncal and Historical of Company B. 447

HISTORY OP COMPANY B.

COMPANY B or the Mad River Valley Company as it was often called was recruited
from the towns of Warren, Waitsfield, Payston, Moretown, Duxbury and Middlesex.
Captain 0. C. Wilder of Waitsfield had a large share in the work of raising the com-
pany especially in Waitsfield, although he was ably assisted in his own town by
comrade Z. H. McAllister and by others in the adjoining towns. Enlistments began
about the 15th day of August, 1862, and later the recruits were ordered to meet at
Waitsfield on the 25th day of August to organize a company when it appeared that
about 115 had already enlisted. Of course some of these did not pass inspection, but
we still had a few more than the maximum number after the second inspection at Brat-
tleboro, and the surplus was mostly transferred to Company H. The Company made
unanimous choice of Orcas C. Wilder as captain and also chose Nathaniel Jones, Jr,,
as first Leut. and Clesson R. McElroy as second lieutenant. The news of the organization
of this company was carried by relays of horses to Northfield, the nearest telegraph
station, and thence by telegraph to Adjt. Gen. P. T. Washburne, and the reply came
that this company was the first in the state to report its organization under the call of
the President for 300,000 nine months men. The company at once began to drill under
the charge of Captain Wilder, but on the 3rd day of September, there came to us as
drill master, Mr, Shattuck, a graduate of Norwich University. The company was ex-
ceedingly fortunate in having for an instructor a man so well versed in the tactics, and
also one who speedily gained the good will of the boys and so it came to pass that the
change from raw recruits to well drilled soldiers was very rapid. The company drilled
at Waitsfield till the 8th of September when it was ordered to Moretown where the drill
was continued till we left tor Brattleboro on the last day of September. We had sup-
posed that as the first company to organize we should rank as Company A, but we found
that the Burlington Company was an old organization and hence we became Company
B. This gave the company its place on the extreme left of the regiment, a place that
had some advantages, but we soon learned that upon a march over difficult roads
especially in the night it was a very fatiguing position to occupy.

The company was quartered at Brattlebo)-o in a long barrack just finished, and the
first night passed there was not a comfortable one for beginners at soldiering. The
night was chilly and there was no straw in the bunks, but soon things were put in
better shape. Prom this time the history of the company is merged in the history of
the regiment and there is little that need be told about it separately. On October 29th,
our first Lieutenant Nathaniel Jones, Jr., died at Washington. This was the first
death in the companj', and I think in the regiment. Soon after this Lieutenant C. R.
McElroy was promoted to first Lieutenant and Sergeant Edwin P. Palmer was com-
missioned second Lieutenant.

During the months of December, 1862 and January, 1863, while the regiment was
encamped near Pairfax Court House there was a good deal of sickness in the companj^
Almost all were afflicted with severe colds and there were several cases of fever, three
of which terminated fatally. Oscar C. Reed died December 24th. Carlos W. Turner,
our boy fifer January 4th, and John C. Canerday, January 20th. On December 12th,
Levi Nelson went to general hospital and on January 6th, M. Franklin Atkins, Jerome
Pisk, Horace Trask, Myron M. Davis, James M, Thayer and Wm. M. Turner went to
general hospital. None of these returned to the company and all were discharged
within a few weeks. Doubtless this sickness was largely attributable to exposure to
that terrible storm at the time the regiment came back from Union Mills and also to
the fact that we were without tents for some days after we came to Fairfax CourtJ
House.

Some time in February, while the regiment was at Wolf Run Shoals, an epidemic
of measles broke out in the regiment and for some reason Company B seemed to suffer
much more from it than any other company. There were over 40 cases in the company,
and as many as 25 were off duty at one time. This made the details for guard and
picket duty come around rather often for those who were well, but I think they bore
it cheerfully, and were happy in the thought that their time to have the measles came
years before. Although there was no death from the immediate effects of this disease
there were several cases of serious relapse and other diseases set in, some of which had
a fatal ending. Charles D. Billings and Cyron G. Thayer died the same day, May 19th.,
and Loren B. Reed, May 30th. Several cases of severe sickness following measles
will be noted in individual records. During the spring several more were sent to
general hospital, and Stedman D. Moulton was discharged for disability.

Also when we began that long march all not able to do duty were sent to hospital
and this included from Company B, Harvey M. Wait, Eaton A. Heath, Wm. McDonnell

448 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers.

and Levi W. Seaver. When we reached Gettysburg the company numbered 71 muskets
and 3 commissioned officers. The casualties on that bloody field were James H. Wilson,
killed. Corporal John Dolph, color guard severely wounded in foot; Corporal Lester K.
Dow, wounded in foot by spent shell; Corporal Otis G. Miles, sllhgtly wounded; Corporal
D. S. Stoddard, slightly wounded; Private Albert H. Chase, severely wounded in head;
Private Dexter Parker, severely wounded In hand; Private Edward A. Plsk, wounded
in knee by shell; Private Samuel J. Dana, slightly wounded. While only one member
of this company was killed at Gettysburg, at least 3 died very soon after the company
was mustered out as a direct result of hardship encountered in that last march and
the battle. These were Sergeant Aretas Thayer, Albert D. Barnard and John Baird,
and it is thought that the wound received by Albert H. Chase was the ultimate cause
of his death many years after.

In General Stannard's report made soon after the battle he speaks of the charge
of the right wing of the 13th Regiment under Colonel Randall, on the second day of
the fight, and that portion of the regiment under charge of Lieutenant Colonel Munson
that day he calls the left wing, but the members of Company B Unow very well that
they were In the charge under Colonel Randall, although the company was on the
extreme left of the regiment. The division of the regiment between the two commands
was made In this manner, viz: The regiment lay in divisions of two companies each,
and when Colonel Munson was ordered to support a battery with a part of the regiment,
he was given the second, fourth and half of the fifth division, and this left the first,
third and half of the fifth division under Colonel Randall, and Company B was that
half division and thus had the honor to be in that famous charge.

Probably no company from Vermont ever started for the front with greater pride
in its organization than was possessed by the members of Company B. To begin with,
the average age of the "boys" was greater than that of the companies that had been
previously recruited in this vicinity. While there was a good number that had not
reached their majority, and some who were very young, there were many who were
older. These had been Intensely interested in the progress of the war for the Union,
and had felt strong desires to have a part in the great work, but it had hardly seemed
possible for them to leave families, business and all ties that bound them at home, to
be gone for a term of years, and they hoped that it would not be necessary for them
to make such a sacrifice, but when the call came for 300,000 nine months' men they
felt that it was a personal call, and immediately began to make arrangements accord-
ingly.

At a reunion of the old company some years ago a comrade spoke substantially
as follows: "We verily thought that our company was the best one that ever went
out from these parts. We thought that there was material enough in it to furnish good
officers for at least half a dozen companies, but reflected that it was better to be high
private in such a company than sergeant in most companies. Also we thought that
when the army was recruited by the addition of our companj' there ought to be no
trouble for it to put down the Rebellion. After meeting the rest of the regiment at
Brattleboro we found, however, that there were at least nine other companies who
held the same opinion of themselves, but even then we could not quite give up the
idea that the other companies of the regiment would at length be compelled to acknow-
ledge our superiority and so it proved in one respect, at least. One evening while we
were at Wolf Run Shoals as I was lying half sick in my tent, which was at the end of
the company street, I heard some boys from another company passing b5', and as they
came against our company I heard one of them exclaim — 'This Is the biggest company
for deviltry there Is in the regiment.' I knew It would come somehow but was njt
just sure how it would be."

As a matter of fact, when we reached the front and sometimes saw whole days
occupied by the passage of cavalry, artillery or baggage wagons by a given point and
learned that what we saw was, after all, only a very small part of even the army of
the Potomac — we began to have some faint conception of the immensity of the army
and also to see what an infinitesimal part of the mighty work there was to do, could
be performed by one of the compKuies, however good it might be. But after the battle of
Gettysburg, and our return home, some of our old time spirit began to come back to
us, only it was expanded so as to Include the whole regiment, and we joined with the
other companies in saying: "Was not Gettysburg the turning battle of the War."
And "Was not our regiment on hand in the right place at the right time to save the
day twice in the course of that battle?" What would have been the result if we had
not been on hand at those critical moments, we cannot say. Help might have come
from some other source, but this we know. It was given to us through the providence
of God to perform a very Important part in that great battle, and that we were there
and did our duty.

EDWARD A. FISK.

Biographical and Historical of Company B. 449

ORCAS C. WILDER

son of Levi and Bernice Bates Wilder, was born at Waitsfield, Vt., May 9th, 1828.
His father and grandfather were among the early settlers of the town of
Waitsfield and of the old Puritan stock of Massachusetts. They originally
came from England where it has been possible to trace the genealogy to
Nicholas Wilder a military chieftain in the army of the Earl of Richmond at the battle
of Bosworth in 1485. He was reared on the old Wilder farm, received a common school
education with one term at Randolph Centre Academy, and at the age of 20 learned the
carpenter's trade, which he followed for several years up to the time that he bought
the farm on which he has since lived. February 11th, 1855, he was married to Mary
Elizabeth Holden, youngest daughter of Elijah and Orpha Holden of Waitsfield, Vt.,
and to them seven children were born as follows: Alice M., born August 1st, 1356,
married Orville H. Richardson of Waitsfield, now residing in Montpelier, Vt. Frederic
F., born September 18th, 1858, married, living in Waitsfield, Vt. Levi O., born March
12th, 1865, married, living in Middlesex, Vt. Enos E., born April 28th, 1867, died Septem-
ber 22nd, 1896. Ellen F., born September 14th, 1869, married Rev. F. M. Buker of
Lewiston, Me., now residing in North Sterling, Conn. Josephine C born August 11th,
1873, married Frank H. Brown of Waitsfield, Vt., now residing in Burlington, Vt. Roy
J., born August 30th, 1875, married, living in Springfield, Mass.

Above I have given you a little of my personal history and now will add something
of my army life. In 1862 when the call came from President Lincoln for 300,000 nine
months' men, I felt that duty called me, and leaving my wife and two small children
with the care of our large farm, I enlisted August 17th, 1862. A few days were spent
in getting men to enlist and August 25th, 1862 a company was organized, known as
Company B of the 13th Vermont, of which I was chosen Captain. We drilled for
several weeks and September 30th. were ordered to Brattleboro where October 10th,
we were mustered into the service and on October 11th left for Washington, D. C, and
from that time on we were Uncle Sam's soldiers. During the first days of our encamp-
ment First Lieutenant Nathaniel Jones Jr. was taken sick and died October 30th. His
death was the first break in our i-anks and it cast a gloom over the whole company, for
Jones was a brave man and excellent soldier, whose place could not easily be filled.
One little incident which occurred while we were encamped on Capitol Hill, emphasized
the sturdy New England bravery of our boys. It was the next morning after a severe
wind and rain storm had struck us in the night, blowing down more than half of our
tents, that the surgeon, making his morning rounds, remarked as he found the boys
shivering from the cold, that he pitied them, whereupon one of the soldiers replied that
he didn't, if anyone was dam fool enough to come down there he didn't deserve any
pity. We all well remember our rapid moves from Capitol Hill to Camp Seward, from
Camp Seward to Hunting Creek, from Hunting Creek to Camp Vermont where we
made a longer stay, then the midnight march to Fairfax Station and Union Mills, the
return to Camp Vermont in a blinding snow storm during which many of the boys
took severe colds from which they never recovered, then back to Fairfax Court House.
And it was during our stay there that we were detailed to a three days' picket duty at
Centerville where we suffered intensely from the severe cold weather and after return-
ing one of our party, Oscar Reed, was taken to the hospital where he died within a few
days. It was here also that Stuart's Raid occurred, and I well remember that one
of my boys, Alonzo Bruce, who had been ill in the hospital at Fairfax Court House
and ran away from there to join his company, stood in the front ranks as I passed
up the line in review. Knowing that he was not able to endure what we might have
to encounter, I told him that he would have to fall out which he did only to fall in
again in the rear ranks. As I returned I saw him and again told him he must not go,
reluctantly he stepped out saying to me as he did so, "Captain I want you to remember
one thing and that is when there's anything up I want my shake in."

On January 20th, 1863 we moved to Wolf Run Shoals and on that date occurred the
death of another brave comrade, John Canerday. While here about twenty-five of my
Company were taken sick with the measles and the rest of us were excused from all
duties for a period of two weeks or more to care for the sick. Several of the boys never
entirely recovered from the effects of this illness. Our next move was to Camp Widow
Violet near Occoquan ferry, where we had to draw all of our supplies from Fairfax
Station with teams and when the Rebs seized our horses together with several men,
three of whom belonged to my company, the Colonel was quite enraged, although the
men were allowed to return, so next day when my company reached the ferry on their
way across the river for a day of forage, that had been allowed us, I asked the Colonel
if he had any orders to give and he said "Yes, take every dam thing you can lay your
hands on." We returned with five work horses, which were used to fill the vacant
places on the teams, one grey mare and one three year old colt. The Colonel took
the mare and I the colt. Not very long after this, the government sent us teams with
orders to give up all horses that were not private property. The Colonel rode over to
my tent to ask me what I purposed to do with the grey colt, I told him I should keep

45° 'ihc Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers.

it and he said he should keep the grey mare, which he did until she was shot from
under him at the battle of Gettysburg, where I lost my colt.

Prom Camp Widow Violet we were ordered to Gettysburg where we remained until
after that memorable three day's fight which will ever live in our memories as a battle
nobly fought and bravely won. As we turned our faces homeward, marching over the
the mountain to Middletown, Maryland, I found myself too sick to keep up with the
Company and Dr. Nichols induced me to ride in the ambulance which I thought was
not much easier than walking until I got out at the foot of the mountain, and in com-
pany with Captain Lonergan, tried it again. But we soon came to a small house and
entering found it to contain two rooms, one below and one above, with a bed in the
lower room, of which we took possession without permission. We were too tired to
remove our boots and it would have been a query which was the cleaner the bed or
the boots. Here we spent the night but not alone for soon the house was filled from
top to bottom with other soldiers, and about 11 o'clock some one asked if Captain
Wilder was there. I answered and was told that I had a very sick man outside. I
went out and found Lieutenant Albert Clarke of Company G. He was a very sick man
indeed and I took him in and onto the bed and then called to know if there was a
surgeon In the house. One from a Michigan regiment responded and with the aid oi
Captain Lonergan, we were able to ease his sufferings. During the years which have
passed since that night, many are the things that Colonel Clarke has reminded me of this
incident. We were mustered out July 1st, 1863 and returned to our homes where a few
who were ill at the time, soon died. They being Sergeant Thayer, John Baird and Albert
Barnard. Albert was a brave soldier and at the battle of Gettysburg, when the order
came to cease firing and the Johnnies were running back, he turned to me and said
"Mayn't I fire?" he did so and remarked that there was one who would never get back
Of the boys who went out with us, I have already spoken of the death of six brave
comrades and to that number must add the names of Carlos Turner, Benjamin Reed,
William Hathaway, Cyron Thayer and Charles Billings, all of whom died during the
service. As I look back over the years of my life I can find no period that ever gave
me more happiness, or work that I felt better satisfied with, than the time spent and
work done while in the army.

ORCAS C. WILDER.

A TRIBUTE BY E. A. FISK.

Captain Wilder's grandfather and father came to Waitsfield only two or thxee j^ears
after its first settlement by General Benjamin Wait, and the farm upon which they
were the first settlers is the same owned of late by Captain O. C. Wilder and now by
his son. Levi Wilder, the father of Orcas C, was a captain of militia in the old "June
training" days. Although Captain Orcas learned the carpenter's trade and worked at
it to some extent for a few years in early manhood he has always been a farmer and
he soon gave his entire attention to that calling and became one of the most successful
farmers in town. He rebuilt and enlarged his barns, as occasion required, making
them commodious and convenient, and his stock, tools, and farm machinery were of
the best type.

Prom the beginning of the war Captain Wilder was intensely interested in the
success of the Union Armies and the restoration of our national integrity and ardently
desired to take an active part in the great work, but at first this seemed to be itm-
possible. When President Lincoln issued his call for 300,000 nine months' men, however,
he saw in it a call for personal service and found a way to accomplish the seemingly
impossible. He assisted in recruiting a company from Mad River Valley which was
organized August 2.5th, 1S62, and of which he was the unanimous choice for captain.
Of his service in the army we need only say that so tar as we know he performed
every duty that fell to his lot faithfully and well. He was always ready when the call
to duty came and quick to see and prompt to act where ought was left to his discretion.
To some one who wrote to him inquiring what he thought of Captain Wilder, our
orderly Sergeant wrote in May, 1863: "My position has been such that I have had as
good an opportunity and perhaps the best opportunity of anyone in the company to
learn what the captain is. * * And you may tell anyone that inquires that 7 fftifffrthat
Capain Wilder has done as well as a captain could and that it our company was coming
back again there is no one but him that could have my vote for captain."

At the battle of Gettysburg he showed himself to be, not only a good soldier, brave
and true, but a cool and capable officer who managed his own company well and was
able to understand much of the general movements of the troops about him, and thus
render intelligent service when his company and regiment were called into action.

Since the war he has shown a very great interest in all that pertains to its history
or to the welfare of his old soldier comrades. He was a charter member of Ainsworth
Post G. A. R., and was chosen its commander at an early date. If he did not attend
a meeting of the Post we knew that there was some good reason for his absence and

Biographical and Historical of Company B. j,^i

his interest in Memorial day and its exercises was unfailing, so that we are led to cry
out: "Who will take the place and show the interest in the soldier living and dead,
that was manifested by Captain Wilder and his good wife?"

When our Regimental Reunion Association was organized he was one of the prime
movers to give it a start and few members of the regiment have been more constant
in attendance at its meetings or have shown a greater interest in every way. Although
not greatly given to speech-making he could express his ideas clearly and forcibly
when occasion required, and we believe that theie are few members of the association
whose absence would be generally felt. And to sum all up. whether in his home,
in community, in G. A. R. Circles, wherever he was known he will be missed for a long
time, in fact till those best acquainted with him have passed away.

The Captain's wife died suddenly just before they reached the 50th anniversary of
their marriage but he was not left long to mourn her loss and the end came suddenly
to him also. He was instantly killed by a fall in his barn. Doubtless Captain Wilder
had his faults, and who of us has not, but we would rather dwell upon his many excel-
lencies. As we think upon his life two traits of character appear to stand out very
prominently. These are his promptness and energy. Not only in army life but in all
his business affairs he was always prompt. On his large farm it was his aim to per-
form every duty at the right time and very few farmers came nearer living up to that
rule. All his farm operations were in season, whether you speak of one days work or
the whole year and to this trait may be attributed no small share of his success in
farming. Again, whatever he undertook, whether carpentry, or soldiering or farming
he went at it with a will. Even his recreation were no exception to this rule. Years
ago I heard him express very nearlj' the same idea that President Roosevelt did to a
class of boys when he said: "When you play, play hard, but when you work, don't play
at all." His motto might well have been "Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do, do it
with thy might."

EDWARD A. FISK.

FIRST LIEUT. NATHANIEL JONES, JR.

was born in Northfleld, and enlisted from Moretown. He was 38 years old and married.
He was five feet 10% inches in height, black hair, black eyes and dark complexion.
At the organization of the company he was chosen first lieutenant by nearly a unani-
mous vote. He had a fine military bearing and learned rapidly the duties pertaining
to a soldier's life, and everything promised a future career of usefulness and distinction,
but he was the first one in the company, and I think, the first one in the regiment, to
succumb to disease. He died at Washington, October 30, 1862, after an illness of only
a few days.

LIEUT. CLESSON R. McELROY

was born in Middlesex February 7th, 1828. He was the eldest son of Harry and Mary
(Chamberlain) McElroy. Most of his life was passed in the town of Middlesex. Upon
the call of President Lincoln for nine months' men, he enlisted and helped to organize
Company B, 13th Vt., and by the vote of the company he was chosen second lieu-
tenant. On October 30, 1862, the first lieutenant of the company died and he was
promoted to first lieutenant, which office he held till the close of our term of service.
He passed through the battle of Gettysburg without injury. Lieut. McElroy was a
general favorite with the boys. They confided all sorts of troubles to "Clet" and he
was ever ready with sympathy and help so far as possible. He was industrious and
frugal and in later years held a good amount of property in real estate in Middle-
sex, Moretown. Duxbury and Fayston, but he ever showed in civil life the same traits
of character that he exhibited in the army. He was especially generous to the poor
or unfortunate and always held the full confidence of his townsmen. He died at the
home of Wm. Russell in Moretown March 12, 1898. He had two brothers W. B. and
H. L., and one sister, Arola, at whose house his funeral service was held, and his body
now reposes in the cemetery of his native town.

Comrade James K. Hartwell, while speaking of various officers, wrote thus: "I
cannot omit to mention one who by his devotion to the best interests and comfort
of those under his command won the esteem, respect and confidence of every member
of Company B, Lieut. C. R. McElroy."

EDWIN F. PALMER

was second lieutenant of Company B, 13th Vt. Regt. He was a son of Aaron and
Sarah (Thayer) Palmer, and was born in Waitsfield, Vt., Jan. 22, 1836. He fitted at
Northfleld, Vt. and entered Dartmouth College in 1858, continued through the course
of four years and graduated in 1862. In a short time after graduating, he enlisted
and was appointed a sergeant in Company B. A few days after the regiment arrived

452 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers.

in Washington Lieut. Jones of Company B died with the fever, and Sergeant Palmer
was appointed second lieutenant by Gov. Holbrook. His commission was dated No-
vember 4th, 1862. Lieut. Palmer was rarely ever excused, and performed the usual
duties of officers of his rank. He went through the Gettysburg campaign, and soon
after, having served his term of enlistment, was mustered out with his regiment. He
taught school during the next winter. In the spring of 1864 he commenced the study
of law with Gov. Paul Dillingham. After admission to the bar he settled in Water-
bury, where he has since resided, and for the greater part of the time in the active
practice of his profession. He represented the town of Waterbury in the state Legis-
lature in 1880, 1888, and 1896. In 1880 he was appointed by the judges of the Supreme
Court, reporter of its decisions. He reported and published eight volumes of the
Vermont Law Reports, commencing with the 53d Vt. Report. In 1888 he was elected
by the Legislature State Superintendent of Education and was re-elected in 1890,
serving four years in that capacity.

Mr. Palmer is the author of several important statute laws. In 1888 he introduced
three bills, one to "suppress bucket-shops, gambling in stocks, bonds, grain, etc,"
another to "prevent the sale of fermented cider," and a third that affords "a better
protection to the homestead." These became laws. In 1890 and 1892 he collected
many statistics, and published them in his reports to the Legislature, which showed
the gross inequality of taxation for the support of the common schools. In 1890
he wrote a bill and caused it to be introduced, which appropriated about $100,000
from the state treasury, to be divided equally among the legal schools. This was
passed and became a law. In 1892 he wrote another bill and caused it to be intro-
duced which abolished the old district system, and adopted the town system of schools.
This also became a law. In both his reports to the Legislature he strongly urged
that these measures were absolutely necessary for any real improvement of our
schools. In 1896 he introduced a bill which became a law, that put the school-houses
as to "lighting, heating, ventilation and other sanitary arrangements," in the control
of the State Board of Health. Lieut. Palmer was married June 15th, 1865 to Miss
Addie D. Hartshorn, daughter of Hon. Wlliam H. Hartshorn, Guildhall, Vt. Their
children are: Edwin F. Palmer, Jr., born February 24, 1868; Annie D. Palmer, born
March 23, 1870; Alice D. Palmer, born May 23, 1872; Mabel Palmer, born August 15,
1874; John H. Palmer, born June 9, 1877; Charles C. Palmer, born April 8, 1879;
Robert W. Palmer, born July 9, 1884.

HENRY ALBEE DEWEY.

Sargeant Dewey's ancestors were of the old Puritan stock and came to New
England at a vei-y early date, he being the seventh in direct line of descent froirt
Thomas Dewey, who immigrated from Sandwich, Kent, England in the ship Lion's
Whelp, landing at Boston in May, 1633. He settled in Dorchester, Mass., and after-
wards at Windsor, Conn. Henry Dewey, father of Albee, was born at Hanover, N. H.
He married Amelia Button, of Berlin, Vt., and died at Waitsfield, Vt., in 1875, aged
96 years. Simeon, brother of Henry, was grandfather of Admral Dewey. Henry
Albee Dewey, was born at Montpelier, Vt., April 28, 1832. He married
Lucy I. Whitney at West Abington, Penn., October 2, 1855. They had one
son born at Westchester, Jay County, Ind., September 8, 1858. The most of Serg't
Dewey's boyhood was passed at Waitsfield, where he attended the common schools of
the town. For several years prior to the war he had been employed in an agency
which took him away from his early home. He traveled extensively in Pennsylvania,
Indiana and Missouri and his opinion regarding the condition of the society in the
latter state is forcibly expressed in a letter to an old friend in 1858. At about the
beginning of the war Mr. Dewey returned to Vermont and in August, 1862, enlisted and
helped to organize Company B. He was appointed first sergeant of tliat company, which
position he held throughout our term of service. According to his descriptive list, he
was five feet, 11 inches high, dark complexion, black hair. At first, for some reason,
he was not extremely popular with the boys, but we believe that he ever performed
the duties of his difficult and responsible position as orderly sergeant of the company
faithfully and well and, after a few months his intrinsic worth became manifest
more and more and at the last there was not a non-commissioned officer in the com-
pany who stood higher in the estimation of his comrades. After the battle of Gettys-
burg he wrote his sister, "I am well and in good spirits, have passed through some
terrible scenes since I last wrote you, but I came out unharmed for which I trust
I am truly thankful to God, for t seems that it was only by a miraculous interposition
of Providence that any of us are here. How a regiment could be shelled for six
hours as we were and so few in,iured is to me incomprehensible. God protected us —
perhaps in answer to prayer. Throughout the whole time my almost constant prayer
was 'God protect us.' " After the regiment was mustered out Comrade Dewey went
to Pennsylvania where his family was at the time, and there re-enlisted in the Signal
Corps, Oct. 23, 1863. He was sent to Newburn, N. C, January 1st, 1864. Soon after
he was placed in command of a signal station at Port Gaston. He was attacked with

Biographical and Historical of Company B. 453

yellow fever September 26, 1864, and died September 29. Burled In soldier's cemetery,
Newburn. His last letter written only two weeks before his death, showed the same
patriotic spirit that he ever evinced. He says: "I do think that It looks more like
a termination of the war just now than ever before. It does seem to me that it Lincoln
Is re-elected the Reb's last hope will be dead, that 'last ditch' will be within 'hailing
distance' if they are not already in it. We solders here are all going to vote for
Abraham and mean to elect him."

A COMRADE.

GEORGE ORANGE BOYCE

Second Sergeant Company B, 13th "Vermont Volunteers. My fathers name was Artemas
Boyce and my mother Lucinda McCloud Boyce. I was born at Fayston, Washington
County, Vt., August 15th, 1834. My paternal grandfather, Nathan Boyce, came to
Fayston from Rochester, N. H., a pioneer among the early settlers. My maternal
grandfather, John McLoud participated in the Revolutionary War, and later in the
second war with England, 1812-14, losing a leg at the battle of Lundy's Lane, surviving
many years thereafter, dying in good old age 85. I married Laura Brigham, daughter
of Elisha and Sophronia Ryder Brigham, at Waitsfield, Vt., November 22nd, 1855. Six
children were born to us, Lenore, Ida L., (Mrs. M. B. Kantz, New York), Alice M., Ada
L., Lou L., and Clayton Brigham, of whom Mrs. Kantz, Lou L., (Mrs F. A. Haydan,
Montpelier, Vt), Clayton B., Montpelier, Vt., now survive. The last named served as
1st sergeant. Company H, 1st Vermont Regiment in the Spanish-American War.

I grew to manhood on a farm, had the usual experience of farm-life, my education
was in the district school. Soon after marriage I bought a farm on which I lived
and conducted successfully until the outbreak of the Civil War. The patriotic blood
of .my grandsire was stirred, and I could not long resist the call "to arms", and on the
25th day of August, 1862, I enlisted in Company B, 13th Regiment Vermont Volunteers,
Captain 0. C. Wilder commanding, and was mustered into service at Brattleboro,
October 10th, 1862. I shared the vicissitudes of camp-life with my comrades with no
exceptional experience until the, to me memorable day, May 14th, 1863. On that date
in company with Sergeant Silsby and Private Griffith, started to visit Alexandria,
utilizing the commissary teams, being sent to Fairfax Station for camp supplies, as
an easier mode of conveyance than the proverbial "Shanks horse", to which we were
only too well accustomed.

We left our arms in camp, even to our revolvers, and the teamsters were also
defenceless, it being supposed that the enemy had no forces In this section. We had
only proceeded a short distance from camp when a party of guerrillas swooped down
on us a defenceless trio of soldiers and our comrades, the teamsters, and making us
all prisoners, siezed the horses and mules which was the direct object of their raid.
They had use for the teams but none for their prisoners. Quickly unharnessing the
teams they gave the boys their choice between a horse and mule to ride. I chose a
mule thinking it might be more endurable to ride bare back than a horse, though I
pretented to my captors that I was afraid to ride a horse, and chose the mule because
if I should fall off, as I was sure would be the case, it would not be so far to fall. I
acted the country bumpkin as well as I could answering their questions as to the
number of men still left in the north, etc., in a way calculated to convince them and
inspire them with wonder at the hordes of yankees still waiting to pour down upon
the south. The Rebels gave us but little time to prepare for the journey being in a
hurry to get safely beyond the reach of the regiment before they were discovered, and
they rode as if it were indeed a matter of life and death. Through the tangled woods,
brambles and hedges, fording the rivers several times where the water was over the
backs of the horses and mules, they forced us unwilling captives at breakneck speed until
they reached Gainesville; here feeling secure of their booty, they paroled us prisoners
certain we could not get back to camp in time for the regiment to overta'Ke them and
wrest their plunder from them. Left alone, we boys began to realize the emptiness
of all things mundane, including their stomachs, and to long for some of Uncle Sams'
hard tack and coffee, having been without rations since our morning meal.

Wandering about in search of some place of entertainment we came to an old
plantation on the old Bull Run battlefield. The house was inhabited by women only,
all of the sterner sex being in the rebel army no doubt; the house showed plainly the
ravages of war, several having been killed here at the first battle of Bull Run, and
one woman was shot in the house, and many afterwards took refuge in the cellar.
This information was given us by the women who were themselves "Secesh" but were
not averse to changing eatables, and a night's lodging (on the floor) for Uncle Sam's
greenbacks. Though almost too lame to move we started in the morning to try and
find our way back to camp, which we reached at night weary and footsore, where we
met a cordial welcome from our comrades who had given us up for lost.

I, Boyce received an honorable discharge from service at Brattleboro, Vt., July 2lBt,

454 j' /'t' Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers.

home, though was able to get there, but was ill for some weeks after. I resumed
work as a farmer after my return and have always followed that occupation. I am a
member of the Washington County Veterans' Association. I have been honored by many
offices, constable, justice of the peace, overseer of the poor for many years, and rep-
resented the town of Payston four terms in the General Assembly of Vermont. I have also
been deputy sheriff, high baliff and county commissioner. In fact have had more than
my share of offices. In 1884 I removed to Montpelier where I reside. I am com-
paratively happy and as I grow old and realize in a measure what the boys who wore
the blue accomplished in saving this "happy land of ours", am exceedingly thankful
that I volunteered and joined the 13th Vermont Volunteers. Company B had the
best captain and best lot of boys in the whole regiment. They were good fighters
as well as good fellows. I hope my comrades and friends will excuse the personal
references. I am a farmer and not an author or scholar but have complied as best I
can with the request of our Historian.

GEORGE O. BOYCB.

SERGEANT RUSSELL D. SILSBY

was born in Middlesex and enlisted from Moretown. At the organization of the com-
pany he was appointed sergeant which office he held through his term of service.
He was a faithful soldier and every duty was performed in a conscientious manner.
I do not think that he was sick enough to be off duty to any extent at any time.
On the 14th of May, 1863, in company with Sergeant G. 0. Boyce and the teamsters
of our regiment he was captured by a band of guerillas who took them nearly to
Gainesville where they were paroled and permitted to return. Soon after the war
Mr. Silsby went West and we have little regarding his life since that time. He Is
reported to have lived in Omaha, Neb. He died a few years ago.

ARETUS THAYER

was born in Warren and enlisted from that town at the age of 22. He was six feet,
two and one-half inches in height, very nearly the tallest man in the company. He
had light complexion, dark eyes and light brown hair. At the organization of the
company he was appointed sergeant, and when Lieut. Jones died and the company
was given the chance to elect a second lieutenant, Sergeants Thayer and E. F. Palmer
were the principal candidates and Palmer was elected by only a bare majority. He
was always a general favorite with the boys. He was ever ready to sympathize with
them in their troubles, and help them if possible, and anyone in sickness was sure to
call forth his tenderest feelings, and he would use his strength to care for, or he
would go out of his way to obtain some little delicacy tor such a one. Like many
in the regiment the close of the Gettysburg campaign found him exhausted to such an
extent that he could not rally. He came home with several others a day or two In
advance of the company on account of illness. On the way from Brattleboro he made
light of his own ailments but was anxious for others. He said that if there was no
one to meet him at Roxbury he thought he could come over the mountain afoot but
those who were with him knew that he could scarcely walk even a few rods, but they
little thought that these were his last words to them. Doubtless he found those who
were ready to carry the sick soldier to his home with the tenderest care, but he could
not rally and passed away. He was a son of Obed Thayer.

MERRILL 0. LUCE

enlisted from Middlesex, and at the organization of the company he was appointed
first corporal and after the death of Lieut. Jones he was promoted to sergeant. He
was six feet, 1 Inch In height, light complexion, blue eyes and light hair. He was
born In Middlesex and was eighteen years old at time of enlistment. He served faith-
fully through his term of enlistment and was discharged with the regiment. Later
he re-enlisted in 3rd Battery, August 28. 1864. He died in Haverhill, N. H., some
years ago.

HON. JOHN DOLPH

editor of the Brighton News, published at Brighton, Iowa, was born In Essex county,
New York. His father was a Methodist preacher. At the age of seventeen Mr. Dolph
commenced teaching school, and the following twelve years he spent in school either as a
student or teacher. He graduated from the Plattsburg seminary In Plattsburg, N. Y.
For 27 years he was a travelling preacher In the Methodist church. In 1874 he was
transferred from the Northern New York to the Upper Iowa M. E. conference, by
Bishop Gilbert Haven. His first pastorate in Iowa was at Cresco, the county seat of
Howard county, and his last pastorate was at Eldora, the county seat of Hardin county.

Biographical and Historical of Couipan\ B.

455

He is still a member of the Upper Iowa M. B. Conference, although not in the active
ministry, having been for the last 15 years engaged in newspaper work. In a mem-
bership of nearly 40 years in a Methodist conference, in which every preacher's char-
acter undergoes an investigation every year there has never been "anything brought
against Mr. Dolph's moral, religious or ministerial character.

Mr. Dolph served as a Union soldier in the 13th regiment, Vermont Volunteers,
and was severely wounded at the battle of Gettysburg. Mr. Dolph has been a Republican
from the organization of the party, and has voted the straight Republican ticket at every
election except one. In that one instance he scratched one name on the ticket for
which he thought he had a good reason, and about half the Republicans in the county
did the same thing. He served two terms in the Vermont legislature, was elected .lustice
of the Peace in St. Lawrence county. New York, for five years, one to fill a vacancy
and for the full term of four years, (the term of Justice of the Peace in New York
is four years) and was twice elected Superintendent of schools. He served two terms
in the Iowa legislature, having -been a member of the House from Hardin county in the
23rd and 24th general assemblies.

In the spring of 1897, Mr. Dolph was appointed postmaster at Brighton, Iowa,
which position he still holds. He took possession of the office May 9, 1897, and in
May, 1901, was reappointed for another four years. He is also proprietor of the
Brighton News, a weekly paper published in Brighton, Iowa, and his son is editor.
Corporal John Dolph was detailed to act as a member of the color guard and thus
was in a very exposed position at the battle of Gettysburg, where he received a severe
wound which confined him for some months.

DORRIC SMITH STODDARD

was born in Waitsfleld, Vt., October 21, 1833. He was a farmer until 21 years old.
Afterwards farmer and carpenter. He taught a few terms of school in the states
of Vermont, Illinois and Kansas. First incident of recollection was when he was 21
years old. His uncle, Chester Smith, hearing the outcries of an older brother ran
to the rescue in time to save the subject of this sketch from drowning in Mad river,
thereby saving a soldier for Uncle Sam. He married Jan. 22, 1860, Diantha M. Dudley
and settled in Fayston. Hardly had the honey-moon passed when from south of
Mason's and Dixon's line came fearful mutterings and threatenings of secession should
Lincoln be elected president. Like thousands of others he halted between home ties
and his country's call until Aug. 25, 1862, when he enlisted and was dubbed Short
Corporal of Comijany B.

At this point an extract from a poem written for a different time and occasion,
may not be inappropriate as showing the conditions and circvimstances under which
men went to war, and women were left to fight at home.

War came at last, he donned the blue

To join the bloody fray.
With tearful eyes and aching heart.

She saw him march away.
Then turning back with heaving
breast.

Most wishing she might die.
Her eyes fell on the cradle where

Two little ones did lie.

And when there flashed along the
wires

That third of July day
The news the thirteenth regiment

Was in the bloody fray
At Gettysburg, her heart sank down.

In secret depths did moan —
"My children may be fatherless!

Who knows but I'm alone?"

She nerved her heart and prayed for
strength

That heavy load to bear.
That for the sake of him that's gone

She might those loved ones care.
How true it is that woman's lot —

Suspense, uncertain, dread —
Is harder than the lot of those

The battlefield who tread.

But soon there came a beam of light;

A letter told her well
Of husband and of father safe

Though many comrades fell.
And when again he reached his home

From scenes of war's alarms;
Could joy be more supreme than when

He clasped her in his arms?

Returning from the army brought a return of the work dropped at the time of
enlistment, the monotony of which was broken by two years of travelling in the interest
of Lieut. Col. A. C. Brown's Insurance Agency in 1874 and 1875; and one term o£
service, 1876, in state legislature as Fayston's representative. . The spring of 1881
saw the Fayston farm sold, the home camp broken up; but this time the father did
not gather up his gun and cartridges and march off alone, but gathered his carpenter
kit and household belongings and with the family started on the march together. A
halt of two years was made at Winooski, Vt, and the scene of operations F. A.

456 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers.

Doubleday's cabinet factory. Next a march to Danbury, Iowa, in 1883 and to Emporia,
Kansas in 1889, where they bivouacked till 1899, when they again broke camp and
once more pitched their tent in Vermont, and are at present (March, 1902) residing
in the picturesque town of Stowe. Future generations who read this sketch will say
the short corporal was a very uneasy personage and doubtless unreliable, nobody
knew where he was at, but the comrades who read it will remember the marches here
and there and back again — Camp Vermont to Union Mills for instance — and will only
say, "He remembers well his military training and is doing his best to practice it
through lite."

OKSON C. TURNER

was born in Duxbury and enlisted from that town. He was appointed corporal
at the organization of the Company. He was taken sick in November and
the 26th of that month he was sent to the general hospital where he re-
mained till the 8th day of March, 1863, when he returned to the Company. We had
almost given up the thought that we should have him with us again during our
term of service, but we were mistaken in this, for from the time of his return onward
he was tough and hearty. He stood that last hard march and the battle remarkably
well. I shall always remember him as I saw him at Gettysburg, especially during that
daring charge of our regiment on the second day of the battle.

Near the beginning of the charge his cap flew oft but there was no time to stop
for that and he rushed onward with a yell and much of the time he kept a little
in advance of the boys on either hand whom he seemed to think were altogether too
slow. He picked up a cap marked 19, Me., later which he wore the rest of the time.

CHARLES P. CARPENTER

was born July 8th, 1842, in St. Johnsbury, Vt; my wife, Elizabeth J. Carpenter of St.
Johnsbury, Vt; my son, Horace Carpenter, born May 30, 1874; his wife, Ethel Baker
Carpenter, Lynn, Mass. My father was Don P. Carpenter, born Dec. 8, 1808. My
mother, Hannah P. Hutchins Carpenter, born July 3, 1 808. My paternal grandfather,
Nathaniel Carpenter, grandmother, Abigal Waterman Carpenter; maternal grandfather,
Timothy Hutchins; grandmother, Hannah Cross.

I enlisted from Moretown, Vt., August 1862 in Co. B, 13th Vt. Vol. Discharged
July, 1863. Occupation at time of enlistment, farmer. Occupation since, various.
Twelve years mechanic; twelve years postmaster at St. Johnsbury, Vt; nine years
hardware merchant; since, mechanic. Have lived in St. Johnsbury, Vt. I know of
no members of my regiment living in this vicinity. I have no pictures of anything.

I was brought up as an ardent hater of slavery in every form, and consequently
took great interest in the great political contest raging in the fifties. As I was the only
son I was kept at home to help on the farm. I was wounded on the 3rd of July at Gettys-
burg by a piece of shell, but did not leave the field or ranks. I was able to be ini
at the finish when Pickett's charge was encountered and hope I did my little to
smash the attacking column. Was badly used up by my wound and the hard subse-
quent service, but stuck to my regiment until we arrived at Brattleboro where I went
to the hospital but was mustered out with the regiment. This in brief covers my ex-
perience in the Civil War. Disabilities caused by disease prevented my re-enlistment.
For two years I was disabled from performing manual labor. Since then I have enjoyed
fair health, with only occasional returns of disease contracted.

CORPORAL JOSEPH POTWIN

was born in Stours, P. Q., enlisted from Middlesex. He was appointed corporal at the
organization of the company. He was a stout built, athletic man who seemed to be
capable of an immense amount of endurance, but for some reason, possibly because he
thought he could stand anything and so did not properly care for himself, he was on
the sick list more than many others who were not as strong. Still he was a good
soldier and did good service. He died at Worcester, Mass., September 26th, 1896.

CORPORAL ZIBA KEYES, JR.

was one of the three brothers who enlisted from Moretown and served in company B.
At the organization of the company he was appointed corporal, which office he held
through his term of service. He was 5 ft. 8 in. in height, light hair, blue eyes, rather
slender and straight. After his discharge he lived most of the time in Orange, Vt. He
married Alvira Barnet, of Middlesex, who survives him. Three children. Will, Charles
and Nellie; Will in West Topsham, the others in Orange. Mrs. Keyes lives with her
daughter Nellie (Flanders) in Orange. He died June 21, 1895.

Biographical and Historical of Company B. 457

CORPORAL FORDES 0. BUSHNELL.

In response to circular letter from comrade Sturtevant our Historian and at his
earnest solicitation I attempt a personal reference. I was born at Waitsfleld, Vt.,
October 20th, 1839, volunteered August 25th, 1862, and later became a member of
Company B, 13th Regiment Vermont Volunteers and at the organization of Company
B, was dubbed with the distinguishing honor of corporal at the bottom of list. I was a
farmer boy and had seen but little of life at the time of enlistment. My education was
limited and mostly in the old red school house down in the valley near the swift
running waters of Mad River. 1 was like most, yes. all of the boys of Company B, anxious
to enlist. I was old enough, had read enough and seen enough to feel it my duty to
go and fight for the preservation of the Union. I performed my duty, served the full
term of my enlistment and was mustered out July 21, 1863. I was sick on my return
home and have never been a well man since. I left my native town in the fall of
1863 and went to Worcester, Mass, where I still reside. I learned the wood working
trade and continued at it for a good many years a part of the time as foreman. Indoor
confinement did not agree with me. I have been for a number of years and am still
employed by the city as foreman on the street department of the city.

I am a member of Post No. 10, G. A. R., and have been since its organization and
is now said to be the largest Post in the United States. I was honored with election of
Commander of this Post for the year 1901 which I considered a very flattering com-
pliment. I have not seen many of my old comrades since the war, but I am thank-
ful I have not forgotten them. My heart is sorrowed as I hear (quite often of late)
of the death of my comrades of old Company B most of them have crossed the bar and are
at rest. In a few brief days we the survivors will also be with them and what a
happy reunion it will be. I wish I might attend one of the reunions of the old 13th
before I am called. What a pleasure it would be to grasp by the hand once more my
dear comrades of Company B. Of my children, Mary A., died May 30, 1903. My son,
Fordes Bushnell, Jr., lives in San Francisco, Cal. Alice M., now wife of J. Elmer Hall,
resides in Worcester, Mass. Dear comrades of the 13th Vt. may you live long to enjoy
the country you helped to save,

FORDES O. BUSHNELL.

CORPORAL OTIS G. MILES

only son of the family of eight children of Ellhu and Sally (Bliss) Miles,
was born in Calais, Vt., September 23, 1830, and his early life was passed there.
His home was in Middlesex, Vt., from about 1861 to 1864 and he enlisted from
that town August 25, 1862, drilled and mustered with Company. December 11, 1862
he was promoted to corporal. He was wounded July 3, 1862 at Gettysburg while
attempting to aid his comrade. Dexter Parker, who was severely wounded. James
H. Wilson, who was also trying to help Parker was instantly killed. He was mustered
out with the company.

For several years he worked at carpentry and bridge building for the C. V. R. R-
Co and about 1867 entered the employ of Lane Manufacturing Co., of Montpelier
where he was machinist for nearly 20 years, leaving there in 1886 to work for the
Thompson-Houston Co. in Lynn, Mass., his family removing to Lynn a short time
afterwards. He remained with this company until his death, December 23, 1894. His
widow died in 1897.

Comrade Miles was a member of Brooks Post 13, G. A. R.. Montpelier, and of
Gen Lander Post 5, Lynn Mass. He marled November 10, 1853 at Burlington, At.
Mary Alvira Smith (daughter of William and Mary (Wilson) Smith) of that city.

They had twelve children as follows: only five of whom are living, Eva Jane, born
December 18, 1854, died 1865; Charles William, born January 5, 1857, died 1862; Julia
■Arabelle, born May 8, 1859, married Martin W. Wheelock, of Montpelier, now resides
there; children, Mabel E., Ernest W., (dead) Carroll M., (dead), Florence M., Winona
M., (dead), and Rachel E.; Cora May, born May 28, 1861. died January 7, 1904; married
Frank Dawley, of Montpelier, Vt., January 1, 1882, children, Eva M. and Angie R
(dead); Clara Helen, born May 14, 1863, married Wm. S. Keeler November 29, 1881
(Mr. Keeler died In 1906), children, Frederick (dead), Forrest W., Florence C, Raymond
S Dorothy A.; George Lincoln, born May 19, 1865, died May, 1866; Frederick Byron,
born March 29, 1867, married Rose Gallagher, (dead); married Minnie Adams, (dead),
one son, (dead), machinist, Pittsburg, Pa.; Minnie Belle, born October 14, 1869, married
Howard A. Littlefield, of Lynn, Mass, resides there, children, Olivia, (dead) Ralph
Leslie Roy B., Ernest M.; Forrest Ethan, born December 18, 1871, died August 8, 1885;
Harry Ellsworth, born April 19, 1874, died May 30, 1900, killed in bicycle accident at
Waltham, Mass.; Etta May, born August 27, 1876. died May 18, 1894; Clyde Leon, born
May 17, 1881, employed by Thompson-Houston Co., Lynn, Mass.

458 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers.

EDWIN G. ATKINS

was born in Duxbury and enlisted from that town. He helped to organize the company
and was with it from first to last, doing good duty as a soldier. He married Laura
Griffith just before he left for the war. Children. Frank C. Sidney E., Roy C. His
residence was Duxbury for some years after the war. Occupation a farmer and sawyer.
His present home is in Moretown where he has lived about ten years.

M. FRANKLIN ATKINS

enlisted from Duxbury in which town he was born. He had seen previous service in
the 2nd Vermont, Company D, from which he was discharged for disability, but having
recovered his health in a measure, he was very anxious to try it again. Soon after
reaching the front he was detailed as teamster, but his health failed him again and
January 6th, 1863, he was sent to the general hospital where he was discharged for dis-
ability January 15th, and died only a few months later.

ORLANDO BILLINGS

enlisted September 8th from Warren of which town he was a native. He is a carpenter
by trade. He had the measles, I think, which left him in bad shape and he was sent
to Campbell Hospital, Washington, D. C. March 21, 1863, and was not again with the
company till it returned to Vermont. When our state organized its first extensive
militia force soon after the war Mr. Billings enlisted into it and was chosen second
lieutenant. He went west many years ago. Present address, Kasson, Minn.

CHARLES D. BILLINGS

was born in Warren, but enlisted from Payston. He was a son of C. D. Billings, a
prominent lumberman of that mountain town. He was only 5 ft. 4 in. in height and
slender at that and was hardly equal to the hardships of ai-my life. Still he bore them
very well till attacked by measles which left him in such a weakened condition that he
could not rally and he died May 19, 1863. This was the second death in our company
on that day. The other was Cyron G. Thayer.

Charlie was a general favorite with his comrades, and it was hard indeed for
them to part with him but he was only one of many thousands whose young lives
full of promise were cut short by the war.

ALBERT D. BARNARD

private. Company B, 13th Vermont, was born at Waitsfield January 27, 1842 : enlisted
August 18, 1862; helped organize company August 25. He was never in hospital and
did good service through his entire term of enlistment, but like so many others, those
last marches and the battle proved to be more than he could endure, and he reached
home sick and died August 12, 1863. He was an only son and his life was a costly
sacrifice for his parents to make, but their patriotism is fightingly expressed by this
simple inscription placed upon his tombstone. "We have laid thee on our country's
altar." E. A. F.

WILLIAM E. BACKUS

enlisted from Fayston but was born in Biidgewater, Vt. He was 6 ft. 1% in. in height,
sandy complexion, red hair and blue eyes. Although only 22 years old at the time of
enlistment he was married and had two children. During all his service he was a
great hand to scout around on his own hook and find out the lay of the land around our
camps, and where all the roads led to, and after the capture of our teams in May he was
detailed, with one or two others to act as a scout, with the object to prevent, if possible
a repetition of such depredations.

In after years he told a good many stories about his adventures during that
period and I will relate one which he told me shortly before his death.

"One day he was scouting around south of the Occoquan when he stopped at a
house and got into conversation with a fair Rebel who did not hesitate to avow her
principles. The siege of Vicksburg was then in progress and she said very confidently,
'Grant can never take Vicksburg.' Backus was a great lover of poetrj' and before
he came away he borrowed a book of Tom Moore's poems and said in parting, 'When
I bring this book back I hope to bring you a paper containing an account of the
capture of Vicksburg.'

"But the looked-for news was long delayed and one day the regiment had orders
to march the next morning; then Backus thought that it would be dishonorable not

Biographical and Historical of Coinpany B. 459

to return that borrowed book and started out with it. When he had nearly reached
the house he saw all at once a squad ot Rebel cavalry, who also saw him and gave
chase. He sprang over the fence, leaving the book on it as he went and took to the
woods. The rebels fired at him and followed a short distance but he struck swampy
land and gave up the chase. After a time he came out on the banks of the Occoquan
where it widens out towards the Potomac. How to cross was a puzzle but he found
an old barn from which he pried a large door and constructed a rude raft and paddled
himself across though nearly upset by wind and wave. He soon came to the house
of a Union man where he had stayed before and stopped for the night. The next
morning early he came into camp, reaching there just as the regiment was falling into
line for that long march. His comrades gave him the name of 'Scout of the Occoquan'."
Comrade Backus was twice married. His first wife was Mary Whittlesey, who
died about 1880. By her he had a large family several of whom died in infancy. Those
who lived to maturity were William, Fred, Mary, Annie, Eva and Calvin, "who has
served five years in the Navy and is now in the arsenal at Springfield. His second wife
was Elizabeth Baird, who survives him. They were married March 4, 1882. By her
he had one son, Carl.

Comrade Backus lived in various places after his discharge, but finally located
in South Payston where he died December 7, 1888.

ALONZO J. BRUCE

enlisted from Duxbury, in which town he was born April 1, 1842. His great-grand-
father, Moses Bruce, was one of the first settlers in Newburyport, Mass., and was
quarter-master in the old Continental Army under General Wolfe when he made his
raid into Canada. His grandfather, also Moses Bruce, born in Newburyport, moved to
Barnard where his father, Moses Bruce, was born who afterwards settled in Duxbury.
His grandfather was six years old and could remember the battle of Bunker Hill and
often told about seeing the red coats cross the Charles river.

Comrade Bruce was a good soldier but came through his term ot service without
special Incident to mark it from others. He was sick and in regimental hospital a
few weeks about December but was soon on duty again, and was with the company
to the end.

He married Mary Fairman, of Greenfield, Mass., in 1865. She died February,
1900. Children, Mary Helen, born in Duxbury, January 1, 1866, married James R.
Dunkerson, of Kentucky, has two children; Alice Martha, born in Deerfield, Mass.,
December 15, 1869, married James Hanlan, has three children; Howard Percy, born in
Deerfield, Mass., December, 1871, married Gertrude Robinson, has two children; Myrtle
Maud, born May 2, 1878 in Town 5, Ranch 6, Elm Island, Nebr., married Chas. G. Fair-
nxan, assistant editor of the Springfield Union, one child; Edna Atha, born in Elm
Island, Nebr., January 5, 1882; Georgia Viola, born in Gibbon, Neb., July 20, 1885; Hazel
Adella, born in Burdette Springs, Colo., Sept. 20, 1888.

Mr. Bruce lived in Vermont till he entered the army, after which he lived in
Greenfield and Deerfield, Mass., from 1866 to 1876, when he went west and took a
homestead on old Fort Kearney Reservation and remained there till 1887 when he
went to Burdett Springs, Colorado and filed a preemption and tree claim and lived
here till 1889 when he came to Montague, Mass., and bought a farm in the Connecticut
valley where he lived till 1900 when he removed to Greenfield, since which time he
has been connected with the Montague City Rod Co.

ROLAND T. BULKLEY

was born in Duxbury, enlisted from Moretown August 26, at the age of 25. He was
with the company from its organization through all its movements till the middle of
December and did his full share of the duties that fell to his lot. At that date he was
detailed to serve in the ambulance corps and continued in that place through his term
of service and was mustered out with the regiment. During most of his term the rest
of the company saw but little of him on account of his being on detached service,
though for a time at the last he was stationed near us bur our acquaintance with him
was sufficient to convince us that the detail was that of a capable and faithful man to
an important place. He removed to Illinois soon after the war and engaged in farming.
Sold his farm a few years ago. Present address, Minonk. 111.

JOHN BOWEN

was born in Charlotte, Vt., but enlisted from Warren. He was 42 years old, but strong
<jnd healthy, and he endured the hardships of a soldier's life better than most men of
his age. I think that this was largely because he knew how to take care of himself
and did not expose himself or use his strength unnecessarily like too many of the

460 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers.

boys. While we were lying behind that breastworli of rails during that terrific cannon-
ade on the last day at Gettysburg, Comrade Bowen thought he would peep over and
see what was going on. Just then a round shot came bounding along and just ticked
a rail only a few inches from his head and on it went. Heads along the line kept low
for a time after that. Comrade Bowen re-enlisted December 10, 1863 in U. S. Sharp-
shooters. Died May \^, 1864, of wounds received at battle of Wilderness.

JOHN BAIRD

was the son of William and Isabella Baird. He was born in New York City. Enlisted
from Payston at the age of 20 years. He was a sturdy hearty boy of Scotch-Irish
descent and made one of our best soldiers. He was always genial and pleasant and
ready for any duty, and was thus a general favorite with his companions. I think that
he was seldom sick enough to be off duty but the hardships of our march to Gettysburg
together with the experiences of the battle and the march that followed it were too
much for him and he reached home in a debiliated condition. Once or twice he seemed
much better and was ambitious to go to work, but overdid, and was worse than before
and died September 19, 1863.

MATTHEW BLAIR

was born in Ireland and had seen service in the English aimy. He enlisted from Fays-
ton and was 27 years old and married. He passed through his term of service in fair
health and re-enlisted in 56 Massachusetts and was killed.

WILLIAM W. BARNET

enlisted from Middlesex and was born in that town. He was 28 years old and married.
He was with the company through all its experiences doing service to the best of his
ability. Of his life since his discharge we can learn nothing.

CHAUNCEY CARPENTER

enlisted from Fayston. He was 6 ft. 1 in. in height, 34 years old and married. He
was a faithful soldier, passing through the varied experiences that fell to the lot of
jost members of the company with credit to himself. After our return he re-enlisted
in the 17th Vermont. He has since resided in Granby, Vt. Died in Brookfleld, Vt.

FRANCIS V. GRAIN

enlisted from Moretown, his native town. He was 19 years old and 5 ft. 5% in. in
height. While the company was drilling at Waitsfield Comrade Crane got hold of a
large cucumber nearly ripe and ate it all down. This gave him the name of "Cucum-
ber" which stuck to him till we came home. He participated in the hard march and
the battle though well used up at the last and was mustered out with the company.
He re-enlisted and was killed in the battle of the Wilderness.

JOHN C. CANERDY

enlisted from Duxbury, his native town at the age of 18. He was one of the first to
succomb to disease. While we were encamped at Fairfax Court House, he was attacked
with typhoid fever and died at the post hospital .lanuary 20, 1863, the day the regiment
moved to Wolf Run Shoals.

GEORGE S. CHAPMAN

was born in Stockholm, N. Y., and enlisted from the town of Moretown. He was 35
years old and married. He was 5 ft. 10 in. in height and well proportioned. He made
an excellent soldier, one of the best. He was kind hearted and true and ready for every
duty as it came along. He was a farmer and resided in the easterly part of Moretown
both before and after his army service. He married Miss Strong, two children, Lizzie
and Addle were the fruit of this union; second wife, Amelia Alexander, 1 son, Perley.
He died in Northfield, February 24, 1899, but had lived most of the time since his dis-
charge in Moretown.

ALBERT H. CHASE

enlisted from Middlesex and was 18 years old. He passed through much the same
experiences as his comrades until we came to Gettysburg. Here on the second day of
the fight he was hit in the side of the head by a piece of shell, probably a part of the
same shell that killed Colonel Randall's horse. He fell and those who saw him thought
that he was killed but he soon began to crawl away and was helped off by his comrades.

Biographical and Historical of Company B. 461

He went to the hospital but when we reached Brattleboro he had so far re-
covered that he was able to come back to the company and was mustered out with
the rest, and it was then thought that his wound would not prove so very serious after
all.

He lived some twenty years after this and shortly after his death his brother
told us that ever after that wound he had had a great many headaches, and that
during Ms last sickness there came a running sore upon his head at the very point
where he was struck by the shell, so that he thought that there was no doubt that
the wound was the cause of his death although it was so long delayed.

MYRON M. DAVIS

enlisted from Warren, his native town. He was 6 ft. 1% in. in height and thus
belonged to the tall squad on the right of the company. Early in our service he
received an injury which incapacitated him for long marches and as his difficulty grew
worse rather than better, he was sent to the general hospital the 6th of January, 1863,
and was discharged for disability at Mount Pleasant hospital February 4, 1863. After
a long struggle he was able to establish his claim to a moderate pension. He is a
blacksmith by trade and resides in Moretown but has not been able to be In active
business for some years. He married Laura Palmer and they have one son, Julius D.,
who carries on an extensive tin and hardware business at Waitsfield.

WALTER C. DIMMICK

was born at Woodstock, Vt., and enlisted from Warren. His age is set down at 44. As
a rule those who had nearly reached the age limit did not endure the hardships of army
life as well as the boys who were under 18 even. But Comrade Dimmick seemed to be
an exception as he "stood the racket" very well and did good service. Some time in
the winter his home in Warren burned and he was very anxious to get a furlough
but did not succeed. He married Mary Tyler. He had one daughter, Kate. Soon after
the war he went West and we are unable to trace him further. Died at Fort Collins,
Colo.

JEROME FISK

was born in Stowe, Vt., and enlisted from Moretown. He was 20 years old and 5 ft.
9 in. in height. He was of rather slender build and the army duties proved too much
for him. Early in January, 1863, he was sent to general hospital and discharged for
disability February 1st. He has since resided at Crown Point, N. Y.

EDWARD A. FISK

son of Anson Fisk, was born in Waitsfield, February 1, 1842. My father was of the old
Puritan stock, his ancestors coming to this country and settling in Salem, Mass., about
1637, and he traces his lineage back more than 200 years further to one Lord Lymond
Fisk of Suffolk County, England. My great-grandfather was one of the early settlers
of Waitsfield.

I was married November 28, 1876 to Lillian A. Ramsay, of Waitsfield, who was
born in St. Johnsbury, Vt. Children, Annie L., born September 2, 1878, Charles E..
born March 25, 1880, Anson H., born November 5, 1882, Harold H., born November
24, 1890.

I enlisted August 18, 1862, and helped to organize Company B. I was never
sick enough to be in the hospital, or off duty for any length of time.

At Gettysburg I was slightly wounded by a piece of spent shell, which struck my
right knee, just as the regiment started on its charge of July 2nd. Though bruised
and lamed I did not leave the field and took part in all the movements of the
regiment to the last.

I was utterly exhausted by these hardships and was sick at Brattleboro with
what proved to be typhoid fever when I reached home. This nearly cost my life but
careful nursing brought me through.

I am a farmer and resided in Waitsfield till 1895 when I removed to the neighboring
town of Fayston where I lived till 1906 when I returned to Waitsfield. I was selectman
six years In Waitsfield, also school director three years. Chairman of school board
in Fayston seven years, also auditor. I represented Fayston in legislature in 1902.

Present address, Waitsfield, R. F. D.

You ask for stories and incidents and I send you the following which you can
use If you see fit or not as you please and I shall not feel aggrieved. E. A. F.

462 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers.

NOTES FROM A SOLDIER'S DIARY

Feb. 20, 1863. I went on picket. Was stationed at what we call "Sally Davis's
Ford," about two miles down the Occoquan from our camp.

This is an important post and there are some twenty men to guard it, though
there is not much danger of any one crossing the river to-day as the water 'is nearly
bank high owing to heavy rains. It is a pleasant day, but cold — almost like a bright
winter day in Vermont.

We have a cavalryman at this post to act as messenger in case of need and about
noon the new detail came from down the river. The path led across a little brook
or "run," as they call it here, just below our post. Usually there is not much water
in it, though near the river it has a sunken channel with rather steep banks, but
now the water had set back from the river so that it was quite deep in the center.

At first as the horse stepped into the water the path semed all right, but the
water was roily and as soon as he was beyond the bank horse and rider were in
the water all over. After swimming a short distance the feet of the horse caught
in some bushes and the man was thrown off but he struck out boldly and soon
reached the shore, a distance of several rods, although encumbered with arms and
accoutrements. The carbine, cartridge box, belt and revolver, saber, etc., weighed him
down so that it made one think of the Roman knight who swam fi-om the Tiber with
his armor on. The horse was rescued at length, by means of a long pole with a
hook which we managed to catch into his bridle.

It was a bitter day for such a bath, but we had a good fire and got the man to it
as soon as possible, where he wrung out his wet clothing and hung by the fire all
he could spare, while he dried the remainder by turning first one side and then the
other to the fire, but he was one of the sort that could not be kept still long at a
time and soon without coat or boots he was riding his horse back and forth to prevent
his taking cold. I often wondered what effect this exposure had upon this man but
I never heard from him again. It was such hardship and exposures as this that
cost us more lives than the bullets of the enemy. E. A. F.

DAVID GLEASON

enlisted August 25, 1862 in Company B, 13th Regiment, and was mustered out October
10 of the same year, and was discharged August 21, 1863. He was in the hospital a
large part of the time during his enlistment. He went to general hospital in April.
He returned to Waitsfleld and later went to Massachusetts to reside finally returning
to Waitsfield where he lived for a number of years, moving to Waterbury, Vt., where he
died May 26, 1899. Mr. Gleason was a carpenter by trade and was fairly successful
financially. He leaves no family.

DAN GRANDY

enlisted from Waitsfield and was born in that town. He was 24 years old and nearly
6 ft. high, but rather slim. For some reason he did not seem to endure hardships as
well as some and was sent to general hospital in March. Mustered out with the
regiment. He married Laura Parker of Waitsfleld who survives him. He died at
Waitsfleld June 18, 1895. Children Nellie, Angle. Fred and Frank.

FRANKLIN D. GRIFFITH

r

enlisted from Duxbury, his native town. He was 21 years old. 5 ft. 9 in high. He
was a strong, well built man capable of great endurance. The 27th day of December
he was detailed to act as brigade teamster and he continued in this position until
captured by Rebel guerillas wtih our teams in May, an account of which Sergeant
Boyce gives on another page.

Mr. Griffith married Sallie Gillett. of Duxbury, who died some years ago. Children,
Emmie, married Ed Tracy; Betty, married Merrill Childs; Birney, married Mr.
Sleeper; Eunice, married .Jed Haskins, Josie, married Chandler McAllister.

WILLIAM H. HATHAWAY

was one of the boys whose age is set down at 18 but who was probably considerably
under that. He was a small, slender light-haired boy. pleasant and patient under hard-
ships which he was not able to cope with successfully. He was universally liked by
his comrades who tried to favor him as much as possible. He was taken sick and went
to general hospital in March. I think that he was one of those who had measles. He
lived to come home but died a few months after our discharge. He enlisted from
Moretown, his native town, and was a son of Hiram Hathaway.

Biographical and Historical of Coiiipanv B. '463

ROYAL S. HASKINS

enlisted from Fayston, Ms native town. He was 21 years old at the time
of enlistment and was about the smallest man in the company. His height
is given at only 5 ft. l.i. in. When he enlisted he had scarcely recovered
from a serious illness and looked very pale and thin so that it was not
strange that the sarcastic remark should be made by an observer, "Well! that fellow
will make a bully soldier." And yet that funny looking boy made an excellent soldier
and possessed an endurance equal to the best of them. The pale color soon changed
to a healthy brown and one would hardly have been able to recognize him as the
same boy. The name the boys gave him was "Little Skip." Comrade Haskins married
Mary J. Wheeler, of Fayston, soon after his discharge and emigrated to Wisconsin,
where he remained till some ten or twelve years ago when he sold out his farm there
and went to Western Nebraska where he invested largely in land, hoping that the
value of real estate would increase and give him a competency, but those seasons
of doubt, which spoiled so many similar plans, come on and he had a hard struggle
for a time but he still continues to reside in that State. Post office, Bertrand, Nebr.

EATON A. HEATH

was born in Waitsfield, enlisted from Warren. He was a son of Lyman Heath. He
was a fine appearing soldier and did excellent service with but little sickness till near
the last when he was taken sick and was sent (with others who were not judged equal
to a long march) to general hospital on the day that the regiment started towards
Gettysburg. Comrade Heath has since resided in Warren, for the most part, where he
has been a prominent manufacturer and dealer in lumber. He represents his town in the
legislature during the present term. He married Adaline Dumas. He has held the
office of town clerk, constable and various other offices in town.

JOHN HINES

enlisted August 25, 1862, mustered in October 10, 1862, mustered out July 21, 1863. Died
April 18, 1879. He was a good soldier, always doing his duty. He married Mrs. Sarah
(Dana) Jones.

CHARLES C. INGALLS

enlisted from Fayston in which town he was born. He did good service as a soldier.
He was ready for duty and was always good natured whatever the event that came to
him. He went through his term of service in good health and re-enlisted in Company G,
6th Vermont, September 1, 1864. Since the war he has resided in North Fayston, Vt.,
and Northfield and other places in Vermont. He married Martha A. Johnson, of North
Fayston.

STEPHEN JOHNSON

was born In Fayston, April 15th, 1841, enlisted from Fayston. He was 5
ft. 10 in. in height and well proportioned. He was among the number who
had the measles at Wolf Run Shoals but soon recovered except that he lost
his voice entirely for about two months, but during that time he had charge of the
cook's stand and got along very well. Before our march to Gettysburg he was all
right and was with the company doing good service to the last. He re-enlisted August
26, 1864 in Co. G, 6th Vt. He enlisted for Waitsfield but by arrangement between the
towns he was sent to the town of Weybridge, Vt. He was with the regiment in all
engagements till it mustered out. Since the war he has followed the carpenter's
trade and has lived in North Fayston. He has enjoyed the confidence of his fellow
townsmen as shown by the fact that he has held some town office almost constantly.
He has been lister for over 25 years. Also school director, justice of the peace, road
commissioner and town grand juror for varying terms. He represented the town of
Fayston in 1882. He married Jennette Boyce, of North Fayston, who died in 1906. He
has three sons, James M., Herbert and Martin L.

Comrade Johnson is commander of Ainsworth Post, G. A. R., at Waitsfield, which
office he has held for several years and he is seldom absent from a meeting although
he lives five or six miles away.

SAMUEL KEYES

enlisted from Moretown, born in Middlesex, February 26, 1829. "Bloody Sam", as the
boys called him, was only 5 ft. 3 in. in height, but rather thick set, red cheeks. He
was a sturdy soldier and did good service. We remember that on that trying march
to Gettysburg as we were all about fagged out, all at once a clear laugh rang out, loud

464 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers.

enough for half the company to hear, and we wondered what Sam could find to laugh
at, but it acted like a tonic to us all and we felt refreshed and went on with new
courage.

Since the war Comrade Keyes resided in Moretown. He maried Cordelia Clark,
of Duxbury, November 29, 1852, and had by her two children, Ida and Lucy. He
married for second wife Mary Campbell, of Berlin, one child, Mary. He married for
third wife, Lucy Cady, who died in 1906, one child, Agnes, born September 3, 1876,
died in Montpelier, December 25, 1906. Samuel Keyes died November 4, 1905, in
Moretown.

SYLVANUS KEYES

brother of Samuel, was born in Middlesex, April 20th, 1831. Enlisted from Moretown.
He was 5 ft. 8% in. in height, had light hair, light complexion and blue eyes. As a
soldier he was one of the best. A man that could be relied upon at all times. Since
the war he has resided In Moretown. P. O. address, Montpelier, R. F. D. 3.

He married Rhoda Crain, September 11, 1852, four children, Chauncey W, born
July 3, 1853, Mary J., born December 31, 1857, died December 31, 1857, Frank F.,
born December 19, 1859, Elmer V., born September 12, 1864. Comrade Keyes married
for second wife Susan A. Smith, of Berlin, Vt., maiden name Susan Ayers, born in
Claremont, N. H., May 10, 1847.

JOHN LEE

was born in Ireland, enlisted from Moretown at the age of 36. He passed through the
various army experiences encountered by most of his comrades doing his duty faithfully
and was discharged with the regiment. Present address, Worcester, Mass.

CHARLES W. LISCOMB

was born in Jay, N. Y., and enlisted from Moretown. His age is set at 18, but this was
probably rather a high estimate. He was 5 ft. 8 in., but rather slender. However, he
bore the hardships better than some older and stronger built men and was present
during the march and battle though well-nigh used up by these experiences, like many
others. After the close of the war he went to Boston and was stationary engineer
four years, since then nothing is known of him.

DARIUS MAYNARD

enlisted from Duxbury, was born in Colchester, Vt. He passed through his term of
enlistment without any serious sickness and was able, as well as willing to do his
full share of the duties as a soldier that fell to his lot. He was discharged with the
company and re-enlisted in Company L, 1st Cavalry, Januarj^ 1, 1864.

HENRY MURRAY

was born in Moretown and enlisted from that town. Most members of the company
did not become very well acquainted with him as he was detailed as provost guard
No. 10, and did not return to the company till March IS, but he was with us at "the
finish" and was discharged with the Company. Re-enlisted Company C, 1st Vermont
Volunteers. Never married. Has since resided at Walnut Creek, Cal. P. O. address
Oakley, Cal.

WILLIAM McDONELL.

was a sturdy little chap, one of the shortest In the company. He enlisted from More-
town, but was born in Ireland. He was 30 years old and did good service through his
term of service but was sick and sent to general hospital June 24. Since the war he
has resided in Moretown until 1906; now lives with his son in Michigan.

DeESTING S. MIX

enlisted from Warren and was a native of that town. He was a little fellow only 5 ft.
4 in. and 18 years old, but he made a good soldier and went through his term of service
in good shape. He re-enlisted in Company A, 8th Vermont, December 12, 1863. Since
deceased.

BARNEY McCARRON

enlisted from Middlesex, born in Roxbury, Mass. He was only 18 years old but good
size, 5 ft. 10 in. and well proportioned. I remember him as very pleasant and genial
boy that all his comrades liked and one that never shirked duty. He had the distinc-
tion to be the first one in the company to have the measles. He was not much sick

Biographical and Historical of Company C. 465

and did not know what ailed him till he broke out. Thus being around with the Com-
pany he had a good chance to scatter the distemper and improved it so well, that It was
supposed that he gave it to some twenty or thirty of his comrades. He re-enlisted In
Company D, 2nd Regiment, August 16th, 1864. Residence, Chicago, 111.

STEDMAN D. MOULTON

enlisted from Middlesex, bom in Lyndon, age 30, 5 ft. 7 in. high, stout build. Comrade
Moulton enlisted September 3rd, 10 days after the Company was organized. Army life
did not seem to agree with him very well and he was sick a good deal and about the
25th of March he went to General Hospital and was discharged for disability, April
24th. After his discharge he resided in Moretown. He was a shoemaker by trade and
for a time he owned a small farm and worked at his trade to fill out the time. Then
he bought a large farm which he managed for a few years, after which he opened a
shoe store in Moretown village and carried on the business for some years but died at
that place.

LEVI NELSON

born in Fayston, enlisted from that town. He was 5 ft. 9% in. high, rather slender
and was not able to do very much service. December 12th, he was sent to general
hospital and was not again with the company, and was discharged with the regiment
July 21st, 1863.

WILLIAM NELSON

brother of Levi Nelson, enlisted from Fayston. He was 26 years old, 5 ft. 10 in. in
height and was strongly built, and a man of good endurance. Some time in the winter
while carrying fire wood he fell upon an axe and cut his hand in such a way as to
disable him from duty for a long time. He is a farmer and resides in North Haverhill,
N. H.

EUGENE NICHOLS

was born in Middlesex, and enlisted from that town at the age of 19. He was one
of the liveliest boys in the Company, and his sense and non-sense often
served to cheer the drooping spirits of his comrades and tide them over rough
places. He was given the title of "Magus" presumably on account of his words of
wisdom. He did good service and was discharged with the regiment. He re-enlisted
February 4, 1865 in Company D, 2nd Vermont Regiment. After his return he had a
law-suit with the town of Middlesex to recover the full amount of his bounty which
was carried at last to the supreme court and decided in his favor. He has lived since
the war in the West. His address is Evansville, Wis. He marled Miss Vie Lee of
that place. He has one daughter, Grace.

ROYAL ORDWAY

born in Vershire, Vt, enlisted from Middlesex. He was 30 years old, medium size, dark
complexion and lalack hair. He was a carpenter by trade. He was an able-bodied man
and a faithful soldier. For a time he acted as Company cook. His residence is Wash-
ington, Vt., where he has lived most of the time since the war.

DANIEL PASNETT

born in Ireland, enlisted from Fayston at the age of 49. He was only 5 ft. 4% in. in
height and rather slim, though he bore the hardship of army life as well as could be
expected considering his age and size. He had seen service in the British army.
There were times when he was crippled by rheumatism to some extent but he was
never away from the Company long and was with it at the last. He died in Fayston,
November 25th, 1881.

ALSON D. PAGE

born in Barre, enlisted from Waitsfleld. He was a tinner by trade. For a time he
acted as Company cook. He was with the Company through its term of service. He
went West, but present address unknown.

DEXTER PARKER

was born in Newport, N. H., February 7th, 1841; my father removed to Fayston,

Vt., 1843. Occupation farmer, at enlistment, and since discharged. Married

March 24th, 1868 H. Marva Hutchif,on of Lempster N. H. Children, Fred

Carlton Parker, born July 16th, 1870, his occupation shipping clerk. He

466 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers.

married November 25th, 1899 Hallie A. Hlnsilwood, of Liberty, Iowa. Children,
Stanley Warren Parker, born September 6th, 1901; Vernon Geo. Parker, born November
21st, 1904; Geo. Hoyt Parker, born November 21st, 1873, graduate of Newport High
School, occupation book-keeping; Ida Marva Parker, born April 11th, 1876, graduate
of Newport High School, occupation, teacher; Jessie Laura Parker, born November
29th, 1881, a graduate of Newport High School, occupation, stenographer; Angeline
Lockwood Parker, born July 6th, 1888, a pupil of Newport High School; Ethel Madeline
Parker, born September 11th, 1891, a pupil of Newport High School. I enlisted from
Waitsfleld, Vt., August 22nd, 1862, served as a private in Company B, 13th Vermont
Regiment, mustered in the U. S. Service in Brattleboro, Vt., October 10th, 1862. Mustered
out, July 21st, 1863 with the Regiment. Wounded in the battle of Gettysburg July 3rd,
1863. Left hand disabled by the bursting of a shell. It was found that a number of
my company had been hit by balls, or pieces of shells, and only one killed, James
Wilson, a good soldier and a fine young man while supporting me from the battlefield
My wound was the most severe of any in the company. I neglected to say at first that
Dexter Parker was the son of Stephen Carlton Parker, born in New Boston, N. H., 1813,
died 1893; and of Angeline Lockwood Parker, born in Springfield, Vt., in 1815, died
1896. They had a family of ten children, Dexter being the second. I would like to
trace the family, and in fact make a genealogy, but am not able to do so at this time.
I have lived in Newport, N. H., (with the exception of one year) since my discharge,
so think there are none of the boy's of the 13th in this vicinity. I cannot recall any
of the incidents that happened in army life of particular interest except that mentioned
as to my being wounded, as I have not been a citizen of Vermont since 1864, and have
had no opportunity to talk over and recall the events with old comrades.

See page 104. DEXTER PARKER.

LOREN B. REED

enlisted August 25th, 1862. Mustered October 10th, 1862. Died in Hospital at Camp
Carusi, Vt., May 3rd, 1863. Comrade Reed was a fine musician and was detailed
to play cornet in the Brigade Band and was playing there when taken sick. He was
born in Waitsfleld, Vt., and was 21 years old when he enlisted. Son of Benjamin and
Arethusa Joslin Reed. His body was brought home for buriel by Ziba W. McAllister

OSCAR C. REED

a cousin of Loren B. Reed, enlisted in Company B, 13th Vermont Regiment, August
25th, 1862; was 24 years old. He died in Hospital at Fairfax Va., December 26th, 1862.
His body was brought home for burial. Son of Timothy and Susan Reed.

WINFIELD S. RICH

was born in Marilla, N. Y., and enlisted from Fayston. He was a sawyer by trade and
24 years old. He was an excellent soldier, on hand tor every duty, pleasant and kind
in all his relations with others, and thus he held a high place in the esteem of his
comrades. He was mustered out with the regiment. After his return he engaged in
tin and hardware business in Waitsfleld for several years and later removed to Hard-
wick, Vt., where he carried on the same business, and where he died from the effects
of the kick of a horse. He married Lucetta Lockwood. He had one daughter, Cora.

JOHN W. RICHARDSON

born in Waterbury, Vt., enlisted from Waitsfleld, at the age of 43. He was with the
Company from organization to muster out. He was a carriage builder at time of enlist-
ment and conducted a thriving business at Waitsfleld. He was a good citizen and a
good soldier. About the middle of February, 1863, he was appointed regimental post
master, which position he held till we started on our march towards Gettysburg. So
far as we can learn he performed the duties of this office to the entire satisfaction of
all. He was twice married. First to Eugenia Joslin who died shortly before he enlisted.
By her he had 3 children, Cyrus of Montpelier; Flora Richardson Benton of Vergennes
and Charles W., a prosperous clothing merchant of Burlington. He married, second,
Asenath Hadley. He held tor some years office of constable. He died July 20, 1873,
at Waitsfleld.

L. THOMPSON STODDARD

was born in Waitsfleld and enlisted from that town at the age of 18. He was a tough
wiry little fellow, capable of great endurance. For several months he acted as laundry-
man for the Company and did good work. Thus the boys were able to keep their
clothing in good condition at a small cost while comrade Stoddard worked hard but
added to the contents of his pocket-book to quite an extent, and his comrades were

Biographical and Historical of Company B. 467

willing that lie should be excused from guard and picket duty so that he could do this
work. At Gettysburg he was slightly wounded July 3rd. He re-enlisted in Company
C, 17th Vermont and was appointed Corporal. Later he became one of the color guard
of the regiment. Into that ill fated charge at the explosion of the mine in front of
Petersburg, July 30th, 1864, he went and was shot down while protecting the colors.
He was taken prisoner but lived only till August 7, 1864. He was one of four brothers
who were soldiers.

OSCAR A. STEARNS

enlisted from Warren, was bom in Waitsfield. He was 20 years old, had dark com-
plexion, black hair and black eyes. He was 5 ft. 7% in. in height. He was rather slim
but stood a soldier's life well. Soon after the war he went West and located at Lone
Creek, Nebraska, where he died. He married Janet Persons and left two children.
He was a photographer by trade.

THOMAS 0. SMITH

born in Monkton, Vt., enlisted from Warren. He was nearly 6 ft. tall though not
very heavy and for some reason he did not seem to endure as well as some. About
the 5th of April he was detailed to act as safety guard and , April 14 he was sent tlo
general Hospital. P. O. Address Bristol, Vt.

LATHAM T. SEAVER

born in Moretown, August 30th, 1844, and enlisted from that town. He was rather
short but stocky and made an excellent soldier. He came through his term of service
in good shape and re-enlisted in Company C, 1st Cavalry, August 17, 1864. After the
war he lived at various places in this state, Montpelier being his last place of residence
where he died, January 4th, 1900. He was twice married. First to Miranda M. Jones,
daughter of Lieut. Nathaniel Jones, Jr., second to Hattie Palmer. Children, Edwin N.,
105 Pearl St., Middleboro, Mass.; Jennie M., Mrs. A. E. Carr, Montpelier, Vt; Lora
May, Mrs. A. C. Palmer, Jonesville, Vt.; Lena Belle, Richmond.

LEVI W. SEAVER

enlisted from Waitsfield, August 25th, 1862 in Company B, 13th Regiment; was
mustered in October 10th, 1862, and was mustered out July 21st, 1863, at Brattleboro,
Vt. He also served in 96th Regiment, N. Y. Volunteers; enlisting in April 1865, and
was mustered out February 15th, 1866. Since the war he has lived in Waitsfield and
is engaged in the lumber business. He married Miss Katie Hoffman June 19th, 1870.
Three children were born to them; Frank, Abbie and Clayton. Abbie and Clayton
died.

When our regiment was on its way to Washington, it reached Baltimore in the
night, and all will remember that night march through the city and the weary hours
of waiting for the train to take us onward and how we tried to sleep on the hard
platforms, wind swept by chilling breezes from the bay. At length the train was in
readiness and as the roll of Company B was called, Levi W. Seaver failed to respond.
What could have become of him, no one knew, said Captain Wilder: "He has not
•deserted, I know." It was thought that he might be asleep but every corner was searched
without avail and the whistle sounded "all aboard", but just as the wheels began to
move, Levi appeared on the track in front of the train all out of breath, coming as
fast as he could run. He said: "There were some passenger cars standing in the depot
and I went into one of them and the seats looked so comfortable that I sat down, not
meaning to stay there long, but the next thing I knew the cars were in motion and we
were already out of the city. The conductor stopped the train and let me off and X
hurried back as fast as I could, but I found so many tracks as soon as I got to the
city that I had a hard time to get the right one sometimes."

Levi had the measles while we were at Wolf Run Shoals and later had a relapse
and came very near dying, but a strong constitution pulled him through although he
was not much more than a skeleton after he could walk about. He was 17 years old
at the time of enlistment.

ALLADUREN STOWELL

unlisted from Moretown, his native town. He was 20 years old, 5% ft. in height but
rather light built. He got along very well however till attacked by measles. He had
a relapse and a fever which nearly cost him his life. For days we expected any
moment to hear that he had passed away, but the spark of life still lingered and at
length he began to amend very slowly. He was scarcely more than a living skeleton
and had numerous bed sores caused by the hard cots of the regimental hospital. After

468 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers.

a time as he became a little stronger, Sergeant Thayer of our Company manufactured
a crude reclining chair which was a great comfort to him that his position could be
readily changed.

Some time early in June it became apparent that we should probably have marching
orders, and it seemed necessary to send sick ones to general hospital, and it did not
seem possible that Stowell could endure to be carried in an ambulance, so his comrades
to the number of 8 I think volunteered to carry him to Alexandria, a distance of about
20 miles on a stretcher. This they did and he bore the journey very well, and soon
began to gain more rapidly. At the end of our term of service he came home and was
soon all right again and re-enlisted in Company C, 1st Vermont Cavalry, August 17th,
1864. He lived some years after the war but died a good while ago.

WILLIAM D. SMITH

born in Middlesex, enlisted from Moretown. He was 21 years of age, 5 ft. 5 in. in
height, dark complexion, dark hair and eyes. I remember him as a quiet well behaved
boy ready for duty and no grumbling. In the spring he was sick. (I think measles
were the beginning of it) and was sent to general hospital June 3rd. Discharged
with Regiment.

JAMES SHANLEY

born in Lowell, Mass., enlisted from Moretown. He was 20 years old, 5 ft. IVz In. in
height, solid built, light complexion, blue eyes and light hair. I do not remember
that he was sick during his term of service or that there was any special incident to
distinguish him from other soldiers who did their duty well.

ROSWELL S. SCRIBNER

born in Fayston, enlisted from Duxbury; 23 years old; 6% ft. in height, and the tallest
man in the regiment. He was a strong, well built man and did good service. Dis-
charged with Company.

ALMUS STEVENS

was born in Warren; enlisted from that town and has lived there ever since. He was
30 years old at enlistment. I think that he enjoyed good health while in the service.
At the battle of Gettysburg he had his rubber blanket rolled tightly and the ends
were crossed on his breast and tied with a string. A single man in the Rebel ranks
was seen to raise his gun and fire. The bullet struck the rubber blanket in front of
Stevens' breast nearly at the point where the ends were crossed and made 19 holes
through the blanket but Stevens was not injured in the least.

CYRON C. THAYER

enlisted from Waitsfleld, August 25th, 1862, in Company B, mustered with the Regiment
October 10th, 1862. He died of measles May 20th, 1863. His age was 20 years.

JAMES M. THAYER

was born in Warren; enlisted from Waitsfleld and was 21 years old. He
was of medium height but rather slightly built. He had not been in good
health previous to enlistment but he felt an ardent desire to have a part in
the strife and hoped that army lite might benefit him. He was accepted with some
misgivings by the inspection officers, who admired his courage and hoped for the best.
Soon after we reached Virginia, however, it became apparent that he could not long
endure the hardships of army life, although bore up against the thought and did his
best to keep up. January 6th, he was sent to general hospital and was discharged for
disability January 31st. After reaching home he recruited somewhat and was able to
labor for a time, but he soon grew worse and died November 29th, 1865. During his last
days he was tenderly cared for bj' Mr. and Mrs. Wm. C. Barnard the parents of Albert
D. of this Company who was an only son and only lived three weeks after he reached
home.

HORACE TRASK

born in Braintree, Vt., enlisted from Warren. His age is set at 45, but he was well
preserved and it was hoped that he could do service. He was 5 ft. 9 in. in height,
light complexion and blue eyes with hair already turning grey. After a few marches,
however, he seemed to be breaking down and was detailed to assist in the regimental
hospital, but even that proved too much for him and he was sent to general hospital
January 6, and was discharged tor disability January 31st. He returned to Warren
where he died.

Biographical and Historical of Company B. 469

WILLIAM H. TRASK

son of Horace, enlisted from Warren. Age set at 18 years. He was 5 ft. 8 In. in
height, but slim and immature and yet it was such boys as these who often showel^
great endurance and made the best soldiers, and comrade Trask was no exception to
the rule. He came home all right. For many years he has been engaged In business
in Lynn, Mass.

GEORGE J. TRASK

son of Horace, enlisted from Warren, born in that town. Both his age and that of his
brother William are set at 18 years, but we are sure that they were not twins. George
the younger one, was rather heavier than his brother, but was half an inch shorter. He
endured army life well increasing in height, and in weight till that last march. Since
the war he has in creased his stature in height and breadth so that he could scarcely
be recognized as the slight boy who enlisted in Company B, in '62. For many years
he was in business in Lynn, Mass., but a few years ago returned in broken health to
his old home in East Warren, Vt.

CHARLES D. TOWLE

born in Duxbury; enlisted from that town at the age of 18. He was a dark coim-
plexioned black eyed boy, 5 ft. 7% in. in height and solid built. He was a good soldier.
He was mustered out with the regiment and died some years ago. See Roster.

WM. M. TURNER

enlisted from Duxbury and was born in that town. He was 29 years old, and nearly
6 ft. tall. Though apparently rugged he was taken sick in December and was sent to
general hospital January 6th, where he was discharged for disability March 6th. He
recovered his health, however, so that on July 28th, 1864 he re-enlisted in Company G,
6th Vermont. He represented Duxbury in legislature one term. He died at. See Roster.

HARVEY M. WAITE

enlisted from Waitsfield; was born in Warren; was 22 years old, 5 ft. 8
in. tall and well built. For several months he acted as Company cook and
he made an excellent man for the place. Once I recollect that while we were at
camp Vermont the whole Company was ordered to report at Fort Lyon some miles away
to labor on the construction of earthworks. We started early and were short of rations
which would come later in the day. So we had the uninviting prospect of a meagre
dinner after hard labor, but just as we were released at noon we saw an army team
coming which proved to have on board a good supply of beans well cooked and other
rations with comrade Waite to dish them out. He had hard work to get a team for
the purpose but told those in charge that if the boys had to work they must have some
dinner. Near the close of our term of service he was taken sick and just before we
started on that long march he, with several others unable to endure the march was
sent to the general hospital. Soon after his return he married Ella Parker, a sister of
his comrade Dexter Parker, and purchased a farm in Waitsfield which by hard work
and good management he greatly improved, building a fine barn and greatly increasing
the production of the farm. Later he sold his farm and located in Waitsfield village
where he owns a fine residence with land enough to furnish him some employment.

JAMES H. WILSON

was born in Warren and enlisted from that town. He was 20 years old
and 5 ft. 81/^ in. in height, a fine well proportioned young man with light
hair and blue eyes. He was prompt and active, and a boy who was universally
liked by his companions. He was the only member of the company killed at Gettysburg.
Dexter Parker received a very painful wound from a piece of shell which cut through
one of his hands and he was in such agony that Corporal O. G. Miles and James H.
Wilson started to help him to the rear, one on each side. They had only gone a short
distance when a shell struck in a pile of stones and burst. AH three fell to the ground
and it was found that a small piece of shell had pierced Wilson's heart, killing him
instantly. Parker was not further injured but Corporal Miles had splinters of stone
driven into his back which were a great anoyance but not dangerous. Wilson's body
was buried on the field with a carefully marked board placed at the head of his grave.
Late in the fall of 1863, S. J. Dana of our company was sent to Gettysburg to bring
his body home which task he successfully accomplished and he lies buried in the little
cemetery at East Warren. Some of his comrades tell the story that while on the march

470 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers.

towards Gettysburg they said to Wilson "Our time will soon be out and we shall go
home." To which he replied "I shall never go home alive. We shall have a fight and
I shall be killed." This story comes too direct to be doubted but if it had not proved
so true we, probably, should never have heard of it. Again, the missile that pierced
his heart, like cases without number in the war, slew also another in the home town,
who was to become his wife on his return. She lived only a few months after tie
terrible news reached her.

JAMES WILBER

enlisted from Duxbury; was born in Canada. He was 45 years old but was
a man of good endurance and was usually well until attacked by measles
in march. Like most persons who have this disease at his age, it went very hard
with him and left him very weak, but so many were sick that he was put on duty
before he was really able to perform it, and but for a fortunate circumstance he might
not have come out of it as well as he did. About that time while we were at Wolf Run
Shoals, we practiced target shooting at stated intervals, and at least on one or two
trials the best shot was excused from guard and picket duty for a fort-night. Comrade
Wilber was an excellent marksman and succeeded in hitting the bulls-eye one day and
thus gained the much needed rest at the end of which he was in good trim to resume his
usual duties. He married Emily Shonio about 1844. She died in 1888. Children, Eliza,
born 1845, married Henry A. Miner, resident Waitsfield. Elvira, born 1847, died 1857.
Almeda, born 1848, married Frank Pero. Althesa, born 1850, deceased. Arminta, born
1853, married Sylvester Armington, deceased. Chester, born 1859. Willis, born 1862.
Eldora, born 1864, married Sam Thompson of Barre. Cyrus, born 1867. Mr. Wilber
died at the home of his son-in-law H. A. Miner In Waitsfield, April 16th, 1898.

ALBERT WILLEY

enlisted from Middlesex born in that town. He was 18 years old, 5 ft. 8% in. in height.
He passed through his term of service without special incident and was discharged
with the company. P. O. address, Montpelier.

LUCIEN WHITE

born in Middlesex, enlisted from that town. He was 23 years old. He enlisted
September .1st, being one of the few who joined the Company after its organization.
March 21st, '63, was detailed to serve in a R. I. battery and we can find no record of
his return to the Company. Present residence, Middlesex. He married Hattie I.
Carpenter.

EDMUND WHITCOMB

born in Waitsfield, enlisted from that town at 19 years of age. Only 5 ft. 4% in. in height
He was with the Company from start to finish doing good service. After his discharge
he went to Northern N. Y., where he married and lived for some years. Then his wile
died and he removed. Present address unknown.

BURT JOSEPH CHAMBERLIN

was born in middlesex, Vt., August 29th, 1842 and have always led a farmer's life
in Middlesex, that being still my address. When President Lincoln's call for 300,000
men came my father said to me, "One of us must go." I enlisted in Co. B, 13th Vt.
Vol. from Middlesex. I remained with my regiment until we were mustered out at
Brattleboro, Vt, July 21st, 1863. I was not absent from my company one day during
the time. History tells of the part our gallant old 13th took at the battle of Gettys-
burg and I have not forgtten the awful carnage of that battle. I was in the charge
against General Pickett.

March 8th, 1865, I married Miss Verona V. Vaughan, also of Middlesex,
Vt., who was born in Pomfret, Windsor Co., Vt., January 4th, 1846. Four chil-
dren were born to us (all of whom are living) as follows: Rufus N., born January
24th, 1869; Wells J., born December 8th, 1872; Edwin B., born March 3rd, 1875; Mary
A., born May 1st, 1877; all born in Middlesex, Vt. My father, Solomon Wells Cham-
berlin, was born in Greenfield, Mass.. March 21st, 1807, was a farmer; died November
29th, 1871. My grandfather, Rufus Clesson Chamberlln, was born in Durham, Conn
August 31, 1770. Died in Middlesex, Vt., March 12, 1855.

SAMUEL J. DANA.

was born in Warren, Washington county, Vermont, May 18, 1833. When he was thir-
teen years of age his parents moved to Fayston, where Mr. Dana still resides. October

Biographical and Historical of Company B. 471

5, 1853, he married Adaline W. Benton, of Fayston. They had seven sons six of
whom are now living. She died October 24, 1886. On January 10, 1888, Mr. Dana
married Mrs. Miranda Davis, who died April 24, 1889. He was married February 27,
1894, to Miss Mary J. Fisher, his present wife. August 25, 1862, he enlisted in the
United States service and was mustered in October 10, 1862 as a private of company
B, 13th Regiment, Vermont Volunteers. He was with the regiment all through its
service except when it left Fairfax Court House. Being sick at the time, he was left
In the care of Lieutenant McElroy and Harvey M. Wait until an ambulance was sent
for him from Wolf Run Shoals. He was wounded in the left arm by a piece of shell
at the battle of Gettysburg, July 3, 1863. At the expiration of his term, Mr. Dana
returned to Brattleboro where he was honorably discharged July 21, of the same
year. He was one of six brothers who served in the Union Army and came home
with honorable discharges. His grandfather served in the War of 1812-1814 and his
great-grandfather fought in the War of the Revolution. Mr. Dana represented the town of
Fayston in the legislature of 1872-1873 and has held nearly all the town offices, acting
as town clerk for 26 years. In company with his son, Henry W. Dana, he has been
manufacturer of clapboards and shingles for several years, and is carrying on the
business at the present time. He held the office of Assistant Judge of Washington
County Court from December, 1902 to December, 1904.

J. JULIAN DUMAS.

It is with a full sense of my inability that I attempt to give you anything that
will be of sufficient interest or worthy of a place in the history of the 13th regiment.
Realizing to some degree the difficult task you have undertaken and doubting very
much its accomplishment without the co-operation and mutual interest of every sur-
vivor, I feel it my duty to assist, to the best of my ability, in making the enterprise
successful and iiteresting to the present and coming generations. With this brief
preface I will endeavor to give you in a condensed form my history before and after
my enlistment.

I was born in the town of Waitsfield, Vt.. April 21. 1840, where I lived with my
parents and attended the common district school until I was twelve years of age. I
then commenced to work with my father, learning the carpenter and joiner's trade. I
worked with him until September, 1855, when I started out to make my way through
this world, working at my trade in Vermont until December, 1859. At this time I
went to St. Johns, P. Q., where about two years after, in the fall of 1861, I was admitted
as a member of a company of dragoons and drilled as a cavalry man until May. 1862,
when we were about to be enlisted and mustered into service; consequently I would
have been obliged to swear allegiance to the English government. This 1 could not do;
Knowing of the conflict going on in my native land, and believing my duty (and life,
if nef'd be) was due to the defence and protection of the old Flag, I made my intentions
known to the captain, (who recognized the fact that I was not bound in any way)
and without further ceremony I packed my belongings and on the eve of May 6,
1862, reached my old home in Waitsfield. On the 16th of August, 1862 I enlisted in
Co. B, 13th Regiment, and served my country the best I could until July 21, 1863, when
we were mustered out and I returned home with all the honors of a private. I re-
mained in Waitsfield until August 10, 1863, when I went to Boston. Mass., obtained
employment with Chickering & Sons, manufacturers of pianos and stayed with them
until Jan. 1869, when my contract with the firm terminated. I then opened a small
jewelry and notion store in Watertown, Mass., where 1 soon learned at a cost of $2,000
that I had made a sad mistake; closed out the business and started for a visit to the
West. I wandered around the country but after a few months returned to Boston.
Soon after I secured a situation with Geo. Woods & Co., Cambridge, Mass., manufac-
turers of parlor organs, and remained with this firm until 1876. October 12, 1870 was
married and made my home in Cambridge. In January, 1874, we were blessed with
a daughter who is still with me. April, 1877, we removed to Bristol, Vt., and I en-
gaged with the Bristol Mfg. Co., manufacturers of coffins and caskets, until in the
spring of 1880 I severed my connection with this firm to take the position of superin-
tendent with Baer Bros, of New York city, manufacturers of piano cases, with whom
I remained until May, 1882. I returned to Bristol and entered into business for
myself as dealer in house building materials. In 1888 my health failed and was obliged
to sell out my business. In the summer of 1889, having regained to some degree my
health, I entered the insurance business which I have followed to the present time.

Thus, my comrades, in a few words I have given you my history, covering a period
of sixty-two years. As to my success in life I have but little to say, only that I have
in all these years secured a pleasant and comfortable home and a small building and
lot on the business street in the town of Bristol; but the greatest success I have made
is that I have secured one of those mansions not made with hands, eternal in the
Heavens to which I am looking forward with joy; and I recommend to all who have
not secured one of those mansions that they do so at once for that is the greatest

47^ The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers.

success any one can attain, ever bearing in mind that we shall pass through this
world but once; any good therefore that we can do our fellowman, let us do it at
once; let us not defer or neglect it for we shall not pass this way again. I enclose a
recent photograph but have none prior to my enlistment. Died at Bristol, Vt., 1904.

See page 110 and Roster. Fraternally yours,

J. JULIAN DUMAS.
JAMES K. HARTWELL.

It is with none other than emotions the most pleasurable that I avail myself of
the opportunity you so kindly offer to place myself on the "roll of honor" among
those who will give their testimony as to the fidelity, the heroism and the soldier-like
bearing that has always characterized the old 13th regiment Vermont "Volunteers. In
the summer of 1862 when on a visit (from my native city, Boston) to my family then
sojourning in the town of Warren, Vt., I attended a war meeting, which had been
announced to take place at the village church. I had no idea of becoming a soldier,
but before the meeting closed my name was on the list, and from that time until we
were mustered out at Brattleboro I have never had occasion to regret taking the step
that led me to don the blue. The reminiscences incident to our campaign, are many
that might be recounted but "War Stories" have been told so "many times and oft"
that they have become rather stale, and not a little threadbare, consequently in the
little that I have to offer I prefer to confine myself chiefly to the mention of a few-
of the bright lights whose sterling integrity, whose fidelity to duty, whose fitness for
the position they held have placed the old 1.3th on a pedestal to which every Vermonter
can point with feelings of pride and pleasure. I am sure that I but voice the senti-
ments of every member of the regiment when I say that no regiment in the service
had a commander more gallant, more brave or more self possessed under the most
trying circumstances than Col. Randall. It would seem invidious to particularize in a
case where so many won distinction by an exhibition of noble, manly qualities, but
I cannot omit to mention one who by his elevation to the best interest and comfort
of those under his command, won the esteem, respect and confidence of every member
of Co. B, Lieutenant McElroy. Let us cherish and keep green his memory until we
meet him for an exchange of friendly and fraternal greetings on that eternal camping
ground towards which our feet are rapidly hastening. All of the scenes and incidents
of our campaign are still fresh in my mind, especially do I recall the event of December
28, 1862, when the boys of the 13th regiment shouted themselves hoarse at the unex-
pected and welcome appearanc of Col. Randall when we stood in line awaiting the
threatened charge from Stuart's cavalry. Another episode to be remembered and
never forgotten occurred at Fairfax Court House, when Col. Mosby favored us with
his presence and bore away his unwilling captive in the person of General Stoughton.
Never shall I forget what little regret was manifested when the announcement was
made to us. Neither will I forget with what unbounded enthusiasm we welcomed his
sucessor. Gen. Geo. J. Stannard and who so heroically led us to victory at Gettysburg.
Again on the evening of our first day at Gettysburg. The firing had ceased for the
day and nothing was heard save the groans and prayers of the wounded and dying.
I espied a short distance from where I was standing four women on their bended
knees with bandages and cooling drinks, doing all in their power to lessen the pain
and prolong the lives of those who had fallen. God bless them for they passed none
bj', not knowing or caring where they were born, at what altar they knelt, or whether
they were clad in blue or gray. It was enough for them to know that these suffering
men needed help, and their prayer was for sufficient strength to enable them to give
the needed relief. Upon enquiring I learned that they were called (and rightly too)
Sisters of Mercy, and if I ever breathed to Heaven a heartfelt, soulful prayer it was
then, that their life of self-sacrificing devotion may be their passport as they bow
before our Supreme Commander to receive the approving sentence, "Well done good
and faithful servant." I might continue indefinitely to relate stirring scenes that we
all witnessed on that gory field during our three days' struggle, but there are others
better qualified to do it than I, and for that reason will draw my rambling story to a
close, thanking you for the privilege of contributing to a work that will he an inspira-
tion to the rising generation.

JAMES K. HARTWELL,

JAMES K. HARTWELL

enlisted from Warren. He was born in Boston, Mass., and was 36 years old at date of
his enlistment. In the summer of 1S62 when on a visit to Warren, Vt., he attended a
war meeting at the village church. He said that he had no idea of becoming a soldier
at that time but before the meeting closed his name was on the list as a volunteer
from Warren and from that time until we were mustered out at Brattleboro, July 21,
1863, none did better. Because of this visit by Comrade Hartwell, Company B gained

Biographical and Historical of Company B. 473.

an excellent soldier, ever ready at the call of duty and being more mature than some,
his speech and action was worthy of imitation. Also his case was another example of
the fact so often noticed in our late war that a clerk from a store endured the hardships
of a soldier's life even better than a farmer's boy.

Since the war Comrade Hartwell has resided in Cambridgeport, Mass., and has
been an extensive dealer in hats, trunks, etc. His wife died some years ago. Children,
James T., Sarah S., and Theresa R. Present address, 190 Green St., Cambridgeport, Mass!

Of Mr. Hartwell Col. Randall wrote as follows and here is an extract from a letter
dated at Montpelier, Vt., January 24, 1864. "I have a very distinct remembrance of
Mr. James K. Hartwell and take pleasure in saying that he was one of my most faith-
ful and trustworthy soldiers, displaying at all times those qualities so important in a
good soldier, viz.: courage, fortitude and a ready oiedience to and respect for superiors
in office; and I regard him well qualified to hold an office in the line in any regiment."

FRANCIS V. RANDALL,

Late Col., 13th Regt., Vt. Vols.
Because of a personal sketch by Comrade Hartwell, deem it wise to make no further
comment. E. A. P., Historian, Co. B.

EDGAR A. HASTINGS

■was born in Fayston, December 27, 1838. Enlisted from Waitsfield, August 18, 1862.
At Fairfax Court House Comrade Hastings was detailed from the company to act as
brigade herdsman, and continued in that position sixteen weeks. Of that period he-
writes: "While acting in this capacity we found ample opportunity to enjoy the good
things of this life. The larder was always kept replenished. Turkeys, chickens, eggs and
honey forming a part of our menu, all of which was gathered by foraging. None of
us went hungry or dry." He returned to the company March 12th, and continued with
it to the end, doing such guard and picket duty as fell to his lot and taking part in
the battle of Gettysburg.

Since the war Comrade Hastings has lived in Waitsfield, Vt., in Ayer, Mass., and
Lawrence, Mass., his present residence, where he is employed in the Farwell Bleachery.
He was married March 15, 1864 to Addle C. Bodfish, of Brandon, Vt., and has three
living children, Albert Jerome, Cora Bell, and Estella May.

ziBA McAllister

was born at Waitsfield, Vt., August 27, 1841. Enlisted into the United States service
August, 1862 at Waitsfield, Vt., and assisted the authorities of the town in raising their
quota of nine months' men; were organized on the 25th day of August, 1862, served
as private during the entire service with the company. When the regiment was at
Brattleboro for muster into the service, he was detained at regimental head quarters
to serve as the orderly for Colonel Randall and was kept there during his entire
service with the regiment. He went with the regiment to Washington, D. C, to
Camp Vermont in Virginia, thence Fairfax Court House to Wolf Run Shoals and to
Gettysburg, Pa. On the morning of the second days' fight he was ordered to take
Jim (Francis V. Randall, Jr.) and the two extra horses and go to the rear and stay
there until he was sent for, the Colonel then said, "Ziba, if anything happens to me
you see that Jim gets home all right, for this is going to be a hot fight and I do
not know what will happen." So in obedience to orders he went to the rear, back I
think on the Baltimore Pike near a large red barn that was being used for a field
hospital. There they remained during that day and night. On the morning of the
third day, being anxious to hear from the regiment he left Jim there near the hos-
pital with orders not to leave until he returned. Then he started in pursuit of the
regiment and fortunately found them lying at the left of the cemetery, lying closed
column by division and fiat on the ground. The shells from the enemy's guns were
dropping in there pretty fast, about this time Private Stoddard discovered his ap-
proach and raising himself so that he could be seen, shouted, "No dodging there,
Mac." The colonel came to him, made some inquiries, told him to send Asst. Surgeon
Crandall (who was near by at the time) to the regiment, then go back and fin,d
Jim and to stay there until after the battle. On the morning after the Battle they*
joined the regiment and were finally discharged with the regiment at Brattleboro, Vt.
In November, 1863, he again enlisted, this time in Co. C, 1st Regt., Vt. Cavalry,
Joined the regiment at Stevensburgh, Va.. in January, 1S64. Did picket duty on the
Rapldan River, was with Gen. Kilpatrick on his famous raid to Richmond in February.
Went with Sheridan across the rivers when the army moved for the Wilderness. Was
with Sheridan when he with his cavalry passed around Lee's right and appeared
in their rear at Beaver Dam station. Was with Gen. Wilson in his famous raid
around Petersburg. Went with Sheridan into the Shenandoah Valley; was at the

474 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers.

battle of Winchester and all subsequent movements of his until Oct. 7, when he was
finally disabled by a pistol shot in the left side fracturing three ribs from which he
did not recover in season to do further service at the front. Was in the hospital at
Wilmington, Del., at Brattleboro and Montpeller, Vt., and was finally discharged from
the service with the regiment at Burlington, Vt., in July, 1865. He was in the West
for three years after which he returned to Waitsfield where he has since resided.
He was married to Betsey A. Jones of Waitsfield, December 7, 1870, had one son,
Harry, who died December 5, 1895. He was constable of the town from 1880 to 1885;
served on the school board; was assistant door keeper of the Vermont Senate Session,
1882; was commissioned postmaster at Waitsfield November 29, 1889, and he is still
at the work. He was associated with the Good Templars of the state for twenty-
five years and served as Grand Marshall of the Grand Lodge for two terms; is a Mason
and a Knight Templar; has been a member of Ainsworth Post No. 36, G. A. R. since
its organization in 1871. See page 108.

BYEON j. STOCKWELL

was the son of Cephas and Clarissa (Perkins) Stockwell, was born in Moretown, March
24th, 1843. His grandfather David Stockwell and his great grandfather Asa Stockwell,
were both in the battle of Plattsbiirg. Comrade Stockwell enlisted August 16, 1862 at
Moretown and August 19 he was married at Stowe to Lucia A. Turner, of Duxbury,
who died December 11, 1899. A few days after his marriage came the organization
of our company and then the military training at Waitsfield and Moretown and all
too soon the leave taking, for the service for which we had enlisted. Comrade Stock-
well was nearly 6 feet tall and was well proportioned. A strong, able-bodied man
and one who was willing to render service according to his ability. After his return
from the army he purchased a farm in Duxbury and lived in that town till 1890,
when he removed to Waitsfield. After the death of his wife he sold his farm and
lived in various places till 1905 when he married Mrs. Bennett, of Montpeller, and has
since resided in that place. He has four children, Harley, who married Emma Robin-
son and lives in Richmond; Minnie, who married Frank Atkins, son of E. G. Atkins;
Clara, who married Frank Jenkins, of Montpeller; Lilla, who married Joseph Stredo,
of Waterbury.

AUGUSTUS SHONTELL

of Company B, enlisted from Moretown. He was 6 feet 1 inch in height and thus
belonged to the tall squad on the right of the company. He enlisted in August, 1862,
and was with the company through its term of service. He was a good soldier. I do
not remember that he had any sickuess of any account and he was always on hand
for duty. At Gettysburg he had his bayonet taken off by a piece of shell. Capt. Wilder
used to tell the story thus: "Shontell whirled around two or three times but finally
stopped and called out, 'Captain they have shot my bayonet off, so I can't charge,'
'You can shoot can't you?' 'Yes! I can shoot. Well, ^et hf.ck into the ranks and let
them have it as fast as you can.' This he proceeded to do in good shape." Augustus
Shontell was born at North Hlaty, P. Q., Canada, January 12, 1841. He was a son of
Augustus and Esther Shontell. His grandfather Augustus Shontell, was born in
France. Comrade Augustus Shontell was married in January, 1860, at Middlesex,
Vt., to Mary Cole, who was born July 3, 1841, and died October 22, 1S90. By this union
were born 12 children, as follows: Joseph, born April 14, 1S61, P. O., Highgate, Vt. ;
Josephine, born March 5, 1862, died June, 1903; Frederick, born Nov. 5. 1866, P. O.
East Hlaty, P. Q.; George, born Sept. 1, 1868, P. O. Usquepaugh, R. I.; Esther, born
Nov. 15, 1870, wife of Henry Vendell. Plymouth, N. H.: Rosa, born Jan. 7, 1874, Pitts-
field, N. H. ; Lewis, born Feb. 15, 1S76, P. 0., Montpeller, Vt.; Leander, born May 14,
1878, P. O., Montpeller, Vt; Benjamin, born Sept. 18, 1880, died March, 1SS2; John,
born May 23, 1882, Usquepaugh, R. I.; Mary, born Dec. 1, 1883, wife of Jules Defoise,
Old Mystic, Conn.; Julia born Jan. 18, 1885, wife of Oscar Gyer, Old Mystic, Conn!
Augustus Shontell was married the second time to Miss Emily Prue, Sept. 18, 1891, by
whom he has four children: Frank, born July 17, 1892, Usquepaugh, R. I.; Minnie, born
August 20, 1895, Usquepaugh, R. I.; Leona, born June 18, 1S97, Usquepaugh, R. I.;
Vt., to Mary Cole, who was born July 3, 1841, and died October 22, 1890. By this union
Charles, born Feb. 8, 1903, died Feb. 18, 1904; sixteen children. The fecundity of his
race, amply fulfilled and his example refutes the idea of race suicide.

Comrade Shontell sends an account of our last march and the battl'=) of Gettys-
burg, which is practically covered by accounts already given but he has this additional
item of army experience. "I remember at one time when I crossed the river (pre-
sumably the Occoquan) in a ferrs' boat I came across a young rebel and made him
prisoner alone. Returning to our camp delivered my prisoner to Col. Randall who
sent the man to Washington, D. C. The prisoner informed me when I delivered him
up that he wished he had shot me. About the same time we had 5 men taken prisoners
by the rebels together with their mules, the animals unhitched from wagons which they

Biographical and Historical of Company B. 475.

left, taking men and mules." Since the war Comrade Shontell has resided at North
Hlaty, P. Q., Northfleld, Vt., New London, Conn., and at Usquepaugh, R. I. He died
suddenly at his home in Rhode Island January 17, 1907. The cause of his death was
dropsy and heart disease. The burial was at Old Mystic, Conn. See page 104.

CARLOS W. TURNER

our boy flfer, enlisted from Duxbury. He was a slender, light haired boy only 16 years
old, the son of Geo. W. Turner, of Duxbury. He was one of the first to succumb to
the hardships of army life. Some time in December he was taken down with what
proved to be typhoid fever and was sent to Alexandria, where he died at King St.
hospital, January 4th, 1863. Thus was added another to the long list of names of
young lives suddenly cut short by "this cruel war."

OILMAN O. FOSTER, DRUMMER

He was son of J. W. and Lucia A. Foster, born in Moretown November 15th, 1842.
Was reared on a farm, attended district school, and also select school in Moretown a
few terms. In the fall of 1861 a company of the 6th Regiment passed through More-
town on its way to join the Regiment and Foster was very anxious to enlist at that
time, but could not gain the consent of his parents. Taught school the next winter.
When the call for nine months' men came, however, he enlisted as a drummer and
was with the company in its organization and drills till mustered into United States
service.

Of the journey to Washington, comrade Foster writes: "I well remember the
enthusiasm and generosity of the people along our line of travel through Massachusetts
and Connecticut. Our train made a short stop at Hartford, when our car was sur-
rounded and we were captured by the ladies, and presented by them the best that the
city afforded in the line of eatables. We thanked them, but one of the boys said 'You
have done nobly, but not quite as well as the girls of Springfield.' They wanted to
know wherein they had failed to do as well as the Springfield girls, the answer was,
'They kissed us.' And the girls said, 'We will not be beaten by Springfield.' In
February, comrade Foster contracted typhoid pneumonia and was taken to regimental
hospital, 1 ut was soon removed to hospital at Fairfax Court House where he lay un-
conscious for several days, and where he was at the time Mosby made his visit and
carried off General Stoughton and others. He remained in the hospital till May, when
he came to the company at Camp Carusi on the Occoquan. Here it was soon apparent
that the rest of the drum corps of the regiment had, by their constant practice during
the three months of his sickness, left him in the rear so far as musical attainments
were concerned, but he strove manfully to recover the lost ground and events proved
that Company B had no occasion to be ashamed of its drummer.

From his account of the battle of Gettysburg we select the following: "As I
belonged to the drum corps I had no gun, but was offered a pistol, which offer I de-
clined fearing it might 'go off' accidentally. I went to a spring to get water for
Company B, but before reaching them my canteens would be empty, as I could not
resist the call of the wounded rebels, whom I had to pass before reaching my company,,
but necessity on the part of our boys soon compelled me to turn a deaf ear to the gray,
and take water to our boys, and the most thirsty of them all was Colonel Randall.
He took a drink and said, 'My good fellow, you have stuck by us all day.' The rest
of the day I devoted to the cavalry artillery. I found in the rear of our line a house
which had been vacated, and in the pantry some fiour, so I mixed some of it with
water, put the dough on my plate and backed it over a small fire which I had built,
and when done I ate it and pronounced it equal to mother's cream cake. I repeated
the operation, and took my product to the boys and they agreed with me that it was
the best cake they ever ate.' "

, During the third day of the fight our drummer was still alert, doing what he
could for the wounded, bringing them water and helping to carry them off the field,
and making himself generally useful. He says: "I remember Lieutenant Kenfield
who was wounded toward the close of the battle as a man of courage. I dressed his
wound the best I could on the field, as he would not leave his company. He says 'We
are giving it to 'em.' His coat sleeve was covered with blood and brains of Sergeant
Major H. H. Smith, who had just been Instantly killed by a piece of shell. General
Stannard was also wounded by a piece of the same shell. I think also that it was th&
same shell that killed Orson L. Carr of Company E." After the battle was over. Colonel
Randall said, "That drummer of Company B who isn't much on music, was worth more
than all the rest of the drum corps in the battle." After he returned to Vermont he
ment to Stowe where he has remained ever since, engaged in the manufacture of
butter-tubs. He was married October 11, 1875 to Mrs. Elvira J. Harlow Peterson at
Waterbury, Vt. Wife born in Stowe December 6, 1844. One child, Ethel E., born;
September 14, 1883. Married Walter A. Sears November 28th, 1901. P. O., Stowe.

47^ The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers.

LESTER K. DOW

Enlisted from Duxbury, In which town he was born, June 3rd, 1838. His father
was born in Tuftonboro, N. H., and was Icilled on board the steamer Westfield in New
York harbor July 30th, 1871, buried at South Duxbury. His mother Betsey (Phelps)
Dow, was born in Colbrook, Conn., and died in Duxbury September 18th, 1850, buried
at South Duxbury. Comrade Dow was promoted from private to corjwral February
25th, 1863, which office he held through his term of service. At the battle of Gettys-
burg he was wounded in the foot by a piece of spent shell, jusb as the regiment started
on its charge July 2nd. This same piece of shell after striking Corporal Dow's foot
bounded and hit his comrade B. A. Fisk in the knee. Since his discharge he has lived
in New Hampshire, Massachusetts and Vermont. Present address, Plainfield, Vt.

WILLIAM ALLEN COOPER,

Berlin, Vt.
Historian Co. C, 13th Vt. Vols.

Biographical and Historical

OF

CO. c

Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

CIVIL WAR 1861-1865

Dedicated in loving memory of Lieut. William- E. Martin, killed near Petersburg",

Va., July 30, 1864, was at time of death ist Lieut. Co. E,

17th Regiment Vt. Vols.

Biographical and Historical of Company C. 481

THE CONDENSED HISTORY OF COMPANY C,

THERE is no particular occasion for a preface to tlie history of Company C. Tlie
individual mention of each member of this company contains all, and likely
more than should have been said. It is a difficult and embarrassing situation
after the lapse of forty-five years to recall to mind even the names of many of one's com-
pany associates and to write of the comparative merits of this company and its per-
sonal, and be brief and accurate, is no small and easy task. The comrades vfho may
read the company history of Company C must take into consideration that only a
few facts can be recalled to memory at this time, even of the recruiting days, election of
officers and drill before we started for Brattleboro, Vt., to be mustered in as a regiment.
Berlin, Calais, East Montpelier, Marshfield, Plainfleld and Worcester under the call
of August for 300,000, were bound to respond by way of volunteers or submit to a
draft. The situation was canvassed by the selectmen of the several towns and decided
to call public meetings and arrange for recruiting volunteers and in this way avoid
a draft. It was ascertained that a number equal to one full company would be required
to fill the quotas of these towns and therefore the several boards of selectmen as
agents of the town and by the authority of Governor Holbrook, commenced to recruit
a company to join the 13th Regiment to be raised in Chittenden, Franklin, Washing-
ton, Lamoille and Grand Isle couties. The selectmen and others in a few days secured
volunteers for a company to be organized from such as had enrolled from Berlin,
Calais, East Montpelier, Marshfield, Plainfleld and Worcester. There was a very
proper feeling of pride in these towns that a company should be organized and officered
and known as from this group of towns. By mutual agreement and approved of
proper authority a day was fixed and East Montpelier selected to meet and organize
a company, and on the 29th of August, 1862, the volunteers assembled and a company
was organized and called East Montpelier Company. The nucleus of this move and
desire to have a company from this section was the old militia company called the
Lafay«3tte Artillery of Calais. This militia company had sown the seeds of pride and
ambition among the young men and boys and the patriotic citizens which resulted in
the enthusiastic organization of a home company, and all were proud and happy
when the East Montpelier company was fully organized.

Lewis L. Coburn, of East Montpelier, was enthusiastically chosen captain in suit-
able recognition of ability and other important qualifications for such a position. East
Montpelier also furnished more recruits for this company than any other town. George
S. Robinson had been active and was educated at Norwich, and therefore well qualified,
and also from the town of Berlin, that furnished quite a large number of recruits,
hence properly chosen first lieutenant. William E. Martin, coming from Marshfield,
which town furnished almost an equal number to East Montpelier and Berlin, was
chosen second lieutenant. The non commissioned officers were distributed among
the several towns, so as to recognize all, making selections upon consultation with a
view of harmonny and suitable material for the quite important positions. The organi-
zation with very little friction or much disappointment was completed. All could
not be officers, and but few, if any, enlisted because of office. I know that there
. was first class material among the privates of Company C, who served as such to the
end that would have filled with credit and honor any of the official positions if they
had been selected. No bitterness of feeling was manifested because of the selections
made for officers. But little thought or care as to office; nearly all thought of the crisis
that induced them to volunteer instead of office. This company at once commenced
to drill, and make other preparations to leave for the front to take active part in the
impending struggle. It is proper as a matter of history to state that when the officers
of all the companies that had been chosen assembled at Montpelier September 24
to organize the 13th Regiment, some effort was made by the Bast Montpelier Company
to secure recognition for position among the field officers to be chosen. The friends
of Captain Lewis L. Coburn were anxious, and sought to advance him as a candidate
for lieutenant-colonel. It was evident to all that CaiJtain Coburn was in every way
qualified for this position. The officers of the line (and only such had votes) were
together for the first time and acquaintance of course limited, and there was no time
to make a thorough canvass to ascertain the general failing, or if others were seeking
the same position. Captain Coburn was a very modest gentleman and would not
unduly urge promotion. He had been harmoniously chosen captain and was much
attached to the boys who had loyally supported him and was averse to making a
contest for lieutenant-colonel, and especially after he ascertained that Ca])tain Andrew
C. Brown, of the Montpelier and Barre Company, was a cadidate for the same position.
Though East Montpelier Company at the renuest of their captain with good grace
withdrew from urging the advancement of Captain Coburn quite a good number sup-
ported him on the first ballot. Some of the more enthusiastic friends of Captain
Coburn were a little disappointed, and yet it was perhaps just as well.

482 The Thirteenth Regunent Vermont Volunteers

CAPTAIN LEWIS L. COBURN

volunteered from the town of Bast Montpelier in August, 1862, and at the organi-
zation of the East Montpelier Company (so called) was unanimously elected captain
of Company C. A very suitable recognition for so responsible a position. While it
was true there were quite a number among the recruits that were suitable it was
concluded that there was no one so well qualified for captain as Lewis L. Coburn.
He was of proper age and education, and in physical appearance, military bearing
and other important essentials was a model person to take charge of and lead
a company of volunteer Vermont soldiers. He was of more than ordinary ability and
courage and the peer of any captain of the line in the 13th Regiment. He demonstrated
repeatedly the wisdom of his selection as leader. He was careful, cool, deliberate
and determined, out-spoken on all questions of discipline order and the regulation of
all questions concerning the management and welfare of the company and regiment.

It is not too much to say that Company C was as well and as quickly fitted for
the duties required as any in the regiment. Captain Coburn was a good disciplinarian
and at all times commanded the respect of his company. His name was properly
considered at the time of the organization of the 13th Regiment as a suitable person
to be elected Lieutenant-Colonel, and in the humble opinion of the company historian,
would have made good, had he been promoted to the position. Captain Coburn was
of strong convictions and very sensitive and quickly aroused if any apparent slight
or unfair treatment from any source; was at all times on hand and in command of
his company. His conduct from first to last and especially at Gettysburg was highly
creditable. He was alert and led his boys in the several charges with such prowess
as to command admiration and encourage the boys under him. His example was an
inspiration to the noble heroes of Company C. The regimental colors were in loyal
hands not to be taken so long as one lived to defend and protect. With equal ex-
perience could have commanded a regiment as well as any connected with the 13th.

The old boys of the 13th have been deprived of Captain Coburn's fellowship at
our regimental reunions and it has been often spoken of with regret. He has for
many years resided in Chicago and has been a very busy man. We sincerely believe
that he has a kind regard and affectionate remembrance toward all his comrades of
Company C and the 13th Regiment. He gallantly did his part in securing victory
at Gettysburg, which gave to General Stannard's Second Vermont Brigade unstinted
praise and imperishable honor. Captain Coburn has become prominent in his pro-
fession since the Civil War, but what he and his associates did in the charge against
General Pickett's selected thousands was of greater moment and value in saving and
perpetuating the union than all the battles from First Bull Run to Antietam. A
picture of Captain Coburn will be found on page 160 of this book.

FIRST LIEUTENANT GEORGE S. ROBINSON

was a volunteer from the town of Berlin, and took a very active part in raising East
Montpelier Company and was elected first lieutenant at the organization of Company
C. Was educated in the common schools and at Norwich University. He resigned
February 16, 1863, and returned home to Vermont. Having recovered his health he
enlisted as a veteran into the 17th Regiment and counted on the quota of Barre and
for three years or during the war and was elected captain of Company E and witli
this company and regiment went to the front in the spring of 1S64 and took part
in all the battles of his regiment, being quite seriously wovuided in the last one
at Petersburg, Va., April 2nd, 1865. and was mustered out with honor July 14, 1865.
Since the war has been a worthy and respected citizen.

FIRST LIEUTENANT WILLIAM E. MARTIN

volunteered in August, 1862, and counted on the quota of Marshfleld and at the organ-
ization of the East Montpelier Company was elected second lieutenant, and promoted
first lieutenant in same company February 23d, 1863. He served with ability and
credit until discharged with his regiment July 21, 1863. He was a popular officer,
generous and kind, well equipped for the position he held. On the forced march to
Gettysburg was full of courage and cheer and in battle brave and alert every moment.
Re-enlisted as a veteran into the 17th Regiment Vermont Volunteers and was elected
first lieutenant in Company E and at Petersburg Mine, July 30th, 1864, was killed.
This was a sad event indeed that so many brave officers and men killed and wounded
because of a blunder, but so it was many valuable lives offered as a sacrifice on.
account of mistakes. Lieutenant Martin gave promise of a brilliant career in the
army and it was deplorable that death under such circumstances ended his patriotic
ambition to serve his country.

Biographical and Historical of Company C. 483

LIEUTENANT WILLIAM L. BLAKE

was born in Milton, Vt., and counted on the quota of his native town. Volunteered
in August, .1862, and at the organization of Company D, was made orderly sergeant
which position he not only graced, but filled with credit until promoted to second
lieutenant in Company C. A sketch of him likely comes more properly from his own
company and will be found in the company history of Company D, to which reference
Is made. His picture will be found on pages 161 and 224 of this book.

WILLIAM A. COOPER

was born in the town of Worcester, Vt., and volunteered and counted on the quota
of the town of Worcester. Was active in promoting the enlistment of the East Mont-
pelier Company and at the organization was at once made first sergeant and acted
In this capacity with much credit until promoted to a lieutenancy in Company K, Feb-
ruary 25, 1863. And the reader is referred to Company K history for further sketch
of Comrade William A. Cooper see page 404.

SERGEANT SULLIVAN FRENCH GALE

I was born in the town of Plainfield, Vermont, February 11, 1842, and volunteered
In August, 1862, and counted on the quota of my native town. Joined East Mont-
pelier company, so called, and actively took part in the recruiting and organization
of this Company. Lewis L. Cobum was elected captain and the company was now
called Company C. The captain appointed me second sergeant and later when first
Sergeant William A. Cooper was promoted to a lieutenancy, was promoted to first
sergeant, in which position I served until the regiment was discharged July 21, 1863.
Was a student at Barre Academy when the war cloud hovered over our fair country,
working hard for an education. Was young but comprehended the impending disaster.
Books and instruction lost their charm. Duty said volunteer and fight for home and
country first, and education later. With faithful zeal gave at once my attention to
the necessary preparation of becoming a useful soldier in the pending crisis. Was
extremely ignorant of all matters pertaining to the life of a soldier. My position in
the company commanded strict and careful attention that I might properly instruct
and maintain discipline, and in all haste make ready for the march, camp, picket line
and battle at the front, in the vicinity of Washington, D. C. I was only a boy of
20, and hitherto with an ambition only for an education. It was evident that my
country was in deadly peril and it must be saved at any cost of life and treasure.
I was young, active, able-bodied and nothing to hinder my responding to the urgent
call of President Lincoln of August 4 for 300,000 volunteers to serve 9 months. It
was said and all believed, with such an additio'n to our then great army the war
would be over before the end of our term of service. Thence forward it was drill,
study of tactics in manual of arms and military movements in battle. All were raw
recruits fresh from the farm, shop, store and school, sturdy sons of horny handed,
G.od fearing and loyal men and women, born and bred on the hills and in the valleys
of the state they dearly loved, and with pride called home. The second battle of Bull
Run had just been fought and lost, Antietam too, was only an even drawn battle and
General Lee was in the Shenandoah valley menacing Washington. President Lincoln
and his cabinet and generals were extremely anxious for the capitol of the nation
was in danger of capture. In a few brief days we were transferred to Washington
and placed on the outer picket line to do duty as veteran soldiers. Company C boys
were as I recall, large, strong and courageous and not afraid to meet the enemy in
a fight. Our one thought was, save the Union, and to this we freely offered our lives
as a sacrifice. Was mustered in at Brattleboro October 10 and November 10 were
doing duty on the front picket line in Virginia between Mount Vernon and Bull Run
battlefield, taking the places of veteran soldiers. Our officers to be sure (some of them)
had seen service. Naturally felt that Company C was the best in the regiment but
as a matter of fact and pride, all were much alike in the business that at hand. All
seemed to have buckled on the armor determined to meet the foe and die if necessary.
It Is with great satisfaction I call to memory the names of my comrades of Company
C, brave and true, generous and kind. Who would care for better associates, more
sympathetic men ready to stretch forth the hand to assist and serve than these noble
heroes of Company C.

A goodly number of Company C boys proudly and justly, no doubt trace their
descent from those who were associates of Ethan Allen, Seth Warner and Remember
Baker. AH were nuickly made into good soldiers, and the manner in which they dis-
charged their duties in camp, drill, parade, march and especially on the seven days'
march from Camp Carusi, Va., to Pennsylvania, and in the great battle of Gettysburg
demonstrated their fitness for soldiers. They carried the colors on that wonderful
and successful charge against General Pickett's advancing columns and did their part

484 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

in securing victory over General Lee and his brave heroes. The second Vermont
Brigade on this field of fame and glory and in this charge turned the tide of battle
and secured victory. The eagle eye of General Stannard saw the opportunity and the
open space before him, and promptly sent his Vermont Brigade down into the valley
of Plum River against General Pickett's right flank, killing, wounding and capturing
thousands and thus General Lee was vanquished and the awful battle of three days of
desperate fighting ended, and General Mead and the Union army victorious. General
Stannard and the Green Mountain Boys of his command at the close of this eventful
day, July 3d, 1863, had won; not by chance or on account of circumstances, but because
General Stannard and his command were equal to the opportunity before them. Gen-
eral Stannard was an intuitive military genius who saw, comprehended, decided and
acted, and hence the unique orders conceived, uttered and executed, that saved the
day. Comrade Sturtevant in his circular letter as historian invited me to relate
incidents of army lite and give experiences while a soldier and write relative to any
matters of interest while in the service and since the Civil War. Your invitation was
generous and the subject fertile with happy, loving and glorious recollections of the
days when we were following the Stars and Stripes, fighting for the Union. It is em-
barasing to be personal but often proper in matters of history. I have with pride
written of my company comrades in a general way, and what has been written of them
applies to each as if mentioned by name. My old comrades have my love and respect
and the memory of them has been cherished as among the dearest recollections of an
active and public life as a minister of the Gospel of Peace. As a company they
were kind hearted, honest, upright and generous as soldiers, zealous, brave and pat-
riotic. I loved and honored them and have ever been (justly I am certain) proud of
the record they made at Gettysburg. I hesitate to mention my career since the Civil
War and only do so because the historians earnestly request it. I delight to say that
no company of the gallant 13th that at Gettysburg did better and more valiant fighting
than Company C. They carried the colors and took special pride in protecting them
from capture. I was alert and where I could see and hear. The l3th received the order
first, to charge front and forward on first company. This order was first given to the
13th Regiment and then to the 14th and 16th. The 13th was on General Pickett's
flank, first at close range, causing fearful slaughter before the other regiments got
into position. General Stannard and Col. Randall were standing near to each other
when this unique order was born and uttered. Rah! for the gallant 13th. I consider
myself fortunate that I served in Company C and the 13th Regiment, and that I was
at Gettysburg. I returned home as soon as discharged and opened my books where I
closed them at enlistment, graduated from college and was assistant principal at Barre
Academy for two years, then in Theological Seminary, New York three years. In
the Gospel ministry until 1869; superintendent of the Conregational Home Mis-
sionary Society, Florida, since 1883. My calling has necessitated residence in
widely separated places and most of the time outside of my native state. Have
devoted my time and energy to the advancement of Christianity and education.
Am officially connected with several colleges and seminaries and other public insti-
tutions. Was department chaplain G. A. R., Florida, and chaplain of Florida Chapter
of the Sons of the Revolution. I have been a very busy man and with all my might
sought to advance the welfare of my coimtry, and the kingdom of my Father in
Heaven. My dear comrade excuse this disconnected sketch for it is not worthy of
a place in the book of history where you design it. You have full permission to
change it or lay it aside entirely. Circumstances have separated me from my com-
rades of the 13th and thus have been deprived of association and calling to mind the
dear faces of the old days when we marched side by side and with heart to heart
disclosed our hopes and ambitions. The majority of those we served with have
passed on and are at rest and waiting for you and I to join their glorious and increas-
ing ranks. rEV. SULLIVAN FRENCH GALE, D. D.

GENEAOLOGY

Rev. Sullivan French Gale, D. D., born in Plainfield, Vt., Feb. 11, 1842; married
Elizabeth Taylor Felt, born in Temple, N. H., in 1847; their children, Frank Harvey
Gale, married Julia Eugenia McMillan; Elizabeth or Bessie Gale, teacher of piano;
Arthur Sullivan Gale, married Mary Cotton Walker Luke; Louisa Fisk Gale married
George Chester Bedell; Laura Taylor; their grandchildren, Elizabeth and Abble,
Harvey and Robert, children of Frank and Eugenia; Francis Marland, son of Arthur
and May; Chester, son of George and Louise Bedell.

Sullivan French Gale, son of Sullivan Boutwell (and Rhoda Athelia French Gale,)
son of John (and Rebecca Boutwell) Gale, son of Josiah, Jr., (and Elizabeth Rice) Gale,
son of Josiah (and Elizabeth). Josiah made the campaign to Sheflield for the relief
of Fort William Henry, August, 1757, with his brother, Lieut. Isaac Gale. Josiah was
son of Abraham Gale, Jr., (and Rachel Parkhurst) son of Abi-siham (and Sarah
Fiske) son of Richard and Mary Gale, the founders in 1640 In Watertown, Mass., of
the Gale family in America.

Biographical and Historical of Company C. 485

DURHAM A. MARBLE

was first a volunteer in Company F, 1st Regiment Vt. Infantry, and served liis term
of enlistment and received an honorable discharge August 15, 1861. He re-enlisted
as a volunteer in September, 1862, and enrolled in the so called East Montpelier
Company, which on organization, took the letter C, and was appointed by Captain
Coburn 3rd Sergeant and counted on the quota of the town of Berlin, which was
his place of residence. He was 24 years of age in 1862 and understood full well the
situation and importance of serving his country. His patriotism, devotion and stand-
ing secured the quite honorable position of sergeant. He served with credit to himself
and honor to state and nation, and was discharged after serving his full term of enlist-
ment, July 21, 1863. He stood well with all his comrades.

His picture taken in 1896 indicates a man of character and from all that can be
learned of him since the war, has never disgraced the uniform with sergeant's stripes
on the sleeves that he wore during his brave and gallant career as a soldier of the
13th Regiment Vt. Vols. Comrade Marble was living in Putnam, Conn., in 1906.

J. HUDSON KIBBE

was born in Morristown, Vt., April 9th, 1828. He was brought up on a farm and went
to a common country school. When he was twenty-one he came to Leominster, Mass.,
where he was married Oct. 3rd, 1849. We lived there three years and then moved to
Mlarshfield Vt., where we lived when he enlisted the 29th of August, 1862, in Company
C, 13th Regiment, Vermont Infantry, as sergeant under Captain Coburn. They soon
made him company quartermaster. He staid with the company until some time in
December, when he was detailed into the Regimental Band. He was stationed at
Fairfax Court House a great part of the winter of '62 and '63. He was at Grettysburg
at the time of the battle and was detailed to help care for the wounded. He left a
wife and three little boys at home, Eugene H., aged 11 years; Blbridge C, eight years;
and George A., aged six years. He was homesick in the army as were a great many
others. In April while in the army he was quite sick but he would not go to the
hospital. He staid with the band and they did what they could for him until he got
better; was not off duty long. He was mustered out July 21st, 1863, and came home
to Marshfield, where he staid until 1865, when we moved to Worcester, Mass. He
worked for the Bay State Stove Co. five years. This company bought up all the old
ammunition pouches and he found his own initials on one of them. He cut it up and
afterwards was sorry that he hadn't kept it as a souvenir. In 1882 we moved to Etna,
N. H., on a farm. In 1889 our house was burned and a lot of keepsakes destroyed,
among them being his picture taken in the army, so I have but one picture I can
send you which was taken between 1870 and 1875. After the fire we went to Bridge-
port, Conn. December 13th, 1898 we moved to Worcester to his son, Eugene's, where
he remained till his death which occurred December 22nd, 1903. He was a strong
Republican and very much interested in the news of Congress. I would have to read
the news to him every day while Congress was in session. He was not able to read
or write for the whole five years he was sick, and the last two years of his lite
he was confined to his bed. He was buried in Hope Cemetery, Worcester, Mass.

I will send you a picture. I wish I had a later one. I would like a book when
completed. Yours truly,

MRS. J. H. KIBBE,

50 Alvarado Ave., Worcester, Mass.

On page 170 will be found a good picture of Comrade Kibbe.

SERGEANT LORENZO D. CUTLER

volunteered for and counted on the quota of the town of East Montpelier and when
Company C was organized was appointed 5th sergeant, which position he filled with
credit and honor during his term of service. On his return to Brattleboro, Vt., to
be mustered out was obliged to go into the hospital and there died July 24, 1863.
The Gettysburg campaign was too strenuous for his rather delicate constitution . It
is said that he was buried in the Cutler Cemetery, East Montpelier, Vt. He gave up
home, ambition, friends, everything, even life, that his country might not pass away
without accomplishing the ends secured by the heroes of 1776. See page 166 for Sergeant
Cutler's picture.

SERGEANT ELI S. PITKIN

was a native of the town of Marshfield and volunteered and counted on the quota of his
town in August, 1862, and joined the East Montpelier Company commanded by Lewis L.
Coburn. He was on the organization of Company C appointed first corporal and sub-
sequently January 12, 1863, promoted to Sergeant, in which capacity he served until

4^6 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont I 'olunteers

the company and regiment were mustered out July 21, 1863. His age at enlistment
was 34, a vigorous, able-bodied man, well calculated in every respect for a soldier in
time of war. Was on hand and ready at all times to perform his duty to the utmost,
active, zealous and faithful in camp, on the march, picket line, and in battle. He
took rank as among the resolute non-commissioned officers of the regiment. His
manly appearance attracted attention and he was looked upon as a model officer and
soldier. After being discharged he resumed his occupation and continued an upright,
valuable citizen of Vermont until April 1st, 1894. He died in Marshfleld and was there
buried, and is remembered by his old comrades as a brave soldier and a respected
citizen. He was a typical Green Mountain boy and made good the record of Vermont
soldiers on the field of battle at Gettysburg. His death was untimely and his com-
rades sincerely regret that he could not have longer enjoyed the glorious land he
so ardently fought to save from hostile foes of liberty and union. To only a few
mortals is given the privilege of successfully standing in the breach where the weal
or woe of national existence depends on devotion and genuine patriotism. In the
crisis at Gettysburg Sergeant Pitkin and his comrades of the Second Vermont Brigade
met and vanquished General Pickett, making a desperate charge with ten thousand
of the flower of General Lee's mighty army, and won the day and battle and turned
the tide for the cause of the union. Too much cannot be said in praise of such. The
generations of the future will more fully realize and appreciate all that was accom-
plished in saving this land from destruction in the war of 1861-65. A fine picture of
Comrade Pitkin is on page 166.

CORPORAL EDGAR A. KELTON

volunteered in August, 1862, at the age of 19, and enrolled under Capt. Lewis L.
Coburn of Company C. He was born in the town of Calais in 1843. He was made
corporal as soon as the company was organized and later as soon as a vacancy oc-
curred was promoted to sergeant February 28, 1863. This single act was an exhibi-
tion of his good standing and high appreciation with the officers of his company. He
did not disappoint those responsible for his promotion but made good their faith in
him on all occasions. He was an enthusiastic boy and soldier, anxious to discharge
his every duty no matter how exacting and laborious. Few indeed, in Company C that
gave better promise of fulfilling to the letter the required responsibilities and duties
of a soldier in time of war than Sergeant Kelton. His pictures on page 166 of this
book fully justifies unstinted praise for the manner he performed his duty throughout
his strenuous service. He was a sober, thoughtful and careful young man, indicating
observance of moral training and watchful care and love of a devoted Christian
mother and patriotic father. His education was in the district schools of Vermont,
where in those early days boys were not only taught to read, write, spell and cipher
but a code of moral conduct that governed their actions in whatever calling or occu-
pation in life they might be placed in. It need not be mentioned here that he ac-
quitted himself with great credit on the battlefield of Gettysburg. Not one returned
to his home in Vermont more thankful for having served his country, and in the 13th
Regiment Vermont Volunteers.

Comrade Kelton resumed his place for a period in the home he loved, but soon
he was grown up and ready to grapple with the responsibilities of civil life, circum-
stances changed his surroundings and while home, the hills and valleys and streams
were dear, the far West beckoned him to wider fields and greater opportunities to
make for himself a home and reputation, and therefore left the scenes of childhood,
bid good bye to friends and comrades and settled down in the Golden West. He was
living in Portland, Ore., in 1886. The author has not been able to ascertain whether
living or not. His last visit to Vermont was in 1869, and his picture on page 166 was
taken in Oakland, Cal., on that date. Nothing definite has been heard of him of late.
He is supposed to have joined the silent majority some years ago. His manly quali-
ties and comradeship is still green in memory among his surviving associates of
Company C.

CHARLES E. SHEPARD

I was born in Marshfleld, Vt., April 22, 1837. My education was poor and obtained
In the common schools of my native town. I grew up with and like most of the boys
I associated with. Nothing very remarkable In my youthful career prior to my enlist-
ment August 29, 1862. This was the commencement of my hitherto uneventful life.
When the news came of the fall of Fort Sumter by rebel shot in April, 1861, I was a
young man at work at my trade in Marshfleld, making boots and shoes and was the
village cobbler, and my shop was the resort of young and old and the news of the
war was the principal subject we talked about, 1 became interested and awakened
and soon began to believe it my duty to enlist and my thoughts by day and dreams
by night were about the pending conflict between the North and South. My first vote
had been cast for Abraham Lincoln tor president and when he called for volunteers it
appeared to me like a personal invitation to enlist and go and help put down the

Biographical and Historical of Company C. 487

wicked rebellion. My conviction was volunteer and join Uncle Sam's great army and
fight for the right and freedom. M^^ young wife held me back for said she, "You will
never return alive and I cannot let you go." It was indeed hard to leave wife and
home and friends believing it quite probable that I should never see them again.
The battles up to the time I enlisted were all against the Union army and many thous-
ands had been killed and wounded and thousands more had died in the hospitals, and
surely the prospect of returning was doubtful ;and yet my country called and patriotic
devotion said volunteer and help save the life of the government then struggling tor
existence. That parting day when we left for Brattleboro on our way to Washing-
ton was sorrowful and could not and have not forgotten it.

The opportunity came and I signed the roll to go with Lewis L. Coburn, who was
recruiting a company for the 13th Regiment and on organization Lewis L. Coburn was
elected captain of the East Montpelier Company and given the letter of Company C.
It was a fine company and our captain was as good as any captain ever sent from
Vermont. Some of us thought he should have been elected Lieutenant-Colonel when
the regiment was organized, but a majority of the officers thought different and
elected Andrew C. Brown, of Montpelier. He was all right and made a good officer.
I was made third corporal on the organization of the company, but in January when
the 2nd Vermont Brigade Band was organized was on my own request reduced to the
ranks and was then detailed in the band at Fairfax Court House January 12, 1863. I
was taken sick at Union Mills with a fever but soon recovered and joined the band
which I enjoyed much. My wife came to see me six days before we started on the
march in pursuit of General Lee and his army, June 25, 1863. She returned home
and I went to Gettysburg. Here is one incident of army life in camp. Comrade
Woodcock came into camp one day with a pig under his arm. Colonel Randall
saw him and called him to account and asked him if he had forgotten the order about
shooting pigs, and he said no, but this is no pig, but a rabbit. The colonel said "no fool-
ing, and you may report to headquarters immediately." The result was that the colonel
had some of that rabbit for his dinner the next day and asked the cook where he
got that fine pig and ordered him to send for more. This illustrates one side of the
colonel's character and why the boys thought so much of him. I have two children,
Burt M., of Montpelier and Mrs. Geo. F. Bliss, of Marshfleld. Since the Civil War
I have resided in Marshfleld. The majority of the old boys of Company C have re-
sponded to the last tattoo and one by one passed over that silent river into the great
beyond where in a few brief years the last of the immortal heroes that fought at
Gettysburg will join that great army now bivouacked on the Elysian fields of heaven.

CHARLES E. SHEPHARD.
Sept. 24, 1904.

CORPORAL ELI T. MARSH

I was born in Montpelier, Vermont, 1834, and enlisted into the Bast Montpelier
Company C, and on the organization was made corporal, but acted as sergeant with the
color guard much of the time and was on duty all the time except two weeks when in
hospital at Fairfax Court House. A good many were sick at this place and the hos-
pital was full of sick with fever and lung trouble and an officer by the name of Lieut.
Mbrsh was very sick while I was there and a man by the name of Bliss from Company
6, died on the cot next to me — quite a large number died at this camp. Our regiment
moved from this camp January 20, and marched some ten miles and camped at a
place called Wolf Run Shoals. I was glad to go to the Shoals for so many of our
regiment had been sick and quite a number had died. When at Wolf Run Shoals
camp we had many days and nights out on the picket line up and down the Occoquan
River. The Rebs often came down to our line to see what we were doing and who
we were. Bushwhacker Mosby and his gang were out most every night to break
through our picket line somewhere and that kept us on the watch day and night.
Mosby got over a number of times and stole some forage and other stuff that had been
sent to us from Alexandria on the cars, but he was off before we could catch him.
He and his men knew where to go and hide and we did not know w'uere to find them.
We had a hard, cold, long winter here and it was snow, mud and rain and cold
wind and all kinds of weather most all the time in this camp. Most of the boys
were sick and many had measles and here too, some of the boys begun to "itch,"
scratch, and on looking over themselves found body lice on their person and in the
seams of their blouses and shirts and drawers, and it was a hard job to get rid of
them. There was a comrade, an old man of Company K by the name of Sunderland,
that was the washwoman for the regiment and he knew how to fix the busy, crawling
graybacks (as we called them) and so we hired him to wash and kill the graybacks
in our clothing and in this way we were soon rid of them. I was happy to leave the
miserable camp of Wolf Run Shoals for we had a hard time here, many were down
sick; hospital full all the time, and many sick remained in the company tents and
were taken care of by their tentmates. It was now April and the coming of spring
cheered up all. We marched down the Occoquan to our new Camp some 6 miles on

Hie TliirtcaUh Regiment Vermont Volunteers

the 1st and 2nd day of April. It was a lovely place and all about was beautiful and
interesting. It was only about ten miles to Mount Vernon and many of us planned
to go and see the place where President Washington lived, died and was buried. There
were a good many old mansion homes in this section, evidently before the war it was-
Inhabited by the F. F. V. of Old Virginia. Our duty here was still on the outer picket
line. It was now warmer and pleasant and the boys roamed about and had a good
time. We stayed in this camp until June 25, and then we took up the long march
in pursuit of General Lee and his big army. This was a great march, 7 days from
early morning to late night but we reached Gettysburg the first day of the battle
just at night, and though played out and hungry, were ready for a fight. We could
hear the cannonading, and see the smoke long before we reached the field and just
as we arrived on the southwestern side of the battle ground west of Big Round Top we
met wounded soldiers fresh from fighting and they told us what had occurred and
how they had been compelled to retreat. We halted for orders and then marched across,
the Emmitsburg road and up on to Cemetery Hill, where we remained all night, ex-
pecting the enemy any moment. The next day as soon as light the cannon began
to talk and the shell to come over and explode all about. We got behind Cemetery
Hill, but the shell came from different directions so we were hit just the same. In
the afternoon of the second day the Rebs broke our front battle lines and our brigade
was sent on a charge. General Hancock came galloping on his foaming steed and
asked our colonel it he could go down in the valley (pointing in the direction) and
get those guns that the Rebs were hauling off. Colonel Randall looked in the direction
and replied, "Yes sir, here are the boys that are ready to try and will do the job or
die." Then Colonel Randall gave the order, "Forward, double quick, march," and
the way we went down the hill and across the valley with a cheer and yell for the guns.
We did not keep a very straight battle line tor all seemed anxious to get there firsts
Company C boys were all good runners and were in the lead with the flags waving.
About the time we reached the cannon the rebels dropped the cannon. Captain Coburn
was in the lead of our company, Captain Lonergan and his big, tall Irishmen, could not
run as fast as Company C, so we were first at the guns. The Rebs started on the run
just as we got to them; they fired at us a few times and we at them and they skedad-
dled and got behind the fences and houses out of danger and we drew the cannon
back up the hill within our lines. General Hancock came up and thanked Colonel
Randall and said, "That was well done! Give me Vermonters for a charge." Colonel
Randall's horse was shot on this charge but he was soon up at the head, sword in
hand, pointing the way and urging and encouraging the boys on. Who took hold of
the guns first I can't tell for we were all there about the same time. I saw Captains-
Coburn and Lonergan and others at the guns and we drew them back part way up the
hill and turned them over to the cannoneers, to which they belonged and then Colonel

Randall said, "Boys, those fellows are firing at us; we will drive them d Rebels

out of those buildings or kill them — about face charge," and then we went again
and surrounded the buildings and captured some prisoners. Colonel Randall sent
Captain Coburn with his Company along the road south towards the place they called
the Peach Orchard, after more cannon, but when we got there what we supposed was
rebel cannon was caissons that had been hit by our guns and blown up, so we returned
back to our position in the front battle line that the Rebs had broken through when
they captured some of our cannon. It was now almost dark. But this charge was
nothing like the General Picket charge on the next and last day of the fight. I was
acting as sergeant with the color guard and five out of eight of the color guard were
wounded. I had five bullet holes through my clothing and a flesh wound on my
neck that drew blood and that was near enough to satisfy me. Webster Benjamin was
hit and I cut oft the straps to see where and how bad he was wounded. He was hit
in the side and had to be taken off the field to the hospital, but he was up in a few
days so he went home with us and was mustered out. It was a close call for him.
Henry Wakefield and Willard Snow were wounded in this battle. On the 4th of
July I helped bury some of our dead. This was a sad duty, but had to be done. Of
all the sad sights I saw was the battlefield next day after the battle, 20,000 killed and
more than that number wovmded, many of them mortally and died before assistance
could In any way care for them. In many places the dead and seriously wounded lay
side by side, some wore the gray, but the larger part in that part of the field had on
the blue. The bloated corpses and stench and moans of despair and pleadings to be
taken off the field were awful to bear. I have complied with your request, but I guess
it would be just as well to leave it out of the book.

ELI T. MARSH.

CORPORAL NORRIS W. FLINT

was a volunteer from the town of East Montpelier, counted on the quota of his town
and enrolled in Company C and on the organization of the company was made one
of the corporals and served in this capacity until discharge, .Tuly 21, 1863. His age
was 2.5, and in all appearance physically prepared for soldier life. He was a good,.

Biographical and Historical of Company C. 489

faithful man, made good every expected requirement and secured and enjoyed the
confidence of his superior officers and associate comrades. A man of few words, of
upright conduct and ready and willing to do his full duty on all occasions. He made a
good record and returned home at the end of his term of service and again took up
his occupation where he left it when he enlisted. He is supposed to he dead, but no
definite information have we been able to secure of him of late years. We can bear
testimony of his good and valiant conduct while a member of Company C. His
age was 25 at enlistment and was looked up to as one of our company whose example
we were to copy.

CORPORAL SERENO W. GOULD

volunteered August 29, 1862, and counted on the quota of the town of Marshfield,
joined East Montpelier Company and when fully organized was made corporal. His
age was 39, and a robust, well preserved man; just the kind for a military life in time
of war. Evidently endowed with courage, health, endurance that made him an ideal
person for soldier life. He was no brag, nor did he court danger or opportunity to
demonstrate prowess on the battlefield. It was evident from his general appearance
and careful speech he would not run at the sound of the first cannon or retreat until
ordered. He volunteered because his country called and for no other reason. He did
well his part from first to last, making a good record. He lived a number of years
after the close of the war and often referred to his career as a soldier, as the only
act of life worthy of particular mention and this was the pride of his life. He
moved to Medford, Mass., and there died quite a number of years ago and is buried
in the public cemetery. His picture may be seen on page 170.

CORPORAL ROLLIN D. STEWART

enlisted August 29, 1862, and counted on the quota of Berlin, and enrolled in Company
C. His age was 23. After the election of company officers was appointed a corporal,
in which position he served until discharged July 21, 1863. His education was in the
common schools of his native town. He had grown to manhood surrounded by in-
fluences that made him respected, a useful citizen and upright in all his relations to
society. He was just the age for army life and when President Lincoln called for
volunteers he responded cheerfully, willing to serve his country and lose his life
if required. He made a good record and returned home happy that he had volunteered
and served in Company C, 13th Regiment, Vermont Volunteers. He resides in Berlin,
Vt., and his picture is on page 168 of this book.

CORPORAL AZRO A. PLATT

was born in East Montpelier, educated in the common district schools and grew up
to manhood like the most of the boys of Vermont, brought up on a farm. His age
at the time of firing on Fort Sumter was 28, hence fully realized that the country
was in danger and war was sure to come. After due consideration, volunteered into
East Montpelier Company under Captain Coburn and because of age and other good
qualifications was appointed Sth corporal. He was not a natural born soldier, but
still acted well his duty during his term of service. He died at Waterbury, Vt., No-
vember 22nd, 1906, and is buried at Barre, Vt.

CHRISTOPHER H. WAKEFIELD

I was born in Montpelier, Vt., September 3rd, 1838, son of Elias and Relief Eddy
(Ormsby) Wakefield. Enlisted from East Montpelier August 29th, 1862 in Company C
as fifer and on the organization of the regiment at Brattleboro was placed on the
right of drum corps which place was held by me during my term of service. I well
remember our leaving Camp Vermont at 9 p. m., November 25, marching through rain
and mud for "Union Mills, and our return December 5th through a storm of snow and
sleet. The appearance of Camp Vermont that night was anything but pleasant for
camping. Several of us secured lodgings in a negro shanty on tne plantation of Mr.
Johnson near by exchanging coffee for hoecakes which the negroes baked. After a
hearty supper we had a fine night's sleep on the floor. I married Mary E. Warren,
of Middlesex, May 28, 1864; of this union there are three children, all of whom are
living, Fred J., Nora E., and Jennie W. C. H. WAKEFIELD.

Comrade Christopher H. Wakefield resided in Swanton about ten years and there-
fore had an opportunity to know him quite well in civil lite and often talkerl over
the old days when camping and marching and doing duty on the picket line between
Bull Run Battlefield and the Potomac river. He was a fine musician and good car-
penter and joiner, of good habits, a genial disposition, a quiet, peacable and reliable
citizen. His only daughter married the only son of Hon. Henry A. Burt, of Swanton,
and is now living in the town of Pickerel, Neb., as the widow of H. A. Burt, Jr.

490 i he Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

Comrade Wakefield died in Montpelier Vt, 190.. His brother, W.

H. H. Wakefield, of Company C, died May 3, 1905. They freely offered their lives for
the preservation of the Union. All honor to these brave sons of the Republic. May
the generations that shall dwell in our beloved state emulate the patriotism of her
brave sons that volunteered at Country's urgent call to fight the battles of the Union.
For pictures of Christopher see page 168. R. O. S., Edt.

WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON WAKEFIELD

He was born in the East part of Montpelier, Vt., In the Morse neighborhood, so
called. May 24, 1840. He was a son of Elias and Relief Eddy (Ormsbee) Wakefield.
His education was in the old district school. He remained at home until he volun-
teered in August, 1862. There was to him no place like home. He was a good musi-
cian and belonged to the regimental drum corps. He served his country in two regi-
ments, the 13th, Company C, and the 17th Company E. He was once wounded in the
ankle by a bursting shell. Comrade Wakefield was born the same year of General
Harrison's election as President and hence was as boy and man called "Tip." He
resided in Montpelier for many years but failing health compelled him to seek out-
door work. Was a first class painter and was employed in the cab shop. He bought
a farm on Gould Hill and sought health on account of diseases contracted in the service.
He was twice married. His first wife was Elizabeth Ripley of Middlesex and one
son was born to them, Dr. L. C. Wakefield who died suddenly May 24, 1904. His
second wife was Emelia Jones, to whom he was married about 30 years ago. Com-
rade Wakefield was very much liked by his old comrades in arms. He has gone to his
reward and is missed by all who knew him. And thus it is, one by one the boys that
fought for home and country are rapidly passing away. Comrade W. H. H. Wakefield
died May 3rd, 1905, and buried in Green Mountain Cemetery, Montpelier, Vt. See
page 170 for pictures of Comrade Wakefield.

JOSEPH B. SILLOWAY

was born in Berlin, Vt., in 1835 and to the occupation of a farmer. Educated in the
old district school where opportunity was poor and schools generally in the winter
season. Volunteered in August, 1862, and counted on the quota of Berlin, and joined
Captain Lewis L. Coburn's company designated as Company C. He was made wagoner
and hence with the wagon train bringing rations to the regiment and drew tents, etc.,
when the regiment moved from place to place. It was anything but a pleasant job.
Might as well be hit by a cannon ball as kicked by a mule. Comrade Silloway held
down his job rendering faithful and satisfactory service. Was mustered out with the
regiment July 21, 1863. He resumed his place on his return and never forgot his
comrade teamsters. He died July 4, 1893, at Montpelier, and was buried in his native
town, Berlin. See page 206 for engraving.

HENRY R. AUSTIN

was one of the noble volunteers from the town of Berlin, Vt., and counted on the quota
for that town. He was at the date of enlistment, August 29, 1862, 19 years old and a
vigorous, active, vivacious youth, handsome and robust, just the kind of boys from
%vhich to make the very best of brave soldiers in active warfare. He was likely, more
scholarly and refined than others of his company. Was diligent to acquire the pre-
liminary information that would fit him for the duties necessary to make him useful.
Never found fault and was prompt and willing to take his place for duty when called.
It is said, and true it is, not one of the fellows of Captain Coburn's Company C was
more popular and deserving than Comrade Austin. In camp, on the picket line, on
the march, and in battle fulfilled every expectation. His good behavior reflected care-
ful training and instruction at home and hence was not inclined to do some things
under the license of being a soldier. He served his full term with credit and was
discharged without a stain or mark against his soldier character, returning to ciivl
life as clean and upright as on the day he left his home to battle for his country.
Since the war has been an industrious man, respected by neighbors and acquaintance?,
kind and generous, living always as if responsible to his Creator for his conduct during
his sojourn on earth. The latch string of his modest home hangs invitingly on the
outside especially to his old comrades of Company C, and the old 13th Regiment Ver-
mont Volunteers. He moved out West quite a number of yerrs ago, and now resides
in Forest Grove, Oregon. It any doubt as to what is here said look on page 212 for
his pictures.

WILLARD M. AUSTIN

enrolled August 29, 1862, as a member of Company C and was present at organiza-
tion of the East Montpelier Company. His age was 32, counted on the quota of Marsh-
field and at once commenced to drill and make ready for leaving home for the seat

Biographical and Historical of Compan\ C. 491

of war. No one more able-bodied and physically qualified for soldierly life in active
campaigning than this bold volunteer from Marshfleld; was of proper age and in-
clination and m every way equipped for the arduous duties of marching and nglitins
and he proved to be active, useful, on hand and ready for duty night or day, picket
line, or march, raid or battle. The sound of cannon and rattle of musketry the Rebel
yell and bayonet charge did not frighten him beyond control or hinder courageous
manly duty on the field of battle. He served his term with credit and was mustered
out with an enviable record as a soldier from the Green Mountain State His present
post office address is Plainfield, Vt. His picture may be seen on page 192 of this book.

GEORGE C. BAILEY

Agreeable to the notice of the historian of the 13th Regiment, Vermont Volunteers
Infantry, that "assistance of each and every survivor is earnestly requested," will say
that I was born in Berlin, Vt., April, 1842. My father was a farmer and my work
previous to enlisting, except when in school, was helping him coax a living for him-
self and family, from a very unproductive hill farm. Enlisted at Berlin Corners in
August, 1862, to help fill the quota of my town for nine months and served as private
of Company C. Prior to enlistment I had never been 40 miles from home and the
many scenes of army life made a lasting impression upon my youthful brain. I never
was homesick an hour, and couldn't understand how a man of mature years could
lie down and die, as some did in Company C, of pure homesickness, no disease what-
ever. Par abler pens will record the marches, sojournings, etc., of the regiment
and the part it took in the battle of Gettysburg is history already written. I will say
that I was in employ of "Uncle Sam" as clerk in the forage department. Army of the
Potomac, after my discharge till the end of the war. In the fall of '65 I came West
and have lived in Illinois and Iowa most of the time since. My life so far has passed
without any incident of moment or interest to any one outside of my family which
consists of my wife and five children. I belong to the great middle class, who are
neither very rich nor very poor, except the last few years have spent most of my time
behind a counter, as manager of store for non-resident owner, have lived in this city,
Lanmark, 111., part of 19 years, and a member of Shiloh Post No. 85, Department
of Illinois, G. A. R.

I visited the "old folks at home" twice since I came West in '65, and nothing
would have given me more pleasure than to have been one of the many wandering Ver-
monters who returned to the "scenes of their childhood" last summr and enjoyed the
"Old Home Week" and "Freedom of State," so kindly tendered by Governor Stickney.
I can hardly realize that 40 years have elapsed since those "stirring times," that "tried
men's souls," and yet the constant reminder (rheumatism pains) that I am not young
any longer, warns me that another decade and I will reach the allotted age of man.

GEORGE C. BAILEY.
JOSHUA MERRILL BAILEY

was one of the patriotic, stalwart, young men that willingly enlisted from the town
of Berlin, August 18, 1862, anxious to serve his country in defense of Old Glory and
the Union. He was just 21 when enrolled in Captain Lewis L. Coburn's Company C.
Naturally enthusiastic gladly accepted the opportunity to assist in the suppression of
the Rebellion and save the land that gave him birth from passing away because the
hot heads of the Southern States could not extend and perpetuate human slavery
and dominate and control the affairs of the general government. Young Bailey was
quite a student and more than an average among his associates in education and fore-
saw the end of freedom unless the Rebellion was put down and peace established in
accordance with President Lincoln's platform as set forth in his inaugural address.
Slavery and freedom both could not long live side bj' side, and if the arbitrament of
the sword must be invoked to settle so grave and important a question; the time was
ripe and better not be longer deferred. This raw recruit from the hills and valleys
of his much loved and adored state had breathed the pure air of liberty inherited
from the heroes of 1776, and gallantly went forth that he might do his part in defence
of the Union of states. Though young and modest and reserved, he acted well his part
as a soldier, faithfully discharging every duty in camp, on the picket line, march and
in battle. He served his full term and was mustered out July 21, 1863 with a record
that his relatives and comrades have reason to be proud of. It is sad indeed that
such cannot live to enjoy the blessings of the land bought at so great a cost. Our
dear comrade passed away and joined the silent majority January 20, 1899, and once
a year on each recurring Memorial Day his sorrowing comrades and patriotic citizens
assemble in the city of the dead. Bast Hill Cemetery, Barre, Vt., and scatter the
flowers of spring and raise the stars and stripes above where sleeps this noble volun-
teer. Would you see this young hero as he looked as a soldier and just before his
death, turn to page 184 of this book.

492 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

JEROME E. BALLOU

was a native born Vermonter inheriting his full share of that kind of love of home
and native land that actuated the Green Mountain Boys of old to fight for liberty and
freedom. Hardly had the awful news of firing on Fort Sumter been read at the fire
eides of the loyal homes in Vermont before this hero of 20 had volunteered Into Com-
pany F, Second Vermont Regiment, Under Captain Francis V. Randall. Though young
was appointed by Captain Randall as a sergeant which was the best indication of his
fitness for a soldier and officer. In thirty days from muster in wus desperately fighting
in the battle of First Bull Run. The campaign of the summer and fall was too strenu-
ous for his constitution and he was taken sick, sent to a hospital and discharged for
disability February 23rd, 1862. He returned home, recovered hts health and again
volunteered into Company C, of the 13th Vermont Regiment, commanded by F. V.
Randall, who was his captain in Company F, 2nd Vermont. He was brave and fear-
less and determined to fight for his country regardless of danger, of diseases and
battle. He was initiated on the plains of Manassas July 21, 1861, and experienced the
scenes attending that deplorable battle and yet when health restored as freely volun-
teered again to fight for the Union. He who has once passed through one great battle
and freely volunteers again is entitled to be called a hero. And unless brave, useless
as a soldier. He served his full term and was mustered out July 21, 1863, with a
good record. After the war he went West and died in Cincinnati, Ohio, January 24,
1875; was brought home and buried in Green Mount Cemetery, Montpelier, Vt.

LUCIUS H. BARRETT

was a volunteer from the town of East Montpelier, enlisted September 1st, 1862, and
mustered into the army at Brattleboro, Vt., October 10, 1862. He joined Company C,
and served with credit until discharged July 21, 1863. Was a good soldier, genial and
full of life and ready for duty at all times. Was brave and faithful and devoted,
obedient to discipline and cheerfully responded to every call. Was alert on the
picket line and courageous under fire. Was a fine looking soldier boy and every
thing about him was neat and tidy. He now resides at West Derby, N. H., and is a
substantial citizen. His comrades in Vermont have not known much of him of late.
See page 202 for his pictures.

HARVEY BATCHELDER

was from the town of Marshfield, Vt., volunteered in August at the age of 25, and
enrolled in Company C. Was mustered into the United States service October 10,
1862, and on the next day left with his regiment for the front to take part in the pend-
ing conflict. He was a quiet man of few words, obedient and courteous, ready and
willing to fulfill every required duty. Was able to do duty most of the time and as a
soldier made a good record. Evidently in the ranks because of conviction of duty to
do his part in suppressing the pending revolt against President Lincoln's adminis-
tration. He remained until his term of service expired and then returned home, re-
sumed his former occupation, leading a quiet life and ever proud of the fact that he
answered the call and enlisted and served as a soldier and fought for the preservation
of the Union. He was born in 1837 and died in 1876, January 13th, a young man, the
life of a soldier, no doubt, led to a premature death. None could pass through a cam-
paign like Gettysburg and live as long. He ever expressed pride that he responded
to country's call and performed his duty. He is buried In the Bowles Cemetery, Plain-
field, Vt.

BENJAMIN BUSZELL BENJAMIN

was one of the loyal volunteers from the town of Marshfield, enlisted Augu.^t 29, 1862,
and united with Company C. He was a married man and well along in years and
yet a vigorous, active, robust man, fairly well fitted for trying and exacting and dan-
gerous duties of a soldier at the front where raids and battles at this date were almost
an every day occurrence. He seemed impressed with the idea that duty to town,
state and nation had made a personal call, and though past 37, and with wife and
children depending on his daily toil. President Lincoln had made an urgent call
for troops and he was in duty bound to make the sacrifice of home, loved ones, am-
bition and all future plans of life that the land that gave him birth might not be
destroyed by a rebellious foe that slavery might be the chief cornerstone of a govern-
ment sought to be established by the hot heads and leaders of the Southern side. He
was a quiet and faithful soldier, attentive to duty always respectfully obedient, ready
for duty, regardless of exposure or danger. He was one of the reliable men of Com-
pany C and shared the confidence of the officers to the end that in the hour of battle
he would be found in the battle line fearlessly and cooly discharging the duties he vol-
unteered to perform. Comrade Benjamin fulfilled the expectation of his officers and

Biographical and Historical of Company C. 493

comrades and served with credit and honor to the end and was mustered out and
returned to his home and family thankful he had responded to country's call and
helped to save the day on the gory fields of Gettysburg. Since the war he has been
a farmer, and conducted himself so as to have won the good opinion of his friends
and acquaintances and was tor years a happy man, surrounded with children and
grandchildren. He died respected and will long be remembered because he was one
of the noble heroes of this grand and mighty republic. Comrade Benjamin died Sep-
tember 12, 1894. See page 188 for his pictures.

SAMUEL W. BENJAMIN

I was born in the town of Berlin, Washington County, Vermont, May 1st, 1842.
My boyhood days were like most of the boys brought up on the hill farms of my
native town; attended district school when I could and worked when I could not
avoid it. I was just 19 when Fort Sumter fell and my young manhood was aroused
and at once began to think, read and consider what I ought to do. There was only
one subject, the all absorbing topic of the war around every fire side and when two
or more met at the post office, country store, church, on the roads leading to Mont-
pelier, and in fact all seemed anxious as to consequences as my father and most of
the neighbors thought that President Lincoln's proclamation for 75,000 volunteers would
put down the rebellion and restore order in less than 90 days. Those who responded
to President Lincoln's first call were of the organized militia of the state and such
only seemed to be called. I was young and knew nothing about the requirements of
a soldier. After the battle of First Bull Run and the success of the Rebel army I
began to see that serious war was at hand and many would be needed to save the
Union from destruction. During the first year of the war my patriotism said volunteer
and go, so at the first opportunity, August 21, 1862, I enlisted and joined Company
C, 13th Regiment, Vermont Volunteers, and after a few days of drill went with my
company to Brattleboro, Vermont, and was mustered in as a full fledged soldier and
started for Washington. I was proud that I was a soldier and glad to do all I
could to help put down the Rebellion. As I recall I was only an average soldier, but
performed my duty as well as I could in camp, on the picket line, the march, and in
battle. Our regiment after we left Washington crossed Long Bridge into Virginia
and was placed on the front picket line and called upon at once for the strenuous duties
of veteran soldiers. We were drilled and prepared for encounter with the enemy as
rapidly as possible as there was danger of a battle any day. We moved often during
the fall and early winter of 1862, camping down on wet and frozen ground for days
without tents or other protection from rain and snow. Many were sick and sent to
the hospital and some died. We soon realized that the life of a soldier during an
active campaign in northern Virginia in the winter time was severe and active duty,
which only the more hardy and robust could endure. I recollect the old camps and
what occurred at them very well, some of them we loved and some we hated. The
hospitals at Camp Fairfax Court House and Wolf Run Shoals were filled with the
sick and many of our comrades died from fever, measles and the diseases Incident
to army life. Camp Vermont and Widow Violet were delightful and much enjoyed.
Winter was over and General Hooker and General Lee were down on the banks of
the Rappahannock preparing for battle and all along the line there was indications of
an active spring campaign and the better informed seemed to believe our brigade would
have plenty of fighting before their time expired. The timid were down cast but
nearly all were thoughtful and courageous and ready to meet the foe at any time. I
remember that eventful 25th day of June, 1863, when in early morning we bid good
bye to our lovely camp on the banks of the Occoquan and commenced that seven days'
march up the valley of the Potomac towards Maryland in pursuit of General Lee and
his great army of Northern Virginia. We met him and his veterans at Gettysburg,
July 1st, 1863. That march, and all that pertained to it, is still fresh in memory. And
the battle too, and its mighty struggle, carnage and slaughter, the awful scenes on
the battlefield, the sound of cannon, explosion of caisson and bursting of shell, the
roar of musketry, the screeching shrapnel and hissing ball, the stifling air, surcharged
with powder, smoke, grape and canister, the rebel yell, the clash of arms, the moan-
ing of the wounded and dying, the dreadful charge we made against General Pickett's
advancing columns, the hand to hand struggle, the numerous dead all about us, all
still indelibly fixed in memory, I have special reason to recall General Pickett's
famous charge and how Colonel Randall led us out against the coming foe, for it was
in this charge just after we returned to position that I was wounded by an iron ball from
an exploded shell in the right side of spinal column, supposed at the time to be mortal.
Was taken from the field and placed in a barn, which was used as a hospital. Re-
mained there six hours, examined by the surgeons and they ordered me sent to Balti-
more for surgical treatment. Rode all the way on top of a freight car lying face down
and did not arrive in Baltimore until the next day about eleven o'clock. Was taken
to the Soldiers' Relief and remained until the next day and then sent forward to
Philadelphia. Remained over one day and was sent forward to New York City and

494 i'hi^ Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

placed in a hospital and here remained until about the 12th, the day our regiment ar-
rived on their way home, and there joined my regiment and went with them to Brat-
tleboro, and was placed in the hospital where I remained until July 21, and was mus-
tered out with the regiment and went home to Berlin. Was not able to walk but was
anxious to go home and with the assistance of my dear comrades reached home
thankful that I was not numbered with the dead on the gory field of Gettysburg. The
ball remained in my side until August 30, 1899, and it was a source of pain and dis-
ability for over thirty-six years. It was taken out 8% inches below the place where
it entered my body. It was indeed a close call, but it was in the service of my
country in a glorious cause and I am satisfied.

SAMUEL W. BENJAMIN.

WILLIAM BLAIR

was the youngest recruit that volunteered into the East Montpelier Company, being
only just 17 at the date of enlistment, as appears on the printed reports of P. T. Wash-
burn, Adjutant and Assistant General of Vermont. Others may have been younger for
as a matter of fact some of the young fellows thought that unless they gave their
ages 18, would not be accepted, and such were anxious to join Uncle Sam's army and
fight for the Union. Young Blair was an enthusiastic boy, on hand at all times, night
or day, march, camp guard, police duty, drill, on the picket line, any duty he responded
to cheerfully and did his best every time. Served his full term and was discharged
at Brattleboro, Vt., July 21, 1863.. He made a good record, never disgraced his uni-
form or failed of duty. He was one of the youthful heroes that stood in the line ot
battle and with manly courage faced the belching cannon in that sanguinary struggle
for right and victory, of such were the gallant volunteers of Colonel Randall's Green
Mountain Boys. Our dear comrade answered the final call January 7, 1873, and is
buried in the Catholic cemetery at Montpelier, Vt. On pages 192 and 220 of this boofe
will be seen the pictures ot William Blair.

CHARLES H. CARSON

enrolled into the Bast Montpelier Company August 29, 1862, under Captain Lewis L.
Coburn and counted on the quota of that town. He at once commenced to drill and
being young and quick to learn was ready for muster into the service when the regi-
ment arrived at Brattleboro, Vt., September 29. He was a stalwart, robust young
man of 20 summers and iu every way well calculated for the life of a soldier. It is
said of him that in battle he was cool, brave and in the front battle line regardless
of shot and shell, and flred his gun with steady aim and as often as the Uest. Was
a good, faithful soldier and evidently well born and properly brought up. Vvas a
patriotic young man and glad for an opportunity to take share and part in defense of
home and country. He made a good record and was mustered out with his regiment
July 21, 1863, and returned to the hills and valleys and streams he loved so dearly.
But this valiant soldier was not satisfied to resume the duties ot civil life while there
was yet need of volunteers, and hence he volunteered again as a veteran and joined
Company E of the 17th Vermont and was made 1st corporal by Captain George S. Rob-
inson, his 1st lieutenant in old Company C of the Bully 13th. He was killed on the
second day of the battle of the Wilderness May 6, 1864, a noble sacrifice to the cause
he loved most dearly. It was no idle curiosity that prompted him to volunteer as a
veteran for he knew and fully realized the arduous duties of the battlefield.

JAMES S. CASWELL

was from the town of Worcester and It is said here he was born in the year 1843. He
volunteered in August, 1862, at the age of 19, and enrolled with Company C. Was
mustered into the U. S. service with his company and regiment, October 10, 1862, and
out at the expiration of his term of service, July 21, 1863. He was a very lively
young man, full of life and ambition, anxious to see and know and do his full duty.
Was an enthusiastic patriot, who had of his own volition enlisted to do what he could
to save the Union. Never shrank from any duty or manifested any regret that he
was carrying a gun as a common sOldier. He was a most excellent representation of
the kind and character of the young boys that made up Company C. Captain Coburn
was justly proud, as he might well have been of the boys of his company. James was
found in his place, brave and active in the fight at Gettysburg. He was wounded, but
not seriously. He fulfilled the expectations of his officers and comrades and did him-
self credit in the desperate charge against General Pickett's veteran heroes down in
the valley of Plum Run. Because of such, victory was inscribed on our banners at
Gettysburg. The reader is invited to see page 216 as illustrating all that is said of
this brave soldier.

Biographical and Historical of Company C. 495

MARTIN L. CHANDLER

was from Marshfield and Joined the East Montpelier Company August 29 1862 Mus-
tered into the United States army at Brattleboro, Vt., October 10 and started for
Washington, to take share and part in the pending conflict on October 11 and went
into Camp on East Capitol Hill on the 14, there drilled for a few days and then crossed
Long Bridge into Old Virginia October 30, on the way to the front line for picket duty
Comrade Chandler was of the age of 28, and ripe and well fitted physically and men-
tally for soldier life, the camp, march, drill, picket line and battle was ever ready
and on hand to perform his every duty. He was a manly, brave soldier, and never
complained when hard tack was wormy and rations short and duty hard and dangerous
Was a soldier of convictions and forgot not the lessons of propriety because a vol-
unteer. His part was manfully done and returned to his home with a reputation of
well done. He counted on the quota of Marshfield, Vt. Served out his full term and
was mustered out with the regiment July 21, 1863. He now resides in Middlesex, Vt.
See page 192 for his pictures.

DON B. CILLEY

was from the town of Berlin, Vt., and volunteered and enrolled into Company C Septem-
ber 5, 1862. His age was 21 and very well prepared in size and health, fortitude, courage
and patriotism to be one of Colonel Randall's Green Mountain Boys. He sustained and
made a good record as a soldier and returned to his native hills, streams and valleys
proud of his share in securing victory over General Lee's great army at Gettysburg.
But after being mustered out the fire of patriotism still remained in his heart and on
the 16th of August, 1S64, again volunteered and Joined Company C of the 9th Regi-
ment as a recruit tor one year. Was mustered out June 13, 1865, after the close of
the war. His regiment took part in the battle of Chapin's farm, Va., September 29,
1864, Pair Oaks, Va., October 27, 1864, and the Pall of Richmond, Va., April 3rd, 1865.
Comrade Cilley must have been happy indeed because at the fall of Richmond and a
soldier when General Lee surrendered at Appomattox. He returned home and resumed
his former occupation. A pastime in civil life has been hunting bears that infest
the hills of his native county. He has captured many and won a reputation as a
successful bear hunter. Comrade Cilley still lives in Berlin and enjoys the reputation
of a valiant soldier and bear hunter.

JAMES CLARK

was a born soldier and at what appeared the first opportunity volunteered August 29,
1862 and Joined East Montpelier Company, and counted on the quota of Marshfield,
Vt. His age at this date was 41. His attention, fitness and performance of duty,
secured to him a promotion as corporal February 28, 1863. He was a strong, robust
person with courage, prowess and endurance for the most arduous campaigning.
Was perfectly adapted to the strenuous life of march and battle. Not one better
equipped in Company C or the 13th Regiment. He remained at home a few days but
was restless and anxious to return to the front and on the 14th day of September
again volunteered and enrolled into Company E, 17th Vermont Regiment, under Captain
George S. Robinson, who was first lieutenant in Company C, 13th Regiment and was
appointed one of the Sergeants, which position he filled with credit to himself and
approbation of his officers and associates. Was wounded at Spotsylvania Court House
May 12, 1864, and killed in action July 30, 1864, at Petersburg Mine, Va., a brave soldier
who loved his country better than life, gave up all freely that the land that gave him
birth might still be the home of the free.

He was at home in all the duties connected with soldiering, seemed to enjoy the
picket line by night and the raids in pursuit of bushwhackers by day. None more
alert and cautious and thence a valuable and model soldier. Long marches and pros-
pect of battle stimulated his desire for a fight. He claimed that he enlisted to fight
and was anxious to have one good chance before being discharged. His comrades of
Company C all know that shot and shell, charge and rebel yell did not hinder the
best and most dashing conduct during the battle of Gettysburg. His example, so
fearless and cool braced up the more timid in the line of battle. His officers com-
plimented his undaunted spirit and push in the charge against General Pickett's brave
boys of many victorious battles. He was duly mustered out with his regiment and
returned home exultant because of record made by the 13th Regiment. If you want
to see a typical Green Mountain Boy of the glorious 13th See page 214 of this book.

CHARLES C. COLBURN

One of the brave boys that volunteered from the town of Calais on the 29th of
August, 1862, and counted on the quota of his native town at the age of 33 in the full
bloom of early manhood. Joined Company C, 13th Regiment Vermont Volunteers.

49^ The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

He and his twin brother enlisted into this company, but which is the oldest, cannot
tell, for was not present when born. I am not sure which is which, if I am writing
up Charles C. or Curtis C, but the pictures of them will disclose the true situation.
Soldier life was too arduous for Charles and he was taken sick and died January 26,
1863. See page 186.

CURTIS C. COLBURN

volunteered from the town of Calais August 29, 1862 into Company C, and counted on
the quota of his native town, and was at this date 33, in the very prime of life for a
serviceable soldier. His twin brother, Charles enrolled at the same time into the same
company. I was told that Curtis was born first, therefore older, but cannot vouch
for this report. They evidently were twins for were much alike in person, manner,
and general make up. Both were good soldiers. Curtis met manfully every reauirement
cheerfully, discharged every duty and shrank not from exposure, drill, picket duty or
battle. The raid of General J. E. B. Stuart on Fairfax Court House December 28,
1862, in the dead of night was so unexpected and sudden that Comrade Curtis was
just a Uttle timid when up in the rifle pits waiting for the approaching cavalry coming
up the pike 4,000 strong, as it was claimed. But when the music of our cannon ana
rattle of musketry rang out the welcome invitation to come on, we were ready and
when he heard the familiar voice of Colonel Randall as he came riding in was cool,
brave, and ready for a fight. This fight was our initiation and the boys made good their
fitness for a fight any time, spot or place, night or day.

Curtis was a married man and left a happy home, wife and children that he
might serve his country in its hour of extreme peril. He served his full term man-
fully and well, making a record which was a credit to his town and state, and of
which he might justly feel proud. He was discharged with his regiment July 21, 1863,
and returned to wife and family and resumed the occupation of civil life and has lived
an honorable, peaceful life, ever happy that he served his country, and in the old
13th commanded by that fearless, intrepid leader. Col. Francis Voltaire Randall. The
latch string of his modest home hangs out and the old boys are more than welcome.
If you would see the picture of a brave soldier see page 1S8.

CLARK D. CRESSY

was born in Berlin, Vt., in 1849, volunteered August 29, 1862 and counted on the quota
of his native town and enrolled into Captain Lewis L. Coburn's Company C. Was a
bright, active young man, and stood first class at home. Educated in the old
district schools and obtained a fine common school education considering the sur-
roundings and opportunities of the town in which he lived. He had been well brought
up under the advice of a kind father and loving mother. Was not as robust as some
and the expense and hardship of active duty undermined his rather delicate constitu-
tion and yet he served his full time and returned with a good name as a soldier. His
health was never good after his return from the war. He died in 1864 in Berlin, and
is buried in West Berlin cemetery. He is not forgotten for on each recurring Me-
morial Day his surviving comrades of Berlin and patriotic citizens scatter the flowers
of spring over his grave and raise the flag he loved so well above his resting place
as tokens of gratitude and respect tor one who gave up all tor his country. A
picture will be seen on page 204.

JOHN KIMBALL CROSS

I was born in Montpelier, Vermont, December 17, 1844, but enlisted from the
town of Berlin. Was the son of Jonas Parker and Phebe Cross. I was brought up on
a farm and taught by my father how to do all kinds of farm work. I attended school
winters and falls and worked on the farm summers and at the time of my enlistment
had acquired an average common school education as well as a fair knowledge of
farming. As soon as the war cloud appeared above Fort Sumter I was uneasy and
began to wish that 1 could be a soldier. There was nothing in the papers except news
of war down in the Southern States. Everybody was up in arms about the firing on Fort
Sumter and the wicked and foolish conduct of the rebels trying to secede and break
up the Union. I was young and knew but little about war or the causes that led
to it. My father and all of his neighbors were outspoken for President Lincoln and
stood strong for him, and the course he had adopted, and favored war rather than sur-
render principle. I listened and read the newspapers, attended war meetings and very
soon decided to enlist if I had a chance. From the way my father and mother talked I
believed they would give their consent though I was not 21. It was about the 29th
day of August, I was in the field mowing oats, a young man called to me from the road
and soon came over where I was and asked me if I did not want to enlist and go to
war. His name was George S. Robinson, of Berlin. I was quite well acquainted with
him and thought him a good fellow to go in a company with to the war. I at once

Biographical and Historical of Company C. 497

said I was ready to sign the paper and would go if my father and mother would con-
sent. They said, "Yes, go if you want to and do the best you can." I dropped the
scythe, signed the roll and the next day went to East Montpelier, where we organized
into a company called Company C. Lewis L. Cobum was elected captain, and my
townsman and friend, George S. Robinson, first lieutenant, and William E. Martin
second lieutenant. Here we drilled every day for three weeks and about the last of
September started for Brattleboro to be mustered into the United States army and
go to Washington to help guard the city from capture. We were mustered in Oc-
tober 10 and on the next day started for the seat of war. We took the cars at Brat-
tleboro, arriving at New Haven, Conn., in the night and went on board of a steam-
boat and reached New York City the next morning in good season. None of the boys
had slept much for it was all new and were all anxious to see the sights. We crossed
over into Jersey City when we were told that a good breakfast would be served up
in good style. It was awful and we never forgot it and never wanted any more olf
the same kind. Those who served it called it soup, but the boys called it swill. It
was served in the streets out of dirty looking barrels poured into our coffee cups hot
and steaming. It did not taste or smell good and no one could tell what it was. We
called it Jersey soup and the taste and smell we never forgot. We ate but little
and threw it away. On our arrival at Philadelphia we were given a grand spread
and a fine place to sit down and eat, and we did ample justice to the generous dinner
set before us. We reached Baltimore in the night; the streets were dark, gloomy and
slippery, and some of us were timid, for rumor said the city was full of rebels and
fhey might shoot and kill at any time. We reached Washington the next day at
night. We were marched about a mile east of the capitol building and a green flat
of ground to camp on. After the regiment crossed over Long Bridge into Virginia
the first night we camped at a place we called Camp Seward, some ten miles from Wash-
ington, we received new orders and then marched to Alexandria, crossed Hunting Creek
and camped down on the low, fiat ground for the night and on the next day marched
a mile or more south and located in the woods on a hill near a large spring, and this
was a beautiful location, and we named it Camp Vermont. Here we did picket duty
and worked on Fort Lyon. The boys did not take kindly to the shovel and pick and
said they did not enlist to build mud forts; our regiment was not a success at fort
building. We now belonged to the defences of Washington and remained on the
picket line near Washington until sometime in June, 1863. I well remember the
march we made in mud and snow in the night to Fairfax Court House called "Ran-
dall's Raid." The day before Thanksgiving being anxious to have a chicken pie went
out among the nearby farmers and tried to buy some chickens but none were sold, but
the next day a number of good sized chicken pies were served up in good old Vermont
style, and we were satisfied, but the natives were mad and came to camp, but no one had
seen or heard of chickens though feathers in plenty could be seen about camp. The most
of these nearby farmers were rebels and we had but little respect for them or their
chickens. We had a hard time on the picket line during the winter and suffered
from cold and storm. Many were sick and quite a large number died before spring.
As soon as spring opened we began to prepare for battle, for it was evident that Gen-
eral Hooker was about to cross the Rappahannock and strike for Richmond but Gen-
eral Lee, always alert was on the south bank watching and waiting and making every
preparation to give General Hooker a warm reception, if any attempt made to capture
Richmond. About the time we started on the march for Gettysburg I was detailed
to guard the wagon train, and therefore was in rear of the marching army. There
were no thrilling events in my soldier life. X was mustered out with the regiment,
remained in Vermont a short time, and then went to Clinton, Mass., where I have
lived for some 38 years, being employed as an overseer in a woolen mill. I married
in September, 1868, Sarah Elizabeth Soumby, and we had three children, Dr. Albert
E., born August 23, 1872, and now resides in Worcester, Mass.; Edward M., born
February 20, 1876, now residing in Cambridge, Mass.; and also Mildred, born December
21, 1890, and now living at home. I have ever been proud because I volunteered to
serve my country at a very critical time and very thankful because I joined Colonel
Randall's regiment. It was a good regiment and did good fighting at Gettysburg.

JOHN K. CROSS, Company C.

P. S. Dear Comrade Sturtevant: — Excuse this rambling sketch; I have compiled
with your request as best I can. Our army days were many years ago. I have lived
away from my comrades and have forgotten most of the funny incidents of my army
life. Use this or throw it aside as you may judge best and I shall be satisfied J. K. C.
See page 172 for pictures of Comrade Cross. Bdt.

SAMUEL OROZIER

was from the town of Berlin, and volunteered in August, 1862, and joined East Mont-
pelier Company. His age at this time was 30. A ripe age for a soldier, but his phy-
sical constitution was not equal to the arduous life and exposure necessary during an

498 ihe Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

active campaign. He was discharged February 20, 1863. He is reported as having
died quite a number of years ago but just when and where cannot say. He at least
showed his anxiety and solicitude for the preservation of the land that gave him
birth.

HORACE P. DARLING

was born in the town of Elmore, Vt., January 28, 1840; educated in the common
schools of Vermont and at the age of 22 volunteered into. Capt. Lewis L. Coburn's
company, called Company C on the 1st day of September, 1862, and from enlistment
to muster out at Brattleboro, Vt., July 21, 1863, was always with his company . partici-
pating in all its duties, hardships, marches, picket duty, drills and raids and battles.
Was of the right age, 22, for a soldier. His physical and mental qualifications were
all right for the duties required at the front at this time of active warfare. The
company record shows that Comrade Darling was on hand for duty at all times, not
a mark against him; a clean record, which (act goes to show he was a good, faithful
soldier. He returned home to Vermont with an enviable character as a brave vol-
unteer. He counted on the quota of Worcester and, at enlistment, was a resident
of that town. He returned and lived in Worcester, and on April 3rd, 1903, responded
to the final call and joined the silent majority. He is buried in the village cemetery
of Worcester. Pictures of this comrade will be found on page 109.

CHARLES A. DAVIS

volunteered from the town of Marshfleld and counted on its quota August 29, 1862, and
joined Company C. His age at this time was 18, so he claimed, but he looked
younger and yet was well developed in body and mind, and likely gave the correct
date of birth, 1844. He was a fine looking and appearing young man, straight as an
arrow, with a happy and cheerful disposition. Seemed to be thankful for an oppor-
tunity to serve his country in the then pending conflict. He was obedient, courteous
and ready for duty at all times and performed it willingly. Made a clean record as
a soldier and returned home with the compliment of well done. He was brave and
true. He lived only a few years after the close of the war, but while he did live
was exceedingly proud of the fact that he served his country in Company C, 13th
Regiment Vermont Volunteers, in time of peril. It is sad to think he could not have
lived longer to realize more fully what he helped to save — a mighty and glorious
republic. He died March 28, 1870, in the town of Marshfleld, and his remains are
at rest in the village cemetery. His comrades at least once a year pay homage to
this dead hero of the republic. May he never be forgotten. His pictures will be
found on page 200.

ALEXANDER DINGWALL

passed his active life in Montpelier. He died December 5, 1903, at his home in East Mont-
pelier, where ho had resided more than thirty years, was born in Worcester May 21,
1837, his parents being among the earliest settlers of that town. In 1861 he married
Maiy R., daughter of N. H. Dodge, who survives him. He leaves one son, Cortez A.,
who resides at home, and a daughter, Inez B., of this city, also two brothers, Daniel of
Worcester, and Thomas, who is at Cape Nome, Alaska.

He served as a private in Company C, Thirteenth Vermont Infantry, and was in
the battle of Gettysburg where he received an injury which with a lung trouble also
contracted in the service, was the cause of his long illness and death. During the
years of his active life he was well known in this city where he followed the occupa-
tion of a carpenter and a builder. He was industrious, honest, frugal and persevering,
a man of strong convictions and unyielding purpose, kind hearted and faithful in all
the relations of life. He will long be missed by a wide circle of friends. The funeral
was held Tuesday, Rev. L. K. Willman offlciating and F. H. Carpenter having charge.
The bearers were his three brothers-in-law and son. As the delegation from Brooks
Post, G. A. R., of which he was a member, placed their floral offering upon the casket
and filed sadly past, all felt that the time was not far distant when there will be a
"reunion" where parting is unknown.

SARGENT R. EMERSON

was from the town of Orange, Vermont, and for some reason, came to Washington
County and joined the East Montpelier Company, and he counted, however, on the
town of Orange. He enrolled in Company C as a recruit. His age at this date was
34. He was the only man from the town of Orange in this company, but he was all
right and entirely acceptable. Was a good man and a good soldier and continued
with the regiment during its term of service. Comrade Emerson entered the service-

Biograpliical and Historical of Company C. 499

again and joined Company E, ITtli Vermont Regiment, and tooii the position of wag-
oner, a quite responsible place. He was mustered in on his last enlistment March
3rd, 1864, and discharged July 14, 1865, and is now residing at Barre, Vt. On page
198 will be seen a picture of Comrade Emerson taken in 1897.

RUFUSH. FARE

I was born in Woodbury, Vt., March 21, 1839, attended the old district schools
and succeeded in becoming fairly good in reading, spelling, writing and in arithmetic,
also in geography and grammar. When old enough worked on a farm and attended
school summers and winters until about 20 years old. Our schools were good and a
large number of grown up boys and girls made our school days useful and happy.
The spelling and singing schools and exhibitions were prominent features during the
winter. I look back to my school days with pleasure and recall my school mates in
loving remembrance. They are scattered and a majority have passed on. I was of
suitable age when the first hostile gun was fired at Port Sumter and very soon com-
menced to consider if the calls for volunteers referred to me. When the call for
300,000 nine months' men was made I at once enrolled on the quota of
Marshfleld, August 20, 1862, and joined Company C. We organized at
Bast Montpelier and here drilled four or five weeks in preparation for
soldier duties. We left for Brattleboro, Vt., to be mustered Into the army
September 29th, and on the 10th of October, as a regiment was mustered In
and started for Washington on the 11th, arriving there the 13th and on the 14th went
into camp on East Capitol Hill, a dirty, dusty part of the city, with hogs running
about at will. It was now the principal camp ground for soldiers arriving each day,
here to be drilled, inspected and organized into brigades and assigned to divisions and
corps. We had a number of parades and passed in review before Generals Banks,
Casey and others. Here we were organized into the Second Vermont Brigade and in
a day or two marched over the Potomac River on Long Bridge into Virginia, passed
just on our right General Lee's old home In the direction of Falls Church and Chantilly
some ten miles, and halted for the night and named this place Camp Seward. Re-
mained two days and took up the line of march in the direction of Alexandria passing
through that dingy, dirty, quaint old city, though then surrounded with cotton tents,
the homes of many thousands of soldiers and the city filled with military life and
activity in hasty preparation for the defence of Washington; crossed Hunting Creek
and halted on the elevated timber land about two miles south of the city overlooking
the Potomac and its low, flat bank from Washington to Mount Vernon. This was a
beautiful place, cultivated lands, and hills covered with pine, oak and laurel, remind-
ing us of the green hills that surrounded our homes far away, and we named this
place Camp Vermont. Here our life and duty as soldiers really commenced. We were
placed on the front picket line. At Camp Vermont was detailed as cook for a number
of officers and continued as such until we pitched our tents at Fairfax Court House;
then returned to my company. Was taken sick out on the picket line near Centreville
and sent to the hospital and had a run of lung fever. Recovered and joined the regi-
ment at Wolf Run Shoals. This was a desolate, lonely spot on the banks of upper
Occoquan, and here we suffered mostly with cold, duties on the picket line were ardu-
ous, and many were sick, and there was necessity for vigilance. Mosby and his bush-
whackers were frequent visitors along our line compelling us to be alert night and
day. We left this camp about April 1st, and marched down the Occoquan River some
eight miles to a lovely place we named Camp Widow Violet, It was near spring in
Virginia everything teemed with life, the fragrant and bracing air in gentle breezes
from the Southland animated our thoughts and bodies, and restored our hopes, re-
newed our courage, and we soon began to look forward for the spring campaign and
impending battle and hoped for victory, and then peace, and home. We remained
here till June 25th, and then took up the line of march that lasted seven days, reach-
ing Gettysburg on the first day of the battle. On the second day we charged and
recaptured cannon and took some prisoners. Colonel Randall took the lead on the
run, his horse had been shot on the charge and his foot and leg caught in the fall, but
the boys rolled off the horse and our Colonel, undaunted, hatless, with sword point-
ing to the cannon, said, "Come on boys, I am all right." Colonel Randall, after we
secured the cannon, sent Captain Coburn with his company along the Emmitsburg road
to take what appeared to be a battery, but turned out to be caissons that had been
"blown up by our guns. The Rebels must have thought we were marching within
their line for not a shot was fired at us. The last day of the battle was awful, grand
and glorious. We met General Pickett in the valley and slew many of his valiant
officers and we captured many prisoners, and here the battle ended and the victory
won by the Green Mountain Boys of the Second Vermont Brigade. We after the battle
on the 6th of July started in pursuit of General Lee and his much disappointed army.
Marched over the Catoctin Mountain into Antietam Valley, Maryland, and on the 10th
■our term of service ended, we marched back over the mountain to Frederick City

500 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

and Monocacy Junction and took the cars for Baltimore on our way to Brattleboro
to be mustered out and then for home, dear home.

Since my soldier life I have been a farmer, comparatively successful and happy,
though of late my health has not been good and could do but little. I am thankful
that I volunteered and served my country in Company C, 13th Vermont Volunteers.
I am proud of the record we made and though a humble private shall leave a record
more valuable and lasting than riches or honor in civil life. The latch string of my
humble home hangs out to my comrades, especially of the old 13th. M.ay the survivors
live long and die happy, respected and in the hope of a glorious reunion ou the im-
mortal fields of Heaven.

I was married to Almira H. Wood, August 21, 1862, who was born in Fairlee, Vt.,
September 18, 1838. Two very important events in my life, enlisted for nine months
to serve my country as a soldier on the 20th of August, 1862, and on the very next day
enlisted for life and solemnly promised to love, honor and care for until death should
part us, into the happy army of conjugal bliss and joy. The fruit of this union was
one daughter born in Northfleld, Vt., November 16, 1865, and we named her Alice D.
My wife died in Cabot, March 14th, 1869. Was again married November 30th, 1869, to
Jennie M. Wood, of Rutland, Vt., who was born in Orange, Vt., April 10, 1842. The fruit
of this marriage was five children, namely Teresa A., May 22nd, 1873; Annie S., in
Glover, Vt., 1876; Clinton R., born in Hardwick, Vt., July 22, 1878; Ryle H. was born In
Hardwick, Vt., March 19, 1883. My wife, Jennie M. Farr died January 16, 1892. In
1894 I married Miss E. Bean and we are now living in Northfleld, Vermont, happy and
contented. My father, Hycomus Farr, was born in Newbury, Vt., August 18, 1808.
a captain in the Revolutionary War, and his old flint lock, just as it was flint on, is still
a precious heirloom which hangs on the wall and seems to remind me of patriotic
devotion and ancestral glory of the fathers of our country.

RUFUS H. FARR, Northfleld, Vt.

MILAN L. FROST

was one of the brave boys that volunteered from the town of Worcester on the 29th
day of September, 1862, and counted on the quota of that town; joined East Montpelier
Company commanded by Captain Lewis L. Coburn. He was young, only 19, as the
company record shows, but surely looked and appeared much younger. It may be
that he was fearful he would not be permitted to go if age given under 18, cases of
this kind being common at this period of recruiting. This young man was anxious
to fight for his country and was happy when he reached the front and was given duty
on the picket line. His devotion, obedience and attention to duty commanded respect
and gave promise of usefulness as a soldier. The arduous duties of march and picket
line, sleeping on the damp, cold ground, often without shelter, was too much for his
delicate constitution and he was taken sick at Camp Fairfax Court House and died
March 6, 1863. His body was sent home and buried in the village cemetery of Worces-
ter, Vt. He freely gave his lite for his country. May his patriotic devotion never be
forgotten. His picture will be seen on page 204.

VICTOR GENAIT

was from East Montpelier and volunteered in August, 1862, at the age of 21. En-
rolled in Company C, and was mustered into the United States army and out with
his regiment, the 13th Vermont. It is presumed he was a good soldier, because of a
clean record made while a member of Company C. He was from a fighting race of
people and likely did his duty in whatever place called upon to fill. Not able to give
definite information whether living or dead, nothing of late heard about him.

CEESMON HANCOCK

volunteered from the town of Worcester, Vt., August 29, 1862, and counted on the
quota of that town and joined Bast Montpelier Company, commanded by Captain
Lewis L. Coburn. He was a patriot of the old school and ever had been hostile to
the institution of slavery that disgraced his country and now was an opportunity to
not only fight for the country that gave him birth, but for the destruction of slavery.
And though 50 years old was determined and devoted his life, if needs be. In the
service of its defence for right and liberty. Was the oldest man in Company C, but
he was equal to the duties and discharged them as well as the best. It is no wonder
that he was patriotic and loved home and country, for he was born during the War
of 1812-14, and likely was patriotic before his birth. He was an old man in years
at this time but he asked no favors, and was on hand at all times ready for duty.
One only needs to see his picture at this date and since to confirm my opinion namely,
that a prospect of a battle alarmed him no more than a dress parade. He served his
full term and was mustered out and returned home, but the battle of Gettysburg,

Biographical and Historical of Company C. 501

though the turning one did not end the war and our aged and enthusiastic comrade
lelt impelled to volunteer again and did, into Company I of the 11th Vermont Volun-
teers, December 3rd, 1863, and remained in the service until the mighty army of Gen-
eral Lee surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox, April 9, 1865. His devotion to
principle and country was of the Ethan Allen quality. He remained steadfast until
the foe was subdued and the stars and stripes again fluttered in the breeze above the
ruins of Fort Sumter. He was discharged July 17, 1865, by reason of the end of the
war. He returned home and quietly resumed his place in society and lived and died
a respected citizen. He died at Berlin, Vt., February 1st, 1891, and was buried in the
village cemetery of Worcester, Vt. Because of the patriotic devotion of this dead
hero of the Republic, and those like him, a mighty and glorious land is still the in-
heritance of the patriots of 1776. Turn to page 204 and you will be convinced of the
truthfulness of all that has been said in praise of my esteemed comrade, Cresmon
Hancock.

HORACE L. HILL

volunteered from the town of East Montpelier August 29, 1862, and joined Company C,
at the age of 21. He was a clean, nice looking and appearing young man with a good
character. Evidently well born and brought up. His ambition was satisfied when
mustered into the army to fight for the preservation of the Union. He made a good
soldier and returned home with an enviable record on the march and in battle. Young
men made good soldiers and were as brave and valiant as any. This youthful hero of
1863 is now the old man of three score and ten, but still thankful that he volunteered
when his country was assailed and in danger of being overthrown. May my dear
Comrade Hill live many years to enjoy this glorious land he faced the belching cannon
and the bayonet charge in the valley of Plum Run, Gettysburg, to save. See page 220
for the pictures of one of Company C's valiant heroes in General Pickett's charge July
3rd, 1863. His descendants will ever read with pride the record made and honor won.

WILLIAM H. ROWLAND

volunteered from the town of Bast Montpelier, August 29, 1862, at the age of 22, and
joined Company C. All of the boys of Bast Montpelier were made of the right kind
of clay that quickly developed into first class soldiers. Their opportunities for an
education were better than the average. They were intelligent and well informed as
to the war and what was expected of them as soldiers. Young Howland in age and
all other qualifications was adapted to the calling of a fighting soldier. He met every
requirement and faithfully served out his term and was discharged with his regiment,
July 21, 1863, and returned home but could not be content so long as the war was
still pending. He re-enlisted as a veteran September 14, 1863, into Company E, 17th
Vermont Regiment and went again to the front in the spring of 1864. Was mortally
wounded in the battle of the Wilderness M|ay 6 and died May 10, 1864. Many of this
regiment were killed and wounded in these battles of the 5th, 6th and 7th of May.
Comrade Howland was a true son of Vermont and a brave soldier or he would not
have re-enlisted. His picture may be seen on page 216.

DAVID HUNTINGTON

voluntered from the town of Marshfleld and counted on its quota on the 29th of August,
1862; joined Company C, serving the full term and was mustered out July 21, 1863.
His age at the date of enlistment was 28. He returned and resumed his place in
society and has ever been a good and respectable, law abiding citizen. The one act
of life to which he often refers with pride was that of a soldier for his country when
it was in peril. His residence in Plainfield, Vt. His picture will be found on page 178.

GEORGE S. LAWRENCE

was one of the Middlesex brave volunteers that enrolled on September 15, 1862, and
joined Company C. His age at this date was 22. He was a robust, fine appearing
young man and by his officers and associates considered well fitted for the arduous
duties of a soldier in active warfare. He served with credit and returned with honor
and heroism in battle. His patriotic heart led him to enlist into the Second Vermont
Regiment in the summer of 1864 and became a member of Company D, where he dis-
played unusual bravery in the battle of Cedar Creek, October 19, 1864, and Peters-
burg, Va., March 25, 1865, in both of which battles he was wounded, and in one quite
seriously. Was discharged July 19, 1865. He returned home after the war with a record
that demonstrated he was one of the valiant sons of the Green Mountain State. He
died April 29, 1892, at Middlesex, Vt., and was buried in the Lewis cemetery of that

502 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

town. His comrades and acquaintances were ever proud of him as a soldier and
citizen, and sincerely mourn his loss and sympathize with relatives and friends. His
death was too soon for only 50. For one who had served so well it is a pity that^
he could not have enjoyed the blessings of victory longer. It is not for us to reason
why not. His pictures will be seen on page 186.

WILLIAM E. LAWSON

son of William and Eliza (Marshal) Lawson, was born in East Montpelier, Vt., April
11, 1841; died at Montpelier, October 21, 1904. He enlisted in Company C, 13th Regi-
ment Vermont Volunteers, August 2-6, 1862, receiving his discharge at Brattleboro,
July 21, 1863, having served as private during the regiment's term of service. At the
time of his enlistment he was 22 years of age, stood six feet one and three-quarters
inches In height and had followed the occupation of farmer. His mortal remains now
rest in the family lot in the Cutler cemetery in his native town..

February 26, 1868, at Barre, Vt., Mr. Lawson was married to Miss Sarah M. Dodge,
eldest daughter of Robert and Alma C. Dodge, of East Montpelier, who survives him.
Mr. and Mrs. Lawson never had any children. He was a charter member of Brooks
Post No. 13, G. A. R., of Montpelier, holding offices up to and including Senior Vice
Commander, and a member of Vermont Lodge No. 2, and Thomas Wildey Encampment
No. 11, I. O. O. F. "Ed" Lawson, as he was known among "the boys," to the day of
his departure from this life like many of his associates was fond of foraging, rarely
missed an opportunity to add a toothsome bit to the regvilar bill of fare. It is told
of him that on one occasion while at Union Mills he was in search of poultry. Geese
were scarce — and shy. Somehow "Ed" discovered a small flock in a farm 3'ard, but
as the owner was friendly to the Union cause, orders had been given not to molest
them. "But if I should be passing and one of those geese should chase me into camp,
no harm would come to me?" "Certainly not," said Captain Coburn, than whom no
better man ever commanded a company. Late that afternoon "Ed" bethought himself
of the days when he caught bull frogs in Sodom pond, and having a fish hook he
secured it to one end of a small but exceedingly stout fish line, and baiting the hook
with a kernel of corn he cast it among the flock of geese. An instant later a big|
white gander had swallowed the hook. Just as "Ed" started to leave the premises, his
web-footed game following a few feet behind with outstretched neck, the good woman
of the house appeared upon the scene shouting, "Don't be afraid of that old gander,
young man; he always chases strangers out of the yard, but he won't bite you." That
evening "the goose that chased 'Ed' Lawson into camp" was served "a la Virginia."

Respectfuly submitted, P. C. DODGE,

(Brother of Mrs. W. E. Lawson.)
His pictvire will be seen on page 174.

ROCK LEMWIN

volunteered from the town of Plainfleld, Vermont in August. 1862, and at once joined
Company C. His age at this time was 42, and though well along in years was a robust,
vigorous looking and appearing man and calculated for the hardship and danger
attending the life of a soldier during active warfare. He did in fact make good in
the service on all occasions, and returned home with a good record. The war was
not over and Comrade Lemwin still was anxious and again volunteered October 2nd,
1863, and joined Company E. 17th Vt. Vols., as a veteran. Mustered out on the 3rd
day of March, 1S64, and died of disease March 7, 1864. These dates are from the
Revised Roster of Vermont Volunteers.

WILLIAM HENEY LEWIS

I was born and bred in East Montpelier and from that town volunteered on the 29th
day of August, 1862, and joined Company C, 13th Vermont Volunteers. I did not have
a very good chance for an education and like many other boys did not improve the
opportunity as I should. I was at the district school which was good. The date of
my birth was August 20, 1843 ard hence just 19 when I enlisted My father was a
farmer and as a boy followed that occupation. I was pretty fresh at the time of enlist-
ment and knew nothing about the duties of a soldier but was quite willing and anxious
to go and do my part. I was healthy and strong and from all I could learn thought it
a duty to volunteer and help put down the wicked war. My father and mother were
willing and I left for Brattleboro with my company to be mustered in with a light
heart, throbbing for a fight with those Southern chaps who were trying to destroy
the Union and establish slavery. Though soldier life was hard at times and we suffered
much in the late fall and early winter of 1862, from storm and cold, wet weather and
plenty of snow, 1 never saw a day that I regretted my enlistment.' Company C was

Biographical and Historical of Company C. 503

made up of a fine lot of boys and our officers were number one and notwithstanding
the strenuous life of a soldier we had many happy occasions. Camp life was all right
as a rule. Picket duty, building forts, midnight marches in mud and rain was hard,
but seldom any of Company C complained. Captain Cobum was always on hand and
was ever kind, and anxious for the welfare and happiness of his boys. We thought
him the best captain in the line, and surely was a brave soldier and knew and per-
formed his duties on all occasions as well as any. Captain Coburn, Lieutenants Robin-
son and Martin were as fine looking and appearing as could be found in our regiment.
We were the company that carried the colors on all occasions and we believed we
could guard and protect them better than any other company in our regiment. I was
detailed at Camp Fairfax Court House and sent out as special guard at the farm
house of a Mr. Fox, said to be a Union man. I remained there six weeks and then
joined my company in camp at Wolf Run Shoals. This duty of special guard was
not to my liking for it was watching our boys to prevent any one taking any property
that belonged to Mr. Fox. I suppose my experience in the Gettysburg campaign and
our journey home to Vermont was similar to that of the other boys and I presume you
have plenty of incidents of the battle by those who can tell of the final struggle far
better than myself. I re-enlisted into Company M, First Regiment, Frontier Cavalry,
January, 1864, and was discharged June 27, 1865. Nothing to mention in this last ser-
vice only had a good time. The name of my wife is Addie P. Lewis, and we have
one son, Ernest H. Lewis.

WILLIAM HENRY LEWIS,
12 Adams St., Worcester, Mass.
See page 172 for his pictures. His.

ABRAHAM LEZER

volunteered August 29, 1862, and joined the East Montpelier Company, commanded by
Captain Lewis L. Coburn. His age was 44, an able bodied, strong, vigorous man,
just the kind and make up to meet every requirement of army life during an active
campaign, but the camping on cold wet ground in the open and marching in mud,
snow and rain soon undermined his strong constitution and was sent to the hospital
where he died March 16, 1863, He was sent home by his comrades and was buried in
the Catholic cemetery, Montpelier, Vermont His picture will be seen on page 214.

OLIVER LUCIER

was born as it is said in the town of Berlin, Vermont, and volunteered in August, 1862,
at the age of 21; joined Company C, 13th Vermont Volunteers, and was mustered in
and out of the United States service with his, the 13th Vermont Regiment. His age
build, character and general make up well fitted him for a soldier, and he had courage,
devotion and pride and with all was not afraid to meet the enemy in any spot, night
or day. These requisites he had and therefore was a valiant soldier and fought well
at every opportunity. It is said he died quite a number of years ago, but when and
where cannot ascertain.

HENRY H. MARTIN

volunteered from the town of East Montpelier and counted on its quota, on the 29th
of August, 1862; joined Company C and served his full term and was mustered out
July 21, 1863. His age at enlistment was 20, and of a prepossessing looking and ap-
pearing young man. Was a bright, active and well behaved young fellow as carried
a gun in Company C. Was intelligent, generous and kind and on hand for duty at all
times. He seemed to enjoy the life of the army and the duties of camp, march and
picket which were cheerfully accepted and performed. Never found fault and responded
when called. He was wounded in the battle of Gettysburg and on this field he exhibited
those elements of character that helped to win honor and fame for himself and the
nation. Turn to page 196 and you will see the pictures of a valiant soldier and fine
looking and respectable Vermonter. The 13th Vermont Regimental Association are
proud of all such.

HENRY A. MILES

was one of the enthusiastic volunteers from the town of Berlin. His age was 20 and
joined Company C. He was of fair complexion, and rather of a jovial disposition, in
fact a good looking young man. He was a good soldier on hand at all times for duty
or fun. A raid outside the picket line was a delight and generally returned with some-
thing found among the natives near by — bought of course with a promise to pay as
soon as the paymaster came. He endured the hardships and enjoyed the pleasures of
army life day and night as they came. He was wounded in the battle of Gettysbdrg
July 3rd, 1863, was mustered out and with his regiment July 21, 1863, returned home

.504 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

and settled down to business. He died April 16, 1881, and was buried in the village
Cemetery at Worcester, Vt. His picture will be found on page 180.

LUCIUS D. NUTE

enrolled from the town of Marshfield August 29, 1862 and Joined East Montpelier
Company commanded by Captain Lewis L. Coburn. He was an enthusiastic volunteer
anxious to go to the seat of war and fight for the preservation of the Union. He
was well equipped physically and mentally for the arduous duties of a soldier in ac-
tive warfare. Had plenty of courage and had fully consecrated his life to the cause
of defending old glory before he enlisted. His associates from Marshfield, Berlin, East
Montpelier, Worcester and Plainfleld was a jolly brave set of men and boys that had
volunteered because invited by old Abe as they called him, to come down to Wash-
ington and defend his home, the capitol city of the nation and punish those who sought
to destroy the mighty republic established by the patriots of 1776. Were happy to go
under Colonel Francis V. Randall, who had shown himself a fearless and competent
leader and fighter in the first battle of Bull Run. Our Comrade Nute was one of these
and he made a fine record and returned home to "Vermont thankful that he had ac-
complished a little towards satisfying those gallant followers of General Lee that
Vermonters were as brave and fearless as any that had ever been born. See page 196
for the pictures of Comrade Nute.

ALANSON NYE

I was born in Plainfleld, Vermont, April 27, 1840. My grandfather was Joseph
Nye, who came to Plainfleld from New Bedford, Mass. In Plainfleld he was a man of
some Influence, representing the town in the state legislature for six years when rep-
sentatives were chosen yearly. His sons were George, Gerry and Vinal, the latter
being my father. My mother was Betsy Crocksford, who was of Scotch descent. I
enlisted from East Montpelier August 18, 1862 in Company C, 13th Vermont Volun-
teers, leaving the plough to take up arms; was discharged in July 1863, coming back
to the tilling of the soil, which occupation I have ever since followed. I was married
in North Montpelier to Maria J. Town, of Montpelier, February 18, 1869. I owned a
farm in Plainfield which I sold, lived a year in Bast Montpelier, and in 1872 bought
& farm in Calais on which we resided for over thirty years, when I sold, and we moved
to East Montpelier, where we now live. Of our comrades Francis F. Stoddard lives
near me, William Ormsbee died some years ago and lies buried in the Cutler cemetery
in East Montpelier. He left a widow who has since married, and a daughter, now Mrs.
Burt Witham, of Calais. Alexander Dingwall died in December, 1903 in East Mont-
pelier Center, where his wife, Mrs. R. D. Dingwall, and son, Cortez A., still reside.
Their address is Montpelier, R. F. D. His daughter, Miss Inez B., is employed in Mont-
pelier, Mr. Dingwall is buried in the Cutler cemetery. I could fill a book with remini-
.icences of that year's experience as a soldier, and hardly know what to choose to
relate in this brief attempt. When we reached Gettysburg battlefield, the Cavalry
had fought over the ground and pressed on to Cemetery Hill. We were tired with
our long march the last day of which had covered perhaps 20 miles. I was wounded
in the leg but did not know it until I tried to move with my comrades, when I found
myself unable to get along, and looking down, saw my boot leg torn to pieces. Then I lay
down behind the breastworks, we had hastily thrown up, and from there fired four
rounds. Two generals rode up, and one of them asked me why I was not with my
regiment, I replied, "I am wounded. General, but I mean to do what I can here. As
the close of the hot day drew near I was terribly thirsty, and hobbled towards the old
barn on the hill, improvised as a hospital, near which was a well. On the way I
heard a strange, loud noise like nothing I never heard before or since. I dropped to
the ground; it passed on as it seemed. I arose and sought the cause. I found a horse
which a man was leading with its head shot off, and upon examination found the
missle to be a piece of railroad track which had been fired from a cannon. It was
embedded in the ground where it finally struck. I went back and informed the Colonel
who said, "If they're shooting railroad track, they're about out of ammunition, and
will need a new supply to keep up the fight." While in the hospital I was able to
help alleviate the sufferings of those who were more seriously wounded than myself,
working certain hours, and when not thus employed, was able to go outside and look
over the battlefield. Time and space will prevent me from writing more, but I have
a mental store house where are many incidents interesting to myself of those war
days and war comrades. I re-enlisted in the 17th but was thrown out by the exam-
ining surgeon. ALANSON NYE.

See page 132 for his pictures.

Biographical and Historical of Companv C. 505.

HOSEA B. ORMSBEE

enlisted August 29, 1862, from the town of Bast Montpelier, and joined Company C at
the age of 22, and was the older of two brothers in the same company. He seemly
was a good soldier and on hand at all times for duty for was promoted to Corporal
January 12, 1863. He served his term of enlistment and was mustered out July 21, 1863.
He was a brave, dashing, courageous soldier and did himself proud in battle, flinching
not a bit when facing General Pickett's charging thousands in the valley of Plum Run,
Gettysburg, July 3rd, 1863. Any soldier, even if the hero of a hundred battles might
have hesitated in the crisis of this charge when crossing bayonets. The scenes were
awful and carnage great. But the Second Vermont Brigade led by General Stannard
was too much for General Pickett, destroyed his command, killing hundreds and cap-
turing hundreds more. See page 206 for his picture.

WILLIAM H. ORMSBEE

volunteered from the town of East Montpelier and counted on the quota for that town
August 29, 1862, and united with Company 0. His age was 18. Though 4 years younger
than his brother, Hosea, of the same company, was as brave and alert and ready for
duty night or day as he and no doubt rendered acceptable service. He stood the test
and returned home and was mustered out with his regiment July 21, 1863. The war
was still raging and this young hero was eager to try again so volunteered in February,

1864, and in Company E, of the 17th Regiment, under his First Lieutenant George S.
Robinson, now captain of Company B, was promoted to corporal for bravery in battle
and in this regiment experienced many hardly contested battles, namely, "Wilderness,
Spotsylvania Court House, North Anna, Totopotamoy, Bethesda Church, Cold Harbor,
Petersburg and Petersburg Mine, Weldon Railroad. Poplar Springs and Hutchins Run
and against Petersburg April 2nd, just before General Lee's surrender. It was fight
from the Wilderness May 5th, 1864, to Petersburg, April 2, 1865, all the time. This
regiment, the 17th, likely saw more desperate fighting from May, 1864, to April 2nd,

1865, than any other Vermont regiment in the same space of time. Comrade Ormsbee
returned to his home with a record as good as any from Vermont. He died November
3rd, 1883 and, was buried in the Cutler cemetery, East Montpelier, Vt.. The picture
of this gallant hero will be found on page 178.

GEORGE E. PIERCE

volunteered August 29, 1862, and counted on the quota of East Montpelier and joined
Company C. Served his full term and was mustered out with his regiment at Brat-
tleboro July 21, ,1863. His age at enrollment was 25. He was a substantial citizen
and a man of upright conduct. He was well born and taught the difference between
right and wrong. He served his country as a duty, anxious to defend and preserve.
Was a good soldier and acted well his part on all occasions made a good record and re-
turned thankful that he had volunteered and joined Company C and the 13th Regiment.
He died at Cady's Palls, Morristown, Vt., April 10, 1896, and was buried at Elmore,
Vt. A picture of him appears on page 214.

SAMUEL PRATT

was a volunteer from the town of Worcester and enrolled in Company C under Captain
Lewis L. Coburn on the 29th of August, 1862. His age at this date was 31. Comrade
Pratt, like nearly all from Worcester was a substantial citizen and keenly realized that
it was a duty to respond for the army in order to put down the wicked rebellion. He
was wounded in the battle of Gettysburg July 3, 1863, but not seriously. He was a
good loyal soldier obedient and cautious at all times on hand and anxious to do his full
duty. At the end of his term of enlistment was mustered out and returned home feel-
ing he had shown his devotion and done his share in the suppression of the Rebellion.
He resumed his occupation and place in society, taking at all times a lively Interest
in the progress of the war. He died in Worcester, Vt., December 18, 1892, and buried
In the cemetery at Elmore, Vt. His picture may be seen on page 182.

CALVIN W. RICHARDSON

I was born in the town of Vershire, Vermont on the 12th day of March, 1842. Mjr
father's name was John, and grandfather was one of the first settlers. Was brought
up on a farm but did not like the business — required too much hard work to get a
poor living. As a small boy attended school summer and winter and could read and
write and cipher as far as the rule of three. As I grew up I rather go to school than
work on the farm. My father said, "Work in the summer and go to school in the
winter," so I did. I enlisted August 24, 1862, in Worcester, Vermont, at the age of 20-

5o6 77) t' Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

years and 5 months, and joined Company C. We elected Lewis L. Coburn captain and
he was a good one. We commenced drilling after the company was organized and was
at it most every day till we started for Brattleboro, Vermont, to be mustered into the
United States army. We reached Brattleboro on the last day of September and was
mustered in on the 10th of October and started for Washington on the 11th. I was a
high private in the rear rank and carried a knapsack and gun. We camped down on
East Capitol Hill, Washington, D. C, a few days and were organized into a brigade
called the Second Vermont Brigade, composed of the 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th and 16th
regiments. We had a few brigade drills and a grand review and then on the last day
of October crossed the Potomac on Long Bridge into old Virginia to do duty on the front
picket line. We passed a place on a hill called Arlington Heights and some of the boys
who were up in history said it was General Lee's old home. It was a fine looking mansion
and in plain sight of Washington. We marched this first day some ten miles and
stopped for the night and named the place Camp Seward. Remained here a day or
two and then turned to the left and marched through Alexandria just at night and little
beyond cam])ed down for the night on the low banks of a little creek. The day was hot
and the roads dusty and our guns and knapsacks grew heavy long before night and
we all were tired and hungry and glad of a chance to stop and rest for the night.
The most important event of life happened just after I enlisted, namely: I was mar-
ried September 13, just two weeks and one day after I enlisted. And on this occasion
I enrolled for life, and promised to love and protect as long as I lived. The result of
this happy marriage was five children, 3 boys and two girls. I made no mistake when
I volunteered to defend my country nor when I enlisted for life in the holy bonds of
matrimony.

In the spring of 1863, while in that lovely camp on the banks of the Oc-
coquan there was every indication of a battle between General Hooker and Gen-
eral Lee and rumor said that we should have orders to join General Hooker's Army
of the Potomac now on the north bank of the Rappahannock on his way to capture
Richmond. Many doubted this because our time of service was near the end and
besides we had had no experience in fighting and General Hooker would not accept
any raw troops when about to lock horns with General Lee. We then thought General
Hooker was the best man and we had the largest and best equipped army and many
of our boys were anxious to go, and it was only some 30 miles to Fredericksburg and
we could make the march in a single day if necessary. I wanted to have one genuine
fight before I returned home. Was not satisfied with the fight we had at Fairfax
Court House when General J. E. B. Stuart attempted to capture us on that December
night when Colonel Randall was down at Alexandria. We heard the cannonading
at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville when General Hooker started for Richmond
but no orders came for us to go. We heard in a day or two that General Hooker and
his mighty army had been badly whipped by General Lee and our army was obliged
to retreat back to the north bank of the Rappahannock. In a few daj's the whole
Potomac army was on the way north to overtake General Lee and his army, who had
gone down the valley of the Shenandoah into Maryland on their way to capture Wash-
ington, Then we were sure that a great battle was at hand and our brigade would
likely have part and share in it, and so we did. General Stannard was now our briga-
dier General and we were willing to fight wherever he might lead. It turned out
that the boys of Company C that reached Gettysburg had a good chance to fight to their
full satisfaction. I know I did. The long march day after day in the rain and through
mud and water was pretty hard for me and had it not been for Captain Coburn giving
me a ride on his horse now and then could never have reached the battlefield of Gettys-
burg, I had been sick in camp with the mumps and was in bad shape when I started.
My old army shoes got filled with mud and gravel and my feet were sore and blistered
long before we reached Edward's Ferry, where we crossed on a pontoon bridge Into Mary-
land. The captain let his boys ride his horse and he went afoot, and in this way quite
a number of us reached Gettysburg that otherwise would have been left behind. The fight-
ing was terrible and I was a little scared at first. It was new business and the cannon
balls came all about us bursting in the air and the pieces flying in all directions. Samuel
Pratt who was close to me was hit in the leg. I thought it was a hot place and mighty dan-
gerous. I soon became a little used to the noise and exploding shells, so when down inPlum
Run Valley using guns and bayonets and capturing General Pickett's brave boys
I forgot all about the danger — must have been excited. The boys we captured seemed
very willing to be taken out of that slaughter pen to the rear. Company C carried
the flags and was near them and the two big boys that carried them never flinched
or wavered on that charge. Old Glory was to the front fluttering in the breeze and never
was in the hands of braver boys than on this occasion. It was a glorious fight and I
am glad I was in it. See page 212 for pictures. CALVIN W. RICHARDSON.

PLUMMER H. RICHARDSON

I was born September 5, 1844, and enlisted on the 19th day of August, 1862, and
was only a few days of 18. My father was a farmer and so was I. My schooling
was in the little red school house in my native town. I cared more for play than

Biographical and Historical of Company C. 507

books and hence my education was below the average of the boys of my association.
Work at the farm did not agree with my inclination, and my father found it hard to>
make very much of a farmer of me. I was full of life and fun and was glad of a chance
to enlist, of course I was as ignorant of what would be required of me as a soldier as
possible. I was anxious to go and father said, "Go and be sure when in battle not to
be shot in the back but stand by the flag and do your best," and also said, "I would
rather never see you again than hear that you ran to the rear in time of battle." The
battle of Gettysburg was a good place to test the courage and fighting qualities of a
boy of IS summers. My comrades of Company C can tell which way I ran towards or
from the enemy. The fight was a hot time and I was expecting to be shot any mo-
ment. I had heard my mother say that the fortunes of war were with the brave and
cowards when on the run were liable to be hit, I was determined to make a good
record in action or die. I did duty from muster in October 10 to muster out July 21,
1863, and when I returned home my father said, "You have done well and may go-
again," and I did re-enlist into Company K, 6th Vermont "Volunteers, and was mustered
out at the close of the war. The name of my wife is Ellen Richardson; children are
Ralph and Addle, of Worcester, Vt., Lyde, Carl and Arthur, of Hardwick, Vt., and
Clyde, of Waterbury, Vt. I did my duty in the days of war to help save my country
and since the war in civil life have done my duty to be ready for war should occasion
require. I am satisfied with the record made in war and in peace and if my comrades
have all done as well then all are entitled to a medal of honor. And now Comrade
Sturtevant, if this will answer use it and if not throw it in the fire and it will be all
right. I know the other boys of my company will tell the thrilling incidents of Gettys-
burg battle especially General Pickett's heroic charge, and so I will not try.

PLUMMER H. RICHARDSON.
Pictures of this comrade will be found on page 210.

JOEL E. ROBINSON

enlisted from the town of Calais and counted on the quota of that town on the 29th day
of August, 1862, and joined Company C. His age at this time was 28. He was one of
the best of Company C for duty as a soldier. His figure was perfect, tall, straight,
robust, good looking and every inch first class material for fighting or any other duty
required in the army. The record of his service shows him present for duty from first
to last. The Gettysburg campaign and with its long march and the battle was too
much even for his unusual physical ability and courage. It is indeed a wonder more
did not die from the effects of march and battle, die long before their time came. Our
brave comrade was mustered out with the regiment at Brattleboro July 21, 186.3. He
came home used up and died within a few days at his home in Calais, July 28, 1863, and
was buried in the Robinson Cemetery at Calais. The unusual attendance at his funeral
was a demonstration of high regard for this dead soldier of the Republic. His picture
is on page 194 of this book.

GARDNER P. ROWELL

was a volunteer from the town of Berlin and joined Captain Lewis L. Coburn's com-
pany organized at East Montpelier August 29, 1862. His age at enlistment was 20.
Brought up to the occupation of the tilling of the soil. His education was in the com-
mon schools of his native county and limited. But like nearly all farmer boys had
the advantage of a careful moral training by precept and example at home, a valuable
asset for a young man as a soldier in any walk of life. Young Rowell had ever been
taught the difference between right and wrong and was old enough to know and
appreciate his duty in the pending conflict between secession and loyalty to the
Union. And because of these important pre-requisites was not only a valuable but
quite essential addition to Company C, brave boys from among the hills and valleys
of Berlin, Calais, Worcester, Marshfleld, East Montpelier and Plainfleld. He was a
model young man and acquitted himself with credit as a soldier, on hand on all occa-
sions when called, seldom absent from roll call or in any way endeavoring to escape
duty. Was prompt, upright, honest and generous to a fault, his last hard tack willingly
divided with any comrade His full term of enlistment was served and was mustered
out July 21, 1863, with the record of well done. In civil life he maintained the re-
spectable character earned in the army. He died at Montpelier September 19, 1905,
and is buried in Green Mount Cemetery. On page 190 will be seen his pictures.

REUBEN ROWLEY

was from the town of Berlin and enlisted in August, 1862, and enrolled in Company
C. His age was 40, and yet he looked and appeared much younger* Was physically
and mentally equipped for the calling he was about to engage in, there being only five
older recruits in this company. Comrade Rowley was equal to the demands the service-

5o8 I'he Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

required and acquitted himself well on all occasions. He served his full term and
was mustered out with his company and regiment July 21, 1863. Returned home and
resumed his usual avocation and his duties as a citizen, thankful that he had volun-
teered and served his country when called. He has been dead a number of years but
just when and where cannot say.

ALBERT SARGENT

volunteered from the town of Marshfleld, Vt., in September, 1862, and joined Company
C. His age was 20. He was a fair average of the boys who had enlisted into the
Bast Montpelier Company. Was mustered in and out of the service with his company
and regiment. He died in South Royalton, Vermont, a number of years ago, and is
buried in that town.

HIRAM W. SCRIBNER

volunteered from the town of Middlesex, Vt, Sept. 8, 1862, and joined Company C.
His age was said to be 18, but he did not look so old, certainly appeared too young
for the life of a soldier. He was of sufficient size and height and was active and
anxious to become a soldier and there was an urgent demand at this date, and most
anyone that was anxious to go was given a chance. He was a clean, fine looking boy
and enthusiastic to join and put on the blue, carry a gun and be a soldier, and
therefore passed by the medical examination and accepted. Nearly all of these young
boys made the bravest and best and endured better than those past 40. It is true that
young Scribner was a good boy as well as a valiant soldier. He served his full term
and was mustered out July 21, 1863, having won an enviable record and gratified his
youthful ambition to go to the front and help us save the Union. The patriotic
devotion still controlled the loyal heart of this youthful soldier and he volunteered
again in August, 1864, and joined Third Battery, Light Artillery, commanded by Captain
Romeo H. Start, and here served till the end of the war. He moved West some years
ago and is now residing in Atchinson, Kansas. His picture taken in 1862 is on page 206.

GEORGE SHATTUCK

enrolled into the East Montpelier Company in the summer of 1862, August 29, and
counted on the quota of that town of Berlin, Vt. His age at this time was 22. A young
man brought up on a farm and was rugged and well calculated to make a good soldier.
He had ever breathed the mountain air of Vermont and had inherited honesty, sobriety
and industry. Was brought up to do right and love home and country. He was a
good addition to Company C and performed the required duties cheerfully and well.
Was on hand for pork and beans, hardtack and coffee and for duty when called. He
served his time and was mustered out with his regiment at Brattleboro, Vt., July 21,
1863.. The carnage of Gettysburg though awful, only inspired this noble young man
to volunteer again and this time enlisted as a veteran into Company B, the 17th Ver-
mont Regiment and here he served until the end of the war. Was wounded in the
battle of Spotsylvania Court House May 12, 1864, but recovered and returned to the
hills, valleys and streams and became a useful citizen. His record as a soldier was
first class and he died much respected by all of his acquaintances. The date of his
death is November 13, 1905, and is buried in West Hill cemetery, Chelsea, Vt. His
picture will be seen on page 180.

DAVID C. SILLOWAY

volunteered August 29, 1862, from the town of Berlin and joined Company C, mustered
into United States service October 10, and started for the seat of war October 11, 1862,
and was on the picket line near Bull Run battlefield early in November and remained
in this part of Virginia on picket duty until June 25, 1S63. This volunteer was 35
years old at date of enlistment. His general appearance indicated a man of character
and fairly well equipped for active service in time of war. He was on hand and cheer-
fully answered every call for duty. He served his country well and never found fault.
His courage was good and bravery sufficient for the business then on hand. He served
out his term of enlistment and was mustered out with his regiment at Brattleboro,
Vt., July 21, 1863, and returned home to family and friends with duty discharged and
a clean, valiant record attached to his name. He quickly resumed the vocation of life
and lived happy for many years. Was exceedingly proud of his soldier life. He died
March 2nd, 1898 and was buried in Northfield, Vt., where his brave Colonel, Francis
V. Randall and many of his old comrades are at rest waiting for the bugle call to
summon the brave to everlasting peace and joy. His picture will be found on page 216.

Biographical and Historical of Company C. 509

JOSEPH SIMMONS

was a volunteer from the town o£ Marshfield and joined Company C on the 29th day
of August, 1862. His age at enlistment was 40, was a rugged, sturdy son of the old
Green Mountain State, full of fight for the right, and for the Union, and was anxious
to reach the seat of war to help defend the capitol of the nation and punish the Rebels
for helhsh conduct. He was eager for an opportunity to show his devotion for the
lite of the Union, and cause of freedom. He was a soldier for his country had called
for help and duty said go. It was business that commanded his attention. The dis-
solution of the Union was the price of anxious solicitude for its preservation, no matter
how great the sacrifice. He had volunteered for a single purpose and could not be
swerved from it by prospective hardship, prison pen or death on the battlefield; all
had been anticipated and duly considered before he left home and family. Freedom
and Country was hanging in the balance and unless loyal men responded to Abraham
Lincoln's urgent call for 300,000 men, the glorious land that gave him birth would surely
pass away forever. Comrade Simmons was alert on the battlefield and gave but little
heed to shrapnel shell or Rebel yell, but took deliberate and deadly aim at the ap-
proaching heroes of General Pickett's command until mortally wounded. He died at
Gettysburg July 4, and was buried in the national cemetery at Gettysburg.

WILLIAM SLADE

volunteered from Middlesex, Vt., September 10, 1862, and mustered into the United
States service October 10, 1862. His age was 42, pretty old we younger boys thought
for soldiering, but one in Company C older and but five in the regiment. Was one of
the stalwart, substantial men of this company. He enlisted because called and was not
able to answer his conviction in any other way. He was a good soldier and was in the
army for one single purpose, to fight for the preservation of the Union. Was a man of
character, never hesitating to do his full duty regardless of consequences. He was
mustered out when his term of enlistment expired and returned home as clean and
upright as when he enrolled. He died some years ago and is buried at Northfleld, Vt.
On page 184 will be found a picture of Comrade Slade.

WILLARD C. SNOW

volunteered from the town of East Montpelier and enrolled with Company C. His age
was 22, rather slight in stature and not a vigorous looking young man, but was
at all times able to perform duty and never grumbled when called on. He was re-
served and quiet and inclined to rough or uncouth. Faithfully followed the wan-
derings of his regiment during the fall and winter of 1862-1863, and was able to stand
the long march from Occoquan to Gettysburg. This march and battle was the true
test of every soldier in the 13th Regiment. On the battlefield was alert, cool and
brave. Undaunted, he met General Pickett's veterans in the valley of Plum Run and
won the praise of his captain and comrades. He was seriously wounded on the 3rd
day of July and died from his wounds July 19, 1863. His body was returned to Vermont
and was buried in the Cutler Cemetery, Montpelier, Vt. He died in a glorious cause
for a glorious country, and no man can die with more glory than he who dies on the
field of battle for home, liberty, right and to perpetuate the just government of a
magnanimous republic. Comrade Snow freely offered his young life on the altar of
his country; gave up all he had and passed over and is now waiting for the survivors of
his old comrades. The picture of this noble patriot may be seen on page 198.

WILLIS P. STEWART

at the age of 19 volunteered and joined Company C. Was a fine looking young man,
and of a good family, and entered soldier life anxious to do his utmost to subdue the
wicked rebellion and help defend his country. It almost seemed out of place to accept
boys so young for the hardship, danger and awful realities of army life in times of
active warfare. But in fact they made the very best of soldiers, perhaps because
Vermonters and enured from early boyhood in the strenuous occupations of farming
and lumbering. The young boys of C did their part on all occasions as well as the older
one. He was from the town of Berlin where all men and women, boys and girls were pat-
riotic and brave. No copper-heads born in Berlin. All were solicitous for the life of
the Union. Our comrade was struck down with fever at Camp Carusi and removed
Into a hospital at Alexandria, Va., where he died and was buried in the national ceme-
tery, Alexandria, Va. A picture of this young patriot taken shortly before his sickness
will be found on page 194.

510 Ilie Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

FRANCIS F. STODDARD

at the age of 22 volunteered under President Lincoln's call of August, 1862, for the
300,000 nine months' men and joined Bast Montpelier Company on the 29th of August,
and at once took his place in line and commenced to drill. His education was princi-
pally in the common schools of his native town. Was of the class of young men that
enlisted, prompted only by the behest of duty. It was enough for this young patriot
to know that his country was being assailed by southern leaders that were bound to
rule or ruin. He was tall, straight, active, robust and well fitted to endure all that
might be required of him as a soldier in active campaigning. His character was well
founded and intrenched by early training and he did not depart from rules of propriety
and honesty though a soldier. His every duty was promptly discharged and the record
he made was worthy of the state that gave him birth. Was mustered out with his
regiment July 21, 1863 and returned home proud that he had served his country in
her darkest day and on the hills and in the valleys of Gettysburg helped to secure a
signal victory that saved the life of the Union. A fine specimen of Colonel Randall's
Green Mountain Boys, developed into a manly man and if you would see him as a
soldier and citizen look on a page of this book, about 210.

ALBERT S. STOCKWELL

volunteered from the town of Calais in August, 1862, and joined Company C. His
age at this date was 30. He presented every appearance, as well equipped physically
and mentally for a suitable man to engage in the arduous life of a soldier during active
warfare. The medical board said he would answer and subsequent conduct in camp
on the picket line and march and In battle fulfilled and made good every expectation.
He was in fact equal for all that was required of him. His old comrades do not see
or know much of him of late.

ARTHUR W. TAYLOR

volunteered from the town of Berlin in August, 1862, at the age of 19, and at once
enrolled in Company C. It was claimed that Berlin was his native town. His educa-
tion evidently had been confined to the district schools of his native town. He seemed
to understand full well why and for what purpose he had volunteered and was ready
to go to the front and do all in his power to defend the right and preserve the Union.
He was a good, brave young man and discharged his soldier duties in a creditable
manner. He served his full term and received an honorable discharge from the Gov-
ernment and returned home thankful he had served his country when its life was in
danger.

FRANKLIN J. TAYLOR

volunteered from the town of Worcester August, 1862, at the age of 19, joined Com-
pany C, and was mustered into the army October 10, 1862, and started at once for the
seat of war. He was young, robust, with a happy disposition and yet eager for the
life of a soldier. His heart seemed to be on fire to fight for the Union. Had no ex-
perience, but plenty of courage and patriotism. He was large and strong for a youth
of his age. He fulfilled the expectations and did much good under all circumstances. At
the expiration of his term of service received an honorable discharge and returned
to his native state proud that he had been in battle in defence of the right and preser-
vation of the Union. See page 200 for his pictures.

FRANCIS F. TAYLOR

was a volunteer from the town of Middlesex, Vt., at the tender age of 18. He counted
on the quota of his native town and joined Company C, 13th Regiment. He was a
smooth faced, bright looking young man, too young for such a hard and serious life.
It almost seemed wicked to permit such to engage in the business of killing each
other; but as a matter of history, the young men and boys made the very best soldiers
and stood by the stars and stripes as valiantly as the best of them. Young Taylor was
a born patriot, ready to fight with all his might and main for the land that gave him
birth. It was indeed a pity that he was struck down with disease and had to die before
his time. He died April 16, 1863, heart broken because deprived of the great duty of
a genuine soldier to contend with the enemy in the struggle of battle. The nurse said
his last words were of the dear ones he left at home. His picture can be seen on page
200. He died in Virginia.

ALBERT C. TEMPLETON

was one of the brave boys from the town of East Montpelier and volunteered in
August, 1862, at the age as was claimed of 18^ and joined Captain Lewis L. Coburn's

Biogrnpliical and Historical of Compan\< C.

511

Company C. He was a bright boy with a happy disposition. Evidently had been care-
fully instructed by loved ones around the fireside at home. By nature patriotic and
enthusiastic, anxious to take part in defending the right. He was quite a favorite and
all were kind to him. So far as possible he discharged the duties assigned to him
He served out his term and received an honorable discharge. A picture of him will
be found on page 206.

JOHN S. TEMPLETON

enrolled from the town of Worcester, and counted on its quota, and joined the East
Montpelier Company, which was when organized Company C. Young Templeton at
date of enlistment was called IS, but likely was younger. Was a twin brother of
Albert C. Templeton, but one had volunteered from East Montpelier and the other
from Worcester. According to the common course of events both were born in the
same town, and yet it is possible one was born in Worcester and the other in Bast
Montpelier. These towns join and the town line might have passed through the bed-
room in the house where these rollicking young heroes were first brought to light.
Stranger things have happened and therefore do not see in which or in both towns
these boys were born, either could well afford to claim the honor. They were well
born and of fruitful parents is self evident. Both were good soldiers and reflected honor
and fame on the state that gave him birth. .John S.'s picture will be found on page
202. Residence, Wahoo, Neb.

CHARLES 0. TEWKSBURY

was born as he claimed in Calais, Vt., in 1842; volunteered in August, 1862, and
joined Company C. Was mustered into the United States service October 10, and
started for the seat of war October 11, arriving at Washington, D. C, on the 13th.
His age at date of enlistment was 20 and therefore born in 1842. Company C was the
name given the company he joined. All these Calais recruits were good, raw material
to make fighting soldiers out of and it is evident Charles C was one of the best for
he was promoted to Corporal January 12, 1863. Was well liked by the officers as well
as the privates. Was proud of his position, but always kind and courteous to all.
Was on hand for duty and never shrank from it no matter how arduous or exacting.
Was fully equal to his associates on the long, weary march and in battle. Any soldier
that could face General Pickett's desperate charge was brave and heroic. Corporal
Tewkesbury gallantly performed his duty throughout his term of enlistment. Was
mustered out July 21, 1S63, and returned home proud of the record he made and
thankful that he had responded when called. He remained home for a season and
then volunteered and this time joined Company I, of the 11th Regiment, being en-
rolled and mustered in August 30th, 1864, and here he saw plenty of dangerous service,
namely, Opequan, Va., Sept. 19, 1864, Fisher's Hill, Cedar Creek and Petersburg, but
said nothing like the battle of Gettysburg. The war was now over and our valiant
comrade was mustered out June 24, 1865, and is now living in Worcester, Vt. May
he live many years in this glorious and happy land he so freely offered his life
to save. His picture will be found on page 184.

MARCUS F. TUCKER

volunteered from the town of East Montpelier in August, 1862, and at once united
with Company C. His age at this date was 19. He was fair looking, rather slim, and
hardy, robust and rugged enough for a soldier in active warfare. Was enthusiastic
and anxious to join the army and take part in the pending conflict to save and preserve
the Union. His education was quite limited though perhaps as good as his associates
that had no chance only in the old district schools in his native town. He was apt
and readily acquired sufficient knowledge of military duties to enable him to fulfil
all requirements made on him. Though cheerful and ready for fun or duty, was not
boisterous, profane or untidy. Evidently had been carefully brought up. Was a nice
young man and a good, brave soldier. Served his term and was mustered out July
21, 1863. Since the Civil War has resided in Washington County, and is a respected
citizen. His pictures taken in 1862 and 1872 will be found on page 178.

HENRY W. WAKEFIELD

volunteered from the town of East Montpelier in August, 1862, and enrolled with
Company C. His age on this date was 20. Was one of the three brothers in this com-
pany. Henry, like his older brothers, was well disposed, and of the same suitable^ raw
material out of which the very best of fighting soldiers was quickly and easily trans-
formed into. Christopher and William H. were first class fifers, but Henry pre-
ferred to carry a gun and did so, and soon was one of the best shots in the regiment.
Henry was a quiet young man, apparently well brought up, and surrounded by good in-

512 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

fluences at home and in the society where he lived. A genial disposition, kind hearted,
respectful and obedient. Was loyal to his comrades and cheerfully divided with them
when short of rations or scrip. Physically and mentally he was well equipped for
the business of soldiering and was just as well satisfied when on the march as in camp
waiting for orders to move. He ever responded to duty when called and fulfilled all
expectations. Was mustered out with his regiment July 21, 1863, and returned to his
home with a clean record and proud of having served his country when in need.
Comrade Wakefield volunteered again in September, 1863, very soon after his first
discharge and joined Company E, 17th Regiment. Was taken prisoner at Petersburg
Mine, September 30, 1864, and died in prison at Richmond, Va., February 20, 1865.
It is supposed his remains were interred in some of the cemeteries near Richmond
but no authentic Information was ever received. Thousands who died in Southern
prisons are still as to place of buriel unaccounted for. See page 186 for this valiant
hero.

FELIX VALLEY

Toluntered from the town of Plainfield, Vt., in August, 1862, at the age of 23, and joined
Company C. Mustered in and out with his company and regiment and was given an
honorable discharge. He was a vigorous, healthy young man, well qualified for a
soldier and only required training to fit him to be one of the best. None in Company
C donned the blue with more pleasure and greater pride than Comrade Valley. Was
fearless and bold, and the march, picket, or any other duty was accepted as a matter
of course and he was on hand when called. He was an active, hustling, useful soldier
Was obedient, obliging, kind and generous. His tentmates had food and money as
long as it lasted. His comrades remember him because of his tidy looks and cheerful
disposition. He returned home but the war was not over and he again volunteered
and this time into Company I, 17th Vermont Volunteers. Was mustered in J uiy 6,
1864; joined his regiment in front of Petersburg, Va., and in a few days was sent
into the Petersburg Mine assault where he was taken a prisoner with a few others
that escaped death in this awful blunder and carried to Salisbury, N. C, where he
died December 1, 1864, and was interred in the National Cemetery in that place. What
a pity that so many lost their lives by uncalled for and useless mistakes, and then in
addition to capture think of the horrors of the prison pen at Salisbury. We can
forgive, but to forget, never. See page 214 for the picture of this hero who died not in
battle but far from home and friends, literally starved to death and scarcely any clothing
to protect him from the cold blasts of December in that open prison pen of Salisbury,
N. C.

AMOS A. WHITING

son of Joseph and Susan (Jennings) Whiting, was born at Calais, Vt., June 24, 1845.
I was married in Calais, Vt., the 3rd day of August, 1868, to Cora L. Ide, of Calais, born
January 14, 1851. Died June 30, 1S99. We were blessed with four children, Ella L.,
George J., Alice E., and Bernie H. Whiting. George died May 10, 1889, and Ella L. died
February 19, 1896. Alice and Bernie reside in Burlington, Vt. My father was born
in Nottingham, N. H., April 1, 1802, and one of the first settlers of the town of Wood-
bury, Vt., going to Hardwick, Vt., by marked trees for his groceries, and I enlisted
in Calais the 24th of August, 1862, in Company C, 13th Vermont Volunteers, Captain
Lewis Coburn. After my term of service expired I enlisted in Company I, 11th Vermont
Regiment, and served till the close of the war. Have lived in Calais and Wolcott
most of the time since my discharge. Farming has been my occupation. When in camp
at Alexandria, Va., a corporal and four privates were detailed as orderlies at head-
quarters. General Stoughton was in command of the brigade. We soon moved to
Fairfax Court House. The general and staff established their headquarters at a brick
house owned by Dr. Gunnell. I was told by an old negro who had always lived with
the Doctor, and was quite well informed, that at the first battle of Bull Run a Miss
Ford acted as aide-de-camp on J. E. B. Stuart's staff, with the rank of major and pay.
I well remember the night Stoughton was captured, it was the 9th of March. About
half past two in the morning when I was aroused by a troop of cavalry gallop-
ing by should say 25 or 30, I looked toward the telegraph operator's tent, which
was a few rods below on the other side of the street. The flap of the tent was thrown
back and a gun set against it. It appears that Mosby first went to Stoughton's house,
gave the guard the countersign, which was "Abercromby." Then went to his room
and took Prentiss, Stoughton and his orderly. Colonel Asa P. Blunt of the 12th took
command of the Brigade with headquarters at Fairfax Station. About the 1st of May
the 12th Vermont was ordered to Warren town Junction. A part of the regiment
stopped at Catlet's Station and the rest three miles beyond Warrentown Junction.
Mosby struck a detachment of DeForest's cavalry brigade consisting of 180 men of the
1st Virginia Loyal Cavalry. I was sent down to the 12th with orders from head-
quarters. The train arrived there a short time after the fight and the wounded men
of Mosby's command lay on the grass around a house. The man that guided Mosby
in there wore a black suit and fine shirt. He was shot through the heart; close by him

Biographical and Historical of Company C. 513

lay a young lad not more than 16 mortally wounded; he begged to see his mother and
sister, but with almost his last breath he cursed the Yankees. If I remember right
there were 20 wounded ones lying around the house. They were the first wounded men 1
had seen and I wished I was at home for they seemed to be very careless with fire-
arms. It was my misfortune to be on the train the 30th of May, a supply train loaded
with forage for the cavalry at Rappahannock Station at or near Catlefs Station.
Mosby derailed the train; a young lad, I do not remember his name, had a supply of
sutler's goods to sell the boys. We both jumped at the same time, but he broke his
leg but crawled into the bushes and escaped being captured. He said they ate and
took away all of his supplies, but forgot to pay him. Mosby destroyed the train, but
was closely followed by the 1st Vermont Cavalry and 5th New York and the howitzer
■was captured. It was just right for a fourth of July celebration. Many of Company
C have gone over the river. They sleep beneath the shadows of the clouds, careless
alike of the sunshine or storm, each in the windowless palace of rest.

A. A. WHITING.
OESON WOODCOCK

son of Peter and Eliza Woodcock, was born in Danville, Vermont, January 5th, 1833.
My father was born in Marshfleld and my grandfather, Ebenezer Woodcock, was also
an inhabitant of Marshfleld. I was married to Ruth Austin, of Marshfleld in 1857, and
one child was born to us, a boy, who died at the age of three years. For the past
thirty-seven years we have lived in Randolph, which is my post-office address. I am
now 72 years of age and my wife is 65. I enlisted August 25th, 1862, from Marshfleld,
Vermont, and served in Company C, 13th Vermont Volunteers, being discharged July
21st, 1863. Occupation at enlistment and for the past 50 years a carpenter and
builder. Being a carpenter I was detailed to go to Brattleboro to help build barracks
for the soldiers, then was sent back to my regiment, and went to Washington, where
I was again detailed to work on hospitals part of the time and for the rest did camp
and picket duty. I was on guard duty at East Capitol Hill a very rainy and windy
night; the rain did not come down from the sky, but came sideways so I had my boots
full of water in a short time. That night I caught a severe cold and at the time of
the so called Randall's raid, I could not flnd the surgeon to get excused so I followed the
regiment to Union Mills. I could not march the next morning and was taken to the
hospital and when I was better I was detailed to work in the hospital and stayed with
them until mustered out at Brattleboro, Vt., July 21, 1863. I well remember when
20 of our horses were captured by Mosby's men, when we were on our way to Fairfax
Station for supplies, leaving us without horses; we went down in Prince Williams
county the next day and took 42 horses from the plows and harrows of the rebels.
This giving us a goodly number I had one to ride to Mount Vernon. I was connected
with the hospital nearly all the time until discharged. Though not in any battle I
am sure I saw and experienced the saddest part of army life. Many were sick, re-
quiring constant care and many died. ORSON WOODCOCK.

WILLIAM W. WILLEY

volunteered from the town of Berlin in August, 1862, and joined Company C, at the
age of 45. He was too old, but a vigorous appearing man and stood the test of march,
camping out doors, and picket line as well as younger men. Was a reliable, civil and
a good substantial citizen at enlistment. He found no fault and fell into line promptly
when called. Served out his term and received an honorable discharge July 21, 1863.
His record was good and no fault to be found in any place. Was brave and cool, and
not afraid to face death in a charge. The war was not over and Comrade Willey
volunteered again and this time into Company H, 11th Vermont Regiment in January,
1864, and counted this time on the quota of Marshfleld. He had an opportunity to see
plenty of fighting while in the 11th, and it is presumed he did. Was not in the 11th,
so cannot say if present in the battles of Cedar Creek and Petersburg. He was
mustered out at the close of the war and returned home and settled down and re-
sumed business as before. He died at Montpelier, Vt., September 15, 1880, and is
interred in the cemetery at Northfleld, Vt. A picture will be seen of him on page 208.

EDWIN L. WRIGHT

volunteered from the town of Middlesex, Vermont, and counted on its quota. Enrolled
in Company C, in August, 1862, at the age of 27. He had duly considered the subject
since the flring on Fort Sumter and keenly felt it a personal duty to join the army,
and as soon as President Lincoln made his urgent call of August 4th for 300,000 men
for nine months, hesitated no longer, made as far as he could all arrangements to
provide for the future in ease he did not return. The second Bull Run battle had
been fought and General Lee had invaded Maryland on his way to capture Washington.
There was occasion for serious apprehension and President Lincoln and his cabinet

SM The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

were doing their utmost to summon troops to Washington to defend the Capitol City
from capture. It was thought 300,000 with those in the field would suddenly subdue
the rebellious enemy and enforce peace. Under this call five Vermont regiments were
quickly enrolled and equipped and sent to Washington. The 13th Regiment was one
and within 60 days was recruited and on the outer picket line near Bull Run battlefield
doing picket duty as full fledged soldiers. Enlistment at this time was slow for the
war cloud hung over the land dark and forboding. Thousands had been slain in battle
and thousands had succumbed to disease. Only the brave came forward under this
call and hence the ,12th, 13th, 14th, 15th and 16th regiments were made up from the
best material in Vermont. Comrade Wright realized the situation, left home and
family that he might aid iu~the suppression of rebellion and save the Union. He was
of the type that was ready to fight for the right. He was in deed a faithful and valiant
soldier and acquitted himself with much credit, received an honorable discharge and
returned to his home very proud of the fact that he had assisted in defending home
and country. Comrade Wright moved West and died at Anamoose, North Dakota,
June 7, 1901. Look on page ISO for the pictures of Comrade Wright.

HARPER A. DENMAN

volunteered from the town of Waterbury, Vt., in August, 1862, and joined Company I.
But for some reason do not recall what, was on the next day after muster into the
United States service, transferred from Company I to Company C. We of Company
C knew nothing of him prior to muster in and it would have been better if Comrade
William W. Holden, historian of Company I, should have written of this comrade. He
was at time of enrollment 42 and in fact too old for the business we were then about
to engage in. Company I had more than its full complement in its ranks and likely
this circumstance led to the transfer of Comrade Denman to Company C. Cannot say
where born or comment on his early life or education. We of Company C cordially
extended the hand of fellowship and gave an aged comrade a place among us, and
endeavored to make matters pleasant and homelike. Comrade Denman was entitled
to our respect because of age and his anxiety to take part in the pending conflict.
He was a faithful soldier and performed his several duties acceptably and had an
intelligent comprehension of the reasons that precipitated the war. Was patriotic
in devotion to maintenance of the Union. Never faltered in face of danger or duty
of any kind. Served his full term and was mustered out with the regiment July 21,
1863, and given an honorable discharge and returned home proud that he had had
an opportunity to serve his country when assailed by a wicked force within. Of his
career since the war I have no definite information. Has been dead for some years.

CALVIN NOURSE

was one of the stalwart young men of the town of Calais and volunteered about
August 29, 1862, and joined East Montpelier Company on the day of its organization.
His age was at this time 27, a suitable time in lite to engage in any strenuous calling
or vocation. He enjoyed good health, rugged nature, an even temper, generous dis-
position and a liberal supply of inborn common sense. He was not changeable like
the wind, but on all questions of right and wrong his views were as fixed as the hills
of his native town. Was not opinionated and called no man a fool because he did
not agree with him even on the all important questions of the impending conflict
between the North and South. From youth he had been taught to revere the Constitu-
tion and the inalienable rights it conferred, and because of the attempt . of certain
Southern leaders to overthrow the government and destroy the Union felt impelled to
volunteer and fight for its preservation. Comrade Nourse took up the work and busi-
ness of soldier life with energj' and determination to fit himself as well and quickly
as possible, the better to be ready to meet the enemy in the crisis of battle realizing
that death was the awful price of the battlefield. He was a good soldier and yet
loved peace and hated war. Would not be swerved from the path of right and diity,
but with his life would defend the principles secured by the constitution. These views
induced our brave comrade to enlist, and made him a valuable and valiant soldier.
He was always on hand and ready and acquitted himself like a true man and patriot.
Served bis full term and was mustered out with his regiment and resumed the pursuits
of civil life until his death, May 10, 1894, and is buried in the cemetery at Kent's
Corners, Calais. May we never forget our brave comrade who gave up "all to fight
for the union. He fought not for glory, wealth, or renown, but only for the preserva-
tion of the glorious Republic.

SERGT. JOHN H. LYON, SERGT. HENRY 0. CLARK,

Colchester. Vt. East Orange, N. J.

Historians of Company D, 13th Vt. Vols.

Biographical and Historical

OF

CO. D

Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

CIVIL WAR 1861-1865

Dedicated to the loving memory of our brave hero, William March, slain
in the battle of Gettj^sburg, Jiilj^ 3rd, 1863.

Biographical and Historical of Companv D. 519

THE CONDENSED HISTORY OF COMPANY D.

WHEN the call of Abraham Lincoln came August 4th, 1862 for 300,000 men to serve
for nine months to fill the deiJleted ranks of the Union army, our state pro-
posed to send a brigade of five full regiments. Immediately following the
proclamation of the Governor, the towns of Colchester and Milton called town meet-
ings, and appointed recruiting officers. These in two weeks enlisted forty-seven men
in Colchester and thirty-seven in Milton.

The recruits assembled at the village of Winooski in Colchester, elected officers
and became Company D of the 13th Vt. Regiment. The Company was filled by the
addition of ten men from Essex, Richmond, South Hero and Bolton. William D.
Munson, of Colchester, was unanimously elected captain. He was twenty-nine years
of age; a man of charming personality and a graduate of Norwich Military Insti-
tute, consequently familiar with military tactics and regulations. The rest of the
company, with two exceptions, were entirely ignorant of military drill, discipline
or usages. Milton, having thirty-seven recruits, was considered as entitled to the
second commission. On recommendation of the Milton boys, and in opposition to
his wish, George Bascom was elected first lieutenant. He was thirty-one years of
age, having been for some years a merchant at Milton he had had an opportunity
to study human nature, which as a commander of a company of boys was a great
advantage. While ignorant of everything military, he was quick to learn and far
seeing to decide for the best interests of the company. He possessed sound common
sense and grew in popularity as he became better known. Later as captain of the
company he was a valued officer and on our discharge no one was more beloved
by his men or respected by the regiment at large, John M. Rolfe, of Colchester,
was elected second lieutenant. He like the rest was devoid of military training,
but like all was quick to learn, and by his unfailing good nature became a popular
member of the company.

Those comprising Company D were mostly of Vermont birth and came mainly
from the farm, though the professions of law and medicine were represented, as
also the various trades. They averaged less than twenty-two years of age, and
they enlisted entirely from patriotic impulses. Promise of a large bounty, preferment
In rank, or fear of a draft did not enter into the matter in the least degree. Young,
resolute, fearless, in perfect health and filled with patriotic ardor, they entered the
army with a fixed resolution to do their full duty under any and all circumstances, and
this resolve remained with them till their discharge. After the formation of the
Company it was quartered at Winooski awaiting orders. The days were passed in
drill and instruction, and most of the nights in visits to their friends and newly
formed acquaintances in the village and vicinity. When ordered to the State Camp
at Brattleboro, the Company was in better condition as to drill, and the first lessons
in soldierly conduct than probably any other of the regiment. The few days there
were spent in equipping in blue, obtaining the necessary arms and in battalion
drill.

October 10th the Regiment was sworn into the service of the United States
and on the following day started for the front. Of its reception in Jersey City,
Philadelphia and Washington, the regimental history will tell. Company D passed
through the vicissitudes and privations common to the service, and which were
endured with that cheerfulness which comes from the knowledge that such were to
be expected in a soldier's life.

Many amusing incidents, and some pathetic ones occurred, which can be said of
all the companies. Company D did neither more nor less than others of the regiment.
It was always ready when called and it was well understood by the officers commanding
the regiment that it could be depended on in an emergency.

The social life of the company was one of its best features. It was as one family.
The interests of one was the interest of all. Dissensions and quarrels were unknown.
Each helped his comrade and many friendships were formed that have endured to
the present day, becoming stronger as the years pass away. To make individual
mention, when all were good, would seem improper.

While there was more or less of sickness caused by change of form of living,
exposure, etc., the health of the company was uniformly good. While it was not
considered that the men were in better physical condition than those of the other
companies, they were certainly more fortunate. The regiment lost by death, from
disease, during time of enlistment, fifty-three men. Of these, one was from Company D.
From the regiment there were discharged for disability seventy-three men. Of these
five were from Company D, showing the loss from this Company to have been less
than from any of the other nine companies.

520 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

After the Gettysburg Campaign the regiment returned to Brattleboro and were
mustered out July 21st, 1863. Company D returned the following day to Winooskl,
from whence they had gone, and were there met by the entire population escorted to
the church, in the basement of which they were presented with a hearty welcome and
a bountiful supper. Whether those assembled to meet them were more glad than
those returning home from the campaign, would be difficult to determine. The day
following, the members of the company returned to their homes.

Of the survivors at this writing, forty-two, more than one-half remain citizens of
Vermont. The balance are living in thirteen of the United States they helped to
preserve. In nearly every individual case the survivors of Company D are prominent
and respected citizens in the community in which they reside.

Seegt. Henby O. Clabk.
GEORGE BASGOM.

was bom in Milton, Vt., November 19, 1830, and was the only son of Lewis and
Caroline Washburn Bascom. He was educated in the common schools finishing with
a course at Fairfax Academy. His life was spent in Milton, excepting only the term
of service in the 13th "Vt. Regiment. In 1862 he was engaged in the mercantile business
at Milton Palls. At the call of President Lincoln tor more men in July 1862, he was
one of the first in the town to enlist. In the formation of the company some of those
that knew him suggested to him that he take the office of lieutenant. To this he
objected, claiming that he had no knowledge of military life or tactics whatever — and
there were others who had some experience in the 1st regiment. His friends per-
sisted, claiming that while he might be then ignorant of the requirements, he could
learn, that he was older than many of the boys, and that he was possessed of cool,
sound judgment, a qualification that might be of the first importance. He finally
acquiesced and was elected first lieutenant, and, commanding the company during most
of its time, fully justified all that had been claimed for him. Courteous to all, careful
of his men, and to see that they were provided for, firm in discipline, and rigid in the
full execution of his duty, he received and had the affection, and the respect, not only
of his company, but of the whole regiment. He was promoted captain of company D
in 1863. No better officer, or more perfect gentleman in the 13th Vt. than Captain
George Bascom.

After the discharge of the regiment he returned to Milton and resumed the busi-
ness he had previously been engaged in. He married in 186.5 Clara E. Clark, of Milton,
and died February 17, 1874, leaving a widow but no children surviving. H. O. C.

JOHN HOVEY LYON

the subject of our sketch, was born in Colchester, Vt., April 4th, 1840. His father
was one of the substantial farmers of the town, and his boyhood days were spent, as
were those of a majority of the members of the regiment, on the farm, where he fulfilled
all the duties incumbent on the boy of that period, interspersed with the pleasures
that belong to that favored class. He received a common school and academical edu-
cation, and when the call came for 300,000 more soldiers, among the first to enlist
with those, that later, were formed into company D. He was appointed corporal
which place he filled so satisfactorily not only to his superior officers, but to his com-
rades, that when a vacancy occurred he was promoted to be a sergeant and, as such,
served till the regiment was discharged at the expiration of its term of service. Quiet
and unassuming, but always willing and cheerful, he was one of the most popular
men in the company and one of those who are more liked as they are better known.

After his discharge he returned to his home, and December 9th, 1863, was married
to May A. Day, sister of his friend and tentmate, Mark Day, of company D. She died
May 14th, 1877, leaving three children, only one of whom now survives. Some years
later he married Clara E. Bliss, of Colchester, who with their three children now com-
prise the happy family circle. Three years ago he sold the farm where he had lived
so many years and removed to the village where within two miles of his birthplace
he now resides a respected and honored citizen. In 1892, soon after the organization of
the 13th Vt Regiment Association he was elected its secretary and every years since to
1906, he has been unanimously re-elected to that responsible position. His work in
this connection has been arduous and untiring and to him especially, and more than
to any other member, is due to-day. the standing of the Association as the best in the
state. Two years ago he was elected assistant judge of the Chittenden county court
which position he now fills with honor, to the state and to himself. In all places and
at all times his integrity, honesty of purpose, and loyalty to his friends, his state and
his country, has never been questioned.

The writer of this sketch, having known Judge Lyon as schoolmate, comrade and
intimate friend for a period extending over fifty years, may truly be said to know
the "facts whereof he writes." HOC

Biographical and Historical of Company D. 521

SERGT. HENRY 0. CLARK.

Sergeant of Company D, only son of Orville M. and Martha (Fullam) Clark, was born
in Milton, Vt, 1844. He was educated In the common schools of his native town, and
in the academies of Swanton and Georgia, "Vermont. He graduated in the Commercial
College at Buffalo, New York. In 1861 he was a clerk in a store in Chicago. When
President Lincoln called for more men in 1862, he gave up his clerkship and returned
to Milton, Vermont. There, at a town meeting, he was appointed a recruiting officer,
and enlisted a part of Company D, 13th Vermont Regiment. Upon the organization
of the company, he was made a sergeant, and served as such until the regiment was
mustered out. During the winter of 1862-3, the regiment was picketing the outer
defences of Washington, on the line of the Occoquan river and its chief tributary.
Mosby's guerillas had become very troublesome there; many of them resided in the
vicinity and knew certain fords on the river, and all the by-ways beyond it, of
which we were ignorant. The inhabitants were disloyal. Rebel guerillas could make
their way through, and operate within our lines without our knowledge. If they were
confronted or pursued by a superior force, they would evade it and scatter like young
partridges, disappearing as if by magic, hidden in the homes of the disloyal inhabitants.
The Second Vermont Brigade, Wyndham's Cavalry and other Union troops were kept
out of winter quarters, and were on the qui vive during the entire winter, watching
Mosby and his freebooters. Notwithstanding our utmost vigilance, they captured our
Brig. Gen. Stoughton, who was twelve miles distant from us at the time, but within
our lines, at the headquarters of Wyndham's Cavalry whose commander they were
seeking to capture, when they got General Stoughton. They also stealthily captured
our regimental teams, when on their way for supplies, within our lines. Under
the military system then in vogue, the utmost sagacity and vigilance of the Union
forces could not prevent their successful raids. Our government accorded the homes
of these disloyal inhabitants during war the same rights that are guaranteed to every
home within its boundaries in times of peace. The next year all this was changed.
This section of Virginia was embraced in General Sheridan's Military Department.
Martial Law governed. Every house was searched and every male inhabitant capable
of bearing arms was arrested and treated as a prisoner of war. All forage on which
guerillas could subsist their horses, was captured or burned, and Mosby's occupation
was gone.

Under the mistaken policy of the Government during our term of service in Vir-
ginia, we were struggling with the impossible; but we did the best we could. Early
in the spring of 1863, Colonel Randall appointed Sergeant Clark to command a party
of scouts, carefully chosen from among those deemed best fitted to perform that duty,
and sent them to operate within Confederate territory beyond the Occoquan River.
They were ordered to report to him twice a week anything they saw or heard in respect
to the enemy or his operations. Several of these scouts were soon captured, and Sergeant
Clark's command was reduced to two — himself and one other — who had become a neces-
sity to the natives by keeping their clocks in repair. When the spring campaign opened,
Mosby and his guerillas were called to operate on other fields, and all that remained
of the native population were old men, women and children. Sergeant Clark and his
scout now enjoyed a greater measure of peace and safety. Mars had yielded the field
to Venus. The scouts had acquired horses and spent their time in visiting among the
natives and having a general good time bej^ond our lines. They organized riding
parties, in the enjoyment of which the old men and children are not supposed to have
participated; but they kept a keen eye out for anything suggesting danger to them-
selves or their country, and the survival of these two boys, under conditions that had
overwhelmed their comrades, demonstrated that they had keen eyes.

When the Regiment was ordered to change camps from Wolf Run Shoals to Occo-
quan, Va., Sergeant Clark was notified. His tent, like all others, housed an accumula-
tion of articles calculated to increase the civilizing comforts of life. He disliked either
to abandon these or to carry them the required distance. Both camps were on the
Occoquan River, and he conceived the idea of transporting them by water. He easily
obtained the consent of his military superiors to his project, for no officer or soldier in
his regiment had ever been known to refuse Sergeant Clark anything he wanted, within
(or beyond) the bounds of reason. He now commenced the study of navigation. He
had no boat and could neither buy, beg, borrow or capture one; therefore, he had to
build one. He selected men for a crew who knew something of woodcraft, and could
use an axe. He transformed them into ship carpenters, and his transport was soon
completed. Her bottom was her only deck, there were no cabins. Her architect never
designed her as a home for luxurious indulgence. When his regiment broke camp, his
household divinities and those of his men, were put on board, and his transport started
down the river, manned by Sergeant (now) Commander Clark and his crew. It was
their maiden effort in navigation. They knew nothing whatever of the river below
them — of Its tortuous, treacherous channels, its rocks, shoals, whirlpools, cataracts, or
falls, or whether they would encounter Confederates along its south bank; but they
were as cheerful and reckless a lot of young dare-devils as ever sailed.

522 The Thirteenth Regiuient Vermont Volunteers

After a time these navigators discovered cavalrymen on a promontory on the
south bank. Confederates were often disguised in our uniforms; and when the boat
neared that head-land, the troopers ordered her crew to come ashore. This order was
not complied with, but the "sailors" "talked off", and alleged one pretext and another,
until the current carried them well under the projecting rocks of the shore; then they
told the cavalrymen to go to a place more celeljrated for heat than comfort. The
current bore them along past the ledge where it veered to the south and nearly landed
them upon the bank where the troopers stood with loaded carbines, cocked, aimed, and
ready to fire; and they had to land. Their captors proved to be a picket of Union
Cavalry, to whom satisfactory explanations were soon made, and our skippers were
allowed to resume their voyage. Further on, the distant sound of falling waters broke
upon their ears, and caused them to deliberate. None of them knew whether the river
fell, there, ten or forty feet; they could only guess from its roar. The Commander
and a minority of his crew proposed to sail straight on and take the chances. The
majority were exceedingly anxious to land above the falls.

They said that, judging from the uproar ahead, there must be rapids and falls on
which they would come to grief and lose their guns, baggage, boat and perhaps their
lives. They proposed to land and unload the boat above the falls, and promised to
carry the cargo over the hills to a point below, where the Commander and the only
one of his crew who endorsed his views on navigation could go ahead with the boat
and wait for them. The boat was accordingly put ashore and relieved of a majority
of her crew and most of her cargo. During her voyage hitherto she had often been
strained near to the breaking point, and her condition as now revealed made it plain
to her occupants that she had not been modelled after the design of Russian Ice Break-
ers, for service in Northern seas; but her Commander and his equally reckless mate,
seated in her stern, pushed her into the current, and started down the river. The
swift flowing waters carried them quickly around a curve and into the rapids. There
they lost control of their craft. They saw before them a perpendicular fall of about
ten feet over a natural rock dam. They confronted the inevitable! But these daring
spirits neither feared their fate nor attempted to raise any question with the inevitable.
Each tried to keep the boat straight ahead, as they sped down the rapids, intending to
take the fall "head on." But fortune, that is said to favor the brave, (and sometimes
the reckless) averted the catasrophe that such sailing would have invoked. Just on
the verge of the fall the boat hit a rock, swung half around, and went over, broad-side
on, and right side up. Pilled with water, she was swept down the rapids below. Having
taken that "drop"? our navigators made no further efforts to save their vessel. Such
efforts would have been vain. Shipwreck was inevitable and imminent! As if a
Virginian Sesesh River-God, angered because an unchristened Yankee Craft had "in-
vaded the sacred" waters of the Occoquan, determined to end her voyage, had seized
the helm, and after steering her safely past a dozen boulders in as many rods, ran her
upon a rock "head on," and like Oliver Wendell Holmes' "One Hoss Shay," she went
to pieces in a second. The wreck, in many fragments, the Commander and his mate,
went down the river separately. About twenty rods below the place where they had
so suddenly and unceremoniously parted company with their boat, they managed to
reach the shore. They were decorated with many contusions and wet to the skin.
Except for these trifles their recent immersion seemed not to have affected them
"spiritually" or otherwise, or even to have dampened their cheerfulness. They felicitat-
ed themselves upon having water-proof match boxes, and were able to start a fire.
Before the arrival of their over-burdened comrades, they had dried their clothes, and
were ready for any further adventure that might offer. Night coming on, they cooked
a hearty supper to which they did full justice. They discussed their adventures of the
day around their camp fire and finally, without posting any guard or taking the least
precaution against .surprise or danger, these fearless boys stretched themselves on the
ground near their fire, in plain view of the Secessionist on the opposite bank, and slept as
soundly and with as little concern for their personal safety as they could have done
in the cosey and comfortable bed-rooms of their paternal homes in Vermont. After
breakfast next morning they went back from the river to the road over which their
regiment had marched, and found it making camp about a mile below.

Several of their comrades went with them to the river and helped to bring in
their baggage. They had, at least, succeeded in changing camps without heavy march-
ing, carrying, or abandoning their baggage. And, from their view point, thej' had en-
joyed a good time.

Comrade E. O. Johnson who died in Colchester in the fall of 1902 was (except
Colonel Clark) the last survivor of this boating party.

Commander Clark's argonauts were disbanded, and he resumed the pleasures and
perils of scouting beyond the lines. He continued to perform this service until his
regiment started on its Gettysburg campaign, when he returned to duty with his Com-
pany, participated with it in the battle of Gettysburg, and the hardships and sufferings
incident to that series of desperate forced marches by which the 13th Vermont Regi-
ment reached that battlefield.

Biographical and Historical of Company D. 523

There is elsewhere recorded, in this history, an account of the valuable and humane
services Sergeant Clark rendered a disabled comrade on his journey from Baltimore,
Md., to Brattleboro, Vt, where the 13th Vermont Regiment was mustered out.

In the fall of 1864 he went to New Orleans, and was for two years employed by a
firm of wholesale grocers and cotton factors of that city. He then returned to Ver-
mont and engaged in merchandising in Milton as a member of the firm of Ladd &
Clark. He sold out his business in Milton in 1871; went to New York and became a
member of the Importing House of Davis, Clark & Co., where he prosecuted a success-
ful business Until 1886, when he retired. In 1878, at Milton, Vt., he was married to
Miss Kate Clark Rixford, with whom and three daughters he is now living at East
Orange, N. J. His loyalty to Vermont has been as unvarying as her mountains. She
has been the Mecca of all his pilgrimages. He has large property interests in the State,
and always maintains a home in his native town. There is no more enthusiastic or
devoted member among the survivors of the 13th Vermont Regiment than Colonel
Henry O. Clark. He was president of the Regimental Association and of the Committee
and of the sub-committee on Regimental Monument, the erection of which was largely
due to his exhaustless energy and intelligent and persistent efforts and liberality, ably
seconded by his co-workers on the sub-committee. He is a member of Lafayette Post,
G. A. R., New York, and has held various positions in the G. A. R. and is now president
of the Association of the 1st Army Corps. Two facts in this sketch must have attracted
the attention of the most casual reader. No consent to navigate the Occoquan River
was given to any other, and no general consent could have been given without in-
volving results that no regimental commander could have sanctioned. Ergo, Sergeant
Clark was a favorite with his military associates. Scouts wear their uniforms and
are not disguised; but, except one other whose skill had made him a necessity to the
natives. Sergeant Clark was the only one they tolerated. He was therefore a favorite
also with Virginians.

I shall attempt no analysis of this record, or comment further upon it. But, if I
were to picture my own ideal of the best type of a Green Mountain Boy nearing his
majority, I would present a healthy, vigorous, strong limbed, broad shouldered, full
chested, strong spined, broad headed, rosy cheeked, stalwart, athletic specimen; clear
eyed, patriotic, intelligent, honest, fearless, active and brave; endowed with fortitude,
courage, invention, enterprise and strong common sense.

A pessimist seems like one, who having a choice between two evils, takes them
both.

My Green Mountain Boy is no pessimist. He is cheerful, hopeful, confident, and
always expects that good will come. If ill comes instead he makes the best of it. His
politeness does not consist in the adoption of certain set rules and ceremonial forms;
it wells up from the basis of all true politeness-natural goodness of heart. It is a
pleasure to him to be kind and helpful to others. By the most eminent authority,
therefore, he never lacks friends — "he shows himself friendly". Every survivor of
the 13th Vermont Regiment will easily recognize one of the originals of this picture.
It is for the general reader to determine whether it is discernable in the foregoing record.

During the battle of Gettysburg there were none in his regiment who fought more
bravely, or entitled themselves to more glorj' than Sergeant Henry 0. Clark. And the
13th Vermont Regiment fought desperately on that field, and history accords it much
glory.

S. F. BROWN.

Note — While the writer was tracing this sketch (Feb., 1903) Colonel Henry O.
Clark was enjoying a winter cruise on the Mediterranean with members of his family,
but there is no data at hand to show that he is commanding the ship. The writer
sincerely wishes for him and his family Bon Voyage! in which all the survivors of the
13th Vermont Regiment earnestly join.

S. F. BROWN.
J. F. DENSMORE.

Among the killed or fatally wounded in Company D at Gettysburg, was Sergeant
Julius P. Densmore. No better man served in the company than he, nor any that were
more universally esteemed. He was a fine physique of about 170 pounds, rugged and
healthy, abounding always in good nature and of a uniform sunny temperament. His
age was about twenty-five. His intercourse with all the members of the company was
most friendly and companionable, but especially so with Captain Munson and Lieutenant
Rolfe in whose neighborhood he was raised and with whom his youth and early man-
hood were spent.

With the exception of an accident before Gettysburg was reached his service was
in no way different from others. This accident in which he nearly lost his life was
the accidental discharge of a revolver in the hands of Captain Basconi at Camp Carusi,
Va. The ball took effect near the top of his forehead and ploughed a furrow across
the head under the scalp. The wound under the skill of Surgeon Nichols soon healed
and Densmore was able to march to Gettysburg with the regiment where he was
destined to receive another wound of a more serious character. In the afternoon of

524 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

the third day of the battle while the regiment was moving in the execution of the
order "change front forward on first company". Sergeant Densmore fell forward on his
face. The writer saw Lieutenant Hibbard raise him sufficiently to see who had fallen
and heard him say "poor Jule" and we passed on. After the repulse of the enemy at
this point he was seen to have raised himself to a sitting posture and leave was granted
at once to remove him from the field. His wound was a shattered skull by a fragment
of an exploded shell. He was able after a few days to be taken home to his parents
in Colchester, Vt., where he died August 31st, 1863.

His funeral was attended by most of the members of Company D. An impressive
service was conducted by his pastor. Rev. Samuel Whiting and his remains were borne
to the grave by his comrades with sincere grief. And now each year as we place flag
and flowers on his grave he appears in our memory as we knew him in his rugged man-
hood and we say "poor Jule."

JOHN H. LYON.

LEON H. DRAKE.

I received your letter requesting every member of the old Thirteenth Vermont
Volunteers to write something for the history you are preparing, and take pleasure in
sending you some memories of forty-one years ago. One morning in May, when we
were encamped on the Occoquan River our wagons started out to go to Fairfax Station
for rations. When going through a piece of woods our horses and men were captured
by Mosby's guerillas who bore them off Into rebeldom, leaving us to go hungry for the
want of hard tack and sow belly. This raised the wrath of our old fighting Colonel
Randall and he vowed he would have as many horses from the rebels as they had;
taken from us. He called for a hundred volunteers, ordered them to make a raid into
the enemy's country and not to return until we had the necessary number of horses.
We left camp In the early morning on foot with a few cavalry men, traveled fast as
possible, taking as many horses as we could find. About noon I saw a man working
with a team about a half mile from the road. Colonel Munson was riding near me — -
I asked permission to get the horses taking a young man with me — cannot remember
his name or company. We climbed fences, crossed fields and came up to our friend
Johnny who was dragging In wheat. After passing the time of day to make it easy to
approach him, 1 asked him to loan us his horses to ride Into the country, which we
knew he would not do. He said "No, I am late getting In my wheat and besides you
will not bring them back." I replied that we would return them If we came back that
way, that we were tired out and must have them. I then asked him to unhitch his
team, which he flatly refused to do. I then handed my gun to my comrade telling
him to watch Johnny while I took the harness from the horses, threw It upon the
ground, climbed upon the fine bay mare and my comrade took the other horse. We
bade good bye to our friend Johnny as we rode away — leaving him still hanging on to
the lines and damning the Yanks from away back. I then rode up to his house and
asked a woman standing in the door for their saddle, but she said they had no saddle.
There was a small piece of carpet on the floor by the door, which she allowed me to
take, but with a look that nearly froze me to the horse. We then started over fields
and fences as fast as the horses could take us to catch up with the rest of the boys — we
found them halted making coffee. By this time they had found quite a number of
horses and mules, but the boys who were not so fortunate as to have any were well
tired out — the Colonel said they could remain to await our return while we would
press farther on Into rebeldom. We dashed down the road as fast as we could go. I
had been riding all this time with no saddle and must say I felt as though I were
sitting on a lot of sharp pointed tacks. I looked at every plantation for a saddle — was
bound to have one If It could be found. Soon 1 noticed a large plantation about a
mile away, I asked Sergeant Henry 0. Clark of Company D, who was so fortunate as
to have both horse and saddle to ride with me over to this place. We left the command
and started across the fields. A man who was standing in the yard as we drew near
ran around the house. We ran our horses up to the house, asked a little boy about ten
years old where they kept the saddle, he replied, "up stairs." I told him to get It quickly
which he did. As I was about to put the saddle upon the horse a woman appeared and
grabbed hold of it — that meant war. Talk about Pickett's charge at Gettysburg, that
was nothing compared to this woman's charge. She had hold of one stirrup, I of the
other. She began to cry and said the saddle belonged to her dead husband who was
buried on yonder hill, I told her he would have no further use for It In this war, however,
she protested and I found the hot southern tears more effective than bullets and though
I needed the saddle sorely, was willing to compromise. She said she would tell us
where there were eight or ten government saddles It I would leave her saddle. Then
she told us that the Sunday before some of our cavalry had had a fight about four
miles south of their place — several of our men were killed, and their saddles lay there
beside the road. We did not take the bait, however. Comrade Clark and I held a
counsel of war and decided to leave the saddles and join the boys along the road
where we left them. By fresh tracks in the road we knew they had turned back
toward camp and we concluded that we too had better get out of the country, so w«

Biographical and Historical of Company D. 525

started at a good pace down through the woods. Clark could outride me as he had a
saddle. I felt as if I were riding on a red hot stove. As we came to a bend in thei
road some one shouted, "Halt", I thought some of the Johnnies were taking Clark in^
so started my horse at full speed, hoping to run through and escape. I met Clark
coming back after his gun which he had dropped in the road as he drew his revolver
at a man who was standing in the road. When the man saw Clark he ran away toward
a small settlement nearby to take us Yankies in, we thought, so we let our horses fly
overtaking the command as they had stopped to make coffee. Our boys nearly ran
Into a rebel camp of 10,000 on their way back. We found the rebels were on our trail
and that was when the woman wanted us to go for the saddles.

We rode all night after the twenty-four hours' hard ride, returned to camp with as
many horses and saddles as the rebels had taken from us. We were a tired lot of boys.
I couldn't sit down for a week. The fine mare that I captured on that trip was shipped
to Vermont by Colonel Munson who wanted her for his private use.

LEON DRAKE.
JOHN NAY HARMON.

was born in Milton, Vt., August 21st, 1842, on a farm near the village of Checkerberry in
said Milton, Vt., received my education at district school No. 7 at said Checkerberry.
Attended school one term at St. Albans in 1862. Henry Harmon (my father) was
born in Belfast, Ireland. Emily (Nay) Harmon, mother, was born in Milton, Vt.

John Nay Harmon married Helen Fay eldest, daughter of E. J. Fay and Mary Ann
(Peterson) Fay of Burlington, Vt. Of children there were four, three now living,
Edward Fay born January 19th, 1874, now residing in St. Louis. Mo.; Ada S., born
January 6th, 1876, teacher in public schools, Nashua, N. H.; Harry Willard, born March
29th, 1882, locomotive fireman, B. & M. R. R.

My anxiety became so strong in wanting to enlist in the summer of 1862, that I
was talking about it all the time. I had one chum of a boy that wanted to enlist as
bad as myself. Neither of our fathers would listen to a word of it. Well the time
came to raise the 10th Vermont Regiment. We met on the green or common of the
village one Saturday afternoon and had a long talk and decided to go to Burlington
and enlist that night, walked to the depot 21/2 miles, boarded the last train tor Bur-
lington. Arrived in town about half past nine o'clock, did some enquiring around
about recruiting officers, was informed we would have to go to the company ground
about two miles towards Shelburne. We decided to wait until morning, went to a
friends house to stay all night. We had an evening visit with the family, so did not
return until 11 o'clock. I awoke about twelve or half past, and heard a sobbing in the
dark, asked what the trouble was, the complaint was that he had left home with-
out saying anything to his father and mother and he was going home in the morning.
Well we decided to go right off, got started about one o'clock. On the way home we
had one of the heaviest thunder storms of the season. We came to a farm house and
tried to get under a shed but the dog had the best right and we did not dispute his
right very much. Well we arrived home about half past four in the morning. When
I went through the gate I saw my father going up stairs to call my brothers (which
there were 2), I got a pail and went out milking the cows; my father came out to the
yard, asked me where I stayed last night. I said I stayed with Leon. Well in the course
of the forenoon father saw Mr. Drake, he asked father if Leon stayed with John last
night, father said John says he stayed with Leon, then there was an investigation. We
had a good long walk of about 15 miles that night. About a month or six weeks the
call was made for the 9 months' men, then I asked my father to give his consent, said
he would think it over. I could not wait for that and enlisted with H. O. Clark.

My experience and anxiety the day that we were mustered into the United States
service. (I was placed on guard in front of General Stoughton's headquarters way down
under the hill towards the village of Brattleboro), was not relieved vmtil about three
p. m. when I got into camp mustering was all over. Being green I did not know what
to do, so I did not do anything. I thought I would keep mum and go along with
them; the next thought was, would I get any pay; was rather anxious until pay day
came around; pay came also.

JOHN N. HARMON, 113 East Hollis Street.

MARK DAY.

I was born in 1839, reared on a farm in Essex, Chittenden County, Vermont,
I was corporal in Captain Munson's Company D, 13th Regiment Vermont Volunteers,
enrolled on the nineteenth day of August, 1862. At the final examination at Brat-
tleboro I was rejected, but after talking with Captain Munson about being able to
draw my thirteen dollars per month he told me that it would be all right. My desire
to serve my country was too strong to take any advantage of the examining physician's
mistake. I went all through the service without missing a single duty on that account.

526 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

On our way to the seat of war we stopped at New Jersey for breakfast; they had soup
made up in barrels for the boys; we stuck up our noses at that fare but later we
saw the time we would be glad to get that.

I remember the review while we were encamped at Capitol Hill, Washington, D. C.
We were out nearly all day with all of our equipments on. It was a grand sight to
see the soldiers as they marched by companies, their bright guns glistening in the
sun. In thinking over our camp life there are many little incidents that I recall,
trading coffee for a warm meal or a dish of bread and milk. At one place they gave
us a large saucer filled with lobbered milk with molasses poured on top. What a
treat it was to receive a box from home filled with good things to eat. I often think
of the little raids we used to make foraging, going sometimes six or eight miles after
milk. On one expedition we acquired a little sheetiron stove which did us good service.
At the time of Randall's raid when we went from Camp Vermont to Fairfax Station
and back to Camp Vermont through the snow and mud it was the only stove in the
company. I recall the time when with four comrades I was detailed to go to Wash-
ington with twenty-five or thirty contrabands, we went in a box car. On arriving in
Washington we formed them in line and marched them up to the contraband camp
and turned them over to the officer in charge. We were given a short leave of absence
and we improved the time up to the limit. I can never forget our long and arduous
march to Gettysburg, the many little episodes that happened on the march and the
evening we arrived on the battlefield. Our experience which followed while laying on
the ground guarding the batteries during the terrible artillery duel, or when
we moved forward to meet Pickett's men when they made their desperate charge to
break our lines. I recall helping Comrade Harmon carry Octave Marcell, who was shot
through the head. We carried him to the field hospital some distance to the rear.
Night coming on before we were able to find our company again, we slept under an
appletree that night, re-.ioining our Company the next morning. The fourth the different
bands of music came out and played patriotic airs to celebrate our victory; some of
the bands had dwindled down to two or three men. There are many interesting
incidents that I do not recall. Doubtless some of my comrades who have had the
opportunity of attending the camp fires and reunions of the old 13th can give a more
Interesting account. Soon after the battle our time having expired we left for Brat-
tleboro and were mustered out. I can assure my old comrades of the 13th that no
one will read the regimental history with more interest than your old comrade.

MARK DAY, Co. D.
MYRON P. SCULLIN,

private. Company D, 13th Regiment Vermont Volunteers, Infantrj', born July 17, 1841,
at Essex. Vt., enlisted at Colchester, Vt., Sept, 6, 1862. Mustered out at Brattleboro,
Vt, Oct. 31, 1863. Was wounded at Gettysburg ,Pa., in Pickett's charge, July 3, 1863 by
a musket shot in the ankle joint making a compound fracture. Right foot amputated
July 17, at Newton's University Hospital, Baltimore, Md., from which I was discharged
and sent to Vermont to be mustered out. When discharged from the hospital, Maj.
C. W. Jones, surgeon in charge, told me that it was a most remarkable recovery, that
I was the only one in that hospital from the battle of Gettysburg who had lived after
having a limb amputated, that he had my foot preserved in alcohol and I could have
it if I wanted it. At that time I did not want it, and he said that he would have it
mounted and send it to the Medical Museum in Washington, and there I found it.

I was born on a farm and attended the common school of my own town. When
I enlisted I was a mechanic. After the war in 1871 was employed as shipping clerk
for the firm of Henry Johnson and Lord, of this city until 1887, since that time have
not been engaged in any active pursuits. I am still living in Burlington. I am Past
Post Commander of Stannard Post No. 2. G. A. R., of Burlington. A Past Grand of
Green Mountain Lodge No. 1, I. O. O. F., of this city. A Past Chief Patriarch of
Green Mountain Encampment No. 3, I. O. O. F., of this city and Past Grand Patriarch
of the Grand Encampment of Vermont I. O. O. F.. and Past Captain of Canton Lafay-
ette, No. 3. I. O. O. F., Burlington, Vermont Patriarchs Militant.

MYRON P. SCULLIN,

Burlington, Vt., May 17, 1902.

Copied from the Free Press and Times of the date of Oct. 31, 1899.

HOW MYRON P. SCULLIN FOUND HIS LOST FOOT.

HE SEES IT FOR THE FIRST TIME I.N" THIRTY-SIX YEARS.

"Thirty-six years ago last July Myron P. Scullin of this city was fighting on
the Gettysburg battlefield in company D, 13th Vermont Regiment, and during the
three days' engagement was wounded in the foot and had a limb amputated just above
the ankle. Last week in Washington Mr. Scullin found his lost foot and examined
it for the first time since the surgeon's knife and saw separated it from the rest of
his body.

Biographical and Historical of Company D. 527

"The story althougti apparently incredible is true. The foot or bones of foot are
now on exhibition in the medical museum where such are kept in Washington. Wben
the toot was amputated after the wound the surgeon suggested to Mr. Scullin that
he preserve it. This Mr. Scullin did not care to do but owing to the peculiarity of
the wound the surgeon preserved the bones and in time they were placed in the
museum where their former owner saw them.

"Mr. Scullin accompanied the party which went to Gettysburg to attend the dedi-
cation of the 13th Vermont regiment's monument and later went to Washington with
the intention at least of making a search for his lost foot in the museum where he
had been told it was placed. On arriving at the Capitol he hurried away to the museum
and after some search stood for the first time in 36 years with his two feet nearer
than a mile apart. The bones of the foot are neatly mounted on a pedestal and are
boldly placarded with the owner's name."

JOHN W. FOREST.

I was born at Winooski, Vermont, October 20, 1845. In August, 1862, I enlisted
at Winooski as flfer of Company D, 13th Vermont Regiment. Served a full term of
service and later was a government telegraph operator for nearly two years, being
stationed in Alabama and Tennessee. Remained in the South until '67, then came
to Vermont, and in 1870 went west as civil engineer for the Northern Pacific Rail-
road. Came to Kansas in '71 and in '73, settled in Thayer, Kans., as a hardware
merchant. Married a Vermont girl in 1876. In 1886 sold my hardware store and
have since been engaged in the banking business, my present occupation.

I have always cherished a warm regard for my native state and her brave sons
of the 13th Vermont, especially of Company D. I recall with enthusiasm the many
cheerful and amusing incidents of army life and still think with regret of the sad
events, particularly the long, hard march to Gettysburg and the terrible havoc of those
three days, July first, second, and third, 1863.

I remember with especial distinctness some of the incidents of the very dis-
agreeable stormy season of December, '62. Our regiment had been stationed for
some time at Camp Vermont near Alexandria, but after a fortnight of alternate rain
and snow and when the roads were consequently very muddy, we were ordered to
break camp. Early in the afternoon we were ready to go but the order to march did
not come until almost night. We were soon on the road to Alexandria, but before
we reached town it was very dark and the cold, drizzling rain did not improve the
situation greatly. Officers carrying lanterns rode at the front and the rear, but our
progress was painfully slow.

After leaving Alexandria we found ourselves in a strange country. Not knowing
where the road led, we could only follow those in front of us; but we kept togethejr
fairly well until midnight when the line broke at a cross-road, and in the darkness
and rain about half of the regiment wandered down the wrong track. After what
seemed ten hours, we found our comrades again and plodded on wearily until we
were turned into some woods to spend the rest of the night. No matter what the
circumstances or surroundings, soldiers will build fires; so very soon the logs were
blazing cheerily and we lay down to sleep. In the morning we awoke to find our-
selves covered with snow and frozen mud, but we marched on to Fairfax Court
House and were then ordered into the woods a mile away.

All this time nothing was known of our baggage train with our rations, and
though it was exptected any hour, it did not arrive for ten days. For shelter we
made bough houses which if not elegant served their purpose quite well. To the
regulars of to-day such a camp would present a ludicrous appearance. The little
bough houses were everywhere, no regularity being observed in their arrangement
or construction. Some were fairly large, some small, and most of them were pieced
out with shelter tents. Anything that could afford protection was put up wherever
a suitable space could be found. And the regiment was as hopelessly mixed up as
were the streets of the camp. Regardless of the companies to which they belonged
the men had formed squads to build and occupy houses in partnership.

Though this confusion was soon to cause me no little bewilderment and worry,
it troubled us very slightly then; the missing baggage train and supplies caused far
greater anxiety. We were in a country almost destitute of the necessities of life and
though probably was not a day but that every soldier had something to eat, there
was surely never a day that any man had a full meal. After ten days a part o£ the
longed for train arrived and our cook drew rations of beans for the entire company,
secured the necessary kettles, built fires, and the beans began to boil. It was ten
o'clock at night, however, before the cook pronounced them done and sent out tjie
welcome call "beans on the trencher". Three or four rods from the cook's fire, my
chi^m, Charles Stannard, and myself occupied a small shelter tent. When the call
came Stannard said, "Here, Forest, take my plate along and don't be slow about
getting back!" When I reached the fire, I found that the beans were being dished
out on the further side, so around the fire I went and waited my turn. After some,

528 The Thirteenth Regiuient Vermont Volunteers

little time I received my double rations and mindful of Stannard's words started for
our tent In a hurry. In my haste and hunger I quite forgot that I had come around
the Are; consequently when I started directly away from the fire I went in exactly
the wrong direction. I soon discovered that I was lost but there was nothing to
guide me home for everywhere were the bough tents and before each tent there was a
fire just like the one in front of my own. With a full plate of beans in each hand, I
wandered vainly around for a long time. Asking for information was worse than
going hungry for in answer to my question "What company is this?" I was always

told, "Company I, you d nd fool." It was fun for the soldiers for they saw at once

that I was lost and they guyed me unmercifully. Indeed my appearance must have
been ludicrous in the extreme. Imagine a big, overgrown boy, nearly six feet tall,
stumbling around at half past eleven at night, with a plateful of beans in each hand,
but too badly scared to have sense enough to sit down and eat them although he
had been hungry for a week!

At last I heard someone explaining with a great deal of emphasis, to an amused
group how his bloody-minded comrade had stolen his rations and sneaked off to eat
them, and what dire retribution would befall that comrade should he ever dare re-
turn. It was the voice of Stannard and overjoyed to find my tent again, I braved
his vengance and soon two tired, desperately hungry boys were enjoying their mid-
night supper of cold beans.

EDWARD FREEMAN.

In answer to your kind and welcome letter will be pleased to tell you all about
my old army days. I would have answered sooner but it was because I never received
circulars No. 1 and No. 2. I enlisted in the United States service as private under/
Capt. William D. Munson, in Company D, 13th Regiment Vermont Volunteer Infantry,
September 6, 1862, Brattleboro, Vt. The regiment was equipped with the latest pattern
of Springfield rifles, was mustered into the service October 10, 1862. September 11 left
for Washington, arrived there on the 13th and went into camp on Bast Capitol
Hill, where on the 27th it formed a part of the 2nd Vermont Brigade. We at once went
into active service and I participated in the following battles: Fairfax Court House,
Va., December 28, 1862. There we were called out at midnight to meet a large force
of rebel cavalry under command of General J. B. B. Stuart. We fired a few volleys
with rifle and cannon and made them retreat and that was all of that fight, and while
at Fairfax Court House we had a pretty good time, stealing hoe cakes and sassafras
beer and kissing the countiT girls. That was all the fun I had in Fairfax and frorn
there marched back to Camp Vermont, near Alexandria and stayed there a few weeks
and then marched down to Union Mills near Bull Run battlefield, where the Vermont
troops in two great battles retreated to avoid capture. We remained here about a
week and were ordered back to Camp Vermont and stayed there a week or two and
from there ordered to Fairfax Court House where we remained until January 20, 1863
and then marched to Wolf Run Shoals where we remained until spring. This was a
bad camp yet we had some fun and plenty of picket duty. The right wing had a snow
ball fight with the left. The left won the honors. We stayed at Wolf Run Shoals
about ten weeks and then marched down the river Occoquan near the village and had
a great time there fishing and playing ball and pitching horseshoes, etc. We were
now and then around the farmers' houses stealing chickens and drinking milk and
had a great time with the girls. I had a fine little girl by the name of Violet and came
pretty near marrying her and that was the end of my fun I had in that part of the
country. I can remember the battle of Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 2 and 3, 1863, and
after the battle my comrade shot a rebel right in the head because he would not give
up his gun. After the war I married Alice Goiett, both of Colchester Point; have
been married thirty-seven years. We have two children now. adopted, one's name is
Albert Paridice and the other Leo St. John. Albert, aged 23; Leo, aged 15. Leo is
a school boy. His great grandfather was at the battle of Waterloo.

From Comrade Edward Freeman.

JOSIAH M. GARY.

Comrade Sturtevant, Colchester, Vt., May 17, 1905.

Dear Sir;
Perhaps I am too late with my reply, but if so, little will be lost. I enclose a
photo taken a short time after our discharge, also one just taken. I am not a ready
writer and age, and poor health oblige me to keep moving to make a living. My history
is brief. I am the 2nd son of Jesse and Sarah (Greenough) Gary, Both of whom
were born in Colchester and always lived here. I was 29 years of age when I enlisted
in Company D, 13th Regiment Vermont Volunteers, a widower with one child, a son
18 months of age who died at the age of 27 years. I served in the ranks for a time
then was detailed as nurse and served in that capacity the remainder of my term.

Biographical and Historical of Company D. 529

The term of our enlistment expired soon after the battle of Gettysburg and when the
regiment started for Vermont I was left with the wounded. I had special charge of
Comrade Densniore till he reached home, then helped care for Comrade Marrs till his
death from fever. My occupation was farming before and since the war. In 1870
I married Miss Lucy M., daughter of James M. and Mary A. Wheelock of Milton. We
settled in Brandon, Vt., but at the close of the year removed to Milton, where we lived
13 years when we came to Colchester where we still reside. Our family of 3 sons
and two daughters were born in Milton. All are living. One son Llewellyn D., served
in the Massachusetts 2nd Regiment, Company I, in Cuba during the Spanish-American
War. He now lives in Springfield, Mass. One son lives in Connecticut. The others
here in Colchester. This is of no interest to any but you can eliminate what is use-
less or burn the whole. The card picture my wife wishes to keep as it is the only
one in the family. Hoping this will serve your wants, I remain very respectfully
yours,

JOSIAH M. CARY.

LEWIS BARTTRO,

son of Joseph and Mary Louisa Barttro, was born at Point Du Lac, P. Q., January IS,
1S29. Julia Plicia, his wife, was born at St. Pierre Les Becquets, P. Q., November 1,
1S31. Lewis enlisted from Richmond, Vt., September 17, 1862, and served nine months
in Company D, 13th Regiment Vermont Volunteers, and was a good and faithful soldier.
I was a shoemaker, by trade, at time of enlistment. Was honorably discharged from
the army July 22, 1863, and lived in Richmond, Vt, forty-two years (42) after discharge,
working at my trade two years, then had to give that up on account of disability and
worked at farming and carpentering, till about five years ago, since when I have been
disabled to do any kind of work.

I can tell but little of my grandfather, all I can say is that he came from the city
of Sorel, P. Q. to Point Du Lac, after the French and Indian war in 1700. I don't know
as he had any relatives, for none ever came to see him and he never spoke of any. My
mother's people came from France before the French and Indian War, to Quebec. My
great grandfather Baribeau was scalped by the Indians in Quebec, and his skin nailed
to the door of his dwelling, while his wife was at sea. Before my grandfather was
scalped, his wife and six children and six hundred persons more were sent out on the
broad sea to perish. They were six weeks at the mercy of the waves, and during that
time peace was made. After peace was declared, a ship was sighted and the people of
Quebec thought it the same ship that was sent out to perish, so men were sent out to
have the ship brought to shore and it proved to be the same ship that had been sent
out to perish. All that were on board that ship were saved except one child that
died on ship during the six weeks It was out at sea. My father was a British soldier
during the war of 1812-13, serving thirteen months in that war.

I was in the battle of Gettysburg and just as we were advancing to where the
charge was made a grape shot hit Loomis Bentley in the wrist, the shot lodging between
the bones of the lower arm. At the same time one of the shots hit Harry Tomlinson in
the shoulder. About that time a piece of iron about two inches thick and ten inches
long was seen coming towards us, the ends striking the ground now and then. Just
as I was going to call to the boys to look out, the iron struck William Crosby in the
forehead. He was lying on the ground near George Fenwick, where he raised his
head just in time to be hit by the iron, Fenwick at the same time saying "Oh! My God,
Willie, are you hurt?" When he saw the blood come from the wound, Fenwick took
his handkerchief and put it on the wound, and saying, "lie down Willie, lie down." At
that time the order was given to go to where there were a few rails, laid along for
protection, and I left them, Crosby being still unconscious. A few minutes later, some
one came along and said, "One of your company boys is wounded", who proved to be
Wm. Marsh of Shelburne, who had both ankles shot off, of which he died in about
four hours afterwards. John Johnson was hit in the hip by a piece of shell that was
buzzing in the air, but did not cut his flesh as it struck on the flatside of the shell.
Another one that was hurt was Octave Marcelle, who was hit in the temple by a minnie
ball and died the next afternoon. M. P. Scullin who was standing by me, was hit on
the Instep by a ball, which since his foot has had to be amputated.

After Crosby was hit, I advanced a few rods ahead of him, towards the rails and
did not see him again, nor inquired about him for I thought him dead, but when I
reached Baltimore on our return home, who did I see as we passed by the car that
carried the sick and wounded, but Wm. Crosby sitting by the window with his head in
bandages. During the battle of Gettysburg I also saw a corporal of another company,
which I thought was Company K, hit by a shot while he and another fellow were getting
water for a wounded soldier, the ball striking him in the back and passing through
his stomach. He died instantly. We were mustered out at Brattleboro and I returned
home on the eve of July 22, 1863. Lewis was married to Julia Plicia, eldest daughter
of Maurice and Matilda Plicia, of St. Pierre Les Becquets, P. Q., September 23, 1849 at
Worcester, Mass.

530 The Thirteenth Reyiuient Vermont Volunteers

Of their 18 children six are dead, (1905), Junius, born August, 1855 and died in May,
1856, Joseph P., born March, 1859 and died June, 1861; Joseph C, born September 12,
1865 and died May 23, 1894; Lewis born June 19, 1853 and died July 23, 1896; Thomas
F., born March 31, 1877 and died October 13, 1900; and Martha, wife of John Root, born
October 23, 1867 and died February 8, 1901. The children that are living are Julia,
wife of S. Desany, was born July 25, 1850; Fannie wife of Lewis Christmas, born
September 19, 1851; Junius born January 4, 1857; Eleanor, wife of Geo. Dumas, born
March 29, 1858; George H., born March 29, 1860; Louisa M., wife of L. J. Rockwell,
born March 28, 1861; Sarah E., born November 26, 1869; Agnes M., born June 15, 1871;
Addie, wife of B. J. Zens, born January 7, 1874; Demaris, born March 29, 1876; Ocha,
born June 14, 1878 and Enlalia, wife of John Root, born February 3, 1879.

WILLIAM CROSBY.

When the Civil War broke out I was very enthusiastic about going to the front, but
as I was not of legal age, my father hesitated about giving his consent, however, I
enlisted in the Ninth Regiment and drilled under Captain Beebe, but was taken out
by my father, just as we were ready to start for the front. My second attempt to
enlist was in the First Vermont Cavalry, which also proved a failure, but my parents
finding I was so determined to flght for my country that they gave their consent and
I, at the age of sixteen, enlisted in the 13th Vermont at Winooski Falls, Vt., drilling
in what was known as Weaver's lot, and then went to Brattleboro and was mustered
into the United States service and proceeded to Washington to the front — my desire
to serve my country at last being realized. We encamped at Wolf Run Shoals, Va.,
where we did considerable skirmishing and, in the meantime, had an encounter with
Mosby's guerillas. From there we went to Occoquan and then proceeded to Gettysburg
and engaged in that great battle which you are all so familiar with, I will not describe
but will add that I was wounded in the head on the third day by the bursting of a
shell. It has been my great pleasure to visit several times of late years, these famous
battle grounds where I have met old friends and spent many hours talking over the
past and enjoying the present.

My picture in this book, the smaller of which represents me as a boy of sixteen,
a.s I left my heme at Burlington, Vermont, Sept. 6, 1862, and enlisted iii the United
States service as a private under Captain William D. Munson, Co. D, 13th Vermont
Regiment. The regiment was mustered into service at Brattleboro, Oct. 10, 1862, after
which we were ordered to Washington, D. C. where we camped on East Capitol Hill,
and formed part of the Second Vermont Brigade. With my regiment I participated
in the following battles: Fairfax Court House, Va., Dec. 28, 1862, Gettysburg, Pa.,
July 3, 1863. On the evening of July 3rd I received a wound in the head and was taken
to the field hospital where I had my wound dressed. Twice I was surrounded by
Mosby's cavalry, but escaped each time. I was honorably discharged July 21. 1863.

The latter and larger picture represents me as I am to-day, a plumber, at mv home
in Vergennes, Vt., where I have lived ever since my discharge, enjoying good health
with the exception of the wound in my head, which causes me a great deal of trouble
at times. One of my greatest pleasures is attending the reunions of my regiment,
where I meet so many of my comrades, and renew old acquaintances.

An important reunion of my regiment was held in October, 1899, at Gettysburg,
where we met and dedicated a monument. This was a particularly important meet-
ing, and a sad one as we bade each other good-bye, as each one realized that perhaps
it would be the last time we would all meet together again.

JOHN M. ROLFE

at the organization of Company D was elected second lieutenant. He had had military
training at Norwich Military School and was thus qualified to be and was an efficient
officer. But his service was short, owing to the death of a brother at home and the
infirmities of his father he resigned January 30th, 1863. Since the war his life was
spent as a farmer; represented his town in the legislature, held the various town
offices and was an honorable and respected citizen. He died September 13, 1902

CHARLES W. ATHERTON

The tall private at the head of the company roll of privates was one of my tent
mates and a kinder, better friend I never had. He was always able to do his own
work and if I was in any wav disabled, do mine most willingly. I have felt all the years
since an indebtedness to Wesley for his extreme kindness to me and the helps re-
ceived from him. In the spring of '63 he was detailed to serve as nurse in our regi-
mental hospital. There he contracted typhoid fever and was taken to general hospital at
Alexandria, Captain Bascom visited him there. I suppose he went as near the brink

Biographical and Historical of Company D. 531

as any man ever does and lives. Prom this time his service with the regiment was
ended. He regained his health and after a time was married and lived in Underbill,
Vt. He died there about 1890.

JOSEPH BARABY

A healthy, robust, good feeling young man, always ready for any duty that came to
him. Stayed with the regiment to the muster out without a break. I do not remember
any particular incidents connected with Joe except that I traded watches with him
and got the worst of it. The last I knew of him, years ago, he was in Troy, N. Y.

J. B. BEAUCHEMIN

was of French extraction of Canadian birth. He was physically as line a specimen
of young manhood as our Company contained and was mentally and by education well
equipped. He was in every sense a good soldier. He enlisted with us as a stranger
and at the close of our term disappeared and none of his company have seen or heard
of him since so far as I can learn.

WILLIAM BLAKELEY

One of the Colchester boys of American stock and birth, was a cousin of Lieutenant
Rolfe. His service as a soldier was entirely creditable. Possessing as he did, a some-
what pugnacious disposition by nature he was well fitted to do valiant service in battle.
After the war he engaged in railroad work and while employed as passenger conductor
his health failed and he died in March, 1S81, Fort Wayne, Ind.

A. J. BEEMAN

Miy recollection of Jack is not so pleasant as of most of the others. Irritable in
disposition and apparently devoid of any patriotic sentiment. But the least said
the better in such cases which were happily rare. He returned without injury and
followed the trade of carpenter. He died in Plattsburg, N. Y., many years ago.

WILLIAM CROSBY

As a soldier boy was a good type, quiet and modest in manner, willing and faithful
in the execution of all duties that came to him. He served the full term of the
regiment and came home with the respect of his comrades and he has never lost it.
He has been a regular attendant at our regimental reunions and at G. A. R. gather-
ings. He has been located many years at Vergennes, Vt., and I suppose is rich, for
his business is that of plumber. At any rate he appears to be well fed and wears
good clothes. Long live William.

GEORGE FENWICK

wa« an Englishman by birth and early training. He was one of the older men of
Company D. His soldierly bearing and general conduct in the ranks and out was very
marked among his comrades. It was said that he had seen service at home in the
British army. He was ready, prompt and obedient. These qualities were noted by
the company officers and he was promoted corporal in February, 1863. He died in
1909 at the age of 80 odd years.

UDNEY FARNSWORTH

was one of Colchester's native sons. At enlistment he was a youth of 17 years, but
in physical size and strength a young Hercules. As a soldier there was nothing lacking,
never complained at hardships or shortage of rations or their quality, answered every
roll call except for a short period when the measles claimed his closest attention.
From this he recovered in time to take the memorable seven days' march to Gettys-
burg and in the battle fought with bravery. After reaching home he attended one
term of school, then engaged in railroad work as section hand in Highgate, Vt., for
n time. In the fall of 1864 he with a few other young men went to the state of Iowa.
On arriving there young Farnsworth at once applied to the Chicago and Northwestern
Railroad for work. He was promptly given a job as freight brakeman which he filled
for three weeks, then was set to firing. In three years he was given an engine and
for about 40 years he has been driving a passenger locomotive back and forth on
the lines of the same company he first engaged with, and I will venture that he is
rated one of the best engineers in their service. His faithfulness as a soldier has
iDeen conspicuous in the service of a great corporation, in a most responsible position
where honest, careful work commands a premium.

532 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

SETH A. H. GRIFFIN

was called the laziest man in "D." With a minimum amount of exercise, it was under-
stood that he could eat more beans than any man in the company. Untidy in the
care of himself and careless as to his equipments, slow to respond to calls to duty.
Not a favorite in the daily rounds of camp life. But to his credit — be it said—
and I know it from my own observation — he fought in battle manfully and with
seeming disregard of what might be the result to him. My feelings underwent
a change favorable to Crawford, and I concluded it was not always the sleekest man
that was of the most worth in emergency. Elliot had a brother, Stephen, in Company
A. They went West and were there the last I knew of them.

SETH W. H. GRIFFIN

Although a large, strong looking man was not able to endure the hardships and ex-
posure of soldier life in the field. His health failed to such an extent that he waa
discharged from the service Jan. 12, 1863. He died Sept. 13, 1897.

R. J. GRIFFIN

Second corporal, was a very tall, slimly built man. His service was in every way
creditable. His health not the best but was able to serve with the regiment to the
end. The only peculiar incident that I remember now about him was the loss of his
voice, which he went without for some months. He died December 31, 1902, at
Northfield, where he had made his home for several years.

SAMUEL HAND

was the oldest man in Co. D. He wanted to go with the boys and although about 60
years old was passed by the inspector. His case well defined the saying, "Old men
for council; young men for war," for he was utterly unable to march or perform any
of the harder duties. He was a very genial man and well liked. Was detailed for
most of the time as cook's helper. When the regiment started on its long march
Uncle Sam was left behind and we did not see him again until after our arrival at
Brattleboro, when he came to us there. He was in a somewhat battered condition for
on his way home he reached New York while the great riot was in progress and his
uniform betrayed him to the fury of the mob, and he was roughly handled. He thus
had an opportunity to witness a period of mortal combat, the scenes of which he
related to us in his quaint way. He died a few years later.

E. 0. AND JOHN JOHNSON

In Company D there were eight pairs of brothers; the Johnson boys were one.
Both good soldiers, always well, marched with the regiment to Gettysburg, fought
through the battle and returned unharmed except a slight wound received by John.
John went West soon after the war, last heard of in Utah, more than thirty years
ago. Eben O. remained here, succeeded to his father's farm, was prominent in town
affairs many years. He made many friends. He died Jan. 14, 1903.

JOHN KELLEY

was next to the oldest man in Co. D, being, I think, about fifty. Although past the age
limit, I do not remember that he failed to perform his share of the duties right
through. He was a quiet man, attended to his own business and had no trouble with
his comrades.

ANTOINE LAROSE

enlisted in Company D from South Hero, Vt. My remembrance of him is one of robust
health and strength, a splendid specimen of young manhood, capable of endurance
in the hardest service, even tempered, willing and obedient to every call. But sick-
ness overtook him and the last we saw of him was, I think, the morning of the 25th
of June when all was activity in preparation of the great march, when two men were
assisting him down the company street to be taken with the other sick of the regi-
ment to some general hospital. It is recorded in the Revised Roster of the state that
he died July 18, 1863, and was buried in the National Military Cemetery.

THOMAS CALVERT

of Essex, 20 years of age, enlisted at Colchester, and became one of Company D, bright,
cheerful and good-hearted, he was the friend of all. Seemingly in perfect health, he

Biographical and Historical of Coinpanv D. ^j;^

was prompt and ready at all times for duty, or for fun. Probably from exposure in
the spring of '63 which was a cold and rainy season, he contracted typhoid fever, and
though he received the best care possible in the regimental hospital he died June 15th,
1863, at Camp Carusi, near Occoquan, Va. He gave his life at his country's call.
His remains were returned to Vermont and now rest in the Cemetery in his native
town.

JOHN ANDRESS

was a native of Milton and at the alleged age of 18 enlisted in August, 1862, in Com-
pany D of the 13th Vt. Regiment. He was a boy full of fun rather inclined to reck-
lessness, always ready to have a good time and equally ready to perform any duty
to which he might be assigned. He was one of those who accepted circumstances as
they came, and found no fault. If rations were short, and the march hard he made
no complaint, but was cheerful and contented. In camp with plenty to eat, little work,
pleasant weather, and a good place to sleep he was equally happy. He now resides in
Burlington and though not so strong and hearty as 48 years ago, is just as cheerful
and happy as in the days of long ago.

LOOMIS M. BENTLEY

twenty years of age, enlisted in August, 1862, and became a member of Company
D. He was a quiet man, strict in obedience to orders and made a good, reliable
soldier. He lay with the Company in the front line of battle at Gettysburg and during
the terrific cannonading preceding Longstreet's assault July 3rd, Bentley was hit by
a grape shot which passed through his left arm breaking both bones, and placing
him on the retired list for that day and fight. He was discharged at Brattleboro,
returned to Milton where he remained for some years. At the issue of this book he
is reported as dead.

WILLIAM P. CALVERT

enlisted at Colchester, at 22 years of age in Company D, August, 1862. He was a quiet
man and a good soldier, though lacking in those qualities that made his brother
Thomas popular with his comrades, he was a straight and true man. He served the
full term and was discharged with the regiment at Brattleboro. After the war he
lived in Colchester and died at Winooski many years ago.

OLIVER CHERRIER

enlisted in Company D in September, 1862. He was older than most in that Company,
being over 30 years of age. Different from most of French extraction he was a quiet,
unobtrusive man, who attended strictly to his own affairs. Extremely neat in his
personal dress, he kept his gun and equipments polished to the highest degree. He
commanded the respect of his comrades and in the early part of 1863 was promoted
to be a corporal. No officer in the company appreciated the honor more, or was
more rigid in carrying out the duties devolving upon him. He was a first class soldier
In every respect. After discharge with the Company he located in Fairfax, and died
there in 1892.

ROYAL S. CHILDS

enlisted in Milton, at 19 years of age, and became a member of Company D. Tall,
thin and with a boyish face he certainly looked to be about 17, and it is possible that
his desire to do his part in the great struggle, induced him to advance his age a
couple of years, to be accepted as a soldier for the Union. He was always ready
when called, and made no complaint. Served through with the Company, was mus-
tered out at Brattleboro July 21st, '63 and is now living at Clinton, Mass. He cherishes
a warm feeling toward his former comrades and frequently attends the annual meet-
ings of the Association.

JOSEPH CROTO

was of French extraction and at 33 years of age, enlisted in Colchester in September
1862, in Company D. Although an entirely new avocation for him, he being by trade
a shoemaker, he took kindly to military life and discipline. Met the various changes of
hard marches and poor feed, followed by idle camps, and fresh oysters at 10 cents
a quart, solid meats, with equanimity, and made no complaint. Serving out his full
time he located in South Hero, where he followed his trade for many years. Later
he moved to Leadville, Colo., since which we have no record of Joe Croto.

JOSEPH DOUGLASS

enlisted at 19 years of age in Milton, and became a member of Company D, 13th
Regiment Vermont Volunteers. Strong and hearty, always ready and willing, he was

534 '^/''' Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Vohmteers

one of the best soldiers in the company. That he could milk a Virginia cow, and
in the night, would indicate that he possessed other, and persuasive power, as well as
strength. He was always on hand at roll call, marched with the regiment to Pennsyl-
vania, went through the battle of Gettysburg without a scratch, returned to Vermont
and was mustered out with his comrades July 21st, 1863. Since the war he has lived
in Milton and is now a prosperous farmer there.

ANTOINE GARROW

enlisted in Company D, at Milton in September, '62, being 20 years of age. He was
an easy going boy of French descent and not over fond of work, a characteristic
which has remained with him to the present time. He marched with the Company
to Gettysburg and no fault can be found with his work on that terrible afternoon
of July 3rd, '63. After his discharge at Brattleboro he returned to Milton, and lived
there for many years. At this writing he lives in the enjoyment of a liberal pension,
at Sodom, a village in Georgia, Vt.

JAMES D. GERMAN

was born and bred in Milton, enlisting from that town at 19 years of age in Company
D. He was a good soldier, though preferred to scout around outside, doing a little
foraging for private requirements, to standing camp guard or attending regimental
drills. It is said that he was an expert in "poker," which game, in a small way pre-
vailed in camp about pay day. He served with the company during its term and was
with it at Gettysburg escaping without a wound, and was discharged July 21st, 1863.
Leaving Vermont he entered the employ of the Central R. R. of New Jersey, and
died in Jersey City in 1904.

JOHN GREENWOOD

enlisted at the age of 26 at Colchester in Sept. '62 and became a member of Company
D. He was one of the most quiet men in the Company. There were times when
there was considerable confusion, noise, loud talk and some fighting in the Company,
but Greenwood was never a participant, sometimes in the dead hour of night, when
a turmoil began and the Captain appeared with the query, "Who is making all the
racket?" a dozen voices would reply much to the surprise of both parties "Greenwood."
He was a model soldier served his time and was discharged with the regiment. He
visits Vermont to attend the reunions of the regimental association, and is a pros-
perous farmer at Saranac, N. Y.

JAMES C. HARMON

was raised in Checkerberry, (a village in Milton), educated in the common and
select schools there, and enlisted at the age of 19 in August, '62, in Company D. He
was appointed by the town, a recruiting officer, and by his efforts many of his friends
joined the 13th Regiment. At the formation of the Company he was made a corporal,
and from his strict attention to duty, and his natural ability he was promoted Sergeant
and served with the company till discharged with the regiment by reason of expira-
tion of term of service. He was wounded at Gettysburg July 3rd, '63. Later he studied
medicine, was admitted to practice, married and located in Westford After some
years of successful jiractice he moved to Rantoul. 111., where he died in 1906. He
several times returned to Vermont to attend the annual reunions of the regiment
and was a loyal member of the Association.

THOMAS HODGKINSON

enlisted at Colchester in September. '62, in Company D. He was a tall, thin man,
aproaching 40 years of age, and living entirely within himself. Xot inclined to be
social he seemed more contented when standing guard at a post far removed, and
in self communion to be entirely satisfied. He was prompt at roll call, faithful in
discharge of any duty to which assigned, cool in battle, and made a thoroughly good
soldier. He was discharged with the regiment, and has not since been heard' of, at
least by the writer.

HOSEA T. HUMPHREY

was a resident of Richmond and in September, 1862, he joined Company D. The
writer has no official knowledge but he seemed to be about 40 years of age". To most
of the company he seemed an old man. He was not a very companionable man, made
no advances toward friendship with his comrades, but lived in himself. Prompt and
ready, he always answered to roll call and obeyed all orders. After his discharge he
returned to Richmond and a few years later removed to Pipestone, Minn., and died
■here in 1900.

Biographical and Historical of Company D. 535

DAVID KILEY

aged 18 years, enlisted at Milton in Company D, in August, '62. He was small in size,
and rather delicate in health, and must have been born under an unlucky star. He
always claimed that luck was against him. On a long march, in a dark rainy night he
fell in a well, the only man in the regiment with that experience. Prom the fact
that this accident happened while he was straggling three rods off the road, it may
be said that this was from lack of judgment rather than hard luck. At Wolf Run
Shoals he had, strictly against orders, acquired three chickens, evaded the guard and
gotten them safely into his tent, dressed and cooked them, and was just ready for a
good dinner. Evidently luck was with him so far, the fact that he had scattered the
feathers in front of his tent, just then led to his detection, confiscation of his dinner,
a merited punishment. Surely a lack of sound judgment. He did not make the
march to Pennsylvania. Having unnecessarily exposed himself, he contracted typhoid
fever, during which he went as near the bottom the the valley of the Shadow of Death
as ever a man goes, and returns. After his discharge he returned to Milton, living there
with all kinds of luck, mostly ill, until his death in 1905. He was sick of an incurable
disease and suffered greatly for three years. Though of irritable disposition, he
was generous and not one-half as bad as he tried to make himself appear.

JAMES MAROELLE

was born of French parents in Milton. At nineteen years of age he enlisted in Com-
pany D, went with the regiment to Virginia, performed every duty to which he was
assigned, making no complaints, enduring the hard part and enjoying the easy, he
marched with the company to Gettysburg, went bravely through the fight, returned
with the regiment and was mustered out July 21st, '63. He went at once to Milton,
soon married, bought a farm, and lived a quiet, respected life till his death in 1901.

MITCHELL LUCIA

was a native of Milton and there, at the age of 21, enlisted in August, 1862 in Company
D. Accustomed to hard work on a farm he made a good soldier. Of a rather sour
disposition, he was much inclined to find fault, and claimed it there was a hard
detail, or unpleasant duty it always fell to him. Much of his trouble, however, was
imaginary. He did his full duty, served his time and was discharged at Brattleboro,
with the company July 21st, '63. Returning to Milton he married, raised a large
family, and is now a prosperous farmer there.

ANDREW LUCIA

a brother of Mitchell, Andrew Lucia enlisted with him in Company D, being 19
years of age. Of large, compact build, great strength and activity, he was a valu-
able man in the Company. Of a bright, sunny disposition, full of fun and jokes he
added much to the social life, and brightened the weary march, and dull days of cold
and rainy camp life. He had a tremendous appetite and the writer has seen him
consume his entire day's rations of 22 ounces of warm, fresh baked bread, with 12
ounces of salt pork, at one sitting. He served his term without a day's illness, made
the Gettysburg march, fought through the battle, returned with the company to Ver-
mont, married and settled down in Milton, where he now lives with his family on his
own place, and though much crippled by rheumatism, with the aid of a liberal pension,
in comfortable circumstances.

CHARLES LADUE

was born in Milton and resided in that town all his life excepting only the time he
served as a soldier in the 13th Vermont Regiment. He enlisted at the age of 18,
in August, 1862, in Company D, and served with the Company till discharged at the
expiration of his term of enlistment. His father was a blacksmith, and he followed in
that occupation, and was considered one of the best in that essential industry. Leav-
ing a widow, and several small children, he died at the place of his birth in February,
1907.

JAMES McKOWEN

at the age of 20 enlisted at Colchester in August, 1862, in Company D. He made
a good soldier, never lost a day from Illness, answered every call promptly, and could
be depended on to execute any order given him. He was of an ingenious turn of mind
and could construct a stick and mud chimney that was proof against cartridges thrown
down it by mischievous comrades outside. He returned to Vermont with the com-
pany, emigrated to Tennessee, in which state he died previous to 1892.

SS*^' riic Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

ARNOLD MORTON

enlisted in September, 1862, from Milton, and became one of Company D, 13th Regi-
ment, being at the time 24 years of age. Though not of a strong constitution he was
every day on duty cheerfully obeying orders, and finding no fault. Of a quiet and
peaceful turn of mind, he was never engaged in any of the occasional squabbles in
the company, but when the time came for action, he was in the front rank, cool and
collected, with an intention to make every shot tell. After his discharge with the
regiment he returned to Milton where he, at this writing resides, a quiet, respectable,
and respected citizen.

LEO MUZZY

at 21 years of age enlisted in Milton in Company D. Of a quiet nature, he was thor-
oughly reliable, trusty and dependable, attending strictly to his own duties, and he
made no trouble for himself or others. Leo was always ready when called and
obeyed orders cheerfully and willingly. He was a good soldier. Returning to Milton
after his term of service had expired, he worked in a tannery there, and later in
Johnson. Afterward moved to Swanton where he died about 1899.

JOSEPH PRIM

was born and raised in Milton and at the age of 18 enlisted there in Company D.
He was a good, honest boy who had never been out of the county till he went to the
state rendezvous at Brattleboro. Everything interested him. He probably enjoyed
the campaign from first to last. He was always in good health, ate well, slept well
and performed the duties assigned to him without murmur or protest. After his
discharge he returned to Vermont, re-enlisted, and after the end of the war lived
for a time in Milton. Leaving there he was lost sight of but it is generally under-
stood that he is not living.

JOSEPH SANDERS

At 21 years of age enlisted in August, '62 in Company D at Milton. He was an
exceedingly lively young man and even at this writing, travels a rapid pace. If there
was any frolic in the regiment, or any foraging outside, Sanders was one of the fore-
most. He did his full duty though with much grumbling in hard times. Much in-
clined to argument, he was always in a wrangle, and added variety, at times, when
otherwise, it might have been monotonous. Serving out his full term, he re-enlisted
in a battery and was severely wounded. After the war he located in Milton, later
moving to New York, and is now a prosperous farmer in Vermont.

MORTON H. SANDERSON

was a native of Milton, and that town was his place of residence during his life.
At 18 years of age he enlisted in August, '62 in Company D, served through the term
and was discharged with the regiment July 21st, '63.. Short of stature, and of temper,
always ready for a turmoil, and frequently engaged in one, he was a marked man in
the company. Brave, reckless, and fearing nothing, he always carried a "chip on
his shoulder." At Gettysburg he lamented that all of Longstreet's men were not
killed or captured, as they would have been, had our Commanding General had San-
derson's nerve and recklessness. After his discharge he entered the service of the
Central Vermont R. R., and was killed in an accident about 1875.

JAMES SHEHAN

was a native of Milton, and at 18 years of age, in August, 1862, enlisted in Company
D. Young, full of spirits, fond of playing jokes, accepting hardship and easy times,
with unfading good humor, he was a general favorite in the Company. Nothing
improper was ever charged to him, his career with the regiment was unmarked by
any remarkable incident. He returned, and was discharged with the Company July
21st, 1863. He kept a hotel successfully at Fairfax for some years. In the eighties
he suffered a stroke of paralysis from which he never fully recovered. Returning to
Milton he lived a quiet life until his death in 1898.

JOSEPH 0. SNOW

was one of a large family of that name in Milton and he enlisted there at the age
of 25 in Company D. Quiet and unassuming always ready for duty, neat in personal
appearance, and ready at all times to help others, he was a popular man in the Com-
pany. He served through with the regiment not failing to answer the daily roll call.

Biographical and Historical of Companv D. 537

stood in the front rank at Gettysburg, and was discharged with the regiment July
21st. '63. Returning home he lived some years in his native town, from which he
moved to Barre where he died in 1890.

FRANK LAVALEE

was one of the best worlters in the daily routine of camp and picket duty, road build-
ing or whatever came to him; gun and equipments always in good condition and his
general appearance faultless. He escaped injury in battle and re-enlisted in the 17th
regiment and served to the close of the war. He died in 1883.

GEORGE W. LEE

at the breaking out of hostilities was a carpenter by trade and after the interruption
of war service took up the work again, and became somewhat prominent as a builder
In the city of Burlington. As a soldier he enjoyed that life less than any man in the
company. The conditions and general run of things were not to his liking. However
he was a useful man and did more hard work in the capacity of cook than any of us.
When the order came to march in pursuit of Lee he took his gun and stepped into the
ranks where he remained to the close. He died December 1st, 1903.

JAMES MORRISON

was a sailor before and after his army service. He sailed tlie seas over for a long
time. Finally his health failed and he died many years ago. Nothing discreditable
to record in his case as a soldier. On the contrary can say that he was a brave and
plucky fighter.

HENRY McAVOY

was a small sprightly boy, who took pride in being able, as he thought, to defend
himself against all comers, quick to observe the chip on the other fellow's shoulder,
and because of this somewhat belligerent disposition, was not a general favorite in
the company. But he also took pride in keeping himself and his equipments in good
condition and in being ready at all times to answer all calls to duty. These better
qualities overshadowed the undesirable ones so effectively that he was rated a good
man for Uncle Sam, and when his term of service ended he was held in a fair degree
of respect by his comrades. His residence has been for many years in Somerville, Mass.

WILLIAM McINTYRE

was a genius and typical Irishman of the best sort. As a soldier he was cheerful
and uncomplaining to a degree unusual, and under all conditions. His good qualities
were recognized by the company officers and he was promoted corporal. He served
with marked faithfulness to tlie close of the term with no loss of time from any cause.
When the 13th returned from Union Mills to Camp Vermont in the fall of '62, and
landed in a great snow storm without tents, Billy as we called him, myself and six
or eight others were ordered to remain in a freight car through the night, what for
t never knew. While we were out of the storm and comfortable in comparison to the
majority of the regiment. I have a distinct recollection, after this long lapse of years
of spending a long uncomfortable night in that car, cold, no seats or sleep. And there
was where Billy's cheerfulness was a help. He was a great singer of Irish songs and
he regaled us with them a good share of the night. After the war he followed farm-
ing, was an upright and respected citizen. He died in September, 1902.

JOSEPH MINER AND GEORGE MYERS

Two young men who enlisted from Winooski, Vt. Of Miner I remember but little,
certainly nothing to his disadvantage. He staid to the end and was rnustered out
with the regiment. Myers, I think, was the youngest soldier in D, pretty full of fun,
apt to be mischievous. The only really distinguishing thing about George was the
fighting qualities displayed in battle. The order to cease firing came too soon and
It instantly affirmed that a rebel fell from a shot from his gun after the order to
cease firing. George saw further service in the 2nd Vt. Battery.

JAMES LOGUE

was a jolly, good-natured young soldier who served his country well. I think that
he committed but one bad break, but that in name has an ominous sound; Jim de-
serted, but hear the rest and you won't be ashamed of him any more than he has

538 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

been of himself. A battery was stationed a short distance below us at Wolf Run
Shoals and it was short of men and a few were transferred from the 13th to serve
in the battery. Jim was the one to go from D, and he went and staid only a day or
two, The artillery men and the service were strange to Jim and he was homesick,
couldn't sleep or eat, wept some, I believe, and finally in desperation deserted and
made his way back home to his own company, and the sun shone again, and in Jim's
case has been shining ever since. Why he was not punished and sent back I don't
know. Perhaps his sorrowful condition was indicative of slow improvement in this
new branch of the service. He will now relate the whole story with a good deal
of jollity.

GUY W. LATHAM

while we were in Camp Vermont was detailed to serve in the ambulance corps of
the regiment. He was a careful and conscientious man In that capacity, which he
remained in to the end of the term. After the war he was engaged for several years
as foreman and superintendent in some manufacturing interests in Massachusetts,
after accumulating some property he retired from active work and settled in a pleasant
home in Perrisburgh, Vt., where he died in 1892.

WILLIAM MARCH

Another member of Company D killed at Gettysburg was William March, who,
when he enlisted, was a sturdy young carpenter, working on a church in Colchester,
Vt., under contractor B, W. Haynes. March was of American stock, son of a widowed
mother who lived in LacoUe, P. Q. The writer well remembers, after this long lapse
of years, a sad and imthetic interview with this bereaved mother a few weeks after
our term expired when she called on him to make inquiry regarding the circumstances
of her son's death. She was told the story as follows: Your son was a good and
faithful soldier in the field. He kept well and had been able to cheerfully perform all
of the duties of a soldier. He marched to Gettysburg with the regiment and during
the terrific battle remained at his post until carried off wounded. In the afternoon
of the third during the great artillery duel — now celebrated in history — he was wounded
in both legs below the knees by cannon shot. He unaided placed tourniquets above
the wounds and was carried off the field to a large barn used for a hospital. There
he died in an hour. The next morning after the close of the battle, Orderly Ser-
geant Marrs, E. J. Tyler, J. B. Beauchemin, (the latter one of those who carried him
off the field) and the writer procured spades and a blanket and went to the hosi3ital
to bury him, when we arrived were told that he had been buried that morning with
other dead. When March was taken to the hospital a surgeon — not one of the 13th —
took his mother's address, his watch and twenty dollars in money, promising to send
them to his mother. She did not receive them. His remains with a host of others
lie in the nation's cemetery, beautiful for adornment and for situation close by the
nation's monument erected to the nation's dead. His name is chiseled in granite to
be read as one who offered the great sacrifice.

J. H. LYON,
Colchester, Vt., December -8th, 1906.

OCTAVE MARCELLE

Among the first in Milton to enlist in Company D was Octave Marcelle. His
parents were Canadians, but he was raised in Milton and at seventeen years of age
was an honest, fearless and thoroughly good-natured boy, with a fair common school
education. His service in the company was without reproach. Always willing, and
never finding fault, he was deservedly popular. With a strong and hardy constitution
he was not under the doctor's care or excused from duty a day from sickness and on
the terrible march from Virginia to Gettysburg. There is no record that he was absent
at a roll call. In the afternoon of July 3rd he was with the regiment as they advanced
across the Cadori field to charge the enemy and midway was struck by a bullet
on the left temple which lodged in his head. He lay as he fell and after the charge
and resulting confusion had subsided, the writer and two comrades went to him.
He was breathing but unconscious. He lingered for several hours, though never
regaining consciousness. His body was buried on the field, and later removed to the
National Cemetery where by the side of his comrade and friend, Wm. March, he
sleeps the sleep of those of whom it can truly be said; He died in the discharge of
his duty. H. O. 0.

New York, Dec. 24th, 1906.

WILLIAM L. BLAKE

is a native of Milton and received a common school education in that town. He
enlisted at the first call in the 1st Vt. Regiment, and served until the regiment was

Biographical and Historical of Conipaiix D. 539

discharged at the end of Its time of service. In August, 1862, he re-enlisted in Com-
pany D, and being the only man of that Company having had actual military ex-
perience, was made orderly sergeant. In the spring of '63 he was promoted to a
Lieutenancy and transferred to Company C of the 13th Regiment. He was a rigid
disciplinarian, but entirely fair, and asked only that a man should do his duty. In-
tellectually very bright, with a keen wit, always in good humor, a great story teller,
and exceedingly versatile, he was a general favorite. After the war he lived in
Milton and Burlington, and is at this writing in Charlestown, Mass.

GEORGE STEVENS

was born and educated in Essex. In August, 1862, he was employed as a clerk in a
store in Winooski and there enlisted in Company D. He was made a sergeant, and
as such, served till he was discharged in May, 1863, on account of sickness. When
well, he was of a remarkably cheerful disposition, always ready to hear a tale of woe
and relieve the trouble, if in his power. Full of fun his hearty laugh was recognized
throughout the entire regiment, strict in the discharge of duty, he was unusually
respected, he had the faculty, or a genius for cooking, and was unanimously elected
cook of the sergeant's tent, and served many a meal that was voted to be equal to
that prepared by some women, and superior to those by many. After leaving the
army, he devoted his time to farming on the old homestead in Essex for many years,
moving from there to Winooski, and now is a resident of Burlington.

CHARLES STANNARD

enlisted in Milton in September, 1862, being 19 years of age. A man of sound common
sense, reserved in manner, strictly obedient to all orders, rules and regulations, he
made a fine soldier. Though not of strong constitution he served the full term and
was discharged with the regiment when their term of service expired. Returning to
Milton he soon removed to Wisconsin, where he died many years ago.

ERASMUS H. TYLER

A native of Essex, Erasmus H. Tyler enlisted at the age of 23, in August, 1862,
and became a member of Company D. A man of fine character, and sound common
sense, his worth was recognized, and he was made corporal and as such served till
the regiment was mustered out July 21st, 1863. A good man, comrade and soldier,
nothing but praise can be said of him. He returned to Essex, where he died about 1875.

HENRY TYLER

was a native of Westford, but being employed in Milton, he there enlisted in Com-
|)any D in September, 1862. Sedate and exceedingly quiet, the writer has as slight
a recollection of him as any of the company. The most pronounced remembrance is
that he had red hair, and although with this, there is usually a quick and violent
temper, no record remains that he ever showed undue aggressiveness. He served
through, returned with Regiment, and soon after went West where he now, we un-
derstand, lives.

GEORGE W. TOMLINSON

was a native of Bolton and joined Company D in September, 1862, being 18 years
of age. He was in the drum corps, being the man assigned to that place from Com-
pany D. As such he served till discharged with the regiment. While he was relieved
from guard and picket duty his duties were constant, and he was faithful in the
performance of them. He did good work in assisting in the removal of the wounded,
and burial of the dead at Gettysburg, that being a part of the drum and fife corps
duty. After discharge he returned to his home where he now lives.

HARRY TOMLINSON

of Bolton, became a member of Company D in September, 1862, 20 years of age. He
and his brother G. W. of the same Company, were quiet, peacable boys. They liked
to see fun or frolic but were not instigators. Harry Tomlinson served out the full
term, attending all the duties assigned him, made the Pennsylvania campaign, re-
turned with the regiment and was mustered out July 21st, 1863. Returning to his.
native town he there resided till his death some years ago.

54° The Thirteenth Recjiment I'ermont Volunteers

OSCAR J. TOMLINSON

I, Oscar Tomlinson, son of Gideon and Leonora (Greeley) Tomlinson, born In
town of Richmond, county of Chittenden, state of Vermont in the year 1842, Septem-
ber 29. My grandparents, Eliphlet Tomlinson, born 1756; died June 12, 1839. He
served in the War of 1776. Polly Chase, Wife of Eliphlet Tomlinson, born 1772;
died 1855. Grandparents on mother's side, Daniel Greely and Sarah Greeley. My
father was born in Richmond, Vermont, in 1805; died 1886. Born and died on same
farm. Leonora Greeley Tomlinson was born in St. Armand, Canada, February 2, 1811;
Died at Waitesfield, Vt., January 2, 1892. My oldest brother Phllo, born in Richmond
at the old home, enlisted in Company K, 5th Vermont Reigment in 1863. Was killed
at Cold Harbor June 3, 1864. I, Oscar J. Tomlinson, enlisted in Company D, 13th
Vermont Regiment, August, 1862, was with the regiment continually, never was away
from the company a day only when on duty. Enjoyed camp life fairly well, although
had many hard times at the moving of camps, etc. About the worst being the time
we went from Camp Vermont to Union Mills, our stay and return being among the
worst. The march to Gettysburg was long and tiresome and I disposed of the most
of my belongings before starting. The battle of Gettysburg was something that can-
not be fully described. I had an opportunity of going over that portion of the battle
field where Pickett made his charge; there were dead men swollen to twice their
natural size, so near you could step from one to the other. I remember seeing
Sergeant Henry O. Clark and Orderly Marrs sitting and conversing on the field of
battle at Gettysburg as though there was no trouble while the shells and pieces were
wounding and killing many. I saw General Hancock when he fell from his horse.
Discharged at Brattleboro, Vt., July 21, 1863. Following was sick nearly a year from
the effects of army life. Enlisted again in December 30, 1864; discharged June, 1865.
Married Sophrona D. Lewis October 1st, 1865; one child, Earl Forest, died at the age
of 4 years and four months. We bought a farm and moved on to It in the year of
1865, moved out of it in the month of October. Have owned several farms at the
same time and now, in 1905, have five; am now and have been a farmer. I have held
many town offices. Represented my people in the state legislature in 1892. Elected
associate judge in 1892; re-elected in 1894. Our home has been in Huntington since
October 20, 1865. P. O. Address, Huntington, Vermont.

OSCAR J. TOMLINSON.

MURRAY W. THOMPSON

I was brought up on a farm in this town and at the time of enlistment was en-
gaged in the old-fashioned business of pulling pine stumps with a machine operated
by oxen. My partner was J. F. Densmore, who was one of the sergeants of D and
who with Col. Munson, Lieut. Rolfe, Sergeants Marrs, Clark and Lyon were among
the young men of my neighborhood. And when in response to the call of President
Lincoln, forty-seven enlisted in Company D, the eligible men of the town were
indeed scarce, I shall never forget our life at Hotel Williams at Winooski, or our first
experiences in drill. But with Captain Munson's and Lieutenant Rolfe's military
knowledge we improved rapidly and soon became, as we thought, quite proficient.
It is a matter of extreme pride to me that I served my country for a time in its
peril, and that I was associated with such men as composed the rank and file of
Company D and the whole 13th Regiment. I am proud of the fact that I was able
to march to and fight in the great battle of Gettysburg, which crowned the 13th with
laurels and fame. I am thankful that I lived to come home and to have been these
many years a member of our regimental association and to have had a small part
in its many and successful undertakings. MURRAY W. THOMPSON.

JOHN E. WHEELOCK

I was born May 1st, 1841, a farmer's son, one of a family of 13 children. My
early life was one of very hard work at farming. I cannot remember when I did not
love books and want a good education. I had advanced enough so that I had taught
school two terms before I enlisted. I enlisted under my older brother, Moses A., in
August, 1863. I know of no incident in my anti-war life worthy of note, unless it is
one' my blessed mother often told, namelj', that the day I was one year old I walked
one-half mile to attend church, from the house still standing in Milton, on the hili
just south of the residence of the late Dr. Dixon, to the site of the present M. E.
church. In my first term of service I was a private in "D," 13th Vermont; afterward
In "F," 8th Vermont Veteran Regiment. I was a great coward up to the time of my
enlistment. But for some reason, I have never had that dreadful feeling of fear since.
1 know of no incident of my war record that is worthy of record. I tried to do in a
faithful manner every duty assigned me, and I think it is not boasting to say I did
it I carried a volume of Caesar's commentaries, "De Belle Galliso," and whiled away
many an hour in camp reading the same. After my return from this term of service

Biographical and Historical of Company D. 541

I enlisted again in Company P, 8th Vermont, and served till the close of the war.
I began the study of law in the office of Hon. C. W. Witters In 1863, and remained a
student of record for two years. I then entered the University of Albany, taking the
full course and receiving my degree of L. L. B., and was admitted to the bar in
Lamoille County, Vt., on motion of Mr. Witters, in June, 1867. I was in partnership
with Mr. Witters for one year, when I went to Mt. Carroll, 111., and opened a law
office. I remained only one year when I was called home by the sickness of my
mother. Then I opened an office in Milton, and had quite a successful practice.
I was called to the principalship of the Milton High School, after the boys had
turned out one or two teachers. Since then I have been more of a teacher than a
lawyer. I have taught 60 terms in all; thirty of them in the district where 1
was born. I have been town superintendent of schools some 20 years. I was elected
a member of the General Assembly in 1888, and served on the committee on education
of which C. A. Prouty was chairman, also on special committee on town lines. Since
then I have been teaching and practicing with fair success. I have never attended
but one reunion of the 13th. That was at Swanton. It was a great time. The hos-
pitality of Swanton was and is beyond comparison. God bless them and the dear
comrades of the old 13th. No regiment in any war in any country, in any part of the
world's history has a better record. I am shaken and almost prostrated with rheu-
matism, but I believe I would bear even this "To save the grand old Union from defeat,
disaster and dissolution," "Like all ancient ones by revolution."

JOHN E. WHBELOCK.

The pictures of Comrade John E. Wheelock on page 230, one a youthful portrait of
21, a good looking, high-spirited Green Mountain Boy, and one taken at the age of
63, indicates intelligence and determination, loyalty to conviction or opinion, inde-
pendence of thought and active political, moral and social, averse to being led, attemijts
to proselyte none, taciturn, seeks not to extend and cultivate new acquaintances, nor
ambitions for wealth or greatness. He once said to the author, "The one incident of
life of which he was proud was a volunteer in the Civil War."

W. ALLEN WHEELER

the last man on the roll of Company D, one of the last men in company line, owing to
his short stature, and the last man for whom I shall write a few words to go into
these individual sketches of the men of our company. Comrade Wheeler was quiet and
reticent, but courteous to every one and every day alike. The only incident in par-
ticular that I recall in connection with him occurred a short time before we were
ordered to follow up Lee's army. He discovered in some way that I had an extra
pair of shoes, and as his own were quite dilapidated, wanted to buy mine. We
traded, he taking the shoes and I two dollars. I have thought since that I took
too much, but considering the value they must have been to him on the long
march, I now conclude that he got more out of the trade than I did. I know
nothing of Allen Wheeler for a few years after the war, when I learned of his death
by accidental drowning in Lake Champlain.

WILLIAM AND ROBERT SHERIDAN AND ROBERT AND
RICHARD POWERS

were two pairs of brothers and stalwart young men of Irish descent. I group these
together for what I should say of one I should have to say of the others. There was
no lack in the soldierly qualification of these four men. Strong, able-bodied and
equal to any and all hardships and uniformly good tempered. They marched, fought
and were mustered out with the regiment. It has seemed to me that these men with
their health and constitutions had promise of long life. But three of them have been
dead a good many years. William was living in California the last I knew of him
in 1900.

JOSEPH ROWE

was a wagoner from Company D, served as such during the term of enlistment. He
was a small, active man, carried his head cocked to one side. This and other peculiari-
ties gave him a comical appearance and made him the butt of jokes from his com-
rades. At one of our camps a track was measured off for a fast race and Sonny —
as he was called — entered for the prize, or one of them, but he was a loser. The race
was a pleasant diversion for the men of the regiment who were out in force to see
the fun and wagers on the result. As I now remember it, James L. Martin, a Grand
Isle man, serving in Company H, won the first prize. He was wounded and died at
Gettysburg. I do not recollect seeing Sonny Rowe after we came home. He died
many years ago.

542 71ie Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

HARVEY H. TALCOTT

was a lawyer in an office in Winooslti wtien he enlisted. There was some talk about
electing him second lieutenant but as it was generally understood that two of thie
commissions were all Colchester could have, and they would go to Munson and Rolfe,
Talcott entered the ranks as a private. In stature he was slight, and come to get
our knapsacks, guns and other equipments there seemed to be a disproportion between
his strength and the weight to carry. Coming from an office to the hardships and
exposure incident to a soldier's life it was soon apparent that he could not endure it.
he became sick and was removed to a hospital and after recovery sufficient for work
was retained as hospital nurse until May 2nd, 1863, when he was discharged for dis-
ability. After the war he went to Chicago and was associated in some capacity with
Captain Coburn of the 13th. For a few years he has been spending a portion of the
summers in Vermont, where he enjoyed meeting his old comrades and friends. A
genial companionable man. He died Oct. 27, 1908.

JOSEPH TRAVISEE

enlisted from Winooski was somewhat older than the average, is now over eighty,
has followed the trade of a carpenter. He is still quite hale and resides in Burlington.
Joe was a genial, always good feeling soldier, not inclined to find fault but sometimes
drew comparisons, as at one time after conditions had been a little hard he said to
Captain Munson, "Captain, this ain't much like being home sitting on Prank AUard's
steps drinking beer." The comparison was so obvious, extreme hardship and ease, that it
amused the captain and he related it to me with gusto years and years after. As a
soldier Joe was faithful to the end of the term and was mustered out with the regiment.

GEORGE N. WRIGHT

was born in Colchester, Vt., August 22, 1838, and has always been a resident of the
town with the exception of his war service and a short period spent in California.
He has been a successful farmer and an upright and respected citizen. During his
service in the 13th Regiment he was one of the corporals of the color guard. Since
th« formation of our regimental association he has been one of its ardent friends and
supporters. Never has missed a reunion of the regiment and has been with it on all
of its excursions and dedications. Mr. Wright retired from active life eight years
ago settling in the village of Colchester where he is now living in peace and harmony
with all the world.

MILAN WILSON

when the company was formed was appointed third corporal. He was a tall, large
man and gave promise of being a useful man in the ranks. But little can be said,
however, as to his military service for he early became sick, run down and emaciated
and was discharged December 6, 1862. A few years later moved with his family to
one of the western states.

LIEUTENANT E. L. HIBBARD

was a native of Franklin, Vt. He was a tall, well built man, good looking and as an
officer made a fine appearance. He w^s, also a man of education and culture, filling
each position he held, private, sergeant, major and lieutenant with marked correctness,
gaining the respect of all. He was promoted from sergeant major to second lieutenant
In Company D, March 1st and first lieutenant, June 4th, 1863. He marched with the
regiment to Gettysburg and I know from my own observation that he was cool and
Intrepid in battle and that he was an efficient aid to Captain Bascom In the command
and care of Company D. He was not wounded in the battle but narrowly missed
being Injured. His sword scabbard was struck by a bullet and his clothing torn by
a fragment of a shell.

Lieutenant Hibbard re-enlisted in the 17th Vt. Regiment and was commissioned
first lieutenant in Company B. Was promoted to captain in same company but refused
to accept the promotion. Was mustered out as first lieutenant Oct. 19, 1864. His cap-
tain had died of wounds received June 19, 1864, and Lieutenant Hibbard was pro-
moted to fill the vacancy July 6, 1864, but for some good reason did not accept the
office of captaincy. After the war Comrade Hibbard returned to his native town
with a fair promise of a long and useful career. But he died a few years after the
war and to me, his death seemed untimely. He was buried in the East FranWln
Cemetery.

Biographical and Historical of Company D. 543

MARQUIS EMERSON MARRS

was born in Milton, March 29th, 1840. His father was one o£ Ave brothers, all of
whom owned large farms, and were prosperous, prominent in town affairs, and re-
spected by all. Emerson (as he was called), was educated in the district school
and the academy at Williston. At the time of President Lincoln's call for 300,000
men in July, 1862, he was taking a course in Eastman's Commercial College in
Poughkeepsie, N. Y. The writer of this sketch, a lifelong friend, born and brought
up on an adjoining farm, had been appointed a recruiting officer by the town. He
wrote Emerson that he had enlisted and was going to the war. On receipt of the
letter he at once closed his connection with the college and took the first train for
home. On reaching Milton he went immediately to the home of his friend, and within
one hour had signed the enlistment paper. On the organization of Company D he
was made a sergeant, and as such served the entire term, never failing for even a day
to do his full duty as a soldier. Consequent upon the exposure of the Gettysburg
campaign, he contracted typhoid fever. When the regiment arrived at Brattleboro,
he was sick, though still able to attend to his arduous duties as orderly. The regi-
ment was discharged .July 21st, and on his arrival at his home in Milton the follow-
ing day, he went immediately to his bed, from which he never arose. He lingered,
most of the time delirious, until August 3rd, when he died. He gave his life for his
country's cause as surely as though his heart had been pierced by the enemy's bullet
on the battlefield at Gettysburg. The 13th Vermont had no soldier more brave than
he. He was thoroughly and intensely honest. His ideals and ambitions were lofty — ■
his impulses generous. A sincere and sympathetic friend — a born leader. Had he
lived, he would have been at the head in any avocation he adopted. He was beloved
by his comrades and by all that knew him. Of a perfectly sweet and lovely dis-
position, he was never known to utter an unkind word, and he endeared himself to
all with whom he came in contact. As near perfection is permitted to man, it was
embodied in him. As was said by the clergyman at his fnueral, "God requires the
perfect for a sacrifice." H. O. C.

RODNEY BERKLEY

was one of the enthusiastic boys from the town of Milton, whose ambition and strong
desire was not satisfied until he had volunteered. He enrolled on the 6th day of
September, 1862, and joined the Colchester Company. Was present at the election of
company officers and for the first time in his life was privileged (though not 21), the
manly right of voting and it was ever after a matter of pride that his first vote was
cast for William Day Munson, for captain. This young man was only 18 at date of
enlistment and yet so intelligent as to comprehend fully why the impending conflict
between the North and the South. Had been educated in the common schools of his
native county; had been well born and brought up. Belonged to a good family, taught
the lessons of sobriety and good conduct and to do right and be courteous to all. He
had a genial, happy disposition, and was disposed on all occasions to do his best to
merit the approval of the company officers and the good wishes of his associates.
Seemed willing and anxious to acquire the preliminary knowledge that would fit him
to be a good and useful soldier. He was a patriotic young man and much pleased
that he was a volunteer and standing side by side with grown up men to do his part
to save the Union from destruction. He was on hand and ready at all times to tall
into line when called, night or day, and found no fault because asked to work on Port
Lyon, or do guard and police duty about camp, or picket duty on the outer line. He
made a good soldier and displayed courage and bravery equal to his older comrades.
His conduct in the battle of Gettysburg was heroic and in every respect worthy and
gallant. His record was good and clean. He served his full term and was mustered
out with his regiment July 21, 1S63. Returned home and resumed his former relation
and occupation, very thankful that he had served his country when assailed. Since
the war has lived in Milton, sustaining a good character among his neighbors and
friends. The single act of life of which he is most proud was his service as a soldier
when there was urgent need to defend the Stars and Stripes that this emblem of glory
might forever wave over a land of freedom.

JOHN A. GREENOUGH

volunteered from the town of Colchester in September, 1862, and joined the Colchester
Company on the day of its organization, September 6. He counted on the quota of
Colchester, and was present at the election of company officers. His age was 20, and
he was to all appearances healthy and strong and very well calculated for a soldier.
His education was quite limited and yet was a bright, intelligent, well-behaved young
man. He was taken sick while at Wolf Run Shoals, and was discharged February 1st,
1863. He was sorry to leave the boys and service but the life was too strenuous for
his constitution. He moved to the far West and last known of him was residing in
Deadwood, S. D.

544 ?'/"? Thirteenth Regiment Ferinont Volunteers

HIGHEL McNALL

was one of Milton's robust, happy young boys at the date of his enlistment, September,
1862. Was only 19, yet believed himself old and large enough to be a soldier, so cheer-
fully volunteered and joined the Colchester Company, happy to don the blue and
carry a gun in defence of the Union. He seemed to be pleased and glad to be a
soldier. Was one of the boys that never shrank from any duty or teared to do it. Was
always present for duty and had no fear of the enemy.

Prom the day he volunteered to the time he was mustered out, was on hand willing
and ready to do his duty when called. He realized it was for him to obey and do his
best on all occasions. He was a first class soldier and made an enviable record as
such. The picket march and battle found him in his place fulfilling the duties tor
which he volimteered.

Comrade McNall in the battle of Gettysburg, was cool alert and as brave as any
who fought on that field of glory and renown. Since the war has resided in Milton,
Vt., and the latch string of his modest home hangs out ever inviting his old comrades
to come in and talk over the days wlien fighting for home and country.

BENJAMIN F. WARREN

volunteered from the town of Richmond, Vt., at the age of 44, and joined Colchester
Company on the 17th of September, 1862. He was one of the oldest recruits in this
company and only some half dozen in the whole 13th Regiment older. For one so old
was a good specimen of rugged manhood and physical fitness for the strenuous life of
a soldier. He was of the old school of patriotic citizens and was deeply aroused when
the news reached his native state, (Vermont) that Port Sumter had been fired on
by Rebel leaders of the so-called seceding states and from that moment was anxious
to go to the front and do all he could to defend the Stars and Stripes and preserve
the Union. He was not permitted to remain long in the 13th Regiment, because of
sickness and was discharged December 6th, 1862, and yet while he remained was faith-
ful and ready for duty as any of the younger members of his company. He returned
home disappointed and humiliated because overtaken with disease and compelled to
quit the service. He soon recovered and the fire of patriotism still burned in his
heart, and as soon as able re-enlisted November 23rd, 1S63, and this time into Com-
p.any C, 11th Regiment Vt. Vols., as a recruit and joined them wlien located in Washing-
ton, D. C. Here he had the experience of the numerous battles that this regiment took
part in, from the Wilderness to the surrender of General Lee at Appomattox. Though
now 45 it is said that he was ever alert, cool and brave and fought like a tiger and
spared not a single opportunity to slay the enemy when in battle. He did himself
great credit and rendered valiant service to his country. He was discliarged after
the close of the war, August 25th, 1865, and returned home, resumed his place in the
busy walks of life ever happy and thankful he had served his country until the mighty
Rebel host was subdued and peace declared. The last known residence of Comrade
Warren was Huntington, Vt.

MOSES A. WHEELOCK

was one of Milton's best volunteers and joined the Colcliester Company September 6,
1862, at the age of 23. He was like his brother, John E., of the right kind of material
for a soldier. He was on Irand night or day responding promptly at every call.
Brought up on a farm and educated in the common schools of his native town, and
was an intelligent young man comprehending fully the causes of the pending conflict.
Was impelled by patriotic motives to enroll as a common soldier, anxious ^o do his
full duty, to save and preserve the Union. There were none in Company D more
alert on the picket line, march or battlefield. His record was first class." He was
discharged with his regiment July 21, 1863, and returned home, stricken with fever,
and died in a few days. His comrades in large numbers attended the funeral. It
was a solemn occasion. He had served his country and returned home thankful for
the opportunity of being present in the great battle of Gettysburg and in tak'ing part
in the greatest victory during the war. His surviving comrades remember his daring
deeds and manly conduct with pride, and sincerely regret that he could not have
lived to enjoy the blessings secured by the victory of the heroes who volunteered
for the preservation of the great Republic of America.

HENRY E. MUDGETT,

Jolmsou, Vt.,

Historian of Co. E, 13th Vt. Vols.

Biographical and Historical

OF

CO. E

Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

CIVIL WAR 1861-1865

Dedicated to the loving memory of Sergeant Henry H. Smith, kiUed

in the battle of Gettysburg, July 3rd, 1863, in the world

renowned charge against General Pickett's

right flank.

Biographical and Historical of Coinpan\ B. 549

THE CONDENSED HISTORY OF COMPANY E.

RIGHT now at the beginning of this briet sketch, the writer will say that he volun-
teered, August 27, 1862, to apply on the quota of the town of Johnson. Together
with five others, all of which enlisted the same afternoon, Wednesday, August 27,
1862, at Johnson, namely, Sumner A. Andrews, George B. Whiting, Nathan Dodge,
David A. Chesmore and John H. Mudgett. On the following day, Thursday, August
28, the company was called together at Hyde Park to form a company organization.
After we assembled there was one more from Johnson that enlisted, Henry C. Parsons,
making in all seven from Johnson, and upon that occasion, which was a very important
one in the interest of all members of the company, when the company was all
gathered in the town hall and the question of electing the commissioned officers arose
for discussion, a man appeared from Stowe and began advocating a strong desire
to be elected captain of the company. He was a sort of a curiosity to the boys who
had enlisted, for he had not even added his name to the list of volunteers, and further-
more, was not intending to, unless he was elected captain, and hence the result was,
as might be expected of a candidate brim full of patriotism possessed with strong
desire to see the Rebellion put down but not of the genuine kind that would
induce him to place his name upon the company roll, that he did not secure over
one vote out of every five through the company. This said candidate's name was
Cutting, a Universalist minister. At the same time, both before and after enter-
ing the hall for organization while he, the said Cutting, was canvassing and labor-
ing diligently to secure votes to aid his own election, together with the help of
a few Stowe boys who had enlisted from that town, who favored Cutting for captain,
He was a bright, intelligent, active young man, and wide awake the way he appeared
to the writer of this article without any personal acquaintance with him, for it was
the first and only time that I had ever seen the man and the same was true with
few exceptions of the whole company aside from the Johnson boys, but nearly all
present that day who had volunteered to serve in the company that had met to
organize on that day regardless of what might be the alphabetical rank, by letter, in
regimental line, felt as if their choice for captain would be some one selected from
the goodly number who had already volunteered to serve their country and stand
by the old flag, instead of one who hesitating to enlist, unless he was chosen com-
mander of the company, even before he was an enrolled member and under that state
of feeling expressed by word and action by a majority of the volunteers present, the
name of Joseph J. Boynton, of Stowe. was presented, well backed by a goodly number
from his own town, which furnished forty strong as members of the company, was
named for captain and when the voting began and the first ballot was all in and counted
with the result of the ballot just taken and reported, it was declared to the company that
.Joseph J. Boynton was elected without a strong opposition. Will say that there was
not a sufficient number of names upon the roll to make a full company, according
to the army regulations, but the election of line officers continued until both first
and second lieutenants were elected. Then we proceeded with the organization until
completed, but which a few days later proved but temporary, for it was decided to
be illegal upon the claim that there were not members enough who had already
placed their names upon the company roll to form a local organization, but that was
not where the shoe pinched tightest, and hurt across the stomach, as the most sensitive
locality to feel the effects of such a disappointment as that company organization was
to other members of the company that intended to be elected as first and second
lieutenants of the company, and then some men with outside help, broke up the first
organization as I stated previouslj^ Our company was not full as to numbers and
after the first organization was broken up, there was a general hustling for more
additional members to the company and they were readily found and brought within
company ranks and another notice was sent out to the boys who had enlisted and
were members of the company to meet at Morrisville Monday, September 8, 1862, for
a second organization and to commence to drill. The company met and formed a
new organization on September 8th, and everything passed off very pleasantly to all
but a few whom the two lieutenants that were elected at the first organization became
duly convinced that the very cause for breaking up the first and calling the company
together to form the second organization was firstly this; that they were not the
choice of the whole company after it was recruited to over one hundred members and
furthermore were well satisfied in their own minds that they could or would not
be re-elected at the second organization (and expecting that there would be an ex-
amination of the company when called together) they both planned from August 28
up to September Sth, to be equal to the emergency. One of the said lieutenants was a
flrst-class machinist and was supposed to be blessed and favored with the best of

S50 The 'Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

eyesight, but allowing a prospective disappointment of re-election to office in as good
If not the best company that would be in the regiment it played upon his mind to
that extent that upon the examination on September 8th, 1862, at Morrlsville, you
would hardly think that he could distinguish a two horse team from a lady dressed
as the style was at that date, wearing large-sized hoop skirts on the streets of Morrls-
ville, so of course he was thrown out.

The other lieutenant elected at the first organization had symtoms of varicose
veins, and a desire to have them show very prominent upon examination day, which
was near at hand, which would occur upon Monday, September 8th when the com-
pany was to be called together for examination, and to form the second organization,
and being fully convinced that there was not the least possible chance for his re-|
election at the coming organization, he was planning as it seemed between August
28th and September 8th, to have the above dissability aid him in being dropped from
the company as it was not his desire to serve as a member of the company in a position
beneath the rank of a commissioned officer, and with proper planning to bring about
the required development of said dissability, to that extent, that it would partially
incapacitate him for serving as an infantry-man, so under those circumstances the
examining surgeon was justified In rejecting him from the company.

As previously referred to, that the company would be called together at Morris-
vllle Monday, September 8th, 1862, for examination and also to form the second organ-
ization, and we accordingly met on that day and first went through a slight examina-
tion. All stood the test in very good shape, only three of that number were rejected
two of them were the first and second lieutenants, elected at the first organization,
with both of them their disabilities had developed so rapidly during the few intervening
days after being fully convinced that neither one of them could be elected at the
coming organization. Then they planned to appear before the examining surgeon
with disabilities so prominent that he, although an elderly gentleman and minus one
arm, would readily observe that they were wholly unfit to perform the duty of soldiers.
The result was, they were upon examination immediately left out. The examination
was brief and as soon as through with, all assembled at the town hall to organize.
Everything passed off smoothly causing no great jar. There was one man in the com-
pany, a volunteer from Morristown, who was anxious to be 2nd lieutenant, but when
it was found he could not be elected to that position the captain and lieutenant, told
him they would give him the orderly sergeant's berth. He said, "No, if he could not
be 2nd lieutenant he would be a private." The officers being of a peaceful turn of
mind kindly let him have his own way, so he served as a private in Company E.

The company organization was finally completed with the officers to be commis-
sioned and also the non-commissioned were elected from the different towns that fur-
nished men to make up the company, and the intention was seemingly judging from
outward appearances, to share the company offices with the boys from each town
according to the number of men furnished by their respective towns. Stowe furnished
the largest number of men of any town, so the Captain, Joseph J. Boynton; 1st Sergeant
Harvey H. Smith; 4th Sergeant, Orlo L. .Tudson; 2nd Corporal, .Joseph S. Collins; 3r(i
Corporal, George W. Hodge, were elected from the Stowe delegation.

Cambridge next in line as furnishing the next largest number of men; 1st Lieu-
tenant, Andrew J. Davis; 2nd Sergeant, Edwin H. Reed; 1st Corporal Charles H
Miner; 6th Corporal, Unite W. Keith, were elected from the Cambridge members

Next in order of number of men furnished was Morristown, from which 2nd
Lieutenant, Frank Kenfleld; 3rd Sergeant, Horace H. Cole; 5th Sergeant Carlos E
Cheney; 5th Corporal, Hiram C. Wolcutt; 8th Corporal, .Joseph M Chaplain were
elected. One elected from Wolcott; 4th Corporal, Moses J. ]>ach. The 7th Corporal
from Johnson was Henry C. Parsons.

After the company organization was completed the company were all assigned
to their boarding places. About one-half of the company took up quarters at the
hotel, under proprietor Whipple, (not our friend and comrade T. S Whipple ) The
balance of the company boarded in private families. Several of the Morristown boys
resided in or near the village of Morrisville. The next thing in order was to be put
under charge of Urban A. Woodbury, as drill-master. He was captain of Company D
the 11th Vermont Regiment, that being the Lamoille County Company recruited for
that Regiment Captain Woodbury was a Lamoille County boy from the town of
Elmore. He enlisted from that town. May 25, 1861 in Company H, 2nd Vermont Regl
ment at Fletcher. At the company organization he was elected Orderly Sergeant of
the company. At the battle of First Bull Run he was wounded, loosing his right arm
and taken prisoner July 21. 1861. Paroled October 5th, 1861, discharged October 18th'
1861, but remained a paroled prisoner until November, 1862. He was elected Cantaln
of Company D, 11th Vermont Regiment, in August, 1862. He was an experienced
drill-master. He gave army tactics through study with a taste for the militarv part
of the business, and seemed to take pride in having a company well drilled He had
drilled two or three companies from our county. Company A, 8th Vermont Reeiment
at Hyde Park, that being the Lamoille County Company of that Regiment The neit
was Company H, the 9th Regiment, next Company D, the 11th Regiment Then In

Biographical and Historical of Company B. 551

order Company E, 13th Vermont, our company, was drilled in good shape three weeks
at Morrisville by our drill-master, Captain Woodbury.

One day previous to the holding of the town fair at Elmore, he extended an invita-
tion to the company to have the whole company march up in a body the day that the
fair was to be held at Elmore, for he felt an interest in the fair, on account of its
being his home town, for his father resided at Elmore Pond village. The company
nearly all marched up when the day arrived in good style, for that was the way
company E, had of doing things. Soon after reaching Elmore the news spread through
the company that there was a prize up of ten dollars to be won in a foot race. There
were always more or less members in company B that had an eye out for all sucH
games of luck and chance, so three of our crowd notified the manager that they would
just take a shake at that game, so drill-master. Captain Woodbury, Sergeant Cheney,
bass drummer, Orlo C. Perkins, entered for the race and won the prize money; first
prize, five dollars, won by Captain Woodbury, the other two prizes won were three
dollars and two which were won by Cheney and Perkins.

Company E began drilling Monday, September 8th and drilled the week days of the
next three weeks, closing up Saturday the 27th of September, 1862, preparatory to
starting for Brattleboro the following Monday morning, September 29th. The Cam-
bridge boys went direct to Essex Junction to take the train and would join us at
Waterbury. Johnson, Eden and Wolcott boys met at Morrisville and started from
there in company with Morristown boys for Waterbury by way of Stowe, and there fell
in company with Stowe boys and met Cambridge boys at Waterbury, and that formed
the full company. Then proceeded on to Brattleboro, arriving there Monday night
the 29th of September, together with the other nine companies of the Regiment, where
they met for the first time as a full Regiment.

When the 13th Vermont Regiment reached Brattleboro and stepped from the
train and formed in line to march to the parade ground, and as the regiment started
off from the station escorted by the 12th Vermont Regiment under command of Colonel
Blunt, keeping step to the music of fife and drum it would not require a very sharp
critic to observe in that body of soldiers comprising two regiments of Green Mountain
boys, a class of men that would do credit to themselves and also do their full duty in
keeping up the proud reputation established early in the war by the Vermont troops
who took the field early in the summer of 1861 and have fully sustained the same
reputation during the year and a half that the war had been going on prior to the
date of mustering into the service of the 2nd Vermont Brigade. The powerful march-
ing done and long distances covered by the first Vermont Brigade, when placed at the
head of the line with the order from General Sedgwick to keep the ranks well closed
up. The above doings of, and the record of the 1st Vermont Brigade had been published
from Maine to California and across the great waters of foreign countries.

At the time the 2nd Vermont Brigade entered the service, without doubt it was
the personal desire of many a member of not only the 13th Vermont but with other
Regiments the same throughout the 2nd Vermont Brigade. If life was spared them
to serve through their term of service to be ready and willing to do their full duty
where, when or whatever it might be, either in camp or upon the march or upon the
lone picket post, surrounded by rebel bush-whackers, or upon the battlefield in line
of battle it should be their lot to be called upon to be in that position and if it was
the lot of theirs to any or all of the different kinds of duty above mentioned which
was liable to fall to the lot of any true soldier ready to perform his duty at any time
when called upon, he would have a desire to perform his duty in a way that when
his term of service expired and he received his honorable discharge from the army
with a record just as clean and honorable according to the length of his term of service
as with Vermont soldiers who had gone into the service earlier in the war.

Company E reached Brattleboro with one hundred and nine men, including officers
and privates. Company H reached there the same day with only forty-eight men
which had to be made up to a whole company from the other nine companies, each
furnishing men according to the number of men in each company respectively.

In mingling with and being one of the company for three weeks, I had an oppor-
tunity to become quite well acquainted with all those that became familiar upon short
acquaintance and they proved to be a fine, well behaved company of men, as bright
and intelligent and well appearing as it will be the good fortune of any person to meet.

There were a few men who enlisted in Company E just as we left for Brattleboro
which made not only an addition in way of numbers but were of the right make-up
to help keep up the highest standard of reputation that the company had already
gained during their three weeks' stay at Morrisville. Our drilling-master. Captain
Woodbury went with Company B to Brattleboro to help them along in good shape in
way of drilling the company and he knew just what had got to be done before leaving
the State and knew how to have the company appear at muster. The company drilling
of Company E and also witnessing the drilling of the other companies through the
regiment were both interesting and instructive to both those drilling as well as the
onlookers. After a few days of drilling and planing, (and getting the hang of the
barn, as the Irishman said, when he was getting ready to commence threshing, by

552 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

hand in olden times) soon the talk commenced in regard to the number of men each
companj' would be obliged to transfer from their respective companies to fill up com-
pany H to an average number of men. Company B's number to furnish was eleven.

By the commissioned officers having an opportunity of being in the company three
weeks at Morrisville, together with the men daily both upon drill and during leisure
hours, they had become fairly well acquainted with most of the boys who had been
together since organization. They had by close observation of the different men and
also of the companies in full, and by having friendly conversation with all of the
men and being upon a level with the private soldier who was a member of that com-
pany, the same as with a commissioned officer. By receiving the above named treat-
ment daily from each and every one of the officers both commissioned and non-com-
missioned, the whole company became strongly attached to them and strictly adhered
to and promptly obeyed every order with willingness and kindly feeling toward their
superiors, and under those circumstances the commanding officer, whoever might be
in command of the company had full confidence in every member of the company
doing his full duty each and every time strictly according to orders and that was the
state of feelings between the officers and all members of Company B of the 13th
Vermont Regiment. When they all met at Waterbury railroad station, September 29th,
1862, and with that state of feeling existing in and throughout the entire company
the commissioned officers were fully justified in feeling a certain degree of pride in
the general appearance of the company.

As previously stated Company E reached Brattleboro with one hundred and nine,
officers and men. They were recruited from the following named towns of Lamoille
County: Cambridge, 33 men; Eden, 3 men; Johnson, 7 men; Morristown, 21 men; Stowe,
42 men; Wolcott, 2 men; Westford, 1 man. Next in order was the examination of
the regiment by companies. When the day arrived for examination the one hundred
and nine men were drawn up in line in the room for the same, and thoroughly
examined and every man in the company accepted as being all right. After deciding
the question as to the number of men each company should furnish, it was decided
that the quota of Company B would be eleven, which were drawn from the above
named towns as follows; One from Cambridge, Napoleon B. La Monda; Eden 3,
Leonard W. Leach, Marcus Demerrit, Charles J. Chamberlin; Morristown 1, Jerry O.
Bisconner; Stowe, 6, Amos C. Chase, William Emerson. John B. Kusic, Joseph Merrltt,
Elisha Norris, Edward Taylor. One man Volney C. Babcock of Stowe was left sick
at Brattleboro, when the regiment left the State and was discharged there November
27th, 1862, for disability. The above twelve being taken from the companies. Com-
pany B had ninety-seven officers and men when they left for Washington.

Next in order comes the muster. We had a number of boys in Company E who
could perform like first-class circus men, and drill-master Woodbury enjoj'ed their
practice and helped to carry it on anytime between hours for drill. He" made it a point
to have all of that class of men and boys make a good showing on those lines when
taking their run on day of muster before Adjutant General. Peter T. Washburn, for
which he complimented them very highly, for both their activity and skill in maneuver-
ing, in turning regular summersaults and gymnastic performances. Adjutant General
Washburn thought spunky Lamoille was all right as yet and the company furnished
therefrom. Every man passed muster 0. K.

The calls and visits by members from different companies back and forth, were
greatly enjoyed, by keeping them up while in camp, at our different places. There
were members from Company F and K who were acquainted with members of Com-
pany E. The writer has in memory the names of Lieutenant Naramore and W A
Naramore, Erastus Powell and others of Company F. Comrade R. O. Sturtevant of
Company K was acquainted with some members of Company E, Sergeant Edwin H
Reed, Sydney C. Cady, private. His visits were greatly enjoyed by those who were
acquainted with him, and had at the same time an opportunity while visiting those
whom he knew to become acquainted with others.

Biographical and Historical of Company B. 553

CAPTAIN JOSEPH J. BOYNTON

of Company E, 13th Vermont Regiment, was born in Stowe, Vt., in 1833 and had always
resided in his native town up to the date of his enlistment in 1862. When he en-
listed he was 29 years of age. He was a very worthy upright man In every day
life from either a social, moral or religious point of view. He won the respect of
not only his own company of men, but all who had occasion to be placed under his
command either before he was promoted to Major, May 5, 1863, or after, it was all
the same as far as the writer had any personal knowledge of the matter. He served
through his term of enlistment with credit to himself, state and town. While in
the service he was studying medicine and afterwards completed his course and began
the practice of medicine and through the influence of Comrade S. A. Andrews he
secured a position and located at South Framingham, Mass., where he was soon the
leading physician in that place, there being seven others in practice at that time. He
was very prominent in his business, as a practising phj'Sician, and resided there until
his death which occurred June 17, 1897, aged sixty-four years.

FIRST LIEUTENANT ANDREW J. DAVIS

of Company E, 13th Vermont Regiment, was the first man to enlist from the town of
Cambridge under the call of August 4th, 1862 of President Lincoln for 300,000 nine
months' men to volunteer. He served as first lieutenant from date of company organ-
ization September Sth, 1862, until May 5th, 1863, when he was promoted to captain of
Company E to fill the vacancy caused by promotion of Captain Boynton to Major of
the Regiment. He was a good officer, wide-awake, energetic and ambitious to do his
duty every time and look out for his men and their welfare. He made the march
from Virginia to Gettysburg and commanded Company E upon the march and through
the battle with credit to himself and the company in full. He returned to the State
with the Regiment and to Brattleboro and was discharged with Company E on the
21st day of July, 1863, and returned home to Cambridge. He was anxious to render
still more service to the government, so early in the winter following he went to Bur-
lington and began recruiting Company B of the 17th Vermont when thej' organizedl
the company he was elected Captain of the company and in April following, he wae
ordered with his company to the front and were put into immediate action and was
wounded June 3, 1864, and died June 19, from the wounds he received the 3rd of June,
1864.

SECOND LIEUTENANT FRANK KENFIELD

was promoted to 1st lieutenant. May Sth, 1863. Wounded July 3rd, 1863 at Gettys-
burg. Discharged July 21st, 1863. He recruited a company for 17th Vermont. It
was organized as Company C. At organization he was elected Captain of the company.
Was wounded May Sth, 1864, at the battle of the Wilderness, second day of the fight. He
was taken to Fredericksburg, Va., to Georgetown, Va. After a thirty days' furlow to
come to Vermont he was captured .July 30th, 1864; was taken prisoner at Petersburg, Va.
Paroled March 1, 186S. Discharged May 15th, 1865.

SECOND LIEUTENANT SIDNEY S. MOREY

was very highly respected in Company E for so short acquaintance, as the time he
was with the company allowed only a brief associating with him, being upon the
march when he joined the company from Company K, which seemed quite near to
Company E in many respects.

FIRST SERGEANT HENRY H. SMITH

was elected 1st Sergeant at the company organization, September 8th, 1862, and served
in that position until February 23rd, 1863; was promoted Sergeant Major. Was
killed July 3rd, 1863 in General Pickett's famous charge. He was second to no orderly
in the 13th Vermont Regiment for neatness and promptness in attending to business
that came within his line of duty. He had to hurry up mornings as a rule to have
roll-call in Company E as early as Company K.

SECOND SERGEANT EDWIN H. REED

was from the town of Cambridge, was highly respected. He died December 12th,
1862 of disease at Camp Vermont, and his remains were sent to Vermont for burial.

THIRD SERGEANT HORACE H. COLE

was from the town of Morrisville, served through his term of enlistment and
mustered out July 21st, 1863; and died at Brattleboro in 1863.

554 'I he Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

FOURTH SERGEANT ORLO L. JUDSON

was from the town of Stowe, served through his term of enlistment and was dis-
charged at Brattleboro July 21st, 1863. Died in Stowe, June 29th, 1904.

FIFTH SERGEANT CARLOS E. CHENEY

was from the town of Morristown, was promoted to 1st Sergeant and was mustered
out July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted in the Frontier Cavalry, was elected as 1st Lieutenant
of Company M, Frontier Cavalry and mustered out June 27th, 1865.

FIRST CORPORAL CHARLES H. MINER

was from the town of Cambridge, mustered out July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted August
22nd, 1864 in Company B, 1st "Vermont Cavalry. Discharged June 21st, 1865.

SECOND CORPORAL JOSEPH S. COLLINS

was from the town of Stowe, promoted to Sergeant March 1st, 1865. Wounded
July 3rd, 1863. Discharged July 21st, 1863.

THIRD CORPORAL GEORGE W. HODGE

was promoted to Sergeant, March 1st, 1863. Mustered out July 2.1st, 1863. Now
lives in Butte, Montana.

FOURTH CORPORAL MOSES J. LEACH

was from the town of Wolcott, was a valuable addition and O. K. for neatness and
promptness for duty and took more pains and gave the tactics more study than any
other man in Company E, beneath the rank of commissioned officers and if necessity
required he could have drilled either a company or a regiment. Mustered out on
July 21st, 1863.

FIFTH CORPORAL HIRAM C. WOOLCUTT

was from the town of Morristown. Died January 18th, 1863, in the service at Fairfax
Court House. The writer in company with Freeman R. Alexander, placed a board at
his grave to mark it, the following day after his burial January 19th, 1863.

SIXTH CORPORAL UNITE W. KEITH

was from the town of Cambridge. Mustered out July 21st, 1863 Died March 22nd
1892 at Cambridge, Vt.

SEVENTH CORPORAL HENRY C. PARSONS

was from the town of Johnson. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted in Com-
pany B, 17th Vermont, March 8th, 1865. Mustered out March 8. 1866 In after years
he went West, where he died in an insane asylum at Topeka, Kansas, April 24th, 1899.

EIGHTH CORPORAL JOSEPH M. CHAPLIN

was from the town of Morristown. Wounded July 3rd, 1863. Mustered out July
21st, 1863. Re-enlisted in Company C, 17th Vermont, October 8th 1863 Wounded
May 12th, 1864; taken prisoner July 30th, 1864. Paroled February 22nd 18fif; ni«
charged July 26th, 1865. ' ®"

CHANCEY C. PARCHER

was a flfer from the town of Stowe. Died February 15th, 1863, of disease.

THADDEUS S. WHIPPLE

was a drummer from the town of Cambridge. Mustered out July 21st 1863 is now
living at Underbill, Vt. . , »

ELI B. GILE

was a bugler from the town of Morristown. Mustered out July 21st, 1863.

Biographical and Historical of Company B. 555

ORLO C. PERKINS

was a bass drummer from the town of Stowe. Mustered out July 21st, 1863.

JOSHUA LUCE

was a wagoner from the town of Stowe. Discharged February 18th, 1863. Died
June 9th, 1883.

EPHRAIM E. ALLEN

was from the town of Morristown. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted in
Company D, 5th Vermont, August 21st, 1864. Mustered out June 19th, 1865.

FREEMAN R. ALEXANDER

was from the town of Morristown. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Died many
years since at Cady Falls, Vt.

SUMNER A. ANDREWS

was from the town of Johnson. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted in
Company F, Frontier Cavalry, January 4th, 1865. Mustered out June 27th, 1865.
Died June 16th, 1905 at Johnson.

HIAL ATKINS

was from the town of Stowe. He served as a scout from Company E, part of the
time while in Va. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Died at Stowe, November, 1905.

VOLNEY C. BABCOCK

was from the town of Stowe. Discharged November 27th, 1862, at Brattleboro, Vt.,
never left the State with the company.

GEORGE W. BATCHELDER

was from the town of Stowe. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Lives at Underbill, Vt.

EUGENE BELLOWS

was from the town of Cambridge. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Died at Bden
twenty-five years ago or longer.

CHARLES R. BUTTS

was from the town of Stowe. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted in Com-
pany M, Frontier Cavalry, January 4th, 1865. Promoted to Corporal, April 30th, 1865.
Mustered out June 27th, 1865. Resides at Minneapolis, Minn.

LEMUEL PORTER BUTTS

was from the town of Stowe. Discharged July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted In Company
D, August 18th, 1864. Discharged June 19th. 1865. Lives at No. Hyde Park, Vt., where
he has been a resident for thirty-five years.

E. DARWIN BUTLER

was from the town of Cambridge. Wounded July 3rd, 1863. Mustered out July 21st,
1863.

GEORGE H. CADY

was from the town of Cambridge. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Lived at Sutton,
Company M, 1st Vermont Cavalry, December 17th, 1863. Mustered out August 9th,
1865.

ORSON S. CARR

was from the town of Stowe. Killed in action July 3rd, 1863.

556 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

DAVID A. CHESMORE

was from the town of Johnson; went West; settled in Kansas. Reported dead.

ORVILLE CHOATE

was from the town of Morristown. Discharged July 21st, 1863. Re-enllsted in
Company C, 17th Vermont, January 1st, 1864. Discharged October 12th, 1865.

LYMAN N. CHURCHILL

was from the town of Morristown. Discharged July 21st, .1863. Date of death un-
known.

SYDNEY C. CADY

was from the town of Cambridge. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Lived at Sutton,
Vt., died 1908.

EDWARD W. CLOUGH

was from the town of Stowe; detailed as driver of team in ambulance corps. Dis-
charged July 21st, 1863. Now resides at Morrisville.

AMBROSE C. COLLINS

was from the town of Morristown. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Died April 9th,
1904 at Hyde Park.

JONATHAN W. DANIELS

was from the town of Morristown. Wounded July 3rd, 1863. Mustered out July
21st, 1863. Resides at Morrisville.

JOHN M. DAVIS

was from the town of Cambridge. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Died May, 1903
at Chadwick, Carrol Co., 111.

DENISON M. DICKINSON

was from the town of Cambridge. Wounded July 3rd, 1863. Mustered out July
21st, 1863. Re-enlisted in Company A, 6th Vermont, March 1st, 1865. Mustered out
June 26th, 1865.

ORRIN H. DICKINSON

was from the town of Cambridge. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Re-onlisted in.
Company A, 6th Vermont March 1st, 1865. Mustered out June 26th, 1865.

NATHAN DODGE

was from the town of Johnson. Promoted to Corporal March 15th, 1863. Mustered
out July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted in Company E, 7th Vermont, March 8th, 1865. Dis-
charged March 8th, 1866.

BARNEY S. FULLINGTON

was from the town of Cambridge. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted in
Company M, 1st Vermont Cavalry January 2nd, 1864. Transfered to Company F, June
21st, 1865. Mustered out August 9th, 1865.

GEORGE M. FARRINGTON

was from the town of Cambridge. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted as
sub. August 11th, 1864. Transfered to Company M, 1st Vermont Cavalry. Discharged
June 12th, 1865, for wounds received April 8th, 1865.

LUKE P. FLEMMING

was from the town of Cambridge, discharged June 8, 1863. Located in the West.

Biographical and Historical of Company B. 557

SIDNEY P. FRENCH

was from the town of Cambridge. Detailed as nurse in hospital for Company E.
Discharged July 21st, 1863. Now resides at Cambridge.

LEONARD C. FULLER

was from the town of Stowe. Died in the service May 27th, 1863.

ORLANDO F. GERRY

was from the town of Morristown. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted in
Company C, 17th Vermont, September 23rd, 1863. Wounded May 6th, 1864. Mustered
out July 14th, 1865.

LEONARD GILLMORE

was from the town of Stowe. Re-enlisted in Company C, 17th Vermont, February
27th, 1864. Absent in general hospital since April IS, 1864. No further record.

RANSOM B. GOODELL

was from the town of Morristown. Discharged February 15th, 1863. Died in Morristown.

WILLIAM GOODELL

was from the town of Stowe. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted December
8th, 1863 In Company I, 11th Vermont. Transfered to Company A the 11th. Mustered
out June 29th, 1865. Died August 30th, 1892 at Stowe.

JOHN H. HALL

was from the town of Stowe. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted in Company
C, 17th Vermont January 2nd, 1864. Killed in action June 20th, 1864.

GEORGE G. HEBB

was from the town of Cambridge. Died May 22nd, 1863 In the service.

JOHN D. HITCHCOCK

was from the town of Cambridge. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Resides now in
Cambridge.

EDWIN W. HOLMES

was from the town of Cambridge. Died in the service May 30th, 1863.

HENRY H. HORNER

was from the town of Cambridge. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Resides now at
Hyde Park.

JOHN P. HULL

was from the town of Cambridge. Tailor by trade in the Company. Mustered out
July 21st, 1863. Died April 3rd, 1867. In Corning, Adams Co., Iowa.

GUERNSEY R. JORDAN

was from the town of Westford. Discharged July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted in Com-
pany B, 17th Vermont February 23rd, 1864. Killed in action April 2nd, 1865.

WILLIAM KELLEY

was from the town of Morristown. Discharged July 21st, 1863. Died about 1900.

SAMUEL S. MARSHALL

was from the town of Stowe. Discharged July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted in Com-
pany D, 5th Vermont January 12th, 1864. Killed in action May 6th, 1864.

258 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

ALMER H. MONTAGUE

was from the town ot Cambridge. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted in
Company M, 1st Vermont Cavalry January 2nd, 1864. Promoteft. to Corporal Marcli 1st,
1865. Transtered to Company F, June 21st, 1865. Mustered out August 9tli, 1865.

ANDREW H. MORGAN

was from the town of Cambridge. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted in
Company B, 1st Vermont Cavalry, August 13th, 1864. Mustered out June 1st, 1865.

HENRY E. MUDGETT

was from the town of Johnson. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Resides now in Johnson.

JOHN H. MUDGETT

was from the town of Johnson. Discharged July 21st, 1863. Lost his life at the
time ot the burning o£ a hotel at Morrisville, December 13th, 1893.

LOOMIS E. PAINE

was from the town of Stowe. Discharged July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted in Com-
pany C, 17th Vermont October 13th, 1863. Died August 7th, 1864.

ORRIN D. PECK

was from the town of Morristown. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Now resides at
Ijower Cabot, Vt.

HENRY A. PIKE

was from the town of Stowe. Discharged July 21st, 1863. Now resides in New
Hampshire.

JOSIAH PRATT

was from the town of Stowe. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Died many years ago.

ALBERT 0. RAYMOND

was from the town of Stowe. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted in Com-
pany C, 17th Vermont as Sergeant, promoted to Captain. Wounded July 26th, 1864.
Mustered out July 14th, 1865. Died November 11th, 1895 at Stowe.

HARRISON W. RAYMORE

was from the town of Cambridge. Re-enlisted January 18th, 1864 in Company B,
17th Vermont Regiment. Mustered out July 14th, 1865. Died at Cambridge January
8th, 1892.

SAMUEL REED, JR

was from the town of Stowe. Discharged July 21st, 1863. Died October 2nd, 1901.

JAMES E. REYNOLDS

was from the town of Cambridge. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Resides now at
Cambridge, Vt.

REUBEN A. ROBINSON

was from the town ot Cambridge. Discharged July 21st, 1863. Died at Johnson
November 24th, 1879.

JULIUS D. SAFFORD

was from the town of Cambridge. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Resides at Pleasant
Valley, Vt.

Biographical and Historical of Company E. 559

SETH C. SANBORN

was from the town of Morristown. Wounded July 3rd. 1863. Mustered out July
21st, 1863. Re-enlisted In Company C, 17th Vermont December 25th, 1863. Mustered
out July 17th, 1865.

ORIN D. SARGENT

was from the town of Stowe. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Re-enllsted in Com-
pany D, 5th Vermont August 18th, 1864. Discharged June 19th, 1865. Died October
29th, 1902 at Johnson.

WARREN J. SEAVER

was from the town of Stowe. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Died November 7th,
1902 at Stowe.

LYMAN J. SEELY

was from the town of Cambridge. Wounded July 3rd, 1863. Discharged July 21st,
1863. Died April 16th, 1901 at Jeffersonville, Vt.

CORNELIUS V. SESSIONS

was from the town of Stowe. Died March 20th, 1863 in hospital at Wolf Run
Shoals, Va.

CARLOS C. SHAW

was from the town of Stowe. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Resides at Morrisville.

HENRY C. M. SHERWIN

was from the town of Stowe. Discharged January 10th, 1863. Resides at Stowe.

DANIEL M. SMITH

was from the town of Stowe. Discharged July 21st, 1863. Lived West for a num-
ber of years, has returned to Stowe and there resides.

SHELDON STRATTON, JR

was from the town of Cambridge. Discharged July 21st, 1863. Resides at Cambridge.

HENRY A. SPARKS

I was born in Poultney, Vt., in 1834; volunteered on the second day of September,
1862, and counted on the quota of the town of Stowe. My occupation at the time
was farming. My education was in the district schools of Vermont. I was 5 feet,
6 inches tall, light complexion, blue eyes and brown hair, quite vigorous, healthy and
strong and adapted for soldier life. Was present at the organization of Company
E at Morrisville, and here we drilled for three weeks under Urban Woodbury, a
returned soldier, who had lost an arm in the first battle of Bull Run, July, 1861. We
received orders to go to Brattleboro for muster into the United States service. We
elected officers about September 8, and Joseph J. Boynton was chosen captain; Andrew
J. Davis, first lieutenant, and Prank Kenfield, second lieutenant, all good men and
true. Mustered in October 10th, and started for Washington on the 11th. I followed
the fortunes of my Company and regiment in camp, on the picket line and on the march,
always on hand and doing duty as well as I could. One day my comrade on the picket
line made ready his meagre breakfast — all that he had — stubed his toe and spilled
It, but quickly scraped it up and down it went dirt and all, and such incidents fre-
quently happened, a true soldier soon adapted himself to such trifles. My tentmates
were Sergeant Orlo S. Judson of Stowe, Corporal Joseph S. Collins and Amos Towne.
At Camp Widow Violet so many sick for a time Surgeon Nichols had an extra tent
put up and I did duty in it for a while until taken sick myself. About June 20th
was better and up about camp. We broke camp June 25th and started on the great
march. The sick had been sent a few days before to Alexandria and Washington.
I was sick enough to go, but there was no room. So on that day was detailed as
guard of the wagon train. The Quartermaster saw my condition and said, "Pile on
to the wagon when tired; march when you can," and thus it was march until tired
out and then ride till rested and in this way reached Gettysburg. I went through the
battle and with my company and came out without a scratch, but was ruptured in

560 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

helping roll Colonel Randall's horse off that was shot and fell on his foot and leg. The
Colonel jumped up and exclaimed, "Damn them, they did not get me that time,"
Since the war I have lived in Stowe for a while; followed farming and then moved
to New Hampshire, where I now reside and have for the last 15 years. I have a little
home in Warren. I am not able to do much work; failing every day; am. now 65, and
if it was not for the pension of $16 per month could not get along. I am thankful
I served my country for now when old and feeble am being well cared for and more,
in a measure discharged the duties that impelled me to volunteer.
Warren, N. H., March 17, 1902.

See page 262 for Henry A. Sparks's picture.

CHRISTOPHER TEDFORD

was from the town of Stowe. The only man in the company who had seen service,
said to have been in British service 15 years, was well drilled and a fine valiant soldier.
Discharged July 21st, 1863. Died in Fairfax a few years ago.

BENJAMIN F. TERRILL

was from the town of Morristown. Discharged July 21st, 1863. Home now Middle-
field, Conn.

AMOS W. TOWN

was from the town of Stowe. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Now resides at Stowe.

BENJAMIN F. WAIT

was from the town of Stowe. Was head cook for Company E. Mustered out July
21st, 1863. Died June 23rd, 1903 at Stowe.

DANIEL C. WATTS

was from the town of Stowe. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Died May 18th, 1883
at Stowe.

SANFORD 0. WELLS

was from the town of Cambridge. Wounded July 3, 1863. Mustered out July 21st,
1863. Died a few years ago.

CHARLES W. WHITNEY

was from the town of Wolcott. Died July, 1863 of wounds received July 3, 1863.

GEORGE B. WHITING

was from the town of Johnson. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Resides at Johnson.

EDGAR D. WOOD

was from the town of Cambridge. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Resides in Middle-
boro, Mass.

AHIAL C. WOOLCUTT

was from the town of Morristown. Promoted to Corporal March 1st, 1863 Woundprt

July 3rd, 1863. Discharged July 21st, 1863. Died some 30 years ago.

WILLIAM V. WOOD

was from the town of Cambridge. Mustered out July 21st, 1863 Re-enlisted in
Company P, 1st Vermont Cavalry December 21st, 1863. Mustered out August 9th,
Xobo.

SAMUEL A. WORTHEN

was from the town of Morristown. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. Died a few years

The Historian of Company B, Henry E. JMudgett, out of extreme modesty, only
mentions the name of his town and date of muster out, as will he seen, leaving his
comrades no information as to his soldier life or as a citizen since the war. The
Regimental Historian finds it a privilege to say that Comrade Mudgett was a con-
scientious, faithful soldier, and discharged with care and promptitude every duty
throughout his term of service. Nothing occurred that he did not observe and dot
down in his unfailing storehouse of memory, and to-day, the incidents of camp, march,
picket and battle, with day and date are readily called to mind. Not a survivor who
can relate so well and fully the incidents of interest relative to the 13th Regiment
while in the service. Our esteemed comrade during the great duel of cannonading
between the two armies in the afternoon of the last day of battle just before General
Stannard's charge against General Pickett's right flank, amidst the roar and carnage,
deliberately calculated the number of explosions during each minute of time as coolly
and accurately as if at his own fireside at home. Such was the peculiarity and bent
of mind of this quite unique character. In civil life he has manifested the same
original characteristics and ever sustained a good reputation at home and among his
comrades and acquaintances. I am under great obligations to Comrade Mudgett for
valuable information appertaining to the 13th Regiment, for which I am thankful.

R. O. S., Historian.

JUDGE CORNELIUS S. PALMER,
Burlington, \'t.

LIEUT. ARNOLD C. FAY, ELI NELSON PECK,

Deceased, 1906. Burlington, Vt.

Llistorians of Co. F, 13th \'t. \'ols.

Biographical and Historical

OF

CO. F

Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

CIVIL WAR 1861-1865

Dedicated to the sacred memory of Corporal Henry C. Russell, slain

in the battle of Gettysburg, Pa., July 3rd, 1863, in the famous

charge of the Second Vermont Brigade against Gen-

eral Pickett's right flank.

Biographical and Historical of Coiiipanv P. 565

THE CONDENSED HISTORY OF COMPANY F.

THE Richmond Company was recruited by the selectmen as provided by the Gover-
nor's order and the different towns with the number of men each of them furnished
are as follows: Williston, 24 men; Jericho, 20 men; Underbill, 19 men; Huntington,
13 men; Essex, S men; Richmond, 7 men; Bolton, 6 men; St. George, 2 men; and
Starksboro, one man; making a total of one hundred men. The Company lost three
men, one by transfer and two were rejected by the medical examiner at Richmond,
Vt. Three men enlisted into the Company before October 10, 1862, making up the
loss, and was organized at Richmond, September 10th, 1862, by the election of John
L. Yale, captain; Lucius H. Bostwick, first lieutenant; and Justin Naramore, second
lieutenant. A hundred boys brought together from the farms, stores and shops of
Chittenden County, all full of fun and frolic made Richmond a pretty lively place
during our stay there. Yet I don't believe there was a low, dirty or mean act com-
mitted, just simply boyish frolics, the overflow of youth, of which no doubt some ac-
counts will appear in the personal sketches of the boys. The next Monday morning
after the organization of the company the members assembled for duty and drill by
the company oiticers. Some of the men that enlisted with the selectmen in August
had received instructions in part one, School of the Soldier. October 10th we were
mustered into the United States service and took our position as Company F, of the
grand old .13th Vermont Volunteers, where we were ever found thereafter, ready and
willing to perform any and every duty required of us. Captain Yale was sick in the
winter and fearing he would not be able to again command his company, he resigned.
We were very sorry to part with him as he was well liked by all the regiment. Bostwick
was promoted to captain, Naramore to first lieutenant, and your humble servant to
second lieutenant; the boys very kindly presented me a fine sword and belt, which to-
day holds a place of honor in our parlor, a constant reminder of the generous donors. In
the spring Captain Bostwick, a model officer, a true gentleman well beloved by the
entire regiment sickened and died. Thereafter Lieutenant Naramore had command
of the Comnany, it being so near the close of our service no more promotions were
made.

Company F made very little history apart from the regiment, but when our train was
captured at Camp Widow Violet, we as a company went down to the Perry and out
some five miles into Rebeldom to head off the rascals, but finding they were ahead of
us and mounted, thought it useless to pursue further, as we had double quicked it
most of the way out, we leisurely returned to camp without any particular incident.
I should like to give personal sketches of the 101 members of the Company, but have
neither the time or the ability to do them justice, of course there were 101 different
characters and it would require the pen of a Dickens to eliminate them, but I will
say we never lacked for sport nor any of the fruits to be found in the surrounding
country. For liquids we generally looked to the Huntington boys and they seldom
failed us, but the other boys soon caught on and whatever of good things the country
afforded. Company F was pretty sure to have her share. I think we lost 8 members
of our company by sickness; 7 discharged, and 2 killed at Gettysburg, making a total
of 17 missing from our number, 10 of whom had answered their last roll call, giving
their lives for country, all good and true men whom their comrades sadly mourned,
and after these many years the comrades living feel it no disgrace to drop a tear to
their memory. There are 61 who have responded to the last call since our return;
having lived to see the glorious Union restored and its mighty advancement in all
things that make a nation great and powerful. They departed with the consciousness
that they had in some measure aided this great work. What more need be said of
them? They were good soldiers and after their return good citizens and their names
are written high on the nation's scroll of honor. There are according to our best
information, 40 of the company yet living, many of whom, no doubt, have written
personal sketches, which will probably appear in whole or in part in the forthcoming
history. To these I will say the hand of greeting is ever extended to welcome to our
humble home on the shore of beautiful Lake Champlain, any of you who may deign
to give us a call. I thank you for the courtesy and kindness always shown me while
tenting together on the old camp ground. My entire remarks apply to every mem-
ber of Company F. I feel like old Mother Laport, she said she had ten children and
not a black one among them. It is thus with Company F, 101 members and not a
.black one among them. Your names will undoubtedly appear at the head of the
Company history to tell the future generations your deeds of valor; that when your
country called you were not found wanting, but staked your lives that the nation
might live. Should other historians give their companies greater praise, do as you
did of old — take it. Ever remember that your old orderly has a warm spot in his
bosom for you and may God's richest blessings be with you one and all.

566 The Thirlccnth Regiment I'crinont Volunteers

JOHN LYMAN YALE

son of William L. and Adelia (Strong) Yale, was born in Charlotte, Vt., October 28,
1840. Educated in the Academies at Williston, Vt., and Watertown, N. Y. Enlisted
from Williston, Vt., under the call of August, 4, 1862, by the president and the gover-
nor's order Number 13, of August 13, 1862. By direction of the selectmen acting as
recruiting officers the volunteers from the several towns assembled at Richmond,
Vt., September 10, 1862, and after the meeting had been officially organized proceeded
to the election of officers. The Rev. Joseph Sargent, a volunteer from Williston,
nominated John L. Yale for the office of captain and he was unanimously elected
captain of the Richmond Company. After the election of the two lieutenants Captain
Yale called the company to order and after appropriate remarks, informed the com-
pany that they were in the state service, under pay and would be furnished with board
and lodging at Ransom's hotel and furloughed until Monday morning next. The company
assembled as ordered and commenced drilling. The company passed the medical
examination by Dr. Knox fairly well. The line officers met at Montpelier, Vt., Sep-
tember 24, and elected Field Officers and the company was thereafter Company P,
13th Vt. Vol. Inf., and left for Camp Lincoln, Brattleboro, Vt., September 29, 1862.
During our stay at Camp Lincoln the company passed the second examination by
a United States surgeon without any rejections. The many interesting incidents that
took place here and during the regiment's passage to Washington will be told by
others. While on Capitol Hill, death made its first entry into our ranks. At the
regiment's first dress parade in Virginia at Camp Seward the company boys were
pleased to see Colonel Rolla Gleason, of Richmond, Vt. The company received Its
first lesson in picket duty of four day's time from eve of November first, 1862. The
description of Camp Vermont and many incidents connected therewith will appear
in the many personal sketches. At Union Mills the Company did duty at brigade
headquarters, where some of the members received their first lesson working on a
railroad. On the 12th of December the company left their log huts at Camp Vermont
and camped in a pine grove near Fairfax Court House where it remained until
January 20, 1863. The company was with the regiment in all of its actions while at
Camp Fairfax. Two men died while in camp here. On account of continued illness.
Captain Yale resigned, which was accepted February 6, 1863, and taken home to Ver-
mont by his father, who had taken care of him from the time of being taken sick.
In July, 1864 commenced to recruit for Company K, 17th Vt. Inf; commissioned
captain September 22, 1864. Mustered in October 8, 1864; mustered out of the service
July 14, 1865. Married Effie J. Lewis, of Williston, Vt., April 1, 1865. Five children
have been born to them. Has been in the lumber business a large portion of the
time in Burlington, Vermont. Now resides at Bedford, Mass.

LUCIUS HOYT BOSTWICK

Only son of Julius Hoyt and Columbia (Chadwick) Bostwick was born September 24,
183'?, at Jericho, Vt. Mr. and Mrs. Bostwick were married at Cambridge, Vt., Novem-
ber 26, 1833. Their only daughter, Mary C, born September 23, 1835, married Samuel
M. Walton, May 30, 1860, and now resides in Montpelier, Vt. Lucius H. Bostwick was
a student at Burlington High School and the seminary at Port Edward. N. Y. After
which he taught school and then was associated with his father in the care of a large
farm, banking and speculating, he was universally respected by his fellow citizens
for his sterling worth and patriotism, a devoted churchman, taking part in the ser-
vices in the absence of a rector at Calvary Episcopal church at Jericho, Vt. When
the call came for volunteers in July and August, 1862, both father and son were active
in helping the selectmen to fill the town quota, generously offering $50 and the son's
bounty of $50 to the next ten men that should enlist. The selectmen of the several
towns having complied with the Governor's order No. 13, of August 13, 1862, the vol-
unteers of said towns assembled at Richmond, Vt, September 10, 1862, and with the
Hon. E. D. Mason, as presiding officer, proceeded to organize the Richmond company
by the election of officers. This company was assigned as Company F, 13th Regiment
of Vermont Volunteers Infantry. Lucius H. Bostwick was elected first lieutenant;
promoted to captain March 3, 1863. A good soldier, a model officer. On account of
continued illness it became necessary for him to resign, which was accepted June 3.
1863. He was taken from camp to a hotel in Washington. D. C, and later to a private
family (a Mr. Prentice) by his mother, who tenderly cared for him through his illness.
His father reached Washington the day before his death which occurred June 4, 1863.
Together they took him to his old home in Jericho, Vt., where a last farewell was
taken by his many friends. The funeral services were held in .the- same Qhurch where
he had so often attended. His body was taken to Montpelier, Vt, and placed In Green
Mount Cemetery. The father and mother soon after his > death removed to Montpelier
and made their home with their daughter, Mrs. Mary C. Walton. : Madaia fiostwick,
bern November 14, 1814, ,died of typhoid fever October 14, 1880. Mr. Bostwick born
June 10, 1805, died of old age February, 1887; both of them were buried in Green
Mount Cemetery, Montpelier, Vt.

Biographical and Historical of Company F. 567

JUSTIN NARAMORE

son of Hawley A. and Fanny Martin Naramore, was born in Underbill, Vt., July 4,
1840. Educated m me common scnoois antt Academy ot his native town. Eniistea
under the call lor nine months' men and was elected second lieutenant of the Rich-
mond Company, September 10, 1862, at Richmond, Vt., which became Company F, 13tb
Vt. Vol. Inf., September 24, 1862. The company history has been written by others
and only a tew facts remain to be noted. Upon the resignation of Captain Bostwick
June 3, 1863, the command of the company devolved upon me as first lieutenant. The
company ot lUU men increased by one recruit January 1, lgb3, making 101 men, was
reduced to 87 men May 31, 1863, as shown by the monthly report of that date on file
at Montpelier, Vt. It is impossible to give account of the company's record because
the company morning report book is not available for reference as it ought to be.
Every man who was a member of the company has a right to see the book. The
company's record will compare favorably with the other companies of the regiment
as to age, physical ability and military discipline. When the order that assigned
the brigade to the First Armj' Corps came, the corps was at Edward's Ferry, en route
to Barnesville, Md.; this was sufficient to show that a rapid march was necessary
in order to join the corps. The Company left camp in heavy marching order but the
order was soon changed. Many incidents occured on this march which indicated the
individual idea of a soldier's duty to himself and country. That the march of an
average 18 miles a day for seven days in the rain, would be a severe test on the men,
was expected, and their ability to fight not improved, but General Stannard reported
that the "Officers and men behaved like veterans." I am certain that the patriotism
of the men of the company who staid on the firing line during the battle, was not
tainted with commercialism. Others have written of the company's doings and the
return to Vermont for muster out. Company reached Richmond on the morning of
July 23, and was given a royal welcome by the citizens, and broke ranks, and went
to their homes. Twenty-five members of the company entered the service in defense
of their country the second time. The seven men who left the company because of
physical disability never fully recovered. Several of the men were mustered out,
were physically unfit for military duty. Lieutenant Naramore commanded the com-
pany during its period of history, making and well earned the rank of a captain. He
married Jennie Metcalf of Underbill, Vt., November 15, 1864, and followed the rail-
roading business most of the time in New Jersey and the South. Died at his home
in Philadelphia, Pa., February 27, 190S, and was buried in Arlington Cemetery, Lansdown,
Pa., leaving a family ot a wife, three sons and two daughters.

ARNOLD C. FAY

was born March 4th, 1840, in Essex, Vt., the son of Nathan and Polly (Colby) Fay,
the grandson of Nathan and Mary (Safford) Fay. Nathan then a boy of 17 was in the
battle of Bennington, his father, John, was killed in said battle, and his father,
Stephen, was owner of Catamount Tavern, the headquarters of the Aliens and other
patriots during that stormy period. Was reared on the farm at Fay's Corners, in Rich-
mond, attending the common school, also the academy at Underbill and Williston.
In August, 1862, enlisted in what proved to be Company F, 13th Vermont, organized at
Richmond September 10th, from the towns of Bolton, Underbill, Jericho, Essex Willis-
ton, Huntington and Richmond. J. L. Yale was captain and as good a lot of boys as ever
went out in the defense of our country. The story of our marches, picket duty and
fighting will be told by better pens than mine, also the scenes of fun and frolic and
rest assured that Company F was always there. We lost by sickness several fine
fellows, among them Captain Bostwick, as fine a gentleman as the regiment mustered.
Reared in luxury, the hardships of campaigning and camp life were more than his
constitution could endure. Corporals Russell and Baldwin answered the last roll call
at Gettysburg, and in a few years more the last one of the grand old regiment will have
been mustered out. I was first sergeant at the organization of the Company, promoted
to second lieutenant March 3rd, 1863, and mustered out with the regiment. During
the following year was most of the time in recruiting service. In August, 1864 again
enlisted and helped to recruit Company K, 17th Vt. Inf., and was commissioned first
lieutenant September 22, 1864, date of the company organization and was sent to New
Haven, Conn, soon after. Mustered into the service October 8. 1864, and went to the
regiment as soon as the rolls were ready, reaching the regiment and brigade October
27, 1864, which was then stationed in front of Petersburg. It had suffered severely in
Its seven months' service and our company numbered as many as were there present
for duty. Guard and picket duty kept us pretty busy through the winter. The regi-
ment was in the grand charge April 2nd, finding Fort Mahone too big a mouthful for
us. After several attempts we lay down and chewed on it till next morning when we
went over it and into Petersburg, howling; took breakfast without any special invita-
tion in General Pryor's dining room. We then followed up Lee and were at Burkeville
at the final collapse; returned to City Point, thence to Alexandria, Va., where we

568 The TInrtccnth Rcc/imcnt Vermont J'olunteers

remained till after the grand review. I was in command ot Company A during most
of my service in the 17th. Was promoted brevet captain April 2, 1865, tor meritorious
conduct in charge on Fort Mahone. Promoted captain of Company D June 26, 1865.
Mustered out as first lieutenant of Company K. The regiment was mustered out July
14, 1865; reached Burlington, Vt., on the 18th; paid off on the 24th of July and dis-
persed to their homes.

In November, 1865, my brother who had served in a New York regiment, and
myself, bought a farm in Irasburg, Vt., and in October, 1866 I was married to Helen
M. Webster, of St. Albans. We sold out in the fall of 1868, and bought the farm on
which I now live in Milton on the Lake Shore and between fishing and farming manage
to eke out a fair living. The door latch is always out and we are more than glad to
greet any of the old comrades. In 1881 my wife died and in 1883 I married Flora J.
Williams, of Richmond, Vt. We have never been blessed with any children of our own,
but have endeavored to make up for that by helping others and making as much
sunshine in life as possible. I have held the office of lister, selectman, and represented
the town in the legislature of 1890, commander of Reynolds Post No. 59, Department
of Vermont, G. A. R., in 1904, and in closing, will say, God bless all the old 13th
boys. Died at his home March 17, 1907, after a short illness, burial in Milton, Vt.

LUCIUS M. BOOTH

son of Samuel C and Eunice Woodworth Booth was born in Essex, Vt., in 1841. Edu-
cated in the common schools and Academy of my native town. In September, 1861,
I went as captain's waiter in Company I, 6th Vt. Vols., and returned home in March,

1862. Enhsted from Essex, September 10, 1862, in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf.; ap-
pointed corporal and promoted to first sergeant March 3, 1863. I was always ready
for duty when the company or regiments had anything to do. Was with the com-
pany in Dumfrie's raid and the entire Gettysburg campaign. Mustered out July 21,

1863, since which time I have followed the lumber business in Essex, Vt., Canada,
Michigan and Illinois. Married Jennie A. Hand, of Colchester, Vt., October 4, 1864,
and by this union four children have been born to us, two sons and one daughter are
now living. Residence 2820 Hermitage Ave., Chicago, 111.

JOHN B. ELLIS

son of John and Katherine (Bunker) Ellis, was born at Huntington Center, Vt., Octo-
ber 12, 1823. Educated in the common schools. Occupation a farmer. Married Sylvia
Gotham October 23, 1844. Enlisted from Huntington September 10, 1862, in Company
F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf., and mustered into the service as second sergeant October 10,
1862; was with the company In all o£ its actions. Mustered out July 21, 1863. Again
married in October, 1889, to Julia Farr. One son and three daughters were born to
him. Died March 14, 1896, and was buried in Huntington, Vt.

JOSEPH H. SMITH

son of Nathan and Lucy (Hall) Smith, was born in Jericho, Vt., September 12, 1822.
Educated in the common schools. Married Mary Hall December 8, 1842. Enlisted from
Bolton, Vt., September 10, 1862, in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf., and mustered into
the service as a sergeant October 10, 1862. Sergeant Smith's first night on picket,
which was also the company's first picket duty, after an all day's march, leaving
Hunting Creek Bay soon after sundown, the last of the company, a sergeant, two
corps, and one private reached their post on the corner of a road crossing the Tele-
graph road at the Mason farm, southeast of Vernondale, Va., about 2 o'clock a, m.,
November 2nd, 1862. A sharp fight was on southwest of us, and the roar, rattle and
smoke, caused us some anxiety. The experienced orderly from General Casey's staff
who placed us on duty, staid with us a short time, soon after he left the corporals
rolled up in their blankets; this made the private anxious of course. The sergeant
says go and get some of the dry brush and throw it down here and then smash it down
and cover it with dry leaves, while 1 cut some green boughs and soon the private was
rolled up in his rubber sheet, enjoying his bed of brush, leaves and boughs, while the
sergeant did picket duty, sitting on a root at the foot of a tree, smoking his pipe as
happy an any soldier could be. Soon the sergeant and private changed jobs, the officer
took the ready made bed and the private shouldered his musket, and did picket duty,
having learned that soldiers who wore stripes on their arms were exempt from guard
duty. Sergeant Smith knew how to live a soldier's life on the tented field in active
service. Mustered out of the service July 21, 1863. Occupation a farmer. Died at his
home in Bolton, Vt., November 21, 1891; burial in West Bolton, Vt.

NORMAN J. ROYCE

enlisted from Jericho, Vt., September 10, 1862, at the age of 33 years. Mustered into
the service as a sergeant in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf., October 10, 1862. Mustered
out of the service July 21, 1863. Died at Holyoke, Mass., date unknown.

Biographical and Historical of Couipan\< F. 569

HIRAM SHATTUCK

enlisted from Huntington, Vermont, September 10, 1862, at the age of 37 years, in
Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered Into the service as a sergeant October 10,
1862. Served as Drum Major until promoted second lieutenant of Company D, June
4, 1863. Mustered out of the service July 21, 1863. Died; date unknown.

LONDUS FULLINGTON TERRILL

son of Asaph L. and Ruth (FuUington) Terrill, was born in Ilnderhill, Vt., April 13,
1837. He was reared on a farm and educated in the common schools of Underbill
and in Barre Academy. He taught school four winters. Enlisted from Underbill
September 10, 1862, and appointed first corporal in Company F, 13th Regiment Vermont
Volunteer Infantry, and with it participated in all of its actions and in the battle of
Gettysburg. Mustered out July 21, 1863. Was postmaster at Underbill from 1868
to 1879. Was town representative and has held various other town offices, a director of
the Burlington & Lamoille Railroad many years, senator from Chittenden county in
1888. He was a member of Post 10 in Cambridge until L. H. Bostwick Post 69
was organized in 1883, of which he was the first commander. A delegate from Ver-
mont to the National Encampments held in 1882-3 and 4. Since the war has been a mer-
chant in Underbill until 1898, and then was in a jobbing business at Jericho to 1902.
Married at Lowell, Mass., in 1860 to Miss Susan A. Fernald. Four sons were born to
them; three are now living. Mrs. Terrill was the first president of the Woman's
Relief Corps in Underbill, Vt. She died in 1901, loved and respected by all who knew
her. Comrade Terrill was a member of the 13th Vermont Regimental Association,
Vermont Officers' reunion society, and the Congregational Church at Jericho. Married
again in Wakefield, Massachusetts, where he resided until his death, which occurred
December 10, 1907, in, Massachusetts -General Hospital, Boston, Mass. Funeral services
and burial were held at Underbill, Vt., December 12, 1907.

GEORGE P. BURNHAM

son of George and Abigal P. (Buell) Burnbam, was born in Burlington, Vt., July
1, 1827. Educated in= High School, Detroit, Mich. Occupation a farmer. Married
Abigal Pierce February 3, 1853, two sons and one daughter were born unto them. En-
listed from Huntington, Vermont, September 10, 1862, in Company F, 13th Vermont
Volunteer Infantry, and was mustered into the service as a corporal October 10, 1862.
Mustered out of the service July 21, 1863. Died June 13, 1873, and was buried at
Huntington, Vermont.

OSCAR F. PHELPS

enlisted from Williston, Vt., September 10, 1862, at the age of 27 years, in Company
F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf., and mustered into the service as a corporal October 10, 1862, and
mustered out July 21, 1863. Died at Williston, Vt., February 3, 1898.

LOREN P. BENTLEY

enlisted from Jericho, Vt., September 10, 1862, at the age of 24 years, in Company F,
13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the service as a corporal October 10, 1862, and mus-
tered out of the service as a private July 21, 1863. Now resides in New Bedford, Mass.

JOHN C. WHITE

enlisted from Underbill, Vt., September 10, 1862, at the age of 38 years, in Company
F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf., and mustered into the service as a corporal October 10, 1862.
Died of pneumonia at Camp Fairfax, Va., January 13, 1863.

HENRY C. RUSSELL

enlisted from Richmond, Vt., September 10, 1862, at the age of 30 years in Company
F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf., and mustered into the service as a corporal October 10, 1862,
and assigned to duty with the regimental colors. Killed July 3, 1863, at Gettysburg,
just before the regiment made the flank attack on Pickett's charging columns. After
the regiment returned to its place in the line, the body of Corporal Russell was buried
on the field by his company comrades, and the grave marked by a head-board prepared
by Corporal B. F. Brown. After the Company had been mustered out and returned to
Richmond, Vt., Private Amos Brown went to Gettysburg and removed the body of
Corporal Russell for its final resting place.

570 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

MOLLIS P. TOMLINSON

son of Eliphlet and Mary (Streeter) Tomlinson was born in Eden, Vt., August 30, 1835.
Educated in tlie common scliools. Enlisted from Bolton, Vt., September 10, 1862, and
mustered into the service as a corporal October 10, 1862. Was with the regiment in
all of its actions. Mustered out July 21, 1863. Married Jennie Wade February 22, 1866,
and by this union six children have been born to them. Occupation a farmer. Resi-
dence, West Bolton, Vt.

HALL WOODWORTH

son of Lysander and Martha (Gile) Woodworth, was born in Essex, Vt., July 22, 1845.
Educated in the common schools. Occupation a farmer. Enlisted from Essex Sep-
tember 10, 1862, as a musician in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the
service October 10, 1862; on duty with his company until taken sick. Died of typhoid
fever at the brick hotel building used as a regimental hospital, Fairfax Court House,
Va., January 9, 1863. Body sent home and buried in the cemetery at Essex Center,
Vt. Young Woodworth's death was the second to occur in the company, an only
son, leaving father, mother and five sisters to mourn his loss.

FRANCIS VOLTAIRE RANDALL, JR.

son of Francis V. and Caroline E. (Andrews) Randall, was born in Montpelier, Ver-
mont, April 3, 1851. On my father's side the ancestors were of Welsh descent. My
grandfather served in the War of 1812. My grandmother, Laura Warner, was a de-
scendant of Seth Warner, of Revolutionary War fame. My father within one month
after the firing on Fort Sumter left his profession as lawyer in Washington County,
recruited and drilled a company of which he was chosen captain and assigned as
Company F, 2nd Regiment, Vt. Vol. Inf., and mustered into the service of the United
States June 20, 1861, and left the state June 24th. I went with father to Washington.
The regiment went over into Virginia and commenced its history, making cai)tain
Randall become a colonel by promotion, September 24, 1862, and assumed command
of the 13th Vt. Vol. Inf., which was mustered into the service of the United States
October 10, 1862. Young Randall's introduction to the men of the regiment was under
the title of "Jimmie," son of the colonel. Jimmie was given much attention by the
young members who always sympathized with him in his boyish fun and frolic, also
because of his being without the influence of a good mother, home and the schoolroom.
Young Randall enlisted arid . was mustered asa mTisician. January 1st, 1863, and as-
signed to duty as a drumilier in Comipany F. While the regiment was in camp near
the Occoquan he had several narrow escapes from being captured by bushwhackers
while carrying dispatches. Was personally thanked by General Stannard for staying
on the field at Gettysburg. Mustered out with the regiment July 21, 1863. Again
enlisted from Montpelier, Vt., January 5, 1864, and mustered in March 3. 1864 as a
musician in Company E, 17th Vermont Volunteer Infantry. The company left the
state with the batallion April 18, 1864, and reached Alexandria on the 22nd, and was
assigned to second brigade, second division of the Ninth Army Corps. The regiment
joined the brigade April 25th, and started on the 27th of April, 1864, for the Wilderness
battlefield. Mustered out July 14, 1865. Have followed various occupations since I
left the service. Married and have a daughter, Rowena M. Randall. Now reside at
West Medway, Mass.

FREDERICK A. SLATER

son of Augustus and Laura D. (Littlefleld) Slater, was born in Essex, Vt., August 10,
1843. I was reared on a farm and educated in the common schools and Essex Aca-
demy. Enlisted from Essex, Vt., September 10, 1862, as fifer in Company P, 13th
Regt., Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered in October 10. 1862. and was with regiment in" all of its
duties. At Gettysburg the bursting of a shell so close to my ear caused total deafness
of the left ear. Mustered out of the service July 21, 1863, and re-enlisted December
24, 1863, as fifer in Company I, 6th Regt., Vt. Vol. Inf., and .ioined the regiment at
Brandy Station, Va., and was with the regiment in all its engagements until mus-
tered out June 26, 1865. Married Miss Cynthia S. Chappell at Wayland, Mich., April
10, 1867. By this union eight children have been born to us of whom six are living.
I have served 20 years as township clerk of Royalton township, Ohio, secretary of
Masonic Lodges for several years here, also quartermaster of Baxter Post No. 238,
G. A. R., about 15 years. A manufacturer of harnesses and dealer in horse goods
and carriage trimmings at Lyons' Ohio.

THOMAS J. LEE

enlisted from Williston. Vt., at the age of 21 years, September 10, 1862, as a wagoner
in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf., on duty with the regiment at all of its movements.

Biographical and Historical of Company F. 571

Mustered out of service July 21, 1863. Occupation a carriage maker and with his
family lives in South Manchester, Conn.

JAMES J. AMBLER

was born in Huntington, Vt., November 16, 1832. Enlisted from his native town Septem-
ber 10, 1862, as private. Company F, 13th Regt., Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered in October, 10, 1862,
was with the company in all of its engagements. Mustered out July 21, 1863, and
went West soon after. A mechanic by occupation, author of several good songs. Died
at Wapello, Iowa, February 23, 1905, leaving three children.

ALBERT B. ATCHINSON

enlisted from TJnderhill, Vt., September 10, 1862, at the age of 18 years, as a private.
Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the service October 10, 1862. Mustered
out of the service July 21, 1863. Resides at Eastford, Conn.

REUBEN M. BABCOCK

son of Selah and Prudence B. (Buxton) Babcock, was born in Jericho, Vt., June 30,
1843. Educated in the common schools, a farmer's only son. Enlisted from Jericho,
September 10, 1862, in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the service October
10, 1862. Died of Typhoid pneumonia January 29, 1863, at the brick hotel, branch of
Green Mountain Post Hospital, Fairfax Court House, Va. Buried in Church Street
cemetery, Jericho, Vt.

GEORGE L. BALDWIN

son of Charles G. and Rachel (Downer) Baldwin, was born in Williston, Vt., March
9, 1840. Educated in the common schools. A farmer by occupation. Married Lucy
Cooley August 28, 1862. Enlisted from his native town September 10th, 1862 as a
private. Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the service October 10, 1862.
Promoted to corporal March 3, 1863. Seriously wounded during the cannonade on
the afternoon of July 3, 1863, at Gettysburg, Pa., and was carried to the rear by his
company comrades. Died July 30, 1863, of wounds received July 3, 1863, and is buried
in the national cemetery at Gettysburg.

HARMON H. BALLOU

enlisted from Essex, Vt., September 10, 1862, at the age of 32 years, as a private in
Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the service October 10, 1862, and was
discharged February 28, 1863, for disability. Died in 1893.

WILSON A. BENTLEY

son of Shelley and Abigal (Stevens) Bentley, was born in Jericho, Vt., May 5, 1841.
Educated in the common schools of his native town, from which he enlisted Septem-
ber 10, 1862, as a private in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the service
October 10, 1862, and performed faithful service in defense of his country until he
died of typhoid fever, June 2.5, 1862, in a hospital at Alexandria, Va., and was buried
in the national cemetery of that city.

JULIUS BLISS

born in Jericho, Vt., April 15, 1833. Educated in the common schools. Occupation a
farmer. Married Helen A. Balch, and by this union four children have been born to
us. Enlisted September 10, 1862, as a private in Company F, 13th Regiment, Vermont
Volunteer Infantry, leaving a wife and two children, which was the hardest battle
I fought. Mustered in October 10, 1862, and was with my company always ready for
duty when called on; was in the seven days' march to Gettysburg and in the battle,
being slightly wounded in Pickett's charge. I did my whole duty, and was mustered
out of service at Brattleboro, Vt., July 21, 1863; re-enlisted and was rejected. A
charter member of Post 4, G. A. R., Morrisville. Followed farming with fair success
and am now living with my son on a large farm in Morrisville, Vermont.

GEORGE S. BLISS

enlisted from Essex, Vt., September 10, 1862, at the age of 19 years, as a private in
Company P, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the service October 10, 1862, and mustered
out with the regiment July 21, 1863. Educated in the common schools and Essex
Academy. Resides at 190 June St., Worcester, Mass.

5/2 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

CASSIUS M. BOOTH

second son of Samuel C and Eunice (Woodworth) Booth, was born in Essex, Vt.,
August 7, 1843. Educated in tiie common schools and Academy of Essex. Enlisted
from Essex, Vt., September 10, 1862, as a private in Company F, 13th Regt., Vt. Vol.
Inf. Mustered in the service of the United States with the regiment at Brattleboro,
Vt., October 10, 1862. He was a person liking excitement and as a soldier preferred
active duty rather than staying in camp. An expert forager he had many close calls
in borrowing from the enemy or their friends, when rations were short or a need of
changing the diet. Scouting in the enemy's country is always considered hazardous
duty. Private Booth was taken quite sick at Camp Occoquan and refused to go to a
Hospital and requested to be allowed to remain in quarters, which was granted and he
was soon able to do light duty. June 25th when the regiment started on the Gettysburg
campaign being convalescent was detailed as guard to the wagon train, obeyed orders
and performed the duty in a faithful manner as any good soldier would. Mustered out
with the regiment at Brattleboro, Vt., July 21, 1863. Again entered the service, enlist-
ing October, 1864, as ordinary seaman in the Volunteer Navy, Mississippi Squadron,
under Commodore Foote, was assigned to duty on the gunboat General Thomas of the
Upper Tennessee Fleet, of which Captain Gilbert Morton was commander; was pro-
moted to paymaster steward and acting in the capacity of assistant paymaster on
the gunboat. Officer Booth was in all of the engagements that the gunboat General
Thomas took part in. Captain Morton highly complimented Officer Booth for his
coolness and bravery in action, valuable service as a volunteer scout, and meritorious
conduct during his term of service. Honorably discharged from the naval service
June 25, 1865. Married Miss Julia Hunt, of Essex, Vt., November 21, 1865. A member
of Sherman Post 86, G. A. R. A faithful official in the Customs service for many
years, he was serving as deputy collector in charge of the port at Alburg, Vt., at the
time of his death which occurred June 24, 1903. Mr. Booth leaves a wife and daughter
living at the village home at Essex Junction and two sons that reside in Burlington, Vt.
Funeral exercises of Cassius M. Booth were held on the afternoon of June 26,
1903, in the Congregational church at Essex Junction, Vt., there being a large attend-
ance of friends, relatives, members of his Post, delegation from Stannard Post G. A. R.,
and Custom House officials from Burlington. The services at the grave in the village
cemetery were in charge of R. S. Sherman, Post, G. A. R.

ISAAC N. BROOKS

son of Christopher and Mary (McColum) Brooks, was born in RichBftond, Vt.. Novem-
ber 8, 1845. Educated in the common schools and Underhill Academy. Enlisted from
Jericho, Vt., September 10, 1862, as a private in Company F, l3th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mus-
tered into the service October 10, 1862. Died at the regimental hospital on Capitol
Hill, Washington, D. C, October 28, 1862, of typhoid fever, the first death in the
company and the regiment. His death caused much sadness among his company com-
rades, who realized that rebel bullets were not the only enemy they had to contend
with in their defense of the nation. Private Brooks was a good soldier and gave his
young life in defense of his country before he had reached his seventeenth birthday.
The body was sent to his family and friends and buried in the cemetery at Underhill,
Vermont.

AMON BROWN

enlisted from Richmond, Vt, September 10, 1862, at the age of 20 years, as a private
in Company P, 13th Vt. Vol. Int., and mustered into the service October 10, 1862. Was
with the company and regiment in all of its actions and engagements during its term
of service. Mustered out July 21, 1863. Last known residence, Montreal, P. Q.

BERTRAM F. BROWN

born in Essex, Vt., December 5, 1839. My parents moved to Fletcher, Vt., about 1848.
on to a farm where I lived until 19 years of age, and then went to Cambridge to learn
the carriage maker's trade. In the spring of 1862 I went to Williston and opened a
shop with John L. Yale. Enlisted from here as private in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf.
September 10, 1862, at Richmond, Vt., where we were drilled in the school of a soldier
until September 29th, 1862, on which date the companies of the regiment I'endezvoused
at Brattleboro, Vt. Mustered into the service October 10, 1862; reached Washington,
D. C, on the 13th; camped on Capitol Hill and while here reviewed by Generals
Banks and Casey. From this time until mustered out I was with the company in all
of its guard and picket duty at every camp and on every march made. Promoted to
corporal June 20, 1863. At the battle of Gettysburg we arrived at Cemetery Hill on
the afternoon of July 1st, 1863. The next day while supporting a battery on Cemetery
Hill a solid shot after killing one artilleryman and horses, buried itself in the ground

Biographical and Historical of Company F. 573

between Lieutenant Naraniore and myself. July 3, during the heavy artillery fire
before the charge, Corporal Baldwin, one of my tentmates, was wounded by a shell
within two feet of me, while we were lying on the ground. I helped to carry him back
to a barn used as a hospital and never saw him again. After the battle we had two
hard days' march. We took the cars at Monocacy Junction for Baltimore, M|d.
Mustered out July 21, 1863 and went to Cambridge, Vt., and went to work at my
trade. Was married to Olive E. Stearns March 22, 1864, five children were born to
us; lived here six years and then bought a farm in Brookfield, Vt., where I now live.
Mrs. Brown died here February 13, 1902, leaving three children, Wm. E. Brown, ot
Burlington, Rollin H. Brown, of White River Jet., Vt., and Hattie M., who lives with
me at the family home, North Williston, Vermont.

BUEL BURT

enlisted from St. George, Vt., at the age of 44 years, Sept. 10, 1862, as a private in
Company F, .13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered in with the company and mustered out July
21, 1863. Died at the home of his son, Norman Burt, May 11, 1894.

LINUS BURT

enlisted from St. George, Vt, September 10, 1862, at the age of 18 years, as a private
in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf., and mustered into the service October 10, 1862, and
mustered out July 21, 1863. A mechanic by occupation, and with his family now lives
at 54 Mechanic St., Westfield, Mass.

JESSE P. OHIPMAN

enlisted from Huntington, Vt., September 10, 1862, at the age of 21 years, as a private
in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf., and mustered into the service October 10, 1862.
Mustered out July 21, 1863, and again enlisted July 26, 1864 and mustered into the
service as second sergeant of Company K, 17th Vt. Vol. Inf., August 22, 1864, and out
of service July 14, 1865. Now resides at Friend, Saline Co., Nebraska.

MYRON D. CUTTING

enlisted from Huntington, Vt., September .10, 1862, at the age of 21 years as a private
in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf., and mustered into the service October 10, 1862, and
mustered out July 21, 1863. Again enlisted August 11, 1864, for one year in Company
K, 7th Vt., Vol. Inf., and mustered out August 18, 1865. Resides at Starksboro, Vermont.

ALONZO J. DOUGLASS

son of Joseph and Alma (Hall) Douglass, was born January 5, 1841, in Richmond, Vt.
Educated in the common schools. Enlisted from his native town September 10, 1862,
as a private in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf., and mustered into the service with the
company. Mustered out July 21, 1863. Married Mary E. Edwards February 17th,
1880. A farmer by occupation. Residence, Morrisville, Vt.

CARLOS C. DOUGLASS

enlisted from Richmond, Vt., September 10, 1862, at the age of 18 years, as a private
in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the service October 10, 1862. Detailed
as officer's orderly. Mustered out July 21, 1863. Died in Washington, D. C, about 1905.

TIMOTHY DRINKWATER

enlisted from Huntington, Vt, September 10, 1862, at the age of 34 years as a private
in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf., and was mustered into the service October 10, 1862.
Mustered out of the service July 21, 1863. Died at Worcester Center, Vt., February,
1901.

PETER DUBIA

enlisted from Williston, Vt., September 10, 1862, at the age of 25 years, as a private
in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf., and mustered into the service October 10, 1862.
Mustered out July 21, 1863. Died at Bethel, Vt., in 1898.

CHARLES HOWARD DUNTON

born in North Underhill, Vt., in 1844, and enlisted from Underbill September 10, 1862.
In February, 1863, at Wolf Run Shoals I suffered a severe attack of pneumonia. After
six weeks in camp hospital Dr. Nichols thinking quick consumption would ensue, a

574 '^ ^''' Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

discharge was granted March 17, 1863. Prepared for college at New Hampton Institu-
tion, Fairtax, Vt., Graduated from University of Vermont in 1810, and took a post
graduate work tor one year at Boston University. I then entered the ministry of the
Methodist Episcopal church, and joined Troy Conlerence. I wai> stationed tor two
years in Manchester where I was superintendent of schools. In 1874 was
appointed teacher of mathematics in Troy Conference Seminary. In 1877 became princi-
pal of that institution. In 1897 resigned this position and became county examiner for
Rutland county. Spent the school year of 1899-1900 as dean of Claflin University,
South Carolina. In 1900 was recalled to the principalship of Troy Conference Academy,
and am now holding this position. For nine years ending 1892 was state examiner
of Normal schools. In 1881 a representative of Vermont in the Inter-State Educational
Convention at Louisville, Ky. In 1898 representative of the town ol Poultney in state
legislature. Commander of Joyce Post No. 49, Department of Vermont, G. A. R. 1906-7-8.
Residence Poultney, Vt.

HORACE L. ELLSWORTH

son of Aaron and Roana (Elmer) Ellsworth, was born in Cambridge, Vt., May 1st,
1839. Educated in the common schools. A farmer by occupation. Married Sarah
C. Sheridan January 12, 1862. Enlisted from Underbill, Vt., September 10, 1862, and
mustered into the service as a private in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf., October 10,
1862, and mustered out July 21, 1863. Died May 16, 1909, and buried at Pleasant Valley,
Vt., leaving a wife and son.

JOSEPHUS ELLSWORTH

son of Aaron and Roana (Elmer) Ellsworth, was born in Cambridge, Vt., May 6th,
1842. Educated in the common schools. A farmer by occupatloa. Enlisted from
Underbill, Vt., September 10, 1862, in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered in
October 10, 1862. Wounded at Gettysburg; mustered out July 21, 1863. Again enlisted
August 31, 1864, in Company A, 2nd Vt. Vol. Inf., and mustered out June 19, 1865.
Married Ellen P. Dickinson November 26, 1863, and by this union lour sons and one
daughter have been born to them. Died at his home in Cambridge, Vt., October 1, 1892,
and is buried at Pleasant Valley, Vt.

JAMES N. GATES

enlisted from Essex, Vt., September 19, 1862, at the age of 19 years, as a private in
Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf., and was mustered into the service October 10, 1862.
He was with the regiment until mustered out July 21, 1863. Died at his home in
Essex, Vt., April 13, 1903.

DANIEL GORTON

enlisted from Huntington, Vt., September 10, 1862, at the age of 27 years, as a private
in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf., and mustered into the service October 10, 1862, and
was with the regiment until mustered out July 21, 1863. Died at his home in Hunt-
ington, Vt., August 1, 1891.

MORRIS L. GRIFFIN

son of Jasper and Parmelia (Holt) Griffin, was born in Jericho, Vt., October 28, 1S42.
Educated in the common schools, enlisted from Jericho as a private in Company F,
13th Vt. Vol. Inf., and mustered into the service October 10, 1862. Was with the regi-
ment in all of its duties until mustered out July 21, 1863. Married Margaret Peverly
September 18, 1871, and by this union two children have been born to us. Occupation
a sash and blind manufacturer. Resides at Westford, N. Y.

HARMON HALL

son of Asher and Plope (Lyman) Hall, was born in Bolton, Vt., March 24, 1830. Edu-
cated in the common schools and Underbill Academy. Married Anna Seeley, March
.5, 1851, and by this union four sons and a daughter were born to them. A farmer by
occupation. Enlisted from Bolton, Vt., September 10, 1862, as a private in Company P,
13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the service October 10, 1862, and mustered out with
the regiment July 21, 1863. Died July 7, 1875, and buried at West Bolton, Vt.

CHARLES A. HARPER

enlisted from Williston, Vt,, September 10, 1862, at the age of 20 j ears, as a private
in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the service October 10, 1862, and
served with the regiment until mustered out July 21, 1863. Died in San Francisco
Cal., January 11, 1904.

Biographical and Historical of Company F. 575

JOHN F. HARPER

enlisted from Williston, Vt., September 10, 1862, at the age ot 24 years, as a private
In Company P, 13tli Vt. Vol. Inf., and mustered into the service October 10, 1862.
Served as company cook a portion of the term of service. Mustered out July 21,
1863. Occupation a groceryman. Resides at 592 Pawtucket Ave., Pawtucket, Rhode
Island.

NELSON HARPER

enlisted from Williston, Vt., September 10, 1862, at the age of 21 years, as a private
in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the service October 10, 1862, and was
on duty with the regiment until mustered out July 21, 1863. Again unlisted from
Morristown, Vt., July 28, 1864 as a private in 2nd Vermont Battery. Light Artillery.
Mustered out of service July 31, 1865. A member of Heni-y Post 27, G. A. R. Died
at Chester, Vt., August 29, 1887.

ALFRED W. ISHAM

son ot Milton and Julia Isham, enlisted at the age of 21 years from Vi^illiston, Vt.,
September 10, 1862, and mustered into the service October 10, 1862, and mustered out
with the regiment July 21, 1863. Occupation fruit grower in Ventura, California.

MILTON E. ISHAM

son of Milton and Julia Isham, enlisted from Williston, Vt., at the age of 18 years,
as a private in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf., on September 10, 1862. Mustered into
the service October 10, 1862, and mustered out with the regiment July 21, 1863. Occu-
pation fruit grower In Ventura, California.

JOHN W. JACKSON

son of William and Laura (Williams) Jackson, was born in Underhill. Enlisted from
Underbill, September 10, 1862, at the age of 19 years, as a private in Company P, 13th
Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the service October 10, 1862. Mustered out July 21, 1863.
Again entered the service August '25, 1864, as a private in Company A., 2nd Vt. Vol.
Inf. Mustered out of service June 19, 1865. A farmer by occupation. Married and
died at Underhill Center, Vt., May 12, 1901.

NATHAN JOHNSON

born in Jericho, Vt., in 1844. Enlisted from Williston, Vt., September 10, 1862, as a
private in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the service October 10, 1862,
on detached duty most of the time. Mustered out, and again enlisted December 15,
1863, in Company E, 1st Vt. Cav., and discharged May 5, 1865, for disjability. Married
and occupation lumber business. Died January 4, 1870, and buried in Williston, Vt.

THOMAS JOHNSON

born in the parish of Mullin, County Tyrone, Ireland, in 1827. He came to this country
in 1837 and the family settled in Williston, Vt. Unmarried; he made his home with
his sister, the late Mrs. Maurice Sullivan, in Williston, Vt. .Occuiiation a farmer.
Enlisted October 9, 1862, as a private in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. laf. Mustered in
with the regiment and was on detached duty as an orderly a largt portion of his
term of service. He spent several years in the West and Burlington, Vt. A good
soldier and citizen; an honest man who had the respect of his fellow men. Died
February 4, 1908, and the funeral services were in St. Mary's Cathedral, with burial
in St. Joseph's cemetery, Burlington, Vt.

GEORGE W. JONES

enlisted from Huntington, Vt., September 10, 1862, at the age of 29 years, as a private
in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the service October 10, 1862, and
mustered out with the regiment July 21, 1863. Died, date unknown.

LAWRENCE KELLEY

born December 3, 1836, and enlisted from Williston, Vt., September 10, 1862, as a private
in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered in October 10, 1862, and was with the
regiment in all of its movements. Wounded at Gettysburg, and mustered out July 21,

576 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

1863, and again enlisted December 19, 1863, as a private in Company D, 8th Vt. Vol.
Inf., and mustered out June 28, 1865. Died May 18, 1883. Buried in St. Joseph ceme-
tery, Burlington, Vt.

THOMAS P. KELLEY

enlisted from Williston, Vt., September 10, 1862, at the age of 22 years, as a private
in Company P, 13th Vt. Vol. Int. Mustered into the service October 10, 1862. Mus-
tered out July 21, 1863, and again enlisted September 3, 1864, as a private in Company
A, 1st Vt. Cav. Mustered out June 21, 1865. Died at Underbill Center, Vt, date
unknovifn.

ANDREW C. KENYON

enlisted from Huntington, Vt., September 10, 1862, at the age of 26 years, as a private
in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the service October 10, 1862. Mustered
out and again enlisted in the United States Navy September 1, 1864, and discharged
from gunboat Penobscot, July 29, 1865. A member of Post 45, G. A. R. Died October
8, 1899, at East Corinth, Vt.

CHARLES S. LAVANWAY

enlisted from Richmond, Vt., September 10, 1862, at the age of 2S years, as a private
in Company P, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf., and mustered into the service October 10, 1862, and
mustered out with the regiment July 21, 1863. Died at Richmond, Vt., date unknown.

ALONZO N. LEE

born in Williston, and enlisted from his native town September 10, 1862, at the age
of 18 years, as a private in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the service
October 10, 1862, and mustered out July 21, 1863, and again enlisted December 15,
1863, as private in Company E., 1st Vt. Cav. Taken prisoner June 29, 1864; paroled
November 30, 1864, and transferred to Company A, June 21, 1865, and mustered out
August 9, 1865. A paper maker by occupation. Resides in Bellows Falls, Vt.

HARMON LEE

born in Williston, Vt., December 29, 1844. Enlisted from Williston, September 23, 1862,
as private in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the service October 10,
1862, and was with the regiment in all of its services. Mustered out July 21, 1863.
A mechanic by trade; now lives with a daughter in So. Manchester, Conn.

MELANCTHON S. LEE

enlisted from Williston, Vt., September 10, 1862 in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mus-
tered in October 10, 1862, and discharged for disability April 5, 1863. Died in Los
Angeles, Cal., February 13, 1902.

BYRON D. MATTHEWS

born in Essex, Vt. Enlisted from Jericho, Vt., September 10, 1862, at the age of 30
years, as a private in Company F, 13th Vermont Volunteer Infantry. Mustered into
the service October 10, 1862. On duty with his company and regiment at all times.
Wounded at Gettysburg and mustered out with the regiment July 21, 1863. Died at
Morrisville, September, 1906.

FRANKLIN MARTIN

enlisted from Underbill, Vt., September 10, 1862, at the age of 21 years, as a private
in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the service October 10, 1862, and mus-
tered out July 21, 1863. Again enlisted from Jericho, August 17, 1864, as a private
in Company A, 17th Vt. Vol. Inf. Was taken prisoner September 30, 1864, and released
July 6, 1865, and mustered out July 23. 1865. Resides at Waterbury, Vermont.

HIRAM MARTIN

enlisted from Underbill, Vt., September 10, 1862, at the age of 23 years, as a private in
Company P, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the service October 10, 1862, and mustered
out July 21, 1863. Residence, Waitsfield, Vermont.

Biographical and Historical uf Company F. 577

CHARLES McCART'X

born in Ireland. Enlisted from Jericho, Vt., at the age of 36 years, as a private in
Company P, 13th Regt., Vt. Vol. Inf., September 10, 1862. Died May 8, 1863, in Wasn-
ington, D. C.

NIAL McGEE

born January 5, .1840 in Jericho, Vt. Enlisted September 10, 1862, from Jericho, as a
private in Company F, 13th Regt., Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered out July 21, 1863. Married
and has two sons living. Occupation, mill hand and groceryman. Resides at West
Bolton, Vt.

PATRICK McGOVERN

was born in Ireland. Enlisted at the age of 18 years from Jericho, Vt., September 10,
1862, as a private in Company P, 13th Regt., Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered out July 21, 1863.
Again enlisted December 4, 1863, as a private in Company H, 9th Vt. Vol. Inf; taken
a prisoner February 2, .1862; paroled November 26, 1864; transferred to Company C
June 13, 1865, and promoted to corporal October 28, 1865. Mustered out December 1,
1865. Married and has a family and is a farmer; resides in Richmond, Vt.

MORRIS D. MEAD

born in Underbill, Vt. A farmer by occupation. Married Sarah Terrill Mead, and by
this union a son and two daughters were born to them. Enlisted from his native town
at the age of 33 years September 10, 1862, as a private in Company P, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf.
A faithful soldier and a good citizen. Mustered out July 21, 1863. Died May 3, 1909
at his home in Underbill, Vt. Bostwick Post No. 69, G. A. R., of which he was a
member, conducted the services at the grave.

JULIUS GALEN MORSE

eldest son of Calvin and Mercy (Mead) Morse was born June 20, 1837, at Underbill,
Vermont. His twin sister, Julia E. - Moulton, survives him as also does his feisters,
Sarah P. Hayden, Lavinia Moore, Mercy J. Wilbur and a brother, Ira C. Morse. The
Morse ancestry dates back to Samuel Morse, one of seven Puritan brothers, who came
from England to America in l636. Saiauel settled in Dedham,, Mass., and died in 1654
at Medifiel'd, Mass., where stands a moniiinent to the memory of the seven brothers.

Julius Galen Morse was educated in the common schools of his native town and at
Bell Institute at Underbill village. September 10, 1862, he enlisted as a private in
Company P, 13th Vt. Volunteers, and was mustered into the service at Brattleboro,
Vt., October 10, 1862, following the fortunes of the regiment until its discharge July
21, 1863. He was present and maintained his proper position in the movement which
turned the famous Pickett's charge at the battle of Gettysburg, July 3, 1863. October
13, 1863 he was united in marriage to Mary E. Tyler of Underbill, Vt., and to
them were born one son and three daughters, all of whom are living. The son, Colonel
Ira E., still living on the old Morse homestead, was commander of the Vermont Division
Sons of Veterans, 1899-1900. In 1866 the subject of this sketch located with his family
on a farm in the adjoining town of Cambridge, but at the end of six years returned
to his native town, purchasing the old homestead where he lived during the remainder
of his life. He died of heart failure May 6, 1863, and was buried in the family lot in the
cemetery at Cambridge.

Mr. Morse was very enthusiastic in G. A. R. work, because a member of Post No. 10
of Cambridge in its early history; was its commander for several years; was detailed
to organize several posts in surrounding towns, attended many of the Department
Encampments, and went as a delegate to the National Encampment at Denver, Col.,
in 1883. He was a member of Warner Lodge, P. & A. M., and Pearl Lodge I. O. G. T.,
both located in Cambridge, and a member of the First Congregational church of the
same town In politics he was a staunch Republican. Liberal almost to a fault he
was always found on the side of the right, assisting in trouble, always keenly alive
to any movement for the betterment of the community in which he lived. These strong
characteristics impressed all who knew him and made him an invaluable citizen.

CHAUNCEY H. HAYDEN, Jericho, Vt.

WILLIAM M. NARAMORE

son of Hawley A. and Fanny (Martin) Naramore. was born in Underbill, Vt., October
m. 1844. Enhsted from Underbill, September 10, 1862, as a private in Company P,
13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered in October 10, 1862. Assi^'^'^d to duty in the ambulance

57^ i he Thivtccnth Regiment Vermont P'olunteers

corps and had a varied experience. One of the incidents was being captured by a
scouting party of rebs while stuck in a Virginia mudhole with my team. Mustered
out July 21, 18t3. Again entered the service as sergeant in Company K, .17th Vt. Vol.
Inf., Augu&t 15, 1864, and mustered out July 14, 186.5. Married Medora L. Porter, and
by this union two sons and a daughter have been born to us. A merchant by occupa-
tion in Underbill, and then removed to Bakersheld, Vt., where I now reside.

CALEB P. NASH

son of Ansel and Clarissa (Parkerj Nash, was born in Jericho, Vt., July 31, 1844, a
farmer's son. My ancestors were in the revolutionary war. Enlisted September 10,
1862, as a private in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf., from Jericho, Vt. Mustered into the
service October 10, 1862, and was with the regiment in all its duties during its term of
service. While in camp on the Occoquan a Virginia citizen complained to Colonel
Randall about his men milking his cows. He is said to have denied this because the
regiment was composed exclusively of theological students. The most satisfactory
guard duty I ever performed was my last two hours guarding the person of General
Stannard while he slept like a common soldier on the field of Gettysburg. Mustered
out July 21, 1863. Married Celestia Chamberlin August 28, 1871. Came to Brattleboro,
Vt., in 1896. Commander of Sedgwick Post No. 8, G. A. R., In 1902. Employed in the
United States postal service as a rural letter carrier at Brattleboro, Vt.

ALFEED D. OLMSTEAD

enlisted from Essex, Vt., at the age of 19 years as a private in Company F, .13th Vt.
Vol. Inf., September 10, 1862. Mustered in October 10, 1862; was with the company in
all of its duties; did my part in borrowing from the enemy, marching and shooting
when we had it to do. Fifer Slater and Private Gates were schoolmates of mine, and
tentmates now. During the second day when the shells were bursting all around us,
Slater came to the Company, having picked up a gun and cartridge box, and took a
place in the ranks and refused to go back to the drum corps where he belongard.
A shell burst so near our heads as to deafen Slater in the right ear and myself in the
left ear. Mustered out July 21, 1863, and went to Wisconsin soon after and have been
farming most of the time since. I am quite deaf and can, do only light work. • Died
at his home in Clear Lake, Wis., October 7, 1903, leaving a wife and son.

JAMES PATTEN

son of John and Nancy (Brewster) Patten, was born in Williston, Vt., September 23,
1833. Educated in the common schools. Enlisted from Williston, Vt., September 10,
1862, as a private in Company F, i:3th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the service October
10, 1862. and did a gun soldier's duty until mustered out July 21, 1863. Married Septem-
ber, 1863, Mary Ann Wilson, and by this union three children have been born to us.
A farmer by occupation. Residence, Williston, Vermont.

CORNELIUS S. PALMER

was born in Underbill, Chittenden County, Vermont, November 2nd, 1844. Parents,
Jonah Ferris Palmer, Chloe (Mead) Palmer. There were four sisters and one brother',
Martha M. Palmer married Edwin Wood, Burlington, Vermont; Sarah A. married A. F.'
Chapin, Essex, Vermont; Freelove W. married Rollin Smith, Essex, Vermont: Carrie
W. married Silas Smith, (deceased), and William Trollinger, Cassville, Mo.; Simeon
M. Palmer married Hattie L. Tyler, Underbill, Vermont, Jonah P. Palmer died April
14th, 1871, aged sixty-eight years. Chloe (Mead) Palmer died May, 1869, aged sixty-
four years. Both are buried at Underbill, Vermont.

Cornelius S. Palmer married Annis R. Fassett in Jericho, October 30th, 1870.
Annis R. deceased in Minneapolis, December 25th, 1901. Of this union there were
two children, Chloe B. and Louie A. Chloe E. married Hiram E. Ross of Minneapolis,
Minn., and she deceased in 1909, leaving three sons. Palmer, Donald and William'
Ross. Louie married U. S. G. Cherry of Sioux Falls, South Dakota, and has one.
daughter, Annis Virginia. Cornelius S. Palmer was again united in marriage with
Mary K. Marshall of New York City and now resides in Burlington, Vermont.

The subject of this sketch in 1862, being then seventeen years of age was frail
physically and for three years had suffered many periods of severe illness. Simeon
M., the brother, and four years the elder was the mainstay and chief reliance of an
aged father and mother, struggling to save a heavily mortgaged farm. Both boys
at that time were fully charged with the spirit of that day, thinking by day and dream-
ing by night of the great conflict then in progress. The natural parental opposition
was present, Simeon could not be spared from the farm and Cornelius was too young

Biographical and Historical of Cotnpau\ F. :;79

and frail. In the quiet of the farm both boys saw the force of such reasoning,
but it came about one day after the haying was done in 1862, Simeon could not resist
the patriotic enthusiasm of a war meeting at Underbill, and he enlisted. In the days
following the boys engaged themselves with the great problem of weighing up Simeon's
duty to his country on the one hand, and his duty to father and mother in the scale
opposite, with the result that the boys decided that for the then present Simeon ought
not to have enlisted. But his act was past recall, and the situation was accepted.
At this point Cornelius began to quietly plan to take Simeon's place. As steps to
accomplish this end he secretly procured some old papers bearing his father's hand
writing, and at times when he could be alone practiced imitating his father's signature.
Then a formal consent was given out and his father's name was forged to it, and
with this accomplished he went to Lieutenants Bostwick and Naramore, of Company
P, 13th Vermont, and pledging them to secrecy, unfolded his plan. Both these officers
promised to say nothing, if no one else did. But they told Cornelius he would have
to get his father's consent in writing, to which he replied. "I have it." He then went
to Dr. Edward P. Howe, then living at Underbill, and who had successfully carried
him through two attacks of lung fever, and also pledging him to secrecy, requested
the doctor to make a thorough physical examination and afterwards answer it possible
two questions. First, if he could pass the medical examination, and second, the
doctor's opinion whether he could stand the exposures of the life in camp. Doctor
Howe gave as his judgment that there was no organic lung difficulty, and that he
would probably pass examination, and gave his opinion that the camp life would
either kill him quickly or it might greatly benefit his health. Cornelius replied, "I
take the chance," and the latter prediction was correct, (he never being off or absent
from duty but two hours during his period of service, and that time being spent in
the guard house for dodging a brigade drill.) Shortly following this Simeon, who was
home on furlough, received notice to report at Richmond, Vermont, on a certain
Sunday to start for the front on Monday morning. Sunday came and Cornelius (as
he expected), was told by his father to hitch up the team and "drive his brother to
Richmond." This he did after witnessing a portion of the parting scene between
Simeon and his father and mother and sister. Arriving at Richmond Sunday night
the boys slept together with the rest of the Company on straw thrown upon the floor
of the dance hall of J. H. Ransom's hotel. Cornelius anticipating the conflict when his
purpose was first made known to his brother, slept but little, arose early and before
Simeon awoke, had donned the uniform and awaited events. About the break of
day the boys began to "stir out," and when Simeon awoke and searched for his
uniform, finding it upon his brother inquired what it meant and Cornelius replied, "I
am going to the war and you are going to stay with father and mother." Simeon's
reply would not look well recorded in this narrative. From that moment the battle
was on, and it lasted for just one hour. The subjects of loyalty, duty to country,
duty to home, physical ability, age, endurance, and all kindred questions were vigor-
ously discussed and no irrelevant language used. Cornelius having a bit the best of
the argument from the fact that he had on the uniform. Finally Simeon said, "Go,"
and if you ever get back, I shall enlist again." When the company formed to go to
the station on the way to Brattleboro Cornelius "fell in" and when Simeon's name
was called he answered "Here," was mustered in and mustered out as Simeon M.
Palmer, with a descriptive list and discharge that of Simeon M. Palmer. And when
the regiment returned Simeon made good his threat by again enlisting in Company
A, Second Vermont Infantry, and served therein till the war closed.

Thirty years after the war it occurred to Cornelius, then in Dakota, that it was
due to his family, that the record in the War Department should be corrected. Going
to Washington he submitted his story to Senator Edmunds who became interested in it,
and who suggested that he thought Congress had recently passed an act which would
allow the correction of the record, and referred Cornelius to Redfield Proctor, then
Secretary of War, who he said would know certainly about it, and promised to secure
special act of Congress, if the act referred to was found inadequate. Secretary
Proctor directed Cornelius to procure an affidavit of some soldier who served in
Company F, that he was the person who rendered the service and forward the same
to him. This was done and in December, 1898, Cornelius received from the Secretary
of War, a regular discharge with his own name together with a very interesting letter
from Secretarv Proctor in which he said, "The enclosed discharge is probably the last
one which will ever be issued to a volunteer soldier who served in the War of the
Rebellion," and very naturally the possessor prizes it highly.

When the regiment came upon the field at Gettysburg and after leaving the
Emmitsburg Pike some of us noticed three or four cows traveling from the direction
of the Cadori Farm buildings toward a point about in line with that occupied by our
pickets on the following day. During the forenoon of July 3rd we were getting
short of water and recalling the incident of the rows, the farmer boys knew they were
going for water, and it was decided by five or six of us that one of our number should
take the canteens of all and try to find the spring. We "drew cuts" and as usual

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

subject of this sketch drew the short straw. Stringing the canteens across his
"shoulders he started down the rear of our line in the direction of the left of our regi-
ment and soon located the spring by reason of a bunch of boys from other commands
being there ahead. Reaching the spring, which was just in the rear o£ our pickets,
we found a square box sunk in the ground, and the water entering the box through
a hole in the bottom. So many boys, with canteens were there that they were in
turn scooping the water up from the bottom of the box as fast as it ran in. We
could get about a teacupful at each scrape of the cup on the bottom of the box. This
made it mighty slow work for eight or ten of us to fill six or eight canteens apiece.
Soon after arriving at the spring a rifie ball struck in the mud at our feet, and it was
then said that a rebel sharp-shooter had wounded a comrade at the spring a few
moments before. This made the water question a somewhat serious proposition, but
we kept on till the second shot struck at our feet, but not so close as the first one.
I had secured about one canteen of water, and calculating the time between shots
I left the spring just before the third shot was due. When I was about three or
four rods away I heard the boys again yell at the third shot. On my return to the
company and passing in the rear of the batteries, I came across a sharp-shooter. I
recall his heavy gun was resting on a frame, and a telescope extending over his
rifle barrel. I told him of my experience at the spring. He had learned of one of the
boys being hit, and said he had been trying for an hour to locate the Johnnie, and
thought he had him and pointed to a tree standing away down on the opposite slope,
nearly as far down as the Cadori house. He said he had seen puffs of smoke come out
of the tree top three or four times, and he was trying to get his glass on him.
Nothing more was said, and I returned to my comrades, with just about water enough
for each one short drink. When our regiment left the field in pursuit of Lee the line
passed three or four rods south of this tree in reaching the pike, remembering the
water question, I, in passing, looked over to the tree, and saw lying at its foot what
seemed to be a body. Running out from the line I went to the tree and there at its
foot lay a great six foot Confederate, all in a bunch, and seemingly just as he had
fallen out of the tree. A few feet from him lay his big smooth bore, muzzle loading
rifle, with barrel about as long as its owner. A rifle ball had pierced his forehead just
over one eye and apparently had gone directly through his head. The Yankee sharp-
shooter had evidently found his man.

The subject of this sketch was being educated in the common schools and
■Underbill Academy, till the war broke out. Returning he tanght district school in
Underbill winters and read law in the office of L. F. Wilbur, at .Jericho Corners; was
admitted to the Chittenden County Bar in 1870; was State's Attorney for Chittenden
County, 1876-7; represented Jericho in the Vermont Legislature, 1880; appointed
assistant U. S. Attorney for Dakota Territory in 1882. Upon recommendation of Sen-
ator George F. Edmunds was in 1884 appointed associate Justice of the Supreme
Court of Dakota. Held that office for four years and until the term expired under
President Cleveland's administration, and a Democrat was appointed his successor.
Resumed the practice of his profession in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, and was State
Senator in South Dakota in 1894-5. Department Commander of the Department of
South Dakota, G. A. R., in 1889. Returned to Vermont in June, 1904, and formed a
law partnership with D. J. Foster, M. C, from the First Vermont District and located
at Burlington, where he now resides.

ELI NELSON PECK

son of Moses and Sylva (Scribner) Peck, was born at Jericho Center, Vt., September
22, 1844, lineal descendant of the eighth generation of Joseph Peck, who came from
England and settled at New Haven, Conn., about 1638. My parents died early leaving
me under the care of a guardian. Attended the schools of my native town. On or
about August 14, 1S62, on a pleasant afternoon, fresh from making hay, I walked over to
the Corners to attend a war meeting in the old brick church, where seven of us volun-
teered and signed our names as directed by the selectmen, as thej' had not received
the enlistment rolls, we being the first to volunteer under this call, but we had a long
wait to September 10, 1862, when I became a private of Company F, 13th Vt. Vol.
Inf., and was mustered into the service October 10, 1862. During my service with the
company I feel very grateful that I was able to promptly take rations, answer roll
call, respond for duty at all times and that I never of my own option, was introduced
to, or excused from duty by a surgeon. Took part in repulse of Stuart's cavalry
(Dumfrie's Raid) December 28, 1862, at Fairfax Court House, Va. Soon after entering
the rifle pits, 20 men volunteered from the company for the skirmish line under
Captain Yale, but were ordered back when out a short distance for fear of our being
captured. Upon our return Colonel Randall ordered a portion of the squad to support
the 2 gun section of the battery on the south side of the pike. But only Private)
Southwick and myself did so. At the time the fires were built by the relaels on the

Biographical and Historical of Company F. 581

pike quite a dispute occurred between us as to the direction the enemy was going.
Soon after the section of the battery ceased firing, another wordy scrap occurred as
to colored lights up in the air west of us. General Stoughton and Colonel Randall
took part in settling the disputes. Stuart's cavalry went north and tne colored lights
were signal lights put up by rebel sympathizers back in the village. The company
went into quarters about 5 o'clock a. m., of the 29th. At 7 o'clock a. m., the company
was called out for roll call to go to Centreville. While waiting for my name to be
called, two small volleys were fired into the company from a road in the woods at
our right and rear. I was knocked over and rendered unconscious by the bullets that
hit me in the left breast causing my being taken to the surgeon's tent in a dazed
condition by Sergeants Fay and Ellis, and to the regimental hospital on the morning
of December 30, 1862, by Privates Henry and Samuel York. I know nothing about
having any care or treatment by any person while in the hospital tent. War Depart-
ment records show that I was admitted to the "Regimental Hospital, brick hotel
building, Fairfax Court House, Va., January 2, 1863, and treated without diagnosis;"
"January 3, diagnosis, fever;" and then "typhoid malarial fever;" "typhoid malaria;"
"cerebro spinal meningitis;" and "spinal meningitis." Finally discharged from the
service at Occoquan, Va., Aiiril 6, 1863, and from "Fairfax Seminary General Hospital,"
April 13, 1863, on "surgeon's certificate of disability from chronic spinal meningitis."
As soon as able, May 18, 1863, I entered the Classical Institute at Essex Center, Vt.
Attended school one year here. Taught school three winter terms, working on a farm
summers. Studied medicine 18 months, including a term in the Department of Medi-
cine, University of Vermont, session of 1865. On account of ill health went into the
building business at St. Albans in 1869. Removed to Burlington in the fall of 1875.
Entered the custom service September, 1899, and served to November, 1893. An
officer of Stannard Post, G. A. R., from September 22, 1878, to January 14, 1910. Senior
Vice-Commander, May, 1909, and have held several other offices, Department of
Vermont, G. A. R. Elected secretary of the 13th Vermont Regimental Association
June 26, 1907. Married in this city in 1865; wife and daughter now living here.
Unemployed at the present time by reason of chronic spinal meningitis, disease of
heart and respiratory organs of service origin. Residence, Burlington, Vt.

GEORGE ANDREW PINE

born in Richmond, Vt., January 4, 1846, where he lived until eleven years of age,
when his mother died and he was left to care for himself. Enlisted from Williston
September 10, 1862, as a private in Company F, 13th Regt., Vt. Vol. Inf. Always
ready for duty when called. When the regiment started on the Gettysburg campaign
he was ill, but put the surgeon's written excuse from duty in his pocket and went
with the company and did his duty the best he could. Mustered out July 21, 1863.
Having recovered from a serious illness of several weeks he again enlisted December
15, 1863, as a private in Company E, 1st Vt. Cav., and was seriously wounded at
Meadowbridge, Va., May 12, 1864. He was taken to Hammon General Hospital, Point
Lookout, Md. His friends sent Dr. I. D. Alger to attend him and by earnest effort he
got him to New York, where he was cared for by his uncle and the doctor until he
died June 13, 1864. His death, like his life, was one of valor and courage. The
officers wrote his sister letters of condolence, and in them said "He was the smallest
and yoimgest of his regiment but what he lacked in size and age, he made up in
bravery, in fact was called the 'Brave Recruit.' "

ZIBA PIXLEY

enlisted from Underbill, Vt., at the age of 39, as a private in Company F, 13th Vt.
Vol. Inf., September 10, 1862. Mustered in October 10, 1862. Was taken sick at Brat-
tleboro, Vt., and discharged for disability May IS, 1863. Died at Jericho, Vt., date
unknown.

ERASTUS POWELL

son of Solomon W. and Sarah (Ingalls) Powell, was born in Cambridge, Vt., June 10,
1840. Educated in the common schools and Underbill Academy. A teacher in the
public schools by occupation. Enlisted from Jericho, Vt., September 10, 1862, as a
private in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the service October 10, 1862.
Private Powell was a good solider, always ready for duty until stricken with typhoid
pneumonia, of which he died May 25th, 1863, at Occoquan, Va. The body was taken
by his friends to his home, where the funeral services were held in the Congrega-
tional Church, Jericho Center, Vt., burial in the village cemetery.

582 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

GORDON REYNOLDS

enlisted from Wllliston at the age of 36 years as a private in Company F, 13th Vt.

Vol. Inf., September 10, 1S62. Mustered Into the service with the regiment and

mustered out July 21, 1S63. Died in Montello, Wis., January 8, 1906, and burled in
Montello cemetery.

BENJAMIN F. ROBINSON

born in England. Enlisted from Jericho, "Vt., September 10, 1862, as a private in
Company P, 13th Vt. Vol. Int., at the age of 24 years. Mustered into the service
October 10, 1862, and mustered out with the regiment, and again enlisted in Company
F, 11th Vt. Vol. Inf., December 7, 1863, from Barton, Vt. Discharged for disability
June 12, 1865. Resides at Barre, Vt.

ZADOCK W. ROCKWOOD

enlisted from Jericho, Vt., September 10, 1862, as a private in Company F. 13th Vt.
Vol- Inf., at the age of 44 years. Mustered into the service with the regiment and
mustered out July 21, 1863. A painter by occupation. Married Caroline Pratt, and by
this union four sons and two daughters were born to them. Died November 13, 1833,
and buried at Jericho, Vt.

MONTRAVILLE ROSS

enlisted from Starksboro, Vt., September 10, 1862, as a private in Company F, 13th
Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the service October 10, 1862, and stayed with the regiment
in all of its various movements until mustered out July 21, 1863, and settled in Hunt-
ington, where he lived most of his life after leaving the army. Was an officer of
Wallace White Post No. 50, G. A. R., for many years. Died September 15, 1907, at
the age of 72 years, at Proctor, Vt., while on his way home from the National Encamp-
ment G. A. R., at Saratoga, N. Y. He leaves a wife, son and two daughters. The
funeral services were held at the Union church in Huntington; the services were in
charge of Post 50, G. A. R.

BYRON C. ROUNDS

enlisted from Huntington, Vt., September 10, 1862 at the age of 35 years, in Company F,
13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the service October 10, 1862, and mustered out of the
service July 21, 1863. Died April, 1898 at Monkton, Vt.

SILAS J. ROWELL

born in Stowe, Vt, May 15, 1840. My parents were born in West Fairlee, Vt., and died
in Waterbury, Vt. Married to Zidany Douglass of Richmond, Vt., August 22, 1862.
Enlisted from Richmond, Vt. as a private in Company F, 13tli Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered
into the service, October 10, 1862, and mustered out July 21, 1863- Was sick for a year
at Waterbury, Vt., and then went to dairyfarming in Richmond, Vt., Alsted, N. H.,
Waitsfield and then to Waterbury, Vt., where I have lived since. Mrs- Rowell died
June 1894, and the husband, March 16, 1908.

HORACE L. SHELDON

enlisted from Underhill, Vt.. September 10, 1862 at the age of 25 years, as a private
in Company F. 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the service October 10, 1862, and
mustered out July 21, 1863. Died August 4, 1863 at Underhill, Vt.

ALONZO H. SHERMAN

son of Harmon and Lucy Humphrey Sherman, was born in Underhill, Vt., June 7, 1840.
My maternal grandfather was an officer on the staff of General Scott, war of 1812.
I was reared on a farm; educated in the common schools. Enlisted from Underhill,
September 10, 1862, as a private in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Int. Was with the regiment
in all of its various movements. Met the Washington Pedler with their goods seasoned
with ground glass. On the march to Union Mills fell into a washout and the injury
received has troubled me ever since. Mustered out July 21, 1863. Again enlisted
March 13, 1865 as a private in Company G, 2nd Vt. Vol. Inf., and mustered out of the
service July 15, 1865. Married Mrs. Julia M. Stevens at Underhill, March 20, 1897,
and moved to St. Albans, Vt, where I now reside-

Biographical and Historical of Company F. 583

CHARLES SISTER

enlisted from Huntington, Vt., September 10, 1862 at the age of 18 years as a nrivata
in Company F. 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the service October lo 1862 and again
enlisted December 16, 1863 from Williston, Vt., in Company D 8th Vt Vol Inf and
mustered out June 28, 1865; went West, and his last address was Cheyenne,' Wyoming.

FREDERICK A. SOUTHWICK

born in Peabody, Mass. Enlisted from Bolton, Vt., giving his age as 31, September 10

1862, as a private in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Int. Mustered in October 10 186'''
Private Southwick was a good soldier, always ready for duty. Mustered out July 21

1863. Again entered the service from Duxbury, Vt., December 17, 1863 as a private
in Company H, 9th Vt. Vol. Inf., transferred to Company C, June 13, 1865. Supposed
to have been mustered out December 1, 1865- Was with the regiment in all of its
engagements, after joining same. Died at West Lynn, Mass., March, 1907 age being
given as 92 years.

CHARLES C. TILLOTSON

born in Waterville, Vt., October 14, 1839 with his parents moved to Lowell Vt in 1853
A farmer by occupation. Married Eliza A. Taylor, December 18, 1861. Enlisted from
Underbill, Vt., September 10, 1862 as a private in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf
Mustered in with the regiment; promoted Corporal, January" 19, 1863. Mustered out
July 2], 1S63. Represented the town in general assembly, 1890, and held other town
offices. Died after a long illness, February 8, 1905, leaving a wife, two sons and a
daughter.

STEPHEN W. TILLISON

enlisted from Underbill, Vt, September 10, 1862 at the age of 29 years. Mustered into
the service October 10, 1862. Mustered out July 21, 1863 and again enlisted from
Moretown, Vt-, February 10, 1865 as a private in Company K, 8th Vt. Vol. Inf., and
mustered out of the service June 28, 1865; went west and died; date unknown.

FRANK J. C. TYLER

enlisted from Williston, Vt., September 10. 1862 at the age of 21 years. Mustered into
the service October 10, 1862. On detached service as a clerk most of his term of ser-
vice. Mustered out July 21, 1863. While residing in Burlington, 1868 joined Stan-
nard Post No. 2 G. A. R. at first meeting July 20, 1868, and was elected first quarter-
master. Went West in 1870 and was an inmate of the Soldiers' Home, South California,
March, 1909.

ALBERT WALSTON

son of James G., and Roxana Green Walston was born in Richmond, Vt., July 17, 1842
and lived here until early summer of 1862- Educated in the common schools. Occu-
pation a farmer. Married Annie E. Baty, August 26, 1862 and two children have been
born to us. Enlisted from Williston, Vt., September 10, 1862 as a private in Company
F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered in October 10, 1862. I was with the regiment in all of
its movements. At the battle of Gettysburg 1 was knocked down three times in quick
succession by the bursting of shells near me in our ilank movement on picket charging
columns, but not seriously injured. Mustered out July 21, 1863. Moved to Milton, Vt.
about 1891. I served as town representative, 1906, and held other town offices.
Residence, Milton, Vt.

ROYAL C. WARD

enlisted from Bolton, Vt., September 10, 1862. at the age of 39 years as a private in
Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. Mustered into the service with the company and mustered
out July 21, 1863. Last known residence, Boston, Mass.

WILBUR F. WARD

enlisted from Bolton, Vt., September 10. 1862 as a private in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol.
Inf. Age 18 years. Mustered into the service October 10, 1862, and mustered out July
21, 1863, and died, date unknown.

584 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

WILLIS T. WELLS

enlisted from Jericho, Vt., September 10, 1862 at the age ot 42 years. Mustered into
the service October 10, 1862. Owing to th severe duties of a soldier's life and advanced
age he soon became crippled with rheumatism and discharged for disability, February
2, 1S63. A shoemaker by trade. Married and had a family. Died at Starksboro, Vt.,
May 15, 1889.

ALVIN D. WHITE

enlisted from Huntington, Vt., September 10, 1862 at the age of 21 years as a private
in Company Y, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf., and mustered into the service with the regiment
October 10, 1862 and served his country faithfully. Mustered out July 21, 1863 and
again entered the service as a private in Company M, Frontier or 26th N. Y. Cav.,
December 30, 1864. Mustered out June 27, 1865. A member of the Masonic Order.
A post commander of Post 50, G. A. R. Had served as town representative and assist-
ant door-keeper ot the senate. A prominent citizen of his town- Died February 22,
1896, only two members of his family survive him.

WILLIAM F. WHITNEY

son of Edmund and Esther Plagg Whitney, was born in Williston, Vt.. October 17, 1842.
Educated in the common schools and Williston Academy. Enlisted from Williston,
September 10, 1862. Mustered into the service October 10, 1862 as a private in Com-
pany F, 13th Vt. Vol. Int., and mustered out of the service July 21, 1863. Married
Tesuah F. Brownell December 18, 1866, and by this union three children have been
born to us- By occupation a farmer. Now reside at Essex Junction, Vt.

HENRY W. YORK

son of Harvey C. and Roxanie White York, was born in Underhill. Vt. Enlisted at the
age of 25 years from Jericho, Vt., as a private in Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf., was
with the regiment in all its movements. Mustered out of the service July 21, 1863.
Educated in the common schools and academy of Underhill. By occupation a farmer.
Married Miss Annette P. Sabens, September 28, 1863. By this union four children have
been born to us. Residence, West Bolton, Vt.

SAMUEL YORK

son ot Harvey C. and Roxanie White York, was born in Underhill, Vt. Educated in the
common schools of his native town. A farmer by occupation. Enlisted from Jericho,
September 10, 1862, as a private In Company F, 13th Vt. Vol. Inf. A good soldier,
always ready for duty. Married Mary A. Sabens. Died February 24, 1906 at his home
in West Bolton, Vt.: age 65 years, leaving a wife and one son; burial in the village
cemetery near his home.

REV. GEORGE H. SCOTT,
Historian of Co. G, 13th Vt. Vols.

Biographical and Historical

OF

CO. G

Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers
civil war 1861-1865

Dedicated in loving rememberance of Jude Xewcity, killed in the great
battle of Gettysburg, Pa., July 3rd, 1863. This youthful hero
of 18 was among the bravest of the brave. Because
of what he and his comrades did on this Battle-
field the life of the Union was saved.

Biographical and Historical of Coiiipauv G. 589

THE CONDENSED HISTORY OF COMPANY G.

THIS Company was made up of volunteers from the towns of Bakersfield, Enos-
burg, Montgomery, Richford, Berkshire and a tew from some of the other
adjoining towns. The place of rendezvous and organization was Bakersfield and
the date, September 11th, 1862; and therefore at first called the Bakersfield Company,
but subsequently known by the letter G, and by this letter given its place in the line at
time of regimental organization. It was known and called during its term of service
Company G. It was indeed quite fortunate in the selection of commissioned and
non-commissioned officers because of a large number of able young men from which to
choose. There were many in the ranks of Company G equally as well qualified for
officers as those who were originally elected and appointed. Nearly all who volunteered
into this company were of the best and most reliable class of citizens from the several
towns that furnished recruits for the Bakersfield Company. Subsequent history of
Company G during its service demonstrated on all occasions its stalwart men, brave
and alert, and was at the end of its service recognized as having won as much credit
during the battle of Gettysburg as any company in the 13th Regiment. This statement
is made from quite intimate acquaintance with the rank and file and knowledge of the
distinguished part contributed in the struggle for victory, especially in the 2nd and 3rd
days. Captain Merritt Williams was mortally wounded early on the 2nd day and then
the command fell to 1st Lieutenant Albert Clarke, and his quick comprehension and
grasp of the situation, and his deliberate manner and inspiring conduct encouraged
every man of his company to do his very best. Colonel Randall, while his regiment was
down in the valley of Plum Run gathering in the prisoners of General Picketts defeated
heroes, very properly turned to Lieutenant Albert Clarke and said "Captain take your
company and conduct these prisoners to the rear and return as soon as possible."
Colonel Randall knew upon whom to call for this dangerous and important duty. I
would not make invidious comparison or distinction for quite likely any would have
executed this important order with promptness, skill and satisfaction. To Company G
must be given the credit of being first and foremost in the building of the breast-work
out of a rail fence to the front of our then position in the forenoon of the last day of
the battle in anticipation of a charge of the enemy against our then position. This
forethought and conception originated with Company G. Lieutenant Clarke saw the
opportunity and called for his daring Sergeant who was then acting as a Lieutenant
and requested that he seek volunteers to go out on the open field and erect the breast-
work, and it was quickly executed with Sergeant George H. Scott in command. This
move proved to be of great importance in the desperate charge made by General Pickett
in the last hours of the battle.

There are many lengthy sketches of individuals of this company and I fear some
will prove a tiresome task to read. The soldiers written of are entitled to all that has
been said of them in this company history, and yet I realize some of the articles might
have been much abridged. The author has been embarrassed in the preparation
because of not having for the last few years a more intimate touch with the survivors
of this company, and because his letters have not been answered by the comrades
when written to. Hence if some appear to be slighted such must understand the reasons
are lack of better and more accurate information. The author regrets his inability to
do justice to the dead and living of Company G, and with reluctance agreed to accept
the task, but have done his best to meet expectations. I was warned against long
sketches but I find it impossible to mention each with a line or two of reference. To
express briefly and accurately a few words concerning each one, and tell of duty done
in the service and in civil life, and avoid criticism could not be exnected. I would
have said more of some and less of others and not so much of all. The comrades of
Company G will excuse omissions, errors and accept thanks for information furnished
and preparation of individual sketches. William Oakley Brigham, Lieutenant Albert
Clarke and others have furnished interesting articles that appear in this company
history, and to those your attention is called. The object of the regimental historian
is I trust attained so far as Company G is concerned for one and all have been men-
tioned.

590 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Folimteers

CAPTAIN MARVIN WHITE.

Your historian has found it difficult to procure details of the early life of Captain
White. Comrade H. H. Stevens has secured for him after careful inquiry the following:
He was born in Richford, Vt.. had few advantages for schooling in his boyhood, —
learned the trade of a blacksmith and set up a shop in Enosburg. People speak of him
as a good blacksmith — and "like other boys of his stamp." He married a Banister girl
of Richford. by whom he had two daughters. These survive him. His widow has
never married. His daughters, both married. All have left Enosburg, and our in-
formant could not ascertain what has become of them. When the call came for 300,000
nine months' men. White was ready to leave his trade and bid good bye to his
family and iight for his country. He was the first man to enli.st in Enosburg and by
his example and counsel did much to induce others to enlist. When in a public meeting
volunteers were being called for and "some one from West Enosburg said, the first one to
enlist would command the company. White walked right up and put his name down." For
the above reasons doubtless, the Enosburg quota felt bound to nominate him for the
office of captain, though older and abler men remained in the ranks. It should be said
of him he was kind hearted, patriotic and tried to be a good officer, and thoughtful of
his men, but he lacked some of the qualities necessary to one in command, while
he could not do his best, because he felt his company did not respect him as their
Captain. When death entered our ranks and Homer Fletcher was called home, he
showed his thoughtful kindness by making the arrangements necessary for the funeral,
and went to Washington to arrange for sending the body home. Soon after while the
regiment was at Camp Vermont he sickened and was taken to the hospital. When the
regiment left that camp, Captain White was left behind, and Comrade Ward Piper was
detailed to care for him. In a few days he died, December 13th, 1862. The same ser-
vices were rendered him that he rendered to Fletcher. His remains were sent home,
and now repose in the cemetery at West Enosburg.

The nurse who attended him in his last sickness, paid this tribute to his memory:
"In justice to Captain White let me say that while he may not have been all that was
desired as a company commander, he impressed me as a man who had a very kind
heart." Surely he died for his country as truly as his successor Captain Williams
who fell mortally wounded on the battlefield of Gettysburg July 2nd, 1863.

SKETCH OF CAPTAIN WILLIAMS, CO. G, 13th. VT.

BY COBPOBAL .T. W. HITCHCOCK.

Captain Merritt Bates Williams was born May 9th, 1840 in Bakersfield, Vt., son of
George W. Williams a farmer and prominent citizen, and Emily Williams, his wife,
daughter of Zebulon and Luna Leach. He was my own cousin. Early life was spent
on his father's farm, where he grew up, industrious, temperate and conscientious; re-
ceiving a common school and academic education. He was large-hearted, observing:
shrewd and practical rather than analytical and scholarly: naturally social, vivacious
and winning; being a favorite among the young people of the town, he was a con-
spicuous and leading spirit. In childhood he became a Christian. Sometime previous
to enlistment he united in marriage with Miss Jennie Hooker of Bakersfield. The
beginning of his military service was in the fall of 1862, when he enlisted at the age
of 22, for nine months, from Bakersfield, Vt.

At the organization of Company G. 13th Regiment Vermont Volunteers, he wag
elected First Lieutenant. After Captain White's illness in the latter part of November,
and subsequent death, command of Company G devolved on Lieutenant Williams. In
February, 1863, he was promoted to the rank of Captain in command of Company G;
filling that position with credit until mortally wounded by an exploding shell, at the
head of his company on the battlefield at Gettysburg, July 2nd, 1863, eight days before
expiration of the time for which he enlisted. He was removed from the battlefield to
the home of Thomas Hooker, his wife's father in Bakersfield. Harvey Barns accom-
panied him as nurse and assistant. The shell that wounded him exploded above, in
front and a little to the right of him; a small fragment entered the right breast, taking
a downward and backward course to the liver, as was supposed, although it was never
exactly located. Everything possible was done by devoted friends for his comfort and
recovery; and for sometime he was very hopeful. A fatal result was doubtless inevit-
able. After eleven weeks of suffering, patiently and heroically endured, death brought
relief. He viewed death calmly and said he was ready to go, in hope of Christian im-
mortality.

"Like one who wraps the drapery of his couch about him and lies down to pleasant
dreams." He gave minute directicns for his funeral, requesting that Company G might
be there, and that Rev. B. A. Titus preach the funeral sermon. It was held at the Con-
gregationalist church in Bakersfield, attended by a very large gathering of citizens
and soldiers, with impressive services, and many demonstrations of love and mourning.
His body reposes in the now beautiful cemetery of his native town.

Biographical and Historical uf Coinpaii\ G. =;c)r

He was greatly beloved, and lived in the hearts of his friends: as a citizen was
highly esteemed. As an officer he was ever attentive to duty, solicitous and self-denying
for his men; bravely standing at his post at all times, winning the love and confidence

REV. JOSEPH W. HITCHCOCK.

LIEUTENANT ALBERT CLARKE.

BY EEV. GEORGE II. ,SCOTT.

"Who's Who in America" gives the following sketch of Colonel Clarke.

Albert Clarke, lawyer, economist, secretary Home Market Club, Boston, since .July,
18S9; born Granville, Vt., October 13th, 1840; son of Jedediah and Mary (Woodbury)
Clarke graduated at Barre, Vt, academy, 1859; (honorary A. M. Dartmouth College, 1888;
studied and practiced law, Montpelier, Vt., 18.59-6.5; married at Rochester, Vt., January
21st, 1864, Josephine Briggs. Enlisted 13th Vermont Volunteers Infantry, August, 1862;
thrice promoted, commander of company at Gettysburg and cajitured cannon and prison-
ers. Member of Vermont senate, 1874; Massachusetts House of Representatives., 1896-
7-8, chairman of committee on Ways and Means; delegate National Republican Con-
vention, 1892; colonel on Governor Dillingham's staff, Vt., 1865; judge advocate general,
G. A. R., 1897; president Vermont and Canadian R. R., 1885-6; member United States
Industrial Commission, 1899-1900; chairman, 1901-02. Editor and most of the time
proprietor of St. Albans (Vt. ) Messenger, 1868-80; on staff Boston Daily Advertiser,
1883-5; editor and manager of Rutland (Vt.) Herald. 1886-9; editor of Home Market
Bulletin (now Protectionist Manager) since 1889. Author of many addresses and
pamphlets, etc. Residence. 879 Beacon St.; office, 77 Summer St., Boston.

There are fuller sketches in Lamb's Biographical Dictionary, in The National
Cyclopedia of American Biography, and in several other biographical and genealogical
publications. From these sketches and from personal knowledge the writer has been
able to prepare the following:

Albert Clarke was born in Granville, Addison County, Vermont, on the 13th day of
October, 1S40, and he had a twin brother, Almon. who resembled him so closely that
for 60 years they were mistaken for each other. They descended from Richard Clarke,
who came to this country from Rowley in Yorkshire, England, in 1638 and settled in
Rowley, Essex County, Massachusetts. The line of descent is Richard, John, Richard,
Ebenezer, who removed to Connecticut, Timothy, who removed to Rockingham, Ver-
mont, and became a Revolutionary soldier, participating in the battle of Bunker Hill,
Jonothan Rogers, who removed to Rochester, Vermont, Jedediah and Albert. On his
mother's side his first ancestor in this ccuntiy was John Woodbury "ye old planter of
Salem", who was a prominent citizen and was sent by Governor Endicott on a mission
to England. The line runs thus: John Woodbury, Peter, Peter, Benjamin, Peter, who
was captain in Colonel Job Cushing's regiment in the Revolutionary army and marched
to Bennington to reinforce General Stark; Peter, who was a member of his father's
company and who removed to Bethel, Vermont, in 1792; Ruth. Mary, the wife of Jedediah
Clarke and the mother of Dean, Albert and Almon. Mary's parents were both Wood-
burys, her father, Daniel, being sen of Gideon, son of Joshua, son of their common an-
cestor, Benjamin. Nearly all of the Woodburys in this countiy descended from John,
including former Governor U. A. Woodbury of Vermont and Hon. Levi Woodbury of
New Hampshire, who was judge, speaker of the house, governor, secretary oi the navy,
secretary of the treasury and justice of the U. S. supreme court.

The father of the Clarke boys was a shoemaker and farmer, who had but small
means and a limited education, his father having died when he was but eight years old.
Nevertheless, he did what he could to make up for his early disadvantages and helped
his sons to obtain good educations, though the financial crisis of 1857 and the gathering
storm in the South led them to give up going to college, after having prepared at West
Randolph and Barre academies, and to take up professional studies instead. Dean and
Almon choosing medicine and Albert the law, Almon, having graduated in medicine
at the University of Michigan, became Assistant Suigeon of the 10th Vermont Infantry
and after two and one-half years was promoted Surgeon of the First Vermont Cavalry,
with which he served until the close of the war. Then he practised for 20 years in
Sheboygan, Wis., became president of the Wisconsin State Medical Society, professor
in the Milwaukee Medical College, and Surgeon for several years of the National
Soldiers' Home at Milwaukee. He died at Pensacola, Florida, May 1st, 1904.

Albert, the subject of this sketch, read law at Montpelier and began practise there
in partnership with Hon. W. G. Ferrin, who was afterwards State Auditor. He en-
listed August 25th, 1862, in what became Company I, 13th Veimont. He sought no
oflice but was appointed sergeant and before leaving the state first sergeant, and he was
in command of the company during the regiment's advance at Union Mills. January
22nd, 1863, he was promoted first lieutenant of Company G, and held that office until

5y2 The Thirteenth Reghncnt Vermont Volunteers

mustered out. Owing to the illness and death of Its captain the company had fallen
behind some of the others in drill. The new captain, Merritt B. Williams, devolved
much of the drill of the company and the care of its accounts upon Lieut. Clarke, and
gave him all needful support. The company rapidly improved and was soon equal
to the others in efhciency. When the captain received a mortal wound in the second
day's battle at Gettysburg, and was taken from the field, Lieutenant Clarke of course
succeeded to command. After Weir's or Turnbull's battery was re-captured by the
right wing of the regiment. Colonel Randall, sujiposing that Captain Williams must
have died, and wishing to reward the lieutenant for what he spoke of as gallant con-
duct, promoted him as captain and addressed him as such until it was learned, after
the battle, that Williams was still living. As he lived until after the regiment was
mustered out, of course Clarke could not receive the commission that he had earned.
An incident of the recovery of the battery is worth recording in this connection. The
men found some difficulty in hauling the guns up the slope and Clarke aided them by
carrying as many of their rifles as he could hold. This greatly amused Private .John
McMahon, who afterward became the champion wrestler of the world, and when taking
back his rifle he slapped the lieutenant upon his back and promoted him to be a brigadier
general. This shows that some of the boys were not devoid of humor, even amidst the
terrors of battle; but it was more than a joke; it was appreciation of good service and
the subordination of rank to helpfulness.

It was before this charge and when the brigade was awaiting orders just south of
Cemetery Hill that a spherical case shot exploded over Company G and gave the captain
his mortal wound. A fragment of the same missile struck Lieutenant Clarke on his
right ankle, but he was so much occupied in attending to Private M. B. Smith, who
thought he was mortally wounded, that he did not notice it at the time, further than
to think he had been hit by the butt of a musket but a little later he found that he had
received a painful bruise. By the time the battle was over the ankle had become so
inflamed that he was obliged to go into hospital for two days, and he did not fully
recover for two months. What came so near being a tragedy to Private Smith would
have been amusing if it had not been serious. Smith clasped his hands across his
stcmach and told Lieutenant Clarke that he was killed and his bowels were coming
out. Seeing no bowels or blood the officer pulled the man's hands apart and found his
belt plate doubled like a fist, a fragment of the spherical case having struck it with
great force and dropped to the ground. The clothing was not penetrated nor the flesh
broken but Smith has never fully recovered from the internal injury resulting from
the blow. For a minute Lieutenant Clarke had difficulty in convincing him that his
belt plate had saved his life.

It seems proper to record here another incident of that day's fighting. After the
battery had been recaptured and the guns turned over to other troops. Colonel Randall
re-formed his line and charged back over the same ground as far as the Cadori and
Peter Rogers houses. The hour was twilight and the field was smoky. Company C,
(Captain Coburn) was ordered to the left, as far as the Peach Orchard, to bring in
what appeared to be some abandoned guns. The other companies were fired upon
from the Rogers house, which chanced to be in front of Company G, and the fire was
returned. The next company on the right, Company A. (Captain Lonergan) moved
around to the rear of the house, and Adjutant .lames S. Peck went to the door and
commanded the Confederates to come out. They surrendered without further resistance.
Years afterwards Captain Lonergan was granted a medal of honor for his part in this
affair.

The next day the experience of Lieutenant Clarke was like that of most of the
other officers and men. under the terrific artillery fire of the early morning and in the
afternoon preceding Pickett's charge. When the regiment advanced to the rails that
had been placed in line along the edge of the low table-land above the valley of Plum
Run, Pickett's approaching line had come within short rifle range and was firing as well,
as advancing. As soon as our men halted and were ordered to lie down, they sought
to return the fire but Lieutenant Clarke commanded us to hold our fire until we re-
ceived an order. This annoyed us and we could not understand it, for, resting our
rifies on the rails, we secured perfect aim. Soon, however, the skirmishers — our com-
rades of the 16th Vermont and sharpshooters fell back through our line and then
came the welcome order to fire, and it was obeyed with alacrity and with such fearful
execution that Pickett's column, which was already obliquing to the left, hastened its
inovement and soon uncovered our front. Then came General Stannard's memorable
order first to Colonel Randall of the 13th Regiment and then to Colonel Nichols and
Veazey of the 14th and 16th Regiments to "change front forward on first company."
The order was not heard except by those near him, seeing which Colonel Randall ran
along the line and gave a simpler order, "By the right flank, follow me, double quick",
and this was obeyed and the regiment, four men abreast, moved "head on" as railroad
men say, towards Pickett's right, which had then got some 300 yards away from us.
Pefore starting. Lieutenant Clarke gave orders to have Corporal Snell, who had been
wounded in the head, taken to the rear, and while running he was overtaken by Corporal
Humphrey of Company 1. his former company, who informed him of their losses up to

Biographical and Historical of Company G. 593

that moment, for which he expressed regret. When the regiment got within a few
rods of the enemy it moved "on the right into line", which position was at a right
angle from the main line of our army and was facing Pickett's right flank, which very
soon became massed under the fire from two directions. Here we soon began to gather
in prisoners and by chance many of them came in through Company G. As the air
was thick with hissing shot, Lieutenant Clarke ordered the prisoners to lie down,
which they were very glad to do. One of our men said to him "You are treating the
enemy better than you treat us," to which he replied "that is "true, but we are at work
and their work is over." The splendid array before us was rapidly falling, scattering,
and disappearing and very soon Clarke received a:n order to conduct the prisoners to
the rear. Soon after the column started we were reinforced by Company I and by
Major Boynton and we moved over the low ridge where Cushing's battery was an-
nihilated to the Baltimore pike and thence past our artillery reserve to the provost
guards and the hospitals in the rear. It seems proper here to insert the following
incident, which was published in the Boston Transcript, June 21, 1902.

"At a gathering of veterans of the Civil "War, held in Boston a few years ago. Dr.
E. N. Whittier, who died last Saturday, told how near he came to firing upon a detach-
ment of the Union Army. He was first lieutenant in command of Stevens's Maine
battery, on the northwest spur of Gulp's Hill, east of Cemetery Hill at Gettysburg.
The battery had done magnificent service on the late afternoon of the second day of
the battle in helping to repulse the charge of the 'Lousiana Tigers,' but during thS
third day it was disengaged. Dr. Whittier said that by turning to their left and rear
they had a perfect view of Pickett's charge, and when he saw the Confederates break
through the Union line at the copse of trees, he wheeled about his guns, aimed at the
position and intended to fire as soon as he could see the column emerge from the
smoke and from the intervening Union soldiers. What he expected did not take place,
but a few minutes later he saw a body of Confederates a little further to the left
surge out of the smoke and move towards the Baltimore pike. Then he thought his
opportunity had surely come, but looking through his glass he saw a thin line of
blue surrounding the column of gray and then realized that the men were prisoners
and were being conducted to the rear. He expressed his great thankfulness that he
looked thus carefully before firing, and then Colonel Albert Clarke arose and said,
'Doctor, I, too, wish to express thanks, for I was in command of that column.' The
applause which followed this wholly unexpected incident can be imagined. The two
veterans, who had never met before, shook hands as though they had been old friends,
and, of course, they were friends ever after."

After reaching the rear. Lieutenant Clarke went into hospital for two days, to have
his ankle treated, but hearing that Lee had retreated and our army had started in
pursuit, he secured an abandoned horse and followed as fast as he could, overtaking
us that night at Emmitsburg, Md. The next night, after a hard day's march, while
crossing Catoctin Mountain in the dark and rain, he fell unconscious from pain just
before reaching the summit and might have died if he had not been found by Captains
Lonergan and Wilder, who had become separated from their companies in the con-
fusion, and who aroused him, learned who he was, and assisted him to a log house
and obtained for him the service of a surgeon. The next morning he found himself
alone with the rebel but kind hearted family and managed to limp down the mountain
to the west until he could see the army in the valley below. He reached Middletown
and then ascertained the location of our regiment and overtook us before night. There
about midnight he received a visit from his twin brother. Assistant Surgeon of the
Tenth Vermont, who, having heard of our arrival, had turned back from the march over
South Mountain to find him. The greeting between the brothers and their heart-to-
heart talk of two hours can be better imagined than described. So can the brave
parting.

The service of the Thirteenth practically ended here. Nothing of note occurred
on the homeward journey which need be mentioned in a sketch of Lieutenant Clarke
except that when the regiment reached New Haven and was requested to return to
New York to assist in quelling the draft riots, and Colonel Randall left it to the com-
panies to decide what they would do, Clarke favored returning and most of his men
were willing to go with him, but the decision of the regiment as a whole was in favor
of obeying the order to go to Brattleboro, so of course they kept on together. When
the Washington county men reached Montpelier on the evening of .July 24, cannon were
fired, bonfires were lighted and a great throng of people had assembled to greet them.
Speeches were made by Colonel Randall, Captain Coburn and Lieutenant Clarke, and
the next day these soldiers and their comrades quietly resumed the civil life which
they had left about a year before. Clarke soon visited Rochester, drawn thence by
tender ties. His mother had died during his absence, an elder brother had brought a
bride to their home, and his own fiance was waiting to receive him. He resumed the
practice of law at Montpelier, or, as he described it, "the practise of patience," was
married the following January to Miss Josephine, the youngest daughter of Hon. E. D.
Briggs of Rochester, and after some months this alliance led him to transfer his office
from Montpelier to Rochester.

594 I'l'e Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

Prom 1864 to 1868 he was first assistant clerlt in tlie house of representatives of
the state and became legislative correspondent of the St. Albans Messenger. This led
to his becoming an editor and soon proprietor of that journal and also of the Transcript
which had competed with it for some years, although he had no thought of leaving the
law except temporarily. The exacting nature of the business, however, changed
his career and for twelve years he was a recognized leader in Vermont journalism and
politics. In 1870, while reporting the Fenian raid from Franklin. Vt. to Eccles Hill in
Canada, he came under fire and narrowly escaped. He there made the acquaintance
of John Boyle O'Reilly, which in later years was renewed in Boston. The fighting
occurred after noon. Having gathered the main particulars, he drove twelve miles
to St. Albans, writing whenever the road was smooth enough to permit, issued a three
column account at five o'clock and wired a full report to the New York Tribune, for
which he received $80 and a complimentary letter from Whitelaw Reid. The most
noteworthy feature of his newspaper life in St, Albans was a ten years' battle royal
with the men then in control of the Vermont Central Railroad and of the politics of
both parties in Vermont. One phase of it was the starting by the railroad faction of
on opposition newspaper. Able writers were brought from Washington and Boston
and more brilliant controversial writing has seldom been seen in New England than
marked the editorial pages of both papers for several years. As an incident of the
controversy, Clarke was elected after a bitter fight to the state senate in 1874 but he
declined a second term on account of the exactions of hi.s business. Former Governor
J. Gregory Smith was president of the railroad and one year was desired, by many
Republicans for first delegate at large to the national convention. Clarke was chair-
man of the St. Albans delegation and became chairman of the Franklin county dele-
gation. It was thought to be a delicate matter to ask him to favor his leading opponent
and especially to present his name in the convention. Finally a mutual friend broached
the subject to him and Clarke promptly replied that if the home delegations desired
it, he would with pleasure nominate Governor Smith, tor he recognized his eminent
fitness for the service. This was done and before long newspapers began to mention
Clarke for the next lieutenant governor. For some time the railroad people acquiesced
but because Clarke refused to pledge any change of policy in the conduct of his news-
paper, their opposition began to appear and he declined to be a candidate.

All this, of course, was public but a year or two later something occurred which
never became publicly known, and of which even now I lack full knowledge. It was
rumored after a peace or lull of some months that Governor Smith had sent for Clarke,
proposed to him a consolidation of the newspapers, offered him the printing and sta-
tionery business of their 700 miles of railroad, on which a reasonable profit, coupled
with the newspapers, should yield at least $10,000 a year, and reminded him that but
for their opposition he could have been lieutenant governor and in due time governor,
leaving him to infer that with their opposition withdrawn those honors would yet come.
Whatever offer was made, if any, failed. Whenever he has been asked about it since,
Clarke has always replied that the talk was confidential and he had better continue
the confidence, especially since the governor has deceased and cannot speak for him-
self. It is believed, however, that Clarke felt that he could not bring his friends into
the proposed peace and he would not even seem to desert them. In 18S0 he sold the
business to Mr. S. B. Pettengill, a former editor of the Rutland Herald, and removed
to Boston. He continued in newspaper work and also became a director and a little
later president of the Vermont and Canada railroad company. After the Supreme
Court of Vermont had decided that the Vermont and Canada had become jointly liable
for the debts of the Vermont Central to which it was leased, a consolidation followed,
and Clarke devoted himself wholly to work on the staff of the Boston Daily Advertiser,
until 1SS.!>, when he was called to be assistant to the president of the Boston & Lowell
railroad. He with others soon began a negotiation for the purchase of the Rutland
railroad and this led to his going to Rutland as editor and manager of the Herald.
The effort to acquire the railroad failed because the Delaware & Hudson offered more
than his friends offered, and in 1889 Clarke returned to Boston and was elected Secre-
tary and Manager of the Home Market Club, and has been annually re-elected ever
since, at tliis writing his service having continued nearly 18 years, during which time
he has made more than a national reputation as an economist and as a writer and
speaker for the protective tariff. This work has brought him into close and con-
fidential relations with many of the principal men of the country, especially in the
Republican party.

In 1896-7-8, Clarke was a member of the Massachusetts house of representatives,
where he became chairman of the committee on. ways and means. When the Spanish
war broke out he prepared an appropriation bill which was enacted and signed by the
governor in 20 minutes, under a suspension of all rules. He was also author of the
law under which the soldiers and sailors of that state were paid seven dollars a month
by the state. A framed copy of the bill and the quill with which it was signed hangs
in his office, accompanied by this certificate:

Biographical and Historical of Company G. 595

Commonwealth of Massachusetts,
Executive Department,

Boston, June 23rd, 1898.

This is the pen with which I signed the bill granting seven dollars a month state
pay to Massachusetts soldiers and sailors in the service of the United States, and I
have presented it to Representative Albert Clarke, who introduced that feature of the
bill, and who, as chairman of the committee of ways and means, had charge of the
measure in the house.

(Signed) ROGER WOLCOTT,

Oovrrnor.

Clarke naturally took pride in having induced Massachusetts to adopt a policy
which worked so well in Vermont during the civil war. He was author of other im-
portant laws, among them the one which put a stop to prize fighting under the dis-
guise of boxing matches. In 1898 and again in 1902 he was a candidate for the Republi-
can nomination for congress in the Fourth Massachusetts district. The first year his
leading opponent won on the fifth ballot by one majority in the convention and the
next time another man won on the third ballot by two majority, in both cases methods
having been employed to which he would not stoop. In 1899 President McKinley
telegraphed him, asking him to accept an appointment on the Industrial Commission,
to fill a vacancy. It was nothing that he had sought or thought of, but with the
understanding that it would not necessitate his resignation from the Home Market
Club, he accepted and served to the end. The commission was composed of five U. S.
Senators, five Representatives and nine men from private life, appointed by the Pres-
ident and confirmed by the Senate. Among them were two former members of con-
gress and General Harris, the present governor of Ohio. Clarke, by reason of Joining
after all committees had been appointed, had to take places at the foot of such as he
was assigned to. Before long it was discovered that he could examine witnesses and
when sub-commissions went to Philadelphia, Chicago, Boston, Providence and New
York to take testimony, he was chosen to preside. On the death in 1902 of Senator
Kyle of South Dakota, who was chairman of the commission, Clarke was unanimously
chosen his successor. The commission was created to investigate all the great in-
dustries— agriculture, manufactures, mining, transportation, telegraphy, the trust prob-
lem, immigration and irrigation, with power to recommend legislation to congress and
the states. It examined more than 700 witnesses, most of them leaders and experts in
industry, finance and labor, and its reports filled 19 volumes, aggregating more than
17,000 pages. Its term expired in February 1903 and ever since then the principal
topics considered by congress have been those investigated by the commission. Profes-
sor Alfred Marshall of Cambridge University, England, spoke of its reports as "the
best prepared and most instructive ever issued by any similar body."

In 1897 Clarke was Judge-Advocate General of the Grand Army of the Republic,
which was another honor that he did not seek. Several difficult cases, involving points
of law, drew from him written opinions, of which a committee of lawyers, each of
whom had formerly held the office, reported as follows at the National Encampment;

"The committee, having carefully considered the work of the Judge-Advocate General,
report that the opinions, some of which are elaborate and long, requiring very con-
siderable labor and research, evidence unusual care and scholarly ability in their prep-
aration and form a valuable addition to our Grand Army opinions. We recommend
the adoption of the following resolution:

Resolved. That the Encampment hereby extends to Judge-Advocate General Clarke
its thanks for his able, earnest and conscientious performance of the duties imposed
upon him."

Many other honors came to him from time to time, among which were his election
seven years in succession as president of the Wellesley Club, and his election as dele-
gate to the Republican National Convention in 1892. In 1905 he was president of the
Vermont Association of Boston, of the Vermont Officers' Reunion Society and of the
Thirteenth Regiment Association in Vermont, of the National Staff Association in
Massachusetts, and was first vice-president of the Society of the Army of the Potomac.
At this writing (1907) he is president of the company which owns the franchises for
an independent telephone system in Boston and seme other Massachusetts cities. He
is also president of the electric light company In the town where he was raised. The
writer knows it would be against his wish to have these positions mentioned, but they
are appropriate here as showing the esteem in which he is held by his association in
various relations.

He has published no books but his writings published in newspapers and magazines
and official reports would aggregate many volumes it brought together. His earliest
speech to attract considerable attention was delivered in the Vermont Senate in 1874
against the free pass abuse and in favor of the right of the state to supervise railroads,
thus showing that he grappled a present problem more than thirty years ago. The

59f) The Thirteenth Regiment J'erutont Volunteers

next year he delivered an address before the Xational Prison Association in Steiuway
Hall, New York, against capital punishment, which was published in their annual
volume and has been quoted from many times since in various state legislatures. In
1896 he was invited, (perhaps challenged would be a more appropriate word), to
address the New England Free Trade League, and he accepted and gave them a speech
on "the Failures of Free Trade" which was published in the newspapers and has been
extensively circulated in pamphlet form. A tew years later he had a debate with
Edward Atkinson, who was perhaps the ablest free trader in America, before the
Twentieth Centuiy Club, and the next year he had a debate with Professor Charles J.
Bullock of Harvard University before the Boston Reform Club. His audiences on these
occasions were generally not in sympathy with his views but they treated him with
distinguished consideration. In 1903 he addressed the American Academy of Science,
(composed chiefly of college professors) at Philadelphia, on Reciprocity, and was opposed
by Hon. John A. Kasson and Mr, A. B. Farquhar. That year and the next he spoke on
the same subject before the Massachusetts and the Maine state boards of trade. One
of his most noteworthy addresses was on the same subject before the Economic Club
of Boston, in November, 1905, in debate with Hon. Henry M. Whitney of Boston, the
other speakers being Governor Cummins of Iowa and Congressman McCleary ot Min-
nesota. Pamphlet reports of this debate are still circulated. In December 1906 he
addressed the American Economic Association, (chiefly composed of university men
in all parts of the country), at their annual meeting in Providence, on the subject of
Trusts and the Tariff, and his address was published in their transactions and other-
wise extensively noticed. His Memorial Day addresses have been many and for such
occasions he has often been engaged from one to three years in advance. His writings
and speeches have a directness, condensation and finish which make them instructive
as well as interesting and his delivery is lucid, animated and impressive.

(The foregoing had been prepared by Comrade Scott, when he was suddenly taken
away. Previously the late Captain Stephen F, Brown had volunteered to write the
sketch of Colonel Clarke, but had died before completing it. It remains for the
historian to add a few particulars from the remaining data which they had gathered.
R. O. S.)

In 1890 Clarke was president of the Vermont Veterans' Association of Boston and
he made a speech on Boston Common, welcoming the Old Vermont Brigade to the
National Encampment which was held there that year, and introducing them to Mayor
Hart, who extended a welcome in behalf of the city. The next morning Senator Dil-
lingham, after reading Clarke's speech in a Boston daily newspaper, said it was the
finest and most eloquent tribute he had ever seen paid to the Old Brigade. Clarke
has always been a great admirer of that famous organization and in 1906 he was
chiefly instrumental in getting Major General L. A, Grant to visit Veimont and in
arranging for him to come as the guest of the State and to receive the. thanks of the
General Assembly — an act for which General Grant expressed his great gratitude.

In 188.5, by invitation, Clarke addressed the General Assembly and secured an
appropriation for building a state house of correction. He and N. P. Simons of Rutland
and Wm. W. Grout of Barton were appointed commissioners to locate and build it,
which they did within the appropriation and received the thanks of the legislature.
In 1887-8-9 he was secretary of the state commission to build mcnuraents at Gettys-
burg. Governor Ormsbee was chairman, and the other commissioners were the most
prominent men of the different regiments. The work was admirably done and the
secretary and executive officer received their share of the credit.

As previously mentioned, on both his father's and mother's sides Clarke's ancestors
had served in the Revolution. As his great grandfather Clarke had died away from
home and his grave had been neglected, in 1904 this soldier descendant caused it to be
suitably marked by a stone in the style of one hundred years ago, and at the dedica-
tion there v/as a large gathering and some interesting exercises, an account of which
is published in the Genealogy of the family, found in many public libraries.

During the first decade of the married life of Colonel and Mrs. Clarke three children
were born to them — a son who died in infancy, a daughter who died at the age of ten
in St. Albans, and a daughter now living, who is the wife of Samuel Williams, Jr., a
grandson of Governor Charles K. Williams of Vermont, who was raised in Philadelphia
but is now in trade in Fitchburg, Mass. They have a little son, who has spoken for
his grandfather's sword. Mrs. Clarke's health has been declining for several years
and she and an older brother of Albert, who is a helpless invalid, have been objects
of his tender care, while public calls upon his time and strength have been increasing.
But he keeps young and optimistic and carries life and sunshine into every presence.
Since 1895 he has been trustee of a considerable estate, which has handsomely increased
In his hands. He has often expressed a desire to return to Vermont and the hope of
his many friends here is that he will come while yet alert and in touch and sympathy
with our affaiis and public life.

Biographical and Historical of Coiupanv G. 597

LIEUTENANT CHARLES W. RANDALL.

When the Colonel promoted his son, a stripling of only 16, to the second lieuten-
ancy of Company G there was some quiet grumbling, but the youth made a good
officer. When the company with four others was charging to recapture Wier's or
Trumbull's battery (am not positive which) on the second day of Gettysburg, he
rushed to Lieutenant Clark, in command, and said, "I want to go to the Colonel, he
is shot," and he was granted leave. In a moment he returned, almost breathless,
saying, "He's all right; it was his horse." He re-entered the service as Second
Lieutenant of Company C, 17th Vermont, but contracted small-pox, as he believed
from infected underwear which he purchased in Washington, and came so near dying
that his health was utterly broken and on the 9th of March, 1863, he was discharged
for disability. He opened a country store in East Montpelier, but in the course of a
year or two passed away.

JOHN H. DWYER.

I was born near Burlington, Vt., October 23rd, 1837, but was raised in Richford.
Franklin county, where I enlisted. I had no fighting ancestors that I know of — though I
have seen some of them mad enough to fight, so I conclude my patriotism was net in-
herited. Our company's letter was G, and we rendezvoused at Bakersfield for a short time
before going to Brattleboro where we were mustered into United States service. I value
my army experience very highly, though short. It enabled me to understand many things
about war and to realize what our martyred Lincoln meant when he said he had a big
job on his hands. Forty-four long years have slipped away since those days and many
of the comrades have answered to the last roll call, but the memory of those marches
and counter marches, the Sunday reviews, are all fresh in our memory and the big run-
away, when our Colonel slipped away from Colonel Blunt of the 12th Regiment and
we came back to our old camp onlj- to find it ruined. We were consoled by the thought
that it was all necessary to put down Rebellion.

After we left Brattleboro nothing of special note occurred while in transit to Wash-
ington. I recall the very cordial greeting we received at Philadelphia, Pa. It was
Sabbath afternoon when we reached the city and the crowd that greeted us was immense
the majority were of the fair sex. The train was delayed there for a time and the
boys passed the time by visiting with the girls and it is said that there were friend-
ships formed there that resulted in marriage. We arrived at Washington a tired lot
and I never enjoyed a better night's rest than that night with my knapsack for a pillow
and the soft floor of the depot for a bed. We finally settled at camp Vermont on the
Potomac River. While at this camp we visited Mount Vernon quite often. As I was
returning one day from one of these visits we called on a doctor's family there werei
two nice appearing young ladles at home. They said their father was in Capitol prison
because he would not take the oath of allegiance. Also they had tour brothers in the
Confederate army and they (though girls) wished they had five.

I contracted typhoid fever while at camp Vermont, which came near terminating
fatally — from which I did not fully recover until I reached home. I shall never forget
the kindness of Surgeon Nichols, also of our Lieutenant Clarke while on the Gettys-
burg march. I fell out one day and the Provost Guard picked me up and reported me to
Surgeon Nichols who came riding back and insisted that I ride his horse while he
walked, and Lieutenant Clarke would always have me ride his horse. The Major was
taking a fine horse through for Lieutenant Clarke — when the Major would send it
back for Lieutenant to ride. I was mustered out at Brattleboro, Vt., July 21st, 1863,
and the next year I was married and came to Iowa where I now live in the town of
Glenwood. I have four children living, two girls and two boys. One of the girls has
settled in AVashington. One of the boys is teaching in Robert College, Constantinople,
Turkey, and the other boy and girl are living at home with us. My wife's maiden name
was Amanda Grant; the children are Lotta B., Gertie E., lone E., and Oliver M. The
Lord has been very good to us.

P. S. — In reply to your letter I may say my occupation before and since the war
has been farming . As to civil office I have been very fortunate and have escaped
thus far, except some township office such as clerk. As to my religious life. I ex-
perienced a change of heart just before the war broke out and joined the Methodist
Episcopal Church and have been a member ever since. The Saviour is precious to me.
I find him to be a complete Saviour. John H. Dwyer.

In his very interesting and exhaustive sketch, to which I refer the reader, John
in his modesty failed to tell us that he was one of the most efficient orderly sergeants
of the regiment. The boys all loved him and were glad to serve under him. They
have the most pleasant memories of him. At roll call how he would rattle off the
names, often from memory, till many in the company could repeat them. He was
a hail fellow, pleasant, good ratured, honest as a deacon — ready for fun or a fight,
if the enemy were rebels. His many virtues as a soldier have evidently served him
well since the war.

59^ The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

GEORGE W. LADD,

the son of Avery S. Ladd and Sally Cole, was born In Johnson, Vt., 1836. He secured
a common school education. He enlisted in and for Enosburg, September 11th, 1862.
He was married September 20th, 1862 to Miss Jane Leach. The proximity of these two
dates is signitioant. His ijatriotism did not eclipse his love. His enlistment did not
deter his sweetheart from marrying him. I doubt not he made all the better soldier
by leaving a wife behind him. He was tall, slim, erect, active and every inch a soldier.
His standing among his Enosburg comrades is indicated by the fact that he was thus
chosen as Sergeant of Company G. He held that office during his term of service. He
performed Its duties efficiently and conscienciously. His pleasant address; his large
sympathies; his thoughtful kindness showed his fitness tor service among the sick,
and he was soon detailed as Sergeant in the ambulance corps. In a letter to the writer
he says: —

"In regard to my military life, what I did seems so small to me it is hardly worth
mentioning. I am conscious of doing all in my power to help my comrades and I
believe I saved some lives in so doing. My time was all spent in caring for the sick
and wounded night and day. Hence I became the bearer of the last parting words of
some dying comrade, to loved ones at home. This I was glad to do though not agree-
able to my sympathetic nature. I had a hard day's work on the day we started for
Gettysburg. I was sick all the time from that time till we reached Brattleboro, and
there I gave up. The last time I saw Sergeant Scott was at my bed-side with Dr.
Crandall."

To care for and nurse back to health and service the sick and wounded is as
patriotic a work as achievements upon the battlefield. Since the war Sergeant Ladd
has resided in Northfleld, Vt. There he has done his work and raised his family and
commanded the respect of his fellow citizens. He has three children, all married and
properous. Mamie E. Ladd (Parker), Wolcott, Vt.; Sarah E. Ladd (Stone), Williams-
town, Vt. ; and Joseph H. Ladd, Waverly, Mass. Sergeant Ladd rendered
service in the First Vermont Regiment of three months men. His experience then
made him a veteran and of real value in the 13th. While the company was at Enosburg
and Bakersfield he acted as drill-master and trained us in the mysteries of Hardee's
tactics. He had patience and forbearence when we blundered and mistook our left
foot for our right. He was a big hearted fellow and endeared himself to all his
comrades. After his service in the 13th he was too patriotic to stay at home, and for
a third time enlisted and served one year with the 7th Regiment in the army of observa-
tion at Brownville, Texas.

SERGEANT AND REVEREND GEORGE H. SCOTT.

BY COL. ALBERT CLARKE, BOSTOX

George Hale Scott was the son of Thomas Woodburn and Jerusha (Shattuck) Scott
of Bakersfield. He was the grandson of Robert and Hannah (Hazelton) Scott and
Oliver and Sally (Start) Shattuck. His grandparents were among the first settlers of
the town of Bakersfield.

The subject of our sketch was born In Bakersfield, April 23d, 1839. where he spent
his boyhood. His parents were ambitious for their boy and encouraged him to get an
education. His maternal uncle, Erastus Shattuck, while a member of Burlington College,
often made his home in the Scott family, when George was a mere boy, and by precept
and example inspired him with a desire to go to college.

His first school was held in the little log school house, soon superseded by the "little
red school house." He prepared for college in the academies of Bakersfield, The Fort
Edward Institute and East Hampton (Mass.) Academy.

How could he meet the expen.se of a college course? His father promised all the
help he could render — $200 a year he thought. But there were other children to educate,
and a farmer's income was small. So George refused all help and decided to pay hla
own way; determined to earn the money before spending it and dreading college debts.

When in his 17th year, he went to California, where he taught school for nearly
three years, spending his vacations farming or cooking to add to his income. He thus
acquired sufficient to meet his expenses in college with a handsome surplus to aid him
to pursue his professional studies.

On returning from California and completing his preparatory studies, he, with his
friend and cousin Fernando C. Willett, joined hands and hearts and entered the Troy
University, Troy, N. Y. Here they remained for two terms. Foreseeing the failure of
this Institution, they withdrew and entered Williams College, at Williamstown, Mass.,
in the class of '64.

In college began and grew that somewhat unique intimacy between these two
friends. They were room-mates and class-mates, as they were tent-mates and mess-
mates in the army. No brothers could be more loyal and loving. Their life-long

Biographical and Historical of Company G. 599

(ellowship V-new no .I'ealousy or misunderstanding. No quarrel ever separated them.
Their trust in each other was absolute. In a report by the Class Secretary, some years
after graduation, he said, in speaking of them, "Willett — I never thinic of him without
thinking of Scott, nor of Scott without thinking of Willett."

The subject of our sketch was a close student. What success he achieved was the
result of hard work. He ranked well in Scholarship, won the respect and affection of
both teachers and students, and graduated with honors. His college course was broken
in two by his service in the army. On account of absence for a year he dropped back
a class, and graduated in the class of '65, as did his friend Willett. In college he was
prominent as a writer and speaker. Some will remember a public debate he had with
his fellow-townsman Jackson Tupper. It took place in the town hall in Bakersfield,
during one of his college vacations, while the war was going on. Tupper was a pro-
slavery man and a Democrat, and had the reputation of being a "copperhead", and
prophesied the certain dissolution of the Union. The college boy was an abolitionist,
hated slavery and dared to challenge the doughty champion of the South to a public
discussion of the subject "Is Slavery a Divine institution?" The college boy had this
advantage; besides the justice of his cause he had a college library to aid him. No
vote was taken. No doubt the friends of each thought their favorite had the weight
of argument.

HIS MILITARY RECORD

He entered college before the war began and left it after its close. During the
spring vacation of his first college year, while in Bakersfield, he heard the news of the
fall of Sumter. The whole country was ablaze; Bakersfield was no exception. The
war had actually commenced. The citizens in goodly numbers gathered on the com-
mon. Somebody must make a speech. Scott was called upon and lifted Into a wagon
near by. No reporters were present, and the speech was lost to posterity. It appears
to have been the first gun of the campaign fired in Bakersfield.

The war was on. The three months' men were in the field, but other men must go.
The president called for two years' men. Bakersfield was enlisting its quota. The call
came to him and his friend with compelling force. They enlisted and joined a regiment
which rendezvoused at Burlington. After two weeks an order came from Washington
disbanding the two years' regiments and asking its members to re-enlist for three years.
This released all from their engagement, and it was optional with them to re-enlist or
not as they deemed best. Again George and his friend confronted the question of duty.
A three years' enlistment would break up their college course, and doubtless change their
plans In life. They could enlist later If the country needed them, so they resumed
their studies in college.

At the close of this second college year, Scott was again in Bakersfield with his
friend. The nation was in jeopardy. Lincoln issued a call for 300,000 nine months'
men. Enlistments were in the air. Bakersfield young men were responding, and Scott
and Willett enlisted. According to an agreement between the towns whose quota
made up what became Company G of the 13th Vermont, Bakersfield was entitled to
First Lieutenant and one sergeantcy. The Bakersfield quota nominated Williams
and Scott for these offices and they served as such during their term and was acting
First Sergeant at Gettysburg. While In camp he improved his leisure time in study
and mastered the art of shorthand.

He recalls some Incidents of the service. Just before we broke camp at Camp
Vermont to make that needless, all-night march In the rain and mud to Fairfax
Court House, he and his friend received a four feet square box of all sorts of goodies
from Bakersfield, with eatables enough to last them a month as a supplement to
army rations. They had hardly opened It when the order came to fall in. Light
marching order would permit but few extra rations, so the boys were told to help
themselves, and they did, pies, cakes, etc., were soon distributed. The return to
Camp Vermont was by freight train. The box cars were soon filled, but many — among
them George and Fernando had to ride on tops of cars, facing a driving snowstorm.
Arriving at Alexandria after dark, too late to get back to camp, they were left the
alternative to shiver beside a campfire through the wintry night or to sleep on the
floor of a hotel filled with soldiers. They chose the latter and escaped the pelting
of the storm. While at Camp Carusi, typhoid fever became epidemic and many suc-
cumbed to the disease. Scott came down with Intermittent fever, bordering on typhoid.
Deaths were so frequent In the hospital he declined to go there but engaged a rebel
family by the name of Davis to board and care for him. The mother and daughter
were not specially trained nurses but they were kind hearted and nursed our com-
rade as well as they knew how. They knew many remedies for rattlesnake bites,
but had to be taught how to prepare milk toast and eggs for sick people. The mother
boasted of sons in the rebel army and the daughters were greater adepts at snuff
dipping than the Yankee soldiers at pipe smoking. Will power, more than quinine,
helped George back to health. He vowed he would walk out daily during his sick-
ness. When too weak to walk without help he would throw his arm over the shoulder

Ooo The TJjiiicciith Regiment J'ennoiit Volunteers

of Fernando and by his help stagger across the piazza. This friend visited and cared
for him daily, and he owed much to this tender nursing. He recovered In time for
the seven days' march to Gettysburg.

While the regiment was doing guard duty along Wolf Run Shoals, George and
Fernando did a little scouting on their own hook. One day they passed a mile or
so beyond our lines, and being hungry, they called at the house of a widow and her
daughter, who had lost 30 slaves and whose home and estates near Fredericksburg
had been devasted. They needed Yankee money and gladly got supper for the boys.
They were ladies of culture, and George evidently had his double in the Southern
army, for these ladies believed him to be a rebel surgeon who had often visited them
a few months previous, while his regiment was encamped near by. They thought the
surgeon must be disguised as a spy within the Union lines. They were not convinced
of their mistake till these friends visited them again, as they did later.

Our term of service was drawing to a close with little prospect that we should
meet the enemy in battle for we had been within sound and a day's march of two
great battles without having been ordered in. Scott, wishing to see active service
before he left the army, sought a commission in a negro regiment — the Government
having just begun raising such. General Casey was chairman of a commission, sitting
in Washington, to examine candidates for commissions in such regiments. He told
Scott he would in due time cite him before the Commission, but before he did so we
were making our seven day's march with the army of the Potomac to Pennsylvania.
Two days before Gettysburg, while resting for an hour, Scott received a letter in an
official envelope. It contained an order and pass from General Casey authorizing him
to come at once to Washington and appear before the Commission. "When did you get
this?" asked Scott of Willett, who had handed him the letter. "Just as we were break-
ing camp to start on this march", was the reply. "Why did you keep it from me?"
"Because I had no idea of leaving you behind and taking this march without you."
So this joke of a friend perhaps changed the whole future of our comrade. With the
prospect of a great battle soon to occur, George stuck to his regiment and shared Its
fortunes at Gettysburg. He was actively engaged at two great crises of the battle —
on the second day when a part of the 13th re-took a battery and restored our lines, in
the rapid rush Scott was the first man to reach the guns. As the regiment pursued
the enemy towards the peach orchard, he passed over a wounded confederate who
was crying — "O, boys give me some water!" Unable to stop, Scott tossed him his
canteen and hastened on. Earlier in the day he had seen Captain Williams fall and
carried from the field.

On the third day of the battle Sergeant Scott did his share in the attack on Pickett's
flank, as appears by the following extract from the history of the Thirteenth Vermont
Regiment in Adjutant General Peck's "Revised Roster of Vermont Volunteers": During
the fornoon a volunteer detail of ten men from each company under Command of
Sergeant Scott of my company gathered some fence rails and placed them in line
about forty-five yards in front of our regiment. The object was not then apparent
but it became so later. Though there was a sharp fire of sharp shooters, the men
cheerfully volunteered for this work, all led bj' Sergeant Scott of Company G. When
Pickett's charge was well advanced. General Stannard ordered the 13th, which held
the right of his brigade, forward to the slight breastwork of rails. On arriving
Randall ordered them to halt, lie down and hold their fire. Soon the 13th received
the welcome order to fire. The men had a short range and steady aim and as the
smoke lifted it was seen that they had done awful execution."

It was awkward work to load lying down behind those rails, and soon most of the
line arose, without orders. Previous to this charge and during the artillery duel, while
the company were hugging the ground a storm of fragments of shell tell among our men
and wounded many. One struck the ground within arm's length of the sergeant's head,
plowing into the earth, but a boy's curiosity led him to dig it up with his bayonet. He
was one with others who fell asleep during the cannonade — the sleep of utter ex-
haustion.

After the rebel lines were broken. Sergeant Scott, seeing a rebel officer just over
a fence, demanded his sword. The officer tendered it. While the Sergeant was scaling
the fence to get it, a Second Lieutenant stepped in before him and secured the prize.

As the enemy began to give way. Sergeant Major Smith, whom we all loved, came
up to Sergeant Scott and clapping his hands exultantly said, "Scott, aren't we giving
them h — "? A moment later a cannon ball struck him, taking off his leg next his
body, instantly killing him. His remains rest in the battlefield cemetery at Gettys-
burg.

After Pickett's lines were broken, the confederate artillery reopened fire, endanger-
ing friend and foe. Both were anxious to get off the field. Hastily we gathered up
the prisoners and Companies G and I were delegated to take them to the rear. A
North Carolina confederate wounded in his leg and unable to walk without help,
begged Sergeant Scott to help him off the field. The Sergeant bade him throw his
arm about his neck and so helped him to a place of safety. The poor fellow in "cracker"

Biographical and Historical of Coinpan\ G. 6oi

dialect kept expressing his gratitude for tliis simple act. He said he would not believe
any longer that the Yankees were such a hard lot as he supposed. While locked in
each others arms, they passed near an artillery train. A solid shot struck one of the
horses in the breast killing him instantly, and he came near falling upon them. "Hurry
up", said the Sergeant, "that must have been meant tor us." Hastening en to over-
take his company, he passed an officer, finely dressed, leaning against a tree, with his
hat pulled over his face. Was he dead or asleep? The Sergeant lifted the hat, and
behold! — 0 horrid sight! — the head was gone — a headless trunk.

After returning from the prison camp to the line of battle, the Sergeant sought
shelter behind the now historic stonewall, as the enemy were still keeping up a desul-
tory fire. Locating the enemy's battery, he would watch the flash of the gun and then
dodge behind the wall till the ball passed over his head. During the 4th of July our
regiment remained upon the battlefield. A telegram came flashing over the wires
"Vlcksburg is taken." How we threw our hats in the air and cheered!

Though it rained hard, our Sergeant had thoughts of the wounded. He went out
upon the field, over which the battle had raged for three days and where bodies of
horses and men, swelled to twice their natural size, were festering in the sun. The
path of Pickett's first line of battle, as it marched by the left flank was marked by a
winrow of corpses. In places bodies were so thick that a man could step from one
to another. Most of the wounded had been taken off the field, but some supposed to
be dead, had reived and were in terrible need. One poor fellow said he had lain there
fearfully wounded, unable to move, for three days and within touch of a putrid body.
He begged of the Sergeant to drag away the body. This he did and ministered to the
wounded man and others as he was able. One poor confederate had evidently sought
the comforts of religion in the dying hour. His body lay upon its back, and on its
bi-east lay a New Testament, upon the fly leaf of which was written "from your sister."
Had name and place been given he would have written her words of comfort. He
made sure that an ambulance came down to collect the remaining wounded. Every
house and barn for miles around was converted into a hospital. He visited some of
them and saw the wounded lying so thick he had to step over their bodies to walk
among them. On the outside of these hospitals were usually rows of corpses of those
who had died the night before.

After the battle, Colonel Randall sent to Sergeant Scott a sword and requested that
he act as Second Lieutenant, which he did till the regiment was discharged. After
reaching Baltimore, Scott paced the depot platform for two hours to determine the
question of duty — whether to use his pass and go to Washington and secure a commis-
sion in a Negro regiment, or return to his home and his studies. Again he stayed
with his regiment and returned to Vermont. While at Bakersfleld, Colonel Randall
visited him and urged him to raise a company and command it in the 17th. He dje-
clined the offer and returned to college, where he graduated in 1865.

After the war he made the battle of Gettysburg a careful study, making prominent
the part the Vermont troops took in that action. He corresponded with many prominent
Generals, and secured their opinion of the gallantry of the Green Mountain boys. The
result of his study was a lecture on Gettysburg, which he has delivered scores of times.
At the meeting of the 13th Regimental Association, at Essex Junction, he by invita-
tion delivered this lecture.

While in college he partly prepared himself by extra study for admission to the
Bar. After an additional study of a year in Bakersfield, in the office of Judge Wilson,
he was admitted to the Franklin County Bar at St. Albans in 1866. He opened an
office the same year in Vergennes and won a good practice. He was much sought to
prosecute claims of soldiers and their widows and children for bounties and pensions,
and was uniformly successful.

He practiced law for four years. Meantime he married Miss Celia Goodspeed of
Charlestown, Mass., October 28rd, 1867. She died February 6th, 1870, at the birth of
her child. 'This child, George Celian Scott, who is his only child, married Miss Susan
B. Jacox. They have two daughters, Ruth Marian and Celia Katherine. The death
of his wife re-awakened in Mr. Scott a desire to preach the Gospel. Though he had a
lucrative practice, he left it to enter the ministry. After three years' study at Andover
Theological Seminary, he received a call to the Congregational church in Plymouth,
N. H., one of the largest churches of the State, and was ordained over that church,
September 3rd, 1873.

During his ministry of eight years in Plymouth, he gathered in 124 members,
greatly strengthening the church. While there he again married, June 1st, 1874.,
Mrs. Lydia (Tucker) Cutler. After closing his first pastorate, he took a year of
extra study in Andover. While in Andover he was called to the pastorate of Plymouth
Congregational Church in the city of Lawrence, Kan., the oldest and at that time the
largest congregational church in the State. Here he remained for two years. Re-
turning east, he became acting pastor of the church at Rockland, Me., for one year,
after which he was installed pastor of first church, Ipswich, Mass. Here he remained
for six years, till 1892. In 1893 he began labors in Atkinson, N. H., where he remained
as long as he lived, enjoying a long and happy pastorate.

fio2 The Thirteenth Regiment I'erinont Volunteers

His denomination honored him frequently. While in Plymouth he served on the
executive committee of the New Hampshire Home Missionary Society and was Moderator
of the State Association. The Kansas State Association sent him as delegate to the
Triennial National Council at Concord, N. H. He was elected by his New Hampshire
conference to represent them in the same Triennial Council in Portland, Oregon. While
in Plymouth, N. H., he was superintendent of schools. In Atkinson he worked hard
for and secured the establishment of a free town library. While in Plymouth, N. H.,
his health failing, his church gave him four months' vacation and continued his
salary. He improved the opportunity and took a trip abroad, visiting most of the
countries of Europe. He attended the Grand Encampment of the G. A. R. in San
Francisco, Cal., in 1903, and visited the Yosemite Valley and the Yellowstone Park.
He delivered before his people many lectures on his travels.

He attended the regimental reunion in 1906 and greatly enjoyed It. He looked
younger than most of his comrades and gave promise of many years of usefulness,
but on Sunday, March 10, 1907, he was stricken in church with apoplexy. He lingered
unconscious until Tuesday, the 12th and peacefully passed away with the setting sun.

Thus it has been shown how "the boy is father to the man." The ambitious and
diligent student, the moral and upright youth, logically became the brave soldier, the
devoted minister of the Gospel and the worthy citizen. Although he had long resided
outside of Vermont, he was extensively known in his native state and was universally
admired and respected.

The following account of his death appeared in the Exeter, (N. H.) News Letter
of March 15th, 1907, under the head of Atkinson news:

At the olcse of a veiy impressive sermon on old age suggested by the death of Mr.
Thomas Little, the oldest member of the church, the pastor, Rev. G. H. Scott. leaned
upon the Bible in his usual attitude for the closing prayer, but no word was spoken;
friends rushed to his side and the stricken man was tenderly carried to his home. He
scon became unconscious and passed away with the setting sun of Tuesday. His last
sentence was "Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord." And now the hush of sorrow
broods over the town, for every one has lost a friend.

The following account of the funeral and remarks upon his life, appeared in the
same newspaper, Jlarch 22:

In accordance with the wish of the family, the funeral service of Rev. G. H. Scott
was of the utmost simplicity. It was conducted by the Rev. G. H. Hubbard, assisted
by Rev. Joseph Kimball. The attendance was very large, and an unusual number of
ministers were present from the Rockingham conference, and from the Essex North
association, of which Mr. Scott had long been a member. His former church at Ipswich,
Mass., was represented by pastor and deacon. The flowers were very beautiful and
many of them.

At the Sunday morning service a letter to the church from Rev. H. A. Merrill was
read, expressing sympathy for the people, and an appreciation of the work and worth
of our late pastor. In the evening a sketch of Mr. Scott's lite, written by his friend
and comrade in the Civil War, Colonel Albert Clarke, was read; this paper dealt with
his life in the army.

Mr. Scott was not only a soldier but a very successful lawyer before he responded
to the call to be a minister, so that he brought discipline, breadth of culture, and a
knowledge of men to the profession which was really the choice of his heart.

A college classmate writes: "A man of fine spirit and fine mind, adoring his high
calling, and honored of his divine Master in the blessing which has attended his
ministry. And his was an ideal translation voicing the gospel of the Savior he so
devoutly served, and then called to his great reward."

Another, a ministerial neighbor, says, "He had all the good qualities of the best
ministers."

Mr. Scott had the advantages of travel at home and abroad, of a wealth of books
which he so devotedly loved, of a sense of humor which sometimes makes hard things
easier to bear, of a ready wit, and a dramatic power as a story teller which made him
a desired acquisition at any social function.

In common with many men of literary habits Mr. Scott was very fond of his
garden: early morning found him there at work, and twilight found him watering his
shrubs and flowers. The parsonage grounds were his care before he was settled in the
new home and trees and vines set out at once.

As a pastor Mr. Scott was fond of young people and children; he was "comfort-
ing to old people," very attentive to the sick, and to those who suffered and sorrowed
he brought from his own rich experience and sympathy, a moral support, as well as
the ministrations of a pastor. All this he has been to Atkinson for 14 years!

Mr. Scott held the church in "a fine spirit of respect and love," and was so identi-
fied in every way with the town that it was "home." and here he planned to spend
whatever time of waiting there might be. So it is fitting that he rests in the cemetery

Biographical and Historical of Conipanx G. 603

here with other pastors who have given themselves to the church and the town: Rev.
Stephen Peabody, the first minister; Rev. Mr. Pierce, who fell almost before the race
began; Rev. S. H. Tolman, twice a resident, and Rev. Jesse Page, "who filled a large
space in the history of his native town."

Numerous instances have been recorded in American history of the bravery dis-
played by the troops on both sides during the civil war, and many stories have been
related of the personal valor of soldiers in the important engagements between the
forces of the north and. south.

These stories have been told by the veterans of 1861-5 in their reminiscent talks,
and it has been due to the latter that many soldiers of the rebellion have been awarded
medals of honor for their conspicuous bravery.

With the excitement attending engagements on the battlefield the gallantry of
many soldiers is often overlooked, and it is only in after years that the feats performed
which played an important part in deciding conflicts between warring forces are re-
called. This is true in the case of Rev. George H. Scott of Atkinson, N. H., who twice
figured prominently during the battle of Gettysburg.

It is seldom that such bravery as his has been shown in the face of an enemy on
the battlefield, and the members of the old 13th Vermont Regiment believe that he is
justly entitled to recognition from the government for the valor he displayed in one
of the greatest battles of the civil war and which until now has escaped the historian,
having been recalled by his company commander. Colonel Albert A. Clarke, secretary
of the Home Market Club of Boston.

Often since the civil war. Rev. Mr. Scott has delivered lectures upon the battle of
Gettysburg, but never has he referred to the prominent part which he took. When
he was questioned regarding the Incidents in which he figured during the repulse of
General Lee's invasion of the north by the union soldiers at Gettysburg, he was loath
to talk and it was only after he was assured that his bravery had become known after
41 years that he consented.

"My part in the Civil War," said he, "was a very humble one. I was a schoolboy at
Williams college when the war broke out. I remained impatiently at my books until
1862. I had previously spent two years in California teaching school to earn money
to defray my college expenses. My father was a Vermont farmer with six children to
support and educate. He was unable to assist me, and so I was forced to work my own
way when I decided to go through college.

"I therefore shrank when the civil war broke out from sacrificing my ambition
for an education, but when the call came from my native state (I was a native of
Bakersfield, Vt. ), for a brigade of nine months' volunteers, which was formed into the
2nd Vermont Brigade, I and many other schoolboys saw an opportunity of serving our
country, and, if spared, to return and complete our college course.

"That call swept many young men from Williams and other colleges into the ranks,
some of whom, and I was one of them, lived to return and complete our education by
dropping back a year.

"During my summer vacation in 1862 I decided to enlist, assisting in raising ai
company from the quota of five towns, including my native place. This company be-
came Company G, of the 13th Vermont Regiment, Colonel Randall commanding. Our
services during the fall, winter and spring were with the department of Washington,
and we only saw actual fighting at Gettysburg.

"As our regiment was in at the two great crises of the battle of Gettysburg andl
helped to turn the tide in our favor we were naturally proud of it. Two or three days
before the battle I received from Washington a pass authorizing me to appear at once
before the Casey commission as a candidate for a commission in a colored regiment
which they were organizing at that time.

"Knowing that a great battle was impending at Gettysburg, I refused to leave my
regiment until the conflict came. After a forced march of six days we reached the
battlefield and joined the 1st corjjs. After the defeat of the first day at Gettysburg,
during which our corps commander, General Reynolds, was killed and our forces driven
from Seminary Ridge and the town, we took up a position on Cemetery Hill.

"On the morning of the 2nd there was brisk skirmishing. But each side was de-
laying the decisive battle, waiting for its forces to gather and scheming for favorable
positions. General Sickles had thrown forward his lines a half-mile in front of our
main position.

"When the battle began it raged with great fury. The shot and shell fell among
us and Captain Williams fell mortally wounded. Lieutenant Albert Clarke, now secre-
tary of the Home Market Club of Boston, succeeded to the command led his company
most gallantly during the remainder of the battle.

"Longstreet, with the flower of the rebel army, attacked Sickles, and after a stub-
born resistance Sickles gave way. Many left the northern ranks and went fleeing pell-
mell to the rear. Artillerymen cut loose their horses, abandoned their guns and were
flying to escape capture. General Wright had thrown a brigade upon our main line
and broken it. The rebel had seized a battery and were dragging It from the field.

C)04 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

"To us in reserve it seemed our retreat had already begun, and if the disaster was
not at once retrieved the retreat might be converted into a rout. Hancock called upon
Doubleday for reinforcements. Doubleday rode toward our regiment and meeting
Colonel Randall he said:

" 'Colonel, where is your regiment,'

" 'Near at hand, sir,' was the reply.

" 'Can your regiment fight?' said Doubleday.

" 'Yes,' replied Colonel Randall, 'I personally have been in most of the battles of
the army of the Potomac. My regiment has seen little fighting, but I have the utmost
confidence in them.'

" 'Then go in,' replied Doubleday, but first introduce me to your regiment.'

"They both rode down to where we were impatiently waiting our summons to
action. Said Colonel Randall: 'Boys, this is General Doubleday, our corps commander.'

" 'Men of Vermont,' said the general, 'you are about to be led into battle. YoU
will have hard fighting, and much will be expected of you. To-day is to decide whether
Abraham Lincoln or Jefferson Davis shall rule this country. The praises of the old
Vermont brigade -are upon every tongue. You will sustain the honor of your native
state.'

"Our colonel longed for the fray. He at once commanded 'attention, by the right
flank, march.' As we were marching up the incline under fire, our colonel's horse was
shot from under him and fell. His foot was caught under the horse. The regiment
faltered.

■' 'Go on, boys; go on,' shouted the colonel. 'I'll be at your head as soon as I get
out of this d — d saddle.'

"In a moment he was up on his feet, running, with a limp, around his regiment to
the front. Swinging his sword in the air, he cried, 'Come on, boys. I'm all right.'

"We were thrown into the breach, deployed in line of battle, and fired into the
enemy 10 or 12 rounds, and were then ordered to charge. The confederates were sur-
rounding our guns and dragging them from the field.

"Alter advancing to, say, within 10 rods of the guns, we halted. Volunteers were
called for to retake the guns. This incident I remember with most vivid satisfaction.
I sprang forward and called tor ethers to follow me. Perhaps because I could run faster
than those who followed me, I was more than a rod in advance. Then, only, I feU
that rebel muskets were aimed at me and that I should fall before I reached the guns.

"I reached the first gun. Others followed and we dragged it to the rear. The
artillerymen came back with their horses and thanked us for the recapture of their
guns. The enemy did not await us. They abandoned the guns and retired.

"Colonel Randall then did a little fighting on his own hook without orders. He
continued the pursviit of the enemy over the field from which Sickles was driven, and
surrounded a house filled with rebels and captured 83 of them. After the capture we
retired half way across the field over whic'n we had advanced and he ordered a halt.

"An aide to General Stannard rode down to see what we were up to. Our colonel
was not the most modest man in the world, and, as the aide approached, said: 'Captain,
report to the general what we have done. We have recaptured four guns, taken two
from the enemy, driven them a half mile and captured 200 prisonS^rs. Tell him we
propose resting upon our arms until he acknowledges our achievements.'

"Back rode the aide . Our tfolonel soon discovered a movement on the part of the
enemy to flank and capture us. and, preferring to lose his lauiels to imprisonment in
Libby prison, he led us back to our main lines. As we approached our troops, the
soldiers who had witnessed our achievementt gave us cheer after cheer for the gallant
nine months' boys in their first engagement.

"In the meantime Wright's brigade was driven out of our lines and our lines
restored. This closed the battle for the day on our front. During the night our regi-
ment occupied the first line of battle on our left centre. This was fronting an open
field, as our lines extended along a low ridge between Little Round Top and Cemetery
Hill. It was the weakest part of our line.

"The second day at Gettysburg was a drawn battle. Neither army had wholly
succeeded or wholly failed. True, Sickles had been driven back with frightful loss.
Johnson had penetrated our lines on the right, but the Round Tops had been saved
and our main lines held intact.

"On the third day occurred the supreme effort of the rebellion — the greatest artillery
duel of the war — and by many believed to be the greatest charge, Pickett's famous
charge on our left center.

"Lee determined to make one more desperate attempt to break through our lines.
Longstreet spent the forenoon making his combinations and selecting his troops. In
the meantime there was heavy skirmishing, as sharp shooters behind trees and rocks
were picking off our men. We were lying prostrate behind a low ridge and some of us
behind a stone wall.

'Over the ridge and in front of the enemy was a rail fence. We were expecting
an attack upon this point. That rail fence could be utilized. Let the rails be taken
down, piled up in line, say two feet high, and they would serve as a breastwork. Our

BicHjrciphical and Historical of Company G. 605

troops could advance and get nearer the enemy by lying down behind this breastwork
and await the charge which we felt sure would come.

"Acting Captain Clarke of Company G called tor 10 volunteers. It was dangerous
work to go out in the open and become targets for invisible skilled riflemen concealed
behind rocks, hillocks, and trees, whose delight it was to practice their skill upon
Yankees. There was not much glory in tearing down a rail fence, carrying the rails
upon your shoulders quite a distance and making a breastwork, but danger and wounds
and death are a part of a soldier's experience, and duty is as imperative before thq
call of arms as in the midst of it.

"No one evaded the job. As sergeant under Clarke, I felt it my duty to respond
to his call and stepped forward and called for others to follow me. A sufficient number
responded to do the work. If bullets whizzed by us we could not see them, and they
did not hit us. In that service there was no laggard.

"It was no effort to work fast, and the rails were soon In place, and right glad
were we to get back behind the ridge and the stone wall.

"After the cannonade of three-quarters of an hour from 2.50 guns, the rebel fire
ceased. It is more terrible and involves greater strain to lie still and endure without
resistance the horrors of a cannonade than to rush forward in a deadly charge or to
storm a breach. After the cannonade a general rode along the line and said, 'The
rebels are forming for a charge. Prepare to meet them.'

"Soon Pickett's first line of battle emerged from the woods. They had to pass over
an open field within cannon and musket shot of our lines. Could they endure it? Soon
a second line appeared, and then a third — 17,000 men, with heavy support, an entire
flank, was marching over the fateful field.

"Our artillery again opened fire. Howard was ubiquitous, going from battery to
battery, his command being: 'Give them cannister. Pour it into them.'

"The utility of our rail breastworks now appeared. The Vermonters passed over
the ridge and laid down behind it and watched the oncoming host. Soon thej- were
within reach of our muskets. We loaded and fired for a time, keeping behind the
rails, but in 10 minutes every man, without orders, was standing erect and loading and
firing at will. Cannon and musket did fearful execution. Sharp shooters were directed
to pick oft the officers, and before they reached our line every officer was unhorsed.
Great gaps were made in the advancing line.

"We could see men drop faster than we could count them. They closed up the
gaps and pressed forward — valiant men. Had not a stronger sentiment possessed us,
we could have thrown our hats in tne air and given tnem three times three for their
valor.

"They reached our lines, and General Barksdale had his hand upon one of our
guns when he was shot down. Men clubbed their muskets, officers exchanged pistol
shots.

"Meanwhile the right flank of Pickett's column was exposed. The Vermonters
charged front on the first company and attacked the enemy on flank and rear. Mortal
men could not endure such fire longer. They threw down their arms — what were left
of them — and surrendered. Companies G and I conducted some 100 of them to the
prisoners' camp in the rear.

"This was the high water mark of the rebellion. This supreme effort had failed.
The victory was ours and that was all. Our loss was estimated at 20,000, while the
enemy's was believed to be 30,000."

Ten days after the battle Rev. Mr. Scott returned to Vermont, his term of enlist-
ment having expired, and with others he resumed his course of studies at Williams
college, where he graduated and began the study of law. He practiced law in Ven-
gennes for four years and on the death of his wife felt impelled to change his
profession for the ministry. He entered the theological seminary at Andover, and
after being ordained, accepted a pastorate at Plymouth, N. H.

After returning to Andover for another year's study he went to Lawrence, Kan.,
where he became pastor of the Plymouth Congregational Church. Later, on returning
east, he assumed the pastorate of a church at Ipswich, Mass., and when his health
became impaired he accepted the pastorate of the Congregational church at Atkinson,
N. H., where he has been for the past 10 years.

During the interview Rev. Mr. Scott said that he preferred fighting sin as his
chosen profession to fighting his countrymen in a civil war. He has always been an
ardent advocate of arbitration, both in civil and industrial warfare, and he hopes that
the day will soon come when bloodshed will be averted.

ALBERT T, KINGSLEY

was born in the town of Montgomery, Vermont. His early opportunities for an
education were limited to the common schools of the town and his associations were
with the lumbermen and their families from early youth to manhood. As a boy he
was active, vivacious, with a happy disposition and well liked by all and on arriving
to the age of 21 stood well and was quite a favorite among the young people of his

6o6 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

acquaintance. He bore a good character and stood high among the citizens of
Montgomery. He was among the first to volunteer in the town of Montgomery
under President Lincoln's call tor 300,000 men to serve nine months. On the organiza-
tion of Company G, 13th Regiment, Vermont Volunteers he was the choice of the
Montgomery boys and was appointed as 3rd sergeant which position he filled and
held during the term of his service. He was a good soldier, always on hand, and
performed his duties faithfully and well. He was a favorte in his company because
of his unusual kindness and happy disposition; no comrade was refused a favor
when in his power to grant it. If any of his associate sergeants were sick or
indisposed he was on hand to take their places and when on the picket line as
sergeant of the guard if some comrade was a little timid or not feeling well he
would take his gun and do his duty and it did not matter whether he belonged to
his company or some one of the other companies. He was a vigorous, strong
young man and well adapted to the strenuous life of a soldier. Not one in the
regiment more prompt and did more and better duty from beginning to the end than
Sergeant Kingsley. In camp and on the march he was full of fun and made every one
around him laugh at his stories learned among the quaint lumbermen of his town.
In battle he was calm, cool and brave and appeared to realize the importance of
manifesting courage and determination. The arena of the battlefield was the place
that he expected to occupy when he volunteered. Since the war he has most of the
time resided in Montgomery and principally engaged in the lumber business. He has
ever maintained a good character and still is a well known and substantial citizen.
He resides in Montgomery, Vermont.

CORPORAL ORVILLE SMITH.

For our very interesting sketch of the "little corporal" we are indebted to
Mrs. Albert B. Crofts of Berkshire, Vt., his sister.

She has left to his comrades to sketch his army life. Though a lad in years, he
was a man in all the qualities which go to make up a good soldier. No mistake
was made when he was appointed corporal. No corporal surpassed him in the
faithfulness and efficiency with which he performed the duties of his office. He was
I'oi 'puffed up by a little brief authority," assumed no superiority over his fellows, but
was a general "hail fellow well met" among them. The hardship of army life
neither depressed nor soured him. He was the soul of good fellowship, genial,
social, moral and Christian. His comrades respected and loved him. At Gettysburg
he acquitted himself with honor and contributed his full share toward the great
victory. The excellences of his army life followed him through life and helped
him to achieve the marked success he won in the West and the honors which his
fellow citizens conferred upon him,

Orville Smith was born in Berkshire, Franklin County, Vt., August 9th, 1844. His
parents were Homer M. and Charlotte (Hull) Smith. At the time of his birth and
for some years after his father was a farmer but in ISGl he sold his farm, moved to
West Enosburg and engaged in mercantile business, having a small country store,
also buying butter. At the age of eighteen, in the tall of 1862, Orville volunteered
after some delay, obtained his father's consent and was mustered in. When not awaj'
from home at school he worked in his father's store. After his return from the
army he worked in his father's store or on a farm until March, 1866, when hei
went West and became a surveyor in Minnesota, Kansas, Nebraska, Indian Territory
and Utah. In the winter of 1875 and 1876 he was snowed in with his party In the
mountains of Utah. They were obliged to kill and eat one of their ponys and that
meat with bark and buds was their food until they reached an Indian encampment.
They were obliged to leave a valuable compass behind them such was the depth of
the snow. He was twice married, first at the age of twenty, December 25th, 1864,
to Miss S. Abbie Maynard, who died in November, 1865, leaving a little daughter
two weeks old. He was married again in the summer of 1876 to Miss Mary Hawks
of Kansas who died July 23, 1891, leaving two children who live at or near Caldwell,
Kansas, and are Mrs. June (Smith) Jones and Homer M. Smith. They are farming.
After his second marriage Orville Smith lived on his farm near Caldwell, Kan.,
with the exception of a few short surveys, until about 1883 or 1884, when he bought a
place in the city of Wellington, Kan. He filled the office of county surveyor
of Sumner county for several terms, also that of city engineer of Wellington, Kan.,
and died at his home in Wellington March 2nd, 1899, of Bright's disease. He was
a very enthusiastic Mason of the 32nd degree and his funeral was under the auspices
of the Masonic fraternity. He was a member of the G. A. R. He is survived by
one brother, Henry F. Smith of Wellington, Kan., two sisters, Mrs. A. B. Croft of
Berkshire, Vt., and Mrs. Corliss S. Perley of East Berkshire, Vt., also by his three
children. The elder Mrs. Charles P. Smith of Enosburg, Vt., who has three children,
and the daughter in Kansas has one. He was about five feet ten inches In height,
weighed about 140 pounds at the time of his army experience and was quite stout
later on, had blue eyes, light complexion, brown hair and dark full beard. I should

Biographical and Historical of Company G. 607

have said he went from that snowstorm experience in Utah to Washington and
worked in an office doing that part of a surveyor's worlt which is done on paper,
and doing it unusually well as he was quite proficient with a pen. He was a royal
good fellow, especially in the home. At the time he enlisted he was a member of
the Baptist church in East Enosburg, having been converted some time before. He
was with his regiment and actively engaged in the battle of Gettysburg but was not
wounded. He never asked for nor in any way tried to get a pension.

Mrs. Albert B. Croft,

Berkshire, Vt.
JOHN J. HILL,

son of .loseph and Mary Hill, was born in Cromwell, Vt., .January ]6th, 1826. He
was married to Susan M. Hayden May 27, 1849. Two children were born to them;
Arthur J., now residing in Massachusetts, and Clarence H., now dead. When the
call came for nine months' men he enlisted in Bakersfield September 11th, 1862. He
served his term and returned to Bakersfield and resumed farming. His wife, Susan,
died soon after his return from the war. His second marriage occurred December
24th, 1864. He married Mrs. Sarah E. (Williams) Reed, a sister of Captain Williams
of Company G. Two children were born to them; George W., now residing in Wilder,
Vt., and Clara E., wife of George H. Boutwell, now residing in Bakersfield. His
service in the army impaired his health. But he had a farm to subdue and pay for,
was ambitious, and overworked. This continued for a few years till the breakdown
came and he became a chronic invalid. He grew worse till his limbs began to fail
him, and he required an attendant. The government increased his pension as his
disability increased and gave him adequate support. His wife gave him the devotion of
nti heart. But, alas, this wifely care was taken from him. She died March 14th. 1899.
After a few years of decrepit old age, cared for by his daughter, Clara, he rested at
last in the fellowship, we trust, of the loved ones gone before. Mr. and Mrs. Hill were
members of the Methodist Episcopal church. As a soldier he held the office of cor-
portal and took great pride in it He was efficient and faithful in every duty, in action
he was cool and brave. As a citizen he was upright and worthy, a veteran soldier who
did credit to his comrades. After a long and painful illness he died June 21st, 1905.

JOEL W. BLISS.

Joel was the only son of Bradley Bliss of Enosburg and enlisted for that town
with the nine months' men. He was one of the goodly number of Company G, who
gave their lives for their country. Death upon the battlefield was not for him. He
was a victim of the deadly typhoid which claimed so many soldiers in the 13th.
He yielded up his life in the hospital of our regiment January 8th, 1863. I knew him
well and am pleased to pay a passing tribute to his memory. He was a pupil of
mine when I taught in the district in which he lived. I boarded in his home and
came to know and respect and love his parents. Joel was fortunate in his parentage
and in the home in which he was reared to manhood. His sterling qualities of
character were partly an inheritance and partly the result of right training. In
school he won the love of his teacher and the respect of all. He never gave me
trouble or anxiety; he was gentle in spirit, retiring in manner and diligent in study.
He seemed ambitious to live up to the best he knew. He was singularly free from
those habits which so often mar the characters of the young. School closed — years
passed. I met him next as a soldier in Company G. He, too, had heard his country's
call and responded, "Here am I, send me." "The boy was father to the man." He
still retained those qualities of character which made his boyhood beautiful. The
company was but the larger school. He stood high among his comrades. He was a
ready student and soon mastered the army tactics. Out of the large quota furnished
by any of the towns composed of worthy and intelligent men he was chosen as
corporal by their nomination. He held this office and discharged its duties faithfully
until he died. When on guard or on other duty the boys liked to have him their
corporal, he was so good natured, so kind and just and knew his duty so well. He
was generous and sympathetic and was quick to help a needy or sick brother. In
bi.~ last sickness he had this good fortune — while in the hospital he was tenderly
cared for by his own cousin, Albert Wells, who was detailed for that purpose, was
present to comfort him in his last hours. His father, hearing of his sickness,
hastened South and was soon by his bedside. Thinking he would recover sooner at
home than in a hospital he hastened to Washington to get his discharge, if possible.
In his absence his nurse. Comrade Wells, saw that he was falling. On the father's
return he said to him, "I think you had better stay with Joel for he will soon obtain
his discharge." In a very few days "the discharge" came. It became the sad duty of
the grief stricken father to take to his home in Enosburg the lifeless body of his
only son. Company G was not yet Inured to such experiences as this. The death
of our beloved corporal cast a shadow upon all his comrades.

6o8 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

CORPORAL JOSEPH W. HITCHCOCK.

I am embarrassed In attempting to write of myself. The task seems more
fitting tor another. There is no lacl? of incident, although much is of minor im-
portance. Some of the details are given by special request. I was born in Bakers-
field, Vt., July 23rd, 1841, and named Joseph Williams Hitchcock, after my uncle,
Joseph Williams. My lather was William Bingham Hitchcock, son of Julius Hitchcock
and Huldah Powers, his wife, of Westminster, Vt. My mother was Lovina (Clark)
Williams, married to William B. Hitchcock September. 1840. She was a daughter
of Ebenezer Williams, the first practicing physician in Bakersfield. He traced his
ancestry through Joseph Williams of Sharon, Vt., to Thomas Williams of Rhode
Island A. D. 1667. His wife, my mother's mother, was Keziah Perham. Her
ancestors were from Groton and Pepperel, Mass., and Royalton, Vt. Her mother
was a Shattuck, and my grandmother was first cousin to the father of the late
Lysander Shattuck of Bakersfield, Vt. At the age of nine years I removed with my
father and mother to Enosburg, Vt., and thence to the State of Wisconsin, returning
tto Bakersfield, Vt., in October, 18.59.

Responding to President Lincoln's call for nine months' soldiers in August, 1862,
I volunteered, at the age of 21 years, and became a member of Company G, loth
Regiment Vermont Volunteers, and was intimately associated with it until July 3rd,.
1863, when I received a severe wound on the battlefield of Gettysburg, after which
I was under hospital treatment and detached from my company. Having elsewhere
written for this work sketches and incidents in our army life I will now give
attention to the battle of Gettysburg and what followed, a glimpse of it, and nothing
more. I remember being profoundly impressed, the second day of the battle, with
its magnitude and importance while both armies were concentrating their forces
from every side for a terrible conflict. The Confederates were the attacking force,
the Union army the defensive. There was no fighting of importance until well along
in the afternoon. While we were in reserve back of Cemetery Hill a vigorous attack
was made in front. What a ghostly sight as wounded men and horses trooped over
the ridge seeking shelter; men with arms or legs disabled, pierced in the head, the
face, the bodies or extremities stained with blood, hobbling along supported by com-
rades, or alone. Horses covered with blood, wounds and gashes on head, body or
legs; limping, some of them on three feet, the fourth gone or dangling in the air.
A little later the 13th Regiment was ordered forward to retake Battery C, 5th United
States Artillery, captured by the Confederates, an account of which I have given
elsewhere.

July 3rd, the last day of the battle, we formed a part of the main line on the
Union center. There was fighting to the right and the left of us early in the day.
Rebel sharp-shooters kept up a merciless fire. The thunder of artillery on both sides
shook the earth. A tornado of shells swept over us while we laid flat on the ground
a little below and back of a ridge that afforded protection. Most of the shells swept
over us with a frightful prolonged "swish,'' some so closely we felt their breath. A
few exploded near, doing damage. An ammunition supply wagon for a battery, not
far away, exploded with a shock like an earthquake. For a time ther« came a lull,
the silence of a sabbath reigned. After noon the rebel batteries opened again on
the Union center. Not less than 150 cannon were heard in assault and reply. It
was more terrific to the imagination than in destructive effect since the greater part
of the shells ex])loded at too long range. It ceased. Picket's divisions advanced from
the Confederate main line, in a last desperate attempt to break the Union center.
The Union army arose to attention. Just then one of General Stannard's aides rode
in front of us and said, in a ringing tone, "Men, you know what this means! Wei
must whip them."

Our line advanced to the top of the ridge. Union batteries rapidly shifted
position to accommodate the new order of things and take most effective positions,
horses galloping with the guns to their places. We opened musket fire at long range
on the advancing Confederate lines. They passed on close up to us before they
replied, continually closing up the gaps we made in their columns. It was a terrible
sight to behold two armies stubbornly standing at short range and pouring their
volleys into each other's faces, pushing nearer and nearer. It would be idle to say
that the Confederates were not valiant and we were not hard pressed. Our lines in
places, were broken, annihilated, but, providentially, reserves were at hand to flU up
the gap. The Confederate force and endurance were not equal to the task they had
set for themselves. Taking advantage of some confusion in their ranks a Union
force, in which the 2nd Vermont Brigade acted an important part, at an opportune
moment charged their flank with telling effect. The Confederate attack was a failure
all along the line and they fell back with great loss.

It was a little before this charge that I received a bullet in my left thigh which
was not extracted until three years, nine months and seven days afterward, although
diligent search by experienced surgeons was made for it. I have the bullet still,
a treasured relic of the war. A comrade supported me from the ranks to a tree nearby

Biographical and Historical of Coiiipaiiy G. 6oij

in the rear, where 1 sat upon the ground partially shielded from flying bullets A
little later, leaning on my gun tor support, risking danger from flying missiles above
and all around, I forced myself, limping, farther to the rear on lower ground to a
place of less danger near a small stone dwelling house then occupied for a Second
Corps hospital. There 1 could receive no attention, as I belonged to the First Corps
and laid on the ground with a multitude of wounded as helpless as myself A light
rain fell some time in the night. Spreading my rubber blanket over me folded over
my shoulder during the battle, I "let it rain." It rained again before noon the next
day. I asked help to reach the barn nearby, for I could not walk, and took the only
vacant place, by the open door, beside a wounded rebel soldier. A bullet had entered
his mouth. He could not articulate a word plainly. His mouth, chin and flowing
beard were covered with clotted blood. Wounded, blood-stained men, filled the barn
floor and covered the ground outside.

I saw a young man walking about the ground. 1 called him and requested that
he would find my regiment and company on the field and inform them where I was.
This he faithfully performed, God bless him. Comrades Charles Ovitt, Oakley
Brigham and Henry Wells from Company G came to see me. They looked sleepy
and haggard, having guarded rebel prisoners all night after the battle. Helping me
into an adjoining shed, where straw was stored, where I had a good shelter, a soft
bed and plenty of room, they went to seek needed rest for themselves. Sergeant
George H. Scott came twice to see me, bringing Assistant Surgeon Crandall who
bathed and bandaged the wound, then sent an ambulance with Sergeant George Ladd
in charge, that evening, removing me to a First Corps hospital in a straw-thatched
barn, four miles away. The wounded limb had become very sore and the ride was
exceedingly painful. There were many wounded there, all strangers except one from
my company, John Teague from Bakersfleld. A bullet passed entirely through both
his thighs, back of the bones, making four ugly looking wounds to outward appearance.
Notwithstanding his sore and helpless condition he was irrepressibly mirthful, con-
tributing much to the cheer of others. We sat and lodged on the ground in an
empty bay; a bed of chaff, hayseed and thistles under us, which was more comfortable
outside our clothing than it was after working its way inside.

July 10th we were all taken to Gettysburg and then the next day to Baltimore
by rail. Sitting all night on the floor of a freight car with just a little hay spread
under us, jolting and bumping along, for men whose wounds had reached a stage
of extreme sensitiveness, was mild torture. What could not be helped must be
endured and so we made the best of it. Little wonder it was when morning came
and we were carried out on stretchers placed in a row along the street that many a
poor fellow was too much exhausted to sit up. For myself, all I cared for was rest.
Every attention and kindness possible for our comfort was freely given by the ladies
and citizens of Baltimore. Let it be recorded to their credit. After a good bath and
a clean shirt gratitiously supplied, for my knapsack was left on the battlefield, I
was borne on the shoulders of four men to West's Hospital, in the city of Baltimore.
It was a large two story brick warehouse near a wharf on Chesapeake Bay, capable of
accommodating one thousand wounded men, temporarily used for a hospital. I must
hasten to close this narrative. Good beds, good food and nurses with competent
medical anj. surgical service were provided. The missile that wounded me was some-
where deep in the flesh of my left thigh; it baffled surgical skill to locate it. The
wound suppurated profusely, sometimes amazingly. I was confined to my bed unable
to walk. In October malarial chills and fever attacked me, seriously affecting my
appetite and digestion.

Advising with my attendants, I decided to go home to Vermont while I was able
to make the journey and wrote my father to come or send some one for me. As he
was confined at home caring for my invalid mother. Comrade Oakley Brigham engaged
to go. If the reader is interested to follow our journey home, I refer to his narrative.
To the best of my remembrance, we left Baltimore evening of October 29th,
arriving at home afternoon of December 4th. Strong and willing arms in every
place lifted and carried me. From Brattleboro I laid on a mattress. I desire to
express appreciation of and gratitude for Comrade Oakley Brigham's kind and con-
stant attention to my every need. Home again, delightful! yet exhausted by the
journey, obliged for a time to seek complete relaxation and rest. Dr. George D.
Stevens attended me. The wound continued constantly discharging more than two
years. In the winter following my return an abscess formed beside the original
wound which, when lanced, discharged a pint. A little later, in February, Dr. Hiram F.
Stevens of St. Albans operated to extract the ball but without success. A year and a
half on crutches followed, with very feeble health. February and March. 1865, I was
confined to my bed with bilious fever and threatened inflammation of the bowels,
the following summer prostrated some weeks with inflammation of the liver. Before
winter (1865) the wound healed without extracting the ball. Nine months later another
abscess, which did not heal until the bullet was extracted six or seven months later.
These abscesses -viere a severe experience, confining me some weeks to the house,
for a time to my bed, and placing me under medical treatment. The winter of 1865-6

^TO 'I he Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

I taught a school at Stoneville successfully although with feeble health, following
which I entered upon a course of study in bookkeeping, business methods and tel-
egraphy at Bryant & Stratton Commercial College, Burlington, Vt.

Obtaining appointment as Inspector of Customs with headquarters at East Frank-
lin, I went thither in December. lS6fi. The tenth of April. 1867, the bullet in my leg
had worked itself so near the surface that I located it and with my pocket knife cut
it out myself, no thanks to professional skill. Within ten days it had healed. At the
end of one year resigned as Inspector of Customs and engaged in teaching the
school at West Berkshire. In .lanuary, near the middle of the term, was again
completely prostrated with another abscess and under care of a physician, unable to
finish the school, a cause of great disappointment to myself and I believe to the
pupils also. On recovery studied and practiced photography at Franklin, St. Albans
and Bakersfield, spending a number of weeks in the city of Philadelphia under
instruction of a professional photographer.

October 6th, 1869, I was married to Miss Cornelia Higgins of Logansport, Ind., a
niece of Judge John K. Whitney of Franklin, Vt., who, until her death, February 16th,
1905, was my beloved companion nobly sharing and helping in my work and
affectionately ministering to me in my sickness. In 1873, yielding to the call of the
church of which I was a member, I engaged in the work of the ministry and the
pastorate, serving at North Hero, Eden, North Hyde Park, Fairfax, Pittsfleld and
Stockbridge Common. From overwork, the summer of 1884 came near being my last
on earth. Slowly rallying, we removed late in the fall to Pittsfleld, Vt., residing there
in feeble health until my wife's death when I went to live in Serena, III., with my
sister, Mrs. A. E. Dean, also bereft of her companion, Erasmus P. Dean, son of the
late Deacon Asa Dean of Bakersfield, Vt. A daily record of events made at the time
in Pittman's phonetic shorthand, preserved through all the vicissitude of war. has
aided in writing these sketches. A stiff knee, permanently impaired health and a
government pension are constant reminders of my former military service and of
my debt of gratitude to those who ministered to me in time of need.

J. W. H.
THOMAS T. SNELL.

I was born in the town of Enosburg, Franklin County, Vt., December 8th, 182:6.
My father, John Snell was a native of Addison, Addison County, Vt. He married my
mother and settled on a farm in Enosburg, where both parents died. The homestead
descended to me and I have occupied it all my life. In September, 1862, I enlisted and
became a member of Company G, 13th Vermont Regiment, and was appointed Corporal.
I did not get the stripes taken off from me until I had served Uncle Sam nine months,
and then I resigned and served him one month as a private. The 13th Vermont
arrived in Washington in due time and then our new life as soldiers began. We en-
camped for a time on Capital Hill. My first duty as corporal of the guard was the
saddest of my army life. One of the boys without the password knocked down a
comrade on guard duty, and ran to the city. He was arrested and landed in the guard
house, and I was directed to hang him up by his thumbs to the ridge pole; so he was
obliged to stand on tip toe. It was not for me to say when he was punished enough.
The Colonel soon left us. The culprit was soon in actual pain, and begged me to
let him down. I found the Colonel to get permission to relieve him. He finally told
me I could cut him down when he became limber in his knees and not till then. I
felt bad tor tlie fellow, but think he got no more than he deserved. It was a warnl-
ing to us all, and I am glad to say it was the only case of the kind I knew of in the
regiment After crossing the Potomac, we were kept very busy on camp and picket
duties. A squad of men were sent to the front to work. I was in charge of them.
I am of the opinion the boys did not lose much flesh from overwork. I told my 16
men if I caught one of them sweating I would send him to camp and detail the other
1.5 men to take him there. I am of the opinion there is but one place where you can
get a soldier to do much with a spade and pick, and that is when he is placed at night
on guard near a rebel picket line and has to dig a hole before day light to protect him-
self or locse his head. Then he will lay to and dig. but as the hole grows bigger, he
stops to see if it is not big enough, and when he decides that it is, not another spade
full of dirt will he lift. That Is my experience as a soldier.

THOMAS T. SNELL.

Comrade Snell, either through modesty or because he loves a joke, has left out
any mention of the most interesting event in his service, but fortunately I can supply
it. Being one of the oldest men in the company, he was looked up to for wisdom and
sense. He was a prosperous farmer and by letter he directed his farm operations from
the front. The seven days' march and changes of water made him ill, but he would
not fall out. When the order came to advance to flank Pickett, he told his company
commander that it any running was to be done he could not go. He was told there
would probably be very little running, but a good deal of fighting, and he said he

Biographical and Historical of Companv G. 6ii

would try to keep up. At the first halt, when he was aiming, a bullet struck his fore-
head, above and at the left of the center, and he instantly fell. Lieutenant Clailke
was surprised when he looked up and was able to speak, saying that he was wounded,
and he caused Sumner Warner to help him to the rear, not expecting, however, to see
him again. After the battle was over Clarke found him at a hospital, writing home.
It seems that the bullet glanced and did not penetrate the skull, though ever since
then headaches have resulted in hot weather. Snell has continued one of the best
farmers in Enosburg, and at the reunion of the regiment in 1906, he told some of the
comrades that, although in his 80th year, he intended to ride the horse rake as usual
that summer and that during the past year he has milked seven cows twice a day,
missing only fourteen milkings in the year. He was very proud of his company, his
regiment and his country.

ALBERT CLARKE,

Lieutenant of Company O.
HENRY H. WELLS,
By his daughter, A. L. Stewart, as dictated by her father.

son of Eli Wells and Betsey FuUington was born in Bakersfleld, Vt., October lit, 1840. He
acquired such an education as the schools of Bakersfleld could give him. He was
brought up on a farm, and acquired the strength and practical experience which the
farm gives. When Vermont began to raise her quota of nine months' men, he at once
enlisted. It is said that he was the flrst man in Bakersfleld that enlisted under that
call. He was soon made corporal and served in that capacity during his term of
service. He was actively engaged in the battle of Gettysburg. He still carries the
scar made by the exploding shell that mortally wounded Captain Williams. He well
remembers when Colonel Randall's horse was shot from under him and when the
command came to retake a battery and Sergeant Scott cri£d "for God's sake, boys, take
that cannon." After his discharge, he returned to Bakersfleld and resumed farming.
On December 1st, 1863 he married Sarah S. Ovltt. In 1867 he entered the flrm of
I. F. Dean & Co., general merchandise, Bakersfleld. In 1871 he returned to the farm.
On account of failing health he with his family in 1879, moved to Ness County, Kansas,
and settled on a homestead 35 miles from a town or railroad. He was soon active in
the civil life of the settlement. He helped organize the flrst school district and was
chairman of the flrst school board. He was a charter member and worked in the flrst
Sunday school, and helped build the flrst church — with improved health and hard work
he obtained a competence, and in 1899, he retired from labor on a farm and settled in
Hutchinson, a beautiful Kansas town of 15,000 inhabitants. He now owns a comfort-
able home surrounded by all one could wish in his declining years. The city soon
discovered him, and elected him to the offices of poor commissioner and made hijn
probation officer of the Juvenile court. In this capacity he has served for four years.
His keen sense of justice, his warm sympathy, his Christian charity eminently fit him
for this office. His three children are well and happily married and prosperous in
business.

Addle L., is wife of D. A. Stewart, he runs a meat market in Abbyville, Kansas.
Elmer E. Wells is cattle buyer and has a meat market. Byron I. Wells, general mer-
chandise, Langdon, Kansas. He feels the government has been good to him. As his
health declined his pension was increased till now he draws $24.00 per month. He
and his wife are active members of the Congregational Church. His wife is vice-
president of the Reno County Sunday School Association and spends much time in
visiting Sunday Schools, and attending conventions. This Incident of his army life
should not be omitted. He says: As we were coming in on the 2nd day from the
charge. Major Boynton and I were walking side by side; a rebel soldier lying on the
ground wounded, fired at the Major. I sprang forward and would have pinned him
to the ground with my bayonet, but the Major caught my gun and would not let me
kill him.

HENRY H. WELLS.

Henry was a comrade honored and beloved. His company was proud of him. He
was a faithful soldier. As a corporal, he did his duty with efficiency — as a comrade
he was kind and generous — ever ready to divide his rations with a needy soldier. As
a christian he "let his light shine", and carried back to his home and his church the
simple faith with which he went from them. Since the war he has lived a strenuous
life. His constitution has been frail. His health has often failed him. Illness drove
him to the frontier in middle life; but failure was not in his vocabulary. He worked
on — struggled on — and won out at last. Now as he approaches the sunset he finds
himself In a happy and delightful home of his own enjoying in retirement from busi-
ness the competence he has gained, his children near him, settled and prosperous, and
he wearing the honors and doing the duties, even in feebleness of an office with
which his fellow'Cltizens have honored him. This much is due to supplement the
sketch which only gives facts in outline.

6i2 2 he Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

CHARLES F. OVITT.

This comrade was one of the choice men of Company G. To know him was to
love him. His royal good fellowship, his overflowing good cheer, his pleasant address,
won all his comrades. He comhined marked business ability with intense activity
which won him success. Few got on in life better than he. He was quick to help
a comrade whose necessities were greater than his. He sought them out and relieved
them. As a soldier whatever duty was assigned him he did well and at Gettysburg
he won the admiration of all his comrades by his unflinching courage and zeal.
Nobody could question his patriotism. When duty called he did not shrink at sacrifice.
He left his wife and children and a business that demanded his presence to succeed and
entered the ranks with no ambition beyond serving faithfully his country. He had,
however, no strong hope that the Union armies would succeed in crushing out the
rebellion. He would often remark, "The rebellion will never be put down by
fighting." His sister and his brother-in-law, Mr. and Mrs. H. H. Wells of Hutchinson
Kan., have furnished me the following facts.

Charles F. Ovitt, son of Daniel Ovitt and Bazy Fox, was born in Fairfield, Vt.,
November 12th, 1828. He learned industry and economy and acquired steady habits
on his father's farm. But the farm did not content him. With a good business
education he entered the mercantile life and began business in Bakersfield before
the war, January 1, 1854, he married Matilda E. Foster. . The fruit of their happy
marriage were three children, Charles L., Eddie D., and Wesley Ray. Eddie died in
early childhood. On retiring from the war he resumed work as merchant in Bakers-
field. His army comrade, H. H. Wells, was for a time associated with him. After
a few years he left Bakersfield and settled in West Enosburg. Here he kept a store
and ran a grist mill. Here he spent the rest of his life and accumulated a handsome
property. He died at his home June 20th, 1887, after a long and painful illness from
a complication of diseases ^contracted while in the army, yet he never asked for a
pension and often said there were many others that needed it more than he.

His wife and two sons still survive him. His sons are every way worthy such
a parentage and training as they enjoyed. They are successful and respected bus-
iness men in Enosburg and worthy members of the church. Charles is owner and
manager of the telephone at Enosburg Falls and lives there; Wesley has inherited
the mill and store of his father; both are married. Mrs. Ovitt still resides at West
Enosburg with and near her children, enjoying a serene old age, happy in the memory
of "ideal husband and father, a perfect moral character and a devoted Christian."
Our Comrade's life long friend, W. 0. Brigham, says of him, "I am intimately ac-
quainted with him and prized him very highly. I usually tented with him and
marched in the same rank. He was fearless in battle, generous and kind to all in
need of help, ready to divide the last crust with those in need, but he had no patience
with those who sought to shirk duty."

His keen sense of justice was illustrated in this incident: "Tn one of our regi-
mental drills, early in our service, we were thrown into confusion and our guns
were not in line. The commanding officer became very angry and cursed and swore
at us and declared "we hadn't brains enough to make a monkey of." Ovitt was very
indignant at such treatment. He determined to beard the lion in his den. He sought
out the officer and told him, "The soldiers were not accustomed to such treatment
at home" and in strong terms expressed his disapproval. The officer saw his mistake
and apologized. "On the third day when Pickett began his charge we were ordered to
move forward and lie down behind some rail breastwork which we had previously
built and in this protected place load and fire, lying down. Charles was the first to
jump to his feet and said, 'Boys, we are here to whip the rebels, so let's go about
it.' He stood erect, loading and firing. Inspired by his example the whole company
without command sprang to their feet and poured a deadly fire into the enemy's
flank." Comrade Wells gives this incident: "After the enemy had surrendered.
Colonel Randall called on 20 volunteers from the regiment to go and take in the
prisoners. This was dangerous work for after the charge of the enemy failed the
rebels opened upon us with their artillery. Ovitt was the first to volunteer. I was
second, and 12 of us went and gathered them up. Upon this the Colonel ordered
the 2nd Company to guard the prisoners to the rear. Upon that Lieutenant
Searles of Company I ordered his company to go. Then I said, 'Your company
does not happen to be the 2nd Company to-day.' Then Lieutenant Searles asked
the colonel which company, by letter, he meant. He replied, 'Company G are the
ones that took the prisoners.' Finally the honors were shared by both companies."
In early life Charles joined the Methodist Episcopal church and continued an active
and constant member till his death. Thus far his children have followed his example.

SAMUEL CUTTING

was a good soldier, always on hand for duty, was married before going to -n-ar; had six
children, four sons, two daughters. The oldest, Lottie, married Stokes Start and has

Biographical and Historical of Company G. 613

six boys. The second married a son of Ransom Holmes. I think; his name is Fred.
Mr. Cutting's wife, I think, died before him. Mr. Cutting was not apparently as
anxious to secure an abundance of this world's goods as many but lived at peace
with friends and neighbors. Mrs. Cutting was Elizabeth Brown, born in Bakersfleld
Mr. Cutting resides in Massachusetts.

JOHN COMBS,

the son of Caleb Combs and Abigail Gross Combs, was born in Richford, March 19,
1833. His father was a farmer and he had the usual experiences of a farmer's boy.
Before the war he made his home in Montgomery. After his discharge his places of
residence were Montgomery, Vt., and Leominster, Mass. He could turn his hand at
many things and at different times he was farmer, millman, wheelwright, etc. July
4th, 185.5, he and Sophronia L. Wellman became one in marriage. They became the
happy parents of five children: Ernest E., of Montgomery, Vt., John H., Montgomery,
Vt., Minnie J. Pogutz, Worcester, Mass., Emerson W., of Montgomery, Vt., and Lillian
M. Ccmings of Richford. All these are married with homes of their own. John was
steady and industrious, a devoted husband, kind, loving father and a good citizen. His
patriotism showed itself in deeds, not words. That his young and growing family
depended on him for support did not deter him from joining his country's defenders.

When the call came for nine months' men In the fall of 1862 he enlisted in
Montgomery, Vt., and became a member of Company G. He soon won the respect
and esteem of his fellows. He was a good soldier, he shrank from no duty however
hard; he feared no danger, he was kind and tender hearted, ever ready to "lend a
hand to assist a comrade, and in the test proved himself as brave upon the battlefield
as he was faithful in camp. The wound he received on the 3rd of July shows he was
in the thick of the fight. A bullet passed through the left arm into his side, struck a
rib and glanced out. removing a nipple. This wound so weakened his constitution that
the government gave him a pension of $14.00. Whether in peace or war he lived his
life well. He was the best marksman in the company. After a j)ainful and lingering
illness he received his final discharge. His wife survived him till September, 22nd,
1906, when she followed her husband into the world of spirits.

HARVEY BARNES

was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church of his town. He was a somewhat
nervous temperament, but of good intentions. He left one living daughter, Sarah,
who is a widow now living in Patton, Province of Quebec. He was born in Bakers-
fleld; his father's name was Joshua; his mother, Nabby Weston. His wife, Esther
Downs, died a year or two previous to his death.

WILLIAM 0AKL|3Y BRIGHAM.

I enlisted August 19th, 1862, and joined Company G. The company gathered at
Enosburg and was organized. After a few days we marched to Bakersfield where
we were drilled by Colonel Ladd of Enosburg Palls and by Sergeant Ladd, who had
seen some service in the 1st Vermont. We left Bakersfleld for St. Albans and
Brattleboro September 28th, about 12 p. m., reached Brattleboro September 29th,
4 p. m. and marched one mile to our camp ground. Here we received our blankets
and spread them upon the bare floor of our barracks. The next day brought some
straw for our bunks. We were thankful for this improvement on the soft side of a
board, a taste of worse things to come. Our military duties commenced October
1st. I was detailed as camp guard. Our rations for dinner were salt beet and stale
bread. For a week we spent our time drilling, policing the camp and keeping guard.
On the 9th our knapsacks and guns were inspected, on the 10th we were mustered
into United States service and received $6.75 State pay. We left Brattleboro tor
Washington on the 11th via H. & N. H. R. R. and Long Island Sound and the
Pennsylvania R. R. We rode on freight cars from Philadelphia to Baltimore.

While marching through Baltimore at 1 o'clock at night we thought how the
Massachussetts troops were attacked in this city and wondered if some stray brickbats
might be hurled at our heads. During our first night in Washington each company
slept in line with knapsacks for pillows, our guns being stacked in front of us. We
camped the next day on Capitol Hill. It being very rainy many of us contracted
rheumatism, diarrhtea and the like, from lying on the damp ground. I was on the
sick list and was excused from marching. At length we left Capitol Hill, crossed
the Potomac and settled down at Camp Vermont. While here I seldom failed to
do duty on account of sickness. At about Christmas time several of the boys had
boxes from home. The depot was three miles away; we went after them on foot.
Our way of transporting these boxes was primitive. We fastened one to a pole
and then with a comrade at each end of the pole marched back to camp. And, thanks
to the goodies in the boxes, we were able to observe Christmas.

6i4 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

Once we were on picket in the woods beside a road. In the night we heard
horses approaching on the run. We called a halt twice. They halted but getting
no reply, we crept down near them and found they were horses without riders — not
a dangerous enemy. The dialect of the natives was amusing to us Yankees. I once
inquired of a woman how far it was to camp. She replied, "It is three hollars and
a right smart walk beyond." Women would come around with pies to sell. At home
we would hardly feed a dog with them. Bill Dwyer was quite a wag. He told one
of them that her pies were too rich and hearty and he wished she would make a
dozen for the next day with crusts a good deal thicker and not near so rich. The
pies were made, she was promptly on hand and went from tent to tent in pursuance of
her customer, but no Dwyer could be found.

At the junction of the Occoquan and the Potomac there was a ford, not passable
at high water. As the water went down it was suspected rebels were secretly crossing
it, so I was placed as guard at that point with instructions not to allow any passing.
Marcus Andrews and Edward Cantwell were with me. One night, June 23rd, I
saw two men in a boat crossing to the opposite shore. Immediately I commanded,
"Halt." They rowed all the faster. I ran down the bank and again cried, "Halt,"
two or three times. As they did not stop I raised my musket and fired. The ball
came unpleasantly close to them. Andrews raised his gun to continue the rifle
practice. Seeing their danger, believing that "discretion is the better part of valor,"
they about-faced and rowed toward us. The water near the shore was shallow and
the bottom muddy so they were obliged to leave their boat and wade ashore. They
proclaimed their innocence, but I believed them to be spies. I then undertook to
do what I believe was very foolhardy, to march them through the woods two miles
to our reserves under Lieutenant Canfleld. So, ordering them in front of me. I alone
marched them through the woods and delivered them to the Lieutenant. If they had
had pistols they could easily have shot me. This was my last picket duty. The next day,
June 25th, at 7 a. m. we broke camp and commenced the long seven days' march to
what proved to be Gettysburg.

Many of us, as our term of service had nearly expired and not knowing our
destination, believed we were starting for home. So we loaded ourselves down with
all manner of truck which, with 40 rounds of cartridges, five days' rations, a canteen
of water and knapsack with blanket and overcoat, soon began to tell upon us. And
so we began to throw unnecessary things away at first and then the more valuable
till our line of march was bestrewed with souvenirs, keepsakes, blankets, shirts, etc.,
as the result of the first day's march. I had made a large blister on each foot. I
then threw away my socks and went without any till I reached Bakersfield. Wherever
opportunity offered I would bathe the sore feet in water till they finally healed. I
stood the march very well till the last day which was very hot and muggy. I came
near prostration from the heat but I kept up with my company and a cup of coffee
and a night's rest prepared me for the next day's battle.

I was near Captain Williams when mortally wounded. I assisted in repressing
a rebel regiment which had broken our lines. I helped recapture a battery and roll
back a cannon into line and to pursue and capture about eighty rebels. July 3rd, in the
forenoon, I assisted in laying up a breastwork of rails. While laying behind a battery
a piece of shell struck within a few inches of my head. When Pickett began his
famous charge we were ordered forward to lie down behind that breastwork of rails.
When ordered to fire we could not do it well lying down. Charles Ovitt said, "We
can't do anything so." He was the first to rise and fire standing. Soon the whole
company were on their feet.

In attacking Pickett's flank some of the boys had close calls. Harrison Wells
had his rubber blanket rolled up and hung over his shoulder. A ball went through
the whole thickness of the roll and his clothes beside and dropped down next his
skin. After the repulse of the enemy I assisted in gathering up the prisoners
and marching them to the prison camp and guarding them till 3 o'clock a. m. On
returning to camp I found the bands playing and heard that the rebels were retreating
and the Sixth Corps and the cavalry were pursuing — a great 4th of July for us.

On October 26th I was in Bakersfield and went to Baltimore to get Joseph
Hitchcock of Company G. He was wounded and taken to the hospital in Baltimore.
I found him discouraged and losing ground. He had great difficulty in getting his
discharge papers. I was able to make affidavit to the facts they required to give the
discharge.

Having his discharge, on the 3rd we started for home. On reaching New York
Joseph seemed perfectly prostrated. Securing an ambulance I took him to Howe's
Relief Hospital where he remained from Friday till Monday. On that day we went
on to Brattleboro where he was mustered out, thence we went to Bakersfield. By
means of boards across the seat and a straw tick on the boards we extemporized a
bed on the car till he reached St. Albans. From there an express wagon with a bed
In It conveyed him to Bakersfield. I think he would have died had he remained in
Baltimore.

Biographical and Historical of Company G. 6is

I was born in Bakersfield, Vt., May 16th, 1863. My parents were Samuel S.
Brigham, a native of Bakersfield, and Mary Powers, a native of Templeton, N, H.
They were farmers. My grandparents were Eli Brigham and Mary Houghton. My
great-grandfather was Jonas Brigham, Esq. He was a man of marked ability. Bakers-
field elected him as her first representative to the legislature and re-elected him for
17 consecutive years. I spent my boyhood at home on the farm, attended the district
school and several terms at the Bakersfield and Barre academies. My football and base-
ball education were sadly neglected, but Instead work on the farm hardened my
muscles and gave me good health and helped me to form industrious and temperate
habits. I taught district school for a few terms. I then went to Illinois and engaged
in mercantile business for two years in the cities of Quincy and Warsaw. In the
spring of 1860 I returned to Bakersfield and, being the only son, resumed work on
the old farm. When the call came for 300,000 nine months' men I obeyed the call
with many young men of my acquaintance and tried to serve my country well during
my full term of service. On my return from the war I again resumed farming which
was my life work till I retired from the farm to the village.

On February 17th, 1864, I married Nellie M. Perkins. Three children were born
to us, Clarence, Clara and John. Clarence and Clara were twins, born February 5th,
1867. John was born July 18th, 1872. They were all graduates of Brigham Academy.
Clarence and Clara for a time taught in the same school. Clarence took a four yeais'
course at the University of Vermont and a three years' course at the medical school.
He now resides in Leominster, Mass., in successful practice. He has been married
twice. His first wife was Anna Tracy, a graduate of the university, by whom he had
two children, Paul and Hellen. She died suddenly of appendicitis. His second wife
was Mrs. Jennie Tilman McKinney, cousin of Senator Tilnian. She died in 1905. Clara
took a three years' course in the Boston Art School. Afterward she married C. M.
Boutell. Their residence is Shrewsbury, Mass. They have two children, Doris and
Charles. My son, John took one year at the university and three years at the dental
college in Boston, where he graduated at the head of his class of 60, receiving a prize
of $25.00 and delivering the valedictory address. He is now practicing dentistry in
Winchendon, Mass. He married Mabel Powers of Bakersfield, a graduate of the
Brigham Academy.

I have been honored with most of the offices of the town, selectman, lister,
trustee of public money, overseer of the poor for 20 years, and superintendent of
Poor House Association. I represented my town in the legislature in 1892. My
wife, Nellie, died December 10th, 1893. October 22nd, 1895, I married Mrs. Rilla
(Field) Worthing. I now reside in Bakersfield village, measurably free from the
infirmities of age, serving, as I am able, my town and my church.

William Oakley Brigham.

LEWIS BOVAN

was born in Canada but early moved to Vermont with his parents and here his educa-
tion ambition, aspirations, patriotic feelings were largely the result of his youthtui
environments and when he arrived at the age of 21 was a good Vermont citizen ready
and willing to fight for his adopted country. He volunteered in September, 1862, from
the town of Bakersfield and joined Company G, 13th Regiment, Vermont Volunteers.
He was a good soldier, ever on hand and ready for duty, was full of fun and had a
pleasant disposition. His broken speech because of his native tongue often was the
cause of amusement among his comrades. He was 21 at date of enlistment, rugged
vigorous, active and horny handed like most of his nativity who had followed the
occupation of a farmer. He was glad to lay down the plow and scythe and take up
the gun for home and country. He delighted to visit the farmhouses near our camp
either night or day and chickens had to roost high, pigs run fast to escape Bovan s
sharp eyi and nimble feet. Fricassee chicken and pork chop was almost a daily
repast with Bovan's tentmates and it was said that Captain Williams qmte often
found chicken and fresh pork, ham and eggs ready for the kettle and spider. It was
a mystery to the captain but he prudently avoided an investigation, taking for granted
th^t his cook had supplied the necessaries for his table with the money he furnished
him for the purpose.

Comrade Bovan would march all day and as soon as dark start out to beg, buy
or mak^ ?equi1mon on the farmers along our long journey to Gettysburg. He was a
good toragerand never returned to camp empty handed. He stood the march well and
I^riveHn pink condition, neither hungry or thirsty. He Ai^^l^ed not m the hour
of daneer and stood up boldly side by side with the bravest until the battle was
won since the war Comrade Bovan has roved about considerable and like near y
Tn of h s natfonamy has acquired but little for a rainy day. But the magnanimity
of the glorious country he helped to save provides him with a generous pension m
Ws old age He now resides in St. Albans city, Vt., and is often seen on Lake street

6i6 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

looking and watching for some old comrade to talk about the days when down oa
the sunny banks of Occoquan and the big time at Gettysburg. The author was quite
as well acquainted with Company G as his own company and therefore knows whereof
he speaks.

R. O. S.
Dated at Swanton, December, 1909.

GEORGE C. COBSE

was the son of Azariah and Betsy (Saunders) Corse, was born in Bakersfield, Vt.,
in 1823, a farmer by occupation. In the summer of 1862 he enlisted in Company G,
13th Vermont Volunteers. Soon after the regiment reached the front he was detailed
from his company to serve in the Ambulance Corps, and was assigned as an ambu-
lance driver. He was the oldest man in the detail, having the full confidence of
the surgeons and hospital attendants. He was always in demand when they wanted
a careful prudent man. He was looked up to by every man in the corps as a model
to go by. He served his full time, came home and resumed farming, but in February,
1865, he again enlisted, was credited to the town of Fairfield and was assigned to
Company K, 17th Vermont Volunteers, joined the regiment in front of Petersburg,
Va., in fore part of March. At the time he joined the regiment there were seven
recruits that were assigned to Company K. The first time he went on picket duty
our lines were driven in by an assault in the night. Soon after this the storming
of Fort Steadman took place, and then April 1st the assault upon the forts in front
of Petersburg. Comrade Corse and one other of these seven recruits were the only
ones who were not hit with bullets; the company went into this battle with one
commissioned officer and 28 men. Lieutenant Henry was killed and ten men wounded.

Comrade Corse came home at the close of the war, resumed farming for a number
of years. After the death of his first wife he lived in the village of his native town
for a few years, was married again to Mrs. Sophia Squires, Wakefield, established
a home in the village and lived a quiet, contented life for a number of years. He died
June 29th, 1903, and is buried in the cemetery at Bakersfield, Vt. Of his family,
Mrs. Corse lives in Bakersfield, a son, E. C. Corse, in Underbill; two daughters,.
Mrs. Laplant lives in Enosburg and Mrs. Reed in Bakersfield, Vt. I was one of his.
comrades in the Ambulance Corps in 1862-3 and a sergeant in Company K, 17th
Vermont Regiment, in 1865.

WILLIAM M. NARAMORE.

Bakersfield, Vt., January, 1905.

EDWARD CANTWELL.

Edward was a native of Montreal, Canada. His father died in that city when
his boy was only four years old, left fatherless and with a mother unable to support
him. He was given to a Mr. Wheeler living in New York state. As Edward retained
the name of Cantwell. Wheeler could not have adopted him. He had scant opportun-
ities to obtain an education. During his boyhood, about 1850. he moved to Franklin
county, Vt., where he spent the rest of his life. His occupation both before and
since the war has been that of farming.

To his adopted country he was loyal and patriotic. In the summer of 1862 he
enlisted in the town of Berkshire and joined Company G, 13th Vermont. He served
through his term and was discharged with his regiment. As a soldier he was obedient
to his superiors, faithful in the discharge of duty and respected by his comrades.

At an early age he married Mary Scofield of Sheldon, Vt. The fruits of their
marriage were Hannibal, now residing in Enosburg; Anna, wife of Thomas Longe-
of East Highgate; Clara, wife of James Hancock, Waterville. Me.; Charles and Edward
who reside in Swanton. For the past twelve years his family have lived in Swanton.
His health had been poor. He passed away, August 22nd, 1903. A few comrades fol-
lowed his remains to their last resting place in Riverside Cemetery, Swanton. Com-
rade Sturtevant says of him that he appeared to be a well disposed and kind hearted
man. May he rest in peace. His wife and children survive him.

JUSTIN C. CONVERSE.

Justin was a Bakersfield boy. He was the son of Arad Converse and was born
September 6th, 1838. With other Bakersfield boys he enlisted for a term of nine
months and faithfully served his country during his term of service. He was brought
up on a farm. He was reserved and diffident but deported himself well as a soldier
On his return from the army he resumed his occupation as a farmer. He has lived
in Bakersfield and Cavendish, Vt., and Springfield, Mass. To him and his good wife,
Sabina Converse, there have been given three children. These are all married and
settled in Springfield, Mass. Their names are Fred P. Converse, Wallace J. Converse-

Biographical and Historical of Company G. 617

and Flora (Converse) Gray. Justin's constitution was impaired in tlie army and
^^ u^^^rA pension of twelve dollars. Of late years he had been quite broken in
health. The end came at last. The final muster out occurred August 9th 1905 His
■wife, Sabina, and his three children survive him.

NELSON S. DAVIS.

I was born at East Enosburg, Vt., July 2nd, 183S. I am a son of Daniel and
Lucy Davis. My father's parents were Richard Davis and Laeah Garfield. My mother's
parents were Stephen and Lydia Davis, she- did not change her name by marriage
so I am a thoroughbred Davis except a little Garfield blood. At the age of 21 I
married Lydia K. Perkins, July 14th, 18.59. She was born Julv 18th. 1838. There were
born to us five children, two daughters and three sons: Mrs. C. E. Kilburn, Pittsfleld,
Mass.; Mrs. A. N. Bingham, Lawrence, IViass.; A. N. Davis, Rowley, Mass.; Edward
N. Davis, Hazelton, Iowa; Oscar B. Davis, North Cambridge.

When President Lincoln called for 300,000 men to serve for nine months I enlisted
with seven others from the east part of Enosburg in the fall of 1862. We entered
Company G of the 13th Vermont Regiment and were taken to Brattleboro for drill,
equipment and muster. While there eight or ten of us went outside the camp guards
for the purpose of having a prayer meeting. On our return the guard would not
allow us to go into camp as we had not the password, it having been changed while
we were absent. So we were marched to the guard house. When matters were ex-
plained we were allowed to go free. Later on I was taken sick and was removed to the
hospital; while there I was mustered into the United States service on my back.
The next day we started for Washington. On arriving there I was left at the
Sundry Commission Rooms, between the depot and Capitol, where I remained over a
week. Meanwhile the 13th was encamped on East Capitol Hill. Being somewhat
better, I obtained a pass, thanks to the lady in charge of the ward, to join my
regiment.

Soon we broke camp, crossed the long bridge over the Potomac and established
ourselves at Camp Vermont. While there I recall this incident: A straw stack on
the flat between the camp and the Potomac was set on fire and burned. Three of
my tent mates were suspected, as they had some trouble with the guard about
getting some straw for their tents. I endeavored to do my duty in camp, on the
march and in battle. When discharged at Brattleboro I returned home and resumed
work on my farm until November, 188.5, when I sold my place and came to Clinton,
Mass., where I now reside. No. 88 East street.

NELSON S. DAVIS.

MARTIN N. DODGE.

I now reside in Jeffersonville, Vt. I am a son of Nathaniel and Abigail Dodge,
grandson of Enoch and Joel Dodge. I can trace my ancestors back two hundred
years. They took part in the Revolutionary War, the War of 1812-14, the Mexican
War, and the Civil War. When I look over the genealogy of the Dodge family I
am proud of the record. I was born in Eden, Vt., August 8th, 1840. I was married
to Charlotte A. Barnes March 5th. 1862. I have no children. I enlisted in the town
of Bakersfield and served in Company G, 13th Vermont; rank, high private in the
rear rank, and served till I was mustered out at the close of my term of service.

My occupation before enlistment was farming. Since the war I was a farmer for
a time then, for over fifteen years, a marble worker at Proctor, Vt. My wife is of
patriotic stock. Her grandfather was in the war of 1S12. She had two brothers
and four brothers-in-law in the Civil War. She is a great admirer of Lincoln,
Garfield and McKinley, but doesn't like Cleveland because he went fishing on
Memorial Day. I am a member of the I. O. O. F. and was Noble Grand of Beaver
Lodge, No. 47, Proctor, Vt. ■ Am a member of the Grand Army and have been for two
years. The experience of our short term of service I shall leave to more able pens
than mine.

Jeffersonville, Vt., April, 190.5. MARTIN N. DODGE.

DENNIS S. DOW,

son of Benjamin and Deborah (Gilman) Dow, was born in Enosburg, Vt., September
18th, 1825, married Harriet E. Dunton, daughter of Hiram E. and Lucy Dunton, in
December, 1854. One child was born to them, a son, John E., born January 1st, 1855.
He enlisted from Enosburg in September, 1862, becoming a member of Company G,
13th Regiment, Vermont Volunteers. Was discharged in November, 1862, because of
Illness. His occupation before enlistment was carpenter and joiner. Since discharge
has been a farmer, living in West Enosburg, Vt.

While in Washington a comrade asked a stranger where the office was where they
filled out the transportation papers, and was directed to a gambling den. Being in

<Ji8 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

such a hurry to get his made out first, he did not wait for his comrades but entered
and made his wants Itnown. One of the men directed him to the right place and
wrote something on a paper and told him to present it to the man at the desk
with glasses on. Upon reaching the ofBce he did as he had been directed and the man,
after reading the paper, laughed very heartily and slapped his knee and then passed
the paper to the other men in the room, causing much laughter. As a result they
made a mistake in making out the papers which was not discovered until he got to
the station and he was obliged to go back again. He knew that he could not return
in time for the train so he could not start for home that day. He felt so badly
that I pitied him and stayed with him. He then went to the Sanitary Commission
and asked if we could stay all night but were refused, so we had to go to the barracks
which we found deserted. But as we had no money it was the only place for us two
men alone in such a place, unarmed and supperless. During the evening a man
entered the building. He was dressed in a long cloak and asked if we had drawn
our pay. I spoke up and told him it was none of his business. He replied, "I'll show
you." Then my comrade spoke to a bloodhound that had followed us and we had
made friends with, and said, "Look after that man, don't take your eyes off him."
The man did not stay long after that. About midnight a company of Massachusetts
men entered the barracks and I said to the captain, "We claim your protection, we
are unarmed men," so he ordered a number of his men to lie down around us while
he proceeded to the city with the rest of the men. In the morning the report came
to us that one poor devil was dead outside the barracks, robbed and murdered. Died at
West Enosburg, Vt., November 14th, 1909, and there buried. His widow and son,
J. E. Dow, live in Enosburg, Vt.

JAMES A. EDWARDS

was a son of Joel Edwards and Eliza Strong, both of Lowell, Vt. He was born in
Lowell December 2nd, 1832. He has spent most of his life as a farmer in his native
town. He married Mary S. Tillotson. The fruits of this union were two daughters,
Emily and Hattie. Emily married Sam Crofts and lives in Rumney, X. H. Hattie
married Lincoln Bowin. .James enlisted in Bakersfield with the nine months men
and served in Company G till his time of service expired. Of his life and character
only words of praise can be spoken. As a soldier he was ever found in the paths of
duty, obedient, patriotic, upright, a worthy example to all his comrades. As a citizen
he was a man of strict integrity and enjoyed the respect and love of all who knew
him, a kind neighbor and a loyal friend. In his home he was a devoted and loving
husband and father. His days were not long. He passed away in Lowell April 5th,
1889. His widow followed him February 9th, 1902, in the home of her daughter,
Mrs. Crafts.

HOMER C. FLETCHER

was from Enosburg, Vt.. and was one of the musicians of Company G. He was a
fine appearing young man and liked by all his company associates. He volunteered
In September and on the organization he was appointed fifer. His place of birth
was said to be Enosburg. The march to Camp Seward and then to Camp Vermont
and exposure in camp on Capitol Hill induced typhoid fever from which he died in
the hospital at Camp Vermont November ISth, 1862. It was the first death in Company
G. Every heart was sad because of this untimely death. Every thing possible was
done that he might live. He was taken to Alexandria by Captain White and sent
to his home in Enosburg where he was buried November, 1862.

JOHN S. HAYES

was born in Enosburg in the year 1835. He was the son of H. D. Hayes and Delia
Snell and nephew of Corporal Thomas T. Snell. He married Eliza Cutler and had
by her two children, Harley and Hattie Hayes. He has resided since the war in
Enosburg and died at his home there December 25th, 1893. His two children survive
him. He was a good soldier, patriotic and brave. He was pleasant and genial and
added much to the life of the camp. He had a peculiar, ripling, musical laugh. Though
in his tent it could be heard all over the camp and often the boys would try to
imitate him. Corporal Snell says of him, "John lived up to orders the nearest of
any man I knew. He was ever ready for duty in camp or on the march. When on the
march to Gettysburg he was detailed to guard our train. That kept him in the rear.
On reaching Frederick he came to camp and told the captain he believed we were
going to have a fight and he wanted to be in it and requested that another man
be detailed to take his place. But his friends berated him. Sumner Warner called
him a fool for wanting to risk his life in battle, while his uncle advised the captain
to send him back to his detail. Overborne by his friends, he resumed his duty as guard
of the trains, to his lifelong regret for that kept him out of the fight. On his return

Biographical and Historical of Company G. 619

home whenever anybody asked him If he was in the battle he would reply 'No I
was three miles in the rear guarding a pork parrel kicked out of camp by my uncle.
He was a warm friend and a bitter enemy.' "

Had his heart's desire been gratified and he been permitted to meet the enemy
race to face, his friends have no doubt he would have been among the bravest of
the brave. After the war he resumed the business of farming and lived an industrious
and respectful life. His wife passed on before him.

NORMAN HOGABOOM

was born In Highgate, Vt, September 1836. His parents were farmers. His training
on the farm taught him habits of industry and economy. Before the war his resi-
dence was Berkshire, Vt., from which town he enlisted September 20, 1862, and joined
Company G. While he remained in the service he acquitted himself with credit. He
was a good soldier, obedient and faithful and won the respect and confidence of
his comrades. But his military service was short. The hardships of army life under-
mined his health and on March 16th, 1863, he received his discharge on account of
disability. His marriage to Susan Woodard occurred March 4, 1862, only a few
months before his enlistment. His newly wedded wife gladly welcomed home the
invalid and nursed him back to health. They both are blessed with length of days.
After his service he took up his residence in Richford, where he now resides. He
resumed farming. His fellow citizens have respected and loved him. He has held
many of the offices and appointments in the gift of the town. He is no believer In
race suicide. He has reared up a large family and lived to see his children married
and settled in the world. They are Lora, Ethan, Albert, Horatio and Flora. The
first three live in Richford, Horatio in Chelsea and Flora in Montgomery. Horatio
married Carrie Woodworth; Ethan married Ines Combs; Albert married Pearl Fletcher;
Flora married Charles Barnes. May his children and grandchildren gladden his age.

H. R. HEATH,

son of Elisha Heath and Mary Noyes, was born in Richford, Vt., February 14th,
1845. His father was a farmer and so was he. His native town has always been
his residence. The war stirred his soul and fired him with patriotism and at the
early age of sixteen he enlisted in Richford for nine months. He was retiring and
diffident but kind hearted and generous, ever ready to lend a hand to a needy comrade.
He was brave and cool in action. At Gettysburg he acquitted himself with credit.
On the third day he was wounded in the leg by a piece of shell.

After serving his time in the 13th he again enlist«d for one year and was assigned
to the 6th Vermont Infantry and rendered faithful serviee till his discharge. The
war ended, he resumed labors on the farm and continued there till failing health
compelled him to leave the farm and move to Richford village. Clara B. Smith was
the loved one of his choice whom he married March 2nd, 1872. One child blessed this
marriage, who survives, unmarried. In his later years he was a great sufferer from
rheumatism and often required help to get around. The government was good to
him and as health failed him increased his pension till it reached $50.00 per month.
His final muster out was on September 4th, 1903. His wife survives him and lives
In Richford. To her I am indebted for the above facts.

LEWIS A. HIX.

This young man was known for his exuberant spirits and his love of fun. On the
great march the brigade halted one mid-day to make coffee and some of the boys
climbed some cherry trees near by. General Stannard sent an orderly to command
them to return to the ranks, but they told him he was nothing but a private and
he might go back to headquarters. Then the General sent one of his staff officers,
who ordered them to get down. They obeyed, but as soon as his back was turned they
climbed back. Then the General went himself and that was effectual. Some hours
afterward, on the march, having talked about many other things. His said to a com-
rade: "I like the old General; he don't take on any airs, he isn't above speaking to
a private." "Has he ever said anything to you?" asked Sergeant Scott. "Yes, he
has once." "What did he say?" "May be I can't repeat it all. for it kind o' took

my breath away, but I remember this much, ' your eyes, get out o' those

cherry trees!' and I didn't wait to hear any more." After the war Hix drifted away
to some other part of the country and his comrades have not heard of him since.

MUNSON L. HULL,

son of Francello Hull and Sally Fairbanks, was born in Fairfield. His parents after
wards settled in Bakersfield where Munson was brought up, educated and resided till

620 2'lic Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

his death. The bride of his choice was Olive Hamilton of Bridport, Vt., whom he married
in 1855. To this marriage three children were given. Flora, who married George
Atkinson, Erving, Mass.; Hattie, now Mrs. William Prouty, Bolton Springs, P. Q., and
Cora, who died young. Munson was a first class mechanic of more than ordinary skill.
He drew the architectural plan of Brigham Academy. He was a worthy, useful citizen,
a member of the Congregational church, a kind neighbor and devoted husband and
father. He was a good and faithful soldier and helpful in cases of sickness and need.
During part of his term he was nurse in our regimental hospital. On his return home he
resumed work at his trade. He met with an untimely death by drowning in Bakersfield
April 30th, 1872. His wife and two daughters survive him. His widow resides in Bolton
Springs, P. Q.

SILAS LAROCK,

son of John Larock and Julia Lumbra, was born in Montgomery, Vt., 1840. When the
call came for nine months' men he caught the war fever and enlisted in Berkshire and
joined Company G, 13th Vermont. He loved his country and served her well. As a
soldier he was faithful, steady, obedient to superiors and respected by his comrades.
After his term of service expired he was drafted October 7th, 1863, and was assigned
to Company G, 5th Regiment, Vermont Volunteers. After the war he married Elizabeth
Lumbra, in 1867. The fruits of this marriage were seven children, Frank, Willie, Mary,
Jessie, Sadie, Jennie, Bennie. These children are married and reside in and near Mont-
gomery. Silas was a good father and loving husband and a respectful citizen. After a
lingering illness he passed away in 1887. After a widowhood of four years his wife
married again and is now residing in Montgomery, Vt.

OCTAVE AND LEVI LAFLEUR.

They were of French descent but of American adoption. They were brothers, born
in Montgomery, Vt., Octave in 1836 and Levi, Octover 29, 1844. They were genuine
Americans in language and thought and were as patriotic and loyal as the descendants
of the Pilgrims. In the fall of 1862 they both enlisted at Montgomery for the term of
nine months and became members of Company G, 13th Vermont Regiment. They served
till their term expired. They were faithful in all soldierly duties, they were quiet and
orderly in camp, respectful to their superiors, bore hardships like good soldiers and were
brave and cool on the battlefield. In their boyhood they had had few advantages; in
the army their eyes were opened, they learned much of men and life, of their country
and its grand opportunities. After their army service their paths soon diverged. Octave
wad quick to see the large opportunities of the West and in due time made his home
in Minneapolis.

Levi enjoyed a good degree of health till his last sickness; this was long and painful,
lived in Richford for 33 years. He married Julia Reno of Richford. He illustrated the
fecundity of his race. From this union sprang nine children. Five of these are living,
Jennie, Ezra, William, Ella and George. All reside in Richford, Vt., their native town.
Jennie married Jerry Blanchard, Ezra married Grace Lafleur, William, Effle Wright and
Ella, Morgan Laywer, George is unmarried. Levi Lefleur was but a lad of IS years.
His youth did not deter him from serving his country, so he followed the example of
his brother and joined him in the ranks.

Levi enjoyed a good degree of health till his last sickness; this was long and painful,
the result of rheumatism and consumption. The end came June 29th, 1906. He died in
the faith of his parents. He was a member of the Catholic church. Levi must have
lived a strenuous life with a family to support that would have taxed the ability of
any man. He cared for them and secured and paid for a home of his own. His daughter,
Jennie, writes me frankly, "He was a good husband and kind father, a good worker and
a good provider. His only fault was he got on a spree once in a while. He was a man
that was handy at all work, mason work, digging wells, carpentering, farming, in fact,
a good all round man. " Surely we can commend a comrade who, without any education
but with a genius for hard and varied work, could do so well and accomplish so much.
Let us judge charitably of his "only fault." His wife, Julia, survives him and resides
in Richford.

JOSEPH KIDDER

was born in Enosburg, Vt., September 22nd, 1841, brought up on a farm and educated
in the common schools of the state. At the opening of the Civil War in the spring of
1861 Joseph Kidder and his brother. James, were carrying on a small farm in their
native town. The call of President Lincoln in the summer of 1862 for 300,000 voUmteers
to serve nine months was considered by this loyal son of Vermont personal and one
that he was in duty bound to accept and at once freely offered his services, signed
the enlistment roll and joined Company G, 13th Vermont Volunteers. He served his term
and was mustered out at Camp Lincoln, Brattleboro, Vt.. July 21, 1863. He returned
home and for a short time resumed farming and then went out West, remaining some

Biographical and Historical of Company G. 621

two years and came back home. On the 29th of November, 1870, married Caroline B.
Hatch ot Fairfield, Vt. To them was born two sons, Lorenzo, James and Harley
Nathaniel. Lorenzo resides in Waltham, Mass., and Harley Nathaniel in Enosburg,
yt. Comrade Kidder died at Enosburg March 11th, 188.5, and is buried in his native
\°^^- . ]^ ^^Aow survives and makes her home with her sons. In the winter of
18b,J at Camp Wolf Run Shoals our deceased comrade contracted disease of the
lungs from which he never fully recovered. The strenuous service of the winter
ot ,1863 and the Gettysburg campaign was too much for young Kidder's rather deli-
cate constitution and hence he died long before his time.

This upright, zealous and patriotic young man was an excellent soldier, faithful
honorable and true, discharging his full measure of duty on all occasions He was
generous, kind hearted, loyal to friends and just to his country— a noble example of
sacrifice for the preservation ot the Union he loved and served. His comrades that
knew him best since the war say he was an indulgent husband and father and an
honorable citizen. He died respected and is missed. May this tribute to the
memory of a valiant soldier of the Republic be an inspiration to defend home
and native land, to the lovers of freedom and justice. See page of this book 304.

August, 1909.

R. O. S.
JAMES McENANY

was one of the Bakersfleld quota in Company G. As a soldier he acquitted himself

well, he was neither a coward nor a shirk. So tar as known, he never married.

When last heard from he was living in Chicago keeping a saloon which has been

his occupation much of the time since the war. The writer can get no response
to letters sent to Chicago.

JOHN McMAHON.
R. O. STURTEVANT,

My Dear Comrade: I have read your notice through and will try to tell you
something of myself and at least say a word in appreciation of work you are doing
so well. I am no literary character and ray memory fails me when I sit alone
away from my comrades and try to put anything on paper; but if I was able to meet
with them once again and talk over old times I could recall things that occurred
which now escape my memory. Thirty-three years is about the lifetime of an
ordinary man and If by reason of great strength we are some of us spared to the
allotted age of three score and ten years the most of us get there with an impaired
memory.

I was born in Bakersfleld, Vt., my parents were Hugh McMahon and Bridget
Owens. I enlisted in Company G, 13th Regiment, Veimont Volunteer Infantry, as a
private in 1862. Company G was known as the Bakersfleld company. I went with
the boys to Enosburg, Vt., where we elected officers for the company. We went
into camp at Brattleboro, Vt., the last of September, 1862, and were mustered in
by Major Austine. In a day or two we got our guns and felt as though we were
equipped in great style. We staid in Brattleboro until October 11th, as I remember
it, when we started for Washington. While at Brattleboro we had a wrestling
match one evening, when I threw 17 men. We wrestled the old fashioned "collar
and elbow" hold. I have won several hard contests at wrestling since then; but
then and even now when I think of it, that evening seems to be the best work I
ever did in that line.

When we first got to Washington we were brigaded with two New Jersey regi-
ments and, I think, the 12th Vermont but soon an order was read to us that brigaded
the Vermont troops together. I remember the pleasure with which we heard the
order. We went from Washington to Camp Vermont and from there to Fairfax
Court House. We heard that it was warm there before we went South, but the
snow came at Camp Vermont earlier thaji it came in Vermont that year. While
we were at Fairfax Court House Stuart's Cavalry came down near us and we could
see their camp fires at night. We expected trouble. Some of the men in Company
G of the 12th 'Vermont under a captain, if I recollect. Captain Ormsbee, went up there to
see what they were doing but they were all gone. We went down to Wolf Run Shoals
and our regiment and the 12th Vermont were together. Colonel Blunt ot the 12th had
charge of us. He was a worker and we had the hardest and meanest work we
ever did. We had to lay corduroy road from the Shoals to Fairfax station to get
our supplies into camp and through the company streets and dig rifle pits down by
the Occoquan to protect the ford. We were sick here with malaria and colds.

After that the 13th Regiment went down on the Occoquan and some of the
13th and a couple of supplv wagons got gobbled up by Mosby while on the way
to Fairfax station for supplies. Mosby hung around some before that and got
General Stoughton at Fairfax Court House. He was three miles from his troops

^^--2 The Thirteenth Regiment J'ennont Volunteers

and had a small guard. Of course that is all history now; Mosby came in the night
and quietly took him away. Stoughton had 14 horses himself and Mosby got forty
in all. We heard that President Lincoln said that he could make another brigadier
general but that the horses cost him $12.5 apiece.

The boys were disgusted with the General for getting gobbled up so foolishly
and said the reason he had his headquarters so far from camp was because he
enjoyed female society so well, but I don't know. After that General Stannard
was appointed our brigadier general and we went to Gettysburg. We started June
2.5th. While on the march we passed a house where officers were assembled
at dinner. We privates could not get in. I was a pretty good forager and got
into the window with the help of one of the ladies in the house. I then bought
and handed out stuff to the boys. They had about 50 canteens full of whiskey and
a lot of food. I did not get out until dark and did not know where my company
was until I heard an officer call out an order to a squad and knew his voice and went
to my place in camp. The first of the fight at Gettysburg our brigade was at Em-
mitsburg and the first gun of the battle was fired before we got there. I had not
been detailed much to guard duty but now I was sent out on the skirmish line.
I went out and got in behind some rails in the corner where they crossed. I had
scarcely got in position when a bullet fired from the front in the rifle pit grazed
my face. I hugged the ground pretty close I can tell you, but the Johnny was after
me and kept shooting. He shot over, but the bullets came awful close to me. There
was a Buck Tail who laid .lust behind me, out of range, who saw how I was fixed
and called, "Hold on, lie close, Til help you out." The rebels charged and I got out of it.

On the morning of July 2nd, 1863, we knew we had got to fight. We went up
with Randall and drove out a Georgia regiment and saved a battery belonging to
the United States and brought away the guns. Randall's horse was shot on that
charge. The third day we had to form a line under a heavy fire. I thought my time
had come. Then the charge on Pickett's men was a hard place. I understand that
the history of the fight says that "the only troops operating on Pickett's right flank
were the troops of General Stannard's 'Vermont Brigade." So the people can all
read it better than I can write it. A soldier is an atom of the machine. He must
keep his place, he must do his duty. He knows that he is now in position and his
only chance for life is to keep in position, become a part of the whole and attract as
little attention as he can. This I tried to do and I can't tell much about it. I was
busy. They said that some of the boys during the heavy cannonading went to sleep.
I did not but 1 wanted to. Well, I lived, I got my discharge and am now living on
a farm in Vermont in the town of Bakersfield with my brother, Thomas, awaiting
the call of the long roll when t shall be m\istered out. The government has been
good to me and I am not in need.

I have in my room the belt for the world's champion collar and elbow wrestler,
hut I can do no wrestling now; the malaria of the Occoquan has settled in my bones
and I am disabled by rheumatism. Now, Comrade Sturtevant, in a general way
I have done as well as I could and with the kindest wishes and tenderest remembrance
for the old fellows who went over the ground with me in 1862 and 1863 I will close.

JOHN McMAHON.
East Fairfield, Vt., April ISth, 1905.

This man was known for his great strength and after the war he became the
champion wrestler of the world, wearing the belt for several years. After the
company had captured one of the guns of the regular battery and was slowly drawing
it up the slojie out of the valley of Plum Run, Lieutenant Clarke, relieved McMahon
and five or six others of their rifles, carrying them himself, so that they could
better push the cannon. When they reached the top of the ridge, McMahon, in
taking his rifle back, slapped the officer on the shoulder and said, "By thunder.
Lieutenant, you ought to be a brigadier general!" At latest reports McMahon was
still living in Bakersfield, though not in the best of health. When the sporting
world rang with his praises his comrades were glad to say that he had a prouder
distinction as a gallant soldier.

(By a comrade who saw and heard.)

HENRY AND JOEL McNALL.

They were brothers, sons of William McXall and Polly Farnsworth. Their parents
were industrious, honest and respectable farmers in Enoshurg. Their sons were
brought up on the farm and received such an education as the public schools could
give them. The writer taught school in their district and was their teacher for
a time. I knew them well. They were approaching young manhood and were
industrious and faithful students and respected by their fellows. When the war
broke out they had reached man's estate and were quick to respond to their country's

Biographical and Historical of Companv G. 623

call. They enlisted September llth, 1862, In Enosburg and became members of
Company G, 13th Vermont. They remained In the service till their time expired
and were discharged with their regiment. They excelled in soldierly virtues They
were obedient, trusty and faithful. They were no shirks; they did cheerfully the many
distasteful duties incident to a soldiers' life. They were strong to resist the tempta-
tions so common in the army before which many go down to their ruin At Gettys-
burg they acquitted themselves with great credit. They were as brave as the
bravest, as cool as the coolest. They were blessed with length of days Both
however, have received their final discharges. Henry was a successful farmer in
Westford, Vt., Joel also was a farmer in his native town, Enosburg.

Henry McNall was born June 6th, 1840. In stature he was six feet, erect and well
proportioned. His large frame easily covered the 225 pounds weight of later years.
After his discharge he was very sick for a year. After regaining his health he was
very well till a few months before his death. The disease which proved fatal was
sugar diabetes. He passed away February 23rd, 1902, and was buried in Brooksidt
Cemetery in Westford, Vt. A large circle of friends mourn his loss. Soon after the
war he settled upon a farm in Westford. Here he lived and prospered. His heart
was won by Elvira Dunlap of Westford whom he married February 2nd, 1869.
Children and grandchildren came to him and he rejoiced in them all. He valued
religious influence for his family and regularly accompanied his wife and children
to church on Sunday. His marriage was blessed by five children. Their names
were Harry G., Myrtle H., George W., Bertha E., Sadie A. and Prankie. Harry owns
the home farm in Westford and has four children. Myrtle died in 1903. George is
a farmer in Westford and has two sons. Bertie is married and lives in Fairfax.
Sadie is married and lives in Essex, Vt. Frankie died in childhood.

Henry's funeral bespoke the love and esteem he received from friends and
neighbors. Pour clergymen were present, several adjoining towns sent representa-
tives. His three brothers and two sons were bearers. From a clipping in a news-
paper I quote. "He bore his sickness and suffering with great patience. He will
be greatly missed in this and many adjoining towns, being a good citizen and a
kind and obliging neighbor, while his genial and pleasant manner made him many
friends. He was a devoted father and grandfather. '

Joel McNall was born in 1842 in Enosburg. In this town he lived and died. He
did not marry till late in life. In the fall of 1890 he married Emma Tracy Of Enos-
burg. Pour children survive him, Eva, Lottie, Ella and William. He was a worthy and
respected citizen. In August, 1903, he went to his reward. He received the sacra-
ment of his church a short time before his death. His widow with her children
occupy the old homestead in Enosburg. See page of this book 310-

WARD G. PIPER,

In the death of Ward G. Piper we lament one of the noblest of the noble band
of men in Company G. After a brief illness from .gastric ulcer he died October 19th,
1905, in his home at West Rutland. For details of his life 1 refer to his personal
sketch. Something should be added, for his modesty prevented him from saying
much we would like to know. I knew him well as a boy in Bakersfleld. His father,
an able and godly man, was my pastor during my childhood. Ward was a playful,
mischievous boy, but guileless as country boys ought to be. At the beginning of
the war he was but a lad of 18, but during that first year of conflict boys developed
Into men very rapily. At 19 he was zealous to serve his country and enlisted into
the ranks as a soldier. He was faithful, dutiful, brave and loyal — a Christian
soldier. As a comrade he was kind and generous, ready to lend a hand, full of
sympathy and help for the sick, a good talker and the best of company. He added
much to the social life of the company. At Gettysburg he acquitted himself nobly.
After his honorable discharge we separated and did not meet again for thirty years.
At the grand encampment in Boston we met. Thanks to the thoughtful generosity
of our self-appointed committee of arrangements, we had long talks together during
our excursion to Nantucket and the home of Comrade Clark. I noted quickly his
manly bearing, his growth of character, his worthy life — and his reasons for pride
in his devoted wife and worthy and able children. He had no political ambitions,
he did not aspire to be rich; he was content to live his life out worthily, to do his
work faithfully, be all in all to his family, and to do society what good he could.

Since his death I have received letters from his widow and personal friends
In. West Rutland. From them I learn that Ward united with the Congregational
church at 17 years of age. In 1875 he joined by letter the same church in West
Rutland of which he remained a loyal and constant member until his death. He
held several offices in the church and made a special point in welcoming and caring
for strangers. He was a member of the Free Masons and of the Grand Army, in
both of which he had held important offices. At his funeral the Grand Army post
had charge of the services at the house and the Free Masons at the grave. He was

624 'J'he Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

highly prized by his employers for efficiency and faithfulness. He was public
spirited to a marked degree. His love of flowers was a marked characteristic, and
they responded to his skilful and loving care. He was generous in using them as
mementoes of sympathy and affection. His last sickness was a noble witness to
the reality of his faith. His widow writes me, "Ward was only sick a week. At
times we talked together. He made arrangements for his funeral and planned every-
thing out for me in the way of our affairs and when the end came, told me he was
so happy and all was well with him. He was a good father, a loyal husband and a
faithful Christian. Home was all in all to him."

Again this sorrow stricken woman is bereaved. Five months to a day after
the death of her husband her eldest born, William H. Piper, followed his father to
the land of the blessed. He was an architect, a young man of great promise. She
has remaining, to cheer her in her age, one daughter, Sara, a teacher of marked
a,blllty. and Charles, a worthy son residing In West Rutland. May the peace that
passeth understanding abide with her in her shadowed home.

A PERSONAL SKETCH

I was born at Weathersfield. Windsor county, Vt., December 18th, 182, was
oldest son of Rev. Caleb W. and Sarah M. (Tucker) Piper. My grand-
father, Waldo Tucker, served as ensign in the War of 1812-14. My uncle. Major
Simeon W. Tucker, served in the Mexican War. I moved with my parents to Bakers-
field, Vt., when eleven years old, was educated at the schools there and at Underhill
Academy, enlisted at Underhill August 19th, 1862, and joined Company G at Bakers-
field September 10th as private. February 5th, 1863, was detailed as flfer in place
of Homer Fletcher, deceased, and served in that capacity the remainder of my term
of service; participated with the regiment in the skirmish at Fairfax Court House
with Stuart's Cavalry and with the regiment in all its various marches and counter-
marches, including the battle of Gettysburg, and was mustered out at Brattleboro
at expiration of my term of service. The first death in Company G was that of
Homer Fletcher. I remember well the morning when Company G fell in, without
arms, and escorted by the drum corps with muffled drums, marched to the hospital
tent where religious services were held. Our hearts were very sad for Comrade
Fletcher was loved by all and we also felt some of those left might have a similar
fate. For me it was particularly sad from the fact that of my own tentmates Fletcher
was dead and the others, .John B. Fassett and Henry Stevens, were sick in the hospital.
I collected all the little keepsakes and other articles belonging to Fletcher to send
to his dear ones at home and went to Washington with Captain White to arrange
to send his remains to Vermont. A few weeks later when the regiment left Camp
Vermont I remained behind with Captain White, who was sick in the hospital, and
who died a few days later. In justice to Captain White let me say that, while he
might not have been all that was to be desired as a company commander, he im-
pressed me as a man who had a very kind heart.

Of the many little incidents of our regimental experiences I would like to mention
one that occurred at Wolf Run Shoals. One beautiful morning we were alarmed by
the beating of the long roll. After we had fallen into line Colonel Randall rode over
in the direction of the 14th Vermont Regiment to learn the cause of the alarm.

After a short time he came back saying that it was caused by a fool

belonging to the 14th who was born just outside of the State of Vermont.

The first gun of the Ijattle was fired before we got there. I have been most of
the time engaged in mechanical pursuits. Was married June 18th, 1874, to Cornelia
L. Howe. Had three children; Sara E., a teacher in the graded school at West
Rutland; William H., an architect in San Francisco; and Charles A., residing in
West Rutland. Am a pensioner at the rate of $8.00 per month. My physical health
is fairly good with the exeption of a slight lameness caused by a dislocation of my
left knee in February, 1903. In fact, I have had much to be thankful for in my life
of 62 years and sincerely wish that all my comrades of the 13th Vermont may
be equally favored. See page 308 for pictures.

WARD G. PIPER.

ISAAC S. RANDALL

was son of George and Emily Randall of Franklin, Vt., enlisted in Bakersfield, was
a good soldier and did his duty. The writer can learn little of him. At the time of
his death he was living in Northfield. He had married but was not living with his
wife. There was some mystery surrounding his death. He was drowned. Possibly
he accidentally fell into the water, some fear he was thrown in by some drunken
companion. We regret that such an untimely end should come to one of our com-
rades who served his country well.

Biographical and Historical of Company G. 625

SOLOMON RUSSELL

•was born in Danville, November 17th, 1842. His parents were Ira Russell
and Laura Heath. They were farmers and Solomon received the usual edu-
cation and training of a farmer's boy. At the early age of 19 he felt it to be his
duty to join his country's defenders. He enlisted September 11th, 1862, at Mont-
gomery, as did his brother, Ira, and with the quota of that town was assigned to
Company G, 13th Vermont Regiment. He was one of the youngest men in the
company, a mere boy, but a good one. He brought to the service of his country a
pure heart, a clean life and a noble purpose. He was a Christian, a member of the
Methodist church, and was not ashamed to let his comrades know where he stood.
He was one of that little band who held prayer meetings in the woods, near by, in
the earlier days of the service and was known often to go alone into the woods to
pray. With him to serve his country was to serve his God. The rough chaffing of his
fellows could not swerve him from duty. During his service in Company G he was
as true and loyal to the Gospel flag as to "old glory." Whatever he was called to
do he did cheerfully and well. He was a light hearted, fun making, pleasant spoken
soldier boy. At Gettysburg he fought with his company during the second and
third days of the battle. He was as cool as the coolest, as brave as the bravest.
He served faithfully till the close of his term of service and received an honorable
discharge. He returned home and remained for a time. His patriotism flared up
anew, and under a call for one year's men he re-enlisted March 20th, 1865, and was
asigned to Company B, 3d Vermont Regiment, and served till the close of the war.

On his return to Montgomery he married the loved one of his choice. Miss H. J.
Russell, September 4th, 1865. His occupation has been that of farmer. He resided
some years in Montgomery, six years in Minnesota and 20 years in New Hampshire.
His present residence is Hillsboro Bridge (Goshen Mills), N. H. He has been blessed
with four children; all are living and well married: Byron Russell, Gorham, N. H.;
Charles Russell, Heniker, N. H.; Georgia, wife of S. J. Pike, Goshen, N. H.

With advancing years his health is broken and he can do little work but his
faith Is strong and bright as ever. After his second enlistment some of his Company
G comrades learned that he had made shipwreck of his faith and were saddened by
it. They will be glad to read an extract from a letter he wrote to the author of this
sketch: "I think I have done as well as I could for myself. I was called a gofljd
soldier and I did what I believed to be duty to my country. You spoke of my giving
up my religion. I did get discouraged for a short space of time. But, thank God,
I started anew in a few months after. A little while after our marriage my wife
and I attended a religious service and heard a powerful sermon on the text, 'Blessed
is the Man that Walketh Not in the Counsel of the Ungodly, &c., &c.' The text rang in
my ears. I was reclaimed, began anew my religious life. My wife and I went home
and erected the family altar and it never has fallen since, the fire is still burning.
The good old book is a lamp to my feet and a light to my pathway. My children
were brought up under the influence of prayer morning and evening and a blessing
asked at our table. I am still on the old ship. I believe it will sail straight to
Glory." In great feebleness, with trembling hand and palpitating heart, he penned
me the above. It is better than a sketch. Would that we all may have as strong
assurance of faith as we face the final muster out.

ELEAZER RUSHFORD

was the son of Joseph Rushford and Isabel Ariel, was born April 4th, 1840, in Sheldon,
Vt. He was of French extraction but was full of love for the land of his birth. His
home, before and since his military service, was Montgomery, Vt. He was a farmer
and left to his family a valuable farm. January 9th, 1868, he married Matilda
Domney. The children by this marriage now living are Lizzie Mae, Alvah A. and
Henry H. Lizzie married Corlis M. Foley and lives in Montgomery Center. Alvah
married Minnie A. Corregan. Henry married Elsie Maynard. Both sons reside in
Montgomery. Since the war he has suffered much from ill health, yet with his
pension of $17.00 which a grateful Republic gave him, he has prospered.

He was a devoted husband and father and a patriotic and useful citizen. In the
fall of 1862 he responded to his country's call and enlisted for nine months at Mont-
gomery and became a member of Company G, 13th Vermont. He completed his
term of service and was discharged with his regiment. As a soldier he was steady,
loyal and faithful. He won the respect and love of his comrades. At Gettysburg
he was cool and brave and acquitted himself with honor. His final muster out
occurred March 10th, 1900, at Montgomery. He died in fellowship with the church
and leaves the blessed memory of a worthy life. His wife survives him and resides
In Montgomery Center. The above facts were furnished me by a daughter, Mrs. C. M.
Foley.

626 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

ARTEMUS ROCKWELL

was a native of West Broome, P. Q. He was of Welch descent and had many of the
sterling virtues of that nationality. His occupation has been that of a farmer. In
this he has prospered. Since the war he has resided in Montgomery and Highgate.
At an early age, in 1846, he married Elizabeth Austin. From this union sprang six
children. Of them only two survive, Lorin, married and a farmer in Montgomery,
and Lester, also married and a farmer in Highgate. He enlisted in the fall of 1862
with the nine months' men and joined Company G. He was one of the older men
in the company and left behind him wife and children. He won and held the respect
of all. He passed away at Highgate May 31, 1904. His wife survives.

HENRY H. STEVENS.

I was the son of S. H. and Elizabeth Stevens and born in Enosburg, May 1st,
1840, attended district and high schools in Enosburg. September 11th, 1862, enlisted
under a call from President Lincoln for 300,000 men for nine months. He had prom-
ised that if the war was not stopped before a stated time he would issue a proclama-
tion freeing the slaves. My neighbors and friends enlisted and I put my name down
with theirs in answer to my country's call. We met at Enosburg Center to choose
the company officers. We drilled and boarded at Spooner's Hotel for about a week
and then went to Bakersfield for about the same length of time. On our way to
Bakersfield we passed Mr. Fay Brigham and as we were passing he said, "Good-bye,
boys, I don't expect to see you again," I asked him if he expected the boys would
kill him before we got back. He was what we called a "copperhead" in those strenu-
ous days. From Bakersfield we went to Brattleboro, where on October 10th, 1862,
we were mustered into the service and soon started for Washington. We stayed
the first nights in a place called, as I remember, "The Soldiers' Retreat," nearby
the Capitol building, and then pitched our tents on East Capitol Hill.

Others will tell of what happened at the different camps and of Colonel Randall's
march with his boys to Union Mills. I remember well one interesting incident that
happened while at Camp Widow Violet. I, with about twenty other boys, were
picketing along the Occoquan river in June, about the 11th. We saw troops on the
other side of the river. We called to them, asking what troops they were, and found
that they were of the Army of the Potomac We crossed over to them in ferryboats,
Colonel Randall going with us. We moved back to our post and saw them place
the pontoon bridges and the array crossed on this and at the fords on their march to
Gettysburg. We broke camp and followed them, crossing the Potomac at Edward's
Ferry, a march of seven days to the battlefield of Gettysburg. The battle and its
results are recorded. Some of Company G boys stole a cheese from the sutler, who had
an officer search the regiments. He searched all but Company G. He said that Com-
pany G did not know enough to steal cheese, and so passed by.

At the battle of Gettysburg, as we charged the rebels, about fifty of them stopped
under cover of a house and barn. As we came to the buildings they ran for the
woods a little way back. The Colonel said,"Halt!" twice, without effect. Then he

very emphatically said, "G d d n you boys, stop that running." They stopped,

threw down their guns and came back prisoners. My father, Samuel H. Stevens,
and grandfather, Samuel Stevens, and great-grandfather, Oliver Stevens, are buried
in the cemetery here at Enosburg Center, marked on each tombstone. I married
Cornelia, daughter of Stephen T. and Olive Anderson. My wife died in 1890, leaving
two children, Mabel M. and Irving H. Stevens.

HENRY H. STEVENS.

IRA ALDEN SMITH.

My parents, who were Asa Smith and Amanda Taylor, though American born,
for a time resided in Dunham, Que., Canada, where I was born April .5th, 1839, but
removed to Montgomery, Vt., in 1844. I received a public school education. In early
manhood I learned the trade of carpenter, the trade of my father, and was at work
at my trade when I enlisted. Since the war I have been both architect and builder
and have resided in Chicago and in East Berkshire, my present home. My wife,
Amelia, and I have had three children, Leon and Leroy, twin sons, they are com-
mercial travelers; and Maud, now Mrs. A. H. Seaver, and residing in Taftsville. My
health is poor and am unable to attend the reunions of the regiment. I enlisted at
Montgomery September 11th, 1862, for the period of nine months and became a
member of Company G. I will relate some incidents of the war.

When we had orders, about June 25th, 1863, to break camp and overtake and
join the 1st Corps, many thought we were starting for home. I was in poor health
but succeeded in remaining with the company. But as I was half sick I was allowed
to march as I pleased, so did not march any of the time with my company. After
a day or two I noticed the boys began to throw away their cartridges and the night

Biographical and Historical of Company G. 627

before reaching Gettysburg the boys of some regiment in front of us must have
thrown away nearly all they had left as they were scattered along the ground. About
the middle of the afternoon I succeeded in running onto General Stannard. I saluted
and told him what I had noticed and, pointing toward Gettysburg where we could
see smoke and hear cannonading, I told him "we are in bad shape to meet the rebs."
Then a smart aide asked to see my cartridge box. I lifted the flap, it was full. The
General very soon called a halt and ordered up ammunition and all cartridge boxes
were filled. On July 2nd one of General Howard's Dutch regiments gave way and
were falling back on us. Colonel Randall swore at them awfully, as I suppose he
was afraid we would break also, but soon the order came to fill a gap they had
made and we started on the run, like wild Indians. Just here the Colonel's horse
was shot dead and fell so as to catch his left leg and pin him to the ground; some
fellows caught the horse's head, I seized his tail and we pulled the horse over so the
Colonel's leg was freed. He jumped up and ran out in front and cried, "Come on
boys, all right." I wonder he did not get shot by his own boys. He soon saw he
was out of his place, lowered his head and walked to his position. We chased the
rebs half a mile over their own ground and took some of their guns besides recaptur-
ing our battery. I went as one of the guard to the rear with the prisoners and some
of them told me that the yelling of our boys led them to think that a great re-inforce-
ment had come up to help us and they broke and ran. I was in the third day's flght
with the rest.

IRA A. SMITH.
East Berkshire, Vt.

This comrade has favored us with a sketch. Born in Canada, he chose
Vermont as his home. His residence in the Windy City, where he labored as
architect and contractor for some time, did not wean him from the Green Mountain
State. He returned to his first love, Vermont, contented to spend his old age within
her borders. He was a good soldier, faithful in duty and brave in action. He
acquitted himself with great credit at Gettysburg. He was a genial, pleasant com-
panion and helpful and kind to his comrades. In the feebleness of age we wish him well
and the satisfaction of a life well spent.

MAJOR B. SMITH

was the son of Asa Smith and Amanda Taylor. His parents were natives of Vermont
but emigrated to Canada and settled in St. Armand. In this place Major was born
July 27th, 1822. He received such a practical education as the public schools could
give him. In due time he reversed the course pursued by his parents and emigrated
to Vermont. His trade was that of his father, that of a carpenter and joiner. Not
till October 2nd, 1880 did he take to himself a wife, Lucy A. Smith. From this union
came four children, Jane, Hurlbut, Albion and Lillie. Hurlbut resides in Enosburg
and Albion in Norwich, Conn.

His wife died in 1888 but his daughter, Jane, remained with him and continued
his housekeeper till July 4th, 1906, when she died suddenly. Two days before this
death Truman Hurlbut, the husband of his daughter, Lillie, died in Springfield, Mass.
Lillie, being childless, returned to her father's and now cares for him in his old age.
Major belonged to a patriotic family. Five brothers served in the Union army. His
brother, Ira, belonged to Company G, three others served in other regiments. One
of them died in Llbby Prison.

Since the war our comrade has resided in Enosburg. His military record is a
worthy one. When the call for nine months' men came, he was quick to respond.
He was past forty and one of the oldest men among the volunteers. He enlisted
September 10th, 1862, and became a member of Company G, 13th Vermont. At heart
he was as young as the youngest. As a comrade he was genial, kind and helpful.
He was faithful in the discharge of every duty and served his country well. At
Gettysburg he received a wound in the abdomen which made a semi-invalid and
gave him a pension. But it did not shorten his life. At the advanced age of 84 his
handwriting shows no tremor of age.

I take pleasure in adding a short sketch sent me by his (then) lieutenant.
Colonel Albert Clarke. "Major B. Smith — This man was a carpenter in Enosburg.
Not being very tall his position was near the left of the company. His name was some-
times the occasion of the joke. For instance, when there was a dispute as to which was
In command of the regiment. Captain Boynton, who had not received his commission
as major, or Captain Lonergan, who claimed by rank. Smith is said to have remarked
that 'nothing but modesty kept him from claiming command, as he was the only
and original 'Major' present.' " In the field south of Cemetery Hill when under
artillery fire on the second day he met with a narrow escape. Suddenly he nearly
doubled up and turning to Lieutenant Clarke he said, "I'm killed. My bowels are
all coming out." The officer pulled his hands from his stomach and saw that there

628 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

was no blood but that his belt clasp was doubled up like a fist. On opening his
clothing there was seen to be no break of his skin but redness and swelling that
indicated a hard blow. The lieutenant congratulated him that his belt plate had
saved his life and excused him from duty as he was evidently severely hurt. A
chronic tenderness of the diaphragm resulted for which he was pensioned but,
though an invalid, he has enjoyed length of days.

EDMUND L. VINCENT.

I was born in Hudson, N. Y., August 2nd, 1845. My parents were Ira Vincent
and Sophia (Stanley) Vincent. My father was a farmer and country sttore merchant.
I was educated at Cook's Corner, P. Q., St. Armand, P. Q., and Franklin, Vt. My
occupation has been, before and since the war, a carpenter and joiner. I married
Ellen Harvey and the result of this happy union was Clarence B., Cora B., who
married L. E. Pulton, and Chloe A., who married Arnold O. Bell. I have three grand-
children, Ruth M. and Bessie D. Tatrow and Lester Vincent. I enlisted August,
1862, from Enosburg, Vt., and joined Company G, called the Bakersfleld company.

I re-enlisted and was assigned to another company but do not recall date of last en-
listment. I was in the battle of Gettysburg. A short time before the battle of Gettys-
burg was detailed and sent to a Rhode Island battery. I was on the left during the fight
near Little Round Top. The battery in which I served had a hot time during the battle.
I was glad of a chance to take part in firing the cannon. It was music most all the time.
It is better service than infantry. I was discharged about a month after the battle
of Gettysburg. I have ever been proud and thankful that I volunteered and joined
Company G of the "old 13th Regiment." We had the best kind of an officer in
Colonel F. V. Randall. I would like to see the survivors of Company G and hope
I may before I am finally mustered out.

EDMUND L. VINCENT.

HENRY WELLMAN

was a native of Montgomery, Vt., the home of his parents, Kendrick and Orvilla
(Scott) Wellman. He first saw the light September 17th, 1836. He was educated
in the schools of Montgomery and learned the trade of a blacksmith. In the summer
of 1862 he heard his country's call and enlisted as one of the quota of his native
town for the term of nine months and became a member of Company G. He was
a typical blacksmith and became a fine soldier. Tall, erect, muscular and full of
sinewy strength, he marched — a commanding figure near the head of his company.
He was big hearted, kind, genial and helpful. His habits were good and a man to
be trusted. He commanded the respect and love of his comrades. He was in the
thick of the fight at Gettysburg and acquitted himself with honor. He served his
country faithfully till his term expired and he was discharged with his regiment
July 21st, 1863.

Returning home he resumed work at the anvil and bellows. Again he heard and
heeded his country's call and re-enlisted January 16th, 1865, in Company A, 9th Regiment
Vermont. He was present with his regiment at the fall of Richmond, April 3rd,
1865. He was honorably discharged at Portsmouth, Va., December 1st, 1865. He
again took up his trade and worked at it as he was able the rest of his life. During
his last army service he suffered much from sickness which left him with an
enfeebled constitution. The government rewarded him with a pension. After the
war he made his home at Newfane, Vermont. Here he married Mrs. Alice M. Clapp.
The fruits of this union were three children, Hugh Henry, Ruth Rosette, Marcus
Ray. The writer is assured Henry was a devoted husband, a kind and loving father
and honored and respected by all. He departed this life February 6th, 1902. Henry's
widow, Alice, is again happily married to a veteran, a Mr. Pierce, resides in Newfane
and provides a home for the above children. Marcus Ray is but ten years old.

ALBERT WELLS.

He was both a Christian and a patriot. With a family to support and a farm
to till, at the age of 39 years he felt it to be his duty to serve his country in the
war. Being older than most of his comrades, they respected and honored him. They
were quick to recognize his sterling worth as a man, his loyalty to duty as a soldier
and his good work as a follower of Christ. His eminent fitness to minister to the
Bick was soon recognized and he was called to service in the hospital where he
soothed many a dying pillow, received from them messages and tokens of love to
sorrowing friends in the home land, while by his tender ministry he won back to
health many a discouraged, heartsick as well as body sick comrade. He took back to
bis family and friends the same honesty and uprightness with which he left them.
Brownlngton did well in honoring him with all the offices within her gift. He lived

Biographical and Historical of Company G. 629

and died in fellowship -with the Baptist church. He was a kind and loving father
and husband. His influence for good lives in his two surviving children, his four
grandchildren and his four great-grandchildren, who are the children of Hattie Denison
Leland. He wore the Grand Army button and his post paid him loving tribute
at his funeral.

Albert Wells, son of Samuel and Lydia (Bliss) Wells, was born in Enosburg,
Vt., July 25th, 1823, died January 2nd, 1903, in Brownington, Vt. He married Aurelia
Whitcomb, who died May 6th, 1897. Later he was married to her sister, Harriet
(WhitcomlD) Andrus, who still survives him. He had three children, two sons and
one daughter. The youngest son, Franklin B. Wells, died December 30th, 1904. The
eldest son, Edgar S. Wells, resides in Brownington, Vt. The daughter, Cynthia
(Wells) Denison, resides in Barton Landing, Vt. Both are prosperous farmers.

Albert Wells enlisted in Company G, 13th Vermont Volunteers from Enosburg.
He was a farmer and his family were dependent upon him for support, but when the
country called for nine months' men he responded and, bidding good-bye to family
and friends, committing them into the hands of his Heavenly Father, went forth
in defence of his country. Before he left his native town he engaged his shoe maker
to make him a pair of boots, putting his name on them, but when he reached
Virginia he found they hurt his feet and he threw them away. Imagine his surprise
when, on his return to Brattleboro to be mustered out of service at the end of nine
months, to find in the barracks just occupied by the 12th Regiment the identical
boots that he had thrown away in Virginia. Soon after reaching Virginia his cousin, Joel
Bliss, was taken sick and he was detailed to go into the hospital to care for him, which he
faithfully did until Joel passed over the river, which was but a few days, but they saw
lit to keep him in the hospital as a nurse, where he faithfully cared for the sick and dying.
He formed many endearing ties of friendship while there and was wont to speak
often of Doctor Nichols, whom he thought much of. After a time he was afflicted
with a fever and while convalescent he was sent out to act as a guard for a private
family, where he received very kind care and treatment.

After he was mustered out of service he returned to Enosburg and resumed his
former occupation. In the fall that the St. Albans raid took place, he, in company
■with his wife, met this band of robbers in Sheldon and one of the leaders inquired
of him how far it was to the "border" and he replied, "You will find it quite a piece
before you get there," and soon he picked up a revolver that they dropped in their
hot haste. Next he met the pursuers and one without any arms so he loaned him
the revolver- In the fall of 1865 he removed to Brownington, Orleans County, Vt.,
■where he spent the remainder of his life. In 1876 he was elected by his townsmen
to represent the town in the legislature and at different times occupied all of the
responsible oflices in town. Wherever his duty called him in life he faithfully did his
■work in an unselfish manner.

CYNTHIA WELLS DENISON.

FRIEND B. WOODARD.

He was the son of George and Polly Woodard, was born June 1st, 1832, in
Franklin, Vt. He was educated in the district schools of Enosburg and Montgomery.
His vocation before the war was that of a carpenter. Since then he has followed
the same trade. Since the war he has resided in Eden, Vt., and Fort Covington,
N. Y. He now resides at Dickinson Center, N. Y. At Fort Covington he married
Maryetta Fellows. This union has been blessed by two children, George S. Woodard,
now residing in Schenectady, N. H., and Verness S., who is married and lives with
her father.

In the fall of 1862 at Montgomery he enlisted for the term of nine months and
served till his time expired. He has a hospital record and was excused from duty
on account of sickness. It was not his privilege to be in the battle of Gettysburg as
he was at Mt. Pleasant Hospital at the time of the battle. He was no less brave
and patriotic than those who were in the thick of the fight. He was a true and
faithful soldier. His name was Friend — ^he was a friend by nature. He was ever
ready to help a needy or suffering comrade. The three Woodards, Friend and
Hartford, brothers, and Guy, a cousin, did credit to Company G and, I doubt not,
have served their country as faithfully in time of peace as in war. God has blessed
them with length of days.

JOHN WILSON.

was the son of John and Susan Wilson, was born in Newport 1827. He was a car-
penter by trade. After the war he became a farmer and resided in Richford, Vt.
He was twice married, first to Adelia Rowell, second to Louisa Heath. He had six
children of whom four are living. Two reside in Richford, one at Lyndonville and
one in Nova Scotia. In the fall of 1862 he responded to the call of his country and

630 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont J'olunteers

enlisted for nine montlis. He was a good soldier and did his duty well. He was
discharged with his regiment. On his return to Richford he was soon called to
mourn the loss of his first wife. He worked hard to support his large family. He
suvived his second wife. He was honored by being placed upon the pension rolls
of the government. He died August 25th, 1901.

HARTFORD P. WOODARD,

son of George and Polly Woodard, was born in Enosburg, Vt., in the year 1844. Soon
after his birth his parents moved to Montgomery and resided there till their death.
Hartford was brother of Friend Woodard and cousin of Guy Woodard, all of Company
G. The "spirit of '76" must have possessed the Woodards, certainly they were
patriotic soldiers and served their country well. On October 1st, 1862, he enlisted
for a term of nine months in Montgomery and became a member of Company G.
Though only a boy of 18 he rendered his country a good service and was a brave
and faithful soldier and a genial and kind hearted comrade. He bore the hardships
and deprivations of a soldier's life with cheerfulness and courage.

His occupation both before and since the war has been that of a mechanic. He
has resided most of his life in Montgomery. As he could command better wages
at his trade in Connecticut than in Vermont he left his native State and settled
in Forestville, Conn., where he now resides. Hartford and Alvira Patch were united
in marriage in 1866. They lived together for 26 years, when the beloved wife passed
away. After remaining single for two years he took to himself a second wife,
Luthera Woodard. Six children have been born to him; but sorrow has come to
his home as four of them have died. Two survive, Ella M. Sargent, resides in
Johnson, Vt., William M. Woodard, not married, resides in Hartford, Conn. He is
still working at his trade though in later years he has suffered from impaired health.
He now resides in Forestville, Conn.

GUY WOODWARD.

I am the son of Daniel and Ruth Woodward. I was born October 16th, 1838, on a
farm in Enosburg. I enlisted in Enosburg for the term of nine months September
11th, 1862, and joined Company G, 13th Vermont Regiment. After my term expired
I was honorably discharged July 21st, 1863. My occupation has been that of a
farmer both before and after my army service. July 4th, 1864, I married Jane
Martin. Two children were born to us, J. A. and B. O. Woodward. After seven years
my wife died. In 1872 I married Mary George. This union resulted in four children.
Jane E., Emma L., Daniel E. and Clara M. Three of them reside in Enosburg. I
lived in Troy, Vt., for 13 years. Since then I have resided in Enosburg.

A few incidents of my army life occur to me. After going to Washington we
encamped for the first night near the Capitol building, then for a while on East
Capitol Hill and then, crossed the Potomac and encamped at Camp Vermont. Once
I was out three days on picket and came home with haversack full of fresh pork.
I'll not say anything about the sutler's cheese except that I had a good piece of it. At
one time Will Dwyer and I went out foraging. As we were returning we met Colonel
Randall. He asked us what we had under our blouses. I looked around and said,
"Jim has a chicken." and he said to me, "You have the same." May 14th, 1863, I
started with the team from camp for the station. On the way we were surrounded
and captured by the rebels near Mt. Hermon, on the Oxford road. They took us
to Gaipsville where we were paroled by Lieutenant Smith, 4th Virginia Cavalry. The
day following we returned to camp. On the 16th we were sent to Washington to
the new parole camp. On the 27th I joined my regiment and marched with them to
Gettysburg. After pursuing the enemy for two or three days we were detached and
sent to Baltimore and then to Brattleboro where we were mustered out of service.

GXJY WOODWARD.
JOHN TAGUE.

He was born in Fairfield, Vt., but enlisted from the town of Bakersfield in
September, 1862, and was a member of Company G. He was one of the younger boys
and was lively and full of fun, ready for a scrap at all times. His father and mother
were Irish and he was Irish too and genuine 'Yankee just the same. He was proud
of his descent and claimed old Ireland was the land from which sprang the best
material for soldiers. It is true that Comrade Tague was a first class fellow and
soldier, none better in Company G, honest and never stole hens or milked cows when
on the picket line except when hungry and short of rations. He had a genial dispo-
sition, humorous and trite in his conversation. At the battle of Gettysburg he
acquitted himself with honor. He manifested no fear and exposed his person with
reckless daring. He was seriously wounded, a minnie ball passing through both legs

Biographical and Historical of Company G. 631

above the knees, but he recovered and returned to his home and recovered so as
to be able to labor. He married the sister of John McMahon, the noted shoulder
and elbow wrestler and to them were born several children, all good wrestlers. He
Btill survives and his home is in East Fairfield, Vt. His old comrades are always
welcome.

JOSEPH W. WARNER.

This was a tall, strong man with a slight stoop and very thick, dark hair and full
beard. When Lieutenant Clarke came to the company Warner applied to him for
the privilege of doing his chores for compensation and instruction and an arrange-
ment was made. Soon Warner confessed his inability to write and asked the
lieutenant to write for him to his wife. The lieutenant expressed his surprise and
asked Warner how It happened that he had been reared in Vermont and could not
write. Warner replied that, although he was cousin to Colonel James M. Warner
of the 11th Vermont (a graduate of West Point and, after the war, post-master of
Albany, N. Y.), , their fathers were different. Jim's father favored education and
Joe's father did not, but kept him in the woods chopping. Clarke offered to teach
him and the offer was eagerly accepted and he made good progress.

On the march to Gettysburg, after passing Frederick, Md., an order was issued
to take the officers' baggage from the wagons to relieve the jaded horses and burn it
to prevent its falling into the hands of the enemy. After the march was resumed Clarke
saw Warner carrying his valise and his heart was touched, but he assumed stern-
ness, told Warner that he was violating orders and commanded him to throw his burden
away. Warner pleaded so hard that he was permitted to carry it until they could
leave it at the house of some loyalist. Soon, however, there came along a wagon
driven by Warren Corse, a member of Company G, and when the story was told to
him he took in the valise and saved it.

On the third day at Gettysburg, after the regiment had advanced to meet Pickett,
a shell struck Warner's cartridge box and carried it away. The impact threw him
to the ground and as he rolled over Lieutenant Clarke said, "Try to get up, Warner,
I guess you are not hurt." Warner felt of his right hip and coming to his feet,
replied, "Wal, I vow, I guess I ain't, but I've lost my cartridge box." He soon
obtained one, however, from a man who had fallen, and was loading his rifie when
a bullet passed across the front of his legs midway above the knees, cutting the
flesh about one-half its size. He dropped his rifle, placed his hands over the wounds
and in that stooping attitude loped to the rear, without objection. After getting out
of range he examined his injuries and, finding they were only slight, returned to
the front, explaining that he would rather be with the boys than looking out for
himself.

Some years after the war Lieutenant Clarke went to Montgomery to attend a
political meeting and availed of the occasion to hunt up the old boys. He was told
that Warner re-entered in the 17th Vermont and never returned and was recorded
as a deserter. Clarke could not believe that such a man would desert so he deter-
mined to look up the facts. Warner's widow told him that a law firm in
St. Albans had been trying to get evidence but a fire destroyed their papers and
they were unable to proceed. Clarke learned from them that they had heard of a
man who claimed to have seen Warner in Fredericksburg, Va., just after the battle
of the Wilderness, suffering from a severe wound and a high fever, but that they
had lost his name and address in the fire. Mrs. Warner had an impression that the
man was once employed in St. Johnsbury. Following this clue Clark found him and
obtained his affidavit which was to the effect that while hunting for a friend among
the thousands of wounded who had been brought to Fredericksburg he saw Warner,
whom he had formerly known, suffering as above related, and Warner told him that
while driving cattle in rear of the army, in pursuance of orders, the guard had been
overpowered by a strong body of rebel cavalry and that after some delay and great
suffering he had been picked up by an ambulance and brought to Fredericksburg.
The man also testified that when he next called to see Warner he was pointed to
his grave.

Upon the strength of this evidence, accusing as it did, with the fact that Warner
had been thus detailed and that such a raid had occurred, Clarke was able to get
the War Department to correct the record because the record of desertion was not
made from any evidence, but in pursuance of a standing order that when a soldier
was absent unaccounted for two months he was to be dropped from the rolls as a
deserter. The result of this correction was not only a vindication of the good name
of a brave and faithful soldier, but the recovery by his widow and four 'minor
children of pay and pension, the arrears of which were more than $1800.

ALBERT CLARKE.

632 '1 he Thirteenth Regiment I'ennont J'oliinteers

SUMNER WARNER.

I was born May 18th, 1835, and enlisted September 10th, 1862, and counted on
the quota ot Bnosburg, Vt., and joined the Baliersfleld company which was Company
G. I was brought up as a farmer and my education was in the old district school,
and but little of that. The call for 300,000 men for nine months was made and I at
once began to consider if I could go for that time and leave my family and business. I
was building a house, just raised and enclosed, and was very anxious to fix up a
house to live in. Thomas Snell and Albert Wells came to see if I would not go
with them in same company. I finally said I would, one of us to go from the east
part of the town. Five of us, all heads of families, agreed to enlist, namely, Thomas
T. Snell, Albert Wells, John S. Hayes and myself. We all served our term and
returned to our homes and 27 years afterward we were all alive, happy and thankful
that we volunteered and joined Company G, 13th Regiment, Vermont Volunteers.
I have been twice married. My first wife was May C. Smith and my second Armanda
S. Miles. I have four children, all girls and all married; Mrs. Nelliie A. Cushman,
Lyndonville, Center, Vt.; Nellie M. Salman, West Burke, Vt.; Flora B. Chesley,
Sheffield, Vt., and Nora C. Cowling, St. Johnsbury, Vt.

I recall an army incident while at Wolf Run Shoals, Va., down the Occoquan
river, in charge of Lieutenant Albert Clarke. It was a dark night and the detail
was fearful that Mosby and his bush whacking band was lurking across the river
to find a place to cross. We built no fires and silently watched and waited for them
to conie. Our guns were loaded of course and we were ready to fire at sight of
any one on the other side.

On the last day of the fight at Gettysburg, in the forenoon, I was one that volun-
teered to go out between the lines in plain sight of the rebel sharpshooters and
cannonaders and build a breastwork out of common fence rails. Lieutenant Clarke
called for volunteers and Sergeant George H. Scott jumped up and said, "I will be
one," and then others from Company G, Corporal Hitchcock, Oakley Brigham, the
rest I do not remember their names. Quite a number from the other companies
joined and we did a good job and quickly, too, for the bullets and shells made us
hurry. A bullet hit a rail being carried on the shoulder of Fernando C. Willett
that brought him to the ground, rail and all, but it did him no harm. It was a hot
place to be in and we were glad when it was through with. I came out of the battle
all right and returned home, completed my house, and have never been sorry I
enlisted. I had a brother in the same company, Joseph W. Warner, he was born
on the same day and he and I are twins but I do not remember or know which saw
daylight first. SUMMER WARNER.

ELI TRUDELL

was the son of James and Mary Trudell, was born in Enosburg, Vt., April 28th, 1844.
His parents were French and lived on a farm. His occupation before and since
the war has been that of farming. He belongs to the goodly number of Company G
who went West and settled, leaving Vermont in 1865. He lived in Illinois eight
years, after which he settled in Kansas. His present residence is Clay Center, Kan.
As a soldier he has a fine record. He enlisted September 11th in Montgomery and
became a member ot Company G. He served faithfully till the expiration ot his
term. We remember him as one of the boys ot our company, 18 years of age, small
of stature, five feet four inches, dark of complexion, light of weight. He loved his
country and served her well. He was a good natured, kind hearted comrade and
won the respect of all. With his company he was actively engaged in the battle of
Gettysburg and fought bravely.

He has been married twice, first in 1866, secondly, in 1879, to Ada B. Goodwin. In
one respect he has been patriotic beyond his comrades. He has giiven to his country
nine children — James, Laura, Guy, Charles, Louisa, Harry, Ethel, Frank and Joseph.
All are living and reside in Kansas save James, who lives in North Dakota. None
are married save Laura, who married Asa Killen. Eli and his wife are both living
and enjoying together a comfortable old age.

FERNANDO CORTEZ WILLETT

I am asked to give a sketch ot our lamented Comrade Fernando Cortez Willett.
I am glad to pay this tribute to my life long friend. By blood he was my first cousin,
but I loved him as a brother. Our love for each other was like unto that of Damon
and Pythias of classic story or that of David and Jonathan of Bible history. For near-
ly eight years we were almost constantly together. No misunderstanding ever
clouded our fellowship, no unkind nor ugly word ever passed between us. Our
tastes, ideals and ambitions were singularly alike. We had warm discussions, we
practiced all sorts of jokes upon each other but never to the jeopardy of our friend-
ship. Each "grappled the other to his heart with hooks of steel."

Biographical and Historical of Company G. 033

We were room-mates and class-mates together during four years of college life,
then mess-mates and tent-mates while together in the army. Again in the theological
seminary we roomed together and were in the same class. To be with him I left
my seminary in Andover, Mass., and joined him at Lane Seminary in Cincinnati, O.,
where we studied together our Greek and Hebrew Bible. He was a member of my
council which ordained me to the ministry. I think I was the last friend to bid him
good-bye as he left America to find his grave in Mexico. My sketch of him must
be that of a warm friend and enthusiastic admirer yet I am sure I shall say nothing
of which he is not worthy. Lest, however, I may seem to over estimate his work
and character, I shall quote freely the estimate of others as contained in the press
notices given of him at the time of his death.

Fernando Cortez Willett was born A. D. 1842, in Bakersfield, Vt. His parents
were Nathaniel Willett and Sarah (Shattuck) Willett. His maternal grandfather
was Oliver Shattuck of Bakersfield. His parents were prominent members of the
Congregational church and parish, the father for many years being a leader of the
choir. Fernando inherited from his father a retentive memory, a dry humor and
a love of story telling which made him the delight of the social circle. He inherited
from his mother his fine sensibilities, his sensitive nature, his high ideals. He owed
to both by inheritance and training the sterling Puritan virtues which encircled his
character. His maternal grandfather, Oliver Shattuck, one of the first settlers of
the town, belonged to the "old guard" of abolitionists. He withdrew from the
Methodist church on account of their complicity with slavery and joined the Anti-
Slavery Wesleyan church. He held that the United States constitution did not sanc-
tion slavery and to be ready to prove it carried about with him a pocket edition of
this charter of our liberties. The writer has the finger marked copy as an heirloom
of the family. His example and teaching awakened in Fernando a love of country
and hatred of slavery which burst into flame when the war came.

Another influence helped to shape Fernando's life— his maternal uncle. Brastus
Shattuck was a scholar. He worked his way through Burlington College, accepted
a call to a professorship in the Pacific University in the then Territory of Oregon.
After teaching for a time he entered the law, was a member of the Constitutional
Convention and did much toward shaping the State constitution. After Oregon became
a state he was elected judge of the Supreme Court and held the oflice for 30 years.
He was once a candidate for United States Senate and lost the election by one
purchasable vote which he refused to buy. He was known as "the just judge." His
counsel and his example inspired Fernando's ambition to get an education and make
the most of his life. He prepared for college in the academies of Bakersfield and
Barre. In these schools he worked hard and stood high. His preparatory course
finished, he, with the writer of this article, entered Troy University. At this point
commenced the long fellowship between them. They spent two terms in this insti-
tution. Then, forseeing the close of the college for lack of funds, they withdrew
and entered Williams College at Williamstown, Mass., and joined the class of '64.

In this institution he completed his college course. He commanded the respect
and admiration of teachers and students. He ranked high in scholarship. He was
a hard student. His genius was that of hard work. Athletics did not attract him,
he had not time for sports. He despised the petty tricks of college students; he
eschewed society, it cost too much time and money. He had a facile pen and ready
speech and stood high In debates and other literary contests. His nine months'
service in the army compelled him to drop back a year and join the class of '65,
with which he graduated. His high rank in scholarship made him one of the "honor
men" of his class. Because of his ability as a writer and speaker his class elected
him to the highest honor in their gift, that of class day orator. His oration was
a classic. Its theme was "Honor all men." Its treatment was masterful. Its de-
livery was eloquent. His class were proud of him. It was declared to be the ablest
class day oration that had been delivered for many years. It was printed and
admired by those who read it. During Fernando's junior year a deep religious interest
pervaded the college and many entered the Christian life. Among them our comrade
of Company G. This no doubt turned his thoughts toward the ministry as his chosen
vocation. In his choice of Church he was dominated by reason rather than emotion.
It was a matter of principle and duty. He ought to be a Christian— that settled it.
Henceforth his religious life was calm, deep, constant, consistent to its close.

HIS ARMY LIFE

Fernando's college course was with the Civil War and his army service was
rendered during that course. He and the writer, after their first year in college,
returned to Bakersfield for their vacation- The war had commenced. The three
months men were in the field the enemy flushed with victory, were threatening
Washington A call for 300,000 two years' men was issued. Town meetings were being
held to fill Bakersfield's quota. Patriotism ran high. Enlistments were in the air.

'■'34 ?/"-■■ Tldrtccnth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

These college boys faced the question of duty. Should they imperil their college course
and respond to their country's call? "The Spirit of '76" took possession of them and put
down all objection, and they enlisted. The regiment met and organized at Burlington.
For nearly two weeks we drilled. At length an order came from Washington to disband
all two years' regiments and re-enlist them as three years' men. This honorably released
them and they could re-enlist or not as they deemed wise. Again they reconsidered
this question of duty and the old love for an education was aroused again. The
college tugged at their heart strings. They could withdraw without discredit and
serve their country at a later period should she need them. So they decided to return
to Williams and continue their studies for the present time.

Another year passes. Our college boys are back in Bakersfield tor their summer
vacation. The nation is in a great emergency. Our armies must be reinforced.
Lincoln calls for 300,000 nine months' men. The spirit of patriotism will not down;
duty calls; now is their opportunity. They can give a year to their country and if
spared to return they will resume and finish their studies. All objections are swept
away and they enlisted with other Bakersfield boys and became members of Company
G, and shared the experiences of army life with their regiment. Fernando was there
as a matter of duty. He was a scholar rather than a soldier. He had no military
ambition. He never sought or preferred the straps of officers. He was content to
serve his country as a "high private in the rear ranks." But in that humble position
he was an example to all. The deprivations of camp life did not depress nor dis-
hearten him. He was never homesick nor discouraged. He would make spirit out
of the hardest experiences. He was loyal in duty, obedient to superiors, cool and
fearless in action. At Gettysburg he was in the thick of the fight in the two great
crises of the battle and no soldier acquitted himself more bravely than he. He was
as cool on the battlefield as in the schoolroom. With his self-command and trained
mind and his influence over men he had all the elements to make him a successful
officer. I marched by his side during the long march to Gettysburg. He was not
strong, had recently returned from the hospital, below the medium size, not
used to hardships, yet he kept in the ranks, refused all help, stuck by his regiment,
was cheerful and hopeful through it all. He greeted all with a smile and a pleasant
word and "lent a hand" to a sick or needy soldier. If he was less in evidence at
playing of cards and other sports it was because he did not forget he was a scholar.
His leisure hours were mostly spent in the study of shorthand, which he mastered
In the army so he could take his lectures on his return to study in that way. When
shut up in his tent few knew what he was doing. He was of medium size, dark com-
plexion, black hair and piercing black eyes and lithe, slender body. His constitution
was not strong. The exposures of army life told upon him and he sickened and
was sent to the general hospital. For some weeks he was separated from his regiment,
but he would not be invalided home and returned to his regiment as soon as health
permitted, and served faithfully till his term of service ended. After our return
to Vermont while we were in Brattleboro, our term of service having expired the
government in its distress asked the regiment to return to New York and help
to put down the anti-draft riots that were reigning in the metropolis. It was sub-
mitted to a vote. Fernando voted to respond to this call and thought it our duty
to go. Here as always duty dominated his action. The regiment declined the call.
Our military service having ended, Fernando and the writer resumed their studies
at Williams College, grateful to God for sparing them to secure the education they
craved.

AS A TEACHER.

After his graduation Fernando found himself heavily encumbered by debt, the
price of his education. He set himself at once to pay this debt. He first took the
principalship of Bakersfield Academy. His success was immediate and pronounced.
Within a year he received a call to Evansville, Ind., to become principal of the high
school of the city. This call he accepted. The school was large with a large corps
of teachers. It was in a demoralized condition. He reorganized it, reversed its
course of study and introduced new methods. He quickly became master of the
situation, won the respect of both teachers and pupils and showed his marked ability
both to govern and to teach. Unmindful of himself he threw his whole soul into
the work. He gave to the school four years of unremitting labor. He was not content
with this, but entered the Sunday school of his church and sought to reverse its
method. With a constitution weakened by his army experience this incessant toll
soon began to tell upon him but he would not admit himself sick till one day when in
his school room blood burst from his mouth. This was a severe hemorrhage from his
lungs. He was ambitious and very anxious to recover that he might again take up his
life long chosen calling and continue as a humble and useful follower of the lowly
Xazarene. He was young and remarkably well prepared for preaching the Gospel of
Christ. Indeed it was sad and a pity he could not have been spared to fulfil the labor
of love and elevation of humanity, but such, for reasons, was not to be.
His physicians forbade further work and ordered him to seek a more healthful

Biographical and Historical of Company G. 635

climate. The following extract from the Minutes of the Board of Education explains
itself:

"To the Superintendent and Board of Trustees of the Evansville

Public Schools:

Gentlemen:

In accordance with the statement of my physician and my own best
judgment I am compelled to resign my position as principal of the high
school. I assure you that I most deeply regret this necessity and it is
with great reluctance that I have at length yielded to it. In retiring
from your corps of teachers after four years of service allow me to express
my grateful remembrance of the uniform courtesy and cordial support
1 have received from all with whom I have been officially connected.

Very respectfully,

P. C. WILLETT."

In accepting his resignation the Board placed on record the following:

"In harmony with the general sentiment of our citizens we cannot
fail to recognize the earnest and faithful efforts of Prof. P. C. Willett
during the past four years to reorganize our high school and place it upon
a firm basis of true scholarship. Remembering his constant zeal and un-
tiring labor in this behalf and the eminent success with which his work
has been crowned, therefore, Resolved, that we deeply regret the necessity
which compels his resignation, and wishing him a speedy restoration to
health, that we also commend him as a young man of riioe scholarship
with a heart for any work he may espouse."

Then commenced his brave fight for life and health. The grim spectre of the
white plague was upon his track. He fled to Colorado. There he could not be idle.
He purchased a horse and traversed the state visiting each town gathering statistics
and writing up its history, which he gathered into a very readable "Handbook of
Colorado." This gave him needed exercise, kept him in the dry, open air and opened
to him the finest mountain scenery of the Rocky Mountains. All this hastened his
recovery. He felt well again. His college debts were paid. He saw opportunity
to realize the darling purpose of his life and prepare himself for the Gospel ministry.
He longed to return Bast and enter the Theological seminary. His physician forbade
him to go farther East than Cincinnati. The writer, to be with him, joined him
there, and they entered Lane Seminafy. With renewed hope and courage he entered
upon his theological course. His earnest purpose, marked ability and fine scholarship
soon won for him a foremost position among his classmates. Churches sought him
to supply their pulpits. All regarded him as sure of eminence in his chosen profes-
sion. As his hopes were about to be realized and he felt assured of success in his
choseji profession, his heart again gave way. Worn with hard study he suffered
another hemorrhage and the prostration and insomnia resulting. The Rev. Mr.
Van Wyke, a wealthy resident of the city had him removed to his beautiful home
wh,ere for some months he received the best care and medical skill obtainable free
of expense to himself. The writer visited him daily and was often a watcher by his
bedside. Under such treatment he improved rapidly and was able to return for a
summer rest to Bakersfleld. The fell disease lingered — again he fled to Colorado
and engaged in his former work and helped to prepare another "Handbook of Colo-
rado." Had he remained in that germ-killing state he might have been spared to
a long and useful life, but his ambition to enter his chosen vocation clouded his
judgment and after about a year he returned East, and resumed his theological
studies and supplied as he was able vacant pulpits. He spent the summer of
1873 with his family friends in Bakersfleld. Meantime his Evansville friend, Gen.
John W. Poster, our then Minister to Mexico and since then our most prominent diplo-
mat, thinking a change of climate would benefit Fernando, offered him the position
of Secretary of Legation. Thinking it would improve his health and give him valuable
experience, he accepted the office. Late in August he bade his friends in Bakersfleld
what proved to be a final good-bye. On his way to New York to take the steamer
he visited this writer in his home in Plymouth, N. H. While with him he sat in the
council which ordained his life long friend to the Gospel ministry. While he rejoiced
for his friend's sake that he had reached the goal of all his studies, it must have been
a bitter grief to him that his hopes had not been realized and that the future for
him was so uncertain, but no murmur escaped his lips and he never appeared more
hopeful and cheerful. '

The writer's last view of him was as he stood on the rear platform of the
retreating train waving a final farewell. He went by boat to Vera Cruz and thence
by rail to the City of Mexico. As he in a few hours reached an altitude of 8,000 feet.

636 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

the sudden elevation was a great strain upon his weak lungs and, no doubt, hastened
his death. He had a language to learn and the duties of his office to master. He
entered upon this work with his usual intensity and zeal. As usual he won for himself
a host of friends. The American colony welcomed him to their membership. He
got on bravely for several months but his frail body could not bear the strain of the
excessive work, consumption had never relaxed its hold. Without warning, while
on the streets of Mexico he suffered another hemorrhage. The lower altitude which
he sought could not save him. Other hemorrhages followed. The best medical skill
and attendance failed to arrest the dread malady. He sank rapidly till the end
came on the 20th day of June, 1874. He fought a good fight, he kept the faith, he
was ready to be offered. He fully realized his condition, talked calmly of his
approaching death. He met it as bravely as he faced death at Gettysburg. Minister
Foster wrote a full account of his sickness and death to his mother, Mrs. Sarah
Willett. It is so interesting and so reveals the character of our friend and comrade
that I give it below as taken from the "St. Albans Messenger" of that date:

"My Dear Madam: — It is with sentiments of sincerest sorrow I com-
municate to you the intelligence of the death of your dear son, Fernando.
He had passed through the winter without any sickness and was feeling
quite strong and hopeful. But in the last days of April, without the least
warning, while walking on the streets of this city (Mexico) he was taken
with a slight hemorrhage, but by no means of a serious character. As a
measure of extra precaution, he decided to make an excursion down the
railroad to Cordova, 4,000 feet lower than this city. But only two or
three days after he wrote you his last letter, on Sunday, May 23rd, he
was attacked with the most severe hemorrhage he had ever had. We
procured for him a large and comfortable room at the hotel and every-
thing possible was provided that could minister to his comfort. The loss
of blood had left him very weak indeed and, upon a consultation of
physicians, his situation was found to be very dangerous.

"I remained with him eight days and upon being called to the City of
Mexico, obtained Rev. M. N. Hutchinson, superintendent of the Presby-
terian Missions in this country, to stay with him during my absence.
He talked very freely with Mr. Hutchinson about his sickness and con-
templated death. On my second visit I found him gradually growing
weaker, and was satisfied he would never be able to rise from his bed
again. 1 am glad to assure you that he had everything that could con-
tribute to his comfort or restoration to health. When I came up to this
city from my first visit to him, I brought a full written statement of his
disease and condition, and with it I had Dr. Skelton, the American Consul
General, and Dr. Semeleder, the most celebrated physician in this country,
hold a consultation. Also I sent for the American Consul at Vera Cruz,
who happens also to be an excellent physician. But he could give us no
encouragement. With calm resignation your son submitted to the will of
the Lord. To me he said he did not conceal the fact that he would rather
live, that he was a young man and he felt he had still much to accomplish in
life. But then, if he was only to recover to have a shattered constitution,
it Is better he should die; he would be nothing but a wanderer, seeking
some spot where he might live, a burden to his friends, without employ-
ment and with no hope or ambition in life. He was perfectly settled and
clear in his religious views, in his abiding faith in Christ and in his hope
of heaven.

"While his illness was tedious and exhausting, it was not very painful.
On the evening of the third day before his death he was taken with some-
thing like a paroxym or struggling for breath and these attacks were
repeated two or three times each day till his death. At these times he
told us there was not much pain, and he was perfectly conscious through
them all. He frequently referred to you in his last days of his sickness, and
with great tenderness and affection. He asked me to tell you that he died
in full faith in Christ as his Saviour and that while his death so far
away would be a sad blow to you, you must and could find great consola-
tion in the faith with which he died. On Friday evening the last attack of the
character of which I have referred came on, and from the effects of it he
never rallied, but lingered till about half past twelve the same night, June
19th. During these five hours and more he was conscious he was dying,
but he did not suffer much pain and was not at all depressed in spirit.
About an hour and a half before he breathed his last he took his final leave
of the doctor and myself, as well as Rev. Mr. Stevenson, a Methodist min-
ister who happened to be in Cordova. He thanked Dr. A. A. Russell in
the most touching manner for all his unwearied kindness and attention,
and In a fervent manner asked God to bless him. In his leave of me he

Biographical and Historical of Company G. 637

reminded me of his message to you, and your name was nearly the last on
his lips. He then fell into a quiet sleep for about half an hour; awoke
again, when at different times I gave him water and wine and bathed
his lips with water, during which he was entirely conscious; and then he
fell into another quiet sleep from which he never awoke, breathing out his
life peacefully and without a struggle — a separation pf soul and body so
gentle as hardly to be distinguished — the end of life.

His remains were Ifrought to this city and interred at his request in
the American Cemetery, in a pretty spot adjoining the monument erected
by our government in memory of the American soldiers who died in the
war of 1847. The burial was attended by a large company of friends, in-
cluding the entire Diplomatic Corps, officers of the Mexican Government
and the foreign society here. It gives me pleasure to inform you that your
son had made a large circle of warm friends in this city. I also can say
to you that he was always unremitting in his official duties, and was
succeeding excellently in his position. His friends among the American
residents here -very cheerfully contributed a fund of $175 to erect a monu-
ment to his memory, over his grave. The cemetery where he is buried
is a very attractive place, and Is kept in order at the expense of our gov-
ernment. I have now fulfilled the sad duty imposed upon me by your
son's death. May the Lord sustain and comfort you in this your deep
sorrow, is the fervent prayer of your sincere friend. John W. Fosteb.

After his death the press teemed with commendatory notices of him, both East
and West. Rev. S. K. Leavitt, pastor of First Baptist Church, Cincinnati, Ohio, In
a long obituary notice of him, published in a Cincinnati paper, among many things
said. "The death of Rev. Fernando C. WUlet has brought sorrow to a large circle
of friends and deserves more than a passing notice. When leaving EvansvUle for
Colorado his friends thought he was going there to die, but he felt confident that
Grod would spare him to a useful life. Never shall I forget the whole purposes of
his life as he freely talked with me in Iowa as he slowly journeyed westward
emaciated and weak from loss of blood. His very soul glowed with animation as
he anticipated the recovery of his health and his return East to study for the
ministry. * * * j^^ Willett was a true Christian man of great energy and
rare ability. In Evansville he labored earnestly in the Sabbath School and gathered
a large class of young men and women whom he taught. He delivered and address
at the opening of the new rooms for the Young Men's Christian Association which
was remarkable for its vigor of thought and chaste polish. His library was choice
and he read for improvement. His mind was well balanced and stored with learning
to an extent attained by few of his age. He was a good man and full of the Holyi
Ghost and of faith."

Col. Albert Clarke, his beloved commander in Company G, published an able and
appreciative obituary notice of him In The St. Albans Messenger, of which the Colonel
was editor. After speaking of his entering the army at the early age of 19 he said of
him:

"He suffered a severe and protracted Illness in the army which probably
laid the foundation of his ever subsequent delicate health and untimely
death, but he rallied from it with more of determination than bodily
vigor and fought bravely at Gettysburg where in a station far beneath his
worth he won the lasting honor and friendship of his immediate com-
mander and all his comrades. * * * Before going to Mexico he
engaged to furnish Mexican correspondence to this paper. * * *
In a private letter to the editor written from Colorado on the second of
May, he conveyed the sad information that two weeks after his arrival
at the Mexican capltol he was attacked by a violent hemorrhage which
drove him down Into the tierra caliente tor several weeks. After his re-
turn that with the pressing duties of his office, a language to learn, and
many strangers to entertain, he was again driven forth and hemorrhage
followed hemorrhage in quick succession. However, wrote he: 'If the
good Lord grant me another lease of comparative health I will endeavor
to keep my promise to you. Please do not publish these facts in regard
to my health, as I do not wish to give my friends any uneasiness.' Poor
brave fellow. This was characteristic of his life. We have seen him
on the weary march, when he did not look as though he could carry his
musket, refusing all proffers of aid, absolutely declining to be relieved
from duty. During the night, after a day's hard fighting, who but he
should go forth, even beyond the skirmish line, to help pick up the wound-
ed, applying a bandage here, giving a draught of water there, making
no distinction between the blue and gray, for his brave humanity recog-
nized that all were alike the children of God. * * * jjg ^^g grace-

638 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

ful and accomplished in every station, facile as a writer, logical and elo-
quent as a speaker. It is an honor to Franklin county to have been his
birth place and home. It is an honor to have been his friend. Envied
by many, he was respected by all."

Services commemorative of the life of our friend were held at Bakersfield in.
the Congregational Church, August 8th, 1874. The sermon was preached by his
pastor, Rev. R. Hicks on the text, Ps. 119:9. Letters were read from Hon. Mr. Foster
and Col. Albert Clarke. His friend and classmate, the writer, was detained from
attending this service by sickness in his family.

Mr. Hicks paid an appreciative and discriminating tribute to the character of
the deceased. "The course the deceased pursued is fresh in your memories. The
traits of character which raised him to the honorable positions he filled are open
to your observation. They are concealed by no brilliant dash, no flowery egotism,
no accumulated good fortune, no happy hit, no unexpected success will account for
the esteem with which you all hold him. His success was won by the old time ways
of honesty, prudence and perseverance. * * * Mr. Willett's life has been one
of unflinching perseverance, may I not say of incredible industry and that too, in
face of much physical sickness. No son more than he has made a glad father and
been the joy of his mother. Mr. Willett has not lived and would not have lived
to accumulate money. A miserly, grasping mind was the object of his supreme
contempt. His life was lived free and happy in no bonds to shame or worldly appro-
bation. His first choice was Christ and his service. To this one idea of his life
everything else seemed subordinate."

MARCUS A. ANDREWS

He was a native of Enosburg and born in 1844. Enlisted September 8, 1862,
and had just arrived of age. He joined Company G, and with the 13th Regiment
served his full term and was mustered out July 21, 1863. He demeaned himself
well as a soldier, and performed his duty from first to last acceptably. He was
modest, and of few words, but conscientious and anxious to do his full duty at all
times. He served his country well and made a good record. Returned home and
took up again the pursuits of civil life, resumed his former occupation and resided
in town for some years and then moved away; but where have not been able tot
ascertain.

RODMAN BESSEY

He was a native of Enosburg and born in 1844. Enlisted September 8, 1862,
/and was one of the young boys of Company G, 13th Regiment, Vermont Volunteers.
Brought up on a farm, attended district school of his day and was much like other
boys of his locality. A mere lad only 18 years of age and seldom away from home
over night in all his life prior to enlistment. His young heart beat fast and strong
for home and country, and at the first opportunity volunteered. He was an enthusias-
tic young man and very anxious to serve in the defence of the Union. Little indeed
did he realize the hardships attending the life of a soldier, but he manfully dis-
charged every duty and made no complaint. He was cheerful and obedient and won
the respect of his associates. It was evident that he was well born and bred. He
was a model soldier boy. It was quite remarkable that one so young demonstrated the
qualities that made him valuable on the battlefield. The boys of his age often
displayed more courage when life was in peril than the older ones. He served his
term and was discharged with his regiment at Brattleboro, July 21, 1863, and returned
home thankful that he had served his country when assailed, proud of the record that
he and his comrades had made in the mighty contest at Gettysburg.. He was not
content because the war was still raging and there was a demand for veterans and
on October 21, 1863, enlisted again and this time with Company A, 17th Vt. Regiment,
commanded by Capt. Stephen F. Brown, 1st Lieutenant in Company K, of the 13th Regi-
ment, Vt. Vols. His company remained at St. Albans during the winter, making
suitable preparations for service and did not leave for Washington until early spring
of 1864, and in a few days was advanced to the front and took part in the battle of
the Wilderness where on the 6th day of May, many of his regiment were killed
and wounded. He remained in the ranks during the several battles of the
Wilderness, Spotsylvania Court House and until May 31st, where he was mortally
wounded and died January 18, 1864. He gave all that his country might survive and
continue as the land of freedom. There is no greater honor than death on the
battlefield, defending home and native land. And the author here asserts that had
it not been for such like gallant heroes the country we now so justly boast of would
have passed away. Too much praise cannot be given to the soldiers of the "Union
in the War of 1861-5. His remains repose in Arlington, Va., National Cemetery.

Biographical and Historical of Company G. 639

EDWIN P. BROWN

enlisted from the town of Enosburg, Vt., volunteered Sept. 3rd, 1862, and became
a member of Company G. He was three years older than any other of Company G,
too old In fact for so strenuous a life during active campaigning. His age at enroll-
ment was 43. Born in 1819, likely less than 20 in the whole regiment were older.
He at least headed the list in Company G as to age. He was a good man and an
enthusiastic patriot, exceedingly solicitous for the welfare of his country. He was quick,
active and strong, and well preserved for one of his age. While patriotism is an
essential factor of a valuable soldier, physical powers of endurance are a prerequisite
that must be secured.

It was soon evident that the strenuous life of soldiering in a Virginia winter,
sleeping in cloth tents and on the cold, damp ground, was more than Comrade Brown
could endure. Though favored on account of age and anxiety to remain yet he was
under the care of the surgeons and in the hospital much of the time during the winter
and early spring, and Surgeon Nichols became fully satisfied that Comrade Brown
would not be of much if any value in case of an active campaign, which was quite
certain to occur as soon as spring opened. He therefore discharged him March 29,
1863, and he was sent to his home in Enosburg. He was loyal, upright and anxious
for the preservation of the Union, and evidently willing to fight to save it. He at
least, did his utmost, none could do more.

HANSON BURLESON

He was of the Berkshire boys and enlisted September 4, 1862, and joined the
Bakersfleld Company. Was born in 1834 and it will be seen was one of the older
members of Company G. A native of Berkshire and educated in the common schools
of Vermont. His occupation was a farmer, and like most of the middle class seemed
to be filled with patriotism that impelled him to volunteer that his country might
not be overthrown and the awful and wicked institution of human slavery extended
all over the land so dearly bought by the patriots of 1776. He was a respected citizen
and a model soldier, reserved in his conversation and association, mingled but little
with only his tentmates. He was upright, honest and ready at all times to do his
duty. Ever obedient and courteous to his superiors, and kind and generous to his
comrades and unusually sympathetic toward all in sickness and distress. He acquitted
himself with honor on all occasions. He served his full term and was mustered
out with his regiment July 21, 1863, and returned to his home and resumed his occu-
pation and place in society and died respected by his friends and neighbors and now
sleeps in the wayside cemetery in his native town and a modest headstone marks
the grave of this noble hero of the Republic. And once a year on Memorial Day
his surviving comrades, neighbors, friends and citizens here repair and on his lowly
grave scatter the early flowers of spring and raise above his resting place the Stars
and Stripes, the flag of his CDimtry that he followed on the march and in battle. He
offered his all in defence of the tinion.

ABRAM BENJAMIN

was of the Richford contingent, born in 1840, brought up on a farm and educated in
the common schools of his town. Was retiring in disposition and association and
his tentmates only knew of his thoughts and aspirations. His life as a soldier was
uneventful yet always on hand to do his share of fatigue duty in camp or picket duty
on the outer lines, was as a good-natured, manly fellow, honest, upright, was no shirk
but ever ready to respond when called upon. A scouting trip accompanied with two
or three outside the picket line among the natives was to him a holiday much
enjoyed. These visits while in Camp Widow Violet up and down the banks of the
Occoquan and to Mount Vernon, Pohick church and fishing in the Occoquan for
herring, shiners and the beautiful pumpkin seed was Abram's delight and a tonic
that drove away foreboding thoughts of pending battle and anxiety as to whether he
would ever again see the green hills and fertile valleys of his home and state. Many
of the boys were now and then homesick but pills and quinine were no antidote for
such morbid attacks. Our comrade remained dutiful to the end and was a good
soldier; was mustered out with his regiment and returned home with his share of
honors earned as a soldier. He indeed was one of Col. Randall's Green Mountain
Boys that did his part to secure distinction and glory at Gettysburg. To have partici-
pated In that momentous battle is a record of glory and fame that must ever be the
pride of all of the old 13th Vt. Vols.

640 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

HORACE D. BLAISDELL

was one of the younger boys from the town of Richford and born in 1843; volunteered
September 4, 1862, and joined the Bakersfield Company which was letter G. He
was a beardless, vivacious, active boy of 19 summers and for one of his age was
handy with ax, saw, spade, scythe and plow. Many of his associates were lumbermen
by occupation and therefore many of his companions worked in the woods and mills
and like all the boys from that section, was rugged, hale and hearty, full of life and
ready for a rough and tumble clinch at any time. The Richford and Montgomery
boys were proficient gum chewers and in every box from home a package of spruce
gum was sure to be found. They seemed to eat hard tack with less trouble than
others, muscles fully developed in their jaws. Horace and his tentmates when the
spruce gum was used up secured pitch from the pine trees and boiled it and made what
they called pitch pine gum. Comrade Blaisdell was the soul of honor and very loyal
and obedient to officers in command and was on hand, ever ready to lend a helping
hand and take the place of a comrade on the picket line when such were indisposed.
Never shrank from any duty and was sure to do his best on all occasions. He
passed through the vicissitudes of soldier lite without complaining, though at times
during the winter, duty on the picket line was hard and dangerous. In all the mutations
from first to last young Blaisdell deserved well of his comrades and tried to perform
his duty in the light of the rules and requirements as made known to him. He
made a good record and acquitted himself with honor, and when mustered out at
the end of his term of service returned to his home with as clean and enviable
a record as any of his company.

After remaining home a few months he again enlisted and became a member of
Company I, 17th Vt. Vols. Not able to ascertain why he enlisted from the town of
West Fairlee, Vt., likely some good reason. His second enlistment was May 10, 1864,
and in this regiment he saw plenty of fighting from the 5th day of May, 1864 in the
battles of the Wilderness, Spotsylvania Court House and Poplar Spring Church, Sept.
30, 1864, in which battle he was wounded. He recovered from his wounds and was
mustered out July 14, 1865. The war was now over and this young hero who had
his first experience at Gettysburg was now satisfied and though severely wounded
and shattered in health returned to his native state justly proud of his humble
eltorts to save the Union. His old comrades of Company G, one and all say, "Well
done, may you live long, be prosperous and happy in this glorious Republic in that
you repeatedly oifered your young life to save."

JOHN COMBS

was one of the older boys from the town of Berkshire. His age at enlistment, Sep-
tember 5, 1862, was 28. He joined Company G and remained with it, rendering good
service until mustered out July 21, 1863. By reason of manly and soldierly conduct
was promoted corporal a few days before we started on the Gettysburg campaign.
He was an exemplary soldier, kind, generous and brave; obedience to orders was
to him of prime importance. None looked better on inspection or dress parade than
Comrade Combs. In any relation, camp, march or battle he was a model. He was
mustered out with the regiment, July 2, 1863, and returned to his home in Berkshire
and took his place in the industrial offices of his town and continued a legal, upright
citizen while he lived. He was married and left children, one Ernest Combs, resides
in Montgomery, Vt. Comrade Combs and his wife passed to the land of rest and
happiness some years ago. The author regrets that he was not able to ascertain
more information concerning this valiant soldier and his family. His life and early
manhood was freely offered for the preservaton of the ITnion in its darkest days.
He helped save the day at Gettysburg. General Lee was defeated and the Union
of States on this glorious battlefield made certain. He and his companions from
Vermont turned the tide of battle and secured victory on the last hour of that event-
ful 3rd day of July, 1863.

WARREN CORSE

He was from the town of Enosburg and enlisted September 5, 1862, joined the
Bakersfield company and after the organization and muster in was made wagoner
of Company G. He was 30 years old at enlistment and a farmer. His education was
limited to the old district schools but he liy his energy acquired sufficient to enable
him to become a useful and well-informed citizen. His life on the farm fitted him for
the responsible position of wagoner and in his department he was faithful and on
hand night and day. To be a part of the wagon train in camp and on the march,
was not only a highly responsible but often extremely laborious position. Such
must not only drive but guard the baggage on the march. Comrade Corse was a
faithful, honest, reliable man and soldier and discharged the manifold duties of his
position with rare tact and good judgment. His kindly nature was manifested in his
care and gentle treatment of the horses and mules in his charge. He was quickly

Biographical and Historical of Company G. 641

aroused when anyone abused a horse or mule in their charge. He did his full duty
and was discharged with his regiment at Brattleboro, Vt., July 21, 1863 After re-
turning home and remaining for a few brief months again volunteered on October
28, 1863 and joined Company A, l7th Vt. Vols., and was made fourth sergeant a
position that he was well qualified to fill. He was mortally wounded at Spotsylvania
Court House, Va., May 12, 1864 and died May 14th. His regiment was in the battle of the
Wilderness May 5, 6 and 7, 1864. Comrade Corse by his second enlistment demon-
strated that he was as brave and courageous in battle as he was kind and gentle
and humane as a teamster.

ROSWELL A. CHAPLIN

volunteered from the town of Montgomery and joined the Bakersfleld Company which
on organization was given the name and position in the line as G. Comrade Chaplin
as I now recall, was a sedate, cool-headed, thoughtful man. His bearing and speech
indicated his stalwart nature and rugged manhood. He was a typical New Englander,
strong in the faith that led the patriots of 1776 to break away from the tyranny of
Great Britain and establish on this continent a government of liberty and asylum
for the oppressed. He was 33 years of age and by occupation a farmer educated in
the common schools of his native State. A man endowed with a strong mind and
a wonderful supply of common sense. He acted only after deliberation; and then was
true to his convictions, steadfast in his endeavors to execute them. And hence was
a valuable soldier and rendered good service in whatever relation he was called to
occupy. There were none in the ranks of Company G that acquitted themselves
better in camp, on picket, the march and in battle than our worthy comrade Chaplin.
The author gladly after 40 years of reflection offers this tribute to one who displayed
heroic conduct on the battlefield of Gettysburg. He was mustered out with his
regiment and returned home and resumed his place and occupation, feeling he had
helped to save the Union.

EDWIN CARROLL

volunteered from the town of Enosburg September 6, 1862, and joined Company G, of the
ISth Vt. Vols. No particular incident marks his career while serving as a soldier in this
company. He was born in 1844 and only 18 years when enrolled for the war, a mere lad
and it would seem too young for the awful struggle and carnage of the battlefield. But it
is nevertheless true that nearly all of the young, smooth-faced boys endured the hardships
of army life better than older ones. He was brave and useful on the battlefield as any.
This youthfuul hero acquitted himself with honor, served his full term, was mustered
out with his regiment July 21, 1863, and returned home and the overflowing joyousness
of his young heart was more than thankful that he had fought and helped to secure
victory at Gettysburg. No act or position in this comrade's life so valuable and
honorable as fighting for the Union.

GEORGE H. FULLER

He was one of the noble band from the town of Montgomery and on the organi-
zation of Company G, was made corporal. Born in Montgomery in 1835, just of the
age to endure best the hardships of soldier life. He was horny handed, rugged,
physically capable of fatigue and exposure. As a non-commissioned officer he was
a model, and the mere fact that he was promoted to sergeant was an expression of
the judgment of Lieut. Albert Clarke, then in command, of his fitness for so highly
responsible a position. He earned his promotion, and as sergeant of the guard in camp
or on the picket line, and on the march and in battle convinced all that his advance-
ment was no mistake. None were more courageous, cool and fearless than Sergeant
Fuller. He was mustered out with the regiment July 21, 1863 and returned home
with a reputation as a valiant soldier and oflicer. He said often when referring to
his life that his "enlistment and service was the act of his career that he turned to
with pride and satisfaction that he volunteered during the darkest days of the Union
cause and when many hesitated to enlist. It is likely true because the discouraging
outlook in the summer and early fall of 1862 that many hesitated and only best of
material responded to President Lincoln's call for 300,000 nine months' men."

JAMES CONKLIN

was born In 1841 In the town of Bakersfleld but it was claimed he was even younger
than 18. He joined Company G, September 11 and with his company went to Brattle-
boro, Vt., was mustered into the 'United States service as a volunteer but did not
go to the front — never joined his company and for some reason unknown to the author
— deserted. Quite likely persuaded by relatives older not to go. The least said the
better for the circumstances that influenced him we know nothing about.

642 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

WILLIAM B. DWYER

volunteered from the town of Berkshire at the age of 23 and joined the Bakersfield
company and was present at the organization of the company September 11, 1862.
If memory has not failed me he was a younger brother of Sergt. John H. Dwyer. He
was mustered into the United States army October 10, 1862 and went with the regi-
ment to Washington; crossed Icng bridge into Virginia, October 30, and took part
with his regiment in all its marches, camps, picket lines and battles until mustered
out July 21, 1863. Was an obedient faithful, brave and loyal and valuable soldier.
He won the respect of his officers and comrades and returned to his home with the
honors of Gettysburg inscribed on his banner.

CHARLES AND EDWARD LOVELETTE

vce from the town of Richford and joined Company C, September 20, 1862, after
the .tompany organization. These two boys were late in joining the company because
they could not agree which should go. They were twins and both wanted to go
and both wanted the other to remain at home but Anally compromised by both going.
They were good soldiers and did their full duty on all occasions. Charles was sent
to the hospital at Brattleboro, Vt., where he was discharged March 16, 1863. Edward
remained with his regiment and was mustered out July 21, 1863.

JOHN B. FASSETT

was born in Enosburg in 1829 and joined Company G, and was enrolled September
3rd, 1862, and mustered into United States Army October 10, 1862. By occupation a
farmer. His education was like the youth of his day limited to the little old red
school house close by the roadside and near the geographical center of the district
no matter how isolated, lonely and disagreeable the surroundings the boys when old
enough to work on the farm only attended school during twelve weeks in the winter,
and but few acquired much of an education. Comrade Fassett was of a musical
family and this art and science acquired in the old singing schools of his youthful days
so improved his voice that he was one of the sweet, melodious singers of Company G,
that so often charmed, cheered and elevated the regiment as they gathered about
to listen and enjoy. I can now almost hear the war songs that restored our drooping
spirits and excited us on to war. The talented singers of Company G, when gathered
in some comrade's tent would finish their concert with that song of all others "Home,
Sweet Home," which quickly brought to mind the dear ones we left behind up
among the green hills and lovely valleys of our beloved state. By comparison he
was one of the old men of the regiment past 33.

Camping on the cold, wet ground in rain and snow, often without tents was
exposure that bis constitution could not long endure. He was obliged to go into
the hospital at Fairfax Court House from which he was discharged January 13, 1863
and sent home to Vermont. His comrades of Company G, and all others that knew
him were disappointed and sorry because soldiering was too strenuous a life tot
his age and constitution. Until overtaken with disease he cheerfully and promptly
performed every duty, was honest, upright, faithful and anxious to assist in the
preservation of the Union. He showed loyalty and patriotism by freely responding
when President Lincoln called for 300,000 nine months' men. He was of that class
and mould that ever was valiant and brave on the battlefield. He returned home
and resumed his occupation and place in society, but never recovered from disease
contracted when a soldier.

LEWIS GIDDINGS

was from Enosburg and born In 1840, and therefore just 22 when he volunteered
into Bakersfield Company. He joined Company G, on September 11, 1862, and was
mustered Into the United States service at Brattleboro, Vt., October 10, and started
for Washington, D. C, Oct. 11, arriving there on the 13th, and went Into camp on
East Capitol Hill on the 14th. Young Giddings was a fanner by birth and occupation,
educated In the common schools of his town. He belonged to a good family and evi-
dently had been well brought up, to this time had escaped the snares that many
young men are engulfed in. He was full of life and vigor, robust and active, well
fitted to endure the exposure of army life during an active and strenuous campaign.
In camp quiet and peaceful, on the picket line alert and fearless, in battle brave
and daring. He stood well towards the head of Company G as a reliable man and
soldier. His habits good and speech chaste and proper. Vulgarity and profanity
never brought shame to his comrades, or disgrace upon himself. He was not a
boastful brag anxious for a fight but patiently waited for the crisis of battle to de-
termine his own ability in the awful ordeal of facing belching cannon and bayonet
charge. He stood the test of Gettysburg and won his share of glory on that gory

Biographcial and Historical of Company G. 643;

field. His prowess and heroic bearing was similar to his company comrades that
were present in the fight. He served his full term and was mustered out with his
company and regiment and returned home thankful that he had done something
towards serving the Union and perpetuating freedom and liberty.

THOMAS LANGLEY

was enrolled from the town of Enosburg September 5, and joined Company G, on
the 20th, and was mustered into the United States Army October 10, 1862, and
started for Washington to take part in the battles for the Union. He was born in
1835 and hence was 27 years of age at the date of enlistment. For some reason
did not join Company G until after its organization. He was a horny handed, sturdy
man, with no particular occupation, was handy at most any kind of labor, capable of
great endurance and was ready for a trip out among the natives at any time, night
or day. He was a good forager and he and his tentmate never went hungry so
long as hens and hogs were within five miles of camp. Enosburg boys generally
paid when greenbacks and scrip were plenty, but money they seldon had, but some-
thing good to eat they were sure to find and appropriate. Comrade Langley had
his faults, but yet was a good and willing soldier. In the spring of 1863 he was
taken sick and went to the hospital, and after a long Illness with fever died .June
17, 1863, and agreeable to arrangements in the company his remains were sent home
to Vermont for burial.

ORANGE LACKEY

Born in and enrolled from the town of Montgomery and joined Company G,
September 11, 1862. He was born in 1840 and therefore 22 on date of enlist^
ment and by occupation a common laborer; was of the' middle class and enjoyed but
few advantages of education and culture. He had a strong constitution, aggressive
disposition, and was extremely anxious to enter the service for his country. He was
of a patriotic family and realizing his obligation he volunteered and joined the army.
Had he lived no doubt would have shared in the glories of Gettysburg. He freely
and enthusiastically offered his young life on the altar of his country. He sickened
and suffered and died in hospital at Camp Vermont November 23, 1862. He was
one of seven brothers who entered the service during the Civil War. His maternal
great grandfather came over under General Lafayette in 1779 to assist the cause of
liberty.

WILLIAM HENDRICK

was born in the town of Montgomery in the year 1839 and was enrolled September
6, 1862, and joined Company G, the Bakersfield company, September 11, and on
October 10, 1863, was mustered in, as a full fledged soldier and on the 11th left
Brattleboro, Vt., with his regiment, the 13th Vt. Vols., for Washington, D. C, to
fight for the Union. He was a farmer on the bleak, sterile hills of Montgomery,
was of just the age to endure the strenuous life essential in the army. His robust
appearance, size, activity and conversation indicated a model soldier. He was a
young man of excellent behavior, obedient, submitting cheerfully to the discipline
required in the army. In fact. Comrade Hendrick acquitted himself in the discharge
of the manifold duties of camp, march, picket and battle with credit. His kind and
generous heart led him to take the place of company comrades and perform their
duty in camp or on the picket line. As might well Ije expected he fulfilled to the
letter every duty required. To say that he was a good soldier and fought with
heroic valor is an imperishable honor that friends and acquaintances are justly proud.
He was mustered out with his regiment July 21, 1863 and returned to Montgomery
where he and his associates were given the warm hand of welcome for duty done
and fame nobly secured on the battlefield of Gettysburg. The date of his death not
able to here record. He joined the silent majority a number of years ago, but place
of death and burial have not been able to ascertain. This comrade was a typical
backwoodsman, enured to a life calculated for preparing one for the hardships of an
army life.

LEWIS MACK

enrolled from the town of Richford and joined Company G, September 20, 1862. He
was born in 1825, and was old for a soldier in a winter campaign in Virginia; yet
he was in the prime of life with a good constitution and being used to outdoor hard
work endured marching and camping in rain, mud and snow and sleeping on cold,
wet, frozen ground better than the majority of Company G. Perhaps none in the regi-
ment rendered better service than Comrade Mack. He never refused a call to duty,
or failed to respond at company roll call. None more attentive, and by his daily life
won confidence and respect and gave promise of valiant duty in the test of battle.
He made good the faith of his officers and comrades In the charge against General
Pickett's right flank on the last hour of the battle of Gettysburg. This noble soldier

•644 ihc Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

served his full term and was mustered out with his regiment, returned to his home
in Richtord, took up his business where he left it ten months before and continued a
respectable life and became one of the valuable citizens of his town.

DAVIDSON J. PERKINS

enrolled at the age of 27, and joined Company G, September 20, 1863, after its organi-
zation, and was mustered in at Brattleboro September 10, and with his regiment the
13th Vermont Volunteers, reached Washington on the 13th and in a few days crossed
the Potomac into old Virginia, and was on the front picket line doing duty before in-
structed in the rudimentary essentials necessary for duty and protection. He was
obedient to orders and courteous to all and appeared ever willing and anxious to
fulfil to his utmost every requirement. He acquitted himself well on all occasions,
and won his share of glory as a valiant soldier of Company G. Mustered out at the
end of his term of service, returned to his home and resumed his occupation. In a
few years moved to Newport, Vt., where he resided in 1890. Cannot ascertain if still
living.

ORVILLE K. ROGERS

was born in Montgomery in 1841, volunteered on the 20th day of September and
joined Company G on the same day and in less than 30 days was on the front line
doing picket duty like a veteran soldier. He was a jovial happy young fellow, anxious
to serve his country as a soldier. A farmer boy with limited opportunities for an
education. His habits were such as the environments of the locality where born
and bred induced. Though young, vigorous and hopeful, yet he was not equal to
the test of living in a cotton tent with cold, damp ground and a rubber blanket for
a bed. He was taken sick with pneumonia or lung fever, taken to the hospital and
in a few days, November 25, 1862, offered his young life on the altar of his country.
A humble life, a rich reward and an imperishable honor.

JUDE NEWCITY

was born in the town of Enosburg in 1844, volunteered under President I^incoln's
call for 300,000 nine minths' men and joined Company G, 13th Vt. Vols., Infantry.
He was a mere lad and hardly ever had been away from home for a single night
before enlistment. A green country boy, pure in thought, chaste in speech and
modest in demeanor, correct in his habits, and diligent in the pursuit of knowledge
as to his new duties as a soldier. Too young for the hardships of camp and march
and the awful scenes and carnage of the battlefield. He was anxious to join the
army and flght for the Union. He inherited patriotic devotion for the land that stood
for liberty and freedom. He comprehended beyond his years the wicked and dastardly
motives of those who sought to destroy the Union of States and establish the bar-
barous and inhuman institution of American, slavery throughout the land. None of
the boys of Company G rejoiced more, when President Lincoln sent forth bis Emanci-
pation Proclamation. He was now more anxious than ever with all his min(}, strength
and devotion to fight for his home and government. After he enquired of his officers
and comrades if we should conquer General Lee's army. Not one of the boys of
Company G were more faithful, obedient and courteous than Comrade Newcity. He
was a good boy, soldier, brave, conscientious and true with innocent faith and abiding
confidence that all would come out for the best. He often spoke of home and the
loved ones he left behind and with affectionate manifestations spoke of the prospect
of reunion when the war was over. He seemed to think one great battle would end
the conflict and that was near at hand. On the march to Gettysburg he frequently
said we will have a mighty battle and then the war will be over. To this boy soldier
I became strongly attached and sincerely hoped he might be safely returned to home
and schoolmates and friends. I could not bear the thought that such should be
sacrificed on the field of battle. On the second day of the battle after the charge
when we retook our cannon that General Longstreet's men had captured cheerfully
said, "We shall win the day and then for home." He was killed the following day, July
3rd, 1863.

SOLOMON RUSSELL

A native of Montgomery, Vt., and born in 1840. Was a younger brother of Ira
and grew up surrounded with the same disadvantages for education and improvement.
He volunteered in September and joined Company G, and was mustered into the
United States service October 10, 1862, at Brattleboro, Vt., and in a few days was
soldiering on the picket line near Camp Vermont. He was an average soldier and
stood the test of exposure and hardship well, discharged his duties cheerfully, obeyed
orders and successfully passed through his term of service and was mustered out
with the regiment July 21, 1863. He again enlisted March 20, 1865 for one year and
joined Company B, Third Vt. Vols., Inf., served his term and was mustered out July

Biographical and Historical of Company G. 645

11, 1865. Returned to his home and in course of time moved away. His old com-
rades Itnow but little of him of late years. He is supposed to be living at Hillsboro
Bridge, N. H. Comrade Russell's last enlistment was just before the surrender of
General Lee. He quite likely joined his regiment in front of Petersburg before the
surrender of Richmond. Was mustered out July 11, 1865, and returned well satisfied.
His second enlistment was from the town of Walden, Vt., to which place he returned
but subsequently moved to N. H. His second enlistment was a holiday excursion
to Petersburg and return and nearly all who enlisted at this date escaped the dangers
of camp and battle.

IRA RUSSELL

was born in Montgomery, Vt., in 1839, brought up on a mountain farm requiring hard
labor and industry to obtain a scanty living, was of honorable parentage and deprived
of the benefits of education and mingling with the more cultured of his town, lived
up on the hills isolated and away from the influences that tend to improve and
elevate. He was a rugged young man and when opportunity offered cheerfully volun-
teered to serve his country. He joined Company G September 20th and mustered
into the United States army October 10, 1862. It was a new life, but the expos-
ure and hardship he was not able to endure. He was taken sick on the picket
line at camp Vermont, Va., sent to the hospital from which he was discharged for
disability November 27, 1862. Returned home, recovered and is now a pensioner re-
siding at Hanover, N. H. Of his life since he left Vermont his comrades know
but little.

HENRY SHINER

was born in Montgomery, Vt., in 1841, and was by occupation a farm hand and
common laborer. Volunteered in September and joined Company G of the 13th
Regiment Vt. Vols. He like most of French descent, made good soldiers. He was
good-natured, well disposed and reliable. There is no doubt but what there was
good reasons for. the camp rumor that he was passionately fond of fricassee chicken
and of course Henry bought quite often a chicken or two from natives in the neigh-
borhood of our camp. It is said Captain Williams and Lieut. Albert Clarke never in-
vestigated from whence the chickens and eggs came that so often appeared on their
mess table. They satisfied their epicurean appetites and said not a word. The
mere fact that Henry was of French descent removed all suspicion from him, though
feathers were often seen in his tent, no dressed poultry ever found beneath his
cotton tent he called home. He was a jovial, well-behaved soldier boy, made no
trouble but plenty of fun. Camping and marching and outdoor life was his delight
and declared he would like to see one good, big fight before he went home to Mont-
gomery. He was in the line of march for seven long days and in the hottest battle
of the war and secured his share of glory at Gettysburg. He was gratified and on
return never tired of relating the gallant conduct of Company G boys in capturing
cannon and General Pickett's brave soldiers. From best information Comrade Shiner
died some years ago.

JOHN SENTON

volunteered from the town of Enosburg September 20, 1862, joined Company G, of
the 13th Regiment Vt. Vols. Was born in 1834. He was of mature age, a farmer
by occupation and by vigor and courage, quite well adapted for arduous service
In the army. Was at all times ready, night or day to shoulder his knapsack and
gun for a march or raid. His nature was eager and aggressive, willing to have a
scrap at any time. Was in fact a good soldier and performed his duty faithfully
and well. He served his term out and returned home to Enosburg feeling he had
done his share of fighting. Since the war we have not been able to learn much of
him. Cannot say if still living.

ORVILLE WHEELER

was born as reported, in the town of Berkshire and some years later his father moved
to Enosburg from which town the son volunteered. His father was a prosperous
farmer and Orville was early taught the same honorable calling. His education was
principally in the common schools of Berkshire and Enosburg. He was a sturdy,
well-behaved young man and very anxious to enlist and his father gave consent re-
luctantly because so young. He joined the Bakersfield company, September 11, and
was mustered into the United States army October 10, 1862, and in less than four
weeks was in the front line between Alexandria and Mount Vernon, Va., doing picket
duty. Cotton tents and damp ground in a Virginia winter and often when on the
march without tents was exposure that he was not able to stand. He was ambitious
to do as much as the older boys of his company, but had been brought up with tender
care under a loved mother's watchful attention.

646 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

His age at enrollment was just past 18 years. Was well developed for one of
his age in body and mind and comprehended the motives of the leaders of the Southern
States to overthrow and destroy the Union. His enthusiastic patriotism was inherited
from his parents and he was determined to volunteer to fight for the right and
preservation of the Republic under whose humane laws he was born. Indeed, he
was a kind-hearted, generous boy, free from guile, pure in thought, upright and
manly in conduct, obedient to orders, prompt, and with a smile took his place in the
line at all times unless excused from duty. He stood the unusual Virginia winter
with a resolute desire to fulfil and discharge the arduous duties of camp, march and
the picket line. His constitution was undermined at Wolf Run Shoals camp, where
for ten long weary weeks exacting duties and the severity of the weather taxed
to the uttermost the physical endurance of the strongest. At this camp our brave
young hero sickened and went into the hospital, recovered and moved with the
regiment to Camp Widow Violet; here he had a relapse, was again taken into the
hospital where he died of disease May 20, 1S63. His fitness for battle was demon-
strated on the occasion of General J. E. B. Stuart's attack In the night at Fairfax
Court House, Va., December 28, 1862. This youthful hero gave his life for his country
and passed to his reward where a majority of his company comrades "one by one,"
he has received as they passed the pearly gates and joined him in the eternal realms
of bliss. No sacrifice was too great when given for the preservation of the Union.
His name is inscribed in the Records of State and as a valiant soldier who died in
service of his country in the Civil War of 1861-.5. Though more than 46 years has
passed, yet on each recurring Memorial Day the flag he loved is raised on his lowly
grave and the early flowers of spring are scattered above his resting place as tokens
of love and affection.

RICHARD YOUNG

was enrolled September 11, 1862, joined the Bakersfield company, letter G a:nd was
mustered into the United States service at Brattleboro with his regiment October
10 and on the front picket line in the defences of Washington near Mount Vernon,
Va., November 2nd and at once commenced the precarious life and strenuous duties
of a soldier in an active campaign. Richard was born in 1841 and enlisted from the
town of Franklin, Vt., was a good soldier and obedient to orders and performed his
duties faithfully and well from first to last. He won the respect of officers and com-
rades and returned to his home after having served his full term, sharing in the
honors of the glorious achievement of his regiment and brigade secured in the turning
battle of the Civil War — Gettysburg.

NELSON GOODSPEED

was born in Montgomery, Vt., September 21, 1839. His father was an intelligent and
successful farmer and a prominent citizen of the town. His stjn, Nelson, had the ad-
vantages of the common schools of Montgomery and Fairfax Institute in the town
of Fairfax, Vt. Young Goodspeed stood well in his town and wafe deservedly popular
among all classes especially the young men and boys, and to him the volunteers from
Montgomery turned and agreed to urge his name tor a lieutenancy at the coming
organization of the Bakersfield company, and on the 11th of September was chosen
second lieutenant with the enthusiastic co-operation of the boys from Berkshire,
Enosburg, Bakersfield and Richford, and all expressed themselves as highly pleased
with his general appearance and looks and soldierly bearing. His courteous conduct
and desire to become acquainted with each member of the company at once won
for him the respect and affectionate regard of the whole company. Though second
lieutenant he was at least the equal of Captain Marvin White, and First Lieutenant
Merritt B. Williams for the responsible duties of an officer. His strict attention
and anxiety to acquire knowledge of the rules and regulations appertaining to th&
official relation to which he had been selected to fill, gave promise of efficiency,
adaptation and usefulness as a soldier, an officer and one who would courageously
do his full duty in the crisis of battle. All were impressed with his eagerness to
have Company G fitted for the new life they were then entering upon.

The 13th Regiment was made ready in haste, mustered in on the 10th of October
and on the way to Washington the next day. The untiring attention of the officers
of the line and exposure in Camp Lincoln resulted in considerable sickness and quite
a number were not able to leave with the regiment lor the seat of war. Lieutenant
Goodspeed after arriving at Camp Lincoln took a severe cold and on the morning of
the day we started for Washington, October 11, was taken to the hospital critically-
ill with pneumonia, where he lay for weeks dangerously sick, and his recovery was
reported doubtful. His youth and vigorous constitution, and the best of care brought
him through, but leaving his lungs so bad that the physicians said the only chance of
recovery from incipient consumption was the vigorous climate and careful nursing at his
mountain home in Montgomery. The disappointment was bitter and hard (for a young_

Biographical and, Historical of Company G. 647

zealous patriotic young man of 22 who had freely volunteered, made all necessary
arrangements and with unusual (ievotlon, anxious to serve his country in its contest
for existence) to bear. He hoped to recover and take his place in his company and
therefore declined to resign his commission for months, hoping he might recover and
join his company and regiment, now on the picket line near Bull Run battlefield. His
sickness was long and for weeks was unconscious; his family and friends overwhelmed
•with grief and apprehensive of death. He returned home as soon as able to be moved
and when fully satisfied he would not be restored to health so as to take part in the
pending campaign on February 6, 1863, tendered his resignation with sincere regrets
that his place in Company G might be filled without further delay. The position
was held open hoping and expecting that Lieutenant Goodspeed would recover and
join his company and regiment, but all were disappointed and sad to learn of his
protracted illness and doubtful recovery, and the news of his resignation, was occasion
of sincere regret by such as had become acquainted with him, especially his company
comrades.

Lieutenant Goodspeed's soldierly appearance in company drill and on dress
parade at Camp Lincoln, uniformed and fully equipped, stalwart and erect, six feet
in height, gave evidence of a model soldier and assurance of valiant performance of
duty in the contest for victory. He fully comprehended, not only the urgent necessity
for volunteers at the date of his enlistment, but the probabilities of death by disease
and in battle, and yet with buoyant hope and an exultant heart left his home, dear
friends and all, to serve his country for the preservation and life of the Union.

Lieutenant Goodspeed recovered after a long convalescence and resumed his place
in the business affairs of his native town, but has ever felt mortified because deprived
of the opportunity of serving his country for the preservation of the Union. Only a
few years ago in conversation with Comrade Goodspeed he said that his deprivation of
service was a bitter disappointment and a lifelong regret. Our respected friend and
comrade declared his manly courage when he volunteered and his extreme sorrow
when obliged to resign. Sickness only prevented him from continuance in the service.
Every act of his life since the Civil War has justified the high regard of his com-
rades that he would have made good on the battlefield, their full expectation when
he was mustered in at Camp Lincoln, October 10, 1862. For many years he has made
his home in St. Albans, where he has led the active life of an up-to-date, successful
farmer. Modest and retiring in disposition, conservative in thought and action, at-
tentive to business, a man of good character, a valuable citizen, commanding the
respect and esteem of neighbors and acquaintances, ever ready and willing to do
his part in promoting every laudable enterprise for the elevation and prosperity of
the community in which he resides. May he live long and die regretted.

THEODORE STOWE,

Barre, Vermont,

Historian of Co. H, 13tli Vt. Vols.

Biographical and Historical

OF

CO. H

Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

CIVIL WAR 1861-1865

Dedicated to the loving memory of Andrew E. Osgood,
mortally wounded in the battle of Gettys-
burg, July 3rd, 1863.

Biographical and Historical of Company H. 651

THE CONDENSED HISTORY OF COMPANY H.

THIS Company in several Important particulars differs from the other nine com-
panies of the 13th Regiment. For some reason the company was not recruited up to
the required number prior to organization and going to Brattleboro to be mus-
tt'ved into the United States army. Only about 50 had actually enrolled and took part
iu company organization, election of officers and these were from Calais, 15; Cabot, 16;
Woodbury, Marshfleld, Worcester and East Montpelier, 18 or 20, making in all some 50
when called to go to Brattleboro for muster in. On arrival the situation was reported
by Captain Peck to Colonel Randall, and by him to Major Austine, of the United States
army, assigned to muster in the new regiments. Colonel Randall was informed that
the 13th Regiment could not be mustered In until every company had the required
number present. Company H must be supplied and the situation demanded haste, for
the government at Washington was anxiously waiting for troops. While Company H
was short of men the other nine companies had more than they required which could
be transferred unless too many were rejected by the medical examination to be made
by the United States surgeons then present and waiting for that purpose. The medical
examination took place and only a few rejected, leaving more or less in each of the
other nine companies available for transfer to Company H if it could be arranged.
Though some of the recruits that had enrolled into the other companies emphatically
objected to being, transferred and threatened to refuse to be mustered in unless could
remain with the companies they had joined; considerable friction and contention arose
and the commissioned officers of the several companies were in trouble as to the out-
come and were not inclined to be responsible or take part in selecting out who should
be transferred. Were of course willing to do anything to aid in making up Company
H to the required number if harmony could be maintained. It was finally arranged,
but not agreeable to all, and in this way Company H was made ready for muster in.
On account of this condition Company H was made up by recruits from 30 different
towns from Chittenden, Washington, Franklin, Lamoille and Grand Isle Counties.
Hence it was truly the only cosmopolitan company in the regiment. They were mostly
strangers to each other and did not mix up pleasantly. The transferred men as a rule
were mad and not inclined to submit to the arbitrary proceeding and some spoke their
minds in no uncertain language because of such treatment and two, three or more
in after years, gave this transfer business as a reason for deserting. It was an unfortu-
nate combination and a stormy time followed; no two agreed on any one question sug-
gested. Company H boys were thankful for the additions and the commissioned officers of
Company H were happy and tried to make matters pleasant for those who came in
from other companies, and did, in a measure, smooth the matters over so that proper
discipline was maintained. It was a long time before Company H could be denominated
a happy family. The raw material transferred was as good as any in the regiment
and finally settled down to business, all realizing the high purposes that induced them
to enlist, accepted the situation and before the spring campaign opened were friendly
and satisfied aud was one of the best fighting companies in the regiment. In passing
it may truthfully be said that the officers of Company H were not lacking in those
qualities essential to inspire, command and lead. Captain Aro P. Slayton was the
leading and dominant spirit in Company H and to him more than any other person is
due the record made by Company H during its term of service especially in the battle
of Gettysburg. Captain Slayton was an exemplary man and officer, a rare disciplinarian
and maintained order by tact and good judgment and fair treatment. He was kind
and generous and all loved and respected him, a man of principle in every relation of
life, was in fact of old Colonial stock that first settled in Brookfleld, Mass, emigrating
from England early in the 17th century. His grandfather and uncles settled in Ver-
mont as among the first settlers during the stirring times of the original Green Moun-
tain Boys and from that time have been prominent men in guiding the affairs of Ver-
mont, ever on the side of the right. Patriotic in thought and action. There were six
Slaytons of the same family in this company and quite a number more in the 13th Regi-
ment. The Slaytons were born and bred, loyal to home and country and were on hand at
all times to defend the right even with their lives. Though this company sailed over a
rather stormy sea in its first weeks of service, it finally acquitted itself with credit
and honor equal to any company in the line. Though made up as it was of so many
different nationalities and creeds of religious views, yet they were among the bravest
heroes in the 13th Regiment and their intrepid conduct in the desperate charge of the
Second Vermont Brigade against General Pickett's right flank won for themselves esteem
at home and unstinted praise for daring deeds in battle and were personally commended
by General Stannard and Colonel Randall. This company represented more towns than
any other and acted with the idea that each must do his best to bravely represent the

652 The Thirteenth Regiment J'erinont Volunteers

town from which he volunteered. Nearly 60 of this company have passed to the beyond
and joined the silent majority waiting tor the grand review that will follow the final
muster out of the noble heroes who followed the Stars and Stripes from Port Sumter
to Appomattox.

"On Fame's eternal camping ground

Their silent tents are spread,
And Glory guards with solemn round.
The bivouac of the dead."

WILLIAM V. PECK

volunteered from the town of Calais in August, 1862; was elected captain of
Company H at its organization, September 23rd. Mustered in October 10th at Brattle-
boro, Vt., 1862. His age at this date was 28. Captain Peck assumed command and
remained with the company attending faithfully to his duties until January 25th, 1863,
at which date he resigned and returned to his home in Vermont. The service did not
agree with him, was taken sick and was told by Dr. Nichols that his constitution
would not permit him to remain longer in the service. (See page 316 for Captain
Peck's picture.)

ORLOFF H. WHITNEY

volunteered under the call of August 4th for 300,000 nine months' men. He was born
in the town of Franklin April 19th, 1839, and therefore at the date of enrollment,
August, 1862, was 23 years old. He counted on the quota of his native town and
joined Highgate Company, so-called, September 11th, 1862, the date of organization. Was
appointed Sergeant and at once took his place as such, and was active in giving
instruction to the green and awkward squads of this company. Sergeant Whit-
ney had experience, having enlisted into Company C, the Ransom Guards of St.
Albans, Vt., under the first call of President Lincoln for 75,000 to serve three months.
Mustered in May 2nd, 1861 and mustered out August 15th, 1861. Had a good common
school education and was an intelligent, fine appearing, good looking, enthusiastic,
patrotic young man as could be found in Vermont. Was well born and brought up.

Comrade Whitney as a true man, loyal to his engagements, soon after being
mustered out on the expiration of his first term of service, married on the 7th day
of February, 1862, Cordelia C. Whitney of Franklin, one of the fair and most estimable
young ladies of Northern Vermont. To them was born one lovely daughter, January
23rd, 1863, while the husband and father was in the service of his country. Sergeant
Whitney attended the organization of the 13th Regiment at Montpelier, Vt.. September
24th, and was appointed Adjutant, in which capacity he served with credit. He was
commissioned as Captain of Company H, January 22nd, 1863, an unusual though proper
recognition of first-class qualification to command a company. Captain Whitney was
prepossessing, ambitious, full of life and push, zealous in the discharge of duty, anxious
for a clean service and to accomplish deeds of valor that the goal of victory and success
might be reached as soon as possible.

His appearance on dress parade as adjutant commanded the admiration of the
whole regiment, and his military bearing and fitness pointed to him for early promo-
tion, and none were surprised when it was made known he had been commissioned
as Captain and assigned to Company H. This position he filled with credit and
satisfaction to the company, no officer of the Line was more popular, and in fact none
gave better promise of sufficient courage and prowess than Captain Whitney. He
was untiring in the preparation of his company for the spring campaign and impend-
ing battle between the army of the Potomac and Northern Virginia.

During the last days of May, 1863, when everything seemed hopeful and propitious,
and Captain Whitney was anxiously waiting for and momentarily expecting a clash
of arms he was quite suddenly stricken down with typhoid fever. His case from the
first was serious and alarming. That he might be more sure of the best of care, was
taken to Alexandria, Va., and placed in one of the many hospitals. Was delirous
from the first and Surgeon Nichols was very anxious. He was placed in a hospital
of good standing and yet in an unguarded moment jumped from an open window to the
street below, resulting in death. This was sad in the extreme. Here was a case of
gross negligence by those in charge. What a pity that one so brave and anxious
to serve his country and help save the Union should be deprived of life under

Biographical and Historical of Company H. 653

such deplorable circumstances. True it is, however that this noble and patriotic
soldier of the Republic offered and gave up his young life on the altar of his country
as fully as if shot on the battlefield. His surviving comrades were fully satisfied
that the death of Captain Whitney was the result of negligence and no investigation
would restore to life or in any manner appease the grief and just indignation of his
comrades and friends. Captain Whitney was buried in his native town, where once
a year on Memorial Day the heroes of the Republic and wife and daughter and dear
friends gather to garland the resting place of the sacred dead with the early flowers
of spring and unfold above his grave the Stars and Stripes he volunteered to defend.
The widow of this Green Mountain Boy resides with her only child, the wife of Olln
Merrill, Enosburg Falls, Vt., Jan. 1909. (See page 316 for picture.) R. O. S.

ARO PHINEAS SLAYTON

son of Bucklin and Sally (Willis) Slayton was born at Calais, Vt., September 16th,
1818, enlisted in Company H, 13th Vt. Inf., August 19th, 1862; was elected 1st Lieut.,
mustered into service October 10th, promoted to Captain June 28th, 1863, and honorably
discharged July 21st of same year. Of his war record, I will say but little, as it would
be unbecoming for me, his son, to boast of his achievements, but from what has beeii
told me I know that he was a brave soldier, an efficient officer and popular with his
men. He was with his company and regiment in the long march to, and the three
days' fight at Gettysburg, after which his company was with the Brigade in a forced
march in pursuit of General Lee's retreating army over the mountains to Littletown,
Maryland, where on the 9th of July was detached and started for Vermont to be
mustered out.

That he was not the first of his race to fight for his country is attested by the fact
that his great grandfather, Phineas Slayton fought three years in the old French and
Indian War, and was also an officer in the Revolution; his grandfather, Jesse Slayton
enlisted in the Revolution at the age of 14, and his father Bucklin Slayton served in
the war of 1812. His great grandfather, Nathaniel Bucklin and his maternal grandfather
Edmund Willis, were also soldiers of the Revolution. Going back still further, we
find that he was a descendant of the famous Captain James Parker of Groton and
Watertown, Mass., whose house was a garrison during King Phihip's War, and for a
long time, the only white man with whom King Phillip would confer. He was also a
descendant of Comfort Willis of Bridgewater, Mass., who served in King Phillip's
War and left a manuscript history of the same which is preserved in the Library of
the Massachusetts Historical Society in Boston. There were other ancestors who
fought in the several Colonial Wars, which for lack of space we will not mention.
But while his ancestors could fight if necessary, they were of the peace loving kind
as well. In the records of the Massachusetts "Society of Mayflower Descendants,"
Boston, he is recorded as a descendant of James Chilton Francis and Samuel Eaton
Francis Cooke, and others of the Mayflower pilgrims including Dr. Samuel Fuller,
the* Mayflower physician.

When a young man he learned the carpenter's trade from his father, who is said
to have been the first in the State to frame a building by what is known as the square
rule. This trade was followed in Vermont and Massachusetts with the exception of
a period during which he conducted a starch factory in Calais. In 1861 he bought
a tract of wild land in the southeast corner of Elmore on which is now known as the
Eagle Ledge road, and erected a sawmill, the wheels of which were started for the
first time Thanksgiving Day, 1862, but his love of country was stronger than the desire
for private gain, and turning over the business for a time to his brother Geo. J., he
moved his family back to Calais, and enlisted leaving his wife, a braver and more
Christian woman than whom never lived, with five small children to look after with
one more to be born during his absence.

In figure he was tall, square shouldered, of a decided military bearing, very much
of an athlete, and a dead shot, always bringing the gun to his left shoulder and firing
almost instantly without seeming to take any aim. He liked nothing better than a
good story, and the writer well remembers as a boy sitting up until midnight to hear
visiting comrades and himself tell of their experiences. He was an especial admirer
of Colonel Randall, and I remember on several occasions of hearing him say that to
Randall should be given much of the credit of breaking Pickett's charge at Gettysburg.

His account of it as I remember was that Colonel Randall first saw the opportunity
and ordered the building of the rail fence, and that General Stannard exclaimed,
"That's right. Colonel go ahead, go ahead," and immediately the ran fence breast-
work was erected. There are one or two anecdotes relative to his service which I
remember so well that I will endeavor to give them.

One evening while camping at some point the exact location of which 1 do not
remember, he and one of his lieutenants had occasion to ride on horse back some)
distance from camp not returning until toward morning, they discovered much to
their chagrin that three members of their Company who had been detailed for picket
duty were asleep at the foot of a tree with their guns leaning against the opposite side.

■654 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

After consulting a moment, they crept up to the tree and having secured the guns,
retreated a short distance and gave a wild yell. Instantly the pickets sprang to their
feet and for their guns which to their consternation were not to be found. After a
few moments the officers made themselves Known and after administering a sharp
reprimand, informed the men that while the penalty for the offence was death, on
account of their previous good record and fatigue from over work they should say
nothing about it unless the men themselves spoke of it, in which case all would be
liable to court martial. To this one of the men replied, "Guess if you don't say any-
thing about it, Captain, we sha'nt," and he never did. Years after when the war was
over, the men told of it themselves.

I have heard him tell many times in a laughing way, of Stoughton's "Going to
the front." One of his men tells me that the captain picked up a musket or rifle one
day at Gettysburg, and used it quite freely, and that Colonel Randall noticing this
exclaimed, "Company H has a new recruit." He had several narrow escapes at
Gettysburg, his hat rim was shot oft close enough to his head to have the bullet singe
his hair, and on another occasion while stooping over to pick up a knife, a shell which
would have struck him in the chest had he been standing, knocked him down and
exploded killing several men directly back of him. He considered that the knife
saved his life and always kept it.

He was married in Calais, July 22nd, 1846 to Lucy Blanchard, daughter of John
and Catherine (Smith) White, and to them were born five sons and four daughters.
Seven of his children are now living, viz: Frank L. a farmer in Elmore, Herbert A., a
carpenter in Montpelier, Calvin A. an electrician in Morrisville, Mrs. Clara I. Barker
and Mrs. Lucy M. Connors of Chippewa Falls, Wis., Orrin L. a farmer in Calais, and
William T. the writer of this sketch, a physician in Morrisville. During his residence
in Calais and Elmore, Captain Slayton was honored, or burdened, with nearly every
town office within the gift of the inhabitants representing the latter town in the
Legislature of 1868.

On his return from the War he moved the family back to Elmore where he
followed lumbering, farming and bridge building until 1885. During this period he
is said to have built partly by contract over seventy-five railroad bridges on the
Central Vermont, Montpelier & Wells River, Boston, Concord & Montreal, and N. V.
& N. E. railroads. In 188.5 he sold his lumber business to two of his sons and moved
back to his native town, Calais, residing there until 1893 when he moved to Hyde
Park where he died December 11th, 1899, of valvular disease of the heart, resulting
from rheumatism contracted in the service, and is buried in the village cemetery at
that place. Honest and upright himself, generous and hospitable to a fault, he
allowed others to impose upon him, and died a comparatively poor man.

His sword, a priceless heritage, with my membership certificate in the "Military
Order of Lhe Loyal Legion" hangs near my desk at this writing and to look at It is
to realize that I have done scant justice to this sketch and to wish I could do more
to honor his memory as well as that of all others who "wore the blue," and were not
found wanting in the time of need. (See page 316, picture.) •

Yours very respectfully,

WILLIAM T. SLAYTON.
Morrisville, Vt., April 10th, 1905.

SECOND LIEUTENANT HIRAM PERKINS

volunteered from the town of Cabot, Vt., in August. 1862, and counted on the quota
of that town. He was active in securing recruits and at the organization of what was
called at that time as the Lafayette Artillery of Calais, was elected second lieutenant,
and at once took his position as such and was duly commissioned September 23rd, 1862.
Lieutenant Perkins was one of the older officers of the line, and a man of character
and influence. The Lafayette Artillery of Calais like the Emmett Guards of Burling-
ton were mustered in as Companies A and H of the 13th Regiment,
There was considerable confusion and some mix up with Calais com-
pany before finally mustered in. This company on arriving at Brattleboro,
September 29th for muster in had only some 60 members, and therefore could not be
mustered in until the requisite number was made up. Quite a number of the other
companies had more than the required number, and transfers were made to Company
H, and in this manner Company H soon had the required number. This change created
some feeling but no other way. Lieutenant Perkins is entitled to much credit for the
manner in which this mix up was arranged. It always required skill and tact to get
along with Vermont volunteers for they were quite independent and expressed their
minds fearlessly on all questions affecting their comfort and pleasure. Lieutenant
Perkins was cool, sedate, rather austere and well calculated to manage a lot of green,
raw recruits .iust entering into the life of soldiers. Lieutenant Perkins commanded
the respect of all and his conduct exemplary, a dignified gentleman evidently one of
the old school. The mere fact that he was promoted to 1st Lieutenant in his own
company was complimentary and expressed his standing in his own company, and

Biographical and Historical of Company H. 655

how he was regarded by Colonel Randall who recommended promotions. Lieutenant
Perkins was a man oil tew words, of deep conviction and when satisfied what was
right was not to he swerved by feelings of sentiment or theories that had no moral
or just foundation to support them. His conduct as an officer was just and fair, worthy
of emulation. Was a man of action and demonstrated by his deeds the undaunted
courage and high patriotic devotion that induced him to volunteer. On the battlefield
of Gettysburg none displayed more sublime conduct or valiant action in the decisive
moments of General Pickett's desperate charge against General Stannard's Second
Vermont Brigade in the valley of Plum Run, than Lieutenant Hiram Perkins. He was
a native born hero, willing to stand by and fight for the right and preservation of the
Union with his last breath. He served with credit and was mustered out with the
regiment with honor and returned home with an untarnished character. Resumed his
place in society and died respected and regretted. He is buried at Cabot, Vt. (His
picture will be found on page 318.)

SERGEANT WALTER A. PHILLIPS

volunteered from the town of Calais, August, 1862, and joined Company H, and at its
organization was appointed 1st Sergeant, and when a vacancy occurred in his company
was commissioned and promoted to Second Lieutenant in Company H. This was a
very proper recognition for a young man only 20, and was evidence of excellent quali-
fications and merit. Indeed he was a model young man and had been well brought
up and stood high with the officers of Company H, and was deservedly popular in his
company. He acquitted himself wtih credit on all occasions. Was in fact one of the
most enthusiastic and energetic of Company H. Was ready for duty and willing to
respond no matter how arduous the task or serious the matter. His disposition was
kind and generous, endeavoring to make his associates happy and buoyant and to
prepare them for battle which he believed was certain before our term as a regiment
expired. He did much on the seven days' march to Gettysburg to keep the boys
cheered up and remain in the ranks ready for the impending battle. No doubt it can
be truthfully affirmed that among so many valiant young officers of the 13th Regiment,
not one made a better record in the Gettysburg campaign and fight than Lieutenant
Phillips. He was mustered out with the regiment July 21st, 1863, and returned to his
home proud that it had been his privilege to serve his country in time of greatest
need and in the 13th Regiment. Lieutenant Phillips though much attached to his
native state and loved the hills, valleys and streams of boyhood days, went into the
great west and settled in Chicago, 111., where he died February 5th, 1901, and there
he is buried. (His picture will be seen on page 318.)

SERGEANT CHARLES ROSWELL WHITE

volunteered from the town of Calais, Vt., August 19th, 1862, hut was born in Wheelock,
Vt., June 21st, 1832; enrolled in Company H at the age of 30 and at this time was a
rugged, vigorous young man, well adapted to the life of a soldier. His occupation at
enlistment was a carpenter and farmer and an intelligent well brought up person.
Was appointed Sergeant and performed his duties with credit until taken sick and
sent to the hospital. Was discharged February 3rd, 1863 by reason of disability. All
of his company regretted his departure, but not one so much as himself. Returned
home but never fully recovered. His occupation has been since the war carpenter
and bridge builder. Has ever been an industrious, reliable and useful citizen. His
present residence is Morrisville, Vt., Name of his wife, Harriet A. (McNight) White,
died May 17th, 1901. Names of children, George E. White, Wolcott, Vt.; Mrs. W. N.
Silloway, Morrisville, Vt. ; W. L. White, Hardwick, Vt. (See page 318 for picture of
comrade Sergeant White.)

SERGEANT HORACE GARDNER

volunteered from the town of Calais, Vt., in September, 1862, and joined Company H.
Was appointed 1st Sergeant June 4th, 1863 because he merited the honor. His age at
enrollment was 27. A fine speciman of physical build, every indication of being able
to endure the occupation of a soldier in an active campaign. He was a good non-
commissioned officer and first class soldier. He did himself credit in the battle of
Gettysburg. Was mustered out with his regiment July 21st, 1863. Returned home
and resumed his place in society and continued an honored citizen.

SERGEANT CHARLES M. McKNIGHT

enlisted from the town of Calais, Vt., August, 1862, at the age of 22 and joined Com-
pany H. Was appointed Sergeant in which capacity he served until stricken down
with sickness and sent to the hospital where he died May 24th, 1863. He was a very

656 The Thirteenth Regunent Vermont Volunteers

highly respected young man and stood well among his comrades. His conduct at
Fairfax Court House, December 28th, 1862 when our Brigade was attacked by General
J. E. B. Stuart gave promise of sufficient courage for any duty on the battlefield,
He was cool, brave and active. (See page 320 for picture.)

SERGEANT THOMAS SLAYTON 2ND

volunteered from the town of Calais, at the age of 22 in August, 1862, and joine-i
Company H. His education was in the old district schools of the State, and was quite
an intelligent person, patriotic and devoted to the cause of the Union. Was appointed
5th Sergeant and filled this position with unusual ability until taken down with sick-
ness on account of exposed duties at camp Wolf Run Shoals. Was sent to the hospital
where he died April 7th, 1863. He was a young man of promise as a soldier, and all
of his comrades mourned his death. (His picture will be seen on page 320.)

CORPORAL MARVIN WHEELER

volunteered from the town of Royalton, and counted on the quota of that town, August
19th at the age of 43, and joined Company H and was appointed corporal and served
as such until discharged with his regiment, July 21st, 1863. While comrade Wheeler
was a good soldier, the life was too strenuous for one of his age, and yet he did his duty
well and never faltered on the march or in battle. Returned home and resumed his
place in the busy walks of life, and is a respected citizen, proud of the fact that he
served his country when there was need of men to stand by the Union.

CORPORAL THEODORE STOW

volunteered from the town of Woodbury, Vt., August 19th, 1862, at the age of 26, and
joined Company H. Was born in Canada January 23rd, 1836. Was appointed 1st
Corporal and subsequently promoted October, 1862 to Sergeant,, and in this capacity
served until mustered out with the regiment, July 21st, 1863. Was in the repulse of
General J. E. B. Stuart at Fairfax Court House December 28th, 1862, and in this
engagement demonstrated his fitness not only as a brave soldier but as an efficient
officer. Was in the battle of Gettysburg, Pa., and displayed manly courage and
prowess in that great fight equal to any. Was a gallant soldier and did his full share
in securing victory in the desperate charge against General Pickett's right flank in
the valley of Plum Run.

His brother, William served in Company F, Second Vermont Infantry and was killed
In the battle of the Wilderness May 4th, 1864. His brother Loomis served in Company K,
2nd Vt. Inf., and discharged October 2nd, 1862, and died two days after his return
liome. His brother Lorenzo served in the 12th Rhode Island Inf., and died at Falmouth
in the winter of 1862-3. Stow Post No. 29 was named after William Stow who was the
first man to volunteer from the town of Calais. The subject of this sketch married
Hortense A. Batchelder of Walden, Vt., July 21st, 1860. To them were born two children,
William L., born August 13th, 1862 and Frank H., born November 19th, 1865. Comrade
Theodore is a member of Stow Post G. A. R. and the Washington County Veteran
Association. His wife is grand daughter of Captain James Wheeler and great grand-
daughter of Comfort Wheeler of the Revolutionary War. It is evident that the Stow
family were patriotic at birth and continued so through the Civil War, and no doubt
the family are still loyal and devoted to the Union. During the charge against General
Pickett's right flank. Sergeant Marble who carried the colors was wounded and the
flag went down, six of the color guard being killed and wounded. Colonel Randall
picked up the colors and handed them to Sergeant Stow and from that time were
carried by Comrade Sergeant Stow until mustered out at Brattleboro, July 21st, 1863.

CORPORAL ANDREW J. SLAYTON

vohmteered from the town of \v^orcoster. Vt., September 18th. 1861, Company G, 6th
Regt. Vt. Vol., and discharged January 24th, 1862. Re-enlisted into Comnany H, 13th
Regiment in August, 1862, and was mustered out with his regiment July 21st, 1863,
having served his full term and returned to Vermont and remained at home a while,
but his ardor for the cause of the Union was not satisfied and again re-enlisted and
into Company E, 8th Vt. Vol. for one year and was mustered out June 28th, 1865, after
close of the war. It goes without saying this comrade was not only a patriot but
a valiant soldier. (See page 322 for his picture.)

CORPORAL EDWIN CUDWORTH

enrolled from the town of Woodbury, Vt., August 19th, 1862 at the age of 23, and
joined Company H. Was promoted to Sergeant May 29th, 1863, and mustered out July

Biographical and Historical of Company H. 657

21st, 1863. The fact that he was promoted is the best evidence of a faithful and
efficient soldier. He was at his post of duty always and ready to do his full duty.
On the seven days' march to Gettysburg he was cheerful and determined, and on the
battlefield alert and brave. (See page 320 for his picture.)

CORPORAL DORMAN CONNER

volunteered from the town of Calais, Vt., in August, 1862 at the age of 24, and joined
Company H and served his full term of enlistment, and was mustered out July 21st,
1863. Was a good corporal and a valiant soldier. (See page 320 fur his picture.)

CORPORAL FREDERIC CORLISS

enlisted from the town of Cabot, Vt., September 18th, 1862, at the age of 33, and joined
Company H;made corporal on the organization of the company and was promoted
sergeant June 4th, 1863. He was on hand and willing and ready for duty night and
day, anxious to serve his country. Returned home and has ever been a loyal, industrious
citizen, and resides in St. Johnsbury, Vt.

CORPORAL JOHN W. ROBINSON

enlisted from the town of Walden, Vt., September 16th, 1862 at the age of 28, and joined
Company H. Was made corporal and later, April 7, 1863, promoted sergeant.
Mustered out July 21st, 1863 and returned home and resumed his place in society ever
proud of the fact that he served his country as a soldier, when loyalty and patriotism
prompted the valiant sons of the Green Mountain State to freely volunteer. Present
address, Barre, Vt.

WILLIAM 0. WHITE

was born at Calais, Vt.. August oth, 1841. In 1866 went to Lake Village, now Lake-
port, N. H. In 1867 was married to Martha J. Cole, daughter of the late Isaac P.
Cole of Lake Village, and has since resided in that place which is now known as
Lakeport the 6th ward of the city of Laconia. Since our marriage two children have
been born to us, Lucy Cole, born June 13th, 1872, and Susie Prazer, born February 1st,
1882. The following is a brief story of my ancestry and something of my army life:

My father, John White, Jr., was born in New Boston, N. H., March 21st, 1800.
My mother Catherine Smith was born in Williston, Vt., July 5th, 1796. My grand-
father, John White was born in New Boston, N. H., September 21st, 1774. My great
grandfather, William White, for whom I was named, was born in Litchfield, N. H., in
February, 1730. His father Henry White came to this country in January, 1730 from
Londonderry, Ireland, where he was born about 1706. His great grandfather came
from Londonderry, England about the time the Mayflower left for America. He was
wounded at the siege of Londonderry, Ireland. My first enlistment was at Calais, Vt.,
August 6th, 1862. I served my time in Company H of the "Grand old Thirteenth Ver
mont," which was commanded by Francis V. Randall the typical colonel of Vermont.
I held the important position of corporal and was wounded at the battle of Gettysburg
July 2nd, where the "Thirteenth" made its famous advance across the Ridge near the
wheat field, just at the right of Bloody Run.

In 1885 I visited Gettysburg and went over the wheat field and also to the brick
house in front of which we lay. Of course my comrades have not forgotten the well-
curb. I have had the pleasure but once of visiting the reunion of the old Thirteenth
and that was at the time we raised the funds for the Randall monument. I ,iervi>d
on the committee, made the pencil drawing of the monument, and furnished the top or
the urn, which I bought at Ryegate, Vt. I then got Captain Aro P. Slayton to contribute
the stock for the remainder of the monument. As I am much interested in the history
which is being written, I regret to say that I have no picture taken at the time of
my enlistemnt, but will send one before you go to press which is of recent date, and
one taken in 1861. If you are interested to know anything of my private life I will
say that I was for eighteen years connected with the Union Publishing Co., of
Manchester, and lately have had no particular calling. Am too old. From a most In-
terested member of the 13th Vt. Reg., who gladly bore with the rest, its ups and downs,
and with it all, was in the hospital only one night, just before I came home.

(See page 224 for pictures of Corporal White.)

Yours,

WILLIAM O. WHITE,

Lakeport, N. H.

658 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

ELI A. RIGKARD

volunteered from the town of Woodbury, Vt., August 19th, 1862 at the age of 24, and
joined Company H, and was appointed musician. The winter camps of Fairfax Court
House and Wolf Run Shoals with much exposed and constant duty undermined the
constitution of Comrade Rickard, and he was sick and sent to the hospital and died
February 26th, 1863.

ISAAC CLIFFORD

enlisted from the town of Calais on the 19th day of August, 1862, and joined Company
H, and was made wagoner. His age at this date was 38, and on account of age and
other suitable qualification fulfilled the laborious and often dangerous and exposed
position with credit. Was mustered out with his regiment July 21st, 1863.

CHARLES S. ADAMS

was one of the bold volunteers from the town of Cabot, Vt., and counted on the quota
of that town. His age was 20 and served with credit until discharged July 21st, 1863.
He now resides in Marshfield, Vt., a reliable and honored citizen. (See page 340 for
his picture.)

MARCUS AINSWORTH

volunteered from the town of Calais, August 19th, 1862 at the age of 37, and joined
Company H. Served his full term in this company and on November 30th, 1863, re-
enlisted into Company I, and was transferred to Company D January 24th, 1865, and
mustered out August 25th, 1865 by reason of the close of the war. He was a valiant
soldier and had an opportunity to experience hard fighting not only in the 13th Regiment
but in the 11th Vt. (See page 328 for his picture.)

EDWARD E. AUSTIN

volunteered from the town of Rochester, August 26th, 1862 at the age of 25, soldiering
was too hard for his constitution and was taken sick and sent to the hospital from
which he was discharged for disability and returned home where he soon recovered
and re-enlisted into Company M, 1st Regt., Vt. Cav., August 9th, 1864, and was mustered
out June 21st, 1865. (See page 330 for his pictures.)

SAMUEL AUSTIN, JR.

enlisted from the town of Warren, Vt., August 29th, 1862 at the age of 32. He had
the fun of being captured on the way from camp Carusi to Fairfax Station at the time
of the capture of our teams by some of Mosby's bush whackers, but was at once paroled
and he returned to camp none the worse for wear except a horse back ride for
some 20 miles without blanket or saddle. Mustered out July 21st, 1863. (See picture
on page 340.)

EDWARD BAILEY

volunteered from the town of Woodbury, Vt., August 19th, 1862, at the age of 23, and
joined Company H on the date of its organization. Served his full term and was
mustered out with his regiment July 21st, 1863.

JERRY BISCORNER

enlisted September 8th, 1862 from the town of Morristown at the age of 22, and joined
Company H; served his full term and was mustered out with his regiment July 21st,
1863, with an honorable and clean record as a soldier. Now resides in Elmore, Vt.

ORVIS P. BOYLES

volunteered from the town of Cabot, September 8th, 1862 at the age of 25, and joined
Company H; served his full term and was mustered out July 21st, 1863. Resides in
Cabot, Vt. (See page 338 for his picture.)

ELI BROWN

was from the town of North Hero, and enlisted the 25th day of August, 1862, and
joined Company H. His age was 23. Served his full term and made a good soldier,
and was discharged July 21st, 1863.

Biographical and Historical of Company H. 659

JOSEPH BROWN

volunteered from the town of North Hero, Vt., Septemher 11th, 1862 at the age of 18,
and joined Company H. Served his term in the 13th Regiment and returned home;
and on the 17th of November, 1863, re-enlisted and into Company D, 1st Vt. Cav. Was
transfered to Company C, June 21st, 1865, and was mustered out August, 1865.

WALTER BURKE

enlisted from the town of Calais, August 19th, 1862 at the age of 21, and joined Com-
pany H. Was taken sick at Camp Wolf Run Shoals, sent to the hospital and died
March 4th, 1863. (See page 334 for his picture.)

FERGUS GANNON

volunteered from the town of Montpelier October 10th, 1862 at the age of 38, and
joined Company H, transferred from Company A. Served his term and was discharged
July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted November 25th, 1863, and joined Company C, 17th Vt. Vols.,
and was mustered out when the war was over, July 14th, 1865. (See page 350 for
picture.)

NELSON CATARACT

enlisted from the town of North Hero, Vt., August 20th, 1862 at the age of 22, and
joined Company H. Served his full term and was mustered out with his regiment
July 21st, 1863. He now resides in Waterbury, Vt.

AMOS C. CHASE

volunteered from the town of Stowe on the 8th day of September, 1862 at the age of

43, and joined Company H. Served out his term of enlistment and re-enlisted on the
14th day of September, 1863 into Company C, 17th Regiment. Wounded May 12th,
1864 and September 30th, 1864, and discharged June 12th, 1865.

CHARLES J. CHAMBERLIN

volunteered from the town of Eden, Vt., on the date of September 8th, 1862, at the age
of 32, and joined Company H. Served out his term of service and was discharged July
21st, 1863.

THOMAS COLLINS

volunteered from the town of North Hero, Vt., on the 11th day of September, 1862 at
the age of 42, and joined Company H. Discharged November 20th, 1862, because of
disability.

HENRY DAKEN

volunteered from the town of Montpelier, Vt., on September 27th, 1862 at the age of

44, and joined Company H. Though too old for soldier life served out his full term,
and was mustered out with the regiment July 2nd, 1863. He was patriotic and devoted
and did his best to serve his country.

MARCUS DEMERIT

volunteered from the town of Eden, Vt., September 8th, 1862 at the age of 29, and
joined Company H. Served out his term of enlistment and was honorably discharged
July 21st, 1863. (See page 336 for picture.)

JOHN K. DOW

volunteered from Cabot, Vt., on the 8th of September, 1862 at the age of 18, and joined
Company H. He died in the service, May 16th, 1863.

CLIFFUS DRUGG

volunteered from the town of Stowe, Vt., August 25th, 1862 at the age of 18, and joined
Company H. Served out his term of enlistment and honorably discharged July 21st,
1863. Re-enlisted November 17th, 1863 in Company D, 11th Vermont Regiment, was
wounded August 21st, 1864, and mustered out May 22nd, 1865. (See his picture on
page 340.)

66o The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

WILLIAM EMERSON

volunteered from the town ot Stowe, September 18th, 1862 at the age of 27, and joined
Company H. Served his term of enlistment and was discharged July 21st, 1863.

CHARLES 0. ESTES

volunteered August 19th, 1862 from the town of Calais, Vt., at the age of 27, and joined
Company H. Served his term of enlistment and mustered out July 21st, .1863. (See
page 332 for his picture.)

HENRY FASSETT

son of Lorenzo and Laura Webb Passett was born at Montgomery, Vt., June 23rd, 1827,
and at the age of 13 years moved to the town of Enosburg, Vt. During the war of 1812
two of my uncles served, one as a corporal and the other as musician. I was married
December 6th, 1875 to Ida L. Pepper of Enosburg, Vt., two daughters have been bom,
Lena V. and Olive F. I enlisted September 9th, 1862 in Company G, 13th Regt. Vt. Vol.,
but was soon transferred to Company H in which Company I served during the nine
months for which I volunteered to serve. My first service was in my town and
Bakersfleld learning how to walk straight and orderly. It was quite a task to form a
line with a dozen other raw recruits. If any doubt it let them try it. After leaving
Bakersfield we spent two weeks in Brattleboro fitting ourselves for army life. Our
fare here was very home like, but our first ration outside of Vermont was soup brought
in what looked like swill barrels, no one knew whether they had ever been washed or
not. If any one wanted a potato the driver would bare his arm and reach to the bot-
tom of the barrel and get one. Our next ration was in Philadelphia where everything was
fine.

Prom there we were reduced to the level of cattle and loaded into box cars with a
few seats for those who were fortunate enough to secure them while the remainder of
us could sit or stand on the floor as we chose, and here we rode nearly all night with
only the light of the moon to cheer us on our way. As we passed through Baltimore
every man was ordered to load his gun and fill his cartridge box for fear we might be
fired upon as others had been before. We got through all right but our train was
so heavy we broke apart before reaching Washington. Our first night there was
passed on the bare floor of the station. While in Washington, I was detailed as Bugler
on General Casey's Staff for a short time. After leaving Washington we crossed the
Potomac River into Virginia and passed Arlington Heights a few miles and halted at
a place we called camp Seward, and from there we went to Camp Vermont near
Alexandria, Va. Here we stayed for some time and one night we were ordered to go
to Union Mills about thirty-miles distant for guard duty. It was so dark we could not
see without a lantern and I slept part of the time while walking. Towards morning
a heavy rain storm set in and we went into camp for the remainder of the night, and
I slept sitting at the roots of a tree. The next morning we completed our journey to
Union Mills and stayed there a week, then returned to Camp Vermont on platform cars
in a smart snow storm in the night, and went into camp in the dark in snow nearly
knee deep. As the result of our exposure we filled the hospital pretty well and some
graves. We soon had an order to go to Fairfax Court House, Va. Here we had to
head oif Mosby's Raid which was done with no loss.

Prom there we did picket duty at Centerville and surroundings for some time,
then we moved south by Fairfax Station and made a long strip of corduroy road to a
ferry on the Occoquan River. Here we guarded the ferry and heights until June.
When Lee invaded the north we followed him and overtook him at Gettysburg, and
helped to whip him and drive him back across the Potomac River there to stay. Soon
after we returned to Brattleboro, Vt., and were mustered out. After which I came home
and began farming, which occupation I followed until a few years ago when I retired
from active business.

See page 344 for pictures. HENRY FASSETT.

WILLIAM H. FLETCHER

volunteered from the town of Cabot, Vt., September 8th, 1862 at the age ot 24, and
joined Company H. Served out his full term of enlistment and was mustered out
with his regiment July 21st, 1863. Nothing appearing to the contrary it is assumed
that he was a good soldier and did his duty from first to last, and returned home with
a clean record and a good reputation while in the service. The author is unable to
recall anything in particular as to Comrade Fletcher. The mere fact of promotion from
the ranks to corporal shows his capacity and fitness as a soldier and how he was
regarded by the company officers. He was a resolute and devoted person, and on the
march and in the battle of Gettysburg was alert and did his duty in the great charge
against General Pickett as well and heroically as the best. (His picture on page 324
show him to have been cool and brave in battle.)

Biographical and Historical of Company H. 66i

GREGORY FLOOD

volunteered from the town of Middlesex in August, 1862 at the age ol 18, and Joined
Company H. He being the only volunteer from this town to join Company H. It is
evident he was transferred from Company B to help make up the required number of
Company H that it might be mustered in at Brattleboro as a full company. He was a
well behaved young man and discharged his several duties with fidelity and prompt-
ness. Served his term of enlistment and was discharged with the regiment July 21st,
1863, and returned home and settled down in life and became a well disposed and
useful citizen. (See page 344 for his picture.)

HIRAM FOSTER

volunteered from Duxbury, Vt., in August at the age of 18, and joined Company H by
transfer. He was not very rugged and pretty young for soldier life. The arduous
duties of the fall and winter and exposure was too much for his delicate constitution.
Was taken sick, sent to the hospital where he died March 26th, 1863. Such was the
fate of many of the patriotic boys who volunteered in this regiment.

CHARLES C. GIBSON

volunteered from the town of Cabot, September 8th, 1862 at the age of 18, and joined
Company H. Served his full term of enlistment and was mustered out with his
regiment July 21st, 1863. Returned to his home among the hills of his native county
happy and proud because he had obeyed the mandates of conscience and responded
when his country called for volunteers. Comrade Gibson was one of those enthu-
siastic boys from Cabot that laid aside work on the farm and desire for an education
left home and friends, gave up all to fight for the preservation of the Union. He was
a faithful, loyal and devoted soldier on hand for fun or duty, march, raid, or battle,
anxious to do his full share regardless of danger. He moved out west soon after the
war and now resides in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. We have not seen our esteemed comrade
for many years, and know nothing as to his success in life or how he has been. We
regret that he did not furnish a biographical sketch for the book that his old comrades
might know of him and his family. It is too bad that the circular sent and calling
for material, pictures, etc., did not reach him. We hope he is still alive and happy,
and as loyal and brave as when he followed the Stars and Stripes in the great charge
of the Second Vermont Brigade under command of General Stannard against General
Pickett's right flank in Plum Run Valley of Gettysburg, Pa., July 3rd, 1863.

LYMAN B. HINKSON

volunteered from the town of Calais, Vt., August 19th, 1862 at the age of 42, and joined
Company H. I do not recall much as to this comrade, I thought too old for a soldier.
It seems he was able to endure the deprivations of soldier life and perform his duty
as well as the best of his company comrades. He found some fault when detailed to
work with spike and pick building Fort Lyon and said he enlisted to fight and not to
build mud forts. He was however obedient and faithful and responded when called
night or day. Was in fact a good soldier and made a good record. Was mustered out
at the expiration of his term of service July 21st, 1863, and returned home, resumed his
place and occupation proud of the fact that he had served as a common soldier,
battling for right, home and country. (See page 342 for his pictures.)

HENRY HOBART

volunteered from Calais, Vt., September 8th, 1862 at the age of 18, and joined Com-
pany H. He was discharged April 25th, 1863 by reason of disability. Re-enlisted
August 11th, 1864 into the 1th Regt., Vt. Vols., and was assigned to Company I. Mustered
out June 24th, 1865. It is evident he was patriotic and brave. His record made was
clean and all right as a good fighting soldier, though a mere boy did his full share to
serve the Union. Remained in the service until the end of the war.

CHARLES L. HOUGHTON

volunteered September 8th, 1862 at the age of 24, and joined Company H. Discharged
at Brattleboro, Vt., May 11th, .1863 on account of disability contracted in the service.
He returned home but never fully recovered from the effect of his army life.

662 The Thirteenth Regiment l/'ermont Volunteers

SILAS G. JOHNSON

volunteered from the town of Cabot, Vt., September 8th, 1862 at the age of 33, and
joined Company H. Promoted corporal May 29th, 1863. Comrade Johnson earned
the chevron stripes that adorned the sleeves of the coat he wore and he was proud
and thankful. He was a first class man and soldier, and throughout his service dis-
played good judgment and was alert, never flinching from any duty no matter
how dangerous the service. (See page 326 for his picture.)

EZRA KEYES

volunteered from the town of Berkshire, Vt., September 9th, 1862 at the age of 23, and
joined Company H. Wounded in the battle of Gettysburg July 3rd, 1863, and was in
general hospital when the regiment was mustered out, July 21st, 1863, and was dis-
charged from the hospital and from the service October 7th, 1863. He displayed
great courage during the battle and was quite seriously wounded in the sanguinary
charge against General Pickett's right flank.

ISAAC KIMBALL

volunteered from the town of Cabot, Vt., September 8th, 1862 at the age of 23, and
joined Company H, and was discharged June 3rd, 1863 on account of disability. Re-
enlisted September 17th, 1863, into Third Battery Light Artillery and died March 26th,
1864 of disease. (See page 342 for his picture.)

LEANDER KIRBY

volunteered from the town of Waterbury, Vt., August 25th, 1862 at the age of 18, and
joined Company H. Served faithfully and discharged every duty from first to last, and
was mustered out at the end of his enlistment with equal credit to the best in his
company and regiment (Turn to page 328, and see a fine speciman of a man now
60 years old who when in battle was as brave as any that fought at the great battle
of Gettysburg.)

WILLIAM KIRKLAND

volunteered from the town of Barre, Vt., August 25th, 1862 at the age of 21, and
joined Company H. Mustered out with his regiment July 2lBt, 1863, returned home
but remained in civil life but a few days, and then re-enlisted into Third Battery
Light Artillery, September 5th, 1863, and continued in the service until the close of
the war, and then was mustered out with a good clean record as a soldier.

JOHN B. KUSIC

volunteered from the town of Stowe, Vt., September 8th, 1862 at the age of 21, and
joined Company H. Served until discharged with his regiment July 21st, 1863. Re-
enlisted December 1st, 1863 into 11th Regiment, Company I. Killed in the battle of
Cold Harbor, Va., June 5th, 1864, and buried at Cold Harbor, National Cemetery, Va.
Because of the loyalty and heroism of such as Comrade Kusic the Union was saved
from dissolution.

PERRY LAKE

volunteered from the town of Swanton, October 8th, 1862 at the age of 18, and joined
Company H by transfer from Company K, and was mustered out with his regiment
July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted August 19th, 1863 into Company M, 1th Regt, Vt. Vols.,
at the age of 19; transferred to Company D January 24th, 1865 and mustered out
August 25th, 1865. This comrade was a boisterous, voluble, uneven tempered young
man, but was bold and fearless and made a good fighter.

NAPOLEON B. LAMONDE

volunteered from the town of Cambridge, September 8th, 1862 at the age of 18, and
joined Company H by transfer, and was mustered out July 21st, 1863 by reason of
having served his term of enlistment. Re-enlisted September 25th, 1863 into Com-
pany B, 17th Regt., Vt. Vols., and was wounded in the battle of Spotsylvania Court
House, Va., May 12th, 1864, and was mustered out July 14th, 1865. This was a brave
soldier and freely offered up his life on the altar of his country.

Biographical and Historical of Company H. 663

PATRICK LANE

enlisted from the town of North Hero, Vt., September 11th, 1862 at the age of 33,
and joined Company H by transfer and was mustered out with his regiment July 21st,
1863. Returned home and resumed his former occupation and place in society. Was
ever proud that he had served his country in time of need.

JOHN E. LARKINS

enrolled from the town of Richford, Vt., September 9th, 1862 at the age of 18, and
joined Company H by transfer, and was mustered out July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted
March 6th, 1865, into Company E, 7th Regt. Vt. Vols., for one year and was mustered
out March 6th, 1866.

LEONARD W. LEACH

volunteered from the town of Eden, Vt., September 8th, 1862 at the age of 38, and
joined Company H by transfer, and was mustered out with his regiment, July 21st,
1863.

JOHN LEONARD

volunteered from the town of North Hero, Vt., August 25th, 1862 at the age of 22, and
by transfer joined Company H. Deserted October 11th, 1862. It may be that this
soldier served in other regiments, but the references are so uncertain do not care to
state further as to his service. The same name appears elsewhere, and I assume that
he removed the stain on his character by re-enlistment.

AURA LYFORD

volunteered from the town of Woodbury, Vt., September 8th, 1862 at the age of 47,
and joined Company H by a transfer made at Brattleboro, Vt., just before muster in.
Wounded July 3rd, 1863 at the battle of Gettysburg and in the charge against General
Pickett, and was mustered out July 21st, 1863. His first enlistment was in the 3rd
Vt. Vols., Company K, from which he was discharged December 23rd, 1861. Re-enlisted
again for the 3rd time, October 31st, 1863 and into 3rd Battery Light Artillery and
died August 9th, 1864. This was an old man, but must have been extremely loyal
and patriotic, and a good fighter for he volunteered three times and continued in the
service from the beginning to the end finally dying in the service. His picture on
page 338 reflects his determination, a typical Green Mountain volunteer.

JASPER LYMAN

volunteered from the town of Duxbury, Vt., August 25th, 1862 at the age of :;7, and
joined Company H. Died in hospital at Brattleboro, Vt., February 17th, 1863.

WILLIAM MAYBERRY

enlisted from the town of Cabot, Vt., September 18th, 1862 at the age of 23, and
joined Company H, and served his full term and was mustered out with his regiment
July 21st, 1863.

WILLIAM MAJOR

volunteered from the town of Calais, Vt., October 3rd, 1862 at the age of 19, atajd
joined Company H. Served his full term, and mustered out with his regiment with a
clear, record and good reputation as a valiant soldier.

JAMES L. MARTIN

volunteered from the town of South Hero, Vt., August 25th, 1862 at the age of 35, and
by transfer joined Company H. Promoted corporal June 4th, 1863. Served his full
term and mustered out with his regiment at Brattleboro, Vt., July 21st, 1863. Died
July 23rd, 1863, of wounds received July 3rd, 1863.

CHARLES McGLAUFLIN

volunteered September 29th, 1862 from the town of Montpelier, Vt., at the age of
17. Wounded at Gettysburg, and in general hospital, July 21st, 1863. Mustered out
and returned to his home and resumed his life on the farm.

664 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

MICHAEL MERCY

enlisted September 11th, 1862, at the age of 21, and counted on the quota of South
Hero and joined Company H, and served his full term and mustered out with his
regiment July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted August 29th, 1864 into Company K, 11th regi-
ment for one year and mustered out June 24th, 1865.

JOSEPH MERRITT

enrolled September 18th, 1862 and counted on the quota of Stowe, Vt., at the age
of 18, and joined Company H. Mustered out with his regiment July 21st, 1863.

ELISHA B. NORRIS

enlisted from the town of Stowe, Vt., September 8th, 1862 at the age of 36, and joined
Company H by transfer. Sick in hospital July 21st, 1863 and mustered out on same
day and returned home to Vermont happy that he had volunteered and lived to
return to his loved ones at home.

THOMAS MORWAY

enrolled from the town of Waterbury, Vt., August 25th, 1862 at the age of 29, and
joined Company H, and was mustered out July 21st, 1863 and returned home happy
and glad that he had volunteered in the service of his country when called and
when needed. Now resides in AVaterbury, Vt. (See page 332 for his picture.)

GEORGE W. NICHOLS

volunteered from the town of Barre, Vt., August 25th, 1862 at the age of 21, and joined
Company H, and was mustered out with his regiment July 2nd, 1863. (See page 336
for his pictures.)

SETH A. MOORE

enrolled from and counted on the town of Topsham, Vt., August 25th, 1862, at the age
of 21, and joined Company H by transfer, and died in hospital May 24th, 1863. (See
page 334 for picture.)

EBEN S. PERKINS

volunteered from the town of North Hero, Vt., September 8th, 1862 at the age of 30,
and joined Company H by transfer. Discharged March 29th, 1863.

ANDREW E. OSGOOD

volunteered and counted on the town of Cabot, Vt., September 8th, 1862 at the age
of 19, and joined Company H. Died from mortal wounds received July 3rd, 1863
in the battle of Gettysburg on the 7th of July, 1863, and was buried in the National
Cemetery at Gettysburg. He gave his young life that his country might survive.
(See page 336 for his picture.)

STEPHEN 0. PARKHURST

volunteered from the town of North Hero, Vt., August 25th, 1862 at the age of 21,
and by transfer became a member of Company H. Mustered out July 21st, 1863.
(See page 328 for his picture.)

EZEKIEL PIERCE

volunteered from the town of Woodbury, Vt., August 19th, 1862 at the age of 40,
and joined Company H. Mustered out with his regiment July 21st, 1863. (See page
330 for his picture.)

JULIUS F. REYNOLDS

enlisted from the town of North Hero, Vt., August 25th, 1862 at the age of 31, and
joined Company H. Was discharged March 29th, 1863 on account of disability.

Biographical and Historical of Company H. 665

REUBEN RICHARDSON

volunteered from the town of Fayston, Vt., August 25th, 1862 at the of 45, and joined
Company H. Was mustered out with his regiment July 21st, 1863. Re-enlisted
November 30th, 1863 and joined Company G, 6th Vt. Inf. Taken prisoner August,
1864 and paroled and discharged May 12th, 1865.

WILLIAM ROAKS

volunteered from the town of Montpelier, Vt., September 29th, 1862 at the age of
18, and joined Company H. Was discharged with his regiment July 21st, 1863.
(See page 328 for his picture.) Wounded at Gettysburg July 3rd, 1863.

PHILLIP SCHOOLCRAFT

volunteered for and counted on the quota of the town of Bakersfield, Vt., September
9th, 1862, and joined Company H at the age of 18. Was mustered out at the end
of his term of service. Re-enlisted November 3rd, 1863 Into Company A, 17th Vt.
Vet. Reg. Promoted corporal August 26th, 1864. Mustered out July 14th, 1865. He
was a brave and valiant soldier.

GEORGE £. SHAW

volunteered September 8th, 1862 and counted on the quota of the town of Cabot, Vt.,
at the age of 20. Discharged November 20th, 1862, on account of disability.

THEODORE M. SLAYTON

volunteered August 19th, 1862 at the age of 44 and counted on the qudta of Calais,
Vt., and joined Company H. Was mustered out with his regiment July 21st, 1863.
(See page 332 for his pictures.)

THOMAS J. SLAYTON

volunteered September 1st, 1862 at the age of 44 and counted on the quota of the
town of Worcester, Vt, and joined Company H. Mustered out with his regiment
July 21st, 1863. This comrade and Theodore M. Slayton of this company seemed to
be of the same age and perhaps were twins; they at least were brave and patriotic
and of good stuff for soldiers. (See page 344 for his picture.)

RUFUS H. SLAYTON

volunteered September 12, 18f;2, at the age of 18, and counted on the quota of
East Montpelier, Vt. Was mustered out with his regiment July 21st, 18B3 Re-
enlisted August 27th, 1864, 2nd Battery Light Artillery for one year. Died July
31st, 1865 in the service. (His picture will be seen on page 338.)

CHARLES SMITH

enlisted from the town of North Hero, Vt., August 25, 1862; at the age of 21.
Deserted October 11th, 1862, the very day that the regiment left Camp Lincoln for
Washington. A man by this same name enlisted into several regiments and deserted.
If the same person he had a mania for joining the army, but not for fighting. There
are 8 difEerent references made in Peck Roster, but I am sure it cannot mean the
same person.

JUDSON A. STONE

volunteered from the town of Montpelier, Vt., August 19th, 1862 at the age of 18,
and joined Company H. Mustered out with his regiment July 21st, 1863. (See page
334 for his pictures.)

EDWARD TAYLOR

volunteered from the town of Stowe, Vt., September 8th, .1862 at the age of 27, and
joined Company H. Mustered out at the expiration of his term of service July 21st,
1863.

DR. CHARLES P. THAYER

bom at West Randolph, Vt., January 22nd, 1843. My father, Samuel W. Thayer,
M. D., LL. D., was a descendant of John Alden and Elder William Brewster of Pilgrim
fame- My mother was Sarah L. Pratt of Woodstock, Vt., a daughter of John A. Pratt,

666 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

and grand daughter of David Bailey a revolutionary soldier. Soon after my birth,
my father moved to Northfleld, Vt., and remained there until 1854, and became an
intimate friend of Governor Charles Paine, after whom I was named. During the
Civil War he was Surgeon General of Vermont, and Acting Assistant Surgeon U. S. A.,
in charge of the Baxter General Hospital at Burlington. Soon after the battle of
Lee's mills I went to New York and brought home the first batch of soldiers to that
hospital. My association with those soldiers filled me with a desire to enlist, and when
the 13th was organized, I enlisted as hospital steward, and was assigned to Company
H the "Calais Artillery."

Having commenced the study of medicine previous to enlisting, and my duties
as Hospital Steward not giving me an opportunity to watch the progress of patients
in the hospital, I applied for and was appointed Ward Master, and that position I
held until mustered out. After retiring from the army I finished my medical educa-
tion and graduated from the medical department of the University of Vermont in
June, 1865. I practiced in Burlington, Vt., for a while, was appointed Health Officer
and City Physician. In 1877 was appointed Surgeon to the Northern Pacific R. R.,
then in progress of construction and remained there three years. Afterwards returned
to Burlington, Vt., and practiced medicine there until I moved to Boston, Mass., in
1878, and am still there. I have been secretary of the Faculty and Professor of
Anatomy in the Tufts College Medical and Dental Schools since their organization.
Am a member of the Massachusetts Medical Society, Vermont Veteran Association,
Vermont Association, Gettysburg Post G. A. R., B. P. O. E., mason, etc.

DR. CHARLES P. THAYER, A. M., M. D.,

Boston, Mass.
Died at Atlantic City, N. J., February 1st, 1910. (See page 48 for picture.)

JOHN TROWVILLE

was born in South Hero, Vt., January 11th, 1844, and volunteered September 7th, 1862
at the age of 18, and joined Company H. Discharged with the regiment July 21st,
1863. Was in the battle of Gettysburg. Resides at South Hero, Vt. (See page 326
for his picture.)

MARSHALL TURNER

was born July, 1832, volunteered September 11th, 1862, into the Bakersfield Company
at the age of 30, and Joined Company H by transfer. Promoted corporal January 4th,
1863. Mustered out with his regiment, July 21st, 1863.

ALFRED WAINWRIGHT WEBB

the second son and fourth child in a family of five, of Edward A. and Mary A. Webb,
was born in Montpelier, Vt., December 19th, 1844. In 1847 the family moved to
Northfleld, Vt., where for a number of years the elder Mr. Webb was engaged in the
stove and tinware business, but subsequently succeeded to the ownership and manage-
ment of the Northfleld House, which, in its day, was one of the finest hotels in
Vermont. The subject of this sketch was educated in the public schools and academy
of his adopted town. His only brother, Charles A. Webb, was enrolled and commis-
sioned as 1st Lieutenant of Company F, 1st Reg't. Vt. Vol. Inf. (3 months) and served
until the expiration of the term of service of said regiment. August 5th, 1861 he was
enrolled Captain of the 13th Reg't. U. S. Inf., brevetted Major July 4th, 1863 for
gallant and meritorious service in the siege of Vicksburg, transferred to the 22nd
Infantry July, 1866, made full Major 16th U. S. Inf., 1880, and died at Port McKavete,
Texas, January 31, 1883.

Alfred W. Webb enlisted October 1, 1862, and was mustered into the service
October 10th, 1862 as a private of Company H, in the 13th Reg't. Vt. Vol. Inf., biut
was at once detailed for special service in the medical department where he was
retained until mustered out with the regiment July 21st, 1863. He removed with his
family from Northfleld to Chicago, 111., in the fall of 1868, and in 1870 he entered
the employ of the Chicago and North Western Railroad Company as clerk in the
office located at Chicago. For the past twenty years he has been cashier, which
office he now holds. By his ability, untiring industry and strict personal integrity
he has acquired a handsome competence and lives in the enjoyment of his family
and surroundings in his home at La Grange, 111., a suburb of Chicago.

In 1878 he married Miss Josephine Morgan of which union there have been born
two sons, Edward A. (1881) who resides in Battle Creek, Michigan, and Charles M.
(1882) who resides with his parents in La Grange. Mr. Webb is an active member
of Hiram McClintock Post No. 667 G. A. R., of La Grange, 111., and has held the office
of adjutant, junior vice-commander and commander; the duties of which he has at
all times fulfilled with credit to himself and honor to the Post of which he is a worthy
member. (See page 326 for pictures.)

Biographical and Historical of Company H. 667

TIMOTHY WEBBER

volunteered September 17th, 1862, from Goshen Gore, Vt., at the age of 21, and joined
Company H. Mustered out July 21st, 1863.

FREEMAN WILSON

was born in Cabot, Vt., September 6th, 1842, lived at home and worked on the farm
until I was 21, attended school when I could and in this manner acquired a fairly
good common school education, as I thought. My boyhood days were similar to my
schoolmates. The community in which I lived was composed of good citizens, law
abiding, patriotic, loyal to principle of state and nation. When rebel guns fired on
the Stars and Stripes that waved over Fort Sumter in April, 1861 I began to read
and think and ponder over what would be the result, and what was my duty. After
reflection my brother and I decided to enlist and soon the opportunity came and we
both volunteered September 8, 1862, and counted on the quota of our native town
and joined Company H. My brother was 22 and I, 21; both very healthy, rugged and
very well calculated to endure the dangers and hardship of army life. The town in
which we had lived was very patriotic and devoted to the cause of liberty and the
principles of the Union of states and bitterly opposed the attempted secession by
some of the Southern states. Nearly all of the 16 that enrolled from Cabot were
young men, only one old man, Lyman Hinkson, and he was a lively old boy, and was
happy, active and full of fun as any. My army life was without particular incident
until we reached Gettysburg and there we saw the awful and indescribable scenes
of a mighty and sanguinary battle between two great armies, the most valiant and
intrepid of the North and of the South. Each side fought with desperation for
victory. Gettysburg was a great battle and the result more potential and of greater
moment than all the battles that had been fought up to that date. I apprehended
death during the battle, and was, I think, a little timid. Many were killed and
wounded and the air was full of deadly missies and I realized that death might be my
lot at any moment. I tried to do my duty on that field of battle. On the third and
last day of the battle I received a wound which might have been fatal had I been a
trifle taller, as it was nothing more serious than a brief sleep, the loss of some
blood and a mark which it took many years to obliterate. I recovered in a few
moments and took my place in the company. I was discharged with the regiment
July 21, 1863, and returned home and resumed work on the farm for a few years and
then went out West and engaged with the American Express Company and continued
with this company until September 1st, 1904, in different positions, and was retired
on a generous pension by the express company. I was married December 29, 187.5
to Nellie D. Crumb, of Harvard, 111. My wife was born at Blkhorn, Wis., February 9,
1854. To us wece born Harriet Wilson July 8, 1878. My parents were Jesse Wilson and
Sophronia Hoyt. My grand parents were Nathaniel Wilson and Ezra Hoyt. I now
reside at Pawnee City, Neb. I sincerely wish that once more my surviving old comrades
might be taken by the hand and recount the incidents when we as boys served our
country. I ever turn in loving remembrance to the scenes of childhood, the hills,
streams and valleys, the school mates and comrades, still living in the dear old Green
Mountain State. And now I realize that all but a few brief days of my life are behind Uie,
cannot express my gratitude and thankfulness for the lessons taught around the fireside
of my father's humble home that induced me to strike for liberty, home and country.
It was the single act of life of which I am most proud. Colonel Randall's Green Moun-
tain Boys won imperishable glory and honor at Gettysburg, secured victory and made
certain the preservation of the Union. FREEMAN WILSON.

I was charged by Comrade Wilson to change his sketch so it would appear in the
second person. His extreme modesty is uncalled for and the Historian could not forego
the temptation to publish it as prepared and submit to the consequences.

R. O. S., Historian.
JOSEPH WILSON

volunteered from the town of Cabot, September 8, 1862, at the age of 22, and joined
Company H. Served his full term and was mustered out with his regiment July 21,
1863, and returned home and resumed his occupation and place in society. Died in
Marshfleld September, 1901. He left two sons, Jesse and Clarence, who reside in
Marshfield, Vt.

RUSSELL WHEELOOK

volunteered August 19, 1862, at the age of 36, and joined Company H. Was taken sick
and discharged April 18, 1863. The winter camp of Wolf Run Shoals, with unusual ex-
posure on the picket line undermined the strong constitution of Comrade Wheelock
and he was sent to the hospital from which he was discharged and sent home to
Vermont where he regained his health in part.

WILLIAM W. HOLDEN,

Northfield, Vermont,

Historian of Co. I, 13th Vt. Vols.

Biographical and Historical

OF

CO.

Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

CIVIL WAR 1861-1865

Dedicated in sacred remembrance of Benjamin N.

Wright, slain in the battle of Gettysburg, Pa.,

July 3rd, 1863. Interred in National

Cemetery of Gettysburg, Pa.

Biographical and Historical of Company I. 671

THE CONDENSED HISTORY OF COMPANY I.

THE volunteers that enrolled into this company were from the towns of Montpelier,
Barre, Waterbury, Middlesex and nearby towns. Montpelier being the capital
town of the state, and having comparatively quite a large population and many
eligible young men suitable in every respect for the strenuous life of a soldier in
active warfare, and also living in a locality where the tide of patriotism and military
spirit ran high, and all, men and women, rich and poor, old and young, were intensely
interested and aroused concerning the fate of the Union; for these reasons Company I
was fortunate in the character of those who responded under the call to join this
company. This was an advantage that the other companies of the 13th Regiment did
not have. This primary situation bore fruit in the organization of the 13th Regiment
in that more than a proportionate number were selected from this company to positions
of honor and responsibility as officers of the field and staff. We do not for a moment
claim that Company I as a whole, was any more zealous, patriotic or loyal than the
other companies of this quite important regiment. It was, however, more advan-
tageously surrounded than the other companies and into its ranks a superb class of
volunteers admirably equipped and qualified for office, had freely and early joined
the ranks of Company I as privates. Because of these circumstances a larger number
than otherwise would have been the case, were elected and appointed to take charge of
the regiment. The subsequent history of the regiment demonstrated the wisdom of
those chosen to command and conduct the affairs of the 13th Regiment. I refrain
from the mention of names for I would not make invidious distinction between the
companies of this quite famous regiment. The high type of men that enlisted into
Company I gave promise of devoted and valuable service in the pending conflict. I
know there were volunteers in the other companies educated and of high character
that would have graced any position and distinguished themselves in battle if the
opportunity had been given them. The test of suitable officers to command is the
exigency of a hard fought battle and thus it was during the battle of Gettysburg, on
many occasions in the crisis at the salient points of desperate contest those who
had from the beginning marched in the ranks and charged bayonets in the face of
belching cannon and a desperate foe, exhibited again and again their fitness to command,
even a regiment. The volunteers of Company I and all of the other companies were
composed of no ordinary class of men, they were of the best of Vermont's noble
heroes. They acquitted themselves with great credit and won unstinted praise in
the gory charge against the very flower of General Lee's army, led by that intrepid
fighter, General Pickett, down in the valley of Plum Run, where Colonel Randall's
Green Mountain Boys crossed bayonets with the desperate and valiant foe. The
biographical sketches of Company I that follow, mention the names and individual
incidents of those who served in this company.

- Company I is entitled to all honor and praise not only for freely volunteering when
the Union was struggling for its life, but also for its conspicuous conduct in the great
battle of Gettysburg. My dear comrades, sincerely do I regret that language at my
command cannot be invoked that would more amply and justly speak of the living
and the dead who offered their lives that their country might be saved. Company I
was in the van in gathering up the prisoners taken and one of the companies selected
by Colonel Randall to conduct them to the rear. Many of Company I in civil life
since the war have become prominent in the various vocations, won honor and esteem
and gained riches and high standing in letters and politics.

672 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

CAPTAIN JOHN M. THATCHER.

Prior to enlistment was assistant principal of Barre Academy. After serving his
term he returned and acted in the same capacity for a time when he obtained a
position in the Patent Office, Washington, D. C, from there he went to Chicago,
and formed a partnership with Captain Coburn of Company C, as patent lawyers,
and amassed quite a fortune. He died several years ago.

FIRST LIEUTENANT CHARLES E. BANCROFT

was an officer well liked by his men, but on account of ill health he resigned January
15, 1863, and died a few years later from disabilities received in the service.

SECOND LIEUTENANT SAMUEL F. PRENTISS

never was with the company, being in detached seivice serving as an aide-de-camp on
G-en. Stoughton's and also Gen. Stannard's staff, while his company saw and knew very
little of him, he had the reputation of being a gallant officer. He was taken prisoner
with Gen. Stoughton, an account of which is given in another part of this history.
He removed to New York City soon after being discharged and died several years ago.

SECOND LIEUTENANT JAMES S. PECK

served with the company as sergeant and lieutenant and was promoted adjutant Jan-
uary 22, 1863, and served in that capacity during the remainder of our term of service.
He re-enlisted and was major of the 17th Regiment. No better or braver officer
ever served in any war. We all loved Jim Peck. After the Civil War he was Adjutant-
General of the state and was prominent in state affairs and from the effect of the
service he died May 28, 1884, at Loon Lake, N. Y., of consumption. Buried in Green
Mount Cemetery, Montpelier, Vt.

SECOND LIEUTENANT CHESTER W. SEARLES

was sergeant in Company G, and acting with the ambulance corps was promoted
January 22, 1863, and assigned to Company I, which company well knowing that
there was plenty of good timber for commissioned offices in its own ranks did not
give the young lieutenant a very warn reception or very cordial treatment. But
by strict attention to business he soon gained their confidence and after commanding
the Company through the battle of Gettysburg he always had a warm place in the
hearts of the members of Company I. He has followed railroad mail service and farm-
ing since the war, and has for a long time resided at Berkshire, Vt.

FIRST SERGEANT ALBERT CLARKE

when the war broke out was having a flourishing law practice in St. Louis, JIo.
"When his partner entered the Confederate service he started for Vermont to enter
the service of his country preferring to serve in a regiment from his native state. He
served very acceptably as first sergeant until January 22, 1863, when he was promoted
to first lieutenant and assigned to Company G. His history in that company will be
given with the company. Since the war he has been prominent in business, social and
Grand Army circles, and is favorably known all over the country.

FIRST SERGEANT ALFRED B. THOMPSON

was fourth sergeant and promoted January 22, 1863 to first sergeant and acted as
first lieutenant during the battle of Gettysburg. He was a graduate of the University
of Vermont and was following the vocation of teaching. He was familiarly known
to his comrades as Barrel Thompson. He was a good officer and well liked by his
men. One may judge of what stuff he was made when they learn that he went West
soon after the war and engaged in mercantile business in Moberly, Mo., he made
a success of business and although a staunch Republican living in a strong Demo-
cratic city he was elected to the legislature. For many years he was city treasurer.
He was mayor of the city and held many minor offices for many years. He has beeii
justice of the peace and has quite a lucrative business in that line. Every one speaks
well of Sergeant Thompson.

Biographical atid Historical of Company I. 673

SECOND SERGEANT GEORGE W. BLANCHARD

When the war broke out he was working upon a farm. He was a fine musician
and the most beautiful singer I ever heard. Every member of the regiment will
remember hearing Blanchard, Wood and Gale sing. Many a time the tears
trickled down our cheeks when they sang Marion Lee, Zoula Zong, or Rock Me to
Sleep, Mother. And many a time when we all had the blues they were dispelled by
their witty songs. He never sang vulgar songs. He was a clean, moral, exemplary
young man and a good officer, in short he possessed all the qualities of a good soldier.
He re-enlisted into the 8th Vermont and served until the war closed. After the
war he in company with his brother, Ora, who served in the 2nd Vt., bought a farm
in Williamstown and were good farmers. During the winter he taught music and
was a fine singing teacher. He died in Williamstown several years ago.

SERGEANT CHARLES C. VARNEY

was a builder in the town of Barre. He was a quiet young man of few words, but
did everything with military exactness. He was a fine looking, fine appearing
officer and always did his duty and was a favorite with the men. After the war he
returned to Barre and resumed the occupation of building. He has been a contractor
and builder and worked on some of the finest buildings in Barre and adjoining towns,
and is considered a fine mechanic. He is still active in business and has been a
success financially and otherwise.

SERGEANT ASA C. ATHERTON

was a good soldier and officer, but his health was not sufficient for the hardships of
a soldier and he was discharged January .15, 1863, for disability and lived only a
few years.

SERGEANT MASON B. CARPENTER

was a student at Barre Academy and enlisted into Company I when he was only 17
years old and served as private until promoted to sergeant January 15, 1863. He
was an apt scholar and naturally of a military turn. After his term of service expired
he returned to Barre and fitted for college at Barre Academy and graduated at the
University of Vermont and studied law at St. Albans, Vt., and resided there for
several years when he removed to Denver, Colo. While at St. Albans he was captain
of a company of Vermont Militia, and later was colonel of a regiment of Colorado
militia. He is prominent in all matters which tend to better his adopted state and
is a very successful practitioner in the courts.

SERGEANT CHRISTOPHER C. PUTNAM

was a member of the firm of C. C. Putnam & Son, extensive lumber manufacturers
and dealers at Putnamsville in the town of Middlesex. He served as private until
promoted to sergeant January 22, 1863. As a private soldier and as an officer he
knew his duty and always performed it. He was discharged with the regiment July 21st,
1863, and resumed his place in the lumber firm at I*utnamsviUe and is now senior
member of the firm which always have and are still doing a very extensive business.
He has represented his town in the legislature and also his county in the Senate,
and is one of the substantial men of the state.

CORPORAL CHARLES H. BEEDE

was a native of Orange, and was working on a farm at the time he enlisted. He was
short in stature and quite athletic, being the short corporal he usually acted as left
guard of the company. After his discharge he returned to Barre and has followed
the occupation of farmer and been quite successful.

CORPORAL AUGUSTUS L. FISHER

A man of happy make up, he had a way of saying and doing funny things which
made him a favorite with all. If the rain poured in torrents you would hear Gus
Fisher yell, "Ain't you' glad you enlisted?" A little commissary whiskey would set
Mm to preaching and singing gospel hymns and under all conditions he was happy
and tried to make others happy. The last I heard of him he was in Oregon In
the meat and provision business.

6/4 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

CORPORAL HUGH H. GRISWOLD

enlisted in Waterbury and early in his service was detailed Color Corporal and served
In that capacity during his term of service. He was not a very rugged boy; was
only 19 years old, and he was off duty frequently from sickness. When he was well
wherever the colors went he went. I have known little of him since the war but
he died some years ago.

CORPORAL WILLIAM W. HOLDEN

enlisted from the town of Barre, Vt., counted on the quota of the town of Barre, and
was born in Barre in 1844. Brought up on a farm and educated in the common schools
of his native state. He was one of the young boys of the Barre company and a very en-
thusiastic youth anxious to become a good soldier and go to Washington and join
the army. His picture on page 358 of this book indicates a vigorous, well-formed,
determined looking, manly appearing young man, a typical Green Mountain boy. None
of Company I or of the regiment from general appearances gave better promise for the
strenuous life of a soldier than Corporal Holden. He was alert, up and on hand
for duty, for fun, or an e,xcursion outside o£ camp among the natives night or day,
and always procured his share; and, yes, he paid for what he bought when green
backs and scrip filled his plethoric pockets, which was seldom. He was exceedingly
proud of his official relation and put forth his best efforts at all times in the dis-
charge of his quite responsible duties. Was prompt, attentive, courteous, and de-
servedly popular as a corporal and soldier. He was of good character at date of
enrollment, free from vulgar and profane speech, upright and honest, straightforward,
discharging his duties to the very letter as he understood them. It is not too much
to say that he was a model non-commissioned officer as well as a soldier. Was on
hand for duty at all times, never finding fault or hesitating no matter how arduous
the task, exposure and danger, never interfered with cheerful performance of duty.
He was the youngest of the non-commissioned officers of Company I which fact in-
terfered with promotion. Only one vacancy occurred among the list of corporals dur-
ing the term of service until after the battle of Gettysburg and that was in May,
1863, and that was filled by H. Dwight Smith, a man 27 years of age and he was
well qualified for a lieutenancy. The corporals of Company I as a class were better
than any other company in the regiment. And those who were promoted from the
ranks to non-commissioned positions were wisely selected as a subsequent career
in life has demonstrated. Corporal Holden though the youngest on the list of
Company I, maintained and fulfilled his position as well as any of his associates
and stood high in the estimation of his comrades at the close of his services. The
writer has heard it often stated by Corporal Holden's superior officers "that none
evinced better courage and more heroic conduct on the battlefield of Gettysburg
than the young corporal of Company I." His comrades were justly proud of him
then and have ever been since, in his long and successful career in civil life. Though
farming has been his principal business, he has held many positions of honor and
trust, securing always esteem and confidence in every relation of life. He has
been kind and generous, a dutiful husband and loving, indulgent father. As a citizen
of Northfield and Washington county his enviable reputation and good character
was established years ago.

As a survivor of the 13th Regiment and a member of our Regimental Association
is one of the foremost in promoting every project for the pleasure of his comrades
and cementing the ties of friendship by his cordial greeting and hearty shake of the
hand. His council is good, tempered with conciliation, and with a high grade of
common sense. He is justly held with high esteem among his old comrades. The
author of this article wishes a green old age to our dear Comrade Holden and that
his last years may be useful and happy and when finally mustered out will die uni-
versally regretted. COMRADE. * * *

CORPORAL CHARLES 0. HUMPHREY

was the long corporal, being six feet, four inches and always marched at the right
of the company. He enlisted from Waterbury and served with the Company through
its term of service; was good-natured, kind hearted and a brave soldier. He returned
to Waterbury and followed farming till he died a few years ago.

CORPORAL GEORGE H. DAVIS

enlisted at Mbntpelier and followed the fortunes of the company until he was taken
sick, not being rugged enough for a soldier, he was discharged May 6, 1863, from
disabilities incurred in the service and died some years later.

Biographical and Historical of Company I. 675

CORPORAL JAMES W. MARSHALL

was a tall, stalwart fellow and a good soldier. Members of his family dying at
bome while he was in his country's service and he was unable to be with them, broke
him down and he was somewhat disheartened and at times fretful and cross and
me prmcipal theme of his conversation would be when our time would be out but
he manfully did his whole duty and was discharged with the regiment and ' was
employed by the C. V. R. R. Co., until he died some twenty years ago.

SERGEANT WALLACE H. BALLOU

was a son of the famous preacher and editor, the Rev. Eli Ballou. Being 3maU
In stature and not being inured to hardship or accustomed to hard manual labor the
duties of a soldier was to him a trying experience, but he cheerfully performed every
duty and endured every hardship and by his manly and soldierly deportment he
won the confidence of his superior officers so that when the Sergeant-Major of the
regiment was killed at Gettysburg, he was promoted on the battlefield to the office
of Sergeant-Major. But he returned to civil life with his health impaired and fol-
lowed in a small way farming and was quite a poultry fancier, raising fancy poultry.
He died quite a number of years ago in Bethel, Vt.

MUSICIANS.
HIRAM T. WHITNEY

was a good fifer and a jolly good fellow. He is practicing dentistry in White River
Junction and is a success in his chosen calling.

DRUMMER CLARK BOUTWELL

we younger boys thought was an old man, being forty-five years old when he
enlisted but he clung to the ship and beat his drum until the regiment was discharged
and returned to South Barre, where he died a few years ago, an infirm old man.

THOMAS C. ALEXANDER

enlisted at Montpelier as wagoner, but was reduced to the ranks January 1st, 1863,
and served in the ranks during the remainder of his term of service. He was not
a very healthy man, and was oft duty considerable of the time. He died several
years after the war.

GEORGE BADOR

was a farm laborer in Barre when he enlisted and was a faithful soldier. He re-
turned to Barre after the war and for many years I have known nothing of him.

FREDERICK J. BARNES

enlisted from Barre and never shirked any duty, but was a brave and faithful soldier.
He went to Massachusetts soon after the war and his comrades know little of him.

ORIGIN BATES

enlisted from Barre where he was born. He was a rugged, powerful man of a
rather crabbed disposition. He had a bad temper and was not a favorite with the boys.
He was a very religious man, but the boys used to say that his religion consisted
more in quantity than quality. He was unsympathetic and selfish, which cannot be
said of any other man in the company; but soldier life is a good place to have such
characteristics Improved and he did his duty and came home a better man. He died In
the West several years ago.

HORATIO G. BEEDE

enlisted from Barre, although a native of Orange. He was a genial, good fellow and
never shirked his duties. He was a quiet, honest, faithful, soldier, but he returned
to Barre somewhat broken In health and died a few years after the war.

676 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

PLUMMER R. BENJAMIN

enlisted from Montpelier and was a good soldier. Whenever his name was called
for duty he answered here. He returned to Montpelier and has followed several
vocations and for many years he kept a boarding house, and has been a success in
bis business.

WINSLOW L. BLANCHARD

enlisted at Montpelier. He was the shortest man in the company, and was familiarly
called "Stub," and although small of stature he was always ready to fight If any
one cut his corners. He was wounded at Gettysburg, being struck on his cross belt
and ended over without drawing blood. The shock rattled him and he screamed
and ran and was not seen again until the fight was over. He has resided in Mont-
pelier since, and is still a familiar figure on the streets.

IRA B. BRADFORD

enlisted from Barre and had attended school and worked upon his father's farm.
He was always a friend to anyone in need. Was very conscientious regarding his
duties as a soldier, but laid his scruples aside when it came to foraging. When
General Hooker's army started on the Gettysburg campaign he was detailed build-
ing roads and was terribly poisoned with poison oak. His condition was such that
he could not march with the regiment. I never saw a soldier feel so badly as he did be-
cause he could not join in the fight and he talked about it as long as he lived. He re-
turned to Barre and was a prominent farmer.

CONSIDER W. BRINK

was with the company only a short time. Soldier life was not to his taste. He
managed to get discharged I suppose he was sick. He has since died.

ALBERT J. BURRILL

was a gaunt, slender boy. He enlisted in Barre and was a faithful soldier. He was
quite a singer and his favorite song was, "Marching on to Richmond," and he sang
it until everybody was sick of it. He has foUoAved farming and now resides in Elmore.

JAMES CAMPBELL

enlisted at Montpelier and was a jolly French boy of 17 years. His witty sayings
always amused us. He was a good forager and a true soldier, always ready for duty
and a lover of fresh meat, and hogs and cattle often found their way into camp by
his influence. He has been a good citizen since the war. Is still living, the same
jolly fellow he always was.

ORVIS CARPENTER

enlisted at Barre. He had to gain a year in order to be eighteen, but he was equal
to any emergency which did not require labor in his younger days. He had the
reputation of being averse to work. He was a comical genius and everybody liked
him. He had always had an easy time and his parents had indulged him in
luxury and the hardships and privations of the soldier's life made him very home-
sick, but after a time he shook that off and was a good soldier. After the war he
learned the marble cutting trade and is a good workman. He has for many years
been running the marble business in Saratoga, N. Y., and is a good successful busi-
ness man.

DAVID G. CARR

enlisted in Barre. He served with the company during its term of service and he
also served in two other organizations, serving during nearly the whole time of the
war. He Is now living In Chelsea.

JAMES B. CAVE

served In the ranks until January 1st, 1863, when he was made wagoner. He was
taken prisoner when our teams were captured between Camp Carusi and Fairfax
Station and paroled. He was discharged with the regiment, and followed farming
and was a good farmer. He died in Barre about 1903.

Biographical and Historical of Company I. 677

JAMES CRAWFORD

was a quiet, honest, conscientious soldier. I have been unable to learn anything of
him since the war. He was born in 1840, and educated in the old district schools
of Vermont. His record was good, never absent at roll call without being accounted
for. He was one of the every day boys, earned his hard tack and coffee, pork and
beans and the $13 a month in green backs. He was a good feeder, and vigilant on
picket, good on the march and brave in battle.

LEVANDER S. CREE

enlisted at Plainfield, Vt., and was detailed with the ambulance corps, and served
in that capacity during his entire term, only when off duty on account of sickness.
He had trouble with his lungs, and died with consumption a few years after the war.

WILLIAM DANIELS

had to add several years to his age, in order to be the required age of eighteen.
He was a fat, jolly, fellow liked by everybody, and went by the name of "DiUy
Daniels." He was working in a bakery when he enlisted, and like most growing
boys had a wonderful appetite which had made a market for many of the good things
in the bakery, and a change to hard tack and pork told on him, but he never grum-
bled or found fault, but always seemed perfectly satisfied. He was a faithful and
brave soldier; after the war he engaged in the meat and provision business in St.
Johnsbury, and was a good citizen and a successful business man. He died about
ten years ago.

ISAAC K. DAVIS

was a thin, spare man not very strong and not quite equal to the trials of a soldier.
He was discharged February 4, 1863, for disability, and has since died.

JOSEPH H. DEMERITT

enlisted at Waterbury. He was a very quaint, unassuming man, and did not engage
in or enjoy the antics of the boys. He faithfully performed his duty and was a good
soldier.

HARPER A. DEMMON

enlisted at Waterbury, and was transferred to Company I soon after we entered
the service. His history will be given with Company C.

PETER J. DEWEY

was working in Cross's bakery at Montpelier when he enlisted. Was nineteen years
old, straight and soldier like in all his movements, and very good looking. He was
a favorite with both officers and men, always performed his duties faithfully, and
was a brave soldier. He engaged in mercantile business, and did a successful busi-
ness in Montpelier for many years. He has retired from active business, and is en-
joying the fruits of his labors, and is still vigorous and healthy.

WALLACE W. DODGE

was small in stature, straight as an arrow, nineteen years old when he enlisted.
He had ideas of his own on all subjects, and was very set in his opinions. He was
always ready for duty, and his share of the hardships of army life. He followed the
vocation of painting for many years, and was a good workman. He died about ten
years ago.

HENRY A. DOW

was a farm laborer and enlisted at Barre, when nineteen years old. His comrades
remember his peculiar ways and how he used to threaten to scratch our eyes out.
He was second to none in the performance of his duties and was a good soldier. He
has never attended any of the soldier reunions or communicated with his comrades,
and It is not known to me whether he is living or dead.

JOHN G. FARWELL

spent his youth on a farm in Barre. When the war broke out he was clerking in
J. G. French's clothing store in Montpelier. He exchanged luxurious fare for hard

678 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

tack and pork and beans. He exchanged a paying clerkship in one of the most
flourishing mercantile establishments in the state to carry a gun and knapsack.
He was a lover of domestic animals, especially the horse and he was a fine horse-
man. Recognizing these qualifications Colonel Randall detailed him to take care
of horses and that fact accounts for the Colonel and Adjutant's horses looking so
fat and sleek. He was such a lover of a horse that he had one of his own. How
he came in possession of it was never explained. There was a rumor in the company
that he did not buy it. There were also floating rumors as to how he obtained
feed for it. If you want to know how he got the grain ask Surgeon Nichols. He
was discharged with the Regiment and followed the clothing business at Montpelier
for several years. When the Wells River Railroad was built he became interested
in that, and has been prominently connected with the road since. He may be found
at all hours of the day at the old stand the Wells River depot.

DANIEL N. FRENCH

enlisted from Waterbury. He was a great, muscular, kind-hearted, jolly fellow, a
friend to everybody and always ready to help any who needed help. He was a good
soldier and a general favorite with all the boys. He returned to Waterbury and fol-
lowed various callings. He died about twenty years ago.

JOHN P. FLANDERS

was born in Montpelier in 1838 and enrolled from that town. He was not rugged
as some and could not endure the life of soldiering. Was taken sick and for some
reason was discharged August 10, 1863.

MARTIN E. FRENCH

was very much like his brother, Daniel N. He was a very muscular man, and when
four or five of us smaller men pitched into him at once we soon found ourselves
piled in a heap. He attended strictly to his business and always seemed satisfied
with his lot. The French brothers, Charles O. Humphrey and James Marshall tented
together; no one of them was less than six feet tall and no one of them weighed
less than two hundred and their tent was the refuge of every one in trouble. Martin
G. French was a good soldier; he was wounded in the thigh at Gettysburg. He
is now living in Stowe.

FRED M. GALE

was working for his uncle in Barre when he enlisted. He was a spare, frail looking
soldier, and wore glasses, he laid them aside long enough to pass the examination,
but his eyes were bad and we called him old blind Perrin. He was a fine singer,
and we all remember the grand concerts we used to have; no better soldier
ever entered the army than he was. He was in every respect a true man, and that
kind always made good soldiers, although not as robust as some of us, he never
shirked a duty. When Calvin Seaver's leg was shot off at Gettysburg and the air
was filled with missies of death, and everybody was laying low, he corded his leg
and stopped the blood. He re-enlisted in the eighth regiment and served till the
war closed. After the war he followed farming for a time in the town of Orange,
he afterward went to Chicago and is now one of the members of one of the most
flourishing firms in Chicago.

WILLIAM W. GOODWIN

was a carpenter when he enlisted at Montpelier. He was an athlete, and could per-
form nearly all the feats seen at the circus. He was a good soldier and was dis-
charged with his regiment. He took up his trade of building and has followed it
most of the time since, and is a good mechanic.

MILO K. GRAY

enlisted from Waterbury. He was the son of a clergyman and one Sabbath morning
a party of us were on picket on Cub Run and it was proposed that we have religious
services and he was selected to preach. He objected, but was compelled to do so;
it took some vigorous treatment to make him preach, but we applied the treatment
until he consented, and preached a very good sermon, although his discourse con-
signed some of his hearers to a warm climate. He was discharged with the regi-
ment, but I have no knowledge of his whereabouts since, but am quite sure he
never followed in the footsteps of his father.

■ Biographical and Historical of Company I. 679

CHARLIE C. GUPTIL

was a tall, straight, fine looking soldier, who always tried to do his whole duty. He
was somewhat pompous and had a good opinion of himself, hut was a good soldier.
I have known little of him since the war. He is reported dead.

LORENZO B. GUPTIL

was the opposite of Charlie; he was rather slouchy in his personal appearance, cared
very little whether his gun and other accoutrements were in order or not; shirked duty
whenever he could, and was a good soldier only when obliged to he. He was not
lacking in courage and when brought to a pinch was not found wanting. He sur-
vived the war only a few years.

GEORGE F. HARVAN

of Barre, gave his age as seventeen, but was not quite sixteen when he enlisted.
He was a wild boy but passed all the requisites of a good soldier, and during his term
of service was never off duty. When on guard at Brattleboro his orders were to search
teams and be sure no soldier was concealed in them. A couple of young ladies were
driving out in a top buggy and were very indignant to be halted and told him that he
knew very well that no soldier was in that carriage, but he insisted on making a very
close examination and felt all around under the seat, around their feet and under the lap-
robe, the girls saw that it was a boyish prank and commenced laughing
and told him that they were proud of him and enjoyed the manner in
which he performed his duty and that if all the soldiers were as conscientious in per-
forming their duty the country would be saved. He knew no fear. He was never
tired. He would march all day and raise Ned all night. There was nothing he or
his comrades needed hut what he found, if within ten miles of camp. He was a
general favorite with officers and men. He was always known as Cooney Harvan.
He re-enlisted into the Vermont Cavalry and was detailed as a blacksmith, which
trade he learned from his father; the cavalry was having a fight; he closed his
shop, got a horse, and went into the fight and was killed.

CHARLES H. HOWARD

enlisted in Barre. He gave his age as 17, but on the school register it was .15. He
and Harvan were great chums. Their names came together on the roll and they
were nearly always on duty together and nothing escaped their attention. Charles
Howard was nearly six feet tall, straight as an arrow, of fine proportion, his clothes
and equipments were always faultlessly clean, and he was a model type of a volun-
teer soldier. He was a young man of good health, although a private, we always
called him Lieutenant Howard on account of his always keeping his clothes so clean.
He was wounded at Gettysburg, although it was never so reported. He was as
brave as the bravest. In the spring of 1864 he went to Pennsylvania and at the
time President Lincoln was shot he was arrested as J. Wilkes Booth and held nearly
24 hours. He died in New York state in 1866 and I always believed his death was
the result of the wound received at Gettysburg.

FRANKLIN HOYT

gave his age as 45; some said he was older, we young fellows thought he was an
old man. He enlisted from pure patriotism and he served his term with Company
I and re-enlisted in the 17th Regiment. He was shot through his lung, the bullet
passing through him I think in the Wilderness, but he lived and came hack to Mont-
pelier and built houses until about ten years ago when he died.

ROBERT HUMPHREY

enlisted from Waterbury. He was quite a large man, very quiet, always attended to
his duty. I suppose he is still living but know nothing of his whereabouts.

JERRY HUTCHINSON, JR.

was a native of Orange. He was tall and straight, soldierly in appearance, well liked
by his comrades, and a good soldier, always doing his duty cheerfully and faithfully.
He enlisted at Barre, and since the war he has been a farmer in Barre. He is a good
citizen and a good farmer.

68o The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

FRANCIS JANGRAW

enlisted from Montpeller and his age is given as eighteen. He was a rugged, healthy-
boy, and equal to any emergency. He was a good forager. One day on picket an old
sow with ten nice pigs came near his post, his love for baked pig got the better of
him, and he gave chase, he stuck his bayonet through a pig but the squealing brought
the old sow to the rescue. With his gun over his shoulder, the pig squealing on the
bayonet and the enraged sow in hot pursuit, Frank made pretty fast time for a rail fence.
When he came to the fence he threw gun, pig and all over the fence. The pig wiggled
off the bayonet, the old sow took a piece out of the seat of his pants and he picked
up his gun, looked after the retreating pigs and simply remarked, "That was a mighty
close shave." He was a brave soldier; was slightly wounded at Gettysburg; came back
to Montpelier and resides there now.

NELSON JOHNSON

was forty years old when he enlisted in Barre. He was not a large man, but very strong
and athletic. He seemed to us boys an old man. He endured the hardships better
than any of the other old men and was a good soldier. He returned to Barre after
being discharged and resided there until his death about ten years ago.

DUDLEY B. JONES

enlisted from Waterbury at the age of thirty-one. He was a very quiet man always
attended to his own business, was well liked by all the boys and was a good soldier;
has since died.

EDWIN JONES

was eighteen years old or less when he enlisted from Waterbury, a man of slight
build, but wiry and active, always ready for duty and a good soldier. He has lived
West most of the time, but is now living at Montpelier.

JABEZ JONES

was eighteen, and enlisted from Waterbury, always did his duty and stood well with
both officers and men. He died some years ago.

JOHN D. KELLOGG

could not stand the racket and was discharged about a month after entering the service.

HOWLAND P. KNEELAND

enlisted from Waterbury when nineteen years old. His father was a tanner by trade,
and How, as he was always called, worked at the same calling. He was a jolly good
fellow, and a good soldier, during the spring of 1863 he had a hard run of typhoid
fever and we all expected he would die, but his pluck saved him. After the war he
took up railroading and for many years he has lived in Boone, Iowa, a successful
railroad man.

JOHN W. LADD

always called by his comrades Dudley, was one of the best of soldiers. Unused to
hardships or privation, he accepted the life of a soldier and made the best of It.
He survived the war only a few years.

JAMES C. LAMB

soon after entering the service was promoted to the office of Com. Sergeant and
served In that capacity until his term of service expired; giving good satisfaction.
He has since died.

JOHN B. LANGDON

was a very slight, small man, but passed the examination and did much better as a
soldier than one would think possible. He carried the mail for a time when In the
service and was a useful man in the service. He has since died.

Biographical and Historical of Company I. 68i

EUGENE LAVIOLETTE

was a Frenchman and a shoemaker by trade, plying his trade in Montpelier at the
time of his enlistment. He was a very jolly fellow, tasty in his dress and very par-
ticular about his personal appearance. His accoutrements were always in perfect
condition, and he was conscientious in the p^rforrnance of his duty as a soldier. When
his term of service expired he returned to Montpelier and his cobbling. He was an
industrious and good citizen. He has since died.

MARSHALL B. LAWRENCE

was a large, powerful man. He enlisted from Barre and served with his company
during its term and returned to Barre, where he died a few years later.

GEORGE E. LEMWIN

was a quiet, unobtrusive man, who always attended strictly to his duties, and was a
good soldier. I have never seen or heard from him since discharged, but he is re-
ported dead.

HOBART J. MARR

was a light complexioned, light haired boy less than eighteen years of age. He ran
away from home and enlisted in the company, giving his name as William Carr, but
his father found him and consented to his enlishment and he took his right name
and was a good soldier. I have known nothing of his whereabouts since the war.

DAVID MITCHELL

was a black eyed, keen looking little French boy. He was a great lover of a horse and
a good man to take care of them, and he was detailed to take care of horses and
served in that capacity most of the time. When the regiment was discharged he re-
turned to Montpelier. Has since moved to Burlington and is engaged in mercantile
pursuits.

FRANCIS MORRIS

was a character, long, lank, uncouth in his movements, but jolly, kind-hearted and a
very genial comrade; everybody liked him. He was about seventeen years old with
a growing boy's appetite and had the art of always finding something to satisfy it.
He was a great forager and many a porker and fowl found its way into camp through
his agency. He is still living the same easy going, jolly citizen.

WILLIAM NOYCE

gave his age as forty-flve when he enlisted. He looked much older. Some of the boys
said he was over ninety. The exposures of soldier life were too much for his age
and constitution and he was off duty much of the time and discharged at Brattleboro
February 28, 1863. He has since died.

ALONZO D. PECK

enlisted at Montpelier. He had been in school and worked as bookkeeper and ac-
countant in a store. Carrying a gun and performing the duties of a soldier was quite
a change, but he stood up bravely and did his duty and was a good soldier. He re-
turned to Montpelier with the company and Is still living there.

GEORGE A. PECK

was twenty years old when he enlisted at Montpelier. He was unused to hardships and
soldier life was too much for him and he was discharged January 12, 1863, and returned
to Montpelier. He regained his health and engaged in mercantile business and has
been one of the firm of Barrows and Peck for many years. He has been a success
as a business man and stands high in his community.

CHARLES H. PERRY

enlisted from Barre and was one of the many who gave their age as eighteen. He
took kindly to the rough fare of the soldier and pork or beans or hard tack were

682 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

good enough for him If the quantity was sufficient. He ate so much pork that he
was called Pork Perry. He was a good soldier, always doing his duty and after the
war he went to Williamstown where he was a good citizen until he died a few years ago.

LEANDER PERRY

brother to Charles, was thirty years old when he enlisted. He stuttered badly and like
many who have Impediments in their speech he had many by-words, and made much
amusement for his comrades who will all remember how he used to say, "B-B-By
g-g-g-gosh a-a-all H-H-Hemlock." He was not very well and did not take good care
of himself, but he stuck by and was discharged with the company. He re-enlisted
in the Seventeenth Vt. Regt. and died in the service.

WILBER F. PIPER

volunteered from Montpelier August 24, 1862, at the age of 24, and was a brave soldier
and made a good record on the march, picket line, and in battle. Mustered out July
21, 1863.

LEROY PRESCOTT

volunteered from Waterbury, Vt., August 25, 1862, and was 19 years old when he was
mustered into the army. Was a valiant soldier and was mustered out July 21, 1863.

WILLIAM H. RIDDALL, JR.

enlisted from Barre when he was 20 years old. He never shirked any duty, was a
faithful soldier and was discharged with his regiment. He returned to Tunbrldge and
was out of health for several years when he died.

ALVA ROWELL

enlisted from Waterbury and was a good soldier until his health failed him and he
was discharged April 1st, 1863. He has since died.

CALVIN E. SEAVER

had a rough exterior but was at heart a good fellow. He was a good soldier, always
doing his duty. He lost his leg at Gettysburg July 3rd, and was discharged. He died
in Moretown several years ago.

CURTIS H. SEAVER

brother to Calvin, was a brave soldier. He served with his regiment well on all oc-
casions and was discharged when the regiment's term expired and has since died.

DWIGHT H. SMITH

familiarly knoVn as Dolphus, embodied all the requisites of a good soldier, always
particular as to his personal appearance. His gun and equipment and clothes were
in perfect order. He was well proportioned, straight and fine looking. He always made
light of hardships and privations. He was generous, kind hearted and brave; no better
soldier ever shouldered a gun. He was promoted to corporal May 6. 1863. After
the regiment was discharged he returned to Montpelier and worked at his trade, a
plater. The only enemy he had in the world was strong drink. He died several years
ago.

HERCHEL F. SMITH

enlisted from Waterbury. He was a small, spare man, very quiet in his habits, but
attended strictly to his duties, doing his whole duty at all times. He served faithfully
during his term of enlistment and returned to Waterbury where he has followed the
vocation of farmer and is a respected citizen,

WILLIAM C. SMITH

was one of those who gave their age as 18. He was rather small in stature and like
his brother Herchel, was of a quiet disposition, conscientious to perform every duty
and was a good soldier. He is still living.

Biographical and Historical of Company I. 683

WILLIAM D. SMITH

■was tall and straight and was a fine soldier. He took pride in doing every thing
promptly and well, and was well liked by his comrades. He was discharged with the
regiment and returned to Montpelier and for many years worked In Bailey's feed
store. He was an excellent nurse and took care of the sick for many years. He died
some ten years ago.

ORVAND STONE

enlisted from "Waterbury. He was in the prime of Life, being 32 years old, strong
and rugged. He never engaged in the many scrapes of the boys but quietly performed
his duty and was a good soldier. He was discharged with the regiment and returned
to Waterbury where he has since died.

CHARLES D. SWAZEY

volunteered August 25, 1899 from Montpelier and joined Company I- He was a prac-
ticing attorney with good prospects of success in his chosen profession. He served his
country bravely and well and returned to his home when his term of enlistment had
expired with health impaired and succumbed to consumption a few years later.

JOHN J, VAN ORMAN

was a shoemaker by trade, and a skilled workman. He was a fine looking fellow, a
genial companion, and a good soldier. He served his country well, and came back to
Vermont and resumed his vocation of shoemaking, and is still living in Springfield, Vt.

GEORGE E. VARNEY

brother of Sergeant Charlie Varney enlisted from Barre. He was a good natured, quiet
fellow who did his duty on all occasions and could be depended on in any emergency.
He went to New Hampshire after the war and died there.

CHARLES H. WASHBURN

was one of the old men of the company, being 44 years old when he enlisted. His
health was not quite equal to the hard knocks incident to soldier life, but he remained
with the regiment during its term of service. He returned to Montpelier and died
there.

JOHN WELCH

was a man whom no short sketch of mine could do him justice and as I am limited
to a few lines I must simply say that he possessed all the qualities which go to make
a good soldier. You might with safety rely on him in any emergency in life. He was
content to serve in a humble sphere while he was competent to command a company.
He acted as scout outside our lines and rendered valuable service. No better soldier
ever served in any army. The history of his after life may be read in another place
in this history.

STEPHEN G. WEST

enlisted from Barre. He did not take kindly to the life of a soldier; he found fault
with everything; he was homeeick and despondent and finally sickened and died
May 17, 1863, at Camp Carusi.

SIDNEY G. WHITNEY

was one of the many whose age was reported as 18. He was a jolly good fellow, who
made the best of every hardship and helped to make life easy for all the others. He
was also a soldier who did his whole duty and was well liked by all the company.
He is now living in Kansas; has made a success in business.

WILLIAM H. H. WHITNEY

brother to Sidney was very much the same make up, always jolly and punctual to
duty. He was taken sick in the winter and was so bloated that he could not do
duty, and was discharged April 6, 1863. He is living in Kansas.

684 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

ALBERT P. WOOD

one of the trio who used to give us such fine singing and who all the members of
the company remember, enlisted from Barre. Blanchard, Gale and Wood we all
remember them for their glorious music but they possessed other good aualities. Wood
was a soldier who would never complain or ask for favors. He was far from well
but would never ask to be excused from any duty. I bunked with him for months
and can from my own knowledge say that he would do his duty, and many times
when he was not able to do it. He had pure bulldog grit, and was as good a soldier
as ever shouldered a gun. He is now living in Boston, and has a good position on the
electric road.

WILLIAM C. WOODRUFF

volunteered from Waterbury and enrolled in Company I at the age of 26. He was a
guiet man who just did his duty and gave little heed to others. Was all right as a
soldier and as a man; all right on the long march and in battle.

WILLIAM A. WORCESTER

enlisted from Waterbury. He was a very moderate man and when at home liked
to fish and hunt better than work. He tried to do his duty as a soldier and stuck
to his job and was discharged with the regiment. He has since died.

PRENTISS 0. WRIGHT

had a disposition to be a good soldier, but his health was not equal to the task and
he was discharged January 31st, 1863, and has since died.

BENJAMIN N. WRIGHT

was a large muscular man, always ready to do his own duty and assist any less
fortunate than himself. He tented with three others and none of the four were less
than six feet tall or weighed less than 200 lbs. He was large hearted, generous and
brave. At the battle of Gettysburg he was shot through the body and died that night.
He was shot just before we made the flank movement which made Stannard's brigade
famous and as we passed him when we changed front he raised on his knees and
while the air was full of shot and shell he bade us good by and many of us shook
his hand as we passed him. His funeral was held in Montpelier after we came home
and many of his comrades attended it.

RALPH ORSON STURTEVANT,

Swanton, Vermont.
Historian of Co. K, 13th Vt. Vols.

Biographical and Historical

OF

CO. K

Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

CIVIL WAR 1861-1865

Dedicated in loving memory of our brave comrade
Corporal William Church, slain in battle at Gettys-
burg, Pa., July 3rd, 1863. There is no
greater honor than to die in defense
of home and country.

Biographical and Historical of Company K. 68g

THE CONDENSED HISTORY OF COMPANY K.

THE writer of this article volunteered August 20, 1862, to apply on the quota of the
town of Swanton. The total number enlisted men remaining after medical
examination and election of company officers was 110; (Captain L. D. Clark and
Sergeant Orloft Whitney having been promoted at the organization of the regiment
to major and Adjutant respectively, left a total of 108. Of this number 3 were
officers. This company arrived in Brattleboro, Vt., on September 29, 1862, to be
mustered into the United States Army. It was at once ascertained that some of
the companies did not have the required number of men and some had more; hence
transfers were made that all the companies might be made up to the regular com-
plement belore nmster in. Eleven were transferred from Company K into other
companies, mostly to Company H. After deducting two more, who left on account
of homesickness, or other reasons, ninety-five men and three officers totaled ninety-
eight, and this was the number mustered in October 10, 1862 and started for Wash-
ington, D. C, reaching there without further loss or accident.

My acquaintance with the members of this company was limited to Stephen F.
Brown, of Swanton, a schoolmate at Bakersfield Academy in the fall of 1860, and
Jeremiah H. Searl, of St. Albans. Brown and myself had volunteered in September,
1861, expecting to go in Company B, 1st Vt. Cavalry, but did not succeed in
becoming soldiers at that time. We were not satisfied and determined to try again.
And when the call of August 4th, 1862 for 300,000 more was made we at once agreed
to volunteer under this call and to go into the same company. Stephen F. was
designated as one of the recruiting officers of his native town, Swanton. Brown
signed at the bead of his roll, and many others followed. And at this time my ac-
quaintance with those who volunteered into what was after called Company K com-
menced, with the exception of course of S. F. Brown and Jeremiah Searl. And
from the first day that we assembled at that picturesque and quaint old village in
Highgate, and took up our temporary residence at that then antiquated and yet
quite conspicuous (owing to its location) hostelry presided over by Landlord Frank
Johnson, to the day we were mustered in and out at Brattleboro, Vt., did I mingle
almost daily with this important, and in some respects, quite famous company, soon
becoming very well acquainted with all that belonged to it. The peculiar character-
istics of each, their fitness for soldiers, their conduct in the camp, on the march
and in battle. The loosening of obligations of civil life and home influences were
occasionally apparent, and perhaps under some extreme and pressing circumstances
entirely forgotten.

The hitherto most upright and best of fellows as soon as they left home and
became soldiers seemed to think their relations and obligations were enitrely changed,
and acted accordingly. Not that they did anything very bad, but were now living
under a military code, and belonged to Uncle Sams' army, and were en-tltled to do
those things that would not have been even thought of at home. It is not my pur-
pose in this article to mention all the little foraging expeditions for hens, pigs,
potatoes (sweet and Irish), honey, milking cows, etc., etc., for it would not be hardly
right, for we were much the same as other companies in our regiment, though it is
true that Company K had one or two, perhaps more, who had the credit of being
champions in finding things out among the natives, who were regarded as rebels
that answered nicely as dessert after feasting on salt beef, pork and beans and
hard tack. I thought then, and still am of the same opinion, that nearly all of those
native families that lived between the outer picket lines of the two armies were in
fact in full sympathy with the Southern cause, though they earnestly proclaimed to
be for the Union. We were never able to find among these families only old men and
cripples, now and then a darkey, and women folks of the household. The rest were
either in hiding, or were in the Confederate army, and we had reason to believe
some were of Mosby's command, that made things interesting for us on their forays,
night or day, most any time, when opportunity was favorable. I am reminded,
my comrades, that I too, was of Company K, and am very jealous of the reputation
of my associates in this Company, and therefore call to mind what J. D. Rockefeller
once said:

"There is so much bad in the best of us;
There is so much good in the most of us;
It hardly behooves any of us
To talk about the rest of us."

and yet I am expected to give an impartial historical sketch of my comrades of
Company K, that will meet with approval of the survivors, and in so doing may

690 The Thirteenth Regiment I'ermont Volunteers

disclose some incident that my comrades participated in, and were connected with,
while in the service.

None of us had seen much of the world, and hardly had even been out of sight
(before enlistment) of the green hills and fertile valleys of our beloved state.
Nearly all of us were horny handed farmer's sons, mere boys, mostly between the
ages of fifteen and twenty-two, a few older, and John Chappel, the oldest of our
company, and in the regiment, was fifty-three.

Since the firing on Fort Sumter in April, 1861 we had heard much and learned
something about war and some of us had brothers and fathers who had volunteered,
and therefore intensely interested and knew what we were doing when we volun-
teered, though soldier life, the camp, the march, the battle, the killed and wounded,
the dreaded hospital, the prison pens, were visions now to us, and yet we expected
too soon that these visions would surely become realities. The average age of this
company was twenty-three, Yankee born, mostly, and from the best families, active,
healthy and strong, good height, good sized, good natured and good looking, happy
and jolly always, generous and kind, brave and courageous, many devoted Christians
who wore their religion as they did their uniforms, where it could be seen and read
by all. None were cowards as I am aware of, only a little timid at first in battle.
Indeed we were a happy family, and like brothers, ever anxious for the welfare
and happiness of each other, and as such we joined the army at Washington, D. C,
in October, 1862.

Between about the 20th of August and the 10th of September, possibly some
before and a few after, the boys who joined Company K volunteered, and the towns
from which they came, Swanton, Highgate, Franklin, Alburg, North Hero and Grand
Isle were saved the humiliation of a draft, with the exception of Grand Isle, which
furnished one drafted man and a number of substitutes for Company K. These towns
were duly notified that those who had enrolled under the call of August 4th were
to meet at Highgate on September 11th to organize a company, elect officers, and
commence to drill, etc., etc.

There had been more or less talk among a few, as to officers to be chosen, but
on the whole, but little thought or consideration had been given the question of
officers. September 11th, .1862, was a most delightful day, and during the forenoon
a large number had arrived and the park in front of Landlord Johnson's hotel was
literally covered with boys and men, women and children, to witness the important
event of the day, election of company officers.

There were present 126 volunteers, selectmen from the several towns, fathers,
mothers, brothers and sisters, wives and sweethearts, relatives and friends of those
that had enlisted, numbering as many more, all anxious and curious to see and
hear, for nothing of the kind had occurred in this quiet village before. None were
officers yet, and all stood on a level and all were very cordial and greeted each
other like old friends. We met, the most of us, for the first time, but after a little,
freely mingled in a friendly way. and soon knew each other, and began to talk
about war, battles, and the election of officers. It was soon ascertained that quite
a number were willing to serve as officers, and a good many were well qualified,
but we were to have only a captain and two lieutenants, and there could not be
commissioned offices enough to go around, and some must be satisfied with non-
commissioned positions.

The writer of this article, as before stated, was a total stranger to all, but
his friends Brown and Searl therefore looked on, listened, and took but little part
in the preliminaries for election. It was generally understood that Highgate, Swan-
ton and Franklin should have the commissioned officers, namely, Captain, first and
second lieutenants, and that Captain L. D. Clark who had served as captain of Com-
pany A, 1st Vt. Regiment for three months, and because of experience, age, valor
and other qualities ought to be made captain, and the majority rather acquiesced in
this view, and in fact he was a man of good presence and military bearing.

There was good material from other towns for Captain, and they were quite
willing to furnish it. From Franklin there were OrlofI Whitney and Edward Hibbard
and Carmi L. Marsh, three of their equal and fitness was not to be found among the
assembled recruits from any of the other towns, but the Franklin boys were quite
modest and did not urge any one for captain, and said would be satisfied with a lieu-
tenant's position, and would agree among themselves who they would name as their
choice.

There was finally a sort of an understanding between Highgate and Swanton that
Captain Clark of Highgate should be elected captain, and when the question as who
should have the honors had been arranged and agreed upon by the managers, (which
took a good while) a man appeared on the piazza of the hotel, waved a fla°- to call
attention and then said, "AH is ready forward your votes for captain." All the bovs
started at once, for it was now mid-afternoon and all had been waiting a long time
but we went pell mell, belter skelter, ballots in hand, for we had been liberally supplied
with them, each crowding and pushing to get his vote in first, very much after the
manner of voting at town meetings in those days. The votes were quickly cast and

Biographical and Historical of Coiiipaiix K. 692

counted, and Captain Clark was chosen by a handsome majoiity, and declaied by the
officer in charge duly elected captain, whereupon all commenced to cheer and clap their
hands. Soon Captain Clark appeared, and the speech he made I shall never forget. It
was eloquent and patriotic.

I had never heard him before and was deeijly impressed, and thought him quite
remarkable, and just the man to lead us in battle. In a few moments announcement
was made to forward votes for first lieutenant, and away we went again, ballots in
hand, but not so well agreed, and there was considerable excitement and anxiety,
for Captain Clark's friends who had kept quiet until he was elected, were now more
out-spoken in their preferences, and it was not so certain as to the result, but the
count gave my friend Brown a good majority and he was declared elected first lieu-
tenant.

In short order we were told to forward our votes for second lieutenant, the vote
was cast and counted quickly, and Carmi L. Marsh of Franklin, was the unanimous
choice for second lieutenant. The clans of Franklin especially East Franklin, were
jubilant and content because of so complimentary endorsement of their candidate
for second lieutenant. Both Brown and Marsh made nice little speeches, and thanked
the boys for the honor, and promised to do their best.

The facts are that the boys did not have much to do about this election, and still
they were generally well pleased and satisfied. It was really pretty much all arranged
by the leading citizens and selectmen of the several towns there represented, before
we commenced to vote, and the boys were given the great privilege of ratifying
the selections made for us, (the third house, as is said, fixed it up). Some resented
this way and thought that those who were to go should have had more say as to
choice of leaders. A few were disappointed, but said not a word, and all joined in
hearty congratulations to those who had been so highly honored.

I doubt very much if the history of any other company of our regiment furnished
a more harmonious choice of company officers than Company K.

On the whole the first meeting of the boys was full of good will and cheer, and
pleasure and satisfaction to all, for on this day commenced many an acquaintance
that grew into warm friendship, and the indissoluble ties of comradeship which in
after years ripened into that relation, akin to that which existed between David and
Jonathan of old, and now with more than forty-five years intervening since that first
meeting, there is not to be found on earth any such abiding friendship among men
as found among the survivors of Company K.

The day was well nigh spent, and we were informed that the officers elect had
been considering the question of appointment of non-commissioned officers, (sergeants
and corporals) but would not be able to report until after medical examination. We
were also told that arrangements had been made with Landlord Johnson to feed
and keep all who wished to remain, but If any wanted to go home, would be givea
a furlough until the 16th, on which day all must be present for medical examination.
We soon found that a furlough involved simply our word of honor, and promise to
return. Most of us returned to our homes, realizing now that we were organized
into a company of soldiers, and soon would be on the way to take an active part in
the suppression of the Rebellion.

The papers were teeming now with ominous news concerning General McClellan's
Peninsular Campaign, its failure and losses, General Pope's battle of Second Bull
Run, and the invasion by General Lee with his mighty army flushed with victory
into Maryland to capture Washington, and the urgent calls for troops to hasten on
to defend the capital city of the nation.

Such depressing news at such a time, and when only just organized was food for
thought and meditation, and anxious solicitude for the cause of the Union. We sincerely
believed in a few days, that we should be on the way to Washington to take an active
part with the army of the Potomac. We were ready for the life of a soldier, and its
consequences had been fully considered before we volunteered, such at least was the
case with nearly all.

Tuesday, September 16th was a lovely day, and the boys were all on hand for
medical examination. As a rule we were a little timid and anxious, for we knew
not how rigid the examination would be, or how many of us would be rejected.

Dr. Hiram F. Stevens, of St. Albans, had been appointed and was present, ready to
discharge the duty assigned him. He looked ard appeared like a kind hearted
gentleman of the old school and came with a well earned reputation In St. Albans,
where he was born and was a prominent citizen and physician. He assured us no
one would be harmed, and no occasion to be frightened. We were taken one by one,
into the parlor of the hotel, and given such an examination as was required to ascertain
our probable fitness for soldiers. This took all day for there were 126 for examina-
tion. The manner of examination was novel and some blushed when asked to strip
to the skin. The doctor was full of fun and joked as he carefully handled and looked
us over, taking from three to five minutes in each case. Only a few were rejected,
thirteen out of one hundred and twenty-six. Some of the rejected were much disap-
pointed, and others consoled themselves with the remark, "No danger of being drafted

692 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

now." The selectmen of the several towns were present on this occasion, and deeply
Interested, for unless enough of their enlisted men passed the examination, they
would be obliged to find others to fill up their quota under the call, (and that very
quickly), for appearances indicated we should leave the state for the front very soon.
Most of the boys returned to their homes for the night, others remained at the hotel.
Just before separation Captain Clark expressed his regrets that any had been found
to be physically disqualified for the army, and was very sorry to part with any who
had enlisted into his company, also gave notice that he would announce on Friday
the appointment of the non-commissioned officers, that the medical examination
being over, the selections could be made and that the officers would look the situa-
tion over and do the best they could to please every one, and was very sorry that
the regulations did not permit the appointment of more officers, believing from his
acquaintance, though brief, that nearly all would make first class sergeants and
corporals, and was grieved to think that some must be disappointed, also said that
we must now commence military drill, that there were some in the company who
had seen service and would give instructions in marching until sergeants and cor-
porals were appointed, and to be on hand at 9 o'clock next morning.

All were on hand at the appointed hour and were lined up In front of the hotel
for instruction. Not one looked like a soldier except Captain Clark, and he had on
the uniform that he wore when he was captain of Company A, 1st Regiment Vt. Vol-
unteers, three months' men.

The captain undeitcok to foini us in a straight line, but after repeated trials
gave it up; it was our first effort, we stood facing the same way, and side by side,
but the line was more like rail fences we found at Camp Carusi, that disappeared
so quickly after we arrived there- He finally divided us into squads of some twenty
in each and placed us in charge of Blake, Whitney, Smith, Church and Sisco, and
they took us out on the Common to receive our first military lessons.

It was my good luck to be in the squad of Geo. G. Blake, later elected captain,
and who had served three months as sergeant in Company A, 1st Vt. Regiment in
the spring and summer of 1861. He took us up opposite of the village cemetery
where stood a good stretch of fence and placed us up against it, and in this
way formed a pretty good line, placing the tallest at the head of the line and then
asked us to count twos. This was Greek to us. None in this squad knew what to do,
but were told and did it then all right, and he, Blake, said, "Now when I say right
face number one will turn one-quarter way round to the right standing in the same
places. No. 2 will, when they turn take one step to the right and forward so as to
be on line with No. 1 man, forming double or two ranks;" this was a long order and
all were ignorant, but apt and eager to learn. This we practised for some time, and
. had it not been for the cemetery fence nearby, the line would have been anything
but straight. We could see now the reason why placed along the side of the fence.

After a little the order was given "right dress." No one moved, but were told
what to do and how, and soon had that. Then came instruction how to march and
keep step, stepping off with left foot first then the right, and so we started down the
road, Sergeant Blake marking time by saying, "Left, right, left, right," and keeping
watch to see if all were doing as told. This was the first lesson, and it lasted about
two hours. It was hot and the boys began to look red in the face and wanted to
rest. It was about noon, and down to the hotel we all went to dinner, well satisfied
with the first lesson necessary to fit us for soldiers.

As I recall to mind that first lesson, I wonder that we ever became proficient
in military tactics and so quickly. Company K was one of the best drilled companies
in the line, and on dress parade was always prompt, lining up into position in
good style.

Friday the 19th was a day of considerable interest for all who were on hand to
hear the announcement of non-commissioned officers of the company, promised for
that day. We were all lined up in front of the hotel, and an order was read in
military style, as follows:
"Headquarters, Highgate Company, .Johnson's Hotel, Highgate, Vt. General Order No 1

The following appointments are hereby made: Sidney S. Morey, First Sergeant-"
James Halloway, Second Sergeant; George G. Blake, Third Sergeant- Levi Smith'
Fourth Sergeant; Orloff Whitney, Fifth Sergeant; Sumner H. Jennison First Cor-
poral; William Church, Second Corporal; Martin H. Hicks, Third Corporal- Edgar
F. Sisco, Fourth Corporal; Harland P. Bullard, Fifth Corporal; Hiram S Smith Sixth
Corporal; Melvin D. Corey, Seventh Corporal; William P. Olmstead, Eighth Corporal -
Edward A. Hibbard, Ninth Corporal; Cornelius T. Frink, Tenth Corporal" This
announcement disappointed a few, and surprised more, but the majority was satisfied
and were in no sense candidates and did not care. I never knew just why two more
corporals were appointed than we were entitled to, but so it was. Hibbard and Prink
were at the bottom of the list, so had to surrender and take their places as hish
privates and wait for the future.

The most of us remained at Highgate drilling daily until the 26th In the mean
time orders had been received, giving notice of the organization of the regiment at

Biographical and Historical of Company K. 693

Montpelier on the 24tli of September. The commissioned officers of Company K
responded to this call, and were present and took an active part in selecting the
field officers. Captain Clark of Company K was there and had seen service, was
ripe in years, and his general appearance was quite striking, and gave a very favor-
able impression.

After arrival at Montpelier, looking over the situation, it was found that the
election of Francis Voltaire Randall as Colonel was conceded and for Lieutenant
Colonel and Major a number of candidates were talked of, and the officers of High-
gate company with Whitney and others of our company, who went down to watch
the proceedings decided to try and elect Captain Clark as Major. Lieutenant Stephen
P. Erown was quite an aggressive wire puller, and Marsh and Whitney were not slow,
and Captain Clark understood the ways of the world and was a shrewd man, and
on finding out the situation at once made friends with the Montpelier and Barre
Company, suggesting to them they bring forward A. C. Brown, the then Captain
of the Montpelier Company, as a candidate for Lieutenant Colonel, pledging their
assistance. It was agreed to, after they had gathered for election and arrangements
were at once made for bringing forward A. C. Brown for Lieutenant Colonel, and
Captain Clark as Major, and it worked like a charm and they were duly elected.

Sergeant Orloff H. Whitney was also made Adjutant of the regiment, which was
quite a compliment to this company. These changes left a vacancy in our company
of a captain and sergeant, and that was the next question that stirred up our boys
considerably, and there was no end of talk and differences of opinion, as to who
was best fitted to fill the position of Captain made vacant by Captain Clark promoted
to Major, in fact every man of our company was now siding up and counting noses
for the contest.

Some of us who had heard about the military rule of promotion took it for
granted that First Lieutenant Stephen F. Brown would be advanced to the captaincy,
and Lieutenant Carmi L. Marsh, First Lieutenant, and First Sergeant Sidney S. Morey
advanced to Second Lieutenant, and so on, but we were soon informed that a
contest would be made for the position of Captain by Third Sergeant George G.
Blake, of Swanton, and he had seen service as Sergeant in the First Vt. Regiment
three months, and had many friends among the boys whom he had been drilling
for some days, besides influential friends outside, who were active in his support.

The writer who had now become somewhat acquainted with Sergeant Blake
and many of the others of our company realized at once that he would be a strong
candidate against Lieutenant Brown, and as a friend of Brown, and working for his
promotion, expressed fears and gave reasons to Lieutenant Brown for them, but Brown
confident as ever and remarking that Orderly Sergeant Morey would like to be elected
Second Lieutenant, and he had many friends in the company from Swanton and High-
gate, who were anxious for his promotion and Carmi L. Marsh's friends, too, would
stand by him because they wanted him advanced to First Lieutenant, and he had seen
the boys and was sure that it would be all right, and that my fears were groundless.

I could see that in view of his now being left in command of the Company as
First Lieutenant and fairly entitled to promotion, and Marsh's friends who were en-
thusiastic for Brown in order that Marsh might be advanced, and Morey's friends
too, were anxious for his advancement, that likely my judgment was a little off and
yet I had been daily with the boys since organization September 11th, and had become
very well acquainted with most of them, and as soon as we heard the news on the
evening of September 24th, that Captain Clark had been elected Major, the boys
commenced to talk about who would now be elected captain. Some said Lieutenant
Brown and others Sergeant Morey, and a few of the Highgate boys wanted Sergeant
Halloway, also quite a respectable number who thought Sergeant Blake would be
the better man for captain.

The next day and night and forenoon of the 26th was spent by the respective
friends of the several candidates, in an endeavor to arrange combinations, programs
that would bring victory to the aspirants for office, and it was a very laudable am-
bition, for all mentioned were worthy and qualified, and no mistake could be made
whoever won out. Naturally my little influence was for Brown, and yet I had in the
few days of association with the boys become attached to many, especially Sergeant
Morey, Halloway, Blake, Lieutenant Marsh, and privates Best, Meigs, Robey, Hicks,
Searl, Butterfield, Comstock, Hibbard, Richardson and others and so mingled with all
and conversed freelv concerning the coming event, which bid fair to be more exciting
than our first election.

September 26th was a grand day for election and all were on hand agreeable
to notice, cheerful and happy, enthusiastic for election, and confidence could be seen
in every face (but before the day was over some were sadder and wiser too). No
one seemed to be in a hurry to commence. It W8s evident that all were not of the
same opinion, and time was given to talk the all important subject over, and for
an hour or two on the little common in front of the old hotel, was seen squads of boys
here and there, earnestly engaged in trying; to convince each other as to who should
be elected captain. It was urged that Highgate had their man at the

694 The Thirtcentli Rcyiuicut Vermont Volunteers

first election, when Captain Clark was cliosen, and that Franklin had second
lieutenant and Sergeant Whitney of Franklin had been made Adjutant of the
Regiment and they ought to be satisfied, and Swanton should be accorded the captain.
This line of argument was quite effective, but there was trouble about agreeing as
to who should have the place. Sergeant Halloway would not consent to be a candi-
date, tor he said Highgate was not entitled to it, and that he was not fit for it anyway.
Lieutenant Marsh would not be a candidate against Lieutenant Brown under no
circumstances, and that Franklin had been given all they asked, and now had all they
were entitled to, and he did not feel competent tor the position, which he already
held, and did not care to advise anyone how to vote. Major Clark was on hand and
took an active Interest in the question of the day, and in fact had been authorized
to have charge of the election. It was claimed by some that Major Clark favored
Sei-geant Blake to succeed as captain, and the result justified this claim.. The
third house or outsiders were considerable in evidence on this election as well as
at the first, but of a different composition. It was well toward noon when Orderly
Sergeant Morey appeared on the piazza of the hotel and said, "Already, forward your
votes for some one for Captain, only those who belong to Highgate company have a
right to vote, and no others will be permitted to come into the place where the
votes are to be received by those appointed for the purpose, not to hurry or crowd,
plenty of time will be given for all to vote." The count showed that Brown, Blake
and v'orfv c^iiie out about njck and neck with a few scattering tor Sergeant Halloway
and Lieutenant Marsh, but no one receiving a majority, another ballot was at once
ordered.

It was now quite sure that a number of the boys had on the first ballot given a
complimentary vote to their particular friends, with the promise if no choice, to
vote for some one else at the next ballot, and the line up was a little different this
time. An effort was made to break the slate, but it was too late, the Franklin boys
(the most of them) were supporting Sergeant Blake instead of Lieutenant Brown.
The Highgate boys were divided between Brown, Morey and Blake, and those from
Alburgh, North Hero and Grand Isle were largely favorable to Blake and Morey,
and thus matters stood as the second ballot was about to be taken.

The vote was taken and counted, and Sergeant George G. Blake was elected
captain by a handsome majority, and the boys cheered and clapped their
hands. Sergeant, now Captain Blake, appeared and in his quiet and modest manner
thanked the boys for the honor and pledged his best efforts to serve the whole com-
pany, and that it would make no difference to him in his relations to the individual
members of the company as to whom they voted for, that it would be his aim to treat
all alike.

Among the first that walked up to Captain Blake was Lieutenant Brown, who
like a true man and loyal soldier, (and he was that from head to foot), and con-
srrftulated him on being elected captain, and that he not only cheerfully acquiesced,
but having served as sergeant in Company A, First Vt. Regiment (the same company
his father was a member of) and had had experience was by far the better fitted
for the position than any other man of the company.

Sergeant Morey came forward and in shaking hands said that while he had sup-
ported Brown, had not the slightest objection or feeling against him, and was pleased
to congratulate him on his success, and at once tendered his resignation as orderly
sergeant, if Cautain Blake had anyone else he desired to put in his place. Xo one
seemed to feel bad, for all recognized it a most suitable choice.

If Marsh had not been quite so modest about being promoted to first lieutenant,
and Morey's friends could have been convinced that the only chance for him was
to support Brown on the first ballot, then advance Marsh, the company would have
been officered Stephen F. Brown, Captain: Carmi L. Marsh, First Lieutenant and
Sidney S. Morey, Second Lieutenant. But in the light of to-day the writer is of the
opinion that all of the survivors of Company K sincerely believe that no mistake was
made when Sergeant Blake was chosen captain.

The vacancies in the list of sergeants by reason of Sergeant Blake's and Whit-
ney's promotion to captain and adjutant, were filled by appointing Merritt Manzer
third sergeant and promoting First Corporal Sumner H. Jennison to fifth sergeant.
Jackson Chadwick, the especial friend of Lieutenant Marsh was appointed first cor-
poral to take the place of Corporal Jennison.

The election was over and Captain Blake gave all permission to go home, but to
be back Monday for we were liable to be ordered to Brattleboro for muster into
United States service at any hour, and then the most of us went to our homes, to
say good-by to our friends for the last time before leaving the state.

Either at the close of this day or on the following, which was Saturday, Captain
Blake received orders from headquarters to start with his company on Monday morn-
ing for Brattleboro. We T>-ere row scattered and at our respective homes, and
special messengers were sent out to be at Swanton Monday morning September 29th
in season to take the cars for Brattleboro on the early morning train. Nearly all
arrived in time. The writer met the train at St. Albans, having come over from

Biographical and Historical of Company K. 695

Egypt in the town of Fairfield that morning, twelve miles away. We were the furthest
north, and therefore took the cars first.

Company G, the Bakersfield Company we met at St. Albans, and the Winooski,
Colchester and Essex company and Burlington company at Essex Junction, and the
Richmond Company at Richmond, and the Morristown and Waitsfleld companies at
Waterbury, and the East Montpelier company and Montpelier company and other
companies at Montpelier Junction.

It was a long, heavy train, moved slow, and did not arrive until late in the after-
noon. I am not certain that all of the companies of this regiment rode into Brat-
tleboro on the same train, but if two, one followed the other arriving at the same
time.

On our arrival at Brattleboro, we were received by Colonel Blunt with his regi-
ment, the 12th, and escorted to the camp ground called Camp Lincoln, where the
12th regiment had been for some days. We were assigned to some wooden buildings
long and low called barracks, prepared for the purpose, and in these we took up
our temporary residence, and right glad were all that found a place to rest for the
night, for all were hungry and tired. We were now for the first time, together as
a regiment, and from now on must be considered from new surroundings and asso-
ciations, and as a part of the 13th regiment.

I will now leave for the present further comment on the general history of my,
company and speak of the individual members of Company K, hoping to revive in
the memory of the survivors, incidents connected with our comrades of forty-five
years ago when boys, camping and tramping, marching and fighting, as soldiers and
patriots, for the preservation of the Union.

The implacable foe of man, time, unrelentless as ever has severed the brittle
thread of life and many, yes, a majority, of our company comrades of those eventful
days have passed over the turbulent river and joined the silent majority where too
soon those who remain must follow.

I am apprehensive unless some mention is made here by name of those who belonged
to this company, some one may be forgotten. Those who have prepared sketches
of themselves and their comrades that served in this company will not need ad-
ditional comment in this article, and should such be not further spoken of here, the
reason will be because elsewhere in our book of history, ample mention is made.

696 77)1,' Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

CAPTAIN LAWRENCE D. CLARK

first captain of this company, was bom in Swanton, Vt, in 1812 and died in his
native town in 1892. He was the grandson of Thomas Clark, one of the early settlers
of the town. His father was a captain of a sailboat for many years on Lake Cham-
plain, and took with him his son Lawrence while a mere boy, who soon became pro-
ficient and attached to the occupation of a sailor and followed it for many years,
attaining the then quite distinguished title of Captain on the Lake. Captain L. D.
Clark was a leading citizen and took an active part in all matters for the advancement
of society.

At the time President Lincoln made his first call for troops in April, 1861,
Captain Clark was captain of the Green Mountain Guards of Swanton, and was the
first line officer of the organized militia of the state to offer the services of this
company to Governor Fairbanks in response to the President's call for 7-5,000 men.
This company, the Green Mountain Guards of Swanton was given the right of the
line and called Company A, 1st Vt. Regiment, and mustered into United States service
May 2nd, 1861.

Captain Clark was mustered out at the expiration of the term of service, and
was subsequently active in the organization of Company K, 13th Vt. Regiment, was
elected its first captain, and on the organization of the regiment elected major. He
was an able man, and a very fluent talker, and his speeches at town meetings and
elsewhere were always eloquent, captivating and convincing. Though about fifty years
of age when elected major, yet he was vigorous and active.

The oldest officer in the Regiment and in the Second Vermont Brigade, and
yet was on hand and ready for duty at all times, night or day. He resigned at Camp
Wolf Run Shoals, Va., March 31st, 1863, with the declared purpose of entering the
navy.

He had been to Washington a number of times with that end in view, as was
said, to confer with General Casey and others, and when he presented himself before
the board for examination with his resignation and recommendations, he was told
that he was not eligible for service in the navy on account of his age, having a tew
days previous passed the age limit of fifty, and was for that reason rejected. Failing
in this pet desire, and mortified that he had resigned, he returned home and again
took up the life occupation of farming, but remained a true patriot to the end.

CAPTAIN GEORGE G. BLAKE

of Swanton, was tie next captain of Company K, and was elected September 26th, 1862,
at Highgate, Vt., to fill the vacancy by reason of Captain Clark's election as major of the
13th Regiment. Blake at the tmie was third sergeant. He had had experience as third
sergeant in the First Vermont for three months, and the boys liked him.

No captain of the line was more efficient, careful and prompt and enjoyed the
confidence of the officers, field, staff and line, than he, never sick, always on duty and
with his regiment and company, until mustered out with the regiment July 21, 1863.
A very modest and quiet man, and would neither seek promotion nor permit others to
work for him when vacancies in field offices occurred. He was attached to his com-
pany and preferred to remain with them.

His reports of the business affairs of the company were models of neatness and
accuracy and his watchful care over the company looking to its general welfare
was vigilant, maintaining the best of discipline always without offence to any.

He freely mingled with the boys and considered all on the level, so long as they
conducted themselves like good soldiers. There was nothing in his appearance and
conduct while in the. service, though well born and belonging to one of the first
families in his native town, Swanton, that indicated in the slightest degree that
he felt above associating with the most ignorant and lowly lorn man of his roninany.

Was ever kind and indulgent, and ready to grant favors to leave camp within the
limit of the rules and discipline of the regiment. While he was outside of the pale
and restraints of civil life and polite society, no one ever heard fall from his lips
profane and vulgar language or words of unwarranted reprimand. He never spoke
in anger. In fact I never saw him aroused with anger but once, and that was in the
forenoon of the third day of the battle of Gettysburg when one of his boys, a French-
man, ran to the rear over the hill out of sight. He said with much feeling, "The
miserable coward, see him run; he ought to be shot. Oh; if one of those shells
would hit him it would help him along a little faster and it would not be much
loss either." It was reckless indeed, as well as cowardly to run in that direction
then, for shot and shell were plowing the ground up where M. ran, but he, as often
is the case with such, was not harmed. Will say more of him further on. '

Captain Blake was third sergeant in an independent company called the Green
Mountain Guards located at Swanton when the news of firing at Fort Sumter aroused
the nation as never before, at the opening of the Rebellion, and this company after-

Biographical and Historical of Company K. 697

wards called Company A, First Vermont Regiment, was the first company in the
state to be inscribed upon the rolls of honor In response to President Lincoln's
first call for volunteers to suppress the Rebellion.

These facts are authenticated by Warren Gibbs, Esq., in his article on the
Military History of Franklin County as published in volume eleven, HJistorical
Gazetteer, and also appears in Vermont in the Civil War by G. G. Benedict, volume
one, chapter 4.

Captain Blake, then sergeant, was with the platoon of Company A when the
'First \ermont Regiment made a reconnoissance to the village of Hampden, Va., May
22nd, 1861. The bridge on approaching it had been fired by the Confederate troops,
a platoon was selected by Colonel Phelps which was led by Captain Clark and dashed
forward on the double quick, reached the center of the bridge, tore up the planks
that held up the tarred wood and dumped them fire and all into the river below, then
put other planks across the space and the regiment crossed over, captured a cannon,
located so as to rake the bridge and also captured the major and other officers and
men in charge.

Sergeant Blake, afterwards captain of Company K, was with the platoon that
made this charge and helped pull up the planks, put out the fire and capture the
cannon on this occasion.

On the 27th of May the regiment went to Newport News, Va., and made the
first permanent occupation of the sacred soil of Virginia, as was said at the time
by the New York Tribune, and here with spade and pick Sergeant Blake, in charge
of a platoon of Company A was thrown up the first bastian and rampart on Virginia
p.oil, and Company A completed their task in their front first, and in this bulwark was
located a number of cannon, and Sergeant Blake was detailed and placed in charge
of these guns while the regiment remained at Newport News. Further mention is
made of Captain Blake in this history in a biographical sketch on page . See roster.

FIRST LIEUTENANT STEPHEN F. BROWN

First Lieutenant Stephen F. Brown of Company K, was in many respects quite
a precocious boy and young man, a brilliant scholar, applying himself at all times
with zeal and determination when at school, and every leisure moment while at home
on the farm, to acquire knowledge. He was a teacher at the age of sixteen years in
a district school of his native town. In the fall of 1860 the writer first met him as a
student at Bakersfield Academy. He was then eighteen, past, but looked and ap-
peared much older. Was here preparing for college and ten to fifteen hours each
day did he toil with Greek and Latin and other text books to reach the goal of his
ambition. His father and mother were devoted Christians and prominent and leading
members of the Methodist Church at Swanton, and therefore, Lieutenant Brown in
early life was surrounded by exceptional advantages for acquisition of knowledge, moral
and technical.

He was born and raised as a genuine patriot, confirmed in the belief that there
was no country or land like his. Only a mere circumstance prevented him from
volunteering into Company A, First Vermont Regiment under the first call made
by President Lincoln for troops. He was anxious to go, and so was his father, but
only one could be spared very well from the farm. His father was forty-four years
of age, and his son, afterwards Lieutenant Brown, nineteen, and both were anxious
to join the Green Mountain Guards and go to the front, but finally agreed that one
should go and the other remain to carry on the farm. The father, in order to amicably
settle the question, as to which should go, proposed the old arbitrary custom of
drawing cuts, and the one who drew the longest to remain at home and the shortest
to go. The wife and mother like a true Spartan, said, (with an aching heart for she
would not decide between husband and son), "now, the one that draws long to remain;
and the one short to go." The mother prepared the sticks and held them firmly
grasped and securely guarded so neither could detect one from the other, and the
father drew first and won, and volunteered, and the son though sadly disappointed,
cheerfully acquiesced in the result and manfully managed the farm until his father
returned.

Within thirty days after his father's return home he enrolled under recruiting
officer George P. Conger, of St. Albans, expecting then to serve in the First Regi-
ment, Vermont Cavalry, but on account of an injury to the back in early life, was
advised by the family physician that he was disqualified for service as a cavalryman,
and therefore was not mustered in with this regiment.

The next year In August, 1862, Lieutenant Brown realizing the urgency for
troops, and not satisfied to defer longer his cherished desire, and becoming seriously
impressed with duty to country, again volunteered, and this time to go into the
infantry branch of the service. He with Captain Blake was given authority by the
selectmen of their town to raise recruits to fill the quota of the town under the call of
August 4th for 300,000 volunteers. Brown and Blake volunteered at a public meeting,
and was then and there supplied with recruiting papers and at once started out to

698 The Thirteenth Regiment I'ennont Volunteers

raise the company, and in a few days, more than enough had enrolled to avoid a
draft in their town. Brown in this as in all matters was energetic, and secured
many school mates and friends of good standing to go with him. He was not one
of that class usually called "a hail fellow well met," and yet always kind and generous,
very friendly to every one, and would shake hands as often as he met you, and yet
his appearance was reserved and therefore some were led to think that he felt above
the boys of his company, which was not true, but these were first impressions and
all soon discovered that Lieutenant Brown conversed and mingled freely with all,
especially the more humble born and ignorant of his company.

Brown felt that he was entitled to be advanced to the captaincy of Company K,
when Captain Clark was promoted to Major of the Regiment, but no one, unless
some very intimate friend, ever heard a word of criticism fall from his lips con-
cerning it.

He sincerely believed in the principal of majority rule and manfully discharged
his full duty in whatever capacity assigned him. He was ever loyal, kind and con-
descending to his superiors in office and never manifested revenge, jealousy or ill-will
toward any in his company or regiment. He entered into military life with his whole
heart and gave his undivided attention to the end of rendering the best possible ser-
vice to his country. He would cheerfully divide his last cent or ration of food with
any of the boys of his company, and would freely stretch forth his hand at any
time to assist and serve the most lowly of his comrades regardless of time and effort.
At all times day or night he could be found in his place ready for duty.

The boys did not at all times take kindly to every idiosyncrasy manifested or
suggested by him, and sometimes failed to accord to him the courtesy he deserved.
He visited the sick in camp or at the hospital almost daily, looking after their wants
and care, and with his ever present supply of quaint and funny stories endeavored to
encourage and cheer. The despondent, the sick, the unfortunate, the more ignorant,
and the homesick ones he sympathized with, and such were his ardent admirers.
Likely no officer in the regiment would make so great a ijersonal sacrifice as he, to
accommodate or do a favor, regardless of rank or title. He was always with his com-
pany and regiment, alert and anxious concerning the wants and comforts of those
of his company, especially, (and sometimes at great risk of life and sacrifice of
official position) as will appear in a biographical sketch of him in another part of
this book.

While I personally knew he was apprehensive of death every moment in battle,
yet no one showed less fear or acted more bravely. He had perfect command over
himself and moved about as if no accident could befall him. It was my privilege
during that great battle of Gettysburg to see but few whose appearance commanded
my admiration like that of Lieutenant Brown. On this bloody field he illustrated
again and again those great and noble qualities, absolutely essential in a soldier,
whether an officer or a private.

His conduct as an officer of the Line in the loth Regiment was highly honorable
and creditable. He was a valiant soldier and conscientiously discharged every duty. A
biographical and genealogical sketch of Captain Brown will be found on page
See Roster of this book, which will speak of him in civil life as well as military.

SECOND LIEUTENANT CARMI L. MARSH

Second Lieutenant of Company K, was elected at the organization of the Com-
pany at Highgate, Vt., September 11th, 1862. He was a stranger to all except his
friends from the town of Franklin who had enlisted and came with him to attend
the election of company officers. Though some had heard the names of those
enrolled from Franklin that were to become a part of Company K, none of us who
had lived in other towns had any acquaintance or had ever seen them until that day.

We soon learned that the Franklin boys were urging the claim for the position
of lieutenant, and this lead the outside fellows to look over the Franklin boys and
make inquiry as to who their candidate was to be. Some of us were considerably
surprised when young Marsh was pointed out to us by Orloff Whitney, Jack Chad-
wick and others of the clan of the east side of Franklin Pond.

He was only nineteen at enlistment, smooth face, quite small, and very young
looking and appearing for one of his age. We were told that he was a farmer's son
of good character and standing at home, and though he looked young, yet he had
shown as a boy at school, that he had sufficient courage and would stand up for his
rights, and would never run though badly worsted by the other fellow, and all the
boys liked him and would stand by him, and assured all who doubted their judgment in
proclaiming their friend Marsh for so important position, that he was the best
stuff for a soldier and would make a good officer.

I sought introduction to satsify myself as to his fitness, as I was four years
older and thought myself at that time quite capable of judging as to qualifications,
requisite for such a position, (which was altogether too much egotism on my part)
also was anxious to confer with him and his supporters concerning election, for I

Biographical and Historical of Coiiipan\ K. D99

was interested in advancing the interests of my friend, Stephen F. Brown, as the
candidate for first lieutenant of the company. We were there to organize.

OrlofE Whitney gave me an introduction which left a very favorable impression,
and was fully satisfied the boys were not exaggerating, nor making any mistake in
urging Carmi as they called him, for official honors. He appeared older to me
after my short visit and did not look quite so young. In fact he was a very good
looking young man, with a genial disposition, and though modest and retiring, mani-
fested much interest in the business we had met to transact.

The boys from Swanton, as soon as they became acquainted with young Marsh,
were pleased that he was a candidate for second lieutenant, and pledged their ardent
support, only asking that Brown of Swanton should be considered by them a candi-
date for first lieutenant, and this was satisfactory.

When the hour of election arrived there was a pretty good understanding all
around, and the election passed off in a friendly manner, and Marsh was unanimously
elected, and the Franklin boys were elated and went home happy and satisfied with
the results.

As soon as Carmi, as he was called, was declared elected, he was given a ride
around the common on the shoulders of his ardent and enthusiastic admirers (as
was customary in that day) while the others cheered and clapped hands as they
witnessed the antics of the boys. As I now recall to mind this incident. Comrade Marsh
did not seem to enjoy the ride, and yet he submitted with good grace and tried hard
to show appreciation for that kind of a compliment.

During the following three weeks, while we were at Highgate drilling and waiting
for orders, I often met Lieutenant Marsh and became quite well acquainted with him.
Our relations were pleasant and soon our acquaintance ripened into warm friendship,
though I was a private and he a lieutenant, it made no ditteien e to t.ini. o^u it
ever treated me as an equal, which owing to my peculiar notions as to rank and
file wa^ much appreciated. Lieutenant Marsh discovered early that I came to the
Company as a total stranger (save that of Lieutenant Brown) and he took in the
situation, and in many ways endeavored to make things pleasant.

The writer was naturaly proud spirited, had had some educational advantages,
had been for a number of years a teacher in the common schools of our state, had
been a student at Bakersfield Academy for a number of terms, had mingled in good
society, had quite an extensive acquaintance, and enrolling under such circumstances
among strangers when I came to consider the situation, seemed to me a mistake. I
did not at first take kindly to the subordinate relation occupied by myself and in
fact refused from first to last the use of my name for non-commissioned appointments,
and Lieutenant Marsh did more than any other of my comrades to make my soldier
life pleasant, and in a measure useful.

This personal reference is made only to show some of the excellent qualities
of head and heart of Comrade Marsh while a soldier. Lieutenant Marsh grew fast
in the estimation of his company associates, and before we left for Brattlehoro
September 29th, all were agreed that his selection as lieutenant was as good as could
have been made. Marsh was at Montpelier as one of the officers of the Line Sep-
tember 24th, and took an active part in the election of the field officers of the regi-
ment. His especial friend and neighbor, Orloff H. Whitney, was made adjutant of
the regiment on this occasion, which was considered a compliment to the officers
of Company K, and an honor deservedly bestowed.

Considerable credit may properly be given Lieutenant Marsh for Sergeant Blake's
election as captain of Company K. He had been associated with, and observed Ser-
geant Blake's drilling of the boys on the common daily, and discovered his qualifi-
cation to handle and read men, and therefore favored his election simply because he
deemed him the most fit man for the position.

Military tactics and soldier life was all new to Lieutenant Marsh, as well as
nearly every one In the company. He had been brought up on a farm in the east
part of Franklin and his father's many acres were bounded on the west by that
beautiful sheet of water known and now called Silver Lake. Here he was born, and had
spent his life until now, and therefore knew how to plow and sow, milk cows, drive
oxen, make sugar, break colts, and was an apt hand in all that pertained to carrying
on a large farm, besides he could fish, hunt and swim, never had seen or heard a
cannon, but had now and then taken the old musket that hung on the kitchen wall
to hunt for squirrels, and as a small lad played with the old fiintlock gun his grand-
father carried in the war of 1812. This was the extent of his military education when
he was elected lieutenant of Company K. He was an apt scholar and applied him-
self with diligence, and as soon as any, acquired sufficient knowledge to do his part
in a creditable manner. When he dressed up in his new uniform at Brattlehoro,
the day we escorted the 12th Vermont Regiment to the depot on their way to Wash-
ington, he certainly looked fine and appeared well, and gave promise of an efficient
officer, and his company had reason to feel proud of his soldierly appearance even
thus early in the service.

700 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

Lieutenant Marsh continued with the company in the faithful discharge of his
every duty to the full satisfaction of his associate officers of the Line, as well as
those of the field and staff until he was taken down with typhoid pneumonia, or
congestion of the lungs as it was then called, on the last day of December, 1862.
Our regiment being then stationed at Fairfax Court House, Virginia. We arrived
at this place in the night of December 12th, marching all the way from our old
Camp Vermont, a mile or so from Alexandria, Virginia. This was a long, hard march
from daylight to dark.

Our regiment was located northwest of the Court House about one mile, on a
rather low flat piece of ground near some woods. Lieutenant Marsh was taken to
the Court House village and placed in the hospital about December 31st. We had
been more than usually busy at this camp. General Stoughton, who had just been ap-
pointed and placed in command of the Second Vermont Brigade, was ambitious to have
his brigade in good condition, and the Thirteenth was daily engaged in battalion and
brigade drill beside picket duty. The weather was cold and the low, flat lands were
soft and muddy, and the locality was anything but healthy. Many were sick with
entric diseases and malarial fevers, colds and other diseases incident to army life
in this part of Virginia at this season of the year. At no time thus far were so many
of Company K on the sick list as at Fairfax Court House, in the latter part of December.
The duties here were exacting and hard, for officers and privates alike. Lieutenant
Marsh for ten days before giving up was really unfit for duty, but remained with his
company doing his part just the same.

Our regiment was sent out to Centreville some six or eight miles away on four
days of picket duty on the front line, without tents on the 20th of December, and
when Lieutenant Marsh returned was urged by captain Blake to go to the Court
House into the hospital for a few days, but he said no, that he was all right, but
the daily drills of the Regiment and Brigade, and the all night in the trenches on
the 28th of December, when General J. E. B. Stuart made his raid and attack on the
court House, was too much tor the sick man, and he was taken to the hospital from
camp on the last day of December, and there remained until the day the regiment left
for Wolf Run Shoals January 20th, 1863. The writer was left behind with others in
charge of tents and baggage, to wait tor transportation. Two from each company were
left as guards, from Company K, Corp. M. V. Hicks and myself.

Lieutenant Marsh learned of the removal of our regiment to Wolf Run Shoals,
and being now convalescent was anxious to join his company and regiment, and
also having ascertained that a guard from his company were still at the old camp
in charge of baggage, waiting for transportation, came down there and found Com-
rade Hicks and myself still waiting, but expecting the mule teams any hour to take
the remainder of the regimental baggage to our new camp some twelve miles south
to the upper Occoquan River.

Lieutenant Marsh remained with us a number of days for the teams to come,
expecting an ambulance would also come, there being no other way for Lieutenant
Marsh to reach camp without marching. He had seen enough of the hospital, he
said, and if he couldn't ride he would march to camp. The weather had been bad, and
much rain for several days, the roads were awfully muddy, small streams overflowing
their banks. The teams finally arrived, the balance of the baggage was soon loaded
and on the way to Wolf Run Shoals, by way of Fairfax Station, there being no chance
to ride. Lieutenant Marsh, regardless of rain, mud and high water, started with
Hicks and myself and others of the guard, to make the march. We were soldiers
and must join the regiment as soon as possible. We had been waiting here five
days, rations were growing scarce. We had plenty of salt pork and beef and coffee
left behind, but this we had already eaten too much of. After baking a hoe cake
in the coals between our tin plates, boiled some rice and made coffee, loaded up the
wagons, packed knapsacks, were ready to leave for our new camp.

This was a hard march through Virginia mud and water for ten miles and more,
it was too much for Lieutenant Marsh, who had only just recovered, but he was
anxious and determined to go and said he was all right and could stand a short march
like that as well as ever. We reached Fairfax Station some four or five miles, all
right. Here an officer of the quartermaster's department came along riding one horse
and leading another, and the author informed the officer of the extremely exhausted
condition of Lieutenant Marsh and asked that he be given a chance to ride to camp,
for he had just recovered and left the hospital, and was very anxious to join the regi-
ment at Camp Wolf Run Shoals. He was tired and could not march further with safety.
Had this officer resijonded to this appeal to allow Lieutenant Marsh a ride to camp
five miles away he would not have had a relapse, and an attack of cerebro spinal menin-
gitis that carried him so near the shadow of death where for weeks he lingered on the
brink of Eternity, the spark of life by gentle hands and careful nursing continued until
restored; a ride to camp on this occasion would have averted this long sickness and
retained in the service one of the best and most devoted officers of the 13th Regi-
ment. Lieutenant Marsh was obliged to stop and rest a number of times,
and his appearance was alarming, and I feared he would not be able to reach

■ Biographical and Historical of Company K. 701

camp, but by slow marching and resting often, we did reach camp, though well jaded
and used up. Lieutenant Marsh, especially, was completely tired out, the journey
was too much for him. We got him into a tent as soon as possible and made him
as comfortable as surroundings would permit for the night, but he could not sleep
or rest, and m the morning had a raging fever, and was suffering with intense pain
in the head and back. He remained in the tent that day and night, and late in the
afternoon of the 27th we took him to the Regimental hospital where he could have
a better place and better care.

The regimental surgeon. Dr. Nichols, said he was suffering with a relapse, and
was a very sick man, and was apprehensive about his recovery, and called the case
now cerebro spinal meningitis.

He was regarded in a critical condition. Lieutenant Marsh's father was imme-
diately notified, and the father and mother arrived in camp as soon as conveyance
could bring them, reaching camp on the evening of February 5th. My diary of Feb-
ruary 6th records the fact that I labored all day in fixing up a tent for the accommo-
dation of Lieutenant Marsh's father and mother, but under the advice of Surgeon
Nichols, Mr. Marsh found a suitable place about a mile from camp where his son
was taken and nursed until able to return with his parents to Vermont. (A sketch of
this rebel nurse that likely saved Lieutenant Marsh's life, and how he found her
in Virginia 30 years after the war will appear over Lieutenant Marsh's signature on
another page in this book, so I refrain from further comment now about this esteemed
lady.)

Lieutenant Marsh was told that if he ever fully recovered it would be a long time
before able to do any kind of work. He resigned on February 17th and when he
had sufflciently recovered was taken home by his parents to Vermont. I remember
very well the day he left home. I took him by the hand and said good-by, feeling
I should never see him again. All who knew him, especially Company K boys, were
sorry to part with him. His company comrades loved and respected him, his genial
disposition and kind and generous hearted ways had endeared every one of his
company, and they were his strong and abiding friends. I can never forget, nor
would 1', his words of regret, disappointment, and his sorrowful good-by the day be
parted with the regiment and started for home. He returned to his old home, re-
covered his health in the course of two or three years, and soon became a leader
among his townsmen. He married soon after the war a beautiful and estimable
young lady. Miss Delia Pelton of Highgate, whom he saw for the first time when we
were soldiers at Highgate in September, 1862, and if love at first sight it was excusable.
The old home farm which he still owns, he carried on for a number of years with
marked ability and success.

In the course of a few years he bought a large interest in the Kendall Spavin
Cure business, then located at Enosburg Falls, furnished the necessary capital and
push, and soon it was a growing and prosperous business. The concern was reor-
ganized and Olin Merrill and Moses P. Perley became partners with Marsh and for
many years past it has been one of the most flourishing and money making enter-
prises in Vermont.

It seems quite proper for me to here say that Olin Merrill married the only
daughter of our beloved adjutant, Orloff Whitney of the Thirteenth Vermont Regiment,
and of Company K. Mr. Merrill is an honorary member of our Regimental Associa-
tion, and takes a lively interest in the record made by the soldiers of his native
state, and especially of this regiment that won fame and imperishable honor on the
battlefield of Gettysburg, also because Mrs. Merrill's father, Orloff Whitney, was
adjutant of the regiment and Captain of Company H of the Thirteenth Regiment.

Lieutenant Marsh has been honored in civil life at home and in the county and
the State. When he was elected president of the Thirteenth Vermont Regimental
Association, he said, "that he prized that compliment as more honorable and dis-
tinguished, of which he was prouder than any other that had been conferred
on him in life, or could be." Those of us who have been quite intimate with him
since and before the organization of our Regimental Association, have many reasons
for the high regard and esteem that we have for him.

None save his more intimate friends know of his deeds of philanthropy for many
years past. He has been financially successful, and has widely and liberally dispensed
much in a quite unostentatious manner. The friendships formed in youth and early
manhood, which include many of Company K, are abiding as the ever green hills
that surround the home and hamlet where he was born. Lieutenant Marsh now lives
in Enosburg Falls, a beautiful and thriving village on the banks of the Missisquoi,
nestled among the hills of Enosburg, county of Franklin, in a beautiful home sur-
rounded by wife, children and grandchildren, and everything to make one happy and
contented. He still looks young, though born in 1843, and is as active in business
and interested In affairs of life, social, political and philanthropic, as ever. His
comrades wish him a green old age, and that he will be the last survivor of the surviv-
ors of Company K, convinced that he will see that his old comrades will be
tenderly and sorrowfully and suitably buried and some record left that future genera-

702 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont J^olunteers

tions may read and admire. His pictures, one as a young officer of Company K, and
otliers of recent date and a biographical slfetch, found on otlier pages of this book.
See Roster.

Lieutenant Carmi Lathrop Marsh was born in the town of Franklin, Vermont,
in 1843. The only son of a prosperous farmer on the eastern shores of Franklin Pond
(now called Silver Lake). Educated in the common schools of his native town; by
occupation a farmer, and for many years after the war carried on the old farm.

SERGEANT SIDNEY S. MOEEY

was made first sergeant at the organization of Company K. He was born in Highgate,
Vt., in 1840, and went to Swanton as a young man and engaged as a clerk in a store,
which was his occupation when he enrolled as a volunteer under President Lincoln's
call in August, 1862, for 300,000 nine months' men. He was popular among all classes,
and had the confidence of his employers, whom he served with fidelity and honesty.
He was at the time of his enlistment, August, 1862, 22 years of age.

My first acquaintance was after he had signed the roll, and I think only a few
days before we all met at Highgate, September 11th to organize a company. At
this time he was young, vigorous, active, enthusiastic, and on hand for any duty, and
(better than all) upright and reliable. His whole appearance indicated patriotic de-
votion and sufficient courage for the strenuous life of a soldier. As first sergeant
he was brought necessarily in close relation with each member of the company, and
to get along smoothly with a hundred (a number in each company) of young Ver-
raonters with peculiarities and notions of their own, and not used to military life and
discipline was no easy task, but he maraged the details for guard and picket duty and
the many things to be done each day with such care and skill as to offend none.

The prompt and courteous manner with which he discharged every duty gained
for him early in the service the commendation of his superior officers and the respect
of all with whom he mingled. There was no better looking, no more tidy appearing,
nor faithful and active among the whole list of orderllv sergeants in the Thirteenth
Regiment than Sergeant Morey of Company K, and his company was exceedingly
proud of him. He might, and should have had a commission when he entered the
service, but this he did not even try to secure. Evidently he had no thought of office
when he volunteered. Meritorious service and his admirable qualities pointed him out
as proper material for office, and in due season was commissioned Secnod Lieutenant
and assigned to duty in Company E. He was ever prompt and on time at company
roll call, and his clear cut voice rang out in camp first and often was well down the
list calling the roll, before any other voice could be heard. Xot one of Comijany K
could ever forget the quick time made as he called the roll, alphabetically arranged.
It rings in my ears now, and I can see just where he stood morning and evening, and
other times when calling the roll. He called it from memory, as I have been much
amused since the war to hear him repeat the old roll call, as when in the service in
the old days. We were often awakened from our morning dreams of home and loved
ones by the shrill voice of Sergeant Morey, and thus it was, "Fall in Company K;
hurry up there boys, Comijany K fall in, .get into line there quick, right dress, attention.
Sergeants Halloway, Manzer, Smith, Jennison; Corporals Chadwick, Hicks, Sisco,
BuUard, Smith, Corey. Olmstead; Musicians Brough, Labounty; "Wagoner Searl; Pri-
vates Barney, Best, Bovin, Brown, Bronfon, Burnell, Charles Burnell, Homer, Burns,
Burgess, Barr, Butler, Butterfield, Chamberlain, Chappel, Clark, Martin Clark, Welling-
ton, Comstock, Currie," and down through the list he went as fast as he could speak
the names. He had every name on the end of his tongue and off they fell in rapid
succession to the end, and before the last name was fully pronounced would come the
command, "break ranks, march," and in a jiffy every one was back in his tent, spitting
fire because called out in the rain and wind before day light, simply to answer when
called. It was fun to see the boys tumble out of their tents to get into line before
their names were reached, many half drssed, trousers in hand, cap on. bare foot,
shoes in hand, on the jump and run to be in season to answer to their names and
avoid being reported as absent. Sergeant Morey commenced to call the roll as soon as
the first man on the list was in line, and would not wait, for it was imperative duty
to fall in at once as the order (fall in Company K) was given.

The line was formed down the company street on either side of which were the two
rows of tents occupied by Company K. I was well down the alphabet, and near the end
of the list, so had more time than most of them to get into line, and often saw the antics
of the boys as they came out of their tents into position. Some would stick their heads
out of the tent and answer to their names and some would ask his tentmate to imitate his
voice and answer to his name if it was dark, and so on every name was answered to,
whether present or not, and the sergeant did not always notice the fact if now and then
one was absent. All were reported present and accounted for when the sergeant ap-
peared at headquarters to make his report. He was indulgent, and accommodating,
and did his best to please, when within bounds of rules and reasonable discipline.

Biographical and Historical of Company K. 703

Morey was a good officer and a brave soldier. I saw him In the battle of Gettys-
burg and can not be mistaken. He was near General Hancock when he was shot
out on the front line in the afternoon of the last day, and came running to Company
K for a tourniquet (knowing that Clark H. Butterfleld had one), to be applied on
the General's leg to stop the fiow of blood.

Lieutenant Morey has always claimed that he was one of those who assisted
General Hancock down from his horse to the ground, and of this fact there is no
doubt. The author was present and saw the incident. The writer knows that Lieu-
tenant Morey came to Company K, and returned to the place where General Hancock
was lying on the ground with Butterfield's tourniquet, and so says Butterfleld in
his sketch. Quite a number hastened to the General's assistance. Lieutenant Morey
returned with his regiment, was mustered out July 21st, 1863, and resumed his occu-
pation in Swanton and continued business until 1886, when he sold out and went
to Kansas City, Mo., where with his family, wife and only child, a son, Raymond
Morey, and his wife and child, Dorothy now reside.

For some years past he had held a responsible position in connection with the
water works of the city. He had always lived in Vermont and most of the time in
Swanton. His married life and business career was a part of the history of the town
of Swanton, and at the age of 46 he accepted the advice of Horace Greely and went West,
leaving behind a large circle of admiring comrades and friends. He had a cousin by
the name of George Y. Smith, a prosperous merchant in Kansas City, Mo., who had
urged him to come West, and held out very flattering inducements if he would come
to Kansas City, and because of these assurances from one in whom he had implicit
confldence, sold out his business in Swanton and on the morning of April 21st, 1886
started for the great West. He left behind his numerous friends who grieved over
the separation, and many there are yet in old Swanton that like to think of him and
his family, and are not yet reconciled to the parting. I am quite sure if Comrade
Morey could have seen what was before him, and realized the lonely hours because
of distant separation from dear friends and comrades, he would still be in Swanton.

The writer of this article felt the loss of parting more than any other, for I
was with him in the service and an intimate associate in civil life for many years
since, and had become like brothers, knowing each others joys and sorrows and
castle buildings of the future. Morning and evening we talked over again and again
the old days when soldiers, current events, local and general, and plans for the goal
we hoped some time to reach, (How idle, like the will-of-the-wisp ever seen but
never reached).

He was my dearest friend, and no one can ever realize how much I have missed
him. I do not look for one to take his place, nor would it now be possible. We
are now both standing on the brink of life's swiftly passing stream, expecting to be
summoned any day to join our comrades and friends on the other side. There
will appear on other pages of this book pictures and a biographical sketch of Com-
rade Morey. See page 242 of this book.

SERGEANT JAMES HALLOW AY

volunteered from the town of Highgate in August, 1862, and was made second ser-
geant at the organization of Company K. He was at this time a good looking, gentle-
manly appearing young man, six feet tall, well proportioned, dignified and reserved.
His age was 27 years, occupation a farmer. Was born February 24, 1835; died September
1, 1897; burled in South Main Street cemetery, St. Albans City, Vt. Married Jennie
A. Pierce, January 15, 1871. He was a fine specimen of the typical volunteer from
"Vermont at this important period. To see him gave ready answer why some of the
boys voted for him for captain at the election of company officers. He was a modest
and conscientious man, strictly honest and would not allow his name to be used for
any position that he did not feel himself qualified to fill. Had never had any military
drill or experience. He was a raw recruit and because of these facts reluctantly ac-
cepted, after considerable urging, the position of sergeant. He was well thought
of by neighbors and acquaintances and stood well in the community where he lived.
He had the reputation of standing courageously by his convictions, and the con-
stituent elements, prominent in his character made him just the kind of material
essential for the life of a soldier. Army life made no changes in his character, and
he maintained throughout the service the same dignified, modest and retirin.g dis-
position that was manifest when we first saw him at the company organization Sep-
tember 11th, 1862.

Every duty was promptly and fully done, courteous alike to officers and privates.
His clothing was clean and in order, gun and straps, buttons and buckles glistened
as new, and when he appeared for duty his tidy appearance was the envy of many
a slovenly fellow who wondered how he could keep so neat and trim living in a)
cotton tent and sleeping on the ground. His example taught his tentmates and the
rest of company K a timely and valuable lesson.

704 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

When Orderly Morey was promoted to second lieutenant. Sergeant Halloway took
his place as first sergeant, though by neglect no mention was ever made of his being
promoted and commissioned to first sergeant, and therefore was discharged as second
sergeant. He performed the quite arduous and exacting duties of this position with
entire satisfaction of all until the regiment was mustered out.

At Gettysburg on the charge against General Pickett's forces, he was wounded.
A piece of a shell hit him on the shin causing blood to flow quite freely, the wound
looked quite serious, and he appeared to suffer intense pain. This occurred just
after the charge had ended and after the Rebels had come inside our lines. I noticed
him limping a little and inquired of him the cause, he replied something hit my shin
a tew minutes ago, but 1 am all right. I advised him he had better see what
the trouble was, and we made a hasty inspection, and concluded that he was fortunate
it was no worse. It was so bad that he went to the rear with Companies G and I, who
had charge of prisoners captured to have his wound attended to and dressed by the
surgeon, and very soon was back again in his place, though now quite lame and
white In the face, but rot because of fear, for he was as brave and impetous in battle as
modest and calm on dress parade.

After being mustered out July 21st, 1863 he returned to his home in Highgate,
engaged as foreman for Waite and Jennison in the manufacture of turpentine from
pitch pine stumps that were found in the stump fences in Swanton and Highgate.
He continued in the employ of Waite and Jennison about two years, and then com-
menced work in a foundry at Highgate, and soon after went to St. Albans, about 1867,
and engaged for the St. Albans Foundry Co., and with them he remained for many
years until 1886, when he was appointed Deputy Collector and Inspector of Customs
and located at St. Albans, which position he held until compelled to resign on account
of failing health. He met with an accident, breaking some of the bones of his
shoulder, which he said was the cause of the disease of the lungs from which he
died September 1st, 1897. He married Jennie A. Pierce, a daughter of Hiram Pierce,
the old hotel proprietor of the American House, St. Albans, who with two daughters,
Catherine M. and Emma survive and reside at this day, January, 1906, at St. Albans
City, Vt.

Comrade Halloway held many offices of trust and responsibility. He was a
prominent Mason and a more zealous one or one who Illustrated the principles of
the Order more faithfully and conscientiously in his daily life it would be hard to
find. A biographical sketch and a picture of Comrade Halloway will be found on
pages referred to in Roster. See page 404.

SERGEANT MERRITT MANZER

volunteered from the town of Alburg about August 25th, 1862, though in fact he
was born and brought up in Swanton which was his home, but he had a right to enlist
in and count on the quota of Alburg. He was present and participated in the organi-
zation of Company K September 11th, 1862, and was at this time connected with a
hotel at Alburg Springs, then and since quite a famous resort on account of the
medicinal properties of its healing waters. He called himself an inn keeper. His age
was 23 years, five feet and nine inches tall, well proportioned, black eyes and hair, good
looking, strong and sturdy, just the kind for soldier life in the army.

When Third Sergeant George G. Blake was elected captain on September 26th,
young Manzer was promoted to fill the vacancy. The boys all seemed pleased with
his appointment and cheerfully endorsed and recognized the propriety of it. His
every duty was faithfully performed from first to last. No one ever heard him say
what he would do if he ever had a chance to fight; was no brag, he had an even and
cheerful disposition, and was very considerate with the boys when sergeant of the
guard in camp or on picket line, and never showed undue authority or acted in any
way, but what he considered himself only an equal of the privates in the company.
He made an admirable sergeant and attracted attention because of his fine appear-
ance. His conduct in camp, and on the march, and in battle was kind, heroic and
brave. He returned with the regiment to Vermont, and was mustered out at Brat-
tlebore July 21st, 1863. "Very soon he again took up the occupation of inn keeper,
and for a number of years was proprietor of the Merritt House, Alburg Springs.

About the year 18.. he started West and finally settled in St. Joseph, Mo., where
he managed the Huxly House, a large hotel, for twelve years, when he was suddenly
summoned to join friends and comrades in the great beyond. He never married.
The date of his death was April 5, 18... He was buried among strangers, not a rela-
tive or dear friend present to lovingly care for his remains. It is said a mod6(st
headstone marks the place where buried, and on it this inscription, "Merritt Manzer
born in Swanton, Vt.. 1839. Died at St. Joseph, Mo., April 15, 18... A patriot and'
soldier, sergeant of Company K, Thirteenth Vermont Volunteers in the war of 1861-
1865."

Though he died far from his native state among comparative strangers, yet we
are told once a year on Memorial Day loving hands scatter flowers and raise the

Biographical and Historical of Company K. 705

Stars and Stripes over his grave in memory of service freely offered, that his country
might not perish. A picture and brief sketch of Sergeant Manzer will he found by
reference to the roster and page 404 of this book.

OELOFF H. WHITNEY

volunteered August 25th, 1862, and on the organization of Company K was made fifth
sergeant, in which capacity he served only a few days, for on the organization of
the Thirteenth Regiment, September 24th, was made adjutant, and therefore his
career as a soldier with the regiment was as adjutant of the regiment and captain
of Company H. On account of his many duties Company K boys saw him but a
little, only in his official positions, and yet we always claimed him as one of our
company. His age when enrolled in Company K was 23 years, five feet and nine
inches high, occupation a farmer, and married, born in Franklin, Vt., in 1839. He
was of a good family, well brought up, and had a good common school education. He
was intelligent and prepossessing, ambitious, and full of life and push, zealous in the
discharge of duty, anxious for active service to test courage and accomplish deeds
of valor that the goal might be reached as soon as possible. His appearance on dress
parade commanded the admiration of the whole regiment, and his military bearing
and fitness pointed him out quite early for promotion, and he was commissioned
captain of Company H, January, 1863, which position he filled with ability and
satisfaction, no officer of the line was more popular. His premature and untimely
death fell like a pall over the whole regiment. He was prostrated with typhoid fever
in camp Widow Violet on the Occoquan, Virginia, and removed to Alexandria, Va.,
and placed in a hospital where the next day in an unguarded moment on account
of negligence of nurse, as his comrades believe, and while in a raging fever, without
knowing what he did jumped through an open window into the street below, and
died in a few hours after, June 4th, 1863. This sad event was a great loss to the regi-
ment, as well as to country, home and society. A picture of Adjutant Whitney and
a valuable sketch will be found by reference to roster and page 316 of this book.

SERGEANT LEVI SMITH

volunteered from Highgate August 25th, 1862, this was his second enlistment, and on
the organization of Company K was made fourth sergeant. He had seen service in
Company A, First Vermont Regiment for three months, and for this and other good
reasons was selected as one of the company sergeants. He was from the town of
Highgate, 26 years old, a married man, born in Highgate, was a good citizen and well
thought of by those who knew him. I recall with pleasure his kind and generous
disposition and his pleasant and manly ways with the boys of the company. No one
had occasion to say aught against him. He was a conscientious man and soldier, and
at all times satisfactorily discharged every required duty. An excellent sketch of
him by his friend, Comrade Meigs will be found on page .... See roster.

SERGEANT SUMNER H. JENNISON

of Swanton. was born in the town of Highgate, Vermont, March 6, 1843. His father
later moved to Swanton - and engaged in hotel business and in Swanton the son
attended and had the advantages of both district schools and academy of Swanton.
His occupation was hotel business when he enlisted. Was the son of Brastus Jenni-
son, the proprietor of the Central House, the leading hotel then, and for many years
at Swanton Falls. It was situated on the corner of Grand Avenue and First Street
on the easterly side of the Public Mall, within a stone's throw of the old Academy
and Congregational Church.

Young Jennison was brought up in the hotel, surrounded by all the influences
of a village hotel in a place like Swanton in those early days, good and bad. The
father was quite severe and watched his boys with zealous care. The mother was
kind and Indulgent, and Sumner, the oldest, often took advantage of the difference
of opinion held by father and mother as to bringing up boys, and now and then
played the truant and was not very steady at school or church, though nearby.

At the time of enlistment into Company K, August 26th, 1862, his age was 20,
five feet six inches tall, stout, well built and evidently well fed. He had a jovial,
rollicking way and was ready for a good time night or day. In the slang phrase of
the day was a hail fellow well met. His hotel surroundings made him quite bold
and forward and he knew many things that the boys from the farms had not as
yet learned. He came from a good family, and could trace it back to Robert Jen-
nison who came from England and settled in Watertown, Mass., in 1636. His grand-
father coming to Vermont in 1803.

At the organization of Company K, young Jennison was dubbed first corporal,
a position that he was qualified to fill, and when Orloff "Whitney was promoted to

7o6 The Thirteenth Regiment I'ernwnt Volunteers

adjutant, Corporal Jennison was advanced to fifth sergeant, and was chevroned with
three blue stripes on the sleeve Instead of two, which pleased him better. He was
full of fun and frolic and kept his tentmates, Sergeants Morey and Halloway, and
Private Cadmus Gates stirred up most of the time. He was no shirk or coward, far
from it. Was on hand for duty or a scrap at all times, and a rough and tumble scuffle
was his delight. He did much to drive away dull care and homesickness, and kept
the boys cheered up and would say. "Don't mope around so, the war will soon be
over and we will be on our way home." Though full of the old nick, yet he was
kind and generous and was a good soldier, and when the trying days of march and
battle came, he was resolutely at his post and could well be classed among the bravest
of Company K. He was an all round No. 1 soldier. He was mustered out with his
regiment July 21st, 1863, and returned to Swanton and continued in the hotel business
at the old stand until 1869. He married Miss Mary V. Hammond, and in 1872 went
to New York City and for many years travelled as a drummer for a wholesale house
in New York City. Then he went to Saratoga Springs and engaged in a small way in
the hotel and boarding house business. He returned to Swanton, his old home,
in 1SS4, and rented the same old hotel stand and ran a first class hotel for one year,
and then sold out and returned to Saratoga Springs.

Sergeant .Jennisou's first enlistment was in April, 1861, serving in Company A,
First Vermont Volunteers. Our esteemed comrade died long before his time in New
York City, September 15, 1904. His old comrades sincerely mourn his death and
sympathize with the widow and fatherless. He was buried at Saratoga Springs,
N. Y. His children are Homer B., born .January 24, 1869; Sumner S., born July 15,
1871; Nina M., born March 14, 1877; Albert E., born October 19, 1878, Emma L., born
April 10, 1888; all living in New York City. Last P. O. Address of widow and chil-
dren, 111 W. 82nd St., New York City. See page 403 of this book.

CORPORAL ANDREW JACKSON CHADWICK

volunteered from the town of Franklin August 25th, 1862, and at the time resided in
that part called East Franklin. He was a chum and loyal friend of Lieutenant Marsh,
and ready at all times to advance or defend his rights. He was at this time 21 years
of age, five feet, nine inches tall, big and strong and weighed 250 pounds in blouse
and trousers and army shoes. His confident way of expression and determined looks
persuaded most of us at sight that it would not be wise to run up against him in any
unfriendly manner. At our first meeting September 11th, 1862. at Highgate, the date
of election of company officers, it was much in evidence who his first choice was
for second lieutenant, and his words of preference were emphatic and to the more
timid of us weighty at least. We had no desire to express any doubt to him as to his
friend Marsh being the best man for the position of second lieutenant.

When First Corporal Sumner H. Jennison was promoted to fifth sergeant. Private
Chadwick was elevated to the quite responsible position of first corporal, jumping
from the ranks to the head of the corporal list. We had at this time ten corporals,
two more than the regulations allowed, but this was all right, as long as we remained
in Highgate, and I presume it was true as hinted at the time there was a large number
of Company K boys who considered themselves highly qualified for these official
places, and to satisfy as many as possible and encourage laudable ambition the com-
missioned officers. Captain Clark and Lieutenants Brown and Marsh hit on the
happy expedient of adding two more than usual to the list, you can see therefore
why Lieutenant Marsh had Andrew Jackson made First Corporal, for if all were
set up a notch and Jack put at the foot when we reached Brattleboro and were
mustered in and chevrons were distributed eight would be the limit and Jack would
be left out and that would not do and undoubtedly his friend, Carmi Marsh under-
stood this and had him made first corporal. It was a little humiliating to the ninth
and tenth corporals, Hibbard and Frink, to be left out in this manner. They were
never quite satisfied with the explanation offered, however, both Hibbard and Frink,
were remembered in due season as will appear.

No other first corporal with such an admirable figure and presence so well fitted for
the arduous duties of corporai as First Corporal Andrew Jackson Chadwick of Company
K. He was the heavyweight of Company K, and his 250 pounds was largely bone and
muscle. In all feats of strength, rough and tumble, catch as catch can, side or back
hold, or collar and elbow, Corporal Chadwick was champion of Company K, but quite
a number gave him a hard struggle and Private Hardy Ladue, a young ialacksmith
from Alburg, was quite his match at collar and elbow, and many a day in Company
K street at Camp Occoquan did they wrestle till each were exhausted without ap-
parent victory to either. Jack had the most science and was by far the heaviest, but
Ladue was quick and eel like and could not be thrown to the ground square on his back,
so not a fall as was said. The wrestling bouts brought many spectators from other
companies to watch the fun. Considerable strife arose and Company K boys did
considerable bragging and were ready to back Corporal Chadwick with any man in the
regiment with their greenbacks and scrip and sutler's checks. I had noticed on

Biographical and Historical of Company K. 707

these occasions one ot Company G boys who was always present and watching care-
fully every lock and twist and trip of the wrestlers, but said not a word. I knew
him and had seen him wrestle on Fairfield Green on election days with Mick Kirk,
Andrew Sherwood and others; likely no other ot Company K had knowledge of his skill
and fame at home.

One day while visiting with Company G boys for many ot them I knew, before
we enlisted, it was hinted, and I was requested not to say a word, that there was
a prospect for a match of wrestling between Company K and Company G, that Com-
pany G had a wrestler, but he was just recovering from a fever, and as soon as he
was well enough thought a match could be arranged. Nothing more was said for
some time about the match between Company K and G, but the wrestling went on
from time to time and now and then a fellow would try titles with Corporal Chadwick,
but none were able to stand up before him, but after a while a Company G man,
a good looking and proportioned as often seen, was prevailed upon by much urging
and prodding, and finally) with much apparent reluctance took hold of Corporal
Chadwick in a rather awkward and careless manner, but acted afraid and stood off
bracing up so that he could not be tripped, or be caught in Jack's fatal hip lock,
which had cost many an unsuspecting fellow before, but the Company G man had
watched Corporal Chadwick and took note of his particular skill and did not easily
fall into the trap. After a few trials Company G men not showing up very well.
Company K boys were ready for the match. Jack assured the boys he could throw
the Company G man right over his head as easy as rolling oft a log, and they need
not be afraid to put up their dosh, he would see that they did not lose. The day was
fixed a week ahead, umpires chosen, all details agreed upon, a smooth level plot of
ground, just in the rear of camp was selected. The day and hour arrived and the
regiment gathered in a large circle around the would-be champion. A few preliminaries
were completed and all was ready, excitement ran high and the betting by Company
K was two to one on their favorite corporal. The young aspirants for fame now faced
each other carefully and securely grasping collars and elbows at once commenced the
fencing with feet and hands, watching for a favorable opportunity to lock, trip and
twist. Company G man appeared less timid now, for the hour that he had been play-
ing and watching for was at hand, and was exhibiting unexpected skill and new
antics in the ring. Our corporal found that Company G man stood firmly on his
feet and labored with all his great strength to win the bout quickly. Corporal Chad-
wick grew red in the face, great drops of sweat coursed along his massive forehead
and down his cheeks in his manly efforts to close the contest, and show the assembled
sports that the clan from East Franklin was equal to the occasion. Company G man
hopped and jumped about first on one foot and then on the other, and every now and
then one foot would fly up on the corporal's side and down again so quick it hardly
could be seen. Cheer after cheer rang out first by Company K and then by Company
G. It was soon apparent among my comrades of Company K they were losing confidence
and might after all lose the bets so lavishly put up. After Company G man had worried
and sufficiently tired out the corporal, he suddenly and quickly took the famous Fair-
field Ju Jitsu lock and over his head, heels in the air down to the ground square on
his back came the champion of Company K. The ground trembled as he fell, but
no bones were broken nor was the corporal severely injured.

One long, loud and exulting cheer filled the air in which Company K took no
part. Now everybody was making inquiry as to who this Company G man was, and
where he came from. It was no less a person than John McMahon, the famous boy
wrestler, of Fairfield, and since the war has won, and it now hangs in his room, the
belt for the world's champion collar and elbow wrestler. Greenbacks, scrip and sut-
ler's checks were scarce with the boys of Company K for some time after but Company
U had plenty. This was Jack's last wrestling match, and he was wis.er, and now
gave his whole attention to his official duties. Company K, though humiliated, grace-
fully parted with their dosh, and cheerfully submitted to the loss of prestige, but
never again while in the service did so much bragging.

Corporal Chadwick was a good and valiant soldier, remained with his company
till the last and was mustered out July 2.1st, 1863. Since the war he has travelled
over his country from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and in many of the states. For
the last twenty years or more, he has resided in the town of Enosburg, in the employ
of his life long and loyal friend and comrade. Lieutenant Carml L. Marsh. He looks
older, but is still the same noble hearted and generous fellow as in the old days
when we knew him as corporal of Company K. The full name of Corporal Chadwick
is Andrew Jackson Chadwick, and was born in Franklin, September 27th, 1841, and
at the date of enlistment his occupation was that of a farmer. You will see on page

See roster of this book a brief sketch, and a picture on page 406 corroborates

my judgment of him. He married after the war, and now in the evening of life his
marital relations are happy and he enjoys the good will of a large circle of warm
friends. Since the writing of the above Comrade Chadwick has joined the silent
majority. Died in 1908; was buried in Enosburg, Vt.

7o8 T]te I'hirtccntJi Regiment Vermont Volunteers

CORPORAL WILLIAM CHURCH

volunteered under the first call lor 75,000 men in April, 1861, and joined Company A,
First Vermont Infantry. His second enlistment was August 25th, 1862, and from the
town of Highgate. At the organization of Company K, he was made second corporal
because a good man for the place, and also had had three months' experience in the
First Vermont Regiment. His ways were never offensive, a quiet manner, and gentle
disposition. He was a conscientious young man, had been brought up on a farm, sur-
rounded by the best of home influences, was a zealous Christian, and sincerely believed
that duty called him to enlist and battle for the preservation of the Union. He was
a model soldier, never shrinking from any duty, striving always to do his best. He
commanded respect and was held in high esteem by his comrades. His age at this
time was 22, five feet, eight inches tall, light hair, eyes dark, occupation a farmer
born in .lericho, Vermont. A fine appearing soldier, always well dressed, neat and tidy.
Took pride and pleasure in discharge of his official duties and was among the best
in the manual of arms and company and regimental drill. He was always at his post
of duty ready to respond at any call- His end was sad. yet glorious on the 3rd and last
day in the famous charge made by the Confederate General Pickett.

After the battle had been won, and the victory was ours, and we were returning
to a position in the front line, a hostile shell hit him and burst causing almost instant
death. Among all the bodies that I had seen on this gory field, his was the most
horribly mangled. On the following day we carefully gathered up his remains, moved
them to the brow of a hill where we had dug a shallow grave and lovingly and ten-
derly placed him in it and at the head we set a mark that the place might be found
should occasion require it.

In a short time Captain Blake after he had been mustered out returned to that
great battlefield where many thousands had been buried, and guided by the mark
we left, readily found the grave, opened it, and found the body, and brought it to
Vermont, and he was buried in the Church street cemetery at Swanton Palls, and a
modest head stone now marks his last earthly resting place. This young life was
Ireely offered a willing sacrifice upon his country's altar. He died in a great cause

and not in vain. A brief sketch by the hand of another will be found on page

See Roster.

CORPORAL MARTIN V. HICKS

was enrolled August 21st, 1862, and was from the town of Swanton and joined Com-
pany K at Highgate September 11th, 1862, the date of the election of company of-
ficers. His age was 25, born in Swanton, Vt., and a married man, five feet six inches
tall, sandy hair and complexion, eyes blue, rather slight in build, though active and
vigorous. He was gentle and kind with a happy disposition. Evidently he had been
well brought up, and his occupation was a farmer. He married a daughter of H.
Beals, a prosperous farmer of the east part of Swanton.

The firing on Sumter found Martin V. just settled down in this neighborhood
with his chosen lite partner, happy and looking forward to a blissful and honorable
life. At the organization of Company K, Hicks was made a corporal. This posiiion
he filled with credit to himself and honor to the company. He was reduced to the
ranks after he had served considerable time at his own request, while we were In
camp at Fairfax Court House in January, 1863. Corporal Hicks made up his mind
while in this camp that the honors of office were a burden, and that there were so
many aspirants anxious for the few blue stripes upon the sleeve in Company K, that

he said to Captain Blake, "Reduce me to the ranks and appoint to

fill my place, I am willing to pass the honors around." Thereafter Hicks was an
honorable private, which position he enjoyed and filled all O. K. Hicks was taken sick
at Camp Widow Violet with malarial fever, and went into the camp hospital, and
subsequently was moved to Alexandria, Va., to a general hospital where he remained
until the expiration of cur term of service and joined us at Baltimore on our way to
Vermont. He was mustered out with the Regiment at Brattleboro, Vt., July 21st, 1863.

Since the war Comrade Hicks has resided in Franklin County, Vt, engaged in
speculation and mercantile business. For the last twenty years or more has resided
in Fairfax and has been engaged in the furniture and undertaking business. He
has been a very active business man, and his efforts have been rewarded with rea-
sonable success. He is well thought of by those who know him. His first wife
died a good many years ago, and he is now living with his second wife, apparently
happy and contented. When I meet him he delights to dwell on the Incidents of
army life, and the days of his early manhood. Corporal Hicks was for a time my
tentmate, and hence I have spoken from knowledge concerning him. He now looks
and appears young and is still as active in business as ever, and if you doubt my
judgment look on page 408 of this book where you will see him as he was and as he
Is now, January, 1906.

Biographical and Historical of Company K. jog

CORPORAL EDGAR F. SISCO

was of the Franklin clan, and on the organization of Company K was made fourth
corporal. He had seen service as a private in Company A, First Vermont Volunteers,
and I was told at the time that was the principal reason of selecting him for one of
Company K's non-commissioned officers. My first acquaintance was when our com-
pany elected its officers at Highgate September 1,1th, 1862. At this date his age
was 27 years, five feet, seven inches high, dark hair and eyes, and slight in build.
Born in Franklin, Vt., and educated in the old district schools of his native town.
His occupation was a shoemaker, and was a married man. His disposition was fretty
and morose, and evidently he was not satisfied with the distribution of offices made.
He was better fitted for the shoemaker's bench with hammer, last and awl, than
the arduous life of a soldier in time of war. He mingled but little with the company,
save when on duty, was not contented, and like many others, longed for home and the
loved ones left behind. He was seriously affected with homesickness which was
at times epidemic in our regiment.

The marching, snow and rain, and Virginia mud and sleeping on the cold, wet
ground in cotton tents, was too much for him. He was taken sick on January 4th,
sent to the hospital at Brattleboro, Vt., and finally discharged January 12th, 1863,
for disability. He returned home, recovered his health, resumed his occupation, and
after a few years moved West, where we are told he died quite a number of years
ago, but when or where have not been able to obtain any definite knowledge.

CORPORAL HARLAN P. BULLARD

Fifth corporal of Company K, volunteered from the town of Swanton, August 25th,
1862, and at once became active and interested in the enrollment of relatives and
friends and the preliminaries leading up to the election of officers and organization
of Company K on September 11th, 1862. He was at this date 25 years of age and
married, five feet nine inchs high, light hair and complexion, blue eyes and a fine
looking and a well appearing young man. He had been educated in the common
schools and the Swanton Falls academy of his native town, was well bred, belonged
to one of the first families in town, and as a young man stood high in the estimation
of all among whom he had lived. His life was an open book, and there was not to be
found on a single page one word against his character. He was a son of George and
Achsah Bullard and his grandfather, Daniel Bullard, came from Barre, Mass., and
settled in Swanton on the west road in 1800. The Bullard family for many years were
among the leading and influential citizens of the town. Corporal Bullard was of a
nervous temperament, active and enthusiastic. His accomplishments were varied,
which made him very useful in his new life as a soldier. A good musician, and a;
fine singer.

The captain's tent was headquarters for many an evening concert with Corporal
Bullard as leader. The popular army songs of the day, patriotic and sentimental rang
out over the camp to the delight and pleasure of the boys of Company K and many
others, that were attracted by sentiment and soul-stirring strains of music. Captain
Blake, Lieutenant Brown, Corporal Bullard all had fine voices, and the parts each
sang harmonized and blended in delightful melody; the best trio in the regiment. In
my ears still ring the songs they sang, though 45 years have passed, nor can, or
would I forget the memories of home and loved ones awakened as we stood around
and listened to the words and music sang.

Corporal Bullard devoted a part of his spare time as Captain Blake's clerk, and
did much of the necessary writing of the company, daily reports, muster rolls, quarterly
returns, ordinance stores, etc., etc., in addition to his regular duties. He was detailed
by Colonel Randall as regimental bugler, which position he filled with credit until
mustered out. This position was one of responsibility, especially on regimental and
brigade drills, on the march and in battle, must always be near the Colonel to receive
orders and repeat them on the bugle. Corporal Bullard was a true and faithful
soldier, arid as brave as any. He was mustered out with the regiment July 21, 1863,
and returned to his home, and for a while followed the occupation of a farmer. He
soon, however, after the war moved to Essex Junction and went into the manufacturing
and mercantile business. Subsequently on account of his father's age returned to
the old home, and there remained until his father and mother were laid to rest. He
remained on the old farm a few years more, and then, believing it would be better
for himself and family, some fifteen years ago moved to Buffalo, N. Y., and engaged
in the manufacture and sale of mattresses and spring beds in which he has been
quite successful.

He married Hattie Jennison, sister of Henry G. Jennison, of Company K. Cor-
poral Bullard and wife are surrounded by a beautiful and most delightful family of
children, one son and five girls, Will, Mabel, Fanny, Sadie, Bessie and Katie, and
also grandchildren, more or less. He is at this date, January, 1906, still in business
at Buffalo. If you would like to see Corporal Bullard as he was when a soldier, and

7'0 The Thirtccntli Regiment Vcnnont Volunteers

as he is now turn to page 405 of this book. Consult roster. You will, I think, be
convinced that Company K, though at the foot of the alphabet In line and rank, was
at the head in many things.

The writer spent many days in camp with Corporal BuUard in the games of
chess and checkers. I thought myself pretty good, but was no match for him. There
were many, who like myself, thought they were skillful at the game of drafts, but
could not stand before Corporal Bullard's single corner opening game. The corporal
was easily the champion at chess and stood at the head of the list In checkers when
we broke camp and started for Gettysburg. Since the writing of this sketch Comrade
Bullard has passed on to his reward. His old comrades sincerely regret his death and
deplore the loss and deeply sympathize with the widow and fatherless in their bereave-
ment. He was a good and noble man and a brave and loyal soldier. He died in 1906,
and is buried in Buffalo, N. Y.

CORPORAL HIRAM S. SMITH

was made sixth corporal when Company K was organized. He had seen three months'
service in Company A, First Vermont "Volunteers, having volunteered in April, 1861,
under the first call for soldiers. His enrollment into Company K, Thirteenth Vermont
Volunteers, was August 25th, 1862, his age at this time was 28 years, five feet, nine
inches high, blue eyes and dark hair and complexion. Birthplace, Highgate and a
single man. He was a lean, wiry, active person, and would not weigh over 135 pounds,
vigorous and healthy, of sturdy stock, a genuine Yankee horny handed farmer boy.
Was full of fun and mischief all the time, but a good soldier and attended to duty.
He feared no one, yet was respectful to his superior officers and kind and cordial
to his associate comrades. He was on hand for any kind of a scrap day or night,
in or out of camp. The restraints of civil life and moral codes in government were
thrown aside as soon as he left his native state. He was alert, and on the lookout
for something to turn up, that might command his attention. The bend of his mind
was to play some kind of a trick (and he was not particular what) on any one al(
every opportunity. Not to be mean, but for the fun of it. His brain was fertile soil
for the growth of plans to acquire whatever the caprice of thought might give him.
That kind of pilfering that was winked at and tolerated when on the picket line among
the so called Unionists, which was a misnomer. He was a successful forager, and in
his tent could be found edibles, not on the regular list. If he wanted anything, and
it was within ten miles of camp, he would ferret it out and appropriate what he
wanted, justifying his conduct by saying they were rebels and he was working for
the United States Government and had a right to appropriate a little milk and honey,
bacon and meal, sweet potatoes, butter, ham and eggs, etc., chickens had to roost
high to avoid his outstretched hand. It was rumored on several occasions that the
regimental sutler had lost cheese, butter and canned goods, etc., but no one outside
of Company K suspected Corporal Smith, and no one cared much if the sutler did
lose, tor he charged the boys enormous prices for what he sold.

As an expert and successful forager. Corporal Smith had no equal in the regiment,
and Company K was at the head of the list in this, as the boys called it, innocent and
permissive diversion. Though I have drawn you a true picture of army life, only
now and then one took part in such amusements. But this is not all, for there is
another side of this soldier's army life in all those qualities essential In a soldier,
especially in times of danger and battle. Corporal Smith excelled. His attention to
duty and determination to do everything that was really required on the march and
in battle illustrated his real purpose of volunteering. The sound of the long roll
found him up and ready, active and zealous, and promptly in his position. It can
he said of him (and my comrades of Company K know as well as I) that none ex-
hibited better and more valiant conduct on the long and weary march from Virginia
to Gettysburg, and on that bloody field than Corporal Smith.

He was mustered out with the regiment July 21st, 1863, and returned home and
resumed the occupation of a farmer. He married soon after his return from the
army and continued in the occupation of farming until his death, December 2, 1900.
He left a widow and two children, who still survive him. He died respected by all
who knew him. His family sincerely mourn his loss. In Riverside cemetery at
Swanton village stands a modest headstone that marks his grave. A brief sketch
and picture of him will be found on page .... of this book. See roster.

CORPORAL MELVIN B. COREY

was from Grand Isle, in the county of Grand Isle. He was the only drafted man that
served in Company K, and so far as I know, in the Thirteenth Vermont Regiment. At
the time of his enrollment and his assignment to Company K, he was 32 years old,
and a married man. Born in the state of New York and there was educated, but
as a young man moved to Grand Isle County and counted on the town of Grand' Isle.
On the organization of Company K was made seventh corporal, and held the position

Biographical and Historical of Company K. yii

during our term of service. He was on detached duty in the Provost Marshal's de-
partment a considerable of the time, but returned to the regiment the first of June
and remained with it through the Gettysburg campaign and battle, and was mustered
out July 21st, 1863. Was born in the state of New York in 1830, and by occupation
a farmer; was a man of more than ordinary ability and of good character. Was in
every respect a good and faithful soldier. He said to the writer that he could have
had a substitute, and his wife and her people were anxious to have him procure a
substitute, and offered to furnish the money, but he would not consent. He said he
was drafted and the Government needed men and a drafted man could do as good
service as any. He said to me after Pickett's charge at Gettysburg, "What think you
now about a drafted soldier?" I replied, "In your case there is no difference." He
was a man of a few words, made the best of the situation and cheerfully submitted to
the work at hand. No brag or bluster in his make-up, and evidently believed that
deeds and faithfulness spoke far better the worth and value of the soldier. He
was drafted in August, and assigned to duty in Company K September 11th, 1862,
and therefore, the time for which he was drafted, nine months, had expired before the
battle of Gettysburg, and yet he said on the march to Gettysburg that he "would not
now leave if given permission, for I am convinced we shall all be needed before this
campaign is over." He seemed anxious to satisfy the boys that his devotion and
sense of duty was as loyal, keen and abiding as any, though a drafted man.

There is ro doubt but what Corporal Corey felt just a little mortified, because
the only drafted man in his company, but he should not have had such a feeling,
for he could not be charged with being a hired substitute or in any manner influenced
by offers of bounty. He returned home to Grand Isle, resumed the occupation of
farming where he lived for many years, and was honored by his townsmen until
his death June 14th, 1901. Corporal Corey's son, W. E. Corey, of Los Angeles, Cal.,
writes me that his father was one of those "dauntless pioneers that crossed the
plains to California in the great gold excitement of 1849 and remained five years."
He was among the first over the Rockies to the golden state.

His wife, Caroline Corbett Corey, died March 24th, 1901, and both are buried
In the country cemetery at Grand Isle, Vt., where they lived and died. He left four
children, one son and three daughters, William E. Corey, in Los Angeles, California;
Leona Corey Parks. Grand Isle, Vt.; Flora Corey Stanton, Lake Placid, N. Y.; and
Marion Corey, Burlington, Vt.

CORPORAL WILLIAM P. OLMSTEAD

volunteered from the town of Franklin and from that part where his friend Lieu-
tenant Marsh lived, so was of the same clan and likely this accounts for his being
officialy recognized and honored with the position of eighth corporal. My first in-
troduction and acquaintance with him was at Highgate, September 11th, when Com-
pany K elected officers. At this time he was a beardless, fresh looking chap, just
approaching into manhood, well and tidily dressed and rather of a spruce looking
farmer (such was his occupation). He was of a good family and the reputation he
brought with him was evidence that he had been carefully brought up. His age
was eighteen years, and was five feet, eight Inches high. He was a well proportioned
and well built young fellow, light hair and complexion, dark brown eyes and was
good looking and quite prepossessing. He did not strike me as being the son of a
homy handed farmer, but such I was told was the fact. Like most boys of that
important age, 18, took pride in being nicely dressed on all occasions. His general
appearance hardly warranted the exposure and deprivation incident to army life.
He however endured the new life fairly well during the fall and winter, until we
arrived at Wolf Run Shoals about January 21st, 1863. The unusual winter of Virginia,
the long marches from Camp Vermont to Union Mills in mud, rain and snow, camping
without tents, back again to Camp Vermont in a snow storm and in a few days to
Fairfax Court House, picket duty out to Centreville beyond Chantilla and along Bull
Run and brigade drill here most every day and then to Wolf Run Shoals where we
experienced in February and March the worst possible weather conditions for camping
and picket duty. All this was too much for Comrade Olmstead's constitution, and
not having the best of accommodations in our regimental hospital, and also being
crowded in February and March he was sent the last of March to a general hospital
at Alexandria.

About the first of June he requested Captain Blake to reduce him to the ranks,
which of course was done. He was mustered out with the regiment and returned
to his home and again took up for a brief season the life on a farm. It was not
just what he wanted to do, and he went to St. Albans as a merchant's clerk, and filled
this position very acceptably, and in course of a few years engaged in the mercantile
business in St. Albans for quite a number of years, finally sold out and went West
and settled in Anthony, Kansas, where he is supposed to be at this date, January, 1906. \'^
But little has been he^rd from Comrade Olmstead since he left Vermont, and hence' "
his success in life or misfortunes I am not able to state. As historian I wrote him; '

712 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

but never received any reply. He married a very estimable lady from his native
town, the daughter of Judge John K. Whitney, sister of Adjutant Whitney of the
Thirteenth Regiment. I regret very much not having heard from Corporal Olmstead,
and therefore being deprived of furnishing infoimation concerning his life in the great
West.

EDWARD L. HIBBARD

was born in Canada, in 1832, but his parents moved early to Franklin, where he was
educated and at the date of enlistment was engaged in mercantile business and a
married man. Edward L. Hibbard, of Franklin, and Cornelius T. Frink, of Highgate,
tor some good reason I suppose, were appointed ninth and tenth corporals on the
organization of Company K. The appointments were first class, and were appreciated,
but when we were mustered into the United States service at Brattleboro, October
10th, were informed that eight corporals was a full complement for a company.
While Hibbard and Frink were not decorated with the blue chevron on the sleeve,
the boys dubbed them as supernumerary corporals, which they did not relish, but
of course took it good naturedly or if not would have been hectored the more. But
both of these worthy comrades were in due season honored according to their
merits, and of them something will be said elsewhere. I mention the above historical
fact to substantiate a statement made that Company K, though at the foot of the
list was at the head in many things. No company marched into Camp Lincoln, Brat-
tleboro, Vt., with so large a corps of non-commissioned officers as Company K, and
there were others equally deserving and more ambitious too, possibly.

JOHN W. BROUGH

We next arrive to Company K's musicians, the boys that blew the fife and
rattled the drum. John W. Brough, flfer, volunteered from the town of Swanton
August 25th, 1862, at the age of 19 years, only five feet, six inches tall, but quite
stocky and vigorous, light hair and complexion fair, blue eyes. He was born in 1840
in the town of Morristown, Vermont, and by occupation a wheelwright. At the
date of his enlistment was learning the wheelwright's trade, and at work for Chester
Lawrence, a local wagon builder and quite a musician, and young Brough under the
instructions of Mr. Lawrence had acquired some knowledge of music, and could read
and sound the gamut of musical notes quite readily, and also could play the fiddle,
fife, ilute and drum, and this being known to Captain Blake, was appointed fifer
from the company. John was an industrious and determined fellow, and his efforts
on the ffe were soon rewarded with an appointment as a part of the regimental
drum corps. Company K, especially Brough's tentmates, and those next to him have
not forgotten the incessant strains of fife (not music) night and day for a number
of weeks.

John soon was able to play some of the marches and flnallj' became one of the
best titers in the corps. He was faithful and on duty from first to last. Was with the
regiment in all its marches, and at Gettysburg courageously performed his duty of
assisting the wounded from the field to the hospital and places of safety to be
attended to by the surgeons. John was a great hand to visit the houses near by our
camp, to see the people, but never made only a single visit to a house that did not
contain some fair and blushing damsel, and his diary kept by him gives names and
ages of fair maidens near by every camp we had. His musical talents were a passport
into the cabins and mansions in the neighborhood of our several camps. John played the
fiddle and the colored boys and girls the banjo and bones and some of you who occa-
sionally were invited by John to go with him remember still the stamp of feet and clap
of hands and animated dance; all were delighted. It was fun to see and hear the
colored boys and girls as their bodies from head to foot kept time to the music.

John returned home soon after the war and engaged at his trade with E. N.
Sunderland for a number of years, and then engaged as a pattern maker for the St
Albans Foundry Co., and remained in their employ about 27 years. He is now follow-
ing the calling of a traveling optician, fitting and selling eye glasses, and it is said
is successful, and doing a lucrative business. He bought a modest little home, ten
acres of land and buildings, located near Prospect Hill just outside of the city
limits of St. Albans City. He has been married for many years and has lived
a happy life. I see him quite often in Swanton and St. Albans, and
other towns of the county. He looks yet quite young and bids fair to live as long
as his father who died at the age of 89 years. You will see how he looks now by
turning to page .... See roster.

LEWIS G. LABOUNTY

volunteered from Swanton August 25th, 1862, was only 17 years old, five feet high,
light complexion, dark hair and eyes. He was very slight in build and looked too
young even for a drummer boy. He was anxious to go and Doctor Stevens said he

Biographical and Historical of Company K. 713

would pass him lor a drummer, and to this position he was appointed. He suc-
ceeded in making a noise on the drum, but It was a long time before he was able to
do much more than beat the time with his drum stick. His first attempts at playing
the long roll was amusing to see, and dreadful to hear, but Thad. Whipple, the boss
drummer of the regiment said "for raw material he was first class, he never saw any
more raw," but he succeeded in course of time in making a very creditable drummer
out of LaBounty. He was a good, honest boy and tried to do his duty.

Lewis's father died in Canada when he was about twelve, and his mother being
very poor with five children, thought best to move, and did move, to Highgate, Vt.
Lewis, the oldest, at the age of twelve, found a place with Horace Saxe, a good man
with whom he lived doing chores and going to school in winter and work on the
farm the rest of the year for his board and clothing until he enlisted. After his
discharge he returned to Mr. Saxe and lived with him for many years. He married
and has followed the occupation of farming, living in Franklin County all the time.
He applied for a pension on account of injury received at Fairfax court House, Decem-
ber 28, 1862, when General J. E. B. Stuart made an attack on our brigade in the dead
of night. Drummer LaBounty staid near the cannon when shells were being fired
into the approaching charging columns of Stuart's cavalry. His ear drum was Injured
but continued with the sticks until he could beat the long roll as well as the best
of them. He was brave on the battlefield and kindly assisted with hands and
stretcher many a wounded soldier to the hospital for surgical attendance. A pension
was granted him with quite a sum of back pay with which he bought a small farm
and was happy. His connubial life was blessed with seven children, two boys and
five girls, all of which have been well brought up and given a fair education. He
has through life been industrious, frugal, faithful and reliable. His word as good as
his bond, and has ever sustained a good reputation among his neighbors and friends.

In 1905 he sold his small farm in Franklin and bought a larger one in Fletcher,
Vt., near Fletcher Station. I see him occasionally, and he is glad to see and hear
about the old boys in Company K. I had quite a nice visit with him this 15th day
of February, 1906. He is 63 years old, and looks old and gray, but says he is quite
rugged and able to do a pretty fair day's work yet. He is very deaf and it is difficult
to talk with him. He sold his Fletcher farm and recently, 1909, bought a small farm
In Randolph, Vt., where he now resides. I saw him October, last, and he was well
and happy. See picture on page 419.

GEORGE L. BARNEY

volunteered from Swanton, August 25th, 1862. He was born in Swanton in 1840, and
was a descendant of a family of that name who settled in Swanton in 1798. His
age was 20, five feet ten inches, light complexion, brown hair and blue eyes, and
by occupation a farmer, if any occupation at the time. He was good natured, full
of life and in for a good time. He seemed to enjoy soldier's life, except marching,
picket and guard duty, building forts and fighting, and the captain hoping to
please him had him detailed as teamster. This duty pleased him better, for now
he could ride a mule and be where there was generally plenty of rations. After
this the boys called him Dr. Barney, for he was an M. D. (mule driver.) He returned
to Vermont and was discharged with the regiment July 21st, 1863, and resumed work
among the farmers in his native town for a while, and then became a railroad man,
and this occupation he followed many years and was promoted to the position of
passenger conductor on the Central Vermont Railroad, and was a popular and

obliging conductor. He was taken sick and died at and Is

buried at

MARCUS A. BEST

volunteered from his native town, Highgate, August 25th, 1862, at the age of 21 years,
five feet, six inches high, dark hair and blue eyes and light complexion, a farmer by
occupation. He was not rugged in build or general appearance. His life had been for
a number of years spent in the little village of Highgate, and had the advantages
of a common school education, and the surroundings of a Christian home and the
blessings of kind and indulgent parents and loving brothers and sisters. The moral
training of home and the influences of society in which he mingled made him highly
thought of among his friends and associates. He was indeed a very exemplary young
man. He was of few words and reserved disposition. He was kind and friendly, but
cultivated Intimate friendship with but few. Was from the first imbued with the
grand and noble purpose that prompted him to volunteer when his country was assailed
by foes within and the intrigues of ambitious nations without. He brought to this
new life a conscientious devotion that found him ever ready and willing to respond
to duty without one word of criticism. There were no loosening of moral obligations
and decorum with him because a soldier. He realized fully his obligations to thei
Government of the country that gave him birth and had freely laid down his young

714 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

life on the altar of his country when he volunteered and said "Here am I, do with
me as you please, my devotion is true, my life is freely offered."

Company K could point to but few like him. It was my good fortune to have
been for a time a tentmate of Comrade Best, and therefore likely there were none
who knew him so intimately and appreciated so deeply his noble qualities as myself.
The severity of that Virginia winter of 1862-3, the hard marches, lying on
the cold, wet ground often without tents, the malarial atmosphere of the low, fiat
grounds along the Potomac and Occoquan undermined his rather delicate constitu-
tion, and he was quite suddenly prostrated with fever while at Camp Occoquan in
May, 1863. He remained in our tent and was attended there by Drs. Nichols and
Crandall, our surgeons, and I was his nurse, and a very attentive and anxious one
too. He was sick a number of weeks and when sufficiently recovered was sent on
the 2nd day of June to the general hospital at Alexandria, Va., where he remained
until brought with others by Dr. Nichols and joined us at Baltimore, Md., on our way
home to be mustered out. He returned home, but never fully recovered from the
effects of the fever that came so near numbering him among those of Company K
who died in the service.

As soon as he was able returned to the occupation of farmer for quite a number
of years, married, settled down in his native town happy and contented. After a
while he engaged in the mercantile business, which he followed for some fifteen
years with reasonable success. He then in 1888 moved to Reading, Vt., bought a
farm and resumed the old occupation and lived there until his death November 26th,
1896. He was three times married, left a widow and three children surviving him.
You will find a picture of Comrade Best on page 406, and a meritorious sketch of him
by the pen of Lieutenant Brown of Company K. by reference to roster.

PETEE BOVAT

volunteered from the town of Highgate August 25th, 1862 at the age of 23 years. He
was born in Canada in 1839, but had been brought up in Vermont, and was what is some-
times called a Yankee Frenchman. Was a short, rugged and vigorous young man and
married. He was a very good soldier and performed well all duties assigned him. I have no
doubt that had he lived would have returned home with a good record. Comrade Bovat
was the first of Company K to die. We called the cause of his death congestion of the
lungs, but no doubt it was pneumonia. His death was quite sudden, and he died in
camp at Wolf Run Shoals February 20th, 1863. His remains were sent home by
voluntary subscription from his company, and was buried in his adopted town, and
a marble slab now marks the place where lays the remains of one as devoted audi
patriotic as any of his comrades. His death saddened our hearts for we knew he
left behind a loving wife and parents that needed his care and would deeply mourn
his loss.

JOHN B. BROWN

was a volunteer from the town of Alburg, and joined Company K at Highgate July
11th, 1862, the day of election of company officers. This was my first acquaintance
with him, he was quite an old man, being at this time 34 years of age and born in
Canada in 1828, one of the shortest recruits in Company K, only a trifle taller than
Drummer LaBounty. I am not able to recall to mind much concerning this comrade.
He was on detached duty considerable of the time, and did not mingle much with
the company. He was mustered out with the regiment and returned to Alburg and
resumed his former occupation, (a farmer). The last we heard of him and only a
few Tp^irs pp-o he was living' in the state of Massachusetts. I think he v.-rote Comrade
Lieutenant Cooper, asking his assistance to secure a pension.

BAILEY B. BRONSON

was a volunteer from the town of Alburgh August 25th, 1862, and came to Company
K September 11th, 1862. and took an active interest in the election of company
officers. He was at this time 28 years of age and a married man, and left behind a
devoted wife and mother of his then only child, a beautiful young daughter of four
summers. He married a sister of our esteemed comrade Henry B. Meigs, of Company
K. He was tall and straight as an arrow, brown hair, dark complexion and blue
eyes. Was a native of North Hero, Vt., born in 1834, and by occupation a carpenter
and joiner as well as farmer. He was an independent fellow and inclined to be
outspoken in his views. No matter who or how many present, friend or toe, he
freely gave his opinions on every question under consideration. He performed well
his duty, but never took any particular interest in the formation of intimate friend-
ships. Was rather distant, but always courteous and respectful. He had sufficient
courage to meet manfully any condition that might arise.

Biographical and Historical of Company K. 715

Comrade Bronson was the first man detailed from Company K for duty, that of
worlt on the barracks in process of construction at Brattleboro, Vt., when we arrived
there September 29th. Bronson, because a good mechanic, was detailed on the 30th,
took charge of a squad that worked on the barracks. He was detailed as one of the
company cooks to draw and prepare rations for the company. He was mustered out
with the regiment and returned home. After his discharge he was for a number of
years manager of a lime kiln at Highgate Springs. He built a dwelling house in
Swanton village and moved into it in 1871, continued his occupation as builder for
a number of years, and then becoming dissatisfied, went West, and has lived in
many of the states, including the Alaska territory. He returned to Vermont in
January, 1905, and for a season lived with his only son in St. Albans, Vt. At this
date, December, 1909, he U still living in St. Albans City. A brief sketch of him will be
found on page .... see roster prepared by his brother-in-law, Henry B. Meigs, also
a picture of him will be found in the same cut with Henry Robey, both being cooks
of Company K at that time. See page 415.

HOMER BURNELL AND CHARLES BURNELL

Charles Eurnell and Homer Burnell were brothers and volunteered from the town
of Swanton, August 25th, 1862. Homer aged 19 and Charles 18. They were about the
same in looks and general appearance, were fresh from the farm and knew but little
about the ways of the world or what would be expected of them as soldiers. Both
were born in Swanton, Vt., Homer in 1843 and Charles in 1844. They were from a
good family, living in the eastern part of the town, had attended district school,
but their education was quite limited. They were so far as I could judge nice young
fellows, anxious to know and do their duty, in fact were green country boys, and
knew no more about handling a gun or military life than a child, but such were most
of Company K, and yet out of just such raw material were made the very best of
brave and useful soldiers that rendered invaluable service.

Neither of these were rugged boys, nor were they able to stand the hardships
of army life. They were not adapted to it, nor had they the constitutions equal to the
necessary exposure of active warfare. Charles was born in Swanton, Vt., April 28,
1844. Homer was injured and was discharged February 25th, 1863, Charles was
sent to Brattleboro, Vt., to the hospital, and was discharged at Burlington, Vt., January
31st, 1863 on account of disability, and returned home to Swanton and later married
Hattie Decker of Swanton, born in Swanton in 1844. The fruit of this marriage
was a daughter, Sadie Viola, born in Kingsbury, Whiteside County, 111., February
20, 1867; married and resides in Minneapolis, Minn. Second wife born in the state
of New York, January 3rd, 1854, Frances J. Pearl. The fruit of this marriage, Cora
Myrtle, born in Bristol, Dak., March 13, 1884; Edith Born in Bristol, Dak., May 31,
1886. Occupation, farmer, photographer and carpenter.

They were both well-behaved, did the best they could. Homer died soon after
the war and was buried in his native town. Charles is now living at South Pomfret,
Vt., January, 1909, living alone on a farm, children grown up, and his wives all dead.
Charles has lived the most of the time since 1866 in the West, Illinois, Minnesota
and Dakota, but finally returned to Vermont a few years since and settled down to
the happy life of a farmer. On page 410 you will see Charles Burnell as a soldier
and as he looks to-day.

JAMES N. BURN.

was a Highgate boy and enlisted from that town August 25th, 1862 and joined Company
K on the day of its organization, September 11th, 1863. James was 28 years old, but
did not look or appear one day older than 20, only for the red, grizzly mustache that
covered his upper lip. He was a happy and jovial, good natured fellow, and was in
for fun and a good time whether on the march, in camp, picket duty or elsewhere.

He was born in Highgate, and was a farmer working out by the month among
his neighbors when he volunteered. His early surroundings were quite unfortunate,
and he grew up without the advantage of a common school education. He was a first
class soldier, and' was on hand and full of fight at Gettysburg. I know of course
that he tented part of the time with Hi Smith and learned some of his ways of finding
things when hungry and dry. James was sent to Vermont on account of sickness
and might have been discharged had he asked for it, but he returned to the regiment
in March all right, and took his place and did good and valuable service until the
end and came home with the regiment, and was mustered out July 21st, 1863.

Since his discharge he has lived in his native town all of the time, was never
married but for many years has lived alone, kept a shop, repairs wagons, sleighs and
such work. He is respected by all, is a happy old batchelor and his many friends will
some day miss him when his little home and shop are forever closed. A brief sketch
will be found on page . . . (see roster) written up by his life long friend. Comrade
Meigs, also a picture with others of his comrades in the same cut. Page 419.

7i6 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

WILLIAM BURGESS

volunteered from the town of Franklin and joined Company K September llth, 1862
at Highgate the date of the organization of our company. His age at this time was
20 years years, a single man, born in England, was a stranger to nearly all, and I think
an orphan with no relatives in this country. Was only five feet five inches tall,
stoutly built, complexion fair and a young man that appeared and looked well, a
farmer by occupation. He was a faithful soldier and won the admiration of his
associates. Some time in February, 1863, was taken sick in camp at Wolf Run
Shoals, and was moved to the regimental hospital where he died March 24th, of
typhoid fever. He was buried at camp Wolf Run Shoals, nearby our camp on the
brow of a hill in a small pine grove. The place was selected by himself. He was
buried with military honors, and there we sorrowfully left him. He had no home
or relatives, and we could do no different than bury him there agreeable to his
request. Nothing marks his resting place. He was the only one of Company K that
was not returned to Vermont for burial, that died while in the service. No comrade
has ever sought or found his grave. The voices of the clouds and the sighs of the
wind are the only requiems sang over the grave of our comrade, but he is not forgotten.
As historian of our regiment and in behalf of Company K, I dedicate to his
memory the grateful appreciation of loving comrades, and here record this inscription,
namely, William Burgess born in England in 1842, volunteered into Company K,
Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers, August, 1862, in the war of 1861-1865.
Died and buried at Camp Wolf Run Shoals, Va., March 24th, 1863. His grave is
unknown, but his memory is implanted in the hearts of his comrades in arms.

CHARLES A. BARR

volunteered from the town of Swanton August 2.5th, 1862. His age was 26, and a
married man, and his birthplace, Highgate, and occupation carpenter and joiner.
Complexion dark, eyes blue and hair brown, five feet, seven inches tall, a solid, well
built man, capable of much endurance, apparently well fitted for the life of a soldier.
His father, Conrad Barr, and mother, Sallie Carman, were both born In Highgate
in 1804 and 1807, respectively and their children were thirteen, of which Charles was
number six. ard born in 1836, June 4th. The Barr family were quite conspicuous
as well as numerous in Highgate, and many of that family still reside in Franklin
County. The father, Conrad, died at the age of 83, May 2nd, 1887. The mother,
Sallie, died May 10th, 1897, aged 90 years.

Charles A. Barr descended from a hardy race of people, and inherited some of the
peculiarities and military spirit of his father. While Charles was ready for duty
when called, he soon tired of the monotony of the duty round camp and longed for a
change. While at Fairfax Court House he was assigned to duty at General Stoughton's
headquarters, and with others was gobbled up when Mosby and his followers quietly
rode in and stealthily carried away General Stoughton, March 9th, 1863. Comrade
Barr was given a horseback ride toward Richmond hy the way of Manassas Gap
or Chester Gap or some other gap in the Blue Ridge for about 24 hours and faster
than he enjoyed, and on a raw-boned, sharp back shack of a small mule without a
saddle or blanket and a swim through the swift running stream of Cub Run. Charles
managed on the way to escape or be paroled and returned to camp in the course of
three or four days. He was a bad fellow to keep as a prisoner, required too much
watching, he told us of his rough ride toward Richmond, a thrilling experience going
and his hard march back to camp. He claimed that Mosby as soon as at a sate
distance from our cavalry videttes and within their own lines, that they, Frank Felt,
of Company K and others, were given the privilege of swearing not to take further
part until exchanged (paroled it was called) and this alternative was preferable to
bare back mule ride further, so accepted and started back toward camp. We had
to accept their Avord for this parole business, no papers as evidence and none of
our officers cared to look up Mosby and find out about it. Thei-e were some in our
brigade that felt quite friendly toward Mosby for what he had done, believing General
Stoughton's place could be filled without injury to the morale of the brigade and to
the satisfaction of officers and privates alike. It was bad for Stoughton, but he
was careless, being on an outpost where the enemy were on the alert night and day.
It is my recollection that Comrade Barr claimed to have been paroled and therefore
refused to do duty until he was exchanged. He remained in camp a while and then
went to the parole camp near Alexandria, Va., where he remained until our term of
service expired. He returned with others from Alexandria and Washington and
joined the regiment at Baltimore on our return home from Gettysburg. He was mus-
tered o"t with the regiment July 21st, 1863, and returned to his home in Swanton
and Highgate.

Soon after the war he moved West and remained until he died. His brother
Myron Barr, of Highgate, claims that he died in the West, but when and where ia

Biographical and Historical of Company K. 717

not able to say. Had not heard from him for a good many years, or any of his
family, if he left any. A picture of him will be found on page 412 of this book. The
historian has taken much pains to ascertain more definitely concerning Comrade
Barr, but without avail.

HENRY BUTLER

volunteered and joined Company K at Highgate September 11th, 1862, and was from
the town of Alburgh. His looks and appearance good, dark hair and light complexion,
not a very rugged looking person, his age at the time of enlistment was 20. Had
been brought up on a farm and accustomed to work and exposure. He was born in
1842, in Alburg, Vt., a farmer and educated in the common schools of Vermont. I
recall him as cheerful and full of fun and ready to take a hand in most any innocent
diversion proposed, provided his tentmate, George Mott, would join. He was no shirk
or coward and manfully stood by at the critical time when only the brave were able
to do full duty. Your attention is called to page 412 for pictures of Comrade Butler
and a biographical sketch at this date, January, 1906, he is living at Buena Vista,
Colo. See roster.

CLARK H. BUTTERFIELD

volunteered from Swanton, Vt., August 25th, 1862, at the age of 21. Was born in
Swanton and his education was in the district schools of the town where he lived
while a boy in the eastern part. He was five feet, eight inches tall, blue eyes, dark
brown hair, and fair complexion. Was straight, active and well proportioned, a
fine looking and appearing young man. He could boast of direct descent from Thomas
Butterfield, his great grandfather, who was first town clerk of Swanton. Clark H.
when first enrolled as a member of Company K, was learning the trade of carpenter
and joiner, and had worked at it for a year or two and before this had
worked on the farm at home. He was a first class soldier and on
hand and ready always. On the March to Union Mills in the night of November
25th in the fast falling rain and deep Virginia mud, and so dark you could not see
your hand before you, late in the night, Clark in attempting to jump across a ditch,
fell and severely strained himself, which immediately developed into hernia. He was
after this assigned to light duty and no long marches. He remained with the company
though much of the time unfit for duty, though under Surgeon Nichols' careful at-
tention gradually improved, and well enough so he started with the regiment June
25th from Camp Occoquan on the long march to Gettysburg. Though he was told he
would not be able to endure the march which would likely be hard and long, he said he
was going to try it anyway; was advised to go to Alexandria to the hospital. He de-
cided to remain with the company and go with it on the march. He stood the march
all right the first day, but after that obtained permission to ride occasionally in the
baggage wagon or ambulance, and so marching and riding reached Gettysburg with
his company as good as when he started, and was happy to be with the boys at what
was to all appearances the end of the march, for on our arrival at Gettysburg, July
1st, 1863, the fight was on and had been raging for hours.

On the afternoon of July 3rd, General Hancock was wounded near Company K,
so near many of our company saw him taken from his horse after being shot. Orderly
Sergeant S. S. Morey, of Company K, who had been promoted and was then on duty
as second lieutenant of Company E, was within a few feet of General Hancock when
he was shot, and assisted in taking him from his horse, and as soon as it was dis-
covered that he was bleeding, ran to Company K and called as he came, "Butterfield,
give me your turniquette," knowing that Butterfield had one and returning with it
on the run and it was applied, hoping to stop the flow of blood, but the wound was
so near the body it was of little avail, and other means were adopted. Comrade
Butterfield often relates this incident of personal experience with zest and pride,
happy in the thought that the turniquette he had carried so long was finally made
use of to check the flow of blood of the gunshot wound to save the life of as devoted
and brave an officer as ever fought a battle. Comrade Butterfield on our return to
position across the open field after General Pickett's charge was near the exploding
shell that killed Corporal William Church of our Company. One hand was filled
with burnt powder, and he nearly thrown to the ground by the concussion. The
fraction of a second of time only prevented that shell from passing through his body,
and yet he was not afraid to stay on the field though his hand was bleeding and painful.

No one ever heard Clark brag what he would do if ever in a fight, but his com-
rades who were with him know full well his heroic conduct in that bloody battle.
He returned home and resumed his occupation and for many years run a shop in
Swanton village, manufacturing sash, doors and blinds, and preparation of material
for house building and finishing. For some years past he has worked some at his
trade, and is likely the best mechanic in this vicinity. He married about 1867 and
this union was blessed with four children. Grace, who married Charles White; Walter
C., who is engaged in the manufacturing of the famous Atwood Suspender; Lee C,

7i8 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

who is cashier in a railroad office at Jersey City; and Pearl, the youngest, a successful
teacher in the high schools of Swanton. Comrade Butterfleld holds his age well, and
still looks young. Is a pensioner on account of hernia contracted in line of duty.
He now resides in Swanton comparatively well and happy. You may see how he
looks by turning to page 413.

ALPHONZO CHAMBERLIN

was a volunteer from the town of Franklin and was enrolled from that town and at
Highgate, September 11th at the organization of the company. His age at this time,
1862, was 20 years, five feet tall, light complexion, blue eyes and light hair, was born
in Canada, occupation, a farmer. He appeared very young, and I doubt if he was as
old as he called himself. He did not look as if he would be able to stand soldier life,
but the doctor said he would do, and he seemed very anxious to go, and so far as I
saw him, cheerfully did his duty and did it well. He was quite bashful and reserved
and therefore I became only slightly acquainted with him, and do not recall at this
time but very little about him while serving with us in Company K. He returned
home, was mustered out with the company and in course of a few years I lost sight
of him and have not known of him for many years, but am informed by his friends
that he is dead.

JOHN CHAPPELL

was from the town of Grand Isle where he enlisted and counted on the quota of that
town. At the date of his enlistment August 25th, 1862, he was 53 years and 10 months
old, and the oldest man in the brigade, so you can see in this unimportant particular
to the credit of Company K must be given of furnishing the oldest person, John
Chappell, and the oldest officer. Captain L. D. Clark, who was promoted as major.
Comrade Chappell was of French descent, was well preserved for one of his age.
Was a quiet, pleasant, good natured and well disposed person, attended to his own
business and had no disputes or quarrels with any one. Was quite tall and rather
slim, five feet ten inches, blue eyes, light complexion, dark hair and a little gray.
His age and other considerations generally excused him from the most arduous duties.
He was by trade and occupation a shoemaker and acted as Company K's shoemaker
considerable of the time, and therefore excused from other duties.

He was a good man and soldier, honest and true, and in the days that tried
men's souls, the march to and the battle of Gettysburg found him at his post of
duty, as brave and cool and as active as the best. He returned to Highgate after
being mustered out July 21st, 1863, and there spent the rest of his life. He was
ever a respected citizen. While it was not his to do great things, yet his life was
busy and conscientiously lived the golden rule. He died at Highgate, Vt., 18.., and
is buried in the town of Highgate.

MARTIN L. CLARK

volunteered from Highgate, Vt., August 25th, 1862, at the age of 18, as he called
himself, but in fact, was only about 16. He was born in Keeseville, N. Y., was rather
slim in build, but of fair height, five feet seven. He was a mere child In appearance
and unfit for a soldier, but Captain Clark afterwards Major Clark was his foster
father and that had much to do about his going and passing the test of medical
examinations. He was on duty most of the time at Major Clark's tent and seldom
took much interest in becoming acquainted with drill to be of service as a soldier.
He was of a feeble constitution and was on the sick list considerable of the time,
and soon aftter Major Clark's resignation Martin was discharged for disability and
returned home. We of Company K did not know very much about him. He was
transferred from Company K to A at Brattleboro and remained a member of A until
March, 1863, and was then transferred back to Company K, and in a few days after,
April 5th, was discharged on account of disability. He again enlisted November 13th]
1863 into Company F, Eleventh Regiment Vermont Volunteers, was taken prisoner
June 23rd, 1864, and died in Andersonville prison, August 31st, 1864, and was there
buried among the thousands of others who from starvation and disease died in this
horrible prison pen.

I am not aware that any headstone marks the grave where he was buried but
in the family lot at Swanton village in the Church street cemetery there is a family
monument on which an inscription is written of his service and to his memory.

WELLINGTON W. CLARK

volunteered from Highgate August 25th, 1863, at the age of 21. He was born in
Highgate in 1841. and by occupation was a farmer, and at the time of enlistment
was a single man. Was quite tall and slim, light complexion and light hair. The

Biographical and Historical of Company K. 719

severe winter with marches and sleeping on cold, damp ground with and without
tent, was too much for him, and he was obliged to go into the hospital. He was
discharged March 29th, .1863 for disability. He died soon after his return and was
buried in the cemetery at East Swanton, and a modest headstone tells his age, death
and service in the war of 1861-1865.

ORANGE A. COMSTOCK

volunteered from the town of Swanton, as I recollect it on August 20th, 1862, though
it appears on one of the first descriptive rolls of our company as August 25th, but
this evidently is wrong, for by that roll all of Company K appeared to have enlisted
on the same day, which is not true. The actual dates of their enlistment I presume
can not be ascertained with certainty, some signed the roll as early as August 20th, and
from that date to the date of the organization of the company, September 11th, and some
later, continued to enlist into Company K. Comstock was a near neighbor of Lieu-
tenant Brown, and signed the roll that he circulated. I am quite sure, for I was
present When Comstock signed the roll, that the date of his enlistment was as above
stated. I had some acquaintance with Comrade Comstock before this date. Orange
was at this time 29 years and a single man. He was an only son and had always
lived at home and could not be well spared. His father and mother were quite old
and needed him very much. His parents were patriotic and said, "You must decide,
we cannot, if you think your country calls you, and are in need, then go, and God's
blessing be with you." Orange had been thinking over the question some days, and
had come to the conclusion that he must go, and unhesitatingly signed his name to
the roll. His sisters who were present seemed proud to have a brother so ready
and willing to volunteer in the service of his country.

From the very first trial of drill at Highgate, Orange appeared very awkward
and could not keep step on the march or with music, but it was said he will learn
soon. He tried many times, even after we were mustered in at Brattleboro, but
no improvement. It was very strange, his father was a teacher in the old days of
singing schools, and his sisters were all fine musicians, but Orange could not keep
step or march to music. When he got his gun, etc., and tried the drill of the manual
of arms was equally awkward, and Captain Blake said, "No use, must find some
other place for him." He was the first permanent detail from Company K made the
day we were mustered into the United States service at Brattleboro, October 10th,
1862, and was detailed as nurse in the regimental hospital where he remained as one
of the best and most reliable that Surgeon Nichols had under his charge. He seemed
well adapted to this calling, he was kind, sympathetic and faithful, had a, cheerful
disposition and ever went through the hospital with an encouraging look and pleasant
smile. His work was more active and often times more arduous than the common
soldier in the ranks. At times many of our boys were sick and the hospital tents
were full and at such times Orange was vigilant and attentive as one could be, ever
anxious for the comfort of those in his care.

Dr. Nichols always spoke of him as his boy Faithful. Fortunate indeed, was the
poor, sick soldier that had him for a nurse. He was often sent by Surgeon Nichols
or Assistant Surgeon Crandall to the tents of the boys who were there sick with medi-
cine, and to see how they were. This work had to be done and not all were fitted
for it, but he was and did it well, and conscientiously. Orange is entitled to the same
measure of credit as those who stood on the firing line and made the charge. Orange
returned with the regiment and was mustered out July 21st, 1863. He returned home
and resumed his place in the old home and cared for the farm and his father and
mother while they lived.

Orange married soon after the war a Miss from

Two children blessed the union, Lucia Abbey, born April 19th, 1868, and Waiter Harris,
born October 6, 1869, neither of which ever married, but live on the old home farm
with their aunt Betsey Comstock, carrying it on just the same as father and grand-
father did. Orange's married life continued but a few brief and happy years. His

wife died and was buried at Swanton. Orange lived a good many

years after her and until he was quite an old man. The last years of his life he
suflEered with disease contracted in the service. He was born December 17th, 1832,
and died May 5th, 1903, and is buried at Swanton, Vt., in Riverside cemetery. Com-
rade Comstock was a member of Jesse A. Jewett Post G. A. R., located at Swanton
for 18 years and was a faithful member. He was buried with Grand Army honors.
He was ever a true friend to his comrades and had their esteem. He was of good
character, conscientious and strictly honest in all matters. His picture will be found
on page 412.

ALLEN COREY

volunteered from Franklin and joined Company K at Highgate September 11th, 1862
the day of the organization of the company. His age was 19, but looked and ap-
peared very much younger. Not a strong, vigorous young man, but enthusiastic to

720 ■ The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont J'olunteers

become a good soldier. He willingly jjerformed his every duty until early spring, 1863,
when he was taken sick and spent some time in the brigade hospital, returning to
the company about June 1st, 1863, and remained with it until discharged July 21st,
1863. He was a quiet, well-behaved and honorable young fellow. He returned home
to Franklin where he lived until he died. He won his share of honors on the battle-
field of Gettysburg.

EDGAR CURRIE

volunteered from Swanton August 25th, 1862, at the age of 18. He was horn in
Swanton in 1842, and educated in the common schools of the town. Was five feet
nine inches, but slim in build. He had done some work on the farm as a boy, hut as
yet had no particular occupation. He was a very lively, good-natured boy, and of a
very happy disposition, full of fun and innocent mischief when awake, if any oppor-
tunity presented itself. He enjoyed soldier life first class and never complained as
to the duties required of him. He seemed bound to have a good time whether in
camp or on the picket line or on the march, always .just the same, running, jumping
and a hilarious boy. He was thus happy because a soldier. Two of his older brothers
were in other Vermont regiments, and the ambition of Edgar was satisfied when he
found himself a full fledged soldier. He was sick at Camp Widow Violet in May
and sent to a hospital at Alexandria City, Va., the fore part of June. Currie was
not able and did not do further duty. He arrived with some of the others at Brattle-
boro, Vt., brought from one of the hospitals about Washington by Surgeon Nichols in
to be mustered out with the regiment, and was mustered out July 21st, 1863.

Comrade Currie returned to his home in Swanton where he remained a few
years, went to Canada where he still resides. He has for many years been in the
Customs Department of Canada and is a faithful and efficient officer. His present
address is Abercorn, P. Q. You will see on page 419 his picture in a group with
James Burns and Phil Smith.

BURTON DEAN

volunteered from Highgate about September 1st, 1862, was present at the organization
of the Highgate company, September 11th. He went with Company K to Washington
and with the regiment to Virginia, and remained until January 10th, 1863. After
quite a serious sickness at Fairfax Court House, he obtained permission to go to
Washington, D. C, to see his wife, who was boarding there at that time. It is possible
that he was sent at this time by Captain Blake, with others, on some particular duty,
just what it was I do not now recall. After arriving at Washington he had a relapse
and was sick for some time, and as soon as able to ride took the cars for Vermont
and never returned. It was perhaps better thus as a soldier; he could never have
done duty again, was totally disabled and should have been discharged before this
date, and I have no doubt if he had made application for a discharge it would have
been granted, and it would have been much better for him had he made an applica-
tion for a discharge, taken an examination and been discharged on the recommenda-
tion of the surgeon of the regiment. He still lives, but has never seen a well day
since he was a soldier. He is not now, nor has he been, able to perform manual
labor to any extent for many years. He is a feeble-minded harmless old man, though
only 69 years of age. Used up in the service and is justly entitled to a pension.
I have lived beside him for many years past, and know that he was used up in the
service before he left for home. He was given a furlough to Washington by Captain
Blake; he should have had a discharge instead.

SMITH M. DECKER

volunteered from Highgate about September 1st, 1S62, at the age of 20, and joined
Company K, September 11th, on the day of the election of officers of the Highgate
Company. He was well proportioned, strong and vigorous, and a fine looking and
appearing young man. A perfect specimen of Vermont type of volunteers that filled
the ranks of the regiments that went from the Green Mountain State into the war
of 1861-1865. Young Decker was born in Swanton and while a small boy his father
moved into the town of Highgate just across the line and only about one mile from
Swanton village, and hence his association was with Swanton boys and people. His
education before enlistment was in the district schools and academy at Swanton
Falls. He had a good character as a boy, upright, honest, open hearted and straight-
forward. In disposition he was kind and generous, habits good, neither used rum or
tobacco nor profane and vulgar language. His conduct as a soldier was worthy of Imita-
tion. He was courteous alike to officers and privates, regarding all as on an equal en-
gaged in a common cause. Was never quarrelsome, but would not submit to foolish and
unjust treatment by any. No one in Company K after becoming acquainted with
him and observing his skill in the occasional rough and tumble clinch and tussle
cared to push him into a quarrel, and no one did. He had the physical ability and

Biographical and Historical of Company K. 721

courage to take good care of himself, and therefore none who were inclined to play
the bully once in a while never molested Decker.

Young Decker left home at the age of 17 and was in Lawrence, Mass., when the
flag of his country that fluttered in the breeze over Fort Sumter was shot away
by hostile shell. The patriotic blood that flowed in his veins was pregnant with
righteous indignation against any who should so wickedly attack the country he loved
so well. He had heard from home, his father had enlisted, an uncle and cousins
and he could not resist the desire to enlist, so gave up his position, hastened home
and volunteered to serve his country. He joined Company K, because many of his
boyhood companions had already volunteered into the Highgate Company. None
ol my comrades will question my statement when I say Smith Decker was a model
young man, and stood well toward the head of the list of Company K as a brave
and gallant soldier. When I saw him on Cemetery Hill July 2nd with others of our
company carrying shell from the caisson to the crippled battery at our right whose
gunners had been mostly slain that the firing might continue, I was proud to be
associated with him and reckoned among his friends, for such courage and prowess
are rarely seen even on a battlefield. It was a critical moment, and he with others of
Company K, as you will recollect, volunteered and hastened to the assistance of that
silent battery, and how you and I cheered our comrades and that particular battery,
as the shell they carried were sent across the valley into the approaching ranks of
the foe. We felt that Company K was now serving a battery and sending our compli-
ments to those fellows that had been for hours dropping exploding shrapnel so thick
and fast among us, while we lay in that city of the dead waiting the expected charge
and rebel yell. Decker went tnrough the fight without a scratch or undue fright. His
escape illustrated that statement made by Napoleon 1st at the battle of Lodi, "That
brave men are never slain in battle."

Decker was mustered out with his regiment and returned home to Vermont with
a clean and enviable record. He, with nearly all of Company K, thought when they
enlisted, the war would be over before the expiration of our term of service. In this
all were sadly disappointed, but one thing we had to console us and be proud of, that
we took part in that greatest of battles and memorable conflict that gave the death
blow to the Confederate cause, and restored confidence in President Lincoln's admin-
istration and made certain final victory for the Union. After Decker's return home,
realizing lack of education he took a one year academic course at the old Academy
at Franklin, Vt.

The war was not yet over and Decker hastened to Lawrence, Mass., where the
position he left two years before was still open for him, but the spirit of devotion still
burned in his heart and controlled him, and again volunteered into Company K,
Sixth Massachusetts Volunteers, again went to the front and served until the close of
the war. I assume the same soldierly conduct was manifested in the Sixth Massa-
chusetts regiment as shown by him when a volunteer in the Thirteenth Vermont,
for he was promoted from private to second sergeant, which position no doubt he
filled with credit to himself and honor to his adopted State and Vermont. Though
Comrade Decker, now called Colonel Decker by reason of being elected Colonel of the
Sixth Massachusetts of M. V. M. in 1881, has lived in his adopted state since the war
and yet his heart still longs for the old home and the scenes of his childhood are
so dear that twice a year like the fiight of birds he journeys northward for recreation
and the blessed privilege of sleeping beneath the roof (once his father's modest home,
now his) when as a boy he planned and dreamed of the future and determined upon
the kind of life he would try to live.

His comrades of old Company K of the Thirteenth Vermont Volunteers are thank-
ful for his success, the reputation earned and more than all to grasp the hand of
one they love and respect. If all were like him might we believe that the millennium
was near at hand. Long may my comrade Decker live to cheer and make happy
the last days of his comrades in arms, and all that are near and dear to him. The
majority of his intimate comrades of Company K have passed beyond, and the
remainder, one by one and day by day are crossing the silent river where very soon
(too soon) those who fought the battle that saved the TJnion and made possible this
great and mighty nation will find joy, peace and eternal happiness with comrades
that have joined the immortal army now bivouacked on the elysian fields of heaven.

If the reader would like to see how Comrade Decker looked as a soldier boy and
how he now looks turn to page 418 also on page .... (See roster) will be found an
autobiographical sketch of Colonel Decker. He now resides in Lawrence, Mass.,
happy and prosperous, respected by all. The latchstring hangs out and his comrades
are his most welcome guests.

MYEON C. DORMAN

volunteered from the town of Swanton about August 25th, 1862, and joined the High-
gate Company at the date of its organization. His age at this time was 20, and a
single man, full of life, and with a strong desire to serve his country in the then

722 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

pending conflict. He was born in 1842. Young Dorman belonged to an old and
influential family of his native town, and he had been well brought up with the
advantages of a district school and academy of his native town. He was an only
son of a doting father and mother, who feared that he would not return, and yet being
patriotic and realizing the urgency and absolute necessity for soldiers to fight the
battles for the cause of freedom, the right, and preservation of the Union of States,
would not say no, and gave their consent for their only son to go into the army,
though in tears and sorrow. Young Dorman's grandfather, the Rev. Eben H. Dorman,
was the first settled pastor of the Congregational Church of Swanton, being duly
installed January 13th, 1825, and continued as such until December, 1855, and on
account of failing health was compelled to ask for a release and was dismissed with
the title of Senior Pastor. He raised up a large and influential family of sons and
daughters, one of which, Dennison Dorman, was the father of Comrade Myron C.
Dorman. The above facts are mentioned to show the moral and educationel advan-
tages that surrounded Comrade Dorman up to the date of enlistment. His home
was happy and attractive and his father well to do and a prosperous farmer. Myron's
heart was stirred with the spirit of devotion and gladly accepted the opportunity to
volunteer into the army and go with his friends.

He seemed to enjoy the outdoor and novel life of camp, drill, picket and march.
Its freedom from the restraints of civil life, the constant motion and moving from
place to place, the new scenes, the thousands of regiments of cavalry, infantry and other
branches of the service that were daily seen moving to and fro mobilizing for active
service. Washington and its immediate vicinity where our regiment spent
considerable time in October was one panorama of military activity, preparing and
equipping for strenuous war. These with the places of interest in and about Wash-
ington and on duty as soldiers made it impossible for any of us to be homesick.
Dorman enjoyed most of all the splendid specimens of horses caparisoned in gor-
geous colors and mounted by fine looking officers dressed according to the
branch of service to which they belonged, and at this time these scenes were
ever a moving and fascinating picture on every hand and of these sights Dorman
never tired. Whenever we started on a march if an empty saddle could be found
Dorman was sure to be astride of it, for he liked it better than walking in dust and
mud. Comrade Dorman remained with the regiment during its entire term of service
and was mustered out July 21st, 1863. For a considerable of the time while he was
In the service, he was detailed at headquarters and had charge of the horses of the
Peld and Staff officers, quite a responsible and important duty, for horses must be
carefully cared for at all times, otherwise they could not endure the hard usage and
exposure attending the service. He was with us on the march to Gettysburg and
manfully performed his full duty.

Since the war until a few years ago. Comrade Dorman has followed farming and
the handling of horses. One of the best and most valuable ever owned in Vermont,
Lambert, was the property of Comrade Dorman. He has lived in Swanton village
for a number of years last passed. He married Miss Alice Bullard, a younger sister
of the wife of Captain George G. Blake. They have three children, two daughters
and one son. The oldest daughter is the wife of Andrew Anderson, a local pharmacist
of renown. Bell, the younger daughter is still single from choice. The son is married,
and is on a coffee plantation in old Mexico accumulating dollars for old age. Should
you be interested to see how Comrade Dorman looks you will find his pictures on
page 410 of this book.

JOHN ELLIOTT

Joined Highgate company September 10th, 1862, and was a volunteer from that town.
He was at that time 44 years old, and had a wife and children. He was bom In
New Hampshire and by occupation a farmer. He was a man of very few words and
rather austere and distant, in fact a dignified and courteous gentleman. He took no
part in the frolics and pranks, nor foraging expedititons that a few of Company K
were proned to plan and carry out. His habits of life had been established on the
basis of doing just right, and because now a soldier could not see any reason for any
such radical changes that would give license to help yourself to things that belonged
to others, no matter though enemies of the government. So Uncle John (as we
generally called him) continued in the practice of the rule of life that had hitherto
controlled his actions. Though looking quite young and blessed with a good consti-
tution and correct habits, yet he was too old for the life we were called upon to live
The exposure, march and drill was so different than his former life it appeared hard
for him. Uncle John being old and very much respected, the younger boys would
often take his place on the picket line and help him now and then on the march and
was often favored by Orderly Sergeant Morey in the details of duty always g'ivinK
Uncle John as easy a task as possible, for all felt unless favored he could not coi^
tinue with us. Because of his regularity and care and the favors and solicitude of
his comrades he remained with the company, participated in the marches and other
duties, and because of his strong will and determination to stand by when there were

Biographical and Historical of Company K. 723

indications of deadly conflict ahead, did he nobly and manfully make the seven days'
march from Virginia to Gettysburg and then though weary and footsore and hungry,
bravely took his position in the line of battle and heroically performed his part as
well as the best of us. On the charge made on General Pickett on the last day of
the battle, and the last hour a hostile bullet passed through his leg below the knee,
and we were obliged to leave him on the field until the close of the battle. He was
taken to the hospital, cared for and recovered without the loss of his life. We left
him at Gettysburg. He soon recovered and was sent to Vermont and was discharged
and then he returned to his home and family. He lived for many years after the
close of the war and died as he had lived in the full conscientiousness of having

done his duty according to the light given him. He died at and

was buried at

FRANK E. FELT

was of the Swanton contingent and volunteered about August 25th, 1862. His age was
33 years and a married man and born in the state of Maine in 1829. His occupation
was a blacksmith and was quite a muscular, wiry, active, healthy looking young man,
having the general appearance of first class material for a soldier. As I became
acquainted with him I concluded that church and Sabbath school instruction (if he
had ever had it) did not leave sufficient impression as to control his conduct when
exposed to the temptations of soldier life. He was a good soldier and generally on
hand to do his duty. Nothing seemed to appeal to his ambition like visitations to
the nearby farmhouses, and to the cities of Washington and Alexandria to see the
sights. Hi Smith, Charlie Barr, Hardy Ladue, George Mott, and such were his boon
companions and never allowed moral ethics to stand in the way of their military
code or rule of action. It was considered quite preferable to be detailed and ag-
signed to special duty, for this duty there was no marching and less exposure, more
freedom, less arduous duties, always plenty of rations and a better chance to beg or
appropriate, or as the boys called it, make out a government requisition and draw it
yourself.

Comrade Felt being a blacksmith, was detailed in December and sent on duty to
headquarters, Fairfax Court House, and there remained until the following May, at
which time h'e was returned to his comrades. While I am not sure, it is my recollec-
tion that Felt was one of the number gobbled up by Mosby March 9th, but escaped
If he was taken I am confident that he escaped, for he like Charlie Barr, had no
controlling desire to be a prisoner on Bell Isle, or in Libby, Richmond, Va., or any
place south of Mason and Dixon's line. I do not recall him on the march to Gettys-
burg, and yet he may have been there. He was mustered out with the regiment July
21st, 1863, and returned to Swanton. Later and after the war went West, since
which time none of us in Swanton have heard of or from him. He is supposed to
be dead.

CORNELIUS T. FRINK

volunteered in the Highgate Company about August 25th, 1862, at the age of 19,
and joined said company on the date of its organization. He was" bom in TJnderhill,
Vermont in 1843, but his father moved to Highgate, Vt., when Cornelius was a mere
lad. His education was in the district schools and at Swanton Falls Academy.. This
was his second enlistment. He first volunteered into the old Green Mountain Guards in
Swanton which went out in May, 1861 as Company A, First Vermont Volunteers for
three months under President Lincoln's first call for 75,000 troops. His home was
within one and one-half miles from Swanton village, and just across the line into
the town of Highgate. His associations were with Swanton boys and people and there
attended church and academy school, so really was a Swanton boy. We were glad
to count him as one of the Swanton boys. He had been well brought up and bore a
good name, and was by education and sentiment intensely patriotic. He was tall,
straight, and made a fine looking soldier, and in fact was one of the best of Company
K's rank and file. He volunteered three times and belonged to three separate or-
ganizations. First Vermont Volunteers, three months' men; Thirteenth Vermont Vol-
unteers, Company K, and Company F of Frontier Cavalry, rendering in each faithful
service. Frink was quiet and always of good deportment, decorous to all and
attended to his own business, required nothing of others that he was not willing to
accord. Soldier life did not loosen the moral and legal obligations that he had been
taught to obey and respect. He returned home as clean and upright as when he
volunteered. After the war he married and raised up a family educated and refined.
He now resides in Brookfield, Vt. See page 460 for his pictures.

CADMUS S. GATES

volunteered from the town of Highgate where he was born in 1838 and about August
25th, 1862, at the age of 24, and was a married man at the time and by occupation a

724 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

fanner. Six feet tall in stocking feet and straight as an arrow, head up and standing
solid and square on both feet, ready for fun or business at all times. Entirely frank
and outspoken in his opinions and sometimes quite aggressive in argument, and yet
If convinced he was wrong would cheerfully admit it and acknowledge his error.
He was an only son, and his father and mother and older sisters thought much of
him and that he was all right, and what Cadmus said must be acquiesced in. This
indulgence had a tendency to make Comrade Gates a little opinionated which now and
then appeared over matters arising in our new life. Some of us felt that military
regulations were little too arbitrary for volunteers, and yet knew full well that
discipline could not be maintained without rule nor could we be properly fitted for
duty unless we submitted to the regulations.

Cadmus was more fortunate than other privates for his tentmates were Sergeants
Morey, Hallo way and .lennison. and their tent, as you well remember was the flrsit
on the right passing down Company K street. These four tented together until June
25, when Morey was promoted to second lieutenant and assigned to Company B.
Cadmus, too, came near promotion as follows. When our regiment was making prep-
aration for the march that commenced June 25th, Cadmus was looking over his ward-
robe selecting a tew things to carry and the rest to leave behind or send home, he
found he had two very good looking dress coats; Morey had only one, and that showed
wear and hard usage, and he had Just been commissioned as second lieutenant and
had no time or money either at hand to go to Washington for a uniform, so proposed
to Cadmus that he let him have one of his dress coats, and Cadmus gave him willingly
the best looking one, for he naturally wanted his friend Morey to appear as trim
and tidy as possible. Lieutenant Morey took the coat, sewed on the shoulder straps
and made a second lieutenant dress coat out of Private Gates's coat which Morey
put on and thereafter wore until mustered out. It was all right only Gates was taller
and larger than Morey and hence was not a good fit. Morey turned up the sleeves and
buckled on the waist strap quite tight, but there was no way that the misfit could be
disguised, but no help for it, no tailor in camp, nor time to send for a coat. Quarter-
master's stores had been sent away some days before. To convince you that this
story is true turn to page 242 of this book, where you will see Lieutenant Morey's
picture taken in this identical coat. Though Cad was not commissioned himself, his
coat was, and I am sure if it had been for Cad to say which should be commissioned
he or Sergeant Morey, he would have said promptly, "No, thank you, Sid is the man
and has earned it.

Comrade Gates was a whole souled, generous, good-natured fellow, but while in
camp was a little inclined to be lazy and lay in his tent and smoke that big laurel
root pipe for hours. The pipe stem was made so he could place the pipe on the
ground when in use. It was really a fine looking pipe and a good exhibition of
mechanical skill and ingenuity. The boys would say to Cadmus when he would pass
up and down the Company street smoking that pipe, "Straighten up there, better leave
that pipe in your tent, it will make you round shouldered to carry it about in your
mouth." The pipe was a present to Sergeant Morey by his admiring friend, S. A. Smith.

While we were on Cemetery Hill, July 2nd, supporting a battery, pieces of shell
fell pretty often and thick about us, and it was dangerous, though we were flat on
the ground. Comrade Gates laid flat on the ground with his legs spread wide apart,
one leg across a comrade next to him, and was asked by Henry Butler if he was
afraid and replied, "Did not want to lose only one leg at a time," that was really a
good reason, under the circumstances for spreading out in that way. I noticed others
did the same. Cadmus was a good soldier and never showed signs of weakening In
the battle line, on the charge or anywhere on that field.

Comrade Gates returned home to Vermont and was mustered out at Brattleboro
July 21st, 1863, and then to the old home and continued the management of the
family farm until father and mother, wife, sisters and daughter had all been laid to
rest, and then because of poor health, sold the old farm and moved to Swanton village
into the house occupied by his father and his family for many years, which has been
modernized by Cadmus and is now a fine looking residence. The latch string hangs
out to the worthy poor and needy and always to his old comrades of Company K. On
page 413 you will see his picture as he looked in 1895, he looks the same to-day, 1909.

EDWARD GORMAN

volunteered from the town of Franklin and joined the Highgate company September
11th, 1862, the day we elected company officers. His age was 22 and a single man.
Was born in Scotland in 1840, but came to this country when a lad. I do not recall
but little about Gorman, I know he remained with the company and participated
in the battle of Gettysburg. I recall the fact of his being in the battle line on the
third day. He was with us on the march in the pursuit of General Lee and his army
to Frederick City and to Monocacy Junction where we took the cars for Baltimore on
our way home to Vermont. He was mustered out with the regiment and returned to
Franklin, his home. He re-enlisted into Company F, Tenth Vermont Regiment, Decem-

Biographical and Historical of Company K. 725

ber 12th, 1863, and was mustered out with this regiment at the close of the war. I
have seen him occasionally. He has lived most of the time out of the state. His
liome is in Boston, Mass. I have not heen able to get any reply to letters addressed
to him. My understanding is that he is still living. He attended our reunion in 1908.

BELDIN A. GREENSLIT

was from the town of Frankln, and Joined the HIghgate Company the day we were
•organized, September 11th, 1862. He was at this time 26 years of age and a married
man and occupation a farmer. He was horn in Ohio in 1836. He was a fleshy, solid
built fellow and in his way was quite well informed. Greenslit was an active man,
and generally on hand to do his share of duty. He did not mingle as freely with
the boys as some, and I do not recall much concerning him. He returned and was
mustered out with the regiment and went to his home in Franklin, Vt., where he
resided for a time. He had a roving disposition and was not long satisfied in any one
place. I saw him occasionally up to 1870, since which time I have not seen him or
known of his place of residence. He moved to Massachusetts and there died, but have
not been able to obtain facts concerning the cause or date of death.

JAMES HAGAN

volunteered from the town of Franklin about August 27th, 1862, and joined the Highgate
■company at Highgate September 11th, 1862, the day the boys were first called together
and when we elected company officers. Hagan was now just passed 18 years of age.
My first introduction to him was on this day. In all my wanderings I never had seen
any one that looked or appeared just like this green farmer boy. He was long, lank,
lean, loose jointed and awkward, and apparently lazy, an overgrown, green looking
sky farmer boy. Was over six feet tall in stocking feet. His trousers were tucked
into his long legged boots, because too short, and his large sprawling hands extended
far beyond the sleeves of his tight fitting, buttoned-up coat; dark complexion, black
hair and blue rolling eyes. He could see far around to right or left, and not move
his head, and it was extremely funny to see him flap his long ears whenever he liked.
No one at this time would venture to call him handsome. He was a genuine Yankee,
though born just over the line near Slab City, P. Q. He was funny, full of jokes and
tricks, and odd sayings. The Franklin boys called him Jim, and all of them seemed
to like his ways, and his drawling speech convulsed all who heard and saw him with
laughter. Evidently was a favorite which at first I could not understand.

Comrade Hagan, though born on the other side of the line was brought up sur-
rounded by the sturdy farmers who lived on both sides of the line, Franklin in Ver-
mont and Slab City, so called, in Canada, and the families of this locality mingled
together as neighbors and friends, and in their way of thought, education and culture
were like the resident Vermonters who lived along the border line. Hagan was as
much Yankee as if born on a Vermont farm. A more kind hearted and generous boy
"was not to be found in the ranks of Company K, and when he appeared for the first
time with his bran new uniform on at Brattleboro, ready for our first dress parade,
he was presto change, and now a fine looking, good appearing and well behaved soldier
boy. The three or four weeks of drill had wrought a great change in step and gait and
:general physical appearance. He was no longer the awkward, long gaited, green
looking and stooping shy fellow of four weeks before, but a good manly looking specimen
■of the kind of boys that made the best of soldiers.

He had entered on a new life, and seemed anxious to do his best, and made rapid
progress in the drill essential for a useful soldier. He was soon quite a favorite, and his
froliclng, rollicking ways made fun for the boys in camp, picket line, and on the march.
There was never a march, drill, parade, scouting or foraging party, that left Jim
behind, and I was often told in those days that Jim was a foraging party of one,
two or three, never more, that visited the farm houses, so called Union
residents, (19 cases out of every 20 were rebels), to see what they had to sell
that he could buy or trade for, and surely chickens had to roost high or Jim had them
tight around the neck, before they could make the first squawk. I do not pretend to
■say positively that Lieutenant Marsh was knowi'ng to these predatory expeditions,
but it was said that the larder of the young lieutenant was generally well filled with
chicken, ham, bacon, eggs, applejack and so on, and all of us knew that Jim thought more
■of Carmi (as he called him), than any other person on earth. Jim was an orphan,
and Marsh had been his true friend. No doubt Comrade Hagan paid for what he
got when out among the natives, far or near our camps, if he had the money, but
I never knew him to have money many days after the pay-master left camp, too free
"hearted as long as his money held out, and the sutler, had good things to eat. Jim
and his friends lived on the best to be had.

Comrade Hagan was an honorable young man, a true friend and a brave, faithful
TSoldier. Company K could boast of none better, he stood the long, hard march of

726 The Thirteenth Kegiment Vermont Volunteers

seven days tramping through gravelly mud in sunshine and storm, 90 degrees in the
shade, without a murmur, and in the great sanguinary battle of Gettysburg, gave
evidence of courage and devotion equal to any. He returned at the expiration of
his term of service thankful that he had volunteered and had been able to render
important service on the field of battle. He was mustered out with his regiment
and then moved to Massachusetts. He now lives in Rlchford, Vt., an honored and
respected citizen, and among the achievements of life he points to his service in
Company K, Thirteenth Vermont Regiment, as a soldier for the Union, as the proudest
and most satisfactory part of his long career. In as much as a biographical sketch
of him is to be found on page .... (see Roster) some things known to the writer
are here omitted, also you will see the picture of Comrade Hagan as he is now on
page 413.

DeFOREST W. HATCH

was a volunteer from the town of Swanton at the age of 22, about August 25th, 1862,
and joined Hlghgate Company on the day of its organization September 11th, 1862.
His occupation at this time was a jeweller of a few months' experience. His height
was Ave feet, nine inches with blue eyes, dark brown hair and light complexion, well
proportioned, but rather small, clean and tidy and made a fine looking and good
feeling young man. He was single at the time of his enlistment, he married though,
before we left the State. He was full of fun and mischief as an egg of meat, in for a
good time and seemed to have it. He liked anything better than drill and guard
duty about camp. If he could be sent out as guard at some farm house that suited
him very well, especially if the household contained some good looking white girls.
He generally found out about that before going. Quite a number of our regiment
were out on this duty nearly all the time, for they made the government believe
they were in favor of the Union and would make complaints that they were molested
and robbed of poultry, etc., etc., and ask for guards, and so Hatch and others were
detailed at these farm houses as guards to see that nothing was molested and stolen.
Some of us who knew Deforest thought queer he should be sent out on that kind of
duty. We would as soon think of placing a cat as a guard over a mouse as to place
Dick, as we called him, guard against the devastations of Company K boys. Dick,
did not remain long in any one place, for things disappeared just the same. Dick's
fertile brain was ready with some shrewd story to excuse himself for lack of vigilance.
He was diplomatic with plausible theories and excuses, and often satisfied these
Unionists, so called, that he was not in any manner to blame. It was rumored in
camp that Dick would tell the boys, his chums, the hours he might be found sleeping.
Dick never had any attacks of cannon fever, nor was he afraid of bullets and shells.
So far as being on hand when prospect of a fight, he was always ready, and this
was the principal thing and only thing of any particular consequence that we enlisted
for, and expected to attend to and not fail.

Comrade Hatch was mustered out with the regiment at Brattleboro, Vt., July
1st, 1863, and returned to his home in Swanton where he lived a few years and then
went to New York City, and for a few years was engaged with his brother, Decatur
Hatch, a prominent architect of that city. He then returned to Swanton and later
moved to Canada and entered the railroad service as ticket agent. In which service
he has been engaged for many years, a faithful and valuable official. His home 1b-
in Bedford, P. Q. His office and place of business is in the city of Montreal. He
Is still a young looking and fine appearing man, intelligent and active and is well
thought of by those who employ him. Pictures of him will be found on page 408
of this book as he was when a soldier boy and as he is to-day.

EDWARD L. HIBBARD

was a volunteer from the town of Franklin and joined Hlghgate company on the day
of the election of officers, September 11th, 1862. He came with Carmi Marsh and the-
rest of the boys who had enlisted from that town, and this day was our first meeting,
and our acquaintance with him commenced on this day. My first impressions (which
are often the more correct) led me to form a very favorable opinion of Comrade Hib-
bard. He was quite dignified, of few words, intelligent in looks and expression, and
evidently a man of affairs. His conduct and his conversation was modest and retiring
leaving one to believe that his single purpose and ambition now was to serve his country!
His age at this date was 30, five feet, ten inches tall, fair complexion, blue eyes,
brown hair and a merchant by occupation, and a married man born in Canada in 1832!
Was and had been a business man, and physically and mentally qualified for the life
we were about to enter upon. He spent but little time socially with the boys, and
took no particular pains to cultivate close relations with those even of his own com-
pany outside of the Franklin boys, was at all times busy.

He remained in the ranks, learned the manual of arms, the military movements
giving close attention to the detail of every thing connected with army life, and could
be often found absorbed in study of Hardee's Military Tactics. Very soon h© was

Biographical and Historical of Company K. 727

detailed at regimental headquarters at Adjutant Whitney's tent, and in January was
promoted to the responsible position of sergeant major of the regiment. The duties
of this office were well and satisfactorily done, for on the ^3rd day of February,
1863, he was commissioned as second lieutenant and assigned to duty in Company
D, and later, June 4th, was promoted again, and now commissioned as first lieutenant
of Company D. These quite rapid promotions from private to first lieutenant were
the exception, and not the rule in the Thirteenth Regiment. I recall only two other
similar incidents in the history of promotions in our regiment. Colonel Albert Clarke,
who was a private in Company I, and promoted to first sergeant and then first lieu-
tenant of Company G and OrlofE Whitney, fifth sergeant of Company K, and on the
organization of the regiment was made adjutant, and later made captain of Company
H. All these promotions were merited, and none more so than Lieutenant Hibbard.
While I saw but little of him after he joined Company D, I know he was always in
his place and attended strictly to the duties of his office. I saw him many times
during the battle of Gettysburg on Cemetery Hill on the charge from there over
to the left center front battle line, and during the last day of the fight, and in my
humble opinion he was as brave and efficient as any officer of the line. His conduct
as an officer justified the promotions awarded him. This instance as well as that of
Orloff Whitney, illustrates which was common knowledge in Company K, that no other
company had so much good, raw, latent material for first class officers.

Lieutenant Hibbard was mustered out with the regiment July 21st, 1863, and
returned home to lYanklln where he was affectionately welcomed by his wife and
dear friends. Lieutenant Hibbard re-enlisted and joined Company B, 17th Regiment
Vermont Volunteers, and was commissioned as first lieutenant. Was promoted to cap-
tain, but did not accept. Mustered out as first lieutenant October 19, 1864. Returned
to Vermont and engaged in the mercantile business and continued until his quite sudden
and untimely death. Lieutenant Hibbard is buried in Franklin, Vt. See page 222 of
this book.

ELI HOAG

was enrolled from the town of Franklin and joined Highgate company September 11th,
1862. His age at this time was 32, and born in Waterford, Vt., and was married. Was
pretty old as some of us thought for a soldier. He appeared and looked much older
than 32. He was a large, raw-boned, vigorous looking man, had every appearance of
"being a back woodsman. He neither could read or write, and was very illiterate, and
■did not have a very amiable disposition. Was not as particular as some as to care
of person and clothing. Was a common laborer on a farm in the woods. The
life of camp and march and drill and the rations furnished was all right so far as
he was concerned. His associates in the company were few, none cared to tent
with him. He was a little crusty and ugly and was easily annoyed by the jokes and
pranks of the boys, who when they found he did not like it bothered him all the
more. I remember that considerable of the time he had a whole tent by himself.
He was an educated wood chopper sure, for he spent much of his time when not on
duty making ax helves and selling them to the boys, and he made the very best kind.
I think he was on hand to do his duty always, and I am sure there was not a man
in the regiment that carried on his shoulders so full and heavy a knapsack. He hid
4iway things of no value in his knapsack that he had found about camp or elsewhere
and when we started on the long march the last of June he had besides what was
Inside, on top of his knapsack rolled up two woolen blankets, one winter overcoat, one
rubber blanket and these he carried to the end while many who started with woolen
blankets and overcoats threw them away after the first day's march. It is my recol-
lection that he was brave and stood up in the fight as well as any. He returned and
was mustered out with the regiment July 21, 1863, and then returned to his home in
Franklin, and lived for quite a number of years and finally was accidentally killed
in the woods by a falling tree, the date I have not been able to get or where buried.

JAMES M. HOGABOOM

-was one of Hlghgate's bravest volunteers, though a mere boy not out of his teens.
He volunteered the last day of August, 1862, and was present at the organization and
■election of company officers of what was first called Highgate Company, later Com-
pany K. At this election James cast his first vote and was much elated that he
was placed on a level with the rest of the boys though not yet 21 years old. His
age was 18, very slim, was awkward in gait and in every way. Was a green looking,
untutored Yankee boy, but honest, truthful, well behaved and anxious to know what
■was required, and prompt to obey and quick to learn. He had but few faults and no
vices. Was an innocent, bashful and shy young fellow, that evidently had seen but
little of the world or traveled beyond the limits of his native county. Had never
attended even the district schools of his native town but a little. His education had
been sadly neglected. He was naturally bright enough and might have been a fair

728 The Thiftcciith Regiment Vermont Volunteers

scholar if lie had been sent to school. Born in Highgate in 1843, and a farm hand
and a very good, faithful, trusty boy on the farm.

The uniform furnished him was not too long, but very much too large, so slight
and slim was he that it seemed difficult to stand erect and as you saw him walk^
would expect to see him double up like a jack-knife at every step. He was blessed with
a good constitution and had a wonderful appetite, was a healthy young boy, and very
willing to be made into a soldier, and no better raw material enlisted into Company K.
The only spot that he failed in was shoveling Virginia Mud in building Fort Lyon
between Camp Vermont and Alexandria City. He said he was willing to fight but could
not handle that mud. James M. was always on duty, and found as little fault as any
and remained with his company to the end. He came very near being killed on
Pickett's charge the last day of the battle at Gettysburg when our regiment was re-
turning to position. He was in the ranks near Corporal William Church who was
torn to pieces by an exploding shell. The concussion doubled up Min, as we called
him, and rolled him over like a hoop, but was soon on his feet again looking to see
what had happened, was a little dazed, but followed on in a hurry and took his place
as if nothing unusual had happened, and that was true, for explosions of shell and
concussion had been frequent and often nearby for two days and was expected at
any moment and anywhere, and Min thought it simply an incident in battle and was
happy that no mortal injury had befallen him. The bursting of shell had burned
his coat tail a little and filled the skin of the back of his hands with powder, but
he was all right in a few moments and as cool as ever. He said after the battle was
over when we were crossing the battlefield where it happened, that it was lucky for
him that he was slim, or would have been killed sure. It was a close call. I was
very near by and saw the occurrence, and Min when he got up from the ground. I
supposed tor the moment he too, was killed.

James Monroe Hogaboom was mustered out with the regiment at Brattleboro,.
July 21st, 1863, with a first class record and as good as any of Company K. He re-
turned home and in due season married and has followed the life of a farmer and
left his footprints on the sands of time, and did his full duty in the pursuit of happi-
ness and peace in preparation for war, for he has now, January, 1906, six boys grown
up, all stalwart, brave and strong and one girl. I doubt if any outside of Company
K can show a better record in married life than my esteemed comrade, James Monroe-
Hogabooni. except Ashael Manning, that little short, slight boy from Alburg, Vt.,
who has twelve children, seven boys and five girls, but I will tell about him when
his name is reached in the alphabetical order. I see Hogaboom quite often, and
relentless time has made but slight change in his look|j and general appearance and in
confirmation of this opinion look on page 417 where his pictures as a soldier and
now at this writing, January, 1906, appears. He resides in the town of St. Albans,,
still happy and contented and proud of the fact that he was a soldier for his country
when needed.

OSCAR B. HUBBARD

was born in Swanton, near the center of the town and volunteered about August
30th, 1862; was present at the organization of the Highgate Company, September 11th,
1862, and at this time was 19 years of age, six feet tall, gray eyes, dark hair and was-
a fine looking and appearing young man, a son of Curtis B. Hubbard,
a well-to-do first class farmer. His father was a leading citizen and pros-
perous farmer, and had a family of four boys, two old enough to enlist, and they bottb
volunteered, but only one, Oscar, was mustered into the United States service; a
peculiar situation as will be seen. Curtis Hubbard, the father, gave his written con-
sent that his son might enlist. Young Hubbard followed the regiment in all its
marches and ever performed his duty with entire satisfaction to all. Was well liked
by the boys of our company and he seemed well pleased that he was in the service-
as a common soldier in company with so many that were his equals. His conduct
secured early, October 23rd, promotion as corporal and he was a good one. He was
taken sick at Camp Widow Violet with typhoid fever and died May 16th, 1863. His
body was sent home and buried in the family lot in the town of Greorgia, Vt.

Corporal Hubbard died in our regimental hospital at Camp Widow Violet on
the Occoquan, and quite suddenly. His body was sent home to Vermont under the
agreement between the boys of the company made when Bovat died at Wolf Run
Shoals, namely, that all who might die should be sent home, the expense to be borne-
equally among the survivors of the company. Bovat had been sent home, Burgess
who died at Wolf Run Shoals was buried there because he had no friends or home
tn Vermont to send his remains to. Hubbard was the last that died of disease in our
company while in the service. Corporal Church was killed at Gettysburg and his.
remains were finally taken to Vermont by Captain Blake as before mentioned.

Biographical and Historical of Company K. 729

GEORGE H. JENNISON

volunteered about the 25th of August, 1862, from the town of Swanton, and joined
Highgate company September 11th, 1862, the day of the organization of the company.
His father had died some time before, and Clark S. Jennison was his legal guardian
and gave his written consent to the enlistment. George was brought up on a farm
and educated thus far in the district schools of his native town. Bom in 1842 in
Swanton, Vt., occupation a farmer. His conduct showed that his moral training
had not been neglected, he was a quiet, unobtrusive young fellow with a retiring,
though pleasant disposition. Entered into the necessary drill essential to army life
with zeal that he might at the earliest moment become fitted for the duties expected.
This new life changed not a single obligation of civil life and his conduct was always
upright and courteous. An opportunity came very soon after we were assigned to
General Heintzleman's command who was in charge of the defences of Washington
while at Camp Vermont on the Mount Vernon road a mile or so south of Alexandria
to be detailed in the ambulance department. Private Jennison accepted this offer
and was on the 17th day of November, 1862, detailed as ambulance guard, which posi-
tion he liked very much, was soon promoted as sergeant which gave him a mounted
position with quite pleasant surroundings, and with less exposure and routine of
camp life, than if he had remained with the company. He did not leave Company
K only on detached duty, and he was often seen riding into our camp equipped and
caparisoned as belonging to the ambulance corps. We only saw him occasionally,
but we learned that his service was faithful and efficient and satisfactory.

Comrade Jennison remained in the ambulance department until his term of enlist-
ment expired, and was mustered out with his regiment at Brattleboro, Vt., July 21st,
1863. He returned to his home in Swanton and resumed the occupation of a farmer.
He subsequently married Addie Potter, of St. Albans, moved West, where he has
since resided. He now lives in Mason City, Iowa. He was Bast a few years ago and
at that time paid me a visit and while he is many years older than when in the
service, he does not look as old as 64. To them were born two children, a son and
a daughter.

JAMES JUDKINS

was one of the Highgate volunteers from that town enrolled about August 25, 1862,
and joined the Highgate company September 11th, the day of the organization of
the company. I do not think I had seen him before this occasion. His age at enlist-
ment was 38 and was a married man with a family, and his occupation was that of
a shoemaker, was five feet, nme inches tall, straight, active, and a good physical
specimen for endurance and hardship. He was a man of a few words, and said
but little to any one, and only those with whom he mated or to officers and others
about duty and business. He was on hand and was always in line when Sergeant
Morey called the roll. Likely no more faithful and conscientious soldier found in our
company. I do not think we had been out long before Comrade Judkins was permitted
to set up a cobbler's shop in his tent, and repair shoes and boots for the boys, and
•this he continued to do until about the time we left Virginia on the Gettysburg march.
Comrade Judkins informed me that he was born in Plattsburg, N. Y., that his father
was a soldier in the war of 1812.

Since returning home from the army he has resided in Highgate and continued
the occupation of shoemaker and is still at the old trade and at the same place with
a fair prospect of quite a number of years of active life. There is not a comrade of
Company K but what has travelled further away from home and oftener than Com-
rade Judkins. He is as regular in his habits of life as the rising and setting of
the sun, perfectly honest, no one doubts his word and is respected by all. He has
a picture that was taken with uniform on, but says it is not fit to be used, anc" for
that reason does not want it to appear in our book. I am sorry, for I am sure you
would at once recognize Company K's honest shoemaker soldier, for he did duty as
a soldier and sewed and pegged our shoes and some time took his pay in promises
to be paid when the paymaster came.

He is now an old man, 85 years past, and yet he walks off jvit as when he
appeared on the march, quick, steady and strong. I saw him here in Swanton only
a few days ago, during the month of June, 1909, and his memory of the old days
was fresh and that life in the army was spoken of with pleasure, and when I remarked
to him, "We all soon shall pass away and be forgotten," "Yes," said he, "but what
we did will remain, and for us it does not much matter." He was mustered out with
his regiment at Brattleboro, Vt., July 21st, 1863, and returned to his home in High-
gate, Vt., where he has always lived.

Comrade Judkins was born in Plattsburg, N. Y., November 19th, 1824. He moved
early to Vermont and married Mary Ann Wheelock, of Bakersfield, Vt., in 1846, and
the fruit of this union was three daughters, Emma L., Sarah E., and Abbie M. Emma
married a Mr. Sylvester Washburn; the other two never married and remain at home

730 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

giving care and comfort and joy to father and mother in the sunset of life. I am
told he still applies his trade with customary satisfaction and promptness. He is
now a pensioner at $20 per month and quite happy.

ROBERT KEENAN

volunteered as a substitute for Henry G. King of Highgate and joined the Highgate
company some time subsequent to September 23rd, and before we left the state
for Brattleboro to be mustered into the United States service. He was as I thought
at the time, an old man, and in fact his age was 37 or more, and yet he was a strong,
healthy looking, vigorous, athletic man. He was a Yankee Irishman, born in this
country, but his father and mother were from sweet old Ireland. Rob, as we called
him, was full of fun and wit, and made lots of droll talk that tickled and amused
the boys very much. He was all right and made a good soldier, and was one of the
best shots in Company K, if not the best, it was an even thing between him and
Oliver Parizo. Rob had two brothers in the army, one who enlisted from a western
state, and one from Vermont, who belonged to Company P, United States Sharpshooters
that was recruited from Vermont, both of these brothers are still living in Swanton,
Vt. Rob was patriotic and seemed perfectly satisfied with army life. He had a roving
disposition, and was seldon found in camp in good weather, unless detailed for duty.
Rob, like some others, hankered now and then for liquid rations, and whenever given
out, which was not often, was on hand for his share, and would not refuse even what
belonged to the other boys who did not use liquor of any kind, and if he could pre-
vail upon them to draw their rations and turn the same over to him, he was more
than pleased if not fully satisfied.

He remained with the regiment in line of duty to the end and showed himself
to be a brave, fearless, courageous and aggressive soldier. He was mustered out
with the regiment July 21st, 1863, and returned to Bast Highgate where he was em-
ployed for many years in O. S. Rixford's Axe and Scythe Mfg. establishment. He
died in and is buried in Highgate, Vt.

OLIVER L. KEEZER

enlisted from the town of Georgia, Vt., as a substitute for Orrin Hubbard, and on
October 23, was enrolled and mustered in the same day, the only man in Company
K or the Thirteenth Regiment from that town except William Ryan, that joined
Company A, ,13th Vermont Volunteers. He was an old man and must have been led
to volunteer by some peculiar circumstances. He was past 45 in October, 1862.
He joined Company K after we arrived at Washington and while we were in camp
on East Capitol Hill, called Camp Casey, and was mustered in on the same day,
October 23rd, 1862. Now you wonder how this irregularity came about. 1 will explain
as I recall and understand the situation. There were two Hubbard boys who enlisted
from the town of Swanton, Oscar and Orrin, both all right and acceptable and both
went with us to Brattleboro, Vt., on September 29th and remained there until October
9th, the day before we were mustered into the United States service. Our uniforms
had been distributed and they with the rest of us dressed up as soldiers and partici-
pated in the drills and the duties of camp to this date, October 9th. On this 9th day
of October word came from home to the Hubbard brothers that death or dangerous
illness had suddenly occurred in the Hubbard family, and to come home, if possible,
at once. This communication was taken to the adjutant and inspector general's office,
Peter T. Washburn, and leave of absence from the company was granted for two weeks,
the order being signed by Peter T. Washburn. They returned home to Swanton in haste
uniformed, on the same night. Oscar returned and joined his company at Camp Casey
October 23rd, 1862, and was then mustered into the United States service. Orrin did
not return, but Oliver L. Keezer came with Oscar in place of his brother, dressed
in the same uniform that Orrin had worn away when he went home on leave of ab-
sence. Why Orrin did not return I never knew, but I think on account of death in
the family, and it was decided best to get some one to take Orrin's place, and old
Oliver L. Keezer was dug up somewhere down in Georgia as a proxy for Orrin.
Whether ever examined and passed by a medical examination is very doubtful but
Oliver came apd some kind of a military necromancy, presto change, took place, and
Keezer was accepted and mustered in, good, bad or indifferent, and nothing said.
Keezer was a total stranger and the boys thought it was a bad trade, for he was
twice as old as Orrin Hubbard and was nowhere his equal in education, general
appearance or physical ability to endure army lite.

Orrin volunteered and was with the company, doing duty like the rest for five
or six weeks, and then secured Keezer to take his place in Company K. He took oft
his uniform that he wore home and put it on Keezer and started Mm ■with his
brother, Oscar to Washington, D. C, to join Company K in his place. They arrived
before their furlough expired and he was duly enlisted and mustered in, and all went

Biographical and Historical of Company K. 731

well. Orrin remained at home, and lived in Georgia as a prosperous farmer all his
life until about January, 1906^ when he died.

Keezer did duty for a while, but the climate and life was too much for him and
in April, 1863, was sent to the general hospital and never returned to our company for
duty. He came with others and joined us at Brattleboro, Vt., coming with Surgeon
Nichols, who found him with others of our regiment in the hospitals about Washing-
ton. He was mustered out with the regiment July 21st, 1863. He was not to blame
for sickness, for some of our very best were taken sick and were never after able to do
duty, some were discharged before the expiration of their service, and others who had
spent considerable time in the hospital, were mustered out with the regiment. One
thing is certain that Keezer did not serve over time for he enlisted October 23rd, and
was mustered out July 21st, less than nine months from the time he was mustered
into the United States service. Most of us enlisted in August and were mustered
out in July, eleven months in the service and a good many of the boys claimed before
we started on the march to Gettysburg, that our time was out, and when we left
camp on the Occoquan we should march direct to Washington and be sent home,
and that accounts for a few fellows of Company K starting off on that last march
so heavily loaded down. They thought they were on the way home by the way of
Alexandria and Washington, but such were doomed to disappointment. The most
of us knew full well we should be needed. We knew General Lee was in the Shenan-
doah Valley with his whole army moving north as fast as possible and we had sat on
the banks of the Occoquan for days and watched General Hooker's army cross the Oc-
coquan in all haste on his way north to intercept General Lee before he should be able to
reach Washington, and every hour of the day and night for ten days we expected to hear
the beat of the long roll preparatory to follow, and thus it was, but that I may not
do injustice to Comrade Keezer or my friend, Orrin Hubbard, in whose place he went,
am glad to say that Keezer re-enlisted into Company A, 17th Vermont Regiment, and
there distinguished himself as a valiant soldier. He was taken prisoner September
30th, 1864, and died in that horrid prison pen at Salisbury, N. C, January 27th, 1865,
and was there buried. Oscar Hubbard as you know died in June, 1863, at Camp
Widow Violet and that his remains were sent home to Vermont.

JAMES KINGSLEY

was a Swanton recruit and volunteered about August 25th, 1862, and was present and
took part in the election of Company officers on September 11th. His age was 21 and
a tanner by occupation, and was a married man. He was short and slight, too puny
for soldier business, and yet he was tough and endured army life better than many
who seemed better fitted for it. He was much attached to his wife and she undoubtedly
was lonesome when left behind in Vermont, and I presume he wrote her to come to
Washington, informing her that we were to remain near Washington on guard duty.
She arrived sometime in November and joined her husband while we were in Camp
Vermont. That made it a little inconvenient for her husband, for three others occupied
a small A tent by themselves and no sleeping room for more. Kingsley hustled around,
went and saw Colonel Randall who was always kind and thoughtful, and very cour-
teous to the ladies, and taking into consideration the circumstances, at once ordered
a special tent for Kingsley and his wife, and in the course of a day or so Kingsley
had up a tent all stockaded and fixed up as comfortable as a cotton tent could be
in the winter time, and thereafter Kingsley and his wife had a tent by themselves.
It was about number four down the company street on the left at Camp Wolf Run
Shoals. Kingsley now lived happy and contented and so was his wife. There was
plenty of regulation rations for all, such as beans, rice, pork, hardtack, coffee, tea,
sugar, molasses, salt, pepper and occasionally soft bread and fresh meat.

Mrs. Kingsley seemed to enjoy the outdoor life and for a time had the proud
distinction of being the only woman in camp. Quite a number came later while
we were in Camp Widow Violet, and a more appropriate camp for ladies to visit than
Wolf Run Shoals. Some of you must remember how Kingsley was annoyed because of the
boyish capers invented to make fun and bother him, all innocent fun, nothing more.
Kingsley got permission from the Captain to do guard duty in the camp and not
go out on the picket line, that his wife might not be left alone, but that was entirely
unnecessary, for there was never the slightest danger of any of Company K boys
planning for an elopement with her. Some said James was jealous, I could never be-
lieve it, yet it might have been so. Mrs. Kingsley remained and moved with us to
our next camp. Widow Violet. Mrs. Kingsley was the best looking lady in camp
for a long time, but when others came society was re-organized, and the social relations
of the regiment was run on a different plan.

When there appeared some prospect of a spring campaign, Comrade Kingsley
was alarmed and was advised to let his wife go to Washington, or home to Vermont,
and about the first day of June she left for Washington, and from there home to
Vermont. Comrade Kingsley was very lonesome for a while, but soon was all right

732 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

and did good duty the rest of the time, but was anxious to see home, and was some
afraid he might get hurt if we got into a fight. He never was shot or harmed in
battle, and was mustered out with the regiment July 21st, 1863. He lived In Swanton
for a number of years after returning home and then moved to Massachusetts, where
he was living only a few years ago. I have not been able to ascertain whether he
is dead or alive.

ISAAC LADUE

volunteered from the town of Hlghgate about September 16th, 1862, as a substitute
for Dennis Wilcox. It appeared that at this time Calvin Drury was his guardian, for
he gave permission for the enlistment. Dennis Wilcox was a drafted man from the
town of Grand Isle, and procured Isaac to go as his substitute, and yet Ladue was
accredited to Hlghgate and not to Grand Isle on the quota as appears by the Adjutant
General's report of the state, and how It was arranged of course I cannot say.

Isaac and his guardian, Drury, signed papers to act as a substitute for Wilcox.
Isaac was a volunteer just the same, and served under his own name. He was at this
date 19, short and quite small for one of his age. He was Rhode Island born and yet
evidently had never had the benefit of a common school education, for we observed
he signed his name by making a cross for his signature. Though in the same com-
pany, we never became much acquainted with Comrade Ladue, as a rule he was seen
in the ranks ready and willing to do duty. He was for a while detailed on guard
duty away from the regiment. Isaac was with the regiment in all its marches and
in the battle at Gettysburg, and was a good and brave soldier, faithfully performing
his duties at all times, fulfilling the oath taken to serve his government. He was
mustered out with the regiment at Brattleboro, July 21st, 1863, and returned home
to Hlghgate. I have not been able to find out where he is, or if dead, when or where
he died.

HARDY H. LADUE

volunteered from the town of Alburgh about the 10th day of September, 1863, and
joined Hlghgate Company, and was present, as I recall, when company officers were
elected, September 11th. There were four others from Alburg, his associates. Hardy
at this time was 20 years old, five feet nine inches tall, well built, muscular and .
active and his occupation was that of a blacksmith. He was In age, physical make-up
and otherwise well adapted to the life he bad volunteered to take part in. Was
pleasant and jovial, had a kind and gentle disposition, but did not care to have his
toes purposely stepped on, and it persisted in, that left hand would come out to remind
you to be a little more careful. All knew that it would not do to push Hardy too
much or too often, even Corporal Chadwick was careful not to give occasion for offense
in his official relation or otherwise.

Comrade Ladue was on hand when duty called him. He was stationed on special
duty at Fairfax Station for about two months, returning to the company about March
14th, while we were still in camp at Wolf Run Shoals. He and Butler and Sergeant
Manzer, who had been at the station claimed to have had pretty good winter quarters,
light duty and quite a pleasant and comfortable time. They were stationed where
they could take the cars any day for Alexandria and Washington. I called on them
on two occasions on my way from Camp Wolf Run Shoals to Washington. Their
tent at the railroad station was a sort of a hotel for Company K boys on their way
to and from Washington, often staying over night with them and surely we were
always welcomed, and the best the house afforded was cheerfully divided. The latch
string always hung out at their tent. This hotel was only an A tent calculated for
four, but six or eight could be accommodated in case of storm or other necessity.
Hardy was a good entertainer and was bubbling over with fun and laughter nearly all
the time when awake. It seems to me now as I recall individually the boys of Company K
none seemed to enjoy the outdoor and army life better than young Ladue. He was
sick for a day or so occasionally with disease incident to army life. I think he had
the measles, camp itch and jaundice; most of us did, but he found no fault with
such trifles. Was generally all serene when plenty of rations at hand and not too
much marching and sleeping on the cold, wet ground without tents.

He stood the seven days' march to Gettysburg as well as any of Company K, and
reached there as fresh as any. He was a good forager and he and his associate, Henry-
Butler were able to buy or appropriate more than most of us, and therefore was in
pretty good condition for the fight when we reached the battlefield of Gettysburg.
Hardy was no coward for all the day long, July 2nd, he was under fire, and on the
3rd during most of the cannonading of that day, which was fearful where our com-
pany and regiment were, but his sympathy for his comrades in distress was ever
quick to respond and ready to assist. About noon on the last day of the battle during
a brief cessation of flying and exploding shell, one of our number, Edward Gorman,
was taken suddenly ill and was suffering cramps and awful pains in the bowels and
was rolling about on the ground, Hardy came up to Captain Blake and reported Gor-

Biographical and Historical of Company K. 733.

man's case and asked what could be done. Captain Blake observed Gorman's condition
to be as reported, and hesitated as to what could be done. Hardy pointed to an
ambulance some twenty rods to the rear and Captain Blake said, "Take him to that
ambulance as quick as possible and return, for we are liable to be called on to charge
any minute." I saw Hardy deliver Comrade Gorman inside the ambulance and my
attention was then called to a caisson that exploded just at our left and rear, and
this made quite a commotion, for a number were killed and many wounded. The
air was so filled with smoke that the ambulance and Ladue were hidden from view.
We were immediately ordered to advance a few rods to a rail fence breast-
work that had been built by orders during the forenoon under charge of Sergeant
George H. Scott of Company G, and from that time on the air was pretty full of shot
and shell and no one cared to run about very much unless in response to orders; then
none seemed to hesitate.

General Pickett's charge followed, and the fight was over with the going down of
the sun. On the next day Hardy said after he placed Comrade Gorman into the
ambulance, he attempted to return to his company, but owing to the blowing up of
two or three caissons nearby him and the shell came so fast, could not find his way
back to the regiment. It had moved and he could not tell where to go, but found a
protected place and there remained until dark. The boys chided Hardy good naturedly
when he returned and did not fully accept his reasons for not returning. Hardy did
not show any resentment, for at that time it would not have been prudent to do so,
but laughingly said in reply, "Well, I would rather be a live coward than a dead
hero." The matter was there dropped, for no one could say it was different than
explained by Comrade Ladue. Hardy fell in with the company on the march in pur-
suit of General Lee's fiying army and seemed anxious to overtake the foe and have
another opportunity to test his courage in another battle, and I am confident if he
had been given another chance would have remained with his company, no matter
how hard and bloody the contest, but on the 10th while at Middletown, Md., received
orders to start for home, our time being out, hence none of us had any chance to
show courage or redeem damaged reputation. Young Ladue was mustered out with
the regiment July 21st, 1863, and returned home. He followed his occupation of
blacksmith for a number of years and finally became an engineer on a railroad, and
has for many years past been employed in the railroad service as a reliable and
courageous engineer. The last I heard of Comrade Ladue he was in Chicago, 111. He
is supposed to be alive.

JAMES MALONEY

volunteered from the town of Swanton about the 1st of September, 1862. He was at
this time about 42 years old and a farmer by occupation, a married man, was born
in Ireland, but had been in this country since childhood. He was present at the
organization of the Highgate company September 11th, 1862. Although he had been
brought up under our laws and civilizing influences, he was a genuine bog trotter, and
as full of wit and repartee as those who live near the Lakes of Killarney, nearby
which he said he was born. He had gray eyes and hair, was of stout build, sturdy,
healthy and strong, was a good feeder and seemed to appreciate the abundance of
pork and beans, etc., furnished for the soldiers. He was for a time on detail duty at
the regimental hospital, but returned to the company after a few weeks and then
remained with his company doing duty when called upon. I recall that he was one
of the few in Company K who did not refuse whisky rations when issued, which
occurred on a few occasions. Some of Company K boys who did not use whiskey
were persuaded to go and draw their share and then turn them over to some deserving
comrade who thought he needed it as a preventive against small-pox, measles, jaundice,
itch, wood ticks and chills and fever, etc., etc., so occasionally some one took too
much preventive for the best discipline and morale of the company.

Maloney was a very good soldier, and like most of his nationality had plenty ot-
courage on all occasions. He was mustered out with the regiment at Brattleboro, Vt.,
July 21st, 1863, and returned to Swanton, and on the 29th day of August, 1863, re-
enlisted under his old friend. Lieutenant Brown of Company K, into Company A, of
the Seventeenth Vermont Regiment, this time as a veteran, went to the front in
the spring of 1864, taken sick while in front of Petersburg, Va., and died of disease
October 6th, 1864. Here again was Illustrated the loyalty of the Irish soldier to his
adopted country. The Thirteenth Regiment had abundant proof of heroic conduct in
battle of those of Irish birth, and those of our regiment of this nationality too much
praise cannot be given.

DANIEL MANAHAN

volunteered from the town of Swanton about September 10th, 1862. His age was 18,
dark hair and gray eyes, and a nice clean looking young man with a genial and happy
disposition, very friendly and kind and courteous to every one. He was truly a
genuine Yankee Irishman, born in Swanton. His father and mother were born In

734 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

Ireland. His father died a number of years ago in St. Albans, Vt., and his mother
still lives, and is often seen on the streets of St. Albans and occasionally in her old
home town, Swanton, and as I meet her she always refers to her soldier son, Dannie,
and with eyes dimmed with tears and trembling voice speaks affectionately of her
first born and dearest beloved child.

Comrade Manahan was one of the best and bravest boys of Company K, was
always on hand and ready for duty, pleasant and cheerful at all times. I never saw
him otherwise. In fact he was quite a favorite in the company, and could be depended
upon at all times and was reliable, faithful and true. His undaunted courage when
exposed to great danger, was grandly illustrated on Cemetery Hill July 2nd, when he
and others of Company K went to the assistance of a crippled battery as heretofore
mentioned. The manifestation of such heroism in a mere boy of 18 was sublime, and
an inspiration to his comrades that witnessed it, and in unison spontaneously cheered
this daring deed. If any earned a medal of honor for bravery on that field of carnage
and glory, it was my esteemed comrade, Daniel Manahan. Young Manahan was mus-
tered out with the company and regiment, and returned to his home where he was
affectionately received by father and mother, sisters and brothers, and all who knew
him heartily welcomed him home and praised his gallant and manly courage at
Gettysburg. The citizens of his native town, Swanton, were justly proud of his
conduct in battle.

Daniel re-enlisted in Company M, frontier Cavalry, January 3rd, 1864, and was
mustered out June 27th, 1865, by reason of special order, close of the war. Daniel
returned and resumed work on the farm his father owned, and carried it on for quite
a number of years. His father, Timothy Manahan was a tailor and carried on business
in Swanton village for many years. He went West, remained a few years, returned
home and there remained until his sudden death. He never married and the last
few years of his life was spent in the city of St. Albans where he had three married
sisters, Mrs. Cornelius Reagan, Mrs. Michael Barnes, and Mrs. Alfred Dufresnes, and
he and his mother lived by themselves. Daniel had two younger brothers, Tim and
John; Tim is a long time engineer in the far West, and John is a successful fanner
now residing in Fairfield, Vt. Dan was always the same kind hearted, genial fellow,
generous and sympathetic. His greatest pleasure in life was the meeting of his old
comrades of Company K. These as he grew older seemed to be more dear and near
to his great heart. I lived neighbor to him after we returned from the war and was
quite intimate and knew his every day life, and am now glad to say of him that but
few rendered better, more loyal and devoted service to his country than Comrade
Manahan, He was respected by all who knew him through life. He is missed and
by his comrades, his noble qualities of mind and heart are and ever will be cherished
in memory. We shall see him soon and join the immortal army where he now waits
the coming of the remainder of his dear old comrades of Company K. Comrade Mana-
han died at St. Albans, and is buried in the Catholic Fairfax Street Cemetery. If
you would see how he looks, look on page 413 of this book.

ASHAEL A. MANNING

volunteered from his native town, Alburg, Vt., September 10th, 1862, at the age of
17, and at once went to Highgate and there joined Highgate Company on the day of
election of Company officers. He was only five feet, four inches tall, rather small,
but an active, healthy looking boy, light complexion, gray eyes and light hair, and
had been brought up on a farm. Was the son of Judge A. R. Manning, a native also
of Alburg. There were four others who came to Highgate Company from Alburg
and they all tented together most of the time, and were quite clannish, and seemed
to think much of each other. Were all from good families and all born in Alburg,
except Sergeant Merritt Manzer, who was a native of Swanton, Vt. Asahel was
a good soldier and a very likely young boy and showed that he was well brought up.
He was educated in the common district schools of his town. His endurance for one
so young and so small was quite remarkable.. He remained with the regiment and
participated in all its marches, raids and battles and demonstrated that age and size
are not necessarily essential pre-requisites in a soldier.

He was mustered out with his regiment and returned to his home, Alburg, and
re-enlisted into Company A, seventeenth Vermont Volunteers, as a veteran on the
22nd day of September, 1863, under his old Lieutenant of Company K, now Captain
Stephen F. Brown, and arrived at the front in season to take part in the battles of
the Wilderness, May, 1864, also Spotsylvania, North Anna, Totopotomoy, Bethsada
Church, Cold Harbor, Petersburg and Petersburg Mine, Welden Railroad, Papalone
Spring, Church and Hatchet Run and all between the dates of May 5th and October
29th, 1864. He was taken sick in December following and sent home to Vermont
on a furlough on account of sickness the 1st of March, 1865, but recovered and re-
turned, arriving in Washington, D. C, in April and finally joined his regiment at
City Point. Was mustered out July 17th, 1865.

Biographical and Historical of Company K. 735

Since his return to civil life he has been engaged in speculation, in farm produce,
insurance, builder and contractor, but for the last few years has not been able to do
but little labor of any kind. Comrade Manning writes me that he has a family of
seven boys and five girls, all able-bodied, good looking, industrious and respectable,
happy and contented and proud that their father served as a soldier in the War of
the Rebellion. Comrade Asahel Manning has done better than any other of Company
K toward preparation for abiding peace or war. Comrade Manning sent me a photo
as he looked July 21st, 1905, just 42 years from the date of muster out with Company
K. Many of you have never seen him since. It has been quite a number of years
since I saw him last. He has suffered with disease for many years contracted in the
service. He lived in Tilton, N. H., for quite a number of years past. He died January
9th, 1906. Comrade Manning wrote me June 12th, 1905 that he was very much pleased
to hear from one of the old boys of Company K, and in the postscript of his letter
used these words, "The boys are going fast. I think fall will wind up my life on this
earth, I have had a bleeding spell from my lungs and can't stand many more. Good-
bye." He realized his end was near, and I doubt not he was fully prepared for the
life beyond. He has a brother now residing in Alburg by the name of Man-
ning. A picture of Comrade Manning will be seen on page 417, and a brief biographi-
cal sketch written just before his death on page The name under his picture

on page 417 is error; Asahel A. Manning, not Charles A., which is a mistake of the
printer.

CHARLES A. MARVIN

volunteered from the town of Franklin and joined Highgate Company on the day
of its organization, September 11th, 1863. His age at this time was 29 years, and a
married man. He was born in Fairfield, Vt., and had lived there nearly all his life.
Had resided in Franklin only a short time when he enlisted. His occupation or trade
was a wheelwright, carpenter and joiner. His education was in the district schools
of Fairfield. His father was a prosperous farmer and a leading citizen of Fairfield
for many years and resided on a large farm located on the north west side of Fairfield
Pond. Charles A. was a straightforward man, vigorous looking and appearing soldier.
He was detailed as soon as we arrived at Brattleboro for work in building barracks,,
then in process of construction. He served the most of his time on detailed duty.
He was one of Company K's famous cooks. This detailed duty required him to go
with the wagon train that carried baggage and food. In camp he was one of the
company cooks and attended to drawing of company rations from quartermaster,
and on the march was one of the guards of the train and carried a gun.

Comrade Marvin was a firm believer in dreams and had been from early boyhood.
An incident in his life perhaps accounts for this conviction. His mother was one of
a class that in these days would be called a mind reader, a medium, a spiritualistic
Interpreter of past, present and future. Her dreams under circumstances were recog-
nized as reliable in the community where she lived, while his mother, though a
Christian woman, laid no claims to being inspired like Daniel of Sacred History, yet
she could see and understand how to interpret what she called dreams, which often
proved correct. One instance which is well authenticated by some still living, Comrade
Marvin relates as an inciaent in his early life, and it appears in his biography on
page ..., and if you take pains to read it, you will not wonder why Company H
listened to the dreams of their cook and placed more or less reliance on them, nor
why the cook was a firm believer in dreams.

Comrade Marvin was mustered out with the regiment and returned to Franklin
County and took up the occupation of his father and moved on to the old farm and.
carried it on for many years, until about twelve years ago. Being broken in health
and suffering from rheumatism and infirmity incident to army life, gave up the farm
and moved to Swanton and there served as Janitor for church and schools for a
number of years. His family of girls and boys grew up, married and went by them-
selves. His wife died and he married again, quite a young woman, and she died
within a year, and subsequently he married a war widow, Mrs. Allen Potter. Comrade
Marvin is now at this date, January, 1909, living with a son in St. Albans City, Vt.
His picture as he now looks appears on page 420 of this book.

GEORGE A. MEAD

volunteered from the town of Swanton about September 1st, 1862, at the age of 19,.
was born in Swanton and the son of a farmer, and his occupation, as far as he had
any, was on the farm. He was a well-behaved young man and attended to duty well
and faithfully at all times. I do not recall enough concerning his army life to say
much of him, nor do I know of him since his discharge, July 21st, 1863. Have not
seen him since that day, nor have I been able to ascertain anything concerning him.

J^b The Thirteenth Regiment yermont Volunteers

HENRY B. MEIGS

volunteered from his native town, Highgate, and joined Highgate Company September
11th, 1862. His age was 18, six feet high, had a large frame, but little unnecessary
flesh, and was indeed raw material and enough of it for a soldier. Light complexion,
gray eyes and light hair. Had always lived at home on the farm, and never strayed
away very far. He was exceedingly modest and bashful for one so large, at first he
was shy and reserved. He was quite apt and soon learned all the ways of camp life
whether essential or not. Was on hand day or night for duty or fun, and was easily
persuaded by his chums to go outside of camp limits on a tour of investigation.
These trips were made in the day time generally, and if anything was located that
tempted their palate, the next trip was made by moonlight, and I know from what
I saw and heard mentioned, Meigs and Company never returned empty handed.

There was nothing mean or malicious in Comrade Meigs's disposition or conduct
while in the service. It was not in him to do a low cowardly act even to an enemy.
His pranks while undergoing a metamorphic process of being converted into a soldier,
brought out more latent material than naturally developed in the preparatory course,
and lasted only a little while, and the change was quite apparent. He soon began
to realize what was expected from him as a soldier, and the responsible part that he
had voluntarily promised his government that he would assume and fulfill. He became
more thoughtful, and more anxious as to what the final result might be. Patriotic
desire was so strong that he waited impatiently for opportunity to take a more active
part. He seemed anxious to test his courage and strength in battle (though not a
word was ever uttered by him as to what he would do if he should meet the enemy).
Comrade Meigs, like all of Company K, had never faced the belching cannon, nor the
desperate charge, and dare not say what his conduct would be in such a crisis. His
manly conduct and undaunted courage on the seven days' march to Gettysburg, was
proof of his unyielding determination to stand by the Stars and Stripes whenever
and wherever the supreme effort of mortal combat should occur, which gave much,
promise of heroic conduct in battle. I have heretofore spoken of distinguished service
performed by Comrade Meigs on the battlefield of Gettysburg, and need not here say
more. The ancestral blood that flowed in his veins stimulated his soul to its greatest
effort, that he might in his humble position do his part in subduing and overthrowing
the rebellious armies now assailing the flag of his country. His conduct in battle
demonstrated that his whole being was imbued with the single purpose of doing his
very best. After the battle of Gettysburg none appeared more elated and satisfied,
because of the privilege of taking part in the sanguinary struggle that brought glorious
victory for the Union and praise to the Second Vermont Brigade to which he belonged.

He returned to Brattleboro and was mustered out by reason of expiration of term
of service, and then to his old home in Highgate and resumed work on the farm, but
this occupation was too slow for his active and ambitious mind. His soldier life
had changed him, and the avenues of thought were now so different, that he became
restless and anxious to go forth and engage in the struggle of civil life, that he might
do for himself more than the opportunities of life on the old home farm could possibly
furnish. In the winter of 1865-1866 after peace had been declared he went to the
distant West. His pictures will be seen on page 418, and an article by himself on
page .... See Roster.

JOHN MOLLO

volunteered from the town of Swanton September 11th, 1862, and joined Highgate
Company on the day of the organization and election of officers of that company.
He was 47 years old and a married man, occupation that of a day laborer. He was
five feet, four inches tall, thick set, short, and a strong man of his age, dark hair,
eyes and complexion, and he claimed to be part Injun (as he called it), and that his
grandmother was of the St. Francis tribe of Indians that once lived on the banks of
the Missisquoi River on land now within the limits of the town of Swanton. His dark
complexion, long coarse straight black hair and rugged build, justified his claim of
descending from some Indian tribe. I have no doubt he may have descended from the
red man of this country. He was a good natured, willing and jolly fellow, and had
quite a tame and civilized disposition. He was on hand for duty when called, never
sick and in fact was a good soldier. He was one of the few of Company K who when
on the march carried his knapsack stuffed so full that when placed in position on his
shoulders it towered above his head and thus carried it on every march.

Mollo was quite suddenly shook up in the charge on the second day of Gettysburg
battle, when charging from Cemetery Hill over to our left front where our line of
battle had been just broken through by some of General Longstreet's corps. A shell
struck the ground just in front of us, came bounding along, passed through our ranks
and struck a small boulder on which John had just put his foot upon, and exploded.
This was a close call and John thought he was mortally wounded and called for help.'
It did bring him down and he had reason to be frightened, as no doubt he was. We

Biographical and Historical of Company K. 737

left him still crying for assistance, but we of course, could not then stop, and in fact
Captain Blake saw enough to satisfy himself that Mollo would be all right as soon as
he recovered from his fright, and called out to him to come on, that he was all right,
but Mollo came no further, but sought a place of safety to see where he had been hit.
We saw him next, the day after the battle, and Mollo reported that he was so lam«
that he could not follow on, and in fact was still limping, but no marks on his person
could be found. The concussion of exploding shell so near him discouraged and possibly
may have caused his lameness. He was all right in a day or two and started on the
march in pursuit of Lee's army as good as new. All the time he was anxious to know
if we were now on the way home. He returned and was mustered out as sound as when
mustered in, and a happier man when he took the cars at Brattleboro for home was
not to be found in Company K. He lived about Swanton for a few years and then
moved away, but where we do not know. He is supposed to be dead, but when or
where he died, I have not been able to obtain any reliable information.

SILAS MOZIER

was enrolled by the selectmen of Sheldon, and counted on the quota of that town
and joined the Highgate company on the day of the election of company officers. His
age was 19, nationality French, though born in Sheldon, Vt. Was good size, five feet
nine inches tall, light hair, eyes ana complexion. He looked and appeared well enough,
and was not quarrelsome nor of an ugly disposition, submitted cheerfully to military
discipline, and seemed to enjoy being a soldier. I never saw him before the day of
the organization of our company. I observed on that day that one arm was a little
short and said to myself that he would not pass medical examination, and likely will
be rejected, but to my surprise he did pass, both company examination by Doctor
Stevens of St. Albans and regimental at Brattleboro by a United States surgeon. He
must have managed to have kept that left arm so it did not show. I had ample
reason after to be glad that he did not enlist from Swanton, and was sorry that he
was in Company K. Even his own nationality did not care to tent or associate with
him. He was sly, and it was rumored he was inclined to take things that did not
belong to him, and now and then a fellow soldier would lose money and some thought
it was Mozier who helped himself. He was outside of camp visiting the farm houses
in search of something, and his tent was often a storehouse of trash that no one
could eat or drink. There was always a code of honor among soldiers that prevented
them taking anything but eatables and drinkables to satisfy hunger and thirst, to make
a little change from the regulation diet of boiled pork and hard tack.

In the forenoon of the last day of the battle of Gettysburg while the shot and
shell filled the air, Mozier watched his opportunity and started on the run for the rear,
throwing down his gun and other accoutrements as he ran. We saw him disappear
over the ridge out of sight. Some of Company K and others nearby who saw him run
sang out, "Shoot the damn coward; see him run; shoot him," but no one did, but he
deserved it, for that was the time for each to stand up and not flinch or run away.
He returned the next day after the battle dressed with an almost new uniform on, and
sergeant's stripes on the sleeves. When Captain Blake saw this official desecration he
was mad and ordered him to take off the stripes at once, and he obeyed. Though
we did not know for certain, yet we were satisfied that he had been over the battle-
field after the fight was over robbing the dead, not only of money, but the uniform he
wore. He admitted to the writer that he had been out on the battlefield, and that he
exchanged coats with a dead Sergeant. Very fortunate it was for Mozier that our
time was then almost at an end, within a day or two, and we were hastily following
up Lee's retreating army, or charges would have been made against Mozier, and
likely would have been found guilty, not for being a coward, but for robbing the dead.

I am thankful that there were none others like him in Company K. He was
mustered out at Brattleboro, Vt., July 21st, 1863, and returned to his home in Sheldon,
Vt. His company comrades would have nothing further to do or say to
him and never so far as I know, would recognize him as a comrade. I have seen
him occasionally since the war. I saw him about four years ago in the streets of St.
Albans, and I knew him at once for that short arm and the way he carried it gave
him away. Such fellows often live the longest and likely he is drawing a large pension
by reason of injury to his left at Gettysburg.

GEORGE M. MOTT

volunteered from Alburg, Vt., and joined Highgate company September 11th, 1862, at
which time he was 23 years old, a single man, and by occupation a farmer, five feet
seven inches high, dark complexion, brown eyes, black hair, a good proportioned,
trim looking young man. George was not very chummy, and mingled but little with
only those who came from the same town. He was generally on duty when his turn
came. He found some fault about using a pick and spade at Fort Lyon when we were

738 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

detailed for work on that fort near Camp Vermont, and claimed that he did not enlist
for that, and objected to that kind of fighting. Virginia clay was miserable stuff to
handle, and he was not used to it. The soil was different on the shores of Lake
Champlain where he was born, but none of us had much of this kind of work to do.
Comrade Mott was a good, faithful soldier, and manfully and courageously performed
his duty to the end. He was mustered out with the regiment July 21st, 1862, and
returned to his home in Alburg, Vt., where he has resided since. He married and
raised up a family, taking life as it came without worry or particular desire
to become rich. I see Comrade Mott occasionally and he looks quite young yet, and
he is hail and happy. His present address is Alburg, Vt.

SUMNER A. NILES

volunteered from the town of Alburg and joined Highgate company September 11th,
1862. His age at this time was 35, and a married man, and by occupation a farmer.
Was to all appearances well fitted for soldier life. He went to Brattleboro with us
September 29th, and was mustered into the United States service on October 10th,
1862, and left us that night and we saw him no more. He returned in due season to
Alburg, Vt. I have seen him since the war, but have never asked him why he deserted.

ROSWELL OLMSTEAD

volunteered from the town of Franklin and was one of the clan from the east side
of the pond, now called Silver Lake. His age was 19, a single man, and the son of
a farmer, five feet nine inches tall, and good material out of which to make a good
soldier. My first acquaintance with him was on the day of the organization of the
company. He never said but little to any one and seldom a word to comparative
strangers, he was odd and very peculiar, hard to get acquainted with. He brought
with him a good reputation, and his general appearance was indicative of proper
bringing up. His habits were all right, his conduct upright and straightforward. Was
on hand when duty called, and was ready and willing to do his whole duty, and never
found fault. He seemed to enjoy soldier life, but he was far away from home, and
occasionally longed to be there. A little homesick now and then, but that was
epidemic and intermittent, and never dangerous. He was a good soldier, and brave,
and acquitted himself with credit and honor to his town and state.

He was mustered out with his regiment and returned home to Franklin where
he has since resided most of the time, following the occupation and in the footsteps
of his father until quite recently. I have seen him but few times since the war,
though we live in the same county, and not more than fifteen miles apart. He re-
mains at home, never attends our reunions or meets with his old comrades as they
gather from time to time in different parts of the state. I wrote him and did my best
to interest him in our proposed regimental history, but true to his peculiarity made
no reply. He bears a good reputation, and is a respectable citizen. I know but little
of his success in life, but have been told that he has ever been happy and contented.
I have been recently informed that he moved to some town in Massachusetts, not long
since, and is there residing with a son. I am however told that he has returned to
his old home in East Franklin, Vt.

RODNEY ORCUTT

volunteered from the town of Swanton at the age of 18, was bom in Swanton, brought
up on a farm in the east part of the town. Was large and tall for one so young. His
education was obtained in the district schools of the town, and had never seen much
of the world, and likely had never been away from home overnight. Was an over-
grown, green looking boy, but honest and willing. My first acquaintance was on the
day of the election of company officers, September 11th, at Highgate, Vt. His older
brother and father too, were present. Rodney was rather slow, but sure, and could be
relied upon to do whatever was assigned to him. He was of a good disposition and
kind hearted, and not inclined to boisterous and aggressive conduct, seldom wandered
from camp on personal scouting forays, and likely never took anything that did not
belong to him. He was present at roll call and was on hand when detailed for duty,
and never found any fault. He had the measles at Camp Wolf Run Shoals and was
hard sick in his tent for a number of days. Many of the regiment had measles in
this camp, but all recovered.

Rodney took part in every march and regimental raid or tramp beyond our picket
lines and generally came in as fresh as any. The march to Gettysburg of seven days
In rain and sunshine on the macadam roads or across fields. It mattered not to him,
he never faltered or fell behind. In the battle of Gettysburg was as brave as any and'
fired his gun as often, and with equal execution as the best. He took deliberate' aim
before he pulled the trigger. The fearful carnage about him seemed not to dismay or

Biographical and Historical of Company K. 739

frighten him. This was his first experience, and he did not suppose it unusual. It
Was fortunate for Company K that he was one 01 the brave boys that stood firm and
helped to win the victory on that now historic battlefield. Rodney returned and was
mustered out with his regiment at Brattleboro, and returned home and resumed work
on the farm. After a few years moved to Wheelock, Vt., where he still resides. He
married and the union was blessed with five children, three boys and two girls. If
you would see Rodney as a young man "just after the war and now, his face will be
found on page 414, also a brief sketch written by himself. See Roster.

SIDNEY ORCUTT

volunteered from the town of Swanton August 25th, 1862, at the age of 20, and joined
Company K on the day of the election of company officers. He was five feet ten inches
tall, well formed, a vigorous looking young man, his occupation was farming. Had
been educated in the district schools of his native county, was born in Sheldon, Vt.,
and his father moved to Swanton when Sidney was about one year old. He was an
older brother of Rodney, and they were very much alike in looks, ways and general
appearance. They were always together and agreed on all questions, occupied the
same tent, and stood side by side on the march, dress parade and in the line of battle.
Sidney was entirely reliable and never shrank from any duty he was asked to do,
acted well his part at all times and in all places, never hilarious or loud and boisterous,
but a quiet, steady going, peaceable fellow, attending strictly to his own business,
never meddling with the affairs of others, and hence made no trouble for the officers
of his company. The camp was his home, and the tent was his castle, and could
always be found when wanted. He was courteous and respectful, and anxious to
please his officers and be exact and faithful in the performance of duty. He was a good
soldier, brave and true, and seemed to realize why and for what purpose he had
volunteered. He was mustered out with the regiment and returned home to Swanton,
and there lived for a few years and then went to the state of Maine, and is now living
in Conway, N. H. A brief sketch will be found on page .... See Roster.

OLIVER PARAZO

volunteered from the town of Swanton about September 10th, 1862, and joined the
Highgate company on the 11th day of September, the time of the organization of the
company. His age was 31, was a married man, and by occupation a farmer. He
was born in Canada, but came with his parents to Swanton when a child, and had
always lived in Swanton and there married for his first wife a Miss Greeno, belonging
to an old time, highly respected family. Oliver from youth up to manhood had so lived
as to command the good opinion of all classes. He was an honest, reliable and upright
citizen, and conscientious in all his doings. He tried to be just to all and likely;
succeeded as well as any. At the date of enlistment he was considered honorable and
courageous, and of the kind best adapted to the exacting life of a soldier. Inasmuch
as a sketch of Oliver Parazo, written by his true and lifelong friend, Stephen F.

Brown, appears on page See Roster, and his face on page 413, what I would

otherwise say of him will be at this time mostly omitted. My acquaintance with
Oliver, living in the same village and meeting him nearly every day and being a
comrade in the same company, gave me more intimate knowledge of his true character
than others could possibly have. A pension was granted him soon after the war on
account of a rupture and other injuries received in the battle of Gettysburg. The
generous act of his government came at a time when needed, and no man ever appre-
ciated it more. He was as loyal in civil life as he was brave in battle. He was mus-
tered out with his regiment at Brattleboro, Vt., July 21st, 1863, and took the first train
home where he well knew an affectionate welcome of loving wife and children anxiously
waited his coming.

The rest of his life was in Swanton, except a brief stay in Massachusetts. His
days, though a life long sufferer by reason of injuries received at Gettysburg, were
comparatively happy and cheerful. Was content and thankful his injuries, pain and
suffering was because of service to his country. His life was honorable and he
enjoyed the respect of all, and is now missed. His comrades who knew him best
deplore his loss most. I saw him on his death bed during the last hours of his
consciousness; he realized that death was near at hand, and felt that he was prepared,
and he met the last days of his life, and welcomed it with the same undaunted courage
and heroic bravery that he evinced in battle. He lived not in vain, for in a single hour
In meeting Pickett's desperate and gallant charge, did more for his government and
country than many a distinguished citizen in a life time, in the higher walks of life.
Oliver Parazo died April 3rd, 1903, and was buried beside his first wife in the Catholic
cemetery of Swanton.

The survivors of his company and many other old soldiers stood about his grave,
their eyes dimmed with tears as the last solemn rites were performed. A comrade

740 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

raised the flag he loved so well above his grave, and we sorrowfully left him, thinking
it would be but a little while when we would surely meet him again.

LORENZO L. POMEROY, JR.

volunteered from the town of Highgate about September 1st, 1862, and joined High-
gate company September 11th, the day of its organization. His age was 20, occupation
a farmer and a single man. Was of average height, size and weight, and fairly good
looking, a hale and strong young man. His education had been acquired in the district
schools of his native town, and his general appearance indicated good birth and
careful training. My first acquaintance was on the date of the election of company
officers. He was a little reserved with strangers and slow to become acquainted with.
Mark Best, of our company, said after introducing me, that Lorenzo was shy of
strangers, was a good natured fellow and that I would find him all right. I recall
that he entered into the few days' drill on the village green in front of Johnson's hotel
with the zeal and determination to become proficient and useful as soon as any. He
was not as active as some, but made good progress in the military drill there taught.
After we arrived and were located in our first real camp, which we called Camp
Vermont, all of us soon began to realize that army life was no child's play, and that
only vigorous constitutions and faithful care would enable us to endure the service,
and return to our homes. Snow fell unusually early for the beginning of a Virginia
winter as we were told by those who lived in that locality, commenced falling as
early as November 7th, and continued all day just like Vermont weather, seven or
eight inches deep, and it was cold. We were not prepared yet for winter, cotton cloth
tents, rather poor to protect us, for boys that had been brought up to live in a well-
built, warm house, with plenty of fire to keep them warm. We, of course, knew that
our houses were to consist of cloth tents, and no fire Inside, but snow came so suddenly
we were not ready, and many suffered with cold and some contracted bad coughs
that lasted a long while. When on the picket line, a mile or so south, we did not
even have tents and made fires of rails, houses of cornstalk and straw. We were soon
on the march to Union Mills, in the night so dark that it was impossible to see where
we were going, raining fast and mud deep, roads almost impassable. We marched
during the night near to Bull Run battlefield, remained about a week, and on December
5th marched back to our Camp Vermont In another snow storm, and camped down
in the snow without tents. In a few days we again marched off to Fairfax Court House
December 12th, waited there some days for tents to arrive, camping on the cold, wet
ground until they came, and it was arduous duty all the time, picket duty out on Bull
Run and Centreville, brigade drill or regimental drill most every day, Sundays not
excepted, and on the 20th day of January, 1863, we marched to Wolf Run Shoals, some
twelve miles south. These marches and exposure and mode of living was too much
for young Pomeroy, and he was taken sick and was discharged for disabilty in Feb-
ruary, and sent home. Pomeroy was not calculated for army life. On his arrival
home soon began to Improve, but never fully recovered from the results of soldier
life. He lived a few years and died at Highgate, and is buried in that town.

MARTIN POPE

volunteered from the town of Highgate about August 27th, 1862, being recruited by
James Halloway. Martin joined Highgate company about September 11th, and was
at this time, as he claimed, 20 years old, and was horn in Milton, Vt, May 29th, 1842.
His occupation was a farmer and was a single man. He was quite forward and full
of fun, quite a loud, profuse talker, and of an excitable dispositon. Was in for most
any kind of amusement in camp, and was a little inclined to go outside among the
so-called Unionists on individual Inspecton, and visit the household and sympathize
with them because someone had stolen chickens and other things from them, but it
Martin saw any such commodity about on any of these places, some of it was sure
to disappear before many nights passed, and this was about the depth of his sympathy.
His large, bulging eyes took everything about in at a glance. I do not recall that
anyone suspected him of stealing, he only helped himself to a change of diet now
and then just for his health.

Martin was generally on hand and ready and willing to do duty, never heard of
his finding fault or kicking but once, and that was when detailed to go and help build
Fort Lyon, said that it made him tired and was not used to that kind of work, and
that there were plenty of niggers around that knew how to build forts and let them
do it. Most of the boys felt much the same way. I recall Pope by the name given
him by the hoys very soon after hearing his name called out morning and evening
at the roll call by Sergeant Morey. He was dubbed General Pope and thereafter so
called by Company K boys. To this title Martin took no offense and accepted it as
a compliment, as in fact it was. I remember that among those of Company K that
were afflicted with measles at Camp Wolf Run Shoals, Martin was one and came near

Biographical and Historical of Company K. 741

dying, and would not go into the hospital. I think it was full at the time. He remained
in his tent and caught cold, which came near ending the career of this faithful, patriotic
and valiant soldier. He recovered, marched with us to Gettysburg and acquitted him-
self with honor on that field of renown. He returned home to Vermont, was mustered
out with his regiment at Brattleboro and resumed again the life of a farmer, later
engaged in the photographic picture business.

Martin showed his patriotic devotion in civil life, tor on December 22, ,1869.
he married a war widow, Julia A. Lilley, widow of Carlos Lilley, of Company B,
Seventh Vermont Volunteers who died in the service November 7th, 1862. The mar-
riage was not only patriotic, but a happy one. Martin's health has not been good for
many years past. I have seen him occasionally, and find him the same kind hearted,
generous whole souled comrade as when we marched and fought side by side as privates
in the ranks of Company K. Martin Pope and wife now live (January, 1906), in Morris-
ville, Vt., happy and contented. A bounteous government generously giving him a pen-
sion of $30.00 per month, which will care for him while he lives. If you would see Martin
Pope look on page 416.

GEORGE L. PROPER

was a volunteer from the town of Franklin, and enlisted about September 1st, 1862,
and joined Highgate Company September 11th, the day of the election of company
officers. Proper at this time was 27 years and a married man, his occupation was
that of a farmer. He was born and brought up in Franklin, and his education was
obtained in the district schools of his native town. His age, build, vigor and good
health made him an ideal recruit for the military service then demanded at the front
His temperament was phlegmatic, and his ways rather Indifferent and careless, took
no trouble to become acquainted with the members of his own company, and his
association was mostly confined to the Franklin boys. This was his make-up, and
nothing more, for he always seemed pleasant and cordial when spoken to. I recall
him as the only man of Company K who had red hair and a freckled face. I remem-
ber, too, when we were having a regimental roll call. Colonel Randall pronounced
his name as spelled with two p's, Propper, instead of Proper; this so amused Company
K boys that afterwards we followed Colonel Randall's way of pronouncing his name.
He was an honorable man and made a good soldier; he remained with the regi-
ment enjoying its pleasures and manfully shared its hardships and dangers. He was
mustered out with his regiment at Brattleboro July 21st, 1863, and returned to his
home in Franklin where he remained for a season. I have not been able thus far
to ascertain where he moved to or whether he is still living.

ORVILLE H. PROUTY

volunteered from the town of Franklin about September 25th, 1862, and joined High-
gate company on the day of the election of its officers. His name is not on the
original roll of the town of Franklin that enlisted to prevent the draft ordered for
September 10th, 1862. He enlisted after the organization of the Highgate company,
and about the date of our going to Brattleboro September 29th. His name appears
on the muster roll dated at Brattleboro September 10th, 1862. He was at the date
of enlistment 21 years of age and in good form for a soldier. He appeared very well,,
and seemed anxious to go into the army, and remained with the company, doing
well and bravely his part to the end of our term of enlistment. Was mustered out
with the regiment at Brattleboro, July 21st, 1863, and returned to his home in Franklin,
Vt., He re-enlisted in Company H, Seventeenth Vermont Regiment, and what became
of him after am not able now to say. I have not seen him since July 21, 1863, have
not been able to ascertain if alive. He re-enlisted from Pittsford, Vt., March
31st, 1864, and deserted April 18th, 1864, as appears by Adjutant General Peck's
Revised Roster. Supposing the enlistment into the Seventeenth Vermont Regiment
to be the same Orville H. Prouty, have not deemed it advisable to look him up. I
would hope some mistake exists about this last record.

DAVID QUEBEC

■was one of Highgate's brave young volunteers, enrolling at the age of 15, and joined High-
gate company at the time of its organization, September 11th. He was slim and short,
only five feet four, but still growing, but an active, hardy, healthy appearing boy. He
was delighted to think he was going to the war. His fear was that he would be
rejected at the medical' examination but he passed all right and was happy. He was
born in Canada and of French parents in 1847, but had lived in the States most of
his life, and could speak very good English. He was a well behaved, nice young
fellow, and did his duty better than some older ones, and found no fault with the duties,
weather, or army life, took things as they came, and thought he was having a first
class time. It was his first experience away from home, and knew but little about

74-^ i he Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

the ways of the world and nothing concerning military life. His education was very
limited, but he was quite apt and acquired the necessary knowledge for soldiering as
quickly as any. His dispostion was pleasant and made no trouble in the company.
He remained with the company doing duty until March 22nd, 1863, when he was de-
tailed at his own request, and Joined Company H, First R. I. Light Artillery, with
which he remained until the expiration of his term of enlistment. He returned to
Vermont and was mustered out with his regiment, July 21st, 1863, and then returned
to his home in Highgate. His war experience was an important event in his life,
and he had improved much, and was reckoned as one of the brave, reliable boys of
Company K.

David returned to Washington after a short stay at home, and worked for the
government as a teamster, driving mules until the close of the war, and then returned
back home again and moved to Swanton, where he lived for quite a number of years,
married, and has raised up a nice family of children, all grown up and some married
and away. The others are living with their parents in St. Albans, Vt.. Comrade
Quebec has lived in St. Albans for the past fifteen years, and has been employed as a
railroad hand most of the time. He is a respectable citizen and well spoken of by
his associates. His present address is St. Albans City, Vt. A personal sketch will
be found on page .... See Roster, also pictures on page 420.

JOSEPH QUEBEC

enlisted from the town of Highgate in the last days of August, 1862, at the age of
19, as he claimed, and joined Highgate company on the day of election of officers,
September 11th. He was an older brother of David and like him, short and small,
but quick and strong, was born in Canada, but had lived in Vermont and mingled
with Vermont boys, so that he was a very good Yankee. He had been to our district
schools some, and could speak very good English, but the hesitating and broken man-
ner in which he used it made fun for the boys. He was on hand when detailed for
duty, no matter what, and was glad when the regiment as a whole or in companies or
squads made raids across our lines into the so-called neutral country among the
Unionists as they called themselves to us, but no doubt were genuine Rebs, furnishing
information to Mosby all the time, and no doubt the owners of these plantations
were a part of Mosby's bushwhackers and guerrillas that infected so often our picket
line. We had reason to think so, especially after the capture of General Stoughton,
and after our loaded wagons between Camp Occoquan and Fairfax Station had been
taken in the day time. We thought this bold capture of mules, wagons and teamsters
was instigated by these local residents, and we treated them accordingly. The more
active the regiment in these forays the better, so far as Comrade Quebec was con-
cerned, for he enjoyed them much.

The colonel, or whoever might be in command, allowed the boys to exercise more
or less discretion in the inspection made on any plantation we chanced to come upon.
The boys generally returned with something good, and never took all they could find.
Joseph followed and remained with the regiment to the end, was a faithful and brave
soldier. Was mustered out with his regiment at Brattleboro, and returned to his
home in Highgate, Vt., where he lived for some time. I have not seen or heard from him
for a number of years. Whether dead or alive I am not able to say.

ELI H. RICHARDSON

volunteered from the town of Swanton about August 25th, 1862, and joined Highgate
company on the day of its organization, took an active part in the orgaization of
the company, and was much interested in the selection of company officers. Was at
this time 35 years of age, a married man, and occupation carpenter and millwright.
He was born and brought up in Fairfax, Vt., and married Miss Lucia A. Lowell of
Fairfax, in 1855, and moved to Swanton in 1856. He was a rugged and powerfully
built man, vigorous and active at the time of his enlistment, five feet seven inches
tall, gray eyes and brown hair, a man of very correct habits, a devoted Christian and
an honorable and active member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Likely no man
in Company K more tenaciously held to and openly maintained his religous convic-
tions and the tenets of his church than Comrade Richardson. He was strictly honest
and conscientious, and practiced the Golden Rule in the army as at home, and could
not see any reason for loosening moral obligations while a soldier. He was inclined
to be taciturn and only rebuked his careless comrades by his upright and straight-
forward conduct. He taught by example rather than precept.

In his tent the morning and evening prayer was observed, and due attention was
given to the customary prayer meeting of his church in different tents, by regular
appointments. There were quite a number of the same church In Company K, and
in the regiment who co-operated with him in maintaining religious service in the
camp. He was a faithful soldier, and a most zealous' patriot, and would not favor

Biographical and Historical of Company K. 743

■wax only as the last resort to overthrow a great wrong and maintain government,
when assailed by foes within or without. He believed that slavery of the colored man
was a most wicked institution, and a disgraceful stain on our otherwise humane and
magnificent government, and had in early manhood devoutly dedicated his life in the
service of his master in the work of human freedom and equality. He, like many others,
freely volunteered responding to the behest of strong convictions. He would not be
swerved a hair's breadth from the dictates of his well educated and trained conscience,
such was Comrade Richardson.

His health was generally good and seldom absent from roll call, or asked to be
excused from duty. He contracted a severe cold at Wolf Run Shoals, and was laid up
with jaundice at Camp Occoquan or Carusi. He was quite sick for a number of weeks,
but remained in his tent, and there was attended by the surgeon and cared for by
his tentmates. He recovered and marched with his regiment to Gettysburg and
courageously did his duty during that severe battle. He was wounded by a piece of
shell on the counter charge against General Pickett's serried columns, though not
seriously, and did not leave the field until the fighting was over. He carried his arm
in a cling for a few days, and followed with his regiment in the pursuit of General
Lee's retreating army, until July 9th, when by reason of expiration of term of service,
the regiment was detached and sent home by way of Baltimore, New York, New
Haven and to Brattleboro, Vt., where Comrade Richardson was mustered out with his
regiment, July 21st, 1863. None were more thankful than he, because a soldier in the
army during the time of two of the most important events of modern history, namely.
President Lincoln's proclamation of emancipation, and the great battle of Gettysburg.

Comrade Richardson returned home to Swanton, resumed his occupation and
place in society. For a number of years he manufactured and dealt in furniture.
Disease contracted in the service and injuries received at Gettysburg developed into
catarrhal consumption, which caused his death, March 20th, 1882, A modest head-
stone marks the place where we laid him in Church Street cemetery, Swanton, Vt.,
and on each recurring Memorial Day his surviving comrades raise the Stars and Stripes
above his grave as a token of love and affection and respect, for a brave and devoted
soldier of the Republic. His widow with an adopted married daughter occupies the
old home and still mourn the loss that so deeply saddened their hearts. From the date
of Comrade Richardson's enlistment to the day of his death I saw him almost daily,
and knew him well, and I know that I have but feebly spoken of his exemplary life
and conduct. On page 415 will be seen his face as a soldier in 1862.

HENRY ROBY

volunteered from the town of Swanton about August 25th, 1862, and joined Highgate
company on the day of the election of company officers, September 11th. At this
time his age was 35, and was a married man. He was born in Highgate, Vt., December
22nd„ 1828, educated in the district schools of his native town, married a sister of
Calvin R. Hogle, of Swanton, and moved to Swanton village and at the time of his
enlistment was a grocer merchant in a small way, in the building at the foot of the
hill next to the old tannery.

Roby was an able-bodied, and to all appearances a vigorous, strong man, and
capable of much endurance. His trade was that of a carpenter and joiner, and was
called a good mechanic. Complexion dark, hair and eyes dark. He was quite an
intelligent man, though his education was limited. He had a very genial and pleasant
disposition, was full of fun and funny stories, and enjoyed the reputation of being a
likely man and good citizen. He entered heartily and enthusiastically into the new
life of soldiering and tried hard to learn the new duties that must be acquired in order
to be a serviceable soldier. Military movements and drill, the handling of guns did
not come natural to Comrade Roby, and it took him some time before he was fairly
proficient, but he submitted cheerfully to instructions and found no fault when cau-
tioned and told how to stand, step, march, shoulder and present arms, etc. He was
generally liked by the boys, and never inclined to be disagreeable or say or do any-
thing out of the way. I found him to be an honorable and straightforward man, fully
determined to do his duty at all times.

Comrade Roby after a while was detailed as cook of Company K, which was no
easy job, for three meals a day for 100, and have all satisfied, not only required labor
and skill as well as tact, for some were all the time finding fault about the cooking,
because it was not like mother's at home. Comrade Roby filled the place of cook
as well as any we had and continued as head cook until taken sick at Camp Widow
Violet some time In May. His wife came from Vermont to care for him, and moved
him out a mile or so to a house where he had more comfortable quarters, and of
course, good care. Was hard sick for some three weeks, but recovered and was soon
all right again, but not as rugged as before, but resumed his place and duty and was
faithful to the end. He was mustered out with the regiment July 21st, 1863, and, re-
turned to his home and family at Swanton, and continued for a season in the grocery
business. He moved to Highgate Springs and then to Highgate village, and for a

744 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

time run a shop manufacturing sash, doors and blinds, and then to St. Albans City,
and finally to St. Albans Bay, and there died April 14th, 1895. He was buried in the
Bay cemetery between St. Albans City and the Bay. A headstone marks his grave.
He was buried with Grand Army honors and many were present to pay their last
respects and grateful appreciation to the memory of a brave man and respectable
citizen. His widow survived him only a few years, and now their mortal remains
lay side by side where husband and wife are re-united and pain and sorrow never enter
to mar their immortal bliss. Two sons survive and reside In St. Albans, City, Vt.,
Oscar and Herbert.

On page 415 will be seen the face of Henry Roby in a war time picture on the
right as you look at the picture the shorter and smaller man. The other Bailey B.
Bronson, associate cook of Company K, and also Comrade Roby, taken a short time
before his death.

PATRICK SHAHEY

enlisted from the town of Highgate about September 11th, 1862, and joined Highgate
company on the same day, which was the day of the election of company officers. His
age was 19, birthplace, England, and occupation a farmer. His father and mother
were Irish and Pat was "Irish too," though born in England. He was the only wild
Irishman of our company, and he was a good one, hilarious and bubbling over with
Irish wit and funny rhymes and odd sayings all the time. He wrote what he called
poetry, a long jingle on the officers of the regiment of Company K, which had some
merit, because of the inborn wit and peculiar combination of words and outlandish
references, but one was compelled to laugh to hear him repeat his numerous
verses, all intended on his part as complimentary, for Pat was the last man that would
be discourteous to his superiors. He was the life of our company when weary on the
march or homesick in camp. He seemed to enjoy every hour no matter what the
surroundings, was happy himself and did his best to make others so. He was the soul
of honor in all his relations, and keenly appreciated the purposes expected of him
as a soldier. In battle, true to the Irish trait, was a bold, aggressive and fearless
fighter. During the battle of Gettysburg was cool, alert and valiant as any. I recall
with pleasant recollections his courageous conduct, for I had wondered how he would
act under fire, and so took notice of him many times during the battle. While it is
true Company K had many brave boys In Its ranks, none displayed more manly courage
in the desperate charge against Pickett's charging columns than Comrade Sheahy.
In that historic charge he fairly won a medal, though likely never asked for, or was
one awarded him. He was mustered out with the regiment July 21st, 1863, and re-
turned to his home in Highgate. His comrades parted with him with kind regards and
good wishes for happiness and success. What became of him I have not been able
to ascertain. He is supposed to be dead.

PHILIP R. SMITH

enlisted from Highgate about August 25th, 1862, and joined Highgate Company on the
day of the election of company officers September 11th. His age was 23, born in
Highgate and was by occupation a farmer. He was tall, lank and lean, but able bodied,
vigorous and strong, well fitted and adapted for the life required of one as a soldier
at this time. He was good natured, and enjoyed a joke, and was full of fun, always
ready for desultory tramping outside of camp in pursuit of knowledge that might later
be useful when anxious for a change of diet. Nothing malicious or ugly in his manner,
but with others had no confidence in the pretended loyalty of the so-called Unionists
that lived near our several camps, and excused small appropriations of sweet potatoes,
chickens, bacon, eggs, etc., on the theory that all such were contraband, and ought to
be seized, because the owners were the enemies of our government, whose rights
we were not bound to respect.

Phil was a good soldier, good fighter and a good fellow, was slow to anger,
moderate in speech, slow in his movements and considered carefully before acting'.
He was good on the march, never fell out, and would reach the end as fresh as any.
The seven days' march to Gettysburg in sunshine and storm through mud and water,
across fields of growing grain, over fences and on the gravelly macadam pike was
accomplished with comparative ease and without a murmur. I admired and almost
envied his endurance. Inasmuch as a well written tribute to his memory prepared by
his life long friend and comrade, Henry B. Meigs, appears on another page of this
book, I will omit further comment. This article written by Comrade Meigs will be
found on page .... See Roster. His picture is on page 415.

SAMUEL A. SMITH

was a recruit from Franklin, Vt., and volunteered about September 1st, 1862. My
first introduction was on the day that we met at Highgate for the organization and

Biographical and Historical of Company K. 745

election of company officers. His age was 30, but short, small and thin. He claimed
his birthplace was Chateaugay, N. Y., and was a married man calling himself an
artist, five feet four inches tall, complexion and hair light, and eyes blue. His general
appearance did not augur well for army life, and did not look like a man able ta
endure what was then required, and it did not seem to me that he would pass the
medical examination, but he did and Dr. Stevens only saying that he was a little
short. He was quite active and took considerable interest in the drills we had for
the eighteen or twenty days we remained at Highgate. He was older than the most
of us, and was wiser too, and did make himself quite agreeable. He went with us
to Brattleboro September 29th, and was there again examined and was mustered
into the United States service. I remember very well when Company K stood up in
line in that long wooden building prepared for the purpose, all stark naked for
medical examination by United States surgeons. Samuel A. was with us and had it
not been for his good running and vaulting leaps over the high box prepared for the
purpose, I believe he would have been rejected. They looked him over pretty carefully
and had there not been several of the same measure, etc., no doubt would have been
finally rejected. Comrade Samuel A continued with the company doing duty like
others all right until about the time we marched to Fairfax Court House in December.

On the march in the night from Camp Vermont to Union Mills about November
25th or the return, am not certain, Samuel claimed he stepped into a hole ajnd
sprained his ankle; no one knew anything about it only what he claimed. Prom that
time he began to limp, but no outer signs of break or sprain, and yet he insisted that
his ankle was hurt, and he complained of continuous pain. He hopped around on one
foot for a while, then with a crutch and cane, moved carefully, using his injured
foot and ankle but little. He remained in camp a long time because he was not able
to convince the surgeons that there had been any such injury as represented. He
soon began to walk on one side of his foot in such a way that he must have suffered
each step taken. All of Company K must remember how he hobbled to and from the
cook's tent, but he could eat bis share and grew fat, notwithstanding his injury.
Some of the boys were incredulous and thought he was playing off, in order that he
might be sent to some general hospital in Alexandria or Washington. Some claimed
when he was where he could not be seen, he had no trouble about walking. I only
know he limped about camp for a long time and was finally sent to either Alexandria
City or Washington and placed in a hospital. The most of us believed he was fishing
for a discharge and expected he would succeed. We saw no more of Samuel A. until
about two days after we arrived at Brattleboro on our way home. To our great surprise
and disgust into the barracks occupied by Company K walked Samuel limping still.
The boys were mad at the sight of him and began firing questions as to how many
battles he had been in, and if he had been shot in the foot and so on, made it so
warm for him that he sought protection of Captain Blake. The boys had served their
time and faced the deadly cannon at Gettysburg and endured the seven days' march,
and suffered hunger and thirst and were now home again and had no use for one
who they thought had played off. Captain Blake knew about Smith and felt about
him as did the boys, and did not try to stop the gibes so freely made. The captain
heard the disturbance, came and peeped in through the door and watched the pro-
ceedings. Smith was earnestly requested to stand up on both feet and walk a crack.
He pleaded, begged, saying he could not, but none were in a mood to be longer fooled
by him. He walked the crack as upright and well as any could and then how the
boys cheered and clapped hands and stamped feet and urged him to enlist and apply
for a pension, until we were all tired. We did him no personal injury, but had some
fun at his expense. We warned him that he must not be seen limping any more. He
walked all right after that and was mustered out with the rest of the regiment and
returned to Franklin where he remained for a short time and then moved out West.
The last heard from him was some fifteen years ago he was in the state of Missouri.

He wrote to Captain BlaKe for assistance about procuring a pension for injuries
incurred in line of duty. Captain Blake answered in substance that he had while
in the service succeeded in deceiving him, the regimental surgeon and those at the
general hospital so completely that he did not believe he needed any of his help
to procure a pension. None of us, to my knowledge, have heard from him since. We
presume he is still alive, for such as he seldom die young and quite likely he is in
receipt of a good liberal pension.

RALPH ORSON STURTEVANT

volunteered and counted on the quota of the town of Swanton, August 20th, 1862.
Was present and took part in the election of company officers of Highgate company,
September 11th, 1862. Was born in Weybridge, Vt., September 3rd, 1838. My parents
moved to Fairfield, Vt., in March, .1860. I entered Bakersfield Academy September 1st,
1860, attending school from term to term and teaching until volunteering August 20th,
1862. Was educated in the common schools (district and select) of my native town
and Bakersfield Academy. At the time of enlistment I called myself a teacher, though

746 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

brought up to the occupation of a farmer, and by trade a painter. My height was five
feet ten inches, fairly well proportioned, straight and active, healthy and vigorous,
light complexion, brown eyes and black hair, fairly well fitted for any reasonable
amount of endurance. From the day of enlistment took an active interest in all
matters connected with Highgate company, subsequently called Company K, and was
with the company and regiment from date of enrollment until mustered out July 21st,
1863. In camp studious and somewhat reserved. I was easily engaged in argument
and was quite earnest and tenacious, and was called by the boys of Company K as its
lawyer, though at that time had no thought of following that profession.

Military drill, squad, company and regimental, brigade inspection, dress parade,
picket duty and marching I enjoyed, but guard duty in and about camp I abhorred,
and generally escaped it; was quite willing to do most anything else. I was often
given a furlough to visit Washington, Alexandria, Mount Vernon, nearby battlefields,
camps of other Vermont regiments, and other places of interest. Was with the com-
pany and regiment on the seven days' march to Pennsylvania, and participated in
the great battle of Gettysburg. I came out all right, though considerably frightened
many times during the battle. I was in it and happy when the battle was over.
Have wondered many times since why I was able to remain in the ranks until the
battle was over. I had enlisted understanding fully the consequences, and realized
that in a fight the rank and file were expected to stand up, face the danger and do
their best. I have never claimed only ordinary courage, and I am thankful it was
sufficient for the crisis of battle.

My parents, Jeremiah Sturtevant and Sarah Sturtevant, were born in Vermont;
father in Weybridge and mother in Fairfield. They were married in 1833, April 12th.
Father was born in 1812 and died October 29, 1888. Mother born in 1813, June 7, and
died November 10, 1893, and both are buried in the South Main St. Cemetery, old ground,
St. Albans, Vt. Grandparents born in Vermont. Great-grandparents born in Fairfield,
Conn., and were among the first settlers of Vermont, about 1773, on the banks of Otter
Creek, within the limits of what is now Weybridge. My father's family consisted of
four girls and four boys, Orissa, Abbie, Ralph O., Mary Ann, John H., Rosaltha,
Ryland and Jed A.; all dead except Orissa, Ralph O., and Jed A. John H. died
from a mortal wound at Spotsylvania Court House, May 12, 1864, and is buried In the
South Main Street cemetery in the family lot.

I was mustered out with the regiment July 21st, 1863, and returned home to
Fairfield, Vt., and in the fall resumed study at Bakersfield Academy. The Gettys-
burg campaign disqualified me for further service. I commenced the study of law in
the fall of 1865, and was in the office with Judge Wilson and M. R. Tyler of Bakers-
field, and Edward A. Sowles of St. Albans, and was admitted to the EYanklin County
Bar in July, 1867. Opened an office in Swanton, November 11th, 1869, at this
date, January, 1909, am still engaged in the practice of law. My sketch of personal
experiences will be found on pages . . . and .... See Roster. My pictures taken In
1861 and 1864 are on page 420 and one of 1908, see Roster for page.

I was a private in Company K, carried a gun and used it at Gettysburg as well as
I could. I have never fired a gun since the battle, and have had no desire to do so.
I was a soldier, not for money or office, glory or renown, nor because I expected to
enjoy the fighting or the horrid sights and scenes of battle. I was young, single,
physically able, and my country was assailed, and I felt it a personal duty to respond
and therefore volunteered. Hundreds of thousands did the same; I commend them
for it. It was a duty. I joined the Masonic Order after enlistment and before being
mustered into the United States service, and have since the war attained many degrees
including the 32nd degree of Scottish Rights. I also joined early in life, 1865, the
Independent Order of Good Templars, held some of its offices, and was for two years
Grand Worthy Chief Templar of the Grand Lodge of Vermont. I represented Vermont
Good Templars at the Right Worthy Grand Lodge of the world at its session held at
London, England, July, 1873. I am also a member of the Independent Order of Odd
Fellows. Am still an active member in all of these organizations, to which I have
given much time and hearty support thus far. I am also a member of the Thirteenth
Vermont Regimental Association, and for one year was its duly elected President,
which position I considered honorable and complimentary. At the annual reunion of
the Thirteenth Vermont Regimental Association, held at Burlington, Vt., was elected
historian of the regiment and authorized to write the history of the regiment and
cause the same to be published for distribution. A brief genealogical sketch will be
found on page .... See Roster.

FREEMAN H. SUNDERLAND

volunteered from the town of Highgate about August 25th, 1862, and joined Highgate
company on the date of its organization, September 11th. His age at this time was
40, married, and occupation a farmer, carpenter and joiner. Five feet seven inches
tall, a well built, strong and active man, complexion light, blue eyes and brown hair.
He was born in Highgate and his education was acquired in the district schools of

Biographical and Historical of Company K. 747

his native town. Was a man well spoken of by his neighbors, of good habits, honest,
faithful and industrious, courteous, a generous disposition and always aimed to do
right. While still active, the march, drill and the manual of arms seemed difficult to
acquire, and was excused from regular duties in part, and permitted to act as company
washerwoman (in this he was a success). He did the washing for Company K and
for many others of the regiment, officers as well privates, but Company K boys came
first, charging only a small fee for his labor. He had some pretty difficult jobs,
especially when woolen shirts and seams of trousers were alive with body lice and
nits, as occasionally was the case with the careless. These body lice were called
graybacks, and were a kind that few, if any, had had any experience with or heard
about before enlistment, but our washerwoman soon learned the only way of exter-
mination and save the clothes. He would wash thoroughly, then dash them into
boiling water, and then out into cold water as quick as possible, backward and
forward a few times, was sure death as he said. His knowledge was the result
acquired by repeated experiments. This sudden change was as good as
fire and completely cleansed the garments and killed the parasites.. Comrade Sun-
derland had a tent nearby a brook or spring where he successfully and satisfactorily
washed and dried for all that applied, and he was kept busy most all the time. He
took pains not to mix up the clothing, for only a few of Company K were lousy,
and they not long.

Perhaps it would be a little invidious to caU names here as to who enjoyed that
distinction; most of you know, especially those who experienced the night exploring
by candle light in searching their garments for the cause of so much itching. Some
went to Surgeon Nichols and he said, "You have got parasites," and John MoUo, of
Company K wanted to know what kind of disease you call him. The doctor smiled
and replied, "Lice, body lice." Mollo said, "O; me know now, much no harm, them
little fellows, just make scratch all night, some." It was risky to camp even for a single
night on an old camp ground, and it was always avoided by our Colonel when he knew.
After Gettysburg hattle quite a number of us for the first time discovered a ravenous
grayback or two roaming around in search for a company or a tender spot to camp
and feast. Surgeon Nichols after the battle of Gettysburg and when the regiment had
reached Baltimore by order of Colonel Randall, returned to Washington, visited the
several hospitals, gathered up all of our regiment and started with them for Vermont,
arriving a day or so after the regiment had reached Brattleboro, among which was
Comrade Sunderland, glad and happy to grasp the hands of his comrades and patrons.
He was mustered out with the regiment July 21st, 1863, returned home to his family,
and resumed his occupation and was for many years a busy man. His son, George,
who was with him in Company K, and a few years after the war, was taken sick and
finally went to Florida seeking health, but soon died. This was a great sorrow and
continuous grief for the father. George was his dearly beloved son, and his death
almost broke the parents' heart.

Comrade Sunderland has ever lived an honorable and respected life. He Is still
quite hale, and active for one so old. I see him often. He lives in Georgia, Vt., about
two miles south of St. Albans City. A generous government has paid Comrade Sun-
derland a pension for many years, and is now receiving $24.00 per month, sufficient
to furnish him the necessities and some of the comforts of life. A war time picture
and one of later date will be seen on page 415-417, also an autobiographical on page
.... See Roster.

GEORGE H. SUNDERLAND

volunteered from his native town, Highgate, on the 29th of August, 1862, and joined
Highgate company on the day of the election of company officers at the age of 16,
but erroneously reported on the rolls as 17. He was tall, lean and appeared and looked
older than 16, was an active, fine looking young man, and appeared very anxious to
be a soldier and join the army. He was a quiet and peacable boy and at all times
did his best to comply with the exacting duties of soldier life, talked but little, and
was inclined to bashfulness and shyness. He tented with his father, and mingled
but little with the company, except when on duty, but always friendly and pleasant.
He took pride in keeping his person clean, and his clothing neat, tidy and in
order. His gun, straps, buckles and buttons were always bright and glistening. He
was a good shot, and for hitting the buUseye at target practice at Wolf Run Shoals
camp, with one other of the regiment, was excused from duty by order of Colonel
Randall for two weeks. Comrade Sunderland was taken sick with measles in camp at
Wolf Run Shoals, but remained in his tent and was cared for by his father and soon
recovered. He stood the march to Gettysburg very well, though like nearly all was
nigh tired out and used up before reaching that field. I was near him during the
battle and am now pleased to say that he was brave and fought as valiantly as any,
and won for himself an enviable name and unstinted praise from his officers and
comrades. It is difficult, as I now recall the scenes of that fearful struggle and all that
we passed through to comprehend how one so young could have so manfully and
•courageously endured such a test of Impending danger.

74^ The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

Comrade Sunderland was mustered out with his regiment at Brattleboro, Vt., July
21st, 1863, and returned home, went to school for a while, and in due season married,
and was happy. His health failing he went to Florida in 1875, hoping to re-
cover, and died there December 13, 1875, and was there buried, and re-
liable information comes from friends there that on each Memorial Day beau-
tiful flowers are scattered over his grave and the flag he so valiantly defended is raised
above his remains as a token of respect for one who volunteered that his country
might survive. A war time picture of George H. will be seen on page 417, taken with
his father while they were both in the service.

JOHN THIBODEAU

volunteered from Highgate, but counted on the quota of the town of Grand Isle, as a
substitute for James H. Donaldson, of Grand Isle, on the 16th of September, 1862,
and on the same day joined Highgate company. His age was 23 and married, occupa-
tion a farmer, born in Canada, fair complexion, light hair and blue eyes, short but
stout in build, very active and vigorous, nationality French, but could speak very
good English. Comrade Thibodeau was the happiest recruit and most vociferous
Frenchman in Company K, and likely in the regiment. He was full of the "Old
Nick" awake or asleep, not quarrelsome or ugly, but seemed bound to keep something
stirred up all the time. It was a wonder when he took time to sleep for others in
the same tent or near him surely could not sleep. He was on hand for any duty and
was willing to go on any call anywhere, night or day. He had no fear about being
shot or captured, certainly was no coward. He was inclined to be hilarious, and was
pushing and hauling some of the boys around all the time, which was not agreeable
at all times. John, on one occasion, returning from Washington and Alexandria, was
more happy than when he left camp, the cause I need not mention.

Comrade Thibodeau was never happier than when outside of camp visiting farm
houses to see if anything about could be appropriated. He claimed, especially if any
girls about, that he was a single man. He was quite cute and cunning and tried to
appear honest and innocent, but could not always succeed in this role, for chickens,
etc., were too often his ration, and were found now and then in his tent. I presume
that he bought them, if he had money, otherwise he made some trade or dicker by
which he obtained possession of them. He was a genial, generous, good natured
fellow, ever willing to divide his last hard tack, chicken or bone with any of his com-
rades. Often went on duty to accommodate some one else that had been detailed for
picket or guard duty, that did not feel well enough to go. He was never absent from
roll call, dress parade, or on the march. Likely no one of Company K had a better
time than Comrade Thibodeau while he was in the service. When cautioned or
chided would say, "I am one of Uncle Sam's boys, and have a right to confiscate
just a little hen and bacon when tired and hungry." On the seven days' march to
Gettysburg he was often seen carrying some over tired comrade's gun to encourage
and help him along. He was at his best in action, and as brave and courageous in
battle as hilarious and boisterous in camp. His real purpose for which he volunteered
was as well and faithfully performed as by any of his comrades.

He was mustered out with his regiment at Brattleboro, Vt., July 21st, 1863, and
returned to his home in Highgate, where he now lives. He has through lite been a hard
working, industrious man, having followed the occupation of a mason. I see him quite
often and he always refers to the good old days when we were in the army, and what
a nice time we had in camp, on the banks of Occoquan River. He is much the same
now, so far as happy disposition, and is bound to have a good time when out for a
day's recreation. His reputation for honesty and industry is on an average with men
generally. Pictures of him will be found on page ....

BYEON TULLER

volunteered from the town of Swanton about August 28th, 1862, and joined Highgate
company on the day of election of company officers. His age was 22, and a married
man, five feet nine inches tall, solid in build, active and strong, blue eyes, rather
dark complexion and brown hair. He was born in Swanton and his education was
acquired in the common schools of his native town. His father was a thrifty man
and farmer and Byron was his only son. He had been quite carefully and tenderly
brought up, and had lived at home, enjoyed many privileges that other boys did not.
The hardship and vicissitudes ot life he knew but little of. At the time of his enlist-
ment he was living on the Isaac Comstock farm, and near neighbor to Comrade Corn-
stock of hospital fame

About 1878 he sold the farm on which he had lived many years, and moved
to Highgate, Vt., bought out and run a saw mill until 1890, and then moved to Brook-
lyn, N. Y., and there engaged in business for a number of years. He died quite sud-
denly In 1893, and was buried in He left a widow, Fannie Jackson

Tuller and two sons, Edward and Howard. His two sisters, Bertha Stilphen, of

Biographical and Historical of Company K. 749

Swanton and Abbie Marvin, of New York, are still living. Comrade TuUer was very
much inclined to be reserved and did not mingle very freely with his comrades, except
those of his tentmates and particular friends. He was at times homesick and very
melancholy. On the whole his disposition was uneven, yet was always pleasant and
kind and enjoyed the good will and respect of all of Company K. He was promoted
to Corporal just before we started on the long march to Gettysburg. His shoes wore
■out on the march and for a while went barefoot until we arrived at Adamstown or
Emmitsburg, where he bought or procured a new pair. Hi Smith found them as I
recall in some store, but Byron reached the battlefield in average condition for fight-
ing. His pride and courage enabled him to face cannon and bristling bayonets. Pat-
riotism indeed, induced him to volunteer. High regard for discipline made him faithful
in the discharge of duty in camp, on the march, and the picket line and secured pro-
motion. He was conscientious to the cause of the Union which made him brave in
Ijattle.

JEREMIAH VANOELLETT

volunteered from the town of Swanton August 29th, 1862, and joined Highgate com-
pany on the day of its organization, September 11th. His age was 37, and a married
man. Was born in Canada, but came when a boy with his father to Swanton and
lived there until his enlistment. Nationality French, and occupation Jack of all trades.
He was six feet tall, straight, strong, lean and lank and at this time still active and sup-
ple. He had a kind and generous disposition and was always ready to lend a helping
Tiand when opportunity occurred. Was desirous of doing his full duty, and ready for work
■or drill at any time. Was patronizing in his way, and thought there never was a
man like Captain Blake.

He was the best man in the company with ax, hatchet or spade, and could build
a log house, stockade a tent, split trees for flooring, and make corduroy roads and fix
up fire places and build stick and mud chimneys, clear up camp ground, etc., better
than any other man of Company K. All of this he seemed to enjoy, and was generally
busy in doing some of this kind of work. If the cooks wanted any trees cut down for
fire wood, Jerry was the man first called. He was a very useful soldier in camp,
Tvas always peaceable and submissive, attended strictly to his own business, never
said much unless unduly harassed and bothered by some one who wanted to stir up
a little commotion. Jerry never wandered alone far from camp. He heard of Mosby
and his gang, and did not propose to be gobbled up if he could avoid it. He thought
a good deal of home and was anxious to return, and looked forward to the time with
anxiety and hope. He seemed to have the usual amount of courage and gave promise
ot facing the cannon's mouth when that day should come. I never thought him
anxious to go into battle. He remained with the regiment and performed his duties
faithfully and well and endured the long hard march to Gettysburg as cheerfully as
any. He knew with the rest that we were on the way to intercept the army of General
Xiee and in all probability would see plenty of fighting. Jerry stood up well in the
fight, until his tentmate, John Mollo, was shook up and knocked down by an exploding
shell, when on a charge from Cemetery Hill to the broken front battle line on the
left center, about sundown on the second day of the battle. Here Jerry stopped to
■console his tentmate, Mollo, on his escape from sudden death, and while doing so.
Company K moved rapidly ahead leaving Jerry and Mollo behind. Soon after dark
Jerry came and reported he had assisted Mollo to the rear, and that he was more
scared than hurt. The next day when the order was given to move up to the low
rail fence breastwork that had been placed there during the forenoon, Jerry remained
behind the stonewall for a little more opportune time, for shrapnel filled the air with
■deadly missies, and it was dangerous to move, or even stay anywhere about that part
■of the field. When the order was given to advance on General Pickett's approaching
columns, Jerry did not hear it (so he said), and when he lifted up his head to take
a look his company and regiment could not be seen and Jerry lost the honor and glory
■of standing side by side with his comrades in the famous charge, but Jerry reported
next day to Captain Blake that he started to follow and fell in with the Sixteenth
Regiment, and fought with them till the battle was over. Captain Blake inquired,
^'Did you get hit?" "No," said he, but came gol darn close to it." I thought from
Captain Blake's looks that he did not take much stock in poor Jerry's gallant fighting
In the Sixteenth Regiment. The Sixteenth Regiment was near by and in sight of us
•only a little to our left all the while, and pretty well mixed up with us when we met
and crossed bayonets with the most advanced of Pickett's dashing and valorous heroes
of many battles. None could dispute Jerry's story, nor could any one as we could find
-confirm it. He appeared a little ashamed and mortified because most were decidedly
incredulous concerning his story, but Jerry had stood up and fought well most to the
end at least, and we allowed his version to pass. He was in the line of march in pur-
suit of General Lee's army retreating to Middletown, Md. He was happy when the
-order came to start for Vermont. Jerry took good care not to be lost again. He
arrived with his company at Brattleboro, and was mustered out July 21st, 1863, and
returned home thankful that he was alive.

750 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

Jerry was not fully satisfied with the past. His patriotic zeal and undaunted
courage and the gory field of Gettysburg did not prevent him from enlisting again
December 30th, 1863. He was now assigned to duty and it does not appear that he
was ever mustered into the United States service again. He stands in the Adjutant
General's reports as an unassigned recruit. He was discharged from the hospital at
Burlington, Vt., April 20th, ,1865. What Jerry was doing or where he was, not able
to ascertain with certainty, after his second enlistment. He returned to Swanton. and
resumed his place in society, claimed he went as far as Baltimore, was taken sick,
went into a hospital where he received medical care, and was put to work and re-
mained there for a considerable time, drew pay for some time, and was sent from
there to Burlington, Vt., and placed in a hospital there. Here he remained for a
while, and was finally discharged as above stated. That he was not assigned to any
company or regiment, and did not go as far as Washington, was not able to explain
why. He supposed he was in the service as a regular soldier. He was not ever able to
say whether he was ever mustered into the United States service or not. He remained
in Swanton a few years until about 1886, then moved with his son, Joseph, to Massa-
chusetts, where he died some twelve years ago.

JAMES WALKER

volunteered from the town of Highgate about August 30th, 1862, and joined the High-
gate company on the day of the election of officers, and was mustered into the United
States service at Brattleboro, Vt., October 10th, 1862. His age was 38, five feet nine
inches tall, rather dark complexion, blue eyes and brown hair, and by trade a black-
smith and a married man. He was born in Scotland, and said his mother was Irish,
and therefore James was a Scotch Irishman or an Irish Scotchman. The peculiar
traits of both nationalities appeared in his character. I never saw a more perfectly
built and well proportioned man. The muscles of his arms stood out and appeared
as strong as bands of steel; his whole makeup indicated one of the best possible
specimens of physical development and strength capable of the severest tests of
endurance and hardship, a model recruit for the active life of a soldier. He was in
the prime of life, and his trade or occupation had inured him to continuous feats of
strength and exhaustive tests of endurance. Such was James Walker physically.

His education was limited and yet an intelligent person, quite well informed and
conversant with the causes leading up to armed rebellion. He had the wit of an
Irishman, acumen of a Scotchmen, and yet he was gentle and kind, frank, outspoken,
generous and courteous always. He never shrank from, or tried to escape duty, was
never overbearing or aggressive with his comrades, nor tried in any manner to use
his great strength to the disadvantage of his associates. He took pride and pleasure
in reciting poems of Bobby Burns, as he called him. He was ardent and faithful and
in his place at all times, was somewhat reserved, but never morose. He was cheerful,
and tried to make others the same, was sympathetic and companionable. The march,
raid, picket duty and battle had no terrors for him. The seven days' march to Gettys-
burg was made with comparative ease and without a word of complaint. I saw him
often on the march and envied his physical endurance. He was generally seen assist-
ing some tired comrade of our company in carrying his gun or knapsack. In battle
was cool and fearless, giving no attention to the dreadful carnage about him. An
army composed of such would be well nigh invincible on any field of battle. His
prowess and example inspired courage and stimulated the faltering in the crisis of the
dashing bayonet charge against the foe. I here crown him with the well earned title
of noble and valiant. He was mustered out with the regiment at Brattleboro, Vt.,
1863, and returned to his home and occupation in East Highgate, where he resided
for quite a number of years.

He died in in 18...

EDWIN C. WILSON

was one of Franklin's enthusiastic volunteers and enlisted about the last day of
August, 1862, and joined Highgate company the day of the election of officers, Sep-
tember 11th, 1862. His age was 31, and a single man, born in Franklin, and educated
In the common schools of his native town. He was brought up on a farm, and that
was his occupation at the time of enlistment. Five feet ten inches, stoutly built,
and was active and vigorous, and to all appearances well fitted for life in the army.
I remember him first as very much interested in the election of his friend, Carml
Marsh to office in our company. He was quite persistent and a determined fellow,
and had a mind of his own, and on all questions he freely offered his opinions. He
was older than the most of us, and therefore wiser in all matters, except the business
we were then engaged In, of war. He was green as the rest of us. He was mustered
into the United States service at Brattleboro, October 10th, 1862. Comrade Wilson
never ran away from duty, and yet he never refused a pass or furlough or a day or
two off to visit Washington and other places in interest. He and Adjutant Whitney

Biographical and Historical of Company K. ■ 751

were warm friends, and for a long time Comrade Wilson was detailed at Adjutant
Whitney's tent for duty, but soon after Whitney's promotion to the captaincy of
Company H, the last of January, 1863, Wilson returned to the company for duty, and
thereafter remained with them until mustered out.

He was promoted corporal just before we started on the march northward to inter-
cept General Lee's army, then marching down the Shenandoah valley on their way to
capture Washington. Though this promotion was of no particular honor, it was
evidence of the appreciation that the captain entertained for his faithful service and
Qualifications for such a position. He would have made, no doubt, a good commis-
sioned officer, but there were not enough commissions to go around, and some of
Company K must therefore be disappointed. If Comrade Wilson had continued in the
service to the close of the war, he would have been advanced step by step until
shoulder straps adorned his person. He was active on the march and could scent a
battle far away. Not a comrade of Company K who saw Corporal Wilson in the fight
at Gettysburg will question his intrepid conduct during the mighty struggle for
victory. Because of him and those like him, we were able to stem the tide and
win the turning battle for the cause of right and the Union.

Comrade Wilson was mustered out with the regiment at Brattleboro, Vt, July
21st, 1863, and returned home to Franklin where he still resides. I see him occasionally.
He is still hale and happy and with an ever increasing pride, is more than thankful
that he volunteered and served his country in the darkest days of the Rebellion. Since
the above was written Comrade Wilson has responded to Uie final call. He died in
Berkshire, Vt., in 1908.

JOHN M. WINTERBURN

volunteered from the town of Highgate August 29th, 1862, and joined Highgate company
on the day of the election of company officers, September 11th, 1862. His age was 17,
born in St. Armand, Canada, blue eyes, brown hair, five feet six inches high, but very
slim, and weighed less than a hundred pounds. He was an active boy and ready and
willing. At the time of his enlistment was an orphan and a sister was his only
relative living. His father was born in England and his mother in Ireland. Comrade
Winterburn's father moved to i'ranklin county when John was one year old, so he
was about the same as having always lived in Vermont, and in fact was in a border
town in sight of Vermont, and where he breathed Vermont air as it came from the
south. His education was in the common schools of Vermont, and his impressions
as to right and wrong and teachings as to honesty, sobriety, morality and reverence
were those that characterize the natives of the Green Mountain State. Young Winter-
bum was a very zealous volunteer. He had heard his father tell of being a British
soldier for many years, and this left impressions that no doubt made John a more
patriotic boy, and filled his heart with ambition to serve in the war of his father's
adopted country. He had the appearance of being well brought up, and at once took
active part in all matters pertaining to the new life before him.

He was mustered into the United States service at Brattleboro, Vt., October 10th,
1862. Colonel Randall detailed him while at Brattleboro as one of the regimental
markers, and he of course drew a flag to carry instead of a gun. We all remember
him on the run from place to place, the little flag fluttering in the breeze as he has-
tened to plant his guidon on the spot indicated by Colonel Randall. He was faithful
and trusty and held the position until the regiment was mustered out at Brattleboro,
July 21st, 1863. His position in the regiment was often arduous and sometimes dan-
gerous, but Johnnie, as we called him, never flinched or faltered. An autobiographical

sketch of some length appears on page See Roster which will account for my

not commenting further here. As he looked when a soldier and now will be seen
by turning to page 414.

WILLIAM A. WRIGHT

volunteered from the town of Swanton about August 25th, 1862, and became a member
of Highgate company at its organization, September 11th. He was at this time 26
years old and a married man, born in Massachusetts, five feet eight inches high,
straight, well built, sturdy and strong, physically calculated for hardship and great
endurance. He was a comparative stranger to all the boys in the company, not having
resided long in Swanton prior to his enlistment. He appeared and acted like a man
of good character and intentions, and was at all times a faithful soldier. Was not
as social and full of life and fun as Company K boys generally, but was good
natured, pleasant, and made no trouble. He was, when in the ranks on inspection
or dress parade, a fine looking soldier, neat and clean, attended strictly to business,
never lopping and stumbling about or talking when military decorum demanded
attention. He was promoted corporal from meritorious considerations. He stood the
great march from Camp Carusi, Widow Violet or Occoquan to Gettysburg, Penn., as
well as any, and showed fortitude and tenacity and determination to a sublime degree.
No one of his company looked to see how exploding shell, the roar and din of battle,
the furious charge, the rebel yell, the hand to hand struggle affected him, for none

752 - The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

of us expected that he would be overcome with fear or in any manner hesitate to
perform the full measure of duty required in battle. Nobly and bravely did he fulfil
the expectations of the officers and comrades of his company. Any man who passed
through a battle like Gettysburg is entitled ever after to be called valiant and heroic.
He was mustered out with the regiment July 21st, 1863, and returned to civil
life and was employed by the railroad and lived in St. Albans a few years and then
went West, and the last heard from him he was in Springfield, Mo. My letter to him
dated March 8th, 1905, was not called for and returned, hence, I have not been able
to ascertain if alive.

JEREMIAH H. SEARL

volunteered from the town of Swanton, coming from his home in Fairfax, that he
might go with some one he knew and liked. He had lived in St. Albans for a year
or more before enlistment, and worked in the railroad shops there, building and
repairing freight cars., etc. My first acquaintance with him was in the summer of
1861. We attended for a short time the same church and Sabbath school, and were
soon quite friendly. After I had volunteered I assisted Comrade Stephen P. Brown in
looking up suitable persons to go with us. When I saw Hub, as we called him, he
decided to go. Hub at the time of enlistment was 21, and a single man, six feet high,
solid built and a strong, healthy young fellow, gray eyes and brown hair, fair com-
plexion. He had a genial disposition, was kind hearted and generous, had been well
brought up and was a devoted Christian. He was educated in the district schools of
Fairfax, Vt. He had brothers and sisters and all have been dead for many years.

Comrade Searl entered heartily into the duties of the new life and was anxious
and zealous to become acquainted with all the duties required of him. He was quit*
large and logy, and a little awKward in drill, and in handling a gun agreeable to
the rules laid down. He was upright and conscientious as a soldier, the same at home,
and could not be induced to depart from home teachings on any account, nor would
he take part or share of the amusements, he considered wrong, or join any pilfering
excursion out among the so-called Unionists, who lived in the vicinity of our several
camps. Soldier lite did not influence him to change his creed, or code of morals. He
used no vulgar or profane language, and no one ever heard him tell a story unfit to be
heard. He had plenty of occasion during his army life to use cuss words, for he was
one of our mule drivers. If any man could drive any of those three span mule teams,
hitched to a great big wagon, heavily loaded, through Virginia mud and over corduroy
roads from ten to twenty miles a day, with a yerk or single line, astride the off pole
mule and not swear, his disposition would certainly approach the angelic.

I saw him between Union Mills, the railroad station and our camp at
Wolf Run Shoals with his team loaded down with food for the regiment who were
anxiously waiting for it, but the wagon was stuck in the mud to the hubs, and the
mules kicking and floundering in the freezing mud and water, and with all his efforts
at coaxing, scolding and jerk of lines, lash of whip, and not able to move an inch,
nor induce the mules to pull a pound and four miles from camp and almost sundown,^
and yet he used under such circumstances, no profane language. I suggested to him
that the pole mules did not respond or understand his language, and likely the fellow
that broke and drove them before they were turned over to him swore loud and long,
when he wanted them fo do their best, and if it was my job I should try it. "Very
well," said he, "here is the line and whip, go in, I will get a pole and pry up this fore
wheel and you may try the driving," We got out of that mud hole and reached camp
a little after dark. No use trying to drive mules unless they understand what is
wanted. It often happened when mud was thin and deep and mules were small and
short, that Hub's feet when astride the off wheel mule would drag in the mud, but he
then held up his feet in order to stay on.

Comrade Searl was taken prisoner on the road from Camp Carusi to Union Mills
or Fairfax Station, mules and all, but after giving him a few miles of mule back ride,
the mule tired out and fell and Hub escaped and made his way back through trees
and bushes to camp some time the next day, more frightened than harmed. He said
the mule that he was compelled to ride was poor, raw boned, and balky, and had to ride
bareback through the woods and on the jump and run. I observed that he stood up
the most of the time for a day or two when about camp, and he was careful when
he sat down, it was unnecessary for him to explain to me his trouble. We called
Hub Doctor Searl, because he was an M. D. (Mule Driver).

It was claimed that Comrade Searl excelled in this most disagreeable and exacting,
branch of the service. He had been detailed for it and would not refuse or beg to be re-
turned to his company. He continued in this branch of the service to the end, to the full
satisfaction of those in charge of the wagon trains. He was mustered out with the regi-
ment at Brattleboro, Vt., July 21st, 1863, and returned home, and in a little while com-
menced work again for the railroad company at St. Albans. In 18.. he married, and
lived very happy for a number of years. One child, a son, was born to them, now

living In The wife died and in a few years

afterwards Comrade Searl married Cornelia Morey, sister of Lieutenant S. S. Morey,
and in the year of .... Comrade Searl died and was buried in Richford, Vt. His
picture will be found on page .... See Roster.

13TH VERMONT PARTY AT HANCOCK STATUE, GETTYSBURG, PA., OCT. 16, ]908.

1. Hancock Statue. 17.

2. 13th Vermont Monu- 18.
ment on Hancock Av3. 19.

3. George D. Wright. 20.

4. J. N. Harmon. 21.

5. Z. H. McAllister. 22.

6. W. W. Holden. 23.

7. A. C. Brown. 24.

8. H. O. Clark. 25.
0. S. W. lienjamin 2G.

10. H. B. Jleigs. 27.

11. E. J. Ormsbee. 28.

12. C. S. Palmer. 29.

13. H. W. Allen. 30.

14. Albert Clarke. 31.

15. C. L. Marsh. 32.

16. Frank Kenfleld. 33.

T. F. Lonergan.

L. II. Drake.

J. G. Farwel],
Olin Merrill.

34.
35.
86.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.

Johnson.
Towne.

Mrs. A. H. Ryan.

51.

68.

85.

52.

Charles

Stone.

69

86.

53.

70.

87.

54.

71.

88.

55.

72.

89.

56.

73.

90.

57.

74.

91.

58.

75.

92.

59.

70.

93.

60.

77.

94.

61.

Mrs. E.

K. Sibley.

78.

95.

62.

79.

96.

63.

Mrs. il.

O. Clark.

80.

07.

64.

81.

98.

65.

82.

W. W. Thompson.

99.

66.

83.

K. S. Towne.

100.

67.

84.

Mrs. C. S. Palmer.

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers 753

THIRTEENTH VERMONT ASSOCIATION.

IN the early summer of 1888, a consultation among a few members of the Thirteenth
led to the following notice: "A reunion of the Thirteenth Vermont Regiment will
be held at Underhill. There will be a meeting of the surviving officers and mem-
bers of the 13th Vt. Vols., at the Custer House, Underbill, Vt., June 15th, 1888, at one
o'clock p. m., for the purpose of forming a regimental association." The call was
signed by Wm. D. Munson, L. F. Terrill, John H. Lyon, T. S. Whipple, H. W. Allen.
J. B. Ellis, A. D. White and James B. Scully.

The meeting was held as called and an association formed that has since met
yearly. The results of the re-uniting, in a formal organization of this grand old
regiment have been large. In the first place it was done in time to save the members
from becoming strangers and from entire forgetfulness of each other. Indeed twenty-
five years had so changed the personal appearance of the men that recognition in
many cases was impossible. But a renewed acquaintance and the most harmonious
and cordial comradeship has been re-established by most of those living. Even those
of our number residing in distant states have been located and communicated with
from time to time. The object of this chapter is to record a history, in brief, of the
work accomplished by this association, the places where reunions have been held
and a recital of the principal acts performed at each. The first meeting, as mentioned
above, was held at Underhill and was called to order by Lt.-Col. Wm. D. Munson.
Lieut. Albert Clarke, Co. G, was elected chairman and James B. Scully, Secretary.
Later Surgeon Geo. F. Nichols was made president; Col. Munson, vice-president;
H. W. Allen, of Company A, treasurer. An executive committee of five members
and a committee on constitution and by-laws was elected, Lieut. Clarke being a mem-
ber of the last named committee. The writer remembers a remark made by him at
the time to the effect that it might be well enough to have some rules for our
government, but he rather thought that "the small silken cord of affection would
hold us together and govern our acts." True prophecy! No rules or by-laws were
ever presented and none ever needed. Much business has been done with the utmost
harmony prevailing. No bonds have been asked or given; none needed for our men
are men of highest honor.

The next meeting of the Association was held at Cambridge June 12th, .1889.
Captain O. C. Wilder was elected president. Although this was a very pleasant and
enjoyable meeting no business of especial importance was done.

At Essex, June 18th, 1890, the third annual reunion was held. Lt.-Col. Munson was
elected president. An important move was made at this time. A committee was
elected, composed of one man from every company. Bach was to supply the secre-
tary with the names and post office addresses of the members of his company. Rev.
Geo. H. Scott, Company G, gave an address on a theme most interesting to us, Gettys-
burg."

At Waterbury we next met June 17, 1891. Ex-Governor Dillingham welcomed
us in a pleasant address and Comrade Albert Clarke gave an address on the service
of the regiment. Captain John Lonergan was elected president for one year.

At Montpelier June 15, 1892 the association next met and by this time had got
into good working condition. Lt.-Col. Brown was made president. The present secre-
tary was elected on the voluntary retirement of J. B. Scully from that office.
Comrade Wm. O. White of Company H proposed that the 13th Regiment erect a
monument to mark the grave of Colonel Randall and to commemorate the valor of
a brave and loyal man. The matter was fully discussed after which Sergeant Gard-
ner of Company H moved the election of a committee of ten to solicit funds for the
purpose. The following were elected: James B. Scully of Company A; Z. H. Mc-
Allister, of Company B; S. W. Benjamin, of Company C; John H. Lyon, of Company
D; Captain Frank Kenfleld, of Company B; L. F. Terrill, of Company F; Geo. W.
Ladd. of Company G; J. A. Stone, of Company H; Wm. W. Holden, of Company I;
and R. O. Sturtevant, of Company K. There was also appointed a committee of
three consisting of Surgeon Geo. Nichols, Wm. O. White and Captain Stephen P.
Brown to select a design for the proposed monument . The committee of ten i-eported
their organization as follows: S. W. Benjamin, treasurer; L. F. Terrill, chairman and
John H. Lyon, secretary.

The sixth reunion at Northfield June 22 and 23, 1893, was an important meeting.
Dr. Nichols offered, at the opening the following resolution — the Crst and only one
ever passed for the government of the association. Resolved — That the officers of
this association are hereby empowered to exercise the functions of their respective

754 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

offices until the close ot this reunion, and that hereafter the tenure of office of all
elective officers shall be from the final adjournment of the reunion at which they were
elected until the close of the next succeeding reunion of this association.

James B. Scully was elected president, and after other routine business was
dispensed with, it was announced by President Brown that money sufficient to defray
the cost of building and erecting a monument to the memory of Colonel Randall had
been raised and that the monument was in place. The association proceeded with
the exercises of dedication. The presentation to the regiment was made by Colonel
Brown, and accepted by Wm. W. Holden in behalf of the regiment; remarks appre-
ciative of the generous action of the association were made by Rev. B. H. Randall;
an oration on the life and work of Colonel Randall was then delivered by Lieut.
Albert Clarke. The exercises were interesting and impressive.

A pleasant incident of this meeting was the appearance before the association
of Mrs. Ila Marsh Johnson, who in 1862, as a young girl attended by her father, sang
to the officers of the regiment at Brattleboro and by them voted the "Daughter of
the Regiemnt." At this second appearance, as a mature women, now also attended
by her venerable father, she sang again to all the boys to their great delight and by
whom she was greeted most cordially. A few months later when her untimely death
was announced, an appreciative resolution of sorrow was passed thereon.

At Bnosburg Falls, June 7, 1894, the next meeting was held and while no especially
important business was done, the meeting was characterized as one of the most
delightful and pleasant in some particulars of any yet held. The attendance of our
men was large, which with the citizens filled the opera hall in the evening where the
camp-fire was held. Rev. E. H. Randall delivered an able address followed by other
short addresses. A fine program of musical selections Interspersed. The success of
this reunion was largely due to the efforts of Lieut. C. L. Marsh who was elected
president for the next year. At this meeting a contribution of $25 was voted to the
Gen. Abner Doubleday monument fund.

The association next met at Barre June 18, 1895, with an attendance of eighty-
five Thirteenth men; a good meeting. In the afternoon an excursion was taken to
the celebrated granite quarrijes by train. Wm. W. Holden was elected president for
the coming year. Voted to meet next year at Underbill on the invitation of Comrades
Whipple and Terrill, Accordingly met July 2, 1896. On arrival we were welcomed
by the booming of cannon planted in a nearby field and flags waving in the breeze.
R. O. Sturtevant of Company K was elected president. A measure was introduced at
this meeting that has proved to be of far reaching interest to the 13th Vermont.
It was as follows: Moved by H. O. Clark, ot Company D — That the 13th Vermont
Regimental Association erect a monument on the Battlefield of Gettysburg; that the
incoming president shall appoint a committee of ten, exclusive of the president,
secretary and treasurer, who shall also be members of the committee, with per-
mission to increase the number as he may see fit; that this committee shall
have full power to solicit and collect subscriptions, to select a site, to adopt a design
and to erect a monument at Gettysburg at as early a date as is prac-
ticable. An amendment offered by Z. H. McAllister, that this committee should not
incur any debt or liability for the association, and should not incur any expense
until the money to pay the same is on hand or pledged. Amendment accepted and
motion passed unanimously. Subsequently President Sturtevant appointed a committee
pursuant to the above vote as follows: James B. Scully, of Company A; Ziba H. Mc-
Allister, of Company B; Lucius D. Nute, of Company C; Henry O. Clark, of Company
D; Thaddeus S. Whipple, of Company E; Eli N. Peck, of Company P; Wm. O.
Brigham, of Company G; Chas. R. White, of Company H; John G. Farwell, of Company
I; Carmi L. Marsh, of Company K.

At a meeting of the committee held at Montpelier October 29, 1896, called by
the president, a motion was made by Z. H. McAllister that a sub-committee be elected
to select a site, inspect designs, estimate expense etc., for a monument to be erected
on the field of Gettysburg, and report to the full committee at a future meeting.
Motion was passed and a sub-committee elected as follows: R. O. Sturtevant, H. W.
Allen, C. L. Marsh, H. O. Clark and S. P Brown.

On July 1st, 1897, the meeting of the association was held at Swanton This
was the terth meeting. R. O. Sturtevant presided. Seventy-seven veterans present,
among whom were all of the commissioned officers ot Company K: Captain G. G.
Blake, First Lieutenant S. P. Brown, Second Lieutenants C. L. Marsh and Wm. A.
Cooper. The only company in the regiment whose officers all survive at the date
ot this meeting. This reunion is remembered for the general excellence of all its
exercises. The learned address of welcome by Captain Brown whom none could
excel; the full report of the sub-committee on questions pertaining to the proposed
monument; the excellent and varied selections of music rendered, and the address
of Rev. B. J. Ranslow. By vote the monument committee was continued with instruc-
tions to complete the work. Henry O. Clark was elected president.

At Essex Junction June 29, 1899. was held the eleventh reunion. Present, eighty-
two. Sumner A. Andrews was made president for one year. The interest in thesfr

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers 755

yearly gatherings of the old "boys" of the 13th does not lessen. Some fall each year,
but others are brought in so the numbers are held so far about the same. Especial
interest attached to this meeting which was due to the fact that the commitee reported
the monument in the hands of the builders, money raised for its payment, site selected
for its erection, plans being made for its dedication in early autumn at Gettysburg,
and an excursion thereto, being arranged for the association and its friends. It
may be said here that no mistake was made in the selection of a sub-committee to
do this work. From first move in 1896 this committee was at work, circular letters
were sent twice to all the members asking for contributions and giving full explana-
tions. Three journeys were made to Gettysburg in settling questions of site, design
and inscriptions. Many obstacles were met and finally overcome. September 12 word
was received that the monument was ready for inscription. Accordingly on the 14th
Col. A. C. Brown, C. L. Marsh, James B. Scully, Z. H. McAllister, John G. Parwell,
S. W. Benjamin, Wm. W. Holden and John H. Lyon went to Ryegate, Vt., inspected
and accepted the work and ordered it shipped forthwith to its destination for erection
by the contractor, J. H. Walling, of New York. The committee at once began
arrangements for the dedication on October 19 next on a large scale. Circular
letters were issued to the members with information as to special trains, exercises of
dedication etc. On October 17 one hundred and twenty-six veterans, guests and
friends took train for Gettysburg, arriving there at night, the 18th, without accident.
The next morning all were gathered at the historic spot on the field where the men
of the 13th so conducted themselves at the critical period in the great battle as to
merit the title of "Green Mountain Boys" in emulation of the men of an earlier genera-
tion who bore the name. All honor to those earlier heroes from whom we are proud
to take the name. As we approach this place — many for the first time since those
July days in '63 — with what emotions we are filled in contrasting the present peaceful
time with the tumult and carnage of the scenes enacted thirty-six years before. In
the words of another, "How changed the scene, now all is peace, sweet peace."

A stand had been erected for the speakers and seats provided for all. It was a
perfect October day, bright and balmy. The exercises were able and lofty in char-
acter, and participated in with deepest interest by all. The order was as follows:
Henry O. Clark, presiding; prayer by President W. H. Buckham of the University of Ver-
mcnt; historical address by H. 0. Clark; singing — Star Spangled Banner; address
by R. O. Sturtevant in presenting the monument to the Park commissioners; accep-
tance by commission Major Bobbins, of the 4th Alabama Regiment; address by Lieut.
Albert Clarke; singing.

In the evening a camp-fire was held in the historic village of Gettysburg, partici-
pated in by members of the 12th, 13th, 14th, 1st Vermont Cavalry and 4th Alabama
Regiments. Sumner A. Andrews, of Company E, 13th, presided. A most fitting close
to a day happily spent in roaming at will over this great battlefield, undisturbed by
shot or shell aid unrestricted by bounds or commands.

The twelfth reunion was held at Northfield, June 25th, 1900 with S. A. Andrews
in charge. H. W. Allen was elected president for the coming year and after the
■other routine business was through with H. O. Clark, chairman, submitted the final
report of the monument committee and H. A. Allen made his report of the fund for
jnonument as follows:

Paid J. H. Walling in full for monument complete $3,718.95

All other expenses, 447.93

Total $4,166.88

Subscriptions and accrued interest $4,166.88

At this time the association began to consider the question of publishing a history
of the regiment and in pursuance thereof the following resolution was presented by
Comrade Sturtevant, and after discussion was adopted. Resolved — That the president
appoint a committee of ways and means, of which John H. Lyon shall be chairman,
to whom shall be referred the matter of publishing a new regimental roster, history
of the regiment and regimental association, giving account of the dedication of the
monument at Gettysburg with addresses, etc. The same to be published under the
auspices of the association without expense to the association. Pursuant to above
resolution John H. Lyon, Stephen F. Brown and R. O. Sturtevant were appointed a
■committee of ways and means. After adjournment of the business meeting the
comrades and friends visited the cemetery and grave of Colonel Randall, where Sur-
geon Nichols gave a short address on incidents in the life of the Colonel and of our
•service in the field.

The association next met at Burlington June 19, 1901, with eighty-four members
present. President Allen in a pleasant manner bade us welcome. A report by the
ways and means committee was made giving plans and style of the proposed history
of the regiment with estimate of cost. After discussion of the subject at some length,
■R. O. Sturtevant was elected historian and directed to write and publish a full and

756 The Thirteenth Regiment ]'crmont rolnnteers

complete history of the regiment during its term of service in the war and all its
acts performed since as an association. Captain Stephen F. Brown was elected
president. At the close of the business meeting the comrades were asked to come
forward when each was presented with a pipe or a cane as they chose. The pipe to be
used V hile they ponder over the ardent comradeship that prompts these gifts, and the
cane to lean upon as they journey over the last few miles down the lane. Inscribed
on silver on the cane are the words, "From executive committee, 13th Vermont, 1901."
The members of the committee were .James B. Scully, Carmi L. Marsh and Henry O.
Clark. Through the kind thoughtfulness of President Allen and the executive com-
mittee an unusually pleasant entertainment was provided for the evening: a boat ride
on the lake, for which a steamer had been chartered and a band engaged, free of
expense to the comrades and their families. A complimentary invitation was tendered
to the Department encampment in session there at the same time, which was ac-
cepted, we think the reader can imagine the enjoyment afforded by this evening
sail on beautiful Champlain, with a congenial company of comrades and their families
and other guests. Good music and a campfire held jointly by the 13th and the De-
partment, added much to the occasion.

The next meeting of the association being the fourteenth, was held at Montpelier,
June 11th, 1902. Captain S. F. Brown presided, R. O. Sturtevant made a report of
progress on history of regiment and urged co-operation ot comrades. An invitation
from Brooks Post was extended to the association to participate in an excursion to
the Barre Granite quarries. An invitation was read by the secretary from a self appoint-
ed committee of three to the comrades and their wives who attend the National En-
campment in October, next, to spend a day in Virginia, free of all expense, an account
of which will appear in another chapter.

On motion of L. F. Terrill it was voted that hereafter the meetings of this asso-
ciation be held independently from those of other organizations as to time and place;
S. W. Benjamin, of Company C, was elected president.

July 9th, 1903, we met at Swanton for the second time. President Benjamin being
absent, Lieut.-Col. Brown was elected to preside. This, and some surrounding towns
is the home of Company K, seventeen members of which were gathered into this
meeting. A pleasant one, especially the attendant campfire in the evening held in
the park. Comrade H. B. Meigs of this company was elected president. The following
were unanimously elected honorary members of the association: Rev. B. J. Ranslow
of the Navy; Lieut. F. B. Bell, 1st Vt. Regt.; Dr. H. S. Phelps, 11th Regt., and Bennett
Turk, Esq., of Burlington, Vt.

The last regular meeting to mention was held at Morrisville July 1st of this year
with President Henry B. Meigs in the chair. This reunion of the old boys of the
13th was one of great interest. The numbers attending have grown somewhat less
as the years have passed; sixty-three answered to the call this year. After an address
of welcome by Captain Kenfield and a response by Colonel Brown, the officers' reports
were read and letters from absent comrades were listened to. Voted on motion by
H. W. Allen, That the secretary be directed to write a congratulatory letter to Comrade
Rev. F. S. Gale, Jacksonville, Florida, on receiving the degree of Doctor of Divinity
from Knox College, Galesburg, Illinois. After the names of ten comrades who had
died the past year were read, memorial services were held, participated in by Comrades
Whipple, Ranslow, Clark, Marsh, Kenfield and Andrews. An appropriate and tender
resolution of sympathy on the death of Mrs. Brown, wife of our esteemed Lieut.-Co'nT.el
was offered by Wm. W. Holden, and passed by a rising vote. A letter was read from
R. O. Sturtevant to the association relating to the publication ot the regimental history
and suggesting the appointment of an assistant to him. C. L. Marsh was elected
his assistant with the expressed wish that the work be hastened to completion. An
invitation was read by the secretary from the "self appointed committee of three"
to all of the men of the 13th Regiment who attended the National Encampment at
Boston in September, to an excursion to Nantusket and remain three days, expense free
from Boston, return to Boston. An account of this pleasure abounding trip to this
Atlantic island will appear elsewhere. Col. A. C. Brown wtih characteristic liberality
invited the association to meet at Montpelier, as his guests next year. Invitation was
accepted and time of meeting was left to the colonel. Officers elected were president,
Captain Frank Kenfield, Company B; vice-president, Wm. O. Brigham, Company G;
secretary, John H. Lyon, Company D; treasurer, Heman W. Allen, Company A;
S. W. Benjamin, Co. C, John G. Farwell, Co. I, Wm. W. Holden, Co. I, executive com-
mittee. At the close of the business meeting all were invited by Captain Kenfield to
his house, "All come and come about five." All were glad to go to his pleasant home
where we were met by the captain and Mrs. Kenfield and members of the W. R. C.
Dainty refreshments were bountifully supplied, after which cigars were enjovpd by the
boys seated on the captain's well-kept lawn as the band played to us tunes of the olden
time when we were really boys. After the music we were grouped for a photograph.

In the evening we gathered in the commodious village hall for our accustomed
camp-fire. Some were missed who were wont to meet with us. Some whose wit
enlivened, some whose oratory held us in silent admiration, and whose pathos stirred

The Thirteenth Regiment J'cniiont I'ohintccrs 757

deeply our emotions. Some are missed each year, and the places left vacant can
never be filled, for ours is an association whose tenure of existence is fixed by the
limit of our sojourn. Happily for us, while some fall by the way each year, other
comrades who have long been residents of distant states, return and re-enlist in the
old 13th Regiment, the scenes and association of which have never left their memories.
Comrade H. B. Meigs, Company K, long a resident of Baltimore, Md., who presided
at this camp-fire with grace and dignity, and whose opening remarks were so replete
with pleasant reminiscence, was one of these. Comrade C. S. Palmer, Company F,
was another who joined this year for the first time, whom we knew as a youthful
soldier and who now comes back to his native state after an absence of many years,
still strong in physical manhood and with intellectual power unabated. His was the
principal address, followed by Comrade E. J. Ranslow, a poem by W. W. Holden,
stories and talks by Capt. A. C. Fay and others, with music by the local orchestra.
Altogether this has been one of the most enjoyable reunions the regiment has held.
In fact, each succeeding year has seemed to increase the interest and pleasure of our
reuniting for a day. .

With this chapter the story of the existence and work of the 13th Vt. Association
to this date, closes. The story as written is meagre, as enacted, it was not; many
details have necessarily been omitted; much time and money have been expended,
but the expenditure has paid large dividends in satisfaction felt in work accomplished
and in the enjoyment of association with each other, the men who forty-two years ago
enlisted and went forward to their country's call as a regiment. Not only to the
comrades of the regiment but to the wives, sons and daughters these reunions have
been the source of greatest pleasure. From first to last the association has been rich
in expedients devised and carried out, in excursons, camp-fires and various entertain-
ments, and its work as well; but more than in any other thing it has been rich in men.
The following is a summary of the report of the treasurer, H. W. Allen, showing
the receipts and disbursements of the association:

Voluntary contributions % 601.55

For regimental markers 150.00

Special contributions for sundry purposes 97.55

Colonel Randall monument fund (estimated amount) 500.00

Gettysburg monument fund 4,191.42

Total 15,540.52

Amounts Disbursed.

Three granite markers showing positions of the regiment on the field

of Gettysburg $ 150.00

Colonel Randall monument at Northfield 500.00

Contribution to General Doubleday monument fund 25.00

Printing regimental roster 72.15

Gettysburg monument and expenses 4,191.42

Incidental expenses, printing, etc 567.95

Total $5,506.52

JOHN H. LYON, Secretary.

Colchester, Vt., November, 1904.

GEORGE JERRI SOX STAXXARD,

Born Oct. 20th, 1820. Died at Washington, D. C, June ist, 1886.

\"olunteered for the war April 14th, 1861. Lieut. Col. June 6th, 1861.
Colonel lilay 21st, 1862. Brigadier General Alarch nth, 1863. Brevet Major
General Oct. 2nd, 1864. Mustered out June 28th, 1866. Lost his right arm at
Fort Harrison Sept. 30th, 1864.

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers 759

HONORS TO GENERAL STANNARD.

HONORS to General Stannard, Vermont's most distinguished volunteer officer in
the war of 1861-1865. Commissioned Brigadier General March 11th, 1863; as-
signed to command the Second Vermont Brigade composed of the 12th, 13th,
14th, 15th and 16th Regiments Vermont Volunteer Infantry. This was the Third
Brigade, First Corps, Army of the Potomac, and commanded by General Stannard in
the Battle of Gettysburg, July 1st, 2nd and 3rd, 1863. History generously gives to
General Stannard the credit of turning the tide of battle and securing victory at
Gettysburg when the very flower of General Lee's army led by his most intrepid soldier.
General George B. Pickett, made its last desperate charge into the Valley of Plum Run
where vanquished by General Stannard and the Green Mountain Boys in his command.

PROGRAM OF DEDICATION.

B. J. Ormsbee, Ex-Governor of Vermont, Chairman Board of Trustees, Presiding.

1st. Music — Georgia Band.

2nd. Prayer— Rev. C. W. Cferk, Georgia, Vt.

3rd. Singing — A. J. Maxham, Burlington, Vt.

4th. Unveiling monument — Three daughters of Gen. Stannard.

5th. Presentation of monument and lot to the state— Hon. E. J. Ormsbee, Brandon, Vt.

6th. Acceptance of monument and lot for the state of Vermont and turning over
the same to the town of Georgia for care and safe keeping, subject to
any future legislation — Geo. H. Prouty, Governor of Vermont.

7th. Acceptance of the responsibility by the town of Georgia — Geo. W. Cleveland,
1st Selectman.

8th. Singing — A. J. Maxham.

9th. Address — Col. Albert Clarke, Boston.

10th. Original poem — W. C. Clark, Lyndon, Vt.

11th. Remarks — Rev. E. J. Ranslow, Swanton.

12th. Music — Georgia Band.

13th. Adjournment.

ERECTED BV

THE STATE OF VERAIOXT

TO MARK THE BIRTHPEACE OF BREVET MAJOR-GENERAL

GEORGE T. STANNARD
1908

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers 761

HISTORY OF THE ERECTION OF THE MONUMENT TO MARK THE
BIRTHPLACE OF GENERAL GEORGE J. STANNARD.

AT the session of the Legislature of Vermont of A. D. 1906, Act No. 235 of said ses-
sion was passed by the Legislature which Act is as follows, viz: —
Section 1. The sum of $1,000 is hereby appropriated for the purpose of purchasing
a piece of land in the town of Georgia not more than six rods square of the farm where
the late George J. Stannard was born and a suitable monument or marker to be placed
thereon to commemorate and perpetuate the conspicuous gallantry and heroism of the
late General Stannard during the War of the Rebellion, and more especially his gal-
lantry and heroism upon the bloody field of Gettysburg.

Section 2. The Governor shall, on or before the first day of January, 1907, appoint
three trustees, two of whom, at least, shall be members of the Grand Army of the Re-
public, to carry out the provisions of this Act, and the Auditor of Accounts is hereby
directed to draw his order for the sum of $1,000 in favor of the trustees whenever they
shall make application for the same.

On the 31st day of December, A. D., 1906 the then Governor of Vermont, Fletcher D.
Proctor, appointed and commissioned as trustees under said Act. No. 235 Ebenezer J.
Ormsbee, of Brandon, Chairman, Seymour H. Wood of St. Albans and William A. Decker,
of Georgia, who duly qualified and accepted the trust imposed upon them by said
appointment. Later on, and in the spring and summer of 1907, the said trustees took
up this matter and gave it such consideration as they deemed it should have, which
consideration resulted in the conclusion by the trustees that the amount of money
appropriated ($1,000) was insufficient to construct and complete a suitable marker,
that is, such as the people of Vermont would be satisfied with, and this being the situa-
tion, the trustees thought it would be wiser and more fitting to the memory of General
Stannard, and more creditable to the state to defer taking any action towards trying
to complete the undertaking within the appropriation; and thereupon the town of
Georgia took the matter up as a town and approprialted and paid over to the trustees
the sum of $400, it then being the judgment of the trustees that the marker could
be completed for the sum of $1,400.

Thereupon bids were solicited by the trustees for the construction of the marker
which resulted in contracting with Walter S. Judd, of Swanton, for the erection and com-
pletion of the marker for $1,090. Later the trustees contracted with Mr. Judd for the con-
struction of a fence to protect the marker for the sum of $250. Previous to this, the trus-
tees having decided upon the spot or place where they should place the marker, pur-
chased a parcel of land next to and on the east side of the highway leading from St. Al-
bans to Georgia and by the home place of the family of General Stannard and where he
was born, of Mr. Oscar P. Sunderland, 33 feet square at and for the price of $50, and
took a deed of the same to the State of Vermont, and doing all this, there was an
incidental item of expense for drafting contracts, etc., of $10, and thus the $1,400 has
been expended by the trustees, and all debts and obligations by them incurred in
and about this matter have been paid, leaving their personal expenses unpaid. The
house where General Stannard was born is still standing near to and on the east
side of the above named highway at a point about 20 rods to the south of the marker,
and in or near the southwest corner of the Stannard farm, and the house is now used
as a tenement house by the present owner of the farm.

It is possible that a less pretentious marker might have been constructed within
the original appropriation, but the trustees felt that the memory of General Stannard
called for something better, some thing more enduring, and protected as f^r ns
possible by a good and substantial fence, and they feel now that all of this has been ac-
complished; and they submit the finished product of their work to the public with
confidence of its approval. The trustees desire to put on record, and to perpetuate
the same so far as may be, in this way, their gratitude to the town of Georgia and
its patriotic citizens for their aid and the interest they have manifested in this matter

EBENEZER J. ORMSBEE,
SEYMOUR H. WOOD,
WILLIAM A. DECKER,
Trustees.

Among the prominent Vermonters present were Gov. George H. Prouty, of Ne
port; ex.-Gov. Ebenezer J. Ormsbee, of Brandon, ex-Gov. John L. Barstov. or s^' 'ii
ex.-Gov. Urban A. Woodbury, of Burlington, ex.-Gov. E. C. Smith, of St. Albirs e ' ^ '
Gov. Zophar M. Mansur, of Newport, Maj. Seymour H. Wood, of St. Albans, "nri ^V^

762 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

liam A. Decker, of Georgia, state trustees of the Stannard monument. General Theo-
dore S. Peck, of Burlington, Gen. J. H. Lucia, of Montpelier, Congressman David J.
Foster, of Burlington, the Hon. Charles W. Gates, of Franklin, the Hon. Mason S.
Stone, of Montpelier, Col. Henry O. Clark, of Milton, Col. L. C. Leavens, of Richford,
Col. Heman W. Allen, of Burlington, Judge C. S. Palmer, of Burlington, Gen. Carmi L.
Marsh, of Bnosburg Falls, Col, Henry S. Howard, of Burlington, Ralph O. Sturtevant, of
Swanton, historian of the Thirteenth Vermont Volunteers, Capt. J. N. Culver, of Rich-
ford, T. M. Tobin, of Swanton, and editor M. J. Maloney, of Richford, David Bingham,
of East Orange, N. J. A guest of Colonel Clark, of Milton, was also present.

Two daughters of General Stannard, Mrs. William ,1. Stone, of South Hero, and
Miss Georgiana Stannard, of Burlington, and a niece of the general, Mrs. Samuel E.
Everett, of Burlington, were the guests of honor.

Ex-Gov. Ebenezer J. Ormsbee, chairman of the monument trustees presided at the
exercises and after music by LeClair's Orchestra the following program was carried out:

Prayer, the Rev. C. W. Clark, of Georgia; singing, A. J. Maxham, of Burlington;
presentation of monument and lot to the state, ex-Gov. E. J. Ormsbee, of Brandon;
acceptance of monument and lot for the state of Vermont and turning over the same
to the town of Georgia for care and safe keeping, subject to any future legislation,
Gov. G. H. Prouty; acceptance of the responsibility by the town of Georgia, George
W. Cleveland, first selectman; singing, A. J. Maxham; address. Col. Albert Clarke,
of Boston;, original poem, W. C. Clark, of Lyndon.

All the speakers were cordially received by the audience and the program was
carried through in excellent taste and with a deep, patriotic spirit that manifested
itself in generous applause. Colonel Clarke's address was a scholarly and just estimate
of the essential characteristics of one of Vermont's natural, untutored military geniuses,
and was given close attention. The poem by W. C. Clark, of Lyndon, was read by
his father, the Rev. C. W. Clark.

ADDRESS BY COLONEL ALBERT CLARKE.

Colonel Clarke was then introduced and spoke as follows:

"It is to the credit of the state of Vermont and the town of Georgia that they
have united in erecting at his birthplace a memorial of the leading soldier of this
state in tlie war for union and liberty. The passing stranger may at first wonder why
such a monument stands alone in such a place, but when he sees upon it the name
of Stannard, he will know. The name preceded the monument and will outlast it.
Cato said, '1 would rather men should ask why my statue is not set up than why it is.'
No one who is familiar with the history of this country, although it is a great country
and has had many great men, will ever ask why this monument is. Twenty years ago
Stannard's statue was set upon a classic pedestal at Gettysburg. Twenty-five years
before then he had won imperishable renown upon that spot. Another might well be
reared on Chapin's farm, on the outskirts of Richmond, but the empty sleeve that
he afterwards wore and the fort that he captured and held there against the repeated
assaults of a superior force under the eye of General Lee himself, have emblazoned
his figure in a nation's gratitude and glory.

"It is an interesting fact that three major-generals of the Union army were born
and raised in these three adjoining towns — George J. Stannard in Georgia, Israel Bush
Richardson in Fairfax, and Wiliam Farrar Smith in St. Albans. Smith and Stannard
survived the war, but Richardson died of wounds receved at Antietam. He and
Smith were graduates of West Point, but Stannard had only an imperfect militia
training. All rendered conspicuous service and won high places in the roll of great
commanders.

"There was a somewhat similar instance further south in this state. Five brilliant
soldiers, three of whom lost their lives in the service, were born and raised, not in
adjoining towns, but within thirty miles of each other — Maj.-Gen. George C. Strong
in Stockbridge, Col. Frank Aretas Haskell in Tunbridge, Maj.-Gen. Thomas E. G.
Ransom in Norwich, Maj.-Gen. Joseph A. Mower in Woodstock, and Maj.-Gen. William
D. Hazen in Hartford. It would be foreign to this occasion to particularize concerning
them, but they added greatly to the renown of Vermont valor, although they did not
serve with Vermont troops. Like Smith and Richardson, some of them were in the
regular army and the others had settled in other states where they volunteered. It
was the good fortune of Stannard continuously to have lived here and to become a
Vermont volunteer, in fact, the first volunteer in the state not only in point of time,
but in brilliance of service.

"And yet he was one of the least pretentious of men. It could be said of him
as truly as it was said of Washington that his modesty was equaled by only his
bravery. Shortly after the battle of Bull Run, when offered the colonelcy of the Third
Vermont regiment, he declined it because he thought his service had been too short
to qualify him for it. By no maneuvering in politics did he ever seek to gain promo-

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers 763

tion. He rose upon merit alone and his praise was sounded by others, never by him-
self. Unlike many ambitious men, he did not claim more than he achieved, did not
detract in the least from those with whom he served, and never built history upon
imagination or prevarication. When one or two of his subordinates and one of his
superiors claimed credit which belonged to him, he only smiled and patiently awaited
the verdict of history. His truthfulness, his fidelity, his courage at all times, and his
quickness to act when occasion offered, were his distinguished traits, and they relate
back to his birth and nurture, to the soil and surroundings where we now stand,
and to generations of New England character building.

"His ancestors came from England to New England, from Connecticut to Ver-
mont and from Fair Haven to Georgia. His father settled here upon soil that orig-
inally belonged to Ira Allen. Most of the first settlers here had known the Aliens in
Connecticut and were imbued with their spirit. George Jerrison Stannard was the
sixth son of Samuel and Rebecca (Petty) Stannard, and was born in Georgia on the
20th of October, 1820, six years after the battles of Plattsburg and Cumberland Bay,
the smoke and sound of which were distinctly seen and heard here. Those events
and the Revolutionary ancestry of some of the inhabitants left a martial spirit in this
community which survived for many years. In this spirit young Stannard was raised.

"Life to the average farm boy in that day meant toil and privation, scanty educa-
tional advantages, vigorous rivalries in accomplishing tasks, self-denial without mur-
muring, stories of valor at Plattsburg, Ticonderoga and Bennington, and many a
mimic battle in which the British flag went down. Stannard made the most of the
district school and of one term each in academies in Georgia and Bakersfield, working
on the farm in summer and teaching in winter, and then he became a clerk for the
St. Albans Foundry Co., in which he became an owner and manager in 1860. From
his first residence in St. Albans he took an active part in the life of the town, especially
in the militia, and at the age of 17 he was first sergeant of his company when it
guarded the frontier against possible complications incident to the Papineau rebellion
in Canada. The state had long neglected its militia and soon every semblance of
an organized force was lost, but the military spirit survived here and there, and in
1856 we find Stannard active in organizing an independent company in St. Albans,
which was the original Ransom Guards and he became first lieutenant. Two years
later he was chosen colonel of the 4th regiment of militia, and immediately after
the firing on Fort Sumter in 1861, he tendered the -service of himself and regiment
to Governor Fairbanks and obtained the consent of the companies later. In less
than a month he was chosen colonel of the 2d Vermont Volunteers. After serving
in this capacity one year, he accepted the colonelcy of the 9th Vermont, which he
soon raised and drilled and took to the Shenandoah valley to resist Lee's advance
into Maryland.

"Unfortunately, at Harper's Ferry, on the 15th of September, 1862, his regiment,
with others, was surrendered to the enemy without a fight, by Col. D. P. Miles of the
regular army, who had command of the post, and Stannard became almost insub-
ordinate by protesting against the surrender, by begging for permission to take
and hold a height, or to cut his way out, and by refusing to sign the parole for his
men. Before long, with many other paroled prisoners, they were sent to Chicago,
where Stannard soon became commander of a brigade. It was a trying position, for
officers and men were discontented, and it took great tact and firmness to prevent
outbreaks, but he was equal to it. On the 1st of January they were exchanged, were
kept at Chicago until March, guarding a large camp of Confederate prisoners, and
then they were ordered to North Carolina, though Stannard himself was appointed a
brigadier general and greatly to his delight was assigned to the command of the
Second Vermont Brigade, which he speedily joined in Virginia.

"Up to this time there had been nothing very remarkable in his career. The same
may be said of the next three months — a time which he improved in getting acquainted
with his new command, in looking after its discipline, and in keeping an eagle eye out
for Mosby. This period revealed certain of his characteristics which tended greatly
to promote his popularity. When George W. Hooker, the wag of his staff hitched six
army mules to an old family coach found in the neighborfi"bod of Fairfax Station, and
with a few companions drove through the camp and bugled up to headquarters, the
general came out, and seizing the leading mules by the bit, commanded Hooker to
descend from the box. Hooker obeyed and walking to the general in a stately
manner offered him a coin, saying, 'When a brigadier general is willing to hold my
horses, I am not so mean that I will not pay him.' Authority yielded to fun that time
and the story goes that the boys received their discipline inside the general's tent.

"It was Stannard's theory that volunteers were to be governed by flexible rules
and common sense rather than the rigidity of the martinet. His predecessor, a West
Pointer, had tied a man up by the thumbs for neglecting to salute an officer. When
such a case was brought before Stannard he quietly talked to the man, as though
both had come from the same neighborhood, arousing no bitterness, but receiving
an assurance that the offense would not be repeated. There was a case of disputed
authority In one of the regiments. The army regulations provide that in the absence

764 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont J'olunteers

or disability of a commanding officer tlie one next in rank shall command. In the
case referred to the colonel was going away for the day, designated a captain, who
had been promoted major, but whose commission had not arrived, to command in
his stead, in the absence of the lieutenant-colonel. When the regiment was formed
for dress parade, the captain thus designated took his place as commanding officer
hut found it disputed by the ranking captain of the regiment. Each ordered the other
away and both gave orders to the regiment. The scene would have been highly amus-
ing if it had not involved an element of danger, and it was ended by the promoted
officer ordering the parade dismissed, in obedience to which most of the company
commanders took their companies back to camp. Shortly the colonel returned and the
next day the new major's commission arrived, but the ranking captain appealed to the
general for a ruling that should vindicate his conduct and soothe his wounded pride.
The general visited the camp and spent most of the time in seeing the regiment put
through an arduous drill which he had ordered. Just before departing he called the
colonel and the contestants together, and, after giving them time to mop their brows,
remarked that he was too practical a man to decide questions that belonged to the
past and would not be likely to come up again, and if they kept busy, very busy, they
would soon have a chance to show their qualifications for command by fighting the
enemy and not each other.

"His stern sense of duty, thus sometimes relaxed by humor, was also tempered
by mercy. When Lieut. Stephen F. Brown, who was under arrest for violating orders
by getting water for his famishing men from a guarded well, went to the general at
Gettysburg and asked for the privilege of participating in the battle, it was promptly
granted and the confidence was so well justified that nothing more was ever heard of
the impending court martial. Bravery and zeal and unselfishness always appealed to
him and he never kept anybody from service for the sake of discipline.

"Reaching Gettysburg just at the close of the first day's battle, Stannard's brigade
was stationed back of Buford's cavalry, near the copse of trees, which has since been
known as the high water mark of the rebellion, where it remained over night and the
next morning was massed on the south of Cemetery hill, where it supported the
batteries of the 11th corps, which occupied the center of the Union line. From this
position they witnessed away off to their left the terrific conflicts on Little Round Top
in the Valley of Death, around the Devil's Den, in the Wheat Field, the Peach Orchard
and along the Emmittsburg road, the tide of battle drawing ominously nearer their
position, until about sunset, when Stannard received an order to deploy into line
at his left and hasten to the support of General Hancock. At a double
quick they moved down the Taneytown road and then, facing to the right,
advanced to meet Wright's Georgia Brigade, which had Captured Turnbull's and
Wier's batteries and had broken the Union line. Stannard restored the line and five
companies of his right regiment, the Thirteenth, under Colonel Randall, charged and
recaptured the lost guns. Then the brigade moved a little further to the left and
took position for the night where it distinguished itself the next day.

"The story of Pickett's charge and disastrous repulse has been so often told that
I do not need to repeat it here. Stannard's part may be briefly recounted as befitting
this memorial occasion. Two of his regiments had been sent away to guard supplies,
but with the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Sixteenth, he occupied that portion of the
front line where the ermont monument now stands. Next on his right was Gibbon's
division of Hancock's second army corps, consisting of Harrow's, Hall's, and Webb's
brigades, and on his left were the 3rd, 5th and 6th corps, the last being out of sight,
east of Round Top. Behind Stannard, on a low ridge, were the Union batteries, as
thickly as they could be placed, from Ziegler's Grove to Little Round Top. The field
in front had been fought over the day before, and Stannard always regardful of the
health and comfort of his troops ordered the dead buried. He discovered that about
fifteen rods in front of his right regiment the land descended a few feet into the
shallow valley, and he ordered some rails stretched along that low crest, as a sort of
half breastwork against a possible need. The Sixteenth Regiment was deployed as a
skirmish line, covering more than the brigade front, from 40 to 60 rods in advance
along the Emmitsburg road.

"Stannard busied himself conversing with his officers, speaking cheerfully to
his men, and studying through his glass the enemy's formations so far as they could
be seen. Under the terrific artillery duel, which began early in the afternoon and
lasted an hour and three-quarters, the infantry line lay prostrate and silent. Then
Longstreets's corps of 17,000 men came into view, and when the front central line,
consisting of Pickett's division, reached the Emmitsburg road and began moving to the
left so as to have its objective point more immediately in front, Stannard was quick
to see that the brigades of Wilcox and Perry on Pickett's right, did not follow his move-
ment to the left and there was opened a gap in his line. Instantly Stannard advanced
the Thirteenth Regiment into this gap as far as the line of rails and then the Sixteenth
fell back from the skirmish line and formed on the left of the Fourteenth. The
brigade opened upon Pickett, firing somewhat to the right, and shortly after Gibbon's
division opened directly in their faces. The enemy returned the fire with both mus-

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont J'olunteers 765

ketry and artillery, the air was filled with missies, the din was such that tew orders
were given or heard, and through the thickening pall of smoke the most that we
could see was that men were falling like autumn leaves and yet our lines held firm.

"Longstreet's supporting columns were coming up but were still beyond range of
our infantry. General Hancock rode down and took position near Stannard, between
the 13th and 14th regiments, but soon fell wounded. Stannard had already given an
order to the Thirteenth to change front forward and strike Pickett squarely on his
flank, and then he ordered the Sixteenth to hasten and form on their left. The zeal
of Colonel Randall led him so near the enemy that Stannard feared that the Thirteenth
might be captured, and so he sent Lieutenant Benedict of his staff to overtake and
warn him, but before Benedict reached the line the Thirteenth was gathering in
prisoners.

"A breeze lifted the smoke and as soon as Stannard saw that the Sixteenth had
nothing more to do on Randall's left, he ordered Colonel Veazey to face about his
regiment and charge upon the left flank of Wilcox and Perry, which was rapidly and
successfully done with the aid of four companies of the Fourteenth, and by that time
the supporting columns of Longstreet had ceased to advance and were joining in the
retreat.

"While Stannard was recalling his regiments, he was wounded in one thigh by
a piece of shrapnel, but he declined to leave the field until the battle in that part
was over, his wounded were brought in, and his brigade was relieved by other troops.
Thus had transpired a brilliant manouvre which was wholly of his own ordering, and
which history recognizes as a contribution of great value to the repulse of the enemy.
Stannard received the enthusiastic commendations of both superiors and subordinates
and he bore his honors with modesty, giving most of the credit to his officers and men.

"Being busy as a line officer in the Thirtenth, I had but momentary glimpses
of General Stannard during these movements, but I remember how, with hat in one
hand and glass in the other, he emphasized his orders by gestures and sturdily faced
the destructive fire without showing the least concern. His nearness to the firing line,
his alertness and firmness were inspiring. Although we knew that we were but atoms
in a tremendous convulsion, somehow we all felt that he could make the most of us,
and he did. Officers of both armies subsequently bore testimony to the originality
of his concept in throwing his brigade into a gap in the enemy's line and to the effec-
tiveness of his impetous onslaughts upon their flanks. Col. William Allan, a Southern
historian, who witnessed the charges, said: 'Pickett was overwhelmed, not by the
troops in front, but by those on his flanks, especially by those on his right flank,' and
those were none other than Stannard's brigade.

"Before his complete recovery, General Stannard reported for duty and was as-
signed to the command of forts in New York Harbor. In May, 1864, he returned to
the army of the Potomac and was soon in command of the first brigade of the second
division of the 18th corps, which was then commanded by Maj.-Gen. W. |'. Smith,
and thus were two former townsmen, both of whom had become distinguished, brought
into a close relation. Benedict, in his history of Vermont in the Civil War, says:

" 'In the bloody battle of Cold Harbor he again greatly distinguished himself,
and was again wounded in the thigh by a minnie ball. Two of his staff were killed
and three wounded, and with but one regimental commander in his brigade left
imhurt, Stannard, wounded and alone, rallied and brought oft, under fearful fire, the
shattered regiments of his command.'

"On the 14th of June, without waiting for his wound to heal, he led the advance
of the 18th corps to within three-quarters of a mile of Petersburgh and was soon
placed in command of the first division. There he received a painful wound in one
of his fingers by the accidental discharge of a pistol in the hands of one of hla
officers, and from this he suffered so much, he was obliged to take a short leave,
but in a few days he was back at the front.

"On the 29th of September the 10th and 18th corps moved north of the James
river and Stannard was assigned to capture Port Harrison, which was on Chapin's
farm, four miles north of Richmond. Having heard tnat the order came from General
Grant, Stannard went to him and asked to have his division relieved, as it had already
led more than its share of forlorn hopes. General Grant replied: 'It is very essential
that we take that fort and I know you will do it.' This was the end of argument and
the order was obeyed with alacrity. The fort was strong, was heavily armed and
manned, was in a position of great importance to the Confederate army, and was
fronted by an open field across which Stannard must charge. Here we see another
exhibition of his generalship and his great regard tor the safety of his men. En-
gaging the guns by a small portion of his command, he moved with great celerity
the larger portion against the northeast angle, which he stormed and captured, but
with the loss of General Burnham, Colonel Stevens, and nearly one half the men in
the storming party. Once inside, they captured many of the Confederates and drove
out the rest. General Grant soon rode into the fort and complimented General Stan-
nard on his behavior and the success of his division. Stannard then fortified the
rear of the fort, which had become his front, and before the opening was fully closed.

766 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

he had occasion to repulse three determined assaults by the reinforced enemy. In
this he was greatly aided by the fact that one of his regiments was armed with
breech loading rifles, which was almost their first use in infantry. The fort was
never retaken, but Stannard's defense of it cost him his right arm. He was pacing
a parapet near the firing line, sword in one hand and hat in the other, watching
every movement of each side and cheering his men to their deadly work. Gen. Ed-
ward H. Ripley, who commanded a brigade just at the left, told me that every one in
sight was watching Stannard with great admiration and concern, and that when he went
down a groan went up from all that portion of the army. The same officer wrote:

" 'I have often said that General Stannard held Fort Harrison against desperate
odds, of men fighting under the inspiration of Lee's own presence, by the sheer force
of personal character. And there was not another division or another general of the
Army of the James that could have done it. He was an army in himself in such
supreme moments.'

"On the 28th of October, 1864, for gallant and meritorious services at Fort Harri-
son, Stannard was brevetted a major-general of volunteers. The following December,
after the St. Albans rail, and because his arm had not yet healed, he was transferred to
the command of the Northern frontier, with headquarters at St. Albans, where he
lived. In February, 1866, he was ordered to report to General Howard and was as-
signed to Freedmen's bureau work at Baltimore. The war was over and his military
career was closed. The following June he resigned to accept appointment as collec-
tor of customs at Burlington.

"In 1850 he had married Emily, daughter of Jeremiah Clark, of St. Albans. She
was a beautiful woman, as lovely in character as she was attractive in appearance.
They had three daughters and a son, all of whom grew to maturity. The son, Jerrison
Clark Stannard, died in Burlington in 1883, aged 25. Mrs. Stannard passed away
at her home in Burlington June 20, 1902. The three daughters survive,
with the men he had led. A suitable monument stands at his grave in Burlington.

"After passing through such great events as those of the Civil War, almost any
man's subsequent career seems like an appendix to a book. We read it or not, as its
importance demands or as time and inclination may serve. Stannard's last years
were spent in Washington, where he renewed many army acquaintances and became
friendly and even intimate with some of the most distinguished ex-Confederates who
were in Congress. The differences having been fought out, those men seemed to him
almost like comrades. On all public occasions in Vermont, he felt the warmth of
the people's gratitude and on Memorial Days nothing pleased him better than to march
with the men he had led. A suitable monument stands at his grave in Burlington,
the cost of which was contributed by former comrades and by grateful citizens, and
the state monument at Gettyburg, which stands where the Second Brigade fought, is
surmounted by a bronze statue of General Stannard, modeled by Carl Gerhardt, of
Hartford, Conn. This is one of the most classic and conspicuous memorials on that
field of more than 400 monuments, and is generally spoken of as the Stannard monu-
ment. Now comes this further recognition of his valor and great services, by his
native state and town, erected at his birthplace, 89 years after his birth and 23 years
after his death, and dedicated by these high officials of town and state, in the presence
of distinguished surviving comrades and this company of grateful and admiring
people. Worthy as these memorials are, I cannot help thinking that there is one
more enduring than either granite or bronze, and that is the historic record of his
great service to the country in the most crucial period of its history.

"Those deeds rose so far above the ordinary plane of life that, like the sunset
rays between yonder lake and the overarching sky, they seem to connect him with
the realm of eternal light. O, fortunate town of Georgia, to possess the distinction
for which this monument is reared! O, proud Vermont, whose heroes have made
thy fame surpass thy size! O, country, redeemed and indissolubly cemented by the
blood of such noble sons! As the generations shall come and go across this upland
scene, may the modest marker here placed serve to remind them of a modest man
whose soul expanded with his country's need, until their souls shall likewise be
exalted, and a glory shall irradiate these hills that may fitly arch with the resplendent
cene that Nature paints above the watered vale, and God and country shall be
their daily thoughts."

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

767

AT STANNARD'S BIRTHPLACE

The following original poem was read by W. C. Clark, of Lyndon.

Near to the hill whereon we stand to-day,

Full eighty years ago a child did play;

His birthplace still, the farmhouse old,
we see;

Among these fields he roamed with foot-
step free;

With neighbor's children well he loved
to meet.

And mingled with the boys at Georgia
Street;

And when his eager mind to learning
bent,

Down to the old Academy he went.

When manhood came,- he sought for hon-
est work;
In near-by town he found a place as

clerk;
Upward he climbed from where he thus

began.
Till he became a full-fledged business

man;
One of the yoeman true in which our

states abound.
Who carry with them from their native

ground
To growing town and busy marts of

trade
Integrity and courage undismayed.

With martial movements ever his delight.
Deeming it wise that men be taught to

fight.
He joined the state militia, volunteers.
Where soon his able leadership appears;
He won his men with zeal and love un-
feigned.
And thus ere long to colonel's rank at-
tained.
So Providence prepared this man indeed.
To serve the nation in a time of need.

For soon the war clouds gathered grim
and low.

And ill forebodings fell of coming woe;

Against Fort Sumter came a thunder
crash.

Throughout the North went forth a light-
ning flash;

And Stannard then, with loyal blood and
warm.

His duty seeing in that swift alarm.

Gave forth his pledge for service at the
front;

The first of all the men in old Vermont.

We read it in the books, we hear it told,
Passed on to younger men by voices old:
The cannon's roar, Apollyon's fiendish

yell.
The sulphur scented smoke, the fire of

Hell;

Upon the field an ever widening flood,
A deep and gory stream of brother's

blood;
Four years of war to purge our land of

dross.
And teach our people how to bear the

cross.

Among the foremost in the dreadful strife.
In dangers oft, and thoughtless of his life.
Our valiant hero stood, our Stannard

brave.
Who spent his strength the Union cause

to save.
Upon the line of fire in battles ten,
A soldier true he stood, and cheered his

men;
Though four times wounded, yet each

time the same
To his command again he quickly came.

At Gettysburg his rank was brigadier.
Though long delayed, the fateful hour

drew near;
Second Vermont Brigade, left center

front ;
Green Mountain Boys must bear the bat-
tle's brunt:
On came the foe, Virginia's choicest

men;
Alert and keen was our brave general

then;
He struck a blow which none foresaw

or planned;
To wheel and charge, he boldly gave

command.

As through the wood a cyclone tears its

way.
So through the ranks of Pickett's men

that day
The swift and deadly Northern bullets

flew.
Until the foe, defeated, faint and few.
Threw up their hands or turned in hasty

flight:
And so was finished that terrific fight;
For on the third long day ere set of sun
The Northern soldiers knew the field was

won.

The charge of our brigade which saved

the day
For other victories prepared the wav.
At Gettysburg the tide of war was

turned;
Vermonters there a nation's praises

earned.
By long campaigns the Union armies

won;
And thus at length the costly strife was

done;

768

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

The weary soldiers found a sweet re-
lease;

The worn and bleeding nation hailed
the peace.

Into its sheath the bloody sword was

hurled;
The war-begrimed and tattered flags

were furled;
With chastened Joy and low pathetic

shout
The army veterans were mustered out.
Northward a remnant came, with visage

marred,
With haggard face, and body deeply

scarred,
On whom the war its cruel marks did

leave;
Our hero brave brought home an empty

sleeve.

After the end of war and bitter strife.
For twenty years he lived a peaceful life;
In public service well discharged his

trust,
A citizen respected, wise and just;
Until there came to him a higher call.
As comes to monarchs great and heroes

all;
And through the gates of death he

marched at last.
Just as the vanguard long before had

passed.

Upon his grave beside the blue Cham-
plain
There stands majestic now and will re-
main.
Within the graceful modest burial plot,
A fitting monument to mark the spot.
That they who in the future come and go.
Those born in gentler, peaceful days

may know
A patriot brave and noble sleepeth there,
A soldier tried and true, a leader rare.

To-day we meet upon this sightly hill,
(Which Stannard in his boyhood used
to till,

From which ere now his kindred all have

gone),
To dedicate this monument of stone.
Erected by the people of the state.
Wherewith they fittingly commemorate
The gallant deeds and valiant service

true
Of him who bravely led our boys in blue.

Standing beside the busy thoroughfare.
Its site adorned with Nature's graces

rare,
Let this memento mark the native place
Of him whose steps in history we trace;
Attracting notice from the passerby,
Throughout the future let It signify
Vermont does honor to a worthy sou.
And praise bestows for duty bravely

done.

No more is heard the call for volunteers.
Nor on the sky the fiery cross appears;
No more secessionists our flag would

rend.
Nor jealous Hotspurs would the Union

end.
The North and South are reconciled at

last.
The erstwhile foes their friendly hands

have clasped;
In sweet and blessed peace our people

dwell.
And cheerful prophets tell us all is well.

But still our country calls for heroes

brave
Prom subtle, stealthy foes our land to

save.
For men of nerve in civic life who dare
To stand for equal rights and dealing

square.
As we the valiant deeds commemorate
Of veteran men whose prowess saved the

state,
Remember this: in war they found their

test;
And so, in time of peace, must all the

rest.

W. C. C.

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The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers 771

A TRIBUTE TO THE DEAD FROM THE GREEN MOUNTAIN STATE.

IT stands upon the battle line of the third day and marks the spot where General Stan-
nard's Vermont Brigade moved into the gap between General Pickett's Division and
his right support (General Wilcox's division) executing a brilliant and dif&cult move-
ment under fire which enabled- them to discharge volleys right and left upon the flanks of
the enemy. It is surmounted by a bronze statue of General Stannard, located on Han-
cock Avenue, National Cemetery, Gettysburg. It is hereby the monument of the 13th Ver-
mont Regiment, as appears. Just in front of this monument and between it and the
rail fence breastwork built by the 13th Regiment is where General Hancock sat on
his horse conversing with General Stannard when quite seriously wounded during
General Pickett's impetous charge. Here, too, during this charge General Stannard
was severely wounded, but he, like General Hancock, refused to quit the field until
the battle was over. It was near the spot where stood General Stannard and dis-
covered the gap in General Pickett's right flank and as quick as thought envolved
and gave the unique order, "Charge front forward on first company." Its prompt
execution secured victory then and there. The hundreds of thousands that have and
do visit the battlefield of Gettysburg, one and all, are attracted to this location. It
was in front of this monument and between it and the Emmitsburg road where the
veteran heroes of General Lee's mighty army (the very flower selected for the pur-
pose), led by General Pickett in hostile array made their last and desperate charge
to capture Cemetery Hill, determined on victory. General Lee's golden opportunity
on this field had passed. It was now a forlorn hope; General Longstreet realized it;
General Pickett when he saw General Stannard's Vermont Brigade on his right flank
and his officers and men falling thick and fast all about him manfully comprehended
defeat. Generals Garnett, Armistead and Kemper of his command had fallen and
only a few with General Pickett escaped slaughter and capture. "The high water
mark of the Rebellion was reached in this charge. A few of General Pickett's com-
mand scaled the stone wall in a vain attempt to capture cannon and the foremost
of the slain that wore the gray, marks the spot now called 'the high water mark of
the Rebellion.' " The great and sanguinary battle of Gettysburg was gloriously
closed by the brave and noble boys of the Green Mountain State commanded by
General George J. Stannard, of St. Albans, Vermont.

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont J'olunteers 773

SIXTH ANNUAL RE-UNION

OF THE

THIRTEENTH VERMONT VOLUNTEER ASSOCIATION

Held at Northfield, June 22d and 23d, 1893,

WITH ADDRESSES AND POEMS ATTENDING THE EXERCISES OF THE DEDICATION OF THE MONU-
MENT ERECTED TO THE MEMORY OF

The Late Colonel Francis V. Randall.

The Inscriptions are as follows, on front of die:

FRANCIS V. RANDALL.

Feb. 13th, 1824, March 1st, 1885.

Capt. Co. F, 2nd Vt. Vols.

Colonel 13th Vt. Vols.

Colonel 17th Vt. Vols.

COL. F. V. RANDALL.

On the 3rd base:

On the north side is:

Erected June, 1893, by the surviving comrades of the 13th Vt. Vols.

On the south side is:

CHARLES W. RANDALL.

1st Lieut. Co. C, 17 Vt. Vols.

Born May 14th, 1847. Died Oct. 20th, 1868.

PRESENTATION.

"With deep emotion and appropriate words Lieutenant Colonel Andrew C. Brown
of Montpelier, chairman of the committee of construction, in his presentation of the
memorial to the regiment and town of Northfield, eloquently mentioned the military
achievements of Colonel Francis Voltaire Randall. The editor regrets that the ex-
temporaneous remarks of Colonel Brown were not taken and kept for publication.

ACCEPTANCE OP THE MONUMENT ON BEHALF OF THE REGIMENT BY W. W.
HOLDEN, OF NORTHFIELD.

Mr. President, Comrades and Friends: —

In behalf of the survivors of the Thirteenth Regiment and the citizens of North-
field, I accept this fitting tribute to the memory of a brave man. And in their behalf
I express to you (the Committee of Construction) their satisfaction and gratitude for
the manner in which you have performed the arduous duties to which you were called
one year ago, and tender to you and the firm of Cannon Brothers our sincere congratu-
lations on the symmetry and beauty of design and the artistic taste and skill displayed
in its construction. Yet, as I gaze upon and admire its magnificence and beauty, I am
forcibly reminded that it is none too grand. It is but a fitting tribute from his late
comrades in arms to mark the resting place of one whose heroic actions in defense of
the nation's honor were grand. It is but a merited testimonial from the survivors of
the Thirteenth Vermont Regiment that the name and fame of Colonel Francis V.
Randall has not sunk into oblivion, but that after thirty years have passed away he
still lives in our hearts. His tender sympathy for those in trouble, expressed in actions
as well as words, still lives in the memory of many a comrade. His heroic acts and
emphatic language in condemnation of treason and secession and all manner of evil,
iave rung in our ears for thirty years to incite us to lofty motives and noble actions.

774 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

That he was a good officer, you all well know. That he was a brave man, his
actions on many a bloody field have furnished ample proof. That he was perfect and
had no faults, we do not claim; but that he was always true to his convictions there Is
abundant evidence. When he was convinced that the political party of his choice had
abandoned those grand principles which he admired, and espoused the cause of oppres-
sion and wrong, he burst assunder those party affiliations and gave his whole support
to that party which had espoused the cause of liberty and equal rights. While he was
not devoid of the ambitions and aspirations natural to his impetuous and vigorous man-
hood, he never looked with envy upon those who by good fortune passed him in the
race, but manfully and heroicly obeyed every order from his superior officers.

When he laid aside the garb of civil life to take up that of a soldier, he laid aside
all thoughts of the consequences and gave his all to his country. How well he per-
formed his part you, his comrades, well know.

Such work as he did does not perish with the doing of it. The conspicuous courage-
which he displayed will be cherished for all time, not only as a brilliant and noble
achievement in itself, but it will adorn the annals of Vermont as an instance of valor
which has ever characterized the deeds of her sons on the field of battle. Although he-
survived the war several years, he practically gave his life for his country.

Thirty years have passed away, and we, his surviving comrades, have come together
from widely separated homes to honor ourselves by dedicating this beautiful monument,
a free-will oifering to his memory, and by scattering flowers plucked from his own native-
hills upon his honored grave. Other nations and other times have bullded grand monu-
ments to express their appreciation and establish the memory of some great warrior
or mighty king. But it is left to us, the survivors of the Thirteenth Vermont Regiment,
to erect this column to mark with equal distinction the resting place of our brave-
colonel. It Is left to us to thus testify our admiration of one who, in those dark and
trying days, was one of us. Here it stands, and will ever stand, as a mark of remem-
brance and affection from those who were his comrades in arms. Here it will stand
as an object lesson of patriotism to the youth and little ones of generations to come.

Here at its base our children will recount to their children and grandchildren the-
pregnant history of those mighty days, and nurse to high ideals their love of country,
and plant within them eternal hatred of oppression and wrong and eternal love for
freedom and right.

And now, I call upon the citizens of Northfleld and the surviving comrades of the
Thirteenth Vermont Regiment to witness the pledge I here make in their behalf to-
this committee, which is, that so long as heroism is admired and patriotism loved,
garlands of affectionate remembrance shall annually be scattered upon this honored
grave. That so long as heroism is admired and patriotism loved, our children and our
children's children shall be taught to care for, guard and protect this monument as
something sacred.

ADDRESS OF COL. ALBERT CLARKE. SECRETARY HOME MARKET CLUB,

BOSTON, MASS.

Me. President, Comkades. Ladies and Gentlemen:

We are not here to celebrate; we are not here to mourn; we are here to com-
memorate, although the past is secure. This monument is not for the dead but for
the living. If it were an hundred feet high it could not add one cubit to the stature
of the place that our gallant leader made for himself in fame. The few feet of earth
where his body returns to nature remind us only of mortality; but we recall events in
tis career which rise to immortality. No sound can awake him to glory again, but
the glory that he achieved will never slumber. It crowns the very pinnacle of an
event that the world can never forget. And, as Mrs. Dorr has so nobly sung of the
monuments at Gettysburg, where it was given to him and to us to do our best, so it
may be said of his monument here,

"As long as stars endure And valor hath a name.

And God and truth are sure; Still shall these stony pages

While love still claims its own, Repeat to all the ages

While honor holds its throne The story of your fame."

Comrades, as I look into your changed but still familiar faces, and along the ranks
where lack of numbers is partly compensated by increase in size, and stand by the
grave of our commander between the hills that he loved and the scenes of which he
was a part, the present seems to vanish and only the past is real. The gray upon
your locks is but the dust of a hurried march, and all this varied attire is but the
festive evidence that the scouts have had a successful day across the lines. The same-

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers 775

bugles, fifes, and drums, or at least instruments that respond to the touch of the same
lips and hands, have thrilled us once more with their calls to duty. And this is the
same national emblem; not, indeed, the one which gleamed before us through the
smoke of battle and now is garnered with the other treasures of the state, but one
Which shows the added grandeur of the same union, restored and enlarged With
these associations, how easy it is to fancy that we see the long line at dress parade
or the evolutions of battalion drill, or the sturdy column on the long and weary march
or the impetuous rush amid the terrors of battle, and do we not see that elegant chest-
nut horse, with his ample flow of creamy mane and tail, moving in grace and beauty
and do we not hear his rider's clear and commanding voice, whose every tone rang
with kindness, calm assurance and unfaltering strength?

These recollections appeal to our tenderest emotions, for Colonel Randall was not
only our fighting commander, but he was our sympathetic friend, our patient discip-
linarian, our watchful and doting military father. He was not without faults and
we knew them, but his manly qualities so far outshone them all that few chieftains
ever had a more devoted following. He never asked us to go where he did not lead,
and he could not have led where we would not have followed. "Into the jaws of
death, into the mouth of hell" he sprang at need and we were with him. He even
went so far that his brigade commander took alarm and sent an officer to halt him,
but before the officer arrived, victory had perched on our banners. Critics were
silenced by his success, but if he had failed, his friends would have been friendly still,
for they saw in him the qualities which attract and hold the hearts of men.

It is fitting that such friends, on an occasion like this, should be permitted to
draw nearer to his life, recall its events and take renewed inspiration from the elements
that gave it mark.

Francis V. Randall was born in Braintree, Orange County, Vermont, February 13,
1824. His father, Gurdon Randall, was born in Litchfield, Conn., in 1795. His mother,
Laura Scott Warner, was born in Putney, Vt., in 1803. On the father's side his ances-
tors were of Welsh descent and on his mother's side they were connected with Ethan
Allen and Seth Warner — a new proof of the old aphorism that "blood will tell." His
father was a soldier in the war of 1812 and served on the Canadian frontier. When
Francis was nine years of age, his father removed to this town of Northfleld, where
the son was educated in the public schools. Subsequently he studied at Chester
Academy, which was then in charge of Ambrose A. Ranney, who has since been a
distinguished lawyer and member of Congress from Boston. Then he studied law in
the office of the late Hon. Heman Carpenter of Northfield, in which town and in Rox-
bury he practiced until 1859, when he removed to Montpelier, where he continued in
practice until the spring of 1861. During this time he had attained high rank as a
practitioner and was engaged In many important cases, some of which attracted more
than local attention. For profound learning in the law he did not rank with such
of his contemporaries as Lucius B. Peck, Timothy P. Redfield or Charles Reed, who
were all his seniors, and he did not rank with Paul Dillingham, Stoddard B. Colby,
and Charles H. Joyce for forensic eloquence, but for astuteness in planning and tact
in conducting the trial of causes, he was, to say the least, the peer of any of them.
His success was due to masterful preparation of evidence, to skill in the examination
of witnesses and to an earnestness in argument which seemed born of conviction. In
politics he was a democrat, until the war broke out, and as such he was elected from
Roxbury to the legislature and appointed postmaster at Northfield by President Pierce.
During the war he voted as he shot, and after it, so far as I know, he was a republican.

Within one month after Fort Sunter was fired upon, he abandoned one of the
largest dockets in Washington county and recruited and drilled a company, which
became Company F in the Second Vermont Volunteer Infantry. He commanded this
company in the battles of Bull Run, Lee's Mills, Williamsburg, Golding's Farm, Savage
Station and White Oak Swamp, and in all of them he won commendation from his
superiors for bravery and tactical skill. He became popular in his company, regiment
and brigade, but this favor was not without its trials. The army is not a democracy.
Vacancies above him were slow to occur, and in July, 1862, he was sent to Vermont
to raise new troops. Companies were formed in the counties of Washington, Chitten-
den, Lamoille and Franklin, which organized as the Thirteenth Regiment of Vermont
Volunteer Infantry, and he was chosen colonel.

From the moment that this regiment went into rendezvous at Brattleboro until
the expiration of its term, he gave it the discipline of service. He was eager for achieve-
ment, and holiday soldiers did not like him. But he looked out for the comfort and
safety of his men and never forgot to secure for them the utmost of supplies, of preced-
ence and of credit to which they were entitled. He was not a strict adherent to regula-
tions, especially In the matter of promotions, and for this he suffered somewhat in the
estimation of those who were disappointed; but duty overcame disquiet, and in the
first emergency he gave the best opportunities to those who had felt ill treated. To
their lasting credit be it said, they were loyal to his command and equal to their oppor-
tunities.

"]"](> The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

No sooner was the Thirteenth roustered out than he began recruiting for the Seven-
teenth. This was a long and tedious task, because most of those whom the government
deemed fit for duty were either already at the front or had rendered, as they thought,
their share of service. The need, however, was so great, that long before the regiment
had reached the size that entitled it to a colonel, it was hurried to the front, thrown
into action before it had even had a battalion drill, and under its successive lieutenant-
colonels — Cummings, Eaton and Knapp, and Major Reynolds, all but one of whom were
killed — it participated in more great oattles and lost more men than any other regiment
of the Union army that had been no longer in service. Five of its ten captains, its
adjutant and several of its lieutenants, one of whom was the Colonel's son, had served
In the Thirteenth. Finally, more recruits having been secured, the Colonel was per-
mitted to be mustered in on the 27th of October, 1864, and was soon placed in com-
mand of Fort Davis and a brigade, near Petersburg, in which position, subject to
frequent annoyances from the enemy, he was compelled to remain in comparative
inaction for about four months. When the spring campaign opened, he and his
regiment participated in the closing scenes of the war, took part in the great review
at Washington, and returned to civil life only because there was no more fighting to
be done.

Colonel Randall resumed the practice of law in Montpelier. But many things,
like himself, had changed. It was a tame and hum-drum life. He panted for the
open air and removed to a farm in Brookfleld, and finally returned to Northfield,
where he engaged in various activities. During the closing winters of his life he
travelled about the State somewhat, giving before Grand Army Posts, by their request,
some very vivid descriptions of the battle of Gettysburg, and he was listened to with
great interest and rapturously applauded, not so much for what he said as for what
he had done. It was on his return from a visit of this kind that a severe cold aggra-
vated an injury which he had received in the service, and as a result he died in North:
field. March 1, 1885, at the age of 61.

He had been twice married, first to Caroline E. Andrus of Massachusetts, by whom
he had two sons, Charles W. and Francis V., Jr. The former was a second lieutenant
in both the Thirteenth and Seventeeth, and is believed to be the youngest commissioned
officer in the Union Army. He was cool and brave in battle, although only 16 or 17
years of age. He died shortly after the war from the effects of smallpox, which it
was believed he had taken from infected clothing, supposed to have been sent to Wash-
ington In part execution of an infamous Confederate plot. The younger son, who
was a drummer boy in the Thirteenth, and was also a daring scout and familiarly
known to the whole regiment as "Little Jimmy", now resides in Putnam, Conn.

Early in 1864, while raising the Seventeenth regiment. Colonel Randall married
Fannie E. Colby of New Hampshire, by whom, also, he had two sons. Phil Sheridan,
the elder, graduated at Norwich University and is now a lawyer in Bllendale, North
Dakota. Luther Volney, the younger, is living with his mother, in South Dakota.

Of his brothers and sisters — all of whom enjoyed prominence in their respective
localities — only two are now living, the Rev. Edward H. Randall of Poultney and Mrs.
Charles H. Joyce of Rutland.

In stature Colonel Randall was 5 feet 71/, inches and his weight was about 160
pounds. His eyes were blue and his hair and beard a dark brown. The latter was
worn as a moustache and imperial. There were few better horsemen in the army.
Mental and physical activity, love of enterprise and good fellowship, were his prominent
characteristics. He was fond of music, and in early life was a good amateur player
upon the violin. He attached importance to good music and to all possible sociability
in the army. He believed that the happier men were, the more they would endure
and the better they would fight. I have alluded to the magnetic and inspiring quality
of his voice. Every man who served under him will testify to its sustaining effect in
moments of peril. Many now present will recall the night of Stuart's raid upon Fair-
fax Court House, in December, 1862. Colonel Randall was in Alexandria. The long
roll called us from our bunks into line of battle, and we were led on the double quick
by Lieutenant Colonel Brown to a rifle pit that crossed the Alexandria pike east of
the town. The approach over the frozen ground of a large body of the enemy's cavalry
was distinctly heard. A small detachment charged down the pike, but were repulsed
by jur skirmishers. Positions having thus been verified, we expected an immediate
attack in force and our feelings can be better Imagined than described. But instead
of the attack, a single horseman came down at full gallop, halted a moment at the
skirmish line and then dashed within our lines. We were electrified to hear the voice
of Colonel Randall, and have never ceased to be astonished that he could run fhe
gauntlet of the enemy and come safely to his friends from the enemy's direction. We
had confidence in our other olflcers, but somehow the relief that came with his calm
tones will never be forgotten.

The tact and readiness which characterized him at the bar were even more notice-
able in the army. An incident illustrative of this, and which, so far as I know, has
never been recorded in history, occurred at Gettysburg on the morning of the second
day of the battle, when his regiment with many others was supporting batteries on

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers JJJ

Cemetery Hill. A Pennsylvania regiment further to the right and front broke in a
panic and came pouring back near our position. Colonel Randall put spurs to his
horse and with outstretched arms intercepted squad after squad and helped their
officers restore the line. Then he both rebuked and reassured them, saying among
other things, loudly enough for us to hear — and I have always thought he said it more
for our benefit than for theirs — "Aren't you ashamed of yourselves, old troops, run-
ning away from a little shelling? Look at my boys, most of them never under fire
before, and there they stand as firm as rocks." No one can ever know how much the
country was indebted to him for thus aiding to check an incipient rout at a critical
moment, in the very center of our army, and for the strength which he thus incidentally
gave to his own and other adjacent troops.

Again, he always acted upon the principle that it is the duty of a leader to lead.
When his horse was shot beneath him on the charge to recapture the battery, he ex-
tricated himself as soon as possible and ran with all speed until he had overtaken
the line and placed himself in front of the colors. The same was true the next day,
during the famous movement upon Pickett's flank. After the enemy had unmasked
our front, he gave the order to change front forward on the first company; but the
din was so great that the order was not heard; so he sent word to the captains of
the left wing and moved along the right wing himself, saying: "By the right flank,
follow me." And thus he led to very close quarters with the enemy and wheeled his
regiment by companies into line. It may be doubted if anything less than such actual
leadership, adapting commands to conditions, would have crowned with success such
a difficult and dangerous movement.

He was not only an adroit leader and brave fighter, but he was also a merciful
man. He saw before his men did that Pickett's men were throwing down their arms
and he gave the order to cease firing. The order was not heard and thereupon he
broke through his line and faced it, waving his hat and sword and shouting until he
was understood. By thus seeking to save the lives of enemies, he exposed his own
life, not onl.v to their iBre, but to that of his own men and of the Union troop at right
angles with them just above. Fortunately he was spared and he went among the
struggling Confederates and brought 243 of them within our line, most of whom and
doubtless many more would have lost their lives but for his brave and timely act.

Such comrades, were some of the characteristics and services of our distinguished
friend, better than almost any others, we knew his worth. History, even the history
that exalts others, accords to him just eminence; but I have long felt, and I believe
that you feel so too, that the rivalries for rank and honor during and since the war,
and the misfortune of his not having been able to lead In the battles of 1864 the*
regiment that he had raised, deprived him of that complete success and higher rank
to which he was entitled. But be this as it may, the book Is closed. Few men equal
their opportunities. He equaled his and would easily have equalled greater. All
human responsibility ends there.

O, grave, where is thy victory? Thou art but a crucible, whose office is to change
and not destroy. All life shall live. We see not the immortal part that follows thee,
but the immortal part which goes before is noble service for the world. The memory
that irradiates this spot enlarges as we go away. "For to famous men," said Pericles
over the Athenians who died in the Peloponnesian war, "all the earth is a sepulchre —
not wherein they lie buried, so much as wherein their glory is laid up, upon all occasions,
both of speech and of action, to be remembered forever."

But, is glory all? O, no, indeed. Glory may be common, and its just measure
Is sometimes enlarged by favor. The memory that lives is the memory that leads.
The service which connects with an undying cause, and which o'erleaps the bounds
of mere duty and perils all for the utmost, transmits a voice, as by a phonograph,
which will go ringing through the halls of time. When Randall, being asked by Han-
cock If he could retake a battery, replied, "We will do it or die trying," the keynote
of his success was sounded, and we hear it still. And so in future emergencies, when
something dangerous or great awaits the doing, long may our children and our child-
ren's children, to the remotest generations, rise to the dignity of their inheritance
and say, "We will do it or die trying."

BY D. S. STODDARD.

Dark clouds hung o'er the Southern A cyclone gathered all its force

sky And swept the nation clean;

In eighteen sixty-one. Her forts and arsenals were lost

A nation gazed in agony As though they'd never been.

And cried, "What shall be done?"

Her ships were spirited away,

The storm-swept wave was at its height, Her guns were missing too;

Secession was the cry; And a great nation quivering lay,

And not one single ray of light Scarce knowing what to do.

Shone from that darkened sky.

778

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

The Southrons asked one little whim

To just be "let alone,"
And they'd dissolve the Union in

A process of their own.

The Southern States then merrily

Seceded one by one,
And raised their banner boastingly

When e'er the deed was done.

They wanted Sumter tor their own
They wanted Moultrie, too,

And gave the gallant Anderson
A taste of what they'd do.

Weak kneed ones said the South must
go,
'Twill never do to fight;
Those warlike southern bloods, you
know
Would whip us out of sight.

The president and congressmen

Were standing all aghast,
Because the ship of state just then

Was going to pieces fast.

"Who shall calm the angry storm

And bid the tumult cease?
Who the mighty task perform"

And gi"ve us lasting peace?

Ah, look! A brilliant ray of light
Shines o'er that darkened sky —

A new-made president in sight;
He'll know the reason why.

His voice rang out in tones that gave
No vague, uncertain sound;

It thrilled alike the gay and grave
Throughout the nation's bound.

"We want five hundred thousand boys

To this rebellion quell;
For in this glorious land of ours

Two nations cannot dwell.

Glad Hope sprang up to hear the sound.
The patriots bosom thrilled.

But while so many hearts rebound
Some aching hearts were chilled.

Our fathers, mothers shuddering heard
What banished all their joy;

They gloried in that startling word,
But, will it take my hoy?

The youthful mother sat and rocked

The cradle of her child;
Dread thoughts her inmost being
shocked

And drove her nearly wild.

For men are wanted. Who can know?

The partner of my life
Perhaps himself will need to go

And join that deadly strife.

Then there was hurrying to and fro
As legions gathered there,

And in the numbers met to go
Were old, and young, and fair.

And as they gathered east and west,

No better troops displayed
On march, in fight, or camped at rest

Than First Vermont Brigade.

There he who sleeps beneath this shaft

Led forth a hundred men.
And quickly learned the warrior's
craft.

Though but a captain then.

His voice rang out in cheering tones
When fighting at their head;

iHe steeled the hearts of drooping ones
Among the comrade led.

And when the Thirteenth Regiment

Was ready for the field,
It was agreed with one consent,

He should their scepter wield.

Comrades, the Thirteenth here I view

I need not further go,
His record as our leader true

Too well these comrades know.

But halt! Please keep your rank and
file

And linger round his bier,
Just for a single moment, while

You this "acrostic" hear.

'Twas in the summer sixty two
Hung .stormy clouds our country

through.
In vain the baffled Union troops —
Resting themselves in warlike groups-
Tried to destroy the rebel strength.

Eager to meet them on the field.
Bach to his gun or saber wield.
Never despairing but hopeful still,
Trusting in time, our country will
Have victory and peace at length.

Verily our time had come to go,
Each felt his country calling, so
Regardless of all danger near
Men go to aid those brothers dear.
Onward three hundred thousand more.
Nine months they trod those fields of

gore
Till Pickett's legions felt their power.

Crested wave of victory.

On thee write immortality.

Long may our country's banner wave

Over the land we helped to save.

Never forget 'tis patriots due

Ever to land and home be true.

Loving them more each passing hour.

Foremost among those heroes true
Ranging along that line of blue
Amid the fiercest battle strife
Never to halt for limb or life.
Crashing through the cannon's smoke
In clashing steel and saber stroke.
Standing firm with lines unbroke.

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

779

Veering not to left or right.
■"Onward, Thirteenth? The foe's In

sight!
Loiter not, but run, boys, run!
Now charge! and take their every

gun!"
E'en like the cyclone's fatal breath
Ye rushed to victory or death.

Round this plain shaft to-day we turn
And patriot fires within us burn.
And as this monument we see
Live Colonel Randall, Francis V.
Long in each loyal memory
Never to cease while life shall last.
Dedicated to grand memories past.

MEMORIES.

Written for the Fifth Re-union of the Thirteenth Vermont Regiment, at Montpelier,
June 15th. 1892, hy D. 8. Stoddard of Company B.

'Twas in the summer sixty-two,
The fights for Richmond all were

through.
And back had fell the Union lines
Prom Savage Station, Seven Pines,
Until at Malvern Hill at last
The rebel columns stopped aghast.
The nation gazed with bated breath
Upon that scene of strife and death;
And as the wave rolled back and forth
Prom North to South, from South to

North
And spent its force at Malvern Hill
The nation's heart almost stood still.
Then leaped the northern patriot's

vein
As ringing out o'er land and main
' Our glorious Lincoln spake this word.
Above the din of battle heard:
"We want three hundred thousand

men
From prairie, wood and mountain

glen.
Three hundred thousand gallant boys
Will now insure our noble cause,
The grand success we've striven for
These eighteen months of cruel war."
Then comrades, we Thirteenth Ver-
mont,
Began enlisting for the front.
Our brothers of the First Brigade
On many fields their record made.
And brothers of the gallant Seventh,
The Eighth and Ninth, the Tenth and

Eleventh,
Had shown the world Green Mountain

Boys
Were heart and hand in Union's

cause.
And on each hard fought battlefield
Had never learned to rebels yield.
And with their proud example seen
Could we expect to honors win?
Ah, ye who think the older boys
Were all the patriots in our cause
Will wait awhile, your verdict hold
Till Thirteenth's record has been told.
These men enlisted, knowing well
That storms of rebel shot and shell
Would greet them on the battlefield;

But to those facts their hearts were

steeled,
As tens and hundreds joined the strife
To fight and die for nation's life.
The Twelfth and Thirteenth, Four-
teenth, too.
Sprang up as if naught else to do.
The Fifteenth, Sixteenth also came.
All honor to Vermont's proud name.
And of these five combined was made
Our own Vermont's Second Brigade.
At Brattleboro where we met
To rendezvous and training get,
We found a thousand stalwart men
From every hill, and vale, and glen.
Each ready at their country's call
To do and dare, to fight or fall
That this grand land of ours might be
In truth and right forever free.
'Twas Colonel Randall at our head
Who through it all us proudly led.
As in this sequel we shall show
What all these comrades full well

know.
Next came Lieutenant Colonel Brown
To take command when Randall's

gone.
And on the left was Major Clark
To stand by us through light or dark.
The Thirteenth's right was Company

A,
All ready for the bloody fray;
And at their right Cap Lonergan,
Who'll lead them through if any can.
The left was held by — all could see —
Mad River Valley. Company B.
Its right was Wilder, Cap 0. C,
Its left, short corporal — that was me.
And here we have a right to brag
Of C. in center with the flag.
Its right was Coburn, Cap L. L.
Its left, the colors, guarded well.
Then Captain Munson, Company D
Were there to fight for you and me;
And Captain Boynton, Company E,
Filled well their place twixt K. and G.
And with us from Winooski's vale
Were Company F and Captain Yale;
And Captain White with Company G
Held honored place by Company B;

78o

The Thirteenth Reqiment J'ennont Volunteers

And Company H with Captain Peck
Stood by the colors neck to neck.
And Captain Thatcher, Company I
Could with the best their honors vie.
And last, not least, we truly say
Were Captain Blake and Company K.
A few short days In drill and camp
And Thirteenth took Its southward

tramp.
Vermont with all its scenes adieu.
These boys will to her name be true.
Brave Allen's State shall point with

pride
To these brave sons from her moun-
tain side.
With clasping hands and moistened

eyes
They bade adieu to native skies.
And in Virginia's sun and shade
They pitched their tents, a new

brigade
They're soldiers now, in quiet camp
Or on the march's weary tramp.
On picket in the storm and sleet
The vidette walks his lonely beat.
And thinks of the friends that he

never may see.
Or starts at the wind in the old hollow

tree
As it howls on its way so dreary and

lone
Through the boughs overhead with its

moaning tone.
He imagines each sound is a warning

of dread;
And the rustling leaves do but echo

tue tread
Of the midnight assassin, the venge

ful foe,
Who is waiting to strike him the fatal

blow.
Thus he passes the night, but his

spirits revive
As he finds in the morning he still is

alive.
Camp Violet and Camp Vermont
Remind us of our winter's haunt.
The midnight march to Union Mill
Lives vivid in our memories still.
That night at Fairfax Court House

too,
Wben Colonel Randall campward flew
Because of danger from a raid
By Stuart's cavalry brigade.
How quick the long roll brought us

out
To fall in line, the country scout.
Perhaps some tremble then to know
We faced that night an ugly foe.
They planned to on us silent creep
And take our camp with us asleep:
Their scheme miscarried, they were

foiled.
And from our front they soon recoiled.
But later we can recollect
A rebel raid of more effect.
That on one early springtime night
Removed our General from our sight,
And all bcause his camp out there
Was just beyond the Thirteenth's
care.

'Twas in his place our Stannard came,
He placed our record high on fame.
Comrades, perhaps we'll never know
How much to him we really owe.
But winter passed and springtime

came.
The pent-up fires burst out in flame.
We listened long one bright May day
To rumblings forty miles away
At Fredericksburg, where cannons

loud
Wreathed o'er its fields the battle

shroud.
And as the sound came heavier, clear-
er.
How we all wished it never nearer.
Delusive wish. One bright June day
We struck our tents and marched

away.
Long dreary days throvigh mud and

rain,
O'er hill and dale, o'er field and plain,
Till on the seventh our leading ones
Commanded, "Halt! Inspect your

guns!"
And as we looked few miles ahead
We saw the smoke of battle red.
The Colonel said in cheering tones,
"Remember, boys, your State and

homes.
The fight is on, there's danger near,
But for your record I've no fear."
The Thirteenth on that bloody field
No disposition showed to yield.
When on their left the line gave way
To rebel charge the second day.
Quick from their place in line they

sprung
Into that deadly breach they swung.
And mid that storm of shot and shell
His horse went down, tue Colonel fell.
His hat was lost — he gained his feet,
His voice rang out his men to greet,
"Come on, my boys! I'm yet all right,
And still will lead you in the fight."
"Colonel, can you retrieve tne day,
Retake those cannon dragged away?"
Said Hancock, gazing o'er the field.
Seeing the guns that had to yield.
"We'll try", said Randall, "Here's the

men
Vermonters from her mountain glen.
Forivard, Thirteentd ! and run like

helir
Ran through that din of shot and

shell.
His springing feet, his naked head.
His waving sword the column led;
And as he reached the captured guns.
As though he weighed an hundred

ton«,
His waving sword came rushing down
With thundering voice and warlike

frown
He cried, "Surrender! We're the ones,
Vermonters, who will take these

guns."
Yet not content, "Come on, my boys,
Those rebel guns must stop their
noise.

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont I 'oliintcc

^crs

781

They've bothered us quite long

enough ;
We'll show them now we're up to

snuff."
Thus Randall thought, "I know its

rash,
But we can take them with a dash."
Forward again across the field.
And those two guns were forced to

yield.
Then night came on, the war notes

closed.
The war worn troops in sleep reposed.
Next day the war dogs spoke again
As Longstreet tried with might and

main
To break our center, drive us hack.
And send destruction on our track.
An hundred cannon roared and

screamed
Their vengeful noise, until it seemed
The air was full, and e'en their breath
Was freighted with the blight of

death.
For hours those howling missiles

flew.
And louder, nearer seeming grew
Till all at once 'twas quiet still.
And e'en the stillness brought a chill.
What now? See men all standing

thick!
They're coming on a double quick!
They'll soon find out of what stuff

made
IS Stannard's new Vermont brigade.
'Tis Pickett's legions, veterans all.
Through many storms of shell and

ball
They've marched with an unbroken

front.
Now coming on as they were wont
To come before. They walk! They

run!
Intrepid heroes, every one!
The quickened movement of their

pace
Fast narrows up the little space
Between our lines. Each grips his

gun
With nerve and muscle tighter

strung!
Now close behind our cannon broke
That awful silence! And the smoke
And din of war rolled on again
Across that blood-stained battle plain.
Those gaps where Pickett's heroes

fell.

From roaring cannon's grape and

shell.
Were quickly filled, and on they came
Through storms of bullets, shot and

flame.
Now comes the clash of glittering steel
As back and forth the columns reel
Until that valley bright and vernal
Resembled but the pit infernal.
Hold, Comrades, look! Now on your

right
Is seen the fiercest of the fight,
Stannard commands, "Vermonters,

wheel!
And give that foe your strongest

steel!"
The brigade wheeled, and on their

flank
Sent swift-winged death from rank to

rank.
They broke, they halted, quailed and

fled
Before that reeking storm of lead.
That front and flank combined attack
Sent Pickett's legions flying back;
And on that day at set of sun
The three days' fight was fairly won.
But when we called the roll next day
Not every one could answer "aye",
For in the list of names when filled
Were many missing, wounded, killed,
Brave comrades in that deadly strife
They for their country gave their life.
And now Vermont, and comrades, too,
We think we've proved to all of you
That the Thirteenth filled an honored

place
And served her time with soldier

grace.
Nor flinched before a foeman's face
In those dark hours, those war-worn

days.
Not more, not less, than other men.
From other States, from every glen.
But in those days of war and strife
We helped defend the nation's life.
We simply did what others do
Who love their country faithful, true.
And as the deeds of those dark times
Are sung in poet's measured rhymes
Or spoken in the stirring speech
Of those whose voice the heart strings

reach.
We're proud that only praise is heard
Of Stannard's men at Gettysburg.

782

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

Thirteenth's Camp Grand Reunion Oct. 10, 1902, by D. S. Stoddard.

Comrades: —

Again we tread Virginia's soil;

But few such sights we see
As when we picketed these grounds

In sixty two and three.

Then war's alarms in wild accord

Rang out on every hand,
And these green fields, were trampled
o'er

By many a hostile band.

To-day we gather round these camps

Not as a warlike band,
For earth and air and sky proclaim.

There's peace on every hand.

Our wives were then in old Vermont,

In every eye a tear —
The scene has changed and they to-day.

While we are gathered here

Are gathered round the nation's shrine.
Mount Vernon's sacred urns;

Toward which in grateful memory
A mighty nation turns.

Then, with a knapsack on each back
We tramped this country o'er;

To-day, instead of marching here
We came with coach and four.

We think while riding o'er these fields
Of guard mount — dress parade.

Then on salt pork and hard tack, oh
What a wild charge we made.

We boiled our coffee, smoked our pipes
And oft times took our ease.

And sauntered round these camping
grounds
Just as our fancy pleased.

But often times the bitter came

To mingle with the sweet,
As when we walked these picket lines

In rain and snow and sleet.

How oft we stood with bated breath
And peered into the gloom,

And watched each road and path from
whence
An enemy might come.

We struck our tents at camp Vermont
And marched oft in the night

Not knowing where to guard a pass
Or to the rebels fight.

We pitched oitr tents at Union Mills —
Just why we can't explain —

Nor why so soon we struck them down
And traveled back, again.

We'll ne'er forget the night when we

A sudden sortie made
And left our tents tor rifle pits

To head off Stuart's raid.

He thought to ride into our camp.
Surprise us while we slept;

But when he found us in those pits
A safer distance kept.

We recollect at Fairfax too

There was another raid
That carried off the General who

Commanded our brigade.

Although that seemed a heavy loss

It was not hard to bear.
And after gallant Stannard came

We surely didn't care.

'Twas here we learned the bayonet
play

And the batallion drill.
And how to use those Springfield guns

That every shot might kill.

Yes, here in eighteen sixty two
We learned the soldier's trade

That showed itself at Gettysburg
In Stannard's light brigade.

A sorrow clings around each heart,

A tear bedims each eye
To think of comrades brave who fell

In days so long gone by.

They camped here with us in those
days

And held these picket lines,
And served their country faithfully

In those secession times.

So with our sadness comes this thought
They helped our country save;

And we rich blessings now enjoy
For every life they gave.

Thus memories come, and memories go
As round these camps we tread;

With joy we greet the living ones
While sorrowing for the dead.

And in the coming centuries

When history is told.
Posterity will ne'er forget

Veimonter's deeds of old.

Comrades this day, this meeting here

Will in our minds renevv
The friendships formed when first we
met
In eighteen sixty two.

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

783

And as we glide along adown
Time's onward moving stream,

These scenes will In our memories live
An ever pleasant dream.

Now all we ask at parting is

That each one's record be
As proud as was our loved Thirteenth's

In July sixty three.

Another thing we'll ne'er forget
While on this globe we stay

Our thanks are due and tendered those
Who foot the bills to-day.

Now thirteen cheers for comrades

three

Who've brought this meeting round
Thereby enabling us to see

Once more, our old camp ground.

VERMONT TO THE FRONT.

We are indebted to Dr. L. Haynes Buxton, a native and former resident of this
town, now a prominent physician of Guthrie, Oklahoma territory, for the following
poem published by the Daily State Capital of that city:

"Put those Vermonters in the lead,

And keep the ranks well closed!"
Said Sedgwick to his officers,

Who not one word opposed.
"For they have got a record grand

Of doing what they try
E'er since that once eventful day

When Allen took Fort Ti."

And in four years of rebel war

It was Vermont's proud boast
To fight on many battlefields.

And not one flag was lost.
And then, at Gettysburg, than her's

No banner swung more high
When Stannard struck the rebel right

And made their columns fly.

So, on through years of peace or war,
Vermonters take the lead —

Spring to their country's sure defense
In time of sorest need.

And, so 'tis at the present day
Her record still is high —

- For Dewey took Manila
As Allen took Fort Tl.

Then three times three for dear Ver-
mont,

Our grand old mountain state!
Her sons are taking foremost rank

Among the good and great.
Three cheers for her proud banner!

You'll swing it none too high —
Since Dewey took Manila

And Allen took Fort Ti.

Another deed of equal fame

By a Vermonter won;
He calls to mind the glorious name

Of Clark — and Oregon.
He sailed his ship half round the
world,

And kept his powder dry;
To be in Santiago's fight

With gallant Admiral Schley.

D. S. Stoddakd,
Mulhall, O. T., May 23, 1898.

EXPANSION— THE G. A. R.'S TRIBUTE TO THE FLAG.

Bmpobia, Kas., February 6th, 1899.
Me. Editoe:

Am very much pleased with your G. A. R. corner. I was in Company B, 13th Vt.
Regt., and now belong to a Vt. Post. This tribute to the flag was the finale to mjC
letter of regret that I could not attend their annual re-union and banquet this winter.
Perhaps it will fill a corner of your G. A. R. corner if not it will fit splendidly in your
waste basket. Yours truly,

D. S. Stoddaed.

Comrades, while we are growing weak;

Our Country's growing strong;
And for our starry banner boys

Let's sing another song.

It waves in triumph o'er the sea —

In triumph o'er the land.
That glorious flag of liberty.

Was never quite so grand.

'Tis waving in a sun-lit sky.
Forever now, they say;
Forever now its glorious folds
Bathe in eternal day.

Float on, brave banner, ever blest;

Thou emblem of the free.
Till every nation. East or West,

Respects humanity.

D. S. Stoddaed.

THE THIRTEENTH EEGIMEXT :M0XUMENT.

Captciin Henry B. Meigs after a lapse of forty years,
contemplating- the sangviinary struggle on this field
July ord. 1863, when General George E. Piek-
ett and his gallant heroes were van-
quished by the Green Mountain Boys
of July 3rd, 1863.

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers 785

TENTING AGAIN ON THE OLD CAMP GROUNDS.

By Henry B. Meigs, Company K.

THURSDAY, October 9th, 1902, following close upon the Sessions of the National
Encampment of the G. A. R., at Washington, D. C, and forty years less one day,
from the date of our being mustered into the service of our country at Brattleboro,
Vt., forty-one members of our Regimental Association, by invitation of Comrades
Marsh, Allen and Clark, boarded the train at the Pennsylvania R. R. Station, Wash-
ington City, and wended our way southward, passing enroute many scenes and places
that were familiar to us all thirty-nine years ago.

We passed through a region of country whose every locality "bears the vivid
impress of most interesting as well as important historical associations, reaching back
through nearly three hundred years of the beginnings and progress of our country
in the march of civilization and advancement." On every stream and thoroughfare,
In every valley and on every hill top there is some memento or land mark, in what-
ever direction the eye may range, to remind us of what we and our comrades did there
and of the pioneers who transformed the wastes of the wilderness, marked the bounds
of the homesteads, laid the hearth stones, established the neighborhoods and set up
the altars of the Commonwealth.

We first passed over the famous Long Bridge, built in 1808, over which we had
marched before, and over which most of the great armies marching for the defence
•of the Union, entered Virginia during the Civil War. As we passed over the bridge
we saw to our front and right, beautiful Arlington Cemetery, where rest thousands of
•our comrades and the Nation's heroes, the former home of Robert E. Lee. Not far
from the western end of the bridge may still be seen remains of Old Fort Runyon,
built by our comrades of other regiments in 1861. It was the first military work
raised for the protection of Washington against the advance of the secession forces;
it was the first base of picketing and skirmishing operations of the great conflict.
This fort was commenced by daylight of May 24th, 1861. The old works are now in
the midst of the extensive brick yards of Brick Haven and Waterloo. A portion of
Ihem yet remain, but the greater part of the historic clay thrown up here by the boys
in blue in '61, now does service in the walls of Washington homes. The fort originally
covered an area of about twelve acres, and was the largest of a chain of forts that
surrounded Washington. Over the broad thoroughfare extending southward passed
unceasingly night and day for four years, railway military trains, commissary supply
wagons, cavalry and artillery, hurrying regiments of infantry, dashing couriers and
.clattering mounted orderlies.

A new steel bridge with capacity to accommodate the great and increasing railway
and other travel over the historic Potomac, and of architectural design in harmony with
the proposed plans for the beautifying of the Nation's Capitol, is already in course
■of construction to take the place of the old structure.

The forts were built of earth, timber and masonry in the most careful and thorough
manner. They contained wells for water supply, bombproofs and magazines for
powder, shot and shell; were surrounded by ditches, fringed with abbatis, and were
armed variously. Forty years of peace have passed since these defences were con-
structed. To-day hardly one of them remains intact as when the notes of reveille and
tattoo sounded in their midst. Nearly all of them have been demolished. The ram-
parts have been leveled, the ditches and rifle pits filled, and the plowshare of the
farmer is passing over them as before the war.

When completed the works comprised sixty-two forts with forty-four supporting
Taatteries, the whole having an armament of over one thousand guns, and requiring
sixteen thousand men to properly garrison them. As we pass along, beautiful Arling-
ton to the right of us, is still in view. We see the classic home of George Washington
Parke Custis, adopted son of George Washington and grandson of Martha Washington,
erected in 1802. The estate consists of 1,160 acres. On the death of Mr. Custis in
1857, this large estate became the property of Gen. Robert E. Lee, who had married
Mary Ann, the only daughter of Mr. Custis. Mr. Custis had inherited the estate
trom his father, John Parke Custis.

General Lee became the leader of the secession armies and the estate in those
troublesome times being occupied by its owner, was sold in 1863, under the confisca-
tion act for $92.00, and became the property of the United States Government, which
took possession of the premises and set apart two hundred acres of it for the interment
of the dead soldiers of the Union Army. In this National Cemetery specially laid
out and beautified with reference to the patriotic purposes in view, nearly twenty-five
thousand soldiers have been buried from battle fields, hospitals and homes. The

786 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

ceremonies at this beautiful place on every Decoration Day under the direction and
loving care of the Grand Army of the Republic, are very impressive, and always
attract and draw there many thousands of the surviving veterans and friends of the
deceased heroes.

A little farther along and we came to Four Mile Run, four miles from the Capitol,
Here George Washington owned several hundred acres of land near its headwaters,
where the old Cumberland Pike crosses them, he had mills, from which were shipped
cargoes of flour to the West Indies in the earlier Colonial times. Then the stream
ran unvexed and was deep and navigable for sea going craft. Our comrades will
remember that it was upon this stream that the Convalescent Camp was situated
during the Civil War. A little farther and the road strikes the Leesburg Turnpike,
"the old Military Highway, over which Gen. Edward Braddock and most of his army
of British regulars and provincial troopers marched in the spring of 1755, to expel the
French and their Indian allies from the lands of the Ohio river. The regulars con-
sisted of the 44th regiment, under Col. Peter Halket, and the 48th commanded by
Col. Thomas Dunbar, mustering five hundred men, each with supplies and provisions,
and about eight hundred provincial troopers." Their march took them a distance of
more than three hundred miles through an unbroken wilderness with swollen streams
innumerable to ford, and rugged hills and mountains to toil over. The disastrous
battle was fought on the 9th of July, 1755. Out of eighty-six officers, twenty-six were
killed, among them Braddock and Halket.

Now we come to historical Alexandria. Here it was said by a contemporary
English traveler of the time, "that George Washington, amid the plaudits of the
inhabitants first stepped forth as the patron of sedition and revolt, and subscribed
fifty pounds for the support of hostilities." It had a population at the outbreak of
the Revolutionary War, of about five thousand.

"Here in the spring of 1755, met the Colonial Governors, Dinwiddle, of Virginia;
Shirley, of Massachusetts; De Lancy, of New York; Morris, of Pennsylvania; Sharpe,
of Maryland, and Dobbs, of North Carolina, to arrange plans for the prosecution of
the French and Indian war on the Ohio river. This meeting of the Colonial Governors
might be called the second congress in America. That of the council at Albany, in
1757, the first."

While passing through Alexandria, we saw in the distance on our left, Christ
Church, built in 1767, on Washington Street, near King, with its unaltered pew of
George Washington, brings back forcibly to memory the plainer days when the great
hero mingled so often in religious service with his neighbors and friends of old Fairfax.

The Marshal House on King Street above Royal will make fresh the tragic killing
of Col. Ellsworth of the New York Zouaves, May 24th, 1861. This old house about
twenty years ago, was found to be on fire on a cold winter's night, and despite the
exertions of the fire department, but little more than the bare walls were left standing.
Upon being rebuilt it ceased to be a house of entertainment — the building now is
used for other purposes. Near by stands the Braddock House, very much used, and as
it was years ago. Here General Braddock had his headquarters, and held council of war
at the Carlyle House on the opposite side of the market. Many of the officers of his
command were glad to stay at the City Hotel, the nknown as Gadby's Tavern. Long
afterwards Gen. Lafayette was entertained here by the Masonic Lodge, and lodged
at this house during the festivities incident to his visit.

Few of the old colonial buildings of Virginia left standing have more interesting
historical associations than the old Carlyle Mansion, which forms a portion of the
Old Braddock Hotel, on North Fairfax Street, built by John Carlyle in 1745, and is
still in a good state of preservation. Fairfax Court House is fourteen miles distant,
Manassas twenty-seven, Winchester ninety, Fredericksburg fifty, Richmond one hun-
dred and ten, and Norfolk two hundred and ten miles.

Leaving Alexandria we soon cross Hunting Creek, a familiar name to the 13th
Vermont. On the left in the distance is the site of Old Camp Vermont, and near by
Fort Lyon, which we with pick and shovel constructed. We remember around it.
In almost every direction, the plains and hill slopes were white with tents of the
gathered regiments, brigades and divisions of Union soldiers. Everywhere over the
suddenly populated region was heard the drum's wild beat, the fife's shrill notes,
the bugle's echoing calls. The numerous remains of their intrenchments, including
our own old Fort Lyon, earth works and other defences, are still prominent at every
turn for miles around, attest the melancholy certainty that great preparations were
made for the impending conflict.

Near by is Bailey's Cross Roads where was manoeuvred by the Union forces, one
of the grandest military reviews under General McClellan, of any country or time.
All of the estates hereabout in old colonial days were large. The Mason estate on
Hunting Creek, the site of Camp Vermont, originally consisted of two thousand acres.
Thomas Mason, a son of George, the patriot, hereinafter referred to, built the mansion
here, and resided there after the Revolutionary War, the original mansion house was
destroyed by fire about 1824.

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers y^'j

Arriving at Fairfax Station we were met by Mr. Edward Hamill with nine teams.
(And right here it will be interesting to explain that Hamill, when we were encamped
at Camp Widow Violet in the spring of 1863, was the ferryman in the Government
employ at Occoquan, and well known at that time to many members of the regiment).
Mr. Hamill as guide and trainmaster transported us, first, to Fairfax Court House.
The very name of the place calls up many interesting associations, adventures and
experiences. To describe scarcely any of these would occupy too much space for this
article.

At Fairfax Court House we visited the County Clerk's office and Court House.
Court was in session, but many of us took a look within at the room we had visited
nearly forty years preceding our present excursion. We drank at the old well, but
not from "the same canteen," and lived over again the events so indelibly impressed
upon our memories. We finally repaired to the front yard of the house wherein our
doughty General Stoughton had his headquarters and from whence he started on his
enforced excursion to Richmond, Va., with Mosby and his men as an escort. In this
front yard our Regimental Association held a meeting, a report of which follows this
article. Here an address was made by Lieutenant Carmi L. Marsh, late of Company
K, who in well chosen words rehearsed the experiences of our Regiment at this point,
as follows:

"December 12th, 1862, the Second Vermont Brigade, to which the 13th Vermont
belonged, marched to this place from near Alexandria and camped in a grove north-
west of the village. They suffered much from cold before their tents arrived, which
was several days later. They remained here five weeks, the regiments taking turns
in going forward to Centreville, for a few days, holding the fortifications there and
picketing along the Bull Run, in connection with other troops. Our time was taken
up by Guard Mount, Company, Regimental and Brigade Drill. Early 'on the eve of
December 27th, the long roll sounded, and the regiments hastily formed in line.

"The outpost had reported that Stuart's Cavalry was moving rapidly upon the
village from the south and east. Colonel Randall was in attendance upon a court-
martial at Alexandria, but Lieutenant Colonel Brown led the regiment on a double
quick through the village and into a rifle pit which crossed the Alexandria pike, a
quarter of a mile to the east.

"When the men became silent the approach of the enemy over the frozen ground
could be distinctly heard in the clear frosty air. Apparently they had reached the
pike and were forming, to charge from the east. A solitary horseman having passed
the Union picket, came dashing down the pike from that direction, paused a moment
by General Stoughton, and then passed in the rear of the 13th. This was Colonel
Randall. When the voice of Colonel Randall was heard, the anxious men experienced
relief and re-assurance. He had heard of the raid and had ridden with all speed
from Alexandria. It was only by strategy, that he made his way through the fore-
most of the Confederates along the pike.

"A charge by the enemy's advance was soon repulsed by General Stoughton's
skirmishers, and when our artillery opened General Stuart moved away, and flanked
the town to the north. The 13th regiment was nioved rapidly to intercept him, but
only to become very warm by running and then nearly to freeze before returning
to camp in the morning. On the 20th of January^ the regiment marched south, twelve
miles to Wolf Run Shoals.

"There are other interesting facts which occurred here later, which I will leave
for Colonel Clark to relate at our next stopping place, not wishing to appropriate
all of his thunder."

Following the address by Comrade Marsh three old-time cheers were given him and
given with a will, and here we elected as an honorary member of our Association,
Mr. Philip Sheridan Randall, son of Colonel F. V. Randall, of glorious and blessed
memory. Mr. Randall was touched to the heart by our action. In a few well chosen
words, and evidently from the heart, he thanked the Association for the great honor
conferred upon him. With three more cheers for the son of our old Colonel, we
adjourned and re-embarked in the conveyances of Mr. Hamill for our next encampment.

The scenes and condition of the country about Fairfax Court House and Fairfax
Station were little changed from what they were when we were lords of that country
thirty nine years ago. While passing en-route from Fairfax Court House to Wolf
Run Shoals, we passed one especially fine farm, now occupied by a Dr. Brooks. The
writer of this sketch for the space of a week or ten days was a private guards-
xnan at this house to keep our comrades from conflscating chickens, lambs and pigs.
It was then, as now, the finest farm in all that country.

The road from Fairfax Station to our old camp at Wolf Run Shoals is little
changed in thirty-nine years. The first three miles of the road from Fairfax Station
to Four Cross Roads (now called Wood's Store, a small store, a couple of houses
and a blacksmith's shop) is a continuous forest, there being only one or two houses in
-small openings in all of this distance, looking for all the world precisely as it did thirty-
nine years ago. From Wood's Store to Farr P. O., another cross roads a. couple of miles
farther on, there are a few more houses of the most ordinary kind in small openings

788 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

in the forest. At the Pour Comers, now Farr Post Office, is the point where the 12th.
Vermont Regiment joined us when we were making our memorable march to Gettys-
burg. The Henderson Pike crosses the road from Fairfax Station to Wolf Run Shoals
at this point. From these four corners into our old camp Wolf Run Shoals, were
many houses still standing that were familiar to us from old association, — houses
where we sometimes foraged and sometimes bought of the natives then residing there,
and at one of which our good Comrade Marsh was sick nigh unto death.

Arriving at Camp Wolf Run Shoals, of course the hills were there as we knew them,
but it was very hard to locate definitely and exactly our old camping ground. A
fairly well kept farm owned by a Mr. Fairfax now occupies the site of our old camp.
In the past, when we occupied this camp, the hills beyond the Bull Run stream were
not wooded. To-day they are densely covered with a pine forest, while on the side
of Bull Run where our camp was situated the hills and ravines are there as we knew
them, but the woods and the cleared places have entirely changed, as have the maps
of our own faces in the two score years that have intervened since we knew them.
Here we had refreshments that had been provided by the committee in charge.
Comrade H. O. Clark made an interesting address, as follows:

"Comrades: Again we are on the spot where we camped and slept nearly forty
years ago. Many changes have come to each and all of us but there has been little
change here. We found it woods, we laid our company streets in corduroy, we built
our stockades from the white oak, which, as you remember, cut, split and burned
readily, even the day it was cut, and when we were ready to move from here instead
of dense woods we left a clearing, with only stumps to show where trees had been;
now we come back and find the stumps gone, the corduroy streets and stockades
gone, and again the woods as if inviting us to make our camp. But while nature has
renewed the surroundings here it has not renewed or invigorated us. In our hearts
we are as young as forty years ago, but physically we are getting to be old men. The
hardships we endured then and thought little of would be disastrous to us now. One
week of camp life here would bring us all under the surgeon's order rather than the
colonel's. The regiment came from Fairfax Court House to this spot January 20th,
'63. We formed camp on this hillside. The company streets running from the main
track down toward the creek. The colonels', lieutenant colonels' and other field
ofiicers' tents were on the summit of the knoll. Company A was where they supported
a battery of artillery, and was permanently located at the ford about a mile south.
The regiment occupied the outer line of the defences of Washington, and its main
duty here was keeping guard on the fords in this vicinity on the Occoquan river.
We had winter weather, some snow, and plenty of rain and mud. We had few drills,
but used to have a daily dress parade on the field south of the camp, also frequent
practice in target firing. Notwithstanding the inclement weather I do not remember
that we had any unusual amount of sickness, nor do I remember that any of us suf-
fered from cold or other causes. Most of our tents were stockaded and in all there
was some kind of a device for heating. Some had stoves, many had stone fireplaces,
some holes in the ground with an underground flue connecting with the chimney
outside. These chimneys were unique affairs, built of small sticks like the cob houses
of our childhood days, and plastered with mud inside and out, usually about five
feet in height. You will remember a playful custom that prevailed when a man had
company in his tent and was apparently having an especially good time, some envious
chap would step up on the outside and drop a few cartridges down the chimney.
This pleasure created confusion inside the tent, with loud and violent language, and
threats of sudden death or disablement at least of the perpetrator if caught, which
seldom resulted.

"Perhaps you will remember our theatre, — at least the structure built over in that
direction and pretending to be a theatre for the use of the boys. I did not know then,
nor do I now know who it was that originated this scheme. I know it was proposed
that we build a theatre, and the idea meeting with favor, two or three hundred of
us set to work, some digging a trench around a piece of ground about thirty by forty
feet, others cutting down the white oaks and splitting them in half; others carrying them
in and standing them close together in the trench which was then refilled, and the
cracks were plastered with mud and made tight. A door was put in and the whole
covered with flies from wall tents; benches were put in, a platform built and in a
couple of days the theatre was ready for occupancy. We had worked hard and now
expected to get some benefit from our labors, but no one seemed to take any steps
toward theatrical or other amusement, and our theatre threatened to become rather
a useless structure. Some time after completion, however, a couple of boys coming
into camp about 10 p. m., were surprised to see that it was occupied. The lights
inside showing through the canvas roof plainly indicated that at least there was some-
thing doing. They tried the door and found it fastened on the inside. After knocking,
it was opened by a man with a drawn sword who asked what they wanted; replying^
that they wanted to come in,/ they were refused admission, and ordered away. Pro-
testing that they had helped build the theatre and had a right to enter, an officer
appeared from the interior, (not of our regiment), who hastily inquired by what right

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers 789

they were out of camp at that hour, and ordered them to return to their quarters
forthwith, or take the penalty of being absent from camp without leave. Argument
in this case was out of the question and the boys returned to camp. Inquiries were
started next day, however, which resulted in showing that this was not a theatre,
or intended for a theatre. That some of the officers and older men were members of
the Masonic fraternity, and having a dispensation from the Grand Lodge of Vermont
to organize a lodge here, had gotten up the theatre story to get the boys, most of
them under twenty-one years of age, and therefore ineligible to join the Masonic
order, to build them a lodge room. They were entirely successful in their scheme,
and none of us boys were ever permitted to enter the structure we had erected, after
its completion. It was a clear case of bunco.

"Our supplies were brought here by wagons from Fairfax Station. You will all re-
member the corduroy road we built and perhaps some of you have ridden over it
in an army wagon. The ride down the hill with the mules on a run, the mud flying
up between the logs twenty feet high and the wagon wheels only hitting every third
log is an experience that one does not forget in forty years. It was while we were at
this camp that General Stoughton was captured, March 9th, at the Court House.
You saw the brick house where he was quartered; many of those here have been there
at Brigade Guard Mount. You may remember there was a young lady. Miss Ford,
whom we used to see frequently with General Stoughton. We always thought he was
as you may say, 'sweet on her,' and I presume he was. She was of 'secesh' pro-
clivities and it has been alleged that it was through information from her that he was
captured. A year or two afterward she married a Union officer, a Vermonter, Major
J. Willard. She died a few years later, leaving a son who now has a residence at
Fairfax and is at the present time Lieutenant Governor of the state of Virginia. He
also has a house in Washington, owns the new Willard Hotel, and is said to be the
richest man in Washington. After Stoughton's capture Colonel Blunt commanded the
brigade till Stannard was appointed Brigadier General.

"While encamped here the boys used to scout around considerably, and pigs,
calves, etc., found their way to camp much to the annoyance of the resident people
in the vicinity, who made loud complaints to the Colonel. He finally issued an order
forbidding foraging of all kinds. Still complaints came in, mainly referring to loss
of poultry. The Colonel claimed it must be the men of the .12tli regiment camped
over there. They had some bad men and it must be they. Finally an old gentleman
came one morning in a high state of indignation, stating a soldier had been at his
house that morning and stolen his last two chickens. The colonel said it must have
been one of those bad 12th regiment men. The old man said, 'no, it was a 13th man,'
as he saw him and ordered him to drop the chickens, which the soldier refused to do,
and more than that he used 'disrespectful and insulting language' to him, and he
demandei^ that the soldier be punished. The Colonel said it could not have been a
13th man as he had issued orders forbidding such conduct, and he knew none of his
men would disobey any order he issued. The old gentleman insisted that It was a man
of our regiment as he had '13' on his cap and he would know the man' and insisted
on his punishment, or he would complain to headquarters. The Colonel said he could
not believe it was any of his men, but that the old gentleman could look around the
camp, and if he could identify and prov^ the case against any of his men he would
see that he was severely punished. Accompanied by the officer of the guard, the old
man proceeded to look over the camp. In one of the company streets in front of a
tent they saw feathers; lifting the flap of the tent, there sat a soldier, '13' on top
of his cap, one chicken dressed and cut up, a second one in hand from which he was
just picking the feathers. The old gentleman identified the man and the chickens,
and both men were taken to the Colonel's tent. He at once flew into a rage greater
apparently than that of the old gentleman, ordered the man placed with his back to
a tree, and a gun strap passed around both binding him tight to the tree; then had
the long roll beat, and as the men assembled, he walked up and down, pulling his
long moustache, he addressed them to this effect: 'You see this miserable rascal —
been caught stealing chickens. You know I issued an order forbidding such things,
and when I issue an order I want it obeyed. Now take notice, if any of you steal any
more chickens from this respectable and loyal gentleman, and use insulting and
disrespectful language to him or any other like him, and leave the feathers in front of
your tent, I'll have you hung up by the thumbs, I will.' It is hardly necessary to
add that none of the 13th Vermont was ever caught stealing chickens, or with feathers
around his quarters.

"We remained here till April 2nd, when the regiment moved to Camp Widow Violet,
five miles down the river. The march was made on a bright, warm/ day, and was
fatiguing as the men were somewhat out of the habit and were heavily loaded with
accumulations of three months' camp life.

"It was forty years ago to-morrow since the regiment was sworn into the United
States service at Brattleboro, October 9th, 1862."

And with three cheers we turned our backs upon the place once so familiar, and
wended our way, via the Henderson Pike by the same ' route that we took thirty-nine

790 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

years ago to our Camp Widow Violet, a mile and a half from Oocoquan. Here there have
been comparatively few changes in the fields and timber round and about. The field where
our camp was situated looked as familiar as if it were only last year that we were there.

The Davis house, with its large stone chimney at the end of the house, was a
familiar object recognized by us all, though there has been an addition built to it in
recent years, and here we were addressed by Comrade H. W. Allen, in the following
happily chosen words:

"Comrades: On April 2nd, 1863, we moved from Wolf Run Shoals some six or
seven miles away to Camp Carusi, a half mile or soi in the rear of this field. The
camp becoming unhealthy, we moved to a field on the farm of the Widow Violet,
after whom the camp was named, to the right of where we now stand, taking the
place of a cavalry force which had been stationed here. Our duty was to guard the
ferry at Oocoquan village, a mile or so distant, and the several fords up to Davis'
ford, three miles below Wolf Run Shoals. Capt. Munson as Brigade Provost Marshal,
as I remember, remained at Fairfax Court House for a time and made a search for
firearms, finding all manner of things which the owners relinquished with great
reluctance. On May 14, three army wagons and drivers and three men about two
miles out of camp were captured.

"Captain Munson took three companies and went out to Brentsville capturing horses
to replace those taken. Sergeant Clark of Company D, had charge of a detail of
scouts who scoured the country across the river, having many adventures and doing
good service.

"Broke camp June 25th, marching to Union Mills where we joined the brigade on
its march to Gettysburg. It was from this camp that Lieutenant Colonel A. C. Brown
left us. Chaplain Sargent died in the corner room of this house which we knew as
the Davis house. The 6th Michigan cavalry were encamped to the right of where
we now stand. I would be glad to talk longer but our chief guide, Mr. Edward Hammil,
in charge of the teams and proprietor of Hotel Hammil, at Occoquan, (who, by-the-
way, was in charge of the old ferry at the river in 1863; and whose good wife is a
niece of General Ashby, of Confederate fame) says a good dinner is waiting for us,
and I am sure you would prefer that to a more lengthy address."

What will be more interesting to the surviving members of the 13th Vermont, with
reference to these old estates that existed hereabout in Colonial times, is Gunston Hall,
the home of George Mason, the distinguished patriot, whose name is very prominent
in early Virginia history, and especially in that portion of it which relates to the
Revolutionary confiict. He was not a soldier and had no aspirations for authority,
dignity or honor, but he was a thinker, and a most forceful writer, and better than
all, a man of good principle and honest purpose. Gunston Hall is one of the very
few dwelling places of the Upper Potomac tide water region that are still standing
as in the past, one stone upon another.

Its interior of spacious apartments with their high ceilings, wainscotings and
elaborate stairways, has been put in pleasing order, and its exterior of quaint roofs
and gables, and dormer windows and tall chimneys has been well cared for. This
manorial domain consisted of seven thousand acres and extended along up the Occo-
quan river to the village of Occoquan, and our encampment — Camp Widow Violet —
was on the border of this estate. The estate was divided into numerous plantations,
namely: Gunston, Occoquan, Pohick, Stump Neck, Hallowing Point, and Dogue Run.
It was George Mason, the lord of this valuable estate, who drew up the Bill of Rights;
he also wrote the constitution which declared Virginia independent of Great Britain,
and which was adopted on June 29th, 1776.

The first draft was written at Gunston Hall, and was there considered by George
Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and other great men, before they submitted it to the
delegates. This George Mason, of whom we speak, was the fifth descendant from
George Mason, member of Parliament, who took refuge in Virginia from the hate of
Cromwell in 1651. He afterwards commanded a regiment under Charles II, and fought
at the battle of Worcester. He fled to Virginia in disguise almost a century before the
time of Washington, and was the founder of the Mason family in the Old Dominion.

A rough hewn granite stone marks the site of the grave of George Mason, of
Revolutionary fame, and reads as follows:

GEORGE MASON,

author of the

Bill of Rights and

First Constitution

of

Virginia.

1726-1792.

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers 791

Another large estate In this vicinity was that of Belvolr, the home of the Fairfaxes,
and consisted of several thousand acres. In 1814, that portion of the walls of Belvoir
which were left standing from a previous Hre, was leveled hy the shot from the
British fleet of General Gordon, when retreating down the Potomac from the partial
destruction of Washington and Alexandria.

Old Mount Vernon estate, the mecca toward which thousands of patriotic feet
are turned annually, consisted of eight thousand acres, which in Washington's time
was divided into five main farms or plantations, and extended ten miles along
tide water.

Six miles from the Mount Vernon Mansion, and four miles from the Potomac
river, stands the old Pohick Church, the second building of the parish, erected in
1772. The first edifice was erected in 1732. Doubtless there are but few of the
members of our regiment but what will recall this quaint old church and some may
have, as the writer has, some relic of it to this day. Since the war, by the munificence
of various individuals, the old church has been restored to its original appearance and
condition, and regular service is being held within its walls.

Another historical landmark, now largely overgrown with trees, but still readily
traced, and situated about seven-eighths of a mile south of our encampment. Camp
Widow Violet, is the military road. It crosses the Potomac on the Mount Vernon
Estate northward at a point then known as Clifton Ferry, and extended southward
via Gum Springs, thence through the Woodlawn estate, through Accotink, passing
about one-third of a mile south of Pohick Church, thence in a direct line to Occoquan
village, and as above stated, about seven-eighths of a mile south of our encampment,
Camp Widow Violet. Not in all of the thirteen colonies was there a more historic
road than this which coursed down from the mountains, over to Occoquan, and
southward to the Carolinas, and northward to the northern colonies. Over this road
many historic scenes of old appear and vanish as we look and dream of the events
that have transpired in its pathway. Over it Washington and his friends, in times
of peace preceding the Revolutionary War, often passed; over it Braddock passed
northward to his disastrous battle with the French and Indians; over it Washington
often passed in going to the house of the Burgesses at Williamsburg. In our mind's
eye we can see sitting on a well bred steed, slick, prim and matronly looking, and
attired in silk and laces. Lady Washington, formerly the widow Custis. Our dream
carries us farther, and we see the immortal host of Washington, of Greene, of
Lafayette, and of Wayne, commanding their continental armies, marching along this
highway going to the closing act of the great Revolutionary drama at Yorktown.

Boarding our conveyances again we went along the road familiar to every member
of the regiment when we were encamped here to Occoquan, to the hotel kept by
Mr. Hammil, where his good wife had provided bounteouslj' for us in the old Virginia
fashion — fried chicken and ham with accessories galore. It is interesting to say in
this connection that Mrs. Hammil was first cousin to the celebrated Ashbys, those
dashing Confederate officers, who, perhaps next to Lee, Stuart and Mosby, were first
in the hearts of Virginia Confederates. After we gathered about the table in
the Hotel Hammil and stood uncovered, our Reverend Comrade, S. F. Gale, of Jack-
sonville, Fla., gave thanks. As he poured out his soul to the Great Commander in
thanksgiving that we were permitted to return again to these familiar scenes after
two score of years; that God had preserved our lives and granted us this unspeakable
privilege of visiting again those scenes where our comradeship was cemented amidst
fire of battle, suffering of march and bivouac, it goes without saying that all of our
hearts most enthusiastically joined him in that petition. The very well springs
of our hearts overflowed as the good comrade brother poured out his soul to God
in those well chosen words of thanks and praise, following a hearty dinner for which
our stomachs were well prepared.

Addresses were made by Lieut. Col. A. C. Brown, Judge C. S. Palmer, James B,
Scully, W. W. Holden, Dr. John B. Crandall, and D. S. Stoddard, who recited an
original poem, two verses of which we insert:

Another thing we'll ne'er forget.

While on this globe we stay;
Our thanks are due and tendered those.

Who foot the bills to-day.

Now thirteen cheers for our comrades three

Who've brought this meeting round;
Thereby enabling us to see

Once more, our old camp ground.

Other addresses were intended, but the time was so short when we must take
the train three miles distant and return home again, that this privilege and pleasure
was denied to several, and so we returned again to Washington, late at night, after
having enjoyed a day with joy unspeakable, such as is given to but few men to enjoy

792

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

In this lifetime. In these sacred hours spent in revisiting the places made sacred by
the things we did there, how our hearts welled up within us. It is not too much to
say that each one for himself and all for each one, thought in his heart that as some-
times the clouds in the western sky are gilded with a golden brilliancy even after
the sun is lost to view, — a brilliancy which no artist can imitate — so were the memories
born of the occasion as lasting and beautiful as the gilded clouds we sometimes see
in the western sky, — memories that we will carry with us until the last one has
marched down into the valley of death and crossed over to the Eternal Camping
Ground, to rest beneath the low green tents whose curtains swing no more back
forever.

While enroute from Fairfax Court House to our old camp at Wolf Run Shoals,
evidences of our handiwork were apparent all along the road way. The very logs
were there that we cut and placed in corduroy and we drove over them as we were
wont to drive and march in the days so long ago. This was remarkable to all, but
from the natives we verified the facts that they were the same logs that we laid,
only here and there they had been replaced as time had decayed them in places.

There were forty -one of the old comrades in the party, viz; —

Lieut. Col. A. C. Brown,
Assistant Surgeon J. B. Crandall,
Q. M. S. Guy Smith,

Field and Staff.

Montpelier, Vt.
Sterling, 111.
Boston, Mass.

Co. A.

James B. Scully,
Heman W. Allen,

1st Sergeant,
Private,

Burlington, Vt.

Co. B.

O. C. Wilder,
D. S. Stoddard,
Byron J. Stockwell,

Captain,

Corporal,

Private,

Waitsfleld, Vt.

Co. C.

Sullivan F. Gale,
S. W. Benjamin,

Henry O. Clark,
William Crosby,
Mark Day,
George N. Wright,
Myron P. Scullin,

Lemuel P. Butts,
Henry Mudgett,

L. F. Terrill,
Fred A. Slater,
George S. Bliss,
B. F. Brown,
Cassius M. Booth,
Caleb P. Nash,
Cornelius M. Palmer,

Wiliam O. Brigham,

1st Sergeant,
Private,

Sergeant,

Private,

Corporal,
((

Private,

Private,

Corporal,
Musician,
Private,

Private,

Co. D.

Co. E.

Co. P.

Co. G.

Co. I.

Jacksonville, Fla.
Montpelier, Vt.

East Orange, N. J.
Vergennes, Vt.
Rockford, 111.
Colchester, Vt.
Burlington, Vt.

No. Hyde Park, Vt.
Johnson, Vt.

Jericho, Vt.
Lyons, Ohio
Worcester, Mass,
Williston, Vt.
Essex Junction, Vt.
Brattleboro, Vt.
Chicago, 111.

Bakersfield, Vt.

C. W. Searles,
Charles C. Varney,
William W. Holden,
George A. Peck,

2d Lieutenant,
Sergeant,
Corporal,
Private,

W. Berkshire,
Barre,
Northfield,
Montpelier,

Vt.

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

793

Co. K.

B. C. Wilson,

C. L. Marsh,
W. A. Cooper,
A. J. Chadwlck,
Henry B. Meigs,

Phil Sheridan Randall,
M. D L. Thompson,
Ira C. Morse,
Prank C. Forbes,
A. H. Hershey,
George M. Lane,
Henry C. Smith,

Private,

2d Lieutenant,

Corporal,
Private,

GUESTS

EUendale,

Co. C, 12th Vt.,

Captain,

Co. E, 9th Vt.,

Co. A, 1st Vt. Cav.,

East Franklin, Vt.

Enosburg Falls,
West Berlin,
Enosburg Falls,
Baltimore, Md.

South Dakota.
Burlington, Vt.

Jericho,
Williston,
Sterling, 111.
Springfield, Mass.
Burlington, Vt.

REPORT OF ASSOCIATION MEETING.

At a meeting of the .13th Vermont Regiment Association held at Fairfax Court
House, Virginia, October 9th, 1902.

President S. W. Benjamin, presiding, on motion of C. L. Marsh, Phil Sheridan
Randall, of EUendale, South Dakota, a son of our late Col. F. V. Randall, was unani-
mously elected an honorary member of this Association. Mr. Randall responded in
a neat speech, thanking the survivors of the regiment for the evidences of regard and
respect shown for the memory of his father, and for the honor conferred upon him.

At a later meeting the same day, on the train between Occoquan and Alexandria,
President Benjamin presiding, on motion of H. W. Allen, Henry C. Smith, of Burling-
ton, (Co. A, 1st Vermont Cavalry) was unanimously elected an honorary member, to
which he responded in a happy manner.

On motion of Surgeon J. B. Crandall, Captain A. H. Hershey, of Sterling, 111., a
guest of the Committee of this "Day in Virginia" excursion, was unanimously elected
an honorary member, to which he fittingly responded.

H. W. Allen explained regarding the United States Flag, the Silk Guidons and
Banner carried during the parade at Washington, and on this excursion by Orderly
Sergeant James B. Scully, of Company A, and Comrade William Crosby, of Company
D, saying the Association should own them.

Col. A. C. Brown made a motion which was carried unanimously, that the treas-
urer be directed to pay for these articles and they become the property of the Associa-
tion and be placed with the secretary for safe keeping. A subsequent motion was made
by Col. Brown that the markers be inscribed "A Day in Virginia, October 9th, 1902."

The excursion was conceived and planned by a self-appointed committee of three.
Forty-one survivors and guests left Washington, October 9th, at 8 a. m. in a special
car for Fairfax Station, on the Southern R. R.; at the station they took carriages or
Virginia wagons, nine In number, making first stop at Fairfax Court House, returning
to the station, thence to Wolf Run Shoals, where a light lunch was served; thence to
Occoquan via Camp Carusi and Widow Violet. At Occoquan Village dinner was served
at Hotel Hammil. At 6:25, took the train for Washington on the Southern R. R.,
where a special car was ready for the party, reaching Washington at 7:40 p. m. The
weather was superb, the railroad accommodations excellent and the teams according
to contract. Numerous expressions indicated a most enjoyable day for all concerned.

The party was so large that it was not deemed expedient to take the ladles. A
drive about Washington was given them under the direction of Mrs. C. L. Marsh,
which was thoroughly enjoyed.

H. W. ALLEN,

Acting Secretary.

Note — The U. S. Flag, the Silk Guidons and the Banner, suitably mounted and
inscribed as directed: "A Day in Virginia, October 9th, 1902," were afterwards pre-
sented to the 13th Vermont Regiment Association by Lieut. Col. A. C. Brown, and are
in the keeping of the Secretary.

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers 795

PERSONAL SKETCH BY CAPTAIN FRANK KENFIELD.

ABOUT the year 1792 my grandfather, George Kenfield, moved from Bow, N. H.,
and settled in Morristown, Vt., and was one of the early settlers of this town.
He built a log house on a farm, which I now own, west of Morristown corners.
Here my father, Asaph Kenfleld, was born June 26th, .1794, being the youngest of
eleven children, also being the first male child born in Morristown. When he was ten
years of age grandfather moved to Sterling, an adjoining town, (which is now a
part of Morristown) and here built a house and cleared up the wilderness to make
a farm. My father lived with his parents until both passed away, and then married
my mother, Miss Eliza Ann Shephard, who was born and raised in the state of New
York. My grandfather died July 24th, 1821, aged 85 years. My grandmother died
January 8th, 1823, aged 65 years.

I was Dorn March 13th, 1838 on this farm in Sterling, where I lived until 17 years of
age, when my father repurchased the old farm where he was born, and moved onto
it. I had one brother, Horace and one sister, Jane Ann, both younger. Previous to
this my advantages for school were poor, the nearest school house being three miles
away, which I attended during the winter term, walking this distance night and morn-
ing over bad roads, and many times through deep and drifting snow. In our new home
the advantages for school were much improved, as near by was a district school,
which I attended, and finished my education at the People's Academy at Morrisville.
I attended the fall and spring terms, and taught school in the winter to help out on
expenses.

In the fall of 1858 I went to Massachusetts and that winter taught school in West
Sutton, and at the close of the term went to Boston, and worked through the summer
until fall, when I went West. The first stop was Chicago. At that time Chicago was
a small place, and little did 1' think that it was destined to become the large and
commercial city that it is to-day. I continued on my westerly course until I reached
the Mississippi river at Prairie du Chien. In those days the Mississippi river was
the great thoroughfare between the west and south, and most of the transportation
was done by steamers constantly plying up and down this river, as at that time
steam railroads were in their infancy.

Prom here my course was down this river, stopping at all the prominent places
until I landed in New Orleans, La., in December 1859. I remained in this state,
working in different sections, both on the cotton plantation, and in the pineries until
the next spring, and the 12th day of April, 1860, I took a steamer at New Orleans for
the north and home, where I arrived the first of May.

During my stay in the south, I improved my opportunities to learn the ways of
the people, and their institutions. At that time the institution of slavery was at its
height, and I saw the workings of this great curse in all its form. I saw men, women
and children, sold and traded in the same as cattle. Husband and wife separated
and each sold to a different master. Children sold and taken from their mothers,
all of which was a common occurrence in those days in the South. In New Orleans
as in other large places where slave marts or pens, where human beings were traded
in the same as other goods and chattels, both at auction and private sale. The price
of these goods varied in the amount according to age and conditions from a very low
price up to $2,500, and in some cases perhaps more. Usually the men brought a
higher price than the women. I had always felt that American slavery was a great
wrong, and was a blot and a stain upon our nation, that should be wiped away, and
during my stay as I saw the workings of it I saw nothing to change this theory,
but on the contrary, to intensify it.

The people of the south at that time as a general thing were rich and there was
no good reason why they should not be as the slaves did the work without expense
except for food and clothing, which was of the cheapest kind, and they raised large
quantities of cotton and sugar which brought good prices and made their income a
large one, and not only this the slaves themselves represented fortunes which could
be readily turned into money. The people were generous, kind and hospitable, and
during my stay with them I can but have a kindly feeling towards them for the true
hospitality I received at their hands. They believed that the institution of slavery
was right. They had been brought up to believe this, that the colored man was made to
be the slave of the white man. This doctrine was preached from the pulpit, taught
in the schools, and discussed in the home circles, and by this training through all
their lives, for generations, they were sincere in this belief. There existed a bitter
feeling towards the anti-slave element of the north and war was threatened on every

796 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

hand provided the next president elected was opposed to slavery. At this time the
black clouds of war were gathering, and I was fully convinced that soon it must
come, and in one year from the time I left, it burst forth in all its fury.

On my return home I built a saw mill and commenced the lumber business. In
April, 1861, Port Sumter was fired upon and the whole north was aroused as never
before. Volunteers were called for and recruiting soon commenced. On account
of having lost two fore fingers on my right hand I could not be accepted. This was
a bar to enlisting during the early stages of the war, but when the Thirteenth Vermont
Regiment was raised I enlisted as a private in Company E, and soon after that the com-
pany was organized at Morrisville, and I was elected second lieutenant. On my first
medical examination I was rejected on account of the loss of my fingers, but later
was accepted and mustered into the United States service with the Company.

Here at Morrisville we drilled for some time and were then ordered to Brattle-
boro where we joined the regiment and were musterd into the United States service
October 3rd, 1862. On the 11th of October we left the state capitol for Washington,
arriving there on the 13th. Here we encamped on East Capitol Hill, which at that
time was a tract of uneven pasture land, but to-day it has become an attractive part
of that beautiful city of Washington, completly covered wih nice buildings with well
laid out asphalt streets and avenues. October 30th we left here and marched across
Long Bridge into Virginia and encamped the first night on Arlington Heights, the
abandoned home of General Lee. The next day we marched to the heights south of
Alexandria and formed a camp which we called "Camp Vermont." Here we did
fatigue duty working on Fort Lyon, picketing and drilling until November 26th, when
we broke camp marching through Alexandria to Fairfax Court House, arriving at
Union Mills the next day. Here we guarded the railroad and maintained a strong
picket line along Bull Run. On the 5th of December we were relieved by other troops
and returned to Camp Vermont going to Alexandria on flat bottom cars in a big snow
storm which will long be remembered by all who took part, arriving at Camp Vermont
the next day. December 12th we again marched to Fairfax Court House and en-
camped north west of the village. Here we again did picket duty along Bull Run,
and other guard duties. Here we remained until January 20th, when we went to
Wolf Run Shoals. This camp we fitted up for winter and occupied it until the first
of April and then went to Camp Carusi. This last was a beautiful camp near the
Occoquan river. Here we remained until we took up our march for Gettysburg.

Here I was promoted to first lieutenant and received my commission dated June
12th, 1863. On the morning of July 25th we broke camp and took up our march for
Union Mills where we arrived some time after noon. This was an extremely warm
day and through some unknown cause my face had become so swollen and puffed up
that I could hardly see, and it was with difficulty that I could march. When we came
to a halt I sent for the surgeon and he said "I had got poisoned, and the thing for
me to do was to go to a hospital." I did not relish the idea of leaving my company
at this time, but saw no other way out of it, and as there was a string of flat bottom
cars going to Alexandria, and by the aid of some of the boys I mounted one of these
cars, and arrived at the hospital that evening.

I remained here but one day and two nights when I had recovered. Then the great
question was how to reach my regiment. I went to the provost-marshal, and was told
that Lee was marching with his army up into Pennsylvania and not a train went six
miles out of the city, and he could tell me nothing about my regiment. Everybody was
excited. I went from here to Washington and found the excitement greater if possible.
I was determined to reach my regiment if by any means I could do so. Our term
of service was about to expire, and we had never been called into action, and I felt
sure that there was to be a battle in which my regiment was to take a part, and I
wanted to be with them. Not that I was anxious to go into battle and face the
cannon's mouth, but should there be one, as there was, I did not want to go home and
have it said that I showed the white feather and was at the rear when T should have
been at my post and duty. The man that tells you that he has no fear when going into
battle, my experience is that he is the first man that will desert his post in time of
battle, as there is a dread about it that few, if any, can overcome. There is a great
difference in mankind as to bravery, but the bravest are not over anxious to take a
hand in a battle like Gettysburg.

I found in Washington a train going to Frederick City, Md., to take troops to join
our army. I took this train and when I arrived at Frederick City I was as much at
sea as before. The train I came on took General Hooper back, as he had just been
relieved and General Mead placed in command, and quite a little excitement prevailed
on this account. I found troops everywhere marching northward but no one knew
their destination. I could learn nothing in regard to the 13th Regiment, so I took up
my march with others. On the night of the 30th of June I arrived at Emmitsburg
and halted for the night. The night before I had been to General Mead's headquarters
but could find out nothing about my regiment. The next morning, July 1st, I started
towards Gettysburg. This was the day on which opened the great battle which was
to be the turning point of the Civil War. I trudged on with the uppermost thought

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers 797

in my mind being where is my regiment and how can I find It. The houses along
the line were all deserted and I turned up to one and sat down on its veranda, and re-
Tiewed the troops as they marched by. Soon I saw General Sickles and staff coming
up the road. I went out and saluted him and inquired if he could tell me where the
Second Vermont Brigade was. He said, "Yes, they are aboi5t three miles below here
and will soon be along." This indeed was a great relief to me as I expected there was
to be a battle, and In fact artillery firing could at this time be heard and that great
"battle had already commenced, and I was anxious to be with my company. After
waiting some time I saw the 13th Vermont marching up the road, and it never looked
so good to me as it did at this time, and shall always remember what Colonel Randall
said as I went out to meet them, "Good God, Kenfield, where did you come from?"
and as I took my place in the company the boys gave a cheer, as they too supposed
I was back In the hospital at Alexandria.

We marched on and the sound of battle grew louder as we advanced. When we
arrived at Gettysburg it was nearly dark and the first day of the great battle was
ended. General Reynolds killed and our forces driven; back. After a hurried scant
supper of hardtack and coffee, we laid down our arms for the night, little dreaming
what was in store for us during the next two days. The next morning was bright ana
clear and firing on the picket lines soon commenced, and a little later the battle
opened in different parts of the field, but I am not going to attempt to write an
account of this great battle as history has recorded it far better than I could, should
I attempt it, and then I feel that this sketch is already too long and still I have more
T wish to say. I will note a few things that came under my observation during the
battle and let that suffice. During the day we were ordered to guard a battery, later
we were called into action charged a rebel force which had broken through the
"Union line, drove them back and recaptured seven pieces of artillery and captured
a large number of prisoners. That night the regiment lay in the front line. After
the battle was over and all was quiet, but the groans of the wounded and dying, I
went over a part of the field, and I never shall forget the sight I saw by the light
of the moon. The groans that I heard haunt me to this day. The ground was literally
covered with the dead and wounded, rebel and Union soldiers side by side. The
wounded begging for water and I did what I could to alleviate their sufferings, although
it was but little. The ambulance corps was at work taking off the wounded as fast as
possible, and by morning nearly all had been cared for. The next morning opened
up as the day before, not a cloud to be seen. Soon the battle opened on our left
and later it became terrific. We still lay in the front line expecting every moment
to go into the fray. The day was terribly hot and as we lay in the open field without
shelter the fierce rays of that July sun beat down upon us with such force that it
was almost unbearable. Our captain A. J. Davis, was struck down by this heat and
taken from the field. This left me in command of the company which I held until
the close of the battle. Here we lay until a little past one when the signal gun gave
the alarm that the closing scene of that great drama, the battle of Gettysburg, was about
to be enacted. Nearly two hundred and fifty cannon from both sides sent forth
that terrible rain of shot and shell, which continued for two hours, when that
famous charge of Pickett's was made. On they came in our front and we were ready
to receive them. Soon the fighting became terrific and not a man in the regiment
wavered, but on the contrary everyone seemed determined to check the advancing
foe. The steady and rapid firing of our boys sent death and destruction into their
ranks which could not last long. Our loss was heavy but nothing to theirs, and as
they came nearer the bayonets were resorted to, and in some instances crossed, but
soon they threw down their arms and begged for mercy. We took scoi-es of prisoners
and sent them to the rear. I captured a Confederate sword which I still keep
as a trophy of that great battle. This charge closed this great battle, the greatest
battle of the Civil War, and the Union arms victorious. The 13th Vermont Regiment
did nobly, none did better, and here they won for themselves lasting fame which can
never be blotted from the pages of American history. After this charge as we were
changing our position to the rear I was wounded by the bursting of a stray shell over our
heads. This shell killed a number and wounded many more. Here I left the regiment
and went to the hospital, and did not see them again until we met at Brattleboro
and were mustered out of the United States service. This hospital was an old barn
on the field, and was filled with wounded. I remained here but one night, and then
went to a stone house where some of the surgeons stopped. I remained here a few
days and was taken to Philadelphia to a hospital in a church where T remained until
I went to Brattleboro, and was mustered out with my company July 21st, 1863, and
all returned to our homes. Thus ended my first term of service.

I had been at home but a short time when I received a letter from Gen. P. T.
Washburn asking me to come to Woodstock as he wished to see me. I went and
naet him at his office and he said he wished to raise two more regiments from the
five that had just been mustered out. These to be the 17th and 18th, and he wished
me to raise a company for the 17th. I told him I felt that it was quite an undertaking,
as I doubted if those men who had just returned would be willing to re-enlist and

798 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

go back to the front so soon again, and then these were the darkest days of the
rebellion for the north, and it seemed to me that all had enlisted and gone to the
war that could be induced to do so. General Washburn did not seem to look at it
In this light, and said he thought quite a share of these men would be willing to go
back, but if they did not he would have to resort to a draft, as the men we had got
to have to rill the state's quota. I accepted the appointment and went to work with
a will determined to raise the company if possible. I found as I had anticipated,
that men did not wish to enlist and then quite a share of the young men were already
in the army, so the enlistment was slow, but at last I succeeded in getting my com-
pany. On the 2nd day of February, .1864, I had a full company and was commissioned
Captain of Company C, 17th Vermont Volunteers, my company being the third to
organize. We were soon mustered in and on the 18th day of April, 1864, we left the
state as a battalion of seven companies under command of Lieut. Col. Chas. Cum-
mings, tor Washington. Here our stay was short. We were assigned to the 9th
Army Corps, and took up our march for the Wilderness where we arrived the night
of May 5th. This was the first day of that fight. The next morning the battle
opened up again and we were ordered in. Hard fighting continued through the day.
About 4:00 o'clock in the afternoon I was again wounded and went to the rear, being
shot through the left arm. The next day I rode in an ambulance to Fredericksburg,
Va., where I remained in a hospital two days and was then sent to a hospital at
Georgetown, Va. After remaining here a week or ten days I received a furlough for
thirty days and went home where I remained until it expired and then returned to
the regiment in front of Petersburgh. I found a second sergeant in command of my
company, and less than twenty men fit for duty. This was a sad sight to meet, both
lieutenants dead and first sergeant sent home sick and never able to return. Less
than two months before we left the state with a full company of one hundred and one
men. I took command of these few men and did picket duty on the front line until
the battle of the celebrated mine explosion. The position we held in the picket line
was not over ten rods from the line held by the rebels, and the men could easily
talk with each other. On the morning of July 30th the mine was exploded and we
made that fatal charge. There were only eight officers that went into this assault
with the regiment, five of which were killed, one mortally wounded and two taken
prisoners, of which Lieutenant Pierce of Woodstock, was one, and myself the other.
This was a terrible hot day and the fighting was fierce on both sides. We were sur-
rounded and captured about four o'clock in the afternoon and taken to the city of Peters-
burg. There was a division of negro troops put into this fight and a large number of them
taken prisoners as well as white men and officers. When we were captured I saw many
a brave negro soldier bayonetted without mercy by the rebels and left to die on the
field. The rebels took from us whatever they wanted, our hats, shoes, watches,
knives, money, etc. They took my hat and would have taken my watch, but just
before I was captured I put it into one of my boots, and they were poor, so they did
not take them and thus I saved it. My sword I drove into the ground but they got
my pistol. That night they surrounded us with a strong guard just outside of the
city. The next morning, (Sunday), was bright and clear, but we were far from
being happy. There was a terrible bitter feeling with the South on account of the
arming of the negroes, and an order had been issued that white ofllcers commanding
negroes, if captured, should be executed. This caused a feeling of doubt among those
officers that were captured, as to what their fate would be, and many of them gave
their names and regiment to which they belonged before they were assigned to the
command of negro troops. Thus the rebel ofiicers did not find the number of negro
officers that they felt sure they should, by the number of negroes captured, and on
account of this they decided that all of the officers captured should receive what they
considered a gross insult, by forming us in four ranks and every alternate five being
negroes. In this way we were marched through the principal streets of the city of
Petersburgh receiving taunts and insults on every hand from the women and old men
who thronged the sidewalks to see the Yankees and their colored associates. I shall
always remember the little episode that occurred on this march. As we were passing
one of the houses an old lady stuck her head out of the window and cried out "Ah
birds of a feather will fiock together," and a small lieutenant near me replied, "Yes, but
we don't mix in the nest as you do down here." At this one of the guards near us
drew his gun and cocked it and says, "You insult our ladies and I will blow your

d d Yankee head off." To which the lieutenant straightened up and said, "Shoot

you d d rebel, and then boast you have killed a Yankee, as you will never kill one

by going to the front." I expected he would shoot, and felt that it was a rash thing
to take such chances situated as we were, but this lieutenant was mad clear through
at the treatment we were receiving. The guard did not shoot and we marched along.
This lieutenant was from the 31st Maine Regiment, but I do not recall his name. The
next day we were loaded into box cars and taken to Columbia, South Carolina. The
negro ofiicers, those that they found, were put into the same car with the negroes

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers 799

and they filled the car full, and then closed the door and fastened them on the
outside. One of the officers told me afterwards that he nearly suffocated, and that the
stench was terrible.

At Columbia we were at first confined in Richmond County jail. We ocupied the sec-
ond floor. This was divided up into eight cells, and I occupied one with eight others.
There was not a piece of furniture of any kind, nothing but the bare floor, and it did seem
that the bed bugs and other vermin would eat us up alive. Our rations were corn meal
and sorgum, and now and then a little piece of magotty meat. The cooking was done out-
side of the jail yard. Our allowance was very small and the sorgum I could not eat at it
did not agree with me, and with these rations I felt as though 1 should starve. Those
that had money could buy some provisions, but I, like many of the others, had none. My
watch and chain I still carried secreted in my boot, as I knew if the rebels found it
they would take it from me. One day a rebel lieutenant came into the prison and
I found he was a brother Mason, and I told him what I had, and wished him to take
it and sell it for me, and he said he would, and I let him take it. He was gone some
days when he came in again and said he had not sold it because he could not get
what it was worth. I said to him, "You can get something for it," and he replied he
could. I told him to sell it as I should starve to death on the rations I received.
Again he was gone several days which seemed like months to me, and I began to
think he was going to prove a traitor and keep the watch, but at last he came and
brought me $700 in Confederate money, and said it was the most he could get for it,
but it was not what it was worth. I offered to pay him for his trouble, but he would
take nothing, and I presented him with a Masonic pin which I had also secreted
when I was taken. This watch was a gold one and with the chain had cost me
before the war $125. With this money, through the guard, I could buy something to
eat, which with what was issued I could get along. Had it not been for this watch I
feel sure I should not be here to write this tale, but should be sleeping on southern
soil, like thousands of other Union soldiers who starved to death in rebel prisons.
No one can tell what they suffered, and no one knows what it is to feel the gnawing
pains of hunger day after day unless he has had the experience.

To let you know what things cost I will name a few of them, potatoes, $36 per
bushel; meat, from $1 to $3 per lb.; eggs, $6 per dozen, and other things in proportion.
As it grew colder I needed something for covering at night, and I bought a thin
blanket for which I paid $75 and a coarse pair of shoes $100. Most of those in the
cell with me had no money so I divided with them, but we were as prudent as possi-
ble, as we did not know how long we were to remain in rebeldom. There were many
things that happened while I was in jail, that I might relate, but I feel that I am
making this story too long and will pass over them. On the night of December 12th,
1864 we were taken from this jail and turned into an open stockade on the outskirts
of the city. All of the officers that had been confined at Charleston, N. C, had been
brought here and all told we numbered about one thousand, all officers. Inside of
this stockade there were two old buildings which we used for a hospital, and there
were sick and wounded enough to fill them. Outside of these there was no shelter
of any kind. When captured I was clad in my thinnest clothes as it was July, and I
had to walk all night to keep from freezing as it was very cold and froze hard that
night. The next day we went to work and dug out a place in the ground an(|
banked it up with a piece of canvass which we procured for a roof, and made things
as comfortable as possible. This enclosure contained about six acres, surrounded with
a stockade built of small logs set upright in the ground close together some 12 feet
high. A strong guard was stationed at intervals on a staging placed about three feet
from the top of this stockade so they could overlook this camp of prisoners and here
they walked their beat night and day, so there was but little chance for escape,
still many attempts were made by digging tunnels but none of these were successful,
as each morning a rebel officer with a squad of men came in and looked us over,
and if new dirt was found the tunnel was soon located. Many a dark day did I
experience as no one could tell when we were to be liberated. The rebel papers that
we got hold of said they would continue the war five years longer were it necessary
to gain their independence. While here we resorted to almost anything for excite-
ment. First it was a fight over some trifling thing, then a song from some good
singer, as we had plenty of them, and frequently we would have additions to our
number by some new prisoners being turned in who were recently captured. These
were called "fresh fish" and when this cry was heard a grand rush was made to see
them. We had a string hand which did much to help pass away a lonely hour. This
band consisted of two violins, a clarionet, and a bass viol. This band gave us some fine
music as they were splendid musicians. Many a dance was had here on a smooth
piece of ground, but no ladies were allowed to participate. The people from the city
built a platform outside the stockade high enough to look over, and came down often
to hear the Yankees play and sing, and they would sit on this platform and by the
number that came would say they enjoyed it. One of the songs that was frequently
called for was "Sherman's March to the Sea." This song and music were both com-
posed in this stockade. We remained here until about the middle of February when

8oo The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

one night we were hustled out of here in a hurry and taken to Charlotte, N. C. The
cause of this was that Sherman on his famous march was nearing this place. Here
we remained a tew days. Here we signed our parole papers and this was the first
ray of light to dawn upon us towards freedom and liberty.

Prom here we went to Goldsboro, N. C, where we remained a short time and
this was our last stop in rebeldom, as soon we were to bid adieu to prison life and
once more breathe the pure air of freedom under the American flag. While here I
saw a sight that beggars all description. There had been brought from Ander-
sonville, Ga., a train load of prisoners and turned into an open fieldl near by. No
tongue can tell the sad tale; no pen can write' the story in terms sufficiently strong;
no brush can paint this terrible scene so that one can fully comprehend the misery,
woe and suffering here depicted. Here was but few of the thousands that had endured
this terrible torture. These men were but skeletons, black and scurvy; they hardly
resembled human beings, with scant clothes to cover their nakedness. Many had
become idiotic and some insane. Many could not walk without assistance, and all
that I found they had to eat was a little dry corn on the cob, which they were trying
to roast or burn over a little fire so they could eat it. These men had been literally
starved to death, and but few of them ever reached home and friends.

There can be no excuse for such barbarous and inhuman treatment to these
prisoners of war, and it leaves a blot on the so called Southern Confederacy, that can
never be wiped away. February 28, 1865, we left here for Wilmington, N. C, where
we went through the Union lines and thus ended my experience as a prisoner of
war. For seven long months I had endured many privations, from the confinement
as well as cold and hunger, but the suffering I experienced was light compared t»
what those poor fellows suffered that I have already spoken of, and my watch and
chain, which I was so fortunate to save was indeed a godsend to me. And as we
went through our line and once more beheld the Stars and Stripes the scene that
followed was beyond description. These men some of which had been prisoners for
more than two years could hardly contain themselves. All wept for joy, shouts went
up from a thousand throats, they sang, they laughed, they ran, they danced, and all
acted more like lunatics than sensible men, and to me it was the happiest event of
my life. From here we went by boat to Annapolis, Md., where I remained in the
hospital some two weeks and then went home, but never again returned to my regi-
ment for duty, as these were the closing days of the war, and I was discharged from
the United States service May 15, 1865. This closed my military services and the
War of the Rebellion ended and now forty years afterwards as I behold this great
nation and the wonderful progress it has made during this time, and every old soldier,
as I do, should be proud of his country, and consider it high honor to be counted as
one of its defenders, as the Civil War did much to make this nation what it is and
with such bright prospects tor a grand and glorious future.

On my return home I entered the mercantile business, but later returned to
farming which with stock and produce buying has constituted my principal business
since the war. In politics have always been a Republican. Have held many important
town offices and in 1884 was elected by my town to represent them in legislature;
in 1894 was elected by Lamoille County to serve them in the Senate. While in the
House of Representatives I served on the general and military committee. Took art
active part in securing the appropriation for a soldiers' home, was appointed one
of the trustees, which office I still hold. In the Senate I served on the railroad, and
chairman of the military committee. Served on the railroad commission two years.
Was president of the Vermont Maple Sugar Makers' Assn. for four years. Have
been commander of the J. M. Warner Post, and in 1903 was elected Department Com-
mander of the Vermont G. A. R., and conducted the department across the continent
to San Francisco, where the national encampment was held that year. I belong to
the Vermont Commandery of Loyal Legions, and Mount Vernon Lodge No. 8, F. & A.
M. Have been married twice; first time September 5th, 1866, to Miss Lainotte C.,'
daughter of Loomis and Catharine Wheelock; she died in 1872, leaving a child, Katie
B., who was born September 1st, 1869, and being my only child. She married Carl
Smith and lives at Montpelier. They have four children, Harold K., Lamotte C.
Clifton and Frank Kenfleld. 1 was again married February 9th, 1874 to Mrs. Margaret
Lyman, daughter of David and Ann Cruller. My father died October 11, 1866, and mr
mother died September 29, 1900. She was born April 12, 1807.

FRANK KENFIELD.

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers 803

MONUMENT DEDICATED
Survivors of the Thirteenth Vermont Regiment Gathered at Gettysburg.

HISTORICAL address by Col. Henry O. Clark of East Orange. N. J.— Statue un-
veiled by Miss Clark and Master Edward Allen — Presentation address by Ralph
O. Sturtevant of Swanton — Monument accepted for the Government by Commis-
sioner Major Robbing of the 4th Alabama Regiment— Oration by Col. Albert Clarke of
Boston.

Gettysburg, Pa., Oct. 19.— This has been a most beautiful day for the dedicatory
exercises of the monument of the 13th Regiment of Vermont Volunteers in the Civil
War. The Vermont party breakfasted early and were soon on their way to the national
cemetery. The official party, numbering over 30, left their headquarters at Eagle Hotel
in two large barges about 9 o'clock. Quite a crowd had assembled when the following
gentlemen took seats on the platform which had been erected just south of the monu-
ment: National Commissioners Richardson and Robblns, Col. Albert Clarke, Capt. Brown,
Col. A. C. Brown, President M. H. Buckham, S. A. Andrews, Henry O. Clark, Heman W.
Allen, Carmi L. Marsh, James B. Scully, R. O. Sturtevant, J. H. Lyon and John Farwell.

Chairman Henry O. Clark of the committee then called upon President M. H. Buck-
ham to offer prayer, after which an historical address of the regiment was delivered
by Mr. Clark, as follows:

Col. Clark's Historical Address.

After prayer by President Buckham, the chairman, Henry O. Clark, made a few
remarks and then read a regimental record, as follows:

In response to the call of President Lincoln of August 4, '62 for 300,000 men to
serve for nine months, in which time it was then thought the war could be ended, the
State of Vermont raised five regiments of infantry, the 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th and 16th.
The 13th regiment was recruited from the counties in the Northern part of the State.
It was raised within 40 days and the several companies rendezvoused at the larger
towns engaged in the preliminary company drill as a ground work for that later
battalion and regimental drill for which it was so well and favorably known. September
29th the companies were assembled in the State camp at Brattleboro and
formed into a regiment where uniforms and equipment were issued, and they
entered into the regular duties of a soldier and of battalion and regimental drill,
guard and police duty and the usual duties that appertain to the life of a well
ordered soldier in camp. October 10th it was mustered into the service of the
United States and on the 11th it left the State for the front. By rail to New Haven,
thence by boat to Jersey City and from that place by rail to Washington, where it went
into camp on Capitol Hill with the 12th regiment which had but a few days preceded it.
It was joined by the 14th, 15th and 16th, when the five regiments were formed into the
2nd Vermont Brigade. October 30th the brigade crossed Long Bridge into Virginia,
and established a camp in the woods near Alexandria known as Camp Vermoiht. It
remained there four weeks doing picket duty and at work on the earthworks of Fort
Lyon. November 26th the regiment, together with the 14th and 15th marched to
Union Mills, where it was employed on picket duty till December 5th. It then returned
to Camp Vermont arriving there in a severe snow storm, and without tents or camp
equipage. Prom this camp December 12th the regiment marched to Fairfax Court
House, and made camp a mile beyond the Court House from which place it took its
regular turn with the other regiments of the brigade at picket duty on Bull Run Creek
in the vicinity of Centerville. January 20th, '63 the regiment marched to Wolf Run
Shoals, where it made a camp in the woods and was employed in guarding the fords
and much engaged in battalion drill and target practice. April 2nd it moved five miles
down the river to a point a mile back of the village of Occoquan on the river of that
name where it made camp known as Camp Widow Violet, named for a widow w'^o
owned the property at that place. At this time the season was so far advanced that
the cold and stormy weather of the previous months had passed and the warm sun-
shine had dried the mud we had been struggling with during the winter season. As
our colonel had somewhat relaxed the drill, camp and other duties the men were not
slow in taking advantage of the same and while the rigid picket duty was well main-
tained, parties were daily made for visiting Mt. Vernon for fishing, bathing in the river
nearby and scouting in the country both on our side and on the other side of the Occo-

8o4 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

quan. A volume could be written on the adventures and escapades of the hoys during
the time of our occupancy of Camp Widow Violet, hut aside from the capture of some
of the more careless by Mosby's Cavalry who were frequently in its vicinity, nothing
of a serious nature occurred. May 2nd it heard the thunder of the cannon at the
battle of Fredericksburg and a few days later the army of the Potomac passed us on
its way north. To us who knew nothing of the movements of the enemy their destina-
tion was unknown. June 24th we received orders to break camp the next morning.

There had been much discussion in the regiment as to the date of the expiration
of our time of service. Many contended it dated from the time of our enlistment, others
from time of muster into service of the United States. The latter was, of course, correct,
but when we started on June 25th many thought it was a start for home. Hence all
the articles the men had acquired during their term of service they desired to take
with them. Of old horses and mules discarded as useless by the army in passing over
a hundred had been picked up by the boys and nursed to the point where they could
travel and carry what the boys could not. Several score of dogs led by a string started
with us, and many of the beautiful red birds of Virginia in hastily manufactured cages
were carried on top of the ponderous knapsacks filled with partially worn clothing,
laurel wood pipes and various knick-knacks manufactured or acquired by the industrious
Vermonters during the winter. The day was hot and the pace a rapid one, and when
we reached and passed Centerville it was obvious that the route was not toward the
Green Hills of Vermont. When we bivouacked for the night with orders to start again
at daylight, a change came over the men as to the real value to them of some of their
possessions. Many of the old horses showed that another such a day's march would
be their last and were left to go their several ways. The strings were cut and the dogs
allowed to roam or follow, the cages were opened, the Inmates set at liberty, and the
heavy knapsacks were overhauled and lightened of what seemed of less value than on
the preceding day. The following and succeeding days the march was long
and rapid and at every halt the reducing of weight was practiced until after
passing Frederick and Emmitsburg and on the 1st of July when 10 miles
from this field the heavy and continuous thunder of artillery told that a
battle was in progress not far in advance. A halt was ordered, knapsacks were
discarded together with woolen blankets, overcoats, etc. Extra ammunition was issued
and at 3 o'clock the regiment started on a quick march which brought us to this field
at about sundown. The terrific fight of the first day was about over, and our forces
were concentrating on Cemetery Hill and its immediate vicinity. The brigade was
ordered from one point to another and finally located in a meadow a half mile to the
right where it spent the night. In the early afternoon of July 2nd, the left wing under
Colonel Munson, was stationed in the cemetery, supporting a battery. The right wing
under Colonel Randall remained in the rear of Cemetery Hill late in the afternoon when
it was ordered with the 14 and 16th to the left of our line where it assisted in repulsing
the desperate assault made at that point. At that time Colonel Randall was asked by Gen-
eral Hancock if he could not recover the battery which had been left in the valley to our
left. His reply was he could or die, and with his men on the run he charged into the val-
ley recovering the guns which were drawn back to our line, after which he again advanc-
ed and continued as far as the Emmitsburg pike at the Rogers house from which he took
83 prisoners. As it was then getting dark and our line of battle was located here he
withdrew his men to this spot where he was soon after joined by Lieutenant Colonel
Munson with the left wing of the regiment, where we spent the night. On the morning
of July 3rd heavy and continuous firing occurred on our right in the vicinity of Gulp's
Hill and lasted till nearly noon, and at the same time a severe engagement was In
progress on our left, near little Round Top, and while we were subject to severe can-
nonading and were the target for sharp shooters and skirmishers on the Emmitsburg
Pike and the woods beyond, we remained here without firing a gun. At about 11 a. m.
the firing ceased on all sides, now and then a cannon would be heard some miles away
and more frequently the sharp crack of a sharp shooter's rifle, but aside from that deep
silence. The heat was excessive and we stood in line here wondering what was to come
next. The stillness was ominous and oppressive. Some time after one o'clock the
cannonading opened which preceded Longstreet's or what is more often termed Pickett's
assault. From the opposite ridge far to the left to the point as far as can be seen to
the right the enemy had planted their batteries and they opened fire apparently all at
once. Over 150 guns on their side answered at once by less than 100 on ours stationed
to the right and left of this point began that tremendous duel which was continued for
about two hours. Solid shot and canister, shell and grape, chains, pieces of railroad
bars, and all kinds of missiles filled the air. The uproar cannot be described. Caissons
blew up on both our right and left, men were killed and more wounded, but our bri-
gade held its place here under the most trying conditions, obliged to receive the fire and
with no chance of returning it. At 3 o'clock the cannonading, the heaviest during the
civil war, if not in any war, ceased. After a few moments of silence the advancing
columns of the Confederate infantry came into view, crossing the Emmitsburg road to
the right and left of the Cadori House. Almost immediately another force appeared to
the left of the house aiming apparently tor our line. In all about 16,000 men. At this

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers 805

the regiment advanced into the field in front, the right being at the granite marker No. 2.
As the charging column came into the valley they turned by their left to Join the masses
at the right of the house, marching directly across the front of the regiment. We had
already opened fire and at this short range our bullets were deadly as was attested by
the long line of dead and wounded that covered the ground after their passage. As
the remnants of this division joined the main body of the enemy, they all charged on
our line at a point indicated by the high water mark at our right. By order of
General Stannard, Colonel Randall gave the order to change front forward on first
company which the regiment did on a double quick, and immediately opened fire on
the mass of men at short range. The enemy at once swung a brigade to face us and
opened Are. The cannon had all opened a rapid fire and with the bullets from tbe
musketry the air seemed alive with missiles. The regiment fired from 10 to 20 rounds
when the order to charge bayonets was given, and the men went forward at a double
quick receiving the fire of the enemy until within 20 feet of their line, then their line
In our front broke, some ran back, some to the right, some to the left. More threlw
their guns and themselves on the ground. We continued the charge to a point you will
see to the left and in front of the high water mark indicated by our marker No. 3,
where we halted. Our charge with the assault of other troops on their left had shown
the hopelessness of the whole assault and the commanding officer of the Confederate
column then ordered a retreat. We began gathering in prisoners which were passed
to the rear at first without counting, but afterwards a count of those later taken was
kept, and of which we were credited with 243. There is little question but that the
regiment captured more prisoners than it had men in its ranks. The enemy's artillery
was still enfilading our position and we soon moved back to this spot where we remained
until after dark. The regiment was then relieved from the position in the front line
of battle which it had held for 26 hours and marched to the rear of this ridge where it
spent the night. The rain fell heavily all night as it had the two preceding and did
the two succeeding ones. With the repulse of Longstreet the battle of Gettysburg
ended. July 4th and 5th the regiment remained here. July 6th it started in pursuit
of Lee, and went into camp just south of Emmitsburg and on the next day marching over
the Catoctin Mountain into a driving rain, camping on the west side, with no fire and
scanty rations. It was by many considered the most miserable night of the entire
service. July 8th the regiment was at Middletown from which place It marched to
Frederick, where it took the cars for Baltimore and Vermont, arriving at Brattleboro
July 13th. The regiment was mustered out July 21st, disbanded and its members re-
turned to their homes, from whence probably one-third re-entered the service within a
few months.

The "Star Spangled Banner" was then sung by the party, while Miss Clark and
Master Edward Allen unveiled the handsome bronze statute of Lt. Brown. The presen-
tation address was delivered by Ralph O. Sturtevant of the committtee.

Mr. Sturtevant 's Presentation of the Monument.

Mr. President; United States Commissioners of Gettysburg National Park; Com-
rades; Ladies and Gentlemen: —

In pursuance of a custom which has been honored by the survivors of the war of
1861-5, from many States we are assembled to-day on this historical field of fame and
glory for the final ceremonies of dedicating a monument in memory of the 13th Vermont
Regiment of Volunteer Infantry.

As we again look over these hills and valleys, and now view the hundreds of grand
and costly monuments of granite, marble and bronze, telling of the heroic deeds of the
living and the dead, we but faintly realize how sacred the place where once stood in
battle array the bravest of the brave, the Nation's heroes in defence of their country.

Nothing could possibly be more befitting than for the survivors of regiments to
erect In this National Park, in places of greatest danger and conspicuous valor, enduring
structures and monuments, that the deeds here done shall be perpetuated; that the story
of sacrifice and devotion, valor and loyalty so often on this field conspicuously illustrated
can forever be read by the lovers of liberty, equal rights, and just governments. This
occasion, which has brought us from our distant homes, thrills our hearts not only with
joy, but sadness too; for the book of memory opens wide and again we hear all along
the line the booming cannon, the screeching shell, the clash of arms, the piteous moans
of the wounded and dying. We see the desperate struggle, the gallant charge, our
comrades fall, and again we mourn the loss of kindred and comrades.

It is well, however, that we come, turning aside thus for a brief time from the
ordinary affairs of life for the purpose of dedicating the monument we have erected on
this consecrated ground, thereby demonstrating our love and aflfection, our exalted
appreciation of the brave men, our comrades who fought and who fell on this field of
renown.

That the deeds of such heroes shall not be forgotten, no monumental structure can
be too grand or costly.

8o6 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

This day has been designated by special order of the committee of our Regimental
association for the presentation of this monument, and other ceremonies appertaining
to its dedication.

Time will not permit me, nor is it my province or purpose to make special men-
tion of the prominent part taken, and distinguished service rendered by the 13th Ver-
mont Volunteers. Others will tell you of the honorable part borne by this regiment
during its term of enlistment and service.

We have looked forward to this day with much anxiety, that the sacred pledges
made should be fittingly consummated, and our devoted and untiring efforts crowned
with success.

"We deem it due to those of our dead who fell here, and those who afterwards died,
and will die prematurely, because of what they endured and suffered here, and in getting
here, that we should inscribe on this monument some account of those sufferings, hard-
ships concerning which history has thus far been silent.

On the bronze tablets of this monument is briefly and eloquently described facts
pertaining to the regiment.

Generous and liberal hearts have enabled the survivors of the 13th Vermont Regi-
ment to erect for that regiment a monument on this battlefield. It is now owned by
the government for whose preservation this ground was consecrated by their blood, and
the blood of their comrades.

None but a soldier who fought on this field can comprehend the intensity of our
feelings as we participate in these ceremonies.

Patriotic devotion to our beloved country is intensified because of this magnifi-
clent park, where we have erected our memorial tribute to fame and glory, here to
remain under the fostering care of a magnanimous government.

The statue is modelled from Lieut. Stephen P. Brown, of Company K. The sword
and belt held in the left hand of the figure are fashioned from the ones taken from a
Confederate officer by Lieutenant Brown on the last day of the battle. The hatchet at
the right foot of the statue dropped from the right hand is a facsimile of the one with
which Lieutenant Brown was armed when he captured the sword. And you inquire
why this unique figure? At the beginning of the march leading to this battlefield, six
days' rations were issued; and after four days of marching but little remained and no
more were issued till nine days after. Every one of these nine days furnished us with
a forced march or a fight. On the last day of the march those remaining in the line
were in a condition bordering on physical despair. The triumph of mind over matter
made it possible for them to continue, marching from mere force of will. The maca-
dam pike had worn out their shoes, and many feet were blistered and bleeding; some
were fainting from hunger and thirst. An order had been issued forbidding officers
and men from leaving the ranks except during halts or meals, and a mounted safe-
guard was posted at every available well and spring, the penalty for which violation
was death. Lieutenant Brown requested the captain of his company, Geo. G. Blake, to
apply to the commanding general for a modification of that order, so that at least faint-
ing men could have water. He answered that such an application had just been made,
and had been refused. And thereupon Lieutenant Brown said the men should have
water, and he took Private Oliver Parazo (who Is present here to-day) and filled the
canteens, though he had to force the safeguard in so doing; but he gave the safeguard
his name rank, and regiment, and his men water.

For this act he was ordered under arrest and deprived of his sword; but he imj-
mediately armed himself with a camp hatchet and proceeded as before. When this
field was reached, our lieutenant colonel, William D. Munson (also now present)
voluntarily interposed, and procured from the general. Lieutenant Brown's release from
arrest; but his sword then being in keeping of a quartermaster distant from danger
could not then be returned. Late in the afternoon of the third and last day of the
battle, while the Confederates led by General Pickett were attacking the Union Lines
to our right, and the 13th Vermont was upon the enemy's flank, Lieutenant Brown
seized a Confederate officer by the collar with his left hand, and with uplifted hatchet
in his right hand demanded surrender. The Confederate held in his left hand a pistol
loaded and cocked, but he surrendered it, also his sabre.

This historic incident of high moral courage and desperate bravery makes eloquent
answer for adopting this figure tor the statue that adorns our monument; not for in-
subordination, but because of great humanity and conspicuous bravery.

General Stark was censured by Congress because when on his way to intercept
General Burgoyne's threatened invasion of Vermont, he refused being diverted from
his purpose by an order from General Schuyler; but on the very next day, when the
news of Stark's great victory reached Congress, immediately a resolution of thanks
was voted, and he appointed a Brigadier general in the United States Army.

Our monument as a whole suggests; first: — The persistent performance of patriotic
duty to country at great personal peril, and under serious disadvantages. Second: —
Sublime moral and physical courage. Third: — A spirit that exerted a powerful in-

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers 807

fluence In uplifting downtrodden humanity always cherished hy the American people.
Fourth: — And a self effacement for the good of others as complete as any the race has
furnished from the time of Moses in Egypt to our war with Spain for the relief of the
Cubg.ns.

This monument will ever command the sympathetic appreciation of mankind, for
the human heart is in eternal revolt at power tryannizing over helplessness.

Gentlemen of the National Park Commission: —

I have been authorized by my associates and have the honor to invite you at this
time to accept from the survivors of the 13th Vermont Regiment, this monument, and
to request that it may be dedicated by you to the noble purpose for which it has been
erected.

Our regimental committee felicitate themselves, and congratulate you upon the
harmonious relations that have been maintained between us during the negotiations
and compromises that have resulted in this monument; that differences of opinion have
not been permitted to cancel the merits of personal friendship. For your courtesy and
attention in our behalf we sincerely thank you.

RALPH O. STURTEVANT.
Gettysburg, Pa., October 19th, 1899.

The monument was accepted for the government by Commissioner Major Robbins
"Who was in the 4th Alabama regiment of infantry. Major Robbins said in part:

I was often disappointed when a boy in not finding that this country was divided
by a range of mountains or by a river. There was no such division for the rivers all
ran the wrong way and I thought that the country was meant to be one. When the
slaves were emancipated white folks were emancipated as well as the black. The Star
Spangled Banner was written by a Southern man. The fact that a Southern man ac-
cepts for the government this monument speaks volumes that we are one now. I am
glad it is so. It was well that the Confederacy did not succeed. We fought for the
same rights that you fought for. The question of secession was settled at Gettysburg.
The men of the South are not as good as they ought to be but they believe in what is
good. Our defeat was not by your arms but by Him who governs all the universe. I
was at the first Bull Run, Antietam, Gettysburg, Chickamauga, Appomattox. I saw
our flag go down at Appomattox. I had made up my mind two days before that we were
beaten, and said "all would be dead or prisoners in two days. We were hungry and had
no rations. If Lee said fight we would all die, if not we all would be prisoners." After
the surrender I saw many old veterans fall on the ground and weep. They said "The
will of the Lord be done. We bow to the will of Him who is wiser than all men."

"That we Southerners are part of this country you didn't find out until last year.
You couldn't understand how men as proud as you could bow to defeat. I now reach
out my hand from North Carolina and Alabama to you men and women of the Green
Mountain State and I accept for the government this beautiful monument."

Colonel Albert Clarke of Boston was then introduced and he delivered the follow-
ing oration: —

Col. Clarke's Address.

Upon this field where nearly two hundred thousand men contested with arms over
the destiny of a nation, and where more than twenty thousand laid down their lives,
this little remnant of one of the mighty hosts has gathered to place and leave here a
memorial and a lesson.

Year by year we are becoming less in evidence and more a memory. Soon there
will be nothing but the memory left. It is a memory which the patriot and the student
of history will never fail to revere. But to the passing throng the sentinels of bronze
and stone, deployed all over the country and here assembled as nowhere else in the
world, will be the chief reminders of a terrible trial and a matchless heroism.

Standing here, we live so much in the event that it seems to have occurred but
yesterday. It is difficult to realize that we are safe here. We have to stop and think
of the changes that have taken place. Our comrades who died here and who have died
since are with us again. We see the martial array, we hear the terrific roar, our
hearts spring to our throats, our nerves become tense, we see our great opportunity and
once more before we know it and without intending it, our bounding blood and our
involuntary muscles are fighting the men with whom for more than a generation we
have been at peace. They were heroes, too, and they have come to seem to us almost
like comrades. If they are living they have our cordial greeting and if they are dead
they have our benediction. This is their valhalla as it is our own.

How like a dream it seems to stand here and revive old feelings. Very soon no-
body who comes here can share them. It is thirty-six years since we fought here.
Thirty-six years hence, just as much as when the last man sits upon some lone crag
and sees the finis of this world, not more than one or two can come here and see as
we see, think as we think, feel as we feel.

8o8 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

A regiment is more a soldier's home than even his brigade, division or corps. He
Is identified by it, honored or disgraced by it, and its history is an important part of
his own. Most of the monuments on this field are regimental. Collectively their in-
scriptions tell the story of the battle and in many cases its most thrilling Incidents.
The statues which so many of them bear are mostly of the colonels commanding. The
stranger who approaches our monument will naturally first inquire why the statue is
of a first lieutenant, and next, why one hand holds a sword and belt and the other has
dropped the hatchet lying by its feet. The inquiry will be natural and as It could
not be fully answered in the inscription, I will answer it now.

When the Army of the Potomac hastened north to overtake and engage the Army
of Northern Virginia, it had passed our regiment near Occoquan, Va., two days before
we received orders to join it. Prom the 25th of June to the 1st of July inclusive, at
first burdened with blankets, trinkets, pet animals, and all the time with arms, am-
munition and necessary utensils, our heavy woolen clothing often made more weighty
and uncomfortable by drenching showers, our shoes loaded with clay three times their
own weight, until they had to be cast off because their worn-out soles were harder for
our bleeding feet than the roads themselves, and yet we reached this field only six hours
later than most of those who had two days the start and more than that in advanc)e
of some of them. Sometimes we marched for hours after the last drop of water had
been drawn from the canteens. Many of the men became fevered and the sufferings
of others were so intense that they fell out and crawled to some muddy pool to lave
their cracking lips. Shortly before reaching Frederick, Maryland, we halted for a
brief rest in sight of a well. Its windlass and whitewashed curb gleam upon our
visions even now. We thought of the Old Oaken Bucket and of the cool waters of our
mountain homes. Our brigade commander, knowing as we did not, that we were so
near a town, where relief would be abundant, and fearing disorder and delay in at-
tempting to get a supply of water from one small well, placed a safeguard over it and
Issued a strict order against leaving the ranks. More than one captain went to hint
and sought permission to fill one canteen for his worst suffering men, but in vain.
Hearing this and being deeply moved by a few pitiable cases in his own company.
Lieutenant Stephen P. Brown of Company K handed his sword to a private loaded
himself with canteens disregarding the warning of the safeguard, filled them and re-
turned to his company and was soon arrested and obliged to give up his sword. Wben
this field was reached, Lieutenant Colonel Munson interceded for him and obtained
permission for him to wear his sword until after the battle, but when it was found to
have been sent to the rear with the supply train, he armed himself with a camp hatchet
and took his place for duty. On the following day, when we were supporting batteries
on Cemetery Hill, he noticed that one gun had become silent and on going forward to
learn the cause he found that all but two of its men had fallen. He and three men
from his company went to their aid, and passed them ammunition until they were re-
lieved. The committee to build this monument planned to record this deed in the in-
scriptions, but when Brown learned that necessary brevity required the ommlssion of
all the names but his own, he declined to have that- appear. On the third day of the
battle, when the regiment had charged upon Pickett's flank and was hotly engaged in
very close quarters, Brown saw a Confederate lieutenant near him and with uplifted
hatchet sprang for him like an Indian. The young officer instantly handed over his
sword and pistol and Brown as promptly appropriated them and dropped his hatchet.
He had spent all the previous night between the armies relieving the wounded. After
the repulse of Pickett and when the regiment had moved to another position, he
learned that Corporal Church of his company, had been left behind and was bleeding
dangerously from a wound. Promptly he returned to him and while applying a tour-
niquet was stunned by the near explosion of a shell, ^rom the shock of which he did
not recover until we returned to Vermont.

Nothing more was heard of his arrest or impending court-martial. In a few
weeks after our muster-out he raised a company and became a captain in the 17(th
Vermont. In their first battle he lost an arm and was reluctantly compelled to leave
the service. Some seventeen years after the event I related the hatchet incident in
an address before the Vermont Officers' Reunion society, which was published in their
volume of transactions. At that time Captain Brown was in the successful practice
of law in Chicago. When the Grand Army Post to which he belonged read the story,
they preferred charges against him, specifying among other acts that, unlike an officer
and a gentleman, he had fought with a hatchet, and the result was that he was co)n-
victed and sentenced to wear during the remainder of his life an elegant badge which
they then pinned upon his breast, and across the face of which is the emblem not of
savagery, but of his valor. Fortunately he is here to-day, and as he bared his breast
to the toe, I now command him to bare it to his friends.

Suffice it to say that these incidents most naturally suggested the design of this
moment; but it should be said that when the monument was only a dream, the firlgt
man to conceive its leading feature was James B. Scully, first sergeant of Company A,
who was the pivot upon which the regiment turned in making the famous flank move-

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers 809

ment that contributed so much to the result of this pivotal battle of the war. So
this is not the first time that our action has turned upon his.

One of the inscriptions shows that the monument was erected by 193 of the sur-
vivors of the regiment. The work has been admirably done by a committee consist-
ing of Henry O. Clark of New York, Heman W. Allen and James B. Scully of Burling-
ton, C. L. Marsh of Bnosburgh Falls and Ralph O. Sturtevant of Swanton. It is not a
monument to Capain Brown; it is not a monument to the committee; it is a monu-
ment to every member of the Thirteenth Vermont and most of all to Its gallant colonel.
Whatever of victory or defeat awaits us in the remainder of our lives, we have a record
■here that is assured; and if, In the contests of civil life some other man wins jaln
honor that some of us may seek, we can always find some consolation in the reflection
that he has not a monument at Gettysburg, and we have.

Now, let no one think in perpetuating this hatchet incident we honor or even con-
done disobedience of orders. We are soldiers and we know the importance of dis-
cipline. Captain Brown claims no immunity from a just judgment of his act, when
tempered with such mercy as impelled him. General Stannard, than whom there
was no better soldier, forgave him when he asked for his sword to go into battle and
more than forgave him when he heard of his gallant deeds. It is those deeds, and
others equally noble and gallant which Captain Brown insists, upon all occasions, were
performed by the ofiBcers and men of this regiment, that have long been honored in
history and for a suggestion of which, upon the scene of their enactment, this granite
and bronze will forever stand in the center of a most illustrious line.

There is no need that I should here give a history of the Thirteenth Vermont
Regiment. It is a part of the proud annals of the State and nation. Nor is it neces-
sary to describe our part in this battle to those who were here. But as an address for
this occasion would be incomplete without it, and as every visit here of comrades adds
to the common knowledge of what they did, I shall, in the briefest terms at my com-
mand, re-tell our part of the great and tragic story.

We reached the field late in the afternoon of the first day's battle, coming over the
Emmitsburg road, crossing the meadow and ridge near the copse of trees and taking
position in a clover field behind Buford's cavalry, which was then on the left flank
of our army. We were so exhausted that we slept that night although there was great
activity all around. In the morning how the scene had changed. The cavalry had
moved to the left and was out of sight. Long lines of infantry stretched to our left,
while on our right, like a glistening crown upon the brows of Cemetery Hill, were
batteries, with infantry before and behind. Soon we were moved to the green field on
the southerly slope of that hill and massed to support the batteries.

The Union line was shaped like a fishhook, the right point composed of the
Twelfth Corps, resting on Gulp's Hill and facing iiortheast, while Greig's cavalry was
beyond it, far across Rock Creek. The Eleventh and a part of the First Corps (to
which latter we belonged), occupied Cemetery Hill and faced north and west. The
Second and a part of the First occupied the left centre, from Zeigler's Grove half way
to Little Round Top, along this ridge and faced west. The Third had taken an advanced
position from the left of the Second and extended along the Emmitsburg Road to the
Peach Orchard, facing westward, and thence to the left, facing south, as far as the
Devil's Den. The Fifth, which came later, prolonged our line in rear of the Third,
and the Sixth, when it arrived on the afternoon of the second day, was east of Round
Top, facing south, to guard the army's left flank, which was also guarded southwest
of Round Top by Buford's cavalry.

Our position during most of the second day was therefore in the bend of the fish-
hook, and shells came upon us from three directions. While there the incident already
alluded to occurred, when an officer and three men of Company K for a long time helped
to serve a gun. There, too. Captain Williams of Cbmpany G fell mortally wounded,
and the honor came to me to take his place. There, also, we saw a regiment come
down from the ridge at our right in wild retreat. In vain their officers tried to halt
them, whereupon a portion of our brigade dashed across their path and we heard the
clarion voice of Colonel Randall upbraid them and call attention to our firmness.
Nothing could have been more fortunate for our encouragement. Yet another event
occurred there which was also most inspiring. The corps commanders had been re-
quired by General Meade to address their troops on the tremendous issue of the battle.
During a little lull in the firing General Doubleday came to us and spoke, as I remem-
ber it, somewhat like this:

"Boys, will you fight? Of course you will; you come from a fighting State. Not
only are your friends at home watching you, but a whole brigade of your brethren
is looking to see you emulate their great example."

These stirring allusions brought forth the heartiest cheers and there were cries
of "lead us on, and we will show you what we can do." But the time was not ye|t.
Nearly all day long we stood under shells and watched with feverish anxiety the
terrific fighting on Little Round Top, in the valley of death, over the rocks of the
Devil's Den, through the wheat field and the Peach Orchard and finally approaching us
along the Emmitsburg Road. The fateful hour had come. There was commotion im-

8io The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

mediately in our left and front. Horsemen galloped to our position and Stannard was
ordered to deploy to the left and support General Hancock. The movement was
executed on the double-quick and it took us into the midst of a hissing storm of lead
and iron. Five companies of our regiment under Lieutenant Colonel Munson, which
had been sent to the west slope of the hill to guard a battery, were unable to leave it,
but the rest of us pushed on. The Sixteenth and Fourteenth Vermont led on to our
left. When we were descending the slope towards the copse of trees where the Con-
federate column under General Wright had pressed back and penetrated the Union
line, but had in turn been repulsed, an abandoned battery in the valley was dimly seen
through the smoke and a strong column of Confederates was pushing for it. Stan-
nard had got too far to receive an order. There was not a second to be lost. Dashing
to Colonel Randall, General Hancock said: "Colonel, can you retake those guns?" "Yes,
or die trying", replied our heroic leader, and we ran yelling down the slope. It was a
race for the guns and the Yankees won it, though the Confederates got so near thajt
it seemed for a moment as though there would be a clash of steel.

We had hardly started when Colonel Randall fell with his wounded horse. His
son Charles, though only 16 years of age, was my lieutenant. He saw his father fall
and begged permission to go to him, which I granted. But in a moment he returned
smiling, saying "He is all right, it was only his horse", and before we had gone many
rods, the colonel, hatless but with sword in hand, had overtaken the line and was lead-
ing in front of the colors.

When we drew the guns up the slope I relieved my men of as many of their rifles
as I could carry and I presume other ofiicers did the same. Private John McMahon of
my company (who afterwards became the champion wrestler of the world) then made
a remark to me which I forbear to quote but which I shall always cherish, for not
even a medal of honor by Congress is so much prized by an officer as the commendar
tlon of his men. When we were met by relief, some soldier called out "What troops
be you fellers?" Many of the boys proudly answered "Green Mountain Boys", "Well,
I thought", said he, "you must be green, or you'd never gone in there". This greatly
amused and also encouraged us.

As soon as we turned over the guns we reformed in line and charged back across
the valley in pursuit of the fleeing enemy. After crossing a ditch, we were fired upon
from the rear by a Confederate who had been supposed dead. The bullet just missed
Maj. Boynton, at whom it was doubtless aimed. Three men of Company G turned to
bayonet the man but the major saved his lite. When we reached the Peter Rogers
cottage we were fired upon from its windows. Company A swung around it. Com-
pany G stood in front, and there 83 prisoners were captured, Adjutant James S. Peck
bravely going to the door and demanding their surrender. While this was transpiring.
Company C, under Captain Coburn, went to the left as far as the Peach Orchard, lo
bring in what were thought to be abandoned guns, but which proved to be only some
broken down caissons. He then moved around our right and over the ridge in front
to explore for the enemy, but on reporting that no line was in sight, and as it was be-
coming dusk, we returned to this ridge and after some changes of position, and having
been rejoined by the other companies of our regiment, we lay down upon our arms for
the night, our right resting a little in the rear of where we now stand. The Fourteenth
was on our left and the Sixteenth beyond them, though most of the latter regiment
was soon advanced and deployed as a skirmish line.

The next morning dawned clear and beautiful but ushered In a heavy cannonade
along our front. It was only a diversion, to prevent us from going to the support of
General Slocum, over back of us on Gulp's Hill, where soon began and continued much
of the forenoon one of the most terrific encounters of the battle. We heard the roar
and the shouts, saw the great clouds of smoke roll above the trees and tor hours ex-
pected an order to face about and hasten to the scene, but happily this proved un-
necessary. Then there was a long lull, during which the birds sang as sweetly in the
trees as though the air were not heavy with stench and as though two great armies
beneath them were not panting for the coming fray. During this period a large trench
was dug in rear of our left and the dead of the day before in our immediate front were
gathered and buried. The sight was not calculated to inspire courage or ambition for
military glory, but it was borne without a shudder because it afforded some relief.

Our front was infested by sharpshooters and prudence required us to hug the
earth. Many, however, were so thirsty that they crept or crawled to a spring in rear
of the Fourteenth to replenish their canteens and some men of other commands were
picked off in doing it. Then came an order for ten men from each company to gather
some fence rails that were strewn in our front and place them in line along the verge
of the low plateau 45 yards in advance. It took extraordinary courage to perform
this task. For a moment nobody moved. Then Sergeant George H. Scott of Com-
pany G, who had left Williams College to enlist and who is now a Congregational
clergyman at Atkinson Depot, N. H., sprang to his feet and said: "Come on, boys. I'll
go, who will go with me?" There was a quick response from all the companies, the
work was rapidly and well done, under a constant fire of sharpshooters and for a
wonder all the men, so far as I know, returned unharmed. We were then allowed to

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers 8ii

te quiet until the middle of the afternoon; meanwhile our line and the Confederate line
opposite were being constantly strengthened.

At a quarter past three o'clock a shot from the Confederate artillery west of the
Peach Orchard was the signal for opening fire along the line for more than a mile in
our front. One hundred and thirty-eight cannon on the Confederate side and ninety
on our side, along the crest of the ridge just back of us, opened their brazen throats
and shook the solid earth. The roar was terrific. It was distinctly heard 143 miles.
It was never equalled before or since. The air was filled with screeching missiles, the
smoke was dense and the frequent explosion of caissons added volcanic fury to the
hideous scene. Horses reared and plunged and fell. The plain in rear of the batteries
was swept of every vestige of life. Battery after battery was disabled and replaced.
Eleven caissons were exploded between Zeigler's Grove and Little Round Top and in
the southern half of that distance the five batteries of Gushing, Woodruff, Brown, Rorty
and Hazard, lost 250 horses and more than half their men. The shells exploded over
us so fast that we could not count them. Since then it has been computed by artillery
officers that the discharges of the guns and the bursting of the shells must have made
ten loud explosions every second. About ten feet behind us a broad and shallow trench
was dug by the plunging Impact. After the battle the peaceful farmers gathered along
the left centre more than 11 tons of iron hail.

After this artillery duel had continued an hour and a quarter. General Hunt, the
chief of artillery, ordered the Union batteries to cease firing and to cool their guns
and replenish ammunition. The Confederates kept up their fire, and, supposing that
they had destroyed the Union artillery, pushed their guns further to the front and
started their infantry on the most famous assault of modern times. Longstreet's
splendid corps of 17,000 men, of which Pickett's division formed the centre, moved
forward at a quick pace and in "battle's magnificently stern array." Not one of us who
saw it can ever forget the beauty of the spectacle. The line was nearly perfect. The
men moved as if by one impulse. Their burnished arms glistened in the sun. The
battle flags and the sabres of officers waved in front. Almost as soon as they came in
sight solid shot and shells from our batteries on Little Round Top tore great gaps in
the line. We have since learned that one shell killed and wounded ten men and that
hundreds of others took fatal effect. Then a voice rang out from the batteries im-
mediately in our rear: "No. 1, fire! No. 2, fire! No. 3, fire!" and then there was a blaze
and roar the entire length of this now so peaceful ridge.

Nearer and nearer pressed the gray legion, but when the Emmitsburg Road was
reached, Pickett saw that his division was further to the right than he had intended
and ordered it to move to the left. This order failed of observance by the brigades
of Willcox and Perry on his right and thus a gap was opened in his line. General
Stannard saw in an instant the opportunity of his life. The Thirteenth and Fourteenth
were immediately advanced toward the breach. Our regiment was halted at the line
of rails already mentioned and the Fourteenth formed an obtuse angle on our left.
As soon as the Sixteenth retired, firing, from the skirmish line and fell back through
our line to rally on the left, we opened fire. By this time the enemy was in the valley,
our range was short and our aim so perfect that the havoc on Pickett's right hastened
Ills movement to the left. Of course we suffered in our turn, but time forbids the rela-
tion of the painful incidents. You recall them in all the companies. General Han-
cock had ridden to the left of our regiment and was there wounded. He was assisted
from his saddle by Captain Wilder and some of his men and by Lieutenants Benedict
and Hooker of General Stannard's staff. Very soon our front was so completely un-
covered that Colonel Randall gave the famous order to "change front forward on first
company," but the din was so great that the order was not heard. Then he ran along
the line and gave the order, "By the right flank, follow me." This movement was
executed on the double quick and we moved 200 yards. When close quarters were
reached, Company A was wheeled into line where our "Marker No. 3" now stands,
Sargeant Scully taking position and holding his rifle at "present" as though he were
on battalion drill, and rapidly the other companies advanced into line upon its left
and opened another destructive fire upon Pickett's right flank, then hardly ten rods
away.

The main line from which we had advanced, and with which we then stood at
right angles, consisting of Hall's and Webb's brigades — from Massachusetts, New York
and Pennsylvania — had already opened in the face of the assailing force and with such
effect that very soon all of Pickett's regiments became a confused mass and every man
was fighting regardless of position or orders and on his individual account.

Sooner than it has taken to tell it, the assault was repulsed. When the Confed-
■erates began to throw down their weapons and wave their hands. Colonel Randall gave
the order to cease firing, but it was heard by only a few. Thereupon he did one of the
most daring and humane deeds of ihe civil war — rushed in front of his firing line,
turned his back to the enemy, almost In their midst, and with outstretched arms made
himself understood.. Then he moved among the Confederates and drove them singly
and in squads into our line. Meanwhile the Sixteenth had formed upon our left, but
seeing that the business was practically over, it faced about and charged against the

8i2 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

right of Wilcox's brigade, and thus completed the double flank movement which made
Stannard's brigade famous throughout the army and gave It a place in history as
unique as it is resplendent.

As we had captured 243 prisoners, who were gathered in rear of my company, I
was ordered to conduct them to the rear. After we had started, a larger guard was
thought desirable, so we were joined by Major Boynton and Company I. The rest of
the regiment returned to its original position and suffered In doing so from the Con-
federate artillery.

Shortly after this occurred the famous charge of a part of Kilpatrlck's division of
cavalry against the Intrenched Confederate Infantry west of Round Top, in which the
First Vermont cavalry performed prodigies of valor and suffered heavy loss.

With this the battle ended and here I should end this address. The whole world
knows the rest; and, as President Lincoln said over the graves of our dead on yonder
hill in the November following the battle, "The world will little note nor long remember
what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here." And yet, my duty Is
not quite done.

We have always felicitated ourselves that our loss was small, considering the
hazards that we took. But our killed and wounded were nearly 18 per cent, of our
number engaged. This is more than any United States regiment has sustained In all
the battles in Cuba, Porto Rico and the Phillipplnes. It Is nearly 6 per cent, greater
than the average losses in all the great European battles for more than a century. It
is 5 per cent, greater than the average losses of the Union troops In eleven of the
greatest battles of the civil war, and it is 4 per cent, greater than the average Con-
federate losses in the same battle. It embraced some of our best officers and deprived
every one of us of some dear friend. The sacrifice consecrates this ground. We linger
upon it, loath to say farewell. Many of us will never see it again; but we have left
our mark here and It is not a small one, even on the face of a nation grown twice as
great as when we fought to save its life. The Integrity of the Union and the rights
of man were made secure by the events we commemorate and a broad new vista of
the world's progress was opened before our eyes. The flag that we upheld has gained
more stars and signaled forth new messages of duty. We love it too well not to read
and heed the call, and we make our own the words of our soldier President when he
said at Aberdeen, South Dakota, one Saturday, that "Wherever that flag Is, it stands
for liberty, humanity, and civilization."

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers 813

SKETCH OF CASSIUS M. BOOTH.

CASSIUS M. Booth, second son of Samuel C. and Eunice Booth was born in Eessex, Vt.,
August 7th, 1843. He enlisted as a private in Company P, 13th Regt, Vt. Vols., and
mustered into the United States service with the regiment October 10th, 1862 He
was a person liking excitement, and as a soldier preferred picket duty to the quiet camp
lite An expert forager, never apprehensive of danger, going unaccompanied and alone
in the dead of night "to borrow," as the soldier called it, a few necessaries, for instance,
the last chicken of the roost, a pig, an entire line of garden vegetables, "or would be
seen coming into camp just daylight loaded with his comrade's canteens, having
stripped to the last drop of milk the few cows of some near by planter; never return-
ing to camp but once without his reward. One night returning from such an expedi-
tion, following a narrow path through a dark spot of cedars about one mile from
camp, he was stopped by a voice, "Who cames there?" he answered, "What do you
want?" the answer which seemed near by was, "You are my prisoner." Booth having
revolver in hand, replied, "not this time," and fired, but hearing several voices and
tramp of horses and thinking perhaps he was up against too large an opposition took
a right angle cut from the cedars into the oak woods for camp empty handed. He
met one of his comrades in the winter of 1898, whom he had not seen since the
close of the Civil War. His friend when learning that his name was Booth, asked
him if he was the Cash Booth of Company F, 13th Vt. that stole chickens and the devil
and all when South. "Well, yes, I am that Cash Booth, but I never stole the devil,
or a chicken while in the South that I could not reach. Whenever I saw one that I
could, I simply borrowed it, always expressing a desire to repay it when convenient."

At one time a Southerner complaining to Colonel Randall of missing his chickens,
the Colonel started on a round through the regiment ostensibly to detect the thief.
Booth at his tent was engaged in cooking some fowls got the night before. The
Colonel stuck his head in the tent, and said, "I'll swear those chickens came from
Vermont, I know by the smell." The night before there was some left at his head-
quarters, of course he knew. Booth's idea was that the Southerners brought on the
war and must help support it.

Booth was taken quite sick at Camp Occoquan and the lieutenant and orderly
sergeant (the captain had just died in the hospital at Washington), came to his tent
and told him they had the papers made to take him to a general hospital. He with
what emphasis a person in his condition could, said, "I will not go. I know 1' will die
if taken to the hospital." Booth had a dread of the hospital. Then changing his
voice to a pleading tone, said, "Let me stay here, I'll be better in a few days; I came
with the boys; don't take me to the hospital. If I can't live let me die in company
with the boys." They left him to be cared for by his tentmates, and the next day
he was better and was soon seen in the company grounds able to do light duty. It
was not many days after when the regiment was ordered on the long march to Gettys-
burg. Cassius M. Booth being convalescent, was detailed as guard with the regi
mental teams, which made it easier, as he could place his knapsack in the wagon and
secured him the privilege of marching with the boys and regiment on to Gettysburg,
but not the pleasure, fortune or misfortune, as the case might have been, of being
engaged in the battle.

Having served the full term of his first enlistment and honorably discharged,
C. M. Booth entered the service again, enlisting in October, 1864, as an ordinary
seaman to serve until the close of the war in the United States Volunteer Navy,
Mississippi Squadron, under Commodore Foote; and being assigned to duty, was
promoted to paymaster steward, acting in the capacity of assistant paymaster on
gunboat General Thomas of the Upper Tennessee Fleet, of which Captain Gilbert
Morton was commander. The boats comprising the fleet were, namely, "General Grant,"
"General Sherman," "General Sheridan," and "General Thomas." They each patrolled
certain assigned distances of the Tennessee River between Chattanooga, Tennessee,
to Muscles Shoals, Alabama, a distance of over 150 miles. The duty of Captain
Gilbert Morton with his boat and crew, to which C. M. Booth belonged, was to picket
the lower part of the river above the Shoals. Many lively engagements, minor and
larger, took place between the rebel forces and the gun boat, in all of which C. M.
Booth was engaged. Some were the bombardment and burning of Gunters-
ville, Ala., Beard's Bluff, the battle of Decatur in the fall of 1864, at the time
of Sherman's march to the sea, when General Hood retreated from Sherman and came
against Decatur, Alabama, with a force of 55,000, (Greely's History, 2d Vol., page
678 and 679) and made an attack on the fort and Union forces stationed there under
General Gordon Granger. The gunboat General Thomas was ordered to his assistance.

8i4 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

General Hood's army had semi-circled the town from the river three miles below the
town to a bend in the river five miles above at which point on a high bluff (except one
battery) were stationed rebel batteries comprising 26 cannon, commanding the river and
to keep the fleet or any part from going to the assistance of the Union forces stationed at
Decatur. A cavalry scout had been sent down the river to spy out the situation, and on re-
turning, said to Captain Morton, "you cannot pass Hood's batteries, they will blow you out
of the river." Captain Morton replied, "It makes damn little difference to me what
they do or may try to do; I came down here to fight and we cannot fight in a
better cause or sink, if sink we must. I have been ordered to the assistance of General
Granger and I will go, or make the attempt if they blow us to Hell." They started
and soon the battle was on.

The land forces did not know they were near by until they heard the roar of
their cannon. To them and the rebels it was a surprise, and both armies ceased
fighting to witness from their rifle pits the terrible duel that had commenced between
the gun boat and rebel batteries. The land forces and rebel prisoners taken, who wit-
nessed the fight, said, "it was a terrible and magnificent sight; one continual stream
of fire from the cannon of the gunboat, with no less activity and energy displayed
by the rebel batteries." The gunboat was ordered to cease firing for an instant and the
land forces thought they were silenced. The smoke cleared, they saw their position,
and the gunners with more determination, fiercer the fight if possible, with an activity
and will that ever gains a victory, sent destruction and death into the ranks of the
enemy, one shot disabling a cannon, bursting a caisson of powder, killed and wounded
sixteen men. They had obeyed orders, went to the assistance of General Granger,
passed and silenced the batteries rounded into Decatur and saved the town. Cap-
tain Morton, of the gunboat immediately reported to General Granger who
said, "Captain Morton, if you had been sent from Heaven you could not have
come at a more opportune moment. Had I not heard your firing and seen your boat
in the bend of the river I should have hauled down my flag in less than fifteen minutes."

The gunboat received six shots, one killed, two mortally and a few
slightly wounded. Rolin R. Sherman, from Essex, Vt., was mortally wounded stand-
ing beside C. M. Booth by the bursting of a shell, from which he afterward died
Hood's purpose in attacking Decatur was to get possession of the pontoon bridge that
spanned the river at this point. He retreated down the river that night, built his
own bridges, forded the river at the Shoals, and marched on toward Nashville, and
was repulsed by the Union forces on the bloody fields of Franklin, Tennessee, from
which he never afterwards recovered during the war. In fact the rebel army had
almost ceased to exist when General Hood was relieved at his own request, January
23rd, 1863. (Greely's History, Vol. 2, page 689).

The following is an extract from Captain Gilbert Morton's letter to the Burlington
Free Press April, 1883:

"All of Hood's batteries and his whole army were between us and Decatur at
the foot of the bend four miles distant, not a shot or shell passed through our magazine,
only a few bursting on board, as we were going, passed them at the rate of fifteen miles
an hour, but our upper works were riddled with musketry. They could not get our
range. Now I had a little experience during that unpleasantness, entering the service
early in 1861, was in nearly every engagement on the upper river, from Fort Donaldson
to the close of the war, and passing those batteries was the hottest place I was in during
the four years. C. M. Booth, of Essex, was entitled to much credit for his coolness and
bravery both before and during the action. We were patrolling the river to watch
Hood's army and learn if possible where he was going to cross the river. Booth
volunteered to act as scout and crawled through brush near enough to the enemy's
line to watch his movements. Booth went night after night, always choosing the
darkest, and returning to the gunboat at daylight, when we would start off a mes-
senger with the information to General Thomas's headquarters. In this way Booth
brought the first news that General Hood with his whole army were moving down
the river. One of General Thomas's officers carried the information to headquarters
at Huntsville and telegraphed the information bringing back the thanks of the com-
manding general to the gunboat for our vigilance in patrolling the river and for
valuable information given, with order for us to proceed at once to the assistance
of General Granger in command of the post at Decatur. We spoke to a transport above
Decatur who reported in these words, 'Captain, you cannot go to the assistance of
General Granger, for Hood's whole army and batteries are in the bend.' Said I in
reply, 'There is no better place to sell these two gunboats than right here. I am
ordered to go to General Granger's assistance and I am going. You follow me.' She
was close to our heel and close to the rebs, but we were going so fast that they could
not keep our range, but half an hour hesitation and Hood would have gobbled up
General Granger. When I reported to him after silencing the batteries nearest the
Union lines, he said to me, 'Captain, if you had been sent from Heaven, you couldn't
have come in a more opportune moment, for the enemy has taken all my outer works.'

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers 815

General Hood says in his report, 'Late in the afternoon the enemy having received
reinforcements of his gunboats, I considered it would cost too dear to force a crossing
here.' Before dark the rebs were out of sight, and that night sunk four of the same
class of gunboats as our own, which undertook to fight them lying at anchor. Without
Booth's information we should not have known in time to have rendered General
Granger the needed assistance. Records report little about the action for reason
as Rear Admiral S. P. Lee, U. S. N., wrote me this winter, because his flagship was
destroyed by fire before they were sent to Washington."

Cassius M. Booth served in the navy under this enlistment until the close of the
war, and took active part in all the engagements connected with the gunboat General
Thomas, and was again honorably discharged from the service June 25th, 1865.

A BRIEF TRIBUTE TO BRIGADIER GENERAL EDWIN H. STOUGHTON
BY LIEUTENANT COLONEL WILLIAM DAY MUNSON.

IT is with sadness I recall an incident in the brilliant military career of General Edwin
H. Stoughton, while in command of the Second Vermont Brigade at Fairfax Court

House, Va., March 9, 1863. Having been appointed Provost Marshal in Novem-
ber, 1862, of the Second Vermont Brigade, and assigned to duty as such my official
duties frequently brought me into quite intimate relation with the general and very
soon came to know and respect him as a man and officer, and soon was on very)
friendly and quite intimate relations. I was necessarily at brigade headquarters often
in consultation with the general and therefore was better acquainted with General
Stoughton than any ofiicer in our brigade, and because of official and also social
relations am perhaps better prepared to speak of this unfortunate incident in
the military career of General Stoughton than any other person. I deem it a duty
as well as an honor and privilege to mention some things connected with his capture
by Colonel Mosby and his guerrilla band. The known facts and circumstances at-
tending this incident in justice to the memory of this loyal Vermont soldier and brave
and efficient officer should be made a part of the military history of our state, that false
stories and unjust criticisms may be answered and his military life and character
vindicated.

It was claimed at the time of his capture that the beautiful and brilliant Miss
Antpnia Ford, who justly had the honor of being the handsomest and keenest woman
in old Virginia and held a commission as major, was a guest for a few days at Dr.
Gunnells, in whose house General Stoughton had his headquarters. General Stoughton,
by Invitation, sat at dinner with Dr. Gunnells, and was introduced to Miss Ford,
and as a gentleman accorded her every attention that her position as guest at Dr.
Gunnells, and her education and talents demanded, and nothing more. The mere fact
of being a guest of Dr. Gunnells, a man of reputation and high standing and reputed
to be a Union man and living at Fairfax Court House within our lines and under our
protection was sufficient to justify General Stoughton to be courteous to Dr. Gunnells'
guests. During Miss Ford's stay at Fairfax Court House, she in company with Dr.
Gunnells and General Stoughton as escort, was frequently seen In the streets of
Fairfax Court House on the parade ground, at the brigade hospital and on horseback
with the general as he moved about from regiment to regiment in discharge of duty.
Both were young, single and handsome, and could justly claim an enviable standing
and reputation in society. Miss Ford was a lady of character and was not a guest
at Dr. Gunnells' house by any connivance of General Stoughton. Because of the
stealthy and somewhat mysterious manner of General Stoughton's capture many
insinuations and foolish rumors were circulated and therefore the government caused
the arrest of Miss Ford and nine other citizens for alleged complicity with the capture
of General Stoughton, sent them to the old Capitol Prison at Washington, and an in-
vestigation was had but nothing could be proven against Miss Ford or any one
else and they were released and General Stoughton fully vindicated so far as being
in any manner overreached by Miss Ford.

8i6 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

Col. John S. Mosby, C. S. A., in his article, page 148, Vol. 3, Battles and Leaders
of the Civil War, gives a full account of the manner of his capture of General Stough-
ton, vifhich should banish forever every insinuation that Miss Ford or any other
woman as spy or otherwise contributed by information or advice in the plan of
capture of General Stoughton. Colonel Mosby says that his purpose on this midnight
ride through and within the Federal lines at and near Fairfax Court House was the
capture of Col. Percy Wyndham, who with a cavalry brigade was encamped on the
pike leading from Centreville to Fairfax Court House and because Colonel Wyndham
had sent him word after repeated attempts to capture him, that he was a horse thief
and Colonel Mosby almost nightly somewhere along the picket line in charge of
Colonel Wyndham would dart down on his outposts like a hawk on its prey, capture
a vidette or two, some army supplies, and quickly return back among the mountains,
and then Colonel Wyndham with a large force would pursue in vain. The capture of
Colonel Wyndham was Mosby's main object, and says, "I was more anxious to catch
Wyndham than any one else," and this he attempted to do first but fortunately Colonel
Wyndham had gone to Washington and escaped capture. Incidentally a captured
guard revealed General Stoughton's headquarters which led to his untimely capture.

It is of no moment at this distant day to coagitate as to what might have been
the history of our regiment had General Stoughton not been captured. This incident
is only one of the contributing causes that culminated in the unexampled career of
Colonel Randall's Green Mountain Boys. Colonel Mosby penetrated our picket lines
as only he knew how to do on this occasion (he had often done the same before).
He kept the Second Vermont Brigade, Colonel Wyndham's Cavalry Brigade, the First
Vermont Cavalry, and other troops during the fall and winter of 1862-3 busy most of
the time because of his almost nightly forays among us and attacks on our picket
posts. He was alert and acquainted with the country and the inhabitants, no doubt,
furnished such information as they could obtain.

In my humble opinion whoever might have been in command of the Second
Vermont Brigade on the night of March 9th, 1863 would have been captured. Un-
fortunate indeed was it for General Stoughton that he had made such an enviable
reputation as Colonel of the 4th Vermont Regiment that justly entitled him to the
appointment of Brigadier General and the command of the Second Vermont Brigade.
He was a graduate of West Point, resigned his commission in the regular army,
returned to his native state and was made colonel of the 4th Vermont Regiment at
the age of 23 and brigadier at 24. He was young, brave, ambitious, brilliant and
handsome, and gave promise of high attainment as a soldier. He was taken prisoner
not because of neglect or fault of his. Was taken to Richmond, and in due course
of time exchanged, but not until after the Second Vermont Brigade had served out
its term of service and returned to Vermont and mustered out. He was a high
spirited gentleman and keenly felt the manner of his capture. I never saw him after
the day of his capture. I was told that he regretted that he had not been killed
on the battlefield of Antietam at the head of his regiment, so great was his disap-
pointment on account of capture. I trust the recital of these facts and circumstances
will forever put to rest the unjust criticisms made at the time of the General's capture
and since. My position as commander of the provost guard of the Second Vermont
Brigade and my headquarters being near his and in almost daily consultation with him
by reason of my duties gave me better opportunity and more accurate information as
to this sad event than possible for any one else to have, and my means of knowledge
fully warrants my statements, and I am thankful for this opportunity to place on
record a vindication of the character of General Edwin H. Stoughton. He was loyal,
brave, competent, alert and attentive to the duties pertaining to his high and responsible
position. He died broken-hearted and untimely, but now peacefully sleeps beneath the
clouds of the valley in the Green Mountain State he so deeply loved and honored.
Let justice be done.

Vv'ILLIAM DAY MUNSON,

Lieut.-Col. 13th Vt. Regt.

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers 817

BIOGRAPHICAL AND HISTORICAL SKETCH BY LIEUTENANT
COLONEL WILLIAM DAY MUNSON.

Colchester, Vt., April 27, 1902.
R. O. Sturtevant, Esq.,

Dear Comrade: Your kind letter or circular was duly received, and in reply
must say that it seems to me the most difficult thing in the world to write a history
of one's self. It certainly requires a large amount of assurance that I confess I
do not possess. One person might write his history with an extreme amount of
modesty, making no claim to ever having done anything of importance or consequence
whatever; another might write the same history and praise and magnify every act
of his life. So, not knowing which side of the fence I might take, I will simply give
you my "descriptive list," and as you are writing the history it would probably
be better suited to the book to be put in your own language or form as may seem
best to you.

I was born February 17, 1833, in Colchester, Vt., and attended district school in
my native town and also at Bakersfield Academy two years at 12 and 13 years of age.
Graduated from Norwich University in 1854 in the same class with Admiral George
Dewey. I was assistant engineer on survey of St. Croix and Lake Superior R. R.,
from the Mississippi River near St. Paul to Superior City, 136 miles, in 1855 and 1856.
I returned east and married Julia A. Henderson of Sherbrooke, Canada, in 1857. In
1861 I recruited a company of 100 men for a battery of Light artillery, with a promise
from Governor Fairbanks to equip said company with six brass field pieces. I drilled
the company at Winooski for one month and then went to St. Johnsbury to see the
governor and ask him to fulfil his promise. After thinking the matter over for a
day or two the governor arrived at the sage conclusion that "the war was about over"
and that the purchase of the guns would be a great expense to the state and probably
would not be needed, so 1' was obliged to disband the company. My history, muster,
services, etc. with the 13th Rejimsnt, of course you know all about from the records,
andi from being in the same regiment. In July, 1864, at the urgent request of Governor
Smith and Adjutant-General Washburn I had the honor to be appointed one of the
twelve state agents sent to different points in the South for the purpose of enlisting
as many of our colored brethren as possible to the credit of the State of Vermont under
the call of the president for 500,000 more. With a pass from the Secretary of War,
I did manage with the utmost difilculty to get to Sherman's army, then between
Marietta and Atlanta. But not a nigger was to be had at any price. The army required
their services on the railroads. In brief the wonderful experiment resulted in the
stealing two poor niggers by the twelve agents which cost the state, so the Adjutant-
General informed me, nearly $10,000.

Since the war I have spent ten years in North and South Carolina and Georgia
in the music business and trade. That is about all there is of it in a nutshell; nothing
very grand or creditable. I saw a statement the other day from a worthy Divine
"that it is entirely wrong to wish that we could live our life over" — nevertheless,
right or wrong I should like very much to be able to try it, anid see if 1
could not make some slight improvement. I presume I have written all that is required
and perhaps more, but will add a few lines.

Soon after our arrival at Camp Vermont just south of Alexandria, Va., in Novem-
ber, 1862, 1 was detailed and appointed provost marshal of the Second Vermont Bri-
gade and at the time of General B. H. Stoughton's capture was located at Fairfax
Station, having under my command 100 men and two officers.

Writing of the old days brings to mind a little episode that occurred while my
headquarters were at Fairfax Station. Standing in my oifice door one fine morning
I espied approaching three stacks of canteens glistening in the sunlight. They halted
near my tent door and from inside of one stack came the order, "Halt, stack canteens."
It made a pretty large pile and to my wondering eyes was revealed a Sergeant and
two privates of my old Company D, 13th Vt., then on the picket line 10 miles away.
I took in the situation and divined their mission. "Well," said I, "good morning
boys; but what are you up here for so early, and so far away from camp, and what
do you want?" The answer came simultaneouly from all three, "Rum!" "But,"
said i', "you won't get any here; strictly against General Stoughton's orders." "Damn
the orders; we want these canteens filled with good whisky or Fairfax Station goes

8i8 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

up the spout." They said, "the measles had broken out and the boys were sick and
were in need of some good commissary whisky. I did not ask many questions; I
knew them pretty well and they would not have marched from Camp Wolf Run
Shoals in mud and over corduroy road 10 miles loaded down with canteens unless
they felt a dire necessity for whisky." They said that many of Company D boys
were down sick with the measles and must have some good whisky right away.
I invited them in to hard tack and coffee. The sergeant complained that he was sick
and thought he, too, was coming down with the measles and so said his companions.
I gave them an order on the commissary who filled their canteens and after breakfast
shouldered their canteens and side by side in good order with route step started back
for camp, anxious to fill and fulfil their mission of humanity.

I visited the regiment a few days later and found the Sergeant and his boon com-
panions all right and attending strictly to duty. My esteemed friend. Sergeant H. O. C.
informed me that all of Company D. boys passed through the attack and siege of
measles all right and would soon be as good as ever. I was thankful but made no
mention of the commissary whisky obtained on my order down at the Station. I trust
you will excuse the reference to this little incident of camp life, but similar ones
were the every day history of our regiment. I would like much to write of the indi-
vidual members of Company D. They were courageous and brave and loyal, and did
their full duty on the battlefield of Gettysburg. I was proud of their valiant deeds
and of the 13th Vermont Regiment in that great and important battle. Our regiment
and brigade was extremely fortunate in its commanders, and to be so situated on that
field of battle, as to have rendered conspicuous assistance in securing victory. The
true history of the 13th Regiment at Gettysburg reflects credit on the state of Ver-
mont and I sincerely hope that Col. Albert Clarke, Lieut.-Col. A. C. Brown, Judge
Cornelius Palmer, Captain Stephen F. Brown and others that I know who are able
and well qualified will prepare historical sketches for publication in the book soon,
1' hope, to be issued. I regret that the brief sketch is not of more interest. Hoping
the old boys will give you all the assistance possible and wishing you success, I am
as ever, your old friend and comrade,

W. D. MUNSON.

Tlic Tliirtcenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers 821

THE THIRTEENTH VERMONT REGIMENT ASSOCIATION PUTS
MARKER ON COLONEL MUNSON'S GRAVE.

18th Annual Meeting-.— Address of Welcome by Hattie MacBride.— Col. Albert

Clarke of Boston Delivered Dedicatory Address.— Judge

Lyon Elected President.

COLCHESTER, July 3.— In the presence of a large assemblage of people at the old
i'lunson cemetery in this town this afternoon, the bronze tablet placed by the 13th
Vermont Regiment Association on the monument of Lieut.-Col. William D. Munson
of this town, was dedicated with a fitting patriotic celebration. The occasion was
ihe observance of the 18th anniversary of the 13th Vermont Regiment Association
and that body sought to honor itself by honoring the memory of Lt.-Col. Munson, the
man who commanded the detached left wing of the 13th, supporting a battery on
Cemetery hill in the great battle of Gettysburg.

All circumstances combined to make the occasion a success and the event one
long to be remembered by those who participated. The day was ideal; the entertain-
ment provided by the ladies of Colchester was hosi)itality itself and the speeches were
without exceptions, utterances of the highest patriotism expressed in terms of eloquence
and enthusiasm. Included in the attendance were four score survivors of the gallant
13th, besides other veterans of the war and throngs of men, women and children
from Colchester and the surrounding country all of whom united for one purpose — to
honor the memory of a good man gone.

Business Session.

The business meeting of the 13th Regiment Association was held at 10; 30 o'clocii:
in the morning in the parish house of the Congregational Church. The president of the
association Col. Albert Clarke, also head of the Home Market Club, Boston, presided.
\n address of welcome was delivered by Miss Hattie MacBride of Colchester. Miss
MacBride, surrounded by a group of young ladies each of whom bore letters which
combined' read "13th Vermont," spoke as follows:

Address of Welcome.

"We come before you with symbols on our breasts that read 13th Vermont. A
name In which you glory and feel so great and justifiable a pride, and whose flag
vou followed To this remnant of the 13th, we, of a later generation, in behalf of
the citizens of this town extend to you a most hearty welcome. On this soil, in
th s and" the adjoining town of Milton, Company D of your regiment was mainly raised.
F'chtv-four men from these two towns joined this company which made one-tenth

f the regiment. Out of 47 men from this town seven are now residing here. Including
t ■ at Winooski. Can the citizens of this town feel otherwise than greatly honored
■ °'our coming here? You, in whom so many had occasion to follow, with deepest
^^terest vour conduct as soldiers. Were they difappointed in you by any lack of
Jl a nualities that make the American soldier? You who, 43 years ago this day,

xecuted the order, 'Batallion! chaige front forward on first company!' and thereby
oained immediate and lasting renown. The news of the victory at Gettysburg was
°ent flashing to every city, hamlet and rural home of the North, prominent in which
was the report of the action of Stannard's 2nd Vermont Brigade and particularly
the execution of the order by the 13th and its results. No disappointment in this,
but how proud was all Vermont.

822 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

"No history of the great battle of Gettysburg has been written, without prominent
mention of the bravery and staying qualities of Stannard's brigade. Even we who
are young know your war record and all grant that you are the peer of every
Vermont regiment, and that we deem sufficient praise; for no stain rests on the sol-
diery of Vermont from Ethan Allen down. We know your history as soldiers of
the Civil "War; we know something of your association, that it is the peer, also, of
any and all like associations. Your work has been constant, in keeping in touch and
helping in many ways your comrades while living and after death burying them
with wreaths on their caskets and establishing lasting memorials to them. Over the
grave of your brave Colonel Randall you erected a costly monument. At Gettysburg
you have done your full share in marking and beautifying that great field for the
guidance of all student visitors for centuries to come. And now today you are to
perform another loving and gracious act in the dedication of a lasting tribute in
perpetuation of the lifework of one of your comrades.

"We are proud to have such an association here. We wish our facilities were
such that we could keep you longer and do more for you. But during your short stay
we hope to anticipate your wants and to do all it is possible to do to make your
remembrance of this visit to the home of Company D, a pleasant one."

The Dedication.

At the dedicatory exercises which commenced at two o'clock in the afternoon,
music was furnished by Munson's band. The dedicatory prayer was given by the
Rev. George H. Scott of Atkinson, N. H., formerly of Company G.

Col. Clark Presides Representing Company D.

Col. Henry O. Clark, chairman of the tablet committee, presided and spoke as
follows:

"Ladies and gentlemen, comrades of the 13th Vermont Association. We are
assembled here to-day to pay a tribute to the memory of one we loved, to dedicate
a tablet that shall endure for centuries and tell to our children, our grandchildren
and our grandchildren's grandchildren the story of what this man did in 1863. At our
last annual reunion a resolution was offered that a tablet be placed on the monument
of our last lieutenant-colonel by this association. The proposition met with instant
and unanimous approval. A committee was appointed and instructed to prepare an
inscription, have the bronze tablet made and dedicated at the earliest possible date,
and we are here to-day tor that purpose.

"It is now forty-four years since, in response to the call for more soldiers to fill
the dwindling ranks of the Northern army, this town of Colchester, and Milton, the
town adjoining on the north, raised a company of one hundred men. The organiza-
tion was made here and by unanimous vote William D. Munson was elected captain
and the company became known as Company D of the 13th Vermont Regiment. Cap-
tain Munson was then in his thirtieth year. Tall, straight as an arrow, having a
cheerful manner, and a disposition that won the hearts of all that came in contact
with him, he made a model ofTicer.

"While he could be stern and rigid in discipline he was just and impartial. His
decisions were always based on principle and justice, and his men, recognizing that
fact, implicitly obeyed his orders, and he gained the love of the company and later,
of the regiment.

"Soon after reaching Virginia he was appointed brigade provost marshal and at
Fairfax performed the duties of that responsible and difficult office with such good
judgment and exquisite tact as to win the praise of the superior officers.

"On the resignation in May, 1863, of Lieut. Col. Brown, to accept another position
in the service, which he ably held near the end of the war. Captain Munson was
promoted lieutenant-colonel of the regiment and as such served until the expiration
of our term of enlistment.

"At Gettysburg he commanded the detached left wing of the regiment, July 2,
and as second in command participated at the battle of .July 3. There was none
braver and more daring than he or that more fully offered life in battle for his
country's cause.

"In Pickett's charge he was wounded, and might, and would have been justiPed in
doing so, have withdrawn from the action, but he continued with his command
till the engagement was ended. On returning to Vermont he was honored by election
of high sheriff of the county which office he held two terms. He was born and died
within one hundred rods of this spot and with the exception of a few years in the
West and South his life was spent here. Kind, generous, loyal and brave, we honor
his memory. The world would be a better one to live in if there were more like him.''

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers 823

Presentation by Colonel Allen.

The memorial tablet was presented by the association through Col. Heman W.
Allen of Burlington, in the following words:

"Mr. Chairman and Comrades:

"Your committee to whom was entrusted the work of ijrocuring and placing this
monument of granite, a tablet in memory of our late Comrade Lieutenant-Colonel
William Day Munson, have finished their labors and in the name of the members of
the Thirteenth Vermont Regimental Association do hereby present to the citizens of
this community, the brother, the son and daughter and the grandchildren of our
deceased friend, this tablet of bronze on which we have caused to be inscribed in
letters which will be lasting the following lines:

" 'WILLIAM DAY MUNSON
A graduate of Norwich University, 1854
Captain Co. D, 13th "Vermont Regiment,
U. S. V.
September 6th, 1862.
Promoted Lieutenant-Colonel, May 5th,
.1863.
At Gettysburg, July 2, 1863 he commanded
the detached left wing of the regiment
supporting a battery on Cemetery
Hill.
July 3, second in command, he participated
with the regiment in the
deadly assault
on the flank of the Confederate
charging columns, bravely do-
ing his full duty in that ter-
rible hour, which turned
the tide of the battle at the
point since called "the high wat-
er mark of the rebellion."
This tablet is placed here by his com-
rades of the 13th regiment, as a token
of their respect for him as an ofil-
cer, and their affection for him
as a man, July 3rd, 1906.'

"May this example of patriotism, loyalty and bravery in those trying times of the
nation's history be an incentive to the coming generations of American citizens."

Acceptance by Judge Lyon.

Judge John H. Lyon, of Colchester, formerly of Company D, accepted the tablet
in the following speech:

"Mr. Chairman and Comrades:

"The family name, Munson, has been known in Colchester nearly as long as the
town has had a name.

"Colonel Munson was of the third generation known to this town. His grand-
father, William Munson came here a young man, from Dover, N. H., in 1790; was
engaged in the lumber trade with Ira Allen, afterward going into the same business
for himself and acquiring a large landed property. It is said that at one time he
owned more than one-half of the town lots in Colchester. He raised a large family
of children, fourteen in number, William B., the father of Colonel Munson, being the
fourth. He lived on and owned the farm south of and adjoining this cemetery. On
this farm William Day Munson's youth was spent, from here his first venture into
the world was made, going to Norwich University, whence he graduated as a civil
engineer and where he acquired the military tactics and a soldierly bearing. From
this time Colonel Munson was familiarly known by all the people of this town and
vicinity, being prominently identified in all public affairs. Here with us are his son,
William Munson, and his daughter, Mrs. Minnie Wright of the fourth generation, and
the fifth generation are here also, five in number, one of them being William Herbert
Munson, who is the fifth William in direct descent known to the -people -of this town.

824 The Thirteenth Regiment I'ernioitt J'olunteers

Here in this group of gravts in this old cemetery are buried three generations of
the Munson family. This tablet we dedicate to-day will be a source ot pride and great
interest to the citizens ot this community and to the children and grandchildren
still greater; and with what interest and satisfnction the future generations will view
and read this enduring tribute to one of their ancestors. Centuries hence, Colonel
Munson's descendants will study this inscrii)tion and learn therefrom that this an-
cestor was, first, a scholar; that about in the middle of the ]9th century he was a
soldier in the great Civil War of that period; that he was an ofHcer in the l3th
regiment from his own State; that he was engaged in the great battle of Gettysburg
ot which history is replete; that at the critical time in this battle when the Union
forces were stubbornly attacked he fought bravely in the rei)ulse of the enemy, and
finally they, will read with gratification that this tablet was placed here by his com-
rades, who fought with him well in war and in peace, placed here as an evidence ot
their respect and affection for him.

"After five generations more have come and gone and still more after them, this
tablet will remain to pioclaim these facts in the life of their ancestor. Col. \Vm.
D. Munson.

"Now, Mr. Chairman, For, and in behalf ot the citizens of this community, for the
family and for the long line of descendants, who will come after, this tablet is
now accepted."

Colonel Clarke's Address.

The address of the occasion was delivered by Col. Albert Clarke, ot Boston, presi-
dent of the Home Market Club and a former member of Companies I and G. Colonel
Clarke spoke as follows:

"Comrades and Citizens: On Ihis 43rd anniversary of the greatest battle in
the annals of our country, it is most fitting that this group of survivors should hold its
annual regimental reunion at the grave of the latest of their field officers to pass
away. We thank his children for permitting us to place upon the monument which
their love has reared the tablet which we now dedicate. It gives in appropriate
language his military record, but particulars were necessarily left to be spoken. From
data furnished me by his long time comrade and townsman, the accomplished secre-
tary of our association, Judge .John H. Lyon, I am able to present the facts of his
career and from personal knowledge we can eulogize his fine qualities and worthy
deeds.

"William Day Munson was born in this town of Colchester February 17th, 1S33.
He improved his opportunities for education and was graduated at Norwich University
in 1854, his class being one ahead of Admiral Dewey's, although Dewey, by reason of
having received an appointment to the U. S. Naval Academy at Annapolis, left Nor-
wich at about the time Munson letr. The next year was written the famous song of
that institution, entitled, 'The Old South Barracks, Oh,' which was sung to the West
Point tune of 'Benry Havens, Oh,' and it is appropriate here and now to recall its
tribute to the heroes to be:

" 'To the Army and the Navy
Each prospective- grand hero.
Who went out from among us.
To fight his country's foe, —
May he win a crown of laurels.
Where'er Fame's breezes blow.
And shout amid the battle's blast
For the Old South Barracks, Ohl'

"Soon after graduating, having developed jiroficiency in engineering studies, young
Munson was appointed assistant engineer of the St. Croix and Lake Superior rail-
road, which ran 15ii miles from Point Prescott on the Mississippi river to Superior
on Lake Superior. He was there two years, making the preliminary survey the first
year and locating the road the next, and then for two years he was surveyor for the
county of St. Croix in Wisconsin. Engineering opportunities in that vicinity Ijeing
then exhausted, he returned to Vermont and engaged in surveying and farming until
the outbreak of the Civil War.

"In ISfil hi' recruited 100 men for a battery of artillery and was elected captain,
but after he had drilled the company for one month it was disbanded by order of
Governor Fairbanks, because he with many others, believed that the war would soon
end. The next year, when the Thirteenth Regiment was recruited, ilunson was elected
captain of Company D, and in that capacity most of us first knew him. Somehow we
did not hear of his military education but we saw his soldierly bearin.g and it did
not take us long to discover the efficiency of his company. Others of us would not

The Thirteenth Rcgiincnt ]'ciiiwnt J'ohiiitccvs 83S

admit then, however, nor will admit now, that Company D was any better than the
other companies, but if It was, the superiority was due to him.

"By the resignations of Lieutenant-Colonel Brown and Major Clark in the spring
of 1863, there was created an opportunity for promotions, which engaged the serious at-
tention of Colonel Randall and some of the captains and lieutenants. The regular army
rule was to promote according to rank and rank was determined by the dates of commis-
sions in each grade. There is reason for the rule in the regular army, where the
officers are all educated in military science, but in the volunteer service, where in the
beginning officers are elected by the men, often, without any knowledge of their mili-
tary fitness, the rule is sometimes more honored in the breach than in the observance.
At the time referred to, our ranking captains were Lonergan of Company A, Wilder
of Company B, and Coburn of Company C. Colonel Randall recommended Captain
Munson for the lieutenant colonelcy, chiefly on account of his military training, and at
the same time he recommended Captain Boynton of Company E, for major, not on
account of any superior fitness, but to wholly ignore the rule of rank. The recom-
mendations were forwarded to the governor and it was learned by telegraph that
commissions had been made accordingly and were on their way to Virginia.

"One day when Colonel Randall was to be absent and Munson was otherwise
engaged, Boynton was designated to command the regiment. Nothing out of the
ordinary occurred until the line was formed for dress parade, and then Captain Loner-
gan asserted what he considered his right and undertook to displace Boynton as
regimental commander. Standing near together, both issued orders — the customary
dress parade orders — which were partly obeyed until they became so conflicting that
the company commanders did not know what to do, and then Boynton ordered the
parade dismissed. Some of the companies promptly marched to quarters, and there
being only a minority left. Captain Lonergan wisely concluded to transfer the contro-
versy from the field to brigade headquarters. General Stannard came to the regiment
to investigate, but as the new commissions had by that time arrived, he did not deem
It necessary to subject anybody to discipline, and thus what might have become
a very serious incident was closed with as little feeling as could have been expected.

"Happily Lieutenant-Colonel Munson was in no way blamed for his jiromotion and
he had no part vo^ the event just related. His invariable politeness and consideration
for others won and held for him the respect of those who had felt entitled to his place
and in every respect he 'made good.' On the second day of the battle of Gettysburg,
as this tablet states, he had command of the left wing of the regiment, which was
detached on the south of Cemetery Hill and sent to a more exposed position on the
west front to support some batteries. While he and one-half of the regiment were in
this position they had an opportunity, near sunset, to witnfss the brilliart dafh made
by Colonel Randall and the other five companies, at some distance to their left, down
past the copse of trees which became famous the next day as the 'high water mark
of the rebellion,' and where a battery which was about to be seized by the enemy
was bravely recovered by them and drawn to the rear, amid the cheers of many
thousand men. Munson and his men had every reason to be just as proud of this
achievement as though they had been in the charging column, for they were keeping
back a body of the enemy which otherwise might have overwhelmed Randall and his
little band. I say this as commander of one of the charging companies and I give
equal credit to the presence, not far to our left and rear, of General Stannard and the
Fourteenth and Sixteenth Vermont regiments, which constituted all the rest of our
brigade that took part in the battle.

"After nightfall the regiment was reunited and the brigade took the position which
it held the next day until it moved forward to meet and help to repulse Pickett's
charge. That thrilling event has been described so many times that there is no
occasion for me to repeat the great story here, but I hope it will not be thought amiss
for me to say to the civilians, and especially the young people here, that this group
of comrades before me now went through that blazing, hissing, roaring hell of fire
and death, doing deeds that shine resplendent in all the world's great feats of arms
and contributing their full share to the decisive result of that turning battle of the
war. Colonel Munson discharged his duty to the utmost, and though slightly wounded,
he did not leave the field. The people of Colchester may forever take pride in point-
ing to this grave as that of an officer without reproach, a hero tried and a comrade
true, and let us hope that in future trials and emergencies his example will inspire
other youths to stake their all and to do their best when country calls.

"Having been mustered out with his regiment at the expiration of its term, he
devoted himself to home duties for a year and then accepted an appointment by Gov-
ernor Smith to recruit colored volunteers in the State of Georgia and Alabama, to
apply on the quota of Vermont under the call of July 18, 1864, for 500,000 men. Pro-
ceeding to Nashville, Tenn., and Marietta, Ga., he and the other agents, of whom there
were more than fifty from different states, learned that General Sherman was strong-
ly opposed to such recruitment, although it had been authorized by act of Congress,
and the provost marshal informed them that enlistments would not be allowed and it
they obtained any recruits no transportation would be furnished tor them. In fact, as

826 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

fast as able-bodied men came within' the Union lines they were given employment by
General Sherman at good wages in building and repairing roads, bridges and earth-
works and in the transportation of supplies, consequently it was impossible to obtain
any recruits, and as soon as Colonel Munson had satisfied himself of this, he con-
scientiously returned to Vermont, so as to save the state expense. In 1866 he was
elected by the general assembly a brigadier-general and placed in command o£ the
first brigade of the first division of the formidable militia force which the state then
maintained but soon reduced to a peace basis. Thus closed his military career, which
had not been great but was in all respects creditable.

"Thenceforth he devoted himself chiefly to the duties of private life, although he
ivas sheriff of Chittenden County for four years in the late sixties. Prom boyhood
he was fond of miusic and became an accomplished player, leader and teacher. For
many years he conducted the music in his church. He excelled as a violinist and
was the organizer and leader of the Munson orchestra, whose fine music is such an
attractive feature of this occasion. In the spring of 1878 he went to South Carolina
and for seven years was occupied in teaching music and managing a music store.
After returning to Vermont he spent the remainder of his life in surveying and in
assisting his son with whom he lived.

"Colonel Munson was married in Cleveland, O., on the 22nd day of January, 1857,
to Julia A. Henderson, of Sherbrooke, Canada, with whom he lived happily until her
death in 1878. Many of us remember what a handsome couple they were. Of the four
children born to them, two died in infancy. The others, Mr. William H. Munson and
Mrs. Minnie M. Wright, reside in Colchester. Colonel Munson was a member of
Webster Lodge of Masons in Winooski and of the Burlington commandery of Knights
Templar. I cannot say for a certainty but I think it probable that he was also a member
of the Grand Army of the Republic and of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion
of the United States. He was a man of fraternal feelings, of warm sympathies and
of many social accomplishments. When he passed away, on the 25th of October,
1903, all his townspeople felt that they had lost a friend. Throughout his life of 70
years he had enjoyed the fullest confidence and the warmest personal regard of all
who knew him. What more or better could have been said if he had become greater
or richer. He was too modest for his merit, but he rose upon merit alone to a rank above
that of most of us who survive. The fact that we are here in such large numbers, and
that so many of his fellow citizens have thronged to participate with us in paying this
tribute of affection and respect, is the crowning triumph of a worthy character and a
well spent life.

"Here, so far as this dedication is concerned, I might bring this address to a
close. But this is our annual reunion, and it brings to us other thoughts than those
which pertain to the final muster-out that awaits us one by one. Happily many of us,
I hope that none of you, my comrades, have ever encountered or ever will encounter
a disposition to relegate you to the past. Let us show our fellow countrymen that,
while we can talk over great experiences which most of them did not share, there are
no citizens younger in spirit or more alert to promote every new cause that is good
than are the veterans of the Civil War. Not long since I heard a young and able
man offer as an explanation of Vermont's small growth in population and industries
in recent decades that for years the one theme in her popular assemblies had been the
glories that she won in the Civil War, — just as though a success like that, instead
of being a spur to further achievement, could satisfy a host of young men who had
yet their fortunes and their homes to build and their families to rear! Have any
equal numbers of other men done more towards the development of industries than
the young men who gained a broader outlook and had their ambitions fired by taking
part in the Civil War? Does an occasional reminder of struggles and achievement tend
to discourage human endeavor? The very statement of the case shows how illogical
is the explanation. No. The real reason why Vermont has not grown faster since
the war is that so many of her ex-soldiers and other young men have found in newer
states and large cities opportunities that did not then exist here. They went out and
leavened a great lump, and Vermont's best growth and truest triumph has been in
impressing her principles and habits upon those rising commonwealths of the great
West and in making homogeneous a population gathered from the four quarters of
the globe. The tide is now running more this way, not because an intelligent, patriotic
and grateful people has ceased to talk of events which will forever be their pride
and inspiration, but because most of the corner lots elsewhere have been taken up
and because better opportunities are opening here.

"At our reunion in Montpelier last year I went down from my room to the hotel
ofBce at half past four in the morning and there I found three men of my old com-
pany, two of whom were eighty years of age, in close conversation. I exclaimed:
'What in the world is Company G doing at this before-reveille hour of the morning!'
and one of them replied, 'We are just putting in every minute of our time.'
I joined them, and what do you think they were talking about? Battles? No, silos
and gasolene engines. They were also telling about this comrade and that, where they
had gone and how they had done in civil life. We took a walk together, and passing a

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers S27

large, well-kept lawn, one of them remarked what a fine crop of grass could have been
harvested there if it had not been sacrificed to beauty. Think of such utilitarianism
from a son of Mars! Every town in Vermont contains more than one Cincinnatus like
that. We mourn to-day the death of Captain Wilder. Some years ago he lost an arm
while cutting feed for his cattle. On the 28th of last March he lost his life by falling
from a loft in his barn while doing his morning chores. He might have lost his arm
or his life at Gettysburg, but we are thankful that he lived to do something for his
family, for his horses and cattle and for the industrial life of his state.

"You may look from one end of Vermont to the other and you will find that
her principal industries have been and in many cases still are manned by her soldiers
of the Civil War. Who for a long time successfully ran a factory at Bennington and
became president of _ the knit goods association of the United States but the late
Major A. B. Valentine? Who but the brave and optimistic Colonel George W. Hooker
established one of the largest industries in Brattleboro? Who but Captain W. H. H.
Slack has built up at Springfield what has become the largest wool recovering estab-
lishment in the world? Is there not at Derby Line a most prosperous steel die estab-
lishment, founded and still conducted by the brothers Butterfield, both Vermont sol-
diers? Who has done more for Burlington, not only in lumber, its chief industry, but
in the hotel business and other enterprises, than the one-armed hero of Bull Run, ex-
Governor Woodbury? The late General Wells was long at the head of a great business
there and our own comrade of Company A, Heman W. Allen, as youthful and handsome
as ever, is still the prosperous owner there of the largest department store in Ver-
mont. Was it not General Perley P. Pitkin who developed the largest manufacturing
business in Montpelier, and did not our own comrade, Colonel A. C. Brown, do more
to introduce the telephone over a large section of the state than any otuer man? Who
for years did the largest lime manufacturing and hay pressing business in Swanton
but the late Colonel Erastus W. Jewett, and who built the largest mileage of railroad in
the state since the war but his late brother. Col. A. B. Jewett? Who made successful and
is still at the head of a large proprietary esablishment in Enosburgh Palls, but our own
enterprising comrade, Gen. Carmi L. Marsh? Was not the late Gen. William Y. W. Ripley
for a long time one of the greatest employers of labor in the marble business at Rut-
land, and was not Colonel John A.* Sheldon another? And who has built up the largest
marble business in the world but Colonel and since Governor and Secretary of War
and now Senator Redfleld Proctor? I have cited only cases which readily come to mind,
but there are many more in all parts of the state, every one of which goes to show
Vermont owes her greatest progress and prosperity to the men who occasionally get
together and talk over the scenes of the camp, the march and the battle.

"It is undeniable that our elder comrades are passing, but most of us are to be
reckoned with for a long time yet. How does anybody suppose New York could get
along without Henry O. Clark, or Northfleld without Billy Holden, or Underbill with-
out Thad Whipple? Political honors may not seek us, or we them, but if there is a
search some day for a candidate who will not corrupt the electorate, he can be found
under an old blue coat. Men who have faced the cannon's mouth for their country
are not going to poison their country's spring.

"You remember, comrades, that when General Doubleday briefly addressed us on
the second day at Gettysburg, upon the tremendous importance of the issues at stake,
he said among other things that our success or failure would determine not only which
should win, Abraham Lincoln or Jefferson Davis, but whether the. country bequeathed
to us by George Washington should continue to exist. How our young hearts swelled
with the realization of our great opportunity and responsibility! The world knows
the result but it does not always stop to measure it. Washington and Lincoln were
vindicated and perpetuated. The South was restored to the Union and has been grad-
ually becoming restored to her right mind. She is to-day, in spite of all the loss
and exhaustion of war, richer in every way than she was before. Her freed people
are worth more to her than they were as slaves. She has more churches, libraries
and schcols, more cultivated acres, more smoking chimneys, more railroads, more
banks and more in them, and she has a vastly great future as a part of this imperial
nation that she ever could have enjoyed as a separate country, hampered by a relic of
the outgrown past. The country of George Washington consisted of thirteen states,
with a population of three millions and an area of 372,365 square miles, besides a
vast territory fraught with dangers as well as with bright possibilities. Since the
Civil War we have annexed ten States, with a present population of a million and a
half greater than that of the original thirteen and with an area more than twice as
great, and this very month Congress has provided for the admission of two more.
In every material sense, our inheritance and all its additions have undergone such
growth and development as the world had never seen before, thus continually adding
fresh laurels to the brow of Washington and Lincoln, and giving us, as humble
Instrumentalities in a part of the great work, all the serene reflections that ever come
to solace advancing years and all the bright hopes that nation builders see through the
golden twilight of a glorious day."

828 The Thirtccntli Regiment Veniiont Volunteers

Captain Meigs.

Following the address by Colonel Clarke, brief remarks were made by ex-Gov.
U. A. Woodbury of Burlington and Rev. E. .J. Ranslow of Swanton. Capt. Henry B.
Meigs, who came to Colchester from Baltimore, was called upon and responded in the
following words :

"Comrades: — It was my pleasure to land on the shores of my native Green Moun-
tain State a few hours since, where sleep several generations of my soldier ancestors.
We are heirs, joint heirs, with the republic's children in the inheritance of freedom
left by our sires. We are ])roud of all the past; and, although we are facing a future
pregnant with tremendous possibilities, yet we face it with a strength and hope and
assurance born of an unswerving pur|)Ose, and in the belief that the generation that
comes after us will measure up to their standards, and as we go hence, we will calmly
drop our mantles on the shoulders of the boys who will worthily wear them, and
doubt not our country will find in them nothing wanting.

"When I awoke this morning I looked out of my chamber window, and on a near
by roof I saw the pleasing sight of some doves billing and cooing, and I immediately
thought those doves love one another, and how typical they are of my comrades of
the old 1.3th, and there came into my mind visions of Marsh, Allen, Clarke and others
of the old guard.

"I bring you greetings from the Southland, from 'Maryland My Maryland,' one
of the states kept in this mighty Union by the valor of you and your comrades' arms.
I am very, very glad to be with you — to look into your faces — the maps of which liave
vastly changed since the days when we drank from the same canteen. I feel that it
is a great privilege to be liere to-day, to grasp the glad hand and look Into your windows
that are growing dim; indeed it is a great thing to live in this, the most wonderful,
the most enlightened age of all the world. It is a great thing to laave been a member
of the old 13th Vermont, a regiment that made so much of history, and did so much to
turn back tlie tide of rebellion at its highwater mark at Gettysburg. It is a great thing
to have lived more than two score of years after the close of that great war in which
we were particiijants, a war that cost mountains of gold and rivers of blood, and to
see this, our nation, two score of years after the stirring events of our young lives, the
foremost of all the nations. It is a pleasant reflection to think that we have lived
in an age of the world's very greatest progress; all or nearly all of the great modern
inventions have been conceived and brought forth within our lifetime.

"I esteem it a very great privilege to return here to the old Green Mountain State
annually for a few weeks of rest and recreation. I believe it is true that a son of
Vermont never forgets to think with joy of his boyhood spent amid these mountains
and hills.

" 'But fervently while life shall last, tho' wide our ways decline.
Back to the Mountain-Land, our hearts will turn as to a shrine!
Forget Vermont? By her cliffs, her meads, her brooks afoam.
By all her hallowed memories — our lode-star while we roam —
Whatever skies above us rise, the hills, the hills are home!"

"ily path in life has led me far from the home of my boyhood, but my tenderest
memories are associated with it, and anything that concerns it has never been, or
can be a matter of indiffei'ence to me. When your summons came to me, I felt that 1'
must needs obey it, though I shrank from it, for I knew that this occasion would bring up
most tender and painful memories that I preferred to keep within the silent chambers
of my heart. I knew that I would miss liere many of the old faimliar faces of
former years.

"Comrades, we who were privileged to wear the blue more than two score of
years ago, and are still living to tell the story, and are permitted to meet at this our
annual encampment, owe a debt of gratitude to tlie giver of all gifts wliiclr we here
must acknowledge. Listen! the youngest of us are nearing camp, soon, very soon,
we must answ(M- the call to go down into the valley, and cross over the dark river
by the pontoon that reaches to the other shore, and we will bivouac there with the
great majority who are sleeping beneath the low green tents whose curtains swing
no more back forever.

"Vermont has been indeed a mighty mother, and her children have shown them-
selves entitled to their birth-right of greatness, yet in no boastful spirit do we come
to exalt ourselves or our native state. Like the fair tablet that we unveil to-day, and
like Cornelia of old, we simply say— 'These are Vermont's jewels.'

" 'Our lieutenant-colonel sleeps in a grave with the Nation's dead.
With tree tops a requiem sighing.
While yonder on a staff over his head.
The flag of his country is flying.' "

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers 829

Resolutions to Captain Wilder.

The following resolutions to the memory of Captain 0. C. Wilder, of Waitsfield,
were presented and were unanimously adopted:

Resolved, That while we are bowed in sorrow at the sudden death of our late
comrade, Orcas C. Wilder, captain of Company B, 13th Vt. Regt., and we mouru our
loss with sincere and heartfelt grief, we shall always remember with pleasure all our
acquaintance with him and we have ever regarded him as a good citizen, a patriotic
soldier, an able and gallant officer, and a true friend to all his old comrades.

Resolved, That we considered him one of the most prominent members of the
association and we believe there are few whose loss would be more generally felt by all.

Resolved, That in this sad event we see a call to be watchful and strengthen the
ties that remain, and, if there is any duty or labor of love that we would perform
to do it quickly ere the call comes to remove us to the other shore.

Resolved, That these resolutions be placed upon our records and a copy of them
sent to the children of our deceased comrade

Resolutions of Thanks.

The association passed the following resolution of thanks:

Whereas, We of the .13th Vermont Regiment Association assembled in annual meeting
at Colchester on the 43rd anniversary of the day when our beloved regiment did things
— accomplished so much to perpetuate and preserve this Union of states, immortalized
itself and covered its state with honor at Gettysburg, turning back the tide of rebellion,
having to-day been most royally entertained by Company D and the citizens of Col-
chester,

Resolved, That the thanks of each and every member of this regimental associa-
tion are due and are hereby tendered to the comrades of Company D, to the citizens of
Colchester, especially the masterly and magnificent welcome by Miss MacBride and
associates in behalf of our hosts.

Upon the return of the party to the village from the exercises at the cemetery,
ice cream and cake were served by the ladies of Colchester.

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers 831

DEDICATION OF SOLDIERS' MONUMENT AT MILTON, SEPT. 6, 1909.

THE dedication of the Soldiers' Monument at Milton tooli place on Labor Day,
September 6, 1909, with fitting exercises amid the cheer of old soldiers and
gathering of over two thousand people from all parts of the county and state.

The members of Stannard Post of Burling'ton and the members of Sherman Post
of Essex Junction arrived about 10 a. m., and were met at the train by the Reynolds
Post of Milton, the Modern Woodmen, the Colchester band and many citizens. They
were escorted to Odd Fellows' Hall. The Hurlburt Post from St. Albans arrived at
11 a. m., and were likewise escorted to the Odd Fellows' Hall.

Automobiles brought Gov. Geo. H. Prouty, Lieut.-Gov. John A Mead, Congressman
D. J. Foster, Ex.-Gov. U. A. Woodbury and others from Burlington about 11.30 a. m.,
and all were entertained at the home of Col. H. O. Clark. Dinner was served at Odd
Fellows' Hall at noon to the greater part of the town's invited guests and many others
besides. The ladies of the Village Improvement Society served dinner to nearly two
hundred on the Congregational church lawns.

The exercises took place promptly at two o'clock from the stand erected beside the
monument in the village square. The monument was draped with the Stars and Stripes.

Col. Henry O. Clark, 13th Vermont Regiment, presided and made the introductory
remarks. Rev. B. B. Herrick, 15th Vermont Regiment, offered prayer. The unveiling
of the monument then took place by a daughter and a granddaughter of veterans.
Misses Elsie H. Clark and Gladys M. Perry.

The transfer of the monument to the town by the monument committee, Col.
H. O. Clark, J. Monroe Perry and Frank E. Cormia then took place. Col. Clark then
presented the monument to the town with the following speech:

Col. H. 0. Clark's Speech.

"This is the largest assemblage that this town has ever seen, even in the stirring
days of the Civil War no such body of people ever met together here. Never before
has a Milton gathering been honored by the presence of the chief executive and so
many of distinction from other parts of the state.

"The occasion is one that interests the people of this town and vicinity as it
properly should and this is manifest by the number with us to-day.

"A year ago at a special town meeting it was unanimiously voted that a Soldiers'
Monument be erected. It stands here complete to-day as we trust it will remain for
thousands of years to teach the rising generations what their ancestors did in those
arduous days of the Civil War. The monument will now be unveiled by Misses Elsie
Clark and Gladys Perry, a daughter and a granddaughter of veterans whose names are on
the tablets before you."

Band — Red, White and Blue.

"The committee appointed to erect this enduring testimonial of the valor of
Milton's sons, wish here and now to thank the citizens of the town for the loyal sup-
port and hearty assistance they have given on every occasion when called upon.
Without such support and aid this labor would have been a trying one, but encouraged
by all this work has been a pleasure.

"This town in 1861 had less than 400 voters. It sent over 200 men to the front,
44 of whom lie in the cemeteries here and fill unknown graves on many a Southern
battlefield. These soldiers that marched away were not all included in the less than
400 voters. Many, the majority in fact, had not arrived at the age that entitled them
to the ballot, but infused with the spirit of loyalty they went out to fight the country and
do their share in preserving this Union, the foremost on earth.

"As chairman of the monument committee it is now my pleasing duty to transfer
the care and custody of this monument to the town as represented here by the select-
men. To you and your successors in olBce we now give over the completed monu-
ment, feeling assured that the loyalty of those who made the appropriation of it and
their successors will forever take proper care that it is kept in the perfect condition as
now transferred." , ^ ,, ^ ,

Corry E. Osgood as first selectman accepted the monument m behalf of the town
with appropriate remarks.

The band then played in a fine manner after which the chairman, Col. Henry O.
Clark, introduced the orator of the .day. Col. Albert Clarke, 13th Vermont RegimeTit,
now Secretary Home Market Club of Boston. Colonel Clarke delivered one of the
grandest orations that has stirred the hearts of citizens and comrades for many a
day. His speech in full follows:

^3- The Thirteenth Regiment J^erviont Volunteers

Col. Albert Clarke's Oration.

"His Excellency, the Governor, Mr, Chairman, Comrades, Women of the Relief
Corps, Ladies and Gentlemen:

"Xo sooner was the Civil War closed than cities and towns all over the North began
erecting monuments and memorial halls to commemorate their soldier dead, and as
soon as their means would permit the peojile of the South exhibited the same gratitude
and devotion. After a time the thought came that the living soldiers were as well
entitled to be honored as the dead, for they passed through common perils. You
have the felicity in Milton of giving expression this thought, for you have placed in
enduring bronze, upon the sides of this artistic monument, the names of all the 200
men who served to the credit of this town, and while no one is in a hurry to have his
name inscribed upon a grave stone, I think It must be a great pleasure to the comrades
who have survived to this day to see their names in this roll of honor, high reared
in the business portion of your town, to be read with love and pride by their children
and their children's children as the generations come and go.

"The voters and tax payers of to-day have honored themselves and added to the
prestige and attractiveness of the town by providing this patriotic memorial. The
fact that it was not undertaken until nearly half a century had elapsed since the close
of the war is no reflection upon the town, on the contrary, I am inclined to think the
credit is the greater, because it lacked the impulse natural to the first days of peace.
It shows a lasting sentiment of gratitude and respect and an intelligent purpose to
teach to all observers that love of country is an inspiration to good citizenship and a
safeguard of liberty, law and order. Such be its lesson, and may it cause the history
of the trials, the hardships, the dangers, the losses and the triumphs of the great
war to be studied and pondered, and the causes and issues to be so well understood
that at no time hereafter in any part of our vast domain shall there be a suggestion
or a thought that the Union is too large or that possibly some other government
might better serve the people's needs.

"Among the names inscribed are 34 of my own regiment and the others are
divided among nearly all the organizations which went from this state, which proves
that Milton's soldiers had a varied and arduous service. The total enrollment of
residents subject to military duty was only 141. and yet the town sent 200. The num-
ber who lost their lives in the service was 44, or 22 per cent., which is higher than
the percentage of the state as a whole and among the highest in the country. Some
of the names indicate some variety of race and this is one of the best guarantees
of the success of popular government by a cosmopolitan citizenship. Many years ago,
at an observance of Memorial Day in St. Albans, the then governor of the state, after
eloquently describing the hardships and losses of the w-ar, made the point that what
had cost so much could not be too sacredly preserved, therefore he advised to put
none but Americans on guard.

"Apparently he had failed to notice the regalia of the Hibernian Benevolent
Society and the St. Jean Baptiste Society which dotted the audience. Colonel T. W.
Higginson, of Boston, was to deliver the oration and he whispered to me that he must
contrive to correct that unintentional slip of His Excellency, without embarrassing him
by alluding to it, so when his turn came he referred in complimentary terms to the
presence of those societies and said they reminded him that when he was in command
on Morris Island a regiment came there which was composed of seven nationalities
and they spoke but little English. 'But,' said he. 'when the bugle sounded and the
line was formed and the command was given to "forward march," every man under-
stood it and every man kept step to the music of the Union.'

"Later the governor exi)lained in conversation that he was not so far wrong, after
all. 'For,' said he, 'after a man has offered his lite for his adopted country, he is an
American, and what better American could there be?'

"The builders of this monument have done well in respect of design, material
and location, and of course we all hope that no violence of war, or accident of peace,
or convulsion of nature, will ever mar it; and yet, we know from history that not
only monuments but great cities have in the course of time so completely disappeared
that In some instances even the localities of them are lost to the knowledge of man.
Babylon. Nlnevah. Tyre, Sidon. Carthage and scores of other magnificent works of
man came, flourished and vanished, and there seems to have resulted a settled con-
viction that all things material shall pass away. Byron said

" 'I have stood upon Achilles' tomb
'And heard men doubt of Troy;
'They yet shall doubt of Rome.'

"Shelley referred to the 'firm expectation' that 'London shall be a habitation of
bittenrs' and that 'St. Paul and Westminster Abbey shall stand shapeless and nameless
ruins in the midst of au unpeopled marsh.' Horace Walpole said, 'At last some
curious traveler from Lima will visit England and give a description of the ruins

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers 833

of St. Paul's, like the editions of Baalbec and Palmyra.' Goldsmith said, 'What cities
as great as this have promised themselves immortality! Posterity can hardly trace
the situation of some. The sorrowful traveler wanders over the awful ruins of others.
Here stood the citadel, but now grown over with weeds, there their senate house, but
now the habit of every noxious reptile; temples and theatres stood here, now only an
undistinguished heap of ruins.' Francis Volney wrote a whole book upon ruins and
it is said: 'Who knows but that hereafter some traveler like myself will sit down upon
the banks of the Seine, the Thames or the Zuyder Zee, where now in the tumult of
enjoyment, the heart and the eye are too slow to take in the multitude of sensations!
Who knows but he will sit down solitary amid ruins, and weep a people inurned and their
greatness changed into an empty name?' But Macaulay gave a more cheerful turn
to this meditation upon the devastation and crumbling of the handiworks of man, for
in speaking of the Roman Catholic Church he said, 'She may still exist in undiminshed
vigor when some traveler from New Zealand shall, in the midst of a vast solitude,
take his stand upon a broken arch of London Bridge to sketch the ruins of St. Paul's.'
And so it seems to me that an institution of government, such as that founded by
Washington and his compatriots and preserved by Lincoln and his statesmen and
soldiers, ought to survive and will survive the 'crash of matter and the wreck of
worlds.' Such was the aspiration expressed by Lincoln in his Gettysburg address and
such is the optimistic vision of a people who govern themselves and are not afraid.
The loss of monuments and cities was mostly caused by changes of government.
While our government lasts our possessions will last. Should government fail, pos-
sessions may bo of little worth.

"Although there are still with us many near relatives of the soldiers who have
passed on, and in whose breasts this occasion kindles emotions of sadness, yet we
are not here to mourn, but to celebrate — to celebrate the usefulness and the glory of
their service, the growth and prosperity of our country, and the almost complete
reconciliation of former foes. To you, my comrades, whose fortune it was to return
with your shields instead of on them, a tide of recollections comes to-day, if not less
sad than others share, yet mingled more with scenes of excitement and diversion. As
you look at this monument and read the names upon it, the intervening years roll
back their scroll, and again, with ranks replete and springing step, you march down
through the crowded cities of the North and catch bright glimpses of the handkerchiefs
and flags that wave you on. Again you wear away months in camp life and drill, building
roads, rearing forts, marching and counteiniarching and learning the importance of
the iron rule of authoritj'. Again you ride the long and dangerous raid or stand the
cold and sleepless picket out. Again you hear those ominous, scattering shots, at first
faint and far, but soon bringing you face to face with death. Again you. recall the
deeply solemn thoughts that passed in quick succession through your minds. Now
you see the long and charging columns of the foe. Magnificent spectacle! but only
for a moment. A hundred thousand hearts beat high, a million nerves are strained
to their utmost tension. You glance along our line and are thrilled with ecstacy to
see our standards waving to and fro, as If to bid all foes and fears defiance. And
now you hear the welcome words to 'fire' to 'charge' and dash like lightning to the fray!

" 'Now for the fight! Now for the cannon peal!
'Forward, through blood and toil and cloud and fire!
'Glorious the shout, the shock, the crash of steel,
'The volley's roll, the rocket's blasting spire.'

"But ah! comrades, the scene is madness, it is death! How wonderful that any
should survive! And yet, this little group before me now can tell o'er many scenes at
which the firmest lips might well grow pale; of two Bull Runs, of Warwick Creek,
Fair Oaks, Savage's Station, Malvern Hill, Antietam, Fredericksburg and Chancellors-
ville. of Winchester and Cedar Creek, the Wilderness and Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor,
Petersburgh, and many others no less trying, though less known of fame. Here,
possibly, is one who climbed the bristling heights of Lookout Mountain and shared
the triumphs of the 'Battle above the Clouds.' Here, probably, is one or more who
went with Butler to New Orleans, and witnessed that wonderful tact and courage
which established and maintained order, cleanliness and health in the midst of
treacherous marshes and more treacherous men.

"Here, may be, is one who followed Sherman and Howard from Atlanta to the
sea. and from Savannah to the surrender, or one who sailed with the great Farragut
where a fight meant victory or a watery grave, or one who endured the living death
at Andersonville. But why enumerate? Here, I know, are men who stood three
days at Gettysburg, stood in the open field, stood where 300 cannons volleyed and
thundered, stood where 90,000 brave men charged against their iron front in vain,
stood where Rebellion's highest wave dashed up and broke and rolled away.

"How the vision gleams before me now! The tall grass, the sweet scented clover
and the golden grain waved beneath the breeze; the birds sang in the trees as sweetly
as though the swiftly winged messengers so soon to pierce the air were a thousand

834 The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont I'oliinteers

miles away. The crystal rills murmured as joyously as the trout brooks of our child-
hood homes, unconscious that soon they were to run with human blood. Overhead the
fleecy clouds of summer but momentarily softened the intense rays that fell and
glinted across ten miles of animated, burnished steel. A softer air, a lovelier land-
scape, a scene of more impressive quiet, almost pastoral in its repose, was never seen.

"The two great armies confronting each other waited the final dispositions and
the words of command that should suddenly blight this beauty of nature and turn
its peace into pandemonium. It was a time for prayer and thought. The blue and
the gray looked at each other, not with hatred, but with sympathy and pity. Each
knew that the other suffered most intensely like himself. Each knew that the other
had left behind home, mother, wife, child, and was thinking of them that moment.
They were all human, mostly young, had everything to live for, loved life and
dreaded death. Why should they fight? Why could not their leaders meet and
settle? What grim specter of gigantic grasp held them in hostile array against every
prompting of their hearts? Had the good God forsaken that particular spot of earth
or lost His power?

"These reveries were broken by a bugle blast. On the crest of the low ridge
less than a mile in front, a puff of white smoke and a loud report, followed by a shriek
in the air and an explosion a few feet above our heads, gave signal to blow forth
the breath infernal. And how it came! How fierce and hot and long it came! More
than 100 explosions per minute, concentrated upon a place of attack only three quarters
of a mile in breadth and continued for two hours, filled the air almost as thickly as a
hail storm with flying iron and ploughed the green earth until it looked brown and
broken. Flat upon their faces lay the lines of waiting men. Hundreds were mangled
but none flinched. A few rods in rear, on land a little higher, stood a long line of field
batteries, their horses and men falling every moment, but their guns being worked
with the precision of machines. Suddenly, however, they became as voiceless as
the grave. Why did they not respond? Had some one blundered? Were we to be
crushed and make no further effort to disable yonder enginery of death?

"Down in the shallow valley that lay beneath the hostile lines the rattling shots
of the skirmish line grew frequent. To lift one's head to take a look was to invite
death. But the cry, 'They're coming' brought thousands to their feet. They who saw
it can never forget that beautiful parade — for such it seemed, so even were the long
lines, so proud the step, so bright the weapons, so inspiriting the flags, so regular
the star-shaped solid columns of the support.

"Our skirmishers were driven in. On came the broadly sweeping lines until
faces could be discerned and voices heard. Holding their fire, awaiting orders, but
burning with the hottest fever of anxiety stood our lines of imperilled and impatient
men. Then a clear voice rang out from the lines of our batteries. 'No. 1, fire! Xo.
2, fire! No. 3, fire!' and almost simultaneously fourscore of brazen throats sent forth
destruction. The same instant those of us who were nearest delivered a volley which
cut a swath many yards in width through the fast approaching line. The volley was
returned. Every motion now was quick. Flames leaped from the struggling lines.
The rattling fusilade became blended in a roar. The artillery produced a sound like
muffled blows in the general din. Before us, behind us and among vis, men fell until
it seemed that almost as many were down as up. And still the gallant foe pressed on.
Closing in to a common center, an impetuous dash was made for a point in the Union
line. Before the furious onslaught two Union regiments were crowded back. The
line was pierced. A shout went up from the assaulting column and there was some-
thing almost like a groan heard along the ranks of blue. But it was not a voice of despair.
Rather was it the commingling of a thousand commands, as every officer and every
man within sight and reach rushed to the deadly breach. Then those of us who
advanced to a gap in the enemy's line turned upon its flanks and in a moment all was
over. Down went their weapons and up went their hands. A few succeeded in
escaping, but the greater number were gathered in. Alas, not so! The greatest
number covered the earth. In the wild joy of our triumph, we could not but pity
such sweeping death.

"Thank God! Those scenes are past. We look back upon our part and it seems
all a dream now, but vacant chairs and empty sleeves and this monument remind us
that it was no dream then. When we place ourselves in imagination upon those fields
of valor, well may we say with the martyred Lincoln: 'The world will little note
nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here."

"The tents were long since folded and the drum summons us no more. Back to
the broad level of citizenship the private and the general equally returned. The proud
old army vanished. This remnant here, the graves that we visit once a year, the
memories that we glorify, and this memorial that we dedicate today, are all that link
the rising generation with the realities of which they hear and read. Year after year
for a long time, and now month after month, some comrade goes before us to the
shadowy shore. But as the circle narrows, like rays through a sun glass toward the
focal point the warmer should grow the atmosphere of gratitude and love.

The Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers 835

"On the part of the North war was unavoidable. We had to fight or lose the
unity of our government and expose it to almost certain further dismemberment. The
abolition of slavery was a mere incident, but a great and glorious incident, nevertheless.
The trouble grew out of false interpretations of the Constitution. It took the form of
sectionalism and that resulted in general alienation. Sectionalism, though now in other
parts of the country is still a danger, or it would be but for the impressive lesson of the
Civil War. The greatest danger, however, that I have observed, still relates to the
Constitution, not by erroneous interpretation, but by overriding and neglect. If a State
wishes to disfranchise a race, it does it with the assurance that there will be no federal
interference, because suffrage is a State concern and courts and juries must be local. If a
president desires re-election or wishes to influence the choice of his successor, or to se-
cure certain legislation he does not hesitate to use the tremendous and all conquering
power of his patronage to compel the execution of his will. Such disregard of the constitu-
tional limitations of the three co-ordinate branches of the government may in some cir-
cumstances become as great a peril as either slavery or secession was. If it is done to
promote your views and mine, we must not forget that it may be done to promote their
opposites. This monument stands not only for the integrity of the Union but for the
inviolability of the Constitution, and that is what every good citizen must stand for and
insist upon, no matter in what form or in what interest the danger may present itself.
On the centennial of Concord and Lexington, George William Curtis bequeathed to his
country some words of advice which are now and will always be as true and applicable
as they were then, for, as President McKinley said, 'there are always perils and always
duties.' After Mr. Curtis had described the British invasion and repulse, he said:

" 'Not such are our enemies to-day. They do not come proudly stepping to the
drum beat, with bayonets flashing in the morning sun. But wherever party spirit shall
strain the ancient guarantees of freedom or bigotry and ignorance shall lay their
fatal hands upon education, or the arrogance of caste shall strike at equal rights, or
corruption shall poison the very springs of national life, there, minute men of liberty,
are your Lexington Green and Concord Bridge, and as you love your country and your
kind, and would have your chilrden rise up and call you blessed, spare not the enemy!
Over the hills, out of the earth, down from the clouds, pour in resistless might. Fire
from every rock and tree, from door and window, from hearthstone and chamber; hang
upon his flank and rear from morn to sunset, and so, through a land blazing with holy in-
dignation, hurl the hordes of ignorance and corruption and injustice, back, back, in utter
defeat and ruin!'

"Citizens of Milton! you have planted in your midst a talisman. If any of you ever
feel disheartened, look at that monument and take courage. If you are ever tempted
to do a mean thing, ask that soldier if you can afford to thus let yourself down. If
sometimes you know not what to do, that monument will tell you to do the duty nearest
to your hands. And, if perchance, you are called to some high endeaver, rise to it,
as those soldiers arose, and victory will crown your aims."

A. J. Maxbam, Hancock First Army Corps, more than pleased the immense crowd
by his songs.

Gov. Geo. H. Prouty next delivered a speech giving the citizens of Milton sincere
commendation on their war record and now their grand display of patriotism.

Lieut.-Gov. J. A. Mead was next introduced by Col. H. O. Clark. He spoke with
a great deal of feeling from a comrade's viewpoint and saying that if the same patriot-
ism that prompted one to his country's flag was brought more into the commercial
world, a grander state of affairs could never exist.

Ex. Gov. Ormsbee now spoke saying that there was nothing left for him to say
after the grand speeches that all had listened to that afternoon. He hoped that all
feeling of sectionalism would lie buried deep beneath the monument.

Ex-Gov. U. A. Woodbury spoke briefly of the town's patriotism and respect to the
old soldiers and only wished the same spirit was more in evidence in his city of
Burlington.

Next Colonel Clarke introduced Congressman Foster after stating reasons why
other members of the Washington delegation could not be present. Mr. Foster spoke
saying that "this is not the first time when they couldn't get Page that they took me,"
(applause). The Congressman paid a grand tribute to the town and spoke of the great
general, U. S. Grant.

Hon. L. D. Latham was next introduced by Colonel Clarke as he said to show
evidence that Milton was not a quarrelsome town as Mr. Latham was the only lawyer
in Milton. Mr. Latham laid stress on true citizenship.

General O. O. Howard then spoke very briefly and with great emotion. He was
roundly cheered.

Remarks were given by Col. H. W. Allen, commander Stannard Post, C. P. Hogan,
commander Hurlbut Post, C. M. Ferrin, commander of Sherman Post, Henry A. Smith,
commander of Reynolds Post, and by Col. A. C. Brown of 13th Vermont Regiment.

A. J. Maxham together with the band and people sang one verse of "America,"
and then the exercises were closed. Without a doubt no like occasion was ever
favored with such an assemblage of grand speakers and notable men as was Milton
this day of dedication.

83''> The Thirtccntli Regiment Vermont Volunteers

The Honored Guests.

The following were seated upon the speakers' stand:

Gov. G. H. Prouty, Lieut.-Gov. J. A. Mead, Ex-Gov. U. A. Woodbury, Ex-Gov. B. J.
Ormsbee, Congresman D. J. Foster, Col. Albert Clarke, Secretary Home Market Club,
Boston; Gen. O. O. Howard, Col. A. C. Brown, Post Dept. Commander, G. A. R.; E. X.
Rich, Senior Dept. Commander; Col. H. W. Allen, Commander of Stannard Post; C. P.
Hogan, Commander of Hurlbut Post; C M. Ferrin, Commander of Sherman Post;
H. A. Smith, Commander of Reynolds Post; Mrs. Ferris, president of Stannard Corps;
Mrs. M. Sweig. president of Bostwick Corps; Mrs. Robinson, president of Sherman
Corps; Mrs. E. E. Williams, president of Hurlbut Corps; Mrs. George Prouty, Rev.
C. W. Clark, Rev. E. Herrick, Rev. M. H. Ryan, Rev. Fr. H. Paquet, L. D. Latham,
A. J. Maxham, C E Osgood, E. I. Allen and Thomas Shean, selectmen of Milton; C. S.
Ashley, chairman reception committee; H. O. Clark, J. M. Perry, F. E. Cormia, monu-
ment committee; C. L. Marsh, Ellas Lyman, W. A. Deckon, E. T. Holbrook; Mrs. I. S.
Coburn, president of Village Improvement Society; Mrs. W. E. Phelps, president of
Rebeccas'; Mrs. E. Barnum, chairman of Ladies' Reception Committee; Misses Gladys
M. Perry and Elsie H. Clark, Mrs. H. 0. Clark, Mrs. E. S. Isham, Miss Lois Bradford,
Miss Klara H. Clark, Mrs. J. M. Perry, Mrs. F. E. Cormia, John Allen, L. J. Sanderson
and others.

Letters of Regret.

Letters of regret on account of illness, absence from the state or previous engage-
ments were received by the chairman of the exercises as follows: Bx-Gov. E. C. Smith,
Ex-Gov. F. D. Proctor, Ex-Gov. .1. L. Barstow, Gov. S. E. Pingree, Ex-Gov. J. G.
JJcCullough, Senator C. S. Page, Lt.-Gov. Z. M. Mansur, Ex-Lt.-Gov. N. W. Fisk, Dept.
Commander A. B. Franklin, N. H. Niles and Gen. T. S. Peck.

Abstracts from Letters.

Ex-Gov. Fletcher D. Proctor: "Am very glad you have erected this monument.
We cannot have too many of them and I wish I might be there at its dedication."

Ex-Gov. J. G. McCullough: "I congratulate Milton upon the completion of its
beautiful Soldiers' Monument. I am glad that the citizens of your town have deter-
mined thus fitly with such an artistic memorial, to remember those who fought and
fell from '61 to '65. The people of the United States can never repay the debt they
owe to those who saved the Nation in the severest crisis of its life."

Senator C. S. Page: "Milton has set her sister towns an example which I hope
will be generally followed."

Ex-Gov. S. E. Pngree: "I am sure that that old historic saying that of 'all govern-
ment, Republics are the most ungrateful to their defenders,' is no longer proverbial,
for what country was ever so completely dotted over with monuments to its heroic
dead, or more lavish in its benefactions to its soldiers in their age and infirmity than
ours?"

H. P. Butler in a telegram: "Every soldiers' monument is a stepping stone to
National glory."

Original Roster

Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers'

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IFn (TDemoriam.

IT is in profound sorrow that I write these words. It seems altogether wrong that
he who wrote the first words of this volume should not write the last words
also. It was not to be. And so the lot has fallen to one who is by grace a
member of the 13th rather than to one who marched under its honored flag and could
say, "I was free born." But right or wrong, fitting or otherwise, my little wreath
of immortelles which I this day bring to the memor\- of my soldier friend shall at
least have the sweet perfume of sincerity. I have no biography to write : mere facts
and figures are cold and lacking the sympathetic touch. My business is to tell you
comrades of this noble regiment that when on the 28th of May, 1910, Ralph O.
Sturtevant breathed his last the life of a true citizen and a most loyal follower of the
old flag went out. Was he not known to me ? Almost a life time ago we came to
Swanton together and never since that day have we been far apart. He loved his
chosen home but his heart was larger than the town or state. It was not town rights,
nor states right, but this great Nation that took the measure of his love. The War for
the Union burned its mark into his heart beyond the power of time to erase. From
the foundation of the G. A. R. his heart and soul were in it. When we met if he
were absent we almost feared some calamity had kept him away. This very volume
iS a speaking witness to that love. To him it was not a task any more than the care
of a child is a task to a loving mother. And so in weakness and pain, he toiled on
till at last, the work almost done, the pen fell from his nerveless hand. A great heart
makes a true friend, and it is my privilege to give this testimony for my comrade.
He was no deserter either on the field of war or of friendship. In this poor fickle
world one such light shines a long way. The esteem in \vhich our Comrade was held
and the wide circle of his friends was evinced by the throngs who came from far and
near to pay honor at his bier. They did not come because he was among the great
and rich and those powerful to help : they came because they could not stay away.

A good soldier. That means one whose heart is always on the side of right : —
right living — good citizenship: — clean, sober lives. For these our comrade fought
as he fought under the flag. So it is not strange that for many a year all workers in
the field of temperance in this state, knew him well.

"The life that now is and that which is to come." They go together. We go
whither our faces are set. It is this which makes it easy to conquer death. It is no
longer death but a flying shadow. So we wait in hope. May 28th, iQio. May is
the month when all nature puts on new life and "the exuberant burgeon seemed to
mock the sere and desolate winter of our sorrow" ; but it was only in the seeming, for
we thought of another world where it is always Spring and where we, soldiers of
'6l-'65, who have come to a mellow autumn, shall put on new life forevermore. Thus
hoping, thus trusting, till then, brave comrade of the 13th, Good Bye! — Good Bye!

EUGENE J. RANSLOW,

Hon. Member 13th Ft. Vols.

fiftemorial

This story of the Thirteenth Vermont Volunteers would
be sadly incomplete if it did not give at least this postscript
page to record how Gen. Carmi L. iVlarsh, of Enosburg,
out of the goodness of his always generous heart, gave to his
native town of Franklin an imposing Soldiers' Monument
which was dedicated with appropriate ceremonies Friday,
September 9, 1 9 10. The modesty of the donor of this public
gift forbids the most particular detailed account of it in a
book that he is himself so largely responsible for, but his
associates would not feel that justice had been done their
comrade if this account of the most recent benefaction of his
generous purse were not made a permanent memorial on
this page.

SUPPLEMENT

TO THE

HISTORY

OF THE

Thirteenth Regiment

Vermont Volunteers

1911

COMPILED ev

:i_l NELSON PECK
SECRETARY

OF THE

13th Regiment Association

ROUND TOP, GETTYSBURG, PA.
"The Self Appointed Committee of Three",

CARMI L. MARSH, HENRY O. CLARK, HEMAN W. ALLEN.

Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers 865

ONE VIRGINIA WOMAN THAT WAS NOT AN ENEMY.

In December 1862, occured the raid known as Dumfries Raid by General J. B. B.
Stuart and his Cavalry Corps, consisting of Generals Hampton, Fitzhugh, Lee and
Wm. H. F.- Lee's Brigades. A description of this raid Is given on pages 103-111 of thla
History. As a result of the exposure during the raid many were taken sick, and among
them Lieut. Carmi L. Marsh. He was taken to the hospital with an attack of pheumonla,
getting better he returned to the Camp from which the day previous the Regiment had
been ordered to Wolf Run Shoals. This was twelve miles away, and over a rough
muddy road, Lieutenant Marsh made the walk in one day, and by reason of weakness,
from recent sickness, reached Camp completely exhausted, and broken down. He was
at once taken with Cerebo Spinal Meningitis, taken to the Field Hospital Tent, and
his parents advised by telegraph that he was dangerously ill, and to come at once.
His father and mother came immediately and finding their son dangerously ill obtained
permission from the Surgeon, Dr. Nichols, to remove him to a farm house a mile and
a half from Camp, the home' of Mrs. Wilcoxon where he could receive better care
than in a drafty tent.

The lady was a widow, born and bred in Virginia, and naturally sympathized with
the Confederate side, but she had a good heart and could give shelter to a sick and
suffering enemy. She was very kind, and did all in her power for the comfort of the
sick oflScer and his parents. They remained with Mrs. Wilcoxon till March 18th,
then started for Vermont. Lieutenant Marsh being reduced In weight to seventy-flve
pounds, arriving home in Vermont, he soon regained both flesh and strength. There
being no postal communications at that time, no correspondence was had with Mrs.
Wilcoxon, then about 45 years of age, and strange as it may seem, none after the war
ended. Many years later Marsh met one of Mosby's Cavalry, who told him that in the
Spring of 1863 he was one of a squad sent by Mosby to capture a Union Officer at Mrs.
Wilcoxon's home near Wolf Run Shoals. That Mrs. Wilcoxon persuaded them not to
take the officer, as he was a sick man, and very low.

Being in Washington in 1898, it occurred to Marsh that he would like to see Mrs.
Wilcoxon again. With this object in view he went to Virginia, made many inquiries,
spending several days in the search, only learning that this Mrs. Wilcoxon had married
a man named Selecman, moved further south, and it was understood, she was living
in the vicinity of Manassas, and again a widow.

To most this would have ended the search, but any one who knew Carmi L. Marsh
and his perserverance and will power, will readily understand that it was only an
incentive to renewed exertion. He went to Manassas and finally found where Mrs.
Selecman lived. He went to the house, and asked for her. Thirty-five years had
passed and Marsh was not sure if she was the Mrs. Wilcoxon that had been so kind to
him, so he did not introduce himself, but asked her if she was the lady who lived near
Wolf Run Shoals, in '63. She said she was. He then asked if there was ever a Union
Soldier sick at her house? Her reply was yes, there was a man there at one time,
named Lee. Marsh said he knew no one of that name, and inquired if there was ever
any other one sick at her house. She said yes, there was a young man named Marsh,
and his father and mother were with him. Being satisfied as to her identity he told
her who he was. To say that she was surprised is to state her condition mildly. She
could hardly realize that he could have taken so much trouble to find her. After a
long interview, and on ascertaining that she was in poor circumstances, he gave her
a sum of money and returned to Washington. Later he sent her a present and wrote
something like this. "I am sending you, by express prepaid, some sugar and syrup
which I hope will please you. You can hardly imagine how glad I was to see you
after so many years, and how often I had thought of your kindness in taking us into
your house." You were then 'Casting bread upon the Water', you know the bible says,
"Cast your bread upon the Waters, for thou shalt find it after many days". I have
figured it out to be just twelve thousand seven hundred and ninety-three days from
the time I left your house until I came back. Truly a long time to wait, but it came.

Since 1898 General Marsh, made this good woman an annual visit, has taken his
wife, daughter and grand-daughter to see her, and never failed to send her a check
quarterly. He never asked what kind of bread she cast on the water, out it must
have been even better than government "Hard Tack", as it came back after thirty-
five years, multiplied an hundred -fold.

In July 1902, Mrs. Selecman was ill, her friends wrote General Marsh that she
wanted to see him once more. He went at once, found her quite low, but she knew
him so that he felt fully repaid for his long journey. She lived only a week, dying
July 29th, 1902. He paid the doctors' and druggists' bills, expenses of her Illness and
funeral charges, and has always been glad, and thankful, that he found her who had
befriended him, and that he was able to make her last years comfortable.

MRS. WILCOXON.

Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers 867

The reader of this article will be somewhat at a loss to decide which character
most to admire. The woman. Southern born and bred, naturally antagonistic, who
from the goodness of her heart, and inclination to relieve suffering, took the sick
enemy into her house and exercised her utmost powers to restore him to health, or the
soldier, so cared for, who after many years, with an earnest desire to. In some degree,
repay her for her devotion, untiringly searched till he found her, infirm and in poor
circumstances, and then from his unbounded generosity supported her in ease and
comfort till her dying day.

The Comrades of the Regiment, with no uncertain voice, have made their decision.

H. O. C.

NANTUCKET SPECIAL AUGUST 17, 1904.

Veterans from Green Mountains have a few days Outing at Nantucket, Mass.
through the generosity of former Comrades.

By invitation of Colonel Henry O. Clark, of Orange, N. J., (our well-known summer
resident). General Carmi L. Marsh, of Enosburg Vt., and Colonel H. W. Allen, of Bur-
lington, Vt., 41 veterans of the 13th Vermont Regiment and 19 guests, arrived here
Wednesday, fresh from the big encampment in Boston, for a few days' outing. They
were met at the wharf by a delegation from Thomas M. Gardner Post, No. 207, G. A. R.,
and the Fitchburg band, and escorted to the Holiday Inn, which was headquarters
during their stay, which was one round of pleasure, including a reception by Mr. and
Mrs. H. A. Willard, drives to the bathing beach, sailing parties, a visit to Surfside life-
saving station, (where an exhibition drill was given by Keeper Clisby's men), a drive
to 'Sconset, (where the band welcomed them with a patriotic air and the crowd cheered)
a visit to Sankaty, a glorious camp-fire at the local . post's headquarters, etc. Their
last evening here, Thursday, was made pleasant by a special band concert in their
honor, and the throng was so great that main street was impassable for teams. It
was a testimonial that did the old soldiers' hearts good, and their appreciations is
attested in the resolutions adopted at a session during their stay. They took the
steamer yesterday morning for home.

At a meeting of the 13th Vermont Regiment Association, called by Honorable
Prank Kenfleld, president, at the residence of Colonel Clark, after the rousing camp-
fire given by Thomas M. Gardner Post, 207, G. A. R., Thursday evening, the following
preamble and resolution were offered and adopted:

Comrades: We are about to bring to a close one of the happiest reunions we have
ever enjoyed. It has been "linked sweetness long drawn out." As we landed upon
this beautiful island, we sniffed a welcome in the very air. As we formed in line,
the splendid band of Nantucket sounded forth its welcome and we marched to its sweet
music to our resting place at the Inn. We have keenly appreciated the band concerts
to which we have been cordially welcomed. We return most hearty thanks to the
town and its band for the soul-stirring music which they have so thoughtfully given
us.

Our visit has been full of surprises. Among them was the kind and generous
welcome and refreshing collation given us on our arrival by Mr. and Mrs. Henry A.
Willard, of Washington, natives of Vermont, who have learned the way to the hearts
of veteran soldiers, and we shall ever carry them in happy memory. We are grateful
for their cordial greeting.

Another surprise which touched our -hearts has been the hearty greeting we have
received from the members of the Post of the Grand Army in this town. They met
us on our arrival, escorted us to our hotel, invited us to a camp-flre in their spacious
quarters and escorted us thither, escorted us to and from the band concert, and made
us feel at home among them. For their delightful comradeship we return heartfelt
thanks. The citizens of "Nantucket in many delightful ways have shown us that they
have a tender place In their hearts for the veterans of the Green Mountains. For
their generous kindness we are very grateful.

We are grateful for the courtesies extended by the Pacific Club and remember
pleasantly our visit at the Captain's Room.

The Reverend George H. Scott of Atkinson, N. H., then proposed the following,
flrhich was unanimously adopted by a rising vote:

Comrades of the 13th Vermont Regiment, attention: Our words are feeble but
our hearts are full. For nearly three days we have been the recipients of a splendid
hospitality. Everything that large hearts and generous means could devise has been
done for our entertainment. We are most fortunate in having among us a trinity of
good fellowship— a self-appointed committee of good cheer — consisting of comrades
General C. L. Marsh, of Enosburg Falls, Vt., Colonel Henry O. Clark, of East Orange,

868 Supplement of the History of the

N. J., a summer resident of Nantucket, and Colonel Heman W. Allen, of Burlington, Vt.

They have for the old 13th Regiment an abiding love and manifest that love in
many rich expedients to give them joy. They have done much to keep green the
memories born of common experiences in camp, on the march, and upon the battlefield,
and to strengthen the ties of comradeship among us.

Thanks to their thoughtful generosity at the grand encampment at Washington,
D. C, in October, 1902, many of us were permitted to revisit the places in Virginia
made sacred by our camps, and to those of us denied the privilege a delightful booklet,
describing the trip was sent. And now at this second Boston encampment these beloved
comrades, ever mindful of our happiness, have provided us this splendid hospitality.
For our entertainment they have laid under contributions the railroads and steam-
boats of Massachusetts, the Atlantic ocean and this sea-girt isle, its boats, baths, liveries,
hotels and homes. We have been- taken to points of special interest in the island. The
lighthouse, life-saving stations, old mill, etc., are now familiar to us. We have listened,
delighted, to the old-time stories of Nantucket embellished by the splendid imagina-
tion of our host of the island.

Heretofore Nantucket has been to most of us a spot on the map, a dim memory
of our school days. Hereafter it will live in our memories as the pleasantest of isles.
We are very grateful to them for making for us forever memorable the grand encamp-
ment of 1904. When we tell our children and our children's children the story of our
share in the civil war, we shall tell them of the lovely fellowship which abides to cheer
us in old age and also tell them the great debt we owe the three comrades who have
done so much to perpetuate our fellowship and strengthen our association.

It is moved that this expression of our love and gratitude be engrossed upon the
records of the association.

It is moved that these resolutions be published in the local paper of Nantucket
and that a copy be sent to each member of the party.

Honorable Olin Merrill, of Enosburg Falls, Vt., Jonas F. Brown, Esq., of Minneapolis,
and Colonel Herman I. Johnson, of Utica, N. Y., were elected honorary members of the
association. After appropriate remarks by the two latter gentlemen, the meeting
adjourned, thus closing this most delightful occasion.

Signed, GEORGE H. SCOTT,

Acting Secretary.

SKETCH OP JOHN B. CRANDALL

Assistant Surgeon, was born in Roxbury, Vt., February 21, 1840. At an early date his
father naoved upon a farm in the town of Berlin, Vt., where he attended the common
schools and worked on the farm until he entered Barre Academy. After finishing his
academical education he commenced the study of medicine with Dr. A. E. BIgelow, of
Barre, Vt. Soon after the breaking out of the war of the Rebellion while a medical
student he entered the military service October 15, 1861 as a hospital steward of the
Sixth Vermont Volunteer Infantry, and during his service in this Regiment he was
given a leave of absence and entered the medical department of the University of Ver-
mont where he was graduated, and promoted October 7, 1862 to assistant surgeon of
the 13th Vermont Volunteer Infantry. Mustered out with the regiment July 21, 1863,
and soon afterwards appointed surgeon U. S. Vols, and served in the Baxter and Sloan
General Hospitals leaving the service at the closing of the Sloan Hospital in the autumn
of 1865. He then took a Post Graduate course in the College of Physicians and Sur-
geons, New York City, in the winter of 1865-66. In the summer of 1866 he was appointed
assistant surgeon U. S. A. and assigned to duty with the 7th U. S. Cavalry in the depart-
ment of the Missouri, was with General Custer's command in several Indian fights.
Resigned and left the army, and commenced to practice his profession In the summer
of 1868 at Sterling, 111. In 1869 he married Miss E. J. Pluelling, of Slmcoe, Cal. To
this union a son and daughter were born. The subject of this sketch has held many
positions of trust in connection with his profession in the city of Sterling and State
of Illinois. Like most Vermonters he has prospered in his adopted home, but frequently
returns to his native state to join with his associates in regimental reunions and visit-
ing the scenes of his childhood days.

THE SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REUNION.

The Seventeenth Annual Reunion was held at Montpelier, Vt., June 27, 1905. Head-
quarters were established at the Pavilion where all were entertained during our stay
in a very generous manner. The morning hours were passed in renewing old associa-
tions. In the afternoon special electric cars were chartered by Colonel Brown and
the entire party went to Barre, visiting several places of interest. '

Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers 869

Business meeting was called to order in G. A. R. Hall at 4 o'clock, p. m., by the
President Frank Kenfield, of Morrisville, Vt.

Colonel A. C. Brown extended a cordial welcome to all present wliich was happily
responded to by Judge C. S. Palmer, of Burlington, Vt. Secretary and treasurer
reports were read and adopted. Eighteen deaths were reported for the year. Roll call
gave an attendance of 100. R. O. Sturtevant as Historian reported progress in editing
the History.

Officers elected for the ensuing year were, for President, Albert Clarke, of Boston,
Mass.; Vice-President, Cornelius S. Palmer, of Burlington, Vt.; Secretary, John H.
Lyon, of Colchester, Vt.; Treasurer, Heman W. Allen, of Burlington, Vt. Executive
Committee, W. W. Holden, of Northfield, Vt.; William Crosby, of Vergennes, Vt., and
Eli N. Peck, of Burlington, Vt.

A committee consisting of Henry O. Clark, John H. Lyon and Heman W. Allen,
were appointed with full power to procure and place a bronze tablet on the front face
of a pedestal which was being erected at the grave of Lieutenant Colonel Munson in
Colchester, Vt. Business meeting adjourned at 6:00 o'clock p. m.

Evening Exercises.

At 8:00 o'clock p. m. a reception was held In the parlors of the Pavilion. Colonel
A. C. Brown and daughter Mrs. Bailey, guests of honor. Governor and Mrs. Bell, De-
partment Commander, Wood and Mrs. Wood, Mayor and Mrs. Correy were In the receiv-
ing line. Wilder's orchestra gave excellent music for the exercises of the evening. After
the reception came the banquet and social exercises. The ample dining hall was filled
by the members and their wives and daughters. President Kenfield as Master of
Ceremonies; after justice had been given to the good things on tables, Introduced
Mayor Correy who very cordially welcomed the association to the city and its hospitality.
Remarks by Governor Bell, Colonel Albert Clarke, S. H. Wood and papers on the lives
of deceased comrades by Colonel Allen and President Kenfield were then read. A
poem was read by Mrs. Dora S. Eddy, written by her father, D. S. Stoddard. Resolu-
tions offered by Albert Clarke tendering the sincere thanks of the association to Colonel
A. C. Brown for his munificent hospitality in entertaining free of all local expense its
various members and their ladies, was adopted. After the address of C. S. Palmer,
the Social Exercise closed at 12:00 o'clock with the singing of "America" with the
orchestra.

THE EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REUNION

was held at Colchester, Vt., July 3, 1906. A very complete account of the entire pro-
ceedings will be found on pages 821-829 of this volume.

THE NINETEENTH ANNUAL REUNION

was held at Waltsfield, Vt, June 26, 1907, the home of company B. The village of
Waitsfield appeared to be keeping flag day. The business meeting was called to order
in opera hall at 2:00 o'clock p. m., by the President, John H. Lyon. Address of wel-
come, written by Comrade E. A. PIsk, was read by Mrs. Alice Wilder Richardson,
daughter of Captain Wilder of Company B., and received with applause. President
Lyon responded to the cordial welcome with appropriate remarks. The Waltsfield band
rendered excellent music during the day and evening.- The secretarys' and treasurers'
reports were read and adopted. The Historian made a verbal report and requested that
action be taken as to publishing the history. After some discussion the Historian
suggested that a committee be appointed to act with the Historian and Assistant Historian
in the matter and the suggestion in the form of a motion was adopted. The publica-
tion committee as constituted consists of R. O. Sturtevant, Historian; C. L. Marsh, As-
sistant Historian; Albert Clarke; A. C. Brown; H. W. Allen; J. H. Lyon and H. O.
Clark. By vote of the association the committee were given full power to edit and
publish the History. Letters from absent members and friends were read and placed
on file. 18 deaths were reported since the last meeting. Memorial services followed,
with remarks by Comrades Brown, Albert Clarke, Holden, Allen, Palmer and Ranslow.
70 members were present at this meeting. The selection of the place to hold the next
meeting was earnestly discussed after which the motion of Colonel Brown to leave the
selection of place to hold the next meeting with the Incoming President, Secretary,
Treasurer and Executive Committee, was adopted. E. T. Bragraw, Commander of Post
140, Department of N. Y., G. A. R. was elected an honorary member of the association.
Officers for the ensuing year were elected as follows: President, Z. H. McAllister, of
Waltsfield, Vt.; Vice-President, H. E. Mudgett, of North Hyde Park, Vt.; Secretary,

870 Supplement of the History of the

B. N. Peck^ of Burlington, Vt. ; Treasurer, H. W. Allen, of Burlington, Vt. ; Executive
Committee, H. 0. Clark, of East Orange, N. J.; R. O. Sturtevant, of Swanton, Vt.; C. L.
Marsh, of Enosburg Falls, Vt; business session closed at 5:30 p. m.

Camp-fire Exercises.

Exercises in opera hall were opened at 8:00 p. m. with President Lyon in the
chair. Music by the band. Prayer was offered by Rev. W. A. Ramlee, of Waitsfield.
The speakers were Colonel A. C. Brown, of Montpelier, Vt. ; Honorable Frank Kenfield,
of Morrisville, Vt; Judge C. S. Palmer, of Burlington, Vt; Colonel H. O. Clark, of
East Orange, N. J.; E. T. Bragaw, of N. Y.; F. O. Bushnell, of Worcester, Mass.; W. W.
Holden, of Northfield, Vt.; General C. L. Marsh, of Enosburg Falls, Vt.; Rev. E. J.
Ranslow, of Swanton, Vt.; Colonel Albert Clarke, of Boston, Mass. Musical selections
by Mrs. Hill and Miss Boyce, pianist. Miss Freeman. Recitation by Miss Maxwell and
Miss Dana. R. O. Sturtevant moved a vote of thanks be given to the members of
Company B. and the Regiment, ladies and citizens of Waitsfield for their royal welcome,
fraternal greetings and generous hospitality so cordially given to the members of the
association. Motion was unanimously adopted. Exercises closed at 10:30 p. m. with
singing of "America" by quartette and audience.

MEMORIAL TRIBUTE TO JOSEPH SARGENT, CHAPLAIN.

Joseph Sargent was born in Warren, N. H., about 1817. Prepared for the ministry
under the tuition of the Rev. S. H. Davis, his first pastorate being in Sullivan County
of his native State. Came to Barnard, Vt, where he remained two or three years,
then became pastor of the church in Barre, Vt, in 1848, and during his pastorate there
he took a leading part In the social exercises of the town, formation of a town library
and raising money and building a new church edifice in 1852. Represented the town
two years in the legislature. Resigned in 1857 and became pastor of the church in
Plainfield, Vt., and after two years service there, desiring better facilities for educating
his children, he removed to Williston, Vt., and became pastor of the church there about
1859. The Rev. Joseph Sargent was a person of strong and forceful speech, fine
address, of a kind and sympathetic nature, patriotic and ready to defend his country
in its hours of peril. Enlisted from Williston, Vt. under the call of August 4, 1862,
and helped to organize the Richmond Company, September 10, 1862, was mustered
into the service of the United States, October 10, 1862 as Chaplain of the 13th Vermont
Volunteer Infantry. Died at the "Mansion House" Camp Carusi near Occoquan, Va.,
April 20, 1863 of typhoid fever with burial at Enfield, N. H., leaving a wife and four
children to mourn their loss.

E. N. P.

MEMORIAL TRIBUTE TO SURGEON GEORGE NICHOLS.

George Nichols, only son of James and Annis Dole Nichols, was born in Northfield,
Vt., April 17, 1827. His grandfather, Bleazer Nichols of Putney, Vt., served in the
Continental Army during the war of the Revolution, being on duty at General Wash-
ingtons headquarters, winter of 1777-8 at Valley Forge. The subject of this sketch
assisted his father, who was a manufacturer of doors and blinds and attending the
common schools until the age of fourteen, when he entered a grammar school and
continued studying and teaching, fitting himself for college at the Newbury Seminary
until 1848, when he commenced the study of medicine. Appointed State Librarian in
1848, holding this position for five years. Entered the medical college at Woodstock,
Vt. in 1849 and graduated in 1851, and entered upon the practice of his profession in
company with his former preceptor Dr. S. W. Thayer, at Northfield, Vt In 1852,
married Miss Ellen M., daughter of Abijah Blake, of Vergennes, Vt., and by this union
a son and daughter were born to them, each of them died In infancy. In 1854 he
combined the bulsness of a druggist with his medical practice. Served as clerk of the
Vermont and Canada Railway Company 1856-1872. Commissioned as surgeon of the
13th Vermont Volunteer Infantry, September 24, 1862, and gave faithful service In
defence of the nation until mustered out of the service July 21, 1863. Again resumed
the duties of his profession retaining the druggist business until 1898. In 1865, he was
appointed secretary of State to fill a vacancy, and continued to hold it by coiisecutive
elections until 1884. Active in politics from the formation of the Republican party
of which he was one of its leaders. First Commander of Johnson Post 23, Department
of Vermont G. A. R., took an active part in the formation of his Regimental Associa-
tion of which he was first president. Also president of the Vermont Officers Reunion
Society, 1880. In 1873 he was elected clerk of the Vermont Central Railroad Company

Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers 871

which office he held 15 years. President of the Northfleld National Bank 25 years.
Active In the establishing of the Norwich University in Northfleld of which he served
as trustee, treasurer and 10 years as vice-president and acting president. In 1881 the
university conferred upon him the degree of L. L. D. For many years a member of
St. Mary's Episcopal Church to which he gave liberally for its support and welfare.
A man of ripe experience commanding presence, strong and ready in speech, one of the
towns most distinguished citizens and States ablest men, relinquished all public duties
as far as possible in 1895, because of defective vision and hearing. Mrs. Nichols died
September 8, 1905, and soon after he began to fall physically, the decline was gradual
until the final summons came April 28, 1907 at the age of 80 years.

E. N. P.

SARATOGA SPECIAL.

A call was issued July 27, 1907, for a special meeting to be held in Saratoga,

N. Y. September 11, 1907.

A meeting of the 13th Vermont Regiment Association was held Wednesday morn-
ing at ten o'clock in front of the United States Hotel, Saratoga, which hostelry was
the Vermont headquarters. The meeting was attended not only by members of the
13th Vermont but by a large number of other Vermont comrades and veterans from
different States. The meeting was called to order by Colonel Ziba H. McAllister of
Waltsfield, who presided. Colonel Allen of this city acted as secretary pro tem.

Lafayette Post, No. 140, of New York, of which Colonel H. O. Clark is a member, was
escorted to the band stand in front of the hotel by the Lyndonville band. The first
speaker called upon by President McAllister was E. T. Bragaw, a member of the New
York stock exchange and commander of Lafayette post, who is an honorary member
of the 13th Vermont Association. Comrade Bragaw paid deserved compliments, not
only to the 13th but to the Vermont troops generally.

The event of the meeting was the presentation to Colonel A. C. Brown of Mont-
pelier by Comrade Henry B. Meigs of Baltimore, a member of Company K of the 13th,
of a gold badge of beautiful design, embellished with diamonds and other precious
stones. Colonel Brown is commander of the department of Vt. fr. A. R., and was
Lieutenant-Colonel of the 13th. He resides in Montpelier and Is a hale veteran, who
achieved an enviable war record and who has since been a conspicuous figure in Ver-
mont as a financier and man of affairs. The presentation speech of Comrade Meigs
was an eloquent tribute to Colonel Brown's worth as a soldier and as a man. The
colonel was taken completely by surprise hut made an earnest and appreciative
response. Seated upon the platform were his daughter, Mrs. Ella Brown Bailey and
his granddaughter, Mrs. Bliss, both of Montpelier.

The idea of the presentation to Colonel Brown originated with Comrades Allen,
Marsh and Clark, who constituted a self appointed .committee and carried the idea to a
successful issue. The badge is the gift to Colonel Brown of his comrades of the 13th
in recognition of his hard work, loyalty and devotion to the order.

Colonel Allen presented for honorary membership of the regimental association
the name of Henry P. Butler of Lafayette Post, a prominent New York lawyer, and he
was unanimously elected. Comrade Butler was a guest last year of the association at
its reunion in Colchester. He made an appreciative response to the honor conferred
upon him. Colonel Clark presented the name of the Honorable E. T. Holbrook of
Miiton for honorary membership and Judge Holbrook was unanimously received Into
the organization.

Stirring speeches were also made by Eli Torrance, past commander-in-chief of
the national department of the G. A. R., Daniel Ross of Baltimore, past senior vice-
commander-in-chief and P. O. Bushnell of Worcester, Mass., commander of George H.
Ward, Post, G. A. R., the largest Grand Army post in the United States.

During the exercise the Lyndonville band discoursed excellent music. After cheers
for Lafayette Post and for Colonel Brown, the meeting adjourned. A picture of the
assemblage was made by photographer H. B. Settle and copies of the picture may be
procured of him at 37 Putnam street, Saratoga.

Among those returning from Saratoga was the venerable Thomas T. Snell of East
Enoshurg, who in spite of his four score and two years, braved the terrific rain of
Wednesday and participated in the parade of the soldiers of '61.

Essex Junction was selected for the Twentieth Annual Meeting July 30, 1908.
Business session was called to order in Foresters Hall at 11:30 a. m. by President
Z. H. McAllister. Prayer was offered by Rev. C. H. Dunton, of Poultney. Dr. C. M.
Ferrin tendered a cordial welcome to the members of the association in behalf of the

872 Supplement of the History of the

village people. President McAllister responded with thanks for their kind reception.
Munson's orchestra furnished music for the occasion. Secretary and treasurer
reports were read and adopted. Letters were read from absent members and friends.
Twelve deaths were reported since our last meeting. Memorial services were held
with remarks by Comrades E. A. Fish and C. S. Palmer. Colonel Brown took this
occasion to thank the association for the beautiful badge presented to him at Saratoga
last year under the direction of our generous committee of three.

Colonel H. O. Clark, chairman of the Executive Committee, called up for action
the subject of a Gettysburg excursion and moved that this association go to Gettysburg
about October first next. Informal discussion followed by several members. Motion
was adopted by a rising vote. Pledge cards were given out for those who intended to
go to sign and return to the committee. Henry O. Clark was elected chairman of the
committee to arrange the Gettysburg trip. Roll call gave an attendance of 80 members.
Colonel Albert Clarke, of Boston, Mass., offered a resolution endorsing the proposition
to construct a Lincoln Memorial Parkway from Washington to Gettysburg. And the
resolution was adopted. Dr. John B. Crandall, of Sterling, 111., gave a very interesting
address replete with historical incidents.

The Self Appointed Committee.

"The self appointed committee of three": Colonels Allen and Clark and General
Marsh, always have something doing and they made this reunion no exception. Each
of the veterans present received from the committee an elegant pearl handled pocket
knife and so far as it was known who would be present, the names of the recipients
and the words "13th Vermont" were inscribed on handles. The knives were done up in
neat little boxes bearing on the outside a graceful poem from the pen of Henry P.
Butler, a member of Lafayette Post, New York, and an honorary member of the 13th
Vermont Association. The poem is as follows:

Down from the mountain homes they came,

The bright faced boys to the village store.
War's smouldering torch had become a flame

And the call Insistent, "We need some more."

Virginia's soil was the soldier's school

Saw his nightly vigil in damps and dew.
Till as warriors equipped they were staunch and cool

And Gettysburg showed what the boys could do.

Peaceful and restful the old green hills

Shelter the man once a soldier boy
War's memories sleep, war's bitter ills

Forgotten in scenes of reunion joy.

Election of OfHcers.

The following officers were elected: President, Judge C. S. Palmer, of Burlington
Vt; Vice-President, M. W. Thompson, of Colchester, Vt.; Secretary, Eli N. Peck, of
Burlington, Vt.; Treasurer, Colonel H. W. Allen, of Burlington, Vt; Executive Com-
mittee, Colonel H. O. Clark, of East Orange, N. J.; General Carmi L. Marsh, of Enos-
burg Palls, Vt.; R. O. Sturtevant, of Swanton, Vt., together with the other officers
The meeting adjourned at 2:00 o'clock p. m. for dinner.

The Dinner.

The dinner, which was an ample one and well served was given under the direc-
tion of Sherman Relief Corps. It had been planned to have post-prandial exercises
but owing to the excessive heat that feature of the program was omitted Afternoon
session came to order at 3:00 o'clock p. m.

History Promised Soon.

R. O. Sturtevant, of Swanton, Vt., historian of the regiment, made an exhausive
report when the association reassembled after dinner. He said that part of the book
has been printed and he gave it as his opinion that copies of the volume would be in
readiness for distribution in 90 days, at a probable cost of $4.00 a volume After
remarks by the President, no further business appearing, the meeting closed at 4-00
o'clock p. m. with music by the orchestra.

Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers 873

THIRTEENTH VERMONT REGIMENT ASSOCIATION RETURNS FROM

BATTLEFIELD.

Burlington, Vt., October 14, 1908, Gettysburg Excursion.

Printed on the menu card of the dinner served abroad the steamer C. W.
Morse which carried the members of the 13th Vermont Regiment Association down the
Hudson from Albany to New York, on their way to Gettysburg, were three interesting
dates. They represented the three different occasions on which the regiment visited
Gettysburg. The first was in July, 1863; the second in October, 1899; and the third
in October, 1908;' the last mentioned excursion has just been completed, and the mem-
bers of the association have returned home.

Over 125 persons had taken part therein, including a good number of ladies, and
the visit to Gettysburg had been as enjoyable as it was instructive.

Much credit is due the executive committee consisting of Colonel H. O. Clark,
chairman; Colonel H. W. Allen, treasurer; Judge C. S. Palmer, General Carmi L.
Marsh, who were present, as well as to R. O. Sturtevant and Eli N. Peck, secretary,
who were unable to go with the party, for the successful way the arrangements were
carried out.

The run down by rail and water was without special incident. As the train
drew near to Gettysburg, rather noticeable especially on the part of old soldiers who
had never revisited the scenes of the sanguinary conflict were the efforts made to get
the first glimpse of the famous field. The very name of the little town printed on a
wooden board or the unpretentious railway station had something in it familiar of the
sweltering days in July, 1863.

Pickett's grand charge across the open stretch of ground between the two ridges
where General Stannard's Vermonters made their reputation on the third day of the
battle. The magnificence of that attack could be easily imagined from the lay of the
ground. Pickett's 18,000 men came across as if on parade. They had about a mile to
cover on the open plain and their steady march excited the admiration of the Union
soldiers. The way they were cut up by the Union forces, and how much that end was
contributed to by the flanking movement executed under orders of General Stannard.
The work of the Vermont troops on that day will be remembered as long as the granite
monuments erected at Gettysburg hold together against the attacks of time. Just
in front of them was the scene where they had captured the battery and also where
Captain Lonergan and the men of Company A, had taken the rebel sharp shooters from
the Roger's house; nothing can be more peaceful than the field of Gettysburg at that
moment. The warm sun was beating down with July heat, and little remained to
remind the visitors of a great conflict but the monuments; and the lines of batteries
which are composed of condemned cannon of the kind used in the war. It requires a
feat of the imagination to bridge over the forty-five Interesting years, and people the
plain with dying and dead men, the struggling hosts of combatants, and the awful
roar of the 200 cannon as they answered each other from ridge to ridge.

Photographs were taken of the Vermont veterans and those accompanying them
on the field of Gettysburg, and a short explanation was given at the monument erected
by the 13th Regiment of the incident in the career of Captain Brown which is depicted
by the bronze figure on top. The State monument surmounted with General Stannard's
statue near by was found to be an appropriate shaft to his memory. Much admiration
was expressed to see the Vermont monuments erected at Gettysburg.

The camp-fire at the court house in Gettysburg, Friday evening, October 16, was
one of those interesting gatherings which Vermonters have long been accustomed to
hold. It was about eight p. m., when Colonel H. 0. Clark marched the veterans, their
wives and friends, from the Eagle hotel to the place of meeting and from the time that
Judge Palmer, president of the association took the chair until the last speech, which
was made by Colonel Albert Clarke, of Boston, the flow of comradeship and good fellow-
ship never flagged. As chairman, Judge Palmer had the happy knack of introducing
one, and all on the programme in the way that gave them a good start.

In his introductory remarks Judge Palmer said how like a dream it must seem
to those who now recognized the greatness of the Union that a little over 40 years
ago one-half of the country desired to disrupt it. Within the memory of men present
a serious and determined attempt had been made to attain that end; those, he added
who believed that the spirits of the dead participated in the cares and trials of this
life would have no difficulty in accepting the possibility that the spirits of brave men
who were buried at Gettysburg were not indifferent to their comrades on earth. "I
am a believer in Christianity," said the chairman, "and I have the abiding faith that
if the roll call could be made of those men of both armies their verdict would be
loyalty to our country and our flag."

The sentiment was loudly applauded and it was one of the most touching and
effective remarks of the evening, that brought forth many clever things in which
humorous episode had a full and acceptable hearing.

874 Supplement of the History of the

The first speaker was Colonel A. C. Brown wlio was Introduced as the ranking
officer of the regiment now alive. Colonel Brown despite his years proved to be full of
vigor and reminiscence of war days. No one can walk over that battlefield said Colonel
Brown without thanking God for what was done there. The speaker concluded by
saying a happy word in support of the Gettysburg highway to Washington.

Before calling on ex-Governor Ormsbee of Brandon, the chairman remarked he
hoped the people of Gettysburg in the hall would not think the Vermonters were
desirous of making any unjust claims of what they had done. They recognized they
were but a part of one army and they also knew they were guests of the people of the
town, that they were in fact visiting an important place in the history of the country.

When Governor Ormsbee advanced to the centre of the floor his gray hair, strong
features, and strong argument won him an attentive reception. Governor Ormsbee touched
upon the great work done by the ladies who were devoted to the war. Who can forget he
said that in tears and sighs and sorrows unspeakable they had helped to send fathers,
husbands and brothers to the front. Who could forget that those noble bands of ladies
while the boys were drilling in the squares were making things we were supposed to need
when we went away. "They were made in tears." This great tribute to the part so many
American women took in the war was concurred in a way that showed it had touched
a tender chord of sympathy. After more interesting remarks Governor Ormsbee ended
by saying that some time ago he might have thanked the comrades in the name of
the State, but he desired as a representative of the 12th Vermont to thank the mem-
bers of the 13th Regiment with all the ex-officio power he possessed for the honor he
had by being among them. Miss Mudgett followed in a patriotic recitation telling of
the heroism of a drummer boy.

The chairman in a few felicitous remarks drew attention to Baltimore and how it
was disliked for a long time by Union soldiers. But all that was changed. Comrade
Meigs, was a resident of that city and he had brought a friend with him now that
Baltimore was no longer hostile as in former days.

Comrade Goodrich was then introduced and his message from Baltimore was such
that the camp-fire accepted without criticism.

With the remark that he had always a warm place in his heart for Lafayette Post,
N. Y., the chairman introduced Colonel H. O. Clark, who said he was proud of the
post and proud of the 13th Regiment. He would never leave either. Colonel Clark
then made a couple of interesting announcements. One was that arrangements had
been made to leave for Washington Saturday afternoon instead of on Sunday, and that
President Roosevelt would receive the veterans at the White House Monday afternoon.
What proved to be a historical document was read by Colonel Clark. It was the
requisition made in the town for supplies by Genera! Early, June 26, 1863, just a few
days before the battle of Gettysburg. The town was ordered to provide quantities of
hats, shoes, 7,000 pounds of flour, 1,000 pounds of meal and the like.

The reply of the town authorities when read informed the Confederate general
their means would not permit them to do as required, but that they were willing to
call on the citizens to supply what was possible. As the event proved however, they
were relieved of doing anything and General Early departed before the 24 hours were
expired. The letter is filed in the court house where it is carefully preserved. Mrs.
Merrill of Enosburg Falls responded to the Invitation of the chairman and sang
"Illinois" very acceptably. Colonel H. W. A'lleu read a letter from, John B. Crandall,
of Sterling, 111., assistant surgeon, regretting his inability to be present. He sent
instead the following greeting: "The 13th Regiment: To the living and dead; the
first, the last, the best." Short speeches were in turn made by Comrade Shepherd
of the 14th Regiment, Comrade N. P. Palmer of the 15th Regiment; and Comrade Clark
of (lie 16th Regiment.

Judge Palmer at this point said all would remember an officer of the regiment
he was glad to name; there was no braver man, who went on the field of Gettysburg
than Captain John Lonergan of Company A., and though he was no longer among
them, he had a son present, and all members of the regiment would be glad to wel-
come him. Thomas Lonergan of Montreal expressed a few words of thankfulness and
appreciation and he was followed by D. Bingham, of East Orange, N. J., who accom-
panied the Vermonters from that State. Mr. Bingham remarked he reached the United
States too late to be a veteran, but not too late to admire the great work thev had
done, and his one regret was he had no share in it.

Colonel Albert Clarke of Boston was the last speaker. In the course of some in-
teresting and well expressed remarks Colonel Clarke suggested the regiment should
start a movement to do honor to General 0. O. Howard at Gettysburg by having a
suitable monument erected to him.

As regards the national parkway from Gettysburg to Washington, Colonel Clarke
gave several reasons in favor of a Lincoln memorial, worthy of the man and another
that would fittingly add to the importance of the battlefield.

The camp-fire was brought to a close by the singing of "America."

Those who took advantage of the excursion aside from patriotic reasons report it
was an ideal time to visit both Gettysburg and Washington.

Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers 875

The time at Washington was spent in sightseeing. Arlington cemetery, Mount
Vernon, and the government buildings were all visited and admired.

When the Vermont excursionists stood before President Roosevelt, Monday after-
noon, October 19, they felt as proud of the meeting as it was obviously agreeable to
the Chief Magistrate of the nation. He was in good humor, and did not as usual
content himself with a simple hand shake. He spoke cheerfully to the veterans as
they passed before him and now and then as something was said that pleased him as
the li^e moved along he laughed heartily.

The party was conducted to the Bast room where they awaited the coming of the
President. They were not kept long. With no ceremony President Roosevelt, ac-
companied by a military aid, entered the room. Judge Palmer prefaced the presenta-
tions by a few happy remarks. Forty-six years ago, he said, the Vermont brigade
did their duty at Gettysburg, and the remnant of them accompanied by wives and
families had come to visit the battlefield. After doing so they had traveled on to
Washington to pay their respects to the President. Judge Palmer added in that con-
nection it was but their duty to assure the President of their appreciation of what
he had done for American citizenship and what he had accomplished to make American
life better and nobler. There was just enough in the remarks to induce the President
to speak from the heart. It was a great pleasure to meet Vermonters, he said. But
a few years ago on the account of his visit to Gettysburg he had noticed what they
had done for the country. I was once in a little war myself said President Roosevelt.
"It was not big, but it was all there was."

The allusion cut the ground from under ceremony and made the visitors feel at
home.

President Roosevelt added he was deeply touched by the remarks made as to what
he had done to keep up the high level of American manhood. It was always his
conviction that the better a man's work was the better citizen he made in peace. "I
knew Vermont well," added the President, "and were I asked to point out the State
where the citizens keep closest to the ideals we should like to see everywhere in this
country I should come pretty near voting for Vermont. All I have been trying to do
is to apply the principles you men stand for. I want to see this government able
to hold its head aloof, and able to stand any move of aggression made against it, and
at the same time careful to treat other nations right. A man has no right to suffer
imposition or wrong, and I hope to see the conduct of the United States modeled
on that principle. Let us do our duty abroad and at home, and we can do it if we
are true to the principles of this government.

"When you went to battle each took an interest in the man alongside of him. It
made no difference what he was so long as he would stand put."

This characteristic bit of the Roosevelt doctrine was given in a way that he spoke.
He talked as if he meant what he said. The President closed by once more expressing
his pleasure at being able to greet the Vermont veterans, their families and friends.
Each one then filed before him and was introduced by Colonel H. O. Clark and Colonel
H. W. Allen.

The greeting of the President was one of the most appreciative bits of advice on
the duties of American citizenship that can be imagined. The party left the White
House invigorated in spite of all their sightseeing.

Immediately after the reception at the White House the whole party by invitation
of Mr. and Mrs. Henry A. Willard, proceeded to their handsome residence, where they
were royally entertained and each one presented to their hosts as well as to Mr. and
Mrs. Henry A. Willard, 2nd, and to Master Henry A. Willard, 3rd.

Mr. Willard, senior, was proprietor of the old Willard Hotel and in face of a
considerable opposition kept the United States flag flying during the time when many
others did not dare do so. The Willards are loyal Vermonters. General Ethan Allen
was married at the house of Mrs. Willard's great grandfather in Westminster, Vt.
Their thoughtfulness and kindness and the delightful reception given to more than one
hundred Vermonters was most highly appreciated and was one of the pleasantest
Incidents of the trip.

PROCEEDINGS.

The Twenty-first Annual Reunion of the 13th Vermont Regiment ■ Association
was held at the Howard Relief Hall in Burlington, Vermont, July 7, 1909. The business
meeting was called to order at 2 o'clock, p. m. by C. S. Palmer, president.

Prayer was offered by Rev. C. H. Dunton, of Poultney, Vt.

After greetings by the President, C. S. Palmer, Colonel Albert Clarke moved the
appointment of a Committee on Resolutions as follows: "It has long been known that
this Association is the most interesting and successful of all the Regimental Associa-
tions in this State, and I am not sure but that we can flatter ourselves that we a<re
as good as any in the United States, and this has largely been due not only to the
fact of our being such good material, for even good materials need shaping and guid-

876 Supplement of the History of the

ing. Some years ago there dawned upon us 'The self-constituted Committee of three,'
which took matters in hand, and which has done more than all the rest of us; which
did more to make the Association what it is than all other members of the Associa-
tion together. We are very grateful to that Committee for their kind and generous
services in making us feel at home in the Association upon every occasion when we
have met them. And we think we can suit ourselves better in no other way than by
giving to them a sort of testimonial of the expression of our appreciation, and there-
fore, I move that the chairman appoint a committee of three to retire and prepare
some resolutions expressive of our gratitude to those Comrades for their kindly and
helpful interest in the Association.

Albert Clarke, Colonel A. C. Brown, Comrade John H. Lyon and Colonel H. P.
Butler were appointed as such committee.

Secretary's minutes of the last annual meeting and the Gettysburg Special, also
committee meetings held during the year past were read and approved and by vote of
the Association adopted.

H. W. Allen, treasurer, read his 21st annual report showing receipts of $102.89
and disbursements of $96.00 for the year ending June 30, 1909, and by vote, the report
was adopted. The secretary's report on necrology was read, and after being amended
by additions, 23 deaths were reported since the last annual meeting. By vote of the
Association the report was adopted subject to amendment.

Letters from absent members and friends, viz: From M. B. Carpenter, Denver,
Col., H. L Johnson, Paris, France, A. H. Hershey, Sterling, 111., and G. N. Knight
of New York city were read by the secretary and placed on file. H. W. Allen addressed
the president as follows: I received a postal card recently from Brussels, Belgium,
dated June 2, 1909, showing on one side the battlefield of Waterloo, underneath these
words: "A penny in the slot show, as compared with Gettysburg." Signed H. I.
Johnson.

REPORT OF COMMITTEES.

And the first in their legitimate order would be the report of the Gettysburg
Excursion Committee, and I will call upon Colonel H. 0. Clark to give us a report.

Colonel H. O. Claek: I will say at this time that the excursion to Gettysburg
was talked of for several years. Of course we all wanted to go. It finally culminated
last year with a committee being appointed with instructions to arrange for an
excursion to Gettysburg in October. The committee took hold of the matter and
arranged for the excursion. The party left here on the 1st day of October, went to
Albany and went down on the Hudson river boat to New York and were well enter-
tained with a special dinner on the boat. At New York we boarded a special train
on the Pennsylvania railroad. There were something over a hundred Comrades and
friends in the party. The committee had arranged at Gettysburg for accommodation
at two hotels and all were comfortably housed, as comfortably as we could be in the
hotels of that little burgh.

The next day after reaching Gettysburg we all went out under the guidance of
Captain J. T. Long, in carriages, and spent the whole day on the field. That night
we had a camp-fire, presided over by our worthy president, and a very pleasant even-
ing was spent.

The next day we continued the visitation of the battlefield and had a picture
taken. I think we have one of the pictures here. In the afternoon our intention was
to remain over Sunday, but we left Gettysburg on a special train for Washington and
spent Sunday in Washington. Monday a reception had been arranged at the White
House to meet the President of the United States, and we all marched, 112 in the
party, down into the Blue Room of the White House. President Roosevelt came in,
greeted us and made us a handsome address, after which we were presented by Judge
Palmer, our President. Everyone present had an opportunity of shaking hands with
the President, and we spent a pleasant hour.

After leaving there we had been invited by Mr. Henry A. Willard, formerly a
resident of this State, but for the past fifty years a resident of Washington, to go to
his house. We marched over to his house and met Mr. and Mrs. Willard and son
and son's wife and were nicely entertained with lemonade and punch and cake and
things of that kind, after which the excursion broke up at that point. After that we
took our own time and way of getting home. I think I may say that the excursion
was a success. Most of the people from Vermont were gone a week. During that
time there was not an unpleasant day or hour. It was real 13th Vermont weather
such as we are usually favored with. I think the excursion was a success and those
who went were glad, and those who did not go missed something. I think that is
about all.

President: As I expected. Comrade Clark's report has been given to you very
modestly. As one of the members of the party I want to add just a word to what has

Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers 877

been reported. I want to say most emphatically that it was one of the most enjoyable
occasions of my life. I think, all things considered, that I never experienced a week
where the full time was put in a way so interesting and instructive. I say to you
comrades who were not there upon that occasion especially, if you haven't been to
Gettysburg, you haven't any idea of the memories that come back to you while going
over that field. But what I got on my feet particularly to say was, before we had
reached Gettysburg and especially after leaving Washington, we all united in saying
that on such management on the part of a committee had ever been known as was
given by the "Self-Appointed Committee of Three" of the 13th Vermont Regimental
Association. (Applause.) I am not overstating it, those who were present will re-
member with me — (voice from the audience) — "You can't overstate it." I want to
give a little bit of credit to the Committee who had charge of the matter.

H. O. Clabk: Comrades, I want to say at this time, that this Association has
been on several excursions and this one at Gettysburg was certainly a pleasant one.
The one previous to that was at Nantucket, three or four years ago. On that occasion
this same Henry A. Willard's son met us as soon as we landed at the dock and
wanted we should come to his house and that he would prepare a reception for us.
We did go to his house and were treated to cigars, punch, and I don't know what all.
He has always evinced a great deal of hospitality toward Vermonters. At Washington
he came down to the hotel and said to me, "Come out to my house, all of you." I
said, "but there are more than a hundred of us," he said, "The more the better. I
want every Vermonter to come up." We did go up, and it pleased the old gentleman
very much. He is a very loyal Vermonter.

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON RESOLUTIONS.

Colonel Albert Clarke as chairman reported that the Committee on Resolutions
testifying our appreciation of the "Self-Appointed Committee of Three", that we have
prepared and now offer for adoption the following resolutions:

Whereas, in the good providence of God there still remains a little band of survivors
of the 13th Regiment of Vermont Volunteer Infantry in the War of the Rebellion, who,
through the vicissitudes of the camp and field became closely knit together in mutual
esteem and affection; and

Whereas, since the conclusion of the great war that united us as brothers in
arms these survivors have met together in still warmer and closer personal relations
in the 13th Vermont Veteran Association; and

Whereas, in that Association certain comrades have been conspicuous in their
solicitude for the welfare and happiness of all the members, and for their unwavering
fidelity to all that fraternity and brotherhood mean; and

Whereas, among those comrades whom we particularly love and cherish our hearts
go out with peculiar gratitude to Heman W. Allen of "A", Henry O. Clark of "D" and
Carmi L. Marsh of "K", the Self-Appointed Committee of Three," for self-denying
thoughtfulness, sincere devotion and constant care for the pleasure and comfort of
us all;

Therefore, he it resolved, that we survivors of the 13th Regiment Vermont Volun-
teers and members of this Association, mindful of the loving conduct of these com-
rades, unite in expressing to them our heartfelt regard and affection; our warmest
thanks for their countless efforts in our behalf; and our hope that they may be spared
to give us their wise counsel and loving presence during the existence of our Associa-
tion.

Colonel Albert Clarke: Mr. President, unfortunately I have but one copy of
these resolutions, but I invite Comrades Allen, Clark and Marsh to the front and
center.

REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT.

Before this vote is taken on the motion made by Comrade Albert Clarke for the
adoption of these resolutions, it has been suggested to me and I have been requested
to say just a word in addition to what, he will say. I am not in the habit of throwing
bouquets, and I am not going to do so now. But comrades these resolutions are not
prepared and offered in any but the kindest spirit. They express the heartfelt feeling
of your comrades. It was a question for some time among us just exactly what would
be a worthy form of expression to you for what you had done for us. As I have said
before to you I am entirely unable to explain this question of the fraternal feeling that
possesses the hearts of the boys who fought in that great struggle, and I cannot
express it now; whether it Is the result of the long days in the camp or on the
wearisome march I cannot tell; whether it is produced by the suffering in the field

878 Supplement of the History of the

hospital or the prison pens, I dont know; whether the agonies of the battlefield cut
any figure in producing the feeling of fraternity I cannot tell. But the fact remains
that there is this feeling among the members of the 13th Vermont Regimental Asso-
ciation; the members of this Association as well as their friends have recognized and
have often been witnesses of this exhibition of fraternal and friendly feeling on
your part towards us. And we are here to say that to you this afternoon. I am
simply bringing to the minds of the men who are going to vote upon those resolutions
these facts, and I' will ask Comrade Clarke to add to what I have said.

PRESENTATION OF THE TESTIMONIALS BY COL. ALBERT CLARKE.

As usual extremely little can be added to what our President says on such occa-
sions as this. As I said we had only one copy of the resolutions prepared for me to
present and we thought, if possible, we ought to do a little more 'than that and have
it in shape so you could take it home with you, and when we are not present and you
cannot look into our friendly grateful faces, it may be some little satisfaction to you
in the trying years of the future to be able to see our signatures. Now comrades.
President Palmer, who always does things so well, being surpassed in that respect by
nobody but the "Self-Appointed Committee of Three," has drawn upon some of the
forces of New York, and has caused these resolutions to be prepared in what I under-
stand to be some very creditable works of art, which we have brought here, and which
are now unveiled for the examination of you all, and we call upon the "Self-Appointed
Committee of Three" to step forward and claim their own, and we hope that if the
time ever comes when we cannot hold these annual reunions, those will hang where
they will catch their last expiring gaze, that they will have some appreciation of the
kindly feeling and gratitude which goes with it .from every member of our Associa-
tion. Every member contributed to it more than was necessary; every member united
In presenting this testimonial with greater avidity than has been manifested before
except upon the field. They are yours, and with them go our hearts, our warmest
comradeship. We wish for you long life and happiness.

President: Comrades, you have heard the report of the Committee on Resolu-
tions. Now the question before the meeting is the adoption of the resolutions. Is
there any comrade present who has anything to say? I want to hear from Comrade
Butler.

Colonel H. P. Butler rose and addressed the meeting as follows:

I love to be taken by surprise. I knew I was to speak at this meeting, because
as one of the committee who arranged those very creditable testimonials, I asked the
President of the Association if I might speak for five minutes; but I don't know that
I can speak at all. I have been talking on my feet for forty-two years, usually, as I
am a lawyer, with a brief, or some abstract, at least. And the other day I sat down
and said, "Now, I will prepare something to say when I go to the 13th Vermont Asso-
ciation meeting," and I thought, "I am going up there to take into my heart and into
my soul (from the wonderful State that I have seen but once before) inspiration.
Three years ago I attended a meeting of this Association at Colchester — little Colchester
— when I first heard about it I looked upon the map and could not find it. When I
came here and saw the long beautiful streets, so suggestive of "sweetness long drawn
out;" when I heard our chairman say this was the most beautiful city in this little
commonwealth, I said to myself, "Why, it is one of the biggest commonwealths upon
the map of the United States." If it could only be smoothed out like the prairies of
the west, and the wrinkles effaced, just imagine how much territory it would spread
over. But, would you add one inch to its length and breadth, or do away with the
wonderful hills — the most Impressive, I have ever seen? As a boy I was educated at
Geneva, and during two summers I traveled all over Europe, with the exception of
Russia and Spain. I was two years on the beautiful lake Geneva. I came back from
ther.e thinking it was the most beautiful spot upon the face of this earth, and I thought
so, until with my dear Comrade H. O. Clark, I drove down from his beautiful place
to Lake Champlaln, and with all those pictures in my heart of the Swiss lakes, I said
"Never before have I seen anything like this, and never do I expect to see anything
fairer until my eyes behold the lakes of paradise. It is supremely beautiful. Never
have I seen such a city — though I have traveled all over the west — there is no place
that is so beautiful; there is no state where the rivers are so beautiful, where the
mountains are more beautiful, and where the beautiful dark green of the' pine trees

what I have seen. But I know I shall carry back with me an indelible impression
of it all, and if you come to visit me in two weeks from now I will give you one of
the most beautiful lectures on the state of Vermont you ever heard.

Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers 879

Three years ago I fell in love with the 13th Vermont Regiment. My oldest brother
— eight years older than I — was a captain in the 3d Regulars and lost an arm at Gettys-
burg. After that I looked upon him as father, brother, and as grand hero until I
felt that a man who had fought at Gettysburg was the greatest hero on the universe.
And when I look into your faces and know that every one among you fought at
Gettysburg I know I am among the grandest men that can possibly be found. Those
men who were at Gettysburg, who survived that bloody struggle, who have lived and
died in this beautiful valley — they need no eulogy. * * * I am glad that you
said no word. Let the grand heroes rest in peace.

Since I have fallen in love with the 13th Vermont Regiment Association I have
also fallen in love with these three men. For the last three years wherever they have
gone my pen and pencil have followed them. I have caricatured them in every possible
way — down there in Mexico, out on the Pacific slope, I have caricatured these men
until every time I look at them I feel like laughing. Thejr are the best three men I
have ever seen. It is funny how three men can influence history. You remember
the three men who -occupied and defended the Sublician bridge against the Etruscan
army under Porsena, while the Romans broke down the bridge behind them. One
was Horatius, doesn't that stand for Henry O. Clark? and the next is Hermanius,
isn't that Heman W. Allen? The next one I have forgotten his name but I am sure
it was Marsh, he was the shorter of the three. Now dear friends &nd ladies I am
so glad you graced the meeting with your presence, I thank you so much that I have
been allowed to speak to you and to these splendid men of the 13th Vermont Asso-
ciation.

Mb. President: Is there anything further to be said on the adoption of the resolu-
tions?

Me. Butler: You said, Mr. Chairman, that the "Noble Three" should select their
own testimonial. May I make a suggestion that Allen takes the one on the west
side. Colonel Clark takes the one in the middle and General Marsh takes the one on
the east side of the group as they have been prepared with that in view?

President: Has any comrade anything more to offer on the adoption of the reso-
lutions. If there is nothing further to be said I will add just a word more. I won't
take your time and I won't go into detail; I want to say to the comrades that when
you come up here to the front and examine the testimonials, in my opinion you are
looking upon the finest work of art that I have ever seen. I have never seen anything
like it, and it has been largely brought about by the comrade who has just addressed
you — Comrade Butler. A committee was appointed, correspondence was entered into
with reference to some testimonial for the three comrades, and it seemed to us that the
only way to get at it was to adopt something and solidify the sentiment of the comrades.
As President of the Association, I appointed Comrades Brown, Peck, Lyon, Clarke and
Butler. Comrades Brown, Lyon, Peck and myself have been together where we could
confer regarding the work, these comrades have come at my call to Burlington when
it was necessary. Comrades Clarke and Butler have been working through correspond-
ence, and you would be particularly interested if you could see the correspondence —
some of the most unique letters I have ever received in any line of my business — they
are very interesting. What I desired to do as President of the Association was to see
if we could agree upon anything. I don't think more than two agreed upon any single
proposition. I was after suggestions, and there were many suggestions — one of the
best came from Comrade Meigs of Baltimore. We considered them all and decided
upon this, and one of the controlling reasons why this was adopted is expressed in
the sentiment of one of the members of the Association who said, "Put it into resolu-
tions. We want something that will not be placed on a shelf in the book case, but
which like the ordinances of Rome, will be placed on the pillars of the house." My
three dear comrades we can talk to you personally this afternoon but we want your
friends to know what we think of you in future years when we shall all be mustered
on the other side, the children may know we love you, notwithstanding the record
shows that you first loved us.

President: Let me say further, upon these testimonials you will find some signa-
tures of our deceased comrades. When we were soliciting these signatures it occusred
to the committee that there were some dear comrades who had gone before us, who
had been very closely connected with our three comrades, for instance, Comrade
James B. Scully, A. J. Chadwick and others, and it occurred to the committee fitting
to procure the signatures of those comrades; the families of the deceased members
became interested with us and secured for us the original signatures and sent them
in, and you will find some of them on the roll.

This work is not lithographic; every single stroke on that parchment is pen
work. The committee will be very glad to have you examine it. As I said in the
outset, the resolutions represent the sentiment of the comrades of the Association.
Now comrades how are you going to vote?

The vote was unanimous. [Great applause.]

88o Supplement of the History of the

RESPONSES BY THE "SELF-APPOINTED COMMITTEE OP THREE."

H. 0. Clabk: I think you have stated, or some one said, you were not throwing
bouquets. We begin to feel as though you were throwing a few. This has been an
entire surprise to me; I hadn't the slightest Idea of It, and It has come as a complete
surprise. To tell you I am grateful isn't saying anything. I feel a good deal as
H. I. Johnson, who was elected an honorary member of this Association at Nantucket, said
he felt it a compliment, and after election — we were in a large room — he was called
upon to respond. He rose and said, "I feel a good deal like the girl who had her first
proposal of marriage, scared to death and tickled, too." Now I feel a good deal that
way. I want to tell you comrades that I certainly appreciate this testimonial; it shall
remain in my house as long as I live. I think we are getting all we are entitled to
and a little bit more. This all started a number of years ago, this "self-appointed
committee" business. I think Carmi was the inciter of it all. I don't know, we did It
because we were fond of the Association and of every comrade in it, that, of cours*
you know as well as we do. I think in my case it was a pleasure to do the very
slight things you have made so much of. The Virginia trip, I think, was the first we
undertook — and you must not say we did it for you — we were doing it for our own
pleasure — it was a selfish thing — there wouldn't have been any pleasure in going
without the comrades. So it was at Nantucket. There didn't one of you enjoy the
trip better than we did. You are giving us all the credit, when we did it to give
ourselves pleasure; if we gave you pleasure, we are fully paid. I certainly say I am
thankful for the testimonial; this is one of the happiest days of my life.

H. W. Allen: I can't express my appreciation more than to emphasize what
Colonel Clark has said about the pleasure being ours. We have had great pleasure
out of what little we have done. Now this Is altogether too much for you boys to do.
I shall always treasure this testimonial as one of the chiefest ornaments of my house.
I thank you, every one.

C. L#. Marsh: I am surprised. I tell you in this whole business we have had
just as much fun as you have, and we are not entitled to the testimonials — however,
we will accept them gladly. But honestly and truly I think we have enjoyed these
excursions just as much as you and I don't know but more, because it has been always
a great pleasure to be with you and take you with us on those certain occasions spoken
of.

I hope that the last time has cot come; I hope we can do more for you, because
we get as much satisfaction out of it as you do.

C. P. Nash: Mr. President they claim that they have enjoyed it as much as we
have; that being the case we are still ahead, I think, because at the present occasion
we are enjoying the presentation of the testimonials; so we are ahead of them yet.

Peesident: The comrades have just expressed the fraternal spirit I have tried
to bring out. If you could read the correspondence that has passed among us, you
would find that the comrades have taken pleasure In what has been done resulting
in the testimonials.

J. H. Lyon: I move for a short recess so we can walk around and see the
testimonials. And the motion was adopted, and a recess of ten minutes was taken.
During the recess the members and friends examined the testimonials, which are a
set of resolutions engrossed in colors with the title of the Association and the Coat of
Arms of Vermont above them in colors, and below the resolutions, 155 signatures of
members of the Association. At the left border appears the 1st and 22d Corps' badges
and the badge of the Grand Army of the Republic. On two of the testimonials appears
a battle flag, torn by shot and shell. Each one is bordered by a mat of light drab
color and are in frames of oak and gilt, 28 by 35 inches in size. At the close of the
recess the meeting was called to order by the President.

We will now listen to the report of the conmittee on publication.

R. O. SiaETEVAKT: Mr, President, Comrades, I need not, it seens to me, take
more than a minute of your time, the surrounding circumstances, the necessity of
brevity, all requires I shall be brief.

I need not say to you that the fire burned up all the books that were printed and
stacked up in the bindery rooms ready for the covers, but I say to you not an original
document was burned. I had carbon copies made of everything; there were several
photographs sent me and those I saved. The engravings were in the Messenger office
and went through the fire and came out with very little loss — half a dozen of which
have been reproduced by the engraving company. The Messenger plant since that time
have equipped their office at great expense, and they have not been able as yet to
take up the work. I have had to give way to the railroad work and some other work
which had to be done, and they assure me they will take it up soon.

Now they have run the book through the linotype, and the foreman assured me
yesterday that he would put men at my disposal so it could proceed' as rapidly as
possible.

I can only say, as a prediction, that unless some untoward accident occurs, we will
be ready to read the book within three months. I regret more than any of you boys

Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers 88 1

can, this delay; it lias been a great burden and I was very sad when the fire occurred,
and I realized at once how much extra work was before me. The book will soon be
ready and I assure you it will be an improvement over the original — we have learned
by experience. I am extremely happy to be here and meet you and to be able to make
the repoit that I have made. I am satisfied we shall have the book before long, and
that all will be pleased with its production.

President: Unless some objection is made I take it to be the sense of the meet-
ing that the report be accepted and adopted.

Now, are there any other committee's reports, or anything that would come In
under that head?

BOLL CALL.

Roll call by companies gave an attendance of 70 members of the regiment and 11
honorary members, a total attendance of 81.

Pkesidents: Is there anything further to come before the Association before the
election of officers?

H. W. Axlen: I move that we proceed to the election of the officers.

President: You hear the motion of Comrade Heman W. Allen that we proceed
with the election of the officers.

The motion being adopted, the officers for the ensuing year were elected by accla-
mation and are as follows:

President, John G. Farwell Montpeller, Vermont

Vice-President, John N. Harmon Nashua, New Hampshire

Secretary, Eli N. Peck Burlington, Vermont

Treasurer, Heman W. Allen Burlington, Vermont

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.

Henry O. Clark Bast Orange, New Jersey

Carmi L. Marsh Bnosburg Falls, Vermont

Ralph O. Sturtevant Swanton, Vermont

H. W. Allen: I move that the next place and time of meeting b<s left to the
Executive Board to decide.

President: You hear the motion of Comrade Allen that the time and place of
holding the next meeting be left to the Executive Board.

Member: I second the motion.

President: As many as desire those matters to be left with the Executive
Board will signify it by saying "aye." The ayes have it, and it is so ordered.

President: I am requested by the Association to announce that this hall is for
your use and convenience, for the 13th Vermont Regimental Association and their
friends, and all friends of their friends who desire to occupy it to-day and to-morrow.
Come in with your lunch baskets, for visits, or any kind of entertainment to-day and
to-morrow, it will be at your disposal.

Now, is there anything more to come before this Association in the way of business.

HONORARY MEMBERS.

The names of several persons were presented for election as Honarary members
of this association and after remarks by several members they were elected by acclama-
tion and are as follows:

Henry A. Willard, of Washington, D. C; Daniel W. Robinson and Theodore S. Peck,
of Burlington, Vt; Arthur D. Farwell, of Montpeller, Vt; W. H. Bolander and L.
Curtis Brackett, of New York City; Edward S. Towne, of Holyoke, Mass.; and
Simeon M. Palmer, of Underbill, Vt.

President: Is there anything further to come before this meeting.

H. W. Allen: I move that the meeting be adjourned.

Motion for adjournment carried. Adjourned at 4:30 p. m.

ELI N. PECK, Secretary.

CHAMPLAIN TERCENTENARY CELEBRATION.
"Veterans' Day" July 8, 1909.

The members of the association assembled at headquarters in Howard Relief Hall
at an early hour, and under the command of Lieutenant Colonel A. C. Brown marched
to the "Veterans rendezvous" where they remained until 11:30 a. m. schedule time of
starting the parade. The national colors, guidons and regimental ensign were carried
by members of the regiment. The association was honored in having three of its mem-
bers holding positions as aides on the staff of the chief marshal who were able to appear
in uniform. The battalion made a very credible appearance in marching to the position
assigned them in the parade, and the members have many pleasant memories of this
occasion. ELI N. PECK, Secretary.

882

Supplement of the History of the
MILTON MONUMENT

SOUTH PANEL

ERECTED 1909

By the Town of Milton in Jlemory of

"THE BOYS IN BLUB"

who marched from this town to the battlefields of the Civil War,

1861-1865
All Honor to these who gave their lives in their country's cause.

EAST, NORTH AND WEST PANELS

Equal Honor to those who offered their lives at their country's call
and survived the conflict.

Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers 883

THE TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL REUNION

was held at Franklin, Vt., September 8, 1910. The association to assist in the dedica-
tion exercises of the Marsh monument on the 9th. The village of Franklin' was
profusely decorated with flags, banners, bunting and patriotic mottoes. The business
meeting was called to order in the town hall Thursday afternoon at 2:40 o'clock by
the president, John G. Farwell, of Montpeller. Prayer was offered by the Rev. G. C.
Westcot, of Franklin. The president greeted the members of the association very
cordially. Secretary's report was read and adopted. The report of the treasurer was
omitted on account of absence. 22 deaths were reported since the last meeting.
Roll call gave an attendance of 45. Letters from absent members, also a telegram from
treasurer Allen who was late in reaching New York on his return trip from abroad.

The publication committee reported, through Colonel Henry O. Clark, of East
Orange, N. J., that sufficient number of copies of the history of the regiment were
here on hand for each comrade present.

Comrade Albert Clarke, of Boston, moved that a committee of three be appointed
by the chair to draft resolutions of sympathy to General Marsh, who is critically 111,
and a resolution in memoriam of Comrade R. 0. Sturtevant, of Swanton, and the
chair appointed Colonel Clarke, A. C. Brown and C. S. Palmer who reported as follows:

"Resolved, That since leaving our homes for this reunion, we have been saddened
to hear of the serious illness of the Comrade who was most in our minds and hearts.
General Carmi L. Marsh.

We hoped that he would be present to see how much we honor him for com-
memorating in granite and bronze the soldiers of this town.

Our sympathy and our prayers are with him and his family, and we rejoice in the
reported and hopeful message he has sent to us that he will be with us next year.

Whereas, since our last reunion our highly esteemed Comrade R. O. Sturtevant the
regimental historian has passed away, and almost immediately after finishing the
great labor of love which had occupied him for several years.

Resolved, That we avail of the first opportunity to put on record our appreciation
of his good soldiership and his good comradeship and his devotion in our behalf.
The volume which we have seen to-day for the first time will be a monument to his
loyalty and industry, and we regret that he could not have lived to see it in our
hands and to receive our thanks.

Resolved, That we deeply sympathize with Mrs. Sturtevant in her great affliction
and that we will cherish the memory of one of our dear and honorable comrades so
long as we shall live." Report adopted.

After some informal discussion by several comrades the motion of C. S. Palmer
to tender a vote of thanks to the "self-appointed committee of three," viz., H. W. Allen,
H. O. Clark and C. L. Marsh, was adopted.

The officers for the ensuing year were elected by acclamation, and are as follows:

President, M. W. Thompson, of Colchester; vice-president, Henry Butler, of Buena
Vista, Colo.; secretary, 'Eli N. Peck, of Burlington; treasurer, H. W. Allen, of Burling-
ton; executive committee, H. O. Clark, of East Orange, N. J., C. S. Palmer, of Burling-
ton, G. G. Blake, of Swanton.

A communication from Comrade H. B. Meigs, of Baltimore, was read, request-
ing that the next annual meeting be held in Highgate Center, and after some informal
discussion the matter was referred to the executive committee with power to act.

An informal discussion regarding the regimental history now in print was parti-
cipated in by several comrades, and the matter was left in the hands of the publica-
tion committee and the secretary.

The Masonic lodge tendered its rooms for the use of the veterans.

Upon motion of H. O. Clark the meeting adjourned at 4:25 p. m.

Camp-fire.

Exercises were opened with vocal music. The meeting was called to order by
the Honorable C. S. Palmer, of Burlington, Vt., at 8 o'clock p. m. Prayer was offered
by the Rev. E. J. Ranslow, of Swanton, Vt. An address of welcome was delivered
by the Rev. F. W. Day, of Franklin. In his response to the address of welcome, chair-
man Palmer eloquently acknowledged the royal welcome of the citizens of Franklin.
Address by the Honorable Albert Clarke, of Boston, who after paying his tribute to the
patriotic generosity of General Marsh, suggested that the name of Silver Lake be
changed to Lake Carmi. Poem, "The Boys of the Old Thirteenth," read by Mrs.
Dora S. Eddy, of Stowe, Vt. Remarks by Colonel A. C. Brown, W. W. Holden and
Colonel Henry O. Clark who also read a message frm General Marsh as follows: "To
my comrades of the Thirteenth Vermont Regiment: It is with sorrow and regret, to
which I am unable to give full expression, that I am unable to meet with you to-day,
as on past occasions, and join in the camp-fire exercises with all of its pleasures.

LIEUT. CARMI L. MARSH AND GRAND-DAUGHTER RUTH DRAPER.

Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers 88s

I send hearty fraternal greetings to you all and hope that this gathering may be one
of the most delightful in the history of the Old Thireenh." L. L. Marsh, son of C. L.
Marsh was eleced an honorary member of the association. Remarks by J. C. Wyman
and J. C. L. Hamilton, of N. Y., and the Rev. E. J. Ranslow, of Swanton, Vt.

The exercises closed at 10:00 o'clock p. m. by singing of America by the quartette
and audience.

DEDICATION OF MONUMENT.

The dedication of the beautiful soldiers' monument presented to his native town
by Carmi L. Marsh of Enosburg Falls took place last Friday morning in the village
of Franklin in connection with the reunion of the Thirteenth Vermont Regiment
Association. Honorable Charles W. Gates of that town acting as chairman. Mr. Marsh
was unable to be present owing to his serious illness.

The weather, in the early part of the morning, was very unfavorable, it raining
more or less up to the time for the exercise to begin, consequently keeping a good
many people away, but soon after the blue sky commenced to appear and the day
turned out to be an excellent one. It was estimated that some 1,500 people were
present.

Franklin was at its best. The stores and business places were all handsomely
decorated with bunting and flags and the streets were as clean as if the New York
city street cleaning department had a hand in it. Suspended across the street on
entering the village was the word "Welcome" in large red letters. Everyone was made
at home and Franklin was truly extending the "glad hand."

It was expected that Governor George H. Prouty would be present at the exercises,
but owing to some unavoidable reason, he was not present.

The Program.

Following is the complete program, Honorable C. W. Gates acting as chairman:
Music, West Berkshire band. Prayer, Rev. George C. Westcot. Singing, Double Male
Quartette. Unveiling Monument, Miss Ruth Draper and Annie Merrill, grand-daughters
of veterans. Presentation of Soldiers' Monument to the town of Franklin, Colonel
Henry O. Clark (owing to Mr. Marsh's absence). Acceptance of Monument for safe-
keeping by the town, George H. Towle, 1st Selectman. Singing, Quartette. Address,
Judge C. S. Palmer, of Burlington. Original Song, "Franklin town," Foster Clement
Whitney. Poem, "The Thirteenth Vermont," Miss Grace O. Giddings. Remarks by
Rev. F. Wilson Day of Franklin, the Rev. E. J. Ranslow, of Swanton, General T. S.
Peck, Captain G. W. Burleson, ex-Governor U. A. Woodbury and Colonel Heman W.
Allen of Burlington and James H. Walling the designer of the monument. Music,
'"America" (all sing), band.

The exercises commenced promptly at 10:00 o'clock. Headed by the West Berk-
shire band, the Junior Order of American Mechanics and the local lodge of Woodmen
of America escorted some forty members of the "Old Thirteenth Vermont Regiment",
the local Grand Army Post and invited veterans in line from the hotel to the park,
where the monument was located and where the dedication exercises were held. The
veterans all had places on the large stand that had been erected for the occasion, and
which was occupied by chairman Gates, the speakers, invited guests, the double male
quartette and others.

The unveiling of the monument was a most pleasing spectacle and the large knot
that was tied with the national colors was unfastened by Misses Ruth Draper and
Annie Merrill of Enosburg Falls, which released the two large American ilags that
veiled the monument and sent them flying to the breeze. Miss Ruth Draper is a
grand-daughter of Mr. Marsh, and Miss Annie Merrill a grand-daughter of Orloff H.
Whitney, who died at the front.

Colonel H. O. Clark, of East Orange, N. J., a long time friend of General Marsh
and one of the famous "Committee of Three" of the Thirteenth Regiment, acted as
proxy for Mr. Marsh in presenting the monument to the town. Colonel Clark's pre-
sentation remarks were most appropriate and felicitous, and conveyed in fitting words
the wishes and generous purpose of the doner In making the gift to his native town of
the soldiers' monument which had just been unveiled.

Acceptance of Monument.

In accepting the monument for the town of Franklin, George H. Towle, first
selectman, said: "Mr. President, ladies and gentlemen, and veterans of the 13th Ver-
mont: It affords me great pleasure as chairman of the selectmen of Franklin, in

886

Supplement of the History of the

behalf of the people of this town, to be called upon to say a few words in recognition
and acceptance of the magnificient gift presented us by General Marsh; a soldiers'
monument worthy of the name, and this beautiful park in which it stands. I know
that I but speak the minds of my fellow citizens, young and old, when I say that we
gratifully accept not only the monument and park, but also the implied trust to care-
fully preserve and care for both.

It has been customary since the earliest times among all nations to mark the
spot and celebrate the time of the happenings of great and important events, involving
the welfare of the people. Even the savage threw up a pile of rough stones, while
nations more advanced in civilization preserve the date and memory, both in story
and song and enduring monuments of stone and bronze.

Witness the costly triumphial arches erected by the Roman emperors on the
successful termination of their campaigns of conquest; the magnificient arches and

FRANKLIX MONUMENT.

columns built by Napoleon; Bunker Hill and Bennington Battle monuments erected
by a justly proud and grateful people to suitably mark the spot and call the attention
of the world to the brave -and patriotic men who then and there so well acquitted
themselves in their desperate struggle tor liberty.

Now in like manner it has remained for a distinguished son, not only of Franklin
but of the state and nation as well. General C. L. Marsh, to feel it a duty he owed not
only to his comrades, but to others, especially those generations of voung men' and
women who will take up our burdens when we shall lay them down that looking
upon the monument and reading the names inscribed thereon of those brave men who
went forth to fight the battles of their country it might be an inspiration and lesson
to them as to the path of duty in times of danger to the republic.

Allow me again to thank the donor for this great gift, accepting the trust goine
with it, assuring the giver that it shall always be our greatest pleasure to preserve
and care for the same for all time."

Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers 887

THE MONUMENT.

The soldiers' monument presented by Mr. Marsh to the town of Franklin Is 18
feet high and of solid gray granite with a seven foot bronze soldier at "parade rest"
surmounted at the top. On the front side of the monument on a bronze tablet appears
the Inscription, "Erected to the memory of the boys who went from this town to the
battlefields of the Civil War, 1861 to 1865."

On a bronze plate at the base of the monument appears "Erected in 1910 and
presented to the town of Franklin by Carml L. Marsh." Inscribed on the four sides
on bronze tablets appear the names of 130 soldiers who enlisted from Franklin under
the heading "All honor to those who gave their lives upon the field of battle, equal
honor to those who dared to die but lived." One hundred and four of these soldiers
returned and twenty-six died on the battlefield or in hospitals.

Veterans at Franklin Listen to Speeches and Songs of the War.

Franklin, Vt., Sept. 10. — At the dedication of the Marsh soldier's monument here
yesterday the following address was delivered by Judge C. S. Palmer, of Burlington.
"In my opinion the richest heritage to-day possessed by us, is that of American
citizenship. If any preference exists in this privilege, It belongs to Vermonters. From
the day when Ethan Allen and his compatriots, harrassed by wild men on the north, and
by land pirates on the east and west of them, made public declaration that they
recognized no law, but the law of God till such time as they could make a better one;
from that day to the present the recognition of divine authority; the reasonableness
of a holy life; the sacredness of the home and family fireside; the spirit of liberty
and equality; the sovereignty of the individual; and in all matters of every-day
living, their adherence to the principles of a square deal; have been the unquestioned
characteristics of her people. With such an ancestry, it is but natural for Vermonters,
in matters national, to yield obedience and allegiance, to the same powers recognized
by Allen at Ticonderoga; the great Jehovah and the Continental Congress. With such
ancestry, and such principles composing the warp and woof of her citizenship, it is
no cause at all for surprise, that in the hour of her distress and danger, our country's
call should be heard and answered by such a list of patriots as are represented by
names on yonder tablets; and all from the unpretentious, but noble, little town of
Franklin.

"No question of such gigantic and far reaching consequences, was ever before
presented to her people. Nothing ever so touched every corner of the dear Vermont
home. The father and the son were alike considered fit for the sacrifice. They to
do and die. The mothers, wives, and daughters, meanwhile to weep and pray; thus
stirring to the very center, the sacred cltidel, the American home. Ah, my friends,
those were days when strong men bent under the dark clouds of war, which were
hanging low in the land. Days when the cottages on yonder hillsides were filled with
widows and orphans. Terrible days.

"Never were more momentous questions presented for human consideration. Never
more unselfish and patriotic verdicts rendered. Love of country; love of liberty; love
of the old flag, outweighed all other considerations. Men came and went; boys came
and followed the footsteps of their fathers which led direct to the field of conflict.
Indeed the very admosphere of these beautiful hills and valleys, was so charged with
the spirit of loyalty, that the words of encouragement and Godspeed, of the dear women,
kept resounding in our ears, till the excited brain found resting place on treason's
soil. These men and men like these, for four long years blazed their way through the
forests of treason; and when that memorable scene at Appomatox was closed, the
past at least of our country was secure. And when that grandest military pageant
which the sun of Heaven ever shone upon swept down Pennsylvania Avenue in grand
review it spoke in words world wide, that this was a union of American states, un-
broken, and thank God unbreakable.

"In the solution of these momentous questions, settled by the arbitrament of
cruel war, the sons of the little town of Franklin contributed their full share of the
life blood; and the daughters their full quota of prayers, and the full measure of their
tears.

"Upon occasions of this character I am always reminded of a passage in the Holy
Record, which ever attracted my attention. You will recall that the Psalmist In one
of his seasons of deepest anguish besought his Lord to "bottle up his tears" and I have
often wondered if when we enter the New Jerusalem, (as I trust we all may) If we
shall not find it some choice niche of the Celestial City, the "bottled tears," preserved
from the broken hearts of the dear women of those days of war.

"Its a famaliar experience for us to walk in the cities of the dead, and witness
the marble spires pointing Heavenward, and placed by loving hands to mark the final
resting place of loved ones, and read some little couplet inscription,, speaking of sweet
memories, or distinguished virtues. It is not a familiar experience, for the living to
witness the enduring monument, erected to record the valor of those who may still
live and read that record. And I can't conceive of a greater honor to be achieved by

888 Supplement of the History of the

man, than to have engraved on yonder tablet the simple name which standing alone,
proclaims to all people a record of patriotism. A world of suffering; and all that
follows in the train of cruel war; and finally, a victory achieved for humanity and a
country saved as a great heritage to the dear little ones who are following in your
foot prints and mine. I have no doubt there are some within the hearing of my voice,
who will stand before these tablets and recall that this man died in hospital; and that
one in prison. This man was shot on the picket post; and that one slain in battle. And
some comrade who has not yet answered to the roll call in the great beyond, will find
his name inscribed there; and this prompts me to say, that to him who sacrlfied the
same, to him who suffered the same; to him who marched and fought the same, the
honor of dying for one's country belongs as much to him who lived, as to him who
died.

"But lest I am said to dwell extravagantly in self-exaltation of the class to which
I belong and for whom I am speaking, let me change the current of our thoughts for a
moment; for I am aware that I am addressing many to whom that terrible struggle,
by reason of age is but a memory, and indistinct at that; to others of you of still
younger years, it is a matter of history only; to all such may I say, these men among
you to-day, and wearing the little bronze button; these men who still live but whose
names are on yonder tablet, are men whose lamp of life is burning low, men who,
looking for the meridian of their usefulness must turn around and point up there;
men who for years have been passing down the declivity of life, and some of whom are
distressingly near the shadow bank which separates them from their comrades gone
before; men whose advancing years cause them to shrink from the aggressive activities
of life, and, struggling, seek the quiter paths on lines offering the least resistance.
To each of these men I may well apply the words of Shakespear's Master Mind. "I
have touched the highest point of my greatness, and from that full meridian of my
glory, I haste now to my setting."

"My young man friend these men of whom I have spoken, through the vicissitudes,
and agonies of terrible war have saved to you unbroken the grand union of states, the
best government the sun of Heaven shines upon. What are you going to do with it?
From the stand point of my country my greatest solicitude to-day is for the young
men and young women of the land; for let us remember that Rome and Athens fell
because of the degeneration of woman's loyality. If this republic Is to fulfill the
destiny which I believe is intended for It, the future has in store for you battles to be
fought, perhaps quite as fierce but attended with less personal danger than those of
sixty-one and five. The consequences for weal or woe to our fair land were never
more apparent on the eve of any battle In those years than are present and confronting
you and me right now.

"My friends the pickets are engaged; the battle is on; and the, destiny of our
country may depend upon the outcome of the struggle which will ever be known as
the battle of the right against the wrong in the civil life of America. My young man
you are enlisted for this war whether you will or not. You need not change your
clothes to don the uniform; you need not be followed to the front gate by the dear
companion for a last loving kiss and a look into your sad eyes as you go far away to
the war, and she to return and face a cold and selfish world single handed and alone.
You won't have to step over the line so convenient to you to escape the draft; but
not one whit less now than In 1861 will your action determine whether or not you
are a coward. Civic righteousness is the issue, and by the term righteousness I
mean right living. The equal rights of men; equal opportunities for all; honest ad-
ministration of affairs In public life as well as In private; the sanctity of the home
and family fireside; the exaltation of a clean and pure manhood and womanhood. All
these are at stake In the community's battles of the right against the wrong.

"In one thing I glory, that I have been spared and permitted to see the real
militant opening of the conflict; permitted to see the sparks fly as from a head on
collision, and that too from a point in the line, where the first shock should come;
in the zone "higher up" than we of the common folk. Let it be understood that human
integrity, man's honor are not traflicable commodities. Let it be known that he who
filches from the public purse, or commercializes public position. Is no less guilty than
he who picks your pocket, and must stand condemned, not only before the law, but
in the eye of a clean, pure, intelligent manhood and womanhood. Let it be known
that any man, whether he be a member of the highest legislative body in the land, or
the most obscure member of a city council, any man, any where, who barters his
honor, for money, or for any other thing is for all time on the black list of all honor-
able men. Then will be erected a monument to honorable manhood more enduring
than yonder shaft. Then shall it be known that mere money is losing its luster and
manhood is gaining power.

"But let us stop right here my friends, and turn back the pages of history forty-
four or five years and look in upon the old town of Franklin for a moment Many
of you recall the scenes; they were common to all our towns then. You remember
Vincent Horskins, Harvey Olmstead, Edwin Prouty, Wm. C. Roble, Lathrop Marsh
and B. H. Cleveland as selectmen of the town calling to the people; holding war
meetings; raising the flags; the impassioned appeal of the orators; the stirring strains

Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

889

of fife and drum which sent the blood charging through the veins upon a gallop;
offers to be one of five or ten to walk up to the front and put down your name; hurried
and painful scenes between husband and wife, mother and son; and when the shades
of evening fell, gathered around the kitchen fire, the recital of those who had enlisted,
and how many it lacked of filling the town's quota. War! Calling for men from the
most remote fastnesses of Vermont's mountain clime; and they came; How many?
Read yonder record. Men from PYanklin, probably marched into the valley of death
that time, thus showing that the boys of Franklin marched into the valley of death
in those stirring days. The boys came in from the hill side farms, from the workshop
and the counter. It may not be known to all of you that the official record shows
that of first enlistments the average age of the volunteer soldier, the War of the
Rebellion was under twenty-two years. The boys saved this country once in a conflict
of arms. God grant they may save it again in a conflict of ideas.

"I say the 'boys came' and in the fall of 1862 came a small, pale faced, tow headed,
bashful youth, who, as I recall him, with shoulder straps and sword on dress parade,
would pass more quickly for a college freshman, than a warrior, but who was ever
ready to answer to any call for service. Yet he like so many of the other dear boys
was early picked for the field hospital, and there for weeks lay trembling as the spark
of life seemed to more faintly flutter in the helpless form; but thanks to a kind
Providence, a father's tenderness and a mother's loving care the spark of life was
saved. And now as years' shadows begin to gather, and the natural Instincts of the
human heart begin to manifest themselves, this stripling of 1862 came back to the
scenes of his childhood, never forgetting the town of his nativity, and with his charac-
teristic generosity pays his tribute to his native town, and this monument of honor
to those who went forth from it to defend their country's flag. In my opinion its
grandness and beauty as a work of art are unsurpassed in this state, and is a magni-
ficent token of respect and love for his old town of Franklin, from a worthy and loved
soldier boy who went forth from her borders to engage in that terrible struggle, Carmi L.
Marsh. We are all honored to-day as we join in these exercises commemorating the
patriotic work of the selectmen and other town officials of Franklin, as well as in
honor of the loyality and patriotism of her sons who responded to the call.

"And we are pleased this morning to be present at the dedication of this soldiers
monument. May He who guides and directs the destiny of nations, and who required
that great sacrifice, attend by His blessing this effort to honor patriotism and develop
a love for our country; and may He cause this silent representative of the loyal soldier
to be an inspiration to a higher life, a cleaner manhood and womanhood; the develop-
ment of purer and holier purposes in life by all your people. May it stand for and
he to all men, now and hereafter an Inspiration to patriotism; may the atmosphere
surrounding it be so charged with the spirit of loyalty, that when we read the names
there inscribed our heart will swell and throb with love of country; and as the years
go by, may it escape the ruthless hand of vandalism and stand unmarred as the silent
sentinel testifying to the patriotism of Franklin's sons, and a. benedicion upon the
loyalty and the purity of all her people. May it inspire your children, and your
children's children, as they shall rest under its shadow, to do right, and at all times
to don the uniform which shall distinguish them as soldiers enlisted for the war on
the right side, in that great contest, now going on — the battle of the right against

the wrong." , ,. ™ ,,

Song Franklin Town.

Following are the words of the song composed by Mr. Marsh and sung to the
tune of "Baby Mine" by Foster Clement Whitney of Franklin, at the dedication:

On the border of thy country,

Franklin town, Franklin town,

And thy hills and *Silver Lake,

Franklin town, Franklin town.

Comes a rUstle on the breeze,

Sweeping through the leafy trees;

And its mellow tones are these,

Franklin town, Franklin town.

And its mellow tones are these,

Franklin town.

When you heard your country calling,

Franklin town, Franklin town.

Where the shot and shell were falling,

Franklin town, Franklin town.

When the Southern hosts withdrew.

Pitting grey against the blue.

There were none more brave than you,

Franklin *own.

Now our ranks are thining fast,
Franklin town, Franklin town,
And our glory nearly past,
Franklin town, Franklin town,
But the boys they never wailed.
Some have lived to tell the tale,
How the brave boys never failed,
Franklin town.

Not without thy simple story,
Franklin town, Franklin town.
Can be writ the township's glory,
Franklin town, Franklin town,
On the record of the years.
Many a noble name appears.
And the veterans, and our tears,
Franklin town.

Encore:

* changed to Lake Carmi by Act of the Vermont Legislature In November, 1910.

890

Supplement of the History of the

Now you saw the Fenian war,
Franklin town, Franklin town,
And blood shed on your soil,
Franklin town, Franklin town,
There was many an Irish son.

But when the battle it begun.
Then the people they did run,
Franklin town, Franklin town.
Then the people they did run,
Franklin town.

The following poem entitled "The Thirteenth Vermont" was composed and recited
by Miss Grace O. Giddings of Enosburg Falls:

The Thirteenth we will honor.

The regiment so true

That on the field of battle

So proudly wore the blue;

Their names we'll e'er remember.

Their glory will increase,

For to our land these comrades

Brought happiness and peace.

At Gettysburg fighting bravely
Withstanding shot and shell
They did not fear war's terrors
While comrades 'round them fell,
But took the captured cannon.
Put Pickett's hosts to shame,
Helped win the day while writing
Their names on the scroll of fame.

The hardships they endured
Their sons can never know
Unless they march to battle
To meet a deadly foe.
But hist'ry's page will echo
And marble shafts proclaim
The Thirteenth's noble record
With each brave comrade's name.

We're proud of all the soldiers
Of our Green Mountain State,
And of the Thirteenth only
Courageous acts relate:
How it helped win the battle.
Preserve our glorious land.
Bring to a close the warfare.
And make a nation grand.

We honor all the heroes
That form this regiment,
And ask that to our praises
A list'ning ear be lent.
Though words can never picture
The hardships they endured,
Nor the noble way they struggled
That victory be assured.

Our minds turn to those hours
When they camped on grassy fields
With only turf for pillows
And only tents for shields;
While stacked were trusty muskets
With well-filled knapsacks nigh,
By angels kept they slumbered
Beneath the starry sky.

The Lord of hosts was with them
When on the battlefield.
And with Him as their leader
They never had to yield.

But waged a righteous warfare
For God, the truth and right.
And with these words their motto
Did triumph in the fight.

Then they had youth, and sinews
That were like iron bands.
They marched erect and gaily
Kept step to music grand
While thinking of their country
And the good they could do
By giving health and riches
To wear the coat of blue.

'Tis many years since mothers
Kissed sons a fond good-by.
Then sent them forth to battle
While tears bedimmed the eye.
And sorrowfully waited
For news of defeat or joys
While looking above to Heaven
To guard their darling boys.

Some sleep on fields of battle

Beneath a Southern sky.

While others in the church-yard

Of their native town now lie;

And only a few comrades

Can greet us here to-day.

For many have reached the City

Where peace shall reign alway.

The comrades now remaining
Whose step is getting slow
Still have the love of country
That they had years ago.
And they are young in spirit
As when in sixty-two
They marched away to battle
In uniform of blue.

Although they're getting feeble
And their locks have turned gray.
They're priceless to our country.
And cheerfully we say:
May their earthly day^ be many
In the land they fought to save.
May joy and peace and plenty
Attend the good and brave.

The soldiers of the sixties

Are veterans to-day.

They're citizens of our country

And heroes of the fray;

To them we pay our homage.

Our noblest tribute bring;

In prose and verse forever

May their deeds of valor ring.

Remarks by Rev. F. Wilson Day, of Franklin, the Rev E J Ranslow nf (Swan+r.^
General T. S. Peck, Captain G. W. Burleson, ex-Governor U. A Cdbu7; and Co?^pi
Heman W. Allen, of Burlington and James H. Walling, the desigS^er of [he monument

Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers 891

In the remarks made by Mr. Day, he referred briefly to the improvements made In
the village of Franklin in the past five years, including the laying of over a mile
of concrete walks, built by the Ladies' Village Improvement Society and private
parties, the erection of the Hasten Library, a memorial gift, the completion of a
modern school building by the town and finally the generous gift of the splendid
soldiers' monument and the park on which it stands. Mr. Day's remarks were interest-
ing and were well received.

THIRTEENTH VERMONT REGIMENT ASSOCIATION IN REVIEW.

Of the nine members who signed the call for the first meeting of the association
June 15, 1888 only two, Heman W. Allen and John H. Lyon are now living. At the
first meeting held, in Underbill, sixty-three members were present, of which number
42 have passed away. Soon after the second meeting in 1889 it became evident
that many of the boys who wore the blue in defense of the country, had in the
twenty-five intervening years become captains in the industrial army of the Green
Mountain State, and fully realized that the social features of our annual gatherings
■required a business feature for the benefit of the future generations by combining
work with pleasure, and August 14, 1889 under the lead of Albert Clarke, of Boston,
the work commenced, August 20th the treasurer made his first call for subscrip-
tions for the purpose of erecting three granite posts to mark the three positions of
the Regiment on July 3, 1863, at Gettysburg, Pa., and something has been doing every
year since. Even at this early date the young men of this band of survivors were very
active in all of the work of the association whether it was erecting monuments in
Vermont or on Gettysburg battlefield. In this patriotic work as well as in the social
exercises of the annual gatherings there appeared a trio of comrades who were
always doing something for the benefit and pleasure of the members of the associa-
tion; such as "excursions, souvenirs and other generous gifts," all bills paid has been
the call, and their generosity has been greatly appreciated. In 1901 this trio of
comrades a private, a sergeant and a lieutenant closely afiillated by the ties of
fraternal comradeship and under the title of "Self Appointed Committee of Three"
gave souvenirs to the members at the annual meeting, and also invited them, and
their friends, together with the Department of Vermont G. A. R. to become their
guests for an evening sail on beautiful Lake Champlain. In 1902 the members and
their friends who were attending the National Encampment G. A. R. in Washington,
D. C, were invited by the committee to spend a day in Virginia as their guests visit-
ing the Old Camps and other places of historic interest. (See page 785.) Again 1904
a large party of the members and friends who were in Boston at the National En-
campment became guests of the committee of three at the summer residence of Colonel
Henry O. Clark, on Nantucket Island. (See pages 867-868.) Then bronze tablets were
placed on the monument at the grave of Lieutenant Colonel Munson, also his portrait
was given to the Norwich University in 1906. (See pages 821-829.) During the year
of 1908 the boys were given a very nice pocket knife all wrapt up in poetry; also the
third excursion to Gettysburg with the presidential reception at the Nations Capitol.
(See pages 871-875), all made possible by the three comrades. And the "Self Ap-
pointed Committee of Three", Heman W. Allen of Burlington, Vt.; Henry O. Clark, of
East Orange, N. J. and Carmi L. Marsh, of Enosburg Palls, Vt., are still in business
doing good for their fellow comrades and friends. During the summer of 1910,
General C. L. Marsh invited the association to come to "Franklin Town", and help
dedicate a soldiers monument given by him to his native town on September 9, 1910.
At this time at the business meeting of the association and without any display of
oratory. Colonel Henry O. Clark announced that the regimental history was In print
and' that the committee proposed to give a copy to every member present. This
proposition came entirely unexpected and caused much surprise to the members of
the association as it was known that the cost of engravings alone exceeded $1,000, and
that the entire expense of publishing the history was very large, and the question at
once arose in the minds of the members, was there any limtiation to the generosity
of the three comrades. This committee has never sought publicity in any manner in
their acts of munificent generosity for the benefit of their comrades and friends.
Every member of the association appreciates their generosity and sincerely desires
that their days may be happy ones in peace and contentment, for certainly they will
receive their just reward when assembled in our Father's mansion above awaiting the
judgment day.

ELI N. PECK, Secretary.

Burlington, Vt., November, 1910.

892 Supplement of the History of the

PINAL STATEMENT.

Original members, officers 36, enlisted men 921, total 957

Recruits 9, transfered from other regiments 2, total 11

Aggregate 968

LOSS

Killed, enlisted men 12

Died of wounds, officers 2, enlisted men 6 8

Died of disease, officers 4, enlisted men 49 53

Total loss by death 73

Honorably discharged, officers 10

Honorably discharged, enlisted men 73

Deserted 7

Losses other than by death 90

Total loss 163

Mustered out, officers 36, enlisted men 769 805 968

Wounded 84, prisoners 5, to be accounted for after leaving the service 888, of which
number 225 are known to have entered the service again.

Secretarys' records gives dates of death of 567

Post office address of 265 832

Not accounted for January 10, 1911 56

ERRATTA.

Page 117. 18th line from bottom of page, for June 12, read June 3.

■■ 179. 16th line from top of page, for 953, read 957.

" 286. For Julius J. Morse, read Julius G. Morse.

" 354. For Mason P. Carpenter, read Mason B. Carpenter.

" 419. For Smith-Currie & Burns, read Currie-Meigs & EI. F. Smith.

" 417. For Charles A. Manning, read Ashael A. Manning.

•' 532. For Seth A. II. Grifftn, read Elliot O. Crawford.

•' 555. Eleventh sketch, after Co. D., read 5th Vermont.

" 565. 20th line from bottom of page, for 61, read 51.

'* 568. 20th line from bottom of page, for Corps, read Corporal.

•' 572. For Amon Brown, read Amos Brown.

" 573. 8th line from top of page after Vt., read moved to Williston In 1881.

" 574. 3rd sketch from bottom of page for Westford, read Waterford.

•• 581. 25th line from top of page, for 1890, read 1889.

" 733. 7th line from top of page after A. D. White, read J. G. Morse.

" 824. 13th line from top of page for fought with him, read knew him.

" 842. After Feargus Cannon, I'ead transfered to Co. H., and died Nov. 8, 1886.

" 842. After Martin L. Clark, read transfered to Co. K.

" 846. For Barnett, read Barrett.

" 858. For Whiting, read Whitney.

ADDENDA.
List of deaths not previously reported.

Page 84.3. Anthony Donnelly, died Jan. 2, 1911. Page 849. George Myers, died Sept. 9, 1910.

" 843. Peter Garrity, died, 1910. " 850. Nathan Dodge, died Aug. 19, 1910.

" 846. L. I.. Coburn, died Oct. 23, 1910. " 851. J. H. Mudgett, died Dec. 13, 1893.

" 84B. E. T. Marsh, died June 2. 1908. " 8.")5. M. B. Smith, died. 1910.

" 846. Samuel Crozler. died, unknown. " 856. W. V. Peck, died Nov. 10, 1910.

" 846. 11. A. Demmon, died IVb.. 1874. " 856. C. S. Adams, died Sept. 12, 1902.

" 847. J. E. Rol)in.son, died July 28, 1863. " 857. John Trowville, died Aug. 6, IHIO.

" 847. H. B. Ormabee, died. IHIII. " 857. Gregory Flood, died Sept. 22, 1882.

" 847. H. A. Miles, died A|ir. 16. ISSl. " 8.->7. Theo. M. Slayton, died Dec. 18, 1910.

" 847. E. L. Wright, died June 7, 1901. ■' 8.19. Wm. 11. Riddall. died Aug. 7, 1S96.

" 848. Joseph Croto, died Nov. 5. 1907. " 860. Carml L. Marsh, died Dec. 29, 1910.

GENERAL INDEX.

Preface

Abraham Lincoln

Governors of Vermont. . .

General Stannard

Formation of Regiment. .

Camp Lincoln

Trip to Wasliington ....

Camp Casey

Camp Seward

Camp Vermont

Camp Fairfax

Camp Wolf run Siioals. . . .

Camp Carusi

March to Gettysburg

Battlefield of Gettysburg.

In persuit of Lee

Returning home

Camp Lincoln

Original Roster

. Pages

4-9.

10-11.

12-17.

18-19.

20-47.

49-63.

65-75.

77-81.

81-83.

85-99.
101-111.
111-143.
143-177.
177-219.
219-331.
331-337.
337-359.
359-411.
840-861.

Biographical and Historical.

Company A Pages 422-442.

Company B

Company C

Company D

Company E

Company F

Company 6

Company H

Company I

Company K

Thirteenth Vermont Association.

444-476.

478-514.

516:544.

546-561.

562-584.

586-647.
. " 648-667.
. ■' 668-684.

68fi-7o2.
.Pages 753-757.

Thirteenth Vermont Regiment Association

continued, pages 868-70, 871-72, S. 875-81,
883.

Dedication of Monuments.

U Northfleld, Vt

.... Pages

773-783

" Gettysburg, Pa. . .

. . . . "

770-771,

803-812

" Colchester, Vt. . . .

....

821-829

" Milton, Vt

"

831-836

" Georgia, Vt

. . . . "

758-768

" Franklin, Vt. ...

((

S.

885-891

" Highgate, Vt. . .

((

S.

894-895.

Illustrations of

Buildings Pages 56, 58, 66, 72, 78, 346

Camps . . . .
Fields ....
Monuments

Groups at Meetings.

54, 60, 64, 74.
62, 70, 76, 80, 158.
760, 770, 784.
S. 882, 886, 894.
752%, 801, 819.

Portraits.

Field Officers . . Pages 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 52.

Staff Officers . . " 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 45, 32.
N. C. Staff

Officers ... " 48, 50.

Members.

Company A Pages 82-92.

Company B " 96-156.

Company C ■' 160-220.

Company D •' 220-238.

Company E ■■ 242-282.

Company F 266-286.

Company G ■• 290-312.

Company H • 316-344.

Company I ■' 348-398.

Company K ■• 400-420.

"Self Appointed Committee" on Round

Top, Gettysburg, Pa Page S. 864.

Mrs. Mary E. Wilcoxon " S. 866.

General C. L. Marsh and Grand-
daughter " S. 88.4.

Tenting again on the Old Camp

Ground Pages

Personal sketch by Frank Kenfleld. "

Personal sketch by Wm. D. Mun-

son "

Personal sketch by C. M. Booth...

Memorial tribute to Gen. E. H.

Stoughton "

Memorial tribute to R. O. Sturte-

vant "

A Virginia woman that was not

an enemy " S.

Special Meetings " S.

Gettysburg Excursion " S.

Personal sketch of Assistant Sur-
geon Craudall " S.

Memorial tribute to Chaplain Joseph

Sargent " S.

Memorial tribute to Surgeon George

Nichols " S.

In Review " S.

Final Statement " S.

Honorary Members " S.

Tribute to C. L. Marsh " S.

785-793.
795-800.

817-818.
813-814.

815-816.

862.

865-867.
867-871.
873-875.

868.

870.

870-871.

891.

892.

895.

895-896.

894

Supplement of the History of the

HANDSOME MEMORIAL TO UNION SOLDIERS.

To be dedicated at the next Annual Meetings of this Association at
Highgate, Vermont.

The monument will be in honor of all the honorably discharged soldiers of the
town of Highgate, Vt., of all the wars of our country, and on it their names will be in-
scribed. It is to be of white bronze from the base to the top and will measure 16
feet in height by 4 feet 4 inches square at the base.

The upper die will contain portraits in bas-relief of Lincoln, on the north; Grant,
on the east; Sherman, on the south, and Sheridan, on the west.

HIGHGATE MONUMENT.

The middle die will contain on the north the Grand Army of the Republic badge
and on the east, south and west designs of crossed muskets, crossed swords and
crossed cannon, respectively.

Upon the four tablets will be inscribed about 206 names of soldiers of the war
of 1861-5 and the Spanish-American War, 1898.

Upon the small base below the tablets will appear the names of those participating
in the battles of Gettysburg, the Wilderness, Petersburg, Appomatox and 50 others

The plinth will contain memorials to Sergeant Benjamin Stone Meigs and several
noted men who fought in the war of 1812-14.

On the base will be placed memorial inscriptions and the presentation tablet
facing the north.

T'hirtetnth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

895

Erected under the Auspices of the

THIRTEENTH VERMONT REGIMENT ASSOCIATION

and presented to the town of Highgate, July 12th, 1911

by Henry Benjamin Meigs, Company K., 13th Vt. Vol. Inft.

To the Honor of the Patriotic Soldiers of Highgate.

Henry Benjamin Meigs, son of Luther Meigs, was born in Highgate, Vt., November
23, 1844, lineal decendant, eighth generation of Vincent Meigs who came from England
and settled in Massachusetts about 1635. Many of his ancestors were soldiers, and
he entered the military service at the age of 17 years. Soon after leaving the service
he engaged in the insurance business with great success. A member of many patriotic
associations, charitable and religious societies, a noted author, prominent in the
business and social cirqles of his adopted home city, Baltimore, Maryland.

HONORARY MEMBERS.

James H. Walling New York City.

Henry C. Smith Burlington, Vt.

Phil S. Randall Ellendale, N. D.

A. H. Hershey Sterling, 111.

Eugene J. Ranslow Swanton, Vt.

*Preeborn E. Bell Swanton, Vt.

H. S. Phelps Swanton, Vt.

Bennett Turk Burlington, Vt.

Olin Merrill Enosburg Palls, Vt.

John W. Towne East Orange, N. Y.

* Jonas F. Brown .... Minneapolis, Minn.

*Herman I. Johnson Utica, N. Y.

Blias T. Bragaw New London, Ct.

*Henry P. Butler New York City.

E. T. Holbrook Milton, Vt.

T. W. Chamberlin Paxton, 111.

*Henry A. "Willard Washington, D. C.

*Daniel W. Robinson Burlington, Vt.

Theodore S. Peck Burlington, Vt.

Arthur D. Farwell Montpelier, Vt.

W. H. Bolander New York City.

L. Curtis Bracket New York City.

Edward S. Towne Holyoke, Mass.

Simeon H. Palmer Underbill, Vt.

J. C. Wyman New York City.

J. C. Hamilton Elmsford, N. Y.

L. L. Marsh Enosburg Palls, Vt.

* Deceased.

THE LATE GENERAL C. L. MARSH.
Funeral at Opera House with Large Attendance of Veterans.

Enosburg Falls, Jan. 3, 1911. — There was a large attendance of veterans and long
time friends of the deceased at the funeral here yesterday of General Carmi L. Marsh.
Services were held at the opera house. Rev. W. T. Porsythe of St. Matthew's church
officiated, assisted by Rev. W. P. Weeks of Shelburne, Rev. E. S. Stone of Swanton
and W. J. M. Beattie of Barre, former rectors. Prayers were said at the house at
11:00 and the body escorted to the hall by a detachment from Pixley Post, G. A. R.,
whose members acted as a guard of honor while the body lay in state. The hall was
draped in the national colors, and a flag covered the casket.

The casket was surrounded by a profusion of flowers and set pieces from corpora-
tions, organizations and individuals. A double quartette consisting of J. O. Kimball,
J. A. Bowles, F. W. Wallace, W. W. Hutchinson, W. H. Yaw, Roy Abell, J. H. Mears
and C. H. Abell sang "Nearer My God to Thee" and the chants connected with the
burial service of the Episcopal church. The bearers were four nephews, R. M. Towle,
^». C. Hammond, B. C. Kendall and C. L. Towle. The honorary bearers, all members
of General Marsh's old regiment, the 13th Vermont, were Colonel Albert Clarke, of
Boston, Colonel Henry O. Clark, of East Orange, N. J., Colonel H. W. Allen, of Bur-
lington, Judge John H. Lyon, of Colchester, Captain George G. Blake, of Swanton and
Eli N. Peck, of Burlington.

The vestrymen of St. Matthew's, of which General Marsh was the senior warden,
acted as an escort. They were L. C. Kendall, Dr. A. R. Bell, C. H. Stratton and H. A.
Cramton.

Vermont Commandery of the Loyal Legion was represented by General T. S.
Peck, of Burlington, Colonel L. C. Leavens, of Richford and the New York Commandery
by Companion Omri P. Hibbard of New York. About 40 Grand Army men attended
and the hall was unable to hold all who wished to attend the service.

896 Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers

The Late Carmi L. Marsh.

(By Albert Clarke.)

As the forms for this Addendum are about to be closed, I am informed by the
survivors of the Self Constituted Committee of Three that I may have a little space
in which to pay a brief tribute to their associate and our comrade, Carmi L. Marsh.
They tell me I cannot say too much in his praise to suit them. In all their relations
with him involving expense he did his full share and offered to do more. It was a
work of love with him. In the fine tribute paid to him by his pastor at the funeral,
it was stated that the one object of his care and interest next to his family and
business was the Thirteenth Vermont. Some of its members near him had long had
occasion to realize this peculiar interest. It was his chief regret that a severe illness
had prevented him from sharing the greatest danger and triumph of his comrades
and it was his chief pride that he belonged to the organization which did what they
did.

Mr. Marsh's success in life was no accident. He planned sagaciously, risked
courageously and managed prudently. He sought able partners and worked with
them harmoniously. His success was modestly borne and his community has the
chief benefit. While public spirited and patriotic, his mind was well balanced and
he first looked out for his own. He did more; he sought to avoid being considered
lavish; and so, when he thought of building a soldiers' monument for Franklin, he
consulted his closest friends as to the propriety of it. While that and many other
benefactions stand to his credit, his noblest gifts were those whch he never mentioned.
They were many and they were tender and considerate and wise. I heard of some in
a private way at his funeral.

His aid to Mrs. Wilcoxon late in her life is too well known to need repetition
here, but the effect of it in Virginia may not be so well known. For three years
around 1900, I was associated in the Industrial Commission with Senator John W.
Daniel of Virginia, who has only recently passed away. He had been a prominent
Confederate, was lame from a severe wound, was one of the most eloquent of Southern
orators and for a long time a very prominent U. S. Senator. In conversation with me
a few years later about Southern conciliation, he said that a young Vermont officer
had done more to promote it, by helping a poor widow in his state, who had housed him
during a severe illness in war time, than all the fine talk of Presidents who visit the
South. He said the officer and his wife had searched her out and he had made her
financially comfortable for the rest of her life, and the news of his benefaction had
spread far and wide and made the people realize that we are indeed again one people.
I was very proud to tell him that the officer was a comrade of my own regiment, and
a very dear friend. He replied that if Mr. Marsh came to Washington while we were
both there, I must introduce him. This did not occur, but it may yet, though not In
Washington,

Although he had received honors from town and county and state, he had little
ambition for office or distinction. He thought the post of honor is the private station
and he was devoted to family, business, duty and friends. And his friends were
everybody. If he had any faults or any enemies, nobody can recall them- now. Alas
that we shall see him no more until we meet upon further shore, but we can always
think of him as a shining example of every private and public virtue and as a friend
whom all who knew him loved.