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VOL. LXI.

A MANUAL

OF THE

BRITISH DISCOMYCETES

WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF ALL THE SPECIES OF

FON GI

HITHERTO FOUND IN BRITAIN, INCLUDED IN
THE FAMILY

AND

ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENERA

BY

CUP a.
WILLIAM PHILLIPS, F.L.S8. 7, (AL,

bay
Re
CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE (envenoGhuie SOCIETY OF SCOTLAND, AND tHE! en ft
BIRMINGHAM NATURAL HISTORY AND MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY fy & hy
t
Bi ee

SECOND EDITION

LONBON

KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & CO., Lr?
1893

(The rights of translation and of reproduction are reserved.)

PREFACE.

oe
?

Tue design of this work -is to provide the English
student with the means of acquiring a knowledge of the
Discomycetes of Britain. The fifth volume of “ English
Flora,” Berkeley’s “Outlines,” and Cooke’s “ Handbook,”
each well served this purpose in its time, and I indulge
the hope that the present work may be equally useful.

No trouble has been spared in verifying and extend-
ing microscopic observations of the morphology, for in
no instance where an authentic specimen was accessible
has the opportunity of examining it been neglected.
The readiness with which the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, my
lamented friend the late Mr. C. E. Broome, and Dr. M. C.
Cooke have entrusted to me some of their unique
specimens, calls for my grateful acknowledgment; as
does the kindness of the Kew and British Museum
authorities, in allowing me at all times ready access to
their important herbaria.

When Dr. M. C. Cooke became aware of my intention
to undertake this work, he not only generously handed
over to me the whole of his valuable manuscript notes,

vi PREFACE.

collected with a view of publishing a new edition of the
“ Handbook,” but afforded me at all times his valuable
advice and assistance. How far these advantages have
been utilized must be left to the judgment of the reader.

The subject of classification will not fail to awaken
some controversy. As every author has his own views,
I may be permitted to have mine. To adhere as closely
as possible to the long-accepted Friesian system has
been the practice of English authors; but this has been
carried a little too far, owing to our “insular prejudices,”
and the time has come when a new departure must be
made. While avoiding the fondness for innovation
displayed by our Teutonic, and indeed, though in a less
degree, our Gallic, neighbours, I have retained in the
form of subgenera some of their more useful groups. I
foresee many objections that can be urged to the method
adopted, but prefer to let it stand on its own merits
rather than enter here into a lengthened justification.

Many of the diagnoses have been altered or added
to without reserve, where it appeared to me necessary,
and others have been borrowed from one or other of
the authors cited in connection with them. Professor
Karsten’s “ Mycologia Fennica” and M. Boudier’s
“Mémoire sur les Ascobolés” have been of great assist-
ance, the former especially in the measurement of
sporidia. ‘

The habitats are chiefly those of “English Flora,”
Cooke’s “ Handbook,” Berkeley and Broome’s “ Notices
of British Fungi,” with such as have come within my
own knowledge. To have added those contained in the

PREFACE. vil

various local floras would have occupied too much space,
besides which many of them are too unreliable.

My thanks are due to the following gentlemen for
much valuable help :—the Rev. W. A.-Leighton, Mr. C.
B. Plowright, the Rev. J. Stevenson, the Rev. Dr. Keith,
Professor James, W. H. Trail, and many others, besides
those already mentioned.

As errors, in spite of all one’s care, will creep into a
work of this kind, I shall take it as an act of kindness
on the part of those who will point them out, with the
view of correcting a second edition should it ever be
called for.

WILLIAM PHILLIPS.

CANoNBURY, SHREWSBURY,
August, 1887.

CONTENTS.

Orprr I.—HELVELLACE. Frits.

PAGE

Genus I.—Morcuetua, Dill... ave sia a 2

II.—GyYromITRA ... se 208 sa 8

III.—Hetvewta, Fries... a fis ae 9

IV.—VeERpPA, Swartz... ve ais ae 19

V.—Loaorta, Fries a2 ae vies ae. 2]

Subgenus.— Cudonia, Fries she oy 24

VI.—Mirervuta, Fries... aa Bee 5)

VII.—SpaTHubaria, Pers. aes sh ies 30

VIII.—Leptoetossum, Cooke # sis we: BL

IX.—Groatossom, Pers. os ae ae 34

X.—Rurzina, Fries ais ese eee ws. =40
Orpen II.—PEZIZ&.

Series I.—Novpz ... ee aus ise ave 42

Genus I.—Pesziza, Dill are ai ve = 48

Subgenus 1.—Acetabula, Fries as ae 44

2.—Tarzetta, Cooke sas a. = 46

8.—Otidea, Pers. ave xe 51

4.—Cochlearia, Cooke iv a. DD

5.—Discina, Fries... wae 64

6.—Galactinia, Cooke on «=D.

x CONTENTS.

Subgenus 7.—Pustularia, Cooke

8.—Geoscypha, Cooke
9.—Humaria, Fries
10.—Pyronema, Fckl. .

Genus JI.—PsiLorezia, Berk.
IIJ.—Hymenoscypua, Fries

Subgenus 1.—Sclerotinia, Fckl.

2.—Ciboria, Fckl.

8.—Trichoscypha, Cooke ...

4,—Cyathoidea
IV.—CHLoRosPLeniom, Fries

V.—Betonipium, Mont. and Dur.

VI.— He torttuw, Fries
VII.—Moutista, Fries

Subgenus 1.—Niptera, Fekl.

2.—Pyrenopeziza, Fckl.

3.—Dilutella, Phil.

4.—Mollisiella, Phil. ...
5.—Hysteropeziza, Rabh. ...
6.—Pseudo-peziza, Fckl.
7.—Peristomealis, Phil.

Series I].—Vestira
VIII.—Lacuyea, Fries

Subgenus 1. = eae: Fries
2.—Sepultaria, Cooke
3.—Rhizopodella, Cooke
4.—Scutellinia, Cooke
5.—Neottiella, Cooke...

IX.—Lacuneta, Fries (in part) ...
(Section 1.—Stipitate.)

Subgenus 1.—Dasyscypha, Fries

(Section 2.—Sessile.}

Subgenus 2.—Lachnella, Fries

8.—Fibrina, Fries

X.—Tapesia, Fries
XI.—Desmazipreva, Lib.
XIJ.—Pirorraa, Saccardo

PAGE

TL
75
82

105
110
111
112
118
126
128
146
148
152
171
172
178
190
198
197
198
201
201
201
202
208
216
217
229
230

231

255
274
276
288
284

CONTENTS. xi

Orper III.—ASCOBOLEA. Bovp.

PAGE
Genus I.—Boupimra, Cooke ... ae this se 285
II.—Ascosouvs, Pers. is as wit 286
III.—Saccosouvs, Boud. ... des 6 vee 298
IV.—Tsecotueus, Boud. ae bs ae 297
V.—Ryparostus, Boud. ... eae ga we 298
VI.—AscorHanus, Boud. sts oe si 803
Orprr IV.—BULGARIEA. Fares.
Genus I.—Buteartia, Fries... ia sie .. 814
II.—Vreissea, Fries on vas she 316
TiI.—Sramnaria, Fekl. ... ies na ve B21
IV.—Ompropuina, Fries den ite she 822
V.—Cautoria, Fries... ae ihe ww. 826
OrperR V.—DERMATEA. F rigs.
Genus I—Encaia, Fries ‘ whe ide 336
Il.—Dermatsa, Fries ... dts wie ww. 3839
.II.—Crnaneium, Fries ‘a's iat ‘isi 344
IV.—Tympanis, Fries... oa iat w. «B51
V.—Croumenusa, De Not. ... sex a 856
VI.—Epxe.is, Fries ais Pr tae ww. §=858
Orpver VI.—PATELLARIACE. Friss.
Genus I.—Parenuantia, Fries ai 0 wi 359
II.—Heteroseam=eia, Grev. ea se «. «87h
T1I.—Laqvueartia, Fries see aes Pr 372
Orper VII.—STICTE. Friss.
Genus I.—Proprotis, Fries aes ae is .. 873
II.—Scumirzomra, Fries Bes sale 10 378

III.—Srictis, Pers. axe ie nes w. §=881

xii

CONTENTS.

Orver VIIL.—PHACIDIACEA. Fries.

Genus I.—Puacipium, Fries

II.—Trocuia, Fries
IIL—Sreeta, Fries

Orper IX.—GYMNOASCEZA. Barn.

Genus I.—Ascomyces, Mont. and Desm.

ADDENDA :
GLossaRyY oF TERMS
AUTHORS QUOTED
ExsiccaTIl QuOTED...
DescripTion oF PLATES
GeneraL INDEX

PAGE
387
396
398

399

406
411
422
436
439
447

ABBREVIATIONS.
c.é. = cum icone, with a figure.
lc. = loco citato, in the place quoted.
exs. = exsiccati, dried specimens.
w = the Greek mu, indicates micromillimetres, one of which = ‘001

mm. = ggtyo Of an inch.

! denotes that the plant has been examined by the author, and seen

from the localities named.

A MANUAL

OF THE

BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

DISCOMYCETES. Fries.

RECEPTACLE cupulate, applanate, mitrate, stipitate,
sessile, or immersed ; hymenium superior, more or less
“exposed; substance fleshy, waxy, gelatinous, or rarely
cartilaginous; asci cylindrical or clavate, containing
usually 8 sporidia (rarely 4, 16, 32, or more).
Name—From dicxog, a disc, and pixne, a fungus.

Order I—HELVELLACEI. Fries.

Receptacle vertical, stipitate, pileate, mitrate, or clavi-
form; bearing the hymenium on the upper surface, which
is always exposed; substance between fleshy and waxy,
rarely gelatinous.

Name—From the typical genus, Helvella.

ARRANGEMENT OF THE GENERA.

I. Morchella. Dill. VI. Mitrula. Fries.

II. Gyromitra. Fries. VII. Spathularia. Pers.
III. Helvella. Fries. VIII. Leptoglossum. Cooke.
IV. Verpa. Swartz. IX. Geoglossum. Pers.
V. Leotia. Fries. X. Rhizina. Fries.

B

2 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Key To THE GENERA OF HELVELLACEI
Pileus clavate .. os es

Pileus spathulate ar aie a a ae Spathularia.
Pileus capitate... os .. as BO
Pileus sessile and applanate 3 aa se .. Rhizina.
1. Hymenium confluent with the stem .. ia wi 2
» jf Hymenium and stem black .. . .. Geoglossum.
“| Hymenium and stem brightly coloured se . Leptoglossum.
Pileus covered with deep angular pits ..» Morchella.
3. 4 Pileus covered with deeply folded, undulating "yibs .. Gyromitra.
Pileus nearly even E a ao
Pileus deflexed, free, saddle- shaped ag «. Helvella.
4, 4+ Pileus deflexed, free, conical .. ee ¥e .. Verpa.
Pileus globose or subclavate .. ee 7 5
Pileus globose, margin revolute 5 Leotia.
5. 4 Pileus globose or subclavate, margin contiguous with
the stem sis a ae ve .. Mitrula,

Genus I.—MorcHetua. Dill.

Receptacle stipitate, pileate, clavate, globose, or conical ;
clothed above by the deeply folded and pitted hymenium ;
substance between waxy and fleshy; asci cylindrical ;
containing (in British species) 8 sporidia. (Plate I. fig. 1)

Large fungi, 2 to 10 inches high, growing on the
ground in spring; firm, not soon decaying, with rather
a pleasant odour, and esculent. The deep, angular pits on
the hymenium readily distinguish them from their allies.

Name—Latinized from the German Morchel.

ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES,

A. Pileus adnate at the base. a ++ species 1-4
B. Pileus free at the base if bs ces » 5-6
Kry To Tur Srxctss.
Pileus adnate at the base ee ne ac ee |
Pileus partly free ve wh an ie sic
1 Stem short ane és oe Rs a ae
* ‘| Stem elongated 8
Pileus with BHnEY longitudinal ribs and squarich
2. pits conica.
Pileus without primary Tongivadinal ribs pits some-
what pentagonal ane aa +. esculenta.
g, { Pileus subconical, brown eo a oe ++ orassipes.
* ‘| Pileus subglobose, tawny oe sit Ss +» Smithiana.
4. Stem very large and pruinose .. a3 es gigas.

Stem smaller and uearly even ., ne semilibera.

MORCHELLA. 3

A. PILEUS ADNATE AT THE BASE.

1. Morchella esculenta. (Linn.)

Pileus round, ovate, or oblong, adnate at the base to
the stem; ribs firm, anastomosing, intervals forming
pits; stem even; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic,
20—22 X 10u; paraphyses filiform, slightly thickened
above. (Plate I. fig. 1.)

Phallus esculentus—Linn., “Suec.,” 1262; Scheff,
t.199; Bolt. +.91. Morchella esculenta— Pers., l. c.; Fries,
“Sys. Myco.,” ii. p.6; Tratt., “Essb. Schw.,” p. 268, f. EE;
Harzer, t. 50; Favre-Guill. 47; Vitt., “Mang.,” t. xiv.
f. 5, xiii. f. 1-3; Lenz, figs. 64, 65; Rabh., “Krypt. Flo.,”
i. p. 382; Hussey,i. t. 13; Badham, t. 12, f. 6; Fries, “ At.
Sv.,” t=. 54; Cooke, “Handbk.,” p. 655, ¢. i.; “Mycogr.,”
f. 312, 313; Karst. “Myco. Fenn,” p. 32; Quelet,
“Champ.,” pt. i. p. 382; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 15, ¢ 1

Exsiccati—Cooke, “Fung. Brit.” ed. i. 645, ed. ii.
181; Fekl, “F. Bh.,” 1243; Karst. “Fung. Fenn.,” 139;
Phil, “Elv. Brit,” 1; Rav., “Fung. Car.,” i. 36; Rehm.,
“ Asco.,” 501; Thum., “Mycoth. Univ.,” 714; Ellis, “N.
A. Fungi,” 979.

Odour faint, taste grateful. Stem rarely hollow, or,
except in the young state, stuffed; one inch long (but
very variable); soft, white, squamulose on the surface ;
not truly striate, sometimes equal, sometimes attenuate ;
pileus more or less ovate, obtuse; ribs frequently anas-
tomosing, without transverse ribs; but as regards form,
magnitude, and colour, very variable (Fries, l. ¢.).

On the earth in spring and summer.

Name—E£sculentus, esculent.

Blair Athol (Dr. Greville); Castle Rising, Norfolk!
Terrington, Norfolk (C. B. Plowright). Witchingham,
Norfolk (Mr. F. Norgate). Fotheringhay (Rev. M. J.
Berkeley). Cambridge (Mr. J. Ball). Audley End (Rev.
J. Leefe). Warwick (Mr. Spencer Perceval). Stainton,
Cumberland ; Ambrose, Cumberland (Dr. Carlyle).

4 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Var. a. rotunda. Pers.

Pers, “Syn. Fung.,” 619; Mich., t. 85, fig. 1.; Gled.,
“Meth.,” 61, t. 11, £ a (left-hand lower figure); Sow.,
t. 51 (left-hand figure) ; Grev., t. 68; Barla, t. 42, f. 1-7;
Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” f. 313; Gill, “Champ. Icon.”

Exs.—Thum., “ Fung. Aus.,” 313. ;

In woods and bushy places, chiefly in a sandy soil,
Spring. Esculent. Colour whitish pallid; when dry
straw-coloured, or pale yellow.

Name—Rotundus, round; from the round pileus.

Langholm, in Eskdale; Lugton Wood, near Dalkeith
(Lightfoot). Banks of the river Almond at Foxhall (Capt.
Wauch). North Wootton, Norfolk! (Mr. C. B. Plow-
right). Near Chislehurst (Mr. F. Currey).

2. Morchella conica. Pers.

Pileus conical, terete, oblong, adnate at the base;
primary ribs longitudinal, obtuse, secondary forming
transverse folds ; pits elongated, narrow, plicato-lacunose ;
stem subterete, cylindrical, whitish; asci cylindrical ;
sporidia elliptic, slightly oval, 20 x 12u; paraphyses
enlarged upwards.

Morchella esculenta, 8 conica—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,”
ii. 7. Morchella conica—Pers., “Comest.,” 257; Barla,
t. 42, f. 8-10; Favre-Guill, 49; Kromb., t 16, f. 7-10;
Sv., “Bot.” t. 258; Cooke, “Mycogr.,” f. 315; Gill,
“Champ.,” p. 17, c i; Pat, p. 69, £ 160. Morchella
ceracea—Kromb., t. 16, f. 11,12. Morchella continua—
Tratt., “Austr.” t. 6, f11. Morchella rigida—Kromb.,
t. 16, f. 13, t. 17, f 1-2; Quelet, “Champ.,” pt. i. p. 381.
Morchella acumimata—Kickx.; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 17,
ei.

_ re the ground. Esculent. Three to four inches
igh.

Name—Conus, a cone; from the cone-shaped pileus,

Woods at Westbury, near Bristol (Mr. C. E. Broome).
Near Mansfield, Notts. (Mr. F. Currey). Sluie, Scotland
(Rev. Dr. Jas. Keith). Forres, Scotland (Dr. M. C. Cooke),

MORCHELLA. 5

Var. a deliciosa. Fries.

Pileus subcylindrical, acute; stem short; paraphyses
slender.

Morchella, deliciosa—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. 8; Cooke
in “Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin.,” x. pp. 440; “ Mycogr.,” f. 320;
Kromb., t. xvi. f. 17-19; Quelet, “Champs.,” pt. i. p. 381;
Gill, “ Champ.,” p.16,¢.i. Fungus cavernosus—Weinm.,
“ Herb.,” t. 553, f. 1. Morchella crispa—Kromb., “Schw.,”
t. 5, £25, 26. Vitt., “Mang.,.” t. xiv. fi 6.

Exs.—M. costata—Kze. and Schm., No. 193.

In grassy places. Spring. Esculent.

Name—From the French delicieuwse, on account of its

flavour.
Kinburn, St. Andrews, 1878 (Rev. M. L. Anderson).

3. Morchella crassipes. Pers.

Pileus subconical, brown, adnate at the base; ribs
irregularly undulating, thick; pits large, variable in
form, deep, the bottom celluloso-plicate ; stem large, tall,
incrassated at the base, lacunose, glabrous, somewhat flesh-
coloured ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, yellowish,
24 X 124; paraphyses barely enlarged upwards.

Morchella crassipes—Pers. “Syn. Fung.,” p. 621;
Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” 11. 9; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 1939 ;
Kromb., “Schw.,” t. 16, f. 1; Harzer, t. 78; Barla, t. 42,
f. 11; Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” fig. 319; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 16,
e. i. Phallus crassipes—Ventenant, p. 509, f. 2.

On the ground. Spring. Esculent. Attaining a
height of 12 inches.

Name—Crassus, thick, pes, a foot ; thick stemmed.

Kingskerswell, near Newton Abbot, Devonshire
(Miss L. C. Lott). Brockley Combe, near Bristol (Mr. C.
Bucknall). Castle Rising, Norfolk ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright).

4. Morchella Smithiana. Cooke.

Pileus subglobose, tawny, adnate at the base; ribs
irregular, undulating, thick ; pits polymorphous, deep,

6 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

plicate at the bottom ; stem large, tall, thickened at the
base, hollow, attenuated upwards, sulcate, tomentose,
white or flesh-coloured ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia elliptic,
even, 17—20 X 8—lln; paraphyses slightly thickened
above.

In a hedgerow. Spring. Esculent.

Morchella Smithiana—Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” fig. 318 ;
“Qrevillea,” xii. 98. Morchella crassipes—Smith in
Journal of Botany, 1868, t. 73.

A fine, handsome species, reaching a height of 12 and
a diameter of 7 inches.

Name—After Mr. Worthington G. Smith.

Kingerswell, Devon (W. G. Smith). Terrington St.
Clements (C. B. Plowright). Malton, Yorkshire (Capt.
Taylor).

B. PILEUS FREE AT THE BASE,

5. Morchella gigas. Pers.

-Pileus conical, free at the base, which is somewhat
undulate; ribs longitudinal, anastomosing; pits large,
elongated, lacunose within; stem stout, long, enlarged
downwards, sulcate, dirty white, covered with ferruginous
squamules, hollow; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic,
22—27 X 12—16u; paraphyses stout, septate, thickened
at the summit.

Movrchella gigas—Pers., “Syn. Fung.,” p. 619; Fries,
“Sys. Myco.,” 11. p. 11 ; Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” fig. 328; B. and
Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 1921. Phallus squamosus—
Ventenant, p. 511. Phallus gigas—Batsch, “EL,” 131.
Phaloboletus esculentus—Mich., “ Gen.,” t.84,f.1. Verpa
speciosa—Vitt., “ Mang.,” t. 15, £. 6,7. Morchella patula
—Tratt., “Essb. Schw.,” 173, t. Fr. Mitrophora gigas
—Lev., “Ann. Sc. Nat.,” 1846, p. 250; Gill, “Champ.,”
p. 19, 1. ;

Exs.—Fckl., “ F. Rh.,” 2089.

On the earth in sandy places. Spring.

A large species, attaining a height of 8 inches; the
pileus is smoky brown, with prominent longitudinal ribs,

MORCHELLA. 7

united by transverse ribs, the intervals forming irregular
oblong pits; the height varies from 2 to 3 inches, the
width about 2} inches; the stem is hollow, about 1 inch
wide at the top, and 24 inches at the bottom, sulcate,
coated with rust-coloured squamules. It is said to be
_ esculent.

Name—yiyac, a giant ; from the large size.

Coed Coch, North Wales (Mrs. Lloyd Wynn). North
Wootton! (Mr. C. B. Plowright).

6. Morchella semilibera. D.C.

Pileus conical, free half-way up; ribs longitudinal,
forming oblong pits, which are veined within; stem
nearly even; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, 22 x 14y;
paraphyses scarcely thickened above.

Morchella semilibera—pD. C., “ Flo. Fr.,” 11, 212; Fries,
“Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 10; Vitt.; “Mang.,” t. xiv. figs, 1-4;
Cooke, “Mycogr.,” fig. 321; Quelet, “Champ.,” pt. i.
v. 3881. Morchella patula—Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 1940?
M. rete—Pers., “Myco. Eur.,”” i, 205. M. hybrida—

“Gen,” +t. 84, £2. Helvella hybrida—Sow., “ Fung.,”
t. 238. Phallus patulus—Gled., “ Meth.” 59. Mitro-
phora semilibera—Lev., “Ann. Se. Nat.,” 1846, p. 250;
Gill, “ Champ.,” p. 19, ¢. i.

Exs.—Oooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” ii. No. 861; “ Erb. Crit.
Ital.,” i. 270, ii. 289 ; Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,” 1417; Desm.,
“Orypt. Fr.,” i. 424; Fekl, “F. Rh,” 2088; Phil. “ Elv.
Brit.,” 51.

On the ground. Spring. Esculent.

From 23 to 5 inches high ; pileus short (about 1 inch),
rather acute, lutescent, when dry dirty fulvous; stem
whitish.

Name—Semi, half, liber, free; the pileus being free
from the stem half-way up.

King’s Cliffe, Northamptonshire (Rev. M. J. Berkeley).
Foxhall (Capt. Wauch). Near Darlington (Mr. Robson).
Badsey (Mr. Rufford). Richmond, Yorkshire (Rev

8 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

J. E. Leefe). Apethorpe, Northamptonshire (Rev. M. J.
Berkeley). Twycross (Rev. A. Bloxam). Orchardleigh,
Somersetshire; Clifton Down, Bristol (Mr. C. Bucknall).
Wetherby, Yorkshire (Dr. H. F. Parsons). North Wootton,
Norfolk! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Eaton Constantine,
Salop ! (Mr. W. E. Beckwith).

Genus I] —Gyromitra. Fries.

Receptacle pileate, stipitate, deflexed, bullato-inflated,
clothed above by the hymenium ; the ribs of the hyme-
nium raised, gyrose, persistent; substance fleshy; asci
cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic or elongate-elliptic, smooth
(in British species); paraphyses linear. (Plate I. fig. 2.)

On the earth. Spring.

In the two British species the pileus is somewhat
globose, supported by a short stout stem enlarged at the
base. They are esculent, and very rare.

Name—yupdg, round, pirpa, a turban; from the shape
of the pileus.

Sporidia elliptic .. < oo oe . .. esculenta,
Sporidia subfusiform .. ee oe oe e+ gigas.

1. Gyromitra esculenta. Fries.

Pileus inflated, irregularly undulated, gyroso-rugose,
brown; margin annexed to the even villous stem; asci
cylindrical ;. sporidia 8, oblongo-elliptic, biguttulate,
20 X 10u; paraphyses thickened and brown above.
(Plate I. fig. 2.)

Gyromitra esculenta—Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan.,”
p. 346 ; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 1842 ; “Mycogr.,” fig. 328 ;
Quelet, “Champ.,” pt. i. p. 382. Helvella esculenta—
Pers., “Comm.,” p. 64; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. 16 ; Karst.,
“Myco. Fenn.,” 38; B. and Br., “Ann, Nat. Hist.,” 825.
Badham, “ Fung.,” ii. t. 12, f. 3-5; Harzer, t. 47 ; Barla,
t. 48, £. 12,18; Lenz, fig. 59,60. Elvela mitra—Scheoff,
“Icon,” t. 160, 161. Helvella phalloides—Afz., “ Act,
Holm.,” 1783, p. 303.

Exs.—Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” ii. 264; Rabh., “ Fung.

i
i

fe

HELVELLA. 9

Eur.,” 1416; Fekl, “F. Rh.,” 2087; Klotzsch, «H. M.,”
188 ; Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” 526 ; Phil., “Elv. Brit.,” 101.
On the ground. Spring. Esculent.

The form of the sporidia at once distinguishes this
from the following species. In this, they are elliptical,
and obtuse at the ends; in that, subfusiform, and almost
acute at the ends.

The Rev. M. J. Berkeley says, “Gyromitra esculenta,
though frequently eaten, is not always safe—a circum-
stance which may depend rather on peculiarity of con-
stitution than on any intrinsically deleterious property”
(Intellectual Observer, 1866, p. 32).

Name—Fsculentus, esculent. :

Weybridge Heath, on sandy ground, April (Mr. F.
Currey). Forres, Scotland! (Rev. Dr. Keith).

2. Gyromitra gigas. (Kromb.)

Pileus large, lobed, undulato-plicate, or curled, pallid,
whitish, or ochraceous; lobes sub-adnate to the stem,
adpressed, somewhat undulating; stem thick, cellular, .
waxy, whitish, externally lacunose, subglabrous; asci
cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, fusiform, 32 x 10—12n;
paraphyses slightly enlarged above.

Helvella gigas—Kromb., “Schw.,” iii. 28, t. 20, f.
1-5 ; Currey, “Linn. Trans.,” xxiv. t. 25, f. 25; Cooke,
“ Handbk.,” No. 1943; Quelet, “Champ.,” pt. i. p. 382.
Gyromitra gigas—Cooke, “Mycogr.,” fig. 327.

On the ground. Esculent.

Name—yiyae, a giant; from the large size.

Coed Coch, North Wales (Mrs. Lloyd Wynn). Black-
heath Park (Mr. Frederick Currey).

Genus IIL—HEtvewya. Fries.

Receptacle pileate, supported by the centre, deflexed,
sub-inflated, sinuous, concave, and barren beneath,
clothed above the margin by the hymenium; hymenium
even, persistent; stem always present, united to the

10 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

centre of the pileus, hollow or filled with a floccose
medulla; the adult pileus mitre-form, compressed, lobate,
dry, pruinose beneath ; substance waxy-membranaceous ;
asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, smooth; paraphyses linear.
(Plate I. fig. 3.)

The species vary in size from 1 to 7 inches in height ;
they are persistent, but fragile; their odour is not
offensive. They grow on the ground or on wood, in
spring and autumn. Most of them are reputed to be
edible.

Name—A Latin name used by Cicero to denote some
kind of fungus.

ARRANGEMENT OF THE Sprcres.

A. Stem stout, suleate .. Ns ne .. species 1-4
3B. Stem stout, nearly even a ve ws » o-7
c. Stem slender, even .. ox v9 i 3 Slt

Key To THe Species,

Stem stout oe a cs a Pe aa I
Stem slender ss ; a os ac vx, 2
1 Stem sulcate ie ai ne fe ae ss 3
* | Stem nearly even oe o 4
Pileus mouse-colour ae ee 2 = +. elastica.
2. + Pileus black, cinereous, or fuliginous .. oe ieee By
Pileus brown se a ss Sr ass ss 6
Pileus pallid-white ee ea Ne a ++ ertspa.
3. - Pileus brown a oe cs is ne ++ subcostata,
Pileus cinereous .. oe a os 3% ee
Pileus purplish brown .. pee Re oe +. infula.
4. 4 Pileus spadicious ae A th fr ++ monachella.
Pileus ochraceous is ee ae . +. guepinioides.
5 Pileus black ik es is ex ar ee fa. ee
* | Pileus fuliginous a Jk a . pulla.
6 Pileus brown, stem not tomentose ac oe Klotzschiana.
* ‘| Pileus brown, stem tomentose .. fs sis ephippium.
Stem fistulose .. se a a ts -. lacunosa.
* | Stem stuffed oe “a ae , +. suleata.

A. STEM STOUT, SULCATE,

1. Helvella crispa. Fries,

Pileus deflexed, lobed, free, crisped, pallid; stem
fistulose, costato-lacunose; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8
elliptic, 18 X 94; paraphyses filiform. :

HELVELLA. 11

Helvella crispa—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 14; Berk.,
“Outl.,” t. 21, fig. 4; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No, 1944; Grev.,
t. 143; Vitt., “Mang,” t. 31, f.1; Lenz, fig. 57; Badham,
t. v. £1; Barla, t. 43, f. 1-5; Price, “TIllus.,” f. 57; Cooke,
“Mycogr.,” fig. 159; Quelet, “Champ.,” pt. i. p. 388;
Gill., “Champ.,” p. 8,e.i.; Pat., p.120,£270. H. mitra—
Purt., “ Midl. Flo.,” iii. t. 16; Bull, t.466,f 4. H. leuco-
phea—tTratt., “ Austr.,” f. 36.

Exs.—Fckl., “F. Rh.,” 1242; Berk. “Brit. Fung.,”
No. 264; “Erb. Crit. Ital.” i. 464; Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,”
239; Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,” i. 555, ed. ii. No. 541. Phil,
“ Ely. Brit.” 102.

On the ground. Autumn. Esculent.

Solitary, large, 38 to 5 inches high; at first sight
glabrous. Stem snow-white, becoming yellow in drying,
stout, ventricose downwards, sulcato-costate, and lacu-
nose ; ribs plane fistulose ; the dissected stem composed of
many distinct tubes. Pileus deflexed, inflated, lobed; at
first the margin is adnate to the stem, afterwards free,
undulate,sinuato-contorted,and crisped. Esculent,savoury
(Fries, l. ¢.).

Name—Crispus, curled, wrinkled; from the wrinkled

ileus.

: King’s Cliffe (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Kew Gardens
(Sir Joseph Hooker). Beggar’s Bush Lane and Haw
Wood, near Bristol (Mr. C. Bucknall). Hampstead, Din-
more, Herefordshire, Epping Forest, and Lyndhurst (Dr.
M. C. Cooke). Blackford Bridge, Woodside, and around
Carlisle (Dr. Carlyle). Castle Rising, Norfolk! (Mr. C. B.
Plowright). About Shrewsbury and Hereford !

38. Helvella lacunosa. Afz.

Pileus inflated, lobed, cinereous-black ; lobes deflexed,
adnate; stem fistulose, costate-lacunose ; asci cylindrical ;
sporidia 8, elliptic, 18 X 10u; paraphyses filiform, slightly
enlarged above. (Plate I. fig. 3.)

. Helvella lacunosa—Afz. in “Act. Holm.,” 1783, p.
304; Klotzsch, “Flo. Bor.” t. 883; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” 11.
p- 15; Holms., “Ot.” p. 45, t. 24; Cooke, “Handbk.,”

12 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

No. 1943; “Mycogr.,” fig. 160; Weberb., t. 5, f 2; Lenz
fig. 58; Barla, t. 43, f. 6-11; Quelet, “ Champ.,” pt. i
p. 888; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 10, c i; Pat, p. 120, f. 271
A. mitra—-Bull, t. 190, t. 466, f. B; Grev., t. 36. H
nigra—Berg., “Phyt.” t. 147. Elvella mitra— Flo.
Dan.,” t. 116. FE. nigricans—Scheeff., “Icon.,” t. 154.

_ Exs.—“Erb. Crit. Ital,” i. 465; Welw., “Crypt.
Lusit.,” 56; Berk., “ Brit. Fung.,” No. 265; Fekl., “ F. Rh.,”
No. 1241; Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,” 1810.

On the ground in woods, especially on burnt soil
Spring and autumn. Esculent.

Differs from the preceding, for a variety of which if
may easily be taken, by the more regular pileus, 2 to 4
lobed, scarcely laciniate, lobes later becoming free, and
especially by the colour. The stature generally smaller,
afterwards becomes equally as tall as Helvella mitra, g.
pratensis A.and 8. Although, therefore, acute characters
are wanting in nature, it is constant; it is also inferior
in cooking (Fries, 0. ¢.).

Name—Lacunosus, full of holes; from the pitted
pileus.

Edgbaston (Withering). Edinburgh (Dr. Greville).
Near Hereford! General Cemetery, Shrewsbury ! King’s
Cliffe (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Bungay (D. Stock). North
of Ireland (Templeton). Around Carlisle (Dr. Carlyle).
Hitchin (Prof. Henslow). Reading and Epping Forest,
where it is plentiful and very fine (Dr. M. C. Cooke).
Haw Wood, near Bristol (Mr. C. Bucknall). Castle
Rising and Sandringham, Norfolk ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright).

3. Helvella sulcata. Afz.

Pileus deflexed, lobed, adnate ; stem stuffed, furrowed
with equal ribs; asci cylindrical; sporidia elliptic, uni-
guttulate, 20 x 10—12u; paraphyses linear, septate,
thickened and brown above.

Helvella sulcata—Afz. in “Vet. Ac. Handbk.,” 1783
p. 304; B. and Br. “Ann. Nat. Hist.” No. 764, 1152:
Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 1946 ; “ Mycogr.,” fig. 161 ; Fries,
“Sys. Myco.,” ii, 15; Quelet, “Champ.,” pt. i. p. 383 ;

HELVELLA. 13

Gill, “ Champ.,” p. 10, ¢. i; Pat., p. 121, £272. H. mona-
chella—Thum., “ Fung. Aus.,” No. 11.

Exs.—Thum., “ Fung. Aus.,” No. 11; Roumg., “ Fung.
Gal.,” 1209.

On the ground in woods. Autumn. Esculent?

Solitary, rarely gregarious, totally glabrous, certainly
distinct from the preceding. Stem stuffed, 2 inches long,
4 to 5 lines thick, terete, attenuated upwards, ploughed by
deep longitudinal furrows; ribs slender, solid, not lacunoso-
fistulose, as in the preceding; pileus deflexed, equally
2 to 3 lobed, compressed, even, when dry darker, sides of
the interior adnate to the stem (Fries, J. ¢.).

Name—Sulcatus, made in furrows; from the furrowed

ileus.

: Andover (B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 764).
Glamis, Scotland (Rev. J. Stevenson). Bowwood (Mr.
C. E. Broome). Near Hereford! New Pitsligo, Scotland
(Rev. J. Fergusson). Kew Gardens (Dr. M. C. Cooke),

4. Helvella subcostata. Cooke.

Pileus deflexed, free, sublobate, even, the under side
paler, ribbed, and veined; stem equal, longitudinally
ribbed; asci cylindrical; sporidia elliptic, obtuse, uniguttu-
late, 18—20 x 10u; paraphysesthickened and brown above.

Helvella costata—Afz. in “Herb. Berk.” (non
Schweinitz).

_ Pileus 24 inches broad; stem 23 inches long. The
under side of the pileus has branching ribs, and is quite
free from the stem.

Name—Sub, somewhat, costatus, ribbed; from the
somewhat ribbed pileus.

Glamis, Hunter’s Hill (Rev. J. Stevenson). Andover
(1856, “ Herb. Berk.”).

B. STEM STOUT, NEARLY EVEN.

5. Helvella infula. Scheff.

Pileus lobate, deflexed, even; margin adhering very
closely to the stem, at length undulate, subcinnamo-

14 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

meous; stem enlarged upwards, stuffed, then hollow,
smooth, often here and there irregularly lacunose, pallid,
slightly villous; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic,
23—25 X 12u; paraphyses clavate at the apices, brown.

Helvella infula—Scheeff., t. 159; Pers., “Syn. Fung.,”
f. 617; A. and S., p. 300; Karst, “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 34;
Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 17 (part); Barla, t. 43, f£. 14-16 ;
Lenz, f. 61; Quelet, “Champ.,” pt. i. p. 383; “Scott. Nat.,”
vi. 122.

Exs.—Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” 445; “Erb. Crit. Ital.,”
i, 330; Roumg., “Fung. Gal.” 1208. Phil. “Elv. Brit.,” 151.

On the ground in woods. Autumn.

The Brandon specimens were very variable in form
and size: pileus sometimes nearly globose, bullate, and
wrinkled, at others expanded, and unequally lobed at
the margin; the stem attenuated upwards or in the
centre; varying in height from 3 to 7 inches; the para-
physes branched, septate, pyriform at the apices ; sporidia
furnished with two large guttule, 18—22 X 8u. Probably
esculent.

Name—In/fula, fillet; from the shape of the pileus.

Rothimurchus, Scotland, and Brandon, Norfolk!
(Mr. C. B. Plowright).

6. Helvella monachella. Fries.

Pileus deflexed, lobate, adnate, even, subspadiceous ;
stem hollow, even, glabrous, white; asci cylindrical ;
sporidia 8, elliptic, 18 X 104; paraphyses clavate, and
brown apices.

Helvella monachella—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 18;
Kromb,., t. xix. f 22-26; Lenz, fig. 62; Cooke, “ Mycogr.,”
fig. 3385 ; Quelet, “Champ.,” pt. 1. p. 383; Gill, “Champ.,”
p. 10, « i. M. monacella— Port. Hist.” x. « 70.
Fungoides—Mich., “Gen.,” t. 86, f. 8. Boletus albus—
Batt., t. 2, £ H. Phallus monachella—Scop., p. 476.
B. Helvella spadicea—Scheeff,, t. 288; Pers, “Comm..”
p. 113. H. grandis—Cum., “ Act. Tur.,” t. 2.

Exs.—Thum., “ Fung. Aus.,” No. 11.

HELVELLA. 15

On sandy ground in mountain woods. Spring and
autumn. Esculent (?).

Nearest to the preceding, but well distinguished by
the adduced forms and vernal growth. Stem 1 to 2
inches long, attenuated upwards, scarcely 4 an inch
thick; at first round, then subcompressed, marked
towards the base by a lacuna. Pileus at length crisped
and undulate; variable in colour—brown spadiceous,
violaceous, nigresceous, etc. (Fries, l. ¢.).

Name—Monachus, a monk ; diminutive.

Old Roar Wood, St. Leonard’s (Mr. F. Currey, in
“Kew Herb.”).

7. Helvella guepinioides. Berk. and Cooke.

Pileus entire, deflexed, free, ochraceous; stem elon-
gated, equal, even, hollow, whitish; asci cylindrical ;
sporidia 8, elliptic, 20 x 11u; paraphyses clavate at the
apices.

Helvella guepinioides. Berk. and Cooke in “Herb
Berk.” ; “ Mycogr.,” fig. 337 ; Gill, “ Champ.,” p. 12, ¢ i.

On the ground. Edible (?).

“A very singular species, resembling a Guepinia ;
hence the name” (Cooke). :

Name—Guepinia, a genus of fungi, c8oe, likeness ;
Guepinia-like.

C. STEM SLENDER, EVEN.

(a) Externally pruinose, furfuraceous, or glabrous.

8. Helvella elastica. Bull.

Pileus free, even, inflated, at length acutely lobed;
stem elongated, slender, attenuated upwards, pruinose ;
asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 20 x I0—11y; para-
physes filiform, slightly enlarged above.

Helvella elastica—Bull., “Champ.,” p. 289, t. 242;
Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. 21; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 1947;
“ Mycogr.,” fig. 163; Kromb., t. 21, f. 21; Karst. “ Myco.
Fenn.,” p. 35; Fekl, “Symb. Myco.,” p. 333; Quelet,

16 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

“ Champ.,” pt. i. p. 384; Gill, “ Champ.,” p. 13, ¢. i.; Pat.,
p. 40, £100. H. levis—Berg., “ Phyt.,” t. 149. a. albida.
H. albida—Pers. “Syn. Fung,,” p. 616; “Obs. Myco.,” i.
p. 71; Schum., “Saell.,” ii. p. 411. 0. pallide fuliginea.
A. fuliginosa—Dicks., “ Crypt.,” ii. p. 25; Sow., t. 154;
With., “Arr.,” iv. p. 841; Scheeff, t. 220. ¢ fusca—
Bull, @. ¢. .

Exs.—“ Erb. Crit. Ital.” 233 ; Desm., “ Crypt., Fr.,” i.
425; Berk., “Brit. Fung.,” 266; Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,”
i, 233; Fckl, “F. Rh.,” 137.

Slender, 3 to 4 inches high, elastic, pellucid. Stem
when young stuffed, becoming fistulose, base incrassated,
often irregularly lacunose. Pileus hardly an inch broad,
2 to 3 lobed, frequently orbicular (Fries, J. c.).

Much resembling in some of its forms Peziza macropus.

On the ground in moist places in shady woods.
Summer and autumn.

Name—From the French elastique.

Near Halifax (Bolton). Birdbrooke, Essex (Mr. T.
Walford). Madingley (Relham). Hirsel Woods, Berwick-
shire (Miss Bell). Ragley Woods, near Pophills, Alcester
~(Purton). Bungay (D. Stock). Milton, Northampton-
shire; Reading; Coed Coch, North Wales; Linlithgow
(Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Monereiffe, Scotland (Rev. J.
Stevenson). Rackheath and Colney, Norfolk (Mr. C. B.
Plowright). Epping Forest (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Haw
Wood, near Bristol (Mr. C. Bucknall). Blackford Bridge,
Cumberland (Dr. Carlyle). Woods near Hereford!
Wrekin, Salop! Sufton Court! Forrest Walk, Dolgelly !
Bomere, near Shrewsbury !

9. Helvella atra. Konig.

Fuliginous-black ; pileus deflexed, adpressed on both
sides, free, even beneath ; stem stuffed, furfuraceo-villous;
asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 17 x 84; paraphyses
slightly thickened at the apices.

Helvella atra—Konig., “Zoega. Flo. Isl.” 20; Fries,
“Sys. Myco.,” ii, 19; Holms., “Ot.,” ii. t. 25; Kromb.,

HELVELLA. 17

“Schw.,” t. 21, f 18-20; Cooke, “Mycogr.,” f. 167;
“ Grevillea,” vi. p. 127; Quelet, “Champ.,” pt. i. p. 384;
Gill, “Champ.,” p. 11, ci. Helvella nigrescens—Pers.,
“Syn. Fung.,” p. 617; “Obs. Myco.,” i. 71. Elvela atra
—“Flo. Dan.,” t. 584, f. 1.

Exs.—Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,’ 236 ; Fekl., “ F. Rh.,” 1288.

In moist woods. Summer and autumn.

Solitary, small, similar to H. infula. Stem 1 to 2
inches long, 1 to 2 lines thick, somewhat terete, even or
irregularly lacunose, black, olivaceo-cinereous at the
base. Pileus deflexed even from the first, not pezizoide
(as in H. Pezizoides), compressed, margin forming two
lobes, even, becoming slightly repand underneath, and
when dry approaching an ashy grey (Fries, J. ¢.).

Name—Ater, black ; from the black pileus.

Aviemor, Loch Killein, and Loch Laggan, Scotland
(Dr. B. White).

10. Helvella pulla. Holms.

Pileus deflexed, free, lobed, undulated, fuliginous,
underneath and also the middle of the stem nearly
naked; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, broadly elliptic,
16—18 x 134; paraphyses thickened above.

Helvella pulla—Holms,, t. 26; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,”
ii. 20; Cooke, “ Mycoer.,” fig. 338. H. cinerea—Vill.
“Delph.,” p. 1045. Fungoides pullum—Mich., “ Gen.,”
t. 86, f. 9.

On moist ground in woods; sometimes on old rotting
trunks of trees. Summer and autumn. LEsculent (?).

Medium size. Stem 2 inches long or a little more,
terete, somewhat undulated, stuffed, but at length as
usual fistulose, fuliginous, base often irregularly lacunose.
Pileus 1 to 14 inches broad, lobes deflexed, kidney-
shaped, broadly emarginate, when young even, com-
pressed ; at length inflated and more undulated than
most of the Pezizoidee (Fries, U. ¢.).

Name—Pullus, blackish ; from the blackish pileus.

King’s Lynn! (Mr. C. B. Plowright).

Cc

18 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

11. Helvella Kloteschiana. Corda.

Pileus nearly two-lobed, deflexed, membranaceous,
even, opaque, brown, margin repand, even beneath, and
yellowish ; stem slender, subcylindrical, pale yellow,
clear white within ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic,
uniguttulate, 12—14 xX 6u; paraphyses clavate, with
brown apices. ”_

Helvella, Klotzschiana—Corda in Sturm., “Flo.,” iii.
t. 57; Cooke, “Mycogr.,” fig. 168; “Grevillea,” x. p. 51.
Helvella elastica—Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” No. 180.

Exs.—* Erb. Crit. Ital.” i. 187; Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,”
130.

Easily known by the yellow stem and under side of
the pileus.

Name—After J. H. Klotzsch.

In the Fernery, Coed Coch, North Wales (Mrs Lloyd
Wynn). .

(b) Externally villose.

12. Helvella ephippiwm. Lev.

Pileus deflexed, two to three lobed, free, cinereous
villose beneath ; stem cylindrical, even, villose, stuffed;
asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 18 x 104; paraphyses
thickened and filled with brown granules in the upper
part.

Helvella ephippiwm—Lev., “Ann. Sc. Nat.,” 1841,
p. 240, t. 16, f. 7; B. and Br, “Ann. Nat. Hist.,”
No, 552; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 1948; « Mycogr.,”
fig. 169; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 18, ¢ i; Pat., p. 168, f. 370.

Exs.— Winter, “Fungi Eur.,” 1907.

Gregarious; smaller than most of the species, rarely
exceeding 1 inch high ; somewhat resembling H. elastica
im a young state, but more velvety on the stem and
under side of the pileus.

On the ground in woods. Summer and autumn,
Esculent (?),

VERPA. 19

Name—igirmoc, belonging to a horse; from the
saddle-shaped pileus.

King’s Cliffe and Apethorpe (Rev. M. J. Berkeley).
Near Bristol (Mr. C. E. Broome). Sufton Court, Here-
fordshire ! Thuxton, Herefordshire! Wrekin, Salop ! Coed’
Coch, North Wales.

Genus IV.—VErRpPA. Swartz.

Receptacle clavato-pileate, supported in the centre,
equally deflexed all round, conical, concave beneath,
free, entirely clothed above with the hymenium; hyme-
nium even or wrinkled, not ribbed, persistent; substance
fleshy—membranaceous; stem always present, hollow,
nearly distinct from the pileus ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia
8, elliptic; paraphyses filiform. (Plate I. fig, 4.)

The pileus in this genus is conical, neither inflated
nor lobate, nearly even, with the margin pressed to the
stem, but free (Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” p. 215).

Name—Verpa, a Latin word synonymous with

padre.
Three species .. oe oe oe oe -. 1-3

Key To THE SPECIES.

Pileus obtuse at the summit .. oe oe +. digitaliformis.
Pileus subacute at the summit 2 ga ad
1 Stem yellow, equal... Ki we we e. coniea.
. (Stem rufus, ventricose .. . oe a -. rufipes.

1. Verpa digitaliformis. Pers.

Pileus campanulate, finger-shaped, rugulose, umber ;
stem equal, transversely squamulose; asci cylindrical ;
sporidia 8, elliptic, 283—25 x 20u; paraphyses septate,
clavate above, brown, granular within.

Verpa digitaliformis—Pers., “ Myco. Eur.,” 202, t. 7,
f. 1-8; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. 24; Cooke, “Handbk.,”
No. 1949; “Mycogr.,” fig. 364; Berk., “Outl,” t. 21, f. 6;
Corda in Sturm., “Flo.” t. 7, £6; Payer, fig. 380; Vitt.,
Mang,,” t. 15, f. 1-3; Barla, t. 44, f. 1-6; Quelet, “Champ.,”
pt. i. p. 880; Gill. “Champ.,” p. 20, ¢ i.

20 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Exs.—Klotzsch, “Myco. Eur.,” 1629; Rabh., “Fung.
Eur.,” 1113; “Erb. Crit. Ital.,” ii. 340.

On hedge-banks. Spring.

Pileus at first nearly even, olivaceous-umber, dark at
the apex. Stem obese, furnished at the base with a few
subrufous radicles, white, with a slight rufous tinge
marked with transverse rufous spots; smooth to the
naked eye, but under a lens clothed with fine adpressed

’ flocci, the rupture of which gives rise to the spots, which
are, in fact, minute scales. In the mature plant the
pileus is ? of an inch high, campanulate, digitaliform, or
subglobose, more or less closely pressed to the stem, but
always free, the edge sometimes inflexed so as to form a
white border, wrinkled, but not reticulated, under side
slightly pubescent; sporidia yellowish, elliptic; stem
3 inches high, 4 an inch or more thick, slightly attenuated
downwards, loosely stuffed, by no means hollow (“ Eng.
Flo.”).

N ame—Digitale, a finger-stall, and forma, form;
from the shape of the pileus.

2. Verpa rufipes (nov. sp.). Phil.

Pileus conical, rugulose, sublobate, umber, whitish and
tomentose beneath ; stem ventricose, rufus, squamulose,
stuffed; asci cylindrical; sporidia, 8, elliptic, faintly
coloured, 22 x 134; paraphyses filiform, sub-equal, sep-
tate. (Plate I. fig. 4.)

i“ Verpa digitaliformis—Phil, in “Elv. Brit.,” exs..
0. 52

On hedge-banks. Spring.

The pileus is thin, wrinkled, dark umber, and stands
well away from the stem; it is nearly white on the
under side. The stem is much slenderer at the top than
below, and is tinged within, at the base, with the rufus
colour of the outside. Height about 14 inches ; broadest
part of stem 3 of an inch; pileus of an inch high. This
is intermediate between conica and digitaliformis.

Name—Rufus, reddish, pes, a foot; from the colour
of the stem.

LEOTIA. 21

Terrington St. Clement’s, and North Wootton ! (Mr.
C. B. Plowright).

3. Verpa conica. Swartz.

Pileus campanulate, nearly even, brown, margin sub-
sinuate, yellow beneath, as well as the equal stem; asci
cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic.

Verpa conica—Swartz, “Vet. Ac. Handl,” p. 136;
Pers., “ Myco. Eur.,” p. 204; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 24;
“Eng. Filo.,” v. p. 185; Berk., “OutL,” p. 359; Cooke,
“ Handbk.,” No. 1950; Gill., “Champ.,” p. 21. Phallus
conicus—‘ Flo. Dan.,” t. 654; Timm, “ Megap.,” p. 263.
Leotia conica—Pers., “Syn. Fung.,” p. 613. Helvella
Relhani—Sow., t. 11.

On the earth on heaths.

Stem 1 to 2 inches long, even, round, fistulose, slenderer
than in V. digitaliformis. Pileus slightly fleshy, cam-
panulate (Fries).

I have seen no specimen of this, but the characters
are so marked that it must be retained.

Name—Conus, a cone ; from the shape of the pileus.

Gogmagog Hills, Cambridgeshire (Relhan).

Doubtfully recorded.

Verpa speciosa—Vitt., “ Mang.,” p. 120, t. xv. figs.
5-8; “ Grevillea,” x. p. 51.

Berkeley and Bréome record this doubtfully from
Coed Coch, in “ Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,” No. 1922, as
follows :—“ Agreeing in size and colour with Vittadini’s
figure; but the sporidia are not oblong, so that there is
some doubt about the species.”

Genus V.—Leot1a. Hill.

Receptacle pileate, supported in the centre, orbicular,
spreading, revolute at the margin, clothed above and at
the margin with the hymenium; hymenium confluent,
undulated or even, persistent ; asci fixed, clavate-cylin-

22 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

drical; sporidia 8, oblong, oblong-fusiform or filiform ;
paraphyses slender. (Plate IT. fig. 5.) ; ;

Stem always present, distinct, wholly diffused into
the receptacle. Pileus somewhat irregular, always free
from the stem, convex, gradually depressed, tumid,
viscous when bearing fruit, soft, margin repand. Sub-
stance fleshy, soft, somewhat tremellose. ,

Gregarious, terrestrial, medium sized, occurring in
summer and autumn; without odour, and insipid; not
edible (vide Fries, “ Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 25).

Name—Supposed to be from Adrne, smoothness.

ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES.
4. Eu-Leotia sia se ais ah ». species 1-2
B, Cudonia . oe . .- +.» )=«—( 84

Key To THE SPEctEs.

Sporidia filiform .. si = os dis eo. circinans.
Sporidia fusiform Ss ae ses dis oe
ee exceeding 1 inch in height, stem filiform -» acicularis.
*\One to two inches in height, stem stout win 2
{pace yellowish green .. a8 oe sis + lubrica,
*\Pileus dark wruginous green .. on ee »- chlorocephala.

A. EU-LEOTIA.

1. Leotia lubrica. Pers,

Gregarious, somewhat cespitose, tremellose ; pileus
tumid, repand, yellow-olivaceous-green; stem at length
hollow, nearly equal, yellow; asci nearly cylindrical ;
moos 8, narrowly elliptic, 25 x 8; paraphyses - fili-

rm.

Leotia lwbrica—Pers., “Syn. Fung.,” p. 613; Pers,
“ Myco. Eur.,” t. ix.; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. 29; Berk.,
“Outl,” t. 22, £1; Grev., “Se Crypt. Flo.,” t. 56; Cooke,
“ Handbk.,” No. 1964, fig. 327; « Mycogr.,” fig. 171;
Karst., “ Myco. Fenn.,” 26; Fekl., “ Symb. Myco.,” p. 284:
Sace., “Myco. Ven. Sp.,” p. 162; Kickx., “ Flo, Flan.,” i.

p. 500; Crouan, “Flo, Fin.,” p. 59: let. Chao.”
pt. i. p. 379. Pp. 59; Quelet, “Champ.,

LEOTIA. 23

Leotia gelatinosa—HilL, “ Hist.,” 43. Elvela lubrica
—Scop., “Carn,” ii. 477. Helvella lutea—Berg., “ Phyt.,”
it. 151. H. gelatinosa—BulL, “Champ.,” p. 296, t. 470,
£ 2; Sow., “Fung.,” t. 70.

Exs.—Karst., “ Fung. Fenn..” 461; Schm. and Kze.,
224; “Erb. Crit. Ital.” 1 45; Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” i. 231;
Moug. and Nest., 583; Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,” 714; Rabh.,
“ Herb. Myco.,” 29; Fckl, “F. Bh.,” 1138; Rav., vi. No. 77;
Berk., “ Brit. Fung.,” 255; Rehm., “ Aseo.,” 101; Winter,
“ Fungi Eur.,” 2405 and 2509 ; Roumg., “ Fung. Gal,” 712;
Phil, “ Elv. Brit.,” 136.

On the ground in woods. Summer and autumn.
Noi edible.

Stem from 1 to 2 inches long, granular with minute
squamules ; at first pulpy within, then hollow.

Name—Lubricus, slimy.

Cambridgeshire (Relham). Balmuto, Scotland (Miss
Boswell). Appin (Capt. Carmichael). Foxhall (Capt.
Wauch). Anglesea (Rev. Hugh Davies). King’s Cliffe,
Penzance, Bungay, Aberystwith, Wicklow, Crundale
(Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Near Bristol (Mir. C. E. Broome).
Twycross (Rev. A. Bloxam). Little Malvern (Mr. Edwin
Lees). North of Ireland (Templeton). Haw Wood, near
Bristol (Mr. C. Bucknall). Shere (Dr. Capron). North
Wootton, Castle Rising (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Epping
Forest (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Wrekin, Salop! woods near
Hereford !

2. Leotia chlorocephala. Schw.

Cespitose; pileus globose, very glabrous, nearly
pellucid, zruginous green; stem very long, twisted,
powdered; asei clavato-cylindrical; sporidia 8, fusi-
form, curved, 3-guttulate, 20—-22X5u; paraphyses fili-
form.

Schw., “Syn.” p. 33; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 30;
Berk. and Curt., “Grevillea,” iii. p. 149; Cooke, “ Mycogr.,”
fig. 174; B. and Br, “Ann Nat. Hist.,” No. 1985;
“ Grevillea,” xi p. 15.

Variable in size, reaching 4 inches in height; the

24 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

pileus and stem dark zruginous green. The Rev. M. J.
Berkeley says the tint of green is so dark that it is
nearly black.

On the ground. Not edible.

Name—yAupée, green, xepadr, a head.

Hampshire (Miss Broadwood).

Form Stevensoni. Berk.

Short, densely czespitose; pileus and stem green.

B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.” No. 1827. Steven.,
“Myco. Scot.,” p. 297. '

On damp ground in woods.

Name—After the Rev. John Stevenson.

Glamis, Hunter’s Hill (Rev. J. Stevenson).

B. CUDONIA, Fries.

8. Leotia circinams. Pers.

Gregarious, somewhat cespitose, or arranged in
circles; pileus fleshy, convex, afterwards undulate;
margin involute, nerves underneath running down into
the stem ; stem fistulose, somewhat powdery; asci clavate ;
sporidia 8, linear, cylindrical, or clavate, straight or
curved, multi-guttulate, 50—60 x 3u; paraphyses filiform,
curved at the apices. (Plate IT. fig. 5.)

Leotia circinans—Pers., “Comm.,” p. 31; “Icon. et
Deser.,” p. 16, t. 5, figs. 5-7; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 27 ;
Steven., “ Myco. Scot.,” p. 297; Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” f. 172.
Cudonia circinans—Fekl., “Symb. Myco.,” 332; Karst.,
“Myco. Fenn.,” p. 25. Leotia gracilis—Pers., “ Myco.
Eur.” 1 198. Helot circinans—Swartz, “Vet. Ac.
Handl.,” 1812, p. 15. Helvella revoluta—Wahl,, “ Ups.,”
p. 464, Leotia lutea—Peck (sub. Vibrissea) in “ Reports
New York Museum”; Cooke in “Bullet. Buff §. N.
Se.,” a Cudonia circinans—Quelet, “ Champ.,” pt. ii.
p- 880.,

Exs.—Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” 153; Rabh., “ Fung.
Eur.,” 38, 312; Fekl., “ F. Rh,,” No. 1139,

LEOTIA. 25

On the ground in fir woods. Autumn. Not edible.

Named from its habit of growing in circles. The
pileus is of a soft fleshy consistence, somewhat rotund,
at times much undulated, variable in colour with age
and dryness, pallid-yellow, sometimes with a fleshy
tinge; stem 1 to 2 inches high, } of an inch thick,
crooked, often sulcate, solid or fistulose, expanding up-
wards into the pileus.

Name—Cirecino, to make round; from growing in

Forres, Scotland ! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Aviemore, Scot-
land! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Glamis, Crane’s Hill, Scot-
land! (Rev. J. Stevenson). Menmuir, Scotland (Rev.
M. J. Berkeley).

4, Leotia acicularis. Pers.

Gregarious or scattered, small, milk-white; pileus
waxy, fragile, undulate-convex, margin straight, under
side granulose; stem simple or branched, becoming
crooked, discoloured ; asci clavate; sporidia 8, fusiform,
biguttulate, becoming pseudo-uniseptate, 25-28 x Au
paraphyses filiform.

Leotia acicularis—Pers., “ Obs.,” ii. p. 20, +. 5, fig. 1;
t. 6, figs. 1, 2. Fungus minimus——Ray., “Sy nL, # Pp. 12 ;
“ Hist.,” iii. p. 24. Helvella acicularis—Bull., ve Champ.

p- 296, 't 473, £1. Helvella agariciformis—Bolt., i ‘ee
t. 98, f. 1; Sow., “Fung.” t. 57. Helotium aciculare—
Pers., “ ‘Syn. Fung.,” 677; “ Myco. Eur.,” 343 : Fries, “Sys.
Myco.,” li. p. 156; A. and 8., 349. Peziza acicularis—
“Eng. Flo.” v. p. 208, Berk., “OutL,” 371, Cooke,
“Handbk.,” No. 2129 ; Steven. “ Myco. Scot., x p. 328.
Cudonia Queletii—Fries, “Teon. Select.,” fas. vi.; Quelet,
“Champ.,” pt. i. p. 380, Gill., “ Champ.,” p. 23, ¢. i, Leotia
sda cam fe Mycogr.,” ‘fig. 369.

Exs.—Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” No. 400 ; Roumg., “ Fung.
Gal.,” 1210.

On decayed stumps of trees, near the ground.
Autumn.

Varying from }4 an inch to 1 inch or more high,

26 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

white, pallid, or rufescent ; the pileus at first plane, with
a slight depression in the centre, then convex, the margin
sometimes undulating, but generally straight; the stem
slender, bent, occasionally branched.

Name—Acicula, a small pin; from its form.

Near Halifax (Bolton). Pophills (Mrs. Rufford).
Appin (Capt. Carmichael). Homstock Wood, King’s
Lynn! (Mr. C. B. Plowright), Attingham Park, Salop !
Almond Park, Salop! Ercall Hill, Salop!

Doubtful Species.

Leotia nédma—With. (dwarf Leotia). Small; pileus
lobed, rugose, white, even beneath, and brown; stem
stuffed, cylindrical, white.

Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 28; With., iv. p. 296.

Amongst moss, on a shady bank.

Pendarvis, Cornwall (Mr. Stackhouse).

“Pileus snowy-white, leathery, hard, crumpled and
deflected in various forms, smooth and brown under-
neath, about 3, of an inch over; stem white, solid,
smooth, not at all wrinkled, } of an inch high, thick as
a crow-quill ” (With, 0. ¢.).

This was included in Berkeley’s “ Outlines,” but ex-
cluded from Cooke’s “ Handbook.” It is placed here on
the chance of some plant being discovered answering to
the description.

Genus VI.—Mirruta. Fries.

Receptacle globose or oval, even, immarginate, concrete
with the stem; substance fleshy; asci cylindrical, or
ee clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, hyaline. (Plate IT.

g. 6.

Small slender plants, of which there are but six
species (now that Dr. Cooke has created the genus
Leploglossum), four of which are British, and are dis-
tinguished from Leotia by having no decided margin to
the receptacle, from Leptoglosswm by the broader and
shorter capitulum, and from Spathularia by the capitu-
lum not being compressed.

MITRULA. 27

On decaying vegetable matter on the ground in damp
places. Spring and autumn. Whether edible or not is
unknown.

Name—Diminutive of pérpa, a little mitre.

Three species ae o ae Se eis - 13

Kery To THE SPECIEs.
Totally white .. a si ae an -. alba.
Stem paler than the pile - paludosa.

Stem as dark or darker than the pileus y os cucullata.

1. Hitrula cucullata (Batsch). Fries.

Head ovate or conical, even, nearly ferruginous ; stem
filiform, flexuous, brown, approaching black, glabrous, or
tomentose downwards ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia
8, narrowly fusiform, bi- or tri-guttulate, 12 xX 3u; para-
physes filiform.

Elvella cucullata—Batsch., “EL,” f. 152. Mitrula
cucullata—Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan,” 347; Berk.,
“OutL,” 360; Cooke, “Handbk.,” 1951; Karst., “Myco.
Fenn.,” p. 28; Fekl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 332; Cooke,
“Mycogr.,” fig. 176; Quelet, “Champ.,” pt. 1, p. 378;
Gill, “Champ.” p. 27,c.i. Mitrula (Heyderia) abietis—
Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” i. p. 4938. M. Heyderi—Pers.,
“Disp.,” 56, t. 3, £ 12; “Flo. Dan,” t. 1670, f. 2. M.
Pusilla—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” i. p. 493. Leotia mitrula
—Pers., “Syn. Fung.,” 611; “ Myco. Eur.,” i. p. 199; A.
and S. 295; Grev., “Flo. Edin.” p. 416; “Se. Crypt.
Flo.,” t. 81. L. pusilla—Nees, “Sys.,” p. 173, t. 17, £. 160.
Geoglossum cucullatum—Fries, “ Elench.,” i. 233; “Eng.
Flo.,” v.179. Clavaria ferruginea—Sow., t. 84.

Exs.—Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” i. 1155; “ Erb. Crit. Ital.,”
i. 466 ; Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” 37, 669 ; Kze. and Schm., 98 ;
Fekl, “F. Bh.,” 1237; Wartm. and Sch., 481; Cooke,
“Fung. Brit.,” 233; Berk., “ Brit. Fung.,” 254; Phil, “ Elv.
Brit.,” No. 53; Karst, “Fung. Fenn.,” 447; Roumg.,
“Fung. Gal,” 713.

-On decaying pine-leaves, Autumn.

A small plant, not more than 2 inches high, very

slender, gregarious. The head varies in form, being ovate,

28 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

globose, subclavate, or conical, of a yellowish red or pale
cinnamon colour, and fleshy texture; the stem is rather
firm, darker in colour than the head, even, solid, and
flexuous.

Name—Cucullus, a hood; from the shape of the
ileus.
: Balmuto, Scotland (Miss Boswell), Near Norwich
(Sowerby). Bungay (D. Stock). Wiltshire (Mr. C. E.
Broome). Castle Rising, Norfolk! (Mr. C. B. Plowright).
Joydens Wood (Mr. F. Currey). Linlithgow; Hunslow,
Middlesex (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Wrekin, Salop!
Penicuick, near Edinburgh !

2. Mitrula paludosa. Fries,

Head ovate, obtuse, inflated, even, yellow or orange
yellow ; stem rather slender, straight or flexous, hollow,
paler than the head; asci subcylindrical; sporidia 8,
nearly fusiform, 12—14 x 3:54; paraphyses filiform.
(Plate II. fig. 6.)

Mitrula spaludosa—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” i. 491;
“Summa Veg. Scan.,” 346; “Eng. Bot.,” v. p. 180; Berk.,
“Outl,” p. 360; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 1952; Huss.,
“Myco.,” i. t. 9; Karst, “Myco, Fenn,” p. 28; Fekl.,
“Symb. Myco.,” 332; Kickx., “ Flo. Flan.,” i. 501; Crouan,
“Flo, Fin,” 58; Cooke, “Mycogr.” fig. 175; Quelet,
“Champ.,” pt. i. p. 378; Gill, “ Champ.,” p. 27, ci; Pat.,
p. 39, £ 7 (spor. bad). Clavaria phalloides—Bull.,
“Champ.,” t. 465, £3. C. epiphylla—Dicks., “Crypt.,”
t. 3, f 10. Leotia Ludwigii—Pers,, “Syn. Fung.,” t. 3,
f. 13. L. Dicksonii, L. Bulliardi, L. laricina—Pers.,
“Syn. Fung,” 612. L. uliginosa—Grev., “Se. Crypt.
Flo.,” t. 312; Pers., “Myco. Eur.,” i. 200.

Exs.—Klotzsch, “ H. M.,” 238; Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” i.
606 ; Rabh., “Herb. Myco.,” 182; Fekl., “F. Rh,” 1286;
Berk., “ Brit. Fung.,” 278; Phil, “Elv. Brit,” 2; Karst.,
“Fung. Fenn.,” 24; Winter, “Fungi Eur.,” 2844; Rehm.,
“ Asco.,” 601; Ellis, “N. A. Fungi,” 433.

On decaying leaves in wet places. Spring to
autumn. Qualities unknown.

MITRULA. 29

Gregarious, czspitose, or solitary, soft, glabrous
hollow, rather brittle, 1 to 3 inches in height ; head very
variable in form, globose, ovate, or broadly clavate ;
summit generally obtuse, bright orange yellow, filled
when young with silky filaments, which disappear with
age, leaving it hollow; stem white, varying from a
yellowish to a pinkish tinge, enlarged upwards, even,
and crooked.

Name—Palus, a marsh; found in marshes.

Kames Castle, Isle of Bute (Dr. Greville). Pitlochrie
(Dr. Thomson). Penzance (Mr. Ralfs). Aboyne, New
Pitsligo (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Bournemouth; St.
George’s Hill, Weybridge (Mr. F. Currey). Keston
Common; Horsham ; Penicuick (Dr. M. C. Cooke). North
of Ireland (Templeton). Baldovan Woods (Gardener).
North Wootton, Norfolk (Dr. John Lowe). Trefrew, North
Wales! Capel Curig, North Wales! Llyn Ogwin, North
Wales!

3. Mitrula alba. Wor. Smith.

Head globose, even, white; stem stuffed, white; asci
cylindrical ; sporidia lanceolate, hyaline, eguttulate,
16 xX 3u.

aia alba—W. G. Smith, “Grevillea,” i. p. 136,
t. 10, lower figure ; Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” fig. 177.

Differs entirely from M. paludosa, Fries, in colour,
and especially in the globose head and stuffed stem (W.
G. Smith, 7. ¢.).

Amongst submerged leaves. April, 1877.

Name—Albus, white.

East Budleigh, Budleigh Salterton (Mr. Cecil H. Sp.
Perceval).

Excluded Spectes.

Mitrula minuta—Sow. (small orange Mitrula). Very
minute ; receptacle lanceolate, orange ; stem equal, pallid.

Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” i. p. 492. Clavaria minuta—
Sow., t. 391.

On the bractez of Dipsacus pilosus.

Rayleigh, Essex (Rev. R._B. Francis).

30 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

I have not been able to find specimens in Mr.
Sowerby’s collection; possibly it may be a state of
Pistillaria micans (“ Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 180).

Genus VII—SpaTHubaria. Pers.

Receptacle vertical, compressed laterally, running
down two opposite sides of the distinct stem ; substance
fleshy-membranaceous ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, filiform,
hyaline; paraphyses filiform. (Plate II. fig. 7.)

The one British species of this genus is easily dis-
tinguished from plants of other allied genera by the
hymenium running down two opposite sides of the stem,
assuming a spoon-like outline owing to its being laterally
compressed. Some species of Leptoglossum and Geo-
glossum are compressed, but the hymenium entirely
surrounds the stem.

Name—Diminutive of o7aOn, a spatula.

1. Spathularia flavida. Pers.

Head spathulate, compressed, nearly even, yellow;
margin crisped or undulated; stem white; asci clavate ;
sporidia 8, acicular-filiform, multi-guttulate, 60—70 x 6
ni ; paraphyses filiform, branched, numerous. (Plate II.

g. 7.

Spathularia flavida—Pers., “Comm.,” p. 34; Fries,
“Sys. Myco.,” i. 491; Grev., “Se. Crypt. Flo.,” + 165 :
“Eng. Flo,” v. p. 179; Price, t. 5, £ 34; D. CG, “Flo.
Fr.,” ii. 95; Berk., “Outl.,” t. 21, f..7; Cooke, “ Handbk..”
No. 1958, fig. 826; Kromb., t v. f. 22; Karst., « Myco.
Fenn,.,” 27 ; Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” fig. 342; Gill, « Champ.,”
p. 26, ¢ i, Elvella clavata—Scheeff,, t. 149, Clavaria
spathulata— Flo. Dan.,” t. 658; Schmidt, “Icon.,” +, 50.
Helvella spathularia—Sow., “ Fung.,” t.35. H. feritoria
—Bolt., t. 97. Spathularia flava—Swartz, “Vet. Ac.
Handl.,” 1812, p. 10. 8. erispa—Corda, “Icon.,” ii. 36
f. 125. S. flavida—Fekl., “Symb. Myco.” p. 33%

Exs.—Rabh., “ Herb. Myco.,” 28; Desm., “ Crypt. Fr.,”
ii. 455; Rabh., “Fung. Eur,” ii. 126; Wartm. and Schw.,

LEPTOGLOSSUM. 3l

215; West and Wall, “H. B.,” 1085; Schm. and Kze.,
194; Berk, “Brit. Fung.” 257; Fekl, “Fung. RBh.,”
1148 ; Cooke, “Fung. Brit.” i. 470; Klotsch., “ H. M.,”
815; Rehm., “ Asco.,” 426; Phil. “ Elv. Brit.’ 3; Thum.,
“ Fung. Aus.,” 425; Roumg., “Stirpes,” 326.

On dead fir-leaves and amongst moss in damp woods.
July to October.

Gregarious, 3 to 5 inches high; pileus hollow, yellow,
rarely reddish, much compressed, more or less of an
erect obovate form, slightly inflated, undulated, or even
lacunose, sometimes bifid, or inclining to be lobed. The
stem appears to pass along and eventually penetrate the
pileus half-way down or near the summit; sporidia dis-
charged elastically (Grev.).

Name—Flavus, light yellowish.

Costessey, near Norwich (Sowerby). Round Edin-
burgh (Dr. Greville). Malvern (Mr. Edwin Lees). Lax-
ton, Northamptonshire (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Wey-
bridge, East Bergholt (Mr. Frederick Currey). Wiltshire
(Mr. C. E. Broome). Dinmore, Herefordshire! woods
near Ludlow (Mrs. Price). Invergordon, Scotland (Miss
Joss). Dinedor, Herefordshire (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Near
Carlisle! (Dr. Carlyle). Castle Rising, Norfolk ! (Mr. C,
B. Plowright).

Genus VIII.—Lertoctossum. Cooke.

_ Receptacle clavate, cylindrical, or compressed, brightly
coloured, produced downwards into a distinct stem ;
hymenium concrete with and covering the incrassated
upper portion; asci cylindrical or clavate ; sporidia 8,
hyaline. (Plate IT. fig. 8.) ;

Leptoglossum—Cooke in “ Mycogr.,” p. 250, revised
in litt.

The plants of this genus are distinguished easily from
those of Geoglossum (Cooke; non Fries), by the brighter
colour (never black).

Name—Aemrée, fine, yAwooa, tongue; resembling a
slender tongue.

32 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Key To THE SPECIES.

Hymenium eruginous green .. “es sca ws viride.
Hymenium smoky olive or dingy purple oe .. olivaceum.

1. Leptoglossum viride. (Pers.)

Fasciculate, verdigris-green ; receptacle distinct ; stem
squamulose ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong-
elliptic, hyaline, 15 x 54; paraphyses filiform, hardly
enlarged upwards. (Plate II. fig. 8.) :

Geoglossum viride—Pers., “Comm.,” p. 40; Fries,
“Sys. Myco.,” i. 48; Weinm., “Hym.,” p. 498; Grev.,
“Se. Crypt. Flo,” t. 211; Sturm, “Flo,” t. 48; Nees,
“ Sys.,” t. 17, p. 158; “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 179; Berk,
“OutL,” p. 361; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 1956 ; “ Mycogr.,”
tig. 14; Kickx., “Flo. Flan.,” i. 501; Seer., “ Mycogr.,”
iii. 621; Fekl., “Symb. Myco.,” 284; Quelet, “Champ.,”
p. 377; Pat., p. 29, £66. Mitrula viridis-—Karst., “Myco.
Fenn.,” i. 29. Clavaria mitrata viridis—Holms., “ Ot.,”
p. 24 C. viridis—“Flo. Dan.,” t. 1258, f. 1. C. Ser-
pentina—Mul.., “ Zool. Dan.,” p. 256. Leotia geoglossoides
—Corda, “Icon.,” iii. p. 37, t. vi. f£. 94. Microglossum
viridi—Gill, “Champ.,” p. 26, ¢. i.

Exs.—Fekl., “F. Rh.,” 1140; Rehm., “ Asco.,” 151;
Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” 524 and 1625; Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,”
i, 423 ; Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” 449; Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,”
ed. ii. 395; Phil. “Elv. Brit.,” 54.

On the ground in woods, amongst moss and decaying
leaves. Autumn. Qualities unknown.

From 1 to 3 inches high; about 4} of an inch in
broadest part. The club-shaped head is generally obtuse
at the summit, and terminates abruptly and unevenly
at the base, occupying about one-third to one-half the
entire length of the plant, not unfrequently compressed,
glabrous, and, when wet, slippery; the stem is cylindrical,
squamulose, rather paler than the head; the flesh is also
green; the asci are narrowly clavate; the sporidia
elliptic-oblong ; paraphyses abundant; gelatina hymenia
greenish. The sporidia in my Herefordshire specimens
did not exceed the size given above, but Dr. Cooke
(“ Mycogr.”) gives 30 x 10u.

LEPTOGLOSSUM. 33

Name—Viridis, green.

Near Melrose (Mr. Walter Arnott). Appin (Capt.
Carmichael). Coed Coch; Holm Lacy; Bristol ; Aberyst-
with ; Kilmory, Fern, N.B. (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Corby
Castle, Cumberland, and about Carlisle (Dr. Carlyle).
Tyntesfield, near Bristol (Mr. C. Bucknall). Dinmore,
Hereford! Moccas Woods, near Hereford! (Mr. C. B.
Plowright).

2. Leptoglossum olivacewm. (Pers.)

Glabrous, dry, smoky olive; stem glabrous, yellowish
brown, base slightly incrassated, whitish; club com-
pressed, distinct, as long or longer than the stem, in
growing old greenish black, white within; asci cylin-
draceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic, hyaline,. con-
tinuous, 25 x 84; paraphyses filiform.

Geoglossum olivaceum—Pers., “ Obs. Myco.,” i. p. 40,
t. 5, fig. 7; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,”i. p. 419; Weinm., “ Hym.,”
498; Berk., “Outl.,” t. 22, £3; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No.
1957; “Mycoor.,” fig. 13; Pat., p. 29, f 65; Price,
t. 16, £102. Microglossum olivacewm—Gill, “ Champ.,”
p. 26,01

Exs.—Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,” i. 650, and ed. ii 396;
Phil, “Ely. Brit.,” 5; Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,” 1820.

On the ground in open grassy places. Autumn.

Gregarious or cespitose, from 14 to 2 inches high.
The club, though distinct from the stem, passes gradually
into it without any marked depression ; it is compressed,
sometimes sulcate, and twisted, very variable in outline,
about } of an inch thick. The stem is cylindrical, usually
paler than the club, one-third to three-quarters of the
entire height, } of an inch thick.

Name— Oliva, an olive; from the olivaceous colour.

B. purpurewm—Berk. in “Outl,” t. 22, f 2, differs
only in colour, which is dingy purple; but, as the colour
of the type is very variable—brown, olive, or purple—it
is better to take no account of these differences, further
than calling attention to the fact.

Name—Purpureus, purple-coloured.

34 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Coed Cdch, Aberystwith, North Wales; Fern, N.B.
(Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Pastures near Ludlow! Moccas
Park, Herefordshire! Bristol (Mr. C. E. Broome). Holm
Lacy, Herefordshire (Dr. M. C. Cooke).

Genus IX.—GeEoaLossum. Pers.

Receptacle clavate, cyclindrical or compressed, black,
produced .downwards into a distinct stem; hymenium
concrete with and covering the incrassated upper por-
tion; asci cyclindrical or clavate; sporidia 8, coloured
or hyaline, (Plate II. fig. 9.)

Name—yj, the earth, yAwoaa, a tongue ; earth-tongue.

ARRANGEMENT OF THE Sprciss.
4. Sporidia brown oe Pe ze .» species 1-5

B. Sporidia hyaline » 6-7
Key T0 THE SPECIES.
-Hymenium hairy a fe ae ae -. hirsutum,
Hymenium glabrous a ss fe ae
Sporidia brown, 7-septate {5 ae oe ie 8
1. { Sporidia brown, 3-septate a ss is <n ie
Sporidia hyaline .. oe Sis a - . 4
Paraphyses linear 2 os 3 es +. difforme.
*\Paraphyses moniliform .. oe os ms +. glabrum.
3 {Paso pyriform.. a a5 a -» glutinosum. .
* \Paraphyses globose we és ae ae .. viscosum,
4 (Piek tremellose tremellosum.
*\Flesh not tremellose microsporum.

A. SPORIDIA BROWN.

1. Geoglosswum hirsutum. Pers.

Hirsute, black ; club often elongated, compressed, or
nearly round, capitate, plicate; asci cylindraceo-clavate ;
sporidia 8, fasciculate, linear, slightly curved, 15-septate,
brown, 150 x 64; paraphyses septate, slightly enlarged
at the curved or circinate apices. (Plate II. fig. 9.)

Geoglossum hirsutwm—Pers., “ Comm.,” p. 87; “Syn.
Fung.,” p. 608; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” i, 488; Weinm.,
“Hym.,” 496; Nees, “Sys,” t. 17, £157; Purt., “ Midl.
Fle.,” vols. ii, and iii. No. 1059; Grev., “Se. Crypt. Flo.,”

GEOGLOSSUM. 35

t. 185; “Eng. Flo,” v. 178; Berk. “Outl,” t 22, f.
12; Loudon, f. 16184; Cooke’s “ Handbk.,” No. 1861;
“Mycogr.,” fig. 3; Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” i. 31; Fekl.,
“Symb. Myco.,” 333; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 24, ¢ i; Pat.,
p. 29,£68. Clavaria simplex hirsuta—Schmidt, “Icon.,”
t. 25, f. 1-19. C. ophioglossoides—Holms., “ Ot.,” p. 18;
Sow., “ Fung.,” t. 13; Scheeff., “Icon.,” t. 327. C. atra—
Schrad. in Pers., “Comm.,” p. 37; Humb., “Flo. Frib.,”
p. 114.

Exs.—Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” 451; Fekl, “F. Rh.,”
1141; West and Wall, “H. B.,” 1084; “Erb. Crit. Ital.,”
i, 975; Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” i. 420; Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,”
ii. 523; Rabh., “Herb. Myco.,” 237; Schm. and Kze., 122;
Klotzsch, “H. M.,” 44; Roumg., “Stirpes.,” 63; Cooke,
“Fung. Brit.,” ed. ii. 393

Cespitose, 2 to 3 inches high; club oblong or ovate,
generally compressed, distinct from, but passing gradu-
ally into, the stem, often 4 an inch broad, black, hairy ;
stem cylindrical, ,', to ,3; of an inch thick, covered with
short black hairs. The sporidia are elongated, nearly
cylindrical, obtuse at the ends, brown, septate. The
paraphyses are septate, curved at the apices, which are
obtuse, brown, and thicker than the lower portion.
Rigid black hairs tapering upwards are intermixed with
the paraphyses.

‘Name—Hirsutus, hairy.

Bryndulas, Cwm Bychan, Penzance, Thornhaugh,
Notts, Reigate, and Brighton (Rev. M. J. Berkeley).
Twycross (Rev. A. Bloxam). Abergavenny (Dr. M. C.
Cooke). Foxhall (Herb. Kew). North Wootton; Rack-
heath; Little Plumstead; and Woodbastwick, Norfolk!
(Mr. C. B. Plowright). Around Carlisle (Dr. Carlyle).
Lawns near Hereford! General Cemetery, Shrewsbury!
pastures about Ludlow!

2. Geoglossum difforme. Fries.
Gregarious, glabrous, even, slightly viscid, black;
club difformed, compressed, obtuse, distinct; asci cylin-
draceo-clavate; sporidia 8, linear, straight, or slightiy

36 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

. curved, 7-septate, brown, 110 x 7u; paraphyses filiform,
septate, flexuous above. ios

Geoglossum difforme—Fries, “Obs. Myco.,” i. 159;
“ Sys. Myco.,” i. 489 ; “ Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 178; Kromb., t. 54,
f. 28, 29; Berk. “Outl,” 362; Cooke, “ Handbk.,”
No. 1962; “Mycoer.,” fig. 7; Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” i. 31;
Price, t. 18, £ 117; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 25, ¢ i.

Exs.—Berk., “ Brit. Fung.,” 256; Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,”
481, ed. ii. 394,

On the ground in grassy places. Autumn.

Ceespitose, 1 to 4 inches high; club difformed, bent,
irregular, somewhat viscid, especially when moist, with-.
out hairs, black ; stem one-half to three-quarters of the
entire height of the plant, cylindrical, even; the brown,
elongated, nearly cylindrical sporidia ‘adhere in bundles ;
the septate paraphyses are not enlarged at the apices,
nor very deeply coloured.

Distinguished from G. Glabrum by its longer sporidia,
and the apices of the sporidia not being moniliform;
from G. glutinosum by its longer sporidia, and paraphyses
not being pyriform at the apices; and from G. viscosum
by the more numerous septa-of the sporidia and the
apices of the paraphyses.

Name—Dis and forma, of irregular shape, deformed.

Boughton House, Northamptonshire; Bristol; Wood-
newton; Lampeter; Bungay; and Bryndulas (Rev. M. J.
Berkeley). Fern (Rev. J. Furguson). North Wootton,
Ringstead Downs! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Crosshill,
near Carlisle (Dr. Carlyle). Wrekin, Salop! lawns near
Hereford !

3. Geoglossum glabrum. Pers.

Subgregarious, glabrous, dry, blackish; stem some-
what squamulose; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8,
linear, straight, or slightly curved, 7-septate, brown,
85—90u long; paraphyses linear, thickened at the
apices, the four upper cells oval, concatenate,

Geoglossum glabrum—Pers., “Obs. Myco.,” ii. p. 61;
Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” i 488; Weinm., « Hym.,” 497 :

GEOGLOSSUM. 37

“Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 178; Krombh., t. 5, f. 20, 21; Fekl.,
“Symb. Myco.,” 333; Berk., “Outl,” 362; Price, t. 3,
f£. 17; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 1960; Kickx., “Flo. Flan.,”
i. 501; Seer., “ Mycogr.,” iii. 621; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 25,
c.1.; Pat. p. 29, £67. Clavaria ophioglossoides—Bull.,
“Champ.,” t. 372; Bolt., “Fung,” t. 211, f. 1; “Flo.
Dan.,” t. 1076, £. 2; Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” fig. 1.

Exs.—Fekl, “F. Rh.,” 1142; Schm. and Kze., 97;
Moug. and Nest., 684; Phil, “Elv. Brit.” 55; Roumg.,
“ Stirpes,” 262; Ellis, “N. A. Fungi,” 980.

On the ground in grassy places. Autumn.

Gregarious, 1 to 3 inches high; club lanceolate, passing
gradually into the even stem, blackish; stem rather
slender, crooked, cylindrical, half to two-thirds the entire
height of the plant, rather squamulose; sporidia cylin-
drical, rounded at the ends, brown, usually 7-septate,
adhering together in a bundle; paraphyses remarkable
from the four or five upper cells being larger, constricted
at the joints, almost beaded, and brown.

Name— Glaber, smooth.

Near Halifax (Bolton). Scotland (Klotzsch in “ Hook.
Herb.”). Near Bungay (Mr. Stock). Malvern (Mr.
Edwin Lees). North ot Ireland (Templeton). Wood-
newton, Northamptonshire; Coed Coch; Crundale;
Ascot; Holm Lacy ; and Memmuir (Rev. M. J. Berkeley).
Twycross (Rev. A Bloxham). fPaul’s Cray Common
(Mr. F. Currey). Castle Rising! (Mr. C. B. Plowright).
Abergavenny! (Mr. J. Renney). Whitcliffe, near Lud-
low! Wrekin, Salop!

4. Geoglossum viscosum. Pers.

Glabrous, viscid, black; club cylindrical, confluent
with the stem, afterwards slightly thickened, olivaceous-
black below ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, linear,
rounded at the ends, straight, or slightly curved, 3-sepiate,
brown; 80 X 954; paraphyses filiform, non-septate,
globose apices.

Geoglossum viscoswm—Pers., “Comm.,” p. 59; Fries,
“Sys. Myco.,” i. 439; “ Epic,” i. p. 583; Grev., “Se. Crypt.

38 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Flo.,” t. 55; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 1959; Fekl.,“Symb.
Myco.,” 333; Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” fig. 10; Gill., “Champ.,”
p. 25,64

On the ground, mountain pastures, ete. Autumn.

Subgregarious, 2 to 3 inches high; club broadly
fusiform, obtuse at the apex, passing imperceptibly into
the stem, black, rarely forming more than one-fourth of
the entire height of the plant; stem rather slender
(about 4 of an inch), glabrous, cylindrical, slimy, espe-
cially in moist weather, paler towards the base, where it
is brownish. The globose apices of the paraphyses is a
eharacter which at once distinguishes this species from
@. glutinosum and G. difforme.

Name—Viscum, bird-lime, coated with a tenacious
liquid, sticky.

Foxhall (Capt. Wauch). Terrington, Norfolk! (Mr.
C. B. Plowright).

5. Geoglossum glutinosum. Pers.

“Champ.,” p. 25, ¢. i.

Exs.—Klotasch, “Exs.,” 641; Desm., “ Crypt. Fr.,” i.
422; Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” No. 450. ;

On the ground in grassy places. Autumn.

Gregarious, 1 to 2 inches high ; club oblong-lanceolate
obtuse at the summit, viscid, compressed, black, oceupy-
ing rather more than one-third of the entire height of
the plant, passing imperceptibly into the viscid, slender
cylindrical stem, which is brownish black. The sporidia
adhere in a bundle, are generally 3-septate, brown;

GEOGLOSSUM. 39

apices of paraphyses nearly pear-shape, brown, and not
septate.

Name—Gluten, glue = glutinous.

Bristol, Coed Coch (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Hanham
Woods, near Bristol (Mr. C. E. Broome). Mousehold
Heath and South Wootton Heath, Norfolk! (Mr. C. B.
Plowright). Hanham (Mr. Cedric Bucknall).

B. SPORIDIA HYALINE.

6. Geoglosswm microsporwm. Cooke and Peck.

Glabrous, somewhat viscid; club obtuse, distinct ;
stem slightly squamulose; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8,
2-seriate, crowded, cylindrical, a little curved, hyaline,
faintly 7-septate, 50 xX 10; paraphyses filiform, straight,
not enlarged at the apices. :

Geoglossum microsporum—Cooke and Peck,“ Twenty-
fifth Report New York Mus. Nat. Hist.”; Cooke,
“ Mycogr.,” fig. 11.

On the ground. Autumn.

Name—pixpéc, small, odpoc, seed; from the small
sporidia.

Hanham, Clifton! (Mr. C. Bucknall).

7. Geoglossum tremellosum. Cooke.

Glabrous, tremellose, black, contiguous; club sub-
compressed, hollow ; stem even, glutinous, the same colour ;
asci clavate; sporidia fusiform, straight or curved,
hyaline, 30—32 X 5u, at length 5 to 7-septate; para-
physes linear.

Geoglossum tremellosum—Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” fig. 347.
Geoglossum microsporum, var., tremelloswm—Cooke in
“ Grevillea,” iv. p. 109.

On the ground.

Name—Tremulus, trembling; from shaking when
agitated.

Rannock, N.B. (Dr. Buchanan White).

40 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Genus X.—Raurzina. Fries.

Sessile, effused like a crust, afterwards bullato-inflated,
determinate, hymenium occupying the upper surface;
under side furnished with root-like fibrils; flesh firm,
persistent ; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, large. (Plate IT.
fig. 10.

On the earth or on wood.

Large (from 1 to 3 inches), persistent.

Name—piZa, a root; from the root-like fibrils which
clothe more or less of the under surface, attaching it to
the ground.

1. Rhizina undulata. Fries.

Effused, undulate, bay-brown; margin inflexed,
flocculose beneath, and pallid; asci cylindrical; sporidia
8, fusiform, sub-acute, 2-guttulate, at length pseudo-
septate, 30—35 X 9u; paraphyses filiform, enlarged and
brown at the apices, which adhere firmly together:
(Plate IT. fig. 10.)

Rhizina undulata—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 33;
Scheff, t. 153; Pers., “Myco. Eur,” p. 216; Tul. “ Hyp.,”
t. 21, f. 16; Curr, “Linn. Trans.,” xxiv. p. 493, t. 51,
f. 7-9; Fekl, “Symb. Myco.,” p. 332; Cooke, “ Handbk.,”
No. 1963 ; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 28, c.i.; Pat., p. 209, £ 479.

Exs.—Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.” Nos. 39 and 725; Phil,
“Elv. Brit..” No. 56; Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,” ser. ii, No.
400; Winter, “ Fungi Eur.,” 2750; Rehm., “ Asco.,” 701.

On gravelly and sandy soil that has recently been
exposed to fire,

‘Varying in size from } an inch to 3 inches broad.
At first orbicular, plane, with a whitish margin; when
mature convex, undulate, and irregular in outline. The
rhizinge are coarse fibres occupying the greater part of
the under surface, but absent for a certain distanee
from the margin, which is tomentose and rufous; when
dry the hymenium becomes black and hard. The fusi-
form sporidia have a thick epispore, especially at the
extremities, and are faintly coloured. The paraphyses

PEZIZA. 41

adhere by their summits being apparently held together
by a brownish “gelatina hymenia,” and at intervals
occur some which are brown throughout their whole
length, and non-septate. These deserve more careful
examination in the fresh state, as their function may be
to convey from the subhymenial tissue the brown
“ gelatina hymenia ” alluded to above.

Name— Undulatus, waved.

Ascot Heath (Mr. Frederick Currey). Wrekin,
Shropshire !

2. Rhizina levigata. Fries.

Orbicular, even, brown; margin prominent, granulose
beneath; fibrils pallid; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, fusi-
form, acuminate, bi-guttulate, uni-seriate, hyaline ; para-
physes filiform.

Rhizina levigata—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 33; Pers.,
“Myeo. Eur.,” p. 217; Cooke, “Grevillea,” ii. p. 162, . 22,
fig. 1. Octospora rhizophora—Hedw., “Mus. Frond.,” ii.
t. 5, f. A.

Exs.—Winter, “Fungi Eur.,” 2406; Dr. Cooke, “On
Stumps”; Fries, “Ad terram araneosam.”

Scarcely exceeding 1 inch in breadth. The only
British specimen I have seen is from Glamis, N.B., which
has sporidia in no way differing from R. undulata.

Name—JLevis, even; from the even hymenium.

Order II.—PEZIZZ.

Receptacle concave, plane, or convex, sessile or stipitate,
fleshy or waxy; hymenium on the upper surface ; asci
fixed, cylindrical, or clavate; sporidia usually 8.

Receptacle adfixed by the centre, rarely by the whole
under surface, or supported on a stem, more or less con-
cave, often becoming plane or even convex ; substance
fleshy or waxy, not gelatinous or cartilaginous ; asci not
ejected; sporidia hyaline.

Differs from Helvellacet by the concave or plane

42 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

receptacle; from Ascobolw by the fixed asci; from Bul-
garice by not being gelatinous or subcartilaginous; from
Dermateew by the softer texture; and from Patellarie
by colour, texture, and form.

Name—FPezica (from wéZa, the foot, bottom, base,
that which rests on its base, sessile), a word used by
Pliny to denote various kinds of puff-balls (vide
Houghton, “Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,” 1885). The name
has now acquired a widely different meaning.

OrpER oF 1HE GENERA IN PeEziz@.

Serres I.—Nup&. Sserms IL.—VEstiTx.
Not clothed with hairs. Clothed with hairs.
I. Peziza. VIII. Lachnea.
IL. Psilopezia. IX. Lachnella.
III. Hymenoseypha. X. Tapesia.
IV. Chlorosplenium. XL Desmazierella.
V. Belonidium. XII. Pérottza.
VI. Helotium.
VII. Mollisia,
Key To THE GENERA OF PEZIZZ&.
Applanate, immarginate, affixed by thecentre .. Pailopezia.
More or less cup-shaped Oe ee nf - ol
1, {Exterior not hairy (though sometimes tomentose) 2
; (Exterior hairy, villous, or tomentose es es
Fleshy, for the most part large ; sporidia large .. Peziza.
2. ; Fleshy, or rarely waxy, sessile ; sporidia minute .. Mollisia.
Waxy, or between waxy and fleshy.. a . 8
Stem distinct and slender, not green es .. Hymenoscypha.
Stem distinct and slender, preen .. se »» Chlrosplenium.
3.<Stem absent, or short and thick; sporidia simple, or
rarely 1-septate a sie . Helotium.

Stem absent or short, sporidia 3 or more septate 1. Belonidium.

Seated on a distinct tapesium re ae .. Tapesia.
4 Pilose fleshy, mostly large or medium size .. DLachnea.
* ) Villous or tomentose, mostly small, not black .. LDLachnella.
Setulose, blackish .. ss ss es » 5
5 eae as well as exterior, setulose .. «. Desmazierella.
*\Hymenium not setulose ss le oe. -. Pirottza.

Serres L—NUD.

Fleshy or fleshy-membranaceous, externally glabrous,
pruinose, or floccoso-furfuraceus,

PEZIZA. 43

Genus [—Peziza. Dill (“ Gen.,” p. 74).

Receptacle marginate, cup-shaped, at first closed,
afterwards expanding; epidermis thin, contiguous, gla-
brous, pruinose, or floccoso-furfuraceus, persistent, distinct;
asel large, distinct, fixed, enclosing 8 sporidia, which are
soon elastically ejected ; paraphyses filiform, intermixed
with the asci. Cups adfixed by the centre, often stipitate,
freely unfolding, more or less concave, often becoming
plane; hymenium smooth (not villous or pulveraceous),
differing in colour ; substance fleshy-membranaceous, not
waxy or gelatinous. (Plate V. figs. 11-22).

Name—See p. 42.

ARRANGEMENT OF SUBGENERA.

I, Acetabula .. es es ss .. species 1-3
Il. Tarzetta a ai a ae i » 4-10
TIL. Otidea ie es a on a » 11-16
IV. Cochlearia .. cit sh a ua >» 17-29
V. Discina ave ee a es ae » 9380-35
VI. Galactinia .. ate se ss ie » 9386-37
'VIL Pustularia .. ae ass a ia s 388-43
VUI. Geoscypia .. st oe i eer >» 44-57
IX. Humaria.. So v6 au a » 98-97
X. Pyronema .. oe ne era es » 98-104
Key To THE SUBGENERA.
Stipitate re a ae ae |
Sessile or substipitate. . sis ahs #5 at 12
1. Fees stout Se 3 8 33 St -. Acetabula.
Stem slender .. .. Tarzetta.
9. Yielding a coloured fluid when wounded . .. Galactinia.
Yielding a colourless fluid when wounded. . sw od
3, {Cups elongated on one side .. 8 ais .. Otidea.
{Cubs not elongated on one side... es ole
4. Cups large ek a)
(eats amall, rarely exceeding ‘5 lines broad. . os
5. Turfuraceous or verrucose, entire .. as .. Pustularia.
ete or farinose .. os . 6
Flexuous, esespitose-contorted, sessile ae .. Cochlearia.
6. {Plane or repand, sessile or substipitate .. .. Discina.
Smaller, entire or lobed, sessile e .- Geoscypha.

1. Base surrounded by a delicate white. web . .. Pyronema,
Base without a white web round it . an .. Humaria.

44 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

SusaEnus L—AcetaBuna. Fckl.

Cup entire, naked; stem stout, distinct, often sulecate.

Key To THE SPECIES.

Stem sulcate, equal, or broader below ee .. acetahulum.
Stem not sulcate, attenuated below .. bs .. ‘insolita,
Stem sub-attenuated below, with slender rooting fibrils Percevali.

1. Peziza acetabulum. Linn.

Cyathiform, dingy, ribbed externally with branching
veins, which run up from the short, lacunose, fistulose
stem; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, 18—20 x 12u;
paraphyses incrassated upwards. (Plate III. fig. 11.)

Peziza acetabulum—Linn., “Spec. Plant.,” ii. 1650;
Bull, “Champ.,” p. 267, t. 485, f 4; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,”
11.44; Sow., “ Fung.,” t. 59; “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 187; Berk.,
“Outl.,” 362; Price, fig. 72; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 1964;
“Mycogr.,” fig. 183; Vitt. “Mang.,” t. 30, fig. 2; Kromb.,
“Schw.,” t. 61, f. 23-26; Pat., p. 70, £162. Fungoides
acetabuliforme—Vaill., “Bot.,” t. 18, £ 1. <Acetabula
vulgaris—Fekl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 330; Sacc., “Myco.
Ven. Sp.,” p. 168. <Alewrea acetabulum—Gill, “Champ.,”
p. 36, & i.

Exs.—Fckl, “F. Rh.,” 1231, 2084; Cooke, “Fung.
Brit.,” i. 556, ii. 182; Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,” 316; Phil,
“Ely. Brit.,” 6; Rav., “Fung. Am.,” 764; Roumg., “ Fung.
Gal.,” 2275.

’ On the ground in spring. Esculent.

Cup 2 inches broad, 13 inches high, externally floccoso-
furfuraceus, light umber, darker within, mouth con-
tracted, firm, tough, flesh not very thick; stem 4 an inch
high, smooth, deeply, but regularly costato-lacunose ; the
ribs branching at the top and forming reticulations on
the outside of the cup, so as to present the appearance of
a cluster of pillars supporting a font or roof, with fret-
work between them (“ Eng. Flo.”).

External cells of the cup concatenate, with their free
extremities breaking up, so as to give a farinose appear-
ance to the surface (Dr. Cooke, J. ¢.).

PEZIZA. 45

Name—Acetabulum, vinegar cup; shaped like a cup.

Sand Hutton, Yorkshire (Rev. M. Budstone). King’s
Cliffe, Northamptonshire ; Kingerswell, Devonshire (Rev.
M. J. Berkeley). Pitlochrie and Cluny, N.B. (D.
Thomson). Wiltshire (Mr. C. E. Broome). Hitchin
(Professor Henslow). White Notley (Mr. A. Irvine).
Ashton Court, Bristol (Mr. C. Bucknall). Framingham
Earl; Sprowston; Castle Rising, Norfolk! (Mr. C. B.
Plowright). General Cemetery, Shrewsbury! near
Ludlow (Miss Price).

2. Peziza imsolita. Cooke.

Stipitate, fleshy, fragile, whitish, clavate, then pyriform,
becoming cyathiform; stem thick, attenuated below;
hymenium ochery-white; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8,
elliptic, hyaline, 22—25 x 10—12u; paraphyses filiform,
short, septate.

Peziza imsolita—Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” fig. 375.

On decayed leaves amongst mould in a fig-house.

December.

Cup 1 inch high, $ an inch or more in diameter;
cells of cups 12 x 10u; the paraphyses shorter than the
asci. A white mycelium runs amongst the leaves on
which it grows (Cooke).

Name—Jnsolita, unusual.

Castle Gardens, N.B. (Rev. J. Stevenson). Kelvedon,
Essex (Dr. M. C. Cooke).

8. Peziza Percevali. Berk. and Cooke.

Solitary ; cup at length expanded, somewhat pruinose.
the margin closely inflexed ; stem somewhat thick, sub-
attenuated below, with slender rooting fibrils; asci
clavato-cylindrical; sporidia elliptic (?); paraphyses
thickened above, brownish.

Peziza Percevali.Berk. and Cooke, “Mycogr.,” fig.
192. Peziza ciboriwum—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. 59 (partly),
var. major ; B. and Br. in “Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 1479
“ Grevillea,” iii. p. 119.

On the ground.

46 DISCOMYCETES.

Cup 1} inches broad; stem 1 to 14 inches long, }
inch and more thick, terminated by a few rooting fibrils ;
sporidia immature, according to Berkeley, 25 x 12un,
apparently elliptical, larger than in P. ciborium; the
asci are considerably larger, and of a different character
(Cooke).

On the ground (Mr. H. C. Spencer Perceval in Herb.
Berk.). On a lawn under lime-trees, Glamis Castle
(Rev. J. Stevenson).

Supeenus II.—Tarzetra. Cooke.

Cup nearly entire, naked, stipitate; stem slender,
varying in length, erect or rooting. (Plate III. fig. 12.)
Name— (?) Tazzetta (Ital.), a little cup.

ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES,
A. Stem erect.

(a) Sporidia elliptic, rough oie «+ species 4
(0) Sporidia elliptic, smooth one <i » 5-7
B. Stem rooting:
(a) Sporidia elliptic, smooth zs ee » 8-10
Key To THe Spscizs,
Stem erect... a a5 Be a ais « 1
Stem rooting $e ae as ae a 8
Margin lobed ; sporidia rough .. Ns os +. petaloidea.
1, {Margin entire ; sporidia smooth on oe «. muralis,
Margin crenulate iy ae se dis 2
Fawn colour, farinose .. as as oe 2 laris,
2. {rion colour, glabrous .. ake ey 3 pees
Cup turbinate; flesh thick, very fragile esi ammophila.

Cup becoming plane or defiexed ; flesk thin, fragile. ; rapulum.
Cup always concave, flesh thin, fragile; stem shorter
than two preceding : v8 as ae

3.

carbonaria,

A. STEM ERECT.
(a) Sporidia elliptic, rough.
4. Peziza petaloidea (nov. sp.). Cooke and Phil.

Cup expanded, lobate, fleshy, firm ; hymenium rugose
sub-umbilicate, yellowish brown, margin deflexed ; stem
rather slender, enlarged upwards into the rugose base of

the cup; externally verrucose, fuliginous brown 3 asci

PEZIZA. 47

cyclindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, minutely asperate,
15 x 8u; paraphyses filiform.

On the earth. Spring.

This has somewhat the aspect of Peziza firma in sn
old stage of growth. The cup is lobed, undulate, de-
curved at the margin; the disc is umbilicate, radiately
wrinkled, 8 lines broad across the widest part; the
under side of the cup is smoky brown, minutely warted,
wrinkled longitudinally near its junction with the stem,
which tapers towards the base, and is 5 lines high and
about 1 line thick near the middle.

Name—véradov, a petal, eidoc, likeness; from the
lobed margin.

East Bergholt, Suffolk! in the herbarium of the
Rev. M. J. Berkeley, February 2, 1852.

(b) Sporidia elliptic, smooth,
5. Peziza cupularis, Linn.

Cup globose-campanulate, thin; hymenium fawn-
coloured or pallid, externally farinose ; margin crenate ;
stem slender, erect, sometimes rooting or nearly obsolete ;
asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, 1 to 2-guttulate,
smooth, 18 X 10u; paraphyses filiform, clavate apices.
(Plate ITI. fig. 12.)

Peziza cupularis—Linn., “Suec.,” No. 1273; Fries,
“Sys. Myco.,” ii. 64; Pers., “Obs.,” iit. 4, £ 6,7; Vaill,
“ Bot.,” t. ii. £173; Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 42; Weinm.,
“Hym.,” p. 423; “Eng. Flo.” v. p. 189; Berk., “ Outl,”
365, t. 1. f. 2; Price, f. 79; Cooke, “Handbk.,” 1990;
“Mycogr.,” t. 286; Pat, p. 71, f 165 (@. <Aleuria
cupularis—Gill, “Champ.,” p. 39,¢.i. Peziza crenata—
Bull, t. 396, f. 3. Peziza vulcanalis—Peck. in Haydn’s
“Geol. Report,” 1872. Pustularia cupularis—ckl.,
“Symb. Myco.,” p. 328.

Exs.—Kehm., “Asco.,”” 8; Fekl, “F. Rh.,” 1878;
Phil. “ Elv, Brit.” 155.

On the earth in damp places. Spring and autumn.

Sometimes yellowish; stem } of an inch high, } of

48 DISCOMYCETES.

an inch thick, sometimes obsolete; pileus pale buff,
thin, transparent, scalloped at the edge, shaped like the
cup of an acorn, about 1 inch in diameter (Withering).

- Name—Cupula, a little cup.

Shrubbery, in mossy turf, Edgbaston (Withering) ;
Apethorpe, Milton (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Caistor (Hen-
derson). Bowood, Wiltshire (Mr. Currey). Salhouse,
Norfolk (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Taverham, Norfolk (Mr.
C. B. Plowright). Brockley Comb, near Bristol (Mr. C.
Bucknall), Wrekin! Kingsland, Shrewsbury! Hereford!

6. Peziza carnea (nov. sp.). Cooke and Phil.

Cup cyathiform, rather thin, firm, glabrous, flesh-
coloured, margin crenate, erect; stem rather long,
slender, expanding into the decurrently wrinkled base
of the cup; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth,
13 x 6u; paraphyses filiform, curved at the summit.

Peziza cwpularis—L. var. in Herb. Berk., Milton.

Cup from 5 to 10 lines broad; stem from 3 to 6 lines
high, and about 1 line thick.

Name—Cavro, flesh ; flesh-coloured.

7. Peziza muralis. Sow.

Cup at first cyathiform, then expanded, nearly plane,
firm, fleshy in the centre, thin towards the margin,
glabrous, dirty brownish-white; stem short, rather slender;
asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 14 x 8u;
paraphyses filiform.

Peziza muralis—Sow., “ Fung.,” t. 251.

On clay.

Cup from 2 to 7 lines across, nearly uniform in colour
within and without, glabrous ; stem about 1 to 14 lines
long, enlarging upwards into the thick fleshy base of the
cup.
“The larger ones herein figured were sent by favour
of the Rev. Mr. Alderson, from some clay walls in his
garden at Havingham, Norfolk; the smaller ones grew
on some pipe-clay intended for modelling at my own
home, Mead Place. They differ much in size, but agree

PEZIZA. 49

so well in shape and substance that I consider them as
the same species” (Sowerby, l. ¢.).

The original specimens, after the death of Sowerby,
came into the hands of the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, by
whose kind permission I was allowed to examine them.

Name—urus, a wall; from its habitat.

B. STEM ROOTING.
(a) Sporidia elliptic, smooth.
8. Peziza carbonaria. <A. and 8.

Cup globose-campanulate, thin, fragile; hymenium
reddish-ochrey, externally whitish, farinose; margin
crenate; stem slender, variable in length ; asci cylindrical ;
sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 18 X 84; paraphyses filiform,
clavate apices.

Peziza carbonaria—aA. and S., “ Consp.,” p. 314, t. 4,
f. 2; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii, 64; B. and Br. “Ann. Nat.
Hist.,” 1063, t. 15, £15; Nyl, “ Pez. Fenn.,” p. 10; Karst.,
“Myco. Fenn.,” p. 42; Gonn. and Rabh., ni. t. 4, f 4;
Cooke, ‘“‘ Handbk.,” No. 1989; “Mycogr.,” fig. 284. P.
cupularis, var. carbonaria— Weinm., “ Hym.,” 424.
Aleuria carbonaria—GilL, “Champ.,” p. 39.

Exs.—Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” 722 ; Rabh., “ Myco. Eur.,”
ii. 622 ; Karst, “Fung. Fenn.,” 456; Winter, “ Fungi
Eur.,” 2512; Rehm., “ Asco.,” 702.

On burnt ground. Spring and autumn.

Gregarious, 3 to 8 lines broad; stem at times obsolete.

Distinguished from the preceding by its smaller size ;
more highly coloured hymenium, which is almost ver-
million when young; and its sporidia.

Name—Carbo, charcoal ; from its habitat.

Ascot (Mr. C. E. Broome). Morton Bay! (Mr. J.
Baily). Whitcliffe, Ludlow! Wrekin, Salop ! Attmgham
Park, Salop !

9. Peziza ammophila. Dr. and M.
Cup turbinate, fragile, thick ; hymenium brown, ex-

ternally pallid, dry; margin splitting into triangular
E

50 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

teeth; stem elongated, rooting, very fragile ; asci cylin-
drical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 20 x 9n; paraphyses
filiform, clavate apices. ; ang

Peziza ammophila—Dr. and M., “Flo. d’Algerie,
t. 28, fig. 2; B. and Br., “ Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 1619;
“Qrevillea,” v. p. 59; Cooke, “Mycogr.,” f. 100, 373.
Aleuria ammophila—Gill, “Champ.,” p. 38.

Exs.—Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” ed. ii. 645...

Immersed in sand on the sea-coast, at the roots of
Psamma, Autumn,

Cups 1 inch high and broad; rooting stem 2 to 3
inches long. The sand adheres so closely to the floccose
exterior that it forms a complete coating, The whole
plant is extremely brittle, and so much immersed in the
sand as hardly to be recognized,

Name—dppoc, sand, pidoc, loving; from its prefer-
ence for sandy soil.

St. Andrews, N.B.! (Rev. Mark Anderson), Brampton
Burrows, Ilfracombe ! (Dr. T. A. Chapman).

10. Peziza rapulum. Bull.

Cup infundibuliform, margin at length broadly de-
pressed, sub-umbilicate, thin, fragile, glabrous, transparent,
varying from whitish straw-coloured to nearly fulvous ;
stem slender, elongated, rooting ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia

wrinkled ; the stem is 1 to 2 inches long, immersed in the
ground, ordinarily furnished with fibrils,

PEZIZA, 51

This species was for many years included as British
on the authority of Dickson, but a specimen now exists
in the herbarium of the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, figured by
Dr. Cooke in “ Mycogr.”

Name—Rapulum, a little turnip; from the shape,
especially of the stem.

SuscEnus III.—OrTrpga. Pers.

Cup subsessile, externally pruinose, dimidiately elon-
gated, or obliquely contorted, becoming incised on the
one side. (Plate III. fig. 13.)

Name—wriov, a little ear; shaped like an ear.

ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES.

A. Sporidia elliptic, asperate .. sis -. species 11
B. Sporidia elliptic, smooth .. ‘s Se » 12-16
Key To THs Spscins,

Cups veined beneath .. .. ee ate +» phlebophora.

Cups even beneath ae an ss oe ol

Paraphyses bent at the apices . es ae «. leporina.

. ¢Paraphyses erect and branched 2 ae +. apophysata.

Paraphyses erect and unbranched a aco
on rough .. ae Ae oe 3 -. pleurota.

Sporidia smooth . om es oe on - 8B

Cups rosy orange. a as ne .. onotica,

* \Cups reddish flesh-colour sé as fe -. auricularia.

A. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC, ASPERATE.

11. Peziza plewrota. Phil.

Cup sessile, expanded, nearly cochleate, umber-brown
paler externally, elongated on one side; asci cylindrical ;
sporidia 8, elliptic, asperate, 15 x 8y; paraphyses linear
septate, apices clavate, brown. (Plate III, fig. 13.)

Peziza plewrota—Phil. in Cooke's “ Mycogr. 2” fig. 351.

On cow-dung. Autumn.

Cup 14 inch wide, elongated on one side, divided
nearly to the base on the shorter side ; sporidia rough,
with a central nucleus. _

Name—rAzvpdy, a side, ove, an ear.

Near Shrewsbury !

52 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

B. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC, SMOOTH.

12. Peziza onotica. Pers.

Cup substipitate, elongated on one side, ear-shaped,
externally mealy; hymenium rosy or orange; base at
length rugose; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic,
smooth, 1 to 2-guttulate, 14 x 84; paraphyses thickened
at the summits.

Peziza onotica—Pers. “Syn. Fung.,” p. 637; Fries,
“Sys. Myoo.,” ii. p. 48; “Eng. Flo.” v. p. 187; Berk.,
“Outl,” p. 363; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 1974; “ Mycogr.,”
f. 210; Karst, “Myco. Fenn.” p. 41; Ditm. in Sturm.,
“Flo.,” ili. t. 16; Sv., “ Bot.,” t. 486, f. 1; Weberb., t. 1,
f.6; Gonn. and Rabh., t. 2, £ 1; “Flo. Boruss.,” t. 396;
Weinm., p. 414; Cooke, “Mycoer.,” fig. 210. Peziza
leporina—Sow., “Fung,” t. 79. Peziza rosea—Schum.,
“Saell.,” p.416. Pezizu caligata—Nyl., “Pez. Fenn.,” p. 8.
Peziza unicisa—Peck, “ Reports of N. Y. St. Mus.”
Otidea, onotica—Fckl, “Symb. Myco.,” 329. Peziza
ochracea—Karst., “Mon. Pez,” p. 110. Alewria onotica
—Gill,, “Champ.,” p. 40, ¢. i.

Exs.—Fckl., “F. Rh.,” 1232; Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,”
ii. 365 ; Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” 215 ; Winter, “ Fungi Eur.,”
2313.

On the ground amongst leaves, in woods. Summer
and autumn.

Cup 1 to 3 inches high and 1 to 2} inches broad,
most variable in form, sometimes nearly equal-sided and
entire, but generally elongated on one side; exterior pale
fulvous; disc pale orange.

The species with which it is most easily confounded
is Peziza leporina, from which it is always to be dis-
tinguished by the colour of the disc and the straight
paraphyses.

Name—dvog, an ass; like the ear of an ass.

Clopthill, Bedford (Rev. C. Abbott). Sir Wm.
Jenningham’s plantation, Norwich (Sowerby). Dorking;
Laxton, Northamptonshire ; Lea, King’s Cliffe (Rev. M.
J. Berkeley). Suffolk (D. Stock). Near Bristol (Herb.,

PEZIZA. 53

Leighton). Audley End, Essex (Leefe). Perth (Dr. M.C.
Cooke). Weybridge (Mr. F. Currey). Little Plumstead
and Cassey, Norfolk (Mr. Trimmer). Coed Coch (Rev.
M. J. Berkeley). Sufton Court, Herefordshire! Lilleshall,
Salop! Downton Castle, Salop! Mol-y-Golfa, Mont-
gomeryshire! King’s Lynn (Mr. C. B. Plowright).

13. Peziza leporina. Batsch.

Substipitate, elongated on one side, ear-shaped, sub-
ferruginous, externally farinose, pale ochraceous or sub-
ferruginous; base more or less stem-like; asci cylindrical ;
sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 1 to 2-guttulate, 12—14 x 7—
8u; paraphyses filiform, curved at the summit.

Peziza leporina—Batsch, “EL,” p. 117; Pers., “ Syn.
Fung.,” p. 637; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” 1i. 47; Nees, “ Sys.,”
f. 278; Berk., “Outl,” 363; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 1973;
Weberb., t. 1, £7; Gonn. and Rabh., t. 2, £4; Weinm.,
p. 414; Cooke, “Mycogr.,” f 211. Peziza auricula—
Scheetf., “Icon.,” +. 156 (in part); “Flo. Dan.” ¢. 1077,
f 2. Peziza cochleata—Holms., “ Ot.,” ii. t. 6. Otidea
leporina—F ckl., “ Symb. Myco.,” 329. Aleuria leporina
—Gill., “ Champ.,” p. 40.

Exs.—Fckl, “F. Rh.” 1233; Rehm., “Asco.,” 251,
653; Phil. “Elv. Brit.” No. 11; Roumg,, “ Fung. Gal.,”
9251; Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” ed. ii. 542.

On the ground amongst leaves, in woods. August
to October.

Cup 1 to 3 inches high, 1 to 3 inches broad, gregarious,
often czespitose ; margin involute, divided to the base on
one side; disc even or rarely wrinkled, a shade darker
than the exterior; paraphyses slender, hardly thickened
at the summits, but almost invariably crooked.

This fine species grows as large as P. onotica at times,
but is not so brightly coloured, being throughout of a
sober pale tan-colour, resembling common wash-leather
used for cleaning plate.

Name—Lepus, a hare; from the colour or likeness to
the ear of a hare.

Milton, East Bergholt, Coed Coch (Rev. M. J. Berkeley).

54 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Weybridge (Mr. F. Currey). Carlisle (Dr. M. C. Cooke).
Newbiggin Quarry, Carlisle! (Dr. Carlyle). Castle
Rising, Norfolk! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Abbots Leigh,
near Bristol (Mr. C. Bucknall). Wrekin, Salop! Tibber-
ton, Salop! Boreatton Park, Salop! General Cemetery,
Shrewsbury! Kingsland, Shrewsbury! Dolgelly, North
Wales !

14, Peziza auricula. Cooke.

Subczespitose, fleshy, elongated on one side, ear-shaped,
flesh-red, externally farinose ; asci cylindrical, stipitate ;
sporidia elliptic, smooth, 22—28 x 12—14u; paraphyses
clavate at the summits (Cooke).

Peziza awricula—Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” fig. 213; Scheeff.,
“Teon.,” t. 156 (in part). Peziza leporina—Rabh., “Fung.
Eur.,” No. 512; Nyl, “Pez. Fenn.,” p. 9; Karst., “ Mon.
Pez.,” p.111. Aleuwria auricula—Gill., “ Champ.,” p. 40.

Exs.—Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,” No. 473; Rabh., “ Fung.
Eur.,” 512 ; Rehm., “ Asco.,” 652.

Cup 1 to 2 inches broad and high. Resembling P.
onotica in habit, but different in colour and fruit
(Cooke, I. ¢.).

Name—Auricula, the ear; from its shape.

Ross, Herefordshire !

15. Peziza apophysata. Cooke and Phil.

Cup sessile, unequal, lobed, subcontorted, elongated
on one side, externally umber-brown; hymenium blackisb-
brown, smooth; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic,
2-guttulate, smooth, 20—22 x 12u; paraphyses slender,
forked near the summits, subclavate.

Peziza apophysata—Cooke and Phil. in “ Grevillea”
(1876), v. p. 60; Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” fig. 350.

On the side of a wet ditch. Autumn.

_ Cup } to 1 inch broad, cxspitose or gregarious,
irregular in form, margin indented, erect; paraphyses
branched in a peculiar manner.

Name—arégiaic, an offshoot; from the branching
paraphyses.

Near Shrewsbury !

PREZIZA. 55

16. Peziza phlebophora. B. and Br.

Cup poculiform, oblique, substipitate, finely pul-
verulent, venoso-costate at the base; asci cylindrical ;
sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 10—12 x 64; paraphyses
sparse, linear.

Peziza phlebophora—B. and Br., “ Ann. Nat. Hist.,”
No. 1153, t. 8, f£ 9; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 1970;
“ Mycogr.,” fig. 217.

On clay bank.

Cup 4 to 1} inch broad, often rather oblique, yellow
or brownish, springing from a very short stem-like base,
from which branched ribs are given off, ending in little
pits ; hymenium often venose.

_ Name—¢héy, a vein, pépw, to carry ; from the veined
ase,

King’s Cliffe (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Brislington
(Mr. C. E. Broome). Coed Coch, North Wales (Rev. M.
J. Berkeley). Hill Plantation, near Carlisle! (Dr.
Carlyle).

SuBcenus IV.—CocaLearia. Cooke.

Cup sessile, externally pruinose, flexuose, ceespitose-
contorted. (Plate III. fig. 14) :

Although the cups in this subgenus are sometimes
laterally divided, they are rarely elongated on the one
side, as in Otidea.

Name—Cochlea; the shell of a snail.

ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES.

A. Sporidia elliptic, asperate .. oe -» species 17-19
B. Sporidia elliptic, smooth .. ss xs » 20-29

Key To THe Spxcres.

Hymenium faint purple, changing to pale buff «- Adz.
Hymenium olivaceous umber .. or os grandis.
Hymenium orange red ; sporidia rough oe ere |
Hymenium orange red or bright yellow; sporidia
smooth .. = or ae . oe a

Hymenium some shade of brown 5 a o 4
1 Paraphyses globose at the apices o. oe -. fibrillosa.

* \Paraphyses clavate at the apices. oe ve eo 2

56 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Cups large, ceespitose, externally pruinose .. +. aurantia.

2. : ‘

*\Cups small, solitary, externally smooth ae + luteo-niteus.

3 Hymenium orange-red ; cup sessile .. ee ae leuculenta.
*\Hymenium bright yellow; cup substipitate .. var. flavida.

4, {Sporidia rough .. a “ee “its is » 5
*\Sporidia smooth .. ts 6 a ai ve 6

5, {Hymenium alutaceous, paraphyses linear... .. alutacea.

(aemoninm dark umber-brown paraphyses linear .. badia.
Hymenium pale ochraceous; paraphyses linear, forked ochracea.
6 Hymenium umber-brown; paraphyses linear, forked
“) or branched .. tis +. aie +e os
Hymenium umber ; paraphyses clavate ae Bes
Hymenium pale ochraceous, sessile ; on linen cloth.. linteicola.
Hymenium pale ochraceous, substipitate; on wood... micropus.
Boe brownish yellow, with a shade of red; on
woo ae as oe ie

cochleata.
7

7.
isabellina.

A. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC ASPERATE.
17. Peziza aurantia. CEd.

Cup subsessile, irregular, oblique; hymenium orange,
externally somewhat pruinose, whitish ; asci cylindrical ;
sporidia 8, elliptic, biguttulate, asperate, 16 x 8u; para-
physes clavate at the summits, full of orange granules.
(Plate ITI. fig, 14.)

Peziza aurantia—<Flo. Dan.,” t. 657, f. 2; Pers,
“ Obs.,” 2, p. 76; Nees, “Sys.,” f. 279; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,”
ii, 49; “Eng. Flo.” v. p. 187; Huss, i. t=. 87; Berk.,
“Outl.,” p. 363; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 1975; “Brit.
Fung.,” t. 1; Price, f. 42; Weberb, t. 1, £1, 4.2, £3;
Gonn. and Rabh., t. 1, f. 3; “Flo. Boruss.,” t. 384; Seer.,
“Mycogr.,” ili. 294; Karst., “ Myco. Fenn.,” 43; Weinm.
p. 414; Pat, p. 123, £278. Peziza awrantiaca—Hayzer.
t. 72, B. Peziza cochleata—Batsch, f. 157. Peziza,
coccinea—Scheeff, “ Icon.,” t. 148 ; Bull.,““Champ.,” t. 474;
Sow,, “Fung.,” t. 78. Helvella coccinea—Bolt., t. 100.
Peziza dichroa—Holmas,, “ Ot.,” ii. t.7. Aleuria awrantia
—Fckl, “Symb. Myco.,” 325; Sace, “ Myco. Ven. Sp.,”
167; Gill, “Champ,” p. 41, ¢ i.

Exs.—FckL, “F. Rh.,” 1228; Desm., « Crypt. Fr.,” i.
521; Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” 142; Rabh., “ Herb. Myco. ca
523; Phil, “Elv. Brit,” 12; Ellis, “N. A. Fungi” 836.
Roumg., “Fung. Gal.,” 2769. rt

PEZIZA. 57

On the ground, often near stumps of felled trees, and
amongst chips. Summer and autumn.

Cup from } an inch to 5 inches broad, sometimes
densely czespitose and much contorted, at others growing
singly and equal, not oblique; disc of a bright clear
orange, or deep orange red; margin often involute ;. ex-
ternally nearly white, mealy, with minute sparkling
granules; base prolonged into a short stem. The sporidia
are coarsely tuberculate, with a prominent apiculus at
each extremity. The odour in drying is pleasant, re-
sembling Cantharellus cibarius.

Name—Aurantius, orange; of an orange colour.

Halifax (Bolton). King’s Cliffe (Rev. M. J. Berkeley),
Glasgow (Klotzsch). Kirby Bedon, Norfolk (Rev. K.
Trimmer). Garthewen, Denbighshire (Rev. M. J. Berkeley).
Twycross (Rev. A. Bloxam). Blaize Castle, near Bristol
(Mr. C. E. Broome). Bitterly, Salop (Mrs. Price). Moecus,
Herefordshire (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Kew Gardens (Mr. C.
E. Broome). Epping Forest! (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Hey-
wood Forest, near Hereford! (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Din-
more, near Hereford! Lyndhurst (Dr. M. C. Cooke).
Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Near
Carlisle (Dr. Carlyle). King’s Lynn (Mr. C. B. Plow-
right). Ludlow! Shrewsbury! Colwyn Bay (Mr.
Walker).

Var. a. Stipitata. Phil.

Disc bright scarlet; stem equalling the height of the
cup, 4 mm. (about 14 lines).

Name—Stipes, a stalk.

This interesting variety was sent by the Rev. C. W.
Penny, F.L.S., from Wokingham, Berkshire.

Var. B. Atro-marginata. Phil. and Plow.

Cup 4 lines to 1 inch broad; hymenium blood-red,
wrinkled ; margin black, owing to the presence of minute
septate bristle-like hairs; the tuberculate sporidia are
frequently furnished with thread-like appendages at the

58 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

extremities, pointing in opposite directions obliquely te
the long axis of the sporidia.
Peziza aurantia (CEd.), var. atro-margimata—Phil.
and Plow., in Gard. Chron., Feb. 11, 1882, with figure.
Name—Ater, black, and margo, a margin.
Clenchwarton, Norfolk (Mr. C. B. Plowright).

18. Peziza luteo-nitens. B. and Br.

Cup sessile, nearly regular, concave, at length
flexuose; hymenium bright orange-yellow; externally
nearly white, smooth; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic,
biguttulate, 13 X 6u; paraphyses filiform, subclavate at
the apices.

Peziza luteo-nitens—B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,”
No. 556; Berk., “Outl,’ 364; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No.
1976; “ Mycogr.,” fig. 205.

On the bare ground.

Having carefully examined the original specimens in
Mr. Berkeley’s herbarium, I found many of the sporidia
decidedly asperate, though rather smaller than in P.
aurantia.

Name—Luteus, yellow, nitens, shining.

King’s Cliffe! (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Tunbridge Wells!
(Rev. Canon DuPort).

19. Peziza badia. Pers.

Cup subsessile, entire, flexuose, dark brown; margin
at first involute, externally paler, pruinose, inclining to
olive (as well as the margin) ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8,
elliptic, minutely asperate, 15—17 x 8u; paraphyses
clavate at the apices, sparse.

Peziza badia—Pers., “Obs.” 2, 78; Pers. “Myco.
Eur.,” p. 224; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. 46; Gonn. and
Rabh., t. 1, £3; Seer., “Mycogr.,” iii, 296; Weberb., t. 2,
f. 2; Berk., “Outl,” t. 22, £ 4; Huss, ii. t. 13; “Eng.
Flo.,” v. p. 187; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 1969 ; “ Mycogr.,”
fig. 226 ; Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 56; Weinm., “ Hym.,”
p. 418; Pat. p. 33, £ 79. Helvella cochleata—Bolt.,

PEZIZA. 59

“Fung.” t. 99. Plicaria badia—Fckl, “Symb. Myco.,”
327; Sacc., “Myco. Ven. Sp.,” p. 167. Alewria badia—
Gill, “Champ.” p.43,ci | ;

Exs.—Rabh., “Herb. Myco.,” i. 8337; Karst., “Fung.
Fenn.,” 141; Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,” ii. 366; Phil. “Elv.
Brit..” 9; Winter, “Fungi Eur.,’ 2208; Ellis, “N. A.
Fungi,” 981; Roumg,, “ Fung. Gal.” 1958 ; Cooke, “ Fung.
Brit.,” ed. ii. 366.

On the ground in grassy, shady places, and on burnt
ground. Summer and autumn.

Cup 1 to 2 inches broad; base fleshy, often projected
into a short stem immersed in the ground, slightly
villous and lacunose; the colour varies according to the
degree of moisture and age; the hymenium is dark
umber-brown, externally a little lighter and minutely
granular; the sporidia, when mature, are slightly rough
on the surface.

Name—Badius, chestnut-brown. |

About Halifax (Bolton). St. Faith’s, Norfolk (Rev.
K. Trimmer). Coed Coch; Aboyne; Milton, Northamp-
tonshire ; Bowood; Hafod-dunas (Rev. M. J. Berkeley).
Perth; Dinmore, near Hereford; Hampstead (Dr. M. C.
Cooke). Tittleworth, Sussex! Malvern! (Mr. Spencer
Perceval). Weybridge (Mr. F. Currey). Aberystwith!
Trefrew! Norton Camp, near Craven Arms! Bomere,
near Shrewsbury! Carlisle (Dr. Carlyle).

B, SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC, SMOOTH.

20. Peziza leuculenta. Cooke.

Cup sessile, fleshy, pleasant orange-colour, concave ;
externally fibrillose, paler; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8,
elliptic, obtuse, biguttulate, smooth, 25 x 12u; para-
physes clavate at the summits, filled with orange
granules.

Peziza lewculenta—Cooke in Herb.; “Mycogr.,” fig. 208.
Peziza luteonitens—Cooke in “ Grevillea,” iii. fig, 122.

Exs—Roumg,, “ Fung. Gal.,” 2770.

On the ground.

60 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Cup scarcely an inch broad, very much resembling
P, fibrillosa (Currey), but with decidedly different fruit.

Name—Lewculentus, clear; from the colour.

Near Sheffield (Mr. H. C. Sorby, F.R.S.).

21. Peziza fibrillosa. Curr.

Cup nearly sessile, irregular, orange, clothed ex-
ternally with dingy-white downy fibrillz, which form a
rather dense tomentose edging to the cup; asci cylin-
drical; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, eguttulate, 16—18 x 9u;
paraphyses filiform, globoso-clavate.

Pezxiza fibrillosa—Curr. in “Linn. Trans.” xxiv.
p. 153; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 1977 ; “ Mycogr.,” fig. 207.

On the ground. October.

Cup 1 inch broad, often divided on one side; when
young the margin is involute, afterwards erect; the
exterior is very tomentose, nearly white. It resembles
P. aurantia, but differs in having smooth sporidia and
paraphyses with globose summits.

Name—Fibra, a tibre; clothed with downy fibrille,

Hanham Wood! (Mr. F. Currey). King’s Lynn!
(Mr. C. B. Plowright).

22. Peziza cochleata. Bull.

Cup sessile, cxspitose, large, twisted, umber, ex-
ternally pruinose; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic,
smooth, biguttulate, 16—19 x 7—8y; paraphyses filiform,
often branched and curved at the summits.

Peziza cochleata—Bull., “ Champ.,” t. 154, f. 2; Sow.,
“Fung.,” t. 5; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. 50; Gonn. and
Rabh,, t. 2, £5; Secr. “Mycogr.,” iii. 296; “ Eng. Flo.,”
v. p. 188; Berk., “Outl.,” p. 363: Cooke, “Handbk.,”
No. 1971; “ Micogr.,” fig. 212; Weinm., “Hym.,” p. 416;
Roumg., “Crypt. Illus.,” t. 265; Berk, Gard. Chron.,
1867. Alewria cochleata—Gill., “Champ.,” p. 42, @ 1
Fungoides fuscum—Buxb., “ Petr.,” iv. =. 29, f.1. Peziza
umbrina—Pers., “Obs.” i. 77; Sv., “Bot.,” t. 486, f. 2.
Elwela ochroleuca—Scheeff., “Icon.,” t. 274 Otidea

PEZIZA. 6]

cochleata—Fckl, “Symb. Myco.,” 329; Sace, “Myco.
Ven. Sp.,” p. 107.

Exs.—F ck, “ F. Rh.,” 1232.

On the ground. Summer and autumn.

Cup 1 to 2 inches broad, sometimes larger, often
densely czespitose, hence irregular and much contorted.

Name—Cochlea, the shell of a snail.

King’s Cliffe, Laxton, Aboyne, Milton, Lea, Coed
Coch (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Llanrwst, North Wales!
Altringham Park, Shrewsbury !

23. Peziza alutacea. Pers.

Cup subsessile, contorted, pallid-fuliginous; asci
cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, minutely asperate,
12—14 x 6—7n; paraphyses linear, sparse.

Peziza alutacea—Pers., “Syn. Fung.,” p. 638; Cooke,
“ Mycogr.,” f. 214. Peziza cochleata (3. alutacea—Fries,
“Sys. Myco.,” ii. 50; Weinm., “Hym.,” p. 416. <Aluria
alutacea—Gill., “Champ.,” p. 42.

Exs.—Fckl, “F. Rh.,” 1229.

On the ground in woods. Autumn.

Cup 2 inches or more broad, resembling P. cochleata,
from which the rough sporidia distinguish it.

Name—Aluta, tanned leather; tan-coloured.

Milton, 1842, and Coed Coch, 1877; near Hereford,
1878.

24. Peziza grandis. Pers.

Cespitose or solitary, sessile, flexuous; externally
olivaceous-umber, with a lacunose albo-tomentose base ;
hymenium ochery yellow; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8,
elliptic, narrower at the ends, biguttulate, 16 x 7u;
paraphyses linear, straight or curved at the apices.

Peziza grandis—Pers., “Obs.,” i. p. 27; Pers., “Syn.
Fung.,” p. 686. Peziza abietina, var. c.—Fries, “Sys.
Myco.,” ii. 47. Peziza grandis—Boud. in Cooke, “Mycogr.,”
fig. 376; Pat., p. 209, f. 480 (?). Aleuria grandis—Gill,
“Champ.,” p. 42 (2).

On the ground in pine woods.

62 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Cup 2 to 3 inches broad, 1} inches high, sack-shaped ;
margin entire, but occasionally divided to the base on
one side; externally dark olive green; hymenium dull
ochery brown; the mycelium ferruginous. Very distinct
from P. leporina.

Name—From grandis, large.

Heywood Forest, near Hereford! (Mr. C. B. Plowright).

25. Peziza ochracea. Boud.

Cup sessile, czespitose, entire, subflexuous, bright
ochraceous, externally furfuraceous; asci cylindrical;
sporidia 8, elliptic, biguttulate, hyaline, smooth;
22—24 x 124; parapbyses linear, often divided at the
summits into two or three short obtuse processes.

Peziza ochracea—Boud. in Herb.; Cooke, “Mycogr.,”
fig. 377; Pat. p. 170, £ 374, Aleuria ochracea—Gill,
“Champ.,” p. 41, ¢ 1

On the ground in beech woods. Spring.

Cup 1 to 2 inches broad, fleshy at the base, densely
cespitose; hymenium wrinkled; exterior coarsely fur-
furaceous. The paraphyses are septate, and often branched
at the top into two or three short processes.

Name—Ochra, ochre; the colour of yellow ochre.

The Wrekin, Salop!

26. Peziza Ade. Sadler,

Cup sessile, subczspitose, cochleate, irregular, be-
‘ coming expanded; margin entire or lobed, reflexed;
hymenium white, rosy white, violaceous, or ochraceus;
asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, biguttulate, smooth,
13 x 74; paraphyses linear.

Peziza Ade-—Sadler ; Cooke, “ Trans, Bot. Soc. Edin.,”
1857, p. 45 (with figure) ; “Grevillea,” vi. t. 97, figs. 1-3.
Peziza domiciliana—Cooke in Gard. Chron., 1877.

Exs.—Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,” ed. ii. 649; Phil. “ Elv.
Brit.,” No. 154.

On damp walls, etc.

Cup 4 an inch to 2 inches broad; dise variable in
form and colour, but always thin and delicate.

PEZIZA, 63

Damp wall of Inverleith House, Edinburgh! (Miss
Ada Balfour, after whom it isnamed), Garden at Dalston,
London (herb. of Dr. M. C. Cooke).

27. Peziza isabellina. Wor. Smith.

Cup large, sessile, czespitose, fleshy, subglobose, in-
ternally smooth, brownish yellow, with a shade of red,
externally paler, subpruinose ; asci cylindrical; sporidia
8, elliptic, smooth, 14 x 80; paraphyses linear, clavate
summits.

Peziza isabellina—wW orthington Smith in “Grevillea,”
1, p. 136, t. 9; Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” fig. 241.

On decayed coniferous wood.

Cup 1 to 2 inches broad.

Name—From the French isabelle, dove-coloured, or,
as some say, the colour of dirty linen.

King’s Lynn! (Mr. C. B. Plowright).

28. Peziza micropus. Pers.

Cup substipitate, medium-sized, oblique, flexuous,
rather fragile, pallid-fuliginous, externally furfuraceo-
granulose; stem short, rather stout; asci cylindrical ;
sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 15 x 94; paraphyses linear,
slightly thickened at the summits.

Peziza micropus—Pers., “Syn. Fung.” 642; Pers,
“Teon. et Deser.,” t. 8, f. 3; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. 54;
Berk., “ Outl.,” t. 22, £ 5; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 1983;
Weinm., “ Hym.,” 418; Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” fig. 300; Pat.,
p. 121, f. 273. Pustularia micropus—Fckl, “Symb.
Myco.,” 323. Aleuria micropus—Gill, “Champ.,” p. 204.

On damp wood, beech, ash, and poplar, and decaying
carpet. Spring and Autumn.

Cup 4 to 1 inch broad, hemispherical, or sub-infun-
dibuliform ; mouth oblique ; margin furfuraceo-tomentose,
and the exterior granulated with large superficial
squamules; stem 14 lines long, rather thick, or absent
altogether.

Name—uxpdec, small, rode, a foot; from the short stem.

Fineshade, Northamptonshire (Rev. M. J. Berkeley).

64 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Badminton (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Menmuir, N.B.
(Rev. M. L. Anderson). Moccas, Herefordshire! Castle
Rising! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Warwick! (Mr. Spencer

Percival).
Var. flavida. Phil.

This differs from the type species in being less fur-
furaceous externally, a brighter colour (decidedly yellow),
not pallid-fuliginous, and having sporidia rather longer
(19 x 8p).

On decayed wood.

Name—Flavus, light yellowish. ‘ :

Moccas, Herefordshire ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright)’

29. Peziza linteicola. Phil. and Plow.

Cup sessile, ceespitose, very fragile, cochleate or
entire, fulvous; externally farinose, hoary; margin crenate;
asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, eguttulate, smooth,
12—15 X 8—10u; paraphyses linear, septate, clavate at
the ay izes.

On damp rotting linen cloth.

Cup 3 to ? of an inch broad; sometimes divided to
the base on one side, the edges of the division involute,
at others entire, cupulate, arising from white creeping
mycelium ; sporidia vary much in size, and are shortly
elliptical, approaching globose. The apices of the para-
physes are clavate or pear-shaped, with one or two large
elliptic transparent nuclei devoid of granules. The cells
forming the exterior of the cup are rather small (from
10—20pn in diameter).

Name—Lintewm, linen, and colo, to inhabit; growing
on linen. .

King’s Lynn! (Mr. C. B. Plowright).

Suncenus V.—DIscina,

Cup large, sessile, or substipitate, between waxy and
fleshy, flattened or reflexed, entire or lobed, and some-
what waved. (Plate III. fig. 15.)

Name—Soxoe, a round plate.

PEZIZA. 65

ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES.

A. Sporidia globose yj ae te +. species 30-31
B. Sporidia elliptic, smooth .. ois ar » 32-35
Kry To THe Specizs.

Sporidia spherical, rough a ae oe «. trachycarpa.

Sporidia spherical, smoath a ee < -. leiocarpa.

Sporidia elliptic .. os oe sod

Hymenium pur ple; cup subglobose i - +. coronaria.

Hymenium umber- brown ; cup costate below +. venosa.

1. {Hymenium fulvo-rufescent, at length reticulate ; cup

substipitate .. .. reticulata,

Hymenium fulvous; cup repand, substipitate | «» repanda.

A. SPORIDIA GLOBOSE.

30. Peziza trachycarpa. Curr.

Cup orbicular, then plane, very often umbilicate;
hymenium blackish-brown, rough, tuberculate ; externally
granulated ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, globose, muricate,
brown, 12—15y ; paraphyses either filiform with clavate
apices, or broad, pallid-brown, resembling empty asci.
(Plate IIT. fig. 15.)

Peziza trachycarpa—Curr., “Linn. Trans.,” xxiv.
p. 493, t. 51, figs. 3 and 5; B.and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,”
No. 1061, t. xiv. fig. 13; Cooke, “ Handbk., ” No. 1984;
“ Mycogr.,” fig. 257 ; Karst., ‘a Myco. Fenn.,” p.61. Peziza
furva—Nyl, “ Pez. Fenn.,” p. 15. Aleuria trachycarpa
—Gill, “ Champ.,” p- 203, ¢. 1.

Exs.—Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” 620; Karst. “Fung.
Fenn.,” 457; Phil., “ Elv. Brit.,” 57.

On burnt ground. Summer and autumn.

Cup 3 to 14 broad.

Name—apayie, rough, xapréc, fruit; from the rough
sporidia.

Ascot! (Rev. G. H. Sawyer). Norton Camp, near
Craven Arms! Bomere, near Shrewsbury! Attingham
Park, Shrewsbury !

31. Peziza leiocarpa. Curr,

Cup at first connivent, subglobose, externally (prin-
cipally towards the margin) rough, vinous-brown, thin,
F

66 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

semi-pellucid, sometimes pallid near the base, at length
expanded, almost plane; hymenium olive-brown ; asci
cylindrical; sporidia 8, globose, smooth, 9—10u; para-
physes filiform, gradually enlarged at the apices.

Peziza leiocarpa—Curr,, “ Linn. Trans.,” xxiv. p. 493,
t. 51, f£. 4 and 8; B. and Br.,“ Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 1062,
t. xiv. f. 14; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 1985; “Mycogr.,”
fig. 256; Pat, p. 70, fig. 163 (exclude sporidia and
paraphyses). Plicaria foveata—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,”
p. 326 (2)

On burnt ground.

Cup 14 to 3 inches broad; hymenium at first pale,
then dark olive-brown. Resembling at first Peziza
pustulata (Batsch).

Name—Adiog, smooth, xaprée, fruit ; from the smooth
sporidia.

Ascot! (Rev. G. H. Sawyer).

B. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC, SMOOTH.

32, Peziza repanda. Wahl.

Cup solitary or czespitose, large, incised, and repand,
internally subrugose, brown ; externally farinose, whitish,
base elongated, rooting; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8,
elliptic, biguttulate, smooth, 18—20 x 10u; paraphyse:
linear, sparse.

Pexza repanda—Wahl., “ Ups.,” p. 466; Fries, “ Sys.
Myco.,” i. 51; Grev., “Se. Crypt. Flo.,” t. 59; Berk ,
“Eng, Flo.” v. 188; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 1978;
“ Mycogr.,” fig. 240; Weinm.,“Hym.,” p. 117. Alewria
repanda—Gill., “Champ.,” p. 43.

On old trunks and on the ground. Autumn.

Cup 1 to 4‘inches broad ; cells of the exterior of the
cup very large. This is one of the species with which
many others have been confounded, so that it is very
difficult to quote synonyms with any degree of cer-
tainty. If regard be paid to the sporidia, great paucity
of paraphyses, and large external cells, there should

PEZIZA. 67

not be much difficulty in determining it, Karsten’s
Peziza repanda (“Myco. Fenn.,” p. 54), with sporidia
10—14 x 6—7y, must be something different. Fuckel
describes the sporidia in his “Symb. Myco.” as “ episporio
granuloso-tuberculato, fusco,’ measuring 16 x 8u. This
again cannot be the present species (Dr. Cooke in
“Mycogr.”).

Name—Repandus, bent backwards.

Milton, Northamptonshire (Rev. M. J. Berkeley).
King’s Cliffe and Apethorpe (Rev. M. J. Berkeley).
Hitchin (Professor Henslow). Foxhall, near Edinburgh
(Messrs. Wauch and Greville). Reading; Epping; Rugby
(Dr. M. C. Cooke). Attingham Park, near Shrewsbury !
Wrekin, Salop! Shelton Rough, near Shrewsbury !

33. Peziza reticulata. Grev.

Cup large, fulvo-rufescent within, plicate in the
centre, reticulated ; externally whitish, pruinose; margin
involute, at first entire, becoming variously lacerated,
subrepand ; stem either thick and short or none; asci sub-
eylindrical; sporidia 8, elongato-elliptic, smooth, 23 x 10u;
paraphyses clavate apices, filled with brown granules.

Peziza reticulata—Grev., “Se. Crypt. Flo.,” t 153;
Kromb., t. 61, f. 18-22; Berk., “ Outl.,” t. 22, f. 6; Cooke,
“ Mycogr.,” fig. 227. Plicaria reticulata—Fckl., “Symb.
Myco.,” 328. Peziza venosa—Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No.
1968 (partly). <Aleuria reticulata—Gill, “Champ.,”

. 43, e 1.
. ‘Exs,—F ck, “ F. Rh.,” 2083.

Cup 2 to 5 inches broad. This has usually been
united with P. venosa, but, as we think, without good
reason, The odour is by no means so powerful and
nitrous as in that species, the colour is lighter, substance
less tough, sporidia more constant, and different in size
and form (Dr. M. C. Cooke in “ Myeogr.”).

Name— Reticulatus, made like a net; from the mark-
ings on the hymenium.

Foxhall, near Edinburgh (Captain Wauch). Rafford,
N.B. (Rev. Dr, Keith). Near Lewes (Mr. F. Currey).

68 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Mossburnford (Mr. Jerdon). Brockley Combe, Bristol
(Mr, C. Bucknall). Near Shrewsbury !

34. Peziza coronaria. Jacq.

Cup at first buried, then more or less exposed, sub-
globose, splitting in a stellate manner, nearly violet or
rosy, externally pallid; stem short, thick, rooting; asci
cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, 1 to 2-guttulate, smooth,
15—18 x 8—9u; paraphyses straight, linear, slightly
enlarged above, sometimes forked.

. Peziza coronaria—Jacq., “Mise. Austr,” i p. 140,
pl. 10, 1778 ; Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” f. 238; Pat., p. 82, £77.
Peziza amplissima—Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan.,” p. 349.
Peziza eximia—D. R. and Lev., “Flo. Alger.,” t. 28, £9.
Peziza geaster—Rabh., “Myco. Eur.,” t. 3, £5. Peziza
macrocalyx—Smith in “ Journ. Bot.,” 1869, p. 345, t. 98;
Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 1981; Kalch. “Icon. Select.,”
t. 40, £2. _Peziza sicula—Inzenga, “Fung. Sici.,” t. viii.
£4, Alewria eximia—Gill, “Champ.,” p. 48, ci.

On the ground under trees. Spring.

It is found underground, in forests of fir-trees, singly
or from two to five together. In its progressive develop-
ment it rises about half out of the ground. At first it is
closed, but later it splits, star-like, from the top down-
wards to the middle of its cup, or sometimes even further
down still, into from 7 to 10 more or less pointed strips.
The exterior is of a dirty pale blue, clothed with a thin
white transient fur, and at the base of the cup is a short
stem. In large specimens the cup is three inches high
and broad, deeply cup-shaped, with the rim at length
bent downwards. The hymenium is at first pale, and
later a dark violet (Fresenius).

“Oups very large, 4 or 5 inches when expanded ; asci
very long ; sporidia uniseriate in the upper portion of the
ascus, with one or two nuclei. After having been dried
and then again moistened, the nuclei give the sporidia
the appearance of being uniseptate. It was doubtless
this illusion which led to the sporidia of Peziza eximia
in “Flora d’Algérie,” being represented as uniseptate.

PEZIZA. 69

This appearance is very deceptive in nucleated sporidia,
and is not confined to the present species, as we have
observed the same thing in Peziza Sumneriana, after it
has been for some time dried” (Dr. Cooke in “ Mycogr.”)

Name—Corona, a crown ; from the shape.

Chichester, Sussex (Dr. Paxton). Street, Somerset
(Mr. W. G. Smith). King’s Lynn! (Mr. C. B. Plowright).
Woodchester, near Stroud !

35. Peziza venosa. Pers.

Cup sessile or substipitate, umber-brown ; externally
whitish, rugose with costate veins; base produced into a
very short stem; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic,
smooth, granular within, 18 —23 x 10—12u; paraphyses
copious, clavate at the summit, brown.

Peziza venosa—Pers., “Myco. Eur.” p. 220; Fries,
“Sys. Myco.,” ii. 46; Weberb., t. 2, f. 1(?); Cooke,
“Myeco.,” fig. 228. Elvela cochleata—Wieff. in Jacq.,
“Misc. Austr.,” ii t. 17, f 1. Peziza ancilis—Rehm.,
“Asco,” No. 402; Cooke, “Myco.,” f 372. Aleuria
venosa—Gill., “ Champ.,” p. 37, ¢. i.

Exs.—Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,” No. 557; Rehm., “ Asco.,”
No. 402.

On the ground. Spring. Esculent.

Cup 1 to 2 inches broad or more, nearly as high.
The strong nitrous odour of this species is very charac-
teristic.

Name—Vena, a vein; from the veined hymenium.

King’s Cliffe, Sibbertoft, Apethorpe (Rev. M. J.
Berkeley). Warwick (Mr. Spencer Perceval). Shelton
Rough, near Shrewsbury ! Hospital Field, Lynn (Mr. C.
B. Plowright). Bristol! (Mr. Green). Ingham, Norfolk
(Rev. K. Trimmer).

Suscenus VI.—Gatactinia. Cooke.

Cup sessile, entire, fleshy, exuding, when cut or
wounded, a milky juice. (Plate IV. fig. 16.)

Name—yaNdxrivoc, milky.

Two British species.

70 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Key to tHe Spectgs.

Hymenium violet-brown ; juice violet .. * +s saniosa,
Hymenium wax-brown ; juice turning yellow es ©8uccosa.

86. Peziza succosa. Berk.

Cup medium size, fleshy, sessile, hemispherical, pale
wax-brown ; externally paler, pruinose; margin inflexed ;
juice bright yellow; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic,
biguttulate, asperate, 20 x 11—12u; paraphyses linear,
thickened upwards. (Plate IV. fig. 16.)

Peziza succosa—Berk., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 156,
t. 10, f. 5; “Outl,” p. 863 ; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 1972;
“ Mycogr.,” fig, 243; Kickx., “ Crypt. Flan.,” i. 495; Pat.,
72, f.166. Alewria succosa—Gill., “Champ.,” p. 45, ¢. i.

Exs.—Phil, “Elv. Brit.” No. 10; Cooke, “ iung.
Brit.,” ed. ii. 650.

On the naked ground in damp and shady woods,
Autumn.

Cup 1 inch broad, subglobose, then hemispherical,
sometimes cochleate, but generally entire, when moist
transparent, pale brown; exterior mealy or pruinose,
dirty white; the juice is limpid and nearly colourless
when it issues from the wound, but soon changes to
yellow ; the sporidia are certainly rough when mature.

Name— Succus, juice.

King’s Cliffe and Apethorpe (Rev. M. J. Berkeley).
Bristol (Mr. H. O. Stephens). Dovard Rocks (Mr.
Spencer Perceval). Arkol Hill, Salop! Lilleshall, Salop !
Craven Arms, Salop!

37. Peziza saniosa. Schrad.

Cup sessile, thick, fleshy, campanulate, regular,
purplish brown or dark violet; externally pulverulent,
umber-brown or purplish-brown ; juice dark violet,
abundant ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, biguttulate
smooth, 15 x 7-54; paraphyses linear. ;

Peziza saniosa—Schrad., “ Bot. J our.,” 1799, ii, p. 64;
Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. 65; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 1991
Berk., “Mag. Zool. and Bot.,” No. 87, t. 7, £2: Phil, in

* PEZIZA. 71

“Grev.,” ii pl. 24, fig. 3; Cooke, “Myecoor,,” fig. 299;
Pat., p. 170, £ 375. Alewria saniosa—Gill, “ Champ.,”
p. 46, ¢. i.

On the ground and trunks in very damp, shady
places..

Cup 4 lines high, 4 lines broad. The flesh is thick,
occupying half the height of the cup. The juice issues
freely when the flesh is cut.

Name—Sanies, gore ; from the juice.

- King’s Cliffe and Apethorpe (Rev. M. J. Berkeley).
Ercall Hill, Salop! Doward Rocks, Herefordshire! (Mr.
Spencer Perceval). Bristol (Mr. H. O. Stephens).

Suscenus VII—PustuLaria. Cooke.

Cups entire, sessile, externally mealy, granulated, or
warty. (Plate IV. fig. 17.)

Name—FPustula, a blister; from the name of the
typical species pustulata, which is warted on the exterior.

ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES.

A. Sporidia globose, asperate .. os «. species 38
B. Sporidia elliptic, asperate .. sie ars » 39-40
c. Sporidia elliptic, smooth .. oe ee » 41-43

Key To THE SPECIES.

Sporidia spherical, brown, rough ws ais .. radula.
Sporidia elliptic, rough .. oe ea as ie oT
Sporidia elliptic, smooth sis fs or comer}
1 (Morin of cup erose, inflexed, paler than below «» pustulata.
* (Margin of cup entire, erect, same colour as below .. indiscreta.
Cup at first globose; hymenium pallid brown «. vesiculosa.
2 Cup infundibuliform, then expanded; hymenium
yellowish Ba ys ws ass i +. cerea.
Cup hemispherical ; dise bright brown oe «. bufonia.

A. SPORIDIA GLOBOSE, ASPERATE,

38. Peziza radula, B. and Br.
Large, cup-shaped, sessile, at length depressed, vinous
brown; externally black, and rough with subequal warts;
asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, globose, tuberculate, brown,

72 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

22—25u; paraphyses septate, clavate at the apices.
(Plate IV. fig. 17.) .

Peziza radula—B. and Br., “ Ann. Nat. Hist.,” xviii.
p. 77; “Outl,” p. 364; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 1987;
“Mycogr.,” fig. 293.

On the ground in woods.

Cup’ depressed, sessile, nearly an inch across, black
externally, broken into nearly equal, distinct, subconical
warts, like those of Genea verrucosa; hymenium of a
dark vinous-brown; asci large, obtuse; sporidia large,
globose, containing a single nucleus, rough with obtuse
distinct tubercles; paraphyses septate, with the ultimate
articulation clavate (B. and Br.).

Name—Radula, an instrument to scrape with; from
the likeness of the surface to a nutmeg-grater.

Near Bristol (Berkeley and Broome).

B. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC, ASPERATE.

39. Peziza pustulata. Pers.

Cup sessile, subglobose, becoming expanded; hy-

menium pallid or smoky brown; externally whitish
furfuraceous near the obtuse, entire, inflexed margin,
smoky-brown below ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic,
asperate, 20 X 104; paraphyses septate, clavate at the
apices.
Peziza pustulata—Pers., “Syn. Fung.,” p. 646; Fries,
“Sys. Myco.,” ii. 55; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 1986; Phil.
in “ Grevillea,” ii. pl. 24, f.2; Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” fig, 298 ;
Weinm., “Hym.,” 419. Octospora pustulata—Hedw.,
“Mus. Frond.,” ii t.6,f4. Plicaria pustulata—Fckl.,
“Symb. Myeo.,” p. 327. Peziza cochleata, var. 3.—Batsch,
“El,” fig. 157. Peziza spwreata—Pers., “Myco. Eur.”
226. Peziza plicata—Pers., “ Myco. Eur.,” i. 226. Aleuria
pustulata—Gill., “Champ.,” p. 45, ¢. i.

Exs.—Fekl, “F. Rh.” 1227; Phil, “Ely. Brit.”
No. 14.

On the ground and on charcoal beds. Summer and
autumn. :

PEZIZA, 73

Cup } an inch to 14 inches broad. The flesh is thick
and rather firm; the exterior of the cup coarsely fur-
furaceous, dark sooty-brown, but pale towards the
subcrenate margin. It is gregarious, and sometimes
ceespitose. The apices of the paraphyses are filled with
brown granules.

Name—Pustula, a blister; having convex elevations
like blisters.

Ercall Hill, Salop! Glamis (Rev. J. Stevenson).

40. Peziza indiscreta. Phil. and Plow.

Scattered or crowded, sessile, hemispherical, fleshy ;
hymenium concave, blackish-brown; externally some-
what verrucose, umber-brown ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia
8, elliptic, 1 to 2-guttulate, asperate, 16—18 x 9—10n;
paraphyses linear, septate, slightly thickened at the
apices,

Peziza indiscreta—Phil. and Plow., “ Grevillea,” viii.
p: 99.

On the earth under lime-trees,

Cup 4 to 7 lines broad.

Name—Indiscretus, not distinguished, or resembling
many others.

North Wootton, Norfolk! (Mr. C. B. Plowright),

Cc. SPORIDIA, ELLIPTIC, SMOOTH.

41. Peziza vesiculosa. Bull.

Cup large, entire, sessile, at first globose, somewhat
vurbinate, then expanded and campanulate; hymenium
pallid-brown; margin connivent, somewhat crenate ;
externally furfuraceous; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8,
elliptic, smooth, 20—22 x 124; paraphyses linear, en-
larged upwards.

Peziza vesiculosa—Bull, “Champ.,” t. 457, f. 1,
Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii, 52; Grev., “Se. Crypt. Flo.,”
t. 107; Sow., t. 4; “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 188; Kickx., “Flo.
Flan.,” 494; Karst. “Myco. Fenn.” p. 52; Cooke,

74 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES

“ Handbk.,” 1980; “Mycogr.,” f. 242; Pat., p. 169, f. 373.
Helvella vesiculosa—Bolt., t. 175. Peziza lycoperdioides
—D. C., “Flo. Fr.” ii. 87 (partly). Pustularia vesiculosa
—Fckl, “Symb. Myco.,” p. 329; Sace., “ Myco. Ven. Sp.,”
p. 167. Alewria vesiculosa—Gill, “Champ.,” p. 45. ¢. i.

Exs.—Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” 818; Phil., “ Elv. Brit.,”
13; “Erb. Crit. Ital.,” 773; Sacc., “Myco. Ven.,” 733.

On the ground, rich soil, manure heaps, rotten leaves,
etc. Spring and autumn.

Cup 1 to 3 inches broad, often ceespitose, sometimes
repand. The base of the cup is very fleshy, and frequently
projected into a short thick stem, covered with abundant
white mycelium; the hymenium has a tendency to
separate itself from the flesh of the cup at the bottom.

Name— Vesicula, a little bladder.

Midlands (Purton). Bungay (D. Stock). Fulham
(Herb. Kew). Northamptonshire (Rev. M. J. Berkeley).
Paddington (Herb. Kev). Pen-y-gwyrd, North Wales!
Church Stretton! Minsterley, Salop! on manure in my
garden! Carlisle (Dr. Carlyle). Near Bristol (Mr. Spencer
Perceval). :

42. Peziza cerea. Sow.

Cups large, gregarious, cspitose, infundibuliform,
repand, fleshy, very fragile; hymenium yellowish; ex-
ternally furfuraceous, whitish, with a villous stem-like
base; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth,
20 X 94; paraphyses linear, enlarged upwards.

Peziza cerea—Sow., “Fung.,” t. 3; Fries, “Sys.
Myoo.,” ii. 52; “Eng. Flo.,” v. 188; Berk., “ Outl.,” p. 363 ;
Price, fig. 80; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” 1979; “ Mycogr.,” 244;
Karst., “Myco. Fenn,” p. 54; Bull, “Champ.” t. 44;
Weinm., “Hym.,” 117; Kickx., “Crypt. Flan.” p. 495.
Plicaria cerea—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 327. Peziza
vesiculosa, var. cerea—Rehm., “ Asco.,” 201. Aleuria
cerea—Gill., “Champ.,” p. 44.

Exs.—F ckl., “ F. Rh.,” 1225; Rehm., “ Asco.,” No. 201.

On tan beds, on the ground amongst leaves, etc.
Spring.

PEZIZA. 75

Cup 1 to 3 inches broad. It resembles Peziza
vesiculosa, from which it differs in its more fragile
texture, and rather smaller sporidia.

Name—Cereus, like wax; from the beeswax colour.

Uffington ; Coed Coch (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Twy-
cross (Rev. A. Bloxam). Glamis (Rev. J. Stevenson).
Forres (Rev. Dr. Keith). On tan, North Wootton!
(Mr. C. B, Plowright). Ludlow, on tan (Mrs. Price).

43. Peziza bufowia. Pers.

Cup hemispherical, often fragile; hymenium bright
brown, externally warty, of the same colour; margin
entire or laterally incised ; stem short, rooting, becoming
pallid; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth,
20—24 x 10—12u ; paraphyses filiform, clavate apices.

Peziza bufonia—Pers., “Myco. Eur.,” p. 225; Fries,
“Sys. Myeo.,” ii. p. 54; Berk. Gard. Chron. Jan. 13,
1866 ; B. and Br., “ Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 1154, t. 3, £ 12;
Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 1982 ; “ Micogr.,” fig. 292.

In moist woods, and on rubbish heaps. Autumn.

A fine species, agreeing in size and colour with
Peziza umbrina ; externally rough with conical warts,
opaque, and of a dingy earth-colour, somewhat resembling
P. vesculosa, but distinguished by the brown hymenium
and verrucose cup. Sporidia -00075—-0008 inches (B.
and Br.).

Name—Bu/o, a toad ; warted like a toad,

Grantham (Mr. W. Summerby).

Suscenus VIII—GeroscypHa. Cooke.

Cup entire, or lobed, sessile, externally even, sub-
pruinose, sometimes quite smooth. (Plate IV. fig. 18.)
Name—yn, the earth, cyv@oe, a cup.

ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES.

A. Sporidia elliptic, asperate ae .. species 44-45
B. Sporidia elliptic, smooth .. on os » 46-57

76 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Key TO THE SPECIES.

Sporidia rough; hymenium umber-brown .. brunneo-atra,

Sporidia rough; hymenium livid-purple .. .. lividula.
Sporidia smooth oe or it i oe Le
Hymenium black, perforated wi sg -. ortbrosa.

1 Hymenium pale buff; margin of cup dentate is a

* )Hymenium purplish or violet ea aie
Hymenium some shade of brown .. ce ee 3
Hymenium livid-purple; sporidia oblong-elliptic ;

paraphyses linear .. re re ie +. purpurascens.

Hymenium livid-purple; sporidia elliptic; para-
9, J__ Physes clavate ous nae ne as .. enidiiformis,
"’\Hymenium purplish-blue; sporidia elliptic; para- :

physes slender, subclavate oe aig .. violacea.
Hymenium varying from yellowish to purple;

sporidia elliptic ; paraphyses stout, clavate .. undata.
(Hymenium pale ochraceous; paraphyses linear .. tectoria.

Hymenium pale ochraceous ; paraphyses clavate .. viridaria.
Hymenium ochraceous; paraphyses subclavate; grow-

ing on wood.. oe ae é% oe »- mellea,
3. {Hymenium cinnamon; paraphyses linear .. -. ampliata.
Hymenium blackish-brown; paraphyses clavate, not
branched... aes a ane oe -. sepiatia.
Hymenium blackish-brown ; paraphyses pyriform
{ and branched os oe “a ea .» sterigmatizans.

A. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC, ASPERATE,

44, Peziza lividula. Phil.

Cup obconical, becoming expanded, at length appla-
nate, fleshy, glabrous, livid-purple or fuliginous; margin
entire; hymenium convex, undulating; asci cylindrical ;
sporidia 8, elliptic, asperate, 18—20 x 10u; paraphyses
septate, clavate at the apices. (Plate IV. fig. 18.)

Peziza lwidula—Phil. in Cooke’s “ Mycogr.,” fig. 277.

On the ground in damp spots. Autumn.

Name—Lividus, lead-colour ; somewhat lead-colour.

Near Shrewsbury !

45. Peziza brunneo-atra. Desm.

Cup sessile, solitary, largish, nearl lane, entire
fleshy, fragile, smooth, brown-black ; zeae cylindrical :
sporidia 8, ovate, subhyaline, minutely asperate, 20 x 10u ;
paraphyses clavate at the apices. ;

Peziza brumneo-atra—Desm., “Crypt. Fr,” i. 826;

PEZIZA. 7

« Ann. Sc. Nat.,” 1836, ili, 244; B. and Br., “Ann. Nat.
Hist.,” No. 1157, t. 4, £ 18; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2006 ;
“Mycogr.,” fig. 78. Alewria brunneo-atra— Gill,
“ Champ.,” p. 53, ¢ i.

Exs.—Desm., “ Crypt. Fr.,” i. 826, ii. 26.

On the ground. Spring.

Name—Brunneus, deep brown, and ater, black.

Leigh Woods, near Bristol! (Mr. C. E. Broome and
Mr. Spencer Perceval). ~

B. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC, SMOOTH.

46. Peziza purpurascens. Pers.

Cup sessile, campanulate, then expanded, conically
attenuated to the base, livid-purple, glabrous; asci
cylindrical ;-sporidia 8, elongate-elliptic, biguttulate,
smooth, 20—22 x 7-5u; paraphyses filiform, thickened
upwards.

Peziza purpurascens—Pers., “Myco. Eur.,” p. 242, t. 12,
f. 10; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. 65; Gonn. and Rabh.,
“Myco. Eur.” t. 3, f. 3; Cooke, “Grevillea,” v. p. 60;
“Mycogr.,” fig. 276. Aleuria purpurascens — Gill,
“ Champ.,” p. 48, ¢. 1.

Exs.—Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,” ii. 543.

On the ground. Autumn. j

Cup 4 to 1 inch broad. The sporidia are fusiform.

Name— Purpuracens, inclining to purple.

Shrewsbury ! King’s Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright).

47. Peziza tectoria. Cooke.

Cup sessile or substipitate, globose, afterwards ex-
panded, applanate; hymenium plane,subumbilicate, pallid-
ochraceous ; externally whitish, furfuraceous, becoming
smooth; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth,
18—20 x 9—10u; paraphyses filiform. .

Peziza tectoria—Cooke in “ Grevillea,” iii. p. 119;
“Mycogr.,” fig. 268; Phil, “Trans. Woolhope Club,”
1876, p. 224, with figure.

On damp plaster walls. Summer and autumn.

78 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

At first appearing as a small white furfuraceous ball,
seated on a white mycelium, } of an inch broad; when
old becoming irregular, 12 inches broad, margin split
and jagged.

Name—Tectus, the roof; from its habitat.

Dwelling-house, Shrewsbury! Union Workhouse,
Shrewsbury ! Herefordshire County Asylum ! (Dr. Chap-
man). Edinburgh, on timber in a house that had been
burnt down (Dr. M.C. Cooke). Botanical Gardens, Edin-
burgh; and Epping (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Marlborough
(Dr. M, C. Cooke).

48, Peziza ampliata, Pers.

Cup sessile, fleshy, fragile, thin, expanding directly
from the base, nearly cinnamon, externally pallid, nearly
smooth; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth,
18 x 194; paraphyses linear, slightly thickened upwards.

Peziza ampliata—Pers., “Icon. et Deser.,” p. 31, t. 3,
f. 4; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. 76; Cooke, “Mycogr.,”
fig. 384. Alewria ampliata—GilL, “ Champ.,” p. 47.

On rotting wood and bark of oak, poplar, ete.
Autumn and winter.

Cup 4 an inch to 1 inch or more broad.

Name—Amoplio, to enlarge ; widened out.

Near Hereford! Guildford! (Mr. Thomas Howse).
Cawdor Castle, N.B.!| Hanham Woods, near Bristol ;
Kew Gardens (Dr. M. C. Cooke).

49. Pezizamellea. Cooke and Plow.

Cup solitary, sessile, hemispherical, glabrous, be-
coming applanate, ochraceous ; margin incurved; hyme-
nium honey-coloured ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic,
smooth, 20 x 1lu; paraphyses slightly clavate at the
apices.

Peziza mellea—Cooke and Plow., “ Grevillea,” v. 119;
Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” fig. 383.

On decaying ash.

Cup about 6 lines broad; the margin of the cups

PEZIZA. 79

slightly elevated and curved inwards ; disc honey-coloured
or cream-coloured, externally darker.

Name—WMei, honey ; from the colour,

King’s Lynn (Mr. C. B. Plowright).

50. Peziza undata. Smith.

Cup medium size, stipitate, rooting, fleshy; hyme-
nium slightly concave, afterwards expanded, then re-
flexed, generally corrugated, yellowish, buff, grey, purple,
or pallid; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth,
10 x 5u; paraphyses stout, enlarged upwards.

Peziza wndata—Smith in “Grevillea,” i. p. 136, t. 10,
figs. 1, 2; “Grevillea,” iii. fig. 44; Cooke, “Mycogr,,” fig.
279.

On stems of tree ferns. May.

Cup 4 to 2 of an inch broad.

Name— Unda, a wave; waved.

Veitch’s Nursery, Chelsea (Mr. W. G. Smith).

51. Pezizasepiatra. Cooke.

Cups sessile or substipitate, gregarious, hemispherical,
soon expanded, becoming applanate; hymenium plane,
umbilicate, blackish-brown, margins lightly elevated ;
externally umber-brown, subfurfuraceous ; asci cylin-
drical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 20—22 x lly; para-
physes clavate at the apices.

Peziza sepiatra—Cooke in “Grevillea,” iii, 119, fig.
135; “ Mycoger.,” fig. 261.

Exs.—Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.” 184; Phil. “ Elv. Brit.,”
105.

On the ground in damp, shady places; on road-
scrapings, etc. Spring.

" Cup 4 an inch broad, often less, rather brittle. The
margin is minutely crénulated, incurved, and paler than
the dise. The cells forming the exterior of the cup are
30u diameter. ;

Name—Sepia, a pigment, ater, black ; brownish black.

Shelton Rough, Shrewsbury! Baschurch, Salop!
Henbury Churchyard, near Bristol (Mr. Spencer Perceval).

89 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Forres, N.B. (Rev. Dr. Keith). Epping and Highgate
(Dr. M. ©. Cooke).

52. Peziza subrepanda. Cooke and Phil.

Cups scattered or gregarious, patelliform, fleshy, pale
buff; externally paler, farinaceous; margin dentate; asci
cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 20 x 9u; para-
physes filiform, scarcely thickened above.

Peziza subrepanda—Cooke and Phil. “ Mycogr.,” fig.
260.

On the ground, charcoal beds, ete.

Cup scarcely 4 an inch broad, very neat and delicate,
pale fleshy tan colour, with a regular dentate margin.

Name—Sub and repand, bent back ; somewhat bent
back.

Near Shrewsbury ! wood near Ludlow !

58. Peziza sterigmatizans. Phil.

Cup sessile, concave, becoming expanded and repand,
variously contorted, black-brown; margin crenulated ;
asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 18 x 9u;
paraphyses stout, septate, apices clavate, forked, shortly
branched, hyaline.

oe sterigmatizans—Phil., Cooke’s “ Mycogr.,” fig.
304.

On damp ground. Autumn.

Cup scarcely an inch broad; paraphyses thick, sep-
tate, clavate at the tips, either furcate ‘above, or with
short lateral branches or bud-like processes.

__ Name—orfprypa, a support; the paraphyses being
like sterigmata.

On the side of a damp ditch, Shrewsbury !

54, Peziza cribrosa. Grev.

Cup solitary, black, concave, attenuated downward,
rugulose; hymenium full of lacerated irregular pores ;
margin entire; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic,
hyaline, smooth, 20 x 8—9u; paraphyses septate, clavate
apices.

PEZIZA. 81

Peziza cribrosa—Grev., “Flo. Edin.,” 423; Cooke,
“ Mycogr.,” fig. 381. Helotiwm cribroswum—Berk., Cooke’s
“ Handbk.,” i. 713.

On the ground in sandy or gravelly places amongst
short grass. Autumn.

Large, $ to 1 inch broad, hemispherical, at length
partly spreading, but always deeply concave, wholly
black, but deeper within, somewhat rugose at the base
externally ; margin entire, even (Grev., l. c.).

Name—Cribrum, a sieve ; from the pitted hymenium.

Balmuto, near Edinburgh (Dr.- Greville). Between
Inverness and the west coast (Dr. Greville and Dr.
Hooker in 1821).

55. Peziza exidiiformis. B. and Br.

Cups gregarious, orbicular, lurid purple; margin
elevated, inflexed ; hymenium cribrose ; stem incrassated
upwards; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, broadly elliptic,
biguttulate, smooth, 17 x 10u; paraphyses subclavate at
the apices.

Peziza exidiiformis—B, and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,”
No. 1480; “ Grevillea,” iii. 120; Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” fig. 60.

On silver sand and rotten wood. March.

Cup 2 lines or more wide; contracting very much
when dry.

Name—Lwidia, a genus of fungi, forma, form ; from
its likeness to an Laidia.

Cork (Mr. D. Saunders). Stannage Park, Radnor-
shire (Mr. C. E. Broome). Glamis, N.B. (Rev. J.
Stevenson).

56. Peziza violacea. Pers.

Cups gregarious, fleshy, glabrous, at first globose,
then campanulate, purplish blue, orbicular, regular, with
asthick stem-like base; margin spreading, entire, sub-
repand; externally pallid, whitish at the base; asci
cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 12—14 x 7—9p;
paraphyses slightly clavate at the apices. ;

Peziza violacea—Pers., “Syn. Fung.,” p. 639 ; Fries,

G

8&2 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

“Sys. Myco.,” ii. 65; Karst., “Mon. Pez.,” p. 116; Karst.,
“Myco. Fenn,” 57; Nyl., “ Pez. Fenn.,” 14; Gonn. and
Rabh., “ Myeo. Eur.,” iii. t.3, £25; “ Grevillea,” iii. fig. 34,
Cooke, “Mycogr.,” fig. 278. Alewria violacea—Gill.,,
“Champ.,” p. 47.

Exs.—Karst., “ Fung. Fenn.,” 455,

On the ground. May to October.

Cups about 3 lines broad.

Name-—- Violaceus, of a violet colour.

Monkstown, Dublin ! (Mr. Greenwood Pim).

57. Peziza viridaria. B. and Br.

Cup sessile, globose, then hemispherical, at length
expanded, watery-grey; externally rough with brown
furfuraceous particles; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8,
broadly elliptic, smooth, 12 x 6°54; paraphyses clavate
at the apices, and filled with brown granules.

Peziza viridaria—B. and Br., “ Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No.
555; Berk., “Outl.,” 364; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 1988;
Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” fig. 262.

On damp walls and water-butts. Autumn and
winter.

Cup } to 4 an inch broad, pale watery-brown, or
cinereous, sessile, springing from a white cottony effused _
stratum.

Name—Viridariwm, a greenhouse; from its habitat.

Wall of a greenhouse, King’s Cliffe (Rev. M. J.
Berkeley). Clifton, near Bristol! (Mr. Cedric Bucknall).

Suscenus IX.—HvuMARIA.

Cups sessile, entire, hemispherical, then flattened,
rather thick, fleshy, mostly highly coloured. (Plates IV.
V. figs. 19-22.)

Name—Humus, moist earth; from the usual habitat.

ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPEciEs.
A. Sporidia globose.
(a) Epispore reticulated. . Ba -» species 58-59
(b) Epispore spiaulose .. i tis » 60

2

PEZIZA.

83

(ce) Epispore echinulate .. ee ». species 61

. _(d) Epispore smooth .. a on os
B. Sporidia elliptic.

(a) Epispore asperate .. oe we ”

(0) Epispore smooth .. a ae *
o. Sporidia subfusiform.

(a) Epispore smooth .. es a 5

Key To THE SPECIES.

Sporidia globose at or fs bs ee
Sporidia elliptic 6 aye a aN oe
Sporidia fusiform ol a aie iy
Sporidia rough

1. {ronda smooth

Sporidia reticulated ; margin ‘of cup ‘white. .

Sporidia reticulated ; margin same colour as dise. .
*)Sporidia spinulose .. acs 55 ee .

Sporidia warted

Hymenium yellowish-vermilion ; margin crenulate

Hymenium vermilion ; margin entire P
* |) Hymenium violet as on ass xs a

Hymenium brown .. ae Bis a ae

{ Sporidia rough i ne as ais i

*\Sporidia smooth

Hymenium vinous-brown ; cup sessile ; paraphyses
purple

«)Hymenium red-brown ; cup substipitate; para

physes orange-red ..
Hymenium orange-red ; cup externally pallid
Hymenium orange-red ; cup éxternally pee brown
(Hymenium flesh-red .. ome oe Se
;Hymenium dull salmon-colour ea
Hymenium bright salmon-colour
4Hymenium scarlet .. a

: Hymenium yellow ..

Hymenium brown-

Hymenium green ee an
Margin fimbriate ; paraphyses branched, yellow gue
Margin fimbriate ; paraphyses branched. ‘orange-red

‘)Margin fimbriate ; PeraLlyeee unbranched, yellow

Margin entire .. ee
Exterior of cup brown ; hymenium oran gered

. «Exterior of cup pale, subfribillose

Exterior of cup blood-red, glabrous . .
Margin of cup obtuse, glabrous -
Margin of cup ciliated with white deciduous hairs

*)Margin of cup granular

Margin of cup crenulate .

Paraphyses linear, curved ; exterior of cup dark
brown

Paraphyses” clavate, straight " exterior of : cup yel
lowish-brown ati é ie me

62-65

66-69
70-92

93-97

1

4

14

2

3

Crouani.
letirubra.
aspertor.
Wrightit.
Polytrichi.
constellatio.
violacens.
——

6
Phillipsit.

vivida.
rutilans,
Chater#.
maurilabra.
Keithit.
salmonicolor.

9
12

Jungermanniz.

axillaris.
leucoloma.
pilifera.

8

macrocystis.
Sowerbei.
humosa.
convecula,
ascoboloides
10

ll

szanthomelu.

granulata.

84 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

(Paraphyses clavate, branched ; exterior of cup dark

brown as oe ihe ae aie .. lechethina.
11, JParaphyses linear, not branched: exterior of cup
*) pale ochre .. a a tee ws
Paraphyses linear, not branched; exterior of cup
| orange-yellow ace a ae a .. glumarum.
Margin of cup dentate; paraphyses clavate, brown hepatica.
12. {Margin of cup granular ; paraphyses linear +. cervaria,
Margin of cup glabrous 5 a5 af mee |
(Paraphyses much branched; cells of cup very small misture.
Paraphyses not branched, clavate, dirty yellow .. Oocardié.
Paraphyses not branched, clavate, brown .. +. depressa.

semi-immersa.

13.

Paraphyses absent ; cells of cup very large.. -» bovina.
Paraphyses linear, curved; cups hemispherical,
14 scattered .. a3 ar ae ae -. corallina.

* ) Paraphyses linear, curved ; cupsturbinate, crowded Rowmegueré.
Paraphyses clavate .. Bs as es .- 15
Externally slightly granulose as a +. cagbonigena,

15. (Externally tomentose af oe oe «. fusispora.
Pubescent towards the margin as oe -- ollaris.

A. SPORIDIA GLOBOSE.
(a) Epispore reticulate.
58. Peziza Crowani. Cooke.

Cup scarlet, fleshy, glabrous, urceolate, becoming
hemispherical ; hymenium applanate; margin membra-
naceous, reflexed, whitish ; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8,
globose, reticulated, 16—18u; paraphyses filiform, simple
or ira thickened towards the apices. (Plate IV.
fig. 19.

Peziza Crowani—Oooke in “Grevillea,” iii. fig. 61;
“ Mycogr.,” fig. 17. Peziza Polytrichi—Karst., “Mveo.
Fenn.,” p. 62; Nyl, “Pez. Fenn,” p. 22. Ascobolus
Crowani—Cooke, “Jour. Bot.,” 1864, f. 3; B. and Br,,
“Ann. Nat. Hist.” No. 1085, t. 16, f. 26; Cooke,
“Handbk.,” No. 2198. Lamprospora miniata—De Not.,
“Disc,” p. 84. Ascobolus miniatus—Crouan, “ Amn.
Se. Nat.,” 1858, x. p. 197, t. 18, f. 44-47 (non Preuss) ;
Currey “Linn. Trans.,” xxiv. p. 495, t. 51, fig. 19.
Crouant miniata—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,” p- 320; Pat.,
p. 39,f. 96. Alewria Crowani—Gill., “ Champ.,” p. 50, ¢.i.

Exs.—Oooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” 285, ii. 192; Fekl., “¥F.
Rh.,” 1853; Rabh., « Fung. Eur.,” 658 and 1624,

PEZIZA, 85

On the earth amongst mosses, and on the tops of
walls. Spring and autumn.

Cup 3 to 5 lines broad.

Name—After M. Crouan.

Slate quarry, Wivelscombe; Ilford, Essex (Rev. M.
J. Berkeley). Ascot (Mr.‘C. E. Broome), Shere, Surrey ;
Chichester; Exeter (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Clifton, near
Bristol! (Mr. C. Bucknall). Garden wall, Shrewsbury !
Hampstead Canal, near Birmingham (Mr. W. B. Grove).

59. Peziza letirubra. Cooke.

Cups gregarious, sessile, concave, becoming applanate,
entire, glabrous, marginate, cinnabarine, colour unchange-
able; asci cylindrical, stipitate; sporidia 8, globose,
guttulate, hyaline, epispore reticulated, 16—18u; para-
physes filiform, filled with orange granules.

Peziza letirubra—Cooke in “Grevillea,” iii. f 56;
“ Mycogr.,” f. 20. Crowania cinnabarina—Fckl.,“Symb.
Mye.,” App. ii. 64 (non Peziza cinnabarina—Schw.).
| On sandy soil. -

Cup 4 to 1 line broad; epispore very faintly re-
ticulated.

Name—Leetus, bright or cheerful, ruber, red ; bright
red.

Wootton Heath, near King’s Lynn! (Mr. C. B. Plow-
right).

(b) Epispore spinulose.
60. Peziza asperior. Nyl.

Scattered, vermilion-tawny, applanate; externally
covered with short brown hairs; asci cylindrical; sporidia
8, spherical or subspherical, epispore rough with papilla,
20—22u; paraphyses slightly clavate at the apices.

Peziza asperior—Nyl. “Pez. Fenn.” p. 21; Karst.,
“Mon. Pez.” 128; “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 75 (ex. syn);
“ Grevillea,” iii. f, 216 ; Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” f. 51; Grove’s
i“ Jour. Bot.,” 1885, p. 133.

Exs.—Rehm, “ Asco.,” No. 3.

86 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

On damp earth. Autumn.

Name—Asper, rough ; rough-spored.

Between Hampton and Berkswell, Warwickshire !
(Mr. W. B. Grove).

(c) Epispore echinulate.
61. Peziza Wrightii. Berk. and Curtis.

Cups scattered, sessile, hemispherical, becoming plane,
scarlet; externally furfuraceo-granulated ; asci cylindrical ;
sporidia 8, subglobose, at first smooth, afterwards _be-
coming echinulate, 10—11,; paraphyses filiform, branched,
apices clavate.

Peziza Wrightii—Berk. and Curtis, “ Ann. Nat. Hist.,”
No. 1064, t. xv. fig. 16; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2002;
“ Grevillea,” iii. t. 30, figs. 58, 62 ; “ Mycogr.,” fig. 18.

On trunks of trees covered with Hypnum serpens.
March.

Cup # to 1 line broad.

Name—After Mr. C. Wright.

Bodelwyddan, Flintshire (Rev. M. J. Berkeley).

(d) Epispore smooth.
(a) Hymeniwm vermilion.
62. Peziza constellatio. B. and Br.

Cups scattered, sessile, rather fleshy, glabrous, con-
eave, becoming applanate, vermilion, margin entire;
asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, globose, smooth, 13—14u;
paraphyses linear, curved apices, filled with orange
granules.

Peziza constellatio—B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,’
No. 1620; Cooke, “Grevillea,” iv. p. 110; « Mycogr.,”
fig. 81; Pat. p. 169, f. 872. Peziza hwmosa—Rehm,
“ Asco.,” No. 4 (nec Fries). Alewria constellatio—Gill.,
“Champ.,” p. 207.

Exs.—Rehm, “ Asco.,” No. 4; Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,”
ed. ii. 652. ‘

On the ground,

PEZIZA &7

Cups 4 to 1 line broad.

Name—Con, together, stella, a star; like groups of
stars.

Wrotham (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Doward Rocks,
Herefordshire! (Mr. Spencer Perceval). Oram’s Hill,
Glamis, N.B.! (Rev. J. Stevenson). Near Hereford!

63. Peziza Polytrichi. Schum.

Cup subsessile, orbicular, a little concave, cinnabarine;
externally paler, clothed with fasciculate flocci; asci
cylindrical; sporidia 8, globose, smooth, 11—13y; para-
physes filiform, filled with orange-red granules.

Peziza Polytrichi—Schum., “Saell.,” p. 423; “Flo.
Dan.,” +. 1916, f. 1; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. 70 (non
Karsten nec Nylander); Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” fig. 50.
Peziza lewcoloma—Karst., “ Myco. Fenn.,” 63(2). Aleuria
polytricht—Gill, “ Champ.,” p. 50.

On the ground amongst Polytrichum. Summer and
autumn.

Cup 1} to 3 lines broad.

Name—Polytrichum, a genus of mosses; from the
habitat.

On Tortula rigida, on a wall, Buckingham ! (Mr. E,
M. Holmes).

(8) Hymenium red, becoming brown.

64. Peziza schizospora. Phil.

Cups gregarious, sessile, urceolate, then applanate,
red, becoming brown, externally pruinose ; asci cylindri-
cal; sporidia 8, globose, guttulate, smooth, 124; para-
physes filiform, summits clavate, filled with red granules.

Peziza schizospora—Phil. in “Grevillea,” iii. fig. 59;
Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” fig. 80.

On burnt sandy soil. Autumn.

Cup 2 to 3 lines broad. The nucleus of the sporidia
becomes free when the epispore is ruptured. The external
cells of the cup differ from those of P. hinnulea (B. and
Br.), and it has not any short hairs as that species has.

88 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Name—oyiZw, to cleave, oropa, a seed; from the
splitting of the epispore.
Wrekin, Salop!

(y) Hymenium violet.
65. Peziza violascens. Cooke.

Cup subhemispherical, brownish-violet, whitish at
the base, furnished with pallid rooting fibres; hymenium
violet, plane, or a little convex; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8,
globose, uniguttulate, smooth, 8—9y ; paraphyses filiform,
apices curved.

Peziza violascens—Cooke in “Mycogr.,” fig. 83.
Ascobolus Persvonii—Crouan, “ Flo. Fin.,” p. 56. Aleuria
violascens—Gill, “Champ.,” p. 49; Boud., “ Ascob.,”

. 67.
On damp sandy ground amongst moss.

Cup 2} to 3 lines broad, fleshy, glabrous, margin
entire. :

Name— Viola, a violet; approaching a violet colour.

Shelton Rough, near Shrewsbury !

B. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC,

(a) Epispore asperate.
(a) Hymenium reddish-brown.
66. Peziza vivida. Nyl.

Cups substipitate, gregarious or scattered, fleshy,
cup-shaped, rather deeply excavated, reddish-brown,
externally paler, flocculose; margin entire, acute; asci
cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, elliptic, very minutely
granulate, 23 x 124; paraphyses septate, apices clavate,
filled with red granules.

Peziza vivida—Nyl. in “Flora,” 1865, p. 476; “Pez.
Fenn.,” p. 22; Gonn. and Rabh., “Myco. Eur.,” iii. t. 4,
f. 3; “Grevillea,” iii. p. 120, fig. 80; Cooke, “ Mycogr.,”
fig. 53. Peziza Polytrichi—Rabh., “Herb. Myco.,” ii.
p. 310. Alewria vivida—Gill., “Champ.,” p. 54.

PEZIZA. 89

Exs.—Rabh., “ Herb. Myco.,” ii. 310.

Amongst moss.

Cup 23 lines broad. When detached from the moss
and soil, the base is often extended into a stem.

Name— Vividus, lively ; from the lively colour.

Wiltshire (Mr. C. E. Broome). Rannoch, N.B. (Dr.
Buchanan White).

(8) Hymeniwm orange-yellow.
67. Peziza rutilans. Fries.

Cups sessile or substipitate, gregarious, campanulate,
then expanded; hymenium orange-yellow, externally
paler, slightly pubescent; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8,
elliptic, very minutely granulated, 26 x 1lu; paraphyses
septate, apices clavate, filled with red granules. (Plate IV.
fig. 20.)

Peziza rutilans—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. 68; Cooke,
“ Handbk.,” No. 1994; “ Grevillea,” iii. fig. 74; “Mycogr.,”
fig. 57; Karst. “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 45. Aleuria rutilans
—Gill, “Champ.” p. 53, ¢. i.

Exs.—Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.” 475, ii. 188; Fekl, “F.
Rh.,” 1222; Phil, “Elv. Brit,” 15; Roumg., “Fung.
Gal.,” 774.

On the ground amongst moss. Autumn,

Cup } to 4 an inch broad.

Name—Rutilo, to be reddish.

Hanham, Chislehurst, Blackheath (Rev. M. J. Berke-
ley). Epping (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Lynwilg, N.B. (Rev.
Dr. Keith). Wrekin and Haughmond Hills, Shrews-
bury!

(vy) Hymenium orange-red.
68. Peziza Chateri. Smith.

Cup sessile, concave, afterwards expanded; hyme-
nium orange-red; externally pale brown; margin in-
curved ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, biguttulate,
asperate, 12 X 5u; paraphyses thickened towards the
apices.

90 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Peziza Chateri—W. G. Smith in Gard. Chron., 1872,
p. 9, with figure; “Jour. Bot.,” 1872, p. 86; “Grevillea,”
i p. 120, t. 8, figs. 1, 2, vol. iii. fig. 68; “Mycogr.,”

fig. 62.
Exs.—Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” 1517.
On the ground.

Cup 2 to 6 lines broad, composed of clavate, pale
brown, septate cells, whose tips give a granulated ap-
pearance to the outer surface, which is without hairs
(Smith, J. ¢.).

Name—After Mr. J. J. Chater.

On road-earth, Cambridge (Mr. J. J. Chater). Whit-
cliffe Bay, Isle of Wight! (Mr. T. Howse). ;

(8) Hymenium vinous- black.

69. Peziza Phillips. Cooke.

Cups sessile, scattered, fleshy, cupulate, afterwards
expanded, externally fuliginous, rough with granules;
hymenium vinous-black, plane ; margin sometimes crenu-
late; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, attenuated at
each end, verrucose, 25 X 11u; paraphyses septate, apices
clavate, purple.

Peziza Phillipsi—Cooke in “Mycogr.,” fig. 88.
Ascobolus amethystimus—Phil. (in part), “ Grevillea,” iv.
p. 84

On damp sandy ground. October.

Cup 2 to 4 lines broad. Found mixed with Asco-
bolus amethystinus (Phil.). It differs from that species
in the deeper vinous disc; in the intense amethystine
colour of the gelatina-hymenia; the cylindrical and
longer indehiscent asci ; larger and more fusiform sporidia,
which are more coarsely warted, and never coloured; in
the shorter paraphyses, and other points, so that there
is not the slightest ground for the supposition that one
is any form or condition of the other, except in their
growing together (Cooke, Ll. c.).

Name—After W. Phillips.

Near Shrewsbury !

PEZIZA. 91

(b) Epispore smooth,
(a) Hymeniwm some shade of red.

70. Peziza macrocystis, Cooke.

Cups sessile, gregarious or scattered, cup-shaped, at
length applanate ; hymenium concave, orange-red ; margin
entire, elevated ; externally brown, glabrous, or slightly
granulose ; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, oblongo-elliptic,
biguttulate, smooth, 20 x 94; paraphyses clavate apices,
filled with orange granules.

Peziza macrocystis—Cooke in “Mycogr.,” fig. 63.
Peziza subhirsuta, var. macrocystis—Cooke in “ Gre-
villea,” i. 129.

Exs.—Phil., “ Elv. Brit.” 59; Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,”
ed. ii. 651.

On burnt ground. Autumn.

Cup 1 to 2 lines broad.

The external cells of the cup are very large. It is
otherwise very near P. subhirsuta.

Name—npaxpoc, large, xiaric, a bladder; from the
large cells of the receptacle.

Ercall Hill, Wellington, Salop !

71. Peziza leucoloma. Hedw.

Cups sessile, scattered, concave, then plane, red ; margin
minutely fimbriate with white flocci; asci cylindrical ;
sporidia 8, elliptic, biguttulate, smooth, 18—20 x 9—10y;
paraphyses clavate at the apices.

Peziza leucoloma— Hedw., “ Mus. Frond.,” t. 4, fig. 4;
Rebent., p. 886; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. 71; “Eng. Flo.,”
v. p. 191; B. and Br,, “Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 1156*, t.
38, £. 16, No. 768; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” 2000; “Grevillea,”
iii. fig. 72; “ Mycogr.,” fig. 28. Leucoloma Hedwigii—
Fekl, “Symb. Myco.,” 317. <Aleuria leucoloma—Gill.,
“Champ.,” p. 56.

Exs,—Fck1, “ F. Rh.,” 1219.

On the ground amongst moss. Autumn.

Cup 1 to 14 lines broad.

92 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Name—2¢uxde, white, Apa, a border ; white-margined.

Northamptonshire (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Near
Bristol (Mr. H. O. Stephens). Shere, Surrey (Dr. Capron).
Bathford, near Bath (Mr. C. E. Broome).

72. Peziza humosa. Fries.

Cup sessile, fleshy, between concave and plane,
glabrous, blood-red; margin entire; asci cylindrical ;
sporidia 8, broadly elliptic, smooth, 22—24 x 10—12n;
paraphyses somewhat branched, apices clavate.

Peziza lwmosa—Fries, “Obs. Myco.,” p. 809; Fries,
“Sys. Myco.,” ii. 71; “Eng. Flo.” v. p. 191; Cooke,
“ Handbk.,” 2001 ; “ Grevillea,” iii. fig. 71 (not Fekl, “ F.
Rh.,” 2290); B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,” 1156*, t. 3,
f.15; Cooke, “Mycogr.,” fig. 25. Aleuwria humosa—Gill,
“Champ.,” p. 56, ¢ i.

Exs.—Cooke, “Fung. Brit.” i. 475; Rabh., “Fung.
Eur.,” 715.

On the naked ground. Autumn.

Cup 1 to 2 lines broad.

Name—Humus, moist earth; from the habitat.

Bowood; Hanham; Ascot; Shere (Rev. M. J. Berkeley).
Near Hereford (Dr. M. C. Cooke). King’s Lynn (Mr. C.
B. Plowright). Glamis! (Rev. J. Stevenson). Epping
(Dr. M. C. Cooke). Pulborough! (Mr. Spencer Perceval).

73. Peziza Sowerbet. Cooke.

Cups substipitate, scattered, orange-red, externally
paler, sub-fibrillose; stem short, attenuated downwards;
asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 8—9 x 4
paraphyses (?).

eziza araneosa—Sow., “Fung.,” +. 365, fig. 5;
“Grevillea,” iii. fig. 64; Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” fig. 55.

Exs.—Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” 30.

On bark and wood amongst moss.

Cups 23 lines broad.

Name—After Jas. Sowerby.

Batheaston (Mr. C. E. Broome).

PEZIZA. 93

74. Peziza axillaris. Nees.

Cup sessile, firm, fleshy, cupulate, orange, paler at
the base; margin obtuse; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8,
elliptic, smooth, 12 x 5—6u; paraphyses linear, slightly
incrassated upwards, filled with red granules.

Peziza awillaris—Nees, “Sys.,” p. 258, fig. 267 ; Fries,
“Sys. Myco.,” ii. 145; Pers., “Myco. Eur.,” 514; Cooke,
“Mycogr.,” fig. 91. Leucoloma axillaris—Fckl., “ Symb.
Myco.,” p. 318.

Exs—Fckl., “ F. Rh,” 1176.

On mosses. Spring.

Cup 1 to 2 mm. broad.

Name—Azilla, the armpit; growing in the axil of
a moss.

Scotland, 3000 feet above the sea (Rev. J. Stevenson).
Clova (Mr. Gardner). Invercauld (Mr. C. E. Broome).
Broemar (Mr. C. E. Broome). Rannock (Dr. B. White).

75. Peziza pilifera. Cooke.

Cups scattered, sessile, hemispherical, becoming ap-
planate, orange-red ; externally clothed with evanescent
web-like filaments ; margin connivent or erect, irregularly
fimbriately cleft, pallid ; hymenium plane or a little con-
cave, orange-red; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic,
smooth, 20 x 94; paraphyses filiform, obscurely septate,
sometimes branched, apices sub-clavate.

Peziza pilifera—Cooke in “Mycogr.,” fig. 92. Leuco-
loma ascoboloides— Rehm, “Asco.,” 54; Winter in
“Flora,” 1873 (not Peziza ascoboloides—Mont.; nor De
Notaris ; nor Peziza ascoboloides—Schw.).

Exs.—Rehm, “ Asco.,” 54.

On the ground, Spring. ‘

Cup about 2 a line or more broad.

The external hairs are so delicate and evanescent
that they are seldom to be found on the dried specimens,
and seem to be of the same character ag the delicate
filaments at the base of Peziza omphalodes ; not to be

94: BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

compared with the tomentose species of Sarcoscypha
(Cooke).
Name—Pilus, hair, fera, to bear; clothed with hairs.
Whitfield, Herefordshire ! ;

76. Peziza mawrilabra. Cooke.

Cup sessile, fleshy, concave, margin: becoming crisped,
erenulate; externally blackish-brown, rivulose; hymenium
flesh-red or almost orange; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8,
elliptic, biguttulate, smooth, 17—20 x 7—9u; paraphyses
clavate, orange, sometimes forked.

Peziza mawrilabra—Cooke, “Grevillea,” vi. 64;
“Mycogr.,” fig. 388. Peziza rivulosa—Quelet, in litt,
Alewria maurilabra—Gill., “Champ.,” p. 54, 6 1

On chips and on the ground.

Cup 1 to 23 lines broad.

This somewhat resembles P. melaloma (A. and §.),
but the external cells and margin are distinctly different
(Cooke).

The crenulations of the margin are produced by
projecting bundles of brown, adherent, septate, hair-like
cells,

Name—Maurus, a Moor, labrum, a lip ; black-lipped.

Crane’s Hill, Glamis, N.B. (Rev. J. Stevenson).

77. Peziza granulata. Bull.

Cups sessile, scattered or crowded, at first spherical,
then expanded, ultimately almost plane, margin thick ;
hymenium orange-red; externally fulvous orange, coarsely
granular; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth,
20 x 10u; paraphyses linear, apices clavate, filled with
orange-red granules.

Peziza granulata—Bull., “Champ.,” p. 258, t. 488,
fig. 3; Fries, “ Sys. Myco.,” ii. 67 ; Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,”
p. 47; “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 190. Cooke, “ Handbk.,” 2005 ;
“Mycogr.,” fig. 59. Peziza scabra—*Flo. Dan.,” t. 655.
f. 2. Ascobolus granulatus—Fckl, “Symb. Myco.,” 287,
Aleuria granulata—Gill, “ Champ.,” p. 56.

Exs.—Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” i. 270; Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,”

PEZIZA, 95

724; Phil, “ Elv. Brit.,” 16; Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” 255;
Fekl, “F. Rh.” 1876; Thum., “Mycoth. Univ.,” 123;
Rav., “ Fung. Am.,” 630; Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,” ed. ii. 648.
On cow-dung. Autumn and winter.
Cup 1 to 2 lines or more broad.
This is one of our commonest species, which by its
habitat and granular exterior is easily recognized.
Name—Granus, a grain; from its granulated exterior.
Universally distributed.

(8) Hymenium ochraceous.
78. Peziza conveaula. Pers.

Cup immersed, plane, then convex, sub-immargin-
ate, glabrous, ochraceous flesh-colour; asci cylindrical ;
sporidia 8, elliptic, biguttulate, smooth, 22 x lly; para-
physes septate, apices clavate. ‘

Peziza convecula—Pers., “ Obs.,” p. 85; “ Grevillea,”
iii. fig. 81; Fries,“ Sys. Myco.,” ii. 74; Cooke, “ Mycogr.,”
fig. 36. Leuwcoloma convewula—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,” p.
318. Peziza chrysopthalma—Gerard in “ Bullet. Torr.
Club,” vol. iv. No. 12. Aleuria convexula — Gill,
“ Champ.,” p. 55, @ 1.

Exs.—Fckl, “F. Rh.,” 1875.

On naked soil and amongst mogs. Spring and
autumn.

Cup 1 line broad.

Name—Convexus, convex ; slightly convex.

Crane’s Hill, Glamis (Rev. J. Stevenson).

79. Peziza semi-immersa. Karst.

Peziza somewhat gregarious, sessile, immersed in the
ground, at first subglobose, soon hemispherical, at length
expanded, applanate, very slightly pubescent or glabrous ;
margin unequally crenulate ; pale ochraceous, or between
testaceous and flesh-colour; hymenium deeper colour ;
asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 1 to 2-guttu-
late, smooth, 16—24 x 9—11u; paraphyses filiform, sep-
tate, apices curved.

Peziza semi-immersa—Karst., “Mon. Pez.,” 117;

96 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

“Myco. Fenn.,” p. 45; “ Grevillea,” iii. fig.75 ; “Mycogr.,”

fig. 46.
i On the naked ground damp, and of a sandy nature.
September. ‘

Cup 4 to 2% lines broad.

Very much the colour of the soil, and buried half-way
in the ground. The disc is more decidedly flesh-colour.

Name—Semi, half, immersus, immersed ; half buried
in the soil.

Shelton Rough, Shrewsbury !

(y) Hymenium bright yellow.
80. Peziza ascoboloides. Bert.

Cups scattered or gregarious, sessile, concave, orange-
yellow; hymenium same colour, papillate, granular ;
margin furnished with white deciduous cilia ; asci cylin-
drical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 18 x 104; paraphyses
linear, apices clavate.

Peziza ascoboloides—Bert. in Mont., “Syll.,” p. 185;
“Flo. Chil,” vii. p. 402; Cooke, “Mycogr.,” fig. 352.
Peziza eclecta—B. and Cooke in “Grevillea,” 1876, v.

. 60.
On the ground.

Cup 1 to 14 lines broad. The few scattered hyaline
septate hairs on the surface of the cups are evanescent.

Name—Ascobolus, a genus of fungi, ef8oce, likeness ;
resembling an Ascobolus.

Sibbertoft, Market Harborough (Rev. M. J. Berkeley).
Shrewsbury !

81. Peziza lechithina. Cooke.

Cups gregarious, sessile, egg-yellow, hemispherical,
then applanate, becoming convex, margin narrow, distinct,
crisped ; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth,
25 x 124; paraphyses septate, apices clavate, filled with
orange granules.

Peziza lechithina—Cooke in “Grevillea,” iv. p. 110;
“ Mycogr.,” fig. 89.

On old trunks crossing a stream. Autumn.

PEZIZA. 97

Cup 23 lines broad.

It can at once be recognized as wholly different from
anything previously described. The cups were grouped
on a spot five or six inches in length and two or three
inches broad, on a decorticated trunk, saturated with
water, in contiguity to Peziza scutellata (Dr. Cooke).

N ame—Aex/Boe, the yolk of an $88 5 ; from its colour.

Forden, Montgomeryshire (Dr. M. C. Cooke).

82. Peziza glumarum. Desm.

Cups crowded, sessile, when young conical, globose,
covered with white flocci, becoming concave or nearly
plane, glabrous, flexuose, orange-yellow; margin nearly
lacerated, white; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic,
smooth, 18 xX 104; paraphyses linear.

Peziza glumarum—Desm., “Ann. Se. Nat.,” 1841,
xv. p. 129; “ Grevillea,” iii. fig. 77; Cooke, “Mycogr.,”
39. Aleuria glumarum—Gill, “ Champ.,” p. 55.

Exs.—Desm., “Crypt. Fr,” 1054, ii, 454; Rabh.,
“Fung. Eur.,” 2967.

On chaff. Spring.

Cup 2 to 5 lines broad.

Name— Gluma, chaff; from its habitat.

Batheaston, near Bath (Mr. C. E. Broome). Cliffe
Pypard, Wilts (Mr. C. E. Broome).

83. Peziza xanthomela. Pers.

Cups gregarious, sessile, somewhat difformed; hyme-
nium subconvex, lutescent; externally blackish brown ;
asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic or oblongo-elliptic,
smooth, 11—12 x 6p; paraphyses filiform, very slender,
apices curved.

Peziza aanthomela—Pers., “ Syn. Fung.,” p. 665;
Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. 74; “ Grevillea,” li. fig. 86 ; Cooke,
is Mycogr., ” 41, <Alewria " zanthomela—Gill, e Champ.,”

" Exs—Rabh,, “Fung, Eur,” 815.
On the ground i in pine woods, and on dead larch-wood.

Autumn.
sag

98: BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Cup 1 to 23 lines broad.
Name—ZavOée, yellow, pede, black ; yellow-black.
Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith).

(8) Hymenium salmon-colour.
84. Peziza salmonicolor. B. and Br.

Cups small, gregarious, hemispherical, becoming
applanate, glabrous, salmon-colour within and without ;
asci eylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, elliptic, eguttulate,
20—22 x 124; paraphyses linear, apices scarcely enlarged
upwards.

Peziza salmonicolor—B. and Br., “ Ann. Nat. Hist.,”
1158, t. iv. £. 19; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2007 ; “Grevillea,”
iii. fig. 202; “ Mycogr.,” fig. 48.

On the sides of a ditch. October.

Cup 4 to 1d lines broad.

Name—Salmo, a salmon, color, colour.

Wood Newton (Rev. M. J. Berkeley).

85. Peziza Keithit. Phil.

Cups minute, gregarious or crowded, sessile, fleshy,
turbinate, then expanded, dull salmon-colour, glabrous ;
hymenium nearly plane, margin obtuse; asci cylindraceo-
clavate ; sporidia 8, oblongo-elliptic, smooth, 15—18 x 7y;
paraphyses scarce or none.

Peziza Keithii—Phil. in “ Myco. Scot.,” p. 308.

On horse-dung. September.

This species has an outline much commoner amongst
the Ascoboli than the Pezize, being thick and fleshy,
the hymenium only slightly depressed, the plant forming
a flattened sphere.

Name—After the Rev. Dr. Keith.

Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith).

(e) Hymenium brown.
86. Peziza Oocardit. (Kalch.)

Cups scattered or gregarious, sessile, orbicular, slightly
scabrous, pallid-brown or rufus-brown, when dry be-

PEZIZA. 99

coming blackish; hymenium somewhat convex or plane,
collapsing when dry ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, broadly
elliptic, smooth, 20—22 x 11—12y; paraphyses septate,
apices clavate.

Peziza Oocardii—* Grevillea,” iii. fig. 207; Cooke,
“Mycogr.,” fig. 47. Peltidiwm Oocardiit—Kalch. in Rabh.,
“ Fung. Eur.,” 521; Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 84; “Scott,
Nat.,” i. (new ser.) 861.

Exs.—Rabh., “Fung. Eur.” 521; Karst. “Fung.
Fenn.,” 636 (var.).

Hy stones and (var. liguiaria—Karst.) on putrid pine-
wood.

Cup 14 to 24 lines broad.

Name—From Oocardiwm, a genus of fresh-water
alge, on one of the species of which it was found
growing.

Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith).

87. Peziza hepatica. Batsch.

Cups gregarious, sessile, concave, vinous-brown, ex-
ternally granulated; margin triangular-dentate ; asci
cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 26—28 x 12u;
paraphyses septate, apices slightly thickened.

Peziza hepatica—Batsch, f. 138; B. and Br., “ Ann.
Nat. Hist.,” 1069, t. 15, f. 19; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” 2104;
“Mycogr.,” fig. 85; Pat, f 211, f 485 (2). <Aleuria
hepatica, Gill, “Champ.,” p. 208.

Exs.—Cooke, “Fung. Brit.” i. 567, ii, 191; Rabh.,
“Fung. Eur.,” 612; Phil, “ Ely. Brit.,” 81.

On the ground and rabbit-dung. January to April.

Cup 1 to 2 lines broad.

When young subglobose and closed, then concave
and flattened, 1 to 2 lines broad, of a watery consistence ;
paraphyses septate, the joints more or less swollen or
inflated ; asci linear ; sporidia elliptic, uniseriate, hyaline,
even, ‘001 Xx -0005 in. (B. and Br.).

Name—jrap, liver ; from its liver-colour. |

Bowwood, Bathford Down, Wilts (Mr. C. E. Broome).
Wrekin, Salop !

100 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

88. Peziza misture. Phil.

Cups crowded or scattered, sessile, concave when dry,
applanate when moist, submarginate, chestnut-brown,
glabrous; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, broadly
elliptic, or subglobose, uniguttulate, smooth, 14—16 x 11p;
paraphyses 1 to 6 times branched, apices pyriform, or
sometimes nearly moniliform or linear.

Peziza misture—Phil. in Gard. Chron. fig. 58,
Sept. 4, 1880.

On a mixture of lime and cow-dung spread on the
trunks of apple-trees. Spring.

Cup } to 1} lines broad.

The cells forming the exterior of the cup are narrowly
cylindrical and parallel; the paraphyses are remarkable
from their habit of branching frequently, and from their
pyriform or moniliform summits, which characters dis-
tinguish it from P. exidiiformis, to which it has a slight
resemblance.

Name—WMistura, a mixture; from its habitat.

Clifton, near Bristol! (Mr. Cedric Bucknall).

89. Peziza cervaria. Phil.

Cups gregarious or crowded, sessile, thick in the
centre, thin at the crenulate margin, glabrous, chestnut-
brown; hymenium concave, waved; asci cylindrical,
abruptly narrowed at the base; sporidia 8, oblongo-
elliptic, smooth, eguttulate, 15 x 74; paraphyses linear,
abundant, forked at the apices,

Peziza cervaria—Phil. in Stevenson’s “ Myco. Scot.,”
p. 808.

On roedeer-dung. July to August.

Cup 4 to 2 lines broad.

This species closely resembles P. hepatica (Batsch),
but differs in having much smaller sporidia, and slenderer
paraphyses, not thickened at the apices, and forked.

Name—Cervarius, belonging to a hart or stag; from
its habitat.

Grantown, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Glamis, N.B.
(Rev. J. Stevenson).

PEZIZA. 101

90. Peziza bovina. Phil.

Cups gregarious, sessile, with obconic base, expanded,
umber-colour, glabrous; disc umbilicate, waved; margin
paler ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic, smooth,
19 X 94; paraphyses scarce or none.

Peziza bovina—Phil. in Stevenson’s “ Myco. Scot.,”
p. 308.

On cow-dung. August.

Cup 4 to 6 lines broad.

Exterior cells of cup very large, 70u in diameter.

Name—Bovina, pertaining to an ox; from its habitat.

Grantown, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith).

91. Peziza depressa. Phil.

Cups gregarious or crowded, sessile, applanate;
hymenium convex, umber-brown, glabrous; margin
searcely elevated ; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic,
smooth, biguttulate, 20 x 134; paraphyses linear, stout,
septate, apices clavate, brown.

Peziza depressa—Phil. in Cooke’s “ Mycogr.,” fig. 392.

On dead branches of willow, on damp ground. July.

Cup 1 to 2 lines broad. This adheres to the wood
by a broadish base, and while moist the whole under side
is pressed against the wood. The disc is convex; the
margin acute, and a little paler. The sporidia are very
variable in size and broadly elliptical. The cells of the
exterior of the cup are medium size, 15 to 20u broad.

Name—Depressus, pressed down; from its applanate
growth.

Almond Park Pool, near Shrewsbury !

(s) Hymenium greenish.
92. Peziza jungermannie. Nees.
Cups scattered, sessile, fleshy, glabrous, blackish-green,
plane, margined; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8,
broadly elliptic, eruginous, smooth, 17 x 92; paraphyses

filiform, branched, apices pyriform, zruginous.
Peziza jungermannie—Nees in Fries, “Sys. Myco.,”

102 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

ii. 144; Cooke, “Mycogr.,” fig. 87. Pseudo-peziza junger-
mannie—Fekl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 291. Ascobolus
jungermannie—B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,” 1082,
t. 16, f. 23; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 138.

Exs—Oooke, “Fung. Brit.” 652; Rabh., “Fung.
Eur.,” 1115.

Amongst Jungermannia.

Cup } to 1 line broad.

Name—Jungermanmia, the name of a genus of Hepa-
tice; from its habitat.

Jedburgh (A. Jerdon). Dolgelly, North Wales;
Shere, Surrey (Dr. M. C. Cooke).

C. SPORIDIA SUBFUSIFORM.
(a) Epispore smooth.

93. Peziza corallina. Cooke.

Cup sessile, glabrous, hemispherical, externally
orange-yellow; hymenium plane, scarlet; asci sub-
clavate; sporidia 8, fusiform, biguttulate, smooth,
30—35 x 6—7; paraphyses linear, somewhat thickened
towards the curved apices, filled with orange granules.
(Plate IV. fig. 21.)

Peziza coralima—Cooke in “Grevillea,” iii. f. 83;
“Mycoer.,” fig. 30. Ascobolus coccimeus—Crouan, “ Ann.
Se. Nat.” 1857, vii. t. 4, f 15; “Flo. Fin,” p. 58.
Leucoloma coccinea—F ckl., “Symb. Myco.,” 318. Alewria
corallina—Gill, “Champ.,” p. 51.

Exs.—F kl, “F. Rh.,” 1854.

On the ground amongst moss,

Cup 1 to 14 lines broad.

Name—xopéAXwov, red coral; from the colour.

Shere, Surrey (Dr. Capron). North Wales! (Mr. B.
Acton).

94. Peziza ollaris. Fries.

Sessile, crowded, hemispherical, then expanded,
whitish pubescent towards the margin; hymenium

PEZIZA, 103

orange-yellow, externally paler ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia.
8, elliptic, uniguttulate, 28—30 x 8u; paraphyses in-
crassated at the apices.

Pezza ollaris—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” p. 68; “Gre-
villea,” iii. f 79; Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” f. 56; B. and Br.,
“Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No, 1828. Alewria ollaris—Gill.,
“Champ.,” p. 51.

Exs.—Rabh., “ Herb. Myco.,” 423

On the ground amongst moss.

Cup 5 lines broad.

Name—Olla, a pot; potted, growing in garden-pots.

Glamis, N.B. (Rev. J. Stevenson). Sufton Court,
Hereford; Symonds Yat, Monmouthshire (Mr. C. E.
Broome)

95. Peziza carbonigena. Berk.

Gregarious or crowded, orange-yellow; cup umbili-
cate, sessile, flexuous, slightly granulose ; asci cylindrical ;
sporidia 8, ellipsoide, narrow at the ends, 22 x 12n;
paraphyses clavate at the apices.

Peaza carbonigena—Berk. in “Flo. Tasm.,” ii. 274;
Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” fig. 29.

On burnt ground. October.

Cups 1 to 3 lines broad, rather crowded, at first
hemispherical, then expanded; margin undulating. The
colour of the Herefordshire specimens was more flesh-
red than orange. The paraphyses were septate, and
nearly torulose at the upper part, and branched.
Sporidia broadly fusiform.

Whitfield, near Hereford !

96. Peziza fusispora. Berk.

Cups gregarious, almost crowded, sessile, hemi-
spherical, plane or a little concave, yellow, tomentose ;
asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, fusiform, slightly attenuated
at each end, biguttulate, smooth, 30—32 x 10u; para-
physes linear, apices slightly thickened and filled with
orange granules. ,

Peziza fusispora—Berk. in Hook.,“ Jour.,” 1846, p. 5;

104 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

“Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 1481; “Grevillea,” iii. fig. 84;
“Mycogr.,” fig. 32.

Exs.—Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,” No. 1812; Rav. “Fung,
Am.,” 174.

On soil mixed with charcoal, and heathy ground.

Cups 1 to 2% lines broad. The external cells of the
cup are very large.

Name—Fusus, a spindle; spores spindle-shaped.

Berwick (Dr. Johnstone). Menmuir (Rev. M. Ander-
son). New Pitsligo (Rev. J. Fergusson).

Var. Aggregata. Berk.

Cups gregarious, confluent, obconic, orange; base
whitish tomentose ; hymenium concave; asci cylindrical ;
sporidia 8, fusiform, eguttulate, smooth, 28—30 x 8u; para-
physes linear, apices clavate, filled with orange granules.

Pexiza aggregata—B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,”
1155; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 1998.

On heathy ground.

Cup scarcely 4 of a line wide.

Name—Aggrego, to assemble; from the confluent
mode of growth.

Berwick (Dr. Johnstone).

Var. Scotica. Rabb.

Varying from nearly white to orange or blood-red
(Steven., “ Myco. Scot.,” p. 305).
On heath and turfy ground. December.

97. Peziza Roumegueri. Karst.
Var. Carnosissima. Phil.

Cups crowded, sessile, extremely fleshy, poculiform,
orange-yellow, glabrous; hymenium plane or very
slightly concave, margin indistinct; asci cylindrical ;
sporidia 8, fusiform, smooth, 16—18 x 5u; paraphyses
linear, apices curved, filled with orange granules,

Peziza Rowmegueri—Karst. in “ Grevillea,” vii. p. 64.
Var. carnosissima—Phil. in “ Grevillea,” x. p.67; “Scott.
Nat.,” vi. 122.

PEZIZA. 105

On decaying vegetable matter.

Cup 4 a line across. Much crowded; dise barely
depressed, so that the cups can hardly be called cups
except in outline, being fleshy to the top. They have no
erect, thin, membranaceous, paler margin, as the type
has, nor are the apices of the paraphyses clavate. The
cells of the exterior of the cup are moderate-sized—
20 to 30u diam.

Name—Carnosus, fleshy ; extremely fleshy.

Glamis, N.B.! (Rev. J. Stevenson).

SuBGENUS X.—PyRonEMA. Fckl.

Cups often densely gregarious, sessile, fleshy, seated
upon or surrounded by a delicate, radiating, web-like,
white mycelium; hymenium at length plane, subconvex
or umbilicate, scarcely marginate, losing colour; sporidia
8, elliptic, smooth. (Plate IV. fig. 22.)

Growing on ashes, burnt ground, plaster walls, and
damp paper.

Some of the species (subhirsuta, and domestica) are,
when young, clothed with delicate fugaceous hairs,
forming a connecting link between Peziza (as here
limited) and Sarcoscypha.

Name—zip, fire; véuw, I inhabit; found in burnt
places.

ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES.

A. Cups glabrous from the first a .. species 98-100
B. Cups at first clothed with fugaceous hairs » 101-102
c. Cups furnixhed with delicate short black hairs ,, 103

p. Doubtful species ie ‘4 » lot

Key To THE SPECIES.

Margin of cup darker than hymenium, and granular melaloma.
Margin same colour as hymenium .. 1
araphyses linear, el slender ; hymenium brick-

red g .. Pegotii.
1. Paraphyses linear, stout: hymenium ‘orange-red +. omphalodes.
Paraphyses clavate; hymenium orange-yellow .. subhirsuta.
[Eerephysee subclavate ; ae salmon-colour.. domestica.
Paraphyses unknown .. 2

2 Hymenium blood-red .. 3s Be a : hemastigma.
*\Hymenium yellowish .. ss oe as «. argillacea.

106 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

A. CUPS GLABROUS FROM THE FIRST.

98. Peziza omphalodes. Bull.

Cups sessile, crowded, often confluent, slightly convex
or plane, orange-red or orange-yellow, seated on a fuga-
ceous white tomentum ; asci subcylindrical ; sporidia 8,
broadly elliptic, eguttulate, smooth, 12 x 5—6u; para-
physes filiform, stout. (Plate V. fig. 22.)

Peziza omphalodes—Bull., “Champ.,” p. 264; Fries,
“Sys. Myco.,” ii. 73; Karst. “Mon. Pez.,” 120; “ Myco.
Fenn.,” p. 48; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2004; “ Mycogr.,”
fig. 65 ; “ Grevillea,” iii. f. 50. Pyronema omphalodes—
Fekl, “Symb. Myco.,” 319. Pyronema Marianum—
Carus, “Nov. Act. N. C.,” xvii. 370. Pyronema confluens
—Tul., “Carp.,” iii, 197. Aleuria omphalodes—GilL,
“Champ.,” p. 48, ¢. 1

Exs.—Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” 256; Rabh., “Fung.
Eur.,” 267, 708 ; Sacc., “ Myco. Ven.,” 268 ; Desm., “ Crypt.
Fr,” i. 428; Fekl, “F. Rh.,” 1218; Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,”
326; Phil, “ Elv. Brit.” 109.

On burnt ground and cinder heaps. Summer and
autumn.

Cup 4 to 1 line broad. It spreads in irregular
patches, often covering a considerable space of ground
where charcoal has been burnt. The white mycelium is
conspicuous when the growth is recent; later on traces
can generally be detected round the base of the cups.

Name—ougarsde, the navel, cidog, appearance ; from
the depressed centre.

Rockingham Forest, Northamptonshire (Rev. M. J.
Berkeley). King’s Cliffe. Apethorpe (Rev. M. J. Berke-
ley). King’s Lynn! (Mr. C. B, Plowright). Bristol (Mr.
Cedric Bucknall). Bredwardine, Herefordshire (Dr. M.
C. Cooke). Caer Caradoc! Wrekin ! Shrewsbury, in my
garden! Whitcliffe, Ludlow !

99. Peziza Piggott. B. and Br.

Cup hemispherical or cyathiform, slightly concave,
fleshy, firm ; hymenium pale brick-red, externally paler ;

PEZIZA. 107

seated on a downy white tapesium; asci cylindrical ;
sporidia 8, elliptic, uniguttulate, smooth, 14—16 x 8—9n;
paraphyses filiform, slender.

Peziza Piggotii—B. and Br., “ Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No.
769 ; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2067.

On plaster ceilings.

Mycelium white, downy, but not spreading very
widely, running up the base of the hemispherical or
eyathiform cups, which are about 2 lines broad; margin
generally acute (B. and Br.).

This is quite distinct from P. domestica, being larger
and firmer in texture, and it has different sporidia.

Name—After Mr. H. Piggot.

Chelmsford (H. Piggot, Esq., in Herb. Berk.).

100. Peziza hemastigma. (Hedw.)

Cups sessile, convex, immarginate, smooth, pale blood-
red; asci cylindracev-clavate, or clavate ; sporidia 8,
broadly elliptic, smooth, 20 x 10u; paraphyses not seen.

Peziza hemastigma—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. 74; B.
and Br., “ Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 1159, t. 4, £ 20; Sturm,
xxxili, t. 11; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2008; “ Mycogr.,”
fig. 70. Octospora hemastigma—Hedw., “ Mus. Frond.,”
t. 5, f. B

On whitewashed walls.

Cup 4 of a line broad. sci short, oblong, sub-
clavate; sporidia biseriate, nearly globose.

Name—aiya, blood, oriypa, a point; forming blood-
like spots.

Pen-y-Gwryd, North Wales (Mr. C. E. Broome).

B. CUPS AT FIRST .CLOTHED WITH SLENDER FUGACEOUS
HAIRS.

101. Peziza domestica. Sow.

Cups sessile,.gregarious, or densely crowded, at first
wart-like, then conical or subcylindrical, at length cyathi-
form, fleshy, salmon-coloured, clothed with slender de-
ciduous hairs,and seated on a fugaceous white tomentum ;

108 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES. :

asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 18 x 8y;
paraphyses filiform, numerous.

Peziza domestica—Sow., “Fung.,” t. 351; “Eng.
Flo.,” v. p. 199; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2066; Phil. and
Plow., “Grevillea,” vi. p. 23. Peziza pluvialis—Cooke,
“Mycogr.,” fig. 90.

Exs.—Phil, “Elv. Brit.” No. 113.

On damp plaster walls and ceilings, on damp paper ;
also on burnt ground.

Name—Domus, a house; from the habitat.

Eastbourne! (Mr. C. J. Miller). King’s Lynn! (Mr. C.
B. Plowright). Clifton, near Bristol! (Mr. C. Bucknall).
Shrewsbury ! Chichester (Dr. M. C. Cooke).

Cup very minute, hardly 4a line broad. The colour
varies from reddish-brown to pale orange-flesh or salmon-
colour; the hairs are very fugaceous.

Sowerby’s figure represents the cups as coated with
rigid brown hairs, but no such hairs are to be seen in
his original specimen, which by the kindness of the
Rev. M. J. Berkeley I have been permitted to examine.

102. Peziza subhirsuta. Schum.

Cups sessile, gregarious, nearly plane, orange-yellow,
externally paler, clothed with a few white scattered,
almost obsolete hairs ; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic,
smooth, 18—20 x lu; paraphyses clavate at the apices,
filled with red granules.

Peziza subhirsuta—Schum., “Flo. Dan.,” t. 1787,
f. 2; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 70; B. and Br, « Ann.
Nat. Hist.” No. 1156, t. 3, £ 14; Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,”
p. 65; Cooke, “Handbk.,” 1999; “ Myeogr.,” fig. 66;
“Grevillea,” iii. f 52. Pyronema subhirsutwum—Fckl ,
“Symb. Myco.,”820. Alewria subhirsuta—Gill, “Champ.,”
p- 49.

Exs.—Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” i. 462; Fekl., “F. Rh.,”
1220.

On the ground in damp places. Autumn.

Cup 1 to 2 lines broad.

Name—Sub, somewhat, hirsutus, hairy.

PEZIZA 109

Forres! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Glamis! (Rev. J. Steven-
son). Roslin, Epping, and Eastbourne (Dr. M. C. Cooke).
Attingham Park, Shrewsbury !

C. MARGIN FURNISHED WITH VERY DELICATE SHORT
BLACK HAIRS.

103. Peziza melaloma. A. and 8.

Cups sessile, crowded, at first concave, then nearly
plane, orbicular, or flexuose, dingy orange ; margin fur-
nished with very delicate black fasciculate hairs; asci
subeylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 15—18 x 10;
paraphyses clavate at the apices.

Peziza melaloma—aA. and S., “Consp.,” p. 336, t. 2,
f. 5; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 69; “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 190;
B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.” No. 88; Karst., “ Myco.
Fenn.,” p. 66; Nyl, “Pez Fenn.” p. 16; Cooke,
“ Handbk.,” No. 1995; “Mycogr.,” fig. 67; “ Grevillea,”
iii. p. 53; Pat, p. 122, f 275 (2). Pyronema melalomum
—Fekl., “Symb. Myco.,” 319. Alewria melaloma—GilL,
“ Champ.,” p. 54,1

. Exs.—Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” 550; Rabh., “ Fung.
Eur.,” 723; Fekl, “F. Rh.,” 1221; Rehm, “ Asco.,” 715.

Cup 2 lines broad. The so-called “very delicate
black hairs” with which the margin is furnished are, in
the British form at least, merely prominent blackish
brown cells, not hairs.

On the ground, especially where fire has been,
Autumn.

Name—pedde, black, A@pua, a border ; black-margined.

Coed Coch; Wraxall, Somersetshire; Ascot; Orton
Longueville (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Glamis, N.B. (Rev.
J. Stevenson). Lilleshall! and Caer Caradoc, Salop!
Kew Gardens! (Dr. M. C. Cooke).

D. DOUBTFUL SPECIES.

104. Peziza argillacea. Sow.

Sessile, yellowish, even, at first urceolate, at length
cracked and torn, rooting at the base, and hairy.

110 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Peziza argillacea—Sow., “Fung.” t. 148; Fries,
“ Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 66; “Eng. Flo.” v. p. 190; Cooke’s
“ Handbk.,” 1992.

On modelling clay.

Occasionally on common black modelling clay, where,
to the artist, it is a troublesome intruder, it being gene-
rally necessary to work the part again to get rid of it.
It is held to the clay by very fine attenuated cobweb-
like fibres from the sides, as it were, to assist the little
knotty root (Sowerby).

The Rev. M. J. Berkeley, in whose possession Sowerby’s
original specimens were, kindly gave me some of the
modelling clay on which the Peziza had grown, but the
Pezizd had long since disappeared. On the surface of
the clay, when it came into my hands, were a number of
small, hard, seed-like bodies partly imbedded, around
some of which was a growth of mould giving them the
appearance of Sowerby’s figure. I have kept the clay
damp under a bell-glass for some years, but no Peziza
has appeared.

Genus II.—Pstnopezia. Berk., “ Outl.,” p. 873.

Indeterminate, immarginate, agglutinate; hymenium
always exposed. (Plate V. fig. 23.)

The typical representative of this genus has only
been found once. It resembles a Rhizina more than a
Peziza, though at first included with the latter, but it
has not the peculiar roots of the former. The spores
differ also from those in Rhizina.

Two species .. oe oe oe -» 1-2

A. HYMENIUM MOUSE-BROWN.

1. Psilopezia Babingtonii. Berk.
‘Small, convex above, mouse-brown, fixed by the
margin; beneath concave, pale watery brown, slightly
rugose, with obsolete fibrils ; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8,

HYMENOSCYPHA. 111

broadly. elliptic, 18—20 x 10—12u; paraphyses linear,
clavate at the apices. (Plate V. fig. 23.)

Peziza Babingtonii—Berk., “ Ann, Nat. Hist.,” No.
554. Psilopezia Babingtonii—Berk., “Outl,” p. 378;
Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2162.

On rotten wood.

Cup 4 an inch or more broad, contracting greatly in
drying, irregular in outline, convex above, mouse-brown ;
concave beneath, and slightly wrinkled, pale watery
brown, fixed by the border ; asci linear; spores broadly
ape paraphyses linear, their apices clavate (B. and

r., le).
Name—After the Rev. C. Babington.
Grace Dieu Wood, Leicestershire! (Rev. C. Babington).

B. HYMENIUM GREENISH-BLACK.

2. Psilopezia myrothecioides. B. and Br.

Sub-orbicular; margin laciniate, tomentose, pallid
yellow; hymenium greenish-black ; asci linear; sporidia
8, elliptic, margin pellucid, 17—19 x 10—13u; para-
physes filiform, broadly clavate and brown at the apices.

Psilopezia myrothecioides—B. and Br., “Ann. Nat.

. Hist.,” No. 1489, t. ii. f. 5; “ Grevillea,” iii. p. 122.
- On Prunus padus.

Two to five lines broad. The asci are cylindrical,
200u long, 174 broad. The clavate apices of the para-
physes are 10 to 13u broad, and brownish. The cells of
the excipulum are 20 to 30u broad.

Name—WMyrothecium, a genus of fungi, «doe, likeness
resembling a Myrothecium.

New Pitsligo (Rev. J. Fergusson).

Gexvus IIJ.—HymenoscyrnHa. Fries.

Opening freely, naked, glabrous; cup thin, membra-
naceous, but sufficiently firm, supported by the slender
sub-equal stem; hymenium distinct; asci large, clavate

112 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

or cylindrical; sporidia often in two rows; texture
fibroso-cellulose. (Plate V. figs. 24-27.)

Growing on twigs, fruit, and -very often on stems of
plants (Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 117).

Name—ipfy, a membrane, and oxigoc, a cup; from
the membranaceous character of the cup.

ARRANGEMENT OF THD SUBGENERA,

I, Sclerotinia .. se oe ae . «s 17
II. Ciboria re be es ae oe +. 8-19
IIL. Trichoscypha sf ae a a ». 20
TV. Cyathoidea .. os ee ve ee +. 21-50

Key To Tae SUBGENERA.

Growing from a conspicuous sclerotium . e+ Sclerotinia.
Epiphytal, having no distinct sclerotium .. |
1, {Margin furnished with hair-like processes .. «+ Trichoseypha.
. (Maen without hair-like processes .. ae se 2)
Cups rather large, growing on dead fruit or the in-
9 fiorescence of plants or twigs es $2 -. Ciboria.
* ) Cups small (rarely exceeding 3 lines in height) grow-
on wood, herbaceous stems, and fruit oe «+ Cyathoidea.

Suscenus I—Scierorinia. (Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,”
p. 330.)

Cup rather large, or rather small, long stemmed, arising
from a sclerotium, more or less infundibuliform, fleshy,
marginate, at length more expanded, for the most
part glabrous; asci elongated, 8-spored ; sporidia ovate,
oblong-ellipsoid, hyaline, guttulate, continuous; para-
physes filiform (Fckl.). (Plate V. fig. 24.) :

Name—Sclerotiwm, a tuberous fungus,

ARRANGEMENT OF THE Species,

A. Sporidia elliptic i oe a ++ species 1-2
B. Sporidia cymbiform .. vie 38 ae » «=—«B4
c. Sporidia oblongo-fusiform .. tie: ns » 8

pv. Sporidia cylindrical .. f ais ae- gg) 67

Key To THE SPECIES,

Sporidia elliptic .. ae oe ae oe oe 1
Sporidia cylindrical .. ar oe ve os 4

HYMENOSCYPHA. 113

1 on slender, but not filiform .. Ne si ae 2
Stem filiform 4
Sclerotium buried in the earth, associated with Anemone
9, J, nemerosa A oes ae oe +» tuberosa.

Sclerotium on Carex arenaria |. Durizana.
Sclerotium on Brassica napus and Solanum tuberosum Sclerotiorum.
Sclerotium on leaves of Castanea or +» Candolliana.
8. {Sslerotium on leaves of Quercus and Trifolium «+ ciborioides.
Sclerotium on Juncus .. ae «» Curreyana.
4. {Solerotium on decayed vegetable ‘matter rs os. filipes.

A. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC.
1. Hymenoscypha tuberosa, (Bull.)

_ Cup thin, at first pyriform; then infundibuliform, at
length expanded, bright brown, margin entire; stem
elongated, flexuous, more or less immersed in the earth,
arising from a black difformed sclerotium ; asci cylindrical;
sporidia 8, elliptic, biguttulate, 15 x ie paraphyses
filiform, rather stout.

Peziza twberosa—Bull., p. 266, t. 485, fig. 3; Sow.,
t. 63; Fries, “Sys. M Foo" ii. p. 58; Pers, “ Syn. Fung,”
p- 64d: “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 189; Huss., i. t. 10; Berk.,
- Outl.,” p. 365; ie f 67; Cooke, “ Handbk,,” 1966;
Karst., “Mon. Pez.,” p. 130; Pat., p. Mer f. 83. Octo-
spora "tuberosa—Hedw., “Mus. Frond.,” . p. 33, t. 10,
f.B. Sclerotinia tuberosa—Fckl., “ Bab: Tyco. Pp, 331.
Rutstroemia tuberosa—Karst., 4 Myco. Fenn.,” p. 105.
Phialea tuberosa—Gill., “ Champ, "p. 97,64

Exs—Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” ed. 1. 1739, ed. ii. 1339;
Berk., ex. 153 ; Rabh. " P Herb. Myco.,” ed. ii. 308; Karst.,
“Fung. Fenn.,” 530; Moug. and Nest., 397; Fekl, “F.
Bh.,” 1285 ; Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.” ed. i. 558, ed. ii, 183 ;
Phil, “Elv. Brit.” 7; Rehm, “ Asco.,” 202; Roumg.,
“ Stirpes,” 161. =

In shady woods, buried in the earth associated with
Anemone nemerosa.

The cups are about 6 to 8 lines broad. The disc is
generally darker than the exterior; the stem is usually
black and fibrous below ; the sporidia have a nucleus at
each pole; the paraphyses are sometimes branched..

I

114 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Name—Tuber, a tuber; from its growing from a
tuber. -_

Caen Wood, Hampstead (Mr. Hunter). Kensington
Gravel-pits (Mr. J. L. Knapp). Bitterley, Salop (Mrs,
Price). North Wootton, Norfolk! (Mr. C. B. Plowright).
Bomere, near Shrewsbury !

s

2. Hymenoscypha Candolleana. (Lév.)

Cup thin, plane, smooth, becoming brownish, margin
entire; stem filiform, glabrous, or villose at the base,
arising from a sclerotium; asci cylindraceo-clavate ;
sporidia 8, elliptic, 8 x 34; paraphyses filiform.

Peziza Candolleana—Lév., “Ann, Se. Nat.,” Octobre,
1843, xx. p. 233, t. 7, fig. 4; B. and Br., “ Ann. Nat. Hist.,”
No. 1723; “Grevillea,” vi. p. 127. Sclerotinia Can-
dolleana—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 330.

Exs.—Fcekl, “ F. Rh.,” No, 2195.

From Sclerotium pustula on leaves of Castanea.

Cup 8 lines broad; stem about linch long. It grows
separately or in little fascicles of three or four; the stem
is slender, filiform, naked, of rather a firm consistence,
and of a deep red colour; sometimes the lower part has
white hairs, but they evidently depend on excess of
moisture. It is at first only a simple thread, straight or
crooked; later on the summit swells—it then resembles
a little pin; finally, it forms a small flat cup, reddish,
with a thin, regular margin, sometimes entirely expanded,
and even decurved. The hymenium is a little less
coloured than the cup, and composed of very small asci,
which enclose eight elliptic, simple, transparent sporidia ;
no paraphyses were seen. It is most closely related to
Pezvza subulipes (Bulliard), having the same colour, but
es which it differs by its habitat, size, and form of cup
(Lev.).

Name—After A. P. de Candolle.

Batheaston, near Bath (Mr. C. E. Broome, under a
bell-glass). Whitfield, near Hereford! Shelton Rough,
near Shrewsbury !

HYMENOSCYPHA. 115

B. SPORIDIA CYMBIFORM.
3. Hymenoscypha sclerotiorum. (Lib.)

Cup infundibuliform, becoming plane or convex, pale
brown, rather firm, glabrous, margin entire ; stem slender,
more or less elongated, flexuous, of the same colour, arising
from a black sclerotium; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia
8, broadly elliptic, sometimes unequal-sided, biguttulate,
9—13 x 54; paraphyses filiform, more or less enlarged
upwards. — ;

Peziza sclerotiorwm—Lib., exs. 326; Brefeld, “Schim.,”
heft. iv. c.i.; Cooke, “ Grevillea,” xii. p. 44, P. Selerotii—
FekL, “ Bot. Ztg.,” 1861, No. 35, with figure. Sclerotinia
Iibertiana—Fckl.,, “Symb. Myco.,” p. 331. Peziza pos-
tuma—Berk. and Wilson, Gard. Chron., Sept., 1883.
Smith’s “ Diseases,” p. 15, with figures. Phialea sclero-
tiorwm—Gill, “Champ.,” p. 98, ¢. i. (sporidia bad).

Exs.—Lib., “Crypt. Ard.,” 326; Fekl., “F. Rh,” 1861.

On Sclerotiwm compactum on Brassica napus, and
S. variwm on potato-stalks.

Cup } to 2 lines broad; stem very variable in length
according to the conditions under which it grows.

On Sclerotiwm compactum in Herb. Berk.

Name—Selerotium, a tuberous fungus.

Artificially cultivated on S. varvwm by Mr. Wilson!

4. Hymenoscypha Duricana. (Tul.)

Cup cyathiform, then expanded, at length nearly
plane, glabrous, thin, succulent, fragile, pale brown; stem
arising from a sclerotium, firm, cylindrical, straight or
‘flexuous, brown, blackish near the slightly hirsute base ;
asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, cymbiform, ends obtuse,
10—15 X 6u; paraphyses filiform, stout, disappearing
when old. i

Peziza; Duriwana—Tul, “Select. Fung. Carp.,” i.
p. 108, and iii. pp. 200, 203, t. 22, f. 20-24.

Exs.—Rehm, “ Asco.,” No. 608; Winter, “Fungi
Eur.,” 2749.

116 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

On Selerotiwm sulcatwm (Rob. and Maz.), in the culms
of Carex arenaria.

Cup 1 to 4 lines broad, stem variable in length.

Name—After M. Durieu de Maisonneuve.

The British specimens were grown from sclerotia
under artificial culture by Mr. C. B. Plowright, of King’s
Lynn, to whom I am indebted for specimens. No doubt
specimens will be found in a natural condition where
Carea arenaria abounds, on carefully searching.

C. SPORIDIA OBLONGO-FUSIFORM,

5. Hymenoscypha filypes. Phil.

Cup thin, fragile, concave, becoming plane, at length
convex, glabrous, white; stem long, filiform, flexuous,
same colour, arising from a black, subglobose sclerotium ;
asci 8, oblong-fusiform, 8 x lu; paraphyses slenderly
filiform.

Growing from a wrinkled, black, nearly globose
sclerotium amongst vegetable fragments in a damp
situation.

Cup about 13 lines broad; stem 74 lines long. This
is much smaller than P. Candolleana, and the sporidia
are altogether different. Phialea capillipes (Quelet) is
grey-bistre colour, and grows from afusiform sclerotium,
otherwise there is a very near resemblance.

Name—Filum, a thread, pes, a foot; from the slender
stem.

Shelton Rough, near Shrewsbury !

D. SPORIDIA CYLINDRICAL, SLENDER.
6. Hymenoscypha Curreyana. (Berk.)

Cup thin, subhemispherical, then infundibuliform, or
plane, bright brown, glabrous; hymenium wrinkled,
margin entire; stem slender, flexuous, nearly equal,
smooth, or tomentose at the base, arising from a black
sclerotium; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, cylindrical,

HYMENOSCYPHA. 117

slender, curved, 10—13 x 1—2‘5u; paraphyses scarce,
filiform.

Peziza Curreyana—Berk. in “Trans. Linn. Soe.,”
xxiv. (1865), p. 495; Tul, “Select. Fung. Carp.,” i. 105,
t. 22, f. 11-17. Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2083. Peziza
Curreii—Berk., “ Outl,” p. 370. Peziza juncifida—Ny]l.,
“Pez. Fenn.,” p. 39; Karst., “Mon Pez.,” p. 183. Rut-
stroemia Curreyana—Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 107.
Phialea Curreyana—Gill., “Champ.,” figure.

_ Exs.—Phil., “Ely. Brit.,” 31.

On Sclerotium rosewm in dead juncus.

The Sclerottwm is found in the pith of rushes, from
which Mr. Currey found the Peziza freely developed
(see “ Jour. Linn. Soe.,” vol. 1, p. 147).

“The cup was of a bright brown colour, varying
somewhat in shape; in most it was hemispherical, in
some infundibuliform. In one the edge of the cup was
erect, extending beyond the equator of the hemisphere;
in others the édge of the cup was recurved and sinuous.
The number growing from one Sclerotiwm varied from
2 to 13, and the greater the number the less was the size
of the individual. The diameter of the largest cup was
rather more than one-half, and of the smallest about +4
of an inch. The stalk was well developed, being gene-
rally about the length of the diameter of the cup, of a
darker colour, and tapering somewhat from above down-
wards. In one specimen the base of the stem at its point
of junction with the Sclerotvwm was thickly covered with
hairs” (F. Currey).

Name—After Mr. Frederick Currey.

St. George’s Hill, near Weybridge (Mr. F. Curry).
King’s Lynn! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Bomere, near
Shrewsbury !

7. Hymenoscypha ciborioides. Fries.

Cup infundibuliform, even, dark rufescent; stem very
long, hair-like, bright brown.

Peziza ciborioides—Fries, “Obs. Myco.,” ii. p. 307;
and “Sys. Myco.,” ii p. 117; Berk., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,”

118 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

No. 158; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2084. P. Friesii—
Pers., “Myco. Eur.,” i. 277. Phialea ciborioides—GilL,
“Champ.,” p. 100.

On oak-leaves.

This is retained on the authority of the Rev. M. J.
Berkeley, but, as no specimen exists, we are unable to
give any microscopic details, without which it is impos-
sible to satisfactorily determine what plant was under
the eye of Mr. Berkeley. There appears, indeed, much
uncertainty as to Fries’s plant, for Dr. Karsten regards
Peziza bulgarioides (Rabh.) as identical with it, which
grows on fir-cones, and is a subsessile species ; whereas
Fries found his plant on culms, and describes it as having
a very long stem.

Herman Hoffman, in “ Analyticee Fungorum,” finds a
species growing from a sclerotium on stems of clover
which he refers to this species. Rehm’s Sclerotinia
eiborioides—Fries (“ Ascomyceten,” No. 107) agrees per-
fectly with Hoffman’s plant, and may be described
thus:

Cup convex, fleshy, brightish brown; stem long
(1 inch), slender, flexuous, smooth, arising from a small
black sclerotium ; asci cylindrical; sporidia .8, elliptical,
biguttulate, 14—16 x 5—6u; paraphyses filiform.

From a sclerotium on Tripolium sativum. This,
which is most probably the true plant of Fries, has not
yet been recorded for Britain.

Name—Ciborium, a large drinking-cup, <8o¢, like-
ness.

Suscenus If.—Crsorra. Fckl, (amended),

Firm, stem rather long, cup at first infundibuliform.

Growing on twigs or fruit. (Plate V. fig. 25 )

Differing from the preceding by not rising from a
manifest sclerotium, and from the following subgenus
by the generally smaller size.

Name—Ciborium, a large drinking-cup, Soc, like-
ness.

HYMENOSCYPHA. 119

ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES,

A. Sporidia broadly elliptic or ovate.
(a) On fruit oe a ee +» species 8-10

(b) On twigs Si ve oe » Li
B. Sporidia oblong or fusiform.
(a) On fruit ii ee » 12-13
(b) On branches, twigs, or leaves ts » 14-17
0. Sporidia cylindrical oe oe age » 18
D. Sporidia unknown ., es ‘ ae x 19

Key To THE Spsctgs.

Hymenium pallid yellowish-green .. ae «. luteo-virescens.
Hymenium brown or Sess ox
Hymenium yellow .. is the 2
Margin subserrate .. axe aes ee »» bolaris.

1.; Margin tomentose ., <é oe me +. amentacea.
Margin even .. ae 2 as a ae :

2. (ister white oe oe an ie .. Aspegrenit.
Externally yellow... . a5 oe . 8
Stem long, slender, flexuous 2 is »» Bryophila.

3. (Stem short, firm, thickish . re .. serotina,
Stem filiform .. ate ar of «eo tuba.

4. ‘ee scabrous .. oe ss ai .. pseudo-tuberosa.
Externally glabrous .. oe . 5
Stem short, thick, flexuous, umber-brown 4 + caucus.
Stem slender, at first subtomentose, pale brown .. echinophila.
Stem long, slender, flexuous, pallid-brown .. subularis.
Stem attenuated downwards, blackish-brown o. firma.

A. SPORIDIA BROADLY ELLIPTIC OR OVATE.
(a) On fruit.*
8. Hymenoscypha pseudo-tuberosa. (Rehm.)

Cup infundibuliform, when moist expanded, sub-
patelliform ; externally, as well as the stem, brown or
olivaceous brown, slightly scabrous; hymenium livid or
livid-brown ; stem long, rather slender, subflexuous; asci
cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, elliptic, obtuse at the
ends, 9—10 x 4—5u; paraphyses filiform. (Plate V.
fig. 25.)

Peziza pseudo-tuberosa—Rehm, “Asco.,” No. 106;
Pat., p. 171, f. 878. Sclerotinia Batschiana—Zopf. and

* The term “ fruit’’ is used here in a popular sense to include the parta
closely associated with the fruit.

120 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Syd, “Mycoth. Mar.” 50,.c. icon. Peziza glandicola—
Doass., “Revue Myco.,” v. iii. pt. 10, p. 49; “ Grevillea,”
iv. p. 132, t. 65, f. 288.

Exs.—Rehm, “Asco.”’ No. 106; Doass, and Pat.,
“Champ.,” No. 18; Zopf. and Syd., “Mycoth. Mar.,” 50;
Winter, “Fungi Eur.,” 2649; Ellis, “N. A. F ungi,” 983.

On decayed acorns.

Cup 1 to 4 lines broad; 3 to 7 lines high.

Name—yetdiec, false, tuber, a tuber; appearing to
grow from a tuber, whereas it is an acorn.

North Wootton, near King’s Lynn! (Mr. C. B. Plow-
right).

9. Hymenoscypha amentacea, (Balb.)

Cup stipitate, infundibuliform, then expanded, pale
brown ; externally paler ; margin tomentose; stem slender,
more or less elongated, often flexuose; asci cylindrical ;
sporidia 8, elliptic, 12 x 5°54; paraphyses filiform, some-
times clavate at the apices.

Peziza, amentacea—Balb., “ Act. Taur.,” ii. p. 79, t. 2;
Nyl, “Pez. Fenn.,” p. 87; Karst., “Pez. et Ascob.,” p. 28;
“Mon. Pez.,” p. 181. Pez. julacea—Pers., “ Myco. Eur.,” i.
p. 285. Ciboria amentacea—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 311.
Rutstremia amentacea—Karst., “ Myco. Fenn.,” p. 106.

Exs.—Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” No. 320; Fckl., “F.
Rh.,” No. 1178; Phil, “Elv. Brit.” No. 116; Winter,
“Fungi Eur.,” 2964.

On catkins of willow. March and April.

Cup 2 to 5 lines broad; stem 14 to 10 lines Jong, $a
line thick. The hair-like cells of the margin are 50u
long, 18u broad, and continuous,

Name—A mentum, a catkin; from its habitat.

Almond Park, Shrewsbury! Moncrieffe, near Perth!
(Dr. Buchanan White).

10. Hymenoscypha caucus. (Rebent.)

Cup vasculiform, margin erect or incurved, flesh
waxy; externally pallid, becoming brown, glabrous;
hymenium umber-brown; stem short, sometimes elon-

HYMENOSCYPHA. 121

gated, rather thick, flexuous; asci cylindrical; sporidia
8, ovate, or sub-elliptic, or subglobose, 10 x 6u; para-
physes filiform.

Peziza caucus—Rebent., “Neom.,” p. 386, t. 4, £17;
Pers., “Myco. Eur.” p. 283; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii.
p. 126 ; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” 2093 (in part) ; “ Grevillea,” vi.
p. 28; Pat. p. 210, f. 483. Pez. amentalis—Schum.,
“Saell.,” p. 418. Ciboria caucus—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,”
p. 811. Phiulea caucus—Gill., “Champ.,” 110.

On dead catkins of poplar, lying in damp spots.
Spring.

Cup 1 to 23 lines broad; stem as long or twice as
long as the width of cup, same colour as cup.

The figure of Rebentisch, t. iv. f. 17, represents an
exceptional form of the plant, with a very slender stern,
described as “stipes filiform, slender, not dilated up-
wards” (Fries, l. c.); but our specimens have a moderately
thick stem, enlarged at the point of junction with the
cup: but Fries had only seen the figure.

Name—Caucus, a drinking-vessel.

Near Perth, N.B.! (Dr. Buchanan White).

(b) On twigs.
11. Hymenoscypha luteo-virescens. (Rob.)

Cup patelliform, then convex, firm, pallid-green,
margin entire; stem slender, attenuated below, flexuose,
more or less elongated and immersed in the earth; asci
cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptical, 15 x 5u; para-
physes filiform, stout, filled with granules.

Peziza luteo-virescens—Rob. in Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,”
ed. i, No. 1541; ed. ii. No. 1041; “Ann. Sc. Nat.,” 1847,
viii. p. 188. Peziza pallido-virescens—Phil. in “Gre-
villea,” vi. p. 24; “Scott. Nat.,” vi. 163. Phialea luteo-
virescens— Gill, “Champ.,” p. 108.

Exs.—Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” l. ¢.; Phil., “Elv. Brit.,”
No. 122.

On buried petioles of Acer. Autumn.

Cup 1 to 5% lines broad; stem often 10 lines long.

122 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

The exterior is clothed with fine, adpressed, silky hairs ;
not glabrous, as stated by Desmaziere.

Name—Luteus, yellow, virens, green; greenish-
yellow.

Near Newport, Salop! Wrekin, Salop!

B. SPORIDIA OBLONGO-ELLIPTIC OR FUSIFORM.
(a) On fruit.
12. Hymenoscypha echinophila. (Bull.)

Cup infundibuliform, then plane, fleshy, pale cin-
namon or subfuliginous, glabrous; hymenium rusty
brown; stem paler, rather slender, more or less elongated,
at first subtomentose, then glabrous; asci cylindraceo-
clavate; sporidia 8, oblong or oblong-elliptic, curved,
often furnished at the poles with a short appendage,
having a globose head, 2 to 4 guttulate, 12—22 x 4—5y;
paraphyses filiform, slightly enlarged at the summits.

Peziza echinophila—Bull,, “Champ.,” ii. p. 235, t. 500,
f. 1; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii p. 118; D. C, “Flo. Fr,”
ii. p. 82; Pers. “Myco. Eur.,” p. 278; B. and Br., “Ann.
Nat. Hist.,” No. 567; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2085; Pat.,
p. 35, f. 85. Phialea echinophila—Gill, “Champ.,” 101,
ce. i.

Exs.—Phil, “Elv. Brit.,” 32; Rehm, “ Asco.,” 606;
Roumg., “ Fung. Gal.” 648; Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,” ed. ii.
367.

On decaying involucres of chestnut. Autumn.

Cup about 24 to § lines broad.

Name—tyivoc, a hedgehog, gidoc, loving; found on
spiny involucres.

King’s Lynn (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Norton Camp,
near Craven Arms! Near Hereford!

13. Hymenoscypha subularis. (Bull.)
Cup hypocrateriform, entire, fragile, lateritius or
pallid-brown ; hymenium darker; stem long, slender,
flexuose, same colour; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia

HYMENOSCYPHA. 123

8, oblong or oblong-elliptic, biguttulate, 17—20 x 4—5y;
paraphyses filiform, thickened at the apices.

Peziza subularis—Bull, “ Champ.,” p. 236, t. 500, f. 2;
D. C., “Flo. Fr.,” ii. p. 83. P. subulipes—Pers., “ Myco.
Eur.,” p. 282. P. carpimi—Batsch (?), “ EL,” “p. 215, fig.
50; “Scott. Nat.” vi. 163. Phialea subularis—Gill,
“Champ.,” p. 101, ¢. 1.

On seeds of Angelica.

Cup 1 to 14 lines broad; height, including stem, 5 to
7 lines. The exterior of our specimen was nearly white,
the disc very pale brown.

Name—Subula, an awl; from the shape of the stem.

Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith).

(b) On branches, twigs, or leaves.
14. Hymenoscypha firma. (Pers.)

Cup infundibuliform, then expanded, repand, firm,
smooth, dark or pale brown; stem more or less elongated,
becoming blackish-brown, attenuated downwards; asci
cylindrical ; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic, often furnished at
the poles with a short spicule, bearing a globose head,
biguttulate, 1O—19 x 3—4u; paraphyses filiform, stout,
branched.

Peziza firma—Pers., “Syn. Fung.,” p. 658; and “Myco.
Eur.,” p. 277; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” 11. p. 117; “Eng. Flo.,”
v. p. 200; Karst., “Pez. et Ascob.,” p. 27; and “Mon.
Pez.,” p. 180; Nyl., “Pez. Fenn.,” p. 35; Cooke, “Handbk.,”
No. 2082; Price, t- 4, f. 28. Peziza ochrolewca—Bolt.,
t. 105, £1; Sow., t. 115. Ciboria firma—K ckl, “Symb.

233. Phialea firma—Gill., “ Champ.,” p. 101, ¢. 1.
Exs.—Libert, exs. No. 228; Karst. “Fung. Fenn.,”
736; Phil, “Elv. Brit.” 78; Rhem, “ Asco.,” 13; Winter,
“Fungi Eur.,” 2965; Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” ed. ii. 646.
On rotten sticks of oak. -
Cup } to 3 an inch broad; stem 4 to 2 inches high.
Scattered or gregarious; leathery when fresh, hard when
dry.

124 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Name—Firmus, firm; from its firm flesn.

King’s Lynn! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Forres, N.B.
(Rev. Dr. Keith). Hawthornden, near Edinburgh! Down-
ton Castle, near Ludlow! Condover! Craven Arms!
Church Stretton ! and The Wrekin, Salop.

15. Hymenoscypha bolaris. (Batsch.)

Cup infundibuliform or subhemispherical, firm; ex-
ternally fibrilose-veined or wrinkled, nearly ochraceous ;
hymenium brown, margin subserrated; stem rather
short, attenuated downwards or equal; asci cylindrical ;
sporidia oblong-elliptic, biguttulate, 14—16 x 4—6n;
paraphyses filiform, rather stout.

Peziza bolaris—Batsch, i. p. 221, f. 155; Fries, “Sys.
Myco.,” ii. p. 112; Pers. “Syn. Fung.,” p. 658; “ Myco.
Eur.,” p. 279; A. and 8, p. 330; “Eng. Flo.” v. p.
200; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” 2078. Oiboria bolaris—Fckl.,
“Symb. Myco.,” p. 311.

Exs.—Phil, “Elv. Brit.” 171; Roumg., “ Fung. Gal.,”
1260.

On dry fallen branches of holly.

Cup 14 to 2 lines broad and high; externally paler
than the disc; when dry the margin is inflexed.

Name—Peéroe, a clod; perhaps in allusion to the
colour.

Forres, N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith).

16. Hymenoscypha Aspegrenii. (Fries.)

Gregarious, stipitate ; cup subrepand; hymenium
yellow; externally, as well as the subascending stem,
white ; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, oblong or oblong-
elliptic, biguttulate, 8—10 x 3'5u.

Peziza Aspegrenii—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 181.
Helotium Aspegrenii—Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan.,” p.
355; Berk., “ Outl.,” p. 372; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2144.
Peziza bicolor, var. Sow., t. 369, £7. Phialea Aspegrenii
—Gill., “Champ.,” p. 107, ¢ i.

On rotten hazel in a wet ditch. Spring.

“Two to three lines high ; stem somewhat slender ”
(Fries).

HYMENOSCYPHA. 125

At first hemispherical, then expanded and plane ;
stem slender, attenuated downwards.

Name—After Aspegren, a friend of Fries.

Wier Coppice, near Shrewsbury !

17. Hymenoscypha serotina. (Pers.)

Cup stipitate, plano-convex, rather thin, bright
yellow; stem short, firm, thickish; asci cylindraceo-
clavate; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic or clavate, straight
or slightly curved, 22—24 x 4.

Helotium serotinum—Berk., “Outl.,” p. 372; Fekl,
“Symb. Myco.,” p. 313; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2132;
Gill, “Champ.,” p. 156. Peziza serotina—Pers., “Syn.
Fung.,” p. 661; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 119; “Eng.
Flo.,” v. p. 201. Helvella aurea—Bolt., t. 98.

Exs.—F kL, 1157.

On dead leaves and branches in water. Autumn.

Cup about 1 to 2 lines broad; stem 14 to 2 lines
long. Gregarious or crowded.

Name—Serotinus, late; from its late appearance.

Near Halifax (Bolton).

C. SPORIDIA CYLINDRICAL.

.

18. Hymenoscypha bryophila. (Fries.)

Cup stipitate, slender, at first concave, then convex,
glabrous, flavescent; stem long, slender, flexuose, slightly
pubescent ; asci clavate; sporidia cylindrical, curved,
10 xX 2u; paraphyses filiform, enlarged upwards, septate.

Peziza bryophila—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii, p. 119.
P. pyxidata— Flo. Dan.,” t.1017,f£1. Phialea bryophila
—Gill., “Champ.,” p. 100.

Amongst moss in mountain pastures. Autumn.

Cup 1 to 1} lines broad, 23 to 5 lines high. Scattered,
slender, nearly white, becoming yellowish.

Name—Bryum, a genus of mosses, and ¢ioe, loving;
from its habitat.

Longmynd, Salop '’

126 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

D. SPORIDIA UNKNOWN.

19. Hymenoscypha tuba. (Bolt.)

Cup campanulate, disc plane-umbilicate, stem filiform ;
altogether bright pale yellow.

Peziza, tuba—Bolt., “Hist. Fung,” iii. t. 106, £ 1;
Pers. “Myco. Eur,” p. 278; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii.
p. 128 (excl. part); “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 202. Meruleus
tubeeformis—With., vol. 4, p. 146. Helotiwm tuba—Fries,
“Summa Veg. Scan,” p. 355; Berk., “ Outl,” p. 372;
Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2140. Phialea tuba—Gill,
“ Champ.,” p. 99.

On putrid stems of plants, in moist places.

“This beautiful little peziza adheres by a claw at the
base to the putrid stems of decayed plants in moist
places near rills of water. It is shaped like a trumpet
in miniature. The height about half an inch. The
colour a bright pale yellow ” (Bolt., 4. c.).

Name—Tuba, a trumpet; from its shape.

Var. B. Ochracea—B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,”
No. 1486.

On a heap of decaying vegetables,

Menmuir (Rev. M. Anderson).

Suzscenvus II].—Tricwoscypua. Cooke.

_ Cup cyathiform, entire, stipitate; margin furnished
with hair-like rigid processes. (Plate V. fig. 26.)

Dr. Cooke has shown that the hair-like processes in
the four exotic species, for the reception of which he formed
the subgenus, viz. Peziza sulcipes (Berk.), P. Hindsii
(Berk.), P. tricholoma (Mont.), and P. insititia (B. and
C.), are not true hairs, but squamules, composed of a
number of longitudinal cells lying parallel to each other,
the exterior ones gradually diminishing in length, so that
the base of each squamule is broader than the apex.
This structure is the same in the teeth of the well-known
Peziza inflexa (Bolt.), and although this species is much
smaller than the exotic species named above, it must be

HYMENOSCYPHA. 127

placed in the same subgenus. In a more consistent
classification of the Discomycetes, this and the two pre-
ceding subgenera should be closely associated with the
series Phialea of Fries.

Name—Spié, hair, and cxégoc, a cup. In allusion to
the hair- lke processes with which the margin and some-
times the exterior are furnished.

20. Hymenoscypha coronata. (Bull.)

Cup at first pyriform or hemispherical, then cyathi-
form, glabrous, pallid or yellowish, margin crowned with
setaceous teeth; stem slender, straight or curved; asci
cylindrical; sporidia 8, fusiform, 15—20 x 3—4y; para-
physes rather stout, enlarged upwards, (Plate V. fig. 26.)

Peziza coronata—Bull, “Champ.,” p. 251, t. 416, f. 4;
Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” i. 120; Pers., “Obs.” ii. p. 36;
D. C., «Flo. Fr.” i ii. p. 83; Karst., «Pez, et Ascob, ” p. 29 :
and “ Mon. Pez.,” p. 135; ; Nyl, «Pez, Fenn.,” p. 38 ; Cooke,
“ Handbk.,” No. 2086 ; Gonn. and Rabh, iii. t. 6,
f. 9; Fekl., “Symb. Myco.; ” p. 807. P. radiata—Pers.,
“Syn. Fung.,” p. 662; “Myco. Eur.” i. p. 287; Nees,
es sa ” £293. P. subulata—Schum., “ Plo. Dan. ”t. 1380.
P. denticulata—Schum., “ Flo. Dan., *, 1016, f. 3. Helo.
tum coronatum-—Karst., ad Symb.; ” p. 237 ; “ Myco.
Fenn.,” p. 136. Phialea coronata—Gill, « Champ.” p. 110.

Exs.—Desm., “Crypt. Fr.” ed. i. 872, ed. il 72;
Rabh., “ Herb. Myco., ” ed. ii. 219 ; Karst., “ Fung. Fenn. ?
146 ; Fekl, “F, Rh,” 1188; Phil, «Ely. Brit,” 121;
Cooke, “Fung. Brit,” ed. ii. 379.

ae dead herbaceous stems. Autumn and winter.

p ¢ to 1 line broad; stem 4 to 14 line high.
destiated or gregarious ; whitish, pallid, or tinged with
yellowish brown.

Name—Corona, a crown.

Shobdon, Herefordshire! Frequent.

Var. inflexa. (Bolt.)

Whitish, teeth triangular.
Peziza ‘infleca—Bolt., t. 106, f. 2; Sow: t. 306;

128 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

“Eng. Flo,” v. p. 201; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2087.
Phialea infleaa GAL, e Champ.,” p. 106.
On stems of nettles. Autumn.
Name—Inflecto, to bend or curve.
Near Halifax (Bolton).

Suspcenus IV.—CYATHOIDEA.

Smaller than the preceding; cups thin,at first urceolate,
then concave or plane, orbicular, glabrous, or subtomen-
tose ; stem usually slender. (Plate V. fig. 27.)

Rarely exceeding 3 lines in height. Growing on
wood, herbaceous stems, and fruit.

Name—xvaoe, a cup, e8og, a resemblance,

ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES.

A. Sporidia oblong or oblongo-elliptic.
(a) On dead wood ss ae +». Bpecies 21-24
(b) On herbaceous stems as ce » «25
(c) On leaves... ays oe se » 26-28
(d) On fruit oe os ar » 29
B. Sporidia fusiform or clavate, broad.
(a) On wood (except fructigena on fruit) ,, 30-34
(b) On herbaceous stems and grass... » 930
(ec) On leaves... oe 8 » 36
0. Suen fusiform, narrow.
(a) On wood a : es oe » 37-89
(6) On herbaceous stems 3 au » 40-42
(ce) On leaves... rr ne » 43-44
p. Sporidia pyriform or reniform.
(a) On fruit ai re a ra » 45
(bo) On leaves... oe oe Bs » 46
E. Sporidia cyliudrical.
(a) On dead wood oe +. . » 47
(b) On root-fibres ae ee » 48
(ec) On carex stems . . oe » 49
(d) On fruit i » 50
Key To THe Spectres.
Hymenium brown... os
Hymenium pale tan-colour, externally farinose -. nitidula,
Hymenium testaceous (confer scutuli) nf ++ emergens,
Hymeniwn red ts a a as i
Hymenium amber... he a .. électrina.
Hymenium yellow... ce as : wn
Hymenium white : is oe 6
Hymenium rosy-vhite a ae ats +. thodoleuca.

Hymenium, ?colour .. o oe . ++ aquatica.

HYMENOSCYPHA.,
Cups pale cinnamon or brownish-yellow a i
1. (Cup externally yellow oe Pe ae
Cup externally brown oe ee ey on
Stem short, black oe ee ee oe ‘
Stem short, yellowish-brown ss ‘
Stem short, white or greyish-brown
2, 3 Stem rather long, pallid-brown -e
*')Stem more or less elongated, stout, pale brown
(on seed-vessels) ..
Stem more or less elongated, ‘brown, darker at the
| base (on leaves) .. a on a ro
3 {oup cyathiform or plane... ts ie
* (Cup urceolate (on Equisetum) ie e
Externally furfuraceous a a oe eve
4,( Externally villous .. as 5 oi
Externally glabrous .. ae
Stem long, tomentose below; “disc orange-yellow ie
Stem long, subflocculose ; disc yellowish-red
5. 4Stem long, glabrous (at first pubescent) ..
Stem long, glabrous ; sporidia large. .
Stem short, tomentose below; disc darkish-yellow
Externally pruinose ; margin fimbriate ag
6 Externally pruinose ; margin subdenticulate os
* ) Externally perpendicularly striate ..
Externally glabrous .. ‘ ae
Growing on larch-leaves gs
Growing on pine-leaves ae ave ae
7. 4Growing on wood ae ae oe a a
Growing on petioles .. 5 on is os
Growing on herbaceous stems at oe a
8. (one oblongo-fusiform .. ies ae
Sporidia narrowly fusiform or linear ee at

129

renisporum.
lutescens.
2

strobilina.
calyculus.
amenti.
monilifera.

cacalia.

petiolorum.
Broomei. .
Persoonti.*
rhizophila.
Laburni.

5
Hedwigii.
virguitorum.
Sructigena.
scutula.
aurea.
concolor.
eburnea.
Urtica.

advenula.
subtile.
sordida.
albida.

8

clavata.
cyathotd a.

A. SPORIDIA OBLONG OR OBLONGO-ELLIPTIC.

(a) On dead wood.

21. Hymenoscypha Broome (nov. sp.).

Scattered, stipitate, cyathiform or plane, flesh red,
glabrous, firm; margin entire; stem rather slender,
cylindrical, flexuous ; asci eylindraceo- -clavate ; sporidia 8,
oblong, rounded at the ends or subfusiform, 15 X 5u.
(Plate V. fig. 27.)

Peziza araneosa—Bull., Kew Herbarium.

On dead wood.
Cup 1 line broad, 1 line high.
Name—After Mr. C. E. Broome.

* Removed to genus Stamnaria.

K

130 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

22. Hymenoscypha monilifera. (Fckl)

Stipitate, scattered or caspitose; cup seated
amongst Bisporo, at first subclavate, at length dilated ;
hymenium concave, patellate when mature, marginate,
waxy, externally as well as the rather long stem, smooth,
pallid-brown; disc slightly darker; asci elongated ;
sporidia 8, biseriate, oblong, attenuated towards each
end, but obtuse, at length uniseptate, 12 x 4u, hyaline ;
paraphyses filiform, subclavate.

Bispora monilifera—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 310.
Peziza monilifera—Cooke, “ Grevillea,” iv. p. 111.

Exs.— F. Rh.,” 74.

Amongst Bispora monilioides on cut timber.

Cup % to 1 line broad, 4 to 14 lines high.

Fuckel has constituted a new genus, under the name
Bispora, for this species, of which he assumes that
Bispora monilioides is the conidial form.

Name—WMonile, a necklace, and fero, to carry; from
its relationship to Bispora monilioides.

Dupplin Castle, N.B.

23. Hymenoscypha Hedwigit (nov. sp.).

Cup stipitate, concave or plane, yellow tinged with
orange, margin entire, paler beneath; stem rather long,
lower half tomentose, whiteand enlarged; asci cylindraceo-
clavate ; sporidia oblong or oblong-elliptic, biguttulate,
7—10 x 38u.

Octospora fungoidaster—Hedw., “ Mus. Frond.,” ii.
p. 53, t. x1x. figs. 1-4. Peziza fructiginea, B. virgultorwm
—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p.118. P. virgultorwn—* Flo.
Dan.,” t. 1016, f. 2.

On twigs of hazel. May.

Cup 3 to 1} lines broad, height about the same. The
cups are at first concave, then plane; the stem is white,
enlarged at the base, and attached to the wood by white
mycelium.

Name—After Joannes Hedwig.

Hanwood, near Shrewsbury !

HYMENOSCYPHA. 131

24. Hymenoscypha lutescens. (Hedw.)

Cup stipitate, at first hemispherical, then hypocrateri-
form, yellowish; hymenium brownish, margin paler;
stem short or sometimes elongated, slender, flexuose,
subcylindrical, pale; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia
8, oblong or oblong-elliptic, 12—15 x 44; paraphyses
slender, filiform.

Octospora lutescens—Hedw., “Mus. Frond.,” ii. t. 9,
f.3. Peziza lutescens—A. and S., p. 334; “Flo. Dan.,”
t. 1440, f. 1; Wahl. “Ups.,” p. 465; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,”
ii. p. 120. Helotium lutescens—Berk., “Outl.,” p. 372;
Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2134. Phialea lutescens—Gill.,
“ Champ.,” 157.

On dead twigs amongst moss, etc.

Cup 4 to 1} lines broad, and as much high. Gre-
garious.

Name—Luteus, yellow ; yellowish.

Bloxham in Herb. Kew!

(b) On herbaceous stems.

25. Hymenoscypha rhodoleuca. (Fries.)

Cup plane, rosy-white, glabrous; stem nearly equal,
slender, same colour; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia
8, oblong or oblong-elliptic, 10—14 x 44; paraphyses
filiform.

Peziza rhodoleuca—Fries, “Obs. Myco.,” ii. p. 306;
“Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 127; Karst., “Pez. et Asco.,” p. 31;
and “Mon. Pez.,” p.139. Helotiwm rhodoleucum—Fries,
“Summa Veg. Scan.,” p. 355; Karst. “Myco. Fenn.,”

. 128.
Exs.—Karst., “ Fung. Fenn.,” 152.

On dead branches of Equisetum, in damp places.
Spring.

Cup 3 to 4 line broad; stem varying from } to } a
line high. When young this plant is pyriform, but soon
becomes expanded, and at length plane or convex. The
colour is a beautiful rosy-white.

Name—pddoy, a rose, Aewkde, white ; rose-white.

Shelton Rough, near Shrewsbury !

5

132 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

(c) On leaves.

26. Hymenoscypha petiolorum. (Rob.)

Rather large, stipitate, often solitary; cup fulvous,
concave, then plane, margined with somewhat triangular
teeth ; stem more or less long; asci clavate; sporidia 8,
oblong, curved, 2-guttulate, 17 x 4u; paraphyses filiform,
rather stout.

Peziza petiolorwn—Rob. in Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,”
ed. i. 1158, ed. ii. 658; “Ann. Sc. Nat.,” 1842, p. 91.
Peziza denigrans—Fck1., “Symb. Myco.,” p.309. Phialea
petiolorwm—GilL, “Champ.,” 102.

Exs.—Desm., J. c.; FekL, “ F. Rh.,” 2193.

On petioles of beech, ete. Autumn.

Cup about 4 a line broad; stem reaching sometimes
4 an inch in length. The margin is furnished with
minute, somewhat triangular teeth, easily overlooked in
dried specimens—not large enough to warrant putting it
in the subgenus Trichoscypha.

Name—Petiole, the stalk of a leaf; from its habitat.

Shrewsbury !

27. Hymenoscypha subtile. (Fries.)

Cup stipitate, plano-convex, concave beneath, rather
firm, white, becoming pallid-ochraceous; stem slender,
rather short ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic
or subfusiform, 5 X 2u; paraphyses filiform, slender,
scarce.

Helotium subtile—Fries, ‘Obs. Myco.,” ii. p. 310;
“Summa Veg. Scan.,” p. 354; Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,”
p. 1381; Cooke, “Handbk.,” 2130; Fekl., “Symb. Myco.,”
315. Peziza subtilis—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 157 ; “Eng.
Flo.,” v. p. 208. Phialea subtile—Gill, “Champ.,” p. 161.

Exs.—Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” 68; Fekl, “F. Bh.,”
1160; Roumg,, “ Fung. Gal.,” 1265.

On decaying leaves of pine in shady woods. Autumn.

Cup about 500 to 800u broad, and 200 to 600u high.
Scattered; at first white, becoming yellow when dried. A
very minute and delicate species.

HYMENOSCYPHA. 1833

Name—Subtilis, small, delicate.
Rose Hill, near Shrewsbury !

28. Hymenoscypha advenula. Phil.

Cup stipitate, concave or plane, tough, white or
yellowish white; stem equal, slender; asci cylindraceo-
clavate; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic, 8—9 x 2°5—4y;
paraphyses slenderly filiform, scarce.

Helotium advenulum—Phil. “ Grevillea,” vi. p. 24.

Exs.—Phil, “ Elv. Brit.,” No. 133.

On fallen decaying leaves of larch. Spring.

Very minute, scattered, or gregarious. Varying from
the preceding so little that I had some misgiving at
first whether it should be separated, but the sporidia are
nearly double the size.

Name—Advena, a stranger ; a little stranger.

Trefriw, North Wales !

(d) On fruit.
29. Hymenoscypha strobilina. (Fries.)

Pyriform, firm ; cup concave, pallid-rufescent ; margin
tumid, entire; stem short, black; asci subcylindrical,
slender, slightly enlarged towards the top; sporidia 8,
oblong or fusiform, 8—12 x 2°54; paraphyses slenderly
filiform.

Peziza strobilina—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 125;
Karst., “ Pez. et Ascob.,” p. 30; Nyl., “Pez. Fenn.,” p. 41;
“ Grevillea,” ii. p. 186. Ombrophila strobilina—Karst.,
“ Myco. Fenn.,” p. 92.

Exs.—Karst., “Fung. Fenn.”; Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,”
ed. ii, Nos. 222 and 624; Phil. “Elv. Brit.” No. 40;
Roumg., “ Fung. Gal,” 1254,

On fir-cones. Autumn and winter.

Cup 300 to 500u broad, and the same high; dise at
first urceolate, afterwards more expanded; the texture
is tough, and when dry the plant is rigid and black.

Name—Strobilis, a pine-cone; from the habitat.

Derbyshire! (Mr. James Renny). North Wootton,

134 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Norfolk ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Near Hereford! near
Shrewsbury! Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith). —

B. SPORIDIA BROADLY FUSIFORM OR CLAVATE.
(a) On wood (one on fruit).

30. Hymenoscypha aquatica. (Curr.)

Cup stipitate; disc minute, very little wider than
the apex of the delicate, almost filiform stem, concave
or convex; asci cylindrical or cylindraceo-clavate ;
sporidia 8, colourless, elliptic or clavate, biguttulate,
13—15 x 5—6y.

Helotium aquaticum—Curr., “Linn. Trans.,” xxiv.
p. 154, t. 25, f 19; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2139.

On fragment of stick in water. May.

Cup 3 a line broad; stem about % to 23 lines long;
solitary. The measures of the sporidia given above are
derived from Mr. Currey’s original specimen. It is to be
regretted he made no note of the colour.

Name—A quaticus, of the water; from its habitat.

Paul’s Cray Common, Kent! (Mr. F. Currey).

31. Hymenoscypha virgultorum. (Vahl.)

Gregarious, stipitate, tough, glabrous, hymenium
yellowish red, at length rufous; cup patelleform or
frequently convex ; exterior paler; stem slender, attenu-
ated downwards, subflocculose; asci eylindraceo-clavate;
sporidia 8, fusiform, often slightly curved, biguttulate,
becoming 1 to 2 pseudo-septate, 14—23 x 3—5u; para-
physes filiform.

Peziza virguitorum—Vahl, “Flo. Dan.,” +t. 1016,
f. 2; Nyl, “Pez. Fenn..” p. 37; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii.
p. (as var. 8 of fructigena). Helotiwm virgultorwm—
Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 109; Cooke, “Handbk.,” 2133
(exs. part).

On dead branches of trees. Autumn.

This nearly resembles fructigena, and is regarded by
many high authorities as a variety of that species, but it

HYMENOSCYPHA. 1395

differs in the sporidia and the colour of the disc. This
is a common species in damp shady woods.
Name—Virgultum, a twig; from the habitat.
North Wootton, Norfolk! (Mr. C. B. Plowright).
Colwyn Bay, North Wales! Shelton Rough, Shrewsbury!

32. Hymenoscypha fructigena. (Bull.)

Gregarious, tough, glabrous, pallid, becoming yellow-
ish; cup patelleeform; stem long, thin, flexuous; asci
cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, clavate or fusiform,
biguttulate, becoming pseudo-l-septate, 15—17 x 3—4n;
paraphyses filiform.

Peziza fructigena—Bull., “Champ.,” p. 263, t. 228;
Batsch., “EL,” t. 150; Sow., t. 117; Pers. “Obs.,” i.
p. 42; Nees, “Sys,” f 292 Schum., “Saell.,.” p. 420;
A. and 8., p.331; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 118 (in part);
Karst., “Myco. Fenn.” p. 113; Fekl, “Symb. Myco.,”
p. 314; “Eng. Flo.” v. p. 201. Phialea fructigena—
Gill, “Champ.,” p. 99, ¢. i.

Exs—Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” ed. i. 1060, ed. ii, 460;
Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,” 479, ed. ii. 392.

On acorns, beech-mast, and chestnuts.

The hymenium is usually white at first, afterwards
it becomes yellow; the exterior dirty white; the stem
is attenuated towards the base, not unfrequently minutely
pubescent ; the sporidia vary from clavate to fusiform,
straight or slightly curved, with two guttule, becoming
uniseptate.

Name—Fructus, fruit, gigno, to bear; growing on
fruit.

Dinmore, near Hereford! North Wales! Forres, N.B.!
(Dr. Keith). Scarborough! (Mr. Massee). Colwyn Bay,
North Wales!

33. Hymenoscypha laburnt. (B. and Br.)

Cup shortly stipitate or sessile, concave or plane,
externally villose, furfuraceous, pale; margin inflexed ;
hymenium ochraceous, bright-coloured ; asci cylindraceo-
clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, sub-acute or clavate, 2 to

136 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

4-guttulate, 17—27 x 5—9u; paraphyses filiform, rather
stout.

Helotiwm laburni—B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,”
No. 1624; “ Grevillea,” v. p. 62.

On decorticated branches of Cytisus laburnum, or
beneath the cuticle, which it seems to throw off.

Cups 3 to 3 aline broad, gregarious, fleshy, firm ; flesh
yellowish-white.

Name—Laburnum, a well-known tree.

Menmuir, N.B.! (Rev. M. Anderson).

34. Hymenoscypha calyculus. (Sow.)

Cup stipitate, concave, margin elevated or expanded,
yellowish-brown, fleshy, firm, smooth ; stem short, thick,
attenuated downwards ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia
8, oblong or oblong-elliptic or clavate, straight or slightly
curved, 15—18 x 3—5mu; paraphyses filiform, slender.

Helotium calyculus—Berk., “ Outl.,” p. 372; Cooke,
“ Handbk.,” No. 2142. Peziza calyculus—Fries, “Sys.
Myco.,” ii. p. 129; “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 202; Sow., t. 116;
With., iv. p. 307; Purt., ii. and in. No. 1083. P. in-
fundibulum—Grev., “Flo. Edin.,” p. 423; Fries, “Sys.
Myco.,” ii. p. 180; B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.” No.
961; Batsch, f. 147. Phialea calyculus—Gill, “Champ.,”
p. 108.

On decorticated wood and branches.

Cup about 1 to 1} lines broad, and the same high.
Bright clear brown, flesh firm; dise concave or plane ;
stem short, enlarging upwards into the cup. This has
probably been confused with H. serotinum and ferru-
ginewm, but the sporidia differ.

Name—xaAv£, the cup of a flower; from its shape.

Near Shrewsbury ! Forres! (Rev. Dr. Keith). King’s
Lynn! (Mr. C. B. Plowright).

(b) On herbaceous stems.

35. Hymenoscypha scutula. (Pers.)

Cup hypocrateriform, becoming nearly plane, firm,
glabrous, testaceous yellow; stem rather slender; asci

HYMENOSCYPHA. 187

cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform or clavate,
straight or curved, 2 to 3-guttulate or pseudo-septate,
18—25 x 464; paraphyses filiform.

Peziza scutula—Pers., “Myco. Eur.,” p. 284; Fries,
“Sys. Myco.,” ii, p. 123; Kickx., “Flo. Flan.,” i. 485;
Nees, f. 282. Helotewm scutula—Karst., “Symb.,” p. 238 ;
“Myco. Fenn.,” 110; “Scott. Nat.” vi. 125. Phialea
scutula—Gill. “Champ.,” p. 108. Helotiwm virgultorum
—Pat., p. 38, f. 94.

Exs.—Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” 739; Sacc., “Myco. Ven.,”
No, 728.

On dead herbaceous stems, Spirea Ulmaria, ete.

Cup 3 to 14 lines broad ; stem 4 to 24 lines long. This
species has a group of near allies which can be regarded
only as varieties.

Name—Scutum, a shield; from its resemblance when
fully expanded to a little shield.

Forres, N.B.! (Rev. J. Keith). Falmouth! (Mr. E. M.
Holmes). Persley Den, near Aberdeen! (Professor
Trail).

Var. fucata. Phil. in “ Elv. Brit.,” No. 120.

Cup subhemispherical; margin incurved ; dise brown-
ish yellow; externally whitish, stained irregularly with
dirty yellow.

On dead stems of Polygonum lying in water.

Ellesmere, Salop !

Var. Lysimachie. Phil. in “ Elv. Brit.,” No. 120a.

On dead stems of Lysimachia vulgaris.
Shrewsbury !

Var. Mentha. Phil.

Cup plane or convex; dise bright yellow; stem
slender ; sporidia 14—2 x 3—5y; 2 to 3 guttule, often
pseudo-uniseptate.

Helotium Menthe in “ Elv. Brit.,” No. 188.

On decaying stems of Mentha.

138 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Name—Lysimachia, a genus of Primulacee ; from
its habitat. ©
Shrewsbury !

Var. Rudbeckic.

Cup 1 line wide; stem about 1 to 1} lines high,
cylindrical, expanding into the base of the cup; sporidia
18—25 X 4—by.

On dead stems of Rudbeckia.

Name—Rudbeckia, a genus of Composite: from its
habitat.

Batheaston ! (Mr. C. E. Broome).

(c) On leaves.
36. Hymenoscypha albida. (Rob.)'

Cup at first subhemispherical, then plane, white,
glabrous, margin entire; stem rather stout, enlarged
upwards; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform
or oblongo-elliptic, 2 to 3-guttulate, curved, becoming
pseudo-septate, 15—17 x 4u; paraphyses filiform.

Peziza albida—Rob. in Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” ed. i.
2004, and ed. ii. 1604; “Ann. Se. Nat.,” 1851, vol. xvi. p.
323. Helotium scutula, var. albidwm—Karst., “ Myco.
Fenn.,” p. 112; “Grevillea,” vi. p.127. Phialea albida
—Gill., “Champ,” p. 105.

Exs.—Desm., “ Crypt. Fr.,” 1. ¢.

On decaying petioles of Fraxinus.

Cup 4 to 1 line broad; stem about the same long.
When fresh this is ivory-white ; the stem is often brown
at the base.

Name—Albidus, inclining to white; whitish.

Copthorn, near Shrewsbury !

Var. disculi.

The sporidia are larger than in H. albida, 20—
23 X 4—5y, and more frequently clavate.

On petioles of horse-chestnut.

Name— 4sculus, the horse-chestnut ; from its habitat.

Shobdon Court, Herefordshire !

HYMENOSCYPHA. 139

C. SPORIDIA FUSIFORM, NARROW,

(a) On wood.
37. Hymenoscypha aurea. (Pers.)

Cup stipitate, concave, or plane, fleshy, darkish-
yellow, glabrous, except at the base of the slender, rather
long stem, which is tomentose and white ; asci cylindraceo-
clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform or oblong-fusiform, simple
or pseudo-septate, 9—10 x 1—2u; paraphyses filiform,
slender, sometimes branched.

Helotium aurewm—Pers., “Syn. Fung.,” p. 678; A.
and §., p. 350; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 156; Gill,
“Champ.,” p. 155.

On decorticated wood, especially pine.

Cup about 4 to 1 line broad; stem about 1 to 1} lines
long, gregarious, slender, but firm.

Name—Aureus, golden ; from the colour.

Near Shrewsbury ; Carlisle ! (Dr. Carlyle).

38. Hymenoscypha emergens. Cooke and Phil.

Scattered or fasciculate, emerging from beneath the
bark ; cups hemispherical or infundibuliform, stipitate,
glabrous, pale ochraceous; hymenium darker; margin
entire ; stem flexuose, tapering downwards; asci cylin-
drical, or cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia fusiform, simple,
straight or slightly bent, 12—14 x 1—1:24; paraphyses
not seen.

On dead branches of a tree, emerging from beneath
the bark.

Cup 4 to line broad; height, including stem, 4 to

line.
: Name—Lmergo, to issue ; from its habit of growth.

Scotland ! (Capt. Carmichael in Kew Herb.).

39. Hymenoscypha concolor. Phil.
Cup hemispherical, thin, firm, pallid or dirty white ;
externally pruinose; hymenium pallid-brown; margin
minutely fimbriate; stem short, rather stout; asci cylin-

140 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

draceo-clavate; sporidia 8, oblong or subfusiform, 8—
10 x 2—8n; paraphyses filiform, slender.

Peziza concolor—Phil. in “ Grevillea,” viii. p. 102;
Steven., “ Myco. Scot.,” p. 321.

On hard decorticated wood.

Cup } to 3a line broad; stem } of a line long.

Name—Concolor, of the same colour ; without varia-

tion of colour.
Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith).

b. On herbaceous stems and grass.

40. Hymenoscypha cyathoidea. (Bull.)

Cup at first pyriform, then hemispherical, at length
expanded, thin, tough, glabrous, white or pallid, margin
entire ; stem rather long, flexuous, attenuated downwards ;
asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, narrowly fusiform
or linear, 5—8 x 1—l‘5u; paraphyses filiform, slender.

Peziza cyathoidea—Bull, “Champ.,” p. 250, t. 416, £3;
Pers., “Syn. Fung.,” p. 662; “ Myco. Eur.,” i. p. 284; Fries,
“Sys. Myco.,” i. p. 124; “Eng. Flo,” v. p. 202;
Nees, f. 294. P. pedicellata—Sow., t. 369, f. 4; Cooke,
“Handbk.,” No. 2092;. Karst., “Pez. et Ascob.,” p. 30;
Nyl., “ Pez. Fenn.,” p. 40; Gonn. and Rabh., iii. t. 6, f. 7.
Cyathicula vulgaris—De Not., “ Dise.,” p. 27. Helotiwm
cyathordewm—Karst., “ Myco. Fenn.,” p. 186. Phialea
cyathoidea—Gill., “Champ.,” p. 106.

Exs.—Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” ed. i. 1061, ed. ii. 461;
Berk., exs. 158; Karst, “Fung. Fenn.,” 836; Fckl.,
“F. Rh.” 1179; Phil, “ Elv. Brit.” 79, 80 ; Rehm, “ Asco.,”
306 ; Roumg., “Fung. Gal.” 832; Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,”
ed. ii. 377.

On dead herbaceous stems, thistle, potato, Lychnis,
Heraclewm, ete.

Cup { to 3 of a line broad ; the stem about } a line long.
Scattered or gregarious, cyathiform, texture tough, when
quite young slightly pruinose externally; the stem
slender, variable in length.

Wame—xiabog, a little cup, eSoe, a resemblance.

HYMENOSOYPHA., 141

Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Neatishead (Dr.
Cooke). Church Stretton, Salop! Wrekin, Salop!

Var. Epilobit. Cooke in “ Fung. Brit.,” No. 378.

On dead stems of Epilobiwm.
Forden, Montgomeryshire (Rev. E. Vize).

Var. Solant. Pers. “ Obs.,” 2, p. 80.

On dead potato-stems.
Exs.— Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” 377.
Wellington, Salop !

41. Hymenoscypha Urticw. (Pers.)

Cup turbinate, pallid-white or fuscescent, perpendicu-
larly striate, firm; margin connivent, slightly pruinose ;
hymenium urceolate; stem rather short, equal, smooth ;
pale yellow ; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, oblong-
fusiform, 7—8 x 2p.

Peziza Urtice—Pers., “ Myco. Kur.,” i. p. 286; Nyl.,
“Pez. Fenn.,” p. 39; Karst., “Mon. Pez.” 136. Peziza
striata—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii, 122; Fekl, “Symb.
Myco.,” p. 307. Helotuwwm Urtice—Karst., “Symb.,”
p. 287 ; and “ Myco. Fenn.,” p. 183.

On dead stems of nettles. Autumn and winter.

Cup about } of a line; stem about the same.

Name—Urtica, generic name of the nettle.

Church Stretton, Salop! Clungunford, Salop! Carlisle!
(Dr. Carlyle).

42, Hymenoscypha clavata. (Pers.)

Cup cyathiform, pallid or fuscescent, glabrous, firm ;
stem rather thick, enlarging into the base of cup; asci
cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong or oblong-fusiform,
4—8 X 1—2y.

Peziza clavata—Pers., “ Myco. Eur.,” p. 285; Fries,
“Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 122; Fekl, “Symb. Myco.,” p. 307.
Helotium clavatwm—Karst., “Myco. Fenn,” p. 135.
Phialea clavata—Gill., “ Champ.,” p. 110.

Exs.—Phil, “ Elv. Brit.,” 124,

142 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

On dead stems of Angelica and Pieris.

Cup about } of a line broad; stem about the same
long; scattered or gregarious.

Name—Clava, a club; shaped like a club.

Near Shrewsbury !

(c) On leaves.
43, Hymenoscypha nitidula. (B. and Br.)

Cup minute, subhemispherical, irregular; externally
pale watery tan, minutely farinaceous, glistening, rather
firm ; stem short, equal ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia
8, fusiform, 7—10 X 34; paraphyses very slenderly fili-
form,

Peziza nitidula—B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No.
570; Cooke, “ Handbk.,’ No. 2091.

On dead leaves of Aira cespitosa. Winter.

“Scattered; cup slightly concave, at first subhemi-
spherical, then nearly plane, often irregular, covered
with glistening mealy particles. Allied to the preceding
(Peziza cacaliw), but distinguished by its uniformly
mealy surface, irregular shape, and depressed, not clavate,
cup” (B. and Br.).

Name—Nitidus, shining ; somewhat shining.

Batheaston, near Bath ! (Mr. C. E. Broome).

44. Hymenoscypha electrina. Phil. and Plow.

Cup subhemispherical, glabrous, shining, amber-
colour, when moist subgelatinous; stem rather short,
firm, darker at the base; asci narrowly clavate, pointed
at the summit; sporidia 8, fusiform, 5 x 1.

Peziza electrina—Phil. and Plow., “ Grevillea,” viii.
p. 155; “Scott. Nat.,” i. (new ser.), 86.

On pine leaves, intermixed with Dacrymyces suc-
cineus, Fries, of which it is the ascigerous stage.

Cup 100 to 500u broad, stem not quite as long as the
breadth of. cup.

Name—Flectrum, amber ; from the colour.

Forres, N.B.! (Mr. C. B. Plowright).

HYMENOSCYPHA. 148

D. SPORIDIA PYRIFORM OR RENIFORM.
(a) On frust.
45. Hymenoscypha amenti. (Batsch.)

Cup concave, then plane, at length convex, firm,
white, becoming greyish-brown; stem short, enlarged
upwards ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, subpyri-
form, 8 X 34; paraphyses slenderly filiform.

Peziza amenti—Batsch, “Cont.,” i. p. 211, f 148;
Pers., “ Myco. Eur.,” p. 314; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p.
127; Karst., “ Pez. et Ascob.,” p. 31; and “Mon. Pez,” p.
140. Helotium amenti—Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 128;
Gill, “ Champ.,” p. 158, ¢ i.

Exs.—Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,” ed. ii. 809 and 1621;
Karst., “Fung. Fenn.” 27; Phil, “Elv. Brit,” 123;
Roumg., “Fung. Gal,” 649.

On dead catkins of willow in damp places.

Cup 200 to 500u broad; height, including stem,
200 to 6004. A minute species, easily recognized by
the pyriform sporidia.

Name—Amentum, a catkin ; from the habitat.

Wrekin, Salop !

(b) On leaves.

46, Hymenoscypha renisporum. (Ellis.)

Stipitate, concave, at length plane, pale cinnamon or
brownish-yellow ; stem equal, slender, darker below;
asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, biseriate, reniform,
10u long, 5u in the broadest part, biguttulate ; paraphyses
filiform, rather stout.

Helotium renisporwm—Ellis in Cooke’s “Synop.
Dise. U. 8.” Ombrophila Sydowiana—Rehm in Exs.
Syd., “Mycoth. Mar.,” 666. Peziza recedens—Phil. in
Herb. Ciboria Sydowiana—Rehm in “ Asco.,” No. 802.

Exs—Rehn, “ Asco.,” J. ¢.; Syd., “Mycoth. Mar.,” 1. ¢.

On decaying leaves of oak, etc., chiefly on the petioles
and ribs. Autumn.

Cup 4 to 1 line broad; stem rather long. The

144 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

margin in the British specimens is subfimbriate, re-
sembling H. petiolorwm, Rob., to which, indeed, it is
closely allied.

Name—Renes, the kidneys, awdépog, a seed ; from the
shape of the sporidia.

Nescliff, near Shrewsbury |

E. SPORIDIA CYLINDRICAL.

(a) On dead wood.
47. Hymenoscypha sordida. (Fckl.)

Gregarious, stipitate, glabrous, dirty white, patelli-
form, marginate, margin becoming crisped and lacerated,
involute; stem firm; hymenium becoming reddish; asci
cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, cylindrical, curved, hya-
line, 6—10 x 1—2un.

Pezizella sordida—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 299°
“Scott. Nat.,” vi. 163.

Exs.—Fcekl., “¥. Bh.,” No. 2078.

On broome, Rosa canina (Fckl.).

Cup 4 to 4 a line broad, thin, when moist soft;
stem very short.

Name—Sordidus, dirty; dingy in colour.

Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith).

(b) On root-fibres.
48. Hymenoscypha rhizophila. (Fckl.)

Cup stipitate, at first infundibuliform, then plane,
immarginate, whitish furfuraceous; hymenium vitelline;
stem rather long; asci linear, attenuated at each end;
sporidia 8, cylindrical, straight, hyaline, 12 x 2u.

Helotvum rhizophilum (Fckl.)\—Cooke, “ Handbk.,”
No. 2155; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 156. Ciboria rhizophila—
Fekl, “Symb. Myco.,” p. 312. ;

Exs.—F ckl., “ F. Rh.,” No. 1598,

On rhizomes of grass. May.

Cup 1 to 14 lines broad.

HYMENOSOYPHA. 145

Name—piZa, a root, fAoe, loving ; found on roots.
Shere, Surrey (Dr. Capron).

(c) On carex stems.

49, Hymenoscypha eburnea. (Rob.)

Cup hemispherical, ivory-white, margin denticulate,
subpruinose; stem short, incurved; asci cylindraceo-
clavate ; sporidia 8, narrowly cylindrical, curved, 5 x Ip.

Peziza eburnea—Rob. in Desm., “Orypt. Fr.,” ed. i.
No. 2004, ed. ii. No. 1604; Desm., “Ann. Sc. Nat.,” 1851,
vol. xvi. 323. Helotium eburneum—Gill, “ Champ.,” p.
160.

Exs.—Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” 0. ¢.

On Carex Pendula. Autumn and winter.

Cup 4004 broad; stem 200u long; scattered or gre-
garious; glabrous except the margin, which is slightly
pruinose. M. Roberge found it on Holcus and Dactyls.

Name—burneus, made of ivory.

Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith).

(d) On Fruit.
50. Hymenoscypha cacalic. (Pers.)

Cup turbinate or subhemispherical, brownish, gla-
brous, firm, mouth subconnivent, paler; stem rather long,
slightly thickened ; asci subcylindrical; sporidia 8,
narrowly cylindrical, somewhat curved, 8 x ly.

Peziza cacalie—Pers., “Myco. Eur.,” p. 285; Fries,
“ Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 122; Fekl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 307;
B. and Br.,, “ Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 569; Cooke, “ Handbk.,”
No. 2090. Phialea cacalice—Gill., “Champ.,” p. 104.

Exs.—Fckl1, “ F. Rh.,” 2283; Berk. in Kew Herb.

On seed-vessels of the common stock, and herbaceous
stems.

Cup about 500u broad; stem about 300u long, but
sometimes nearly absent. .

The dimensions of sporidia given above are from
Fuckel.

L

146 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Name—Cacalia, an herb; from its habitat,
Guernsey, in Herb. Berk. !

Genus IV.—CstorosPLentum. Fries, “Summa Veg.
Scan.,” p. 356.

Cup stipitate, concave or plane, glabrous, waxy,
tough ; eruginous green or olivaceous. (Plate V. fig. 28.)

Name—yAwpée, green, orAijv, the spleen; from the
colour.

Readily distinguished by their dark colour, olivaceous
ov verdigris-green. They are often irregular in form,
and the margin often repand. C. eruginosus stains the
wood on which it grows with its green mycelium.

ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES.
a. Sporidia elliptic on ae . aie ++ species 1
B. Sporidia fusiform

A. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC.

t Chlorospleniwm versiforme. (Pers.)

Gregarious, stipitate or subsessile; cup concave, be-
coming plane or convex, difformed or contorted; hyme-
nium yellowish olive or fuliginous brown; stem slender,
often absent ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 8 x 4;
paraphyses filiform, slender. —

Peziza versiformis—Pers., “Icon. et Deser.,” p. 25,
t. 7, £. 7; “Syn. Fung.,.” p. 647; “ Myco. Eur.,” p. 243;
A. and &., p. 314 (6. lavida) ; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p.
181; Karst., “Mon. Pez.,” p..141. Helotium versiforme
—Berk., “ Outl,” p. 372, t. 2, £ 6; Cooke, “Handbk.,”
No. 2152; Gill, “Champ.” p. 158. Chlorospleniwm
versiforme—De Not., “Dise,” p. 22; Karst., “Myco.
Fenn.,” p. 102. Peziza bulgarioides—Rabh., “ Hedw.,”
1870, p. 136.

Exs.—Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” 1008, 1311; Berk., “ Brit.
Fung.,” 274; Thum., “Mycoth. Univ.,” 217; Berk., 274;
Ellis, “N. A. Fungi,” 988.

CHLOROSPLENIUM. 147

On fir-cones and ash-stumps.

Cup 5 lines broad; entire height about the same.

Name—Verto, to turn, forma, shape; variable in
form.

Apethorpe ! (Rev. M. J. Berkeley).

B. SPORIDIA FUSIFORM.

2. Chlorospleniwm ceruginosum. (“Flo. Dan.”)

Cup shortly stipitate or sessile, head turbinate, then
expanded, subflexuose, verdigris-green ; hymenium paler ;
stem short, rather stout ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia
8, fusiform, 10—14 x 3:5—45u; paraphyses filiform,
slender. (Plate V. fig. 28.)

Peziza wruginosa— Flo. Dan.,” t. 1260, f. 1; Pers.,
“Syn. Fung.,” p. 617; and “ Myco. Eur.,” i. p. 219; Fries,
“Sys. Myco.,” it. p. 180; “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 202; “ Grev.,”
t. 241; Sow., 347; “Flo. Dan.,” 534, 1260, f 1; Nyl,
“Pez. Fenn.,” p. 41; Karst., “Mon. Pez.,” 142. “Helotwwm
eruginosum— Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan.,” p. 353; Fekl.,
“ Symb. Myco.,” p. 314; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2131;
Berk., “ Outl.,” 372; Gill. “Champ.,” p. 151,¢ i. Chloro-
splenium eruginosum—Tul., “Select. Fung. Carp.,” iii.

. 187.
: Exs.—Berk., No. 281; Karst., Nos. 151, 459; Rav.,-v.
No. 40; Fekl, “F. Rh,” 1158; Phil. “Elv. Brit.” No.
86; Ellis, “N. A. Fung.” 987; Roumg., “Fung. .Gal.,”
1858; Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” ed. ii. 389.

On fallen oak branches, staining the wood on which
it grows, for a considerable depth, of a deep verdigris-
green, the wood so stained being employed as “green
oak” in the manufacture of Tunbridge ware. The fully
developed cups are much more rare than the green
mycelioid state.

The cups are 4 to 24 lines broad; the stem is very
variable in length, and often carries more than one cup.
The margin is often lobed, though generally regular.

Name—4rugo, verdigris ; from the colour.

Woods near Ludlow !

148 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Genus V.—BELONIDIUM. Mont. and Dur., “Flo. Alger.”

Cup sessile or shortly stipitate, cyathiform or in-
fundibuliform, mouth compressed when dry; cells of the
excipulum elongate; texture firm; somewhat waxy ; asci
8-spored, paraphyses filiform; sporidia terete, obtuse or
acute at the ends, septate, hyaline. (Plate V. fig. 29.)

Name—fedorfe, a little needle; from the shape of the
sporidia.

ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES.

A. Stipitate or substipitate.

(a) Sporidia fusiform .. oe .- species 1,2
B. Sessile.

(a) Sporidia elliptic or oblong-elliptic » 38

(6) Sporidia fusiform fs ai a4 » 4,5

(c) Sporidia filiform .. a a » 6,7

Key To THE Species.
Growing on wood 5 Sea : a sod
Growing on herbaceous stems ne ee zs 2
Hymenium pallid-white, substipitate sie +. minutissimum.
: fa ae ca allid-ochraceous, sessile a »» ventoswm.

Hymenium dingy-black, externally brown. . -- lacustre.

2. {Hymenium pallid or whitish a ve aa ae
Hymenium pallid or testaccous = os ». eulmicolum.
Externally brown; sporidia fusiform, 3-septate .. pullum.

3.( Externally blackish ; sporidia multiseptate .. excelsius.
Externally horn-colour,; sporidia filiform .. .. filisporum,

\
A. STIPITATE OR SUBSTIPITATE.
(a) Sporidia fusiform.
1. Belonidium culmicolum. (Desm.)

Cup cyathiform or almost campanulate, pallid or
rosy white; the mouth, when dry, contracted, plicate,
nearly closed; hymenium pallid or testaceous, or rosy ;
stem very short, stout, or absent; asci cylindraceo-clavate ;
sporidia 8, fusiform, straight or curved, 3-septate, 23—
28 x 3—4y; paraphyses filiform, sometimes enlarged
slightly at the apices. (Plate V. fig. 29.)

Peziza culmicola—Desm., “Ann. Sc. Nat.,” 1886, p
243. Belonidiwm vexatum—De Not., “ Dise.,” p. 26

BELONIDIUM. 149

Peziza vexata—Karst., “Mon. Pez,” p. 189; “Myco.
Fenn.,” p. 163. Phialea culmicola—Gill., “Champ.,” 103.

Exs,—Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” ed. ii. 519 and 221; Karst.,
“Fung. Fenn,” 545; Phil, “Hlv. Brit,” 116; Desm.,
“Crypt. Fr.,” 282, ed. ii. No. 28.

On dead culms of Graminie.

Cup about 500u broad. The margin is usually
fimbriated, the cup fibroso-striate, the texture waxy.

Name—Culmus, corn-straw, colo, to inhabit.

Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Lynn! (Mr. C. B.
Plowright). Shelton Rough, near Shrewsbury !

2. Belondiwm minutissinmwm. (Batsch.)

Cup at first clavate or obovate, then cupulate, pallid-
white, glabrous; stem very short, attenuated at the base ;
asci clavate; sporidia 8, oblong or oblong-fusiform,
curved, 4-septate, constricted at the septa, 30 x 6u;
paraphyses filiform. -

Peziza minutissima—Batsch, f. 143; B. and Br., “Ann.
Nat. Hist.,” No. 1071, t. 15, f. 21; Cooke, “ Handbk.,”
No. 2095. BP. Helminthosporii—Blox. in Herb. Kew.

On Helminthosporia. Wintcr.

Very minute.

“ Pallid; cups clavate, substipitate ; margin incurved :
sporidia 0014 inch (40u) long, quadriseptate. Interest-
ing from the marked character afforded by the sporidia ”
(B. and Br., 0. ¢.).

Name—Minutus, minute ; very minute.

Twycross! (Rev. A. Bloxam). Batheaston, near Bath
(Mr. C. E. Broome).

B. SESSILE.
(a) Sporidia elliptic or oblong.
3. Belonidium lacustre. (Fries.)

Sessile, applanate, orbicular, soft, waxy, plano-convex,
dingy blackish ; asci clavate; sporidia 8, elliptic or
oblong-elliptic, at length 1 to 3-septate; paraphyses
filiform.

150 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Peziza lacustris—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 143; Nyl.,
“Pez. Fenn.,” p. 62; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2101. Nap-
tera lacustris—Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan.,” p. 359; De
Not. in “Comm. Soe. Critt. Ital.” 5, 1863, p. 375; non
Fekl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 292; nee Curr., “ Linn. Trans.,”
vol. 25, p. 158. Patellaria aquatica—Curr., “ Linn.
Trans.,” vol. 25, p. 155, t. 25, £ 23; “Scott. Nat.,” vi. 163.
Mollisia lacustris—Gill, “ Champ.,” p. 180.

Exs.—Fries, “Sel. Suec.,” No. 173; Rabh., “Fung.
Eur.,” No. 281.

On culms of Scirpus, Arundo, ete.

When young adnate, plano-convex, 4 a line broad,
even, smooth, black, then dilated, plane, free beneath
except the central point of adhesion, externally sooty
black, quite black when dry; margin at first connivent,
then open, inflexed, entire; disc turgid, soft, when moist
dingy, when dry black (Fries, l. ¢.).

After comparing the original specimen of Patellaria
aquatica (Curr.) with an original specimen of Fries, “Sel.
Suec.,” No. 173, in the Kew Herbarium, there can be no
possible doubt of their identity.

Name—Lacus, a lake; from the habitat.

St. George’s Hill, Weybridge! and Paul’s Cray
Common (Mr. F. Currey).

(b) Sporidia fusiform.
4, Belonidiwm eacelsius. (Karst.)

Cups gregarious, convex, livid or cinereous white, or
pallid; when dry concave, the same colour or becoming
blackish ; hymenium whitish or pallid; asci fusiform-
clavate; sporidia 8, elongate-fusiform, ends sub-acute,
multiguttulate, becoming multiseptate, 50—65 x 4—5y;
paraphyses filiform, branched.

eziza, eacelsior—Karst., “Mon. Pez.,” p.165. Mollisea
excelsior—Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 199; “Grevillea,”
viii. p. 102; Steven., “Myco. Scot.,” p. 326.
On dead culms of Arundo. August.
Cup ¢ to § a line broad. This has a pseudo-

BELONIDIUM. 151

parenchyma composed of subglobose cells below the
margin, and oblong cells near and at the margin, which
are umber-brown.

Name—Lacelsus, high, tall; from its very large
sporidia.

Grantown, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith).

5. Belonidiwm ventosum. (Karst.)

Cups gregarious, from subspherical-applanate be-
coming convex, at first totally cinereous, then cinereous-
black ; hymenium pallid-ochraceous, or becoming totally
cinereous-black ; margin elevated, very slightly fiexuose,
obtuse ; asci eylindraceo- -clavate or subcylindrical ;
sporidia 8, elongate-fusiform, often curved; 2 to 4-guttu-
late, or spuriously and slenderly 3-septate, 10—20 x 2
—3:5u; paraphyses filiform.

Peziza ventosa—Karst., “Mon. Pez,” p. 157; Phil.
and Plow., “ Grevillea,” viii. p. 103; Steven., « Myco.
Scot.,” p. 326. Mollisea ventosa—Karst., . Myoo. Fenn.,”
>. 188.

' Exs.—Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” 733; Phil. “ Elv. Brit.,”
173.

On willow. Spring.

Cup { to 1 line broad.

Name—Ventosus, inconstant ; from its inconstant
colour.

Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Near Shrewsbury !

(c) Sporidia filiform.
6. Belonidium pullwm. Phil. and Keith.

Scattered, sessile, at first hemispherical, then ex-
panded, nearly plane; externally brown; hymenium
watery cinereous; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia
fusiform, 4 to 6-guttulate, becoming 3-septate, 25—
30 x 3—5u; paraphyses linear, slender.

sou pullwm—Phil. and Keith in “ Grevillea,”

p. 75.
On Poa and Typha. Autumn.
Cup 3 a line broad. The colour varies from pale

152 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

cinereous brown to chocolate-brown, and the dise pale
watery cinereous or brownish; the margin is usually
erect ; the sporidia in some of the specimens are narrowly
fusiform, in others broader and more obtuse.

It is very near Belonidiwm lacustre (Fries) and B.
Scirpi (Rabh.), but is distinguished from both by the
sporidia.

Name—Pullus, blackish.

Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Near Bristol! (Mr.
C. Bucknall). Near Shrewsbury !

7. Belonidium filisporum. (Cooke.)

Cups scattered or subgregarious, soft, hemispherical,
then flattened; externally horn-colour or tawny, brown
when dry, connivent; hymenium pallid, dirty white,
slightly concave ; asci cylindrical, clavate ; sporidia fili-
form, straight or curved, triseptate, 35 x 34; paraphyses
filiform, simple.

Peziza (Mollisea) filispora-—Cooke in “ Grevillea,” iii.

. 66.
- On sheaths of grass.

Allied to Peziza excelsior, Karst. (Cooke).

Name—Filum, a thread, owdpoc, seed; from the
slender sporidia.

Genus VI—HEtotium. Fries (in part).

Disc always open, at first punctiform, then dilated,
plane or convex, waxy, naked, sessile, or with a short
stout stem; asci cylindrical or subclavate; sporidia 8,
elliptic, fusiform, clavate, oblong, or cylindrical. (Plate V.
figs. 30, 31.)

Name—jAog, a nail.

Distinguished from Hymenoscypha by the shorter
and thicker or absent stem, and the dise being open from
the first; from Belonidiwm by the simple or at most
2-septate sporidia; and from Chlorospleniwm by the
colour.

Mostly yellow or brown, rarely white; epiphytal.

HELOTIUM. 153

ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES,

A. Stipitate or substipitate.
(a) Hag elliptic.

(a) On wood ++ species 1
(8) On herbaceous plants oe » 43
(y) On catkins .. ae oe » 4

(b) Sporidia He UAH

(a) On wood. oe » oll
(ec) Sporidia fusiform or clavate.
(a) On wood : es » 12-14

(8) On herbaceous stems. . ‘ ee » 15,16

(y) On leaves and fern-fronds .. » 17-22
(@) Sporidia linear.

(a) On wood Ae a A » 23

B. Sessile.

(a) Sporidia oblong or oblong eltiptes

(a) On wood » 24, 25
(6) Sporidia fusiform or ‘oblong-fusiform.

(a) On herbaceous stems or twits » 26-28

(8) On cones : oe a » 29
(©) Sporidia cylindrical.

(a) On wood a6 re ae » 380
(d) Sporidia doubtful .. ws a » 981-35

Key To THE SPEcIEs.
A., STIPITATE.

Hymenium brown .. ae oe ae ree |
Hymenium yellow .. o. o . - 2
Hymenium white .. ase a Si 38
Hymenium dark green Agaricinum.
Hymenium honey-coloured; atem cylindrical, slender melleum.
[ymenton pale umber ; stem stout.. Si +. subsessile.
Hymenium ferruginuous; externally paler. . «+ ferrugineum.

1. {Hymenium pale brick-red ; stem delicately villous sublateritium.
Hymenium testaceous or ochery pallid stem equal,
paler .. ais salicellum.
Hymenium pale yellowish-brown : on Marchantia Marchantiz.
Hymenium bright yellow; externally pallid +. flavum.
Hymenium lemon-yellow; externally the same

colour citrinum.
Hymenium pale Yellow; externally pallid : on dead
leaves ‘5 sulphuratum.

Hymenium pale yellow: margin paler: on dead wood pallescens.
Hymenium pale yellow; margin repand: on Spirea repandum.
Hymenium pale yellow; margin acute, repand : on

leaves immutabile.
Hymenium yellow, dark brown beneath ; stem stout jibuliforme.
Hymenium yellow; margin even, orbicular; stem

papilliform .. lenticulare.
Hymenium pallid-ochraceous; ‘stem nearly ‘obsolete:
on grass : oe ++ graminium.
Hymenium pallid-ochraceous : “on leaves an «. epiphyllum.
\Hymenium egg-yellow ; margin paler, repand .. ilicis.

154 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Stem slender, very short : on catkins o «» alntellum.
Stem obconic ; margin obtuse; on roots .. -. politum.
Stem obconic; cup semitransparent and repand: on

3,2. twigs . a as ». ptleatum.

* }Stem obconic: on wood. amberbe.

Stem extremely short, thick, at times obsolete: on

| wood .. te os i or “i +» fagineum.
Stem extremely short; cup hyaling;on leaves .. phyllophilum.
B. SESSILE,

Hymenium pale brown, sprinkled with shining

particles ae ae a oe oe .. ochraceum,
Hymenium bay-brown ous es aG -» badium.
Hymenium yellow as .
Hymenium white ee . » 2

Hymenium egg-yellow; margin raised, paler es claroflavum.
1 Hymenium yellow; margin crenulate +. punctiforme.

Hymenium pale yellow: on cones .. ae + conigenum.
Hymenium lutescent: on Humulus .. os ». = Humult.
Hymenium chalk-white, pruinose: on dead wood.. pruinosum.
Hymenium white, not pruinose: on herbaceous stems herbarum.
2, ¢Hymenium pallid, externally darker: on Cytisus.. scoparium,
Hymenium pallid; flesh watery consistence: on
mosses ie sca 1 Fe phascoides

A. STIPITATE OR SUBSTIPITATE.
(a) Sporidia elliptic.
(a) On wood.

1. Helotiwm ferrugineum. (Schum.)

Substipitate, obconic; hymenium concave, ferru-
ginous-yellow; externally, as well as the tumid margin,
pallid-yellow; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8,
elliptic, subfusiform or clavate, 2-guttulate, 10O—13 x 3—
Bus Beeler filiform, slender. (Plate V. fig. 80.)

elotium ferrugineum—Berk., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,”
No. 962; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2161; Gilk, « Champ.,”
p. 152. Peziza ferruginea—Schum., “Saell.,” p. 412;
Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii, p. 184; Bull, t. 300, ar. P.
disciformis—Hoff,, “Ieon. An.,” t. 16, f. 1-5.

On dead oak twigs, ete. Autumn.

Cups gregarious or scattered, about } to 4 a line broad ;
at first concave, then plane, at length convex; flesh
tinted brown; margin lighter in colour than the dise,

HELOTIUM. 155

which is ferruginous; sporidia very variable in size
and shape.
Nearly allied to H. calyculus.
Name—Ferrugo, iron rust; from the colour.
Houghton! (Rev. M. J. Berkeley).

(8) On herbaceous stems and roots.
2. Helotiwm graminium (nov. sp.).

Stipitate; cup plane or. convex, glabrous, pallid-
ochraceous; stem short, rather stout, often slightly
attenuated in the centre, expanding into the base of the
cup; asci subclavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic, with one or
two guttule, 8—11 x 45; paraphyses slenderly fili-
form.

On grass. Spring.

Cups 4 to 1} of a line broad, about the same high ;
margin obtuse.

Name—Gramineus, of or belonging to grass; from its
habitat.

King’s Lynn! (Mx. C. B. Plowright).

3. Helotiwm politwm (nov. sp.).

Substipitate, plane or slightly concave, glabrous,
white; margin even, obtuse; the short stem gradually
enlarged from the base upwards into the cup; asci
cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, elliptic, ends nearly
pointed, 10—13 x 4—5p.

On roots of some small plant under the surface of the
soil in a plantation. November.

Cup 4 to 3? of a line broad, the short stem tapering
downwards to a point. When moist, shining.

Name—Politus, polished.

Shelton Rough, near Shrewsbury !

(y) On catkins.
4, Helotiwm alniellum. (Nyl.).

Cup shortly stipitate, plane, white or pallid-white ;
stem slender, short or very short; asci cylindraceo-

156 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

clavate; sporidia 8, oblong or fusiform, 3-guttulate,
6—12 x 2—4u; paraphyses scarce.

Peziza alnella—Nyl, “Pez. Fenn.,” p. 45; Karst.,
“Mon. Pez,” p. 140. Helotvwm alniellum—Karst.,
“Myco. Fenn.,” p. 129. Helotium Grenseri—Auersw. in
Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,” ed. ii. No. 1122; “Scott. Nat.,” v1. 124,

Exs.—Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” ed. ii, No. 1122.

On catkins of Alnus glutinosus. ; ,

Cup 3 to 3a line broad, sessile or subsessile, pallid-
white or yellowish. ,

Name—Alnus, the generic name of the alder-tree.

Forres, N.B.! (Dr. Keith). Scarborough! (Mr. Massee).

(6) Sporidia oblong-elliptic.
(a) On wood.

5. Helotiwm fibuliforme. (Bolt.)

Cup stipitate, convex, yellow, fleshy, rather firm;
dark brown beneath, as well as the short, thick, sub-
villose stem; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia oblong
or fusiform, 2-guttulate, 9—12 x 2—4u.

Helvella fibulsformis—Bolt., t. 176. Peziza fibuli-
formis—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 155; “Eng. Flo.,” v.
p. 207. Helotiwm fibuliforme—Berk., “Outl.,” p. 871;
Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2126; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 158.

On sticks of elm in water; also on ash in like
situations.

Cup 14 to 3 lines broad, about 24 lines high.

It consists of a little hard pileus, smooth, slippery,
and of a yellow-ochre colour on the upper side. It is
supported by a round stem, a line in length; of a solid
and firm consistence ; and, together with the under side of
the pileus, is of a dusky black (Bolt., l. c.).

Name—/ibula, a button, forma, shape.

Bell Bank, near Bingley (Bolton). Bettws-y-Coed !

6. Helotiwm flavum. (Klotzsch.)

Gregarious, stipitate; cup at first subpyriform, then
expanded; hymenium bright yellow ; externally pallid;

HELOTIUM. 157

glabrous stem, rather short, tapering to the base; asci
cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, elliptic, rarely sub-
clavate, 20 x 4-_5u; paraphyses filiform, slender.

Peziza flava—Klotzsch in Kew Herb.!

On decorticated wood.

Cup about } to 4 a line broad.

Name—Flavus, yellow.

7. Helotiwm lenticulare. (Bull.)

Cup substipitate or sessile, fleshy, firm, convex, ad-
pressed to the wood, luteus; stem papilleform, often
nigrescent; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong,
oblong-elliptic, or clavate, 10—15 x 3—45y.

Helotium lenticulare—Berk., “ Outl.,” p. 372; “Eng.
Flo.,” v. p. 203; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2147; Fekl,
“Symb. Myco.,” p. 315; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 154. Peziza
lenticularis—Bull, t. 300, f. a, c; “Flo. Dan.,” t. 1294,
fl. P. aurea—Sow., t. 150. H. nigripes—Schum.,
“Saell.,” p. 412; Pers., “Myco. Eur.” p. 544,

On dead wood. Autumn.

About 1 line broad, nearly sessile, glabrous, bright
yellow, convex.

The sporidia were derived from Sowerby’s original
specimen in Herb. Berk.

Name—Lenticularis, form of a little lens.

8. Helotiwm citrinum. (Hedw.)

Cup shortly stipitate or sessile, plano-concave, lemon-
yellow, waxy, firm, glabrous; asci cylindraceo-clavate ;
sporidia 8, fusiform or oblong-elliptic, 2 to 3-guttulate,
often pseudo-uniseptate, 7—15 x 3u; paraphyses filiform.

Octospora citrina—Hedw., “Mus. Frond.,” ii. p. 28.
Helotiwm citrinum—Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan.,” p. 355 ;
Berk., “ Outl.,” p. 372; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2145 ;
Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 120. Peziza citrina—Batsch,
fig. 208; Pers., “Syn. Fung.,” p. 663; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,”
ii. p. 181; Karst., “Pez. et Ascob.,” p. 32; “Mon. Pez.,”
p. 143; Nyl., “ Pez. Fenn.,” p. 43; Fekl., “Symb. Myco.,”
p. 815. Phialea citrina—Gill, “Champ.,” p. 109.

158 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Exs.—Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,” No. 29; Karst., “Fung.
Fenn.,” No. 80 and 458; Moug. and Nest., No. 784;
Phil., “ Elv. Brit.” No. 41; Rehm, “ Asco.,” 704; Roumg.,
“Fung. Gal.,” 446, 650.

On dead stumps and naked wood, Autumn.

Cup from } to 1 line broad. Gregarious or crowded ;
clear citrine-yellow..

Name—Citrus, lemon; lemon-yellow.

Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Penicuick, near Edin-
burgh! Cawdor, N.B.! Leigh Woods, near Bristol (Mr.
Cedric Bucknall). Forden, Montgomeryshire! (Rev. J.
E. Vize). Downton, Salop! Wrekin, Salop! Trefrew,
North Wales! Clungunford, Salop !

9. Helotiwm pallescens. (Pers.)

Cup shortly stipitate, concave or plane, waxy, pale
yellow or whitish, inclining to pallid, glabrous; stem
short, rather stout, or absent; asci cylindraceo-clavate ;
sporidia elliptic or oblong, pseudo-uniseptate, 8—11 x 2
—4y ; paraphyses filiform, slender.

Helotium pallescens—Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan.,”
p. 855; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2146; Karst., “Myco.
Fenn.,” p. 114 (?); Gill,“Champ.,” p. 109. Peziza pal-
lescens—Pers., “ Obs.” p. 85; “Syn. Fung.” p. 664;
Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 182; “Eng. Flo.,” p. 203.

Exs.—Karst., “ Fung. Fenn.,” 640.

On dead stumps. Autumn.

Cup about 4 to 1 line broad, nearly sessile, firm,
waxy texture, margin paler than the disc, and regular.

Name—Pallesco, to grow pale.

Leigh Woods, near Bristol (Mr. Cedric Bucknall).
North Wootton! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Forres, N.B.!
(Rev. Dr. Keith). Near Shrewsbury !

10. Helotium subsessile. Schum.

Cups very shortly stipitate or sessile, plano-convex,
pale umber, externally pallid; stem umber-brown at the
base; asci clavate; sporidia 8, oblong, sublanceolate, 2
to 3-nucleate.

HELOTIUM. 159

Helotiwm subsessile—Schum., “ Saell.,” p. 415; Berk.,
“Qutl,” p. 372; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2153. Peziza
helotioides—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 185; B. and Br.,
“ Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 573; “Flo. Dan.,” t. 1855, f. 3.

On dead branches. October.

Of a dull ochre rather than umber. The stem is very
thick, obconical, and merely a prolongation of the pileus ;
the hymenium convex (Berkeley). No specimen of this
exists in Mr. Berkeley’s herbarium.

Name—Sub, somewhat, sessilis, sitting; nearly stem-
less.

King’s Cliffe (Rev. M. J. Berkeley).

11. Helotiwm fagineum. (Pers.)

Cup shortly stipitate or sessile, plane or convex,
whitish or yellowish, glabrous, waxy, firm; stem short,
thick, or absent; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8,
oblong, or oblong-elliptic, 13 X 4; paraphyses scarce.

Helotium faginewm—Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan.,” p.
356; Berk., “Outl.,” p. 872; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No.
2158; Fekl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 315. Peziza faginea—
Pers., “ Tent. Disp. Meth.,” p. 34; “Myco. Eur.,” p. 296;
A. and §., p. 334; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 1386; Scop.,
“ Ann.,” iv. t. 2,f. 3; Johns., “Flo. Ber.,” ii. p. 150; “ Eng.
Flo.,” v. p. 204; “ Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 963*.

Exs.—Fckl.,, “ F. Rh.,” 1146.

On beech-mast. Autumn.

Cup about 4 to 1 line broad; gregarious or crowded.

Name—Fagus, beech ; growing on beech.

Near Bristol (Mr. Cedric Bucknall). Wrekin, Salop!
Glamis (Rev. J. Fergusson).

(a) Sporidia fusiform or clavate.
(a) On wood.

12. Helotium salicellum. Fries.

Cup shortly stipitate, plane, adpressed, orbicular,
firm, testaceous or ochery pallid; stem equal, paler;
asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, elongate-fusiform,

160 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

straight or slightly curved, 2 to 4-guttulate, or spuriously
1 to 3-septate, 25—30 x 5—7u; paraphyses filiform,
stout.

Helotium salicellum—Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan.,” p.
356; Berk., “Outl,” p. 372; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No.
2151; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 157. Peziza salicella—Fries,
“Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 183; B. and Br, “Ann. Nat. Hist.,”
No. 573*; Karst., “Pez. et Ascob.,” p. 84; “Mon. Pez.,” p.
184; Nyl, “ Pez. Fenn.,” p. 45.

Exs—Rabh., “Fung. Eur,” 1707; Cooke, “ Fung.
Brit.,” 558,

On branches of Salia. August to October.

Cup 3 to 1 line broad. The measurement of sporidia
is from Drs. Nylander and Karsten.

Name—Salia, a willow; growing on a willow.

Neatishead (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Nescliffe, Salop !
Shrewsbury !

13. Helotium mellewm. B. and Br.

Pallid honey-colour; stem short, cylindrical; cups
plane, flexuose ; margin elevated, inflexed ; asci elongated,
lanceolate ; sporidia biseriate, fusiform, curved on one
side, multiguttulate, 30u.

Helotium mellewm—B. and Br., “ Ann. Nat. Hist.,”
No. 1487; “Grevillea,” iii, p. 122.

On rotten wood.

“ About a line broad; stem half as much high, Allied
to H. luteolum” (B. and Br.).

Name—Melleus, like honey ; the colour of honey.

New Pitsligo (Rev. J. Fergusson).

14. Helotiwm pileatum. Karst.

Cup stipitate, slightly concave, becoming convex;
margin deflexed, frequently repando-lobate, whitish,
livid, or pallid with a bluish tinge; stem short, thickened
upwards; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong-
elliptic or oblong-fusiform, becoming pseudo-uniseptate,
ae x 5—7u; paraphyses filiform, stoutish, granular
within.

HELOTIUM. 161

Helotium pileatum—Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 130.

On dead twigs, buried under the soil in very damp
places. Autumn.

Cups about 1 line broad, about the same in height;
Scattered, glabrous, semitransparent, but firm. This has
the largest sporidia of any British species I am acquainted
with.

Name—Pileatus, wearing a cap; from the capitate
head.

(8) On herbaceous stems.
15. Helotium sublateritium. B. and Br.

Pallid, brick-red ; stem short, cylindrical, delicately
whitish villose, becoming ‘smooth; cups plane, veined
beneath; margin elevated; asci linear; sporidia uni-
seriate, shortly fusiform, biguttate, 25 x 5.

Helotium sublateritium—B. and Br., “Ann. Nat.
Hist.,” No. 1488 ; “Grevillea,” iii. p. 122.

On stems of herbaceous plants.

Name—Sub, somewhat, later, a brick; somewhat
brick-red.

Glamis, N.B.

16. Helotiwm repandwm (nov. sp.).

Cup shortly stipitate, plane, repand, thin, pale
yellow, margin sublobate; stem very short, attenuated
at the base; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, sub.
cylindrical or oblong-elliptic, 7—10 x 2u; paraphyses
filiform, slender.

On Spirea ulmaria in damp places.

Cup about 4 to 4 a line broad.

Name—Repandus, bent backwards.

Scotland ! (Rev. Dr. Keith).

(y) On leaves and fronds.

17. Helotium sulphuratum. (Schum.)

Cup stipitate or subsessile, at first orbicular, con-
cave, then expanded, margin entire, between sulphur
M

162 BRITISH DISCOMYOETES.

and Jemon-colour; externally, as well as the tumid margin,
pallid; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, fusiform,
straight or curved, 2 to 3-guttulate, 12—17 x 83—4'5y;
paraphyses filiform, slender, sometimes branched. ‘
Peziza sulphurata—Schum., “Saell.,” p. 428 5 Flo.
Dan.,” t. 1915, f. 2; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” i. p. 72; Pezia
thejocroa—Pers., “ Myco. Eur.,” p. 296; “Scott. Nat.,
vi. 122.
On the ground in pine woods; on fallen leaves of
pine. Autumn. ;
Cups } to 2 lines broad; gregarious, at first slightly
floccose; the stem is short, not unfrequently absent.
The sporidia are nearly pointed at the extremities.
Name—Sulphuratus, dressed with brimstone ; from
its colour. :

Cawdor, N.B.}

18. Helotium immutabdile. Fckl.

Epiphyllous, of a pale unchangeable yellow; the cups
are scattered, and sessile or attenuated into a very short
concolorus stem, plane, acutely margined, orbicular or
slightly repand; asci clavate; sporidia 8, obliquely uni-
seriate, oblong-ovate, straight, continuous, hyaline,
11—12 X 3—5u; paraphyses filiform.

Helotium immutabtle—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,” nacht.
i. p. 50.

Exs.— F, Bh,,” No. 2388.

On fallen leaves of Populus tremula.

Cups 1 to 1°5 lines broad. Distinguished from H.
epiphyllum not only by the constancy of the colour,
but also the smaller and differently shaped asci and
sporidia.

Name—Immutabilis, unchangeable.

Near Shrewsbury !

19. Helotium phyllophilum. (Desm.)

Cup plano-concave, becoming convex, glabrous,
hyaline-white or yellowish white ; stem short, or nearly

HELOTIUM. 163

absent; asci clavate; sporidia 8, fusiform, straight, or
curved, 11 x 2:5u; paraphyses filiform.

Peziza phyllophila—Desm., “Crypt. Fr.” Helotiwm
phyllophilwum—Karst., “ Symb.,” p. 239. Pezicula phyllo-
phila—Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 167. Helotiwm albo-
punctum—Bucknall, “ Fung. Bristol,” No. 805. Phialea
phyllophila—Gill., “ Champ.,” p. 105.

Exs.—Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” ed. i. 1159.

On dead leaves of Acer, Fagus, etc. Autumn and
winter. :

Cup about 1} lines broad; gregarious or scattered.
Nearly obconical in outline at first, the cup at length
expands, and the disc is slightly concave, and at length
often convex.

Name—giArov, a leaf, pirdoc, loving; from its
habitat.

Leigh Downs, Bristol! (Mr. C. Bucknall).

20. Helotiwm epiphyllwm. Fries.

Cup subsessile, convexo-plane, marginate, pallid-
ochraceous, smooth, firm; stem very short or absent;
asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, fusiform or oblong-
elliptic, straight or bent, 3 to 4-guttulate, 12—15 x 4;
parapbyses filiform, slender.

Helotium epiphyllwm—Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan.,”
p. 356; Berk., “Outl,” p. 372; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 155,
ci. Peziza epiphylla—Pers., “Tent. Disp. Meth.,” p. 72;
“Syn. Fung.” p. 669; A. and 8. p. 339; Fries, “Sys.
Myoo.,” li. p. 187; Karst., “ Pez. et Ascob.,” p. 85; “Mon.
Pez,” p. 143; Nyl, “Pez. Fenn.,” p. 46; Fekl., “Symb.
Myco.,” p. 316.

Exs.—F kl, No. 1145; Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” 722 ;
Roumg., “ Fung. Gal.,” 1264.

On dead leaves.

Cup about 4 to 14 lines broad.

Name—ézi, upon, ¢éAAov, a leaf; from its habitat.

Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Cawdor, N.B. ! (Rev.
J. Stevenson). Leigh Woods, near Bristol! (Mr. Cedric
Bucknall).

164 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

21. Helotiwm ilicis (nov. sp.).

Sessile, plane or concave, glabrous, waxy, vitelline ;
margin paler, obtuse, repand; asci clavate, pointed at
the summit; sporidia fusiform, biguttulate, at length
pseudo-uniseptate, 6—9 x 2°54; paraphyses filiform.

Helotiwm epiphyllum, var. ilicina—Phil, “ Elv. Brit.,
No. 134.

On holly leaves.

Cup } of a line broad.

Name—lIlew, the holly ; from its habitat.

Shrewsbury! Carlisle! (Dr. Carlyle).

22. Helotiwm Marchantic. Berk.

Cup shortly stipitate or sessile, rather thick, plane,
marginate, flexuose, pale yellowish brown; stem very
short or absent, obconical; asci cylindraceo-clavate ;
sporidia 8, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 12—15 x 3—5y;
paraphyses filiform, rather stout.

Helotiwm Marchantie—Berk., “ Outl.,” p. 372 ; Cooke,
“Handbk.,” 2160; Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan.,” p. 356;
Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 123. Peziza Marchantioe—
Berk., “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 204.

On fading Marchantia hemispherica. May.

Cup about $ to ? ofa line broad, “smooth, head quite
confluent with the thick stem, so as to be irregularly
and obtusely obconic; flesh white; hymenium thin”
(Rev. M. J. Berkeley). i

Name—Marchantia, a genus of Hepatice ; from its
habitat.

Whittlesea Mere (Rev. M. J. Berkeley),

(d) Sporidia linear.
(a) On wood.
23. Helotiwm imberbe. (Bull.)

Cup turbinate, becoming plano-concave, subflexuous,
fleshy or waxy, smooth, white; stem short or nearly
ees asci (?); sporidia 8, linear, slightly curved, 10u
ong.

HELOTIUM. 165

Peziza imberbis—Bull, “ Champ.,” t. 467, £2; Fries,
“Sys. Myco.,” ii p. 1386; D. C., “Flo. Fr.” ii p. 81;
Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2094. Peziza nivea—Batsch,
“EL,” p. 117, £59. Helotiwm imberbe—Berk., “ OutL.,”
p. 18; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 162.

Exs.—FcklL, No. 1148.

On willow.

Name—Imberbis, without a beard; without hairs,

Mossburnford,

B. SESSILE,

(a) Sporidia oblong or oblong-elliptic.
(a) On wood.

24, Helotwwm claro-flavum. (Grev.)

Cup very shortly stipitate or sessile, plane, clear
yellow, glabrous ; margin raised, obtuse, sublobate; asci
cylindrical; sporidia 8, oblong or oblong-elliptic,
7—10 X 2—3y; paraphyses filiform, slender. (Plate V.
fig. 31.) _

e Peziza claro-flava—Grev., “Flo. Edin,” p. 424;
“Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 2038. Helotvwm claro-flavum (Grev)—
Berk., “ Outl.,” p. 372; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2150.

On decayed wood and branches. Autumn.

Cups very minute, the largest not 4 a line broad,
always concave; whole plant very bright yellow; hyme-
nium darker (Grev.). I find the cups more frequently

lane.

: Name—Clarus, clear, flavus, light yellow.

Braid Hermitage, near Edinburgh (Dr. Greville).
Wrekin, Salop !

25. Helotiwm pruinosum. Jerd.

Cup sessile, plane, thick, firm, marginate or im-
marginate, chalky white, pruinose; asci cylindraceo-
clavate; sporidia 8, oblong or oblong-elliptic, 3 to
4-cutiulate, becoming 2-septate, 20—22 x 4u; paraphyses
filiform, slender.

166 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Helotium pruimoswm—Jerd., B. and Br., “ Ann. Nat.
Hist.,” No. 1174, t. 5, £ 88; Cooke, “Handbk,,” No.
2154, .

Exs—Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,” No. 575; ed. i. 390 ;
Phil, “Ely. Brit.” No. 89; Rabh., “ Fung. Eur. 1514;
Roumg., “ Fung. Gal.” 2771. ;

On Hypoxylon fuscum and Diatrype stigma ; on dead
wood. Autumn. pane

Cup about 4a line broad. The hymenium is often
bluish, and nearly always chalky. .

Name—Prwina, hoar-frost ; from the hoary dise.

Derbyshire (Mr. J. Renny). Leigh Woods, near
Bristol (Mr. C. Bucknall), Near Shrewsbury! Llany-
blodwell, Oswestry !

(b) Sporidia fusiform or oblong-fusiform.
(a) On herbaceous stems or twrgs.
26. Helotiwm herbarwm. (Pers.)

Cup very shortly stipitate or sessile, plane or convex,
firm, white ; stem extremely short or absent; asci cylin-
draceo-clavate; sporidia 8, fusiform or oblong-fusiform,
2 to 3-guttulate, becoming pseudo-uniseptate, 12—
15 x 2--4u; paraphyses filiform, slender.

Helotiuwm herbarum (Pers.)—Fries, “Summa Veg.
Scan.,” p. 356; Berk., “Outl,” p. 872; Cooke, “ Handbk.,”
No. 2156; Fekl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 316; Gill, “Champ.,”
p. 162, ci. Peziza herbarwm—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii.
p. 186; “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 204; Karst., “Pez. et. Ascob.,”
p. 84; “Mon. Pez,” 146; Nyl, “ Pez. Fenn,” p. 45.

Exs.—Desm., “Crypt. Fr.” ed. i. 603; ed. ii 568;
Rabh., “Herb. Myco.,” ed. ii. 227; Karst, “ Fung. Fenn.,”
81;. Fekl, “EF, Bh,” 1147; Phil, “Ely. Brit,” 873
Cooke, “Fung. Brit,” ser. ii, 391; Roumg, “Fung.
Gal.,” 451.

On dead herbaceous stems in moist woods. Autumn.

Name—Herba, an herb; on herbs,

Forres (Rev. Dr. Keith). Rose Hill, near Sh bury!
Wrekin, Salop! ) rewsbury

HELOTIUM. 167

27. Helotium Humuli. (Lasch.)

Cup very shortly stipitate or sessile, convex,
becoming slightly concave, lutescent, firm; asci cylin-
draceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, slender, 2 to
3-guttulate, becoming uniseptate, straight or slightly
curved, 16—20 x 4.

Peziza Hwmuli—Lasch. in Rabh., “Herb. Myco.,” ed.
li, 221, and ed. i. 630. Helotiwm Humuli—Karst.,
“ Myco. Fenn.,” p. 112. Peziza Humilis—Desm., “ Ann.
Se. Nat.,” 1847, notice 84.

Exs.—Roumg,, “ Fung. Gal.,” 1859.

On dead stems of Humulus Lupulus.

Cup 1 line broad, scattered, mostly sessile, thick,
waxy, glabrous, at first globose, then the disc becomes
slightly depressed, almost marginate. The colour is at
tirst white; it then changes to pale yellow or pale
brown.

Name—Humutus, the hop; on hops.

Llanymynach !

28. Helotiwm badiwm (nov. sp.).

Gregarious, erumpent, sessile, at first turbinate and
slightly concave, at length plane; hymenium bay-brown,
margin distinct and somewhat lighter; externally the
same colour, glabrous; asci broadly clavate, rather
abruptly narrowed at the base; sporidia 8, oblong-
fusiform or subclavate, 3 to 5-guttulate, 20 x 54; para-
physes filiform, slender.

On dead twigs (willow ?)

Cup 4 to 1 line broad; margin entire and even. It
has a general likeness to H. ferruginewm, but differs
altogether in the fruit.

Botanic Garden, Oxford ! 1822 (Mr. Baxter).

(8B) On cones.

29. Helotium conigenum. (Pers.)

Cup shortly stipitate or sessile, plane, at length
convex, pale yellow or pallid, glabrous; stem thick,

168 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

short, at length obliterated; asci cylindraceo-clavate ;
sporidia 8, fusiform, 6 X 2u. : :

Helotium conigenum (Pers.)—Berk., “ Outl.,” p. 372 ;
Cooke, “Handbk.,” No, 21385; Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p.
126; Fekl, “Symb. Myco.,” p. 316; Gill., “Champ.,” p.
159. Peziza conmgena—Pers., “Syn. Fung.,” p. 634;
Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 189; “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 205;
Nyl.,, “Pez. Fenn.,” p. 49; Karst., “Pez. et Ascob.,” p. 36 ;
“Mon. Pez.,” p. 152.

On cones of Scotch fir in damp spots. Autumn.

Cup } to 4 a line broad; gregarious; stem often
reduced to a mere point. Nylander and Karsten give
the size of sporidia as 7-—8 x 3°5yu.

Name—Conwus, a ccne, gignere, to bear ; on cones.

Near Shrewsbury! Buttington, Montgomeryshire !

(c) Sporidia cylindrical.
(a) On wood.

30. Helotium scoparium. Cooke.

Cup sessile, convex, becoming greyish in drying,
dise rather paler; asci clavate; sporidia 8, cylindrical,
obtuse, straight or curved, biguttulate, at length pseudo-
septate, 20—25 x 54; paraphyses filiform, granular.

Helotiwm scoparvwm—Cooke, “ Grevillea,” iv. p. 112.

On dead twigs of broom,

Cup % a line broad; scattered or subgregarious;
asci 100u long, 29u broad.

Name—Scoparius, brown; on broom.

Dupplin Castle, Perth (Dr. M. C. Cooke).

(d) Sporidia doubtful.
31. Helotiwm punctiforme. (Grev.)

Cup shortly stipitate or sessile, punctiform, globose
becoming expanded, at length convex, fleshy, glabrous,
yellow ; margin crenulate. ;

Peziza punctiformis—Grev., “Se. Crypt. Flo,” ¢
63. Helotium punctatum—Fries, “Summa Veg. Sean.,”

HELOTIUM. 169

p. 356; Berk., “ Outl.,” p. 372; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No.
2159.

On dead oak leaves.

Name—Punctum, a point, forma, shape; from the

shape.
Edinburgh (Dr. Greville).

32. Helotium phascoides. Fries.

Of a waxy or watery consistence, minute, pallid,
with a brick-red tinge; head turbinate, plane; stem
short, sub-equal.

Peziza phascoides—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 138;
“Eng. Flo.” v. p. 204. Helotiwm phascoides—Fries,
“Summa Veg. Scan.,” 355 ; Berk., “ Outl.,” p. 372; Cooke,
“ Handbk.,” No. 2136.

On small mosses.

“Mr. Wilson’s specimens are subgregarious and
perhaps a less red tinge, as far as may be judged from
the dry plant, but there is no doubt that they are what
Fries intends” (Berk. in “Eng. Flo.,” 1. ¢).

I have not seen this; it is not in Mr. Berkeley’s
herbarium.

Name—Phascum, the genus of mosses on which it
grows.

33. Helotium ochracewm. (Grev.)

Cup shortly stipitate or sessile, smooth, yellowish-
brown, fleshy; disc paler, concave, plane, or convex,
sprinkled with granular shining particles; asci cylin-
draceo-clavate ; sporidia 8.

Helotium ochraceum—Berk., “ Outl.,” p. 372; Cooke,
“Handbk.,” No. 2148. Peziza ochracea—Grev., t. 5;
“Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 204,

On the bark of a fallen tree. Autumn.

Plants minute, gregarious, of an ochery brown colour,
globular and concave in the young state, and gradually
becoming plane or even somewhat convex ; substance
thick and fleshy, not shrinking much in drying ; margin
depressed, rounded, entire, somewhat showing a tendency

\

170 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

to become lobed; barren or inferior surface smooth,
rather rugose or puckered towards the root; hymenium
or upper surface appearing as if sprinkled with minute
shining particles, not unlike small grains of brown sugar ;
tubular cells containing the sporules, filiform, mixed
with barren filaments ; sporules 5 to 8 (Grev., l. ¢.).

Name—Ochraceus, colour of yellow ochre.

Braid Hermitage, near Edinburgh (Dr. Greville)
Shrewsbury (Rev. W. A. Leighton).

32. Helotium agaricinuin. Berk.

Firm, dark green, convex, rather uneven; margin
revolute; stem rather thick, obconic; asci long, flexuous,
obtuse.

Peziza agaricina—Carm., MSS., “ Eng. Flo.,” v. p.
207; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” 2127.

On decayed wood.

Plant 14 to 2 lines broad, very much resembling at
first sight Helotiwm virens (Pers. in litt.), but on closer
inspection quite different (“ Eng. Flo.”).

33. Helotiwm buccina. Fries.

Rather large, infundibuliform, dull yellow; stem
thickened, striate, somewhat incurved.

Peziza buccina—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 129; “Eng.
Flo.,” v. p. 202. Helotium buccina—Fries, “Summa
Veg. Scan.,” 355;, Berk. “Outl,” p. 872; Cooke,
“ Handbk,,” 2141.

On wood and pine branches. Rare.

Carmichael’s original specimen (129, Kew. Herb.) is
+ of an inch broad, $ high, and decidedly gelatinoso-
cartilaginous. It is, to me,a Guepinia, there being no
asci present. Carmichael considered it a V'remella.

34. Helotiwm sclerotioides. Berk.

Convex, umbilicate, clear red-brown, concave ben

) x ? ’ eath,

and confluent with the short obconic stem ; asci slender;

sporidia (?).
Peziza sclerotioides—Berk. in “Eng. Fung.,” v. p.

MOLLISIA. 171

208. Helotiwm sclerotioides—-Berk., “Outl.,” 871; Cooke,
“ Handbk.,” 2128.

On decayed wood.

At first sight resembling Sclerotiwm . quercigenwm ;
about 1 line broad (M. J. Berkeley).

The only specimen under this name I have seen is in
the Kew Herbarium, and it has no fruit.

Appin (Carmichael). Near Bristol (Mr. A. Leipner).

Genus VII.—Mottisi4. Fries.

Minute, sessile, urceolate, cupulate or plane; sub-
stance soft, rarely waxy; exterior glabrous or furfura-
ceous, even or plicate; sporidia 8, minute, globose, elliptic,
fusiform or filiform, hyaline, simple or I-septate. (Plate
VI. figs, 32-36.) .

Growing on vegetable substances.

For the most part darker in colour and softer than
Helotium ; the minute pore by which the cup opens
visible from the first. Never hairy or even tomentose.

Name—Mollis, soft.

ARRANGEMENT OF SUBGENERA.
I. Niptera ie oe os . 2 «» I-11

Il. Pyrenopeziza 4 2 at o ». 12-32
III. Dilutelia of . ee 33-37
IV. Mollisiella . ons 38-46

V. Hysteropeziza * ae ei . 47
VI. Pseudopeziza Be af a «. 48-51

VII. Peristomealis “3 ae os . - 52

Key to True SUBGENERA,

Margin furnished with a peristome .. . -. Peristomealis.
Margin not furnished with a peristome .. 1
Emerging when moist through a narrow black

slit .. Hysteropeziza,
1. {Emerging when moist through the epidermis by a
lacerated aperture (resembling slneieiay .. Pseudopeziza.
(Seated on the epidermis .. oe ae
Texture rather firm; cups plane .. -- Niptera.
Texture soft ; cups globose (mostly black)... .. Pyrenopeziza,
Texture soft, "scarcely igi at length expanded 3

5. Glabrous i: ats Ee a .. Dilutella,
Minutely granulated . oe es ee ee «. Modllisiella.

172 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Suscenus I—Niprera. Fckl. (in part).

Cup sessile, concave or plane, soft or waxy, glabrous
or granulose ; sporidia ovate or fusiform, simple, some-
times l-septate- (Plate VI. fig. 32.)

Name—Niptrum, a basin; from the shape.

ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES.

A. Sporidia ovate, apiculate .. us .. species 1
8B. Sporidia oblong-elliptic .. ee ave are
o. Sporidia fusiform or oblong-fusiform .. »
(a) On wood es oe si is » 3-5
(b) On fir-cones .. .e oe ee » 6
(c) On herbaceous stems ae at » 7-10
(d) On culms of Arundo es ay » Il
Key To THE SPECIES.
Hymenium yellow .. ie oe a eo I
Hymenium grey oe o. oe oe «ee
Hymenium pallid... ae ee ee 2. 8
1 Externally ochery-yellow .. oe on .» Teuerti.
Externally umber-brown . an es ++ discolor.
Externally watery cinereous .. oe se .. Ddenesueda.
Externally greenish-brown .. o we +. aquosa,
Externally cinereous or livid; margin paler than
2.4 diso .. oe an a ea we .. cinerea.”
Externally rufous; margin fimbriate as .. urticicola.
Externally brownish-black .. a be «» fallax.
(Externally black a oe es a a 64
3 Exterior pallid: on Arundo .. ae ne +. arundinacea.
"Exterior pallid: on Peltigera canina oo «» epithallina.
ees fimbriate oe a oe ve +. cyanites,
* \Margin entire on oe os on +. atro-cinerea,

A. SPORIDIA OVATE, APICULATE.

1. Mollisia aquosa. (B. and Br.)

Cup at first closed, then expanded, plane, or slightly
concave, greenish-brown, smooth; hymenium watery
grey; sporidia biseriate, ovate, apiculate, 5—6 x 2:5—

fd.
Peziza (Mollisia) aquosa—B. and Br. in “ Ann, Nat.
Hist.,” No. 1826, t. xx. f. 19; “Grevillea,” i. p. 130.
On or with Spheria hirsuta, on willow. J: anuary.
Resembling P. cinerea, but smoother and more con-

MOLLISIA. 173

cave when young, with totally different spores. Cup
*024 inch diameter, growing on Spheria hirsuta, and its
mycelium, accompanied by a brown mould, consisting of
erect, simple, articulated threads, surmounted by a single
oblong uniseptate spore, 0005 inch (12) long; asci
002 inch (50); sporidia ‘0002 to 00025 inch (5 to 6)
long, 0001 to 00015 inch (2'5 to 3'5u) wide; bright orange
when treated with iodine (B. and Br.).
Name—A qua, water ; watery.

B. SPORIDIA OBLONG-ELLIPTIC.

2. Mollisia epithallina. Phil. and Plow.

Congregated, sessile, disciform, immarginate, pallid-
white; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, oblong-
elliptic, 8 X 2u; paraphyses slender, slightly thickened
upwards.

Peziza (Mollisia) epithallina—Phil. and Plow. in
“ Grevillea,” vi. p. 24,

On thallus of Peltigera canina.

Namé—émi, upon, Saddoe, a branch or thallus of a
lichen ; from its habitat.

King’s Lynn ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright).

C. SPORIDIA FUSIFORM OR OBLONG-FUSIFORM,

(d) On wood.

3. Mollisia cinerea. (Batsch.)

Cups gregarious or scattered, at first urceolate, at
length applanate, cinereous or nearly livid; margin entire,
whitish, not unfrequently repand or flexuose; hymenium
when dry cinereous, yellowish, or becoming blackish ;
asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong or subfusiform,
straight or curved, 5—12 x 1—2u; paraphyses filiform,
slender.

Peziza cinerea—Batsch, p. 196, f. 187; Pers., “ Obs.,”
ii. p. 80; “ Myco. Eur.,” i. p. 302; Wahl., “Flo. Suee.,” ii.

174 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

p. 1080; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 142; Sow., t. 64;
With., v. p. 812; “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 205; Karst., “Pez. et
Ascob.,” p. 37; “Mon. Pez.,” p. 158; Nyl., “Fung. Fenn.,”
p. 60; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2100, Peziza callosa—
Bull, t. 416, f. 1; “Flo. Dan.,” t. 1490, f 2. Peziza
salicaria—Pers., “Myco. Eur.,” i. p. 308. Trochila
salicaria—De Not., “Disc.,” p. 15. Mollisia cinerea—
Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 189; Gill. “Champ.,” p. 134
Niptera cinerea—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 292.

Exs.—Desm., “ Crypt. Fr.,” ed. i, No. 1421, ed. ii.
No. 921; Karst. “Fung. Fenn.,” No. 735; Cooke, “ Fung.
Brit.,” No. 890, ed. ii. 882; Phil. “ Elv. Brit.” No. 125;
Rabh., “Fung. Eur.” No. 2116 and 1643; Roumg.,
“ Fung. Gal.,” 831.

On decaying wood. Autumn to spring.

Cup 4 to 2 line broad. “Often crowded, equal or
lobed, and waved at the margin; hymenium pale or
grey, watery, paler towards the circumference; substance
soft and sometimes almost gelatinous” (Grev.). This
should be compared with Lachnella Schumacheri.

Name—Cinis, ashes ; ash-colour.

Found everywhere.

4, Mollisia benesuada. (Tul.)

Gregarious or fasciculate erumpent, sessile, at first
subhemispherical, then expanded, becoming convex,
difformed, waxy; externally glabrous, watery cinereous ;
hymenium pallid or brownish; asci cylindraceo-clavate ;
sporidia fusiform or oblong-fusiform, hyaline, 10 X 2:5u.

Peziza benesuada—Tul., “Ann, Se. Nat.,” 1853,
t. 15, f. 8, 9.

Exs.—Phil., “Elv. Brit..” No. 175; Rehm, “ Asco.,”
756 ; Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” ed. ii. 653.

On dead branches of alder.

Cups about 4 a line broad. These burst out through
the bark in little heaps, much crowded and difformed.
The supposed spermatia are rarely to be met with. This
is very near M. cinerea and M. fallax.

Name—Bene, well, suadeo, to persuade; from afford-

MOLLISIA. 175

ing evidence of the author’s views on the question of
reproductive bodies.
Near Ludlow, Salop! Neatishead (Dr. M. C. Cooke).

5. Mollisia discolor. (Mont.)

Gregarious, suberumpent, sessile, waxy, plano-patel-
late, externally umber-brown; hymenium wax-yellow ;
asci clavate; sporidia 8, fusiform, hyaline, 4-guttulate,
8 X 2u.

Patellaria discolor—Mont., “Syl,” p. 190; Berk.,
“Outl.,” p. 373; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2169.

On dead wood; on branches of Cornus sanguinea
(Mont.).

Cup } to} aline; crowded or scattered ; when young
subhemispherical, at length expanded; dise bluish or
cinereous, or brownish ; the pseudo-parenchyma consists
of brown subglobose cells,

Name—Discolor, of various colours,

Var. Riccia (Sace.).

Niptera Riccia—Sace., “Myco. Ven. Sp.,” p. 162,
t. xvi. f. 3-6.

Exs.—Sace., “ Fung. Ven.,” iv. 33.

Differing in its mode of growth, having lobed margin.

Gopsall! (Bloxam). Sutton Coldfield! (W. B. Grove).

(b) On fir-cones.
6. Mollisia fallax. (Desm.)

Cups scattered or crowded, at first hemispherical, at
length applanate, brownish-black; margin entire, sub-
involute, paler; hymenium cinereous or discoloured
brown; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong or
fusiform, straight, at length uniseptate, 10 xX 2u; para-
physes scarce.

Peziza fallaxa—Desm. (non Pers., “Myco. Eur.”),
“Ann, Se. Nat”: 1845, p. 367. Mollisia fallaw—Gill.,
“ Champ.,” p. 119.

Exs.—Desm., “ Crypt. Fr.,” ed. i. No. 1420, ed. ii. No.
920; Roumg., “Fung. Gal.,” 1253.

176 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

On cones of Pinus sylvestris.

Cup $ to 4a line broad. This differs from P. cinerea
(Batsch) in the browner shade, and always occurring on
cones.

Name—Fallaz, deceitful; from its resemblance to
others.

Generally distributed.

(e) On herbaceous stems.
7. Mollisia cyanites (nov. sp.). Cooke and Phil.

Gregarious, minute, sessile, concave, then plane,
black; margin fimbriate; hymenium bluish grey; asci
clavate ; sporidia 8, cylindraceo-fusiform, elongated, 5 to
7-guttulate, 25 X 3u; paraphyses filiform, slender.

On herbaceous stems.

Cup $ to } of a line broad.

Name—xéavoe, dark blue.

Scotland (?); Klotzsch in Kew Herbarium. !

8. Mollisia atro-cinerea. (Cooke.)

Gregarious or scattered, sessile, slightly concave or
plane; externally black, glabrous; hymenium cinereous;
asci clavate; sporidia 8, fusiform or cylindrical, straight
or curved, 5—7 x Iu; paraphyses not seen.

Peziza atro-cinerea—Cooke in Exs. “ Fung. Brit.,” No.
382.

On herbaceous stems (?).

Cups } to 1 of a line broad.

Name—Ater, black, cinis, ashes; from the black
exterior and the ashy disc.

9. Mollisia Teucrit. (Fckl.)

Gregarious, sessile, watery transparent, very pale
yellowish-white, somewhat ochery-yellow, at first nearly
closed, excavated, becoming plane, orbicular, marginate,
outside the margin scarcely pubescent; hymenium same
colour, when dry becoming yellow; asci cylindrical,
globose-stipitate ; sporidia 8, cylindrical or fusiform,
8 X lu; paraphyses filiform,

ed

MOLLISIA. 177

Niptera Teucrii—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,” supp. i
p. 4:7.

Exs.—FckL, “F. Rh.,” 2378; Phil. “Elv. Brit.,” No,
181.

On dead stems of Tewcriwm scorodonia, in damp
places.

Cups 500u broad, often crowded, when dry nearly
black ; asci with a subglobose base.

Name—Teucriwm, a genus of Labiacee,

Trefrew, North Wales!

10. Mollisia urticicola. Phil.

Gregarious, sessile, subhemispherical, becoming nearly
plane, externally glabrous, pale rufous-brown ; margin
fimbriate ; hymenium from pale cinereous to pale brown;
asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, fusiform or cylin-
drical, 7 X lu; paraphyses filiform, slender.

Peziza wrticicola—Phil, “ Elv. Brit.,” No. 177.

On dead stems of Urtica, lying in a damp place
occasionally inundated.

Cups about 500u broad.

Name—Urtica, the nettle, colo, to inhabit.

Shelton Rough, near Shrewsbury !

(d) On culms of Arundo,
ll. Mollisia arundinacea. (D. C.)

Gregarious, erumpent, sessile, plane, orbicular, thin,
waxy; hymenium pallid, becoming fuliginous; margin
narrow, darker; asci cylindraceo-clavate: sporidia
narrowly fusiform, 10—15 x 2u.

Xyloma arundinacewm—D. C., “Flo. Fr.,” vi. p. 162 ;
Eustegia arundinacea—Fries, “Sys. Myco.” ; “Elench.,” p.
112; “Grevillea,” iv. p. 67. Stegia arundinacea—F ck,
“Symb. Myco.,” supp. i. p. 328.

Exs.—Moug. and Nest, No. 983; Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,”
11, No. 380.

On culms of Arundo Phragmites.

About 4 of a line broad; usually seated on a blackish

N

178 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

or brownish space. When old the hymenium separates
from the excipulum in the manner of an operculum,
which led the illustrious Fries to place it in his genus
Eustegia.
Name—Arundinaceus, belonging to a reed.
Shrewsbury !

Supcenus II.—Pyrenopeziza. Fckl. (in part).

Cup erumpent or superficial, globose, then expanded’
opening at first by a minute pore; glabrous or fur-
furaceous, often vertically plicate, black, cinereous, or
dark brown (except elajhines) ; sporidia elliptic, fusiform
or filiform, simple, rarely uniseptate, hyaline. (Plate VI.
fig. 33.

‘ N eo a kernel, and peziza ; from the globose
form.

ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES.
a. Cups superficial.

(a) Sporidia elliptic or oblong +. species 12

(b) Sporidia subfusiform bs Fy » 18-19

(c) Sporidia filiform .. es nO » 20-21
B. Cups erumpent.

(a) Sporidia elliptic or oblong .. as » 22-24

(b) Sporidia fusiform or elongate-fusiform ,, 25-27

(c) Sporidia cylindrical or acicular .. » 28-82

Key To THE Spectss.
Hymenium fuscous-black : on wood. . a +. foeeunda,
Hymenium fuliginous: on Typha .. oe +. Typhe.
Hymenium brown é se a 1

Hymenium cinereous .. 2 a as « 2
Hymenium whitish or watery-grey .. <2 rae
Hymenium pallid... si is a .. Lignicola.
(Externally brown, scabrous: on Arctium .. .. Aretii.
Externally brownish ; margin striate: on Juncus .. mécrometra.
1 Externally umber-brown, rugulose; margin tim-
’)_ briate: on grass. Me oe ae +s graminis,
Externally pale umber-brown, farinoso-tomentose :
\_ on Umbellifere a a Sey oes ++ Grevellet.
Externally black, rugose ; margin crenulate, paler:
growing in lines on Plantago on is +. nervisequia.
Externally blackish, mealy; margin entire: on
2.4 Pluntago .. an v8 sis a -. Plantaginis.
Externally black, scabrous, rugose; margin con-
tracted jugosa.

Externally blackish, squamulose : on Digitalis or Digitalina.

MOLLISIA. 179

(Externally fawn-colour, apne with neorlanine

granules : on wood .. .. elaphines.
Externally black, rugose; margin whitieh. . .. atrata.
Externally black, rugose ; margin erect : on Lychnis sphzroides.
Externally black, rugose: on Carex.. melatephra.
Externally umber-brown, elehroms taargin entire

3.4 white paulula.

Externally tawny, glabrous ; ‘margin ‘tumid | +. arenevaga.
Externally cinereous, granulated margin denticu-

late: on leaves oe .» viburnicola.
Externally cinereous; margin entire, ‘paler. . «. ebuli.
Externally brownish black : on Artemisia . .. artemisiz.
Externally whitish or Ereyialt brown ; + margin entire,
\ sinuous oe . ” palustris,

A. SUPERFICIAL
(a) Sporidia elliptic or oblong.
12. Mollisia nervisequia. (Pers.)

Sessile, seriate, at first nearly glohose, then expanded,
perpendicularly rugose, blackish grey; margin crenulate,
paler; hymenium concave, cinereous or black; asci
clavate; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic or oblong, 13 x 3;
paraphyses filiform, slender. (Plate VI. fig. 33.)

Peziza nervisequia—Pers, “ Myco. Eur.,” 308 ; Fries,
“Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 193; B. and Br. “ ‘Ann. Nat. ’ Hist., ”
No. 1171; Cooke, “ dandbk,,” No. 2121.

Exs.—Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” 2012 ; Roumg,, “ Stirpes,”
331.

On dead leaves of Plantago lanceolata ; chiefly on the
nerves of the leaves. Winter.

This very much resembles M. plantaginis, but the asci
and sporidia are much larger, besides the habit of growth
on the nerves.

Name—WNervus, a nerve, and sequor, to follow.

Batheaston (Mr. C. E. Broome).

(b) Sporidia subfusiform.

18. Mollisia elaphines. (B. and Br.)

Gregarious, subglobose, sessile, pale fawn-colour;
mouth paler, white, sprinkled with saccharine granules ;
hymenium watery-grey; asci clavate or clavate fusi-

180 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

form; sporidia 8, fusiform, 8 x 2u; paraphyses filiform,
slender. nus

Peziza elaphines—B, and Br., “ Ann. Nat. Hist, No.
1325, t. xix. f. 18; Grevillea, ii p. 180. Mollisia
elaphines—Gill, “Champ.,” p. 131.

Exs.—Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.” No. 659; Rabh., “ Fung.
Eur.,” 1813.

On dead wood. January. :

Cup 300u broad. “Granules often disposed in lines
so that the cups are radiated ” (B. and Br.).

Name— édadivne, a fawn; fawn-coloured.

St. Catherine’s ; Copthorn, near Shrewsbury !

14, Mollisia lignicola (nov. sp.).

Gregarious or scattered, sessile, at first globose, at
length somewhat expanded; externally scabrous and
vertically rugose, brown or blackish-brown, when dry
black ; margin subfimbriate from the slightly unequally
elongated cells; hymenium pallid; asci evlindraceo-
clavate ; sporidia 8, cylindrical or fusiform, obtuse, straight
or curved, 5—8 x 1:5—2u; paraphyses indistinct.

Mollisia ignicola—Phillips in “Grevillea,” v. xv.
p. 113.

On old worked wood (on an old gate).

Cup 4 to 4 a line broad; when dry collapsed, but
not plane, even when moist; asci 35 x 4u; sporidia
biseriate. The marginal cells have the form of short,
septate, blunt hairs when highly magnified.

Bagley Wood, Berkshire, 1821! (Mr. Baxter in Kew
Herb.).

15. Mollisia Grevillei. (Berk.)

Cups scattered or gregarious, sessile or subsessile, at
first globose, then hemispherical, pale umber, farinoso-
tomentose ; margin paler and fimbriate; hymenium the
same colour ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong-
fusiform, straight or curved, 3-guttulate, 6—8 x Qu;
paraphyses filiform, slender.

Peziza Grevillei—Berk., « Eng. Flo,” v. p 198;

MOLLISIA, 181

Cooke, “ Handbk.,” 2056. Peziza nidulus—Grev., “Flo.
Edin.,” p. 420; Johnst., “Flo. Berw.,” ii. p. 149.

On dead stems of Umbellifere.

Cups very minute, generally sessile, but sometimes
subsessile; nearly the same colour throughout, and so
nearly the shade of the dead stem on which they grow
as to be hardly distinguishable. The dry specimens
show no hairs, but are fimbriate on the margin, owing to
the unequal length of the hair-like cells which adhere
together.

Name—After Dr. Greville.

Near Edinburgh! (Dr. Greville). Near Berwick, on
the cow-parsnip (Johnst., “Flo. Berw.,” J. ¢.).

16. Mollisia atrata. (Pers.)

Gregarious, prominent, at first nearly spherical and
concave, then plane, cinereous or fuscescent, perpen-
dicularly rugose; margin whitish; hymenium at first
whitish, becoming cinereous; asci fusiform-clavate or
cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, fusiform, 8—10 x ly;
paraphyses filiform, slender.

Peziza atrata—Pers., “Syn. Fung.,” p. 669; “Myco.
Eur.,” i. p. 806; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 148; “Eng.
Flo.” v. p. 207; Berk., “ Outl.,” p. 371; Karst., “ Pez. et
Ascob.,” p. 40; “Mon. Pez,” p. 159; Cooke, “ Handbk.,”
2112; Pat. p. 38, f. 92. Peziza atratula—Nyl, “ Pez.
Fenn.,” p. 61. Mollisia atrata—Gill., “Champ.,” p. 127.

Exs—Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” ed. i. 604, ed. ii. 128;
Karst., “ Fung, Fenn.,” 822; Fckl., 1869; Roumg., “ Fung. .
Gal.,” 450.

On dead herbaceous stems. Autumn.

It is to my mind very doubtful whether the plant
generally accepted by authors, and described above, is the
true plant of Persoon. That his plant grew on trunks
he distinctly states, while most authors of to-day accept
one or other: of several closely allied plants that grow on
herbaceous stems and leaves. It would only tend to con-
fusion, however, to disturb this state of things; we have,
therefore, followed Dr. Karsten’s view of the species,

182 TRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Name—Ater, black.
Shrewsbury ! Hereford! Trefriw, North Wales!

Form Asparagi. (Winter.)

Scattered or crowded, globose or hemispherical, nigri-
cant, scabrous; margin whitish, connivent; ascl cylin-
draceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong-fusiform ; 8—10 x 1p;
paraphyses filiform, slender. .

Peziza atrata, form Asparagi—Winter in Rabh.,
“Fung. Eur.,” No. 1908.

Exs.—Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,” l. ¢.

On dead stems of asparagus. Autumn.

Name—Asparagus, the well-known herb.

King’s Lynn! (Mr. C. B. Plowright).

Form Enanthes. Phil.

Gregarious, at first globose, then hemispherical, gla-
brous, even, cinereous or nigricant; margin paler; asci
fusiform or clavate-fusiform ; sporidia oblong-fusiform,
8 x lu; paraphyses scarce.

Peziza atrata, form Ginanthes, in “ Elv. Brit.”

Exs.—Phil., “Elv. Brit.,” No. 179.

On,dead stems of Ginanthe crocata. Autumn

Cup about ‘3 mm. broad.

Name—@nanthe, a genus of Umbellifere.

Shelton Rough, near Shrewsbury !

Form wlmarie. (Lasch.)

Gregarious, minute, at first globose, nigricant, per-
pendicularly: rugose, afterwards expanded, brownish-
black; margin whitish, connivent; hymenium concave,
cinereous; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, cylin-
draceo-fusiform, 5—8 x 15u; paraphyses filiform, scarce.

Peziza ulmorie—Lasch in Klotzsch, “H. M.,” 1723;
“Flora,” 1853, p. 201; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2109.

Exs.—Lasch in Klotzsch, “H. M.,” 1728; Cooke,
“Fung. Brit.,” 399; Phil., “Elv. Brit.,” 74.

On dead stems of Spirwa wlmaria, in damp places.
Autumn,

MOLLISIA. 183

Very minute, gregarious, black with a whitish con-
nivent mouth, globose at first, afterwards cup-shaped ;
asci 30 X 3u.

Name—The specific name of Spiraea ulmaria.

Wear Coppice, near Shrewsbury! Forres, N.B.! (Rev
Dr. Keith).

Form Mercwrialis. (Fckl.)

Sessile, at first closed and globose, then open, nearly
plane, externally black, squamulose; margin connivent,
whitish, fimbriate; hymenium cinereous; asci cylin-
draceo-clavate; sporidia 8, fusiform or subcylindrical,
7—9 x 154; paraphyses filiform, slender.

Niptera Mercurialis—Fckl.,, “Symb. Myco.,” p. 293.
Peziza Mercwrialis—* Grevillea,” vi. p. 24.

Exs.—Fck1., “ F. Rh.,” 1593; Phil. “ Elv. Brit.,” 180.

On dead stems of Mercurialis perennis. Autumn.

Externally resembling M. atrata.

Name—WMercurialis, a genus of Huphorbiacee.

Trefriw, North Wales!

17. Mollisia Arctvi. Phil.

Scattered, sessile, at first subglobose, then expanded,
scabrous, darkish brown; margin paler, serrated, erect
or sub-involute; hymenium when moist pale watery-
brown ; asci broadly clavate ; sporidia 8, linear-lanceolate,
biseptate, 30—45 x 54; paraphyses linear, stout.

Peziza Arctii—Phil. in Bucknall’s “Fung. Bristol,”
No. 999, fig. 5.

On dead stems of Arctium Lappa.

Cup about 500 broad.

Name—Arctium, a genus of Composite.

Blaize Castle Wood and Leigh Woods, near Bristol !
(Mr. C. Bucknall).

18, Mollisia Plantagimis. (Fckl.)

Sessile, gregarious, minute, punctiform, at first closed,
globose, at length open, clad with a blackish meal;
margin involute; hymenium concave, cinereous or pallid-

184 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

brown; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, biseriate,
fusiform, 2-guttulate, 10—15 x 2—8u; paraphyses fili-
form, slender. .

Pyrenopeziza Plantaginis—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,’ p.
295. Peziza Plantaginis— Grevillea,” i. p.181. Pezrza
atrata, form foliicola—Desm., “ Crypt. Fr.,” No. 1313.

Exs.—Desm., “Crypt. Fr.” 1313; Fekl, “ F. Rh.,
1594; Cooke, “Fung. Brit.” No. 658, ed. ii, No. 386;
Phil, “ Elv. Brit.,” 37.

On dead leaves of Plantago lanceolata. Autumn. —

Externally like P. atrata, but asci and sporidia
larger. 5

Name—Plantago, a genus of Plantaginacee.

King’s Lynn! (Mr. é B. Plowright).

19. Mollisia jugosa, Phil. and Plow.

Crowded, globose, sessile, vertically rugose, scabrous,
black, mouth contracted; hymenium cinereous ; asci
clavate; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic or fusiform, 3 to
5-guttulate, becoming 3 to 5-pseudo-septate, 14—18 x 3—
5u; paraphyses numerous, adherent.

Peziza (Mollisia) jugosa—Phil. and Plow. in “Gre-
villea,” xiii. p. 74.

On dead herbaceous stems.

Cup 200u broad. This is in external characters like
P. atrata.

Name—Jugosus, ridged.

King’s Lynn! (Mr. C. B. Plowright).

(ce) Sporidia filiform.
20. Mollisia micrometra. (B. and Br.)

Cup very minute, subturbinate, brownish, mouth
somewhat contracted, finely striate, attached by strong
villous hairs; asci clavate; sporidia 8, filiform.

Peziza micrometra—B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,”
No. 773; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2115.

On dead stems of Juncus.

MOLLISIA. 185

Extremely minute, punctiform, horn-brown; hyme-
nium plane (B. and Br., l. ¢.).

Cup not more than 100 broad. The sporidia refuse
to quit the asci in the specimen examined, hence the
measurement cannot be safely given.

Name—jxpdc, small, yhrpa, the womb; from the
minute interior.

Twycross! (Rev. A. Bloxam).

21. Mollisia viburnicola. B. and Br.

Minute, punctiform, subglobose, then hemispherical,
cinereous, externally granulated; margin denticulate,
furfuraceous; hymenium paler; asci clavate; sporidia 8,
filiform, 10—12 x Iu; paraphyses filiform.

Peziza viburnicola—B. and Br. in “ Ann, Nat. Hist.,”
No. 1170; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2120.

Exs.—Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” 656, ed. ii. No. 385; Phil,
“Ely. Brit.” No. 85; Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,” 1818.

On either side of dead leaves of Veburnum.

Cup about 300 to 500u broad, “externally speckled
with little dark tufts of cells, which sometimes give out
a few short flexuous hairs” (B. and Br.). The sporidia
are linear-oblong, straight, or a little bent.

Name—Viburnwm, name of the shrub on which it
grows, colo, to inhabit.

Shere, Surrey ! (Dr. Capron).

B. ERUMPENT.
(a) Sporidia elliptic or oblong.
22. Mollisia graminis. (Desm.)

Gregarious or scattered, erumpent, hemispherical,
rugulose, umber or cinereous-umber; hymenium pale
umber or pallid-grey; margin fimbriate, villose-white ;
asci clavate or cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, oblong-
elliptic, 15 x 2°54; paraphyses filiform, stout.

Peziza graminis—Desm., “Crypt. Fr,” ed. i. No. 1066 ;
Karst., “Mon. Pez,” p. 160 (?). Mollisia graminis—
Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 195; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 122.

186 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

-Exs.—Desm., “ Crypt. Fr,,” ed. i. 1066, and ed. ii, 466;
- Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” 831 (?); Rehm, “Asco.,” 253;
Thum., “ Mycoth. Univ.,” 216; Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” 1623.

On dead Triticum sylvaticwm, ete.

A minute species; when dry concealed under the
epidermis, issuing when moist through a narrow slit,
assuming an elliptic or circular form. The sporidia in
Karsten’s species differ in outline from those in my plant,
and may be different.

Name—Gramen, grass; growing on grass.

Shrewsbury !

23. Mollisia arenevaga. (Desm.)

Erumpent, minute, scattered, soft waxy, glabrous,
when young globose, then plane; externally tawny, with
a somewhat tumid tawny elevated margin, which is black
when dry; hymenium watery whitish, becoming brown
when dry ; asci clavate, subcylindrical ; sporidia 8, oblong-
elliptic, hyaline, obtuse at the ends, 15 x 54; paraphyses
filiform.

Peziza arenevaga—Desm., “Ann. Se. Nat.,” 1852;
“Grevillea,” iv. p. 122. Helotiwm arenevaga—Gill.,
“Champ.,” p. 160.

Exs.—Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” ii. 517; Phil. “ Elv. Brit.,”
No. 84.

On dead culms and leaves of Psamma arenaria.
Name—Arena, sand, vagus, wandering ;° in sandy
places.

Towyn, North Wales! Scotland! (F. Currey, Esq.).

24, Mollisia paulula. (Rob.)

Erumpent, very minute, scattered or gregarious, sessile,
soft waxy, glabrous, subglobose, externally between
umber-brown and olivaceous; internally pallid-white ;
mouth connivent, white, entire; asci broadly clavate ;
sporidia 8, elliptic, 2-guttulate, 12 x 44; paraphyses fili-
form, stout.

Peziza paulula—Rob. in Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” ed. i.
No. 2010; “Ann. Se. Nat.,” 1851, p. 324, B. and Br.;

MOLLISIA. 187

“Ann. Nat. Hist.” No. 960; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No.
2116.

Exs.—Desm,, “Crypt. Fr.,” ed. i. No. 2010, and ed. ii.
No. 1610; Klotzsch, 823.

On dead culms of Juncus maritimus. Autumn.

Extremely minute.

Name—Paululus, very small.

Isle of Wight! (Rev. A. Bloxam).

(b) Sporidia fusiform or elongate-fusiform.
(a) On herbaceous stems.

25. Mollisia ebult. (Fries.)

Cup erumpent, gregarious, at first nearly spherical,
then urceolate, at length expanded, when dry globose,
depressed, cinereous-nigricant; margin paler, when dry’
nigricant ; hymenium cinereous-pallid ; asci cylindraceo-
clavate, attenuated at the apices; sporidia acicular or
elongate-fusiform, guttulate, 6—12 x 1-5u.

Peziza atrata, var. 3. ebuli—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii.
p. 148. Peziza ebuli—Karst., “Mon. Pez,” p. 160.
Peziza depressula—Ny]l., “ Pez. Fenn.,” p. 62 (2).

Exs.—Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” ed. i. 454; Cooke, “Fung.
Brit.,” ed. ii. No. 376.

On stems of Hpilobium.

Name—Lbulus, specific name of Sambucus ebulus.

Forden, North Wales! (Rev. J. E. Vize).

26. Mollisia spherioides. (Desm.)

Scattered, erumpent, at first globose, blackish, rugose,
then expanded ; margin erect ; hymenium concave, watery
cinereous, becoming black on drying; asci cylindraceo-
fusiform; sporidia 8, slenderly fusiform, straight or
eurved, 10O—15 x 1—l‘5pu.

Peziza spherioides—Desm., “ Crypt. Fr.,” No. 174; B.
and Br, “Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 577; Cooke, “ Handbk.,”
No. 2105. ‘Mollisia spherioides—Gill., “Champ.,” p. 129.

Exs.—Desm., “Crypt. Fr,” No. 174; Cooke, “ Fung
Brit.,” No. 577; Phil. “ Elv. Brit.” No. 34.

188 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

On dead stems of Lychnis dioica. Autumn. :

Minute, scattered, generally seated on a cinereous
stain on the stem.

The Peziza spherioides (Roth., “Ust. Ann.,” i. p. 2,
t. i £ 6) is Tympanis conspersa probably. Persoon cites
this, and his is probably the same. The specimens
published by Desmazieres are the earliest authority for
the present species, which Fries thinks may be his
Excipula levigata. Nees, fig. 281, cannot belong to this,
but perhaps to Tympanis. The present species is a close
ally of Peziza atrata (M. C. C. in litt.).

Name—cdaipa, sphere, e7doc, a resemblance.

King’s Lynn! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Shrewsbury!

27. Mollisia Typhe. (Cooke.)

Gregarious or scattered, minute, erumpent, sessile,
black, soft or waxy, soon plane, laterally compressed
when dry; hymenium fuliginous, black when dry,
minutely papillate, even; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8,
fusiform, hyaline, simple, 12—14 x 2°5—3y.

Peziza (Mollisia) Typhe—Cooke in “ Grevillea,” vol. i,
p. 131. .

Exs.—Cooke, “Fung. Brit.” ed. i, 570, ed. ii. 388;
Phil., “Elv. Brit.,” 127.

On leaves of Typha.

Externally like P. atrata, but sporidia much longer.

Name—Typha, the reed mace.

King’s Lynn! (Mr. C. B. Plowright).

(c) Sporidia cylindrical or acicular.
28. Mollisia artemisie. (Lasch.)

Erumpent, thin, almost stipitate, at first turbinate,
then flattened, somewhat rounded, naked, brownish
black ; hymenium whitish ; margin incurved ; asci cylin-
drical; sporidia 8, linear, minute, hyaline.

Pezxiza artemisie—Lasch. in Rabh., “Herb. Myco.,”
No. 335; “Grevillea,” i. p. 181.

Exs.—Rabh., “ Herb. Myco.,” No. 335. “™

On dead stems of Artemisia vulgaris. ~

MOLLISIA. 189

Name—Artemisia, the plant on which it grows,
Isle of Wight.

29. Mollisia melatephra. (Lasch.)

Gregarious or scattered, minute, erumpent, hemi-
spherical, then expanded, soft, rugulose, nearly black;
hymenium concave, pale cinereous, becoming black on
drying; asci clavate; sporidia 8, narrowly fusiform,
pseudo-uniseptate, 12 x lu; paraphyses filiform, slender.

Peziza melatephra—tLasch. in Rabh., “Herb. Myco.” ;
Karst., “Mon. Pez,” p. 164; Steven., “Myco. Scot.,”
p. 326; “Grevillea,” viii. p. 102. Mollisia melatephra—
(Lasch) Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 197; Gill. “Champ.,”
p. 130. Peziza conformis—Nyl, “Pez. Fenn.,” p. 63.

Exs.—Rabh., “Herb. Myco.,” No. 825.

On dead culms of Carez.

A minute species, erumpent, orbicular, blackish,
except the margin, which is paler. Karsten gives the
measurement of the sporidia as 12—20 x 2p.

Name—nénae, black, réppa, ashes ; from its colour.

Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith).

30. Mollisia fecunda. Phil.

Cup scattered, minute, at first covered by the
epidermis, then erumpent, concave, when moist fuliginous,
paler on the margin; hymenium fuscous-black; asci
broadly clavate; sporidia 8, fusiform, with 3 to 4 large
guttule, 25—30 x 4—5u; paraphyses filiform, enlarged
at the apices.

Peziza (Mollisia) foeecunda—Phil., “Grevillea,” viii.
p. 102; Steven., “ Myco. Scot.,” p. 326.

On dead stems of Cleocharis. Autumn.

Cup °5 mm. broad.

Name—Fecundus, fruitful; from its abundant spo-
ridia

Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith).

81. Mollisia palustris. (Rob.)

Cup scattered or gregarious, erumpent, at first
spherical, at length open, plane or almost convex, appla-

190 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

nate, whitish or afterwards greyish brown; hymenium
pallid-grey; margin sinuose, entire; asci eylindraceo-
clavate, narrowed at the apex; sporidia 8, fusiform or
elongated acicular, guttulate, straight, 6—10 x 1—2y;
paraphyses filiform, slender.

Peziza palustris—Rob. in Desm., “ Crypt. Fr.” ; Desm.,
“ Ann. Sc. Nat.,” 1847, p. 187; Karst., “Mon. Pez.,” p. 163.
Mollisia palustris—Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 195; Gill.,
“Champ.” p. 120.

Exs.—Desm., “ Crypt. Fr.,” ed. i. No. 1543.

On dead culms and leaves of Juncus. Autumn.

Allied to Peziza graminis and P. cinerea.

Name—Palus, a marsh; growing in a marsh.

Near Shrewsbury !

32. Mollisia Digitalina. Phil.

Scattered or crowded, globose, at length expanded,
externally black, squamulose, margin paler; hymenium
cinereous; asci clavate, somewhat pointed; sporidia 8,
cylindrical, straight or bent, 5—7 13; paraphyses
filiform.

Peziza atrata, var. Digitalina—Phil. “Elv. Brit.,”
No. 128.

On Digitalis purpurea.

Cup 300—800y across.

Name—Digitalis, the foxglove; from its habitat.

Shrewsbury !

Suscenvus III.—Dinoretua. Phil.

Sessile, hemispherical, becoming concave or plane,
soft, glabrous, pallid, white, or roseate; sporidia sub-
globose, oblong, or fusiform. Type, P. dilutella. (Plate
VI. fig. 34.)

Name—Dilutus, washed out; pale-coloured.

ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES.

A. Sporidia elliptic .. : +. species 33

B. Sporidia linear or subfusiform a ae » 984-37

MOLLISTA. 191

Key To Tap SPEcIEs.

Hymenium roseate : on pine leaves .. oe ». tnearnata.
Hymenium cinereous-white: on Epilobium and

Smyrnium .. a ats a v5 .. dilutella.
Hymenium whitish : on rabbit’s dung o. »» albula.
Hymenium white: on Lastrea oe oe -» — filicum.

Hymenium bright yellow: on Pteris oe «+ flaveola.

A. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC,

33. Mollisia filicum. Phil.

Gregarious, minute, at first globose, then cupulate, at
length expanded, white, glabrous; asci clavate-cylin-
drical; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic, straight or curved, 2
to 3-guttulate, becoming 1 to 2-pseudo-septate, 8—
12 x 34; paraphyses extremely slender.

Peziza (Mollisia) filiewm—Phil. “ Grevillea,” xiii. p.
74.

On dead stems of Lastrea Filix-mas.

Cup 100 to 300u broad.

This differs from Peziza Aspidiicola (B. and Br.) in
the perfectly glabrous exterior of the cup, and the much
larger and guttulate sporidia.

Name—/ilia, a fern.

Shobden, Herefordshire !

B. SPORIDIA LINEAR OR SUBFUSIFORM.

384, Mollisia incarnata. (Cooke.)

Scattered, minute, roseate, sessile, cups soon ex-
panded, nearly plane, externally paler; asci cylindrical ;
sporidia 8, linear, obtuse, hyaline, 10 x 1‘5u.

Peziza (Mollisia) incarnata—Cooke, “ Grevillea,” i.
p. 1381.

On pine-leaves.

Name—Cavro, carnis, flesh; flesh-coloured.

Scotland (A. Jerdon).

35. Mollisia dilutella. (Fries.)

Gregarious, sessile, waxy soft, glabrous, at first hemi-
spherical, then expanded, cinereous-white ; margin entire,

192 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

prominent, whitish; sporidia 8, fusiform, straight or
curved, 8—10 x 1—l-5u. (Plate VI. fig. 34.)

Peziza dilutella—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii, p. 147.
Helotiwm xeroplasticwm—Rehnm, “Asco.,” No. 565. Mol-
lisia dilutella—Gill, “Champ.,” p. 181.

Exs.—Rehnm, “ Asco.,” No. 565.

On dead stems of Epilobiwm hirsutum.

Cup about } to 4 a line broad.

Name—Dilutus, washed ; pale-coloured.

Haughmond Hill, near Shrewsbury !

Var. Smyrnii. Phil. and Plow.

Gregarious, sessile, hemispherical, then expanded,
fleshy, glabrous, pale argillaceous; margin minutely
fimbriate ; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, fusiform
or cylindraceo-fusiform, 3-guttulate, 10—13 x 3u; para-
physes filiform.

On dead stems of Smyrniwm.

Differing very little from P. dilutella.

Name—Smyrnium, a genus of Umbellifere.

King’s Lynn! (Mr. C. B. Plowright).

86. Mollisia albula. Phil.

Gregarious, minute, sessile, concave, becoming plane
or convex, glabrous, shining, soft, fleshy, whitish; asci
clavate; sporidia subcylindrical or fusiform, hyaline,
6—10 x 24; paraphyses filiform, slender.

On rabbit-dung.

Cup about 300 to 400u broad, fleshy. The pseudo-
parenchyma consists of elongated, cylindrical cells.

Name—Albulus, somewhat white.

Forres, N. B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith).

37. Mollisia flaveola. (Cooke.)

Sessile, minute, bright yellow, submembranaceous ;
soft, soon becoming discoid, smooth, even; asci cylin-
drical, sporidia subfusiform, straight or curved, 8 x 2u.

aoe (Mollisia) flaveola—Cooke in “ Grevillea,” i.
p. 181.

MOLLISIA. 193

Exs.—Cooke’s “ Fung, Brit.,” ed. ii. No. 550.
On fronds of Pteris aquilina. September.

Suspcenus IV.—Mo.tisietta, Phil.

Sessile, hemispherical, then plane, soft, minutely fur-
furaceous or pulverulent, light-coloured (except hyd-
nicola) ; sporidia globose, sub-elliptic or filiform, (Plate
VI. fig. 35.)

ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES.

A. Sporidia globose or-subglobose .. +» species 38, 39
B. Sporidia sub-elliptic os aa ee » 40
c. Sporidia oblong-obtuse .. 5 4° 4

. Sporidia oblong-fusiform or fusiform : : » 42-45
. Sporidia linear .. ae es ai » 46

oa)

Kry To THE SpPEcIEs.

Hymenium dark green a an a ». hydnicola,
Hymenium white a a oe a eee
Hymenium pallid: on pine-leaves .. . +. pineti.
Hymenium brown... oe as on oe :
Hymenium yellowish .. e ee ae . 8

On wood ae os a os oe «» Bullit.

1. {os fern (Pteris) a ae a ee ».« versicolor.
On herbaceous stems .. as ee oe +. effugiens.
Exterior dirty white .. ss a os .» tieincola.

a {Trterion rufous-brown i io as .» lurida.
Exterior pale yellow; hymenium pinkish-yellow .. straminum.
‘ (italorboues ee ured; hymenium greenish-yellow Mali.

A, SPORIDIA GLOBOSE OR SUBGLOBOSE,
38. Mollisia wlicincola. (B. and Br.)

Crowded or scattered, hemispherical, then expanded ;
externally dirty white, furfuraceous ; hymenium concave,
pale brown or purple, or rosy cinereous; margin erect or
incurved ; asci clavate; sporidia 8, globose, with a large
globose gutta, 54; asci filiform, enlarged towards the
summit.

Peziza ilicincola—B. and Br., “ Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No.
958, t. 16, f. 17; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2064.

On holly branches, more especially on the surface of
the lichen Myriangium, which grows on holly. Winter.

Name—lIlez, holly, colo, to inhabit. :

194 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Chiselhurst! (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Forres, N. B.!
(Rev. Dr. Keith).

89. Mollisia hydnicola. (B. and Br.)

Cups orbicular, then irregular, plane, dark green ;
asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, subglobose, uniseriate ;
10 x 7'5u; paraphyses filiform, branched.

Peziza hydnicola—B. and Br., “ Ann, Nat. Hist.,” No.
1327, t. xx. f. 20; “ Grevillea,” i. p. 181.

On Hydnum ochracewm.

Conidia were observed in this species, 2°5 x 3:5.

Name—Hydnum, a genus of fungi, colo, to inhabit.

B. SPORIDIA SUB-ELLIPTIC.

40. Mollisia Bullit. (Wor. Smith.)

Cups hemispherical, at length irregular, sessile or
very shortly stipitate, whitish; margin inflexed, rather
pulverulent from the remains of the veil; hymenium
often proliferous ; mycelium brownish; asci subclavate ;
sporidia sub-elliptic, minute, 5—76u long. (Plate VI.
fig. 35.)

Peziza, BulltiwW.G. Smith, Gard. Chron. (1878),
with figure ; B. and Br.,“ Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 1824, t. 19,
£17; “Grevillea,” i. p. 120, t. viii. f. 3, vol. ii. p. 162.

On wooden cistern, December (W. G. Smith),

Name—After Dr. H. G. Bull.

C. SPORIDIA OBLONG-OBTUSE.,

41. Mollisia Mali. (Rehm.)

Gregarious, small, at first globose, then urceolate,
finally more or less expanded, pale honey-colour, pruinose ;
margin when dry involute, paler, scabrous ; hymenium
greenish yellow; asci clavate; sporidia oblong, obtuse
hyaline, 9 x 384; paraphyses filiform.

Pezzella Mali—Rehm, “ Asco.,’ No. 460. Peziza
(Mollisia) Mali—Phil. and Plow., “ Grevillea,” xiii. p. 74

On dead holly hark. ,

MOLLISIA, 195

Name—Malus, the specific name of Pyrus malus,
the crab.
Near Shrewsbury !

D. .SPORIDIA OBLONG-FUSIFORM OR FUSIFORM,

42, Mollisia versicolor. (Desm.)

Very minute, sessile, white-hyaline, fragile, glabrous,
at first globose, then turbinato-concave, slightly furfu-
raceous externally ; margin subdenticulate; asci clavate
sporidia 8, oblong-fusiform, biseriate, 1O—15 x 3u.

Peziza versicolor—Desm., “ Ann. Se. Nat.,” 1853, vol.
xx. p. 230; Steven., “Myco. Scot.,” p. 325; “Grevillea,”
viii. p. 102. Phialea versicolor—Gill., “Champ.,” p. 106.

On fronds of dead Pieris aquilina. June. ;

Cups rarely exceed ‘5 mm. in width; their consist-
ence is very soft; colour pure milk-white, but the least
bruising, or the prick of a pin, causes them to turn
yellow (Desm.). I have not observed this in British
specimens.

Name— Versicolor, changing colour.
Forres, N. B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith).

43. Mollisia pineti. (Batsch.)

Gregarious or scattered, sessile, nearly plane; margin
inflexed, obtuse, when dry contracted to a globose form,
firm, growing greyish brown, when young whitish
granulate or furfuraceous; hymenium pallid or greyish
white ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong-fusi-
form or elongate-fusiform, 2-guttulate, 8—l'4 x 3u;
paraphyses filiform, stout.

Peziza pineti—Batsch, “EL,” p. 201, f 140; Fries,
“Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 101; “Eng. Flo..” v. p. 197; Karst,
“ Pez. et Ascob.,” p. 20; “ Mon. Pez.,” p. 189; Nyl., “Pez.
Fenn.,” p. 52; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2050. Pseudo-
helotium pineti—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 298. Lachnea
pineti— Gill, “ Champ.,” p. 83. Helotiwm pineti—Pat.,
p. 218, f. 498.

Exs.—Fckl, “ F. Rh.,” 1167; Rehm, “ Asco.,” 561.

196 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

On dead leaves of Pinus sylvestris.
Name—Pinus, the pine; from the habitat.
Don, near Aberdeen !

44. Mollisia effugiens. (Rob.)

Erumpent, very minute, sessile, glabrous, ivory-
hyaline, at first globose, then concave; externally a little
pulverulent; margin white, minutely denticulate ; asci
clavate; sporidia fusiform, 5—7 x lu; paraphyses fili-
form,

Peziza (Phialea) effugiens—Rob. in Desm., “ Ann.
Sc. Nat.,” 1853, p. 19.

Exs.—Desm., “ Crypt. Fr.,” ser. ii. No. 16.

On dried stems of plants. In the spring.

The cups are about 500u broad, scarcely distinguish-
able except when moist. They form groups either
scattered or crowded, breaking through the epidermis.
The asci are 40u long.

Name—From effugio, to speedily pass away.

Almond Park, near Shrewsbury !

45. Mollisia straminum. (B. and Br.)

Crowded or scattered, sessile, hemispherical, then ex-
panded, pale yellow, beset with refractive granules;
hymenium pinkish yellow or flesh-colour; margin in-
curved; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, fusiform,
straight or curved, 3 to 4-guttulate, 7—10 x 1:54; para-
physes extremely slender.

Peziza straminum—B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,”
No. 571; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2062.

On dead sheaths of wheat and grasses.

“Minute, not exceeding $ a line diameter; cups
hemispherical, concave, sessile, or at length expanded ;
margin incurved; externally densely farinaceous, pale ;
mo of a pinkish-yellow or flesh-colour ” (B. and

Yr.)

Name—Stramin, straw ; growing on straw.

Fotheringhay, King’s Cliffe; Rudloe, Wiltshire: on
Juncas, Oxton, Nottinghamshire! (Rev. M. J. Berkeley).

MOLLISIA. 1ly7

E. SPORIDIA LINEAR,

46. Mollisia lwrida. (Pers.)

Crowded or scattered, turbinate, then expanded,
rufous-brown, whitish towards the margin, fibroso-striate ;
hymenium concave, pale rufous; margin erect; asci
clavate; sporidia 8, narrowly linear, curved, multi-
guttulate, 20—25 x 14; paraphyses filiform, slender,

Peziza lurida—Pers., “Syn. Fung.,” p. 666.

On dead leaves of Pinus sylvestris.

Our plant agrees perfectly with a specimen in herb.
Fries, and is abundantly distinct from Peziza pinets
(Batsch).

Name—Luridus, lurid; a dirty brown colour.

Mossburnford ! (Mr. Jerdon in Kew Herbarium).

SuspcEenus V.—HYSTEROPEZIZA. Rabh.

Cups scattered, immersed; when moist erumpent,
compressed, blackish.

Name—From Hystertwm and Peziza, two genera of
fungi.

One British species.

47. Mollisia erumpens. (Grev.)

Scattered, minute, concave, waxy, soft, glabrous,
erumpent, sessile, cinereous, when dry concealed beneath
the bark; asci clavate, slender; sporidia 8, cylindrical,
rounded at the ends, sometimes slightly bent, 7 x 15y;
paraphyses filiform.

Peziza erumpens—Grev., “Crypt. Flo.,” t. 99; “Eng.
Flo.,” v. p. 206; Berk., “ Outl.,” p. 871; Gonn. and Rabh.,
iii. t. 5, f. 6; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2111. Mollisia
erwmpens—Gill., “Champ.,” p. 128.

Exs.—Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” ed. ii. No. 1345; Cooke,
“Fung. Brit.” 566, ed.-ii. 384; Phil, “Elv. Brit.,” 35;
Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” 1811; Rehm, “ Asco.,” 354.

On dead petioles of syeamore. Autumn.

Resembling to the naked eye an Hystervwm when

198 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

dry; in moist weather distending the small slit in the
bark of the petiole till it attains its round form, when
the margin projects over the edge of the fissure.
Wherever decaying sycamore-leaves are found.
Name—Zrumpo, to burst out; from its erumpent
habit.

Suscenus VI.—Pseupo-pezizaA. Fckl.

Cups immersed, erumpent when moist, orbicular,
glabrous, soft, plane or slightly concave; margin darker,
sometimes bordered by the lacerated epidermis of the
host-plant; sporidia subglobose, elliptic, oblong or pyri-
form, (Plate VI. fig. 36.)

Name—yevdde, false, and peziza; deceptive peziza,
resembling Phacidium

ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES.

A. Sporidia subglobose.

(a) On herbaceous stems ae »» species 48
8, Sporidia elliptic or oblong.

(a) On leaves or herbaceous stems .. » 49,50
0. Sporidia pyriform.

(a) On leaves... ee a sis » ol
Key To THe Specrus.
Hymenium greyish-white : on Euphorbia .. +» Euphorbia.
Hymenium smoky-yellow: on Trifolium .. «- Trifolii.
Hymenium pallid-testaceous: on Cerastium +» Cerastiorwm.
Hymenium ochraceous: on Ranunculus .. -» Ranunculi.

A. SPORIDIA SUBGLOBOSE.
(a) On herbaceous stems.
48, Mollisia Euphorbice. (B. and Br.)

Minute, erumpent, sessile, brownish-black ; hymenium
concave, white or greyish-white; margin prominent, in-
curved; asci broadly clavate, narrowing abruptly at the
base; sporidia 8, globose-elliptic, 84 long, and nearly as
broad; paraphyses filiform, stout, clavate summits, filled
with granular protoplasm. 3

Peziza Euphorbie—B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.”
No. 1829; “Grevillea,” viii. p. 8. °

MOLLISIA, 199

On stems of Euphorbia amygdaloides,

Cups 400p broad.

Name—uphorbia, a genus of Huphorbiacee, the
‘Spurges.:

Batheaston ! (Mr. C. E. Broome).

B. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC OR OBLONG.
(a) On leaves or herbaceous stems.
49. Mollisia Trifolit. (Bernh.)

Gregarious, epiphyllous or rarely hypophyllous,
minute, orbicular, at first covered, then erumpent ; margin
thin, lacerated ; hymenium plane or convex, smoky
yellow ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic or oblong-
elliptic, 2-guttulate, 10—15 x 5—Tp; paraphyses filiform,
rather stout.

Ascobolus Trifolii—Bernh., “ Manip.,” iv. p. 27, t. 6,
f,5; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 165; Berk., “ Eng. Flo.,”
v. p. 209; “Outl,” p. 874; Cooke, “Jour. Bot.,” 1864,
Phacidium Trifolii—Boud., “Ann. Se. Nat.,” 1869, p.
69; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2270; Sace., “ Mich.,” No.
vii. p. 331. Peziza Trifoliorwm—Libert, “Crypt. Ard.,”
ex. No, 324 Pseudo-peziza Trifolii—Fckl, “Symb.
Myco.,” p. 290. Favrea congener (Ces.)—Sace., “ Mich.,”
ii. p. 331. Mollisia Trifoliorwm—Gill, “Champ.,” p. 123,
G1.

Exs.—Libert, “Crypt. Ard.,” 324; Berk., 69; Desm.,
“Crypt. Fr.,” No. 520; Karst., . Fung. Fenn, ” 933 ;
Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” 331, ed. ii. 451; “Winter, “Fungi
Eur.,” 2057; Roumg., Fung. Gal.,” 660.

On living clover-leaves.

Name—Trifoliwm, a genus of Leguminosee, including
clovers.

50. Mollisia Cerastiorum. (Wallr.)

Gregarious, minute, innato-sessile, glabrous, orbicular,
nearly waxy, slightly, concave, marginate, pallid testa-
ceous, when moist paler; asci clavate or subfusiform ;

200 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES,

sporidia 8, oblong, obtuse, 2-guttulate, 10 x 3u; para-
physes filiform, slender. (Plate VI. fig. 36.) 2

Peziza Cerastiorwm—Wallr. in Fries, “Sys. Myco.,
ii. p. 153; Wally, “Flo. Germ.,” 465. Phacidiuwm Ceras-
tiorwum—GillL, “Champ.,” p. 169.

Exs.—Cooke, “Fung, Brit.” No. 655; Rabh., “ Fung.
Eur.,” 1705 and 17050.

On leaves of Cerastium.

Cups 300 to 500u broad.

Name—Cerastiwm, a genus of Caryophyllacex.

King’s Lynn! (Mr. C. SB. Plowright).

C. SPORIDIA PYRIFORM,

(a) On leaves.
51. Mollisia Ranuneult. (Wallr.)

Hypophyllous, gregarious, on discoloured spots.
erumpent, then sessile, orbicular; hymenium plane, at
first ochraceous, then black; margin distinct, serrated,
umber-brown, at length black; sporidia 8, pyriform,
septate, 15 x 5u; paraphyses filiform, sometimes branched.

Phlyctidium Ranunculi—Wallr, “Flo. Germ.,”
p- 416. Dothidea Ranunculi—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii.
p. 562; Berk., “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 287. Hacipula Ranuwn-
culi—Rabh., “ Handbk.,” 158. Phacidiwm Ranunculi—
Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2271; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 168.
Phacidium litigioswm—Rob. in Desm., “ Ann. Se. Nat.,”
t. 8, 1847, p. 181.

Exs.—Berk., 347; Desm., 1639; Fekl, “F. Rh.,”
1175; Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,” 280, ed. ii, 452; Rehm,
“ Asco.,” 659; Kunze, “Fung. Sel.” 175, 381; Roumg,,
“Pung. Gal.,” 544. :

On fading leaves of Ranunculus repens, ete.

About 500 broad.

Name—Ranunculus, a genus of Ranunculaceae.

Forres! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Shere, Surrey! (Dr.
Capron).

LACHNEA. 201

Suscenus VII—PERISTOMIALIS.

Subcylindrical, sessile, fleshy, dise plane or slightly
concave; margin furnished with triangular teeth ; sporidia
eylindraceo-filiform. (Plate VI. fig. 37.)

Name—zepi, around, ordua, the mouth ; furnished with
scales round the mouth, like the peristome of mosses.

Only one species.

52. Mollisia peristomialis. (B. and Br.)

Minute, cylindrical, pallid, mouth furnished with
long white triangular teeth; hymenium nearly plane;
asci lanceolate ; sporidia biseriate, fusiform, multi-guttu-
late, 20—27 x 45yu. (Plate VI. fig. 37.)

Peziza (Mollisia) peristomialis—B. and Br., “Ann.
Nat. Hist.,” No. 1169, t. 5, f. 82; Cooke, “ Handbk.,”
No. 2119.

On dead bark of holly.

About 300 to 400u high, by 200 broad.

Gregarious, at first globose, then elongated, and
botuliform or subpyriform, truncate at the top, the
hymenium scarcely depressed ; the triangular teeth re-
semble those of Peziza inflewa (Bolt.); the sporidia are
large, and furnished with 5 to 9 nuclei.

“A most exquisite object under a moderate magnifier,
resembling some Actinia in miniature. Sporidia ‘001
inch long” (B. and Br., l. c.).

Name—See under Subgenus.

Penzance (J. Ralfs, Esq.).

Serres IL—VESTIT.
Genus VIIl.—Lacunea. Fries.

Cups stipitate or sessile, fleshy, waxy or fibrous;
clothed externally with more or less well-developed hairs.
(Plates VI-VIL,, figs. 38-42.)

Name—Adxvn, down; from the villous or hairy
clothing.

202 — BRITISH DISOCOMYCETES.

ARRANGEMENT OF SUBGENERA.

I. Sarcoscypha .. ans oe
Il, Sepultaria .. a on as a «. 8-18
II. Rhizopodella.. a ee ee aie » 19
IV. Scutellinia .. a ve os a +. 20-87
V. Neotiella a. ae as ‘ ae -. 88-39

Key To tHe SuBGENERA.
Sarcoscypha.

Cups stipitate .. i ee ee as sie

Cups seated on a mass of black hairs - .. Rhizopodella.
Cups immersed or semi-immersed in the soil .. Sepultaria.
Cups sessile; hairs dark, rigid as ro .. Scutellinia.
Oups sessile ; hairs nearly colourless oe 1. Neotiella.

Susaenus I.—SarcoscyPHa.

Cups large, fleshy, distinctly stipitate; externally
tomentose or hairy. (Plate VI. fig. 38.)
Name—sdpé, flesh, oxdpoe, @ cup.
ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES,
A. Sporidia elliptic,

(a) Epispore asperate .. oe ++ species 1
(b) Epispore smooth,
(a) Stem erect oe ae sis » 2-4
(8) Stem rooting .. os oe » 5-6
B. Sporidia fusiform.
(a) Epispore asperate .. ee oe » 7
Key To Tue Srscins.
Hymenium black es ee ea es e+ corium,
Hymenium brown. oe ars oe ae
Hymenium yellow .. oe ee we oe 2
Hymenium carmine .. is bn te ++ coccinea.
Exterior cinerascent; stem bulbous at base -» bulbosa.

Exterior blackish-brown, squamulose; stem equal _helvellotdea.
Exterior cinereous, hirto-verrucose ; stem attenuated
upwards... we ve ei ats +. ‘macropus,
2 aes white, villous; dise sulphur-yellow ++ radiculata.
* \Exterior whitish, tomentose; disc pale orange .. cocotina.

1,

A. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC,
(a) Epispore asperate.
1. Lachnea radiculata. (Sow).

Cups subczspitose, fleshy, hemispherical, then ap-
planate ; stem thick, rooting; hymenium sulphureous;

LACHNEA. 203

externally white, villous; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8,
elliptic, asperate, 16 x 104; paraphyses filiform. (Plate
VI. fig. 38.) |

Peziza radiculata—Sow., “ Fung,” t. 114; Fries, “Sys.
Myco.,” ii. 81; Crouan, “Flo, Fin.,” p. 52; “Eng. Flo.,”
v. p. 192; B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,” 1160*, t. 4, f 23;
Cooke, “ Handbk.,” 2015 ; “ Grevillea,” iii. fig. 92; Cooke,
“Mycogr.,” fig. 99. Peziza Sowerbea—Pers., “ Myco. Eur.,”
p. 232. Lachnea radiculata—Gill, “Champ.,” p. 66, ¢. i.

Exs.—Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” 618.

On the ground, in gardens and in fir woods, ete.
Summer and autumn.

Cups 1 to 14 inches broad; hairs septate, hyaline,
rather long (M. C. Cooke). Somewhat reticulated ex-
ternally, with irregular prominent veins, 1 inch or more
broad (Berk. in “ Eng. Flo.”).

Name—Radicula, a little root ; from the rooting base.

Dropmore, Jedburgh (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Near
Twycross (Rev. A. Bloxam). North Wootton (Mr. C. B.
Plowright). Epping (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Stoke Newing-
ton (Mr. W. G. Sinith).

Var. Percevalii. Phil.

Differing in the oblique cups (which resemble the
species in Otidea) and the clavate paraphyses.

Name—After Mr. Cecil H. Spencer Perceval.

Stopham ! (Mr. Cecil H. Spencer Perceval).

(a) Epispore smooth,
(a) Stem erect.

2. Lachnea coccinea. (Jacq).

Cups stipitate, infundibuliform ; externally, as well as
the stem, whitish, tomentose, with short adpressed down ;
dise carmine; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, oblong-ellip-
tic, smooth, 25—27 x 9u; paraphyses linear.

Peziza coccinea—Jacq., “ Misc. Austr.,” t. 169; Fries,
“Sys. Myco.,” ii. 79; Nees, “Sys.,” f. 288; Bolt. “ Fung.,”
t. 104; Buxb., “ Petr.” iv. t. 29,f.4; Batt, t. 3, £ n, 0;

204 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Ray., “Syn.,” iii, p. 19, No. 15; Karst., “ Myco. Fenn.,”
p. 43; Gonn. and Rabh, “Myco. Eur.,” iii. t. 4, fig. 5;
Weinm., p. 434; Grev. 161; “Eng. Flo.” v. p. 192;
Cooke, “Handbk.,” 2012; Pat, p. 34, £ 80. Peziza
epidendra—Bull., “Champ.,” t. 467; Sow., “F ung.,” t. 13.
Peziza poculiformis—Hoffm., “Crypt.” t.7, £5. Plee-
tania coccinea—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 824. Lachnea
coccinea—Gill., “Champ.,” p. 66, ¢ 1.

Exs.—Fckl, “F. Bh.,” 1218; Rabh., “Herb. Myco.,”
i. 1020; Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” i. 651; Phil. “Elv. Brit.,”
61; Ellis, “N. A. Fungi,” 434.

On rotten branches. Spring.

Cups about 1 inch broad; stem } to 1 inch long.
This is the most handsome species in our flora. Its
nearly white tomentose exterior contrasts strongly with
the carmine disc.

A single specimen with a white hymenium was said
to have been found near Ipswich (vide Science Gossip,
vol. xxi., 1885, p. 67).

Name—Coccineus, scarlet; from the colour of the
hymenium.

Gillingham, Norfolk (Sowerby). Hitcham, Suffolk ;
Staffordshire; Kingston, near Taunton; and Kilmory,
Argyleshire (Rev. M. J. Berkeley), Thringston and
Gopsall (Rev. A. Bloxam). Ipswich (Mr. J. English).
Thirsk (Mr. J. G. Baker). Epping; Shire Newton, near
Chepstow ; and Albury (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Coolcarrigan,
co. Kildare! (Mr. Wilson). Bunwell and Cossey, Norfolk
(Rev. K. Trimmer). North Wootton, Norfolk! (Mr. C. B.
Plowright). Stoke, near Bristol (Mr. Cedric Bucknall).
Church Stretton ! and Hook-a-gate, Salop! Kerry Valley,
Montgomeryshire! Malvern ! (Mr. Jones). Cummersdale,
Cumberland! (Dr. Carlyle).

3. Lachnea coriwm. (Weberb.)

Cups stipitate, waxy, when dry subcoriaceous, saucer-
shape, becoming expanded, sometimes laterally compressed,
black ; externally velvety; stem equal or thickened
below, deeply suleate or subrugose, glabrous, paler at

LACHNEA, 205

the base; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, rather broadly
elliptic, at first guttulate, smooth, 18—20 x 10u; para-
physes clavate, with brown apices.

Peziza corium—Weberb., “ Pilze,” t. ili. £ 7; Cooke,
“ Mycogr.,” fig. 187; “ Grevillea,” v. p. 59. Aleuria
corvum, Gill., “ Champ.,” p. 39.

Exs.—Phil., “Elv. Brit.” No. 153; Rabh., “ Fung.
Eur.,” 2209; Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” ed. ii. No. 552; Rav.,
“Fung. Am.,” 760.

On the ground i in sandy soil. Spring.

Cups } to 14 inches broad; stem 4 to 14 inches long,
and pout 1 to 3 lines broad at the base, smaller above.
The flesh is white; the cells which form the velvety
surface of the exterior are composed of 4 to 8 in a
chain, constricted at their junction, the chain very rarely
branched. The brown apices of the paraphyses are often
composed of nearly moniliform cells.

Name—Coriwm, leather ; leather-like.

North Wootton! (Mr. C. B. Plowright).

4. Lachnea bulbosa. (Hedw.)

Cups hemispherical, becoming expanded, waxy, when
dry subcoriaceous, cinerascent, minutely squamulose ;
hymenium blackish brown; stem firm, rather slender,
arising from a tuber-form base ; asci cylindrical : sporidia
8, broadly elliptic, 1-guttulate, gutta large, smooth,
15 x 10u; paraphyses clavate at the apices.

Peziza bulbosa—Nees, “Sys.,” £ 289; Fries, “ Sys.
Myoo.,” ii. 58; “ Grevillea,” iii. “Oe 8; Cooke, ‘ ‘Mycogr.,”
fig. 189. Octospora bulbosa—Hedw., “ Mus. Frond.,” t. x.
f.c. Fungoides fuscum—Buxb., “ Petr.,” iv. t. 29, f. 3;
Scheff, t. 152, Aleuria bulbosa—Gill, “Champ.,” p.
37, 6. i.

Exs.—Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” 1308.

On the ground i in sandy soil. Summer and autumn.

Cups 4 an inch to 1 inch broad; stem 4 an inch to 1
inch long, 1 line thick ; flesh pale grey.

Name—Bulbus, a bulb ; bulbous.

King’s Lynn! (Mr. C. B. Plowright)

206 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES

(B) Stem rooting.
5. Lachnea helvelloides. (Fries.)

Cup-shaped, complanate, then expanded, orbicular,
becoming reflexed, blackish brown; externally, together
with the equal stem, squamulose-scabrous ; asc cylin-
drical; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 15—17 x 10u; para-
physes subclavate. ;

Peziza helvelloides—Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan.,” 348 ;
“ Grevillea,” iii. fig. 6; Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” fig. 190. Hel-
vella pezizoides—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 20; Afz. in
“Vet. Ac. Handl.,” 1873, t. 10, £. 2; Sace., “Myco. Ven.
Sp.,” p. 169; Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 36; Fekl., “Symb.
iso 333. Alewria helvelloides—Gill., “Champ.,” p. 40.

Exs.—Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,” ii, 237; Karst., “Fung.
Fenn.,” 446; Fekl., “F. Bh.,” 1880; Rabh., “Herb. Myco.,”
ii, 26.

In pine woods and mossy places. Autumn.

Cup scarcely 1 inch broad; stem 1 to 2 inches high,
1 to 2 lines thick.

Name—Helvella, a genus of fungi, e?Soc, likeness ;
Helvella-like.

Northamptonshire (Rev. M. J. Berkeley).

6. Lachnea cocotina. (Cooke.)

Cups rooting, fleshy, hemispherical, becoming applanate;
margin entire; hymenium pale orange; externally, to-
gether with the stem, whitish tomentose ; asci cylindrical ;
sporidia 8, elliptic, hyaline, smooth, 18 x 104; paraphyses
clavate.

Peziza cocotina—Cooke in “Grevillea,’ v. p. 61;
“Mycogr.,” fig. 356.

On cocoa-nut fibre in a caterpillar-cage, and on saw-
dust. October.

Cups 1 inch diameter. In some points resembling
Peziza radiculata (Sow.), in others Peziza cerea (Sow.),
but differing from both (Cooke).

The tomentum consists of short flexuous hairs com-
posed of 8 to 5 oblong cells, constricted at the joints.

LACHNEA., 207

Name— Cocos, the name of the cocoa-nut tree; grow-
ing on cocoa-nut fibre.

Epping (Mr. J. English). Edinburgh, Botanic Gardens
Ce M. C. Cooke). Brandon, Norfolk! (Mr. C. B. Plow-
right).

B. SPORIDIA FUSIFORM.
(a) Epispore asperate.
7. Lachnea macropus. (Pers.)

Cups hemispherical, then expanded, hirto-verrucose,
cinereous; hymenium mouse-brown; stem very long,
attenuated upwards, even or irregularly lacunose, cine-
reous, nearly hairy; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, fusi-
form elliptic, becoming slightly asperate, 30 x 10—12y;
paraphyses clavate at the apices.

Peziza macropus—Pers., “ Obs.,” ii. p. 26, t. 1, f. 2;
“Flo. Dan.,” t. 1200, f. 2; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. 57;
“Eng. Flo,” v. p.189; Berk., “Outl,” 365; Cooke,
“ Handbk.,” 1965 ; “ Mycogr.,” fig. 188 ; Grev., “Sc. Crypt.
Flo.,” t. 70; “ Grevillea,” iii. t. 27, fig. 7; Sturm., 31, t.
20, fig. e; Pat. p. 35, f. 34 (spor. not good). Peziza
stipitata—Bull, “Champ.,” t. 192 and 457, f. 2; Sow.,
“Fung.,” t. 88. Peziza hispida—Scheeff, Icon.,” t. 166 ;
Bolt., t. 96. ,Peziza sublicia—Holms., “ Ot.,” ii, t. 10.
Macropodia macropus—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 331;
Sace., “Myco. Ven. Sp.,” p. 168. Helvella macropus—
Karst., “ Myco. Fenn.,” p. 37. Aleuria macropus—Gill,
“Champ.,” p. 35, ¢ i.

Exs.—Desm., “Crypt. Fr.” i, 427; Karst., “Fung.
Fenn.,” 73; Fekl., “¥. Rh.,” 1234; Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,”
i, 289; Phil, “Hlv. Brit,” 152; Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,”
1413.

On the ground in shady woods. Summer and
autumn.

Solitary, 1 to 3 inches high; cups 1 to 2 inches
broad. The cups become expanded, and sometimes re-
flexed; the exterior is cinereous, and clothed with little
hairy or villous warts, the hairs consisting of oblong

208 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

concatenate cells, their extremities free. The stem is
enlarged downwards, often lacunose, occasionally be-
coming hollow with age.

Name—naxpée, large, rove, a foot ; large-stemmed.

Woods below Highfield, near Halifax (Bolton). Finch-
ley Common (Sowerby. On the road from Dunnington
to Pophill (Purton). Near Guildford (Hudson). Bal-
muto, N.B. (Dr. Greville). Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr.
Keith). North Wootton !(C. B. Plowright). Farningham
Earl (C. B. Plowright), Glamis (Rev. J. Stevenson).
Epping Forest (Mr. English). Bishop's Wood, Hamp-
stead; and Albury, Surrey (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Sufton
Court, Herefordshire! Wrekin, Salop! Craigforda, near
Oswestry ! Tyntestield, Bristol (Mr. C. Bucknall). Near
Carlisle ! (Dr. Carlyle).

Supcenus II—SeEputtTaria. Cooke.

Cups fleshy, sessile, clad with coloured hairs; chiefly
terrestrial. (Plate VI. fig. 39.)
Name—Sepultus, buried ; from being immersed.

ARRANGEMENT or THE SPrcizs,
A, Cups large, often immersed.
(a) Sporidia globose .. ae +» species 8
(b) Sporidia elliptic .. ae ee » 9-14
(c) Sporidia fusiform 2s . » 15-16
B. Cups smaller; hairs often fasciculate.
(a) Sporidia elliptic .. <a ss » 17-18

Key vo rar Sprors,

Hymenium brown... ns es ee ee 1
Hymenium red . oe o. es oe 2
Hymenium pallid-ochraceous oe oe +» Sumnertana.
Hymenium cinereous, livid, or bluish white xe 3
Externally brown, having short hairs; cups im-

mersed oe “ oe ss a ++ geaster.
Externally brown, having,long flexuous hairs; cups

1.4 immersed .. is i os ee ++ arenicola.
Externally brown, having longish rigid hairs ; cups
sessile . regaria.

Externally brown; hairs fasciculate; cups sessile.. brunnea.
Externally brown; hymenium cma ve +» lapidaria,
o, ) Externally brown; hymenium deep ficsh-red +. hybrida.
" ) Externally scarlet 2 ao ws «+ hirto-eoccinea.
Externally fulvous .. ee . oe var, fulvo-coccinea.

LACHNEA, 209

(Payment brown, having long flexuous hairs;

hymenium livid; cups immersed .. oe .. sepulta,
3 Externally brown, having long straight hairs ;
hymenium livid; cups sessile .. sxe .. hemispherica.
Externally brown, having short rigid hairs; hyme-
nium watery grey; cups sessile .. ‘ Woolhopeia.

A. CUPS LARGE, OFTEN IMMERSED.
4 . .
(a) Sporidia globose.

8. Lachnea brunnea. (A. and S.)

Cups gregarious, subceespitose, sessile, hemispherical,
then depressed, subflexuose, brown, externally clothed
with minute, rigid, fasciculate, brown, septate hairs;
hymenium the same colour ; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8,
globose, asperate, 15—18u; paraphyses slender, septate,
apices clavate.

Peziza brunnea—A. and 8. in “Consp.,” p. 317.
Lachnea brunnea—GilL, “ Champ.,” p. 72.

On the ground. November.

Cups 1 to 2 lines broad.

The above description embraces the characters of
Albertini and Schweinitz’s species, with the addition of
noicroscopical characters of a plant referred to it by Mr.
C. E. Broome, which agrees admirably in external cha-
racters. No original examples are at present known to
exist either in American or British herbaria of Albertini
and Schweinitz’s species; there must always remain a
doubt, therefore, whether we have the true plant.

Name—Brunneus, dark brown.

Near Hereford! (Mr. C. E. Broome).

(b) Sporidia elliptic.
9. Lachnea sepulta. (Fries.)

Cups sessile, subterranean, globose, at first closed,
then opening by a narrow mouth, at length splitting
into many unequal laciniz; externally clothed with
long, flexuose, branched, septate, brown hairs; hymenium
urceolate, brownish or livid; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8,

P

210 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

broadly elliptic, 1 to 2 or several gutta, smooth, 22—
eo a 12; paraphyses stout, septate, apices clavate. (Plate
. fig. 39.

Pocien nepali Tia “Nov. Symb. Myco.,” 1851,
p. 126; B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.” No. 766; Berk.,
“Outl,” p. 865; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2019; “Gre-
villea,” iii. fig. 212’; Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” fig. 112. .

Exs.—Phil., “ Elv. Brit.,” 63; Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,”
ed. ii, No. 544,

On the ground, after autumnal rains.

Cups 1 to 2 inches broad; globose, clothed with dense
woolly fibres, the upper portion often breaking off
irregularly and so exposing the disc (B. and Br.).

This is very closely allied to Peziza arenaria (Osbeck)
and P. arenicola (Lév.). It bears also a close resem-
blance to the genus Hydrocystis—Tul. (B. and Br.).

Name—Sepultus, buried.

East Bergholt (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Forden, North
Wales ! (Rev. J. E. Vize),

10. Lachnea geaster. (B. and Br.)

Cups scattered, sessile, subterranean, globose, bursting
into a few lacinize; externally villose, brown; asci
cylindrical ; sporidia 8, broadly elliptic, 1-guttate, smooth,
18—23 x 10—I1]u; paraphyses clavate at the apices.

Peziza geaster—B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,” 1866,
Nos. 956 and 1162, t. 4, f. 26 (nee Gonn. and Rabh., iii.
t. 3, £5); “Grevillea,” iii. fig. 223; Cooke, “Handbk.,”
2018 ; “ Mycogr.,” fig. 114.

Amongst comminuted stone and earth. October.

Cups about 4 an inch in diameter. The surface is
not warty, as in P. arenaria (B. and Br.).

Name—yj, the earth, dorhp, a star; Geaster, a genus
of fungi, which it somewhat resembles. :

Wentworth (Mr. J. Henderson), Lynn! (Mr. ©. B.
Plowright).

11. Lachnea arenicola, (Lév.)
Cups sessile, subterranean, subglobose, then cup-
shaped, waxy, fibrillose, clothed with long, brown,

LACHNEA. 211

flexuous hairs, encrusted with sand; mouth constricted,
becoming split and dentate; hymenium fuscescent ; asci
cylindrical; sporidia 8, broadly elliptic, 1-guttulate,
smooth, 20 x 124; paraphyses clavate at the apices.

Var. Blowami. (Cooke.)

Differs from the type in the colour of the disc, which
is fleshy-ochraceous, and the larger sporidia.

Peziza Bloxami—Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” fig. 121.

On sandy ground. — :

Name—After the Rev. A. Bloxam.

Near Liverpool (Rev. H. H. Higgins).

12. Lachnea lapidaria. (Cooke.)

Hemispherical, then expanded ; externally brown, clad
with fascicles of xather rigid, straight, pointed, brown,
septate hairs; hymenium orange-red; asci cylindrical ;
sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 16 x 8u; paraphyses enlarged
gradually from the centre upwards.

Peziza hybrida—Cooke in “ Grevillea,” vol. xii. p. 43.
Peziza lapidaria—Cooke in litt.

Growing between paving-stones in an area.

Cups # of an inch in diameter; hairs 200u long,
8u. broad.

Name—Lapidarius, pertaining to stones; growing
between stones.

Bristol! (Mr. Cedric Bucknall).

13. Lachnea hemispherica. (Wigg.)

Cups scattered, sessile, at first globose, soon hemi-
spherical, entire, the margin also becoming replicate; ex-
ternally subfuscous, sparsely covered, especially near the
margin, with fasciculate brown hairs; hymenium bluish
white; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, 2-guttulate,
smooth, 20-24 x 10—13u mm.; paraphyses septate,
clavate at the apices.

Peziza hemispherica—Wigg. in Hoffm., “ Crypt.,” ii.
t. 7, fig. 6; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. 82; “Flo. Dan.,” t. 1558,

212 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

tig. 2; Karst., “ Myco. Fenn.,” 68 ; Weinm., p. 435 ; Crouan,
«Flo. Fin.,” p. 52; Kickx., “ Crypt. Flan.,” 1. 492 ; Weberb.,
iti f. 4; “Eng. Flo.” v. p. 193; Berk., “ Outl.,” p. 367;
Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2016; “Mycogr.,” fig. 115 ; Pat.,

. 84, f. 82; “Grevillea,” iii. fig. 95. Octospora fasciculata—

edw., “Mus. Frond.,” ii. t. 4,f.&. Humaria hemispherica
—Fekl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 322. Peziza labellwm—Bull,
“Champ.,” t. 204. Peziza hirsuta—Holms., “ Ot.,” ii. t.
19. Elvela albida—Scheeff, “Icon.,” t. 151, t.319. Peziza
hispida—Sow., “Fung.,” t. 147. Lachnea hemispherica—
Gill, “Champ.,” p. 78, ¢. i.

Exs.—Fekl. “F. Bh.,” 1211; Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” i.
1311; Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,” 630; Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,”
1483 ; Rehm, “ Asco.,” 5; Ellis, “N. A. Fungi,” 838; Phil.
“Elv. Brit.,” 159 ; Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.” ed. ii. No. 553.

On the ground in shady places, Autumn.

Cups 4 to 1 inch broad; flesh brittle, between waxy
and fleshy; externally dark brown or smoky-brown ;
hairs rigid, attenuated to a sharpish point, septate, fas-
ciculate ; sporidia showing a tendency in age to become
rough. Usually on the surface of the ground ; sometimes,
however, they are somewhat immersed.

Name—Hemisphericum, half a sphere,

Coed Coch, North Wales; Wrotham; and Linlithgow,
N.B. (Rev. M. J. Berkeley), Ascot (Mr. C. E. Broome).
Epping and Dinmore, Herefordshire (Dr. M. C. Cooke).
Gopsall (Rev. A. Bloxam). Beeston, St. Andrew, Nor-
folk! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Near Wrexham! (Mr. B.
Acton). Wrekin, Salop! Boreatton Park! Bomere Wood !
and Lilleshall, Salop!

14. Lachnea hirto-coccinea. Phil. and Plow.

Cups sessile, scattered or crowded, fleshy, hemi-
spherical, then expanded, dull scarlet; clothed with
scattered, pale brown, obtuse, septate hairs, longest on
the incurved margin; hymenium same colour; asei
cylindrical ; sporidia 8, broadly elliptic, 1 to 2-guttulate,
smoota, 22 x 1lu; paraphyses rather slender, apices
clavate, filled with scarlet granules.

LACHNEA., 213

Feziza hirto-coccinea—Phil. and Plow. in “ Grevillea,”
viii. p. 100; “ Scott. Nat.,” vi. 123.

On the ground in pine woods, in damp, mossy places.

Cups 2 to 4 lines broad. The hairs below the margin
are shorter than those on the margin, and are often
clavate, with or without septa. There is in some instances
a conspicuous white mycelium below the cups.

Name—Hivrtus, hairy, coccineus, scarlet; from the
scarlet disc and hairy exterior.

Forres, N.B, ! (Rev. Dr. Keith).

Var. fulvo-coceinea. Phil.

Externally fulvous, sporidia smaller, 15—22 x 10—12u.

On the ground.

Name—Fulvus, tawny, coccineus, scarlet ; from the
scarlet disc and tawny exterior.

Near Wrexham ! (Mr. T. B. Acton).

(c) Sporidia fusiform.
15. Lachnea Sumneriana. (Cooke.)

Cup large, scattered, waxy, sessile, at first globose,
immersed, then partly exposed, becoming expanded, the
margin splitting into irregular lobes ; externally chestnut-
brown, covered with a dense coating of long, slender,
brown, flexuous, septate hairs; hymenium pallid-ochra-
ceous, with a tint of flesh-colour ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia
8, broadly fusiform, nucleate, smooth, 30—32 x 12n;
paraphyses slender.

Peziza lanuginosa, var. Swmneri—Berk. in “ Linn.
Trans.,” xxv. t. 55, fig. 1; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” p. 680, No.
2017; B. and Br. “Ann, Nat. Hist.,” 1866, No. 1161, t.
4, £. 25; “Grevillea,” iii, fig. 100; Cooke, “ Mycogr.,”
fig. 111.

Exs.—Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,” i. 471, ii, 362; Phil,
“ Elv. Brit.,” 62; Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,” 1419.

On the ground, under cedars, larch, ete. Spring.

Cup 1 to 2 inches broad. At first entirely buried,
then forcing its way through the soil, and splitting into
several lobes, like a Geaster, which it much resembles

214 BRITISH. DISCOMYCETES.

from its thick substance. The outer coat is densely
clothed with flexuous hairs ; the sporidia are shortly and
bluntly fusiform (B. and Br.).

Name—In honour of Mrs. Holme Sumner. a

Fitcham Park (Mrs. Holme Sumner). Chiswick
House! (Mr. Edmonds). Ware, Herefordshire (Mr. C. E.
Broome). Guy’s Cliff, Warwick (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Orton
(Rev. M. J. Berkeley).

16. Lachnea hybrida. (Sow.)

Cups crowded or scattered, sessile, hemispherical ;
externally brown, paler towards the incurved margin,
clothed with short, rigid, septate, brown hairs ; hymenium
deep flesh-red; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, fusiform-
elliptic, 2-guttulate, smooth, 21—25 x 8—10u; para-
physes not seen.

Peziza hybrida—Sow. in “Eng. Fung,,” t. 369, f. 1.
Peziza brunnea—A. and §&., of “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 193;
Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2020 ; “ Mycogr.,” fig. 126, b.

On the ground. .

Cups 2 to 6 lines broad. Sowerby says, “This Peziza
resembles P. hispida (1.e. P. hemispherica), and is hairy
on the outside, but whiter; the inside partakes of the
redness of P, scutellata. We have had it growing two
or three years at Mead Place, without any considerable
variation ” (1. ¢.).

P. hispida (Sow.) has been usually quoted as a
synonym of P. brunnea (A. and §&.), erroneously, as it
now appears, the original specimen having fortunately
been found in Kew Herbarium. By the favour of Dr.
Hooker we have been permitted to examine it, and have
drawn up the above description.

B, CUPS SMALLER ; HAIRS OFTEN FASCICULATE,
(a) Sporida, elliptic.
17. Lachnea gregaria. (Rehm.)

Cups gregarious, sessile, hemispherical, concave;
margin involute, becoming open, difformed, repand; ex-

LACHMEA. 215

ternally brown, covered with a very dense coat of rigid,
fasciculate, brown, septate, strigose hairs; hymenium
livid-brown; becoming pallid; asci cylindrical; sporidia
8, fusiform-elliptic, smooth, 22 x 104 ; paraphyses filiform,
septate, apices slightly thickened.

Peziza gregarva—Rehm, “ Asco.,” No.6; “Grevillea,”
iii, fig. 221; Winter in “ Flora,” 1873 ; Cooke, “ Mycogr.,”
fig. 123. Peziza hemispherica, var. 3. proximella—Karst.,
“Mon. Pez.,” p. 125 ; Karst., “Myco.Fenn.,” p. 69 (?). Peziza
hemispherica, var. minor—Nyl. Peziza brunnea—
Cooke in “ Grevillea,” iii. fig. 98.

Exs.— Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” ii. 368; Rehm, “ Asco.,”
6; Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” 1220; Desm., “ Crypt. Fr.,” 1812 ;
Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” 1704.

On the ground in shady woods. Autumn. ,

Cups 4 to 14 line broad. Sporidia sometimes ex-
ternally minutely rough.

Name—Grea, a flock ; growing in groups.

Dinmore, Herefordshire! Cirencester! (Mr. Joshua).
Lyonshall, Herefordshire; and on burnt ground, Kew
Gardens (Dr. M. C. Cooke).

18. Lachnea Woolhopeia. (Cooke and Phil.)

Cups scattered, sessile, hemispherical, becoming nearly
applanate ; externally clothed with erect, acute, septate,
brown, fasciculate hairs; hymenium watery-grey ; asci
cylindrical; sporidia 8, broadly elliptic, 1-guttulate,
smooth, 20—22 x 13—15u; paraphyses filiform, apices
clavate. ;

Peziza Woothopeia—Cooke and Phil. in “ Grevillea,”
vi. p. 75 ; Cooke’s “ Mycogr.,” fig. 404; Pat., p. 74, £171.

On burnt ground in woods. Autumn.

Cups 4 to 1 line broad. Hairs fasciculate 150 to 200u
long, thick and brown at the base, pointed and hyaline
above. :

Name—After the Woolhope Field Club.

Downton, Salop ! (Mr. Cecil H. Spencer Perceval).

216 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES

Susaenus III.—RuizoropELLa, Cooke.

Cup fleshy, hemispherical ; externally adpresso-
tomentose; base rooting by means of coarse black hairs.
(Plate VII. fig. 40.) a

The coriaceous texture of the single British species of
this subgenus suggests its removal to Dermate, near to
Encolia.

Name—piZa, a root, rovc, a foot; from the fibrillose
hase.

19. Lachnea melastoma. (Sow.)

Cup substipitate, fleshy, subglobose ; externally brick-
red, flocculose ; hymenium urceolate, ‘black ; stem short,
rooting by means of thick, black, strigose filaments ; asci
cylindrical ; sporidia 8, oblongo-elliptic, smooth, 25 x 9u;
paraphyses linear, apices subclavate. (Plate VII. fig. 40.)

Peziza melastoma—Sow., “Fung.” t. 149; Fries,
“Sys. Myco.,” ii. 80; Weinm., “Hym.,” p. 434; “Eng.
Flo.,” v. ps,192; Berk., “ Outl.,” p. 867; Cooke, “ Handbk.,”
2013; “ Grevillea,” iii. fig. 90 ; “ Mycogr.,” fig. 103. Peziza
atrorufa—Grev., t. 315. Peziza rhizopus—A. and &.,
“Consp.,” p. 317, t. 1, f. 4; Crouan, “Flo. Fin,” p. 51.
Peziza crenulata—Fckl., “ Bot. Zeit.,” 1861 (cum icone).
Plectania melastoma—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 824,
Lachnea melastoma—Gill., “Champ.,” p. 66, ¢. i.

Exs.—Fekl, “F. Rh,” 1214, 1215; Rabh., “Fung.
Eur.,” 716.

On rotten sticks, ete. Spring.

Cup 4 to ¢ of an inch broad. This species varies
greatly as to degree of pubescence, being sometimes almost
naked, sometimes beset with down, or even bristly hairs ;
the base, however, is always furnished with long, black,
rooting, strigose filaments (“ Eng. Flo.”),

Name—xnéndae, black, oréua, a mouth.

Hexam (Mr. Francis Scott). Auchindenny Wood,
N.B. (Dr. Bainbridge). Bristol (Mr. C. E. Broome).
Sussex (Mr. C. H. Spencer Perceval). Plas Newydd,
North Wales (Rev. M. J. Berkeley), Bishop’s Wood,

LACHNEA:

217

Hampstead (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Epping (Mr. Jas. English).

Whitfield, near Hereford!

Suscenus IV.—Scureiim1a. Cooke,

Cups sessile ; externally clothed with coloured hairs;
margin ciliated with erect, rigid hairs. (Plate VII. fig. 41. )

Name—Scutella, a little saucer.

ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES,

A. Sporidia globose.
(a) Epispore echinulate oe
(6) Epispore smooth .. oe ee ”
B. Sporidia elliptic,
(a) Helpers asperate,

Hymenium red, scarlet, or a ey
(6) Hymenium yellow is i
(y) Hymenium livid .. on ”

() Epispore smooth.
(a) Hymenium red or orange’ .. a
(8) Hymenium yellow .. oe
(y) Hymenium white or pallid. 5 os

Key To THE Specizs,

Hymenium brown .. e oe
Hymenium red
Hymenium yellow ..

Hymenium white, cinereous, orlivid .
Growing on dung of animals na .
1 Growing on spent hops .. oe .

*)Growing on wood .. - «- ee
Growing on the earth .. oe
Hairs of the cup all simple
2. {Hairs of the cup having stellate hairs intermixed
near the base...
(Hairs of the cup pallid- tawny; : sporidia “globose
Hairs of the cup short, bay ; sporidia subglobose
Hairs of the cup short, brown, slender ; sporidia
3.4 oblong-elliptic ..

’ \ Hairs of the cup short, delicate, flexuous; : sporidia

elliptic ..
Hairs of the cup short, brown, slender; ’ sporidia
elliptic .. o
Hairs brown, bristle-like ; sporidia asperate i
Hairs nearly eolourlerss longish, slender ; exterior

4. whitish ..
Hairs pale yellow, very Tong: “exterior bright
| brown... . a ee
Hairs chiefly on the margin os oe oe

«+ species 20

21

rubra.
scutellata,
3

coprinaria,
stercorea.
trechispora.
umbrorum,
hirta,
umbrata,

carneo-sanguinea.
vitellina.

theleboloides,

Dalmeniensis.
erecta.

218 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Hairs long, straight, bulbous at the base; dise
cinereous .. P

. os oe ae .. bulbocrinita.
Hairs short, reddish-brown ; paraphyses clavate ;

5 dise white ‘i i fs ales .. albo-spadicea
* 1 Hairs short, erect, pale brown ; paraphyses lincar;
dise white eC BO ae ae +» ereted.
Hairs short, obtuse, chiefly on the margin; diso
livid-glaucous .. ae ae oie .. livida.

A. SPORIDIA GLOBOSE,

(a) Epispore echinulate.
20. Lachnea trechispora. (B.and Br.)

Cups scattered, sessile, at first hemispherical, then
expanded, nearly plane, orange-red; externally clothed
with pallid, tawny, septate, somewhat rigid bristles ;
asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, globose, echinulate, 20u;
paraphyses clavate at the apices. (Plate VII. fig. 41.)

Peziza trechispora—B., and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,”
xviii, 1846, p. 77; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” 2022; “ Grevillea,”
iii. fig. 103; “ Mycogr.,” fig. 129. Lachnea trechispora—
Gill, “ Champ.,” p. 77, ei

Exs.—Cooke, “Fung. Brit.” i. 288; Rabh., “ Fung.
Eur.,” 26.

On damp ground in woods. Autumn.

Cups 4 of an inch or more broad; marginal hairs
fener tapering upwards, short, septate, brown, 1 line
ong.

Name—zpayte, rough, erépoc, seed; rough-spored.

King’s Cliffe; Aboyne; Hornstock ; Powerscourt
(Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Bristol; Batheaston (Mr. ©. E.
Broome). Forres, N.B. (Rev. Dr. Keith). Scot’s Gap,
Cambridgeshire (Mr. C. H. Spencer Perceval). Ventnor,
Isle of Wight (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Glamis, N.B: (Rev.
J. Stevenson). Dinmore, near Hereford! Bomere Pool,
near Shrewsbury! Ercall Wood, Wellington, Salop!
Duk Wenlock Edge, Salop! Highgate (Dr. M. ©
Yooke).

LACHNEA, 219

(b) Epispore smooth.
21. Lachnea hinnulea. (B. and Br.)

Cups scattered, sessile, hemispherical, then expanded,
flexuose, marginate, between fleshy and waxy, chestnut-
brown ; margin fimbriate, with short brown hairs; asci
cylindrical; sporidia 8, globose, with one large gutta,
smooth, 12—14u; paraphyses clavate at the apices.

Peziza hinnulea—B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No.
1320* ; “ Grevillea,” ii. p. 129, 154; Cooke, “ Mycogr.,”
fig. 52. Peziza psammophila—Berk. and Curtis, ined.

Exs.—Roumg., “ Fung. Gal.,” 2768.

On the ground amongst grass. Autumn.

Name—Hinnuleus, a young fawn ; from the colour.

Powerscourt (Berkeley and Broome).

B. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC.
(a) Epispore asperate.
(a) Hymenium red, scarlet, or orange.

22. Lachnea umbrorum. (Fckl.)

Cups scattered, sessile, at first hemispherical, then
expanded, nearly plane, fleshy, vermilion, or flesh-coloured,
paler when dry; clothed externally with short, bay,
septate, rather rigid bristles; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8,
broadly elliptic, nearly globose, tuberculate, 20—22 x 18;
paraphyses clavate at the apices, filled with red granules.

Peziza wmbrorum—Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” fig. 188. Hu-
maria umbrorwm—Fck1, “Symb. Myco.,” p. 323. Peziza
wmbrosa—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. 85 (in part); B. and
Br, “Ann. Nat. Hist.,” 1866, No. 1168, t 4, f. 28
(var. with globose sporidia). Peziza wmbrata—Cooke,
“ Handbk.,” No. 2024. Lachnea wmbrorwm— Gill,
“Champ.,” p. 209, ¢ i

Exs.—Fckl, “F. Rh.” No. 2080; Phil. “Elv, Brit.,”
No. 65.

On damp ground in woods. Autumn,

220 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Cups 8 to 5 lines broad; marginal hairs short, rather
stout, septate, brown.

Name—Umbrosus, shady ; growing in the shade.

Berwick (Dr. Johnstone). Wrexham! (Mr. B. Acton).
Colwyn Bay (Dr. M. C. Cooke).

23. Lachnea hirta. (Schum.)

Cups sessile, scattered, subhemispherical, fleshy;
margin somewhat inflexed; clothed externally with
brown septate hairs, those on the margin short and
slender; hymenium concave, scarlet; asci cylindrical ;
sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic, asperate, 25 x 104; para-
phgies clavate at the apices, filled with orange granules.

Peziza hirta—Schum., “Saell.,” p. 422; Fries, “Sys.
Myco.,” ii. 84; Pers, “Myco. Eur.” p. 245; Crouan,
“Flo. Fin.” p. 51; B. and Br. “Ann. Nat. Hist,” No.
557, 768; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2021; “Mycogr.,” fig.
128. Peziza scutellata—Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,” ii, 187;
- eral iii. fig. 218. Lachnea hirta—Gill., “Champ.,”
p. 75, ¢ 1.

Exs.—Cooke, “Fung. Brit.” i. 576, ii. 187; Phil,
“Ely. Brit.” 19; Wright, “Cub.” 671; Rabh., “ Fung.
Eur.,” 27.

On the ground, ete. Autumn.

Cups 23 lines broad; marginal hairs short, slender,
septate, brown, 200 to 300u long (Cooke).

Name—Hirtus, hairy.

Wimbledon Common (Mr. C. E. Broome). Coed Coch
(Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Wareham (Rev. W. Smith).
Epping Forest ; Dalmeny; Ken Wood, Hampstead; and
Highgate (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr.
Keith), Llanrwst, North Wales! near Shrewsbury!

(8B) Hymenium yellow.
24, Lachnea vitellina. (Pers.)

Cups subcespitose, sessile, hemispherical, at length
expanded and flexuose; margin furnished with brown,
septate bristles; hymenium bright yellow; asci cylin-

LACHNEA. 221

drical; sporidia 8, broadly elliptic, asperate, 22 x 15u
paraphyses clavate at the apices, filled with yellow
granules.

Pexza vitellina—Pers., “Myco. Eur.,” p. 257; Fries,
“Sys. Myco.,” ii, 84; “Eng. Flo.” v. p. 193; Cooke,
“ Handbk.,” No. 2023; B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,”
1866, No. 1163*, t. 4, f 29; “Grevillea,” iii. fig. 110;
Cooke, “Mycoer.,” fig. 148. Lachnella vitellina—Gill.,
“Champ.,” p. 74.

On the ground. Autumn.

Cups 24 lines broad; hairs rather long, septate,
coloured.

Name—Vitellus, the yolk of an egg; from its colour.

Appin (Carmichael). Wareham (Mr. C. E. Broome).
Coed Coch, North Wales (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Worlaby!
(Mr. C. H Spencer Perceval).

(y) Hymenium livid.
25. Lachnea livida. (Schum.)

Cups gregarious, sessile, hemispherical, becoming
plane; externally fuliginous, clothed with long, strigose,
septate, brown hairs, those on the margin short, stout,
and obtuse; hymenium livid-glaucous; asci cylindrical ;
sporidia 8, broadly elliptic, minutely asperate, 20 x 10u;
paraphyses linear, clavate at the apices.

Peziza livida—Schum., “Saell.,” ii, p. 422; “Flo.
Dan.,” t. 1915, f. 3. Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. 86; Weinm.,
p. 438; “Grevillea,” iii, fig. 222; Cooke, “ Mycogr.,”
fig. 1389. Peziza scutellata—Batsch., “ Cont.,” f 154.
Humaria livida—Fck1., “Symb. Myco.,” 322 (2). Lachnea
livida—GilL, “Champ.,” p. 73.

On rotten wood. Spring.

Cups 24 lines broad; marginal hairs short, broad
obtuse, septate, brown, 200 to 250ulong. Peziza cerulea
(Bolt., “Fung.,” t. 108, fig. 2) is allied to this species
(Cooke).

Name—Lividus, a pale lead-colour.

Dumfriesshire (Sir W. Jardine).

222, BRITISH DISCOMYCETES,

(b) Epispore smooth.
(a) Hymeniwm red or orange.
26. Lachnea carneo-sanguinea. (Fckl.)

Cups scattered or gregarious, fleshy, sessile; externally,
as well as the straightly elevated margin, dilutely brown,
clothed with short, septate, rather slender, brown hairs;
hymenium at first concave, then plane, between flesh-
colour and blood-red; asci cylindrical, stipitate; sporidia
8, elliptic, 2 to 3-guttulate, smooth, dilutely flesh-coloured,
20 x 10u; paraphyses simple, clavate at the apices.

umaria carneo-sanguinea—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,”
p. 826; “ Grevillea,” iii. fig. 107.

Exs.—Fekl., “F. Rh.,” No. 2288.

On the ground.

Cups 1 to 2 lines broad (Fck1.).

oe ee flesh, sanguis, blood; blood-red, flesh-
colour.

27. Lachnea wmbrata. (Fries.)

Sessile, fleshy, concave or nearly plane; hymenium
vermilion flesh-colour, when dry paler, clothed with
short, rigid, brown, septate hairs; asci cylindrical ;
sporidia elliptic, smooth, 18 x 94; paraphyses thickened
upwards. .

Pezxiza umbrata—Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan.,” p. 351;
Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 69; “Grevillea,” iii. fig. 112 ;
Cooke, “ Mycogr.,” 137. Peziza wmbrosa—Fries, “ Sys.
Myco.,” ii. 85 (in part); Kickx., “Flo. Flan,” i. p. 491.

On the ground. Autumn.

Cups 3 lines broad; marginal hairs short, delicate,
somewhat flexuous, septate (Cooke, J. ¢.).

Name—Umbra, a shade; shaded.

Surrey (Mr. T. Howse). Clifton, Bristol! (Mr. QC.
Bucknall). Shelton Rough, Shrewsbury ! “a

28. Lachnea seutellata, (Linn.)

Cups gregarious, sessile, hemispherical, at length
plane; externally red, hispid towards the margin with

LACHNEA, 223

straight, long, septate, black-brown hairs ; hymenium ver-
milion-red ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, broadly elliptic,
granular within smooth, 20—22 x 11—13,; paraphyses
clavate at the apices, filled with orange granules.

Peziza scutellata—Linn., “Suec.,” 458; Fries, “Sys.
Myco.,” ii. 85; Sow., “Fung.,” t. 24; Bull, “Champ.,” p.
247, t. 10; “Flo. Dan..” t. 1457, f. 2; Karst., “Myco.
Fenn.,” p. 70; Weinm., p. 437; Kickx., “Flo. Flan.,” i. p.
491; “Eng. Flo.,” v. 193; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2025 ;
Weberb., 1. t. 8, f. 3; “Grevillea,” iii fig. 114; Cooke,
“ Mycogr.,” fig. 131; Pat., p. 34, f. 81. Hlevela ciliata—
Scheeff,, “Icon.,” t. 284. Peziza ciliata—Hoftm., “ Crypt.,”
ii. p. 25, t. 7, £3; Holms., “ Ot.,” ii. p. 56, t. 18. Octospora
scutellata—Sch., “ Flo. Bar.,” ii. 504, Octospora hirta—
Hedw., “ Mus. Frond.,” t. 8, B. Humaria scutellata—
Fekl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 321. Lachnea scutellata—Gill.,
“ Champ.,” p. 75.

Exs.—F ck]., “F. Rh,” 1210; Desm., “ Crypt. Fr.,” i.
702; Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” 144; Phil, “ Elv. Brit.,” 64;
Roumg., “ Fung. Gal.” 2948 ; Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,” ed. ii.
No. 554.

On rotten wood in damp places. Autumn.

Cups 23 to 3 lines broad; marginal hairs long (600n),
septate, brown, attenuated in the upper half.

Name—Scutella, a little saucer.

King’s Cliffe ; Bodelwyddan, North Wales ; Coed Coch,
North Wales; Stanton, Aboyne (Rev. M. J. Berkeley).
Langridge, Somerset (Mr. C. E. Broome). Argyleshire
(Paterson). Wingfield; Abinger, Surrey; Sutton Park,
Birmingham ; Edinburgh, Glasgow (Dr. M. ©. Cooke).
Fern, N.B. (Rev. J. Fergusson). Preston, Salop (Rev. W.
Houghton). Wrexham! (Mr. B. Acton). Llyn Idwell,
North Wales! Downton, near Ludlow! Aberystwith !
Bomere Pool, near Shrewsbury! Almond Park, near
Shrewsbury !

29. Lachnea stercorea. (Fries.)

Cups gregarious, sessile, fleshy, when young closed
and subglobose, then concave, at length plane, dingy red,

224 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

beset with brown septate hairs of two kinds—marginal
long, rigid, ciliating, below stellate or peltate; hyme-
nium red or dull red; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, broadly
elliptic, smooth, 20—22 x 8—9u; paraphyses clavate at
the apices, filled with red granules.

Peziza stercorea—Pers., “ Obs.,” ii. p. 89; Fries, “Sys.
Myoco.,” ii. 87; Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 71; Weinm., p.
439; Crouan, “Flo. Fin.,” p. 52; Kickx., “Flo. Flan.,” i.
491; “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 194; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No.
2028; “Grevillea,” iii. fig, 117; “Mycogr.,” fig. 147.
Peziza lutea—Reich. in “ Berl. Ges. Natur.,” iii. p. 216,
t.4,£7. Peziza equina— Flo. Dan.,” t. 779, f 3; Sow.,
“Fung.” t. 352. Octospora scutellata—Hedw., “ Mus.
Frond.,” ii. t. 3, f. aA. Peziza scutellata—Bolt., “ Fung.,”
t. 108, £1. Peziza ciliata—Bull., “Champ.,” p. 257, t.
438, £.2. Humaria stercorea—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,” p.
321. Lachnea stercorea—Gill., “Champ.,” p. 76.

Exs.—FcklL., “ F. Rh.,” 2081 (?); Karst., “ Fung. Fenn.,”
633. :
On cow, horse, and rabbit dung, and rich soil. Spring
and summer.

Name—Stercus, dung; from its habitat.

Wood Newton; West Farleigh; Caradoc; Coed Coch
(Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Epping Forest and Highgate (Dr.
M. C. Cooke). Jedborough (Sir W. Jerdon). Twycross
(Rev. A. Bloxam). Wrekin, Salop !

30. Lachnea coprinaria. (Cooke.)

Cups subgregarious, sessile, fleshy, hemispherical, then
plane; margin elevated, orange-red or scarlet, clothed
with pale, brown, septate hairs ; asci cylindrical ; sporidia
8, elliptic, smooth, 18—20 x 104; paraphyses clavate at
the apices, filled with orange granules.

Peziza coprinaria—Cooke in “ Grevillea,” iv. p. 91;
“ Mycogr.,” fig. 149.

On cow-dung. Autumn.

Cups 5 lines broad; external cells of cup very large ;
marginal hairs long, simple, septate, 4 mm. long, mixed
with others that are shorter, mostly confined to the

LACHNEA. 225

margin, not branched or steHate. Cups remain flattened
in drying (Dr. M. C. Cooke).

Name—Ooprus, dung; from its habitat.

Loughton, Essex (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Rannoch, N.B.
(Dr. Buchanan White). Batheaston (Mr. C. E. Broome),

31. Lachnea rubra. (Cooke.)

Cups gregarious, fleshy, subglobose, becoming ex-
panded ; margin elevated, orange-red, beset with short,
brown, septate hairs; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, elliptic,
smooth, 18—20 x 10u; paraphyses clavate at the apices.

Peziza rubra—Cooke in “ Mycogr.,” fig. 152. Peziza
theleboloides (A. and §.), var. rubra—Cooke in “ Fung.
Brit.,” ser. i. No. 572; “ Grevillea,” iii. fig. 119.

Exs.—Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” i. 572, 11, 186.

On spent hops.

Cups about 24 lines broad; hairs reddish brown,
about 200u long, two or three times as thick as in P.
theleboloides, with which species it has been confounded.
Although growing. in company, there appears to be good
grounds for regarding them as distinct (Dr. M. C. Cooke,
l. ¢.).

Name—FRuber, red.

Batheaston, near Bath (Mr. C. E. Broome)

(B) Hymenium yellow.
32. Lachnea theleboloides. (A. and §.)

Cups gregarious or crowded, fleshy, at first subglobose,
then hemispherical, at length expanded, flexuose; ex-
ternally whitish, clothed with slender, septate, nearly
colourless hairs ; hymenium pale yellow ; asci cylindrical ;
sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, 12—14 x 74; paraphyses
filiform, clavate at the apices.

Peziza theleboloides—A. and §., “Consp.,” p. 322, t.
12, f. 4; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. 88; Cooke, “ Handbk.,”
No. 2029; B, and Br., * Ann, Nat. Hist.,” No. 1065, t. 15,
fig. 17; “Grevillea,” iii. fig. 118; Cooke, “Mycogr.,” fig.
151. Lachnea theleboloides—Gill., “Champ.,” p. 74.

Q

226 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Exs.—Phil. “Elv. Brit.” 20; Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,”
621; Cooke, “Fung. Brit.” i. 571, ii. 185.

On spent hops.

Cups 24 lines broad; at first obovate or subcylin-
drical, concave, and expanded, when mature of a bright
orange colour within; beset externally with delicate,
erect, white hairs, which are hyaline under the micro-
scope; seated at first on a delicate white subiculum,
which disappears as the plant advances to maturity, and
the cups become crowded (B. and Br.).

Name—Thelebolus, a genus of fungi, ?8oc, likeness ;
Thelebolus-like.

Batheaston, near Bath; Ilford (Mr. C. E. Broome).
Manor House, Ealing! (Mr. C. H. Spencer. Perceval).
Glamis, N.B. (Rev. J. Stevenson). Shrewsbury !

33. Lachnea erecta. (Sow.)

Cups gregarious or crowded, subcylindrical, smooth,
yellowish, at length dilated ; mouth erect, subciliate.

Peziza erecta—Sow. in “ Eng. Fung.,” t. 369, figs. 10,
11; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 69; “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 194;
Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 1996.

“On very wet moss in damp places. Cups 2 lines
high, oblong and upright, but sometimes short and
clumsy, often spreading; sometimes destitute of hairs,
sometimes ciliated, sometimes furnished with both hairs
and ciliz; varying from a deep red to greenish-yellow
and pale yellow ” (Sow., J. ¢.).

“This species is placed by Fries in the series Alewria
and subgenus Humaria; but its affinity seems to be
much greater to the species of the present genus (Sarco-
scypha), if indeed it be not a form of P. theleboloides, A.
and S. The smooth state on moss may possibly be P.
axillaris. Unfortunately, no specimens appear to have
been preserved ” (Berkeley, l. c.).

Dr. Cooke remarks in “Mycographia,” under P.
pulcherrima, Or. (fig. 154), Peziza erecta, Sow., is evi-
dently allied to this species. ,

LACHNEA. 227:

We prefer to retain this, as its alliance is tolerably
evident.
Name—Erectus, erect; from its erect form.

34, Lachnea Dalmeniensis. (Cooke.)

Cups sessile, fleshy, hemispherical, becoming ex-
panded, bright yellow, beset with long erect, septate,
pale yellow hairs; margin elevated; hymenium same
colour; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth,
12 x Tu; paraphyses clavate at the apices.

Peziza Dalmeniensis—Cooke in “Grevillea,”’ iii
p. 66, t. 34, fig. 121; “ Mycogr.,” fig. 153.

Exs.—Phil,, “ Elv. Brit.,” No. 110.

On the ground in shady woods, often amongst
nettles. Autumn.

Cups 5 lines broad; hairs 600u long, septate, tawny

ellow. Resembles in some features P. theleboloides
(Dr. M. C. Cooke).

The hairs in my specimens were pale yellow, nearly
colourless under the microscope.

Name—After Dalmeny in Scotland.

Dalmeny, N.B. (Dr. M. C. Cooke). King’s Lynn!
(Mr. C. B. Plowright). Warlaby, near Lowth ! (Mr. C. H.
Spencer Perceval), Wrekin, Salop!

(y) Hymenium white or pallid.
85. Lachnea bulbo-crinita. Phil.

Cups scattered, sessile, hemispherical, then expanded,
fleshy; externally dusky brown, clothed with long, straight,
brown, septate hairs, bulbous at the base; hymenium
pallid or cinereous; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic,
smooth, 20 x 134; paraphyses filiform.

Peziza bulbo-crinita—Phil., “ Scott. Nat.,” vi. 123.

On dead branches. Autumn.

Cups 14 lines broad, at first elosed, then concave;
margin ciliated with long erect hairs (} a line), inter-
mixed with shorter (300,), all having a bulbous basal
cell. The disc is slate-colour. Allied to Peziza erinacea,

228 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Shwz., but hairs much longer, with a bulbous base, a
darker dise, and paraphyses not enlarged at the summits,
Name—Bulbus, a bulb, crinis, hair; from its bulbous

hairs.
Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith).

86. Lachnea albospadicea. (Grev.)

Cups gregarious, sessile, subglobose, then hemi-
spherical, at length plane, fleshy; external surface and
margin strigose with short, septate, reddish-brown hairs ;
hymenium white; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic,
1-guttulate, smooth, 20 x 9—10u; paraphyses clavate
at the apices.

Peziza albospadicea—Grev., “Flo. Edin,” p. 420;
“Eng. Flo.,” v. 194; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2030;
“Mycogr.,” fig. 141.

On the ground in woods. Autumn.

A fine species, about 2 lines broad, globose when
young, gradually becoming plane; hymenium white,
smooth, with a slight tinge of grey in moist weather.
External surface covered with reddish-brown hairs, which
form also a border to the. hymenium (Grev., J. ¢.).

Hairs very short and delicate, about 100u long
(Cooke, 0. ¢.).

Name— Albus, white, spadiceus, bay ; from the colour.

Foxhall, near Edinburgh (Messrs. Wauch and Greville).
Henbury, near Bristol (Mr. C. H. Spencer Perceval).

37. Lachnea cretea. (Cooke.)

Cups subgregarious, sessile, hemispherical, at length
expanded ; external surface and margin beset with erect,
short, brown, septate hairs; hymenium white; asci
cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic, colourless, smooth,
12—18 x 84; paraphyses linear.

Peziza cretea—Cooke, “ Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin.,” 1877,
p. 46, t. 8, K-N; “Grevillea,” vi. p. 75, t. 97, fig. 4-7;
“ Mycogr.,” fig. 362.

On plaster walls and ceiling exposed to the weather
by the burning of the roof.

LACHNEA. 229

Cups 1 to 23 lines broad; external hairs straight,
attenuated upwards, 150u to 200u long (Dr. Cooke, J. ¢.).

Name—Creta, chalk.

Walls of Inverleith House, Edinburgh! (Professor
Balfour).

Supcenus V.—NEOTTIELLA. Cooke.

Cups sessile; externally albo-tomentose. (Plate VII.
fig. 42.) :
Name—+veorrid, a nest; resembling a little nest.

ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES.

A. Sporidia asperate .. oi he «. species 38
B. Sporidia smooth .. ba Pe a » 39

Kery To THE SPECIES.
Hymenium orange .. as ne fe e+ Cornubiensis,
Hymenium bright scarlet .. oie ae »- erucipila.
Hymenium blue oe os a ae .. caerulea.

A. SPORIDIA ASPERATE.

38. Lachnea Cornubiensis. (B. and Br.)

Cups sessile, fleshy, nearly plane, affixed to the soil
by villous down, the margin alone free ; externally clothed
with delicate, obtuse, septate hairs; hymenium orange;
asci_ cylindrical; sporidia 8, oblongo-elliptic, asperate,
18—22 x 1384; paraphyses linear. (Plate VII. fig. 42.)

Peziza Cornubiensis—B. and Br., “ Ann. Nat. Hist.,”
No. 767; Berk., “Outl,” p. 366; Cooke, “Handbk.,”
No. 1993; “Mycogr.,” fig. 309.

On manured ground. |

Cups $ of an inch broad, depressed. A very fine
species (B. and Br., l. ¢.).

Name—Cornubia, the Latin name of Cornwall.

Penzance (Mr. Tracy Millett).

B. SPORIDIA SMOOTH.

39. Lachnea crucipila. (Cooke and Phil.)

Cups scattered, sessile, fleshy, hemispherical, then
plane; externally pale scarlet, clothed with pale brown,
forked or cruciate, septate hairs; hymenium bright
scarlet; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic,

230 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

smooth, 20 X 9u; paraphyses clavate at the apices, filled
with orange-red -granules.

Peziza crucipila—Cooke and Phil. in “Mycogr.,”
fig. 237; Pat. p. 209, f. 481. Lachnea crucipila—Gill,
“Champ.,” figure only.

Exs.—Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,” ed. ii. 647.

On the earth in shady damp places in woods.
Summer and autumn.

Cups 4 to 1 line broad. The forked hairs, which are
intermixed with simple ones, are 200u long.

Name—Crua, a cross, pilus, the hair.

Downton Castle, Herefordshire! Newport, Salop!
Highgate and Heywood Forest (Dr. M. C. Cooke).

Doubtful species.

Lachnea coerulea. (Bolt.) |

Plane, ciliated, black and smooth externally; hairs
soft, pallid ; disc bright blue. :

Peziza cerulea—Bolt., t. 108, f. 2; Fries, “Sys.
Myco.,” ii p. 86; “Eng. Flo,” v. p. 193; Cooke,
“ Handbk.,” No. 2026. Lachnea coerulea—Gill., “Champ.,”
p. 73.

On putrid wood, in moist places under fir-trees; very
rare. October.

Cups about 2 lines broad.

This has not been observed since Bolton’s time.
May he not have had before him young specimens of
Corticium ceruleum (Fries), which often assume a form
agreeing with his figure? Compare his figure (108, f. 2)
with Sowerby’s 350.

Genus IX.—LAcHNELLA. Fries (amended).

Cups small, stipitate or sessile ; flesh thin, firm, waxy;
externally pilose or villous; asci cylindrical or sub-
clavate; sporidia 8, colourless; paraphyses filiform or
acerose. (Plates VII., VIII. figs. 43-49.)

Name—Diminutive of the preceding genus. |

LACHNELLA. 231

ARRANGEMENT OF THE SUBGENERA.

I. Dasyscypha .. ae oe ae 1-36
Il. Lachnella .. a oe as as «. 37-70

III. Fibrina oe oe a ee ‘a «» TL-73
Key To THE SUBGENERA.
Cups furnished with a stem . 2% “a «- Dasyscypha.
Cups sessile or subsessile .. iss ws I
1. rie dry ; cups externally fibroso- striate .. .. Fibrina.
Flesh softer ; cups externally pilose or villous .. Lachnella.

SECTION I.—STIPITATE.
Suscenus I.—DasyscypHa. Fries.

Cups slender, waxy, dry; disc glabrous; externally
ilose or villous, ‘stipitate ; paraphyses filiform or acerose.
(Plates VIL, VIII. tigs. 43-46.)

ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES.

A. Hairs of cup coloured. s
(a) Sporidia elliptic.
(a) Paraphyses filiform .. -- species 1
(8) Paraphyses acerose se a » 2
(b) Sporidia fusiform.
(a) Paraphyses filiform .. ss » 3-5
(8) Paraphyses acerose.. oe » 6-10
B. Hairs of cup hyaline.
(a) Sporidia globose.
(a) Paraphyses filiform .. oe » tll
(b) Sporidia oblong-elliptic.
(a) Paraphyses filiform .. ee » 12-14
(ec) Sporidia fusiform.
(a) Paraphyses filiform .. ee » 15-22

(8) Paraphyses acerose » 23-32
(d) Sporidia elongato fusiform or aliform,
(a) Paraphyses acerose .. 9 33-35

0. Position doubtful ; sporidia subglobose . ie » 30

Kesy To THE SPrciss.
A. HAIRS OF CUP COLOURED.

Hymenium some shade of brown .. ag ee
Hymenium yellowish .. ce ee «. cerina.
Hymenium pallid... we 2
Externally sugar-coloured ; paraphyses filiform .. Stevensoné,.
Externally tawny; paraphyses filiform .. .. fuscescens.
1.4 Externally fawn-colour ; paraphyses acerose .. clandestina.

Externally urnber-brown ; paraphyses acerose .. calyculeformis.
Externally yellowish-brown ; paraphyses acerose.. caulicola.

232 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Externally vinous-brown ; paraphyses filiform ..

g, ) Externally pale brown ; paraphyses filiform os
* ) Externally pale brown; paraphyses acerose as
Externally pale fulvous ; paraphyses acerose sie

B. HAIRS OF CUP HYALINE,

Hymenium fiesh-colour
Hymenium fawn-colour
Hymenium yellow .. .
Hymenium white...
Externally bluish-grey .
Externally straw-colour .
Externally yellow .. .
Externally white or . .

Paraphyses filiform ..

2. Paraphyses acerose .. .
Growing on resin oe
Growing on Luzula sylvatica

Growing on bark i oe

. |
(wergin of cup glabrous

Margin of cup villous ; sporidia minute .
Margin of cup villous; sporidia large .

4.
Margin of cup tomentose ; sporidia medium size ..

Growing on bark or wood .

Growing on Phragmitis ‘

*)Growing on Juncus .. .

Growing on oak-leaves .

6 Sea te filiform .. .
*\Paraphyses aceros

physe Ose 4. .

oe

. ;Growing on fern-stems
Growing on wood oe
Growing on Rhytisma
Growing on Myrica Gale

8. «Growing on bark, wood, ete... .
Growing on fern-fronds . .
(Growing on leaves...

é re of cup surmounted with globose, echinulate,

{ermine on pine-leaves
7

re ee er ee ee er er)
fe .
.

ee © © © we ee ew
°

crystalline heads ie hs
Hairs of cup without crystalline heads .. .
0. Position doubtful .. aes

A. HAIRS OF CUP COLOURED.

(a) Sporidia elliptic.
(a) Paraphyses filiform.

diplocarpa.
trichodea.
brunneola.
palearum.

nuda.
apala.
1

6
tricolor.
luteola.
solfatera.

3

5
resinaria.
luzulina.

cupressina.
subtilissima.
calycina.
‘pygmea.
ete
bicolor.
acutipila,
diminuta,
patula.
7

8

acuum.
aspidticola.
nivea.
Rhytesmz,
crucifera,
virgined.
filicea.

9

echinulata,
ciliaris,
erythrostigma.

1. Lachnella diplocarpa. (Currey.)

Cups stipitate, hemispherical, then nearly plane;
externally vinous-brown, clothed, as well as the stem,

?

LACHNELLA. 233

with dense, short, reddish-brown, septate hairs; hyme-
nium waxy, subglaucous, greenish-olive; margin slightly
infiexed, fimbriate; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8,
elliptic, guttulate, 10—12 x 34; paraphyses filiform,
apices clavate, acuminate. (Plate VIT. fig. 43.)

Peziza diplocarpa—Curr., “Linn. Trans.,” xxiv. p.
158, t. 25, f. 30-33 ; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” 2047.

On the ground. November.

Cups $ of an inch wide; margin slightly inflexed and
surrounded by a ring of hairs of a pale umber, forming a
marked contrast in colour with the reddish brown outer
hairs; disc waxy, somewhat glaucous, of a greenish
olive colour; sporidia elliptic, with a nucleus at each
extremity, usually slightly narrowed at each end, ‘0003
inch (7) long ; paraphyses filiform, terminating in spore-
like bodies, the latter 2 to 4-septate, acuminate at the
apex, and tapering to the junction with the filament,
varying much in length, from ‘0008 to 0018 inch (20u to
5Ou). Allied to P. rufo-olivacea—A. and S. (Currey).

Besides the peculiar bodies Mr. Currey regarded as
the paraphyses, I find in the original specimen slender
filiform paraphyses. (Plate VII. fig. 43.)

Name—éimddog, double, capwéc, fruit; having two
kinds of fruit.

Joydens Wood, Dartford! (Mr. F. Currey).

(8) Paraphyses acerose.
2. Lachnella cerina. (Pers.)

Cups. gregarious or crowded, shortly stipitate or sub-
sessile, hemispherical, at length nearly plane, yellowish-
olive, furfuraceo-villose ; hairs brown, asperate; hyme-
nium yellowish or dull olive-yellow; margin connivent ;
asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic, 6 x 3u;
paraphyses slenderly acerose, exceeding the asci. (Plate
VII. fig. 44.)

Peziza cerina—Pers., “Syn. ey of 651; Fries,
“Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 92; “ ‘Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 195; Holms.,
ii, t. 20; Nees, f 283; “ Flo. Daa, ” t. 1620 (lower fig.) ;

234 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Nyl., “Pez. Fenn.,” p. 25; Karst., “Mon. Pez.,” 184;
Cooke, “Handbk.,” 2086. Dasyscypha cerina—Fckl.,
“Symb. Myco.,” p. 305. Helotiwm cerinwm—Karst.,
“ Myco. Fenn.,” p.156. Lachnea cerina—Gill., “ Champ.,”
. 70, @ i.

: Exs—Rabh., “Herb. Myco.,” 628; Fekl., “F. Rh,”
1204; Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” 319; Phil, “Elv. Brit.,”
118; Roumg.,, “ Stirpes,” 264.

On dead wood. September to June.

Cups 4 to 4 a line broad; texture dry and firm.
The stem when present is blackish, expanding into the
dull olive-yellow cups. The hairs are decidedly rough,
and yellowish-brown. Karsten says the hairs are
articulate; I do not see them so in the specimens I
examined, which were named by Persoon himself in
Gay’s collection in Herb. Kew.

Name—Cera, wax ; wax-coloured.

Middletown, Montgomeryshire! Shelton, near Shrews-
bury! Craven Arms, Salop! Llanyblodwell! Dinmore,
Hereford ! Stapleton Park, near Bristol ! (Mr. C. Bucknall).
Near Aberdeen! (J. W. H. Trail).

(b) Sporidia fusiform.
(a) Paraphyses filiform.
8. Lachnella trichodea. (Phil. and Plow.)

Cups gregarious or scattered, shortly stipitate, at first
globose, then hemispherical, pale brown, clothed with
rather long, fulvous, rigid hairs; hymenium pallid-white ;
asci clavate-cylindrical; sporidia 8, biseriate, oblong-
elliptic, biguttulate, 7 x 1-5y.

Peziza trichodea—Phil. and Plow. in “ Grevillea,” iii.
p. 125, t. 42, f. 4

Exs.—Phil, “ Elv. Brit.,” 69.

Cups 20 to 30u broad; the asci, 830 x 54. The hairs
are mostly without septa, and thickened at the base.

On dead pine-leaves. Autumn.

Name—pié, hair, e?3o0c, resemblance ; like hair.

LACHNELLA. 235

Trefriw, North Wales! Ercall Hill, Salop! Marsh
Brook, Salop! General Cemetery, Shrewsbury !

4, Lachnella Stevensoni. (B. and Br.)

Minute, subglobose, sugar-coloured ; externally granu-
lar; stem very short, incrassated upwards; asci clavate ;
sporidia 8, minute, subcymbeform, 8 x 2u; paraphyses
filiform, slender.

Peziza (Mollisia) Stevensoni—B. and Br., “ Ann. Nat.
Hist.,” No. 1485; “Grevillea,” iii. p. 122.

On decorticated wood.

Sporidia ‘0005 inch (12u) long. This is accompanied
by creeping threads, which give off erect branches bear-
ing obovate spores ‘001° inch (254) long. Probably a
conidiiferous state (B. and Br.).

The specimens in the Rev. M. J. Berkeley’s herbarium
are minutely hairy ; hairs delicate, nearly colourless ; cups
200 to 205u broad; the stem nearly absent, or rather
long ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, oblongo-fusiform, 8 x 2u;
paraphyses filiform, slender.

Name—After the Rev. J. Stevenson.

5. Lachnella fuscescens. (Pers.)

Cups scattered, stipitate, at first globose, then hemi-
spherical, tawny, clothed with bay-brown hairs; hyme-
nium pale brown; stem very short; asci cylindraceo-
clavate; sporidia linear, obtuse, 10 x lu; paraphyses
filiform.

Peziza fuscescens—Pers.,, “Syn. Fung,” p. 654;
“Myco. Eur.,” p. 265; A. and S., “Consp.,” 325; Fekl.,
“Symb. Myco.,” p. 309; Phil. “Grevillea,” iii. p. 188;
B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 1622; “ Grevillea,” v.
p. 61; Cooke, “ Carp. Grevillea,” p. 127, t. 40, f. 154.

Exs.—Fckl., “ F. Rh.,” 1168; Roumg., “ Fung. Gal.,”
1959.

On the under side of dead beech-leaves. Autumn.

Cups the size of P. brwnneola, which it resembles,
but the paraphyses are not acerose, as in that species.

236 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Name—Fuscus, brown; becoming brown. t
Builth, South Wales!

(B) Paraphyses acerose.

6. Lachnella clandestina. (Bull.)

Cups gregarious, stipitate, turbinate, then cyathiform,
fawn-coloured or brown, clothed with brown septate
hairs; hymenium pallid, often brownish ; stem enlarged
upwards from the darker, woody base; asci clavate-
cylindrical; sporidia 8, fusiform, 5—8 x 154; para-
physes acerose, exceeding the asci.

Peziza clandestina—Bull, “ Champ.,” p. 251 (not fig.);
Pers., “ Obs.,” i. p. 41; “Myco. Eur.,” p. 262; Fries, “Sys.
Myco.,” ii. p. 94; “Eng. Flo.” v. p. 195; Johnst., “Flo.
Ber.,” p. 151; Nyl., “Pez. Fenn.,” p. 26; Karst., “ Pez. et
Ascob.,” p. 18; and “Mon. Pez.,” p. 196. Lachnwm clan-
destinwm—Karst., “ Myco. Fenn.,” p. 178. Dasyscypha
clandestina—Fckl., “Sym. Myco.,” p. 305. Lachnea
clandestina—Gill., “Champ.,” p. 69.

Exs.—Desm., “ Crypt. Fr.,” ed. i. 1537, and ed. ii. 1087;
Rabh., “Herb. Myeco.,” ed. ii. 21; Sommf., 100; Karst.,
“ Fung. Fenn.,” 52; Phil., “ Elv. Brit.,” 67 ; Winter, “ Fungi
Eur.,” 2840; Roumg., “Stirpes,” 330.

On dead stems of Rubus Idceus.

Cups $ to 4 a line broad, about the same high; gre-
garious, rather persistent; stem ligneous; cups entire,
closed except when moist, but then concave; the hairs
are rather long, flexuose, pointed, septate, brown.

Name—Clandestinus, hidden ; from lying under dead
leaves.

Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Hawkstone, Salop !

7. Lachnella caulicola. (Fries.)

Cups gregarious, stipitate, turbinato-globose, then
hemispherical, yellowish-brown or pale umber, pubescent
and subfarinaceous, becoming glabrous; hymenium the
same colour; stem half the whole height, but variable;
asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform or oblong-

LACHNELLA. 237

fusiform, 7 x 14; paraphyses acerose, slender, exceeding
the asci.

Pexiza canlicola—Fries, “Sys. Myeco.,” ii, p. 94; B.
and Br., “ Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 310; Nyl, “Pez. Fenn.,”
p. 26; Karst, “Mon, Pez.,” p. 197; Cooke, “ Handbk.,”
No. 2036; Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 308. Helotium cauli-
cola—Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 184 Lachnea caulicola
—Gill, “ Champ.,” 69.

On dead herbaceous stems. Winter and summer.

Cups 500—700u broad. The hairs are short, slender,
flexuous, asperate, with a few granules at oxalate of lime
on their apices.

Name—Cawulis, a stem, colo, to iehiabit

Rudloe (Rev. M.J. Berkeley).

8. Lachnella calyculeformis. (Schum.)
Sub-infundibuliform, umber-brown ; margin erect; ex-
ternally villous, as well as the very short, rather thick
stem; hymenium yellowish brown; asci cylindraceo-
clavate ; sporidia 8, subfusiform, 10—12 x 2u; paraphyses
acerose.

Peziza calyculeformis—Schum., “Saell.,” p. 425;
Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 94; Karst., “Mon. Pez.,” p.
196; B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,” Nos. 959 and 1164;
Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2037. Lachnum calyculeformis
—Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 178. Lachnea calycule-
formis—GilL, “ Champ.,” p. 69.

On dead wood.

About # of a line broad. “Our plant agrees with
Schumacher’s in habit; it is not, however, scattered in
growth. It has a decidedly dark brown stem, which is
smooth ; and the margin is rather connivent than erect”
(B. and Br,, 0. ¢.).

Name—Calia, a cup, forma, form; from the shape.

Mossburnford (Mr. A. Jerdon). Twycross (Rev. A.
Bloxam).

Var. latebricola. (Rehm, “ Asco.,” No. 111.)

Sporidia 6—7 x 2°54 (Rehm). I find them 9—
10 x 2-5,

208 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Name—Latebricola, one that dwells in hiding.
On twigs of Rhododendron.
Batheaston ! (Mr. C. E. Broome).

9. Lachnella brunneola. (Desm.)

Cups scattered, stipitate, at first globose, then plane,
marginate, pale brown, villose; hairs septate, obtuse ‘
hymenium pallid-white ; stem very short, glabrous, ivory-
white; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform or
oblong-fusiform, 6—10 x 2u; paraphyses acerose, stoutish,
exceeding the asci.

Peziza brunneola—Desm., “Ann. Se. Nat.,” 1841,
ser. ii. vol. xvii. p. 96; Phil., “ Grevillea,” iii, 125, t. 42,
fig. 2. Lachnum brunneolum—Karst., “ Myco. Fenn.,” p.
180. Lachnea brunneola—Gill, “Champ.,” p. 67.

Exs.—Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” ed. i. 1156. ed. ii. 656 ;
Karst., “ Fung. Fenn.,” 826 ; Phil., “Elv. Brit.,” 28.

On both sides of decayed oak and Spanish chestnut
leaves. Summer and autumn.

Cups 500—800u broad; stem very short, glabrous;
hairs very pale greyish-brown, septate, obtuse, with a
group of granules of oxalate of lime on the summits.

Name—Brunneus, deep brown ; brownish.

Trefriw, North Wales! Brockley Coombe, near Bristol
(Mr. C. Bucknall).

Var. fagicola. Phil.

Cups scattered, stipitate, at first globose, then hemi-
spherical, dark brown, clothed with rather short, stout,
septate, brown, obtuse hairs ; hymenium the same colour ;
stem slender, enlarged upwards; asci cylindraceo-clavate ;
sporidia 8, fusiform, acute at the ends, 7—10 x 2u; para-
physes acerose, broad, exceeding the asci.

Peziza brunneola, var. fagicola—Phil. in herb.

On beech-mast. May.

Cups 300—500y broad; the hairs rather short, stout,
septate, obtuse, masses of oxalate of lime at the apices ;

the paraphyses are broad, and are one-third longer than
the asci.

LACHNELLA. 239

Very similar to LZ. brunneola; it is a much darker
colour, and the hairs are stouter and more granular
within.

Name—Fagus, the beech, colo, to inhabit; from the
habitat.

Brockley Coombe, near Bristol! (Mr. C. Bucknall).

10. Lachnella palearum. (Desm.)

Cups scattered, stipitate, hemispherical, then ex-
panded, pale fulvous, tomentose; hairs rather short,
septate, fulvous, obtuse ; hymenium concave, pallid-white,
margin ciliated ; stem rather long, enlarged upwards into
the cup, base darker, firm; asci cylindraceo-clavate ;
sporidia 8, oblong or oblong-fusiform, 10—13 x 2u;
paraphyses acerose, exceeding the asci.

Peziza palearum—Desm., “Ann. Sc. Nat.,” 1846;
Karst., “ Mon. Pez.,” p. 195; Phil. “Grevillea,” iv. p. 121;
Fekl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 308. Peziza clandestina, p.
patens—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 94 (2); BB. patula—
A. and &., p. 286 (2). Peziza Schweinitzvi—Auersw. in
Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” nov. ed. No.1118. Lachnea patens
—Karst., “Symb.,” p. 250. Lachnum patens—Karst.,
“Fung. Fenn.,” p. 179; Mich., vii. p. 380. Lachnea
palearum—Gill., “ Champ.,” p. 67.

Exs.—Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” ed. i. 1417, ed. ii. 917;
Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” nov. ed. 1118; Phil., “ Elv. Brit.,” 68 ;
Rhem, “Asco.,” 156; Thum., “Fung. Aus.,” 828; and
“Mycoth. Univ.,” 121; Fekl., “F. Rh.,” 1181; Roumg.,
“Fung. Gal.,” 540.

On decayed culms of Psamma arenaria, and other
grasses.

Cups 300—400u broad, nearly the same high. The
short, septate hairs cover the whole of the exterior, and
often have a few granules of oxalate of lime on their
apices. Asci 50u long, and 5 broad.

Name—Palea, chaff; growing on chaff.

North Wootton, Norfolk (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Man-
gotsfield, near Bristol (Mr. C. Bucknall); Grantown, N.B.
(Rev. Dr. Keith). Water Orton! (Mr. W. B. Grove).

240 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

B, HAIRS OF CUP HYALINE,
(a) Sporidia globose.
(a) Paraphyses filiform.
11. Lachnella Cupressi. (Batsch.)

Cups gregarious, sessile or with a short stem, at first
pyriform, then almost hemispherical, at length nearly
plane, between fleshy and waxy; margin entire, rather
obtuse, glabrous ; base and stem villose white ; hymenium
orange-yellow; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, globose,
smooth, 9—10u; paraphyses slender, apices slightly en-
larged. (Plate VIII. fig. 45.)

Peziza Cuwpressi—Batsch, “EL,” p. 119. Peziza
cupressina—Pers., “Syn. Fung.,” p. 667; Fries, “Sys.
Myco.,” ii. p. 185; Karst., “Mon. Pez.,” p. 122; Gonn. and
Rabh., “ Myco. Eur.,” iii. p. 9, t. 5, £ 9; Karst., “ Myco.
Fenn.,” p.63. Pithya cupressina—F ck1, “ Symb. Myco.,”
p. 317. Phialea ewpressina—Gill., “ Champ.,” 107.

Exs.—Desm., “ Crypt. Fr.,” ed. ii. No. 19; Karst.,
“Fung. Fenn.,” 149; Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” 122; Winter,
“Fungi Eur.,” 2966.

On leaves of Juniperus Sabina.

Cups about 1 line broad,

Name—Cupressus, the cypress; from its habitat
when found by Batsch.

Brandon, Norfolk! (Mr. C. B. Plowright).

(b) Sporidia oblong-elliptic.
(a) Paraphyses filiform.
12. Lachnella tricolor, (Sow.)

Cups gregarious, stipitate, hemispherical, waxy ; ex-
ternally pale blue or bluish-grey, villose with slender,
septate, nearly colourless hairs; stem very short, rather
stout, nearly white; hymenium yellowish; asci clavat2-
cylindrical; sporidia 8, narrowly elliptic, smooth, biseriate,
13—15 x 2u; paraphyses filiform, slender,

Peziza tricolor—Sow. in “Eng. Fung.,” t. 369, f. 6;

LACHNELLA. 241

Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 184; “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 204;
Berk., “Outl.,” p. 368; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No 2042.
Peziza Godroniana—Mont., “ Syll.,” p. 185.

Exs.—Moug. and Nest., No. 1189.

On bark and wood.

Cups about 3 a line broad.

This is a very rare species, easily recognized hy its
bluish-grey exterior.

Name—Tricolor, three-coloured ; from the disc, cup,
and stem being different colours.

Ripon (Mr. W. Brunton).

13. Lachnella calycona. (Schum.)

Cups gregarious or scattered, often czespitose, stipitate,
at first hemispherical, then expanded, waxy; externally
white, villose; hymenium orange-yellow ; margin entire ;
stem short, rather stout, enlarged upwards into the base
of the cup; asci cylindrical or subclavate; sporidia 8,
oblong-elliptic or fusiform, smooth, 18—22 x 74; para-
physes filiform, scarcely thickened upwards.

Peziza calycina—Schum., “Saell.,” p. 424; Fries,
“Sys. Myco.,” i. p. 91 (in part); “Eng. Flo.,” v. 195 (in
part); Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2034. Peziza laricis—
Rehm, “Grevillea,” iv. p. 169. Lachnea calycina—
Gill, “Champ.,” p. 71. Peziza Willkommii—R. Hartig.,
“Krank. Waldb.”

Exs.—Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,’ i. 474, ii, 369; Rehm,
“ Asco.,” 62; Fckl, “F. Rh.,” 1206; Thum., “Herb Myco.,”
191; Phil. “Elv. Brit.” No. 22; Winter, “Fungi Eur.,”
14226; Cooke, “Fung. Brit.” ed. ii. 369, 370.

On bark of larch and Scotch firs.

Dr. Cooke has pointed out the fact that two different
species have been included by authors under this name,
the one having much smaller sporidia than the other.
The one with the smaller sporidia he has named P. sub-
tilissima (Cooke) ; the other he regards as Schumacher’s
species. The synonymy is rendered somewhat uncertain
by this fact, and only such references have been given
above as have been verified.

R

242 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Cups $ to 1 line broad. as

This excessively common but very pretty British
species can be distinguished from L. swbtiltssima (Cooke)
chiefly by the size of the sporidia. The cups when young
are nearly globose, the stem barely visible or quite
absent, the mouth is only a minute pore; when old the
cup expands, exposing the yellow disc, but the margin is
always entire and upright—never recurved.

Name—Calycinus, resembling a calyx.

Var. Trevelyani. Cooke in “ Grevillea,” iii. p. 121.

Distinguished by the larger sporidia (80—35y long),
and by their tendency to become pseudo-uniseptate.

Seotland (Dr. Stirton). Argyleshire (Mr. B. Acton).
Pontesford, Salop !

14. Lachnella resinaria. (Cooke and Phil.)

Cups gregarious, stipitate, at first turbinate, then
somewhat expanded, waxy ; externally white, and clothed,
as well as the short stem, with short villous down;
hymenium pale orange ; margin inflexed ; asci cylindrical ;
sporidia 8, elliptic, hyaline, 5 x 2°54; paraphyses filiform.

Peziza resinaria—Cooke and Phil, “Grevillea,” iii.
p. 185.

Exs.—Phil., “ Elv. Brit.,” 66.

On resin of spruce fir. Spring.

Cups 4 a line broad; the asci are 830—35 x 3—4u.
This species is remarkable amongst the group to which
it belongs for the minuteness of the sporidia.

Name—Resina, resin ; growing on resin.

Trefriw, North Wales!

(ec) Sporidia fusiform.
(a) Paraphyses filiform.
15. Lachnella pygmea. (Fries.)

Cups stipitate, caespitose or single, concave, at length
plane, pale orange, tomentose, as is the thickened, branch-

LACHNELLA. 243

ing stem; hymenium bright orange; asci cylindraceo-
clavate; sporidia 8, fusiform, 11 x 2°54; paraphyses
filiform.

Peziza pygmea—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 79; B.
and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,” 1066, t. 5, f 18, No. 1160%*,
t. 4, f£ 22; “Linn, Trans.,” xxv. p. 432, t. 55, figs. 7-18 ;
Cooke, “ Handbk.,” 2014. Helotiwm pygmeum—Karst.,
“Symb. Myco.,” p. 214; “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 153. Lachnea
pygmea—Gill., “ Champ.,” p. 71.

Eixs.—Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” nov. ed. No. 1120.

On dead twigs of Ulex, buried in the sand. November.

Cups 3 to 6 lines broad. The stem varies in length
according to the depth at which the twig is buried.
Sporidia uniseriate, linear-oblong, ‘0005 to ‘0006 inch long;
about a } of an inch high when full grown, stipitate, the
stem branching out or dividing into several heads, which
form cups. Ihe cups are often proliferous, producing
smaller cups on their surface, of a bright apricot colour,
but whitish towards the margin (B. and Br.).

The tomentum disappears when dry.

Name—Pygmeus, dwarfish ; from the size.

Joyden’s Wood, Dartford (Mr. C. E. Broome). Ascot
(Rev. G. Sawyer). Blackdown Hills, near Taunton, and
Wimbledon (Mr. C. E. Broome).

16. Lachnella comitesse. (Cooke.)

Cups czspitose, or single and gregarious, stipitate, at
first clavate, then expanded and cupulate, pale yellow,
tomentose; hymenium bright golden-yellow; common
stem branching below ; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia
8, fusiform, straight or curved, 6—7°5 x 2°54; paraphyses
filiform.

Peziza comitesse—Cooke, “ Grevillea,” iv. p. 111.

Exs.—Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” ii. m. 371.

On fallen tree. Autumn.

Cups 4 to 14 lines broad ; stems united at the base,
rather stout, expanding upwards into the cup, variable
in length ; flesh soft.

The branching stem resembles that of Peziza p-;gmeea,

244 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

to which this species is allied; the tufts contain from
two to four cups, proceeding from a common stem, or
sometimes single. It is an elegant species dedicated to
the Countess of Kinnoull, on whose estate it was dis-
covered (Dr. Cooke, l. «).

Name—After the Countess of Kinnoull.

Dupplin Castle, Perth (Dr. M. C. Cooke).

17. Lachnella subtilissima. (Cooke.)

Cups gregarious or scattered, stipitate, at first
globose, then hemispherical, at length expanded, waxy ;
externally white, villose; hymenium orange-yellow;
margin entire; stem short, variable in size, enlarging
upwards into the cup; asci cylindrical or subclavate ;
sporidia 8, fusiform, uniseriate, 10—12 x 2u.

Peziza subtilissima—Cooke in “ Grevillea,” iii. p. 121,
fig. 167. Peziza calycina—Nyl., “ Pez. Fenn.,” p. 24 (in
part); Karst., “Pez. et Ascob.,” p. 16; “Mon. Pez.,” 182.
Helotiwm calycinum—Karst., “Myco, Fenn.,” p. 154.

Exs.—Fries, “Sel. Suec.,” 360; Phil, “Elv. Brit.,”
No. 114.

On bark of firs.

This was long confounded with P. calycina (Schum.),
till distinguished by Dr. Cooke (vide l. c.).

Name—Subtilis, delicate ; very delicate.

Scotland (Dr. Greville). Shrewsbury !

18. Lachnella luzulina. Phil.

Cups gregarious or scattered, shortly stipitate, at
first turbinate, then hemispherical, at length nearly
plane; externally white, pubescent; hymenium pale
yellow ; margin entire ; asci clavate; sporidia 8, fusiform,
straight or slightly curved, biseriate, 13 x 34; para-
physes filiform.

Peziza luzwlina—Phil. in “Grevillea,” iv. p. 121.

Exs.—Phil., “ Elv. Brit.,” 71.

On dead Luzula sylvatica, at the base, between the
leaves. Winter.

LACHNELLA. 245

Name—Luzula, a genus of Juncacew; growing on
Luzula.
Conway, North Wales!

19. Lachnella nivea. (Hedw.)

Cups gregarious, stipitate, turbinate, waxy; externally
white, villose-tomentose; hairs slender, hyaline, septate,
obtuse; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, fusiform or oblong-
fusiform, biseriate, 8—10 X 2u; paraphyses filiform.

Peziza nivea—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii p. 90; “ Eng.
Flo.,” v. p. 195; Cooke, “Handbk.,” 2033 (in part).
Lachnea nivea—Gill, “Champ.,” p. 68, ci. Octospora
_nivea—Hedw., t. 8, f. B.

Exs.—Cooke, “Fung. Brit.” No. 559, and ed. ii.
No. 546.

On rotten wood. Autumn.

Cups 4 to 4 aline broad. Externally like P. virginea,
but distinguished by its filiform asci.

Name—Wiveus, snowy ; snow-white.

Attingham Park, near Shrewsbury! Forden, Mont-
gomeryshire ! (Rev. J. E. Vize).

20. Lachnella aspidiicola. (B. and Br.)

White, rather buff when dry; stem very short; cups
concave, subhemispherical; externally furfuraceous floc-
cose; asci very short and slender; sporidia oblong, sub-
clavate, 5—8 x 1—2yu; paraphyses filiform.

Peziza aspidircola—B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,”
No. 771; Berk., “Outl.,” p. 369; Cooke, “ Handbk.,”
2058. Mollisi aspidiicola—Gill., “Champ.,” p. 129.

Exs.—Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,” 565, and ed. ii. No. 547;
Phil, “Elv. Brit.” 26; Kunze, “Fung. Sel,” 596; Rehm,
“ Asco.,’ 560; Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” 1516.

On dead stems of Aspidiwm Filix-mas. November.

Very minute, gregarious, white, rather buff when
dry; stem extremely short, gradually passing into the
subhemispherical cup, which is clothed externally with
minute pellucid scales, mixed with a few obscure hyaline

246 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

flocei; asci very short and slender; sporidia ‘0002 of
an inch long, oblong, subclavate. e

Resembling in its investing coat P. Berkelei, but
differing in colour, in the distinct stem, more open disc,
and in the more minute sporidia. P. aspidii, Libert, is
a more minute species, of a purer, more persistent white,
and with a more tomentose coat (B. and Br., l. c.).

Name—Aspidium, an old genus of ferns, colo, to
inhabit; on ferns.

Orton, Leicestershire (Rev. A. Bloxam). Shrewsbury !

21. Lachnella aewum. (A. and §.)

Cups gregarious or scattered, stipitate, at first globose,
then hemispherical, at length nearly plane; externally
white or roseate-white, villose; hymenium clavate ;
sporidia 8, fusiform or oblong-fusiform, uniseriate,
5 x 15; paraphyses filiform.

Pezza acuuwm—A. and §&., p. 330; Fries, “Sys.
Myco.,” ii, p. 95; Nyl, “Pez. Fenn.,” p. 27; Berk.,
“QOutl,” p. 368; Karst., “Mon. Pez.,” 181. Helotiwm
acwwm—Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 147; Cooke, “Handbk.,”
2137; Gill., “Champ.” p. 161.

Exs.—Desm., i. 1536, ii. 1036; Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,”
322; Fekl., “F. Rh.,” 1153; Phil, “Elv. Brit.,” 163.

On decaying pine-leaves, in damp places.

Cups about 100 to 200u broad; asci 30u long, 5u
wide. The paraphyses are not easily seen, being dif-
fluent in water.

Name—Acus, a needle; a pine-leaf being so called,
on which it grows.

Rose Hill, near Shrewsbury! Forrest N.B. (Rev.
Dr. Keith). Aberdeen! (J. W. H. Trail).

22. Lachnella solfatera. (Cooke and Ellis.)

Cups scattered, hemispherical, very shortly stipitate,
citrine-yellow, tomentose ; hairs short, minutely asperate,
granulato-capitate ; asci subclavate ; sporidia 8, narrowly
fusiform, 8 x 1; paraphyses filiform, slender.

LACHNELLA. 247

Peziza, solfatera—Cooke and Ellis in “ Grevillea,” vii.
p. 7. Peziza pulverulenta—Lib. Auerswald in herb.

On dead pine leaves.

Cups } of a line broad.

A minute and delicate species, nearly allied to L.
pulverulenta (Lib.), of which some may consider it only
a variety. The whole plant when fresh is a clear citrine-
yellow, of which colour the granules on the delicate,
non-septate hairs, and the globose masses at the tips of
the hairs, partake. The asci are about 25u long, and
about 4 broad.

Name—lItalian solfo, sulphur, terra, earth ; from the
-colour.

Clifton, near Bristol! (Mr. Cedrie Bucknall). Car-
lisle! (Dr. Carlyle).

(8) Paraphyses acerose.
23. Lachnella nuda. Phil.

Cups gregarious, plane or convex, stipitate, waxy,
flesh-colour, glabrous; hymenium same colour, undulated ;
stem long, flexuose, expanding into the cup; asci cylin-
draceo-clavate; sporidia 8, fusiform or oblong-elliptic,
hyaline, 5—10 x 2—3u; paraphyses acerose, granular
within, exceeding the asci.

Peziza nuda—Phil, “Seott. Nat.,” vi. 124.

On the ground amongst moss, in a fir wood.

Cups 1 line broad, and 2 lines high.

A large and Helotiwm-like species, having acerose
paraphyses, which have never been observed before in a
perfectly glabrous species, the presence of which fully
justifies placing here. The asci are 500u long, and 4u
broad; the paraphyses are 70u long.

Name—Nudus, naked; nearly devoid of hairs.

Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith).

24, Lachnella luteola. (Curr.)
Cups cespitose, cyathiform, ultimately expanded and
convex, stipitate, pale straw-colour; the edge covered
with very minute, parallel white hairs, giving a some-

248 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

what ribbed or channelled appearance; hymenium the
same colour; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, fusiform,
straight or slightly curved, colourless, 10 x 24; para-
physes acerose, sometimes septate, exceeding the asci.

Helotiwm luteolwm—Curr. in “ Linn. Trans.,” xxiv. p
158; t. 25, f. 11, 12, 18; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” 2138.

On dead stick of gorse, the end of which was sunk in
the mud in a pool of water. May.

Cup } a line broad, } of a line high.

Remarkable in its densely ceespitose and branching
habit, and the paraphyses are very peculiar. Its aquatic
habit is also an unusual character (Currey).

Having examined the original specimen, I have no
hesitation in placing it here. The presence of hairs and
acerose paraphyses forbid it being an Helotiwm.

Name—Luteus, yellow ; yellowish.

Paul’s Cray Common! (Mr. F. Currey).

25. Lachnella virginea. (Batsch.)

Cups gregarious, at first globose, then hemispherical,
stipitate ; externally white, beset with crowded patent
hairs; hymenium white; stem short, rather stout; asci
clavate-cylindrical ; sporidia 8, oblong-fusiform, 5—
10 x 1—2u; paraphyses acerose, exceeding the asci.

Peziza virginea—Batsch. in Pers., “Obs.,” i. p. 28;
and “ Myco. Eur.,” i. p. 262; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii, p. 90;
Mich., t. 86, f. 15; Bull. t. 376, £ 3; Holms., ii. t. 14;
Sow., t. 65; “Eng. Flo.” v. p. 194; Karst., “Pez. et
Ascob.,” 15; and “Mon. Pez.,” 192; Cooke, “Handbk.,”
2032. Dasyscypha virginea—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,” p.
305. Peziza parvula— Flo. Dan.,” t. 1016, f 4 Lach-
num virginewm—Karst., “ Myco. Fenn.,” 169. Lachnea
virginea—Gill., “ Champ.,” p. 68, ¢. i.

Exs.—Fckl., 1208; Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,” 560, and ed.
ii, No. 545; Phil, “Elv. Brit.” 21; Rehm, “ Asco.,” 14;
Winter, “ Fungi Eur.,” 2743. ;

On wood, bark, branches, ete.

Cups about } of a line broad. The acerose paraphyses
at once distinguish this from L. nivea.

LACHNELLA. 249

Name—Vergineus, virgin-like ; pure white.
Forres, N.B. (Rev. Dr. Keith). Overley Hill, Salop!
Brynkinalt, Denbighshire !

26. Lachnella bicolor. (Bull.)

Cups gregarious or czespitose, very shortly stipitate, at
first globose, then expanded, white, tomentose; hairs long,
asperate ; hymenium orange-yellow; asci cylindraceo-
clavate; sporidia 8, linear-fusiform, 8—10 x 1—2n;
paraphyses acerose. (Plate VIII. fig. 46.)

Peziza bicolor—Bull., “ Champ.,” t. 410, f. 3; Sow., t.
17; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. 92; “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 195;
Karst., “ Pez. et Ascob.,” p. 16; and “ Mon. Pez.,”194; “ Flo.
Dan.,” t. 779, f£. 2. Peziza calycona—Nyl., “ Pez. Fenn.,”
24 (in part). Dasyscypha bicolor—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,”
305; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” 2035. Lachnum bicolor—
Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 172. Lachnea bicolor—Gill.,
“ Champ.,” p. 70, ¢. i.

Exs.—Berk., 155; Fekl., 1205; Desm., “ Crypt. Fr.,”
ed, i. 1057; Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” 3; Cooke, “ Fung.
Brit.,” 568, ed. ii. 363; Sommf., 99; Phil. “ Elv. Brit.,”
23; Rehm, “Asco.,” 302; Roumg., “ Fung. Gal.,” 830.

On dead branches of oak.

Cups $ to 4 a line broad; stem short or nearly
absent; asci 60m long, 6m broad; hairs long, flexuose,
rough.

Name—Bis, double, color, colour.

Pulborough (Mr. C. H. Spencer Perceval). Ringstead
(Mr. C. B. Plowright). Leigh Woods, near Bristol ! (Mr. C.
Bucknall). Scarborough ! (Mr. Massee). Shifnal, Salop!

27. Lachnella echinulata. (Awd.)

Cups minute, epiphyllous or hypophyllous, gregarious,
at first globose, at length flattened and very shortly
stipitate, white; externally villous; the hairs, each of
which bears a globose, echinulate head at the apex,
forming a very beautiful radiate margin to the disc,
which, when damp, is obscurely marked with a small eye-
like spot in the middle; mature asci clavate, shortly

250 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

stipitate, 8-spored, nearly 60u long, 64 broad ; sporidia
in two rows, fusiform, acute at each end, straight or
curved, or sigmoid.

Peziza echinulata—Awd., “ Hedwig.,” 1868, p. 136.
Peziza patula—Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” 1009, nee 425, que
vera. P. patula—P. sec et Desm., “ Ann. Se. Nat.,” 2,
xv. p. 132. P. ciliaris, B. globulifera—P. sec. Desm., 1.
1. p. 130.

Name—Zchinatus, set with prickles ; from the angular
knobs of oxalate of lime on the hairs.

28. Lachnella Rhytisme. Phil.

Cups gregarious, stipitate, at first globose, then hemi-
spherical, white ; clothed with short villose hairs, bearing
on their summits globular crystalline beads; hymenium
white; stem rather long, villose to the base; asci cylin-
drical or cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, oblong-fusiform,
3—5 x lu; paraphyses acerose, exceeding the asci.

Peziza Rhytisme—Phil. in “ Grevillea,” viii. p. 101;
“Scott. Nat.,” vi. 124.

On dead leaves of Acer on Rhytisma acerinum.

Cups 300u broad; stem about 400u long. The hairs
of the cup are short, non-septate, colourless, and the
globular crystalline heads are perfectly even, not angular,
as in most other species, though slightly rough.

Name—Rhytisma, the genus of fungi on which it
grows.

Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith).

29. Lachnella crucifera. Phil.

Cups gregarious, stipitate, white, at first globose, then
expanded ; clothed with short, septate, colourless hairs,
the summits of which are subclavate, and each crowned
with a cruciform crystal; stem rather long, villose to the
base ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, cylindrical or -
narrowly fusiform, straight, 6—8 x lu; paraphyses
acerose, exceeding the asci.

P a ae crucifera—Phil. in Gard. Chron., 1878, p. 397,
1g. (4.

.LACHNELLA. 251

On dead twigs of Myrica gale. Spring and autumn.

Cups about 300u broad, and about. 500u high.

This differs from L. echinulata (Awd.) in having a
longer stipes, being persistently white when dry, and
having what appear to be cruciform bodies on the sum-
mits of the hairs. These bodies prove to be crystals of
oxalate of lime (octahedra).

Name—Crua, cross, fero, to bear; from the hairs
appearing to have crosses at their summits.

Capel Curig, North Wales! North Wootton, Norfolk !
(Mr. C. B. Plowright). Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith).
Cockshutt, Salop !

30. Lachnella patula. (Pers.)

Cups gregarious, stipitate, at first globose, then
hemispherical, white, villose; the hairs long, slender,
colourless, non-septate, acute, spreading; hymenium
lutescent ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform
or oblong-elliptic, 8—12 x 15u; paraphyses acerose,
exceeding the asci.

Pezza patula—Pers,, “Obs.,” i. p. 42; “Syn. Fung.
p. 654; “Myeo. Eur.” p. 262; A. and &., p. 324; Nees,
“ Sys.,” f. 284; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. 91. Hyalopeziza
patula—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 298. Lachnea patula
—Gill., “ Champ.,” p. 72.

Exs.—Fckl., “F. Rh.,” 1189; Rehm, “ Asco.,” 258 and
259; Libert, “ Crypt. Ard.,” 225.

On oak-leaves decaying in damp places.

Cups 300u to 500u broad; stem very short, hairs
much spreading, flexuose, and somewhat entangled.
The hairs are longer and slenderér than in L. ciliaris.
This is an exceedingly minute species.

Name—Patulus, spreading ; from the long, spreading
hairs.

Wellington, Salop !

31. Lachnella ciliaris. (Schum.)
Cups minute, stipitate, at first globose, then cyathi-
form, waxy, snow-white, externally beset with long,
somewhat spreading, scattered, septate, white hairs;

a

252 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

hymenium white; asci clavate; sporidia 8, fusiform,
straight or curved, hyaline, obliquely uniseriate, 18 x 2;
paraphyses acerose, slightly exceeding the asci.

Peziza ciliaris—Schrad., “Bot. Jour.,” 1799, ii. p. 2;
Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 89; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No.
2031. Hyalopeziza ciliaris—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,”
p. 298, Lachnea ciliaris—Gill., “Champ.,” p. 68, ¢. 1.

Exs.—Fckl1, “F. Rh,” 1189; Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,”
573; ed. i. 373.

On dead oak-leaves. Autumn.

Cups about 300u broad. Very similar to L. patula.

Name—Czilium, the eyelash ; from the fringed margin.

Near Shrewsbury !

32. Lachnella acutipila. (Karst.)

Cups gregarious or scattered, stipitate, at first globose,
at length somewhat plane or a little convex, when dry
concave; margin piloso-fimbriate; stem very short; asci
cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, slenderly fusiform, com-
monly straight, with many guttule, 8—16 x 1—l‘dy;
paraphyses acerose.

Peziza acutypila—Karst., “Mon. Pez,” p. 195.
Lachnum acutipilum—Karst., “ Myco. Fenn.,” p. 173.

On Pyragmites communis. April to October.

Cups about 800u broad; hairs of the cup septate,
cuspidate, 4u thick; dise sometimes lutescent. Re-
sembling the preceding.

Var. letior. (Karst., 1. ¢., p. 174.)

Cups sessile .or subsessile, a little larger, in a dry
state contracted and difformed; disc dilutely yellow,
when dry yellow; sporidia somewhat larger.

The hairs in my specimens are rough, with a few
amorphous crystals of oxalate of lime at the summit.

On dead stems of Rubus ideus. Summer and autumn.

Name Acutus, sharp, pilus, hair; from the acute
hairs with which it is clothed.
pei N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Church Stretton,

alop '

LACHNELLA. 253

(d) Sporidia elongate-fusiform or filiform.
(a) Paraphyses acerose.

33. Lachnella diminuta. (Rob.)

Cups scattered or crowded, shortly stipitate, at first
globose, then expanded and hemispherical, whitish,
tomentose; hymenium concave, yellowish or orange ;
asci_ clavate-cylindrical ; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic,
12 X 2u; paraphyses filiform.

Peziza diminuta—Rob. in Desm. “ Ann. Se. Nat.,”
1847, viii. p. 185; “ Grevillea,” ili, p. 184, t. 41, f. 183.
Lachnea diminuta—GillL, “Champ.,” p. 71.

Exs.—Desm., 1538 (in part); Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,”
287. :

On dry culms of Juncus.

Cups about 500u broad; stem very short; hairs of
the exterior long and slender.

In Desmaziere’s published specimens LZ. apala (B.
and Br.) appears in some copies, and this species in
others, but the sporidia are so different that no mistake
can be made between them when examined.

Name—Diminutus, diminished ; from its small size.

Dr. M. C. Cooke, without locality.

34, Lachnella apala. (B. and Br.)

Cups scattered or crowded, stipitate or sessile, at first,
with the stem, obconical, then expanded, at length plane,
furfuraceo-villose, fawn-coloured ; hymenium plane,
darker ; asci clavate-cylindrical ; sporidia 8, fuso-filiform,
straight, 15—30 x 34; paraphyses acerose, filled with
granules, exceeding the asci.

Peziza apala—B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist, No.
561; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2060.

Exs.—Rabh., “Fung. Eur.” No. 25; Cooke, “ Fung.
Brit.,” ed. ii. No. 374; Phil. “ Elv. Brit.,” 27; Winter
“Fungi Eur.,” 2517.

On dead rushes. Spring and summer.

Cups about 500u broad.

Hairs rather stout, asperate, non-septate, colourless,

254 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

obtuse; the paraphyses are broad, and sometimes septate,
filled with granular protoplasm.

Name—azradée, soft, tender.

Batheaston, near Bath (Mr. C.E, Broome). Mangots-
field, near Bristol! (Mr. C. Bucknall). Grantown, N.B.!
(Rev. Dr. Keith). Haughmond Hill, Salop! Bomere,
Salop!

35. Lachnella filicea. (Cooke and Phil.)

Cups gregarious, stipitate, at first globose, then hemi-
spherical, white, tomentose; hairs short, septate, colour-
less; hymenium white ; asci eylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia
8, fusiform, acute at the ends, 3-nucleate or pseudo-
septate, biseriate, 15—20 x 2—3y; paraphyses acerose,
exceeding the asci.

Peziza filicea—Cooke and Phil. in Herb. Kew.

On fern-leaves.

Cups 100 to 200u broad; stem short, equalling the
height of cup. The hairs of the cup are often obtuse,
or pyriform, at the apices, with clusters of amorphous
erystals of oxalate of lime, and deciduous. The asci are
very large for such a small species.

Name—Filices, the fern tribe; growing on ferns.

Duneden, N.B.! in Herb. Kew; Chedder! (Mr. C.
Bucknall).

©. POSITION DOUBTFUL.
36. Lachnella erythrostigma. (B. and Br.)

Minute, stipitate, punctiform, pale red; hymenium
at length convex; asci clavate; sporidia uniseriate,
elliptic or subglobose.

Peziza erythrostigma—pB. and Br.,“ Ann. Nat. Hist.,”
1168, t. 4, f. 81; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” 2118.

Parasitic on Spheria pheostroma.

The stem is mostly curved, distinctly cellular; asci
clavate; sporidia minute, subglobose. Very minute, but
a pretty object under the microscope (B. and Br.).
“Minutely woolly with delicate hairs” (Cooke in litt.).

Batheaston (?) (Mr. C. E. Broome).

LACHNELLA.

Section II.—SEssILe.

Suspcenus ITI.—LAcHNeELLA.

255

Fries (in part).

Cups sessile, pilose or villose, for the most part firm
and dry, at first closed and globose, then more or less

expanded and hemispherical.
Name—)Adyvn, down.

ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES.

a. Hairs of cup coloured.
(a) Sporidia elliptic or oblong.
(a) Paraphyses filiform or absent ..
(b) Sporidia fusiform or clavate.
(a) Paraphyses filiform or absent 35
(8) Paraphyses acerose .. . *
B. Hairs of cup hyaline.
(a) Sporidia elliptic, oblong, or subeymbiform.
(a) Paraphyses filiform or absent.
(i.) Cups coloured : Fe
Gi.) Cups white or greyish-white 3
(b) Sporidia fusiform or clavate.
(a) Paraphyses filiform or clavate.
Gi.) Cups coloured... a
(ii.) Cups white or greyish-white a
() ty bess acerose.
ups coloured... a8 5
(ec) sporidin eylindrical ies a ee
c. Position doubtful .. ex ss af i

Key To THE. SPECIES,
A. HAIRS OF THE CUP COLOURED.

Hymenium brownish-olive; hairs long .
Hymenium purplish- -brown ; hairs very short
Hymenium pale rufous ae ans
Hymenium brown...
Hymenium yellow ..
Hymenium cinereous . .
Hymenium white or pallid
1, {Growing on herbaceous stems
*\Growing on wood or bark
(Hymenium pale spadicious ; exterior spadicious,
densely tomentose ..
Hymenium rufous, exterior. refescent, "floecoso-
2 Somenitase
Hymenium smoky-brown ; exterior brown; ‘sporidia
becoming 1-septate..
\Hymenium brown ; exterior furfuraceo-tomentose. .

(Plate VIII. figs. 47, 48.)

species 37, 88

39-49
50-52

53-54
55-59

60-62
63-66
67

68
69-71

prasina.
Schumacheri.
Stockit.

1

4
escharoces.
5

2
3

spadicea.
corticalis.

canescens,
grisella.

256 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES,

Growing on herbaceous stems; externally clothed
8.( with strigose hairs .. -. nidulus.
Growing on fern-stems ; exterior olive- brown .. Pteridis.
Growing on rotten wood, citron-colour .. .. ettricolor.
Growing on leaves; exterior fulvo-rufous . dumorum.
4 Growing on herbaceous stems ; exterior yellow cr or
whitish ee . .. sulphurea.
Growing on dead wood or bark oe Be .. 6
Externally white; margin granulated oe .. papillaris.
5. {Externally ferruginous ; disc pallid. . a .. barbata.
Externally nearly straw-colour os es «. varicolor.
B. HAIRS OF CUP HYALINE.
Hymenium watery- -umber .. ty ve .. dematiicola.
Hymenium black... oe. a an -. melazantha.
Hymenium pale red .. ae oe as +. méicacea.
Hymeniumtawny . Berkeleii.
Hymenium flesh-colour ; externally white or brick-
red... albo-testacra.

Hymenium white or very pale "yellow: on Humulus Tami.
Hymenium yellowish; externally white: on we episphzriu.
Hymenium white... es “ ‘ ame |

Growing on Rubus... Ss he i .. candidata.
Growing on wood es a es is oe, 1B
. 4Growing on leaves... oe ae a Para: ©
Growing onrushes_ .. ee 23 .. fugiens.
Growing inside husks of chestnut . js +. aranea.
Exterior white; margin ciliated ; hairs long . 8B
Exterior white; hairs short aud inconspicuous .. hyalina.
Exterior whitish or yellowish, rough with ese scrupulosa.
3. “pier hairs twisted spirally aa oa sporotricha.
Marginal hairs spreading .. .. leuconica.
Exterior greyish-white : on leaves of ‘Rubus -. @dema,
Exterior white, when any yellowish: on leaves of
4.4 Betulus ts araneo-cincta.
Exterior white, nearly naked : on leaves of Epilu-
bium .. a ae . an oe + punctoidea.

A. HAIRS OF CUP COLOURED.
(a) Sporidia elliptic or oblong.
(a) Paraphyses filiform.
37. Lachnella Pteridis. (A. and S.)
Cups scattered or gregarious, sessile, small, at first
globose, then hemispherical, waxy soft ; ‘externally dark
olive-brown, rugulose from the adpressed hairs; margin

crenate-fimbriate ; flesh dirty yellow; asci clavate or
slongate-subfusiform ; sporidia 8, oblong or oblong-

LACHNELLA., 257

fusiform, 5—9 x 2—8u; paraphyses filiform. (Plate
VIII. fig. 47.) aes

Pezza Pteridis—A. and §S., “Consp.,” p. 338, t. 12,
fig. 7; Pers., “ Myco. Eur.,” p. 300; Nyl., “Pez. Fenn.,”
p. 59. Trichopeziza pulveracea—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,”
p- 297 ; Sacc., “Myco. Ven. Sp.,” p. 163. Mollisia Pteridis
—Gill., “Champ.,” p. 121.

Exs.—Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” ed. i. 1419, ed. ii. 919;
Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,” 424; Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,” i. 657,
ii. 387; Phil. “Elv. Brit.” 33; Rehm, “Asco.,” 411;
Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” 1817.

On dead stems of Pteris aquilina. .

Cups 200 to 500u broad, nearly globose, roughish
and blackish brown to the naked eye.

Name— Pieris, a genus of ferns.

m Castle Rising, Norfolk! (Mr. C.B. Plowright). Shrews-
ury |
88. Lachnella papillaris. (Bull.)

Cups gregarious, sessile, hemispherical, then expanded,
externally between villose and hairy, entirely milk-white ;
margin granulated ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8,
oblong or oblong-fusiform, 10—14 x 38y.

Peziza papillaris—Bull., t. 467, f. 1; Sow., t. 177;
Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 102; “Eng. Flo.” p. 197;
Cooke, “ Handbk.,” 2051; Karst., “Pez. et Ascob.,” p. 21;
and “Mon. Pez.” p. 188. Helotwum papillare—Karst.,
“Myco. Fenn,” p. 160. Lachnea papillaris—Gill.,
“Champ.,” p. 80.

On dead wood.

Cups nearly } of a line broad.

Gregarious, crowded, not adnate, waxy, rather firm ;
margin entire, denticulated; when dry closed, granuli-
form, persistent, so slightly tinged with yellow that it
can scarcely be called straw-coloured (Fries).

The hairs are septate, faintly brown, with crystal
granules at the summits.

Name—Papilla, the nipple; appearing covered with
papillee.

Greenhithe, Kent ! (Sowerby).

we

258 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

(b) Sporidia fusiform or clavate.
(a) Paraphyses filiform or absent.
39. Lachnella spadicea. (Pers.)

Cups seattered, sessile, subgloboso-hemispherical, at
length expanded ; externally clothed with a dense, com-
pact, spadiceous tomentum; disc rather paler; asci
cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic or fusiform,
8 X 2u; paraphyses slenderly filiform. ;

Peziza spadicea—Pers.,“ Myco. Eur.,” p. 252; Fries,
“Sys. Myco.,” ii. p.98. Lachnea spadicea—Gill., “ Champ.,”

v7

r On dead stems of Ulex.
Cups 500u broad. The tomentum consists of short,
septate, closely set hairs, which are granular within.
Name—Spadiceus, bay-colour.
In Herb. Berkeley, without locality !

40. Lachnella corticalis. (Pers.)

Cups gregarious, sessile, globose, then hemispherical,
firm, flocculose-tomentose, rufescent or whitish-grey ;
hymenium same colour; asci cylindraceo-clavate;
sporidia 8, clavate or fusiform, straight or curved,
13 X 44; paraphyses filiform.

Peziza corticalis—Pers., “ Obs.,” i. p. 28,112; “Myco.
Eur.,” p. 267; D. C., “Flo. Fr..” ii. p. 80; A. and S,
“ Consp.,” p. 322; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 96; B. and
iy, “Ann. Nat. Hist.,”” 311 and 562; Karst., “Mon.
Pez.,” p. 186; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2041; Nyl., “ Pez.
Fenn.,” p. 27. Lachnella corticalis—Fries, “Summa
Veg. Sean.,” p. 365; Fekl, “Symb. Myeco.,” p. 280.
Helotium corticale—Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 159.
Lachnea corticalis—Gill., “Champ.,” p. 84. Lachnella
corticalis—Pat., p. 30, f. 71.

Exs.—Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” ed. i. 708, ed. ii. 72;
Rabh., “ Herb. Myco.,” ed. ii. 625; and “ Fung, Eur.,” ed.
nov. 915; Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” 260; Fekl., “F. Rh.,”
1120; Phil., “ Elv. Brit..” 119.

LACHNELLA. 259

On dead bark of trees.

Cups nearly 4 a line broad; at first globose, opening
by a narrow mouth. The hairs are usually pale, but
sometimes brown or reddish-brown, short, and tapering.
The colour of the exterior varies, being paler towards
the margin.

Name—Cortex, bark ; growing on bark.

Bristol (Mr. H. O. Stephens). Thame (Dr. Ayres).
Rudloe, Wilts (Mr. C. E. Broome). Leigh Woods, near
Bristol! (Mr. C. Bucknall). Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr.
Keith). Forden, North Wales (Rev. J. E. Vize). Atting-
ham Park, Salop! Rushbury, Salop! Bomere, Salop !

41. Lachnella canescens. (Cooke.)

Gregarious or crowded, sessile, hemispherical, firm;
clothed externally with flexuous, brown, septate hairs ;
hymenium fuliginous-brown ; asci clavate ; sporidia fusi-
form, at length pseudo-1-septate, 9—12 x 2u; paraphyses
filiform.

Peziza canescens—Cooke in litt.

On naked wood.

Cups nearly } of a line broad. This differs from Z
corticalis in the fusiform sporidia, and the more con-
spicuous septate hairs of the exterior.

Name—Canus, hoary.

Near Hereford (Mr. James Renny).

42, Lachnella variecolor. (Fries.)

Cups gregarious, sessile, but not adnate, globose, then
hemispherical, rather firm; externally flocculoso-villose ;
hymenium urceolate, white, becoming pallid; asci cylin-
draceo-clavate; sporidia 8, oblong or subfusiform,
7—11 x 2—3nu; paraphyses filiform, slender.

Peziza variecolor—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 100;
“Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 197; Cooke, “Handbk.,” 2048. P.
sulphurea—Pers., “Icon. et. Deser.,” t. 8, f.4,5. Tapesia
variecolor—Fckl., “ Symb. Myco.,” p. 302. Peziza albo-
lutea—Nyl., “ Pez. Fenn.,” p. 29; Karst., “Mon. Pez.,” p.
187. P. flavo-fuligonea—Karst., “Pez. et. Ascob.,” p. 20,

260 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

P. sulphureo-cesia—Schum., “Saell.,” p. 432. Helotiwm
albo-lutewnm—Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p, 160. Lachnea
variecolor—Gill., “Champ.,” p. 83, ¢. 1.

On rotten wood.

Cups 250 to 300u broad.

Gregarious, thickset, not adnate, waxy, rather firm,
scarcely 1 line broad, regular ; margin entire, denticulated,
closed when dry, granuliform, persistent, so slightly
tinged with yellow that it can scarcely be called straw-
coloured. (Fries).

Inserted on the authority of Sowerby’s P. hydnoides,
quoted by Fries as this species. Having examined the
original specimen of Sowerby, I was unable to detect any
asci or sporidia. The dimensions of the sporidia are
from Karsten.

Name—V arius, various, color, colour,

43. Lachnella grisella. Cooke and Phil.

Cups gregarious, sessile, rarely substipitate, at first
turbinate, then hemispherical, very pale brown, fur-
furaceous-tomentose, perpendicularly striate; margin
whitish, fimbriate; hymenium brown; asci clavate;
sporidia 8, oblong-fusiform, 47 x 1—1‘5u; paraphyses
slenderly filiform.

Pezvza grisea—Carmichael in Herb. Kew., No. 82.

On dead decorticated wood.

Cups 100 to 500u broad. The short, septate, scarcely
coloured hairs can only be seen when magnified about 50
diameters.

The locality is not given, but, having been collected
by = late Dr. Carmichael, it was probably from Scot-
land.

Name—Diminutive of griseus, grey.

44, Lachnella citricolor. (B, and Br.)

Cups very shortly stipitate or sessile, between waxy
and fleshy, turbinate, finely tomentose, citron-colour :
asci clavate; sporidia fusiform, dotted with oil drops
20—25 x 5—6u; paraphyses linear.

LACHNELLA. 261

Peziza (Dasyscyphe) citricolor—B, and Br., “Ann.
Nat. Hist.,” 1821, t. xix. f 14
On rotten wood.

45. Lachnella Stockit. (Cooke and Phil.)

Cups gregarious or crowded, sessile, becoming plane;
externally rufus-brown, clothed with short, septate,
brown hairs; hymenium concave, pale rufus; asci cylin-
draceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, elongate-fusiform, 3-septate,
20—22 x 2—3n.

Peziza Stockii—Cooke and Phil. in Herb. Kew.

On dead herbaceous stems.

Cups 500u broad. The flesh is rather firm and thin;,
the paraphyses were not seen.

Name—After D. Stock.

Bungay ! (Stock, No. 100 in Herb. Kew).

46. Lachnella prasina. Quelet.

Cups gregarious or crowded, sessile, at first hemi-
spherical, then expanded, becoming nearly plane, thin,
waxy, soft, olive-brown, clothed with bright, rufus,
slender, flexuous, hyaline hairs; hymenium greenish-bistre
or beautiful green, at length pale cinereous; asci cylin-
draceo-clavate; sporidia 8, fusiform, straight or curved,
10—15 x 2—3y; paraphyses filiform.

Lachnella prasina—Quelet, “Assoc. Fran.,” 1880, p. 13,
t. ix. fig. 5. Peziza prasina—Bucknall, “ Fung. Bristol,”
No. 997, fig. 3. Lachnea prasina—Gill, “Champ.,”

. 210.
On dead culms of Phalaris arundinacea in water or
very damp places. Summer.

Cups nearly 4 a line broad, applanate; margin in-
curved ; hairs bright red, colourless in the upper portion,
slender, flexuous.

Name—Prasinus, green; like leeks.

Chedder ! (Mr. C. Bucknall).

47. Lachnella dwmorum. (Rob.)

Cups scattered, sessile, turbinate, then expanded,
externally villose, with short, fulvo-rufus hairs; hyme-

262 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

nium concave, white; asci sever ; sporidia 8, fusiform,
5 x 1p; paraphyses filiform, slender. -

Piven Gane ini Rob in Desm., “ Ann. Se. Nat.,
t. xiv. 1850.

On the under side of dead bramble-leaves.

Cups 2504 broad. The hairs are short, reddish, bay~
brown; the disc becomes cinereous or brownish.

Name—Dumus, a bramble; from the habitat.

Batheaston, near Bath! (Mr. C. Broome). Dolgelly,
North Wales!

48. Lachnella Schwmachert. (Fries.)

Cups gregarious or crowded, sessile, hemispherical,
externally tomentose, brown; hymenium becoming nearly
plane, purplish-brown or cinereous; asci cylindraceo-
clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform or cylindraceo-fusiform,
straight or sometimes curved, 8—13 x 2—3u ; paraphyses
filiform.

Peziza Schwmacheri—Fries, “ Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 98;
“Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 196; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2045; Gill.,
“Champ.,” p. 89, ¢. i.

Exs.—Phil., “ Elv. Brit.,” 167.

On dead wood. Not uncommon. Autumn.

Cups about 4 to % of a line broad, dark brown;
hymenium purplish-brown or cinereous; margin fringed
with very short, brown, septate hairs, hardly distinguish-
able even with a pocket lens, hence it is doubtful whether
it should not be removed to Mollisia, near cinerea.

Name—After C. F. Schumacher.

Var. B. plumbea. (Grev.) Distinguished by the lead-
coloured or bluish hymenium.

Peziza plumbea—Grev., t. 11; “Flo. Dan.,” t. 1786,

1.

North Wootton! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Darenth
(Dr. Cooke). Shrewsbury !

49. Lachnella escharodes. (B. and Br.)

Cups scattered, sessile, globose, then hemispherical,
rugose, rough with short, whitish, deciduous flocci, then

LACHNELLA. 263

dingy olivaceous-green; margin paler, fringed with
delicate flocci; hymenium cinereous; asci cylindraceo-
clavate or irregularly clavate; sporidia 8, linear oblong
or oblong-fusiform, straight or curved, 8 x 34; paraphyses
filiform, branched.

Peziza escharodes—B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,”
No. 1322, t. xix. f. 15; “Grevillea,” i. p. 180.

Exs.—Rabh., “Fung. Eur.” 1418; Cooke, “Fung.
Brit.,” 564, and ed. ii. No. 548; Phil, “ Elv. Brit.,” 73.

On dead stems of Rubus and Rosa.

Cups nearly 3a line broad; at first closed, globose,
then expanded, vertically striate or rugose, becoming
black, except the margin, but always appearing rough
with very minute hairs under the microscope.

Name—2cyapa, scab ; scaly, resembling a scab.

Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Eastbourne! (Mr.
C.J. Muller). Hencote, near Shrewsbury !

(8) Paraphyses acerose.
50. Lachnella barbata. (Kunze.)

Cups gregarious, sessile, globose, then expanded, at
length nearly plane, firm; externally ferruginous, tomen-
tose; hairs long, septate, obtuse; hymenium pallid; asci
cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, 5—7 x 1—2y;
paraphyses acerose, rather slender.

Peziza barbata—Kunze in Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii.
p. 99. Lachnea barbata—Gill., “Champ.,” p. 82 (%).

Exs.—Fries, “ Scl. Suec.,” 332.

On dead stems of Lonicera.

Cups nearly 4 a line broad.

Name— Barba, a beard ; hairy.

Var. 8. pellita. (Pers.)

Differs from the type in being greyish or dilutely
gilvus.

Pers., “Myco. Eur.” i. p. 264; Bucknall, “ Fung.
Bristol,” No. 619; “ Grevillea,” x. p. 67. Lachnea pelliia
—Gill, “Champ.,” p. 83.

On Lonicera and beech-mast.

264 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Naimne—Pellitus, clothed with fur.
Brackley Coombe, near Bristol! (Mr. C. Bucknall).

51. Lachnella nidulus. (Schm. and Kunze.)

Cups scattered or gregarious, sessile, hemispherical,
then nearly plane, firm; externally brown, strigose-
hirsute; hairs short, septate, dark brown; hymenium
pallid-yellow ; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, fuso-
tiliform, 5—10 x Iu; paraphyses acerose, rather stout, a
little exceeding the asci.

Peziza nidulus—Schm. and Kunze, exs. 72; Pers.,
“Myco. Hur.,” i. p. 250; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 104;
Karst., “Pez. et Ascob.,” p. 22; and “Mon. Pez.,” p. 200;
Nyl., “Pez. Fenn.,” p. 30. Lachnum nidulus—Karst.,
“Myco. Fenn.,” p.181. Lachnea nidulus—Gill., “Champ.,”

. 87, a 1
e Exs.—Rabh., “Herb. Myco.,” ed. ii. 19; and “Fung.
Eur.,” nov. ed. 807 ; Moug. and Nest., 588; Karst., “ Fung.
Fenn.,” 6380.

On Spirea Ulmaria.

Cups 400 to 8004 broad. The hairs are short, rigid,
paler near the obtuse, somewhat enlarged apices.

Name—WNidus, a nest; a little nest.

Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith).

52. Lachnella sulphwrea. (Pers.)

Cups gregarious, sessile, subglobose; externally stri-
gose-tomentose, sulphur-coloured; hymenium concave,
pallid; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, fuso-filiform, simple
or spuriously 1 to 3-septate, 14x 2u; paraphyses
acerose, rather stout, exceeding the asci.

Peziza sulphwrea—Pers., “Tent. Disp. Meth.,” p. 33;
“Myco. Eur.,” p. 250 (in part); Grev., t. 83; “Eng. Flo.,”
v. 198; Karst. “Mon. Pez.,” p. 199; Nyl., “Pez. Fenn.,”
p. 82; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2053; Pat. p. 124 f. 280.
Peziza hydnoidea—Purt., No. 1049. Trichopeziza sul-
phurea—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,” 296. Lachnum sul-
furewm—Karst., “Myco. Fenn,” p. 176. Lachnea
sulfurea—Gill., “ Charep.,” p. 81, @ i.

LACHNELLA. 265

Exs.—Karst., “ Fung. Fenn.,” 62; Phil, “Elv. Brit.,”
25; Roumg., “Fung. Gal.,” 1415.

On dead nettle-stems and Stachys.

Cups } to $ of a line,

Name—Sulphur, brimstone; sulphur-coloured.

Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Rose Hill, near
Shrewsbury ! :

Var. B. leucopheea. (Pers.)

Scattered or gregarious, hemispherical, pallid-tomen-
tose, hairs whitish or sulphury, often at length fer-
ruginous; hymenium whitish; asci subcylindrical ;
sporidia 8, fuso-filiform, 7—16 x 1—l‘5u; paraphyses
acerose, slightly exceeding the asci, rather slender.

Peziza sulphwrea, var. leucophea—Pers., “Myco.
Eur.,” 250; Weinm., “Myco.,” p. 451. P. leucophaea—
Nyl., “Pez. Fenn.,” p. 31; Karst., “Mon. Pez.,” p. 199.
Lachnwm leucophewn—Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 177;
“Scott. Nat.,” vi. 123.

Exs.—Rab., “ Herb. Myco.,” ed. ii, 707 ; Desm., “ Crypt.
Fr,” ed. i. 173, and ed. ii, 121; Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,”
62 (in part); Rehm, “ Asco.,” 308; Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,”
ed. li. 372.

On nettles, large Umbelliferce, and Artemisia.

Certainly not worthy of specific rank.

Name—aAguxée, white, pafoc, dusky; grey-ash-coloured.

Leigh Downs, near Bristol! (Mr. C. Bucknall). Forden,
North Wales!

B. HAIRS OF CUP HYALINE.
(a) Sporidia elliptic, oblong, or subeymbiform.
(a) Paraphyses filiform or absent.
(i.) Cups coloured.
53 Lachnella dematiicola. (B, and Br.)
Cups gregarious, minute, hemispherical, watery-umber,

ciliated with long, hyaline, non-septate flocci; hymenium
same colour, or cinereous; asci cylindraceo-clavate ;

266 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

sporidia subeymbiform, hyaline, 10 x 2‘5u; paraphyses
slenderly filiform. ae

Peziza dematiicola—B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist,
No. 1070, t. 15, f. 20; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2117.

On dead wood, nestling amongst the flocci of some
Helminthosporoid fungus, but whether at all related or
not we cannot say. This very beautiful, though minute,
species has a mixed resemblance to an Hacipula and
such Ascoboli as A. ciliatus (B. and Br., l. ¢.).

Cups 100 to 500 broad. It is not merely ciliated,
but clothed with delicate hyaline hairs. The cups when
old are applanate, extremely thin, having a raised margin.

Name—Dematium, a genus of Hyphomycetes, colo, to
inhabit.

Herb. Berkeley! Sutton Coldfield, near Birmingham !
(Mr. W. B. Grove).

54, Lachnella melazantha. (Fries.)

Gregarious, sessile, minute; externally farinaceo-
villose, greyish-yellow ; hairs hyaline; hymenium rather
concave, black; margin a little prominent; asci cylin-
draceo-clavate; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic, 5—7 x 2u;
paraphyses (7).

eziza melazantha—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 97;

“Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 196; Cooke, “Handbk.,” 2043. Lach-
nella melazantha—Gill., “Champ.,” p. 89.

On fallen branches of beech. Autumn. Very rare.

Cups } of a line broad, turbinate, black at the base;
texture dry and firm; the hairs are very slender and
flexuous. But for the black disc and being sessile, it
resembles L. tricolor (Sow.).

Name—wedac, black, and EavOdc, yellow; from the
colour of the exterior and the disc.

Appin, N.B, (Captain Carmichael).

(ii.) Cups white or greyish-white
55. Lachnella sporotricha. (Oude.)

_ Cups very minute, sessile, globose, opening by a very
minute pore, white, villose; hairs slender, colourless,

LACHNELLA. 267

hyaline, nonseptate, disposed spirally round the margin ;
asci clavate; sporidia 8, colourless, narrowly cylindrical
or subfusiform, 7 X 1:54; paraphyses slenderly filiform.

Peziza sporotricha—Oude. in “Arch, Need.,” viii.;
Hedw., 1874, p. 87. Peziza asterostoma—Phil.,, “ Grevil-
lea,” vii. p. 140.

On dead herbaceous stems. Spring.

Cups not more than 200u broad. The hairs, which
consist of a single, elongated, tapering cell, are about
70u long, and are confined chiefiy to the margin, forming
a horizontal fringe, turned obliquely from the margin,
all bent in the same direction.

Name—orépog, a seed, Spit, hair; resembling a seed
with hairs.

Clungunford, Salop!

56. Lachnella leuconica. (Cooke.)

Cups gregarious, sessile, expanded, submembranaceous,
white; clothed with long, slender, tapering, flexuous
hairs ; margin elevated, ciliated ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ;
sporidia 8, oblong or oblong-elliptic, straight or curved,
8 x2u; paraphyses slenderly filiform. ;

Peziza leuconica—Cooke in herb.

On dead wood.

Cups minute (} to 4 a line broad), flexuous, thin.
The hairs are colourless and non-septate.

Name—Leuconicus, resembling white cotton-wool.

Clova, N.B.!

57. Lachnella hyalina. (Pers.)

Cups gregarious, sessile, globose, then expanded,
becoming nearly plane, thin, soft, hyaline, white, villose
or pilose; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic,
8 x 8u; paraphyses scarce, slenderly filiform. (Plate
VIII fig. 48.)

Peziza hyalina—Pers., “Syn. Fung.,” p. 655; Fries,
“Sys. Myco.,” ii, 102 (in part); “ Eng. Fo.,” v. p. 198 (in
part); Karst., “Pez. et Ascob.,” p. 21 (in part); and “Mon.
Pez.” p. 180; Nyl, “Pez. Fenn,” p. 53; Cooke,

268 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

“Handbk.,” 2052 (in part). Pseudo-helotiwm hyalinum
—Fekl, “Symb. Myco.,” p. 298. Helotiwm hyalinwm—
Karst., “ Myco. Fenn,” p. 144. Lachnea hyalina—Gill,
“Champ.,” p. 79.

Exs.—Phil., “Elv. Brit.” 24; Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,”
1615.

On dead chips and stumps, and inside bark.

Cups 200 to 800u broad. A minute, slender species,
with exceedingly delicate hairs, which when dry do not
easily revive with moisture. The cups assume a darker
shade on drying, and “resemble minute grains of white
sand scattered over the brown bark.”

It is almost certain that at least two distinct species
have been hitherto included under this name in herbaria,
if not more.

Name—Ayalinus, transparent.

Ereall Hill! and Shelton! near Shrewsbury; Linwilg,
N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith).

58. Lachnella fugiens. Phil.

Cups scattered, sessile, globose, then expanded, thin,
white, villose; asci oblong-clavate or subfusiform;
sporidia 4 to 8, oblong-linear or elliptic, straight or slightly
curved, 7 X 2u.

Peziza fugiens—Phil. in Bucknall’s “Fungi of the
Bristol District” (“Proceedings of Bristol Nat. Soe.”),
pt. iv. No. 800, t. iv. f. 2.

On dead rushes in bogs.

Cups 50 broad; asci 204 long, 5u broad; the hairs
of the exterior very short, non-septate, colourless.

Name—Fugiens, fleeting; from its ephemeral cha-.
racter.

Mangotsfield and Abbots Leigh, near Bristol! (Mr.
Cedric Bucknall).

59. Lachnella pwnctoidea. (Karst.)

_ Cups gregarious, sessile or substipitate, sub-immar-
ginate, nearly naked, convex, when dry plane or slightly

LACHNELLA, 269

concave, hyaline-white ; hymenium when dry testaceous ;
asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, elliptic, 4—5 x 2—3y;
paraphyses slenderly filiform.

Helotium pwnctoidewm—Karst., “Symb.,” pp. 215 and
240 ; “Myco. Fenn.,” p.151. Peziza punctoidea—Karst.,
“ Grevillea,” p. 61.

. Exs.—Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” 745; Cooke, “Fung.
Brit.,” ed. ii. No. 551.

On dead leaves of Epilobiwm. Autumn.

Cups scarcely 250u broad.

“We have referred our specimen for the present to
Karsten’s species, of which we have seen no specimens.
The fruit hardly accords, otherwise it agrees very well
with the description ” (Cooke in “ Grevillea,” v. p. 61).

“ Apothecia when dry sometimes subhemispherical or
subgloboso-contracted, slightly furfuraceous, sessile, or
with a punctiform stem” (Karst., U. ¢.).

Name—Punctum, a point, eoe, likeness,

Dinmore, near Hereford ! (Dr. M. C. Cooke).

(b) Sporidia fusiform or clavate.

(a) Paraphyses filiform or clavate.
(i.) Cups coloured.
60. Lachnella micacea. (Pers.)

Cups scattered or gregarious, very minute, sessile, ex-
panded, extremely tender ; externally farinose-tomentose,
pale red or dilute-cinnamon ; hymenium the same colour ;
asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, fusiform, 3—5 x ly;
paraphyses slenderly filiform.

Peziza micacea—Pers., “ Myco. Eur.,” p. 268; Fries,
“ Sys. Myco.,” p. 105. Lachnea micacea—Gill, “ Champ.,”
p. 89; Buck., “Fung. Bristol,” No. 799.

On dead stems of thistle.

Cups about 200 to 300u broad. The hairs of the
exterior are short, slender, and deciduous.

Name—Mica, grain, granule; like a shining grain.

Leigh Woods, near Bristol! (Mr. C. Bucknall).

270 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

61. Lachnella Tami. (Desm.)
Var. Humuli (nov. var.).

Gregarious, sessile, hemispherical, then expanded,
pubescent, white or very pale yellow ; asci clavate;
sporidia 8, fusiform or nearly oblong, 8 x 2u; paraphyses
filiform, scarce.

On Humulus lupulus.

Cups 200 to 400u. So near to L. Tam that it hardly
deserves to be called a variety, except for more developed
hairs and different host-plant. The hairs are very short,
colourless, and non-septate.

Darenth ! (Dr M. C. Cooke).

62. Lachnella Berkeleit. (Blox.)

Gregarious, sessile, cups hemispherical, furfuraceous-
floccose, almost pruinose; hymenium concave, tawny ;
asci clavate; sporidia 8, oblong, subfusiform or eymbi-
form, 5—8 X 2u; paraphyses not seen.

Peziza Berkeleti—Blox. in B. and Br., “ Ann. Nat.
Hist.,” No. 770; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2057.

On dead stems of Umbellifere.

“Very minute, gregarious, often crowded, hemi-
spherical, with the margin at first strongly inflected,
clothed with furfuraceous-yellowish flocci. In the
younger specimens the orifice is distinctly marked with
radiating lines. Hymenium concave, tawny; asci
clavate ; sporidia ‘0003 to 0004 inch long, oblong, sub-
fusiform or cymbiform.”

“Under the lens the coat consists of very short flocci,
intermixed with minute hyaline amorphous scales. We
cannot point out any very near ally, except possibly P.
humulis, Desm. It resembles P. apala more closely
than any other species with which we are acquainted ”
(B. and Br., 0. ¢.).

Name—After the Rev. M. J. Berkeley.

Twycross ! (Rev. A. Bloxam).

LACHNELLA. 271

(ii.) Cups white or greyish-white.
63. Lachnella edema. (Desm.)

Cups very minute, rather crowded, sessile, globose,
then expanded, slightly pubescent, greyish white, soft,
subtremellose ; asci clavate, bent; sporidia 8, biseriate,
fusiform, 6—9 x 24; paraphyses scarce, slenderly fili-
form.

Peziza edema—Desm., “Ann. Sc. Nat.” 1850;
Steven., “Myco. Scot.,” p. 317; “ Grevillea,” viii. p. 101.
P. epiphragmidiwm—Phil. in Herb. Mollisia edema—
Gill, “Champ.,” p. 128.

On decayed leaves of Rubus fruticosus, seated on
Phragmidium.

Cups 100 to 150u broad. Although the pubescence
is visible under a low power of the microscope, the hairs
are diffluent in water, and vanish away. When dried
for the herbarium, it becomes pale fuliginous or watery-
umber.

Name—oidnua, a swelling; seated on a swelling
formed by the Phragmidiwm.

Dolgelly, North Wales! Scotland (Rev. Dr. Keith).

64, Lachnella araneo-cincta. Phil.

Cups scattered, minute, sessile, at first hemispherical,
then expanded, concave, thin, white, when dry yellowish ;
margin ciliated with long, slender, flexuous, pointed,
white hairs; asci broadly clavate; sporidia 8, biseriate,
narrowly fusiform, acutely pointed, 10—13 x 1p.

Peziza araneo-cincta—Phil. in Bucknall, “ Fung.
Bristol,” No. 621; “ Grevillea,” x. p. 68.

Exs.—Phil., “ Elv. Brit.,” No. 169.

On decayed birch-leaves.

Cups 200 to 300u broad. The hairs are non-septate,
and so delicate that they are diffluent in water, with
only slight pressure.

Name—Araneum, a spider’s web, cinctus, girded ;
from the web-like hairs on the margin.

Clifton, near Bristol! (Mr. C. Bucknall).

272 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

65. Lachnella aranea. (De Not.)

Cups minute, scattered, sessile, at first hemispherical,
then expanded, white, clothed with long, flexuous, en-
tangled hairs; hymenium white, when dry pale yellow;
asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, biseriate, oblong or
oblong-fusiform, 7 x lu; paraphyses slenderly filiform.

Peziza aranea—De Not., “ Micro. Ital.” i. No. 1;
“ Grevillea,” viii. pp. 101, 111. Trichopeziza aranea—
Sace., “Mich.,” vi. p. 253. Phialea aranea—Gill,
“Champ.,” p. 111.

Exs.—Klotsch., “Herb. Myco.,” ii. 17; Phil, “Elv.
Brit.,” 165; Ellis, “N. A. Fungi,” 843.

On the inside of the husks of Spanish chestnut
(Castanea vesca).

Cups about 100 to 300u broad. They are at first
mere tufts of snow-white, entangled hairs.

Name—Araneum, a spider’s web; clothed with web-
like hairs.

Holme Lacy, Herefordshire!

66. Lachnella serupulosa. (Karst.)

Cups gregarious, sessile, thin, subhemispherical or
subsoleniiform, white or yellowish-white, or cinerascent,
rough with papille; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8
narrowly fusiform or sub-acicular, 4—8 x 1—2u; para-
physes filiform, slender.

Peziza scrwpulosa—Karst., “Mon. Pez,” p. 178.
Helotiwm scrupulosum—Karst., “ Myco, Fenn.,” p. 152.
Peziza tomipera—Phil. in herb.

On dead thorn-wood.

Cups about 2004 broad. The external papill ,
formed by the ends of short, hair-like, tomipesvag all,
which are remarkable from their habit of breaking off at
the joints pass slight pressure.

Name—Scrupulosus, full of little stones :
the papille on the outside. pment

Scarborough! (Mr. G. Massee),

LACHNELLA. 273

(B) Paraphyses acerose.
(i.) Cups coloured.

67. Lachnella albo-testacea. (Desm.)

Cups scattered, erumpent, sessile, hemispherical, then
expanded ; externally white and brick-red colour, floccose ;
hairs slender, septate, flexuose ; hymenium flesh-colour ;
asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, fusiform, linear,
straight or curved, 7—10 x 1—2u; paraphyses acerose,
slender.

Peziza albo-testacea—Desm., “Ann. Se. Nat.,” xix.
(1843), p. 368; B. and Br., “ Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 560;
Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2059. Lachnea albo-testacea—
Gill, “ Champ.,” p. 86.

Exs.—Desm., “ Crypt. Fr.,” 1415.

On dead stems of grass. July.

Cups about 500u broad. “The exterior is of a brick-
red colour, the hairs with which it is covered being
white at their tips.”

Name—Albus, white, testaceus, brick-coloured.

King’s Cliffe (Rev. M. J. Berkeley).

68. Lachnella candidata. (Cooke.)

Snowy-white, sessile, soft, scattered or subgregarious,
soon flattened ; margin often lobed and irregular, slightly
elevated ; externally clothed with soft, tomentose hairs ;
asci subclavate ; sporidia 8, minute, cylindrical, obtuse,
hyaline, 7 x 1-5u.

Peziza candidata—Cooke in “ Grevillea,” i. p 130.

On stems of Rubus.

Highgate (Dr. Cooke).

69. Lachnella epispheria. (Mart.)

Cups sessile, becoming plane ; externally white, beset
with long, ciliato-pilose hairs; hymenium pale yellowish.
Peziza epispheria—Mart., “Eyl.” p. 465; Fries,
“Sys. Myco ” ii. p. 100; “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 197; Cooke,
“ Handbk.,” No. 2049.
T

274 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

On Hypoxylon multiforme, etc. -

Minute, gregarious, crowdéd (Fries, l. c.).

I have seen several things under this name, but none
of them appear to me to answer the description. The
Rev. M. J. Berkeley says some of the specimens referred
formerly to this species certainly belong to Helotiwm
pruinosum (Jerd).* :

Name—?zf, upon, ogaipa, a sphere; growing on a
Spheria.

Doubtful species.
70. Lachnella plano-umbilicata. (Grev.)

Small, sessile, gregarious, whole plant white, globose-
concave, at length quite plain; ciliated with horizontal
white hairs at the margin; hymenium gently umbilicate.

Peziza plano-wmbilicata—Grev., “Flo. Edin.,” p. 420;
“Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 198; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” 2054.

On dead nettles.

Wholly white, remarkably plane, with a small dimple
in the centre of the hymenium, which in old age
assumes a yellowish tinge. The external surface is
covered with white hairs, which form a beautiful ciliated
margin not in the ‘least raised. The margin is so
irregular, that if there had been fewer cilia it might
have been called pectinate (Grev.).

As far as I know, there exists no authentic specimen
of this either in the Edinburgh University Herbarium or
in the Kew Herbarium.

Supcenus III.—Fieria, Fries.

Cups sessile or subsessile; externally fibrose-striate
with adpressed hairs; epiphytal. (Plate VIII. fig. 49.)

Name—ibrinus, of a beaver; from the felty texture
of the receptacle.

ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES,
A. Sporidia elliptic .. . a0 +» species 71,72
B. Sporidia oblong .. .. oe * 13

”

* B. and Br., “Ann. Sc. Nat.,”” No. 1174.

tier Rh a & A,

LACHNELLA. 275

Key To THe Sprcirs,

Hymenium greenish-olive .. ss ae +» vrufo-olivacea,
Hymenium umber-brown .. oo a «. fraxinicola.
Hymenium brownish .. es oe o. +. stparia.

A. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC.

71. Lachnella rufo-olivacea. (A. and S.)

Cups scattered, sessile, firm, hemispherical, then
plane ; externally villose-pulverulent, dingy ferruginous-
red; hymenium greenish-olive, at length black; asci
cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, globose-elliptic, bi-
nucleate, becoming pseudo-septate, 15 x 7u; paraphyses
filiform, septate, thickened at the apices. (Plate VIIT.
fig. 49.)

Peziza rufo-olivacea—A. and S., “Consp.,” 320, t. 11,
f. 4; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 99; “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 197;
Mart., “Erl.,” p. 464; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2046.
Velutaria rufo-olivacea—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 300.
Lachnea rufo-olivacea—Gill., “ Champ.,” p. 85.-

Exs.—Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” 1420; Fekl, “F. Rh.,”
1192.

On dead branches of rose and bramble.

Cups } to 4 a line broad. Coarse brown granules
are found on the exterior amongst the tomentum.

Name— Rufus, reddish-brown, olivaceus, olive-colour.

Longmynd and Red Hill, near Shrewsbury ! Forres,
N.B. ! (Rev. Dr. Keith).

72. Lachnella fraxinicola. (B. and Br.)

Cups scattered or gregarious, sessile, at first closed,
then opening with an irregular aperture, at length
orbicular, slightly depressed ; externally pale fawn-colour,
furfuraceous; internally brown; hymenium umber-
brown; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, broadly
elliptic, faintly brown, 10—13 x 7—8u.

Peziza fraxinicola—B. and Br., “ Ann. Nat. Hist.,”
1160, t. 4, £. 21; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” 2011.

On ash-twigs.

Cups about 4 a line broad, plane or slightly concave,

276 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

margined, much resembling L. rufo-olivacea (A. and §.) ;
substance firm.
Name—Fraxinus, an ash, colo, to inhabit.
Northamptonshire! (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). ©

B. SPORIDIA OBLONG.
73. Lachnella siparia. (B. and Br.)

Cups, erumpent, subsessile, at first globose, then
cyathiform ; externally furfuraceous, ochraceous; hyme-
nium becoming brownish; asci limear-clavate; sporidia
8, linear-oblong, straight or curved, polari-nucleate,
10—12 x 2—3y; parapbyses filiform, slender.

Peziza siparia—B. and Br., “ Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No.
772; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2079.

On decorticated elm-branches. October.

Cups 1 to 1} lines broad. “ Accompanied by a floccose
stratum, which is, however, possibly not constant. Cup
at first subglobose, then cyathiform, scarcely stipitate,
but fixed by a broad base, with the margin free; exter-
nally ochraceous, furfuraceous ; hymenium ochraceous, at
lengtb brownish; sporidia linear-oblong, 00045 inch
long, curved, often with a nucleus at either extremity ”
(B. and Br.).

Name—Siparium, a veil; from the furfuraceous veil.

Elmhurst! (Rev. M. J. Berkeley).

Genus X.—Tapesia. Fries,

Cups waxy or subcoriaceous, subsessile, crowded into
a crust, or seated on a subtomentose subiculum (Fries,
“Sys. Myco.,” i. p. 105). (Plate VIII. fig. 50.)

Name—rarne, a carpet; seated on a carpet.

ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES.

a. Cups externally villose or tomentose.
(a) Sporidia fusiform or oblong.
(a) Sporidia simple. . ee +» species 14
(4) Sporidia septate ee

” 5,

TAPESIA. 277

B. Cups externally naked.
(a) Sporidia fusiform or oblong.
(a) Sporidia simple bee . Species 7
(6) Sporidia septate or nucleate .. » 8

Doubtful os » 9
Key To THE SPECIES.
Tapesium blood-red .. oe a e ++ sanguinea.
Tapesium golden-yellow ai = i -» aurelia.
Tapesium blackish-brown .. a ae we J
Tapesium whitish .. as sc Se . 8
1, {Growing on Aira cespitosa .. a & «. mutabilis

‘\Growing on bark or wood .. a i se 32
Cups glabrous; hymenium pallid-white, cinereous,

2 or brownish .. a we “ ch .. fusca.

*) Cups subtomentose ; hymenium cinereous .. .. Rose.
Cups rufous, with a satiny lustre .. oe .. Johnstoni.
Hymenium pale tawny as a3 a +. rhabdosperma.

3. {Hymenium bluish-grey, sometimes black .. 1. cxesta.
Hymenium whitish, when dry yellowish .. +. eriobasis,

A. CUPS EXTERNALLY VILLOSE OR TOMENTOSE.
(a) Sporidia fusiform or oblong.
(a) Sporidia simple.
1. Tapesia ceesia. (Pers.)

Sessile, becoming plane, villous, whitish; margin
obtuse ; base seated on a subiculum of long, interwoven,
whitish mycelium ; hymenium subgelatinous, fuliginous
brown or bluish-grey ; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia
8, cylindrical or oblong-elliptic, straight or curved,
5—6 X 2u; paraphyses slenderly filiform.

Peziza Lichenovdes—Pers., “Icon. et Dese.,” p. 29, t.
7, f. 1. Peziza cwesia—Pers., “Syn. Fung.” p. 657;
“Myco. Eur.,” p. 272; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 108;
Nees, “Sys.,” f. 272; Dit. and Sturm., “Deut. Flo.,” iii.
t. 81; “Eng. Flo.” v. p. 199; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No.
2068. Tapesia cesia—Fekl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 301.
Peziza chavetie—Lib., exs. No. 26; Cooke, “ Handbk.,”
No. 2069. Lachnea cesia—Gill., “Champ.,” p. 92.

Exs.—Libert., “Crypt. Ard.,” No. 26; Cooke, “ Fung.
Brit.,” No. 562, ed. ii. 555; Phil., “ Ely. Brit.,” No. 76.

On chips of oak, etc. Autumn.

278 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Cups 300 to 500u broad. Forming a continuous layer
on chips, in damp places. The tapesium becomes yellow
on drying. “Crowded; when young concave, then
expanded.” I have examined original specimens of P.
chavetice in Mad. Libert. exs., and find them to correspond
exactly with P. ccsia. ;

Name—Cesius, sky-coloured ; greyish-blue.

Appin (Captain Carmichael). Holme Lacy and
Whitfield, near Hereford! near Shrewsbury ! Grantown,
N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith). ~

2. Tapesia eriobasis. (Berk.)

Gregarious, but generally distinct; cups orbicular,
tomentose, fixed to little, round, snow-white, cottony
spots, which are sometimes confluent; when fresh white,
when dry the hymenium has a yellowish tinge; asci
slightly clavate or obtusely lanceolate ; sporidia oblong,
‘0002 to 00025 inch long (5 to 5'5u) (Berk.).

Peziza eriobasis—Berk., “ Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 312;
Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2070.

On smooth inner surface of bark.

Differs from P. cwsia and P. chavetie in its larger
cups, pale disc, and several other points. The cups are
sometimes extremely thin, crowded, and pressed very
close to the matrix, but this is not usually the case (B.
and Br.).

Name—piov, wool, Bdoig, a base; from the woolly
carpet.

3. Tapesia mutabilis. (B. and Br.)

Minute, at first presenting little brown villous specks
from which the cups burst; cups scattered; externally
brown, hemispherical, villous, becoming smooth and
dirty-white ; asci clavate; sporidia 8, fusiform, biguttu-
late, endochrome sometimes restricted to either extremity,
13—18 x 2—4u; paraphyses slenderly filiform.

Peziza mutabilis—B. and Br., “ Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No.
564; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2072.

On leaves of Aira caspitosa.

TAPESLA. 279

“When old it bears some resemblance to pale forms
of P. atrata and P. palustris” (M. J. B.).

Cups 200 to 300u broad, seated on a dark radiating
tapesium. No hairs are discoverable on the cups in the
original specimens.

Name—Mutabilis, variable.

Derry Hill, Wilts !

4, Tapesia Rose. (Pers.)

Sessile, subcoriaceous, concave, subtomentose, bright
brown, as ‘well as the tomentose subiculum ; asci eylin-
draceo-clavate ; ; Sporidia 8, oblong-fusiform, 7—10 x 2 Ses
paraphyses indistinct. :

Peziza Rose—Pers., “Obs.” 2, p. 82; “Myco. Eur.,”
p. 278; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,; ” ii. 7 109 ; c Eng. Flo.,” v.
p. 200; Tode, if. 41; Berk., “ Mag. Zool. and Bot.,” No.
10; Karst., “ Pez. et Ascob.,” p. 25; Nyl., “Pez. Fenn.,”
p. 34; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2073. Tympanis obteata
(Wallr.), var. pezizeformis—Wallr., “ Flo. Germ.,” ii.
p. 428. Tapesia Rose—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 301.
Mollisea Rose—Karst., “ Myco. Fenn.,” p. 208. Lachnea
Rose—Gill., “ Champ.,” p. 92.

Exs.—Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,” nov. ed.,359; Karst., “Fung.
Fenn.,” 276; Fekl., “¥F. Rh.,” 1874; Berk., exs. No. 157;
Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” 477; Phil. “Elv. Brit.,” 30.

On dead branches of Rosa canina. Autumn.

Cups 4 a line broad; subiculum tomentose, broadly
effused, indeterminate ; cups scattered or aggregated, at
first urceolate ; margin inflexed, then greatly expanded,
‘when dry corrugated and deformed.

Name—Rosa, the genus to which the wild rose
belongs.

Appin (Capt. Carmichael). King’s Lynn! (Mr. C. B.
Plowright). Clungunford, Salop !

Var. Prunicola. Fckl.

Cups twice the size of those in T. Rose, very black,
and the hairs more brown-black ; asci oblong, stipitate ;

280 BRITISH DISCOMYCETHES,

sporidia uniseriate, cylindrical, obtuse at the ends,straight,
hyaline, 10 x 2u; paraphyses filiform, not clavate.
Tapesia Prunicola—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 302.
Exs.—Fckl, “ F. Rh.,” 1190; Phil., “ Elv. Brit.,” 300.
On branches of Prunus spinosa.
Name—Prunus, the genus to which the sloe belongs ;
growing on sloe.
King’s Lynn! (Mr. C. B. Plowright).

(8) Sporidia septate.
5. Tapesia rhabdosperma. (B. and Br.)

Subiculum thin, tomentose, pale, tawny; cups scat-
tered, of the same colour ; externally paler, villose ; margin
inflexed; hymenium brighter; asci lanceolate, obtuse ;
sporidia 8, filiform, multiguttulate, 65 x 34; paraphyses
slenderly filiform, sometimes branched.

Peziza rhabdosperma—B. and Br., “ Ann. Nat. Hist.,”
No. 1621 ; “ Grevillea,” v. p. 61.

On dead wood. November.

Cups about 500 broad.

This is so near Arachnopeziza awrata—Fckl. (“Symb.
Myco.,” p. 304) that I am disposed to think it at most a
variety, differing in its paler colour. The sporidia cor-
respond exactly.

Name—padoe, a rod, orépp, seed; from the form of
the sporidia.

Leigh Downs! (C. E. Broome).

6. Tapesia aurelia. Pers.)

Sessile, scattered, subventricose, golden-yellow ; subi-
culum thin, whitish; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia
8, oblong or oblong-fusiform, triseptate, 14—20 x 83—5y;
paraphyses slenderly filiform. (Plate VIII. fig. 50.)

Peziza awrelia—Pers., “Myco. Eur.,” p. 270; Fries,
“Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 107; “Eng. Flo.” v. p. 199; Nyl.,
“ Pez. Fenn.,” p. 50; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2065. Peziza
Wauchit—Grev., t. 139 ; Pat., p. 126, f. 285. Arachno-
peziza aurelia—F ckl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 308. Patellaria

TAPESIA. 281

bicolor—Curr., “Linn. Trans.,” xxiv. 491, t. 51, f. 15,
16; Cooke, “Handbk.,” 2175. Lachnew aurelia, Gill,
“Champ.,” p. 91, ¢ i. (exel. sporidia).

Exs—Mong. and Nest., No. 783; Rav., v. No. 41;
Lib., “Crypt. Ard.” No. 127; Fekl, “F. Rh,” 1191;
Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” 568; Phil, “ Elv. Brit,” 29 ; Roumg.,
“Fung. Gal.,” 448.

On the ground beneath decaying oak-leaves, mast,
etc. Spring.

Cups 1 to 2 lines broad, woolly ; subiculum radiating.
A most beautiful species (Berk. in “Eng. Flo.”). The ends
of the sporidia are often furnished with a short cilium.

Name—Avwreus, golden. (

Foxhall, near Edinburgh (Capt. Wauch). Near
Ludlow ! Minsterley, Salop! Whitfield, near Hereford !

B. CUPS EXTERNALLY NAKED.
(a) Sporidia fusiform or oblong.
(a) Sporidia simple.

7. Tapesia sanguinea. (Pers.)

Cups sessile, concave, smooth, becoming blackish ; base
surrounded by a short blood-red tomentum ; asci clavate,
obtuse; sporidia 8, ovoid-oblong or oblong-ellipsoide,
simple, hyaline, 6—10 x 2—8u; paraphyses filiform,
thickened at the apex, fuscescent.

Peziza sanguinea—Pers., “Tent. Disp. Meth.,” p. 34;
and “Myco. Eur.,” p. 273; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 110;
Nees, f. 271; Berk., “Mag. Zool. and Bot.” No. 11;
Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2076; Nyl., “Pez. Fenn.,” p. 51.
Tapesia sanguinea—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 808; Pat.,
p. 87, £91. Patellaria sanguinea—Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,”
p- 232. Phialea sanguinea—Gill, “Champ.,” p. 112.

Exs.—Rabh., “ Herb. Myco.,” ed. ii. 642; and “ Fung.
Eur.,” nov. ed., 226; Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” 148; Fekl,
“F. Rh,” 1187.

On wood, fir, ete. November.

Cups 200 to 400u broad (Ny1.); sporidia 8 x 3u. (Fekl.).

282 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Name—Sanguis, blood ; blood-colour.
Beeston, Nottinghamshire. Shifnal, Salop.

(B) Sporidia septate.
8. Tapesia fusca. (Pers.)

Subiculum formed of densely woven, brown filaments,
at times widely diffused, at other times hardly visible ;
cups scattered or gregarious, concave, brown, then plane,
cinereous, mouth often paler; hymenium pallid-white,
cinereous, or brownish ; externally glabrous; asci clavate ;
sporidia 8, fusiform or oblong-fusiform, simple or 2-guttu-
late, becoming pseudo-septate, 8—16 x 2—3yu. Peziza
fusca—Pers., “Obs.” i. p. 29; “Syn. Fung.,” p. 657;
“Myco. Eur.,” i. p. 272; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 109;
Grev., t. 192; “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 200 (in part); Cooke,
“ Handbk.,” No. 2074; Nyl, “ Pez. Fenn.,” p.50; Karst.,
“Pez. et Ascob.,” p. 26. Tapesia fusca—Fckl., “Symb.
Myco.,” p. 302. Mollisia fusca—Karst., “ Myco. Fenn.,”
p. 207. Phialea fusca—Gill., “ Champ.,” p. 113.

Exs.—Fckl., “F. Rh.,” 1593; Phil, “Elv. Brit.,” 77,
Rhen, “ Asco.,” 153; Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,” ed. ii. 556.

On wood. Spring and autumn.

Cups about 3} a line wide.

Name—Fuscus, brown, with a grey tinge.

Near Shrewsbury! Hereford! Very common.

9. Tapesia Johnstoni. (Berk.)

Sessile ; cups globose or subturbinate, at length open
and rufous, with a satiny lustre, attached beneath to a
broad, black-brown, grumous subiculum.

Peziza Johnstoni—Berk., “ Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 313.

On fallen branches.

“Forming a uniform stratum on decayed sticks. Cups
half a line broad, at first brown and pulverulent, at length
rufous, rather thin, with a satiny lustre, subturbinate,
with the margin permanently inflected, at first quite

closed; subiculum granulated, grumous, obscurely floccose”
(M. J.B). f

DESMAZIERELLA. 283

I have examined the original specimen, but can find
no fruit. In general appearance it greatly resembles
P. Rose. :

Name—After Dr. Johnstone.

Berwick! N.B.

GENUS XI—DESMAZIERELLA. Libert (amended).

Receptacle orbicular ; hymenium disc-shaped, distinct,
hairy with the rigid, bristle-like paraphyses; asci cylin-
drical ; sporidia hyaline, elliptic. Epiphytal. (Plate VIII.
fig. 51.)

Only one species known.

Name—After J. B. H. J. Desmaziéres.

1. Desmazierella acicola. Lib.

Cups scattered, sessile, turbinate, then plane; exter-
nally black, and clothed with a black byssoid tomentum ;
margin ciliated with long, bristle-like hairs; hymenium
dark brown, pilose with the projecting paraphyses ; flesh
pale cinereous; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic,
2-guttulate, 15x8u; paraphyses adherent in bundles,
separated at the summits, which are black and pointed,
exceeding the asci.

Desmazierella acicola—Lib., “Ann. Se. Nat.,” 1829,
p. 82, with figure ; “ Grevillea,” iii. p. 126, t. 42, f. 3.

Exs.—Lib., “ Crypt. Ard.,” 24; Phil. “ Elv. Brit.,” 45;
Winter, “ Fungi Eur.,” 2211; Rehm, “ Asco.,” 705.

On dead leaves of Pinus sylvestris.

Cups about 24 lines broad. This appears at first as
a minute, hairy Chetomiwm-like body, nearly black, after-
wards expanding into a sublentiform disc. The brown
hairs of the hymenium, being prolongations of the para-
physes, give this plant a striking character.

ame—Acus, a needle, colo, to inhabit; on pine-
needles.

Wrekin, and Acton Burnell, Salop! Trefriw, North
Wales! Aberdeen! (J. W. H. Trail).

284 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Genus XII.—Prrott#a. SAccaRDo.

Cup superficial, or between erumpent and superficial,
sessile, scutellate, nearly carbonaceous, black, clothed
with short rigid bristles ; asci 8-spored ; sporidia oblong,
continuous, hyaline. (Plate VIII. fig. 52.)

The habit of Pyrenopezize, but setulose (Sacc. in
“ Mich.,” i. p. 424,

Name—After R. Pirotta.

_ Only one British species.

Pirottea vectis. (B. and Br.)

Cups scattered, sessile, subglobose, then hemispherical ;
externally dark brown or nearly black, clothed with
short, rigid, brown, bristle-like hairs ; hymenium concave,
pallid-cinereous; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8,
elongate-fusiform, curved, or vermiform, 1 to 3-septate,
25 X 44; paraphyses slenderly filiform. (Plate VIII.
fig. 52.

co vectis—B. and Br., “ Ann. Nat. Hist.,’ No. 957
Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2063.

On dead stems of Centawrea nigra.

Cups 800u broad. The short, rigid, nearly black
hairs are chiefly on the margin, and are intermixed with
brown polygonal granules.

Name— Vectis, the name of the Isle of Wight.

Ryde! (Rev. A. Bloxam).

Order III—ASCOBOLEZ. Boud.

Receptacle sessile, plane or convex, fleshy or sub-
gelatinous ; asci broad, never cylindrical, easily emergent,
rendering the dise papillate by their prominent summits.
(Plate IX. figs, 53-58.)

Named from the typical genus.

_ For the most part growing on old dung of animals
in rail places ; sometimes on earth or decaying vegetable
matter.

BOUDIERA. 285

The soft, fleshy, subgelatinous texture; the papillate
hymenium, arising from the protruding asci, which are-..
always broadly clavate; and the growth of nearly all
species on the dung of animals, are ready characters by
which to distinguish the plants of this order from Pezize.
They rarely exceed 2 lines in breadth, the majority
being much less.

ARRANGEMENT OF THE GENERA.
A. Sporidia having a coloured B. Sporidia hyaline.

epispore. i IV. Thecotheus.
I. Boudiera. V. Ryparobius.
II. Ascobolus. VI. Ascophanus.

TII. Saccobolus.

Key To THE GENERA.
A. Sporidia coloured, usually purple.

Sporidia globose .. ve +» Boudiera.
Sporidia elliptic.
Sporidia free in ascus me 5 Ascobolus.

Sporidia inclosed in a common membrane
within the ascus .. By a +. Saccobolus,

B. Sporidia hyaline.
Sporidia not more than 8 in ascus (except

seadecimsporus) er a és Ascophanus.
Sporidia more than 8 in ascus.
Asci very large, much exserted .. +. Thecotheus.

Asci small, but broad > a e+ Ryparobius,

Section A.—SPORIDIA COLOURED.
Genus I.—Bovupiera. Cooke in “ Grevillea,” vi. p. 76.

Immarginate, obicular, discoid, plane or convex,
fleshy; hymenium papillate; asci clavate or clavate-
cylindrical, ejected; sporidia globose; paraphyses dis-
tinct. (Plate IX. fig. 53.)

Name—After E. Boudier.

Boudiera areolata. Cooke and Phil.

Cups dark brown, orbicular, convex ; asci clavate
cylindrical ; sporidia 8, globose, deeply areolate, hyaline,
brownish, 304; paraphyses stout, septate, clavate, and
brown at the apice- (Plate IX. fig. 53.)

286 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Boudiera areolata—Cooke and Phil., “ Grevillea,” vi.
. 76.
On moist ground on the margin of a lake. May.
Receptacles about 1 to 1} line broad.
Name—Areola, little beds in a garden; from the
depressions on the sporidia.
Llyn Gwernon, North Wales !

Gxenus II—Ascopotus. Pers.

Sessile, disc plane or convex, papillate from the pro-
jecting asci; sporidia 8, elliptic, coloured, free in the
ascus. (Plate 1X. fig. 54.)

Name—ackéc, leather bag, wine-skin, and PédAoc, a
projection; from the projecting asci.

Distinguished from Boudiera by the elliptic sporidia,
and from Saccobolus by the sporidia being free in the
ascus, 4.¢. not inclosed in a common membrane.

ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES.

A. Exterior of the cup smooth Ste -» species 1-4
B. Exterior of cup furfuraceous or granulated ,, 5-9

c. Exterior of cup pilose .. . oe » 10,11
Key To THE SPECIEs,

Exterior smooth as ws sie a ae il

Exterior rough ane or ae a sa 12

Exterior pilose, pale ochre .. . brunneus.

Exterior clothed with hyaline hairs, yellowish-
green .. oe oe es .. oe +. tmmersus.
urbinate ; exterior yellowish-green ax ~» denudatus.

Subcylindrical ; exterior yellowish-green, shining.. zrugineus.

1. 4 Flattish ; exterior dull purple ; margin laciniate .. vinosus.

Oblong-globose, then pyriform; exterior white, -
orange, or vinous-brown ts as ». glaber.

Globose or hemispherical; exterior pale yellowish-
green:on pigeon-dung.. aA a +. viridulus.

Flattish ; exterior umber-brown: on charcoal .. —_atro-fuscus.

Globose to hemispherical ; exterior greenish-yellow :

2.4__on cow-dung — its sis eG Ss -. furfuraceus.
Flattened ; exterior dark, dingy, yellowish-green : on
clay ground .. 3 viridis.

Globose, then flattened : exterior greenish-yellow :
\ on grouse-dung... oe oe a 2+ erenulatus.

ASCOBOLUS. 287

A. EXTERIOR SMOOTH.

1. Ascobolus denudatus. Fries.

Gregarious, yellowish-green, smooth, turbinate, sub-
stipitate; hymenium plane; asci clavate; sporidia 8, -
elliptic, violet, at length brown; epispore reticulated,
17 X 8; paraphyses rather stout, clavate, forked, or with
irregular processes at the summits.

Ascobolus denudatus—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 162;
Cooke, “Jour. Bot.” (1864), f. 2; Crouan, “Flo. Fin.,” p.
57; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2196; B. and Br., “Ann.
Nat. Hist.,” No. 1088, t. 16, f. 24; Boud., “ Ascob.,” p. 26,
t. 5, £3; Fekl, “Symb. Myco.,” p. 287; Gill, “Champ.,”
p. 189.

Exs.—F kl, “F. Rh.,” 1849. :

On old fir-poles; on the ground, attached to decayed
leaves, ete. Autumn.

Cups about 1 line’ broad.

Name—Denudatus, made naked.

Marlborough Forest; Stopham, Sussex! (Mr. C. H.
Spencer Perceval). Norton Camp, Craven Arms, Salop !
Ereall Hill, Salop! Leigh Downs, near Bristol! (Mr. C.
Bucknall)

2. Ascobolus erugineus. Fries.

Sessile, gregarious, at first globose or subcylindrical,
smooth, somewhat shining, translucent, from yellowish-
green approaching olive when old, but not purple;
hymenium plane, marginate, becoming nigro-punctate ;
asci narrowly clavate; sporidia 8, elliptic, violet or
purplish-violet, at length brown, rugose, rugze anasto-
mosing, sometimes smooth, 15—17 x 8u; paraphyses
filiform, septate, hyaline, mvolved in sulphur-green
gelatine. :

Ascobolus wrugineus—Fries, “ Obs.,” ii. p. 310; “Sys.
Myco.,” ii. p. 165; Cooke, “Jour. Bot.,” 1864; Boud.,
“ Ascob.,” p. 32, t. 7, £12; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 146. Asco-
bolus marginatus—Schum., “ Seel.,” ii. p. 437.

On horse-dung. August.

288 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Cups about } to 3% a line broad; flesh olive; disc
becomes black when dry.
Name—Zrugo, verdigris; from the colour.

8. Ascobolus vinosus. Berk.

Sessile, at first globose, then depressed, smooth, dull
purple; margin laciniate; hymenium plane or convex,
livid-purple; asci broadly clavate; sporidia 8, elliptic,
rugose, ruge anastomosing, at first colourless, then
purple, at length brown, 23 x 13u; paraphyses filiform,
septate, scarcely coloured, enveloped in livid gelatine.

Ascobolus vinosus—Berk., “Eng. Flo.” v. p. 209;
“ OutL,” p. 374; Cooke, “Jour. Bot.,” 1864; B. and Br.,
« Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 1083,* t. 16, £25; Boud., “ Ascob.,”
p. 31, t. 6, f. xi; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2201; Gill,
“Champ.,” p. 145.

Exs.—Berk., No. 159; Fekl, “F. Rh.,” 1852; Phil.
“ Elv. Brit.,” No. 95.

On rabbit-dung in‘woods. Autumn.

Cups about 3 to 1 line broad. The pseudo-parenchyma
consists of dark purple-brown cells.

Name—Vinum, wine; colour of wine.

Common and generally distributed.

Haughmond Hill, and Attingham, near Shrewsbury !
Ereall Hill, Salop !

4. Ascobolus glaber. Pers.

Sessile, minute, crowded, rarely scattered, glabrous,
shining, subgelatinous, oblong-globose, then pyriform ;
base immersed, appearing hemispherical, plane or convex,
varying in colour from white or orange to vinous-
brown; asci broadly cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8,
elliptic, clear violet, rugose, rugee anastomosing, 25 x 13;
paraphyses Gliform. .

Ascobolus glaber—Pers., “Obs.,” i. p. 34, t. 4, f. 7;
“Syn. Fung.” p. 667; “Myco. Eur.,” i. p. 340; Bivona,
“ Man.,” iv. p. 27, t. vif. 4; A.and &, p. 348: Fries, “ Sys.
Myco.,” ii. p. 164; Cheval. “Flo. Par.” i. p. 383; Mérat.,
“Filo. Par.,”i. p. 254; Berk., “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 209; “Outl.,”

ASCOBOLUS 289

p. 874; Cooke, “Jour. Bot.,” 1864, f. 4; B. and Br., “ Ann.
Nat. Hist.,” 1085*, t. 16, f. 27; Crouan, “Flo. Finn.,” p.
57; Nyl, “Pez. Fenn.,” p. 83; Karst. “Myco. Fenn.,”
p. 78; Boud, “Ascob..” p. 33, t. 7, f 18-15; Fekl,
“Symb. Myco.,” p. 287; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2208;
Gill, “Champ.” p. 145. Ascobolus albidws—Crouan,
“ Ann. Sc. Nat.” (1858), t. 18, f. 1-6; “ Flo. Fin.,” p. 57.
Exs.—Karst., “ Fung. Fenn.,” 542.
On cow-dung, horse-dung, and rabbit-dung. Autumn.
Cups about 4 to 4 a line broad; they are decidedly
pyriform when removed from the matrix.. The convex
disc is covered with black papille, which are the summits
of the asci, containing the dark sporidia.
Monsieur Boudier has three forms, distinguished by
their colour—
1. Altogether white or whitish (Asc. albidus—Crouan,
L. ¢.).
4 Pale fulvous; dise darker (Asc. glaber—Pers.).
3. Fulvous; disc purple-brown.
Name—Glaber, smooth.
Northamptonshire (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Batheaston
(Mr. C. E. Broome). Shelly Oak, near Birmingham ! (Mr.
W.B.Grove). Ford, near Shrewsbury !

B. EXTERIOR FURFURACEOUS OR GRANULATED.

5. Ascobolus viridis. Curr.

Sessile, plane or very slightly concave, of a dark,
dingy, yellowish-green colour; externally very fur-
furaceous, almost tomentose; asci clavate; sporidia 8,
elliptic, acuminate, rugose-striate, amethyst-purple,
32 x 184; paraphyses rather stout, generally clavate
or subfusiform at the summits, enveloped in a pale
greenish mucus. (Plate IX. fig. 54.)

Ascobolus viridis—Curr. in “Linn. Trans.,” xxiv.
p- 154, 1863; Cooke, “Jour. Bot.,” 1864; Boud., “ Ann.
Se. Nat.,” 1869, vol. x. t. 5, f. 4; B. and Br., “ Ann. Nat.
Hist.” No. 1081; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2197; Gill,

« Champ.,” p. 140.
u

290 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Exs.—Phil., “ Elv. Brit.,” 196.

On damp clay ground in woods. Autumn.

Cups 2 to 3 lines broad.

Name—Viridis, green. ;

Hanham, near Bristol (Mr. C. E. Broome). Leigh
Woods, Clifton (Mr. C. E. Broome). Poynton Springs,
Salop !

6. Ascobolus furfuraceus. Pers.

Sessile, globose, then expanded; externally greenish-
yellow, furfuraceous; hymenium slightly concave, then
plane, at length convex, same colour, when old growing
blackish-brown; margin furfuraceous, denticulate, or
submembranaceous, friable ; asci broadly clavate; sporidia
8, elliptic, epispore rugose-striate, rugee anastomosing,
purple, growing brown, 20—22 x 10u; paraphyses fili-
form, septate, enveloped in sulphur-yellow gelatine.

Ascobolus furfwraceus—Pers., “Tent. Disp. Meth.,”
p. 25; “ Obs.” i p. 33, t 4, f. 3-6; “Syn. Fung.,”
p. 676; “Myco. Eur.” i. p. 340; A. and &, p. 348;
Schum., “Saell.,” ii. p. 436; Rebent., p. 388; Bernhard,
“Manip.,” iv. t. 9, f. 5; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 163;
Grev., “Se. Crypt. Flo.,” vi. p. 807; Cheval., “ Flo. En.
Par.,” i. p. 8303; Merat., “Flo. En. Par.,” i. 254; Kromb.,
t. v. f. 45, 48; Schw., “Syn.” p. 178; Wallr., “Crypt.
Flo.,” f. 515 ; Coemans, “ Not. Ascob. Belg.,” 1862, p. 18;
“Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 209; Berk., “Outl.,” p. 874; De Not.,
“ Dise.,” p. 6; Curr., “Linn. Trans.,” xxiv., t. xxv., £9;
Cooke, “Jour. Bot.,” May, 1864, f. 1; Kickx., “Flo.
Crypt. Flan,” i. p. 479; Crouan, “Flo. Finn.,” p. 57;
Nyl., “Pez. Fenn.,” p. 82; Karst. “Myco. Fenn.,” p, 76;
Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2200; Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,”
p. 286; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 144,¢.i. Peziza stercoraria
—Bull., t. 376, 538, f. 4; Sow., t. 18, 389, f. 3-6. P.
fusca—Bolt., t. 109, f. 2.

Exs.—Rav., exs. vi. No. 81; Fekl., “F. Rh,,” No.
11382; Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” ed. i. No. 1315, ed. ii. No.
715; Karst. “Fung. Fenn.” 170; Phil., “Elv. Brit.,” 46;

ASCOBOLUS, 291

Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” ii. No. 189; Rehm, “ Asco.,” No. 1;
Rav., “Fung. Am.,” 312, 682.

On old cow-dung. Spring and autumn.

Cups from 4 to } of a line broad. When young and
moist the cups are pale yellowish green; when old the
disc is black, and the prominent margin dirty-white and
granulose.

Name—Furfur, bran; branny or scurfy

Universally distributed.

7. Ascobolus viridulus. Phil. and Plow.

Scattered, sessile, hemispherical, concave, then ex-
panded, submarginate, thick, pale yellowish-green,
coarsely granulated; asci clavate; sporidia 8, elliptic,
violet, becoming brown, rugose-striate, 13 x 64; para-
physes rather stout, distinctly septate, clavate at the
apices, enveloped in a pale green mucus.

Ascobolus viridulus—Phil. and Plow. in “Grevillea,”
viii. p. 103.

On rejectamenta of birds (pigeons ?). Spring.

Cups } to 2 of a line broad. This has-much the out-
ward character of A. furfwraceus in a young state, but
the sporidia are very much smaller.

Name—Viridis, green ; slightly green.

Haughmond Hill, near Shrewsbury !

8. Ascobolus atro-fuscus. Phil. and Plow.

Sessile, crowded or scattered, blackish-brown, con-
cave, then plane; margin crenulate; externally fur-
furaceous; asci clavate; sporidia 8, broadly elliptic,
obtuse, hyaline, then purple, at length brown, epispore
granulated or verrucose, 22 x 134; paraphyses linear,
occasionally branched.

Ascobolus atro-fuscus—Phil. and Plow. in “Grevillea,”
ii. p. 186, t. 24, f 1. Ase. viridis—Boud., “Ann. Se.
Nat.,” 1869, vol. x. t. 5, f. 4; Gill, “Champ.” p. 140.
Asc. carbonicola—Boud., “Soe. Bot. de Fr.,” October, 1877.

Exs.—Phil, “ Elv. Brit.,” No. 47.

On a charcoal bed. July.

292 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Cups 1 to 3 lines broad. The verrucose epispore
distinguishes this from its congeners.

Name—Ater, black, fuscus, brown.

Wrekin, Shropshire !

9. Ascobolus crenulatus. Karst.

Gregarious, sessile, at first globose, then flattened,
nearly plane, greenish-yellow, furfuraceous ; margin
crenulate; asci clavate; sporidia 8, elliptic, striate, vio-
late, becoming brownish, 12—16 x 6—8u; paraphyses
slender.

Ascobolus crenulatus—Karst., “ Fung. Fenn.,” exs.
763; “Pez, et Ascob.,” p. 202; “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 77;
“ Grevillea,” iv. p. 112.

Exs,—Karst., “ Fung. Fenn.,” No. 763.

On grouse-dung.

“Cups about 4 to 2 of a line broad; disc of the
Rannoch specimens vinous when old, retaining the
greenish colour at the base of the cups” (M. C. Cooke).

Name—COrena, a notch ; slightly crenate.

Rannoch, N.B. (Dr. Buchanan White).

C. EXTERIOR PILOSE.
10. Ascobolus brunneus. Cooke.

Cups sessile, minute, globose, then depressed, sessile;
externally pilose, pale ochre ; asci broadly clavate, short ;
sporidia 8, elliptic, at first hyaline and granular, at length
brown, 25—35 x 15u; paraphyses filiform.

Ascobolus brunneus—Cooke in “ Fung. Brit.,” 1867;
“Hedw.,” vi. p. 154; “Handbk.,” No. 2205; not Asc.
brunneus—Boud., “ Ann. Se. Nat.,’ 1869.

Exs.—Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” 286.

On cow-dung.

Name—Brunneus, deep brown.

Shere, Surrey (Dr. M. C. Cooke).

11. Ascobolus immersus. Pers.

Immersed or slightly erumpent, very minute, sub-
cylindrical or pyriform, clear yellowish-green; coated

SACCOBOLUS. 293

externally with very minute, simple, or fasciculate,
hyaline hairs; hymenium shining, a little undulating;
asci large, broadly clavate, very much exsrrted ; sporidia
8, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, bright violet, becoming
brown, faintly and distantly rimose 01 smooth, each
enclosed ina wide hyaline membrane fille with a colour-
less liquid, 50—70 x 30—48u; paraphys3s filiform.

Ascobolus immersus—Pers., “Syn Fung.” 677;
“Myco. Eur.,” i, p. 341; Nees, “Sys.,’ f. 297; Fries,
“Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 164; Cheval. “Flo. En. Par.,” i. p.
303; Duby, “Bot. Gall,” ii p. 739; Ccoemans, “ Not.
Ascob. Belg.,” p. 12, No. 1; Kickx., “Flo. Flan.,” i. p.
478; Nyl, “Pez. Fenn.,” p. 84; Karst., “Mon. Pez.,”
3 204; Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 80; B. and Br., “ Ann.

at. Hist.,” No. 1089, t. 17, f£. 88; Boud., “ Ascob.,” p. 36,

t. 8, fig. xvii.; Fekl, “Symb. Myco.,” p. 286; Cooke,
“Handbk.,” No. 2204; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 144 Ase.
macrosporus—Crouan, “Ann. Sc. Nat.,” 1857, t. 4 B,
f. 5-8; Cooke, “Jour. Bot.,” 1864, £7. Asc. gigasporus
—De Not., “ Dise,” p. 6.

Exs.—Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” ed. ii. No. 397.

On cow, sheep, horse, and goose dung. Autumn.

About 300 to 800u broad. Easily recognized by the
large sporidia—larger than in any other species.

Name—Immergo, to plunge; immersed.
\ Batheaston (Mr. C. E. Broome). Longmynd, Salop,
on goose-dung !

Genus III.—Saccozotus. Boud.

Receptacle fleshy, sessile; externally glabrous, shining ;
hymenium plane, then convex, bright, covered with the
small exserted asci, resembling black shining granules;
asci short, broad, almost quadrate at the apices, attenu-
ated at the base, and then nearly wedge-shaped, the
dehiscent operculum often triangular, not umbonate;
sporidia 8; epispore waxy, smooth, very sparsely,
minutely, and often transversely rimose, inclosed in a

294 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

common membrane, when mature variously aggregated
at the extremity of the asci. (Plate IX. fig. 55.)

Small species growing on dung. Easily distinguished
from the preceding by the short and large asci, which
are less prominent, and only at maturity in the form of
projecting round black points; by the sporidia being
enclosed in a common membrane; and by the shorter
paraphyses.

Name—oakxog, sac, Baw, a projection.

ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES.

a. Exterior of cup smooth .. re ++ species 1-5
B. Exterior pubescent ot ae oe »
Key To THE SPECIES.

Exterior of cup golden-yellow se Ee .» Kerverni.

Exterior of cup fuliginous .. re an +. obscurus.

Exterior of cup violet.. we violaceus.

Exterior of cup pallid or whitish ey all

Cups plane, pallid, then vinous... Be .. depauperatus.
1. ,Cups globose, white, then cinereous on .. _neglectus.

Cups hemispherical, white, and pubescent. . cvsariatus.

A. EXTERIOR OF CUP SMOOTH.

1. Saccobolus Kerverni. (Crouan.)

Very small, scattered or crowded, golden yellow or
amber, glabrous, shining, sessile, hemispherical, some-
times subcylindrical; hymenium flat or convex; asci
wide, incurved; sporidia 8, elliptic, at first white, then
rosy, and finally of a beautiful violet, smooth, or rarely
minutely and irregularly rimose, disposed at the summit
of the ascus in an oblong mass, enclosed in a hyaline
membrane, 20—23 x 10u; paraphyses branched, septate,
a little thickened at the summits, enveloped in a golden
or yellowish-green gelatine.

Ascobolus Kerverni—Crouan in “Ann. Se. Nat.,”
1858, t. x. pl. 13, B, f. 7-10; “ Flo. Finn.,” p. 57; Cooke,
“Jour. Bot.,” 1864, f. 8; Fekl, “Symb. Myco.,” p. 287;
B, and Br., “ Ann. Se. Nat.,” No. 1090, t. 17, f. 34; Karst.,
“Myco. Fenn.,” p. 78; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2206;
Gill., “Champ.,” p.141,¢. i. Ascobolus glaber—Ccemans,

SACCOBOLUS, 295

“Not. Ascob. Belg.,” 1862, p. 14; Kickx., “Crypt. Flan.,”
i. p. ae Saccobolus Kerverni—Boud., “ Ascob.,” p. 39,
t. 8, f. 18.

Exs—Fekl, exs. Nx 1836; Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,”
ed. ii. 399.

On old cow-dung. October.

Cups 400 to 6004 broad.

Name—After Capt. D. Kervern.

‘3 Bathford ! (Mr. C. E. Broome). Forden, Montgomery-

shire.

2. Saccobolus obscurus. (Cooke.)

Subgregarious, sometimes densely crowded, fuliginous
or dark brown; hymenium convex, rather paler; asci
clavate; sporidia elliptic, rough, becoming violet, then
brown, 12—14 x 7p, enclosed in a common hyaline
membrane; paraphyses filiform, simple.

Ascobolus (Saccobolus) obsewrus—Cooke in “Gre-
villea,” iv. p. 112.

On old sacking.

Cups 200 to 900 broad.

Name—Obscurus, of a dark colour.

Forden, Montgomeryshire! (Dr. M. C. Cooke).

3. Saccobolus neglectus. Boud.

Very minute, at first globose, glabrous, scarcely
shining, white or becoming cinereous, or finally cinereus-
purple, paler at the. base; hymenium often fulvous, at
certain times, therefore, covered with the exserted asci
and appearing black; asci minute, broad, attenuated at
the base, hyaline, operculum plane; sporidia 8, elliptic,
sub-acuminate, smooth, roseate, passing into cinereous-
violet and black, 15—19 x 6—8y, enclosed in a common
hyaline membrane; paraphyses simple or branched,
scarcely thickened at the apices, hyaline, septate, in-
volved in a scarcely visible gelatine.

Saccobolus neglectus—Boud., “ Ascob.,” p. 41, t. 9,
f. 20; Phil. and Plow., “Grevillea,” 10, p. 69; Gill,
“Champ.,” p. 141.

296 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

On rabbit-dung. Spring.

Cups 200 to 500 broad, convex, when dry brown.

Name—WNeglectus, neglected. ;

King’s Lynn! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Leigh Woods,
near Bristol! (Mr. C. Bucknall).

4, Saccobolus violasceus. Boud.

Scattered or crowded, minute, sessile, glabrous,
shining, hemispherical, then more or less expanded,
violet or cinereous-violet ; hymenium scarcely paler, con-
vex, rarely undulated; asci broad, attenuated at the
base; operculum plane; sporidia 8, elliptic, sub-acute,
often navicular, at first hyaline, then rosy, at length
approaching a blue-violet or violet-black, smooth, 15 x 9p,
enclosed in a common hyaline membrane; paraphyses
septate, apices pyriform, becoming violet-colour. (Plate
IX. fig. 55.)

Saccobolus wolasceus—Boud., “ Ascob.,” p. 41, t. 8,
f.19. Ascobolus violasceus—Phil. and Plow., “ Grevillea,”
ili. p. 126; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 141, «i.

Exs.—Phil., “ Elv. Brit.” No. 48.

On cow-dung. Autumn.

Cups 3 to 1 line broad, subgelatinous.

Name—Violasceus, of a violet-colour.

King’s Lynn! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Wrekin, Salop !

5. Saccobolus depauperatus. (B. and Br.)

Cups minute, plane, pallid, then vinous; asci short,
broad, oblong, base abruptly narrowed to a short stem;
sporidia 8, obtusely fusiform, lurid violet, even,
10—12 X 6:54; enclosed in a common hyaline sac; para-
physes filiform, septate, slightly incrassated at the summit.

Ascobolus depauperatus—B. and Br., “Ann. Nat.
Hist.,” No. 1084, t. 14, £ 6; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2207.

On dung of sheep, horse, and deer.

“Cups minute, not exceeding y} 5 of an inch in
diameter, yellowish when young, becoming vinous, but
sometimes when old losing their purplish tint” (B.
and Br.).

SACCOBULUS. 297

Name—Depaupero, to impoverish.
Spye Park, Bathford, Hanham, ete. (Mr. C. E.
Broome).

B. EXTERIOR PUBESCENT.

6. Saccobolus cesariatus. Renny.

Minute, hemispherical, white, clothed with colourless,
septate, slender, flexuous hairs; hymenium convex, papil-
late from the exserted asci; asci broadly clavate ; sporidia
elliptic, purple, smooth, enclosed in a common hyaline
sac ; paraphyses filiform, rather stout, simple, or branched.

Saccobolus cesariatus—Renny in litt.

This is an exceedingly beautiful species, very minute,
but, unfortunately, no dimensions are given, nor yet the
habitat. It resembles a pure white, sessile Lachnella.

Name—Cesariatus, covered with hairs.

Section B.—SPORIDIA HYALINE.
Genus IV.—THEcoTHEUS. Boud in “ Ascob.”

Receptacle waxy, sessile; hymenium erumpent, im-
marginate, opaque, subpruinose, at first plane, then con-
vex, rough with crystalline points, which are the much
exserted asci; paraphyses longer, very slender, numerous,
involved in gelatine; asci large, elongated, but broad,
polysporus in the species noted, sub-umbonate at the apex,
when mature exserted about half their length; sporidia
hyaline, with a conspicuous central nucleus, free, larger
epispore smooth, the young ones very commonly sur-
rounded singly by mucilage (Boudier, J. c.). (Plate IX.
fig. 56.) ‘

‘ Name—O«n, thecus, dOéw, I push; from the project-
ing asci.

One species only.

1. Thecotheus Pelletiert. (Crouan.)

Scattered or crowded, at first conical, then cylindrical,
at length rotund-applanate, grey or cinereous-lilac;

298 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

covered externally with an excessively subtle white
pruina; hymenium opaque, often paler; asci elongated,
very large, broad, opening at the apex by a subumbonate
operculum; sporidia 32, hyaline, larger than in Rypa-
robius, elliptic, subacuminate, the young ones filled with
conspicuous minute drops, and surrounded singly with
gelatine, the mature ones naked, with one central nucleus,
27 X 144; paraphyses slender, septate, hyaline, branched
from the base, enveloped in hyaline gelatine. (Plate IX.
fig. 56.)

Ascobolus Pelletieri—Crouan, “ Ann. Se. Nat.,” 1857,
vol. vii. p. 178, & iv. a. fi 1-4; “Flo. Finn.,” p. 56;
Coemans, “Not. Ascob. Belg,” p. 15; “Bull. Soc. Belg.,”
i. p. 88; Kickx., “Crypt. Flan.” i. p. 477; Pat. p. 74,
f. 172. Thecotheus Pelletieri—Boud., “ Ascob.,” p. 46,
t.9, f. 22; Phil. and Plow., “ Grevillea,” x. p. 69.

On horse-dung. It is also found on dung of cows,
sheep, and dogs.

Cups 4 to 1 line broad. Easily recognized by the
large asci and numerous sporidia.

Name—After Captain Pelletier. ‘

Grown under glass, Bristol! (Mr. C. Bucknall). Scar-
borough ! (Mr. Massee).

Genus V.—Ryparosius. Boud.

Very minute, hardly visible to the naked eye, waxy,
marginate, sessile; hymenium plane; punctate from the
prominent asci, when dry margin inflexed, rotundate;
asci minute, but proportionately very broad, often ovate,
scarcely attenuated at the base; always polysporus,
opening by a large convex operculum, scarcely rising
above the mature disc; sporidia very minute, hya-
line, very numerous, never granulose within, nucleus
hardly visible, when mature aggregated into an oblon
fy By but easily separable (Boudier, J. ¢.). (Plate IX.

ig. 57.
Distinguished from the preceding genus by the smaller

RYPAROBIUS. 299

size of the receptacle and the colourless and numerous
sporidia,
Name—pvuzapéc, dirty, Bloc, life; living on dung.

ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES.
A. Exterior of cup smooth.

(a) Margin not ciliated .. ate «. species 1-2
(6) Margin ciliatid ae ea ve » 3-5
B. Exterior hairy oe or ie ave » &8
Key to THE Spacigs.
Exterior fulvous ets cs as ae -. Cooket.
Exterior white a a ais ae » 1
1 {eerie elliptic ais Se 3 oe svat Be
*\Sporidia fusiform ‘Se i ius tee ae. 28
Margin fringed ; sporidia 16-24 .. ae .» parvisporus.
2. ;Margin ciliated ; sporidia 128 ae ise -. subhirtus.
Margin not ciliated ade os os .. dubius.
3 eae hairy ; sporidia 64 .. Be ts .. Woothopensis.
‘| Hairs on margin only srs = oo nse
Hairs short, irregular; sporidia 64-96 8 .. Levielleanus.
Hairs short, rough ; sporidia 32... Ae .. Crouani.
Hairs soft; sporidia 64; cups globose, then ap-
planate ex a an oe i .., argenteus.

A. EXTERIOR OF QUP ‘SMOOTH.
(a) Margin not ciliated.
1. Ryparobius Cooket. (Crouan.)

Very much crowded, rarely scattered, extremely
minute, hemispherical, glabrous, fulvous, paler at the
base ; margin irregularly paler ; hymenium plane, whitish
or pallid-fulvous, papillate from the exserted asci; sporidia
64, oblong-elliptic, hyaline, scarcely acute, 8—10_ _4—5u;
paraphyses scarce, hyaline, septate, scarcely thickened at
the apices. (Plate IX. fig. 57.)

Ascobolus Cooket—Crouan, “Flo. Finn.,” p. 56, fig. 3;
Cooke, “ Grevillea,” i. p. 182. Ryparobius Cooket—Boud.,
“ Ascob.,” p. 48, t. 9,f. 24. Ascobolus myriadeus—Karst.,
“Fung. Fenn.,” exs. No. 552. <Ascobolus polysporus—
Auers. in “ Hedwig,” 1868, p. 51. Ascobolus crustaceus
—Fckl, “Symb. Myco.,” p. 288; Karst., “Mon. Pez.,”
p. 208 ; Pezizula crustacea—Karst., “ Myco. Fenn.,” p. 81.

300 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Exs.—F ckl., “ F. Rh.,” No. 1858; Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,”
No. 552.

On cow and rabbit dung.

Cups 100 to 200u broad.

Name—After Dr. M. C. Cooke.

Near Hereford (Mr. J. Renny). Near London (Dr.
M. C. Cooke). Near Bath (Mr. C. E. Broome). Forres,
N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith).

2. Ryparobius dubius. Boud.

Scattered, excessively minute, often immersed, rotun-
date, pallid-grey or fulvous; hymenium convex, pellucid,
immarginate; asci oblong or oblong-ovate, hyaline,
obtuse at the base, or slightly attenuated; sporidia
128 (2), elliptic, hyaline, subacute; paraphyses none or
very rare, short, hyaline, septate.

Ryparobius dubius—Boud., “ Ascob.,” t. 10, f. 26;
B. and Br., “ Ann. Se. Nat.,” No. 1392; Cooke, “ Grevillea,”
ii, p. 163; Bucknall, “Fung. Bristol,” pt. 2, p. 349.

On horse and rabbit dung:

This is the smallest and least visible species of the
genus, being difficult to discover even with the aid of
a lens. It is distinguished from its congeners by its
numerous sporidia, its being generally paler in colour,
immersed, always scattered, and having asci not narrowed
at the base into a stem.

Name—Dubius, doubtful.

Leigh Downs, near Bristol! (Mr. C. Bucknall). “Bath-
ford (Mr. C. E. Broome).

(6) Margin ciliated.
3. Ryparobius Crowani. (Renny.)

Very minute, at first clear white, then whitish, fragile,
sessile, hemispherical, glabrous, exterior of cup formed of
a single series of cells; margin ciliated with a single
series of short, rough, subacuminate hairs; asci broadly
clavate; sporidia 32, oblong-fusiform, obtuse at the
ends, hyaline, smooth ; paraphyses not seen.

Ascozonus Orowani—Renny in “Trans. Woolhope

RYPAROBIUS. 301

Club,” 1878, p. 180, t. 3, f. 6-10; and “Jour. Bot.,” 1874,
p. 356, t. 154, f 6-10.

On rabbit-dung. Autumn.

Cups zhq, rarely y},, of an inch broad, formed of a
single layer of subeubical cells, with a single row of
sharp, pointed hairs, often roughened on their sides about
4 to % of the whole height; disc plane, granulate; asci
narrower than usual; sporidia normally 32, oblongo-fusi-
form. To be distinguished from A. cwnicularis by the
shorter and tapering rough cilia, as well as by the thinness
and transparency of the walls (Renny).

Name—After M.M. Crouan fréres.

Hereford (Mr. James Renny).

4. Ryparobius argenteus. B. and Br.

Very minute, at first globose, then applanate, silvery-
white, ciliated with soft hairs; asci short, broad, spo-
ridiferous; cysts elliptic, seated towards the apex;
sporidia 64, fusiform, hyaline, smooth, 17 x 7-6u; para-
physes filiform, furcate, tips slightly enlarged.

Ryparobius argenteus—B. and Br. in “Ann. Nat.
Hist.,’ No. 1894; “Grevillea,” ii. 168. Ascozonus cuni-
cularius—Renny, “Trans. Woolhope Club,” 18738, p. 129,
t. i, £. 1-4; and “Jour. Bot.,” 1874, p. 355, t. 155, f. 1-4.

On rabbit-dung, for the most part attached to fila-
ments of Mucor.

Cups 100y across, scarcely visible to the naked eye;
asci opening with a little lid, which splits vertically.
Comes near to R. felinus (Boud.), but has soft hairs, and
is of a pure white (B. and Br.). ' But for the colourless
sporidia, this, as well as Nos. 6 and 7, should belong to
Saccobolus, on account of the “sporidiferous cysts.”

Name—Argentum, silver, having a silvery appear-
ance.

Near Hereford (Mr. Renny).

5. Ryparobius Leveilleanus. (Renny.)

Very minute, shortly stipitate, silvery white; stem
formed of rounded, prominent cells; body of cup of

302 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

smaller, much-flattened cells; margin ciliated with a
single row of short irregular hairs; hymenium papillate ;
asci very broad, tapering below, with an umbonate
operculum ; sporidia 64 to 96, oblong-fusiform, obtuse at
the ends, hyaline, smooth; paraphyses not seen.

Ascozonus Leveilleanus—Renny in “ Trans. Woolhope
Club,” 1873, p. 180, f. 1-5. A. Leveillei—Renny, “ Jour.
Bot.,” 1874, p. 356, t. 154, f. 1-5.

On rabbit-dung. Winter.

Cups gly to by of an inch wide (Renny).

Name—After J. H. Leéveillé.

Hereford (Mr. J. Renny).

B. EXTERIOR HAIRY.

6. Ryparobius Woolhopensis. Renny.

Minute, scattered, at first pure white, then dingy;
cups with a thick stem-like base, which is tuberculate,
covered with close-set hairs, which fringe the margin, at
length expanding, the hairs disappearing with age; sub-
stance of base vesicular; asci broadly clavate, spori-
diferous, cysts seated towards the apices; sporidia 64,
broadly fusiform, hyaline, smooth, 17—18 x 5u; para
physes filiform, stout, simple.

Ryparobius Woolhopensis (Renny)—B. and Br. in
“Ann. Nat. Hist.” No. 1395; “Grevillea,” ii. p. 163.
Ascozonus Woolhopensis—Renny, “Trans. Woolhope
Club,” 1873, p. 180; and “Jour. Bot.,” 1874, p. 356, t. 153.

On bird-dung, mixed with filaments of Mucor, and
mostly borne by them.’

Cups 4 a line (041) wide and high.

Name—After the Woolhope Field Club.

Hereford (Mr. James Renny).

7. Ryparobius subhirtus. (Renny.)

Minute, sessile, hemispherical, pure white, nearly
transparent, dotted with short unequal hairs, which are
mostly connate in pairs or threes ; margin ciliated ; hyme-
nium flat, coarsely papillate; asci very wide, oblong,

ASCOPHANUS. 308

narrowed at the base, somewhat abruptly, to a point;
sporidia about 128 (not less), elliptic, hyaline, smooth,
collected at length into an ovoid mass in the upper part
of the ascus; paraphyses not seen.

Ascozonus subhirtus—Renny in “Trans. Woolhope
Club,” 1873, p. 181, t. 2, f. 4-7; and “Jour. Bot.,” 1874,
p. 357, t. 155, f. 4-7.

On rabbit-dung. Autumn.

Name—Sub, somewhat, hirtus, hairy.

Hereford (Mr. James Renny).

8. Ryparobius parvisporus. (Renny.)

Very minute, fragile, somewhat more fleshy than
other species, white and brilliant at first, then duller,
with a faintly vinous tinge; substance formed of bladdery
polygonal cells, unequal in size, and often projecting in
hair-like threads; margin unevenly fringed with some-
what roughened subulate hairs, often in a partly double
row; hymenium at first flat, then filled with the
prominent, broadly clavate asci; sporidia 16 to 24,
elliptic, hyaline, smooth; paraphyses filiform, stout,
septate.

Ascozonus parvisporus—Renny in “Trans. Woolhope
Club,” 1873, p. 131, t. 3, f 1-5; and “Jour. Bot.,” 1874,
p. 356, t. 156, f. 1-5.

On rabbit-dung. Autumn.

Name—Parvus, small, sporus, a spore.

Hereford (Mr. James Renny).

Genus VI.—AscopHanus. Boud.

Receptacle sessile, pilose, pruinose, or glabrous;
hymenium plane or convex, rarely marginate; asci broadly
clavate, or rarely oblong-ovate; hyaline or very faintly
coloured, opening by a conspicuous, rotund, often recurved
operculum ; sporidia 8 or 16, elliptic or oblong-elliptic,
hyaline or at the most very faintly tinted, when young
singly surrounded with gelatine, smooth or rarely very
minutely punctate. (Plate IX. fig. 58.)

304 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Distinguished from the preceding genus by the
smaller number of sporidia.

Chiefly inhabiting dung, but occasionally found on
vegetable and animal substances.

Name—aoxée, ascus, paivw, to appear.

ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES.
A. Exterior glabrous.
(a) Sporidia globose .. ws. .- specfes 1
(b) Sporidia elliptic.
(a) Eight in ascus .. oe ay » 212
(8) Sixteen in ascus é ee » 13
B. Exterior rugose, granulate es + » 14
co. Exterior hairy ° oe oe es » 15

Key To THe Srecres,

Brown or fulvous; margin black .. minutissimus,

Brown; margin same colour, inflexed oe .. subfuscus.
Red... .- ‘ ss a o- ae

Yellow .. oe os a oe . - 2
Cinereous ae ve oe oe o +. einereous.
White .. sie ee oo oo . .

Orange-red .. oo ne wie oe +. aurora.

1.( Flesh-colour or rosy-flesh .. o oe +. carneus.
Brick-red sia ae exe ote o° -. testaceus.
Pallid-yellow or whitish, rugose .. ais +. consociatus.

9 Pale yellowish-ochre, translucent, smooth .. «. granuliformis,

" ) Pallid-ochraceous ; paraphyses often curved -. ochraceus.
Yellow testaceus, pilose Sa wie oe -. ptlosus.
Silvery-white; paraphyses clavate .. as -. argenteus,
Milk-white; paraphyses filiform .. ve -. lacteus.

3. 4 Dirty-white or yellowish ; paraphyses globose .. ‘microsporus.
White, 16 sporidia in ascus .. nt 2 seadecimsporus,

White, spores globose. . ee le a : : Boudieri.

A. EXTERIOR GLABROUS.
(a) Sporidia globose
1. Ascophanus Boudiert. (Renny.)

Minute, sessile, hemispherical, glabrous, clear white ;
hymenium plane, papillate; asci broadly cylindraceo-
clavate; sporidia 8, globose, asperate, hyaline; para-
physes filiform, stout.

Ascobolus Boudieri—Renny in litt. cum ico.

On rabbit.-dung.

The above description is drawn up from a beautiful

ASCOPHANUS, 805

drawing sent me by Mr. Renny, but I regret to say no
indication of the magnifying power is given, so that I
am unable to supply the measurements of the sporidia.
Name—After E. Boudier.
Hereford (Mr. James Renny),

(6) Sporidia elliptic.
2. Ascophanus subfuscus. Boud.

Crowded, rarely scattered, very minute, hemispherical;
externally glabrous, brown, paler at the base, when dry
‘black-brown, with an irregular inflexed margin; hyme-
nium plane, pale or pale fulvous; asci short, broadly
clavate; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic, subfusiform, hyaline,
10 x 54; paraphyses broadly clavate and brown at the
apices,

. Ascophanus subfuscus—Boud., “Ascob.,” p. 52, t. 10,
fig. xxvili. ; “Scott. Nat.,” i. (new series) 87.

Exs.—Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” ed. ii. No. 657.

On cow-dung.

Receptacles, according to Boudier, yy to } mm. (100
to 200) broad.

The specimens referred to the above species agree in
size and external characters, but not in habitat; nor,
indeed, can it be said of the sporidia that they are sub-
fusiform.

Shrewsbury !

3. Ascophanus minutissimus. Boud.

Very minute, hardly visible under a lens, always
scattered, hemispherical or applanate, brown or fulvous ;
hymenium the same colour; margin black; asci rather
broad, small, hyaline, attenuated at the base; sporidia 8,
elliptic, subfusiform, hyaline, smooth, 7 X 4; paraphyses
simple, pyriform at the apices, yellow-green, hyaline at
the base.

Ascophanus minutissimus—Boud., “ Ascob.,” p. 53,
t. 10, f. 29.

On horse-dung.

306 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

About 100 to 200 broad.
Name—Minutus, minute ; very minute.
Near Birmingham! (Mr. W. B. Grove). »

4. Ascophanus argenteus. (Curr.)

Gregarious, exceedingly minute, barely visible to the
naked eye, subpyriform, of a silvery-white colour,
oblong-ovate, narrowed to a point at the base; sporidia
8, elliptic, colourless, 12 x 764; paraphyses clavate at
the apices.

Ascobolus argenteus—Curr.; Cooke, “Jour. Bot.,”
May, 1864, f.6; B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 1088,
t. 17, £.32; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2210; Gill. “Champ.,”
p. 142. Ascophanus argenteus—Boud., “ Ann. Se. Nat.”
(1869), vol. 10, t. 11, f. 32; “ Ascob.,” p. 55.

On cow-dung.

Scarcely visible to the naked eye.

Name—Argentum, silver; of silvery appearance.

Eltham (Mr. F. Currey)

5. Ascophanus lacteus. (Cooke and Phil.)

Scattered, at first obconical, then expanded, slightly
concave, at length convex, milk-white, glabrous; asci
clavate; sporidia 8, generally biseriate, elliptic, hyaline,
smooth, 10 x 54; paraphyses filiform.

Ascobolus (Ascophanus) lacteus—Cooke and Phil. in
“ Grevillea,” v. p. 119.

Exs.—Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” ed. ii. 560.

On cow-dung. .

Cups 4 to ? of a line broad. In external appearance
it certainly resembles an Helotiwm, but here the resem-
blance ceases. In size as well as sporidia it differs from
the pale forms of Ascoph. ochraceus, and from Ascoph.
argentcus in the slightly smaller sporidia, the narrower
asci, and the filiform paraphyses.

Name—Lae, milk ; milk-white.

Shrewsbury !

ASCOPHANUS. 307

6. Ascophanus microsporus. (B. and Br.)

Very minute, sessile, dirty white or yellowish brown,
depressed; asci broadly clavate, often furnished at the
base with a little narrow, oblique stem; sporidia 8,
elliptic, at length violet, smooth, 76 x 3°54; paraphyses
globose at the apices, filled with a greenish-yellow
endochrome. ;

Ascobolus microsporus—B. and Br., “Ann. Nat.
Hist.,” No. 1087, t. 16, f 28; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No.
2209. Ase. Cemansii—Boud., “Ann. Sc. Nat.,” 1869 ;
and “ Ascob.,” p. 54, t. 10, f. 30.

Exs.—Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” No. 977.

On dung of cows and sheep.

About } to } a line broad.

“This differs materially from Ascoph. granuliformis
in the size of the fruit, which is proportionally narrower ;
the colour also is different ” (B. and Br., l. ¢.).

Name—unxpée, minute, odpog, a seed.

Batheaston (Messrs. Berkeley and Broome). Han-
ham, near Bristol! (Mr. Broome). Forden (Rev. J. E.
Vize). Shrewsbury!

7. Ascophanus granuliformis. (Crouan.)

Minute, sessile, globose or hemispherical, pale yellow-
ochre, translucent, opaque in the centre, smooth; asci
small, very wide, oblong-ovate, narrowed at the base;
sporidia 8, hyaline, smooth, elliptic, 1O—13 x 76yu; para-
physes hyaline, septate, simple or branched, pear-shaped
at the apices.

Ascobolus granuliformis—Crouan, “Ann. Se. Nat.”
(1858), vol. 10, tab. 18, f 27-35; “Flo. Fin,” p. 56;
Cooke, “Jour. Bot.,” 1864, f£ 5; “Handbk,,” No. 2208
Ascophanus granuliformis—Boud., “ Ascob.,” p. 55, t. 10,
f. 831; “Ann. Se. Nat.,” 1869, vol. 10; Pat., p. 74, f. 173.

Exs.—Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” nov. ed., No. 782.

On cow-dung.

About } to } a line broad.

308 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Name—G@ranum, a grain, forma, form ; like a small
rain.
Batheaston (Mr. C. E. Broome). Shrewsbury !

8. Ascophanus aurora. (Crouan.)

Scattered, minute, orange-red, shining, flattened;
hymenium plane or convex, when old covered with
crystalline papille; asci clavate, attenuated at the base;
sporidia elliptic, hyaline, smooth, 10 x 6:54; paraphyses
filiform, slender, simple, bifid, or trifid, curved, filled with
orange granules.

Pezza avwrora—Crouan, “ Ann. Se. Nat.,” ser. 5, vol.
10, t. 11, £ 36. <Ascophanus aurora—Boud., “ Ascob.,”
p- 58, t. 11, £. 86; Cooke, “ Grevillea,” i. p. 182.

On cow-dung. February.

Cups } to ? of a line broad.

Name—Awrora, the morning ; from the ruddy colour.

Eltham, Kent (Messrs. Berkeley and Broome).

”

9. Ascophanus cinereus. (Crouan.)

Scattered or scarcely crowded, at first globose, sub-
urceolate, and marginate, then expanded, hymenium
becoming plane or convex; externally pruinose, cinereous
or cinereous-fulvous; asci broadly clavate, attenuated at
the base; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic, hyaline, epispore
rough with granules, 20 x 9u; paraphyses filiform,
slender, simple, septate.

Ascobolus cinereus—Crouan, “ Ann. Soc. Nat.,” vol. 10,
p- 194, t. 13 p, f. 17-20; and “Flo. Fin.,” p. 56; Ccemans,
“Bull. Soe. Bot. Belg.,” i. p. 88, No. 6; and “Spicilege,”
p- 15, No. 6; Kickx., “ Flo. Flan.,” i. p. 477; B. and Br.,
“Ann. Nat. Hist.” No. 1085, t. 17, f£. 30; Cooke,
“Handbk.,” No. 2212. <Ascophanus cinereus—Boud.,
“ Ascob.,” p. 59, t. 11, f. 87.

About 200 to 400u broad.

Name—Cinis, ashes; ash-colour.

Weybridge, Surrey! (in the herbarium of the late
Mr. F. Currey).

ASCOPHANUS. 3809

10. Ascophanus carneus. (Pers.)

Scattered or rarely crowded, minute, sessile, flesh-
colour or rosy fiesh-colour, glabrous, at first globose, then
flattened; hymenium convex, papillate, immarginate ;
asci broadly clavate, attenuated below, hyaline, or almost
rosy; sporidia 8, elliptic, smooth, or sometimes minutely
granular, hyaline, each when young surrounded by
gelatine, 18 x 10u; paraphyses stout, clavate at the
apices, septate.

Ascobolus carneus—Pers., “Syn. Fung.,” p. 676; Fries,
“Sys. Myco.,” ii, p. 165; Berk., “Outl.,” p. 374; Karst.,
“Pez. et Ascob.,” p. 44; and “Mon. Pez.,” p. 120; Nyl,
“Pez. Fenn.,” p. 86; Cooke, “Jour. Bot.,” 1864; and
“ Handbk.,” No. 2213; B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,”
No. 1085*, t. 17, f. 29; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 143. Asco-
phanus carneus—Boud., “Ann. Se. Nat.,” 1869, x. t. 12,
f. 838; and “ Ascob.,” p. 60, ci; Pat. p. 172, f. 379.

Exs.—Fck1L, “F. Rh.,” No. 1857; Rav., “Fung. Am.,”
176; Ellis, “N. A. Fungi,” 853.

On cow-dung, rotting cloth, and hempen cord.
Autumn.

About 4 to 2? of a line broad. Generally seated on a
white mycelium.

Name—Caro, flesh; flesh-colour.

Forden, Montgomeryshire, on nettle-stems! Forres,
N.B., on cow-dung! (Rev. Dr. Keith). Lynn, on cloth!
(Mr. C. B. Plowright).

Var. B. cunicult. Boud., “ Ascob.,” t. 12, f. 39.

Dirty orange or orange flesh-colour, 4 a line broad,
scattered or crowded. Paraphyses always hyaline.

Phil. and Plow., “Grevillea,” ii. p. 187; Pat., p. 172,
f. 380.

Exs.—Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” ed. ii. No. 398.

On rabbit-dung. December.

Name—Cuniculus, a rabbit’s burrow; from the
habitat.

Near Shrewsbury !

310 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Var. y. saccharinus. (Berk. and Curr.)

Cups ? to 1 line broad. “Reddish pink or salmon-
colour, when dry paler towards the margin; plant attached
at the base by white downy threads; hymenium some-
what glistening, looking as if sprinkled with minute
particles of brown sugar” (Berk. and Curr.).

Ascobolus saccharinus (Berk. and Curr.)—Berk.,
“Outl.,” p. 374; Cooke, “Jour. Bot.,” 1864, f. 10; and
‘Handbk.,” No. 2214; B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,”
No. 1091*, t. 17, f. 36. Ascophanus saccharinus—Boud.,
“ Ann. Sc. Nat.,” 1869, vol. x. t. 12, f£. 40; and “Ascob.,”
p. 61,ei1.

On old leather, and also on rag.

M. Boudier could discover no anatomical character by
which to distinguish this from A. carneus; nor can I,
except that the sporidia are a little longer in proportion
to their width.

Name—Saccharwm,sugar; resembling grains of sugar.

Chislehurst, Kent, and Paul’s Cray Common (Mr. F.
Currey).

11. Ascophanus testaceus. (Moug.)

Gregarious, waxy, sessile, unequal, smooth, depressed
convex, brick-red; asci broadly clavate; sporidia 8,
elliptic, epispore granular, 18—20 x 9—11y; paraphyses
stout, septate, simple, often clavate at the apices, filled
with granular protoplasm. (Plate IX. fig. 58.)

Peziza testacea, Moug—Fries, “Elench.,” ii. p. 11.
Helotvwm testacewm—Berk., “Outl.,” p. 372; and “ Ann.
Nat. Hist.,” No. 576. Ascobolus testaceus—Berk., “ Ann.
Nat. Hist.” No. 1082*, t. 14, f 5; Cooke, “ Handbk.,”
No. 2216. Ascobolus difformis—Nyl., “ Pez. Fenn.,” p. 85.
Ascophanus difformis—Boud., “ Ascob.,” p. 62.

Exs.—Rav. No. 2139.

On old sacking and rabbit-dung. Rather common.

Cups about 1 line broad.

Name—Testa, a brick; brick-colour.

King’s Cliffe (Rev. M. J. Berkeley). Bathford (Mr.

2

ASCOPHANUS, 811

C. E. Broome). Twyecross (Rev. A. Bloxam). Forden,
Montgomeryshire! (Rev. J. E. Vize). Lynn! (Mr. C. B.
Plowright).

12. Ascophanus ochraceus. (Crouan.)

Minute, pallid-ochraceous or ochraceous; hymenium
convex, minutely papillate; asci somewhat fusiform or
clavate; sporidia 8, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, smooth,
hyaline, 16 x 94; paraphyses simple or branched, septate,
slightly thickened above, often curved.

Ascobolus ochraceus—Crouan, “Flo. Fin.,” p. 57;
Cooke, “Grevillea,” v. p. 62; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 143.
Ascophanus ochraceus—Boud., “ Ascob.,” p. 57, t. 11, f. 34.

Exs.—Cooke, “Fung. Brit,” ed. ii. 559.

On old cow-dung. Rare.

About 4 a line broad, fleshy, glabrous.

Name—Ochra, ochre; the colour of ochre.

Shrewsbury !

13. Ascophanus sexdecimsporus. (Crouan.)

Scattered, minute, sessile, hemispherical, plane or
slightly convex, glabrous, white, then greyish-white, at
length clear yellowish-white; asci oblong, broad, nar-
rowed at the base; sporidia 16, elliptic, hyaline, smooth,
11 x 64; paraphyses colourless, simple or branched
below, straight or curved at the apex, where they are a
little thickened.

Ascobolus sexdecimsporus—Crouan, “Ann. Se. Nat.,”
1858, vol. x. p. 195, t. 18 B, fig. 21-26; “Flo. Fin..”
p. 56; Cooke, “Jour. Bot.,” 1864, fig. 9; B. and Br.
“Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 1091, t. 17, f. 85; Cooke,
“Handbk.,” No. 2211. <Ascophanus sexdecimsporus—
Boud., “Ann. Se. Nat.,” 1869, vol. x. t. 11, f. 35; “Ascob.,”

. 57.
In marshes, on droppings of cows and_ horses.
October.

Cups 4 to 1 line broad.

Name—Seadecim, sixteen, omdpoc. a seed.

312 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Hanham, near Bristol (Mr. C. E. Broome). Hereford-
shire! (Mr. Renny). Church Stretton, Salop!

14. Ascophanus consociatus. (B. and Br.)

Cups gregarious, subhemispherical ; externally rugose,
granulated, pallid-yellow or whitish; asci broadly cla-
vate, short; sporidia 8, biseriate, broadly fusiform,
granular within, 10 x 6u; paraphyses filiform.

Ascobolus consociatus—B. and Br., “ Ann. Nat. Hist.,”
No. 1491, t. 2, f. 7; “Grevillea,” iii. p. 123.

On the remains of Spheria cupulifera, on wood.

Cups 100 to 150u broad. The sporidia are very
faintly tinted with yellow, and coarsely granular within.

Name—Consocio, to associate; gregarious.

Langridge (Mr. C. E. Broome).

15. Ascophanus pilosus. (Fries.)

Minute, sessile, yellow, testaceous-yellow or tawny-
orange ; externally pilose, with long pallid or yellowish,
nonseptate hairs, incrassated near the base; hymenium
papillate, margin naked ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, hyaline,
oblong-elliptic, smooth, 20 x 10u; paraphyses slender,
septate, simple or branched, hyaline, but filled with
orange-yellow granules.

Ascobolus pilosus—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 164;
“ Summa Veg. Scan.,” p. 358; Crouan, “Flo. Fin.,” p. 55;
Nyl., “ Pez. Fenn.,” p. 86; Cooke, “ Grevillea,” iv. p. 112.
Peziza equina, Muell, var. pilosa—K arst., “ Myco. Fenn.,”
p. 73. Ascophanus pilosus—Boud., “ Ascob.,” p. 64, t. xii,
42-44; Pat., p. 211, f. 487.

On grouse-dung.

Cups 100u broad. Referred to A. pilosus asa variety,
but the specimens were more minute than usual, scarcely
visible to the naked eye (M. C. Cooke).

Name—Pilosus, hairy.

Rannock, N.B. (Dr. Buchanan White).

Var. ciliatus. (B. and Br.)
Sessile, subhemispherical, smooth, orange ; hymenium
plane; margin swollen, white, not ciliated; furnished

BULGARIE.Z. 313

with white nonseptate hairs near the base; asci broadly
clavate; sporidia elliptic, smooth, hyaline, 22 x 10u;
paraphyses filiform, filled with orange granules.

Ascobolus ciliatus—Berk., “Eng. Flo.” v. p. 3874;
“ Ann, Nat. Hist.,” No. 1083, t& 14, f. 7; Cooke, “Jour.
Bot.,” 1864; “Handbk.,” No. 2215; Schmidt, “Myco.
Hefte,” i. p. 90 (2); Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 164 (?).
Ascophanus ciliatus—Boud., “ Ascob.,” p. 63.

Exs.—Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” No. 658, ed. ii. No. 190;
Phil., “ Elv. Brit.,” 97.

On cow-dung. Autumn.

Cups 3 to 4a line broad. The pseudo parenchyma
consists of square or oblong cells as figured by B. and
Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,” t.14, £. 7, and Boudier in “ Ascob.,”
t. 12, f. xliv.1. The hairs are without septa, colourless,
and ventricose near the base, or sometimes near the
middle.

To my mind it is doubtful whether we have the
plant described by Schmidt, which Fries says is ciliated
on the margin. There are two forms of A. pilosus, one
with colourless hairs, the other with coloured hairs; the
former appears to have been referred to A. ciliatus, the
latter to A. pilosus.

Name—Cilium, the hair of the eyelash ; ciliated.

7

Order IV— BULGARIEZ.

Receptacle sessile, rarely substipitate, more rarely
stipitate ; exipulum gelatinous, subgelatinous, or horny ;
sporidia elliptic or oblong, rarely filiform. (Plate X.
figs. 59-63.)

The consistence of the receptacle in this order is a
marked feature, the nearest approach to which is found
in Ascobolee ; but none of the species grow on dung, as is
commonly the case in that order. Vibrissea is placed
here with some misgiving, the receptacle being scarcely
gelatinous.

Name—From the typical genus.

314 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES,

ARRANGEMENT OF THE GENERA.
I. Bulgaria. IV. Ombrophila,
II. Vibrissea. V. Calloria.
IIL. Stamnaria.

Key To THE GENERA.
Sporidia brown os te
Sporidia filiform, long a ap
Sporidia not filiform, or, if so, short..
Receptacle urceolate .. ss a a 2
(Reosbtncle moderately large, exceeding 1 line

oe ». Bulgaria,
os «- Vibrissea.
1

Stamnaria.

1.2 broad ; sporidia large a ae os .. Ombrophila.
Receptacle minute, rarely reaching 1 line broad ;
sporidia very minute a oe oe ». Calloria.

Genus IL—Butearia. Fries.

Receptacle substipitate or sessile, glabrous; mature
cups plane or slightly convex; excipulum gelatinous or
fleshy gelatinous; asci narrowly clavate; sporidia brown
(Plate X. fig. 59.)

Inhabiting wood.

The dark-coloured hymenium and brown sporidia
distinguish this from the other genera.

Name—From bulga, a leathern bag.

Key To THE SpPEci#s.

Receptacle turbinate .. om as xl 2. inquinans.
Receptacle sessile .. Xe oe we -. pulla.

1. Bulgaria inquinans. Fries.

Ceespitose, turbinate, firm, gelatinous; externally
rugulose, furfuraceous, umber; hymenium becoming
plane, black; asci narrowly clavate; sporidia 8 or 4,
elliptic, unequal-sided, brown, 10—14 x 5—6yu; para-
physes filiform, slender. (Plate X. fig. 59.)

Peziza inquinans—Pers., “Syn. Fung.,” p. 631; and
“Myco. Eur.,” p. 318. Peziza nigra—Bull., “ Champ.,”
p. 238, t. 460, f. 1. Peziza polymorpha—With., vol. 4,
p. 812; Sow., t. 428; Purt., “Mid. Flo.,” vols. 2. and 3,
No. 1046; Lightf, f. ii, p. 1003; “Flo. Dan.,” t. 464;
Hoffm., “ Crypt.,” ii. t. 6, £2. Peziza brunnea—Batsch,
“El,” £50. Bulgaria inquinans—Fries, “ Sys. Myco.,”
il. p. 167; “Eng. Flo.” v. p. 209; Berk., “ Outl.,” 375,

BULGARIA. 315

t. 22, £7; Tul, “Ann. Se, Nat.,” ser. 3, pp. 160-164, t. 15,
f. 1-7; and “Select. Fung. Carp.,” iii. t. 17, f 9, 10;
Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2017 ; Fekl., “Symb. Myco.,” 286 ;
Gill, “Champ.,.” p. 146, ei.

Exs.—Moug. and Nest., 197; Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,”
ed. i. 551, ed. ii. 569; Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” 462;
Rabh., “ Herb. Myco.,” ed. ii. 599; Cooke, “ Fung, Brit.,”
324; Rav., “Fung. Carol.” v. 43; Fekl., 1136; Rehm,
“ Asco.,” 74; Phil, “Elv. Brit.” 49; Winter, “Fungi
Eur.,” 2107; Ellis, “N. A. Fungi,” 448.

On dead trunks of trees.

Receptacles 4 to 14 inches broad, single or in fascicu-
late heaps. “Tough, elastic, gelatinous, dark brown or
chocolate, almost black, wrinkled, and rough externally ;
hymenium sometimes lacunose; stem in general black,
almost obsolete, sometimes fasciculate, and confiuent ”
(Berk.).

Name—Bulga, a leathern bag.

Clifton! (Mr. C. Bucknall). Sutton Coldfield ! (Mr. W.
B. Grove). Carlisle! (Dr. Carlyle). Hawthornden, Edin-
burgh! Heywood Forest, Herefordshire! Haughmond

Hill, Salop! Chetwynd Park, Salop! Church Stretton,
Salop !

2. Bulgaria pulla. Fries.

Subgelatinous, sessile, glabrous, when young plane,
quite entire, olivaceous, afterwards convex and quite
black; disc pruinose, pulverulent; asci cylindrical ;
sporidia 8, uniseriate, elliptic, brown, guttulate, 10—
16 x 75—8y; paraphyses thickened upwards, adherent,
and brown.

Bulgaria pulla—Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan.,” p. 358;
Bucknall, “ Fung. Bristol,” No. 1075. atellaria pulla
—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 160.

On dead wood.

Cups 4 to 1 line broad. Gregarious, separate or in
confluent series, black within; hymenium often pruinose
from the scattered sporidia.

Blaize Castle Wood! (Mr. C. Bucknall).

316 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Genus II.—Visrissea. Fries (amended).

Aquatic fungi (except rimarum), bearing the exposed
hymenium on a plane or cup-shaped membranaceous
receptacle, stipitate or sessile, fleshy, firm, ejecting from
the asci’slender elongated sporidia, which often remain
attached by their extremities to the surface of the
hymenium, giving it a velvety appearance (“Trans.
Linn. Soe.” ser. 2; “Botany,” vol. 11, p. 5). (Plate X.
figs. 60, 61.)

Name— Vibro, to shake; from the vibrating sporidia.

ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES.
A. Stipitate .. a ie as »» species 1-4

B. Sessile ee es es 3 we » O77
Key ro THE Species,
A, STIPITATE,

Hymenium grey os a < aD «. microscoptca.
Hymenium orange-vermilion; margin hispid .. Margarita.
1

Hymenium golden-yellow or blood-red. ve
1 Exterior glaucous; stem squamulose wis e. truncorum.
* (Exterior dark brown, granulose .. oe «» Fergussont.
B. SESSILE.
Hymenium pallid, ochraceous, or grey ; externally
bluish-black ee os dis ate -. Guernisaci.
Hymenium ochraceous-yellow; margin thin and
distinct we . a ave a .. turbinata.
Hymenium pallid or straw-coloured; externally
lurid .. ee oe Sa a ae «. leptospora.

A. STIPITATE,
1. Vibrissea truncorum. (A. and S.)

Fasciculate, gregarious or scattered; hymenium
convex, golden-yellow or blood-red, forming, with the
membranaceous receptacle, an orbicular head ; stem terete,
glaucous, squamulose; asci cylindrical ; sporidia 8, fili;
form, multiseptate, 250 x ln; paraphyses very slender,
ae 00s slightly enlarged at the summits. (Plate X.

g. 60.

Vibrissea truncorwm (A. and S8.)—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,”

11, p. 31; “Summa Veg. Scan.,” p. 360. Leotia trun-

VIBRISSEA. 317

corum—A. and 8., p. 297, t. 3, f. 2; Schw., “Syn.,” p.
88 ; Pers. “ Myco. Eur.,” p. 199. Leotia clavus—id. op. cit.,
p. 200, t. xi. f. 9. Vabrissea truncorum—Wallr., “ Flo.
Germ.,” vol. iv. p. 548; Kromb., 1, p. 76, t. v. f. 834-86;
Corda, “Anl,” t. a, f. 66, 1, 2; Bail, t. 21; Bisch,
“Krypt.,” f 3374; Nees von Esen. u. Hen., “Sys. der
Pilzen,” vol. 11, p. 67, t. 21; Rabh., “Krypt. Flo.” i. p.
339; Berk., “Eng. Flo.,’ vol. v. p. 186; “Crypt. Bot.,”
p. 284, £ 326; “Outl,’a#p. 361; Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,”
p- 26; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 1955; f. 328; Steven.,
“Myco. Scot.,” p. 298; Quelet, “Champ.,” p. 379; Peek,
xxv., “Report N. Y. Mus.” p. 98; Phil. “Trans. Linn.
Soe.,” ser. i. vol. ii. p. 5, t. i figs. 1-9; Gill, “Champ.,”
p. 28, c. i; Pat, p. 40, f 99.

Exs.—Moug. and Nest., No. 781; Phil. “ Elv. Brit.,”
No. 4; Roumg., “ Fung. Gal.,” 536.

On decayed wood (alder, birch, pine, etc.) in sub-
alpine streams. ‘Spring.

The head is about 2 lines broad, at first plane,
becoming convex, often slightly repand, umbilicate
beneath ; the stem, at first stuffed, becomes hollow, is
2 to 6 lines high, bluish-grey, with blackish squamules,
or smooth, darker towards the base; the asci are very
long, cylindrical, numerous ; the sporidia very slenderly
filiform, divided by numerous septa, narrower towards
each extremity, 8 in each ascus; paraphyses numerous,
branched, septate, enlarged and brownish at the summits.
When removed from the water and exposed for a short
time to the air, the sporidia shoot out from the hyme-
nium with more or less violence, many of them remaining
attached by one extremity to the hymenium, waving to
and fro like floss silk, glistening in the light.

Name—Truncus, a trunk of a tree; from the
habitat.

Capel Curig, North Wales! Scotland.

2. Vibrissea Margarita. White.
Simple; head orbicular, orange-vermilion; margin
hispid ; stem cylindrical, hirsute, with black, articulated

318 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

hairs; internally whitish cinereous; asci cylindrical ;
sporidia 8, filiform, multiseptate, 180 x 2u; paraphyses
filiform, branched near the apices, which are subclavate
and brown.

Vibrissea Margarita—White, “Sc rtt. Nat.” vol. ii
p. 218; B. and Br., “ Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 1477; Steven.,
“ Myco. Scot.,” p. 298; “ Grevillea,” vol. ii. p. 162; Phil,
“Trans. Linn. Soe.,” ser. 2, vol. ii. p. 6, t. i f 10-16.

On dead sticks of heather in a pool of water, at an
altitude of 2200 feet. September and October.

The stems are simple, varying from 2 lines to } an
inch in height, springing from complicated threads, and
covered with black-jointed hairs or fibres ; at the junction
with the head the stem is less hairy and paler in-colour,
internally it is solid and greyish-white. The head is
flattened orbicular (sometimes concave in the middle),
and of a beautiful orange-vermilion in eolour; the
margin has a fringe of close appressed hairs of the same
character as those on the stem; underneath the head is
paler in colour at the junction with the stem. The
species is readily distinguished from its ally, V. trun-
-corum, by the hairy stems and differently coloured
heads (Dr. Buchanan White, l. c.).

Name—After Mrs. Buchanan White.

Mor Shron, Braemar! (Dr. Buchanan White).

3. Vibrissea Fergussoni. (B. and Br.)

Stipes short, thickened upwards; cups plane, ex-
ternally dark brown, granulose; hymenium plane or
pulvinate, yellow ; asci elongated ; sporidia filiform, 220u;
summits of the paraphyses globose.

Patellaria Fergussoni—B. and Br.,“ Ann. Nat. Hist.,”
No. 1490, t. 11. fig. 6; “Grevillea,” iii. p. 123. Vibrissea
A cae “Trans. Linn. Soe,” ser. 2, vol. ii.
p. 7.
On Prunus Padus.

Name—After the Rev. J. Fergusson.
New Pitsligo, N.B. (Rev. J. Fergusson).

VIBRISSEA. 819

4. Vibrissea microscopica. B. and Br.

Very minute, plane or cup-shaped; hymenium and
receptacle grey; stipes short, slender, black ; asci clavate ;
sporidia 8, filiform ; paraphyses filiform numerous.

Vibrissea microscopica—B. and Br., “Ann. Nat.
Hist.,” No. 1618; “ Grevillea,” v. p. 59; Phil in “ Trans.
Linn. Soe.,” ser. 2, vol. ii. p. 7, t. i. f. 17-24.

On damp fir-wood.

Scarcely visible without a lens) Stem very short,
black ; head grey, leaving a cup-shaped depression when
completely washed off; sporidia ejected, filiform (Berk.
and Broome, l. ¢.).

The receptacle is 200u broad; the whole plant 200u
high ; sporidia 50—60 x 2n. :

Name—wuxpée, small, sxovéw, to look ; from its minute-
ness.

Rannoch, N.B.! (Dr. Buchanan White).

B. SESSILE.
5. Vibrissea Guernisaci. Crouan.

Minute, lentiform or turbinate, between fleshy and
gelatinous; hymenium pallid, ochraceous or grey, convex ;
asci cylindrical, long ; sporidia 8, filiform, hyaline, 270u
long; paraphyses slender, branched near the clavate
summits. (Plate X. fig. 61.)

Vibrissea Guernisaci—Crouan, “Ann. Se. Nat.,”
1857, t. iv. f. 24-26; “Flo. Fin.” p. 46; Phil. and Plow.,
“ Grevillea,” iv. p. 120; Phil. “Trans. Linn. Soe.,” ser. 2,
vol. ii. p. 8, t. ii. £ 1-7; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 204, ci; Pat.,
p- 168, f. 369.

Exs.— Phil. “ Elv. Brit.,” No. 143.

On dead submerged branches of Salix in water. May
and June.

Cups } to 14 lines broad. It first appears on the
branches as a small greyish wart, with a somewhat paler
point in the centre. Ina more advanced state it assumes
the form of a thick disc, similar to the apothecia of
Lecanora. The hymenium is convex, soft in texture,

320 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

pallid bluish-yellow, margined by the excipulum, which
is submembranaceous, and in section cup-shaped, bluish-
black, adhering by the greater part of its base to the
wood. The asci are very long and cylindrical, not as
figured by M. Crouan, in “ Ann. Se. Nat.” (1. ¢). The
paraphyses are septate, often branched, and clavate at
the summits. The sporidia are 270 x 2u, and when
mature septate.

Name—After Vicomte de Guernisac.

Wrexham, Denbighshire ! (Mr. B. Acton). Habberley
and Berrington! near Shrewsbury.

6. Vibrissea turbinata. Phil.

Scattered, turbinate; hymenium plane or convex,
ochraceous yellow, margined by the thin edge of the
receptacle, which is bluish-grey, smooth ; asci cylindrical ;
sporidia 8, filiform, 180 x 2u; paraphyses slender, branched
near the summits, which are slightly enlarged and
brownish.

Vibrissea turbinata—Phil. in “Trans. Linn. Soe,”
ser. 2, vol. ii. p. 8, t. ii. £. 14-18. Helotium vibrissioides
—Pk. in litt.

On branches of ash in watercourse.

Cup 4 to 3 a line broad.

Name—Turbinatus—shaped like a top.

Shrewsbury !

7. Vibrissea leptospora. (B. and Br.)

Hemispherical, then expanded, sessile; hymenium
pallid or straw-coloured ; externally lurid, from the scat-
tered, black, adpressed flocci; margin crenulate; sporidia
filiform ; 200 to 230u long, 2u broad.

Peziza leptospora—B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,”
No. 1166, t. iv. f. 30. Vibrissea coronata—Phil. in Herb.
Vobrissea leptospora—Phil. in “ Trans. Linn. Soce.,” ser. 2,
vol. ii. p. 8, t. 2, f. 19-28.

On decayed wood.

About 4 a line across; at first perfectly globose, often
collapsed in the centre, but gradually opening and ex-

7

STAMNARIA. 321

posing the soft, pallid, sometimes straw-coloured hyme-
nium; asci oblong; sporidia very long and slender,
filiform, flexuous, with a row of globose nuclei, at length
repeatedly septate (B. and Br., l. ¢.).

Name—renrdc, slender, ozépoc, a seed; from the
shape of the sporidia.

Jedburgh !

Genus III—Sramnaria. Fekl., “Symb. Myco.,” 309.

Cups minute, cespitose, rarely scattered, distinctly
stipitate, horny, diaphanous, glabrous, shining, globose-
urceolate, hollow; mouth narrowed, truncate, and paler ;
asci large, having 8 sporidia, which are in two rows,
oblong, minutely guttulate, continuous, and hyaline.

1. Stamnaria Persoonti. (Moug.)

Cups subglobose or urceolate, glabrous, orange-red ;
margin paler, texture horny; stem very short; asci
cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, elongate-elliptic, guttu-
late, 17—19 x 464; paraphyses filiform, branched,
slightly enlarged at the apices.

Peziza Persoonii—Moug. in Pers., “ Myco. Eur.,” i.
p. 288, t. 12, f. 1; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 121; “Eng.
Flo.,” v. p. 201; Grev., t. 162; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No.
2088. Peziza Equisetti—Fries in MS. ; Gonn. and Rabh.,
ii.t.5,f.5. Lycoperdon Equisetti—Hotim., “ Crypt.,” t. 5,
fi 1. Stamnaria Persoonii—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,”
p. 809. Phialea Persoonii—Gill., “ Champ.,” p. 106.

Exs.—Libert, No. 329; Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,” 123;
Fekl., “¥F. Rh.,” 1184, 2409, and 2507.

On decaying Lquisetum, in moist places. Spring
and summer.

Cups 500 to 800 broad ; stem at times nearly absent,
or very broad, equalling the breadth of the cup. The
margin is often membranaceous, but entire, and paler
than below.

Y

322 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

The horny texture of this plant justifies its removal
from the Pezize. ;

Duddington Loch, near Edinburgh (Dr. Greville).
Park Loch, near Aberdeen ! (Professor J. W. H. Trail).

Gevus IV.—Ompropuiza. Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan.,”
p. 357.

Sessile or stipitate, glabrous, gelatinous; hymenium
plane or convex, rarely concave ; generally dark-coloured ;
epiphytal. (Plate X. fig. 62.)

Spermogonia occur in some species,

Name—6pPpoe, rain, pfAog, loving.

ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES.
4. Sporidia elliptic + species 1, 2

B. Sporidia fusiform or subfusiform. . ae ~~ Bo
o. Sporidia cylindrical as o oe » 6
: Key To THe Sprcigs.
Exterior fibrillose-striate ats oe se o. rudis.
Exterior veined, flesh-red_ .. a ee ow I
Exterior even .. ee ey oe aa oo 2
1 (rae uniguttulate.. a zis Se o. sarcoides.
*\Sporidia multiguttulate and larger . . purpurea.

Yellowish-brown ; paraphyses enlarged at the

2 summits a ae re Be = .. brunnea.
* ) Mruginous-green ; paraphyses filiform, branched... atro-virens.
Pallid or purplish ; paraphyses unbranched .» clavus.

A. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC.

1. Ombrophila rudis. (Berk.)

Fasciculate, turbinate-stipitate or stipitate, sub-
gelatinous; hymenium plane, here and there depressed,
rugose, yellow-brown, somewhat vinous, externally finely
fibrilloso-striate ; stem often elongated, lacunose or striate;
asci clavate, base slender; sporidia 8, elliptic, 7—10 x 3—
4u; paraphyses filiform, slender.

Peziza rudis—Berk. in “Proce. N. H. Soc. Berw.,”
p. 190; “Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 574, t. 6, £ 18; Cooke,
“ Handbk.,” No. 2077.

OMBROPHILA. 323

On shallow gravel and peat. June.

This plant is decidedly subgelatinous, and resembles
some states of O. sarcoides, but has different sporidia.
It is described when fresh as yellowish-brown, with
vinous tint; stem often striate below, but externally very
minutely fibroso-striate ” (B. and Br.).

Name—Rudis, rude.

Berwick ! (in Herb. Berk. Kew).

2. Ombrophila brunnea. Phil.

Crowded, sessile or substipitate, nearly hemispherical,
then expanded, becoming flexuous, gelatinous, yellowish-
brown, glabrous; hymenium darker than margin; asci
cylindrical ; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic, biguttulate, replete
with granular protoplasm, 16—20x5—8u; paraphyses
filiform, enlarged at the summits, adhering. :

Ombrophila brunnea—Phil. in “Grevillea,” viii.
p- 103; “Scott. Nat.,” i. (new ser.) 87.

On dead herbaceous stems in damp places.

Cups about 14 to 5 lines broad.

Name—Brunneus, deep brown.

Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith),

B. SPORIDIA FUSIFORM OR SUBFUSIFORM.

3. Ombrophila sarcoides. (Jacq.)

Ceespitose, sessile or substipitate, firm, subgelatinous,
fleshy red, veined below; hymenium plane, concave or
urceolate and repand ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia
8, oblong or oblong-fusiform, straight or unequal-sided,
with a central gutta, 10—18 x 4—5yu; paraphyses fili-
form, slender, abundant, adherent.

Spermogonia form, polymorphous, soft, viscid, flesh-
red; conidia subglobose or subelliptic; spermatia rod-
like, straight or curved.

Lichen sarcoides—Jacq., “ Mise. Austr.,” ii. p. 378, t.
22. Peziza sarcordes—Pers., “Syn. Fung.,” p. 683; A. and
S., p. 805. Bulgaria sarcoides—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p.
168; “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 210; Berk., “ Outl.,” p. 375, t. 18,
f. 6; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2218; “Fungi,” p. 198;

324 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Gill, “Champ.,” p. 147,¢ i. Helvella sarcoides—Dicks,,
“Orypt.,” i. p. 21; Bolt. +. 101, £2. Sarcodea sarcordes
* urnalis—Karst., “Symb. Myso.,” p. 232. Coryne
sarcoides—Tul., “Select. Fung. Carp.,” iii. p. 190, t. 17,
f. 1-8; Fekl, “Symb. Myco.,” p. 284. . Ombrophila
sarcoides—Karst., “ Myco. Fenn.,” p. 86. Spermogonia:
Tremella (coryne) sarcoides—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii.
p- 217; “Summa Veg. Scan.,” p. 341; and “ Epicr.,”
p. 589. Tremella sarcoides—With., p. 78. Coryne
sarcoides—Bon., “ Handb.,” p. 149, t. 11, f 238.

Exs.—Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” 452 (partly); Cooke,
“Fung. Brit,” 482; Phil, “Elv. Brit,” 138; Roumg,,
“ Fung. Gal.,” 2767. :

On trunks and branches of trees.

Name—oépE, flesh, cidoe, likeness ; fiesh-like.

Common !

4. Ombrophila purpurea. (Fckl.)

Receptacle as in preceding, but larger and more
robust; asci scarcely stipitate, cylindrical ; sporidia bi-
seriate, lanceolate, sometimes curved, multiguttulate,
hyaline, 20 X 6u; paraphyses filiform, not thickened at
the tips.

Coryne purpwrea—Fckl, “Symb. Myco.,” p.. 284.
Bulgaria purpurea (Fckl.)—Cooke in “ Grevillea,” ii. p.
164.

Exs.—Fck1., “F. Rh.,” No. 1135 ; Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,”
ed. ii. 658.

Sporidia 20u (‘0007 in.) long, whereas in B. sarcoides
they are only half that length. The cups exceed 1 inch
in diameter (Cooke). .

The sporidia in the Attingham Park specimen are
24x 7u. This may be a distinct species.

: Epping (Dr. M. C. Cooke). Attingham Park, Shrews-
ury |

5. Ombrophila clavus. (A. and S.)

Crowded or scattered, between fleshy and gelatinous,
somewhat fin, pallid or purplish, nearly obconic or

OMBROPHILA. 825

stipitate; hymenium plane or convex; stem thick or
slender; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, oblong-
elliptic, obtuse at the ends or pointed, unequal-sided,
polari-guttulate, 10—15 x 4—5yu; paraphyses filiform.
(Plate X. fig. 62.)

_ _ Peziza clavus—A. and 8., p. 306, t. 11, f. 5; Fries,
“Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 187; B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,”
No. 575; Pat., p. 129, f. 290(?). Helotiwm clavus—Gill.,
“ Champ.,” p. 153.

On leaves, twigs etc, lying in swampy places.
Autumn. ‘

A most variable species both in size and shape, the
stem at one time absent, at another elongated to twice
the diameter of the dise; sometimes very thick, at others
slender.

Name—Clavus, a stud or button.

Trefriw, North Wales !

6. Ombrophila atro-virens. (Pers.)

Solitary or crowded, sessile or substipitate, at first
globose, then turbinate or hemispherical, immarginate,
subgelatinous, zeruginous-green ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ;
sporidia 8, cylindrical, obtuse at the ends, curved, 3 to
4-septate, often constricted at the septa, 14—18 x 3—4u;
paraphyses. filiform,. branched, adherent.

Spermogonia solitary or ceespitose, often coalescing
into a common truncate head; bearing narrowly ovoide
spermatia, on slender, branched sterigmata.

Peziza atro-virens—Pers., “Syn. Fung.,” p. 635;
Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 141; “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 205;
Grev., “ Flo. Edin.,” p. 425; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No, 2099.
Coryne virescens—Tul., “ Select. Fung. Carp.,” iii. p. 193,
t. xviii. f. 12-15. Calloria atro-virens—Fries, “Summa
Veg. Scan.,” p. 359; Pat. p. 75, £174. Chlorosplenvum
atro-virens—De Not., “ Dise.,” p. 23.

Conidial form: Dacrymyces virescens—Fries, “ Sys.
Myco.,” ii. p. 229. Mollisia atro-virens—Gill, “ Champ.,”

. 126.
e Exs.—Phil., “ Elv. Brit.,” 141 ; Rhem, “ Asco.,” 618.

326 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

On decaying wood ; on decorticated branches in damp
places, ete.

Usually small, scattered, dark green, convex, of a
decidedly gelatinous texture.

Name—Ater, black, virens, green.

Near Ludlow, Shropshire! The Wrekin, Shropshire !
near Bristol! (Mr. C. Bucknall).

Genus V.—Cattoria. Fries (amended),

Gelatinous, at first spherical, immarginate, then be-
coming plane or concave, sessile or substipitate ; for the
most part bright-coloured, with no distinct excipulum ;
sporidia 8, minute. (Plate X. fig. 63.)

Spermogonia occur iu fusarvoicdes.

Rarely exceeding 4 to ? of a line broad; soft when
moist, slightly horny when dry.

Growing on dead wood, herbaceous stems, and fungi.

Name—xadAoe (kadéde), beauty; beautifully coloured

P ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES.
4. Exterior of cups pubescent

(a) Sporidia fusiform .. oe «- species 1,2

(b) Sporidia cylindrical oe sis » 3
8. Exterior of cups glabrous

(a) Sporidia subglobose ae oe » 4

(b) Sporidia elliptic oe o oe » 5-8
(c) Sporidia fusiform.

(a) Simple .. o° ae ae » 9-11
(8) Septate .. oe o° on » 12.13
(d) Sporidia filiform .. sé os » 14-18
o. Doubtful .. 3 Be ss ee » 19

Key To THE Species.
Hymenium some shade of red at oes oe
Hymenium some shade of yellow ..
Hymenium white oe a 5
ieee filiform .. a5 ‘fs es
‘\Paraphyses globose or subglobose at the apices
Exterior woolly, rosy-pink : growing on Sterium.. stereicola.
Exterior glabrous, bright red: on Conium maculatum coniicola.
Exterior glabrous, reddish fiesh-colour: on Rubus
2.4 exsius ze ae se a a +. rubicolor.
Exterior glabrous, flesh-red : on dead wood «. rubella.
Exterior glabrous, orange-colour : seated ona Tape-
sium .. a ies ss ae as of

wonqrre

auricoln~

3.

4.4

5. ¢

6.

with a torn dentate mouth;

CALLORIA,

Exterior glabrous, flesh-red ; sporidia subglobose. .
Exterior glabrous, yellowish-seatlet; sporidia glo-
boso-elliptic .
Exterior glabrous, pale: vinous-r ed ; sporidia filiform
Exterior granular, gummy ; para physes urn-shaped
at the apices.. as aca
Exterior granulated ; paraphyses filiform .. ,
Exterior at first pubescent, then crane: ; pera.
physes filiform : .
Exterior glabrous

(Paraphyses globose at the apices ; sporidia filiform

or fusoidio-filiform ..
Paraphyses subclavate at the apices, sporidia ob-
long-fusiform
Paraphyses filiform ; sporidia acidular-filiform ..
Paraphyses thickened at the ADEE saa a
large .
age pisces filiform : growing on Polyporus ,
Exterior glabrous, white, becoming yellow ; para
physes globose at the apices ate me
Exterior subfarinose, pallid-white ..
Imperfectly described

ee oe

327

coccinella.

aanthostigma.
vinosa.

lasia.
cornea.

chrysostigma.
5

luteo rubella.

Susarioides.
inflatula,

ulcerata.
Leightoni.

leucostigma.
dentata.
diaphana.

A. EXTERIOR OF CUP PUBESCENT.

(a) Sporidia fusiform.

1. Calloria lasia. (B. and Br.)

Globose, erumpent, orange-colour, at length opening

externally gummy; asci

subcylindrical ; sporidia 8, fusiform, 12 x 2u; paraphyses
urn-shaped, and sometimes uniseptate at the apices,
intermixed with short flocci.

Peziza lasia—B, and Br. in “ Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No.

139

a somewhat brighter colour.

1, t. 8, £10; “ Grevillea,” ii. p. 162.
Exs.—Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,”
On bark and wood of elm. March.

nov. ed., 1515.

Half to one line broad. The dried specimens are
dull red, and minutely verrucose externally; the disc of

The apices of the para-

physes are very remarkable, reminding one of the young
capsule of a Brywm.

Name—Adovog, hairy.
Langridge!

828 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

2. Calloria chrysostigma. (Fries.)

Gregarious, sessile, with a broad stem-like base,
bright yellow, sometimes white, soft, submembranaceous,
globose, then plano-concave, at first slightly pubescent.
then glabrous; asci clavate or cylindraceo-clavate ; spo-
ridia 8, fusiform, straight, 12 x 2u; paraphyses filiform.

Peziza chrysostigma—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 128.
Helotium chrysostigma—Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 148;
Gill, “Champ.,” p. 155.

On dead fronds of Pteris aquilina, Athyrium, ete.

A very minute and variable species, now yellow, now
white; at first pubescent, then glabrous.

Name—ypvode, gold, orfyua, @ point.

King’s Lynn! (Mr. ©. B. Plowright).

(b) Sporidia cylindrical.
3. Calloria steretcola. (Cooke.)

Gregarious, minute, sessile or substipitate, globose,
then cup-shaped, between fleshy and waxy; externally
woolly, of a delicate rosy-pink when dry; hymenium
the same colour; asci subclavate ; sporidia 8, cylindrical,
obtuse, 7 x 1:54; paraphyses slenderly filiform.

Peziza stereicola—Cooke in “ Grevillea,” i. p. 180.

Exs.—Phil, “ Elv. Brit.,” No. 186.

On the hymenium of Stereum.

Cups 300 to 700u broad. The delicate pubescence is
seen best in recently collected specimens; some of the
cups are furnished with a decided stem; when moist the
flesh is soft.

Name—Sterewm, a genus of fungi, colo, to inhabit.

Scotland (Herb. Edin.). Sutton Park, Birmingham
(Mr. W. B. Grove). Colwyn, North Wales!

B. EXTERIOR OF CUPS NAKED.
(a) Sporidia subglobose.
4. Calloria coccinella. (Sommf.)

Scattered or gregarious, sessile, minute, subtremel-
lose when moist, collapsing when dry, flesh-red; asci

CALLORIA. 329

cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia subglobose, uniseriate, 2u;
paraphyses filiform, very slender, subglobose apices,
colourless.

Peziza coccinella—Sommf,, “ Lapp.,” p. 276; Fries,
“Elench.,” ii. p. 112; Karst., “Pez. et Ascob.,” p. 36.
Orbilia coccinella—Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan.,” p. 357;
Karst., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 98. Mollisia coccinella—Gill,
“ Champ.,” p. 129. :

Exs.— Rehm, “ Asco.,” Nos. 71 and 71b.

On dead wood.

About 500u broad.

Name—Diminutive of coccineus, scarlet.

Form condensata. Phil.

Forming condensed fasciculate heaps.
Forres, N.B., in Herb. Currey ! (Rev. Dr. Keith).

(6) Sporidia elliptic.
5. Calloria xanthostigma. (Fries.)

Scattered, plane, submembranaceous, translucent, gla-
brous, yellow, inclining to scarlet; collapsing when dry ;
asci cylindrical or cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, uni-
seriate, globose-elliptic, 3 x 1—1‘5u; paraphyses filiform,
extremely slender, globose at the apices. ,

Penza xanthostigma—Fries, “Obs. Myco.,” i. p. 166 ;
“Sys. Myeco.,” ii. p. 146; “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 206; Karst.,
“ Pez, et Ascob.,” p. 89; “Mon. Pez,” p. 174; Nyl., “ Pez.
Fenn.,” p. 54; Berk., “Outl.,” p. 371; Cooke, “ Handbk.,”
No. 2107. Orbilia leucostigma—var. B. xanthostigma,
Fries—Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 99. Mollisia xantho-
stigma—Gill., “Champ.,” p. 125.

Exs.—Phil,, “ Elv. Brit.,” 130.

On dead wood.

Name—Eav6éc, yellow, oriypa, a point.

Shrewsbury !

6. Calloria Leightoni (nov. sp.).

Scattered, minute, sessile, hemispherical, then slightly
concave; margin incurved; exterior glabrous, very pale

330 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

yellow; hymenium same colour; asci clavate; sporidia
8, oblong-elliptic, 8 x 84; paraphyses slenderly filiform.

Peziza hyalina—Herb. Leighton at Kew.

On Polyporus.

Cups 4 to 1 line broad. The colour varies from
white to very pale yellow; somewhat diaphanous. The
sporidia are considerably larger than Peziza epipora,
Nyl.
"N ame—After the Rev. W. A. Leighton.
Near Shrewsbury! (Rev. W. A. Leighton).

7. Calloria ulcerata. Phil. and Plow.

Scattered, erumpent, plane; margin fimbriate; hyme-
nium dirty orange; asci clavate; sporidia 4, elliptic,
granular within, 15 x 8u; paraphyses filiform, simple or
forked, enlarged at the summits, often contorted.

Peziza ulcerata—Phil. in “Elv. Brit.;” Phil. and
Plow., “ Grevillea,” iv. p. 122, t. 62, £5. Peziza tripolii
—B. and Br., “ Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 1623.

Exs,—Phil., “Elv. Brit,” No. 83; Winter, “Fungi
Eur.,” 2206 ; Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” ed. ii, No. 549.

On dead stems of Aster tripoliwm.

Allied to P. fusarioides, Berk.

Name—From wlcero, to form scabs ; scabby.

King’s Lyn! (Mr. C. B. Plowright).

8. Calloria leucostigma. (Fries.)

Gregarious or scattered, sessile, plane, submem-
branaceous, white, becoming yellowish, translucent ; asci
cylindrical or cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, globose-
elliptic, uniseriate, 2 x 1‘5u; paraphyses filiform, ex-
tremely slender, globose at the apices.

Peziza lewcostigma—Fries, “Obs. Myco.,” i. p. 165;
“Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 146; Karst., “ Pez. et Ascob.,” p. 39;
“Mon. Pez,” p. 174; Nyl., “Pez. Fenn.,” p. 54; “Eng.
Flo.,” v. p. 206; Berk., “ Outl.,” p. 871; Cooke, “Handbk.,”
No. 2108. Orbilia leucostigma—Fries, “Summa Veg.
Scan.,” p. 357; Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 99. Moillisia
leucostigma—Gill., “ Champ.,” 126,

CALLORIA. 831

On dead wood.

About 4 to } a line broad.
Name—)guxéc, white, orfyna, a point,
Shrewsbury !

(c) Sporidia fusiform.
(a) Sumple.
9. Calloria rubicola. Cooke and Phil.

Gregarious, sessile, applanate, reddish flesh-colour,
glabrous; margin prominent, rather obtuse; asci clavate ;
sporidia 8, fusiform, 9—11 x lu; paraphyses slenderly
filiform.

On Rubus ceesius,

Cups } to 2? of a line broad. This is very similar to
Peziza vinosa, but differs in the sporidia.

Name—Rubus, the genus to which the bramble
belongs, colo, to inhabit.

King’s Cliffe! (Rev. M. J. Berkeley).

10. Calloria fusarioides. (Berk.)

Gregarious, rotund or oblong, nearly plane, orange-
fulvous or orange-red; asci clavate; sporidia 8, oblong
or oblong-fusiform, curved, guttulate or pseudo-uniseptate,
10—14 x 3—3'5u; paraphyses filiform, slender, apices
clavate.

Spermogonia gregarious, gelatinous, difformed, dis-
coid, or for the most part oblong or ovate, when dry
applanate, often confluent, similar in size and colour to
the ascigerous stage; sterigmata slender, branched ;
spermatia filiform, straight, about 10u long, lu thick.

Peziza fusarioides—Berk. in “Mag. Zool. Bot.,” 1837,
ip. 46, t 2, £4; “Outl,” p. 371; Nyl, “Pez. Fenn.,”
p. 57; Karst., “Mon. Pez.,” p. 176; Cooke, “ Handbk.,”
No. 2114. Calloria fusarioides—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,”
p. 282. Mollisia fusarioides—Gill., “Champ.,” p. 120, ¢.i.

Exs.—Desm., “Crypt. Fr.” ed. i. 1063, ed. il. 463;
Berk., “ Brit. Fung.,” 67; Fekl, “F. Rh.” 1131; Lib., ex.
29; Rabh., “Herb. Myco.,” ed. ii. 676; Karst. “Fung.

332 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Fenn.,” 646; Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,” 343, ed. ii. 381; Phil.,
“Elv. Brit.,” 82; Rhem, “ Asco.,” 72 and 118. ;
Spermogonia form—Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” ed. ii. 402 ;
Rabh., “ Herb. Myco.,” ed. ii. 73; and “ Fung. Eur.,” 384.
On dead stems of nettle.
2 to 2 of a line broad.
Name—Fusarium, a genus of fungi, sdoc, likeness.

11. Calloria dentata. (Pers.)

Sessile, very minute, at first subglobose, then hemi-
spherical, soft, pallid-white, subfarmaceous; margin
dentate; asci clavate; sporidia 8, biseriate, fusiform,
5 X 1—2u; paraphyses not seen.

Peziza dentata—Pers., “Icon. et Deser.,” p. 5, t. 1,
f. 6, 7; “Myco. Eur.,” p. 315; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii.
p. 147. Mollisia dentata—Gill, “Champ.,” p. 124.

On decorticated twigs.

Cups 300 to 400u broad.

Name—Dens, a tooth ; toothed,

Herb. Berkeley.

(B) Septate.
12. Calloria cornea. (B. and Br.)

Minute, gregarious, sessile, at first globose, yellow
horn-coloured, at length shortly obconic or turbinate and
orange-brown; asci clavate, pointed at the summit;
sporidia 8, fusiform, slightly curved, biguttulate, at
length pseudo-uniseptate, 15 x 2u; paraphyses filiform,
very slender.

Peziza cornea—B. and Br. in “ Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No.
578; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2113.

On dead culms of Carex paniculata. March.

Cups 800 to 500u broad. “Sometimes slightly hollow,
but more generally flat and granulated; margin rather
jagged. An extremely pretty though minute species”
(B. and Br.).

Name— Corneus, horny ; from the colour.

Batheaston ! (C. E. Broome, Esq.).

CALLORIA. 333

13. Calloria Coniicola (nov. sp.). Cooke and Phil.

Gregarious or crowded, hemispherical, then expanded,
concave, flesh-red; margin involute; hymenium brighter
red; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, narrowly fusiform, becoming
uniseptate, 13 x 2u; paraphyses filiform, slender.

On dead stems of Convwm maculatum.

Cups 300 to 500 broad. :

Name—Conium, a genus of plants, colo, to inhabit.

King’s Cliffe! (Rev. M. J. Berkeley),

(d) Sporidia fileform.
14. Calloria vinosa. (A. and 8.)

Minute, sessile, subtremellose, nearly plane, smooth,
quite entire, pale vinous-red; asci clavate; sporidia 8,
filiform-acicular, straight or curved, 10—15 x 1; para-
physes filiform, slender, sometimes branched, with
globose, pyriform, or thickened apices. (Plate X. fig. 63.)

Peziza vinosa—aA. and 8., p. 308; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,”
ii, p. 141; Wallr., “ Flo. Germ.,” p. 469; “Eng. Flo.,” v.
p. 205; Berk., “ Outl,” p. 370; Karst., “ Pez. et Ascob.,”
p. 87; “Mon. Pez,” p. 176; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No.
2097. Mollisia vinosa—Gill, “ Champ.,” p.125. Calloria
vinosa—Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan.,” p. 359; Fekl.,
“Symb. Myco.,” p. 283. Orbilia vinosa—Karst., “ Myco.
Fenn.,” p. 101.

Exs.—Rav., iv. No. 19; Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,” nov. ed.
No. 1412; Roumg., “ Fung. Gal.,” 1252.

On fallen branches, bark, and wood.

Name—Vinum, wine ; of the colour of red wine.

Common !

15. Calloria luteo-rubella. (Nyl.)

Scattered,. minute, disciform, glabrous, somewhat
tremelloid, yellowish-red or yellowish-brown ; asci
cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia fusiform or fusi-filiform,
7—10 x 1—1'‘5u; paraphyses filiform, slender, apices
nearly globose.

Peziza luteo-rubella—Nyl, “Pez. Fenn,” p. 55;

334 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Karst., “ Mon. Pez.,” p. 175; Phil. and Plow., “ Grevillea,”
x. p.68. Orbilia luteo-rubella—Karst., “Symb.,” p. 248 ;
“ Myco. Fenn.,” p. 101.

On dead willow bark. Nylander and Karsten find it
on poplar and elder, also on dead polyporus. July to
September.

Cups about } to ? of a line broad. Approaches very
near to C. lewcostigma.

Name—Luteus, yellow, rubellus, reddish.

Shrewsbury !

16. Calloria rubella. Pers.

Gregarious, minute, sessile, between soft and waxy,
becoming somewhat plane, smooth, flesh-red; margin
sublaciniate ; sporidia 8, minute, cylindrical, 6 x 2u.

Peziza rubella—Pers., “Syn. Fung.,” p. 685; and
“Myco. Eur.,” i. p. 804; A. and 8S, p. 808; Fries, “ Obs.
Myco.,” i. p. 163; “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 141; “Summa Veg.
Scan,” p. 353; Wallr, “Flo. Germ.,” p. 469; Rabh.,
“Krypt. Flo.,” i p. 347; B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,”
No. 1484; “Grevillea,” iii, p. 122. Mollisia rubella—
Gill., “ Champ.,” p. 124.

Exs.—Karst., “ Fung. Fenn.,” No. 884,

On decayed wood with P. vinosa.

“Cups 1 to 2 lines broad” (B. and Br.). “Semi-
pellucid, convex, then plane and subflexuose; margin
minutely velvety” (M. C. C. in MS).

Name—Rubella, reddish.

New Pitsligo (Rev. J. Fergusson).

17. Calloria auricolor. (Blox.)

Gregarious, soft, subgelatinous, orange, marginate,
springing from a stratum of delicate, hyaline filaments ;
sporidia 8, narrow.

Peziza auricolor, Blox—B. and Br. “Ann. Nat.
Hist.,” No. 1068; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2098.

On the under side of a fallen tree.

“Cups with a broad raised margin, springing from
delicate, radiating, hyaline, interwoven hairs. The

DERMATES. 335

evident affinity of this species to P. vinosa induces us to

place it in Mollisia rather than in Tapesia” (M. J. Berk.),
Name—Auwrum, gold, color, colour; golden-yellow.
Gopsal (Rev. A. Bloxam),

18. Calloria inflatula. (Karst.)

Gregarious, nearly plane, thin, hyaline-white, when
dry globose-inflated, angularly contracted, dirty-yellow
or nearly brick-red ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8,
acicular-filiform, 4—7 x 5y.

Peziza inflatula—Karst., “ Mon. Pez.,” p.175. Orbilea
inflatula—Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 100.

On bark and wood.

Cups 4 to ? of a line broad. Nearly allied to Peziza
epipora, Nyl.

Leigh Woods and Stapleton Park, near Bristol! (Mr. C.
Bucknall).

19. Calloria diaphana. (Sow.).

Scattered, urceolate, then plane, whitish, hyaline.

Mollisia diaphana—Gill, “ Champ.,” p. 182. Peziza
vulgaris, Fries, var. 3. diaphana—Sow., “ Fung.,” t. 389,
£.7. Mollisia vulgaris—Gill., “Champ.,” p. 119,

On fallen branches.

Name—é:agavijc, diaphanous; transparent.

Order V.—DERMATEZ. Fries.

Receptacles corky, coriaceotis, or horny, mostly
erumpent and cespitose, sessile or substipitate, urceolate,
concave or plane; epiphytal. (Plates X., XI. figs. 64-69.)
In some of the genera included here spermogonia and
pycnidia have been observed. :

The plants in this order are characterized by their
firm texture and dark colour, varying from rhubarb-
brown to umber-brown and black ; they are nearly all
erumpent, and the majority czespitose and united at the

ie
a
cn

336 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

base, as if arising from a common stroma. In Tympanis
they approach Patellaria ; in Heterospheria they simu-
late Spheria ; in Dermatea they have some likeness to
Helotiwm ; but attention to the texture and fructification
will prevent the possibility of error.

Name—from the typical genus Dermatea.

ARRANGEMENT OF THE GENERA.

‘I. Encelia. Fries. IV. Tympanis. Fries.
II. Dermatea. Fries. V. Crumenula. De Not.
Ill. Cenangium. Fries. VI. Ephelis. Fries.

Key To THE GENERA.

Receptacles seated on an effused horny crust .. Ephelis,
Receptacles corky or granular; flesh generally

brown an ais as 8 BS .. Dermatea.
Receptacles coriaceous; sporidia filiform .. «. Crumenula,
Receptacles coriaceous; sporidia oblong .. .. Encelia.
Receptacles horny or coriaceous, the base more or

less prolonged below (so that they are not globose,

as in Heterosphzria) we e . 1
Receptacles black, very rarely mealy on .. Tympanis.

: cone rarely quite black, generally mealy .. Cenangium.

. oe

Genus I—Encaia. Fries.

Cups sessile, at first closed or nearly closed, at length
Open, concave, more or less coriaceous; externally fur-
furaceous or naked; sporidia 8, oblong; epiphytal.
(Plate X. fig. 64.)

Name—é», within, and xétAoe, hollow

Only three British species.

Key To THE Species.

Externally blackish .. os si oe « 1
Externally pale tan .. és ne on «. furfuracea.
eae rugose.. on oe oe +. fascicularis.
* (Externally verrucose .. ane os ae -» Bloxami.

1. Encelia fascicularis. (A. and 8.)

Ceespitose, rarely solitary, sessile, leathery mem-
branaceous, irregular, rugose, blackish ; externally rather
mealy ; hymenium concave, dark bay-brown, becoming
paler; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong,

ENCGELIA. 837

straight or curved, 14 x 4; paraphyses filiform, clavate
at the apices. (Plate X. fig. 64.)

Peziza fascicularis—A. and S., “Consp.,” p. 315, t.
12, fig. 2; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 75; “Eng. Flo.,” v.
p- 191; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2009. Encalia fasci-
cularis—Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 217. Dermatea
fascicularis—Fckl, “Symb. Myco.,” p. 278. Peziza
crispa-—Sow., t. 425 ; Purt., “ Midl. Flo,” t. 7. Cenangium
fasciculare—Gill, “Champ.,” p. 196.

Exs.—Fries, No. 291; Sommf., No. 97; Berk., exs.
No. 154; Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” No. 721; Fekl., “F. Rh.,”
No. 1028; Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” No. 69 ; Cooke, “ Fung.
Brit.,’ No. 478; Phil. “ Elv. Brit.” 17; Rehm, “ Asco.,”
No. 301; Roumg., “Fung. Gal.,” 2274.

On dead branches of Frawvinus, Salia, Populus, ete.

Cups about 4 lines broad. Caspitose, 6 to 12 united,
but sometimes solitary, thin, submembranaceous, hemi-
spherical, but compressed, and margin sinuate ; externally
blackish, coated with a fugaceous meal.

Name—Fasciculus, a small bundle ; fasciculate.

King’s Cliffe, Northamptonshire (Rev. M. J. Berkeley).
King’s Lynn! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Near Carlisle! (Dr.
Carlyle). ;

Var. repagulis—Cooke in “Fung. Brit.” ed. ii. No.
364,

2. Encelia furfuracea. (Fries.)

Sessile, between fleshy and leathery ; externally pallid,
mealy; margin involute, entire; hymenium cinnamon-
blackish ; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, oblong, straight or
curved, 2 to 4-guttulate, 10—12 x 3u; paraphyses stout,
enlarged upwards.

Peziza furfwracea—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 76;
“Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 192; Roth. ii t. 9, f 3; Pers. “Syn.
Fung.,” p. 672; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2010. Cenan-
gium furfuracea—Gill. “Champ.,” p. 196. Dermatea
furfuracea—Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan.,” p. 362; Fekl.,
“Symb, Myco.,” p. 278. Encelia furfwracea—Karst.,
“Myco. Fenn.,” p. 218.

Zz

338 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Exs.—Karst., “ Fung. Fenn.,” No. 326, 554; Fckl.,
“FP, Bh.” No. 326; Rav., vi. No. 86; Cooke, “Fung.
Brit.,” 453; Phil. “ Elv. Brit.,” 18.

On Corylus avellana and Alnus incanus.

Varying greatly in size from 1} lines to 4 an inch
broad. Czespitose or solitary, erumpent, variously
deformed by pressure, coated with a pale rusty meal;
hymenium cinnamon.

Name—Furfur, bran; branny.

Glapthorn, Northamptonshire (Rev. M. J. Berkeley).
King’s Lynn, Norfolk! (Mr. C. B. Plowright).

3. Encelia Bloxani (nov. sp.).

Gregarious, often cespitose, shortly stipitate, eyathi-
form, coriaceous, blackish brown, minutely verrucose;
hymenium lurid brown; margin slightly undulating ;
flesh dark purple-brown ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic,
3—4 x 2u; paraphyses filiform, adherent.

Fusiform, uniseptate, stylospores on slender filaments
are abundantly intermixed with the asci and paraphyses,
the summits rising a little above the surface of the
hymenium. .

Patellaria Blowami—Berk. in Bloxam’s herb. at
Kew.

On dead wood.

Cups about 1 to 4 lines broad. When dry the plant
is black ; the purple-brown colour of the interior is only
visible in a microscopic section. The stylospores appear
to arise from the subhymenial tissue, and are by no
means an accidental addition, for they are present in all
the cups I examined. They are similar bodies to those
in Peziza diplocarpa, Currey, and cannot be explained
as spores that have germinated. On the surface of the
very young cups a few short hairs occur. The cells of
the pseudo-parenchyma are about 7 to 5u across.

Habitat not given.

DERMATEA. 339

Genus II—DeErmatza. Fries.

Excipulum somewhat corky, at first entirely closed,
then from urceolate becoming expanded, often erumpent,
scattered or cespitose, with the stems united into a
eras stratum; sporidia large; epiphytal. (Plate X.

g. 65
Pycnidia and Spermogonia are found in some species.
Name—8éépua, leather ; from the texture.

ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES.

A. Sporidia elliptic, 1-septate oe .» species 1

B. Sporidia oblongo-elliptic
(a) Sporidia simple ies . » «2,38
(b) Sporidia becoming pseudo- septate » 49

Key To THE SPECIES.
Hymenium at first orange-red, then pale tan-colour :

on pine-leaves aa a s -. nectrioides.
Hymenium livid: on dead wood .. .. livida.
Hymenium cinnamon-yellow: on dead wood +. einnamomea.
Hymenium orange-yellow: on beech ai .. Fagt.
Hymenium dirty-yellow, Peon Bene on

Portugal laurel a .. Houghtonii.

Hymenium reddish-brown: on Ulex sa «» Ulicis,

Hymenium rhubarb-colour: on wild rose .. .. rhabarbarina.
Hymenium pale flesh-colour: on oak os ». adryina.
Hymenium reddish clay-volour: on cherry e. Cerasi.

A, SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC, 1-SEPTATE.
1. Dermatea Ulicis. Cooke.

Ceespitose or scattered, substipitate; cups at first
turbinate, then open; externally reddish-brown, fur-
furaceous; hymenium darker, concave ; asci cylindracec-
clavate; sporidia 8, elliptic, uniseptate, brown, 12 x 5p;
paraphyses subclavate at the tips, and brownish.

Dermatea Ulicis—Cooke in “ Grevillea,” iii. p. 186.

On dead twigs of Ulex.

Cups 4 to 1 line broad; the colour of ground coffee.

Name—Ulex, the genus to which gorse belongs;
found on gorse.

Shere, Surrey (Dr. M. C. Cooke).

340 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

B, SPORIDIA OBLONG-ELLIPTIC.
(a) Sporidia simple.
2. Dermatea nectrioides (nov. sp.).

Gregarious or czspitose, erumpent, sessile, at first
subglobose, then plane, orbicular, reddish-brown ; hyme-
nium at first bright orange-red, becoming pale tan-colour ;
asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic or
oblong, rounded at the ends, with one or two large
guttule, straight or slightly bent, 20—-25 x 7u; para-
physes filiform, slender, branched.

On cones of Pinus sylvestris.

Cups 300 to 500u broad. The cups issue singly or in
groups of two or three, through an elongated slit in the
epidermis, which is usually black on the margin. They
are at first globose, bright orange-red, shining, hardly to
be distinguished from a Nectria ; at a later stage the disc
becomes plane or convex and pale tan-colour. It is a
near ally of Dermatea conigena, Phil.

Name—VNectria, a genus of fungi, cidoc, resemblance.

Barn Green, near Birmingham! (Mr. W. B. Grove).

3. Dermatea dryina. Cooke.

Cups sometimes single, sometimes three or four
together, convex-plane, flesh-colour, 4 a line diameter or
less, erumpent; margin very slightly elevated or not at all;
substance fleshy or rather tough; asci clavate; sporidia
8, elliptic, attenuated a little towards each end, straight
or a little curved, 80—35 x 10—12y (Cooke in litt.).

Dermatea dryina—Cooke, “ Grevillea,” vii. p. 62.

On oak bark.

Cups 4 a line broad at most; sporidia larger than in
‘D. carpinea.

Name—8épic, oak; found on oak.

Near Hereford! (Mr. M. C. Cooke).

(b) Sporidia becoming pseudo-septate.
4. Dermatea livida. (B. and Br.)

Minute, gregarious, often crowded, subhemispherical
sessile olivaceous yellow; hymenium plane, margin

DERMATEA., 341

whitish, externally minutely silky; asci subfusiform or
clavate; sporidia 8, oblong or elliptic, with 3 to 4 distinct
guttee, at length 1 to 3 pseudo-septate, 22—25 x 5y.

Patellaria livida—B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,”
No. 775; Cooke’s “ Handbk.,” No. 2167. Patellaria
constipata—Blox., MSS. ; ‘Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No.
2176.

Exs.—Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” No. 578.

On fallen firs. December.

Cups } to 4 a line broad; greyish-white when. scary.

Name—Lividus, of a pale lead-colour.

Gopsal Park, Leicestershire ! (Messrs. Berkeley ‘pad
Broome).

5. Dermatea Cerasi. (Pers.)

Solitary or subezspitose, erumpent, at first tuber-
culate, reddish clay-colour, then plane, blackish, with an
elevated, subrepand margin, irregular; exterior rugose,
sometimes sprinkled with a greenish meal; hymenium
brownish or blackish; asci cylindraceo- clavate ; sporidia
8, narrowly oblong, straight or slightly bent, ‘becoming
pseudo-uniseptate, 20 X 54; paraphyses filiform, adherent,
brown at the apices.

Pyenidia intermixed with the above or separate,
conical, coriaceous, furfuraceous, opening by a minute
pore; stylospores narrowly fusiform, elongated, curved
or flexuous, 3 to 5-septate, 40 x 2—3y; sterigmata fili-
form, 20u long.

Spermogonia smaller than the pycnidia; spermatia
filiform, curved, 13 to 164; sterigmata filiform, branched,
very short.

Peziza Cerasi—Pers., “Tent. Disp. Meth..” p. 35;
“Syn. Fung.,” p. 673; “Myco. Eur.,” i. p. 329; “Icon.
Pict.,” t. 20,f.1; Grev., “Flo. Edin.,” p. 246. Cenangiuwm
Cerasi—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 180; “Eng. Flo.,” v.

211; Berk, “Outl,” p. 374; Cooke, By “Handbk. a
No. 2189; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 195. Dermatea Cerasi—
De Not., “Disc.,” p. 18; Tul. “Select. Fung. Carp.,” iii
p. 156, t. 19, f. 18-16.

342 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Form Spermogonia, Spheria dubia—Pers., “ Icon.
Pict.,” iv. p. 48, t. 20, f 1.

Exs—Berk., No. 161; Moug., No. 494; Desm., “ Crypt.
Fr,” ed. i. 665, ed. ii. 571; Rabh., “Herb. Myco.,” ed. ii.
517; Rehm, “ Asco.,” 421; Roumg., “Stirpes,” 265 ; Ellis,
«N, A. Fungi,” 989; Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,” ed. ii. 659.

On branches of wild cherry.

Name—Cerasus, the genus to which the cherry
belongs; inhabiting cherry.

6. Dermatea cinnamomea. (D. C.)

Solitary or ezspitose, sessile or substipitate ; hyme-
nium plane or convex, cinnamon-yellow, a little pul-
verulent beneath ; asci clavate; sporidia 8, oblong, rounded
at the ends, unequal-sided, 2 to 3-guttulate, at length 1
to 3 pseudo-septate, 20—80 x 8—10u; paraphyses fili-
form, slender. (Plate X. fig. 65.)

Peziza cinnamomea—D. C., “Flo. Fr.,” p. 23; Pers.,
“Myco. Eur,” p. 268; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 77;
Berk., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 1928; “Grevillea,” x.
p. 51.

On maple bark. December.

Name—Cinnamomum, cinnamon; from the colour.

Leigh Woods, near Bristol! (Mr. C. Bucknall).

7. Dermatea Houghtonit. Phil.

Solitary, more frequently czespitose, erumpent; cups
at first globose, then turbinate, base often combined into
a common stroma, dirty yellow, becoming brown; hyme-
nium plane or convex, immarginate, pruinose; asci
broadly clavate; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic, often un-
equal-sided, greenish hyaline, 3-guttulate, becoming 2 to
2 pseudo-septate, 27 x 6—9u; paraphyses filiform,
branched.

Dermatea Houghtonii—Phil. in “ Grevillea,” vi. p. 24.

Exs.—Phil., “Elv. Brit,” No. 144; Cooke, “Fung.
Brit.,” ed. ii. 660.

On dead branches of Portugal laurel. Autumn.

DERMATEA. 348

The cups break through transverse slits in the bark,
forming elongated groups, arising from a common stroma;
within they are cinnamon-yellow.

Name—After the Rev. W. Houghton.

Lilleshall, Salop! (Rev. W. Houghton).

8. Dermatea rhabarbarina. (Berk.)

Minute, scattered, erumpent, plane or slightly convex,
clothed with tawny meal; flesh rhubarb-colour; asci
clavate, broad; sporidia 8, oblong or oblong-elliptic, with
one or more large gutte, at length 1 to 2 pseudo-septate,
16—20 x 5—7u; paraphyses numerous, clavate, brown
at the apices, adherent. a

Peziza rhabarbarina—Berk., “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 197.
Patellaria rhabarbarina—Berk., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,”
No. *89; and “Outl,” p. 378; Cooke, “ Handbk.,”
No. 2164. Pezicula rhabarbarina—Tul., “Select. Fung.
Carp.,” iii. p. 183; Fekl, “Symb. Myco.,” 278. Peziza
ardenensis—Mont., “Ann. Se. Nat.,” 1836, p. 287, t. 18,
f. 5. Helotiwm rubi—Sprée in Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,”
exs. 717. Pezicula Rose—Sace., “Myco. Ven. Sp.,” 1513.
Lachnella rhabarbarina—Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan.,”

. 865.
Exs.—Rav., No. 46; Berk., 271; Lib., No. 231; Rabh.,
“Fung. Eur.,” No. 717, nov. ed. No. 223; FckL, “F. Rh.,”
No. 2075; Phil, “Elv. Brit.,” No. 91; Sacc., “Myco. Ven.
Sp.,” No. 1513; Rehm, “ Asco.,” No. 355; Winter, “Fungi
Eur.,” 2122; Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” ed. ii. 656.

On dead branches of the wild rose.

The whole branch is sprinkled with minute scattered
dots, resembling the shield of a Lichen, fixed by a single
point into the bark, so that where they have been rubbed
off a little hole is seen in the bark with raised edges,
filled with the bright rhubarb-coloured flesh of the base
of the cup, which can scarcely be called a stem. The
disc is darker when dry, and quite flat, with a very
narrow border; but when moistened it often becomes
convex, and is then of an ochraceous hue, bordering on
ferruginous (Berk., “Eng. Flo.”).

344 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Name—Rhabarbarum, another name for Rhewm, the
genus to which rhubarb belongs.

King’s Lynn! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Hencott, neai
Shrewsbury !

9. Dermatea Fagi (nov. sp.).

Erumpent, the orbicular or elliptic groups 1 to 8 lines
across, splitting the epidermis; cups plane or slightly
convex, mostly immarginate, when moist orange-yellow,
when dry ferruginous-yellow, pruinose, densely crowded
on an evident stroma; stem when present stout, con-
tinuous with the stroma; asci broadly clavate; sporidia
&, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, filled with coarsely grained
protoplasm, sometimes becoming muriform, 18—23 x 9—
12u; paraphyses slenderly filiform, abundant.

Stylospores oblong-elliptic or elliptic, 1O—20 x 7—9n;
produced on the surface of the stroma in tufts between
the cups on clavate sporophores.

On Fagus sylvatica.

The cups are + to 4 a line broad. The conidia are
produced in such a quantity as to form a pale stratum
visible under a pocket lens. I am not aware that they
have been observed in any other species.

Name—From the tree on which it grows.

Kingcausie, near Aberdeen! 1886.

Genus II].—Cenaneium. Fries.

Receptacle closely shut, at length more or less open,
marginate, with a thick epidermis of a different colour ;
hymenium even, persistent; asci cylindraceo-clavate;
sporidia 8, elliptic, oblong, fusiform or filiform.

Pyenidia immersed, conical, unilocular; stylospores

ovate or slenderly fusiform, (Plate X. fig. 66.)
_. The receptacles are erumpent, sessile or subsessile ;
their exterior coriaceous or membranaceous, the interior
es grumous. Pycnidia have not been observed
in a

CENANGIUM. 345

Name—xevée, empty, ayyos, a vessel ; from the hollow
receptacle.
ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES.
a. Sporidia elliptic.

(a) Sporidia septate .. os -. species 1
(6) Sporidia simple aes or oa 9 (24
B. Sporidia oblong ie Ok
c. Sporidia linear-fusiform or filiform aes » 6,7
vp, Sporidia clavate .. os ae ee » 89

Key To THE SPECIES.

Externally glabrous .. bee na war ek
Externally more or less powdery is 2
Hymenium black, margined, substipitate : ‘on birch seriatum.
Hymenium nearly black, scarcely margined, sub-

1 stipitate “se + prunastri.

‘1 Hymenium blackish-brown, margined, sessile .. subsuitidum.
Hymenium pale cinereous; satel fimbriate, con-
nivent, turbinate .. Ribis.

Hymenium whitish cinereous ; margin lacetated . fuliginosum.
2 Hymenium yellowish. . a . 38

‘)Hymenium brown... 28 oe = .. pheosporum.
Hymenium black an ae ». Rubi.
3. Externally rugose, powder reddish . cs .. ferruginosum.
Externally even, powder whitish .. ae .» pulveraceum.

A. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC.
(a) Sporidia, septate.
1. Cenangiwm prunastri. Fries.

Cespitose, erumpent, substipitate or subcylindrical,
united at the base into a common stroma, horny, smooth,
blackish ; hymenium plane or slightly concave, nearly
black, submarginate ; brown within ; asci clavate; sporidia
8, oblong-elliptic, 1-septate, 10O—13 x 3—4u; paraphyses
filiform, adherent, brown at the summits.

Pyenidia associated on the same stroma with the
above, awl-shaped, blackish, smooth, pierced for half their
length with a cylindrical cell, opening at the summit ;
stylospores fusiform, acute, curved, uniseptate, 15 x 2u.
(Plate X. fig. 66).

Cenangium prumastri—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 180 ;
“Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 211; Berk., “ OutL,” p. S74; Yoke
« Handbk.,” No. 2190. Peziza prunastri—Grev., “ Flo.

346 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Edin.,” p. 425. Dermatea prunastri—Fries, “Sum. Veg.
Scan.,” p. 362; Fekl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 267.
Exs—Berk., 162; Fekl, “F. Rh.” 1126; Rehm,
“ Asco.,” 218.
On branches of sloe.
Name—Prunus, the genus to which the plum belongs.
Port Hill, Shrewsbury !

(b) Sporidia simple.
2. Cenangium pheosporum. Cooke.

Scattered, erumpent, clove-brown, shortly stipitate ;
externally rather delicately furfuraceous, attenuated
downwards into the darker stem; margin a little in-
curved ; hymenium nearly of the same colour ; asci elon-
gated, clavate ; sporidia 8, uniseriate, smooth, clear brown,
broadly elliptic, 12 x 84; paraphyses thick, clavate,
brown above.

Cenangiwm phaeosporum—Cooke in “ Grevillea,” xii.
p. 44.

On sycamore bark.

About $ a line broad.

Name—gaidc, dusky, odpoc, seed.

Exeter! (Mr. E. Parfitt).

3. Cenangium ferruginosum. Fries.

. Gregarious or cespitose, subsessile, at first nearly
globose, then subturbinate, coriaceo-membranaceous,
rugose, coated with a reddish-brown powder, at first
closed, then opening at the summit by an irregular
aperture ; hymenium yellowish or olive-brown ; margin
when dry inflexed; pale cinereous-white within; asci
cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic or elliptic-fusi-
form, obtuse, colourless, 12 x 54; paraphyses filiform,
simple.

Pyenidia associated on the same stroma with the
above, small, conical; stylospores narrowly ovate,
9-—10 x 2—3n.

Cenangium ferruginosum — Fries, in “Vet. Ak.
Handl.,” 1818, p. 361; “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 187 ; “ Elench.,”

CENANGIUM. 3847

li. p. 283; “Summa Veg. Scan.,” p. 364; “Eng. Flo.,” v.
p. 212; Grev., t. 197; Berk., “Outl,” p. 374; Karst.,
“Symb.,” p. 255; “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 220; Tul. “Select.
Fung. Carp.,” iii. p. 168; Fekl, “Symb. Myco.,” p. 269;
Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2194; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 193.
Peziza abietis—Pers., “Syn. Fung.,” p. 671.

Exs.—Fries, “Scler.,” No. 292; Rabh., “ Herb. Myco.,”
ed. ii. 508 (sub nom. Peziza pinicola); Karst., “ Fung.
Fenn.,” 662; Moug., 399; Fekl, “F. Rh.,” 1122; Cooke,
“Fung. Brit.” 662, ed. ii, 195; Phil, “Elv. Brit.,” 44;
Roumg., “ Stirpes,” 163.

Name—Ferrugo, iron-rust ; from the colour.

On branches of Pinus sylvestris. .

King’s Lynn! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Hencott Pool,
Shrewsbury !

4, Cenangium subnitidwm—Cooke and Phil.

Gregarious, erumpent, turbinate, becoming patellate,
blackish-brown; hymenium marginate, depressed, then
plane or convex, externally naked, opaque or somewhat
shining; asci clavate-cylindrical; sporidia 8, narrowly
elliptic, curved, biguttulate, pale amber-colour, 15 x 5u;
pycnidia conical or subspherical, often solitary; stylo-
spores slenderly fusiform, curved, hyaline, 10—15 x Ip.

Cenangiwm subnitidwm—Cooke and Phil. in “Gre-
villea,” iii. p. 186; “Scott. Nat.,” 1. (new ser.) 86.

Exs.—Phil., “ Flv. Brit.,” No. 94.

On dead fallen branches of alder.

Dise } to 4 a line broad.

Name—Sub, somewhat, nitidus, shining.

Trefriw, North Wales! Forres! (Dr. Keith).

B. SPORIDIA OBLONG.

5. Cenangium pulveraceum. (A. and 8.)
Gregarious or crowded, stipitate, subglobose, then
subhemispherical, blackish, clothed with a dense cinereous
or whitish powder; hymenium concave, pallid-yellow ;
stem woody, blackish within; asci clavate; sporidia 8,
oblong, 5—8 x 2u; paraphyses filiform.

348 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Peziza pulveracea—A. and &., p. 342, t. 8, f. 2; Pers,
“ Myco. Eur.,” p. 827. Cenangiwm pulveracewm—Fries,
“Sys. Myeco.,” 1. p. 181.

On dead stems of holly.

Name—Pulvis, dust ; powdery.

Trefriw, North Wales !

C. SPORIDIA LINEAR-FUSIFORM OR FILIFORM.

6. Cenangium fuliginosum. Fries.

Gregarious or cespitose, crowded into broad patches,
sessile or subsessile, erumpent, obovate, depressed at the
summit and fibrillose-striate, coated with rusty powder,
at length opening by a lacerated mouth, naked and
fuliginous ; hymenium whitish cinereous, coriaceous-mem-
branaceous ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, linear-
fusiform, acute, straight or curved, 4 to 8-septate, 50—
70 X 2—8u ; paraphyses filiform, sometimes branched.

Pyenidia associated on the same stroma with the
above, globose, smooth, blackish, at length opening by a
pore at the summit; stylospores linear-fusiform, straight
or curved, 3-septate, 20—30 x 2°5u.

Cenangium fuliginoswm—Fries, “Elench.,” ii. p. 23 ;
“Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 212; Tul., “Select. Fung. Carp.,” iii. 166,
t. 20, f. 1-4; Berk., “Outl.,” p. 374; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No.
2193. Scleroderris fuliginosa—Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,”
p. 216.

Exs.—Moug., 889 ; Sommf., 191; Rabh., “Herb. Myco.,”
ed. ii. 710; “Fung. Eur.,” 938; Karst., “ Fung. Fenn.,”
336.

Name—Fuligo, soot ; from the smoky colour.

On branches of willow.

Rockingham Forest (Rev. M. J. Berkeley).

7. Cenangium seriatum. Fries,

Gregarious or cespitose, erumpent through narrow
transverse cracks in the bark; cups globoso-depressed,
at first closed, at length opening, horny, black, glabrous,
arising, in company with the pycnidia and spermogonia,

CENANGIUM. 349

in a linear series from a thin black stroma; asci broadly
clavate ; sporidia 8, linear-lanceolate, acute at the ends,
straight or curved, pseudo-multiseptate, 55—85 x 2—3y.

Spermogonia in the form of minute depressed
tubercles, discharging by an apical pore the filiform-
lanceolate spermatia, which are curved, and about
15u long. Pycnidia minute, slenderly conical, discharg-
ing by a minute apical pore the linear-lanceolate
stylospores, which are acute at the ends, curved, and
about 30 long.

Cenangium seriatum—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 185;
Duby, “Bot. Gall,” p. 736, No. 10. Peziza truncatula
—Rebent., “Neom.,” p. 383. Dermatea seriata—Tul.,
“Select Fung. Carp.,” vol. iii. p. 160.

Exs.—Mazerio, “Crypt. Gall.,” ed. i. fase. viii. (1829),
No. 884; Lev. in Moug., “Stirp. Crypt.,” fase. xv. (1860),
No. 1479.

On Betula alba.

The transverse cracks in the bark expose the linear
series (4 to 1 inch long) composed of the three forms, the
ascigerous cups being rarest. Tulasne gives the sporidia
as 85—45 x 3—4u; but in the Oxford specimen they
are as given above. He says that long before the fruit
can appear the linear series changes the natural colour
of the white parchment-like bark to brown, and that
underneath each (sorus) is a black linear ovate zone in
the wood.

Name—Series, an order, a row; from the mode of

rowth. ' :

Oxtord ! (Mr. Baxter).

D. SPORIDIA CLAVATE.
8. Cenangium Ribis. Fries.

Ceespitose, at first spherical, then turbinate; stems
connate, arising from a stroma-like tubercle, blackish-
brown, nearly naked, at first closed, then opening with a
fimbriate, connivent margin ; hymenium pale cinereous ;
asci cylindrical, narrowed to an elongated base; sporidia

350 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

8, linear-clavate, obtuse at one end, acute at the other, at
length 3 to 5-septate, 20—38 x 3:5—45u; paraphyses
filiform, slender.

Pyenidia separate or united, sessile, nearly globose,
glabrous, becoming fulvous, when dry cinereous-black,
rugose ; stylospores nearly elliptic or oblong-ovate,
straight, with two large nuclei, colourless, 7—11 x 3:5—
4u; sterigmata subulate, simple, about 2u long.

Peziza Ribesia—Pers., “Tent. Disp. Meth.,” p. 35;
and “Syn. Fung.,.” p. 672; A. and 8. p.344. Cenangium
Ribis—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 179; “Hlench,” ii. p. 21;
“Summa Veg. Scan.,” p. 364; Tul., “Select. Fung. Carp.,”
ili. p. 163, t. 19, £ 1-9; Fekl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 267; B.
and Br., “ Ann, Nat. Hist.,” No. 585; Cooke, “ Handbk.,”
No. 2188. Tympanis Ribis—Wallr., “ Crypt. Flo.,” ii. p.
431. Scleroderris ribesia—Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 215.

Pycnidia: Spheria Ribesia—Link., “ Hand.,” iii. p.
376. Fuckelia Ribis—Bon., “ Diss. Myco.,” iv. p. 135.

Exs.—Schm., exs. No. 75;.Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” ed. i.
2013, ed. ii. 1613 ; Karst., “ Fung. Fenn.,” 929; Klotzsch.,
345; Rabh., “Fung. Eur.” 727; Sommf., 189; Rehm,
“ Asco.,” 422.

On currant twigs.

Name—Ribes, the genus to which the currant belongs.

Thame (Dr. Ayres).

9. Cenangium Rubi. (Fries.)

Innato-erumpent, scattered or czespitose, somewhat
horny, smooth, nearly plane, black; hymenium becoming
paler; margin erect or incurved; asci clavate; sporidia
8, cylindraceo-clavate, 7-—8 x 54; paraphyses filiform.

Lrochila Rubi—De Not., “Dise.,” p. 15. Excipula
Rubi—Fries, “ Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 190; “Eng. Flo.,” v. p.
296; Grev., t. 334; Fekl, “Symb. Myco.,” p. 400.
Cenangiwm Rubi—Berk., “Outl.,” p. 374; “Ann. Nat.
Hist.,” No, 1924; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2194. Mol-
lisia atrata, var. Rubi—Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 202.
Pyrenopeziza Rubi—Rehm, “ Asco.,” No. 416; Sacc.,
“ Mich.,” i. p. 423,

TYMPANIS. 351

Exs.—Fries, “Sel. Suec.,”” No. 101; Fekl., “F. Rh.,”
1964; Cooke, “Fung. Brit.” ii. 196; Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,”
2021; Phil., “Elv. Brit.,” 43; Roumg., “Fung. Gal.,” 1266.

On dead raspberry-stems. Common.

A doubtful Cenangium.

Name—Rubus, a genus of Rosacee ; from its habitat.

Church Stretton, Salop!

Genus IV.—Tympanis. Toda.

Ceespitose or scattered, stipitate or sessile, black, at
first closed, then open, concave or plane, naked or rarely
mealy, firm, horny ; sporidia 8 or innumerable. Secondary
fruit—pyenidia, spermogonia, or stylospores. (Plate XL
fig. 67.)

On dead wood.

Name—vipravov, a drum.

ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES.

A. Sporidia oblong-elliptic .. si +. species 1
B. Sporidia linear-fusiform .. wo es aK
o. Sporidia very minute, innumerable a » 38-8

Key To THE Sprcizs.

In linear series: on Khamnus Frangula .. «. Frangulz.
Gregarious or solitary: on Ligustrum vulgare .. ligustrt.
Scattered or cxespitose: on Pinus sylvestris .. amphibola.
Scattered or cespitose: on Larix Huropzus .» laracina.
Cerspitose in elongated groups: on Cratzgus +. conspersa.
Cexspitose in elongated groups: on Frazinus .. Frasint.
Cespitose in rounded groups: on Sorbus iparia ~=Aucupariz.
Caspitose in rounded groups: on Alnus .. .. alnea.

A. SPORIDIA OBLONG-ELLIPTIC.

1. Tympanis Frangule. Fries.

Gregarious or in linear contiguous series, turbinate-
truncate, blackish, subcoriaceous; hymenium plane,
umber or olive-brown, when dry black; asci broadly
cylindraceo-oblong, narrowed at the base; sporidia 4,
oblong-elliptic, becoming 3 to 4-septate, 19—22 x 8u;
pavaphyses filiform, slightly enlarged at the apices.

“Pyenidia intermixed with the ahove, spheriaform,

352 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

opening by a minute pore; stylospores oblong-ovoid,
straight or curved, 25 x 6:5y.” 2

Tympanis Frangule—Fries, “ Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 174;
“ Elench.,” ii. p. 18; “Summa Veg. Scan.,” p. 400; Cooke,
“Handbk.,” No. 2183. Dermatea Frangule—Tul,
“Select. Fung. Carp.,” iii. p. 161; “Ann. Se. Nat.,” 1853,
t. 16, f. 1-8. Pezicula Frangule—Fckl., “Symb.
Myco.,” p. 279, t. 4,f.46. Dermatella Frangule—Karst.,
“ Myco. Fenn.,” p. 209.

Exs.—Moug. and Nest., No. 887; Karst., “Fung.
Fenn.,” No. 47; Rabh., “Herb. Myco.,” ed. ii. No. 661;
Fekl., “ F. Rh.,” No. 764.

On Rhamnus frangula.

Name—Frangula, the specific name Rhamnus
frangula.

Shere, Surrey ; Highgate, Middlesex (Dr. Cooke).

B. SPORIDIA LINEAR-FUSIFORM.

2. Tympanis amphibola. (Mass.)

Rarely subcespitose, generally scattered or solitary,
at first closed and subspherical, then open and concave,
at length plane, slightly marginate or convex and im-
marginate, rugulose, black; asci cylindraceo-clavate ;
sporidia 8, fusiform, 3 to 5-septate, 14—20 x 3—4u;
paraphyses filiform, slender, simple or branched, slightly
thickened at the apices.

Spermogonia scattered, convex or subconical, minute ;
spermatia oblong, simple, 3—5 x 1—l ‘du.

Phragmophora amphibola—Mass., “Framm.,” p. 13.
Peziza amphibola—Nyl, “Pez. Fenn,” p. 66; Karst.,
“Mon. Pez.,” p. 168; Cooke, “Grevillea,” i. p. 132.
Tympanis amphibola—Karst., “Symb.,” p. 252 ; “ Myco.
Fenn,” p. 230. Scleroderris amphibola—Gill, “ Champ.,”
p. 198.

Exs.—Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” p. 840; Winter, “ Fungi
Eur.,” 2960.

On Pinus sylvestris.

Name—apgiBorog, put round.

TYMPANIS. 353

Near Shrewsbury! Found by Dr. Hall, locality un-
known to me.

C. SPORIDIA VERY MINUTE, INNUMERABLE,
3. Tympanis laracina. (Fckl.)

Cups scattered or cespitose, erumpent, sessile, totally
black, horny; hymenium plane, margined ; asci cylin-
draceo-clavate ; sporidia very minute, innumerable.

Pyenidia rotund, closed, at length perforated, black,
rugulose; stylospores long, filiform, slender, curved,
flowing out in a yellow gelatinous mass.

Cenangiwm Laracinum—Fckl, “Sys. Myco.,” p.
270; “ Grevillea,” 2, p. 187.

Exs.—Phil, “ Elv. Brit.,” 145.

On bark of Larix Ewropeus.

Name—Laria, the genus to which the larch belongs.

Shrewsbury !

4, Tympanis ligustri. Tul.

Gregarious or solitary, erumpent, at first obtuse, then
expanded into a marginate hymenium, substipitate,
black, glabrous, between gelatinous and horny, pale’
within ; asci broadly cylindrical ; sporidia (?) innumer-
able, very minute, ovate or ovate-oblong; paraphyses
filiform, slender, numerous.

Stylospores (conidia ?) diplodia-form, borne on filiform
sporophores, intermixed with the asci and paraphyses.

Tympanis ligustri—Tul., “Select. Fung. Carp.,” iii.
p. 154; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2187. Tympanis saligna
—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 176 (in part); B. and Br.,
“Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 584; Berk., “ Outl,” t. 1, f 10;
Gill, “Champ.,” p. 197. Cenangium ligustri—F ck,
“Symb. Myco.,” p. 268. :

Exs.—Fckl., “F. Rh.,” No. 767; Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,”
No. 229; Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.” ed. ii. 461.

On Ligustrum vulgare.

Name—Ligustrum, the generic name of the host-

lant.
Lucknam, Wiltshire (Messrs. Berkeley and Broome).
2A

354 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

5. Tympanis conspersa. Fries,

Ceespitose, in round or elongated erumpent groups;
cups substipitate, truncate-turbinate, black; hymenium
plane or slightly concave, submarginate ; asci cylindraceo-
clavate; sporidia (?) innumerable, extremely minute; »
paraphyses filiform, slender, enlarged and brown at the
apices, adherent. :

Spermogonia usually intermixed with the above,
conical or obconical, black; spermatia very minute.
(Plate XI. fig. 67.)

Tympanis conspersa—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 175;
“Eng. Flo,” v. p. 211; Grev., t. 338; Berk., “ Outl.,”
p. 874; Tul, “Ann. Sc. Nat.,” xx. (1853) t. 16, f. 15, 16;
Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2186; Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,”
p. 226; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 197.

Exs.—Fries, “ Sc}. Suec.,” Nos. 12 and 171; Berk.,
No. 160.

On Pyrus, Crategus, ete.

Name—Conspersus, sprinkled; distributed on the
wood.

Bagley Wood, near Oxford! (Mr. Baxter).

6. Tympanis Aucuparic. (Pers.)

Cespitose, black, sprinkled with whitish meal, at
first spherical, then elongated, somewhat cylindrical,
arising from a common stroma, closed, at length open at
the apex; hymenium concave, blackish, marginate ; asci
clavate; sporidia innumerable, extremely minute ; para~
physes filiform, slender, slightly enlarged at the summits,
hrown, adherent.

Spermogonia resembling the early stage of the above;
spermatia extremely minute, borne on slender branched
sterigmata.

Spheria Aucuparie—Pers., “Syn. Fung.,” p. 51; A.
and S., p. 25. Cenangium Aucuparie—Fries, “ Sys.
Myco.,” ii. p. 181; “Eng. Flo.” v. p. 212; Cooke,
« Handbk.,” No. 2191. Peziza Aucuparie—Grev., “Flo.
Edin.,” p. 426,

TYMPANIS. 355

Exs.—Moug. and Nest., No. 789.
On dead branches of mountain ash.
Name—Aucuparia, the specific name of Pyrus

aucuparia, on which it grows.
Craiglockhart (Dr. Greville).

7. Tympanis Fraxini. (Schwz.)

Ceespitose, in elongated erumpent groups; cups sub-
sessile, turbinate-truncate, shining, black; hymenium
plane, rugose, marginate; asci broadly clavate ; sporidia (?)
innumerable, extremely minute; paraphyses filiform,
slender.

Peziza Fraxini—Schwz., “ Synop.,” No. 1262. Tym-
panis Fraeini—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 174; “Eng.
Flo.,” v. p. 210; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2185. Cenan-
gium Fraxini—Tul, “ Ann. Se. Nat.,” 1853, p. 140. ©

Exs.—Libert, No. 1029; Roumg., “ Fung. Gal.,” 1272.

On branches of ash. Winter and spring.

Name—Fraxinus, the generic name of the host-
plant.

Appin (Capt. Carmichael).

8. Tympanis alnea. (Pers.)

Cespitose, bursting through the bark in rounded
groups, shortly stipitate, brownish-black, somewhat
horny; hymenium plane or slightly concave, sub-
marginate; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia (?) in-
numerable, extremely minute; paraphyses filiform,
slender, adherent, brown at the summits.

Spermogonia intermixed with the above, subconical
or oblong-ovate, opening by a minute pore. Spermatia
extremely minute, born on slender branched sporo-
phores.

Peziza alnea—Pers., “Syn. Fung.,” p. 673; “Myco
Eur.,” p. 325. TLympanis alnea—Fries, “Sys. Myco.” ii.
p.174; “Elench.,” p. 18; “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 210; Cooke,
“ Handbk.,” No. 2184 (in part.) Cenangvum alneum—
Fekl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. oF (?).

356 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Exs.—Somnf., No. 191,

On alder.

Name—Alnus, the genus to which alder belongs,
Appin!

Genus V.—CrumenvLa. De Not., “Dise,,” p- 9.

Cups superficial, globose, dehiscing with a rounded,
entire, or lacerated mouth, when dry closely pressed
together; excipulum coriaceous, exceeding the thickish
concave hymenium; asci from the slender base nearly:
cylindrical, 8-spored; paraphyses filiform; sporidia
acicular, continuous or septate, delicate hyaline-yellow.
(Plate XI. fig. 68.)

Inhabiting branches of shrubs.

Name—Crumena, a purse ; from its shape.

Key To THe Sprciss.

On vaccintum ..- .. as a5 ae +. urceoliformis,
On Calluna vulgaris: sporidia septate ais -. callunigena.
On Calluna vulgaris: sporidia longer and not :
septate sé ae a oe sd -» Ericz.
On Arbutus Uva-Urst .. a ie as Ledi.

1. Crumenula urceoliformis. Karst.
Scattered, generally solitary, erumpent, sessile or
subsessile, nearly globose, blackish, brown-furfuraceous,
becoming concentrically sulcate and naked, at first closed,
then opening with a connivent mouth; disc pale cinereous ;
asci cylindrical, narrowed at the base; sporidia 8, fili-
form,65 2u; paraphyses filiform, forked at the apices.
(Plate XI. fig. 68.) :
Peziza wreeoliformis—Karst., “Mon. Pez.,” p. 172. -
Crumenula wreeoliformis—Karst., “ Myco. Fenn.,” p. 213
On dead stems of Vaccinium Vitis idea.
Name—Urceolus, a little pitcher, forma, shape.
Grantown, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith),

2. Crumenula callunigena. Karst.

Cups solitary, nearly globose, sessile, brownish-black,
naked, striate, mouth connivent; asci cylindrical, with a

CRUMENULA. 357

slender base; sporidia 8, filiform, very often attenuated
at both ends, straight, colourless, simple or slenderly
3-septate, 40—60 x 2:54; paraphyses crowded, apex
slightly and unequally thickened.

Peziza callunigena—Karst., ¢Mon. Pez.,” p. 171.
Crumenula. callunigena—Karst., “Symb.” p. 251;
“ Myco. Fenn,” p. 212.

On branches of Calluna vulgaris. Autumn.

Cups ‘6 mm. broad. I have found this abundantly on
decaying branches of Calluna vulgaris, and the cups are
invariably seated on a blackish-brown tapesium, re-
minding one of Tapesia Rose (Pers.), to which it bears
some resemblance.

Name—Calluna, a genus of EHricacece, gigno, to bear.

Near Clunbury, Salop !

3. Crumenula Eric. (Fries.)

Solitary, sessile, coriaceo-membranaceous, brownish-
black; externally rugose; mouth compressed, connivent ;
asci cylindrical, narrowed at the base; sporidia 8, fili-
form, 90 x 15; paraphyses filiform, slender.

Pycnidia similar to the above; stylospores cylin-
draceo-fusiform, curved, at length uniseptate, 16 x 2u.

Cenangium Erice—Fries, “ Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 188.

Exs.—Phil., “Elv. Brit,” No. 194. Neither Rehm’s
“ Asco.,” No. 466, nor Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” 1445.

On dead branches of Calluna vulgaris.

Name—rica, a genus of heaths; from its habitat.

Hadnall, Salop !

4. Crumenula Ledi, (A. and 8.)

Scattered, superficial, sessile, at first closed, and nearly
spherical, then depressed at the top, at length hemi-
spherically collapsed, and opening with a broad mouth,
rugulose, black; asci subeylindrical (sporidia not seen) ;
paraphyses numerous, filiform.

Peziza Ledi—A. and &., p. 343, t.10,f.7; Fries, “Sys,
Myco.,” ii. p. 114; Nees, f. 264; B. and Br., “ Ann, Nat.

358 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Hist.,” 160; Cooke, “Handbk.,” 2080. Crumenula Led
—Karst., “ Myco. Fenn.,” p. 214.

On Arbutus Uva-Ursi. September.

Sessile, globose-hemispherical ; externally rugose,
brownish-black ; mouth especially shining, greenish,
covered with a compact powder; disc dingy.

Glencoe, N.B. (Mr. Churchill Babington).

>

Genus VI—EpuHELis. Fries, “Fung. Mexic.,” and

“Summa Veg. Scan.,” p. 370.

Perithecium (stroma) forming an effused crust; here
and there tuberculate, tubercles dehiscing into cup-shaped
excipula. (Plate XI. fig. 69.) |

Name é¢nXig, spots brought out by the sun.

1. Ephelis Rhinanthi (nov. sp.).

Cups at first tuberculate, crowded or gregarious,
arising from an effused horny crust, at length expanding,
patelliform, softish-waxy, black ; asci cylindraceo-
clavate; sporidia 8, oblong, or clavate, 3-guttulate,
10 x 54; paraphyses filiform, slightly enlarged at the
apices. (Plate XI. fig. 69.)

Rhytisma radicalis—Cooke, “Grevillea,” viii. p. 9
(the immature stage).

On stems near the base, and roots, of Rhinanthus
Crista gallt. Autumn.

The mature cups are about a } of a line broad, sessile,
attached by a broadish base, externally rough, internally
pale grey. Dr. Cooke finds stylospores which are
elongated fusiform, tapering at the extremities to a
slender point, with two or more septa, 70 x 5u. The
general appearance is that of a black gouty swelling, the
unexpanded cups somewhat like a Cucurbitaria.

Name—Rhinanthus, the genus to which the yellow
rattle belongs.

Near Aberdeen (Mr. J. Taylor), Forres, N.B,! (Rev.
Dr. Keith). Osmere, near Whitchurch, Salop !

PATELLARIA. 359

Order VI.—PATELLARIACEZ. Fries (in part).
Cups sessile, subcoriaceous or horny, glabrous, or-

bicular, rarely closed at first, plane or slightly concave,
black or dark-coloured (except P. pallida); asci cylin-
draceo-clavate; sporidia 8, coloured or hyaline ; epiphytal.
(Plate XI. figs. 70-72.)

ARRANGEMENT OF THE GENERA.

I. Patellaria. Fries. III. Laquearia. Fries,
Il. Heterospheria. Grev.

Key To Tae GENERA.
Cups open from the first i 8 aa .» Patellaria.
Cups covered with a superior deciduousexcipulum Laquearia.
Cups at first closed, globose .. me as .. Heterospheria.

Genus I.—PaTELLaRiA. Fries.
Excipulum between coriaceous and horny, naked,

black, open from the first; dise punctiform, becoming
gradually dilated, firm, acigerous, persistent. (Plate XI.
fig. 70.)

ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES.
4. Sporidia elliptic.
(a) Coloured sie oe % .. species 1-3
(b) Hyaline, simple ee oe ae 5
(c) Hyaline, septate .. on
B. Sporidia oblong or oblong-elliptic.
(a) Hyaline, simple es ae aie » 6
(0) Hyaline, septate .. Be ae » 7-13
o. Sporidia subclavate.
(a) Hyaline, septate .. o-
D. Sporidia fusiform or linear-fusiform.

(a) Hyaline, simple ae ae AF » 17,18
(6) Hyaline, septate .. ase ane » 19-21
E. Sporidia filiform .. ie die ae » 22
Doubtful species .. ie a ae » 23, 24
Kry To THE SPECIES.
Hymenium white .. oe 3 . -. atro-alba,
Hymenium pallid .. oe os os -. pallida.
Hymenium citrine .. oe ove ee -. ettrina.
Hymenium olivaceous os a on +. olivacea.
Hymenium subpruinose; sporidia large .. .. atrata.
Hymenium black so nce we on oe oh
Hymenium fuliginous or blackish-brown .. » 38

360 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Margin entire; sporidia vermiform se ee vermifera.
Margin pale; sporidia clavate or fusiform, mediu
size .. .. a2 a os a +. macrospora.
1, Margin flexuous; sporidia minute, elliptic. .. flexella.

’Y Margin thin, compressed; sporidia large, 3-septate compressa.
Margin thin, compressed; sporidia large, simple... connivens.

Margin serrated; sporidia smaller, simple.. .. rubro-tingens.
Margin absent .. oe as ive ae ae 2
Sporidia brown ae -. Bloxami.

Sporidia hyaline; cups seated on a spot-like crust Lecideola,
Sporidia hyaline; cups emerging through the bark swbéectum.
Margin tumid; sporidia brown gm sere .. lignyota.,
Margin crenulate; sporidia hyaline, fusiform, large maura.
Margin incurved; sporidia hyaline, slender, small litoralis.
Margin entire; sporidia hyaline, elliptic, minute minutissima.
3.4Margin entire; sporidia hyaline, oblong-fusiform,

very large .. a i abe Ne .. Loncierz.
Margin obtuse; sporidia hyaline, clavate, large .. clavispora.
Margin vinous-purple; sporidia hyaline, fusiform atro-vinosa.
Margin absent... m3 an oe Ss . 4
On dead stems of Hypericum : sporidia 3-septate.. Hyperici.
On dead oak: sporidia 4 to 5-septate oe ++ proxima.

Np

A. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC.
(a) Colowred, septate.

1. Patellaria lignyota. Fries,

Scattered or subgregarious, sessile, when dry horny,
when moist softer, applanate, concave, then plane, grow-
ing black ; margin tumid, subcrenulate; hymenium when
moist fuliginous; asci clavate, obtuse; sporidia 8, oblong-
ovoid, brown, l-septate, 10 x 4u; paraphyses filiform,
adherent.

Patellaria lignyota—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 150;
B. and Br., “ Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 579; Cooke, “ Handbk.,”
No. 2177. Arthonia melaspermella—Nyl. in “Flora,”
1855; Leighton, “ Lichen Flora,” ed. iii. p. 416.

Exs.—Rabh., “ Myco. Eur.,” 1152; Phil., “Elv. Brit,”
No. 146.

On decorticated wood.

Cups about 4 ofa line broad. No visible thallus, and
much resembling a Lecidea. Opinion will differ as to
the alliance of this species, but for the present I prefer
to retain it as a fungus.

PATELLARIA. 86r

Name—Lignum, wood; from the habitat.

Bomere Pool, near Shrewsbury! near London (Mr. F.
Currey). Oakley Park, Cirencester; Braydon Pool,
Gloucestershire (Mr. Joshua).

2. Patellaria Blozami. Berk.

Gregarious, sessile, applanate, plane or convex, black,
flesh blackish-brown, when old immarginate ; asci
cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic, uniseptate, brown,
10—15 x 5—8u; paraphyses numerous, filiform, adherent,
slightly thickened and brown above.

Patellaria Bloxami—Berk. in herb. Kew.

On rotten wood.

Cups about } to 4 a line broad. When young it has
a very narrow margin.

Name—After the Rev. Andrew Bloxam.

Rev. A. Bloxam, without locality !

3. Patellaria olivacea. (Batsch.) F

Sessile, applanate, between fleshy and waxy; ‘ex-
ternally rugulose, olivaceous ; hymenium becoming black ;
margin prominent, tumid, entire, becoming nearly yellow ;
asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, elliptic or slightly turbinate,
polari-guttulate, bluish-green, 9—10 x 4—5yu; paraphyses
filiform, rather stout, septate, clavate at the summit.

Peziza olivacea—Batsch, “El,” f. 51; Pers., “ Myco.
Eur.,” p. 306; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 142; B. and Br.,
“Ann. Nat. Hist.” No. 1077, t. 15, f. 22; Cooke,
“Handbk.,” No. 2174. Rhizina nigro-olivacea—Curr.,
“Linn. Trans.,” xxiv. p. 494, t. 51, f. 10-12.

On rotten willow.

“Tt runs over the wood in an irregular manner, like
the thallus of a Peltidea. In its young state it is truly
Peziza-like, and very beautiful” (B. and Br.). Sporidia
7°6 to 10u long.

Name—Olwva, an olive; of an olive-green colour.

Batheaston ! (C. E. Broome, Esq.).

362 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

(b) Hyaline, simple.
4. Patellaria flecella. (Fries.)

Immersed, compressed, minute, concave, subcoriaceous,
variously flexuose, black ; asci clavate ; sporidia 8, elliptic,
5 xX 2:5u; paraphyses adherent, black at the summit.

Peziza flecella—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 152; “Eng.
Flo.,” v. p. 207; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2125.

Exs.—Moug. and Nest., No. 1094; Roumg., “Stirpes,’
333.

On dead wood, especially pine.

Cups about 100 to 290u broad. This is usually re-
garded by lichenologists as a Xylographa; but, until
this and its allies are grouped on some more satisfactory
basis, we retain it here.

Name—Flexus, bowed ; slightly bent.

Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith).

(c) Hyaline, septate.
5. Patellarva minutissima (nov. sp.).

Gregarious or scattered, very minute, sessile, when
dry compressed, when moist expanded; externally blackish-
brown; margin entire, incurved; hymenium fuliginous-
brown; asci clavate or cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8,
elliptic, hyaline, 2 to 3-guttulate, at length 3-septate,
6 X 84; paraphyses filiform, slightly enlarged at the bent
apices.

On decayed wood.

Cups about 300u broad; when dry somewhat im-
mersed in the wood.

Name—Minutus, minute; very minute.

Near Shrewsbury !

B, SPORIDIA OBLONG OR OBLONG-ELLIPTIC,
(a) Hyaline, simple.
6. Patellaria pallida. Berk.
Gregarious, sessile, pallid, with a somewhat obtuse

margin; sporidia biseriate, oblong, slightly curved;
12u long.

PATELLARIA. 363

Patellaria pallida—Berk., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No.
1831; “Grevillea,” vii. p. 8.
On smooth bark! (Rev. A. Bloxam).

(6) Hyaline, septate.
7. Patellaria proxima. B. and Br.

Orbicular, shield-like, depressed, somewhat immersed,
black; hymenium same colour or brown-black; asci
clavate; sporidia 8, oblong, obtuse at the ends, slightly
curved, 4 to 5-septate, 17—25 x 5—6y; paraphyses free,
filiform, slender, branched.

Patellaria proxima—B, and Br., “ Ann. Nat. Hist.,”
No. 965, t. 16, f. 18; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2170. P.
parvula—Cooke, “ Handbk.,” 2178.

Exs.—Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,’ No. 660; Phil. “Elv.
Brit.,” No. 147.

On dead oak.

“Closely resembling P. atrata, but differing materi-
ally in the fruit” (B. and Br.).

Name—Proximus, nearest, next; from its approach-
ing another species.

Barking! (Berkeley and Broome). Shrewsbury !

8. Patellaria Hyperict. Phil.

Gregarious, very minute, innate-sessile, applanate,
immarginate, glabrous, blackish-brown; asci broadly
clavate; sporidia 8, biseriate, oblong-elliptic, triseptate,
17—20 x 5—8u; paraphyses filiform.

Patellaria Hyperici—Phil. in “ Grevillea,” x. p. 69.

On dead stems of Hypericum.

Cups 100 to 3004 broad, at first innate, then
emerging. The sporidia of this species germinate freely
within the ascus, thrusting the germ-tubes through the
walls of the ascus; the free sporidia often present a
germ-tube twice their length while yet in the hymenium.

Name—Hypericum, a genus of Hypericacea ; growing
on Hypericum.

Shrewsbury !

364 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

9. Patellaria compressa. (A. and 8.)

Scattered or crowded, minute, innate, thin, blackish,
when dry compressed, conchiform ; asci clavate; sporidia
8, oblong or oblong-elliptic, 2 to 3-septate, straight or
curved, 8—11 x 3°54; paraphyses filiform, branched. ;

Peziza compressa—a. and §&., p. 340; “Eng. Flo.,” v.
p. 207; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2124. Dwrella compressa
—Tul., “Select. Fung. Carp.,” iii. t. 22, f. 8-14; Roumg,,
“Fung. Gal.,” 589; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 191.

On dead wood. ;

This approaches very near to Patellaria proxima,
B. and Br., but the sporidia are not so large.

Name—Compressus, pressed together; having the
margin pressed together.

Appin,
10. Patellaria lecideola., (Fries.)

Sessile, minute, somewhat horny, concave, black;
seated upon a cinereous spot-like crust; asci clavate ;
sporidia 8, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, pseudo-3-septate,
9—16 X 4—5u; paraphyses filiform, slender.

Peziza, lecideola—Fries, “Obs. Myco.,” i. p. 166, t. 4,
f.1; Karst., “Pez. et Ascob.,” p. 41; “Mon. Pez.,” p. 167;
Nyl., “Pez. Fenn.,” p. 64. Patellaria lecideola—Karst.,
“Myco. Fenn.,” p. 234; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2179;
Gill, “Champ.,” p. 191.

Exs.—Fries, “Sel. Suec.,” 157; Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,”
641,

On dead wood. Karsten says poplar and birch.

Name—Lecidea, a genus of lichens; like a small
Lecidea.

Shere, Surrey ! (Dr. Capron).

11. Patellaria Lonicere (nov. sp.).

Gregarious, minute, sessile, subhemispherical, then
partly expanded, black; hymenium concave, fuliginous ;
margin incurved; asci broadly clavate; sporidia 8, elon-
gate-oblong or oblong-fusiform, 6 to 7-guttulate, becoming

PATELLARIA. 3865

pseudo-6-septate, straight or curved, 25—45 x 4—7y;
paraphyses filiform, slender.

On dead wood of Lonicera.

Cups 300 broad.

Name—Lonicera, the genus to which the honey-
suckle belongs; on honeysuckle.

Darnaway, N.B.!

12. Patellaria connivens. (Fries.)

Gregarious, minute, innate; hymenium depressed,
black or rufescent; margin thin; when dry compressed
and difformed ; asci broadly clavate; sporidia 8, oblong-
fusiform, 6 to 8-guttulate, at length pseudo-septate,
1426 X 4-64; paraphyses filiform, very slender,
branched from the base, abundant.

Peziza connivens—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 151;
Nyl., “Pez. Fenn.,” p. 65; Karst “Mon. Pez.,” p. 167;
Phil. and Plow., “Grevillea,” x. p. 69. Patellaria
connivens—Karst., “ Myco. Fenn.,” 234.

Exs.—Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” 641.

On dead wood of willow. Karsten says alder, poplar,
and birch also.

Cups about 500 to 800% broad. The wood is tinged
from white to green on the spot where it grows.

Name—Conniveo, to wink; from the closing up of
the margin.

Shrewsbury !

13. Patellaria subtectwm (nov. sp.). Cooke.

Singly or in clusters, appearing first as black conical
points emerging through the layers of bark, in which
condition no fructification is seen; at length the conical
points expand into lens-shaped or Lecidea-like discs,
which are immarginate and black, about 4 of a line
broad or less; substance soft and fragile; asci broadly
clavate, narrowed into a slender stem; sporidia 8,
oblong-elliptic, 3 to 4-guttulate, at length 1 to 3-septate,
20—24 x 5—6u; paraphyses filiform, slender. Stylo-
spores in the same hymenium, elongated, cylindrical, 5 to

366 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

8-guttulate, curved, on short sporopores seated amongs!
the asci, 30—50 x 5y.

On inner bark of Cistus lawrifolius. June.

Name—Sub, under, tectwm, roof; concealed by the
bark. ,

Royal Gardens, Kew ! (Dr. M. C. Cooke).

C. SPORIDIA SUBCLAVATE,
(a) Hyaline septate.
14, Patellaria atrata. (Hedw.)

Subcoriaceous, patelliform, sessile, plane, black ;
margin swollen; hymenium subpruinose ; asci cylin-
draceo-clavate ; sporidia subclavate, 5 to 7-septate,
35—46 x 64; paraphyses filiform, adherent, black, and
thickened at the apices.

Lichen atratus—Hedw., “Mus. Frond.,” ii. p. 61,
t. 21, f. a. Peziza patellaria—Pers., “Syn. Fung.,”
p. 670; “ Myco. Eur.,” p. 306; D. C., “Flo. Fr.,” ii. p. 76;
A. and S., p. 341; Nees, “Sys.,” f. 265. Peziza-atrata—
Wahl., “Ups.,” p. 466; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 160;

"“ Eng. Flo,” v. p. 208; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” p. 716.
‘Lecanidion atruwm—Rabh., “ Handb.,” p. 342; Fekl.,
“Symb. Myco.,” p. 266; Pat., p. 31, f. 72.

Exs.—Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” 33; Fekl., “ F. Bh.,” 1118;
Phil, “Ely. Brit.” 90; Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,” ed. ii.
194; Roumg., “ Fung. Gal.,” 828.

On dead wood.

Cups about 4 a line broad. Firm, orbicular; margin
prominent.

Name—Ateer, black.

King’s Lynn! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Conway, North
Wales! (Rev. W. A. Leighton). Trefriw, North Wales!
Attingham, Shrewsbury !

15. Patellaria clavispora. B. and Br.

Scattered, sessile, when young nearly globose, when
older expanding, plane, obtusely margined, rather
irregular, pitch-brown; white within; asci cylindraceo-

PATELLARIA. 367

clavate; sporidia 8, clavate or clavate-fusiform; 3 to
6-septate; 380 X 54; paraphyses filiform, the summits
branched, moniliform, brown, somewhat adherent. (Plate
XI. fig. 70.)

Patellaria clavispora—B. and Br., “ Ann. Nat. Hist.,”
No. 774; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2166.

On twigs of privet.

Cups } to 4a line broad. Externally like P. atrata,
but differing in the asci, sporidia, and paraphyses.

Name—Clava, a club, orépoc, seed; from the shape
of the sporidia.

Lucknam, Wiltshire !

16. Patellaria macrospora. (Fekl.)

Gregarious, minute, sessile, at first subhemispherical,
then nearly plane, black, glabrous, margin cinereous;
asci clavate ; sporidia 8, clavate or fusiform, straight or
curved, guttulate, becoming 3-septate, 15—20 x 2—3u;
paraphyses filiform, branched, more or less adherent,
summits subglobose, brown,

Durella macrospora—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,” 281.
Peziza nigro-punctata—Gerard.

Exs.—Phil, “ Elv. Brit.,” 131.

On oak-wood.

Name—vaxpdée, large, owépoc, seed; large-spored.

North Wales !

D. SPORIDIA FUSIFORM OR LINEAR-FUSIFORM.
(a) Hyaline, simple.
17. Patellaria rubro-tingens. B. and Br.

_ Contiguous, forming crust-like, elongated groups;
cups minute, hemispherical, concave, black, rugose;
margin tinged with dark reddish-brown, serrated, in-
curved; asci clavate; sporidia 8, narrowly fusiform,
3 to 4-guttulate, 8—14 x 2u; paraphyses filiform, rather
stout.

Patellarva rubro-tingens—B. and Br. in Herb. Berk.

368 BRITISH DISCOMYOETES.

On oak.

Gup about 1 line broad, forming a continuous layer,
but sometimes separate.

Name—Ruber, red, tingo, to dye.

Batheaston ! (Mr. C. E. Broome).

18. Patellaria litoralis. Phil. and Plow.

Cups scattered or crowded, minute, black ; hymenium
fuliginous-brown, concave; margin incurved, serrated ;
asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, linear-fusiform, 3 to
6-guttulate, straight or a little bent, 25 x 2u; paraphyses
filiform, slender. :

Peziza (Mollisia) litoralis—Phil. and Plow., “ Gre-
villea,” iv. p. 121, t. 62, fig. 4; Steven., “Myco. Scot,”

. 824,
: On dead wood washed up from the loch.

Cups about 500 to 800 lines broad; externally
granular.

Name—Litus, the shore; found on the shore of the
loch.

Lynwilg, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith).

(b) Hyaline, septate.
19. Patellaria mawra—Phil. and Plow.

Cups sessile, scattered, at first globose, becoming
patellate, fuliginous-black ; margin raised, crenulate ; asci
cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, narrowly elongate-fusi-
form or subcylindrical, straight or curved, 30—38 x 5—6u;
paraphyses filiform, summits hooked.

Peziza (Mollisia) mawra—Phil. and Plow., “ Gre-
villea,” iv. p. 122, t. 62, f. 3.

On dead wood. Autumn.

Cups about 4 a line broad. The margin is torn; the
asci have a narrow elongated base, and the paraphyses
are hooked or even curled at the summit.

Name—Mawurus, a Moor; dusky-coloured.

Dinmore, Herefordshire !

PATELLARIA. 369

20. Patellaria atro-vinosa. Blox. (not Berk. and Rav.).

Gregarious or crowded, minute, round or of irregular
outline, almost black, distinctly margined; margin
vinous-purple ; asci elongate-clavate; sporidia 8, tinged
with green, fusiform or linear-fusiform, pseudo-3-septate,
straight or curved, 17—-20 x 3—4u; paraphyses filiform,
slender, branched.

Patellaria atro-vinosa—Blox., MS.; Curr., “ Linn,
Trans.,” xxiv. p. 155, t. 25, f. 831; B. and Br., “ Ann. Nat.
Hist.,” No. 10; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2171.

On bark.

Cups } to 4 a line broad. The disc is blackish-
brown; the margin lighter brown, and somewhat pro-
minent.

Name—Ater, black, vinosus, colour of red wine.

Gopsal, near Twycross! (Rev. A. Bloxam).

21. Patellaria atro-alba. Cooke.

Gregarious or scattered, small, sessile, at length plane,
black ; dise white; sporidia fusiform, 7-septate, hyaline.

Cooke’s “ Handbk.,” No. 2168.

On decorticated sticks.

Variable in size, usually gregarious, but always small;
readily distinguished from its allies by the white disc;
sporidia broadly fusiform, (0013 inch (30) long (Cooke).

E. SPORIDIA FILIFORM.
(a) Hyaline, septate.
22. Patellaria vermifera (nov. sp.).

Scattered, sessile, very minute, cupulate, then patelli-
form, black, glabrous; margin entire ; asci broadly clavate ;
sporidia 8, narrowly cylindrical, vermiform, multiguttu-
late, 30—35 x 3u; paraphyses slenderly filiform, abun-
dant, branched.

On dead branches of decorticated holly.

Cups about 500 broad.

2B

370 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Name—Vermis, a worm, fero, to bear; from the shape
of the sporidia.
Dolgelly, North Wales !

Doubtful Species.
23. Patellaria citrina (Cheval.). B. and Br.

Cups plane; externally pallid; hymenium lemon-
coloured ; asci clavate ; sporidia filiform.

Patellaria citrina—B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,”
No. 588; Berk., “Outl.,” p. 373. Ascobolus citrinus
—Cheval., “Flo. En. Par.,” i. t.31; Cooke, “Handbk.,”
2165.

On rose-twigs lying in a running stream. April.

Our plant answers exactly in outward appearance to
that of Chevallier, having a broad, flat, yellow hymenium,
with a pale border. The asci are clavate, and contain
long filiform sporidia. We suspect that these are what
M. Chevallier calls asci, considering the included granules
as sporidia, exactly as Madame Libert has done in Stictis
Seslerice (B. and Br.).

Penllergare, near Swansea (Mr. M. Moggridge).

The aftinity of this species is somewhat doubtful,
and there being but a single cup in Mr. Berkeley’s
herbarium, it cannot be examined without the risk of
destroying it.

24. Patellaria melazantha. Fries.

Sessile, waxy, dry, patellate ; externally approaching
black ; margin very entire; hymenium yellowish.

Pexza melazantha—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 150.
Patellaria melazantha—Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan.,” p.
366. Peziza melanotheja—Fries in Cooke’s “ Handbk.,”
No. 2123 (2).

There is some confusion in Fries’s “Sys. Myco.” with
regard to this name, the author having named two
ditterent plants by it. Whether both have occurred in
Britain is doubtful.

HETEROSPH RIA, 3871

Genus IJ—HETEROSPHARIA. Grev.

Perithecium sessile, globose-depressed, umbilicate
above, at length open and irregularly torn, thin, cori-
aceous, black ; disc thick, placentiform ; sporidia 8.

Pyenidia similar to the above; stylospores slenderly
fusiform, curved. (Plate XI. fig. 71.)

Name—repoc, different, spaipa, a sphere; different
from the normal Spheria.,

1. Heterospheria patella (Tode). Grev.

Erumpent, sessile, free, at first more or less olivaceous,
at length black, even or striate; disc depressed, rarely
open, dirty white, and then crowned with a toothed
border ; sporidia biseriate, oblong, rounded at the ends,
slightly curved, mostly uniseptate, when mature tri-
septate, 13—16 x 3—4yu; paraphyses filiform.

Pycnidia similar to the above, and more generally
found ; the stylospores slenderly fusiform, acute at both
ends, 25—30 x 3°54; sterigmata short, filiform, some-
times branched.

Asci and stylospores sometimes found associated on
the same dise. (Plate XI. fig. 71.) —

Heterospheria Patella—Grev., t. 103; Fries, “Elench.,”
ii. p. 183; Berk., “Outl.,” p. 379; Cooke, “ Handbk.,”
No. 2275; Tul., “Select. Fung. Carp.,” iii. p. 174, t. 18, f.
16-22; Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 222; Gill. “Champ.,”
p. 188. Spheria penetrans, a. patella—Tode, “Fung.
Meckl.,” ii. p. 45, £121. Spheria patella—Pers., “Syn.
Fung.,” p. 76; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 511. Peziza
fimbriata—Chaill, “Sec. Fr.” Peziza Chai/letii—Pers.,
“Myco. Eur.” i. p. 288. Phacidium patella—Fries,
“ Elench.,” ii. pp. 183, 184; “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 291; Rabh.,
“Krypt. Flo,” i. p. 160. Tympanis patella—Wallr.,
“ Crypt. Flo.,” p. 425.

Exs.—Fries, “Scl. Suec.,” No. 369; Moug. and Nest., No,
485; Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” ed. i. No. 215, and ed. ii. No.
415; Berk., 289; Rabh., “Herb. Myco.,” ed. ii, 446, 447;

372 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

“Fung. Eur.” 839; Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” 930; Cooke.
“Fung. Brit.,” 276.

On dead herbaceous stems,

Name—Paitella, a saucer,

Common!

Genus III.—LaqueariA. Fries.

Dise waxy, persistent, without any hypothecium, but
covered with a horny, coriaceous, dimidiate, superior,
deciduous excipulum ; mouth contracted (Berk., “ Outl.,”
p. 873). (Plate XI. fig. 72.)

Name—Laquear, a roof; from its peculiar form.

1. Laquearia spheralis. Fries.

Erumpent, hemispherical, brown-black, urceolate ;
mouth contracted, entire ; disc plane, black ; asci oblong,
sessile ; sporidia minute, oblong-elliptic, hyaline, simple.
(Plate XI. fig. 72.)

Laquearia spheralis—Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan.,” p.
366; Berk., “ Outl,” p. 373; Fekl, “Symb. Myco.,” p
250; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2182. Stictis Spheralis—
Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 194; “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 213.

Exs.—Fckl., “ F. Rh.,” No. 2066.

On dead, decorticated branches of the ash. Winter.

Introduced entirely on the authority of Mr. Purton;
T have seen no specimens (M. J. Berkeley, 1. ¢.).

Order VII—STICTEZ. Fries.

Receptacle nearly obsolete, immersed in the matrix;
hymenium even, determinate, orbicular or elliptic, mar-
gined by the matrix or a ring of its own; asci cylin-
drical or clavate ; sporidia elliptic, fusiform or elongate-
filiform. (Plates XI, XII. figs. 73-75.)

The excipulum is reduced to a thin membranaceous
layer, which is immersed in the matrix, and adnate to it.

PROPOLIS. 373

Tn Propolis there is a thin subhymenial tissue, but in

Schmitzomia and Stictis this is all but obsolete.
Inhabiting dead bark, wood, herbaceous stems, ete.
Name—From the typical genus.

ARRANGEMENT OF THE GENERA.

I. Propolis. Fries. IL. Stictis. Fries,
Il. Schmitzomia. Fries.

Key To THE GENERA,
Hymenium immersed, waxy, plane; sporidia oblong

or elliptic .. .. Propolis.
Hymenium deeply immersed ; : sporidia elongate-
filiform we . Schmitzomia.

Hymenium deeply immersed ; ” gporidia not filiform Stictis.

Genus I—Propo.is. Fries, “ Elench.,” p. 372.

Hymenium irregular, immersed, waxy, plane, sur-
rounded by an accessory margin; excipulum indistinct
or absent; asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 4 or 8,
oblong or oblong-elliptic ; paraphyses filiform, adherent.
(Plate XI. fig. 73.)

Excipulum membranaceous, immersed, adnate to the
matrix, at length erumpent, and splitting in a stellate
manner, the matrix often forming a second margin. The
subhymenial tissue is more developed than in the two
succeeding genera, and the hymenium is plane or con-
cave, rarely if ever urceolate; asci clavate; sporidia
elliptic or oblong-elliptic.

On dead wood and bark.

Name— Propolis, bee-glue, which the hymenium is
like.

ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES.

A. Sporidia elliptic ars eis a -. species 1
B. Sporidia oblong oe ae ae a8 » 2-4
o. Sporidia fusiform .. ee oe oe » 5
p. Sporidia cylindrical .. ie as a » 6,7
Key To THE SPECIES.
Hymenium black a re ee pyri,
Hymenium greyish-green_ . +. angulosa.
Hymenium reddish; margin golden-yellow «+ chrysophea.

374 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Hymenium golden-yellow .. oe oo -» Lecanora.

Hymenium whitish .. ae ae es aah

Margin spurious; disc rosy-white .. 9 .. rhodoleuca.
1 {Margin laciniate; disc farinaceous-white .. +. versicolor.

Margin laciniate; on rose-branches ae -- Rosx.

A. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC.
1. Propolis Lecanora. (Schum.)

Scattered, gregarious or confluent, erumpent, sur-
rounded by the lacerated bark, at first closed, globose-
depressed, then open, patelliform; the true margin
fimbriate; hymenium golden-yellow, becoming brown ;
flesh at first soft, at length firm ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ;
sporidia 8, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, with one or two
large gutte, 25 x 124; paraphyses filiform, slightly en-
larged at the apices, adhering in a yellow glutine.

Pyenidia intermixed with the above, occupying the
sides or summit of the same stroma, disc-shaped; stylo-
spores oblong or oblong-elliptic, straight or slightly
curved, issuing through the narrowly perforated epider-
mis; sterigmata branched, rather stout.

Peziza Lecanora—Schm. and Kunz., exs. 174. - Stictis
Lecanora—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 193; and “Summa
Veg. Scan.,” p. 373; Wallr., “Flo. Germ.,” ii. p. 443; B.
and Br., “ Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 1172; Cooke, “ Handbk.,”
No. 2227. Peziza ocellata—Pers., “Syn. Fung.,” p. 667;
and “Myco. Eur.,” i. p. 313. Stictis ocellata—Fries, “ Sys.
Myeco.,” ii. p. 193; “Summa Veg. Scan.,” p. 373; Tul.,
“Select. Fung. Carp.,” iii. p. 128, t. 18, f. 1-11; Gill,
“Champ.,” figure only. Propolis Lecanora and P. Populi
—De Not., “ Dise.,” p. 10.

Exs.—Schm. and Kunze, No. 174; Desm., “ Crypt.
Fr.,” ed. i. No. 869, and ed. ii. No. 69; Rabh., “Herb.
Myeo.,” ed. ii. No. 519; “ Fung. Eur.,” ii, No. 457, 787;
Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” 555; Winter, “Fungi Eur.,” 2641;
Kunz., “ Fung. Sel.” 366.

On various species of Salix, and on Populus.

Disc about 4 a line broad, circular or oblong, sur-
rounded by the torn bark, which forms a fringe. The
colour is a reddish-yellow or dark brown.

PROPOLIS. 875

Name—Lecanora, a genus of lichens.
Jedburgh (A. Jerdon). Oxford! (Baxter).

B. SPORIDIA OBLONG.

2. Propolis pyri. (B. and Br.)

Gregarious or confluent, erumpent, orbicular; hyme-
nium plane or concave, black, surrounded by a laciniate
margin ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong or
oblong-elliptic, with 1 or 2 large gutte, slightly tinted
brown, 15—20 x 8u; paraphyses filiform, slender, adherent
im a dark purple gelatine.

Stictis Lecanora (Schum.) var. pyri—B. and Br., “Ann.
Nat. Hist.,” No. 1624, t. 11, £7; “Grevillea,” v. p. 62.

Exs.— Phil. “ Elv. Brit.,” No. 148.

On bark of pear-trees.

Disc about 4a line broad. The sporidia are smaller
than in S. Lecanora, the paraphyses slenderer, and the
hymenial gelatine is purple, not yellow.

Name—Pyrus, the genus to which the pear belongs.

Shrewsbury ! Sutton Coldfield, Warwick ! (Mr. W. B
Grove).

3. Propolis rhodoleuca. (Sommf.)

At first immersed, then erumpent, ovate, plane, rosy-
white, pruinose, yellow within, surrounded by a spurious
margin; asci broadly clavate; sporidia 8, oblong or
oblong-elliptic, often plane on one side, becoming
l-septate, 17—20 x 7—10u; paraphyses filiform, slender.

Stictis rhodoleuca—Sommf., “Lapp.,” p. 198; Fries,
“Sys. Myco.” ; “Elench.,” ii. p. 26.

On cones of Pinus sylvestris.

Cups 1 to 2 lines long. Much resembling P. versi-
color, from which it differs little except in colour.

Name—pdéoy, a rose, Asuxde, white ; rose-white.

In the late Mr. F. Currey’s herbarium, now at Kew !

Var. Strobilina. (Desm.)

Solitary or gregarious, angular, nearly circular or
oblong, plane, white within; hymenium milk-white,

376 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

farinose, becoming spadiceous; asci clavate; sporidia 8,
oblong, obtuse, slightly bent, with 2, 3, or even 4 gutti,
15 long.

" Stictis versicolor, Fries, var. Strobilina—Desm.,
“ Ann. Se. Nat.,” 1842, p. 52.

Exs.—Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” ed. i. No, 1816, and ed.
ii, No. 716.

On cones of Pinus sylvestris.

Cups 4 a line broad ; when elongated they may be 1
lines long. ;

Desmaziere remarks that there is no danger of con-
founding this with P. rhodolewca, which has a rosy-white
disc, is yellow within, and. has didymus (uniseptate)
sporidia ; but the probability is that they are only condi-
tions of the same plant, and in the estimation of some
would both be regarded as not specifically distinct from
P. versicolor.

Name—Sérobilos, a pine-cone.

4, Propolis versicolor. Fries.

Immersed, suboblong, plane; margin spurious,
laciniate ; hymenium at length farinaceous ; asci broadly
clavate ; sporidia oblong, rounded at the ends, slightly
curved, with 2 or more gutta, 2430 x 7—9u; para-
physes filiform. (Plate XI. fig. 73.)

Stictis Propolis versicolor—Fries, “ Sys. Myco.,” ii. p.
198 ; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2230; Corda, “ Icon.,” ii. t. 15, -
f.133. Propolis versicolor—Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan.,”
p. 372; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 182, c. i; Pat. p. 30, f. 70.
Cryptomyces versicolor— Eng. Flo.,” v. p.214. Propolis
faginea (Schrad.)—Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 244.

Exs.—Fries, No. 276; Fekl, “F. Rh.,” 1109; Rav.,
“Fung. Am.,” 315, 316; Roumg., “Fung. Gal.” 1962;
Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” ed. ii. 463.

On pales, chips, sticks, ete.

Fries names four varieties of this species, but, as no
regard was paid by him to the sporidia, it would be vain
to attempt any definition of these,

PROPOLIS. 377

Name—Versicolor, changing colour.
Common !

C. SPORIDIA FUSIFORM.

5. Propolis chrysophea, (Pers.)

Scattered, erumpent, orbicular ; hymenium concave,
reddish ; border rather thickened, golden yellow; asci
cylindraceo-clavate or cylindrical ; sporidia 8, fusiform,
simple, 9—11 x 2u; paraphyses filiform, slender, some-
times branched in the upper part, and slightly thickened
at the apices.

Peziza chrysophea—Pers., “Syn. Fung.” p. 674;
“Teon. Pict.,” p. 17, t. 8, f. 1, 2. Stictis chrysophea—
Pers., “Myco. Eur.” p. 885; B. and Br, “Ann. Nat.
Hist.,” No. 966, t. 16, f 19; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No.
2226.

On wych-elm.

About 4 to ? of a line broad.

Name—xpvodc, gold, gatoc, dusky ; dingy golden.

Z = ease (Mr. C. E. Broome in Berkeley’s herb.,
ew.

D. SPORIDIA CYLINDRICAL,

6. Propolis Rose. Fckl.

Disc erumpent, nearly convex, white, size and form
variable; asci cylindrical, stipitate; sporidia biseriate,
cylindrical, bent, obtusely rounded at each end, 2 guttz,
hyaline, 24—26 x 7—8u; paraphyses filiform, same
length as the asci.

Propolis Rose—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 254.

Exs.—Fckl., “ F. Rh.,” 1276.

The sporidia in my specimen become 2 pseudo-
septate; asci 118 x 12u. Fuckel regards Exidia sac-
charina, Fries, as the conidial stage of this species.

On fallen branches of Rosa canina.

Name—Rosa, the genus to which Rosa canina
belongs, on which it is found.

Trefriw, North Wales!

378 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

7. Propolis angulosa, Karst.

Gregarious, immersed and innate in the parenchyma
of the bark, primarily covered, then seated on the
epidermis, at first tinted with a somewhat blue colour,
erumpent, often encircled by four obtuse triangular
lacine ; angular, or rarely angular or subrotund, plane ;
hymenium greyish-green, mealy ; asci elongate-clavate ;
sporidia 8, elongate, curved, somewhat yellowish-green,
hyaline, 16—23 x 3—4u; paraphyses not very distinct.

Propolis angulosa—Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 244.

On branches of Salia.

About 4 to ? of a line broad.

Name—Angulosus, angular.

Trefriw, North Wales!

Genus Il.—Scumirzomra. Fries.

Dise immersed, encircled by a dehiscent, substellate,
distinct, suberose, friable ring ; asci cylindrical, slender
elongated ; sporidia 8, filiform. (Plate XII. fig. 74.)

The excipulum is reduced in this genus to a very
thin membrane, which is wholly adnate to the matrix,
at first closed, then open; the mouth encircled by a
superficial, more or less persistent, usually white ring.
The asci are very long and slender, splitting at their
summits, allowing the still slenderer, nearly equally long,
filiform sporidia to escape. S. Berkeleyana is sometimes
superficial.

Inhabiting dead wood, herbaceous stems, ete.

Name—After J. Schmitz, and pvela, a tribute of
respect,

ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES.
A. Hymenium blackish or ss .. species 1, 2

B. Hymenium ochraceous or pallid . r
c. Hymenium testaceous or orange-yellow 5
D. Hymenium whitish or bluish-white ake » 56

Key To THE Species.
Margin laciniate, radiating .. os an -- radiata,
Margin entire, yellowish-green oe oe «. DBerkeleyana.
Margin entire .. a o. 2 oe sa: ok

SCHMITZOMIA. 379

On clematis: minute .. +e aie ee .. atro-alba.
y, }On honeysuckle : larger . oe a .» annulata.
*)On Arundo phragmites: sporidia multiseptate .. arundinacea.
On pine-leaves oe fe ne ae a. mivea.

A. HYMENIUM BLACKISH.

1, Schmitzomia atro-alba (nov. sp.). Phil. and Plow.

Scattered, orbicular, urceolate, at first closed, then
open; margin entire, narrow, white, soon falling off;
hymenium nearly black; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8,
filiform, 90 x lu; paraphyses filiform, slender. (Plate
XII. fig. 74.)

On clematis branches.

About 30 to 60u broad. The small size and blackish
dise separate it from other British species.

Name—Ater, black, albus, white; from the black
hymenium and white margin.

Dinmore, Herefordshire ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright).

2. Schmitzomia Berkeleyana. (D. R. and Lév.)

Scattered or somewhat scattered, erumpent, superficial,
orbicular, nearly plane or patelliform, almost yellow-
greenish, at length discoloured, growing pale or cinereous,
pale or white within, pulverulent ; margin scarcely or not
at all exserted, very entire; hymenium olivaceous or
nearly black, also primarily farinose; asci cylindrical ;
sporidia filiform, septate, 150—200 x 15—2u; para-
physes numerous, filiform.

Stictis Berkeleyana—Dr. and Lév., “Flo. Alger.,”
t. 89, f. 8; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 180. Schmitzomia deci-
piens—Karst., “Symb.,” p. 253; “ Myco. Fenn.,” p. 240.

Exs.—Moug. and Nest., 1346.

On dead stems of Artemisia vulgaris.

North Wootton! (Mr. C. B. Plowright). Sandy Lane,
Bristol ! (Mr. C. Bucknall).

B. HYMENIUM OCHRACEOUS OR PALLID.

3. Schmitzomia annulata. (Cooke and Phil.)

Gregarious or scattered, orbicular, urceolate, margin
snow-white, entire, annulate ; hymenium ochraceous or

380 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

pallid ; asci cylindrical, long ; sporidia filiform, somewhat
flexuose, 160—180 x1y; paraphyses filiform, very
slender.
Stictis annulata—Cooke and Phil, “ Grevillea,” ix.
. a.
On honeysuckle.
Cup 300 to 500u broad ; asci 170 x 7p.
Name—Annulatus, ringed.
Oswestry, Salop!

C. HYMENIUM TESTACEOUS OR ORANGE-YELLOW,

4. Schmitzomia radiata. (Linn.)

Gregarious or scattered, immersed, urceolate, at first
closed, then open; margin reflexed and divided into
radiating obtuse laciniz ; hymenium testaceous or nearly
orange-yellow ; asci cylindrical; sporidia 8, filiform, at
length multiseptate, 150—250 x 25—3y; paraphyses
numerous, filiform, slender.

Lycoperdon radiatum—Linn., “Spec.Plant.” Sphoero-
bolus rosaceus—Tode, “ Fung. Meckl.,” i. p. 44, t. 7, £. 58.
Stictis radiata—Pers., “ Obs.,” ii. p. 73; “Syn. Fung.,”
p. 674; “Myco. Eur,” i. p. 336; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii.
p. 194; Wallr., “Flo. Germ.,” ii. p. 144; “Eng. Flo.,” v.
p. 213; Grev., t. 227; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No. 2220;
Gill., “Champ.,” p. 179. Peziza marginata—Sow., t. 16.

Exs.—Berk., No. 70; Baxt., 80; Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,”
769; Rehm, “ Asco.,” 122; Winter, “ Fungi Eur.,” 2735

On wood, twigs, ete.

Name—Radio, to shed beams; from the radiating
margin,

Appin (Capt. Carmichael). Near Manchester! (Mr.
Brittain).

D. HYMENIUM WHITISH OR BLUISH-WHITE,

5. Schmitzomia arundinacea, (Pers.)
Scattered, immersed, orbicular, urceolate, at first
closed, then open; margin prominent, entire or nearly
entire, whitish pulverulent ; hymenium whitish or bluish-
white ; asci cylindrical, very long; sporidia 8, filiform,

STIOCTIS. 381

multiseptate, 230—240 x 1:5—2u; paraphyses filiform,
very slender.

Stictis arundinacea—Pers., “Myco. Eur.,” i. p. 336;
Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 195; “Summa Veg. Scan.,”
p. 873; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 179. Stictis graminum—
Desm. (?).

On Phalaris arundinacea, Linn.

About } of a line broad.

Name—Arundinacea, the specific name of the grass
on which it is found.

Towyn, North Wales!

6. Schmitzomia nivea. (Pers.)

Scattered, immersed, at first covered by the whitened
epidermis, which at length splits longitudinally and falls
away, revealing the elliptic, pallid hymenium; asci
cylindrical or cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, linear,
thickened near one end, pointed, multinucleate, 100 x 3u;
paraphyses filiform, slender, adherent.

Stictis nivea—Pers., “ Myco. Eur.,” iii. p. 339; Fries,
“Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 196; Berk., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No.
167; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2223. Propolis nivea—
Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan.,” 372. Schmitzomia nivea—
De Not., “Disco.” 8. Naemacyclus pinastri—kckl.,
“Symb. Myco.,” Nacht ii. p. 50.

Exs.—Desm., No. 763; Moug. and Nest., No. 1095 ;
Rabh., “ Herb. Myco.,” ii. 712 ; Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,” 812;
Fekl, “F. Rh.,” 1110; Phil, “Elv. Brit.” 149; Cooke,
“ Fung. Brit.,” ii. 661; Sace, “Myco. Ven.,” 1200; “ Erb.
Crit. Ital.,” ii. 890; Roumg., “ Fung. Gal.,” 542.

On pine-leaves. Common.

Name—WNiveus, snow-white.

Near Shrewsbury !

Genus III.—Sricris. Pers.

Dise orbicular, immersed, at first urceolate, closed,
then open, marginate, persistent ; sporidia elliptic, oblong-
elliptic, fusiform or linear. (Plate XTI. fig. 75.)

382 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

As in the preceding genus, the excipulum is membra-
naceous, adnate to the matrix, more or less immersed,
orbicular or sometimes a little elongated, opening at the
top, but mostly without the distinct, friable ring of the
preceding ; sporidia elliptic, oblong-elliptic, fusiform or
linear, often pseudo-septate. —

On dead wood, herbaceous stems, ete.

Name—orucrée, pricked ; like punctures in the wood.

ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIBS.

A. Sporidia elliptic .. ats a .. species 1-3
B. Sporidia clavate .. oie sa 9 » &
o. Sporidia fusiform .. ar a oe » 95-8
p. Sporidia doubtful .. = te ls agin oD
Key To THE SPECIES.
Hymenium urceolate .. as oe ue « I
Hymenium somewhat superficial .. ase .. -B
Hymenium black: on grass .. ar on ++ graminum.
1 Hymenium greyish-black: on Cladunit .. .» lichenicola,
*)Hymenium reddish-brown .. ei ao +» punetiformis.
Hymenium pallid or yellowish ar on wa 2
Sporidia simple, fusiform .. a ae +» Fagicola.
*\Sporidia 3 to 5-septate ve -» pallida,
4

* \Hymenium blackish ; on wood ae ive ++ microstoma.
Sporidia clavate 2% ave ar .. pteridina.
Sporidia fusiform; cups arranged in linear series seriuta.
Sporidia fusiform; cups scattered, resembling an

2{
3 jeinecion some shade of brown .. ae
4,

Hysterium .. ad an ae a .. hysterioides.

A. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC,
1. Stictis lichenicola. Mont.

Erumpent, between fleshy and waxy, cupuliform;
hymenium grey-black, nearly plane; margin obtuse,
blackish, cinereous, cracking in a stellate manner; asci
cylindrical; sporidia elliptic or obovate, with many
guttze, then septate or fenestrate.

Stictis lichenicola—Mont., “Ann. Se. Nat.,” 1836,
p. 281, t. 13, f 3; Berk., “Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 166;
Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2224; Phil. and Plow., “Gre-
villea,” iv. p. 128.

On Cladonia pyxidata.

Mr. Berkeley expressed his doubt whether this was a

STICTIS. 383

true fungus many years ago, since which time little or
no light has been thrown upon its affinity.

Name— Lichen, a lichen, colo, to inhabit.

Wareham (Rev. M. J. Berkeley), Isle of Skye (Mr.
C. Babington). Ireland!

2. Stictis pallida. Pers.

Scattered or gregarious, sometimes two or more
coalescent, immersed, elliptic or circular; hymenium
yellowish; mouth at first connivent, then open; asci
clavate; sporidia 8, elliptic or subclavate, hyaline, 3 to
5 pseudo-septate, 14d—17 x 5—6u; paraphyses filiform,
slender, adherent. (Plate XII. fig. 75.)

Stictis pallida—Pers., “Obs.,” ii. p. 74, t. 6, f. 7;
“Myco. Eur.,” i. p. 338; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 196;
“Summa Veg. Scan.,” p. 373; “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 213;
Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 243; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No.
2221; Pat. p. 212, f. 490. Cryptodiscus pallidus—
Corda., “Icon. Fung.,” ii. p. 37, t. 15, f. 129.

Exs.—Fries, “Sel. Suec.,” No. 275; Karst. “Fung.
Fenn.,” 262.

On decorticated wood.

In an authentic specimen in Fries’s “Scl. Suec.,” No.
275, the receptacles are mostly elliptic, $ to } a line long;
the wood immediately surrounding them is whitish.

Name—Pallidus, pale.

Appin (Carmichael).

3. Stictis microstoma. Carm.

Very minute, punctiform, prominent, blackish, opening
with a minute round or subelliptie orifice; asci cylin-
draceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic, 3-septate, hya-
line, granular within, 13—15 x 3u; paraphyses filiform,
branched.

Stictis microstoma—Carm., “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 213;
Berk., “ Outl.,” p. 375 ; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No, 2222.

On wood,

Scattered, at first nearly white, with a minute orifice,
round which it gradually assumes a darker hue, and at

884 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

length, under a high magnifier, appears, when moist, of
a subolivaceous black, resembling a minute Spheria
(M. J. Berkeley). Mouth 200 to 400u broad; the disc
when moistened is pale yellowish brown.

Name—pupéde, small, oréua, the mouth; from the
small mouth.

Appin (Capt. Carmichael).

B. SPORIDIA CLAVATE.
4. Stictis pteridina. Phil. and Buck.

Scattered, slightly immersed, circular or elongated,
irregular, open; hymenium pallid-brown, not deeply
depressed ; margin membranaceous ; asci broadly clavate ;
sporidia 8, biseriate, clavate or clavate-fusiform, 6 to
7 times pseudo-septate or muriform, 28—44 x 5—9u;
paraphyses filiform, adherent.

Stictis pteridina—Phil. and Buck. in Bucknall’s
“Fung. Bristol,” pt. vi. p. 5, t. 1, f 6.

On stems of Pteris aquilina.

Name—FPteris, the genus of ferns on one of which it
grows.

Near Bristol ! (Mr. Cedric Bucknall).

Cc. SPORIDIA FUSIFORM.

5. Stictis hysterioides, Desm.

Immersed, closed, hysteriform, then erumpent, pro-
minent, open, ovate-oblong or suborbicular; border
brown-black, subgranulate; hymenium waxy, tawny or
rufus ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong, obtuse
or fusiform, with 4 gutte, 16 x 3—4u; paraphyses
filiform.

Stictis hysterioides—Desm., “ Ann. Se. Nat.,” 1843,
p. 365; B. and Br., “ Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 314; Cooke,
“ Handbk.,” No. 2225. Propolis hysteriowdes—Fckl.,
“Symb. Myco.,” p. 255.

Exs.—Berk., No. 308; Moug. and Nest., No, 1242;
Roumg., “ Stirpes,” 337.

On dead leaves of Carices.

STICTIS. 385

_ Name— Hysterium, a genus of fungi, e?doc, likeness ;
like a Hysterium.

Thame (Dr. Ayres). Rudloe, Wiltshire (Mr. C. E,
Broome).

6. Stictis seriata. Lib.

Innate, punctiform, orbicular, plane or but slightly
concave, disposed in approximate series, rubro-fuscous ;
asci linear-fusiform or subclavate; sporidia minute,
oblong or fusiform (?); paraphyses filiform, slender, ad-
herent.

Stictis seriata—Lib., “Crypt. Ard.,” fase. iii. No. 233;
Phil. and Plow., “Grevillea,” iv. p. 283. Mevia seriata
—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 249.

Exs.—Lib., l. ¢.; Fekl., “F. Rh.,” 1841; Phil. “ Elv.
Brit.,” No. 100; Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” 1710 and 1909.

On Carex ampullacea.

Receptacles about 150 to 200u, covering the leaves
on the under side. This species is easily recognized,
but after repeated searches I am not able to detect the
sporidia. Fuckel says, “ sporidia 6 to 8, globosa, minuta,
hyalina includentibus.” The asci are about 250 x 6.
I am not sure that it should remain amongst the Stictes ;
it is very near Phacidiwm.

Name—Series, a row ; from growing in a row.

Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith).

7. Stictis Fagicola (nov. sp.).

Gregarious or scattered, immersed, urceolate, yellow ;
mouth connivent, nearly round or somewhat elliptic,
surrounded by a spurious border of the same colour;
asci cylindrical, slender; sporidia 8, fusiform, straight,
simple, 8 x 2u; paraphyses filiform, globose at the apices.

On beech—fallen, dead, decorticated branches.

About + to 4 a line broad. Exactly resembling ex-
ternally the next species, but having different asci,
sporidia, and paraphyses.

Name—Fagus, the beech, colo, to inhabit.

Ellesmere, Salop !

2c

386 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

8. Stictis punctiformis. Pers.

Gregarious, minute, immersed, urceolate, suborbicular ;
hymenium reddish-brown or fuliginous; mouth con-
nivent, surrounded by a border of the same colour; asci
cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, fusiform, simple; para-
physes filiform, globose at the apices. at ck

Stictis punctiformis—Pers. in Gay’s collection in
Kew Herbarium, named by Persoon himself, with which
the English specimen has been compared.

On dead willow-wood. ,

Cups 100 to 500u broad. Very similar to S. Fagicola,
but the sporidia are simple, and the paraphyses are
globose at the apices.

Name—Punctum, a point, forma, shape.

King’s Lynn! (Mr. C. B. Plowright).

D. SPORIDIA DOUBTFUL.
9. Stictis graminum. Desm.

Orbicular, scattered, small, deeply excavated; disc
black; margin prominent, clad with a white meal, nearly
entire ; asci elongated; sporidia (very minute, globose).

Stictis gramimum—Desm., “Crypt. Fr.,” exs. No.
1071; “Ann. Se. Nat.” (1840), xiii 185; B. and Br.,
“Ann. Nat. Hist.,” 1828; Fekl., “Sys. Myco.,” p. 250;
“ Grevillea,” i. p. 132; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 179; Pat.,
p. 30, f. 69 (?).

Exs.—Desm., “Crypt. Fr.” 1071; Fekl, “F. Bh.,”
1106.

On Carex paniculata. June.

Desmazieres describes the sporidia as “ very minute,
globose ;” Fuckel as “filiform, as long as the ascus.”
Not having seen the British plant, we cannot determine
the form of sporidia (Cooke, J. ¢.).

Rejected Species,

Stictis parallela, Fries, is a Xylographa (vide
Leighton’s “ Lichen Flora of Great Britain ”).
Stictis longa, Fries, is a Xylographa.

PHACIDIUM. . 887

Order VIIT.—PHACIDIACEZ.

Receptacle immersed, more or less coriaceous ; hyme-
nium at first covered, at length exposed by the "regular
or irregular fissure of the outer covering. (Plate XII.
figs. 76-78.)

Name—From the typical genus Phacidium.

ARRANGEMENT OF THE GENERA.
I. Phacidium. Fries. III. Stegia. Fries.
II. Trochila, Fries.
Key to THE GENERA,

Hymenium becoming exposed by the epidermis of
the matrix splitting from the centre into lacinisa Phacidium.
Hymenium becoming exposed by splitting at the

summit irregularly .. . Trochila.
Hymenium becoming exposed by the falling off of
a horizontal operculum ts oe . .. Stegia.

Genus I—PuwHacipium. Fries.

Perithecium orbicular, flattened, subdimidiate, de-
hiscing from the centre into lacinix, distinct from the
placentiform disc. (Plate XII. fig. 76.)

The perithecium is covered by the epidermis of the
matrix; the hymenium is mostly dark-coloured, lining
the base of the perithecium. -

On leaves and bark.

Name—gaxée, a lentil, edoc, resemblance ; shaped
like a lentil.

ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES.
A. Sporidia elliptic or Guar dais

(a) Brown A +. - species 1

(b) Hyaline 5 é o » 2-6
B, Sporidia fusiform or ‘subfusiform “s » 7-10
c. Sporidia filiform or subfiliform .. £5 » 11-16

Key To THe Sprcies.

On trees and shrubs .. . ne a fs
On herbaceous plants. . oe o ve oe
On the stems .. oe ee oe an a
{On the leaves .. o a os . o.

9 DO et

388 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Hymenium brownish or cinereous: on Rubus .. striatum.
2.(Hymenium pale fuliginous: on Pinus 2 .. Pint.
Hymenium straw-coloured: on Vaccinium.. .» leptideum.
(Hymeninm diriy-yellow: on Quercus ota .. dentatum.
Hymenium pallid, livid, or yellowish: on Quercus coronatum.
Hymenium whitish: on Rubus me se -» Rubi.
Hymenium whitish: on Ilex os . -. ILlicis.
3.4Hymenium whitish: on Quercus .. oe »» minutissimum.
Hymenium sooty-black: on Vaccinium .. - Vaccinii.
Hymenium pale brown: on Arctostaphylos. . -. Aretostaphyli.
Hymenium cinereous: on Pinus .. . -. abtetinum.
(Hymenium black: on Juniperus .. 6 .. tetrasporwm.
4 On the stems .. ae ot oi o. . 5
{On the leaves .. a si ste oie - 6
5 (eee fuliginous: on Campanula .. -» radians.
Hymenium red-brown: on Clinopodium .. .. simulatum.
6 Hymenium brownish or cinereous: on Caltha .. Calthe.
: (ee media dingy-brown: on various plants «. vrepandun,

A. SPORIDIA ELLIPTIC OR SUBELLIPTIC,
(a) Brown.

1. Phacidium tetrasporum. Phil. and Keith.

Epiphyllous, erumpent, circular or oblong, convex,
cinereous, seated on a brownish-yellow spot, splitting
irregularly into 3 or 4 lacinie; hymenium black
on the surface, brownish-yellow within; asci broadly
clavate ; sporidia 4, elliptic-ovate, with a septum near
the lower end, often with a papilla, brown, 25—28 x 17p;
paraphyses numerous, filiform, with brown, pear-shaped
heads, septate.

Phacidium tetrasporwm—Phil. and Keith. in Gard.
Chron., 1880, Sept. 4, t. 56 ; “Scott. Nat.,” vi. 164.

On the upper side of juniper-leaves while yet green,
simulating a Puccined.

About } a line broad.

Name rerpac, four, ordpoc, seed ; four-seeded.

Forres, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith).

(6) Hyaline.
2. Phacidiwm radians. Rob.

Erumpent, black; receptacles minute, rounded or
oblong, globose, then flattened, solitary and scattered, or

PHACIDIUM. 889

confluent in radiating lines; hymenium fuliginous; asci
clavate; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic or obovate, straight
or slightly curved, 7-10 x 3u; paraphyses filiform, slender.

Phacidium radians—Rob. in Desm., “Crypt. Fr.” ;
Desm., “ Ann. Se, Nat.,” 1842, p. 116; Karst., “Symb.,”
p. 257; Cooke, “Grevillea,” ii, p. 165; Kickx., “ Flo.
Flan.,” i, p. 459; Gill, “Champ.” p. 168. Trochila
radians—De Not., “ Dise.,” p.16. Leptotrochila radians
—Karst., “ Myco. Fenn.,” p. 245.

Exs.—Desm., “ Crypt. Fr.,” ed. 1.1350, and ed. ii. 750 ;
Karst., “Fung. Fenn.,” 845.

On living leaves of Campanula patula.

Name—Radius, a sunbeam; from growing in radiating
lines.

Near Worcester (Mr. Edwin Lees).

3. Phacidiwm minutissimum. Awd.

Hypophyllous, gregarious, minute, innate, round or
angular, brown, soon splitting from the centre into 3 to
4 laciniz, exposing the whitish hymenium; asci minute,
clavate; sporidia 8, elliptic, 7 x 4u; paraphyses filiform,
scarce.

Phacidium minutissimum—Awd. in Rabh., “ Fung.
Eur.,” 228; Fckl, “Symb. Myco.,” p. 263; Cooke,
“Handbk.,” No. 2267; Sace., “Mich.,” vol. ui. p. 5387; Fresen.,
“ Beitr.,” t. viii. f£ 17-19; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 167, ¢. i.

Exs.—Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” 228; Fekl., “ F. Rh.,” 1098.

About 100 to 150 broad.

On oak-leaves.

Name—Minutus, minute; very minute.

Shere ! (Dr. Capron).

4. Phacidiwm Vaccinii. Fries.

Erumpent, minute, convex, shining, rugose, splitting
into 4 lacinie; hymenium sooty black; asci broadly
clavate ; sporidia 8, oblong-elliptic, 10 x 4u; paraphyses
filiform, slender.

Spermogonia: spermatia simple, cylindrical, straight
obtuse, 10—13 x 2—2°5u.

390 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Phacidium Vaccinii—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 575;
Berk., “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 292; Cooke, “Handbk.,” 2264;
Fekl, “Symb. Myco.,” p. 261; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 170.
Xyloma erumpens—Fries, “ Obs.,” i. p. 202. -

Exs.—Fries, “Sel. Suec.,” 289; Fekl, “F. Rh.,” 1029.

On leaves of Vacciniwm Vitis Idea.

Name—Vaccinium, the generic name of the plant on
which it grows.

Near Berwick (Dr. Johnston). Stiperstones, Salop !

5. Phacidium simulatum. B. and Br.

Erumpent, linear, cup-shaped, margin irregular;
hymenium linear, red-brown; asci cylindraceo-clavate,
sporidia 8, obovate, 2-guttulate, 10 x 4:54; paraphyses
filiform, enlarged at the apices.

Phacidiwm simulatwm—B. and Br., in “Ann. Nat.
Hist.,” No. 967, t. 16, f 20; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2273.

On dead stems of Clinopodiwm.

Name—Simulo, to counterfeit ; resembling another.

Langridge, Somerset ! (Mr. C. E. Broome).

6. Phagidiwm Ilicis. Lib.

Subinnate, convex, black, dehiscing into 8 to 5 laciniz,
hymenium whitish; asci clavate; sporidia 8, narrowly
elliptic, 2-guttulate, 10 x 3:54; paraphyses filiform, stout.

Stylospores : stroma containing 8 to 5 cells, orbicular,
plane, black, shining, penetrating the matrix, splitting
into 3 to 5 laciniz; stylospores cylindrical, straight,
13 x 2u.

Phacidiwm Iicis—Lib., Exs. No. 64; Fresen., “Beitr.,”
t. 8, f. 17-21; Tul. “Select. Fung. Carp.,” iii. p. 138, t. 15,
f. 1-8; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” 2272; Gill., « Champ.,” p. 166.
Phacidium multivalve—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 576;
Spheria bifrons—Sow., t. 316.

Stylosporous stage: Ceuthospora phacidioides—Grev.,
t. 253; Berk., “ Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 283. Cytispora foliicola
—Lib., exs. No. 64.

Exs.—Moug. and Nest., 560; Desm., No. 1626 ; Cooke,
“Fung. Brit.,” ed. ii. 450.

PHACIDIUM. 391

‘ On dead holly-leaves.
Name—lIlex, holly ; growing on holly.
Common!

B. SPORIDIA FUSIFORM OR SUBFUSIFORM.

7. Phacidium Calthe. Phil.

Hypophyllous, congregated or confluent on biown
spots, innate, then erumpent; hymenium plane or convex,
brownish or cinereous ; asci broadly clavate; sporidia 8,
oblong-fusiform or subclavate,' 2-guttulate, 15—20 x 5
—7u; paraphyses filiform, occasionally forked at the
apices.

Phacidiuwm Calthe—Phil. in “ Grevillea,” viii. p. 103.

On decaying leaves of Caltha palustris. Autumn.

About 4 to ? of a line broad. The epidermis of the
leaf forms an indistinct margin, or altogether disappears,
leaving the disc exposed.

Name—Caltha, the generic name of the plant on
which it grows.

Scotland ! (Rev. J. Stevenson). Ruyton-of-the-Eleven-
Towns, Salop! ;

8. Phacidium Arctostaphyli. Karst.

_ _Subgregarious, innate, then erumpent, splitting the
epidermis into about five equal, acute, spreading laciniz ;
hymenium convex, pale brown, when dry black; asci
clavate; sporidia 8, elongate-fusiform or oblong-fusiform,
straight or curved, with two large gutte, 18—22 x 4—5u;
paraphyses filiform, coherent, becoming brown at the
apices.

Phacidium Arctostaphyli—Karst., “Symb.,” p. 256.
Propolis phacidioides—Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan.,”
p. 372. Stictis phacidioides—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii.
p. 198; Berk., “ Ann. Nat. Hist.,” 162 ; Cooke, “ Handbk.,”
2231. Spheria arbuti—Sow., t. 370, f. 6. Trochila
phacidioides—Karst., “ Myco. Fenn.,” p. 249.

Exs,—Fries, “ Scl. Suece.,” 297; Karst., “ Fung. Fenn.,”

843. :

On leaves of Arctostaphylos Uva-Ursa.

392 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

Name—From the plant on which it grows.
Luberoy, Sutherlandshire (Mr. C. Babington).

9. Phacidium abietinwm. Schmidt.

Erumpent, subrotund, convex, then depressed, black,
splitting into 3 to 4 obtuse laciniz ; hymenium cinereous ;
asci cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia 8, oblong-fusiform,
10—14 x 45u; paraphyses filiform, slender. ;

Phacidium abietinum—Schmidt in “ Myco. Heft.,” i.
p. 35; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 576; Fekl., “Symb.
Myco.,” p. 262; Cooke, “Handbk.,” No, 2268; Gill,
“Champ.,” p. 165.

Exs.—Roumg,., “ Fung. Gal,” 659.

On fallen leaves of Scotch pine.

Orbicular, 4 a line broad.

Name—Abves, the generic name of the tree on which
it was first found.

Scotland (A. Jerdon). Carlisle (Dr. Carlyle).

10. Phacidiwm striatum. Phil. and Plow.

Scattered, orbicular, rugose-striate, splitting into 5 to
6 laciniz ; hymenium fuliginous; asci clavate, attenuated
towards the summit; sporidia 8, lanceolate, simple or
l1-septate, 25—30 x 2—4u; paraphyses filiform, curved

at the apices, numerous. (Plate XII. fig. 76.) ¥
Phacidium striatum—Phil. and Plow. in “ Grevillea,”
xiii. p. 75.

On dead stems of Rubus.

About 4 a line broad; resembling externally P.
rugosum, Fries, but with totally different sporidia.

Name—Stria, a furrow ; marked with lines.

Dinmore, Herefordshire ! (Mr. C. B. Plowright).

C. SPORIDIA FILIFORM OR SUBFILIFORM.
11. Phacidiwm Pim. (A. and 8.)

Scattered or crowded, erumpent, subrotund, hemi-
spherical, depressed, at first closed, shining, black, at
length splitting into obtuse lacinie; hymenium pale
fuliginous ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8, filiform,

PHACIDIUM. 393

acute at the ends, 5 to 9 pseudo-septate, 80 x 4; para-
physes filiform, simple, clavate at the apices, adherent.

Spermogonia intermixed with the above, punctiform,
black, acutely umbonate; cavity simple, sinuose, narrow ;
spermatia filiform, slightly bent, about 10 x Iu.

Xyloma Pini—A. and S., “ Consp.,” p. 60, t. 5, f 8.
Phacidium Pini—Fries, “Sys. Myeo.,” ii. p. 573; “Eng.
Flo.,” v. p. 292 ; Curr., “Linn, Trans.,’ xxiv. t. 25, f: 36 ;
Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2262; Tul. “Select. Fung. Carp.,”
lll, p. 1386; Fekl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 263, t. iv. f. 31.
Phacidium valvatwm—Schmidt, “Myco. Heft.” i. p. 30,
t. 2, f. 11. Coccomyces Pini—Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,”

. 254, i
Exs.—Fries, “Scl. Suec.,” 62; Fekl, 1095; Roumg.,
Fung. Gal.,” 1268.

On bark of Pinus sylvestris.

Name—Pinus, the generic name of the tree on which
it grows.

Common !

12. Phacidium dentatum. Schmidt.

Orbicular or subquadrate, plane, depressed in the
centre, shining, black, seated on pallid spots, at length
splitting into 4 or 5 acute lacinie; hymenium dirty-
yellow, somewhat livid; asci cylindraceo-clavate ;
sporidia 8, filiform, 80 x 2°54; paraphyses filiform.

Phacidium dentatum—Schmidt, “Myco. Heft,” i.
147; Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” p. 577; Berk., “Eng. Flo.,” v.
p. 292; Fekl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 261; Corda, “Icon.,”
ii. f. 81; Tul., “Select. Fung. Carp.,” iii; p. 182; Cooke,
“Handbk.,” No. 2266; Gill., “Champ.,” p. 166, ¢. i.

Exs.—Moug. and Nest., No. 561; Schmidt, No. 206 ;
Fekl., “F. Rh.” No. 1090; Ayres, No. 71; Berk., No. 93;
Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,” 458, ed. ii. 449; Roumg,, “ Fung.
Gal.,” 68; Rav., “Fung. Am.,” 318.

On fallen oak-leaves.

About } of a line broad.

Name—Dens, a tooth ; toothed.

Common |

394 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

18. Phacidiwm Rubi. Fries.

Innate, roundish, hemispherical or plane, rugulose,
black ; splitting into obtuse, unequal lacinie; disc
whitish ; paraphyses curved at the tips; sporidia linear,
rounded at the ends with 6 to 8 nuclei.

Phacidium Rubi—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 578;
B. and Br., “ Ann. Nat, Hist.,” No. 586 ; Cooke, “ Handbk.,”
No. 2274.

Exs.—Fries, “Scl. Suec.,” No. 56; Rabh., “Fung.
Eur.,” No. 1028.

On dead bramble-stems. Fries says “on leaves of
Rubus Ideus.” Gregarious,. generally confluent, form
and size variable, 1 to 2 lines broad, when fresh shining,
when dry opaque.

“The asci, paraphyses, and sporidia are just the same
as in P. coronatum” (B. and Br., L. c.).

Twycross, Warwickshire (Rev. A. Bloxam),.

14, Phacidiwm coronatum. Fries.

Gregarious, often confluent, innate-emergent, orbicular,
hemispherical-depressed, at first closed, when moist
tumid, convex, smooth, shining, black, when dry collapsed.
rugose, often umbonate, at length splitting into 5 to
10 acute, nearly equal laciniz; hymenium pallid, livid,
or yellowish; asci cylindraceo-clavate, attenuated at
the summit; sporidia 8, fusoideo-filiform, straight or
curved, pseudo-multiseptate, 45—70 x 2—3u; paraphyses
numerous, filiform, simple, adherent, flexuous or circinate
at the apices.

Spermogonia intermixed with the above, punctiform,
globose-depressed, unilocular, filled with spermatia,
which are elongated, straight, colourless, about 65y long.

Phacidiwm coronatum—Fries, “Obs.,” i. p. 167; in
“Vet. Ac. Handl.,” 1819, p. 108; “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 577;
“Summa Veg. Scan.” p. 370; Berk. “Eng. Flo.,” v.
p. 292; Ditm. in Sturm., “Flo.,” pt. iii, (1817), p. 127,
t. Ixill.; Grev., t. 52; Berk., “ Mag. Zool. and Bot.,” vol. i.
No. 58, t. 15, f. 5; Corda, “Icon.,” iii. p. 31, t. 5, f 81;

PHACIDIUM. 395

Curr., “ Trans. Linn. Soc.,” vol. xxiv. (1863), p. 155, t. xxv.
f. 7; Tul, “Select. Fung. Carp.,” iii. p. 134; Cooke,
“Handbk.,” No. 2265; Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 256;
Fekl, “Symb. Myco.,” p. 261. Peziza viridis—Bolt., 109.

Exs.—Fries, 163 ; Schm., 82; Moug. and Nest., 559 ;
Desm., “ Crypt. Gal.,” fase. 12, No. 570; Rabh., “ Herb.
Myco.,” 716; Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” 652; Cooke, “ Fung.
Brit.” 457 ; Fekl., “F. Bh.,” 1096 ; Karst., “ Fung. Fenn.,”
340; Phil, “Elv. Brit.” 201; Winter, “Fungi Eur.,”
2645.

On fallen leaves of oak, poplar, willow, ete.

About 4 to 1 line broad.

Name—Corona, a crown; crowned with a ring of
lacinize.

Common!

15. Phacidiwm leptidewm. Fries.

Somewhat innate, depressed, plane, black, splitting
into several acute laciniz; hymenium straw-coloured ;
sporidia 8, filiform, curved, hyaline, 86 x 3—4u.

Phacidium leptidewm—Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p.
576 ; and “Summa Veg. Scan.,” p. 370; B.and Br., “ Ann.
Nat. Hist.,” No. 1830; “Grevillea,” viii. p.9. Phacidium
quadratum—Schmidt., “Myco. Heft,” p. 32; Wallr.,
“Flo. Germ.,” ii. p. 415. Coccomyces quadratus—Karst.,
“Myco. Fenn.,” p. 255.

Exs.—Karst., “ Fung. Fenn.,” 848; Roumg., “ Fung.
Gal.” 548.

On stems of Vaccinium myrtillus.

Cups 4 to 1 line broad; asci cylindraceo-clavate,
attenuated at the apices, 50 x 164; sporidia 60—90 x 2:5u
(Karst., Lc.) .

Name—nverrog, fine, 280c¢, appearance ; a fine species.

Scotland.

16. Phacidium repandum. Fries.

Gregarious, innate, subrotund, pallid-green, at length
black, splitting into unequal, obtuse lacinie; hyme-
nium dingy-brown ; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia 8,

396 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

acicular, straight or very slightly bent, 11—12 x 3u;
paraphyses filiform. .
Phacidium repandum—Fries in “ Vet. Ac. Handl,,
1819, p. 108; “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 578; “ Eng. Flo.,” v. p.
293; Berk., “ Outl.,” 379; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2269;
Gill, “Champ.,” p. 169. Xyloma herbarum—aA. and 8,
“Consp.,” p. 65, t. 14, £6. Leptotrochila repandum—
Karst., “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 246.
Exs—Desm., “Crypt. Fr,” ed, ii. 1640; Cooke,
“Fung. Brit.” 283; Rehm, “ Asco.,” 321; Roumg.,
“Fung. Gal.,” 835..
On stems and leaves of various plants.
Name—Repandus, bowed ; the lacinize bent back.
Common !

Rejected Species.

Phacidiwm carbonacewm, Fries, is Discella car-
bonacea (Fries)—B..and Br., vide “ Ann, Nat. Hist.,” No,
426, t. xi. f. 8.

Genus II.—Trocutia. Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan.,”
p. 367.

Receptacle innate, at first closed, covered by the
epidermis, membranaceous, subcoriaceous, erumpent, then
splitting at the top irregularly. (Plate XII. fig. 77.)

Name—poxidoc, a hollow running round the base
of a column; raised in the centre, surrounded by a
depression.

1. Trochila crateriwm. Fries.

Hypophyllous, scattered, blackish, at length deeply
collapsed ; asci cylindrical; sporidia very shortly oval,
almost round, sometimes with a large gutta, 7°5u long.

Pycnidia: Stylospores minute, subglobose. (Plate
XII. fig. 77.)

Lrochila crateriwm—Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan.,” p.
367; Berk., “Outl.,” 381; Fekl, “Symb. Myco.,” p. 277 ;

TROCHILA. 397

Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2316 ; Tul., “Select, Fung. Carp.,”
ii. p. 180. Spheria crateriwm— Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 277.
Cryptospheria punctiformis, var. 3. Hedere—Grev.,
“ Flo, Edin.,” p. 362; Pers., “Syn. Fung.,” p. 90.

Pyecnidia: Myzxosporium paradoxum—De Not.,
“Micro. Ital.” Dec. ii. f. 10. B. and Br. “Ann. Nat.
Hist.,” No. 439. Gleosporiwm Notarisiti—Mont., “ Ann.
Se. Nat.,” 1849, xii. 296; Fekl, “Symb. Myco.,” p. 277 ;
Rehm, “ Asco.,” 719.

Exs—FcklL, “F. Bh.,” 1113 and 1649; Baxt., 29;
Ayres, 65; Moug. and Nest., 986; Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,”
527 and 1720; Cvuoke, “Fung. Brit.” 180, ed. ii, 294;
Roumg., “ Stirpes,” 169.

On dead ivy leaves.

Name—Cratera, a cup or goblet; from its supposed
resemblance to a cup.

Common !

2. Trochila Buar. Capron.

Hypophyllous, blackish, czespitose or scattered, split-
ting into minute unequal laciniz ; sporidia oval, elon-
gated, 10—12y (E. Capron).

Trochila Buai—Capron in Cooke’s “Handbk.,” No.
2315.

On box-leaves.

Sporidia larger than in T. cretervwm.

Name—Bu«us, the generic name of the box-tree, on
which it grows.

Shere (Dr. Capron).

3. Trochila Lawro-cerasi. (Desm.)

Hypophyllous, orbicular, punctiform, hollow when
collapsed, at length black, splitting into three acute
laciniz ; asci cylindrical or cylindraceo-clavate ; sporidia
8, oblong, rounded at the ends, 8—12 x 5p.

Phacidiwm Lawro-cerasi—Desm., “ Crypt. Fr.,” exs.,
188; Berk., “Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 293; Fries, “ Elench.,” ii.
p. 186; Gill. “Champ.,” p.166,¢.i. Trochila Lawro-cerasi
—Fries, “Summa Veg. Scan.” p. 867; Berk., “Outl,

398 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

381; Fekl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 277; Cooke, “Handbk.,”
No. 2314; Tul., “Select. Fung. Carp.” p. 181; Sacc.,
“ Mich.,” vi. p. 83.

Exs—Desm., “Crypt. Fr.” 188; Moug. and Nest.,
985; Ayres, No. 72; Berk., 45; Cooke, “ Fung. Brit.,”
179, ed. ii. 295; Fekl., “F. Rhb.,” 1112; Roumg,, “Fung.
Gal.” 67 and 266; Sacc, “Mich.” vi. p. 88; Winter,
“Fungi Eur.,” 2739 ; Rehm, “ Asco.,” 622.

On fallen laurel-leaves.

Dise yellowish when moist.

Name—The specific name of laurel (Cerasus Lawro-
cerasus) on which it grows.

Common }

Genus IIJ—Stecia. Fries.

Perithecia orbicular, splitting horizontally; operculum
deciduous (Berk.). (Plate XII. fig. 78.)

Name—oréyw, to cover; the hymenium being covered
by the perithecium.

Stegia ilicis. Fries.

Innate, operculum nearly plane, falling off, surrounded
by a ring-like, whitish margin; asci linear; sporidia
oblong, 12 x 44. (Plate XII. fig. 78.)

Stegia ilicis—Fries, “Elench.,” ii. p. 112; Cooke
“ Handbk.,” No. 2313; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 172. Hustegia
wicis—‘ Eng. Flo.,” v. p. 280; Fekl, “Symb. Myco.,
p. 264. Spher. concava—Sow., t.317. Xyloma concava
—Grev., “ Flo. Edin.,” p. 368.

Exs.—Fries, “Scl. Suec.,” No. 417; Moug. and Nest.,
No. 82; Baxt., No. 77; Fekl, “F. Rh.,” 1589; Cooke,
“Fung. Brit.” No. 178, ed. ii, No. 298; Klotzsch, 431;
Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” No. 463.

On holly-leaves.

Name—lIlex, the generic name of the tree on which
it grows.

Common !

ASCOMYCES. 899

Order IX—GYMNOASCEZ. Sadebeck.*

Without a receptacle, or an indication of one only in
the more highly developed genera; asci either single or
in little tufts, arising from widely creeping hyphe; or
more or less closely crowded together into hymenia;
or, lastly, arising from the terminal branches of copiously
ramifying hyphz in pellets, which are covered with a
lax mycelial veil.

Name—yvupvoc, naked, aoxéde, aleather bottle; here
meaning an ascus.

Genus I—<Ascomyces. Mont. et Desm., “Ann. Se. Nat.,”
ser. 3, vol. xi. p. 345 (1849).

Parasitic on living plants; asci not seated on a proper
receptacle, but on the cuticle of the host-plant, closely
pressed together in little tufts or extended layers, arising
from the mycelium, which ramifies between the epi-
dermal cells and the cuticle. Their effect is to cause the
injured parts to change colour, to swell into blisters, and
become much enlarged. The asci are very small,
cylindrical, clavate, or subpyriform, and contain 8 (or
more ?) sporidia. (Plate XII. fig. 79.)

Name—aoxée, ascus, pine, a fungus; fungi consisting
of asci only.

ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES.

a. Perennial mycelium spreading through the
intercellular spaces of the young
shoots in spring.
(a) Asci furnished with a stem-cell .. species 1-3
(b) Asci not furnished with a stem-cell » &

* Professor Sadebeck has contributed a revision of this order to Dr.
Winter's new eilition of Rabenhorst’s “ Cryptogamin-Flora von Deutsch-
land,” the arrangement of which is followed here as regards the genus
Ascomyces. ‘The order is not included in the Discomycetes in the work

quoted.

400 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

B. The mycelium spreading only between the
epidermal cells and the cuticle of the
young shoots. :
(a) Asci furnished with a stem-cell .. species 5-7
0. Species the position of which is at present
uncertain .. ei em re » 89

Key To THE SPECIES.
On trees ds a ao oC fe Sree

On herbaceous plants. . we ae oe o 2 bts,
On leaves of Alnus glutinosus: sporidia 8 .. .. Tosquinetit.
On female catkins of Alnus glutinosus: sporidia

more than 8 .. a oe a ie -- Alni,
On leaves of Juglans regia .. 33 ae .. JSuglandia.
On branches and leaves of Betula alba... .. turgidus.
On leaves of Pyrus communis, Cratzgus Oxycantha,

1 4

and C. monogynea .. oc a ee .. bullatus.
On young fruit of Prunus domestica, P. Padus, and ;

P. spinosa .. 3 a at a .. Pruni.
On leaves and branches of Prunus avium, P.

Cerasus, P. domestica, P. Chamecerasus, and
| Persica vulgaris, P. amygdalus, and P. communis deformans.

g, {On Potentilla Tormentilla .. oe te .. Potentillz.
* (On Trientalis Europea oe oe oe -» Trientaltis.

A. PERENNIAL MYCELIUM SPREADING THROUGH THE IN-
TERCELLULAR SPACES OF THE YOUNG SHOOTS OF THE
INFECTED PLANT IN SPRING.

(a) Asct furnished with a stem-cell.

1. Ascomyces Prunt. (Tul.)

On unripe fruit of Prunus domestica, spinosa, and
Padus, deforming them ; asci oblong-clavate, rounded or
truncate at the summit; sporidia 8, broadly elliptic,
about 6 x 4u.

Laphrina Prunmi—Tul. in “Ann. Se. Nat.,” ser. 5,
vol. v. p. 129; Johanson, “Vet. Ac. Handl.,” arg. 42,
p. 82. Hxoascus Pruni—Fckl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 252;
Sadebeck in Rabh., “ Krypt. Flo.,” p. 5, fig. 3. Ascomyces
Prum—B. and Br., “ Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 1629; “Gre-
villea,” v. p. 62.

Exs.—FcklL, “F. Rh.,” 1081; Kunze, “Fung. Sel.,”
167; Rabh., “Fung. Eur.” 1167; Rehm, “ Asco.,” 130;
Thum., “ Fung. Aus.,” 504; Thum., “ Mycoth. Univ.,” 976.

ASCOMYCES. 401

On fruit of Prunus Padus, P. domestica, and P.
spinosa. June.

Name—From the host plant.

Bishop’s Castle, Salop! Sibbertoft (Rev. M. J.
Berkeley).

2. Ascomyces deformans. Berk.

Hypophyllous, rendering the matrix here and there
bullate, sprinkled with a white powder; asci short,
cylindrical; sporidia elliptic, hyaline, 7 x 5y.

Ascomyces deformans—Berk. in “Outl.,” 876, t. i.
£.9, a, B; and “Crypt. Bot.,” p. 284; Cooke, “ Handbk.,”
No. 2233.

Exoascus deformans—¥ckl., “Symb. Myco.,” p. 252;
Sadebeck in Rabh., “Crypt. Flo.,” p. 6. Yaphrina
deformans—tTul., “ Ann. Sc. Nat.,” ser. 5, vol. v. p. 129.
Exoascus Wiesneri—Rathey, “Oest. Bot. Zeit,” 1880,
No. 7.

Exs.—F kL, “F. Rh.,” 2063 and 2275; Kunze, “ Fung.
Sel.” 168, 274; Winter, “Fungi Eur.,” 2035; Rehm,
“ Asco.,” 370.

On living leaves of peach. June.

Sadebeck says (J. ¢.) that this species produces the
“witches’ besoms” on Prunus Aviwm, P. Cerasus, P.
domestica, and P. Chamecerasus; also the so-called
“curl” disease of Persica vulgaris, P. Amygdalus, and
P. communis. Asci 42 to 50u long, 5 to 7u broad; the
stem-cell 16 or more high, 5u, but mostly only 1:5 to 2u,
broad. Notwithstanding their pointed lower ends, the
stem-cells do not force themselves between the epidermal
cells, but are seated on them.

Name—Deformo, to deform.

3. Ascomyces bullatus. B. and Br.

Tufts punctiform, at length confluent, at first covered
by the epidermis, which it raises in blisters ; asci clavate ;
sporidia 8, ovate or elliptic, subgelatinous, hyaline.

Ascomyces bullatus—B. and Br. in Berk., “Outl.,”
p. 876; “Crypt. Bot,” p. 284; Cooke, “Handbk.,”

2D

402 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

No. 2232; Gill, *Champ.,” p. 201. Qidium bullatum
—B. and Br, “Jour. Hort. Soe,” ix. p. 51, with
fig. Taphrina bullata—Tul., “ Ann. Se. Nat.,” ser. 5,
vol. v. p. 127; Johanson, “Vet. Ac. Handl,” 42, p. 33.
Exoascus bullatus—Fck1, “Symb. Myco.,” nacht. ii. p. 49 ;
Sadebeck, l. e.

Exs.—F kl, “F. Bh.,” 2551; Thum., “Fung. Aus,”
972 and 1056.

On living pear-leaves. It also occurs on Crategus
Oxycanthus, and C. monogyna. April and May.

The asci.are 30—87 x 8u; the sporidia 4:bu (Sade-
beck, J. ¢.). Asci 15—25 x 10u (Cooke, l. c.).

Name—Bullata, a blister ; blistered.

Shrewsbury !

(b) Asct not furnished with a stem-cell.
4, Ascomyces Potentille. (Farlow.)

Decolorizing (to pale yellow-green) the branches and
leaves, rendering the branches several times thicker than
their natural size; asci clavate, rounded or truncate at
the summit, attenuated below into a slender, non-septate
stem, continuous with the mycelium, which spreads
through the intercellular spaces of the epidermis ; sporidia
8, oblong-elliptic, 5—8 X 4.

Exoascus deformans, var. Potentillee—Farlow, “ Proce.
Am. Ac. A. and &.,” xviii. (1883), p. 84. Zaphrina
Tormentillee—Rost., “ Bot. Tid.,” ser. 3, vol. iv. (1884-—
1885), p. 289; Johanson, “ Vet. Ac. Handl.,” 42 (1885),
p. 29, t. 1, f. 2.

On Potentilla Tormentilla, Scop.

The asci in the Scottish specimen are truncate or
rounded at the summit, and attenuated downwards more
or less equally to a slender stem-like base, arising
directly from the branching hyphe beneath the cuticle,
30 to 50u high, 7 to 94 in the broadest part, and 2u in
the narrowest part. The sporidia are confined to the
broad upper half of the ascus, elliptic, and (as I measure
them) 4—5 x 2—2-5u.

ASCOMYCES. 403

Craigiebuckler Wood, Aberdeen! (Dr. James W. H.
Trail).

B THE MYCELIUM SPREADING ONLY BETWEEN THE
EPIDERMAL CELLS AND THE CUTICLE.

(a) Asci furnished with a stem-cell.

5. Ascomyces Tosquinetii. West.

Producing blisters on the upper surface of the leaves ;
asci cylindrical or cylindraceo-clavate, round at the sum-
mit, truncate at the base; sporidia 8, spherical, 4—5yu
broad.

Ascomyces Tosquinetii— West in “ Bull. Acad. Belg.,”
ser. 2, vol. xi. p. 655; Phil. and Plow., “Grevillea,” vi. p.
25; Gill, “Champ.,” p. 201. aoascus Alni—De Bary
in Fekl, “Symb. Myco.,” p. 252. Taphrona alnitorqua
—Tul., “ Ann. Se. Nat.,” ser. 5, vol. 5, p. 1380. Exoascus
Tosquinetii—Sace., “ Mich.,” iv. p. 433.

Exs.—FeckL, “F. Rh.,” 2276; Rehm’s “ Asco.,” 217;
Phil, “Elv. Brit,” 150; Rabh., “Fung. Eur.,” 1837;
Thum., “ Fung. Aus.,” 183; and “ Mycoth. Univ.,” 81.

On living leaves of Alnus glutinosus. July and
August.

Name—After M. Tosquinet.

6. Ascomyces Alvi. B. and Br.

Deforming the inflorescence ; sporidia numerous in
each ascus.

Ascomyces: Alni—B, and Br., “ Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No.
1628; “Grevillea,” v. p. 62; not Hxoascus Alni—De
Bary. Exoascus alnitorqua, form Alni incane—Kiihn
in Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” No. 1616. Ascomyces Tosquinetw
(West)—Kunze, “Fung. Sel.,” 369. Haoascus Alm, De
Bary, form strobilina—Thum. in Rehm’s “ Asco.,” 518.

Exs.— Rabh., “ Fung. Eur.,” 1616; Kunze, “Fung. Sel.,”
369; Rehm, “ Asco.,” 518.

On female catkins of Alnus glutinosus.

Differs from other species in the asci containing more
numerous sporidia, which are only ‘0002 to ‘0003 inch

404 BRITISH DISCOMYCETES.

(5 to 7-6u) long, whereas in A. bullatus they are ‘0004
inch (10) (B. and Br., 0. ¢.).

Name—From the name of the host plant.

Dr. Masters.

7. Ascomyces turgidus. (Sadeb.)

Producing “nests,” or “witches’ besoms,” on birch,
developing the asci in spring and summer on the under
side of the leaves, on which the leaves at first curl up
sinuously, lose the fresh green colouring of the healthy
leaf, and on the breaking forth of the asci appear to be
covered on the under side with a greyish-white hoariness.
The asci are 46—50u long, and about 15u broad: they
have a stem-cell 16—17y high, and 15y broad; they,
however, diminish conically downwards and penetrate
between the epidermal cells, The sporidia are 3—4y in
diameter.

Exoascus turgidus—Sadeb. in Rab., “Crypt. Flo.,”
vol. vi p. 8.

On Betula alba, both on the large trees and small
ones, From the end of May to the middle of August.

The occurrence of “witches’ besoms ” are by no means
uncommon on birch in this country, and if they are pro-
duced by this fungus, as Professor Sadebeck asserts, the
species must be recorded here.

C. SPECIES THE POSITION OF WHICH IS AT PRESENT
UNCERTAIN.

8. Ascomyces Juglandis. Berk.

Hypophyllous, effused, snow-white on the nerves of
the leaves; sporidia ovoid, hyaline.

Ascomyces Juglandis—Berk., “ Outl,” p. 376; Cooke,
“ Handbk.,” No. 2235. Gymnosporium leucosporwm—
Mont., “ Syll,” p. 390.

On walnut-leaves, Juglandis regia.

Name— From the tree on which it grows.

ASCOMYCES. 405.

9. Ascomyces Trientalis. Berk.

Spots orbicular or irregular, arising from a reddish
stratum.

Ascomyces Trientalis—Berk. in Cooke’s “ Handbk.,”
No. 2234.

On Trientalis Europea.

Name—From the host plant.

I am informed on very competent authority that
nothing but Tubercinia trientalis is now to be found on
Mr. Berkeley’s original specimens, but this is no sufficient
reason for suppressing the species, seeing with what diffi-
culty specimens are preserved,

ADDENDA.

_—e.

[By a provoking oversight, the following species and notes have
been omitted.]

‘Mollisia (Niptera) Curreiana (nov. sp.).

Dise very dark -bluish-grey, almost black, margined,
round or irregular, not a line wide ; excipulum composed
of small, distinctly outlined cells; sporidia colourless,
narrowly turbinate, elliptic or curved, 8—10 x 2u.

Patellaria palustris—Currey in “ Linn. Trans.,” xxiv.
p. 155, t. 25; B. and Br., “Ann. Nat. Hist.” No. 1080;
Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2173.

On dead rushes in water.

Cups ? of a line broad; hymenium plane, margin
distinct ; asci cylindraceo-clavate, about 55u long by 5y
broad. In the original specimen the cups are seated on
a sooty-black space having the appearance of a tapesium.
They much resemble Mollisia palustris (Rob.) in size,
colour, and consistence. [It should stand next to UM.
epithallina, p. 173.]

Paul’s Cray ! (Mr. Frederick Currey),

Lachnea (Scutellinia) setosa. (Nees.)

Gregarious, sessile,. concave, orange-colour; clothed
externally with long, erect, brown hairs ; asci cylindrical ;
sporidia 8, narrowly elliptic, smooth, 20 x 10u; para-
physes filiform, subclavate at the apices.

Peziza setosa—Nees, “Sys.” p. 260, £ 275; Fries,

ADDENDA. 407

“Sys. Myco.,” ii. p.87; Weinm., p. 439 (?); Crouan, “ Flo.
Fin.,” p. 52; Cooke, “ Grevillea,” iii. fig. 220 ; “ Mycogr.,”
fig. 133. Humaria setosa—Fckl.,“Symb. Myco.,” p. 321.

Exs.—Phil.,, “Elv. Brit.,” No. 161.

On rotten trunks. Autumn.

Cups 24 lines broad ; marginal hairs 400 to 500y long,
attenuated upwards, septate, brown. [It should stand
next to L. scutellata, on page 222.]

Name—Seta, a bristle or hair.

Downton, Salop !

Lachnella flammea. (A. and 8.)

Sessile, at first closed, subglobose, then expanded,
cupulate, hemispherical, bright red; hymenium the same
colour; flesh firm, black; asci cylindraceo-clavate ;
sporidia 8, oblong, rounded at the ends, straight or
slightly bent, becoming pseudo-uniseptate, 10—15 x 3u:
paraphyses filiform.

Peziza flammea—a. and 8. in “ Consp.,” p. 319, t. 11,
f.7; D.C, “ Flo. Fr.” p. 24; Pers., “ Myco. Eur.,” p. 252;
Fries, “Sys. Myco.,” ii. p. 96; Karst., “Pez. et Ascob.,”
p. 19; “Mon. Pez.,” p. 186 ; “Myco. Fenn.,” p. 151; Nyl,
“Pez, Fenn.,” p. 28.

Exs.—Rabh., “Herb. Myco.,” ed. ii. No. 22; Karst.,
“Fung. Fenn,” No. 387; Phil, “Elv. Brit.” No. 72;
Rehm, “ Asco.,” No. 418.

On decorticated branches of Salix awrita.

Cups about 4 a line broad ; consistence dry and firm ;,
hairs red and granular. [Its place is next to L. papillaris,

. 257. .
Nba lianas a flame; from the colour.

Aviemore, N.B.! (Rev. Dr. Keith).

Calloria retrusa. (Phil. and Plow.)

Minute, scattered, at first concealed by the epidermis,
then erumpent, sessile, hemispherical or oblong, straw-
coloured, smooth; asci clavate; sporidia 8, biseriate,
oblong-elliptic, 17—19 x 5u; paraphyses not seen.

408 ADDENDA.

Peziza (Mollisia) retrusa—Phil. and Plow.. in
“ Grevillea,” iv. p. 122, t. 62, f. 6.

Exs.—Phil., “ Elv. Brit.,” No. 126.

On larch-leaves. May.

When dry this is found with difficulty, being con-
tracted and concealed under a kind of lid formed of the
ruptured epidermis, but when moist it is sufficiently con-
spicuous under a pocket-lens.

Name—Retrusus, hidden.

Trefriw, North Wales!

Position doubtful.

Peziza Browniana. Blox.

Cups hemispherical, sessile, horny; margin paler,
ciliate ; disc pallid; sporidia shortly fusiform, hyaline.

Peziza Browniana—Blox. in B. and Br.’s Notices,
“Ann. Nat. Hist.,” No. 1072; Cooke’s “ Handbk.,” No.
2102.

On dead stems of Epilobiwm hirsutum. Twycross.

Allied to P. lacustris. The sporidia are (00045 in.)
‘011 mm. long. The colour is paler ; and, when perfect, the
ciliated margin, which consists of delicate, flexuous, more
or less interwoven hairs, is characteristic (M. J. Berkeley).

The presence of delicate, flexuous hairs on the margin
appears to ally this to Lachnella, but it is said to be
allied to Peziza lacustris, Fries, which has no hairs,

Rejected species,

Peziza (Tapesia) Bloxami—B. and Br., “ Ann. Nat.
Hist.,” No. 566 ; Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No. 2071.

No asci can be found in this, nor in a specimen found
by me in North Wales.

Peziza (Dasyscypha) friabilis—Phil. and Plow. in
“ Grevillea,” iv. p. 121.

This turns out to be a very abnormal form of a
Schmitzomia, which quite misled me.
Pha hispidula, Schrad.—Cooke, “ Handbk.,” No.

ADDENDA. 409

So far as British specimens under this name that I
have seen are concerned, they prove to belong to the
genus Excipula, Fries.

Peziza Scirpi—Rabh., “Herb. Myco.,” No. 730;
Phil, “Elv, Brit.” No. 183; Cooke, “Fung. Brit.,”
No. 375.

[This should have been given as a synonym under
Belonidiwm lacustre (Fries), p. 149.]

GLOSSARY OF TERMS.

——— oe

Abbreviated, suddenly shortened.

Acerose, linear and sharp-pointed, like a needle.

Acicular, needle-shaped.

Acuminate, coming gradually to a point.

Adherent, sticking together.

Adnate, attached, adhering by growth.

Adpressed, pressed together.

ruginous, verdigris-green colour.

Agglutinate, glued together.

Aggregate, crowded together.

Alutaceous, tan-colour or buff.

Amethyst, bluish-violet colour.

Anastomosing, uniting in a network.

Annulate, ringed.

Apiculate, terminating in a sharp but short point.

Apothecium, the organ of fructification which bears the asci, or
hymenium, otherwise called the cup or the receptacle. i

Applanate, flattened out or horizontally expanded.

Areole, spaces distinctly marked out on a surface; small cells or
cavities.

Areolate, covered with areola.

Argillaceous, clay-colour, light brownish ash-colour.

Articulate, jointed.

Ascending, attaining a vertical position.

Asci, cells containing the sporidia; otherwise called thece.

Ascigerous, furnished with asci.

Ascus, singular of Asci.

Attenuated, tapered, gradually diminished in size.

Aurantiacus, pale orange-colour.

Bay, reddish-brown, inclining to chestnut-colour.

Bi- (from the Latin bis, twice), a prefix denoting twice or double; as
biseriate, in a double series.

Biguttulate, furnished with two guttulz or drops.

412 GLOSSARY OF TERMS.

Bistre, or Bister, blackish-brown.
Bullate, blistered, rising into convex prominences.
Byssoid, like fine flax or cotton wool ; of a finely filamentous structure.

Ceespitose, growing in tufts, crowded into turf-like patches.

Campanulate, bell-shaped.

Capitulum, a little head.

Carbonaceous, black like charcoal, hard and black as if charred.

Caulicole, growing on herbaceous stems.

Cellular-tissue, tissue composed of cells.

Cellulose, furnished with little cells; in its more restricted meaning it
indicates the substance of which the cell-wall is composed.

Celluloso-plicate, folded so as to form small cells,

Cilia, plural of cilium, an eyelash.

Ciliated, furnished with cilia, fringed with hairs.

Cinereous, or Cinereus, ash-colour, intermediate tint between black and
white.

Cinnabarine, scarlet tinged with yellow, vermilion.

Cinnamomeus, of a bright brown colour.

Cinnamon, a bright brown, the colour of cinnamon bark.

Circinate, rolled inwards from the summit towards the base like a
crozier.

Citron-colour, pure yellow, lemon-coloured.

Clavate, club-shaped.

Clove-brown, dark brown, the colour of cloves—the dried flower-buds
of Caryophyllus.

Cochleate, shaped like a snail-shell.

Collapsing, falling together, as of the sides of a hollow vessel.

Compressed, pressed or squeezed together.

Concatenate, linked together, united in a continuous series.

Concentrate, to bring to a common centre.

Concentric, having a common centre.

Concolorous, of one colour, similar in colour.

eae growing together, several parts united so as to form a solid

ody:

Confluent, merging into each other, flowing together.

Congregate, collected together in close proximity.

Conical, cone-shaped; in the form of a solid figure having a circular
base, and its top terminating in a point.

aes minute cells produced by abstriction at the ends of filamentous
cells,

Conidiiferous, bearing conidia.

Connate, growing together, growing from one base.

Connivent, arching over to meet.

Constricted, drawn together, bound, contracted.

Contiguous, one part touching another.

Continuous, one part passing into another without any break, some-
times indicating an elongated cell without any septum,

GLOSSARY OF TERMS, 413

Contorted, twisted together, twisted out of its ordinary form.

Convex, rounded on the outer surface.

Coriaceous, of a leathery consistence.

Corky, of a corky consistence.

Corrugated, wrinkled,

Cortex, rind or bark.

Costate, ribbed. 7

Crenate, notched, any edge cut into rounded divisions.

Crenulate, notched, indented on the edge.

Cribrose, resembling a sieve or riddle, pierced with numerous holes,
pitted.

Crisped, curled, uneven with waving lines.

Crowded, pressed together.

Cruciate, having the form of a cross.

Cruciform, same as Cruciate.

Cup, the receptacle of fructification in the Discomycetes ; by some called
the Apothecium.

Cupulate, cup-shaped, formed like a little cup, slightly concave.

Cupuliform. See Cupulate.

Cya hiform, cup-shaped, but more deeply concave than Cupulate
implies. :

Culiailencseclanats intermediate in shape between cylindrical and
clavate.

Cylindrical, long, circular, and of equal diameter throughout.

Cymbiform, boat-shaped.

Cyst, a cell or cavity.

Deciduous, falling off.

Decurrent, running down.

Deflexed, bending downwards, bending outwards and downwards; the
opposite of Infleaed.

Deformed, disfigured, distorted.

Dehiscing (dehisco, to gape), bursting open, splitting.

Dentate, toothed.

Denticulate, furnished with small teeth.

Depressed, pressed down or flattened; sometimes it means somewhat
sunk into a concave form.

Diaphanous, transparent, pellucid.

Difformed, irregular in form, not uniform.

Dilated, expanded and flattened out.

Diluted, washy, pale, faint-coloured. ;

Dimidiate. semi-orbicular.

Disc, or Disk, the upper surface of a cup-shaped or plate-shaped
receptacle bearing the fructification; generally synonymous with
Hymenium.

Disciform, shaped like a discus, or quoit. See Discoid.

Discoid, round and flat like a coin.

Disco7oured, ap] e wing to have lost its colour, stained.

414 GLOSSARY OF TERMS.

Distinct, yell marked, not to be confounded with another,
Down, fine soft pubescence on the surface of anything.

Echinulate, beset with short spines.

Efffused, spread out over the matrix, spread into a thin layer.

Eguttulate, without drops.

Ejected, thrown out, thrust out with force.

Ellipsoid. See Elliptic.

Elliptic, having the form of an ellipse, an oval rounded at the ends.

Elongated, lengthened out.

Endochrome, protoplasm of cells, cell-contents.

Entire, not divided into parts, continuous.

Epiphyllous, growing on a leaf.

Epiphytal, living upon other plants.

Epispore, the outer cell-wall of a spore.

Equal, of the same dimensions, not lop-sided.

Erose, gnawed, as if bitten irregularly.

Erumpent, bursting through the surface of the matrix in which it was
embedded.

Evanescent, soon vanishing.

Excavated, hollowed out into a cavity.

Excipulum, external layer of a cup, or a perithecium, sometimes used
asa synonym for Receptacle, which see.

Expanded, spread out, becoming less concave, as when a cup which is
at first nearly closed, assumes a saucer-form.

Euserted, thrust out, protruding beyond the surface,

Farinaceous, mealy, covered with particles resembling meal.

Farinose. See Farinaceous.

Fascicle, a little bundle.

Fasciculate, where several similar parts originate at the same spot, and
so form a bundle.

Fastigiate, when all the parts are nearly parallel, each pointing upwards.

Fawn-colour, the colour of a young deer. :

Fenestrate, divided into compartments like a window.

Ferruginous, the colour of rusty iron, reddish-brown.

Fibril, a fine fibre or filament, hair-like appendage.

Fibrillose, furnished with fibrils, clothed with little loose fibres.

Filiform, thread-shape, cylindrical and slender like a thread.

Fimbriate, fringed.

Fistulose, hollow like a pipe.

Flattened, pressed down, as when a sphere is depressed, or a cylindrical
body has its opposite sides brought closer together.

Fleshy, of the consistence of flesh.

Fleauose, bending gently to and fro in opposite directions,

Flocct, fine threads like wool.

Hivcoose, farmiabed with a wool-like covering, resembling a flock of
woul.

GLOSSARY OF TERMS. 415

Flocculose, minutely woolly. See Floccose.

Forked, separating into two distinct branches which are more or less
apart.

Fragile, easily broken, frail.

Friable, easily crumbled, easily reduced to powder.

Fugaceous, flying or fleeting away, soon falling away.

Fuliginous, sooty-brown, brown verging on black.

Fulvous, tawny, the colour of a lion.

Furfuraceous, coated with bran-like particles.

Fuscescent, tending to become fuscous or brown.

Fuscous, or Fuscus, brown with a grey tinge.

Fusiform, spindle-shape.

Fuso-filiform, between fusiform and thread-shaped, very slenderly
fusiform.

Fusoid, spindle-shaped.

Gelatine, the jelly-like fluid secreted by many fungi.

Gelatinous, having the consistence of jelly.

Glabrous, a surface wholly destitute of pubescence.

Glaucous, sea-green, dull green with a whitish-blue lustre.

Globose, nearly spherical.

Globulose, same as globose.

Granulate, Granulose, covered with small grain-like tubercles, made
up of, or filled with, minute grains.

Gregarious, growing in company like a flock of sheep, not solitary.

Grumous, clotted, in clustered grains. ;

Gutiate, Guttulate, furnished with one or more spherical drops;
synonym for nucleate. As nucleus has now a special meaning,
it has been considered better in this work to adopt the word gutta,
guit#, and guttulate, instead of nucleus, nuclei, and nucleate in
describing sporidia.

Gyrose, folded and waved, or marked with wavy lines.

Hemispherical, resembling half a sphere or globe.

Hirsute, hairy.

Hispid, furnished with rigid hairs.

Horny, of the consistence of horn.

Hyaline, more or less transparent like glass.

. Hymenium, the layer composed of the asci and paraphyses, the disc.

Hypha, pl. Hyphe, the mycelial thread or threads from which the
fungus arises.

Aypocrateriform, formed like a goblet, the shape of a cylindrical cup
the margin of which turns outward.

Hypophyllous, s:ated on the under side of a leaf.

Hypothecium, the cellular tissue immediately beneath the hymenium,
often called the subhymenial tissue.

Hysterieform, resembling an Hystertum, in the form of a long narrow
ridge opening by a longitudinal slit at the top.

416 GLOSSARY OF TERMS.

Inmarginate, without a distinct margin. .

Immersed, originating beneath the surface of the matrix, or beneath the
soil.

Incised, cut.

Incrassated, thickened.

Indeterminate, undefined, without any distinct boundary.

Inflated, swollen like a bladder, puffed out.

Inflexed, curved or bent inwards. :

Infundibuliform, funnel-shaped, a tube below and gradually enlarging
upwards,

Winat born within, originating within the matrix or within the sub-
stance of the plant.

Innato-sessile, the base of the receptacle beneath the surface of the
matrix, without a stem and somewhat immersed. ae

Inwolute, rolled inwards ; applied to the margin of the cup when it is
rolled inwards.

Jrregular, not in a uniform line or circle, unsymmetrical.

Lacerated, torn.

Laciniate, fringed.

Lacunose, having little cavities, pitted.

Lanceolate, shaped like the head of a spear, narrow and tapering at
each end.

Lateritious, of a brick-red colour.

Lentiform, lens-shaped.

Linear, in.a line, where the sides of a spore or other cell are parallel,
and the length considerably longer than the breadth.

Livid, pale bluish or leaden grey.

Lobate, Lobed, divided into lobes.

Lurid, of a dingy brown.

Lutescent, yellowish, pale yellow.

Lvuteus, yellow, like the flowers of woad (Isatis tinctoria).

Marginate, having a distinct margin.

Matrix, anything on which a fungus grows.

Mealy, covered with a scurfy powder,

Membranaceous, thin, and more or less transparent.

Mitrate, bonnet-shaped, a rounded and folded pileus.

Moniliform, necklace-like.

Mucous, slimy, of the consistence of gum.

Muiti-, a prefix indicating many; as multiguttulate, having many
guttule.

Muricate, rough with short points.

Muriform, where the contents of a sporidium are arranged or divided
like the masonry of a stone wall.

Mycelioid, in the form of mycelium.

Mycelium, the hyphe or filaments produced from fungus spores.

GLOSSARY OF TERMS. 417

Navicular, boat-shaped; a synonym of Cymbiform.

Nigrescent, approaching a black colour.

Nigricant, black.

Nigro-punctate, marked with black points or dots.

Nucleate, having nuclei.

Nucleus, a homogeneous, roundish protoplasm-mass produced by the
differentiation of the protoplasm of the cell.* See Guttulate.

a

Obconic, conical, but having the apex downwards.

Oblique, deviating from a right line, aslant.

Oblong, a rectangle, which is longer than it is broad, hut used here of
sporidia which somewhat approach this form while rounded at
the ends.

Obtuse, blunt.

Ochery, the colour of ochre; synonym for Ochraceous.

Ochraceous, Ochraceus. See Ochery.

Olivaceous, of an olive-green colour, orange and grey.

Olive. See Olivaceous.

Opaque, not transparent, not shining.

Operculum, a cover or lid; applied to the membrane which is raised
for the exit of the sporidia. Seen best in Ascobolus.

Orange, the colour of an orange; synonym of Aurantius,

Orbicular, of a round form, circular.

Ovate, shaped like an egg, somewhat broader at the base than the
summit.

Ovoid, synonym for Ovate.

Pallid, pale, but undecided in colour.

Papilla, a nipple-like protuberance, often consisting of a single cell.

Papillate, covered with papille, or ending in a papilla.

Paraphyses, minute hyaline filaments surrounding the asci.

Parenchyma, the cellular tissue forming the interior of the receptacle.
See Pseudo-parenchyma.

Patellate, Patelliform, shaped like a dish.

Pellucid, transparent, not opaque. -

Peltate, formed like a pelta or shield, a shield supported in the middle
on the point of a projecting body.

Perithecium, a closed receptacle containing the hymenium, as in the
genus Spheria, being at length perforated by a pore at the
summit.

Persistent, enduring, remaining beyond the period of maturity, not
soon decaying.

Pileate, furnished with a cap, having a more or less enlarged head.

Pilose, hairy.

Placentiform, a thickened circular disc, depressed in the middle both
above and below.

* Sach’s “ Text-Book of Bot.,” 2nd ed. pp. 2, 38, 44.
25

418 GLOSSARY OF TERMS.

Plane, flat, a level surface

Plano, used in combination ; as plano-convex, between plane a.nd convex.

Plicate, folded in longitudinal plaits.

Poculiform, cup-shaped.

Polari-nucleate, having nuclei at the ends of a sporidium.

Pole, the end of a sporidium.

Polygonal, having many angles.

Polymorphous, having many forms, where any plant or part of a plant
has a diversity of forms.

Polysporus, having many spores.

Pore, a minute superficial hole.

Process, an extension or projection from a surface. —_,

Produced, where a part is brought forward or lengthened out in any
direction.

Protoplasm, the living contents of a cell, consisting of a combination of

buminous substances with water and small quantities of incom-

bustible materials (ash).*

Pruinose, frosted or covered with bloom like a plum.

Pseudo-parenchyma, false parenchyma, the cellular tissue of fungi,
which, although resembling true parenchyma, is not so.

Pseudo-septate, having the appearance of being septate.

Pubescent, coated with elevated extensions of the cellular tissue of the
epidermis, assuming the character of minute hairs or duwn.

Pulverulent, dusted over, powdery.

Pulvinate, cushion-shaped, a little prominence like a cushion.

Pycnidia, receptacles enclosing stylospores.

Pyriform, pear-shaped.

Quadrate, square in form.

Receptacle, the portion of a fungus bearing the hymenium, the apothe-
cium, the cup.

Reniform, kidney-shaped, resembling the section taken longitudinally
through a kidney. .

Repand, bowed, having an uneven, slightly sinuous margin.

Replicate, doubled down, so that the upper part comes in contact with
the lower; folded back, as when the margin of a cup turns out-
wards and downwards.

Reticulated, forming a network, having veins or lines crossing like
network. * th Se Ang eee
Revolute, rolled backwards, as when the margin of a cup ia xolled

outwards.

Rigid, stiff, with slight or no flexibility,

Rimose, where a surface is covered with cracks or fissures.

Rivulose, marked with lines like the rivers in a map.

Rooting, emitting roots, extending the stem downwards into the earth
or matrix in the form of a root.

* Sach’s “ Text-Book,” 2nd ed. p. 37.

GLOSSARY OF TERMS, 419

Rotundate, round, orbicular.

Rufescent, reddish brown.

Rufous, Rufus, full red-brown,

Ruga, a wrinkle.

Rugose, Rugulose, wrinkled on the surface.

Scabrous, rough, covered with minute elevations,

Scarce, rarely present, occurring here and there.

Scattered, not crowded, being at some distance apart.

Saccharine, resembling sugar, covered with shining grains like sugar.

Sclerotium, an old genus of fungi comprising hard, black, compact
bodies which are now proved to be a resting condition of the
mycelium of certain fungi, as of Peziza twberosa, etc.

Scrobiculate, marked with little pits.

Scutellate, formed like a dish or saucer, orbicular and nearly flat.

Septate, having divisions, partitioned off into separate compartments.

Septum, the division wall of a cell.

Seriate, arranged in a row.

Serrated, toothed on the margin like the edge of a saw.

Setaceous, furnished with bristles, in the form of a bristle.

Setulose. See Setaceous.

Sinuate, Sinuous, Si , the margin uneven with alternate con-
cavities and convexities.

Solitary, not closely associated with others.

Spadicious, date-brown, duller and darker than bay-brown.

Spathulate, spoon-shaped, rounded at the summit and narrowed towards
the base.

Spermogonia, receptacles in which spermatia are produced in fungi
and lichens.

Spherical, Spheroid, shaped like a sphere.

Spicula, a little spike.

_Sporidiiferous, bearing sporidia.

Sporidium, an ascospore, or endospore; differs from a spore in being
developed within another cell.

Spurious, false, counterfeit, having only an appearance.

Squamulose, covered with small scales.

Stellate, star-shaped, radiating from a common centre.

Sterigmata, a prop, a filament which supports a spore.

Stipitate, having a stem. :

Stuffed, filled with a cottony web or spongy mass distinct from the
walls,

Striate, channelled, furrowed, marked with grooves.

Strigose, rough with fascicles of hairs, hispid.

Stroma, a more or less continuous layer, varying in consistence from
fleshy to carbonaceous, arising from the mycelium, on which the
receptacles are seated, as in the genera Ephelis and Dermatea.

Stylogonidia, gonidia formed by abstriction on the ends of special
filaments.

420 GLOSSARY OF TERMS.

Stylospores, stalked spores, either produced within a special receptacle,
as in pycnidia, or unenclosed, as amongst the Coniomycetes.

Sub-, a prefix to another word, implying somewhat near the thing
named ; as subglobose, somewhat globose.

Subhymenial, immediately beneath the hymenium.

Subiculum, a mass of filaments, a layer of loosely compacted mycelium
on or amongst which the receptacles are developed.

Subterranean, growing beneath the surface of the ground.

Subulate, awl-shaped, like a cobbler’s awl.

Succulent, juicy, when the cellular tissue is abundant and replete with
juices.

Sulcate, furrowed, marked by depressed parallel lines.

Sulphureous, the colour of sulphur, a pale tint of pure yellow.

Superficial, seated on the surface.

Superior, higher up, situated above another, on the top.

Tan-coloured, the colour of wash-leather; synonym of Alutaceous.

a wel a carpet or layer of mycelium on which the receptacle is
seated.

Tawny, a yellowish dark colour, a deeper shade than tan-colour.

Terete, cylindrical and tapering.

Testaceous, brick-coloured, a reddish-brown, not so bright as lateritious.

Thalamium, synonym for Hymenium.

Thickened, when the thickness of a part is relatively greater than the
adjoining part; synonym for Jncrassated.

Tomentose, covered with pubescence consisting of hair closely matted,
coated with down-like hairs.

Tomentum, flocks of wool, loosely matted fibres.

Translucent, transparent, admitting rays of light, clear.

Tremellose, shaking like jelly, of a jelly-like consistence.

Tri-, 2 prefix denoting three; as ¢riseptate, having three septa.

Truncate, terminating as if abruptly cut off.

Tuberculate, covered with pimples or tubercles, having tuberous
swellings.

Tuberous, in the form of a tuber.

Tumid, swollen, inflated.

Burbioate, top-shaped, having an outline similar to a boy’s spinning-
Op.

Umber, a dark brown, the colour of umber.
ee having a little navel, having a little depression in the
centre.
Uncinate, hooked or hook-shaped.
Undulated, waved, with gentle elevations and depressions; synonym
_for Repand.
Uni-, » prefix denoting one or the same: as uniseptate, having one
_ Septum ; wniform, of one form.
Unilocular, having but one cell,

GLOSSARY OF TERMS. 421

Uniseriate, in one series.

Urceolate, shaped like a pitcher with a contracted mouth.

Urn-shaped, shaped like a vase roundish in form and enlarged in the
middle.

Vasculiform, having the form of a little. vessel, like a common
flower-pot. :

Veil, a partial covering of the cup; a membranaceous, fibrous, or
granulose coating stretching over the mouth of the cup, soon
breaking up into fragments.

Venoso-costate, having raised lines partly resembling veins and partly

ribs. ;
Ventricose, big-bellied, swollen out, puffed up.
Verrucose, warted.
Vesicular, like a bladder.
Villose, Villous, covered with long, weak hairs.
Vinous, the colour of red wine.
Vitelline, the colour of the yelk of an egg.

Waved, having an alternately concave and convex surface or margin.
Waay, the consistence of wax.

AUTHORS QUOTED.

(See Eusiccati, p. 436.)

A. and 8.
Conspectus Fungorum in Lusatie Superioris Agro Niskiensi
crescentium, Par J. B. de Albertini et L. D. de Schweiniz.
8vo. Lipsia: 1805: 12 pl. col.

Afazel. in Vet. Ac. Handl.
De Vegetabilius Suecanis Observationis et Experimenta, Adamus
Afzelius. Upsaliaz: 1785.

Ann. Nat. Hist.
Annals and Magazine of Natural History. London: 1838-1885.
Berkeley and Broome’s contributions are quoted by the number
attached to the species.

Ann. Se. Nat.
Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique. 6 series. Paris: ©
1824-1885.

Auers. in Hedwig.
B. Auerswald’s contributions to Hedwigia.

Badham.
Esculent Funguses. Dr. Badham. 8vo. London: 1847.
Bail.
Das System der Pilza. By Theodor Bail. Bonn: 1856.
Balb. in Memoir Acad. Imp. Tur.
G. B. Balbis in Momnite della Imp. Accademia delle Scienze di
Torino. Turin.
-——, Act. Taur. Same as preceding.
B. and Br.
Rev. M. J. Berkeley and C. E. Broome. See Ann. Nat. Hist.

AUTHORS QUOTED. 423

Barla.
Les Champignons de la Province de Nice. J.B. Barla, Folio-ob.
Nice: 1859.

Batsch.

Elenchus Fungorum. Augustus Batsch. Hala: 1783-1786.
—, Cont.

Continuation of above in vol. ii.
Batt.

Fungorum Agri Arminensis Historie. A. J. Antonio Battarra.
4to. Faventiz : 1755.

Berk. and Curt. :
Rev. M. J. Berkeley and Dr. Curtis, Notices of North American
Fungi, in Grevillea,

Berk.
Rev. M. J. Berkeley.

——, Crypt. Bot.

Introduction to Cryptogamic Botany. 8vo. London: 1857.

—, Outil.

Outlines of British Fungology. 8vo. London: 1860.

—-, Proc. N. H. Soc. Berw.

Proceedings of the Natural History Society of Berwick-on-T weed.

Berl. Ges. Naturf.

Berliner Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde. Berlin: 1775-
1880.
Bernh. Manip.
An old author quoted by Fries in Systema Mycologicum.
Bert. in Mont. Syli.
M. Bertero in Montagne’s Sylloge.

Bisch., Krypt.

Kryptogamen-Kunde. ‘Theophilus Bischoff. 4to. Niimberg:
1860. :

Bivona Manip.

Stirpium rariorum minusque cognitarum in Sicilia sponte pro-
venientium descripto. A.B. Bivona. Manipulus iv. Panormi:
1813. ;

Bolt. ‘

A History of Funguses growing about Halifax. James Bolton.
4to. Huddersfield: 1788-1791.

Bon., Handb.
Handbuch. der Allgeminen Mykologie. H. F. Bonorden. 8vo.
Stuttgart: 1885.

Bot. Central.
Botanisches Centralblatt. Svo. Kassel: 1880.

Bot. Zeit.
Botanische Zeitung. Berlin and Leipzig: 1843-1886.

424 AUTHORS QUOTED.

Boud., Ascob.
Memoire sur les Ascobolés. E. Boudier in Ann. Sc. Nat., 5th ser.
vol. x., and published separately. Roy. 8vo. Paris: 1869.

, Soc. Bot. de Fr.

Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France. 8vo. Paris:
1854-1886,

Brefeld, Schim.
Botanische Untersuchungen iiber die Schimmelpilze. 0. Brefeld.
5 hefte. 4to. Leipzig: 1872-1883.

Bucknail.
Fungi of the Bristol District, in Proceedings of the Bristol
Naturalists’ Society. Bristol: 1878-1886.

Bull.
Histoire des Champignons de la France. Pierre Bulliard. Folio.
16 vols. Paris: 1791-1798.

Bull. Acad. Belg.
Bulletin de ’ Académie Royale de Belgique. 8vo. Bruxelles.

Bullet. Buff.
Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences. 8vo. Buffalo:
1873-1886.

Bull. Soc. Belg.

_ Bulletins de la Société Royale de Botanique de Belgique. 8vo.

Bruxelles.

Bull. Torr. Club.
Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 8vo. New York.

Buab., Petr.
Joannes Buxhaum. Commentarii Academie Imperialis Scien-
tiarum Petropolitane.

Carus, Nov. Act. N. C.
F. W. Carus in Nova Acta Nature Curiosorum, xvii. pp. 370-375,
t. 27; t. 10-31. 4to. Vratislavie, Bonne, Jenxz, and Dresda:
1820-1864.
Cheval., Flo. En. Par.
Flora Générale des Environs de Paris, Francois Chevallier.
lvol. Folio, Paris: 1826-1836. ;
Cemans, Not. Ascob. Belg.
Notice sur les Ascobolus de Belgique. Eugéne Coemans. 8vo.
Bruxelles: 1862. .
—, Com. Soc. Critt. Ttal.
ee della Societa Crittogamologica Italiana. Genova:
Cooke, Handbk.
Handbook of British Fungi. M. C. Cooke, M.A. 2 vols. 8vo.
London: 1871.

AUTHORS QUOTED. 425

Cooke, Mycogr.
Mycographia seu Icones Fungorum, Discomycetes. By the same
author. 1 vol. Roy. 8vo. London: 1879.
, Fungi: Their Nature, Influence, and Uses. 8vo. London: 1875.
Corda, Anl.
Anleitung zum Studium der Mycologie. 8vo. Prig: 1842.
—, Icon.
Icones Fungorum Hucusque Cognitorum. August Corda. 6 fase.
Folio. Praga: 1838-1856.
Crouan, Flo. Fin.
Florule du Finisterre. P. L. et H. M. Crouan. 1 vol. Roy. 8vo.
Brest: 1867.
Cum., Act. Tur.
A. Cumino in Act. Ac. Taurini. 1806.

D.C., Flo. Fr.
Flore Frangaise. A. P. de Candolle et Lamarck. 5 vols. 8vo.
Paris: 1805, etc.

De Not., Disc.
Proposte di Alcune Rettificazioni al Profilo dei Discomiceti.
G. de Notaris. 34 pp. Genova: 1864.

—~, Micro. Ital.
Mycromycetes Italici novi vel minus cogniti. Decades i-ix.
Turin: 1839-1856.

Dicks., Crypt.
Plantarum Cryptogamicarum Britannie. Jacobi Dickson. 4 fasc.
4to, Londini: 1785-1801.

Diil., Gen.
Nova Plantarum Genera in Catalogus Plantarum sponte circa
Giessam nascentium. Joannes Dillenius. Francofurte ad Menum:
1719.

Diim. in Sturm, Deut. Flo.
N. Ditmar, Die Pilze Deutschlands, in Sturm’s Deutschlands
Flora. Niirnberg: 1813-1817.

Doass., Revue Myco.
MM. Doassans et N. Patouillard in Revue nee
Toulouse and Paris: 1879-1886.

Dr. and M., Flo. @ Algérie.
MM. Durieu et Montagne in Exploration Scientifique de l’Algérie.
Bory de St. Vincent and Durieu de Maisonneuve. 4to. Paris.
1846-1849.

Dr. and Lev.
MM. Durieu de Maisonneuve and Levielle in preceding work.

Duby, Bot. Gail.
Botanicon Gallicum. Joannes Stephanus Duby. Paris:
1882-1830.

426 AUTHORS QUOTED.

Eng. Flo.
*"Bnglish Flora. Sir J. E. Smith. Vol. v. part 2. By Rev.

M. J. Berkeley. 8vo. London: 1837.

Farlow, Pro. Ann. Ac. A. and 8. :
Professor W. G. Farlow in Proceedings of the American Academy

of Arts and Sciences, 1883.

Favre-Guill.
Les Champignons Comestibles du Canton de Neuchatel. L. Favre-

Guillarmond, 4to. Neuch&tel: 1861.

Fckl., Bot. Zeit.
Fuckel’s contributions to Botanisches Zeitung.

—, Symb. Myco. oe
Symbole Mycologice. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Rhainischen
Pilze. L. Fuckel. 8vo. Wiesbaden: 1869-1875.

Filo. Boruss.
Flora Borussica. J.C. Wulff. Regiomonti: 1765.

Flo, Chil.
Flora Chilena. MM. Decaisne et Nauden. 4 vols. 8vo.
Paris: 1845-1849.

Flo. Dan, : :
Flora Danicw. Icones Plantarum sponte nascentium in regnis
Danix et Norvegia. Iolio. 1766-1882.

Flo. Tasm.
Flora Tasmaniw. J.D. Hooker. 2 vols. 4to. London: 1860.

Fresen., Beit.
Beitrige zur Mykologie. G. Fresenius. 8 hefta. 4to. Frank-
fort: 1850-1863,

Fries, Elench.
Elenchus Fungorum sistens Commentarium in Systema Myco-
logium. Vol. ii. 8vo. Gryphiswaldie: 1828,
—-, Epic.
Epicrisis Systematis Mycologici seu Synopsis Hymenomycetum.
Elias M. Fries. Upsalia: 1836-1838.
, Icon. Select.

Icones Selects Hymenomycetum Nondum Delineatorum. Elia
Fries. Folio. Holmia: 1867-1884.

——, Nov. Sym. Myco.
Nove Symbolw Mycologice. E. Fries. Upsal: 1851.

——, Obs. Myco. 32 ats
Observationes Mycologicw, pracipue ad Illustrandam Floram
Suecicam. Holmiw: 1815-1818.

AUTHORS QUOTED. 427

Fries, Summa Veg. Scan. ;
Summa Vegetabilium Scandinavia. Elias M. Fries, 2 vols. 8vo.
Upsalia: 1846.

——., Sys. Myco.

Systema Mycologicum, sistens Fungorum Ordines, Genera et
Species hucusque cognitas. Elias M. Fries. 3 vols. 8vu.
Gryphiswaldiz : 1821-1830.

Gard. Chron.
Gardener’s Chronicle. Folio. London: 1841-1886.

Gerard in Bull. Torr. Club.
W. R. Gerard’s contributions to Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical
Club. New York.

Gonn. and Rabh.
Mycologia Europea. Gonnermann und Rabenhorst. Heft. i-ix.
Folio. Dresden: 1870.

Grev., Flo, Edin.

Flora Edinensis. RB. K. Greville. 8vo. Edinburgh: 1824,

, Se. Crypt. Flo.

Scottish Cryptogamic Flora. BR. K. Greville. 6 vols. 8vo.

Edinburgh : 1823-1828.

Grevillea,
Grevillea: a Quarterly Record of Cryptogamic Botany. 8vo.
London: 1872-1886. -

Gill., Champ.
Champignons de France, Les Discomycetes. Par C. C. Gillet.
Alengon: 1879.

Hartig, Krank. Waldb.
Wichtige Krankheiten der Waldbiume. R. Hartig. Berlin: 1874.
Harzer.
Naturgetreue Abbildungen der vorztiglichsten Essbaren, Giftigen
und Verdachtigen Schwamme. Karl A. F. Harzer. Dresden:
1842.
Hayd., Geol. Rept.
F. V. Hayden’s Annual Reports of the United States Geological
Survey of the Territories. 1869-1879.
Hedw., Mus. Frond.
Species Muscorum Frondosorum, Joanne Hedwig. 4 vols.
Folio. 1787-1797. Fungi in vol. ii.
Hedwig. or Hedw.
Hedwigia. Notizblatt fiir Kryptogamiche Studien. 8vo. Dresden.
Herb. Berk.
Herbarium of the Rev. M. J. Berkeley in the National Herbarium,
Royal Gardens, Kew.
Hoff., Icon. An.
’ " Teones Analytice Fungorum. Herman Hoffman. Giessen: 1836.

428 AUTHORS QUOTED.

‘Hoffm., Crypt.
Vegatabilia Cryptogama. Georgius Hoffmann. Erlange: 1787~
1790.
Holms., Ot.
Beata Ruris Otia Fungis Danicis Impensa, Theodorus Holmskiold.
Havnie: 1818.
Hook., Jour. °
Journal of Botany. W.J. Hooker. 8vo: London: 1834—1857.
Huds., Flo. Ang.
Flora Anglica. Gulielmi Hudsoni. 2 vols. 8vo. London: 1778.
Humb., Flo. Frid.
Flore Fribergensis Specimen Plantas Cryptogam. Alexander von
Humboldt. Berolini: 1793.
Huss.
Illustrations of British Mycology. Mrs. Hussey. 2 series. 4to.
London: 1847-1855,

Inzenga, Fungi Sici.
Funghi Siciliani. G. Inzenga. 2 parts. 4to. Palermo: 1869-
1879.

Jacq., Misc. Austr.
Miscellanea Austriaca ad Botanicam. Nicolaus Josephus Jacquin.
4to. Vienne: 1773-1778.

Johnst., Flo. Berw.
Flora of Berwick-upon-Tweed. George Johnston. 2 vols. Edin-
burgh: 1829.

Jour. Bot.
Journal of Botany, British and Foreign. New series. 22 vols.
8vo. London: 1862-1886.

Jour. Hort.
Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society. London.

Jour. Linn. Soc.
Journal of the Linnzan Society. Botany. 8vo. London

Kalch., Icon. Select.
Icones Selectas Hymenomycetum Hungaria. Caroli Kalchbrenner.
4to. Pestini. 1873-1877.
Karst., Mon. Pez.
Monographia Pezizarum Fennicarum. P. A. Karsten. 1 vol.
8vo. Helsingfors: 1868.
——, Myco. Fenn.
Mycologia Fennica. P. A. Karsten. 8vo. Helsingfors: 1871.
—., Pez. et Ascod.
Synopsis Pezizarum et Ascobolorum Fenniw. 1 vol. 8vo. Hel-
singfors: 1861.

AUTHORS QUOTED. 429

Karst., Symb.
Symbol ad Mycologiam Fennicam. Pts. i—xii. 8vo. 1871-1883.
Kicka, Crypt. Flan.
Flore Cryptogamique des Flandres. J. Kickx. Bruxelles: 1867.
— _, Flo. Flan.
Recherches pour servir 4 la Flora Cryptogamique des Flandres
Cent. i-v. Bruxelles: 1841-1855.
Kromb.
Naturgetreue Abbildungen der Essbaren Schadlichen, und Ver-
dachtigen Schwimme. Julius von Krombholz. Folio. Prag:
1831-1849.

Lenz.
Die Niitzlichen und Schidlichen Schwimme. F. A. Lenz.
Gotha: 1840.

Leveillé.
J. H. Leveillé, various Memoirs in Annales des Sciences Naturelles,
etc.

Lightf. iS

Flora Scotica; or, a System of the Native Plants of Scotland and
the Hebrides. John Lightfoot. 2 vols. London: 1777.
Link., Hand.
Handbuch zur Erkenntniss der Nutzbarsten und am haufigsten
vorkommenden Gewachse. Henricus Link. Berlin: 1829-1833.
L. or Linn.
Carl von Linnzus.
——, Suec.
Flora Suecica. Holmiz: 1745-1755,
——, Spec. Plant.
Species Plantarum. 1753.
——, Sys. Veg.
Systema Vegetabilium. Gcettinge: 1774-1784.
Linn. Jour.
Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany. 8vo. London:
1857-1886.
Linn. Trans.
Transactions of the Linnean Society. Botany. 8vo. London:
1791-1886.

Mag. Zool. and Bot.
Magazine of Zoology and Botany. Vol.i. 8vo. 1887.

Mart., Eri.
Flora Cryptogamica Erlangensis. Carolus de Martius. Norim-
berge: 1817.

430 AUTHORS QUOTED.

Mass., Fram.
Frammenti Lichenografici. A.Massalongo. 8vo. Verona: 1883,

Meérat, Flo. En. Par. ba ea
Nouvelle Flore des Environs de Paris. Francois Victor Mérat.
Paris: 1812, 1831, 1837. :

Mich., Gen.

Nova Plantarum Genera. Petro Antonio Michelio. 4to. Flo-
rentie : 1729,

Mont., Syjl. ; 7
Sylloge Generum Specierumque Cryptogamarum quas in variis
operibus descriptas nunc ad diagnosim reductas nounnilasque
novas interjectas ordine systematico disposuit. Jean F. C. Mon-
tagne. 8vo. Paris: 1856.

——, Ann. Sc. Nat.
Contributions to Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique.
1824-1886,

Nees, Sys. .
Das System der Pilze. C. G. Nees von Essenbeck. 4to. Wiirz-
burgh: 1817,

Nees von Esen. u. Hen. Sys. der Pilze.

Das System der Pilze. Dr. Th. F. L. Nees von Esenbeck und
A. Henry. 8vo. Bonn: 1837.

Nyl., Pez. Fenn.

Observationes circa Pezizas Fenniw. William Nylander. 1 vol.
8vo. Helsingfors: 1868.

Ocest. Bot. Zeit.

z Oesterreichische Botanische Zeitschrift. Wein: 1850-1866.

Ofv. Vet. Ak. Handl.
Ofversigt af Kongl-Vetenskaps Akademiens Férhandlingar.
Stockholm.

Oudemans in Arch. Need.
C. A.J. Oudemans. Contributions to Archives Néederlandaises.
Haarlem : 1866-1886.

Pat.
Tabule Analytice Fungorum, By N. Patouillard. Fas. iv.
Poligny : 1883-1886. :

Payer.
Botanique Cryptogamique. J. Payer. 4to. Paris: 1850. 2nd
ed., Paris: 1881. ,

Peck, Report N. Y. St. M.
Report of the Botanist (Charles H. Peck), made to the Regents of
the University of the State of New York. 1873-1886.

AUTHORS QUOTED. 431

Pers.
C. H. Persoon.
, Comm.
Commentatio de Fungis Clavaformibus. C.H. Persoon. Lipsia:
1797.
—.,, Commest.
Traité sur les Champignons Coméstibles. C.H.Persoon. Paris
1818.
—, Icon. et Deser.
Icones et Descriptiones Fungorum Minus Cognitorum. C. H.
Persoon. 4to. Lipsiz: 1798-1800.
, Icon. Pict.
Tcones Picte: Rariorum Fungorum. C.H.Persoon 4to. 1803-1806.
— , Myco. Eur.
Mycologia Europea. C. H. Persoon. 3 vols. 8vo. Erlangez:
1822-1828.
—, Obs.
Observationes Mycologice. 8vo. Lipsie: 1799.
—, Syn. Fung.
Synopsis Methodica Fungorum. C. H. Persoon. 1 vol. 12mo
Gottingz : 1801-1808. ,
, Tent. Disp. Meth.
Tentamen Dispositionis Methodice Fungorum. C. H. Persoon.
Lipsie: 1797.
Phil. and Plow.
New and Rare British Fungi in Grevillea. W. Phillips and
C. B. Plowright. :
Price.
Illustrations of the Fungi of our Fields and Woods. Sarah Price.
2 vols. 4to. London: 1864-1865.
Pro. Am. Ac. A. and 8.
Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Purton, Midi. Flo.
Midland Flora: a Botanical Description of British Plants in the
Midland Counties. 2 vols. 8vo. Stratford-upon-Avon: 1817.

Quelet, Champ.
Les Champignons du Jura et des Vosges. L. Quelet. 8vo.
Montbéliard: 1872-1875.

——, Assoc. Fr.
Report of the Association Francais pour L’Avancement des Sciences.
8vo. Paris: 1880-1884.

Rabh., Handb.
Deutschlands Kryptogamen Flora. Oder Handbuch zur Bestim-

432 AUTHORS QUOTED.

mung der kryptogamischen Gewachse Deutschlands, ete. Dr. L.
Rabenhorst. 8vo. Leipzig: 1847.

Rabh., Krypt. Flo. 5
Kryptogamen Flora von Sachsen; der Ober-Lausitz, Thiiringen
und Nordbéhemen. Dr. L. Rabenhorst. Leipzig : 1863.

Rathey, Ocest. Bot. Zeit. z ‘
Rathey’s contributions to Oesterreichische Botanische Zeitschrift.

Rebent., Neom.

Prodromus Flore Neomarchicw. Joannes Rebentisch. Berolini;
1804.

Relhan.
Flora Cantabrigiensis. R.Relhan. Ed. iii. Cztabrigie. 1820.

Renny, Trans. Woothope Club.
Contributions to the Transactions of the Woolhope Club. By
James Renny. 8vo. Hereford: 1873.

Revue Myco,
Revue Mycologique. 8 vols. 8vo. Toulouse: 1879-1886.

Rob. in Desm., Crypt. Fr. :
M. Roberge in Desmazieres’ Notices sur les Plantes Cryptogames,
in Annales des Sciences Naturelles.

Rost.
Rostrup in Botanisk Tidsskrift. Kjébenh: 1866-1883.

Roth, Cat.
Catalecta Botanica. A.W. Roth. Leipsiz: 1797-1806.

Roumg., Crypt. Illus.
Cryptogamie Illustrée. M. Casimir Roumeguére. 4to. Paris:
1870. ;

Sace., Fung. Ven.
Fungi Veneti Novi vel Critici. Ser. i., in Nuovo Giorn. Bot.
Ital., vol. for 1873; ser. ii., in vol. for 1875; ser. iii., in Hedwigia,
xiv., for 1875; ser iv., Atti della Soc. Veneto-Trientina di Scienze
Nat., iv., 1875; ser. v., in Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. viii, 1876;
ser. vi.-xi., in Michelia, i—vi. Padova: 1877-1880. By P. A.
Saccardo.

—_, Mich.
Michelia Commentarium Mycologicum, P. A. Saccardo. 2 vols,
8vo. Patavii: 1877-1882.

—, Myco. Ven. Sp.
Mycologie Venetze Specimen. By P. A. Saccardo. 1 vol. 8vo,
Patavii: 1873.

Sadebeck., Wint. Krypt. Flo.
R. Sadebeck in Rabenhorst’s Kryptogamen Flora von Deutsch-
land Oesterreich und der Schweiz. Pilze. G. Winter. 8vo
Leipzig: 1884, °

AUTHORS QUOTED. 433

Sch. Flo. Bar.
Baierische Flora. Franz de Paula von Schrank. Munich: 1718.
Scheff., Icon.
Fungorum qui in Bavaria et Palatinata circa Ratisbonam Nas-
cunter Icones. Jacobi Christiani Scheffer. 2 vols. 4to. Ratis-
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Schmid., Icon.
Icones Plantarum et Analyses Partium eri incise atque vivis
Coloribus insignite. C.C. Schmidel. Norimberge: 1747-1762.
Erlanga : 1793-1797.
Schmidt, Myco. Heft.
Kunze und Schmidt. Mycologische Heft. G.H. 8. Kunze and
J. K. Schmidt. Leipsig: 1817-1823.
Schrad. in Pers. Comm.
Schrader in Persoon’s Commentatio de Fungis Claveformibus.

Schrad., Bot. Jour.
Henricus Adolphus Schrader’s Contributions to the Neues Journal
fiir die Botanik. Erfurt: 1806-1810.

Schum., Saell.
Enumeratio Plantarum in partibus Sellandia Septentrionalis et
Orientalis Crescentium. C.F.Schumacher. Haynie: 1801-1803.

Schw., Syn.
Synopsis Fungorum Caroline Superioris. L.de Schweiniz. 4to.
Leipzig : 1822,

Scott. Nat.
The Scottish Naturalist. 8vo. 1872-1886.

Scop.
Flora Carniolica. J. A. Scopoli. Vienne: 1760-1772.
Secr., Mycogr.
Mycographie Suisse ou Déscriptions des Champignons qui croftssent
en Suisse. Louis Secretan. Genéve: 1833.

Smith, Diseases.
Diseases of the Field and Gatden Crops. W.G.Smith. London:
1884.

Sommf., Lapp.
Supplementum Flore Lapponicw. Christianus Sommerfelt
Christianie : 1826.

Sow., Fung.
English Fungi. James Sowerby. 8 vols.- Folio. London
1797-1809.

Steven., Myco. Scot.
Mycologia Scotica. Rev. John Stevenson. 1 vol. 8vo. Edinburgh :
1879.
2F

434 AUTHORS QUOTED.

Sturm., Flo.
Deutschlands Flora. Pilze. Jacob Sturm. 12mo. Niirnberg.
1817-1851.

Sv. Bot.
Svensk Botanik. O, Swartz. Stockholm. 1803-1809.

Swartz, Vet. Ac. Handl.
Olof Swartz, in Swenska Vetenskaps-Akademien (Kongl) Hand-
lingar. 8vo, Stockholm: 1739-1855.

Timm., Megap.
Flore Megapolitane Prodromus. J.C. Timm. Lipsie: 1788.

Tode, Fung. Meckl. ;
Fungi Mecklenburgenses Selecti. Henricus Julius Tode, Liine-
bergi: 1790-1791.

Trans. Bot, Soc. Edin.
Transactions of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh. 8vo.
1841-1886,

Tratt., Austr.
Fungi Austriaci Iconibus Illustrati. Leopoldus Trattinnick. 4to.
Wein: 1805,

—, Die Essbaren Schwimme. Leopoldus Trattinnick. Wien und
Triest: 1809. Wein: 1830.

Tul., Select. Fung. Carp.
Selecta Fungorum Carpologia. L. R. et C. Tulasne, 3 vols.
Folio, Paris: 1865,

—,, Hyp. ;
Fungi Hypogei. L.R.& C. Tulasne. Folio. Paris: 1862.

Vaill., Bot.
Botanicon Parisiense. Sebastianus Vaillant. Lugduni Batavorum
et Amstelodami: 1727.

Vet. Ac. Handl.

Handlinger Konigliche Svenska Vetenskaps Academieus. Stock-
holm: 1819.

Ventenant.
M. Louis Ventenant in Mémoires du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle.
Paris: 1815-1832.
Vill., Delph.
Flora Delphinalis. By Dominique Villars. 8vo. Grenoble; 1785.
sae Mang. .
escrizione dei Funghi Mangerecci pi i "Ttali
Carolus Vittadini. Milano: 1835, ee

Weberb.

Die Pilze Nord-Deutschlands. Otto Weberb: s i
Breslau: 1873-1875 pe Bee Aha,

AUTHORS QUOTED, 435

Weinm., Hym.
Hymeno et Gasteromycetes hucusque in Imperio Rossico Observati.
J. A. Weinmann. Petropoli, 1836.

Wahl., Flo. Suec.
Flora Suecica, Goeran Wahlenberg. Upsalie et Lipsia:
1824-1826; and Upsaliz: 1831-1833.

——, Ups.
Flora Upsaliensis. Goeran Wahlenberg. 8vo. Upsalia et
Lipsiz : 1820.

Wallr., Crypt. Flo.
Flora Cryptogamica Germanie. Fred. Guil. Wallrothio. 2 vols.
12mo. Norimberge: 1831-1833.

—, Flo. Germ.
The same work.

West.
G. D. Westendorp in Bulletin de Acad. Roy. de !’Belgique.
1861.

Wigg., Hoffm. Crypt.
See Hoffm. Crypt.

With. ;
An arrangement of British Plants. William Withering, M.D.
8rded. 4 vols. 8vo. London: 1796.

Wright, Cub.
Mr. Charles Wright’s specimens of Cuban Fungi described by
Messrs. Berkeley and Curtis. Journal of the Linnean Society,
vol. x. p. 280,

oe EXSICCATI.

Ayres, exs.
Mycologia Britannica ; or, Specimens of British Fungi. By Philip
B, Ayres, M.D. Fasc. 1,2. 4to. Pamplin. London: 1846.

B. and Br.
Rev. M. J. Berkeley and C. E. Broome, in the Herbarium, Royal

Gardens, Kew.
Bact., exs.

Stirpes Cryptogamicz Oxonienses, or Dried Specimens of Crypto-

gamous Plants, by William Baxter, A.L.S. Oxford: 1825.
Berk., Brit. Fung.

British Fungi. Rev. M. J. Berkeley. 4 fasc. 4to. London.
Blow. in Herb Kew,

Rev. Andrew Bloxam’s specimens in the Herbarium, Royal

Gardens, Kew.

Coote, Fung. Brit.
Fungi Britannici Exsiccati. 1st ser. ivi. 8vo. London:
1865-1871. 2nd ser., i—vii. 4to. London: 1875-1879,

Desm., Crypt. fr.
Plantes Cryptogamiques de France. J. B. Desmazieres, to.

Lille: 1825-1860.

Ellis, N. A. Fungi.
North American Fungi. J.B. Ellis. Cent. i—xi. Newfield and
Philadelphia: 1878-1883.

Erb. Crit. Ital.
Erbario Crittogamico Italiano, per cura di G. de Notaris, Fr.
ee ‘i Fr. Ardissone. Series 1. 24 fasc. Folio. Genova:
1858-1864,

Fekl., F. Rh.
L. Fuckel’s Fungi Rhenani Exsiccati. Cent. 1-15, and supp.
4to. Wiesbaden: 1865.

EXSICCATI. 437

Fries, Scl. Suec.
Scleromycetes Sueciz Exsiccati. Elias Magnus Fries. Upsala.

Gardiner, exs.
250 Specimens <f Mosses, Fungi, etc. By William Gardiuer.
Dundee: 1845-1848.

Karst., Fung. Fenn.
Fungi Fenniw Exsiccati. P. A. Karsten. 7 cent. Helsingfors.

Klotesch, H. M.
Herbarium vivum Mycologische Hefte. J. F. Klotzsch. 20 vols.
4to. Berlin: 1832, etc.

Kunze, Exs. Also Kze. and Schm.
Deutschlands Schwamme in getrockneten Examplaren. By C.
F, Hall, I. C. Schmidt, and G. Kunze. Leipzig: 1815-1818.

—., Fung. Sel.
Fungi Selecti Exsiccati. Joanne Kunze. Islebie: 1876-1880.

Lasch in Klotesch, Herb. Myco.
F, W. Lasch’s contributions to Klolzsch’s Herbarium vivum

Mycologische Hefte.

Libert, Crypt. Ard.
Plantes Cryptogames des Ardennes. Madame Libert: 1830-1837.

Mazerio., Crypt. Gal.
See Desm. Crypt. Fr.

Moug. Exs., or Moug. and Nest.
J. B. Mougeot, C. Nestler, et W. P. Schimper, Stirpibus Crypto-
gamis Vogeso-Rhenanis, 15 fasc. 4to. Bruyerii Vogesorum :
1810-1864.

Phil., Elv. Brit.
Elvellacei Britannici. 4 fasc. 4to. Shrewsbury: 1874-1881.

Rabh., Fung. Eur.
Rabenhorst’s Fungorum Europeorum Exsiccatorum. Cent, i.-xx.

Dresden: 1861-1881.

Rabh., Herb. Myco. :
Herbarium vivum Mycologicum. J. F. Klolzsch. Continued
by Dr. Rabenhorst. Dresden: 1855-1860.

Rav., Fung. Am.
Fungi Americani Exsiccati. HH. W. Ravenel. Edited by
M. C. Cooke. Fasc. i—viii. London: 1877.

—-—, Fung. Carol.
Fungi Carolinieni Exsiccati. H. W. Ravenel. 4 fase. 4to,
Charleston: 1852, etc.

a

438 EXSICCATI,.

Rehm, Asco. ; .
Ascomyceten. Dr. Med, Rehm. Fasc, i—xvil. Dresden :
1868-1885. ~

Roumg., Fung. Gal. :

Fungi Selecti Gallici Exsiccati. M. C. Roumeguére. Cent.
i-xxxix. 4to. Toulouse: 1879-1886.

——, Stirpes.

Those specimens in the preceding work originally issued in
Mougeot’s work quoted above.

Sace., Erb. Crit.
Erbario Crittogamico Italiano, P,A.Saccardo. Ser. 1. 24 fase.
Genova: 1858-1864. Ser. 2. 14 fasc. 1868-1879.

— , Myco. Ven.
Mycotheca Veneta. P.A.Saccardo, Cent.i-xv. 4to. Patavii:
1874-1880.

Schm and Kze.
See Kunze, exs.

Sommf.
Planta Cryptogamice Norvegie. Christianus Sommerfelt. 4to.
Lipsia : 1827,

Syd., Mycoth. Mar.
Mycotheca Marchica. Sydow and Zopf. 18 cent.. Folio. Berol:
1880-1887.

Thum., Fung. Aus.
Fungi Austriaci Exsiccati, F. de Thumen. 13 cent. 4to.
Dresden and Bayreuth: 1871-1875.

——, Herb. Myco.
Herbarium Mycologicum Aiconomicum. F.deThumen. 14 fasc:
1873-1879.

— , Mycoth. Univ.
Mycotheca Universalis. F.de Thumen. 23 cent. 4to. Bay-
reuth : 1875-1880.

Wartm. and Sch.
Herbarium Schweizericher Kryptogamen. Fasc. i—xii, St.
Gallen: 1862-1869.
Welw. Crypt, Lust,
West and Wall.
Herbier Cryptogamique Belge. Fasc. 21-28. 4to. 1855-1859.
Winter, Fungi Eur.
Fungi Europai et extra Europai Exsiccati. Klotzschii Herbarii
vivi Mycologici continuatio. Editio nova. Cura Dr. G. Winter.
Dresden: 1881.
Zopf. and Syd. Mycoth. Mar.
Zopf et Sydow Mycotheca Marchica. Berlin: 1880-1884.

DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.

Puiate I.

Fig. 1.—a, Morchella esculenta, nat. size; 6, a section of the same ;
¢, an ascus and paraphvses; d, sporidia. cand d x 400 times.

Fig. 2.—a, Gyromitra esculenta, nat. size; b, section of the same;
¢, an ascus and a paraphysis; d@, a sporidium. candd x 400 times.

Fig. 3.—a, Helvella lucunosa, nat. size; b, a section of the same;
¢,an ascus with two paraphyses; d, three sporidia. c and d x 400
times.

Fig. 4.—a, Verpa rufipes, nat. size; b, a section of the same; ¢, an
ascus and a paraphysis; d, sporidia; ¢, cellular filament from the
epidermis. c,d, ande x 400 times.

Puate If.

Fig. 5.—a, Leotia circinans, nat. size; 0; section of the same; c¢, an
ascus with three paraphyses; d, two sporidia. cand d x 400 times.

Fig. 6.—a, Mitrula paludosa, nat. size; b, section of the upper part;
¢, an ascus; @, three sporidia. candd x 400 times.

Fig. 7.—a, Spathularia flavida, nat. size; b, section of the same;
c, an ascus with three paraphyses; d, two filiform sporidia. cand d
x 400 times.

Fig. 8.—a, Leptoglossum viride, aat. size; b, section of the same;
¢, an ascus with two paraphyses; d, sporidia. cand d x 400 times.

Fig. 9.—a, Geoglossum hirsutum, nat. size; 6, an ascus with two
hooked paraphyses; c, a sporidium; d, one of the black rigid hairs
from the hymenium intermixed with the asci. 6,c,andd x 400 times.

Fig. 10.—a, Rhizina undulata, nat. size; 6, a section of the same,
showing the root-like fibrille; c, an ascus; d, the fusiform sporidia.
cand d x 400 times. ;

440 DESCRIPTION OF PLATES,

Puate III.

Fig. 11.—a, Peziza acetabulum, nat. size; b, a section of the same ;
c, an ascus with a paraphysis; d, three sporidia. cand d x 400 times.

Fig. 12.—a, Peziza cupularis, nat. size; b, a section of the same;
c, an ascus with a paraphysis; d, three sporidia. c¢ and d@ x 400 times.

Fig. 18.—a, u, Peziza pleurota, nat. size; b, section of the same ;
c, an ascus and a paraphysis; d, four sporidia. c¢ and d x 400 times.

Fig. 14.—a, Peziza aurantia, nat.size; b, section of the same; ¢, an
ascus with a paraphysis; @, sporidia. ¢ and d x 400 times.

Fig. 15.4, a, a, Peziza trachycarpa, nat. size; }, a section; ¢, an
ascus and a paraphysis; @, four sporidia. ¢ and d x 400 times.

Puate IV.

Fig. 16.—a, Peziza succosa, two cups, nat. size; 6, a section of a
cup; ¢, an ascus with two paraphyses; d, tour sporidia, the two lower
more mature. candd x 400 times. ;

Fig. 17.-- a, a, Peziza radula, nat. size; 6, a section of a cup; ¢, an
ascus with a paraphysis; d, four sporidia. ¢ and d x 400 times.

Fig. 18.—2, a, a, Peziza lividula, nat. size; b, a section of a cup;
c, an ascus with a paraphysis; d, three sporidia. cand d x 400 times.

Fig. 19.—a, Pezizu Crouani, nat.size; b, a cup magnified 5 times;
e, a section of the same; d, an ascus with a paraphysis; e, four
sporidia. d and e x 400 times.

Fig. 20.—a, Peziza rutilans, two cups, nat. size; b, a section of a
cup; ¢, an ascus with a paraphysis; d, four sporidia. ¢ and d x 400
times.

Fig. 21.—a, Peziza corallina, a group the nat. size; b, b, two cups
slightly magnified ; c, a section of a cup also slightly magnified; d, an
ascus with a paraphysis; e, two sporidia. d and e x 400 times.

Puate V.

Fig. 22.—a, Peziza omphalodes, a grovp the nat. size; b, a group
slightly magnified; c,a cup more highly magnified; d, a section of
the latter, both showing the white mycelium from which they spring ;
e, an ascus with paraphyses; jf, four sporidia. e and f x 400 times.

Fig. 23.—a, a, Psilopezia, nat. size; b, a section of the upper one;
¢, ascus with a paraphysis; d, seven sporidia. cand d x 400 times.

Fig. 24.—a, Hymenoscypha sclerotiorum, a group the nat. size, with
the sclerotia from which they arise; 6, a section of one; c, an ascus
with a paraphysis; d, five sporidia. cand d x 400 times,

DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. 441

Fig. 25.—a, Hymenoscypha pseudo-tuberosa, a group the nat. size,
arising from a decayed acorn; 6, a section of a cup slightlv magnified ;
c, two asci with paraphyses; d, six sporidia, showing their variable
size. cand d x 400 times.

Fig. 26.—a, Hymenoscypha coronata, a group the nat. size; b, two
cups magnified, one being a section; ve, an ascus with a paraphysis ;
d, three sporidia. cand d x 400 times.

Fig. 27.—a, Hymenoscypha Broomei, a group the nat. size; 0, three
cups magnified; ¢, a section of a cup; @, two asci; e, six sporidia.
d and e x 400 times.

Fig. 28.—a, Chlorosplenium zxruginosum, a group the nat. size;
b, two cups slightly magnified; c, a section of a cup; d@, an ascus with
paraphyses ; e, seven sporidia. d and e x 400 times.

Fig. 29.—a, Belonidiwm culmicolum, a group the nat. size; b, two
cups magnified 10 times; ¢, a section of a cup magnified 10 times ;
d, an immature and a mature ascus with paraphyses ; e, four sporidia,
one of which shows a gelatinous envelope not unfrequently seen to
surround them. 4d and e x 400 times.

Fig. 30.—a, Helotium ferruginosum, a group the nat. size ; b, three
cups slightly magnified; ¢, a section of a cup slightly magnified ;
d, two asci with paraphyses ; e, six sporidia in various stages of develop-
ment. dande x 400 times.

Fig. 31.—a, Helotium claro-flavwm, a group the nat. size; b, a group
slightly magnified; c,a section of a cup also magnified; d, an ascus
with paraphyses; e, seven sporidia in various stages of development.
d and e x 400 times.

Puate VI.

Fig. 32.—a, Moilisia cinerea, a group the nat. size; b, a group seen
from above, slightly magnified; c, two cups viewed sideways, also mag-
nified ; d, a section of a cup; e, an ascus with paraphyses; /, twelve
sporidia, representing the variation in size and form in the same
individual. e and / x 400 times.

Fig. 33.—a, Mollisia nervisequia, a group the nat. size on a frag-
ment of a leaf of Plantago; b, two cups magnified 20 times, and in two
stages of development; c, a section of the younger one; d, an ascus
with paraphyses; ¢, six sporidia. d and e x 400 times.

Fig. 34.—a, Mollisia dilutella, a group the nat. size; b, three cups
magnified, showing the several stages of growth; d, three asci; ¢, eight
sporidia, showing the degree of variability of size and shape. d and
e x 400 times. ;

Fig. 35.—a, Mollisia Bullii,a group the nat. size; b, a group mag-
nified; c, a section of a cup also magnified; d, two asci; ¢, seven
sporidia, showing variation of size. d and e x 400 times.

Fig. 86.—a, Mollisia cerastiorum, a fragment of the host plant

442 DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.

bearing four cups, nat. size; b, c, three cups magnified, the lower one
seen from above; d. a section of a cup also magnified; e, two asci;
J, nine sporidia; ¢ and f, x 400 times.

Fig. 37.—a, Mollisia peristomialis, a group the nat. size; 6b, three
cups magnified 20 times; c, a section of a cup, showing the scarcely
depressed hymenium ; d, two of the teeth magnified; e, three asci;
J, four sporidia. d, e, and f x 400 times.

Fig. 38.—a, a, Lachnea radiculata, nat. size; b, a section of a cup;
ce, one of the nearly colourless hairs from the exterior of the cup; d, an
ascus with paraphyses; e, four sporidia in several stages of growth.
ec, d, and e x 400 times. .

Fig. 39.—a, Lachnea sepulia, one mature cup and three young ones,
nat. size; b, a section of a cup; c, a group of hairs from the exterior
of the cup; d, an ascus with a paraphysis; e, three sporidia, the lower
one more advanced in growth. , d, and e x 400 times.

Puate VIE.

Fig. 40.—a, Lachnea melastoma, nat. size, showing the black strigose
filaments from which it springs; }, section of a cup; c, a group of the
strigose filaments from the base; d, an ascus with a paraphysis ;
e, four sporidia. c, d, and e x 400 times.

Fig. 41.—a, Lachnea trechispora, three cups in different stages of
growth, nat. size; 0, a section of a cup; ¢, a group of hairs from the
exterior of the cup (the bent one is so represented to save space); d,
an ascus with a paraphysis; e, two sporidia. c, d, and e x 400 times.

Fig. 42.—a, Lachnea Cornubiensis, two cups the nat. size; b, a
section of a cup; ¢, a group of hairs from the exterior of the cup; d, an
ascus containing eight sporidia, with a paraphysis. candd x 400 times.

Fig. 48.—a, Lachnella diplocarpa, a group the nat. size; b, a cup
magnified ; c, a section of the same; d, one of the hairs from the
exterior of the cup; e, asci paraphyses, and filaments surmounted by
fusiform spores (?); f, six sporidia in various conditions of develop-
ment ; g, one of the filaments, surmounted, by its fusiform spore, viewed
separately. d, e, f, and g x 400 times. ;

Fig. 44.—a, Lachnella cerina, a group the nat. size; 0, three cups
in different stages of growth, magnified; ¢, section of a cup; 4d, hairs
from near the margin of a cup; e, an ascus with two acerose paraphyses ; .
f, seven sporidia. d, e, and f x 400 times.

Puatse VIII.

Fig. 45.—a, Lachnella cupressi, nat. size; b, two cups slightly
magnified ; ¢, a section of a cup; d, the villuse hairs from the exterior
of a cup; e, ascus with paraphyses ; /, six sporidia, d, e, and f x 400
times,

DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. 443

Fig. 46.—a, Lachnella bicolor, a group the nat. size; b, three cups
enlarged, in different stages of growth; c, section of a cup; d, three
ha rs from the exterior of a cup; e, an ascus with two acerose para-
physes; /, five sporidia. d, ¢, and f x 400 times.

Fig. 47.—a, Lachnella pteridis, a group the nat. size; b, two cups
enlarged, one young, the other more mature; c, a section of a cup;
d, a group of hairs from the exterior of a cup; e, an ascus with a para-
physis ; 7, seven sporidia. d, e, and f x 400 times,

Fig. 48.—a, Lachnella hyalina, a group the nat. size; 8, two cups
in different stages of growth, magnified; ¢, a sectiun of a cup; d, two
asci; e, six sporidia. d@ and e x 400 times.

Fig. 49.—a, Lachnella rufo-oli . the nat. size; b, a cup mag-
nified 10 times; ¢, a section of a cup; @, loose brown cells from the
exterior of a cup; e, two asci, the one filled with coarse granular pro-
toplasm, the other in which the sporidia are matured, with a clavate
paraphysis; /, four sporidia in different stages of development, the
pseudo-septate ones being the most mature.

Fig. 50.—a, Tapesia aurelia, a group the nat. size seated on a frag-
ment of an oak-leaf; 6, two cups enlarged, of different ages, showing
the white tapesium from which they arise; ¢, a section of a cup; d, a
portion of the tapesium ; e, asci and paraphyses ; /, seven sporidia in
different stages of growth. d, e, and x 400 times.

Fig. 51.—a, Desmazierella acicola, three cups nat. size; b, section
of a cup magnified, showing the hairy hymenium; ¢, one of the rigid
hairs of the exterior; d, an ascus; e, a bundle of paraphyses divided
at the top in the form of bristle-like points, which rise above the
surface of the hymenium ; f, four sporidia. d, e, and / x 400 times.

‘Fig. 52.—a, Pirottwa vectis, a group the nat. size; b, two cups mag-
nified ; c,a section of a mature cup; d, a group of the rigid bristles from
the margin of acup; e,asci and paraphyses; /, five sporidia in different
stages of growth, showing their variable shape. d, e, and f x 400
times.

Piate IX,

Fig. 538.—a, Boudiera areolata, a group the nat. size: b, b, two
cups magnified ; c,a section of a cup; d, an ascus with paraphyses ;
e, sporidia. d@ and e x 400 times.

Fig. 54.—a, Ascobolus viridis, three cups the nat.size; 6, a section
of a cup; ¢, an ascus with paraphyses; d, three sporidia.

Fig. 55.—a, Saccobolus violaceus, a group the nat. size; b, a group
slightly magnified ; c, a section of a cup; d, asci and paraphyses;
e, eight sporidia removed from the ascus and still enclosed in a cell,
which was developed within the parent ascus; jf, three sporidia
detached from the group. d, e, and f x 400 times. :

Fig. 56.—a, Thecotheus Pelletier?, a group..the nat. size; b, two
cups magnified; ¢, an ascus filled with sporidia; d, the summit of an

444 DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.

ascus, showing the operculum open through which the sporidia have
escaped; e and /, sporidia in different stages of growth, the one at St
being surrounded by a gelatinous envelope. c, d,e,and f x 400 times.

Fig. 57.—a, Ryparobius Cvokei, a group the nat. size; b, a group
slightly magnified; c, a section more highly magnified; d, an ascus
and paraphyses; ¢, eight sporidia, showing variation in size and shape.
d and e x 400 times.

Fig. 58.—a, Ascophanus testaceus, a group. the nat. size seated on
a piece of old sacking; } and c, cups magnified; @, an ascus with a
parapbysis ; ¢, six sporidia. d and e x 400 times.

\

Puate X.

Fig. 59.—a, Bulgaria inquinans, a group the nat. size seated on a
piece of woud; }, a section of a cup; ¢, two asci in different stages of
growth with paraphyses ; d, sporidia removed from an ascus. ¢ and d
x 400 times. 5

Fig. 60.—a, Vibrissea truncorwm, a group the nat. size; }, a section
somewhat enlarged; ¢, an ascus and paraphyses; d, a filiform sporidium
removed from an ascus. cand d x 400 times. :

Fig. 61.—a, Vibrissea Guernisaci, a group the nat. size; b, one cup
enlarged; ¢, section of a cup; d, ascus and paraphyses; e, a filiform
sporidium detached from an ascus. d and e x 400 times.

Fig. 62.—a and b, Ombrophila clavus, in two forms, nat. size;
e, section of a larger specimen; d, ascus with paraphyses; e, six
sporidia. d and e x 400 times. >

Fig. 63.—a, Calloria vinosa, a group the nat. size; >. two cups
magnified ; ¢, a section; d, two asci with paraphyses having globose
heads; e, seven sporidia, showing variation in their form and size.
d and e x 400 times.

Fig. 64.—a, Encelia fascicularis, a group the nat. size; 6, a section
of a cup; ¢, two asci, the one immature, the other mature; d, four
sporidia. ¢andd x 400 times.

Fig. 65.—a, Dermatea cinnamomea, several clusters the nat. size ;
b, a cluster breaking through the epidermis of the bark, magnified ;
c, a section of a cluster more highly magnified ; d, an ascus and para-
physis; e, six sporidia in different stages of development, those with
septa being most mature. d@ and e x 400 times.

Pig. 66.—a, Cenangium Prunastri, the nat. size, bursting through
the epidermis of the matrix in tranverse elongated clusters; 6, a cluster
of ascigerous cups magnified; c, showing another cluster, and at a little
distance, on the same piece of wood, a cluster of awl-shaped pycnidia ;
d, a section of a cluster, showing the pycnidia associated with the
acigerous cups ; ¢, a fragment of the interior of a pycnidium, showing
the filiform sterigmata, on the summits of which are produced the
stylospores f; g, three asci, one of which is immature, surrounded with
the adherent paraphyses; f, nine sporidia. e, 7, g, and & x 400 times.

DESCRIPTION OF PLATES, 445

Puate XI.

Fig. 67.—a, Tympanis conspersa, four clusters which have burst
through the bark, the natural size; }, a cluster with spermogonia inter-
mixed, slightly magnified; ¢, a section of a cluster; d, a portion of the
interior of a spermogonium, with the filiform sterigmata; e, the sper-
matia produced on the sterigmata; /, asci mature and immature,
surrounded with the adherent paraphyses; g, a number of sporidia,
showing their variation in size and form. d and g x 400 times.

Fig. 68.—a, Crumenula urceoliformis, several cups on Vacciniwm
twigs, the natural size; 6, a cup magnified; c, a section of the same;
d, an ascus with paraphyses; e, two filiform sporidia; f, stylospores
on their sterigmata. d, e, and f x 400 times.

Fig. 69.—a,. Ephelis Rhinanthi, nat. size; b, mature cups mag-
nified ; c, section of a cup; d, an ascus with a paranhysis; e, four
sporidia; 7, spermatia with their sterigmata. d,e, and / x 400 times.

Fig. 70.—a, Patellaria clavispora, a group the nat.size; b, two cups
magnified; ¢, section of a cup; @, an ascus with several paraphyses;
é, sporidia, showing stages of growth. d and e x 400 times.

Fig. 71.—a, Heterospheria patella, nat. size; b, a cup magnified ;
c, a section of a cup that has not yet split open at the top; d, an ascus
and paraphyses; e, five sporidia; ,f, stylospores. d, e, and f x 400
times.

Fig. 72.—a, Laquearia spheralis, a group the nat. size; b, a single
receptacle seen from above, enlarged; ¢, a section of a receptacle more
highly magnified; d, an ascus with paraphyses; e, five sporidia.
@ and e x 400 times.

Fig. 73.—a, Propolis versicolor, the nat. size; b, a single receptacle
magnified; ¢, a section of the same; d, an ascus with paraphyses ;
e, seven sporidia removed from an ascus. d@ and e x 400 times.

Puate XII.

Fig. 74.—a, Schmitzomia atro-alba, the nat. size; 6, three receptacles
magnified ; c, section of a receptacle, showing how it is immersed in
the matrix; d, an ascus and paraphyses; e, a filiform sporidium.
ad and e x 400 times.

Fig. 75.—a, Stictis pallida, nat. size ; 6, three receptacles magnified ;
c, a section of a receptacle; d, an ascus with paraphyses; e, six
sporidia. dande x 400 times.

Fig. 76.—a, Phacidium striatum, the nat. size; b, two receptacles
magnified, the one just splitting, the other having fully opened; ¢, a
section; d, two mature asci with paraphyses; e, six sporidia in different
stages of development. d and e x 400 times.

Fig. 77.—a, Trochila eraterium, on a fragment of a leaf, the nat.

446 DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.

size; 6, four receptacles magnified; ¢, sections of the same; d, an ascus
with paraphyses; e, two sporidia. dand e x 400 times.

Fig. 78.—a, Stegia Ilicts, on a portion of a holly-leaf, nat. size; ba
receptacle magnified, showing the upper half of the perithecium splitting
and becoming. detached and exposing the hymenium; z, an ascus;
d, five sporidia. e¢ and d x 400 times,

Fig. 79.—a, Ascomyces Potentille, on a portion of a branch of the
host plant, which it has much enlarged; b, 6, a portion of the cellular
tissue of the host plant, showing the mycelium. of the <Ascomyces
ramifying between the cells of the epidermis and throwing up asci
c, c, through the cuticle; 7, sporidia, 0, b, c, c, and f x 400 times.

Mintern. Bros. lith.

3
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=

Mintern Bros . lith.

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W:P. del. Mintern Bros lith

Mintern Bros. kth.

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Mintern Bros. lith.

Mintern Bros. lith’

W.H del.

ACETABULA, Fckl, . ¢
vulgaris, Fekl. . .

Ateurtia, Fckl.
acetabulum (Linn.) .
alutacea (Pers.) .
ampliata (Pers.) .
aurantia (id.) .«
auricula (Cooke) .
badia (Pers.) .
brunneo-atra (Desm.) .
bulbosa (Hedw.). .
carbonaria (A. and S.)
cerea(Sow.). . «
cochleata (Bull.). .
constellatio (B. and Br.)
convexula (Pers.) .
coralina (Cooke) .
corium (Weber.) .
Crouant (Cooke) .
cupularis (Linn.)
eximia (Dr. and Lev.)
glumarum (Desm.)
grandis (Pers.) .
granulata (Bull.)
helvelloides (Fries)
hepatica (Batsch) -
humosa (Fries) .
leporina (Batsch).

- leucoloma (Hedw.)
macropus (Pers.) .
maurilabra (Cooke)
melaloma (A. and §.)
micropus (Pers.) .
ochracea, Karst. «

ea ee

onotica (Pers.)
Polytricht (Schum.)
purpurascens (Pers,)
pustulata (Pers.) .
rapulum (Bull.) .
repanda (Wahl.) .
reticulata (Grev.)
rutilans (Fries) .

Cc a a rd

Cr a a a 2

ete
PAGE
44 | ALEURIA—continued.
44 saniosa (Schrad.) . .
subhirsuta (Schum.) .
44 succosa (Berk.) . .
61 venosa (Pers.) 2 «
18 vesiculosa (Bull.). .
56 violacea Gore) * a
54 wiolacens (Cooke). ..
59 vivida (Nyl.) a o
17 awanthomela (Pers.) .
205 | ARacHNopeziza, Fckl.
49 aurelia (Pers.), Fekl. .
74 anne eee
60 mela, , Nyl. .
86 | ASCOBOLEZ, Boud.
95 | ASCOBOLUS, Pers. .
102 erugineus, Fries . .
205 albidus,Crouan . .
84 amethystinus, Phil. .°
47 argenteus, Curr. . °
68 atro-fuscus, Phil. and P|
97 Boudieri, Renny . a
61 brunneus, Boud. . .
94 brunneus, Cooke . .
206 earbonicola, Boud. *
99 carneus, Pers. . .
92 ciliatus, Berk. . .
53 cinereus, Crouan . .
91 citrinus, Cheval, . .
207 Caemansti, Boud. . .
94 eoceineus, Crouan >
109 consoctatus (B. and Br.)
63 Cookei,Crouan . -
62 crenulatus, Karst. .
103 Crouani, Cooke . .
106 erustaceus, Fckl.. .
52 crustaceus, Karst. a
87 cunicularius, Renny (R.
17 genteus) . e 5 é
72 denudatus, Fries . .
50 depauperatus, B. and Br.
66 difformis, Nyl. . .
67 furfuraceus, Pers.. .
89 glaber,Coemans . .

.
.

448

AsconoLus—continued.
glaber, Pers... é RS
granulatus, Fckl. s
granuliformis, Crouan
gegasporus, De Not. «
immersus, Pers. .
Jungermannia, B. and "Br.
Kerverni, Crouan .
lacteus, Cooke and Phil.
Leveilleanus, Renny .
macrosporus, Crouan .
marginatus, Schum. .
microsporus, B, and Br.

mineatus, Crouan
minutissimus, Boud.
myrtadeus, Karst,
neglectus, Boud. .
obscurus, Cooke .
ochraceus, Crouan
parvisporus (Renny)
Pelletiert, Crouan
Persoonii, Crouan
pilosus, Fries .
polysporus, Auers. 5

Saecharinus, Berk. and Cur:

sexdectmsporus, Crouan
subhirtus eens) .
testaceus, Berk. . -
Trifolti, Bernh. . a
vinosus, Berk.

.
.
T.

violasceus (Boud. 5 Phil. and Plow.

viridis, Curr.
viridulus, Phil. and Plow.
ASCOMYCOES, M. and D.
Alni, B. and Br. <
pullatus, B. and Br,
deformans, Berk, .
Juglandis, Berk. .
Ea Farlow)
Pruni (Tul
ia erry West,
Trientalis, Berk. .
turgidus US,
ASCOPHANTU) oe
argenteus (Curr.)

aurora (Grouan) .
Boudieri = enny). y
carneus (Pers.)

var. 6 cuniculi, “Bond.

.

var. y saccharinus (Berk.

Curr.

efliatus (herk.), B: Bond. .
cinereus (Crouan). 7
consociatus (B. and aed
cuniculi (Boud.) .
difformis (Boud.). .
granuliformis (Crouan’
lacteus (Cooke and Phil.
microsporus (B. and Br.
minutissimus, Boud. .
ochraceus (Crouan) .
pilosus (Fries)

var. ciliatus (B. and Br) .

saccharinus (Berk. and Curr.)

sexdecimsporus (Crouan)
subfuscus, Boud. .
testaceus (Moug.) °

INDEX.
PAGE
ASCOZONUB, gee
288 nny -
94 eunicularis, Renny(R. angenteus)
307 Leveilleanus, Renny .
293 Leveillei, Renny . ‘ e
292 parvisporus, Renny . .
102 purpurea (Fckl.), Cosme .
204 subhirtus, Renny . .
306 Woothopensis, Renny .
32
293 | BELONIDIUM, Mont. and Daf
287 culmicolum (Desm.) .
307 excelsius (Karst.) . : :
84 filisporum (Cooke) . 5 “
305 lacustre (Fries) . . o
299 minutissimum (Batsch . z
295 pullum, Phil. and Keitl . .
295 ventosum (Karat.) . . .
811 vexatum, De Not. S A e
303 | Brspora.
298 monilifera, Fckl. ose
88 | Boxervs.
312 albus, Batt. . . . A .
299 | BOUDIERA, Cooke . . °
310 areolata, ra and Phil, .
311 | BULGARIA, Fries...
302 inguinans .. . 5
310 pulla, Fries . . . e .
199 sarcoides, Fries . i - ‘i
as BULGARIEZ. .. .
239 | CALLORIA, Frise...
291 atro-virens, Fries . :
399 auricolor (Blox.) . fs
403 ehrysostigma (Fries) . .
401 coccinella (Sommf.) . ‘
401 Coniicola, Cooke and Phil. . A
404 cornea(B.andBr.) . . .
402 dentata ( Pers.) . . fi
400 diaphana (Sow.). . . E
403 fusarioides (Berk.) . .
405 inflatula (Karst. . .
404 lasia (B. and Br. a . .
303 Leightoni, Phil. ‘ ‘ ,
306 leucostigma (Fries) . ‘ 3
308 luteo-rubella (Ny). ri as
304 retrusa, Phil. and Plow ‘
309 rubella (Pers.) ‘ F
309 rubicola (Cooke and Phil, ) ees
steriicola (Cooke) . S .
310 ulcerata, Phil. and Plow. .
313 vinosa. (A. and S.) . .
308 ae a a iy oe
312 | CENA GLUM Ks
309 oe (Posy )s ane . .
310 Aucuparie (Pers.), Fries z
307 Cerasi (Pers.), Fries. fs
306 conspersum ( ries), Fekl. .
307 Erice, Fries .
305 Sascicularis (A. and 8. ), Gill
311 ferruginosum, Fries. .
312 Frazini (Schw.), Tul. . a
312 fuliginosum, F es é .
310 furfuracea (Fries), Gill. . .
311 ligustri (Tul.) Fckl. . . 5
305 pheosporum, Cooke . . .
310 Pruvastri, Fries . . :

CENANGIUM—continued.
po aoa A. and S.
ibis, Fries . ‘ .

Rudi, Berk. . .

Rubi, Fries . s .
seriatum, Fries. .
subnitidum, Cooke .
Cuneo Fries. 2.
phacidioides, Grev. _.
CHLOROSPLENIUM Fries .

gruginosum (“ Flo. Dan. ay, e
atro-virens, De Not. . .
versiforme (Pers. )

Cizorta, Fckl. <

amentacea, Fokl. . .
bolaris, Fckl. . .
caucus, Fckl, a i
Jjirma, Fck). . * .
rhizophila, Fckl. . °
CLavaria, Linn,
atra, Schrad. . . .
epiphylla, Dicks. . 5 *
ferruginea, Sow. . . z
minuta, Sow. .
mitrata viridis, Holms. . .

.

ophioglossoides, Bull. .
ophioglossoides, Holms.
phalloides, Bull. . . .
serpentina, Mull, . . °
simples hirsuta, Schmid. . e
spathulata, ‘*Flo. Dan.” . 3
viridis, “Flo. Dan.” . . .
Coccomyces, De Not.
Pint, Karst. . . . .
quadratus, Karst. . . .
CocuLearta, Cooke . . . .
Corrnez, Nees,
sarcoides, Tul. .
purpurea, Fekl, .
virescens, Tul. .
Crovanl, Fckl. . 2
cinnabarina, FckL.
humosa, ae m
miniata, Fck

CRUMENULA, De Not.
callunigena, Karet. . .
Ericee goes . .
Ledi (A. and S.° . ‘i ‘
urceoliformis, aret. . . .

Crrpropistus,
pallidus, Corda .« .
CEYPTOMYCES, Grev. a
versicolor, ** Eng. Flo.” . .
CRYPTOSPRERIA, Grev.

ag age var. 8 Hedere, Grev.

Cuponra, Fries.
circinans, Fckl. . : * 7
circinans, Quelet . . e .
Queletii, Fries «© «6 «6 «
Craruicuta, De Not.
vulgaris, De Not. . oe
Cyrtispora, Ehbrbg.
foliicola, Libh «5 + «© »

DaorymMyces.
succineus, Fries .
virescens, Fries * ee

INDEX.
PAGE
DasrscyPua, Fekl. . .
347 bicolor (Bull.), Fekl. 2!
349 , calycina (Schum.), Fekl. .
350 * cerina, Fckl.
3650 clandestina (Bull. 5s Fckl
348 virginea (Batsch.) Fckl.
347 | DERMATEA . .
Cerasi (Pers.) .
390 cinnamomea (D. C >.
146 dryina, Cooke . < Fi
147 Fagi, Phil. .
325 Fascicularis (A. and S. », Fd.
146 Frangule (Fries), Tul. é
118 Ta bere Fries é
120 ughtonii, Phil. .
124 livida, Berk. * 5
121 nectrioides, Phil. . .
123 prunastri, Fries . ~ .
144 rhabarbarina (Berk.) .
seriata, Tul. . .
35 Ulicis, Cooke . .
23 | DERMATES, Fries .
27 ar Karst.
29 Frangule (Fries), Karst.
32 DESMAZTERELLA, Lib.
37 acicola, Lib.
35 Dimvrexra, Phil. i . .
28 | Discrna, Cooke .
32 DISCOMYCETES, Fries :
36 | Dorawea.
30 Ranuneuli, Fries. . *
32 | Dureza, Tul.
compressa (A. and 8.), Tak
393 macrospora, Fckl. .
'395
55 | Exveta, Scop.
albida, Scheff. . A .
324 atra,“Flo. Dan.” *
324 ciliata, Scheff, . . .
325 clavata, Scheff. . . .
320 _ cochleata, Wielf. . . .
85 lubrica, Scop... a ;
92 mitra, “Flo. Dan.” . .
84 mitra, Scheff. . . :
356 nigricans, Scheff. a .
356 ochroleuca, Scheff. . .
357 ENCCELIA, Fries 7 .
357 Bloxami, Phil. . : .
358 fascicularis (A. and S.) .
furfuracea; (Fries) . a
333 | EPHELIS, Fries . 7 5
Rhinanthi, Phil. . . .
376 | Evusreera, Fries . . . .
arundinacea, Fries. 2
397 ilicis, Fries . . - .
Excrputa, Fries a . .
24 levigata, Fries . . .
24 Ranunculi, Rabh. i .
25 Rubi, Fries . . . :
Exoascous, Fckl.
140 Alni, De Bary . c
form strobilina, Thum. .
390 alnitorqua.
form Alni-incane, sagen .
bullatus, Fckl.
142 deformans, Fckl.
325 var. Potentille, Farlow .

2G

450

Exoascrs—continuea,

Pruni, Fckl. .

Tosquinetii, Sacc.
turgidus, Sadeb. .
Wiesnert, Rathey

Favrza, Sace.

congener (Ces.), soisin

Freeina, Fries.
Foucge.i, Bon,

Ribis, Bon. . .
Foncorprs, Mich.

acetabuliforme, Vail.
JSuscum, Buxb. .
pullum, Mich. .

Founeus,

cavernosus, Weinm.
minimus, Ray. .

Gavactinta, Cooke
GEOGLOSSUM, “Pers.

cucullatum, Fried
difforme, Fries »
glabrum, Pers. .
glutinosum, Pers.
hirsutum, Pers. .

microscopicum, Cooke and Peck

olivacewm, Pers. .
purpureum, Berk.
tremellosum, Cooke
viride, Pers. 2
viscosum, Pers. .

GeosorpHa, Cooke .
GLEosPoRIuM, Mont.

Notarissit, Mont..

Mont.

ucosporum,
avi ROMITRA, Fries .

esculenta, Fries

a
.
.
.
.
.

GYMN' OASCEZAS, Sadeb. .
pe ree Corda.

gigas (Kromb.), Cooke |

HELOTIUM, Fries

aciculare, Pets> 5

acuum ae 8.) Karst.

advent
e@ruginosum, Fries
agaricinum, Berk.
alboluteum, Karst.
albo-pune
alniellum (Nyl.) .
amenti, Karst. .
aquaticum, Curr. .

arenevaga “esm. ) Gill.

Aspegrenii, Fries .
aureum, Pers. .
badium, Phil. 5
buccina, Fries.
calyculus, Berk. .
caulicola, Karst. .-
cerinum, Karst. .

chrysostigma, (Fries), Karst,

circinans, Swartz
citrinum, Fries .
citrinum (Hedw.)
claro-flavum (Grev.)
clavatum, Kaist..

um, Bucknall

INDEX.
PAGE
Hexrorrum—continuea.
« 400 elavus (A. and at .
» 403 conigenum (Pers .
~ 404 coronatum, Karst. e
- 401 corticale (Pers.) . .
eribrosum, Berk. . .
cyathoideum (Bull.) .
» 199 eburnewm (Rob.) .
- 274 epiphyllum, Fries .
fagineum (Pers. Pk .
- 350 ferrugineum (Schum.).
. 14 fibuliforme (Bolt. ) .
. 44 firmum, Karst. . 5
60, 205 flavum (Klotzach) a
. graminium, Phil. ss
Grenseri, Auers. . .
» 6 herbarum (Pers.). .
. 25 Humuli(Lasch).
hyalinum (Pers. Kk arst.
- 69 ilicis, Phil. . 5
. 84 imberbe, Bull. . é
. 27 imberbis, Berk. . i
. $5 immutabile, Fckl. e
- 36 infundibulum, Fries .
. 38 laburni, B. and Br. .
» 34 lenticulare (Bull.) .
. 39 luteotum, Curr. . 7
- 33 lutescens, Berk. . a
. 33 Marchantiw, Berk. .
. 389 melleum, B. and Br. .
» 32 nigripes, Schum. . %
- 37 ochraceum (Grey.) .
- 75 pallescens (Pers,) e
papillare (Bull.), Gill.
+ 397 phascoides, Fries . a
» 399 phyllophilum (Desm.).
pileatum, Karst. . .
« 404 pineti, Pat. . . ‘i
. 8 politum, Phil. . .
° 8 pruinosum, Jerd. . e
. 9 punctiforme (Grev. > es
punctoideum, Karst. .
- 152 pygmeum, Karst. .
« 26 renisporum, lillis .
- 246 repandum, Phil. . a
. 133 rhodoleucum, Fries.
» 147 rhyzophilum, Fckl. .
- 170 rubi, Sprée_. . .
« 260 salicellum, Fries . ~
+ 163 sclerotioides, Berk. <
. 155 scoparium, Cooke. q
- 143 scrupulosum, Karst. .
- 134 scuiula, Karst. . .
. 186 var. nig Karst.
. 124 serotinum, Ber!
+ 139 sublateritium, E ‘and Br.
- 167 subsessile, Schum. .
- 170 subtile, Fries .
- 136 sulphuratum (Schum. y
- 237 testaceum, Berk. . .
. 234 tuba, Fries . . .
- 328 urtice, Karst. . *
. 24 versiforme, Berk. EF
- 157 vibrissioides, Peck =.
- 167 virgultorum, Karst. .
- 165 virgultorum, Patuil. .
. 141 xeroplasticum, Rehm .

HELVELLA, Linn. .
acicularis, Bull. e
agariciformis, Bolt.
albida, Pers. .
atra, Konig. .
aurea, Bolt. .
cinerea, Vill.
coccinea, Bolt.
cochleata, Bolt.
costata, Afz.
erispa, Fries .
elastica, Bull.
elastica, Rabh.
ephippium, Lév.
esculenta, Pers.
Jferitoria, Bolt.
JSdbuliformis, Bolt. .
Fuliginosa, Dicks. S
Jusca, Bull. . A e
gigas, Kromb. . is
glutinosus, Bull. . .
grandis,Cum. .

guepinioides, Berk. and Cooke

hybrida, Sow. . 2
infula, Scheeff. :
Klotzschiana, ' Corda .
lacunosa, Afz. . s
levis, Berg. . "i .
leucophea, Tratt. .
lutea, Berg. . 7 5
macropus, Karst. . .
mitra, Bull. fs
métya, Purt. . .
m_wachella, Fries .
monachella, Thum. .
nigra, Berg. . .
nigrescens, Pers. .
pallide- fuliginea, Fries
pezizoides, Fries . S
phalloides, Afz.

pulla, Holms. . .
Relhani,Sow. .
sarcoides, Dicks. .
serotinum, Berk. .
spadicea, Scheff. . y
spathularia, Sow. :
subcostata, Cooke 4
sulcata, Afz. a e
vesiculosa, Bolt. .

patella (Tode) Grev. .

Humanrta, Fckl. 5

carneo-sanguined, Fekl.

hemispherica (Wiggs Fel.

livida (Schum.), Fek’
scutellata (Linn.), Fekl.
setosa, Nees .

stercorea (Pers.), Fekl.
umbrorum, Fckl. o

Hyatopeziza, Fekl.

ciliaris (Schrad.), Fckh,
patula (Pers.), Fekl. .

advenula, Phil. .
albida (Rob.) * 5
var, Asculi .

HELVELLACEZ, Fries.
HETEROSPH.ZGRIA. Grev. .

HYMENO OSCYPHA, Fries

INDEX.

PAGE

e
wo

HyYsTRROPEZIZA,

HymEnoscyrna—continued.

amentacea (Balb.)
amenti (Batsch) .
aquatica (Curr.) . .
Aspepgrenii (Fries)
aurea (Pers.) .
bolaris (Batsch) .
Broomei, Phil. ,
Bryophila ae
cacaliz (Pers,)
ealyculus (Sow.) .
Candolleana, (Lev. )
caucus (Rebent.) .
ciboroides (Fries) .
clavata (Pers.) .
concolor, Phil, .
coronata (Bull.)

var. inflexa (Bolt, )
Curreyana (Berk, ) .
cyathoidea Cae

var. Epilobii ( joke)

var. Solani (Pers.)
Duriwana (Tul). .
eburnea (Rob.) . .
echinophila (Bull.) _.

eJectrina (Phil. and Plow.) . ;

emergens (oes and Phil. )
filipes, Phi. p
firma (Pers. ) . ‘
fructigena (Bull.) .
Hedwigii, Phil. §.
laburni (B. and Br. 2:
luteo-virescens (Ro Ve
lutescens (Hedw.
monilifera (Fckl.
nitidula (B. and Br.)
petiolorum (Rob. .
pseudo-tuberosa (Rehm)
Tenisporum ee)
rhizophila (Fckl.) .
Thodoleuca (Fries) .
sclerotiorum (Lib).
scutula (Pers, ) .
var. fucata, Phil. <
var. Lysimachie, Phil.
var. Menthe, Phil. .
var. ahem): Enil:
serotina (Pers.) .
sordida (Fckl.)
strobilina Fries) « :
subtile {ries} . .
subularis (Bull.) . ‘
tuba (Bolt.) . . .
tuberosa ( Bull. Joc
Urticee (Pers.) .
virgultorum (Wabi. er
abh. .
erumpens . .

LACHNEA Fries.

albo-spadicea carer) %
albotestacea (Desm.) .
arenicola (Lév.) .

var. Bloxami (Cooke)
aurelia (Pers.) .
barbata aemieey .
bicolor (Bull.)

452

Lacunga—continued.
brunnea (A, and 5.) .
bulbo-crinita, Phil. .
bulbosa ee . A
cerulea hes ‘
casia (Pers.) ne
ealycina (Schum.) .
calyculiformis (Schum.)
carneo-sanguinea (Fckl.)
caulicola eae ii
cerina (Pers.) ,
chavetia. (Lib.) .
ciliaris (Schrad, )! .
clandestina (Bull.) >. .
coccinea (Jacq.) . .
cocotina cooks) <

3 <

coprinaria (Coo!
corium (Weberb.) =
cornubiensis (B. and Be) .
corticalis (Pers.) .

cretea Cee

crucipila (Cooke and Phil. )
Dalmeniensis (Cooke) .
diminuta (Rob.). .
erecta (Sow.) . .
fulvo-coccinea, Phil, .
geaster (B, and Br.) .

Heat (Rehm)
elvelloides (Fries)
hemispherica (Wigg.)
hinulea (B. and Br.)
hirta (Schum.) .
hirto-coccinea (Phil. and Plow. e
var. fulvo-coccinea . .
hyalina (Pers.) » . . .
hybrida ie ame ee
lapidaria (Cooke)
livida (Schum.) 2 p is
macropus (Pers.) . ‘ : .
melastoma (Sow ) . . .

micacea (Pers.) y
nidulus (Kunze and Schum. *) .
nivea (Hedw.) . : .
popillaris (Bull, y e
patens (Karst.) . .

pineti (Batsch) . .
pygmea (Fries)- . . . o
tadiculata (Sow.) . . .
var, Percevalii, Phil. . .
Rose (Pers.) .
rubra (Cooke)
scutellata (Linn. y
sepulta jira.
setosa, Nees .
spadicea (Pers.)
stercorea (Fries
sulfurea Spore 3
Sumn ri ma (Cooke)
theleb: loides (A. and S,)
trechispora(B. and Br.) . .
umbrata Ceries) . . .
umbrorum (Fckl.) .
variecolor ae . .
virginea ts Hy .
vitellina ( Pers.)
Woolhopeia (Cooke and Phil. )

LAC INELLA, Fries. 230, 255

INDEX.

220
215

Lacunetta, Phil. .

acutipila (Katst.). .
var. letior (Karst.) .
acuum (A, and 8.)
albo-testacea (Desm. Sez
albo-violascens = Cyphella.
apala (B. and Br.)
aranea (De Not.
araneo-cincta, Phil,
Aspidit (Lib.), Fckl.
aspidiicola, B. and Br.
barbata (Kunze) .
var. f, pellita (Pers.
Berkelei (Blox.) .
bicolor ( Bull.)
brunneola (Desm. »)
var. fagicola, Phil,
ealycina, Schum. . Fi
var. Trevelyani, Cooke .
calyculeformis (Schum.) .
candidata (Cooke . a
canescens (Cooke .
caulicola (Fries) . .
cerina Pers.) . .
ciliaris (Schum.). .
citricolor (B. and Br.) .

eee we ee

clandestina (Bull.
pomeeer ks ooke
corticalis (Pers.) .
crucifera, Phil.

cupressi (Batsch) -
dematiicola (B. and Br.)
diminuta (Rob.) .
diplocarpa Curt.)
dumorum (Rob.)
echinulata Teh
episphxria (Mart. .
erythrostigma (B. and Br. Je
escharodes (B. and br.) .
filicea (Cooke and Phil.) .

flammea, A. and S.
fraxinicola (B. and Br. )
fugiens, Phil. €
fuscescens (Pers.) ‘
grisella, Cooke and Phil. A

hyalina (Pers. i, .
latebricola (Re! nm) ai
leuconica omer . .
luteola (Curr.) . ‘:
luzulina, Phil, 2.
melazantha (Fries) . .
Micacea, Pers, . a
nidulus (Schm. and Kunze) .
nivea (Hedw.) . . ,
nuda, Phil. . . . .
cwdema(Desm.). . .
palearum Desm.) as
papillaris(Bull.). .
patula(Pers.) . .
pellita, Pers, -

plano-umbilicata (rev. 8
Pissing, Quelet . .
erliis(A.and§.) . .
punctoidea (Karst.) . .
pygmea (Fries) .
resinaria (Cooke and Phil. ae .
rhabarbarina, Fries.

INDEX.
PAGE
LACHNELLA—continued. Leucotoma, Fekl.
Rhytisma, Phil. . é 250 ascoboloides, Rebm

rufo-olivacea (A. and S.) i rir)
Schumacheri (Fries) .

var. plumbea (Grev.) . » 262
scrupulosa (Karst.) . + 272
siparia (B. and Br. + 276
solfatera (Cooke and Ellis) « « 246
spadicea (Pers.) + 258
sporotricha (Oude) * « 266
Stevensoni (B. and Br.) ‘ « 235
Stockii (Cooke and Phil.) + 261
subtilissima (Cooke) . + 4 244
sulphurea (Pers.) > « 264

var. leucophea (Pera. ) . « 265
Tami(Desm.) . eos + 270

var. Humuli . « 270

trichodea (Phil. and Plow. ). + 234
tricolor(Sow) . .

variecolor (Fries) . . . « 259
virginea (Batsch) . . . » 248
Lacunuy, Karst. . . . « 236
acutipilum, Karst. 3 ¥ + 260
var. letior, Karst. . . « 252
bicolor (Bull.) _. . . + 249
calyculiformis aS chum.) . . 237
clandestina ae . . + 236
leucopheum. (Pers. _) « 265
nidulus (Schm, and Kunze) . 264
patens, Karst. . . « 239
sulfureum Seen 8 . . - 264
virgineum tcl si . « 248
Lamprosrora, De Not.
miniata, De Not.. ° ~ 84

LAQUEARIA, Fries) > | 372
spheralis, Fries’ . . - 372
Lecanrpion, Rabh.

atrum, Rabh. * . - 366
LEOTIA, Hill. . . » Qk
acicularis, Pers. . . . . 25
Bulliardi, Pers. . ‘ : . 28
chlorocephala, Schw. . z 23
circinans, Pers. . . ry » 24
clavus, Pers. : 5 e . B17
conica, Pers. 7 ai . 21
Dicksonii, Pers. . . - 28

+ gelatinosa, Bull. . . . - 23
gelatinosa, Hill. . é is . 23
Geoglossoides, Corda. . - 382
gracilis, Pers. xs . - 24
laricina, Pers. . . . . 28
lubrica, Pers. oy . s « 22
Ludwigii, Pers. . wes 8
lutea, Peck . . . . . 24
mitrula, Pers. . . . 2 2
nana, With. . ° . 5 « 26
pusilla, Nees ° . oo. BF
Queletii, Cooke . . . » 25
Stevensoni, Berk. . . « 24
truncorum, A. andS. . C . 816
uliginosa, Grev. . . « 28
LEPTOGLOSSUM, Cooke . 31
olivaceum ( Pers.) A . - 33
purpureum (Berk.) . . « 33
viride (Pers.) . ° . + 382

Lrrrorrocuiia, Karst.
radians, Karst. . ° . - 389
repandum, Karst. © 6 « 396

axillaris, ¥ekl. a .

coccineus, Fckl. .

convewula (Pers.), Pek

Hedwigii, ¥ckl. .

rutilans (Fries) Fr &l. .
Licuen.

atratus, Hedw. . .

sarcoides, Jacq. . .
Lycorerpon.

Equiseti, Hoffm. .

radiatum, Linn. . .

MERULEDS.

tubaformis, With .
MicrocLossum.

olivaceum (Pera ). .

viride . .
Microropia.

macropus (Purs.). «
scape 5 UV.

gigas, Li et ‘

oro alibera, Lév. . és

MITRULA, Fries :
abietis, Fries is :

* alba, Wor. Smith i‘
cucullata Cuatsch), Fries
Heydervia, Pers. .
minuta, Sow. .
palludosa, Fries .
pusilla, Fries .
viridis, Karst . ‘a

MOLLISTA, Fries.
albula, P
aquosa ( aad Br, )
Arctii, Phil. . s ‘i
arenevaga fasch,) o

aitimisiz (J.asch
arundinacea (D. C.)
aspidiicola (B. and Br. J
atrata (Pers.

var. Asparagi (Winter)

var. Mercurialis eee) a

var. Ginanthes, P

var. Rubi, Karst.

var. ulmariz (Lasch.)
atro-cinerea, joke)

atro-virens (Fries)
benesnada (‘Tul.) .
Bullii (Wor. Smit)
Cerastiorum (Wallr. ):
cinerea (Bastch) . 7

coceinella (Sommé. )
Curreyana, Phil. -
cyauites, Cooke and Phil.
dentata (Pers.)
diaphana (Sow.) .
Digitalina, Phil. .
dilutella (Fries) .
discolor (Mont.) .
ebuli (Fries), a
effugiens (Ro
elaphines (B. yen Br.

epithallina, Phil. and Plow.

erumpens (Grev. )
Eupblorbie (B. and Br. 5)
excelsior, Karat. . «

454

Mo.uisia—continued.
fallax (Desm.) .
filicum, Phil. a
flaveola (Cooke) .
foecunda, Phil. .
Susarioides (Berk.)
Fusca (Pers.) i
graminis (Desm.)
Grevillei (Berk.) .
hydnicola (B. and Br.)
ilicincola (B. and Br.) .
incarnata (Cooke)
jugosa, Phil. and Plow.
lacustris (Fries) . .
leucostigma (Fries)
lignicola, Phil. .
lurida hi) ‘

Mali (Rehm .
melatephra (Lasch.) .
micrometra (B. and Br.)
a la oe )

only ot) | : :

paulula (Ro!

connie B. and Br.)

pinet (Batsch) . .

lantaginis (Fckl.) .

Pteridis (Batsch).
eee (Wallr.) .
Riccia (Sacc.) . .
Rose ( tee 2,
rubella (P
Seecrnti Phil, and Plow.
spherioides (Desm.) .
straminum (B. and Br )
Teucrii(Fekl.) . *
Trifolii (Bernh.) . .
Typhe (Cooke) . .
urticicola, Phil. .« .
versicola (Desm.) 5
viburnicola (B. and Br.)
vinosa (A.andS.) .
vulgaris (Fries .
zanthostigma (. ries) .

MOouuisreLxa, Phil.

MORCHELLA, Dil *
acuminata, Kickx,
ceracea, Kromb. .
conica, Fries , .
conica, Pers. .
continua, Tratt. .
costata, Kunze and Schm.
crassipes, Pers.
crispa, Kromb.
deliciosa, Fries .
esculenta (Linn.) .
gigas, Pers. . a o
hybrida, Pers. . ‘i
patula,Cooke . .
patula, Tratt. as .
rigida, Kromb. . “i
rotunda, Pers, S .
semilibera, D.C. . .
Smithiana, Cooke. °

Myxosrorrom, Link.
paradoxum, De Not. «

INDEX.
PAGE
N-emacycios, Fckl.
«© 15 pinasiri, Fekl. e
» 191 NEOTIELLA, Cooke . °
» 192 | Nevia, Fries.
« 189 seriata, Lib. Gl e
« 331 Niprera, Fries . %
282 cinerea (Batsch), Fckl.
« 185 lacustris (Fries), Fekl.
- 180 Mercurialis, Fe! a
194 Riccia, Sace. . a
193 Teucrtt, Fckl, .
191
184 | Ocrospora, Hedw.
150 bulbosa, Hedw. . A
330 ettrina, Hedw. .
180 Fasciculata, Hedw. |
197 Sfungoidaster, Hedw. .
194 hemastigma, Hedw. .
189 hirta, Hedw. ‘ .
184 tutescens, Hedw. . id
179 nivea, Hedw. . 5
271 pustulata, Hedw. re
. 189 rhizophora, Hedw. a
« 186 scutellata, Hedw. . .
, 201 scutellata, Schum. e
- 195 tuberosa, Hedw. . .
« 183 | Orprom, Link.
256 bullatum, B. and Br. .
- 200 | OMBROPHILA, HE
175 atro-virens Pers.)
279 brunnea, Phil... .
334 ‘clavus (A. and S.)
192 purpurea (FckL.) .
187 rudis (Berk.) . .
+ 196 sarcoides (Jacq.) . .
- 176 strobilind (Fries) .
199 Sydowiana (Rehm) .
188 | Orxgitta, Fries.
ee ATE coccinella (Sommf.), Fries
- 195 ph arta arst. . 2
» 185 leucostig
« 833 var. re eauiinsbignc: Fries
. 835 leucostigma, Fries .
- 329 Uuteo-rubella ( pie ) >»
- 193 vinosa(A.andS.)° .
. 2 ) Oripxa, Pers. “
« cochleata (Bull, » Fekl.
. 4 ana om
. 4 onotica (Pers.) .
. 4
» 4! PATELLARTA, Fries
» 5 aquatica, Curr. .
é 5 atrata (Hedw.), Fries .
. 5 atro-alba, Cooke .
‘ 5 atro-vinosa, Blox. .
fi 3 color, Curr. * .
7 6 Bloxami, Berk. .
: vi Bloxami, Berk. .
- 7 citrina (Cheval. ), B. and Br.
i 6 clavispora, B. and Br. .
% 4 compressa (A. and 8.) .
»- 4 connivens (Fries) .
- q constipata, Blox. , .
. 5 discolor, Mont. . &
Fergussoni, B. and us ‘i
« 397 flexella (Fries) .

Hyperici, Phil. .

ee eee

PaTELLARIA—continued,
lecideola (Fries) . . *
lignyota, Fries
litoralis, Phil. and Plow.
livida, B. and Br. .
Lonicere, Phil.
macrospora Sky: ‘i
maura, Phil. and Plow.
melazantha, Fries
minutissima, Phil.
olivacea (Batsch)
pallida, Berk. .
palustris, Curr. .
parvula, Cooke .
proxima, B. and Br.
pulla, Fries . Ff
rhabarbarina, Berk. 2
Tubro-tingens, B. and Br. .
sanguinea (Pers.), Karst. .
subtectum, Cooke . .
vermifera, Phil. .

PATELLARIACEZ:, Fries |

Pettrpron, Kalch.

Oocardit, Kalch. . . 5
PERISTOMEALIS, Phil. . . .
Pezicuta, Tul.

Frangule, Tul. . m z

phyllophila, Karst i

rhabarbarina (Berk.), Tul.

- Rose (Berk.),Sacc. . .
PEZIZA, Dill. ; - i
abteties, Pers. . .
abieting .
var. olivaceo-umbrina, Fries

acetabulum, Linn .

acicularis, “ Eng. Flo. a

acicularis, Fries . -

acutipila, Karst. .

‘ acuum, A. and S..

Ade, Sadler .

eruginosa, ‘ Flo. “Dan.”

agaricina, Carm.. .

aggregata, Berk. . .

albida (Rob. che

albo-lutea, Nyl. . -
albo-spadicea, Grev.
albo-testacea, Desm.

albo-violascens, A. and S$. =ey-

phella
alnea, Pers. .
alniella, Nyl.
alutacea, Pers.
amentacea, Balb.
amentalis, Schum,
amenti, Batsch .
ammophila, Dr. and M.
amphibola (Mass.) N. yl.
ampliata, Pers. .«
amplissima, Fries r5
ancilis, Rehm

anomala, “ Eng. Flo.” = Solenia

apala, B. and Br. .
apophysata, Cooke and “Phil.
aquosa, B. and Br. . .
aranea, De Not. . «
avaneo-cincta, Phil. . .

INDEX. 455

PAGE

Peziza—continued.
araneosa, Bull. . . -
araneosa, Sow. . < . 92
Arctii, Phil. . ‘s

ardenensis, Mont. . - 143
arenevaga, Desm. . x ~ 186
arenicola, Lev. . a « 210

var. Blozami, Cooke f + 211

argillacea, Sow. . a B . 109

artemisie, Lasch. 5 . 188
ascoboloides, Berk. . . » 96
ascoboloides, Mont. . é ~ 93
ascoboloides, Schw. . . - 93
Aspegrenti, Fries . . 5 124
Asperagt, Wint. . 5 + 182
eaten yt fe . . . 85
aspidii, Li . « 246
cen B. ana Br.. . . 245
asterostoma, Phil. a « 267
atrata, Pera. ‘ - 181,188
form folizcola, Desm. és 184
var. Digitalina, Phil. . 190
var. B. ebult, Karst. . . 187
atrata, Wahl. . ‘ a 366
atratula, Nyl. . a si 181
atro-cinerea, Cooke . 176
atro-marginata, Phil. and Plow. 57
atro-rufa, Grev. . s - 216
atro-virens, Pers. . yo « 325
Aucuparie (Pers.),Grev. . © 354
aurantia, id... 56
var. atro-marginata, Phil. and
Plo 5 57
var. stipitata, Phil. 57
aurantiaca, Hartz. . ‘é « 56
aurea, Sow. . S . 5 157
aurelia, Pers. . . . « 280
auricolor, Blox. ‘ ‘ .» 334
auricula, Cooke . 5 Qi » 54
auricula, Scheff, . 7 . « 68
aurora, Crouan. . 7 f « 808
axillaris, Nees. 3 » 93
Babingtonii, Berk. Bi» » 1
badia, Pers. . : ‘ . - 58
barbata, Kunze . . . - 263
benesueda, Tul. . 2 - 174
Berkeleti, Blox. . . . 246, 270
bicolor, Bull. H 3 249
Bloxamii, B. and Br. . 3 « 408
Bloxami, Cooke . 211
bolaris, Batsch . . 124
bovina, Phil. 2 ‘ . 101
briophila, Fries . . . 125
Browniana, Blox. . . < + 408
brunnea, A. and s. ‘ « 209, 214
brunnea, Batsch . 5 . - 314
brunnea, Cooke 2 . 215
brunnee-atra, Desm. . +) 76
brunneola, Desm. é * 238
var. fagicola, Phil. . . 238
buccina, Fries. ‘: s. 170
bufonia, Pers. . . 75
bulbo-crinita, Phil. . . - 227
bulbosa (Hedw.) Nees. . + 205
‘bul , Rabb, . - 118, 146
Bulli, Smith . . = . 194
cacalice, Pers. . < _ . 145

INDEX.

456
PAGE
Pxz1za—continued.

cerulea, Bolt. . . . « 230
Casia, Pers. . . . - 277
caligata, Nyl. . . . - 62
rallosa, Bull. z 5 7 - 174
callunigena, Karst. . . 356
calycina, Nyl. . % 244, 249
calycina, Schum. . . 241
var. Trevelyana, Cooke | « 242
calyculeformis, Schum, . + 237
calyculus, Fries . , . « 136
candidata,Cooke. . « + 273
Candolliana, Lév. ‘ 7 - 14
canescens, Cooke . a = + 259
carbonaria, A. and S, z » 49
carbonigena, Berk. . + 103
carnea, Cooke and Phil. Z » 48
carnosissima, Polls IS . 103
carpini, Batsc! . . 123
caucus, Rebent. . . : 121
caulicola, Fries. . . 236
cerasi, Grev. e 3 . 341
cerast, Pers. . . 7 5 . 341
cerastiorum, Wallr. . . + 200
cerea, Sow. . 7 . . . 14
cerina, Pers... . . . + 233
cervaria, Phil. . . . - 100
Chailletii, Pers. . . + 371
Chateri, Smith . “ a » 89
Chavetio, Lib. . . . - 277
chrysophea, Pers. s . + 877
chrysopthalma, Gerard. A » 95
chrysostigma, Fries. . « 328
ciborioides, Fries . é . - 117
ciborium, Fries = - 45
var. nee B.andBr. | . 46
ciliaris, Schrad. . . a « 250
var. B. globulifera + 8 + 250
ciliata, Bull.: 5 a . « 224
ciliata, Hoffm. . . . + 223
cinerea, Batsch . ane - 173
cinnabarina, Schw. . e » 85
cinnamomea, D.C. . * . 342
citricolor, B. aud Br. . fs « 261
citrina, Batsch . ‘ ~ 157
clandestina, Bull, a 236
var. calyculiformis, Schum. . 237
var. caulicola, Fries . 236
var. latebricola (Rehm) . « 237
var. patens, Fries. . + 239
claro-fiava, Grev. 3 165

elavariarum, Desm. = ‘Spheria,
clavata, Pers. . . ‘ + 141
clavus, "A. and 8. a « 826
coccinea, Jacq. . © 2 « 203
coccinea, Scheff. . . . - 66
coccinea, Sow. . . . « 56
coceinella, Sommf, ° . - 329
cochleata, Batsch . ° . . 56
var.B . ee ge AB
cochleata, Bull. . - 60
cochleata, B. alutacea, Fries] 61
cochleata, Holms. : - 83
cocotina, Cooke . . * « 206
comitesse, Cooke . . . » 143
compressa, A. andS. , e + 364
conformés, Ny. ww. 189

Peziza—continued.

conigena, Pers.
coniicola, Cooke and Phil.
connivens, Fries .
constellatio, B. and Br.
convexula, Pers. .
coprinaria, Cooke
corallina, Cooke .
corium, Weberb. . .
cornea, B. and Br.
Cornubiensis, B. and Br.
coronaria, Jacq. . .
coronata, Bull. . i

corticalis, Pers. . a :

crenata, Bull.
erenulata, Fckl.
eretea, Cooke
cribrosa, Grev.
crispa, Sow. .
Crouani, Cooke
crucifera, Phil.

crucipila, Cooke and Phil.

culmicola, Desm. .
cupresst, Batsch
cupressina, Pera. .
cupularis, Linn, .

var. carbonaria, Weinn. ‘

Currei, Berk. . .
Curreiana, Tul. . .
Curreyana, Berk. .

Dalmeniensis, Cooke.
dematiecola, B. and Br.
denigrans, Fckl. .
dentata, Pers. .
denticulata, Schum.
depressa, Phil. .
depressula, Nyl.
dichroa, Holms. .
Digitalina, Phil. .
dilutella, Fries.
diminuta, Rob.
diplocarpa, Curr. .
domestica, Sow. .
domiciliama, Cooke
Desm..
Durieana, Tul. .
Hbuli, Karst. *
eburnea, Rob.
echinophila, Bull.
echinulata, Awd...
eclecta, Berk. and Cooke
affugiens, Rob. . .

Cyathoiden, Bull.. >

eC ee meee Se

electrina, Phil. and Plow.
emergens, Cooke and Phil.
epidendra, Bull. .
epiphragmidium, Phil.
epiphylla, Pers, . .

epispheria, Mart
epithallina, Phil. and Plow.
equina, *‘Flo, Dan.”

var. pilosa, Karat. .
Equiseti, Fries .
erecta, Sow. . ‘ .
ertobasis, Berk, . .
erumpens, Grev. . .

elaphines, B. and Br. . s

Prziza—continued.

erythrostigma, B. and Br.
escharodes, B. and Br. .
Euphorbia, B. and Br.
excelstor, Karst. .
exidiiformis, B. and Br.
eximia, Dr. and Lév. .
Sagicola, Phil. x
‘'aginea, Pers. ‘
fatlax,Desm. .
Fascicularis, ‘A. and S..
Serruginea, Schum. .
var. disciformis, Hoff.
Jibriliosa, Curr. .

Jibula, Bolt. = ‘fibutiformis

Jibuliformis, Fries
Jilicea, Cooke and Phil.
JSilieum, Phil. .
Filipes, Phil. =.
Jilispora, Cooke .
Jimbriata, Chaill.
Jirma, Pers. . ~
Jlammea, A. and S.
flava, Klotzsch .
flaveola, Cooke.
flavida, Phil. .
Jlavo- zh 6g es

Jeeunda, Phil. . .
Frazini, Schw. . .
Frazinicola, B. and Br.
friabilis, Phil. and Plow.
Friesii, Pers. .
Fructigena, Bull. .
var. virgultorum
Fucata, Phil. .
Fugiens, Phil. a
Julvo-coccinea, Phil.
Surfuracea, Fries
Jurva, Nyl. .
Susarioides, Berk.
fusca, Bolt. . .
fusca, Pers. . .
JSuscesens, Pers.
Fusispora, Berk.
var. aggregata, Berk.
var. Scotica, Rabh.
geaster, B. and Br.
geaster, Rabh.
glandicola, Doass.
glumaram, Desm.
Godroniana, Mont.
graminis, Desm.
grandis, Pers. .
granulata, Bull. .
gregaria, Rebm .
Grevillet. Berk. .
grisella, Cooke and Phi
hemastigma, Hedw.
Helminthosporii, Blox.
helotioides, Fries . .
helvelloides, Fries .
hemispherica, Wigg. .
var. minor, Nyl.
var. proximella, Karst.
hepatica, Batach . .
herbarum, Pers. .« .

er er ry

rr

PAGE

INDEX.

Prziza—corttinued.

hinulea, B. and Br. .
hirsuta Holme.
hirta, Schum.

hirto-coccinea, Phil. and Plow.

hispida, Scheif. .
hispida, Sow. a
hispidula, Schrad.
HAumilis, Desm.
humosa, B. and Br.
humosa, Fries i
humosa. Rehm.
Humuli, Lasch.
hyalina, Leight. .
hyalina, Pers. .
hybrida, Sow. 5 ’
hydnicola, B. and Br. .
hydnoidea, Sow. . .
HAyperici, Phil.
ilicincola, B. and Br.
tmberbis, Bull. . .
incarnata, Cooke .
indiscreta, Phil. and Plow.
inflatula, Karst. . .
inflexa, Bolt, . 7
infundibuliformis, Grev.
inquinans, Pers. .
insolita, Cooke .
isabellina, Wor. smith.
Johnstont, Berk, a

jubacea, Pers. o

Keithii, Phil. .
labellum, Bull. .
lacustris, Fries
letirubra, Cooke .
lanuginosa, Bull.

var. Sumneri, Berk.
lapidaria. Cooke .
laricis, Rehm sy. .
lasia, B. and Br. .
latebricola (Rehm)
Lecanora Schum.
lechithina . .
lecideola, Fries.
Ledi, A.andS. .
leiocarpa, Curr.
lenticularis, Bul i.
lentifera, Bolt. = = Cyathus

cosus.
leporina, Batsch . .
leporina, Rabh. . 2
leporina, Sow. . .
leptospora, B, and Br. .
leucoloma, Hedw. «
leucoloma, Karst. . .
leuconica, Cooke . .
leucophea, Pers. « .

leucostigma, Fries
leuculenta, Cooke
Lichenoides, Pers.
ligniaria, Karst.
lignyota, Fries.
linteicola, Phil. and Plow.
litoralis, Phil. and Plow.

458 INDEX.
PAGE
PEzIz4 — continued,

livida.Schum. .« «© .« « 221
lividula, Philh . . . 76
ida, Pers. si . . + 197
lutea, Reich. é ‘ . + 224
luteola, Curr. . » 247
luteo-niteus, B. and Br. e . 58
luteo-niteus. Couke . » 59
luteo-rubella, Nyl. _ a . 333
tuteo-virescens, Rob, . . + 121
lutescens, Hedw. . . o - 131
tuzulina, Phil. . ‘* . « 244
lycoperdioides, D.C. « . . 74
macrocalyx, Reiss. 5 a + 68
macrocalyz, Wor. Smith . - 68
macrocystis, Cuoke . . - 91
macropus, Pers. .« . - 16, 207
Mali, Rehm . . . « 194
marchantia, B. . . . + 164
marginata, Sow. . fs a « 380
maura, Phil. and Plow. a + 368
maurilabra, Cooke . “i « 94
melaloma, A. andS. . és - 109
melanotheja, Fries . + 370
melanozantha, Fries. . 5 + 266
melastoma, Sow. . . st +» 216
melatephra, Lasch. . . » 189
melazantha, Fries fs - 370
mellea, Cooke and pai . - 78
Menthe, Phil. . . » 137
Mereurialis, Fekl. a . 183
micacea, Pers. . + 269
micrometra, B. and Br. » 184
micropue, Pers, . . . 63
var. flavida, Phil. 64
miliaris, Wall. = M. epithalina 173
minutissima, Batsch . 149
misture, Phil. . . c 100
monilifera, Fckl.. . 130
muralis, Sow. . a . 48
mutabilis, Band Br... 278
nervisequia, Pers. . . 179
nidulus,Grev. . . . 264
nigra, Bull. . . 314

nigra, Sow, = P. clavari iarum,

-Desm.

nigro-punctata, Gerard . - 367
nitidula, B, and Br. . . « 142
nivea, Fries . 245
nivea, Sow, = virginea, Batsch. « 134
nuda, Phil. . . . + 247
ocellata, Pers. . . 374
ochracea, Boud. . . . « 62
ochracea, Grev. . . . - 169
ochracea, Karst. . . - 62
ochroleuca, Bolt. . . . « 123
adema,Desm. . . . + 271
Gnanthes, Phil. . . . + 182
olivacea, Batsch . . D - 361
ollaris, Fries . . . - 102
omphalodes, Buil. . c » 106
onotica, Pers. . 5 ~ 62
Oocardii (Kalch. ): - # + 98
palearum, Desm. . . . » 239
pallescens, Pers. . a . 158
pallido-virescens, Phil. e » 121
palustris, Rob. . . + 190

Peziza—continued.

papillaris, Bull. .
patellaria, Pers. .
patula, Pers. A

paulula, Rob.
pedicellata, Sow.
pein Pers.

.

reevali, Berk. and Cooke .

peristomealis, B. and Br.
Persoonti, Moug.

petaloidea, Coulee and Phil.

petiolorum, Rob. .
phascoides, Fries .
Phillipsii, Cooke . e
phlebophora, B. and Br.
phylophylla, Desm.* .
Piggotii, B. and Br. .
pilifera, Cooke. .
pineti, Batsch a
plano-umbilicata, Grev.
Plantaginis (Fckl.)
pleurota, Phil. .
plicata, Pers. .
plumbea, Grev. .
‘pluvialis, Cooke .
poculiformis, Hoffm.
pilymorpha, With.
Polytricht, Karst,
Polytrichi, Rabb.
Polytrichi, Schum.

postuma, Berk. and Wilson. i

prasina, Quelet . e
astri, Grev. .
Prumicola, Fckl. . *

psammophila, Berk. and Curt.

pseudo-tuberosa, Rehm
Pteridis, A.andS,
pulveracea, A. andS, .
pulverulenta, Auers. .
punctiformis, Grev. .
punctoidea, Karst. a
purpurascens, Pers,
pustulata, Pers. .
pygmea, Fries.
pyxidata, * Flo, Dan. om
radiata, Pers. . .
radicata, Holms. .
radiculata, Sow. . .
var. Percevali, Phil. .
radula, B. and Br.
rapula, Pers. ‘i

»
s

nd
S
=
i=]
8
oO
i=]
=

repanda, Wahl, ;
resing, Fries = Lecidea.

resinaria, Cooke and Phil.

reticulata, Grev. .
retrusa, Phil, and Plow.

rhabarbarina, Berk. .

rhabdosperma, B. and si
rhizopus, A. and S
rhodoleuca, Fries.
Rhytisma, Phil. .
Ribesia, Pers,
rivulosa, Quelet .
Rosa, Pers. . .
rosea, Schum, .

INDEX.
- PAGE
Peziza—continued.
Roumegueri, Karst. . . - 104
var. carnosissima,\ Phil. . « 104
rubella, Pers. . « 334
rubicola, Cooke and Phil. | 831
rubra, Cooke A . @ ~ 225
rudis, Berk. x . 322
rufo-olivacea, A. and S. a » 275
Tutilans, Fries. “ . . 89
salicaria, Pers. . . 5 « 174
salicella, Fries S - 160
salmonicola, B. and Br. : 98
sanguinea, Pers. . S 281
saniosa, Schrad. . . . . 70
sarcoides, Pers. . . . . $23
schizospora, Phil. . a a 28
Schumacheri, Fries. ‘ 262
var. plumbea, Grev. . & 262
Schweinitzit, Auers. ‘ » 239
Scirpt, Rabh. . oe) 152, 409
selerotii, Fckl. . 7 2 ~ 116
sclerotioides, Berk. . 170
sclerotiorum, Lib. 115
serupulosa, Karst. 272
scutellata, Batsch . 221
scutellata, Bolt. . : “ 224
scutellata, Cooke . Fs < 220
scutellata, Linn. . . S 223
scutula, Pers. . : 137
var. fucata, Phil. . % 137
var. Menthe, Phil. . 137
var. Rudbeckia, Phil. 7 138
semi-immersa, Karst. . < ~ 95
sepiatra, Cooke . a 2 79
sepulta, Fries. . 210
serotina, Pers. 125
sessilis, Sow. = a ‘Cyphella.
setosa, Nees . 5 « 406
sicula, Inzeng. . . . 68
siparia, B. and Br. 276
Smyrniz, Phil. . 192
Solani, Pers. rt 141
solfatera, poke and Hits : 247
sordida, Fckl. . A - 144
Sowerbei, Cooke . 7 7 ~ 92
Sowerbea, Pers. . . 5 - 203
spadicea, Fries. . . - 268
spherioides (Desm.) .« 5 187
sporotricha, Oud. . s 267
spurcata, Pers. . rn r 72
stercoraita, Bull. . 290
stercorea. Fries . 224
stercorea, Per-. . . . » 224
stereicola, Cooke . A % « 328
stcrigmatizans, Phil. . * #0
Stevensoni, B. and Br. . < 235
stipitata, Bull. . A 207
Stockii, Cooke and Phil. . 261
straminum, B, and Br. 196
striata, Fries , 141
strigosa, Fries = Excipula str brig: Sa.
strobilina, Fries . é 133
subbirsuta, Schum. 108
var. macrocystis, Cooke 91
sublicia, Holms. . .« 207
subrepanda, Cooke and Phil, - 80
sublilis, Fries. . 2 » 132

* Peziza—continued.

subtilissima, Cooke
subularis, Bull. .
subulata, Schum.
subulipes, Pers, .
succosa, Berk. .
sulphurata, Schum.
sulphurea, Pers. .

var. leucophea, Pers.

sulphureo-cesia, Schum.

Sumneriana, Cooke
Tami, Desm. fs
tectoria, Cooke .
testacea, Moug. .
Teucret, Fckl. .

theleboloides, A. and s.

“var. rubra, Cooke
thejocroa, Pers. .
tomipora, Phil. .
trachycarpa, Curr.
trechispora, B, and Br.
frevelyana, Cooke

trichodea, Phil. and Plow.

tricolor, Sow. :
Pifolio ‘um, Lib.
tripolii, B. and Br.
truncatula, Rebent.
tuba, Bilt. . a
tuba, Fries . .
tuberosa, Bull. .
Typhe, Cooke .

ulcerata, Phil. and a Plow.

ulmarie, Lasch.

umbrata, Cooke .
umbrata, Fries.
umbrina, Pers. .
umbrorum, Fckl. .
uwmbrosa, Fries.

urceoliformis, Karst. .

undata, Wor. Smith
unicisa, Peck =.
Ortice, Pers. .
urticiola, Phil. .
vartecolor, Fries .
vectis, B, and Br. .
venosa, Cooke
venosa, Pers. is
venosa, Weberb. .
ventosa, Karst. .
versicolor, Desm. .
versiformis, Pers.
var, livida, Fries
vesiculosa, Bull.
var. cerea, Rehm
vewata, Karst. .

viburnicola, B. and Br.

villosa, Pers, = Cyphella.

vinosa, A. and S..
violacea, Pers. .
violascens, Cooke
virginea, Batsch .
virguitorum, Fries
var, B. fructigena
virgultorum, Vahl.
viridaria, B. and Br.
viridis, Bolt. .
vitellina, Pers.

460 INDEX.

PAGE
Peziza—continued.
vivida, Nyl.. . e - 88
vulcanalis, Peck . . . . - AT
vulgaris, Fries. - 3836
var. . diaphana, Sow. » 3836
Wauchii, Grev. . . « 280
Willkommit, Hartig. . » 241
Woothopeia, Cooke and Phil. + 215
Wrightii, Berk. . . ‘ - 86
xanthomela, Pers. . . - oF
axanthostigma, Fries. ‘ « 329
PEZIZZ =. ee «641
PEZIZELLA.
mali, Rehm. . oe - 194
sordida, Fckl, . 5 . - 144
Pezizvua . . . . - 299
crustacea, Karat. . a . « 299
PHACIDIACE . . . 887
PHACIDIOM, Fries . : + 887
abietinum, Schinidt . a » 892
Arctostaphyli, Karst. a » 391
Calthe, Phil. F » 891
carbonaceum, Fries ° . 396

Cerastiorum, Gill. 5 5 + 200

coronatum, Fries . . Fi . 394
dentatum, Schmidt . . . 393
llicis, Lib. i 390
Lauro-cerast, Desm, . + 397
leptidium, Fries . . 395

. 200

minutissimum, Awd.

multivalve, Fries

patella, Fries .

Pini (A. and S.), Fries
dratum, Schmidt .

radians, Rob. 7 .

Ranunculi, Cooke .

litigiosum, Rob...

repandum, Fries .
Rubi, Fries .
simulatum, B. and Br.
striatum, Phil. and Plow. .
tetrasporum, Phil, and Rem
Trifolii (Bernh.) . <i
Vaccinii, Fries ©. . .
valvatum, Schmidt . .
PHALLUS.
conicus, “Flo. Dan.” .
crassipes, Vente. .
esculentus, Linn. . .
gigas, Batsch ° .
monachella, Scop. 5

i)
‘7D
a

patulus, Gled.

rete, Batsch . .

squamosus, Vente.
PHALOBOLETUS.

esculentus, Mich. . . . 6,7
Purarra.

ry
~

albida (Rob. * 6 © + 138
aranea (De Not.) . . + 272
Aspegrenii (Fries) . . « 124
bryophila (Fries) . . . « 125
cacalie (Pers.) . . . 145
calyculus (Sow.) . ai. (a 136
capillipes, Quelet . < . « 116
caucus (Rebent.). . . « 121
ciborioides (Fries) . . - 118
soronata (Bull.) . . . + 127

PHIALIA—continued.
ettrina (Hedw.) .
clavata (Pers.)
culmicola (Desm. 5
eupressina (Batsch)
Curreyana (Berk,)
cyathoidea (Buil.}
echinophila (Bull.)
JSirma (Pers. .
Sructigena (Bull.)
fusca (Pers,

lutescens (Hedw.)
Persoonii (Moug.)
petiolorum ob)
phyllophila (Desm.)
sanguinea (Pers.)
sclerotiorum (Lib.)
Scutula (Pers.) «
subtile (Fries) .
subularis (Bull, *
tuba (Bolt.) .
tuberosa (Bull. >)
versicolor (Desm. 5
PHLYCTIDIUM.
Ranunculi, Wallr.
PARAGMOPHORA.
amphibola, Mass. .
Pirorrza, Sace.
vectis ‘(B. and Br. 5
PISTILLARIA.
micans, “Eng. Flo.”
PITHYA.
eupressina, Fckl.
PLECTANEA.
coccinea (Jacq.) .
melastoma (Sow. y
Pricartia, Fekl.
badia, Fckl. .
cerea, Fckt. . .
foveata, Fckl, .
pustulata, Fekl. .
repanda, Fckl. .
reticulata, Fckl. .
PROPOLIS, Fries
angulosa, Karst. .
chrysophza (Pers.

)
faginea (Schmidt), Karst.

hysterioides (Desm.), Fckl. .

Lecanora (Schum.
Var. Populi, De
nivea, Fries .
phacidioides Fries
Populi, De Not. .
beet (B. and Br.).
ies .
omnes ‘Gommf, ya

var. Strobilina, Desm,

Rosex, Fekl. . .
versicolor, Fries .
PsEUDO-HELOTIUM, Fckl.
hyalinum, Fckl. .
pinett, Fckl. x
aig shiners Fekl.
Jungermannia, Fcki.

Trifolis (Bernh.), Fckl.

PSILOPEZIA Berk.
Babin :tonii, Berk. ‘
myrothecioides, B. and Br.

Pcsrunarta, Cooke . .
cupularis, Fekl. .
poset us, Feckl. . .

sa, Fokl. . e

Deane eee .
atra, Fckl. . 2
Chaitletit, Fckl. .
saci ot Fekl.
Rubi (Fries), Rehm

Pyronema, Fckl.
confluens, Tul. .
Marianum, Carus
melalomum, Fckl.
omphalodes, Fckl.
subhirsutum, Fckl.

RHIZINA, Fries .
laevigata, Fries 3 .
nigro-olivacea, Curr. .
undulata, Fries . .

RuIZzOPODELLA, Cooke .

Ruytisma, Fries.
radicalis, Cooke . .

RYPAROBIUS, Boud.
argenteus (B. and Br.).
Cookei (Crouan), Boud.
Crouani(Renny). .
dubius, Boud. .
Leveilleanus (Ri ee enny) .
parvisporus (Renny) .
subhirtus (Renny) .
Woolhopensis, Renny .

SACCOBOLUS, Boud.
cesariatus, Renny e
depauperatus (B. and Br.)
Kerverni (Crouan), Boud.
neglectus, Boud. . .
obscurus (Cooke). .
violaceus, Boud. . .

SarcopEa, Karst.

Sarcoides *urnalis .

Sarcoscyrna, Fries .

SCHMITZOMIA, Fries,

annulata (Cooke and Phil.)

arundinacea (Pers.)__.
atro-alba, Phil. and Plow.
Berkeleyana, Dr. and Toke
decipiens, Karst.
nivea (Pers.), De Not. »
radiata (Linn.)
ScLERODEERIS (Fries), De Not.
amphibola (Mas.) Gill.
Fuliginosa pie Karst.
ribesia Foe arst. «
Scierorinia, Fek
Batschiana, Zo
Candoli lama (ey a Fok
Libertiana, Fckl.
Sonteltinta: Cooke 5
tuberosa (Hedw.), Fckl.
ScuTELLmn1A, Cooke . e
Seprutaria, Cooke
SPATHULARIA, Pers
erispa, Corda .

INDEX. 461
PAGE PAGE
110 | SraTHuLARta--continued.
110 Flava, Swartz : é < 30
ll flavida, Pers. 2 . . 30
71 | Sprzria.
47 arbuti, Sow. a + 391
63 Aucuparia, Pers. . . 354
74 bifrons, Sow. “ . 390
178 concava, Sow. . 398
181 craterium, “ Eng. Flo.” 3917
871 patella, Pers. o < 371
1384 penetrans, a. patella, Tode ‘ 371
350 Ribesia, Link... ‘ 350
105 | SpHmRozo.us.
106 rosaceus, Tode . 380
306 | Sprincraina, Fries. = Lichen,
lo9 | STAMNARIA, Fekl.. . + 821
106 Persoonii (Moug.) . + 321
108 | STEGIA, Fries 7... « 398
40 arundinacea, a . 77
41 ilicis, Fries . . 398
361 ericrE a. Fries | . 372
49 | STICTIS, Pers. . » 381
216 annulate, Cooke and Phil. . 380
arundinacea, Pers. . . . 881
358 Berkeleyana, Dr. and Lév. . 379
298 chrysophea, Pers. . 377
301 Fagicola, Phil. . hi . 385
299 graminum, Desm. . 381, 386
300 hysterioides, Desm. 384
300 Lecamora, Fries . 374
301 var. Pyri, B. and Br. 375
303 lichenicola, Mont. . 382
302 longa, Fries . . . 386
302 microstoma, Carm, . 383
nivea, Pers. . . fe 381
ocellata, Fries. 374
297 pallida, Pers. a 383
296 paratlela, Fries . 336
294 phacidioides, Fries. 391
295 Pteridina (Phil. and Buck. ). 384
295 punctiformis, Pers. . 386
296 radiata, Pers, s i 380
rhodoleuca, Sommf. 375
324 var. strobilina, Desm. » 875
202 seriata, Lib. . . . F + 385
378 spheralis, Fries . . 2 372
379 versicolor, Fries « 376
380 var. Strobilina, Desm. 375
379 Wauchii, Berk.=Rhytisma mazi-
379 mum.
379
381 TAPESIA (Pers. » lis ‘ 276
380 aurelia, Pers. 230
cesia (Pers.) or) 277
352 var. chavetia . . » 277
384 chavetie, Lib. ry a OTT
350 eriobasis (Berk.) . 273
112 fusca (Pers.) - 282
119 Jobhnstoni, Berk. . 282
114 mutabilis ‘a. and Br.) . . 270
115 rhabdosperma (B. and Br.) . » 280
217 Rose (Pers.) - 279
113 var. Prunicola (Fekl. ) 271
217 sanguinea (Pers.). ‘ 289
208 vartecolor, Fckl. . - 259
30 TAPHRINA, Tul.
30 alnitorqua, Tul. . a . + 403

462

TAPrHRINA—continued,

THECOTHEUS
Pelletieri (Crouan), Bo
TREMELLA, Linn.
sarcoides, With. . .
TRIOHOPEZIZA, Fekl.
aranea (De Not.),
Aspidit (Lib.), kl. .
nivea (Hedw. ee
pulveracea, Fi
sulphurea Cries), “Fekl.
TricHoscypHa, Cooke
TROCHILA, Fries
Buxi, Capron .
eraterium, Fries .
Lauro-cerasi (Desm )
phacidioides, Karst.
radians, De Not.
Rubi, De Not. .
salicaria, De Not.
TYMPANIS, Toda
alnea (Pers,), Fries
amphibola (Mass. )
Aucuparie hag )
conspersa, Fries .
Frangule, Fries ,
Fraxini (Schwz.) .

.
.
.
Tarzetra, Cooke Z a
ud,

Sacc.

Ce CC ee ae ae ee ee ee YT ee ee

INDEX.
PAGE
Tysrpanis—continued.
402 laracina (res FekL.) . .
401 ligustri, » .
400 obtexta, Walle. : .
402 var. pezizeformis, Wallr.
46 patella, Wallr. .
297 Ridis, Wallr. wy 8
297 saligna, Fries . 3
324 | Verurarta, De Not.
‘o-oltvacea, A. and S.
272 | VERPA, Swartz...
246 conica, "Swartz. . .
245 digitaliformis, Pers. .
267 rufipes, Phil. 1 4
264 speciosa, Vitt. .
126 | VIBRISSEA. Fries.
396 coronata, Phil.
397 Fergussoni (B. and Br. 5
396 Guernisaci, Crouan
397 leptospora ‘B. and Br.)
391 Margarita, White. .
389 microscopica, B. and Br.
350 truncorum, A, andS, .
174 turbinata, Phil. , A
351
355 Xytoma, Pers,
352 arundinaceum, D.C. .
364 concava, Grev. .
354 erumpens, Fries . .
351 herbarum, A. andS, .
355 Pini,A.andS. .

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