as ented * _ he tN ae Ot it Sat ctyaana naan oc) Pe Da seer a i yinitwerneetce MEN Tehri ate ‘ tereasuitny ncaa re abet Thats ba Sree ast brat : ons + beta he Sate oe Sain aes pueihiem eae Niet tet * ine ei} ae ae +3 nite ot het io ede weeny beets ete Miyt pein i Pel 3 pothesis srr enero i rab RA Ie ase bel peer Hig fen Leesa nok sta See: ef - : HY Pe SUN gee ¥ ieee 1 ry ol Re tag ay beae ty ; ; Ay) Wee ee Oy BO peepee eb r ae* 15 oh ee peters ar shat ; 4 abe are ye * pea fs . f a payee phi HPT pepe ee pent ese ’ ee gga a pa byte ae adke! 4 tye a 25, Pokal fee ee ere fupseennr es? eat tecs i Mn ieee ia hein rats pee fn eens “92 ie heer th Piet eral 4 Fpiie H i dessa DF per cate br erent ita a Miia hits a: er “teh as ara eae minyeeeeriitin cathe hati teh FT ee en coeee ht een al Deterrent fisedtpera parte heals ed us " Re seater are AE Pinte) at st ‘ f i , rs Gitta yashnmi aie it i ” v Bagram entire wh Silty Senet 4 Aa edie jonas neni beads ALBERT R. MANN LIBRARY AT CORNELL UNIVERSITY 3 1924 051 160 517 Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924051160517 AN ILLUSTRATED. DescrIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE COLEOPTERA OR BEETLES (EXCLUSIVE OF THE RHYNCHOPHORA) KNOwN TO OccuR IN INDIANA Wiru BietioGRAPHY AND Descriprions oF New SPECIES By W. S. BLaTcHLey INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA AGRICDLTT 6 ead DIBRARYT <—pa> -* INDIANAPOLIS: THE NATURE PUBLISHING (0. INTRODUCTION. uf all the many forms of life which exist upon the surface of this old earth of ours, and which are our daily companions for good or ill during our few years’ stay thereon, none are more numerous or less known than insects. Not only are they abundant as indi- viduals, but the number of species is many fold greater than that of all other animals taken together. Both on Jand and in water they occur by millions, yet the life history of even the house-fly is known to but few. Many are the worst enemies with which the farmer has to contend, while others are to him worth far more than their weight in gold, yet to most farmers the beneficial and the injurious are as one, because he has no way of telling them apart. Not only from his wheat and corn, his grass and trees, his fruit and vege- tables do the injurious ones take toll, but on his carpets, his clothes and even his blood they prey. More than six hundred millions of dollars is the average loss they entail to agriculture in the United States alone each vear, yet not one farmer in thirty knows the names of a score of different kinds. The reason of this ignorance is not hard to understand. The first thing which a boy, a girl, or even a man or woman asks about something is, ‘‘What is it?’’? ‘‘What is its name?’’ If nobody can tell them its name or even its position among and relation to .the other things about them, they soon forget and ignore it for all time to come, unless by its preying upon them or on their property it causes such harm or loss as to cause them to give it a name of their own. Some of their neighbors may also suffer loss or injury by the same form of life and they may give it a wholly different name. This may continue until the same thing, insect or whatsoever it be. may have half a dozen or more common names. In time. however, a scientist, or one with more knowledge of that particular group of living things, comes along and recognizes that what is known by one name in one place is the same thing called by another name some- where else. He assigns a technical name, provided one has not al- ready been given it by some other scientist, and shows its place among and relation to all of its kind. If he ean do this in such a way that the boy or girl, or the farmer ean understand, they will, in future, he able to use the right name when talking or writing about that particular object of nature. ; (2) NEED OF LITERATURE ON COLEOPTERA. 3 The name, the place which it holds among other objects of na- ture, its relation to them and through them to mankind, is there- fore the primary or essential knowledge concerning any bird, insect or plant which the true student of nature should desire. He can get the name and its place in nature only through books prepared by the scientist, and if these are lacking his study of nature is most seriously handicapped. For 25 years the collecting and study of the beetles of Indiana has been one of the hobbies to which I have given much spare time. Happiest those days in which I have wandered far and wide through field and woodland, adding here and there some specimen before un- seen, noting now and again some life habit, some food-plant or place of retreat, before unobserved. Ever and always, however, have I felt the need of some one work to which I could refer, some manual or descriptive list by which I could locate the name and place of the specimens at hand. Since the beetles or Coleoptera form one of the most abundant and attractive groups of insects and are easily collected and preserved, thev would furnish a favorite subject for study, especially in high schools, could they only be easily named and placed. But the literature through which their original de- scriptions are scattered comprises hundreds of papers and books, many of which have been out of print for vears. The student, therefore, who becomes interested and attempts their study soon gives it up as a hopeless task, unless he has access for reference to some large named collection, or can secure aid from specialists in some locality where such collection is located. Having, as above stated, experienced for years the need of a descriptive work which included the species found in Indiana and adjoining States. and having possessed myself at much cost and labor with most of the scattered literature pertaining to the group, J have prepared the present paper, not for specialists in Coleoptera, but for beginners, a few of whom, I trust, may in time become enough interested to devote their lives to the ever-pleasing, health-giving and inspirine study of Nature. That many mistakes have crept into it there is no doubt, but it is offered as the best that I can give with the facili- ties at hand. The paper is in very great part based upon species which I have seen from Indiana. These are in my private collection, or if not there represented, are in the collections of A. B. Wolcott of Chicago, R. L. Webster of Ames, Iowa, or Chas. Dury of Cincinnati, who have loaned me specimens from time tv time. In a very few in- 4 COLEOPTERA OF INDIANA. stances, all of which are noted in the text, I have included well recognized species described by Thomas Say from Indiana, ex- amples of which I have not seen from the State. Mr. Say was, from Sag ON pote ee, ec cp 2O%r | Mia 2 1 LAGRANGE Isr eGeen \ ee ns orey [ELKHART | I or st sosern | Se i UAT ne +- Saeco d ne ae EM ea ANIA. EPO b cacapas “i ~*~ i De KALB i t 1 Aibion (tee jmarsnace | 3% Lee nS Loa | nosgidshe [ogg ! a ' Golumbin City = i jwritcey f | ab (ereree 4 i ( Nu § gunmngion I~ = I wapasn H 4 i ae mal FE hnuwrimeron) oe IweLgs, ADAMS ! | Blutnon & i 1 i xx! | Keeler: m2 pee Cmdda” lala i BENTON; fo Dejph 1 eee i P : Harton? an ane GRANT buckrorD| ee IY fret eed oe ual jsetereem | 7 lo RK < Si ne a eae rhc LINTON q rihe rele 4 » i Se ee Frankfort H Tipton i = (esr cls, eat jDecnwia e \ Wehet emer : inaoison | Mundie | nanodurn tevenan | maria on | And mao i BO &N E_ | Mblemlle i i Leone 32) ae Jot ah af Sa ! F] | ae ie Sh Ran iin nged K vee HENORICKS ne * se a ‘ Domalte | IND) ioe | to anes. Lbery i} i ih 1 ae cite i a 7; RUSH | raveTTe; UNION i 5 irae? "| TAYETR | ! ‘ Ml eee i (9) I SHELBY | pen eee 4 i =, : (ranted es i | - | \ {Sion mew . [ BRO WN -BARTHOL! INDIANA, a aoe we ; wf Hi HARRISON eo xeee 29. Ba 30 Mites Sketch map of Indiana, showing the life zones of the State and the localities (marked by x’s) in which collecting has been done. The Upper Austral life zone, represented by the Caro- linian fauna, covers the entire State, overlapping the Transition Tlife zone represented by the Alleghanian fauna in the north and the Lower Austral life zone,*represented by the Austro- riparian fauna in the south. 7 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS OF AID RECEIVED. a) 1820 to 1834, the most noted of American Entomologists, and for much of that time resided at New Harmony, Posey County, Indi- ana, where much of his writing was done and where, doubtless, most of his species mentioned as ‘‘from Indiana’’ were taken. From the accompanying map of the State it will be seen that the collection has been made from so many different localities as to make it a fairly representative one. Wherever a species has been taken in more than five widely separated counties they are not mentioned in detail, but the phrases ‘‘throughout the State,’’ ‘‘throughout the northern half of the State,’’ ete., are used. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.—To one situated, as I have been, far from any great reference collection, such a paper would not have been possible had it not been for the aid, usually freely given,* which I have received from noted students and specialists in Coleoptera, throughout the country. To many of these, specimens have been sent for examination, verification or naming. Those to whom espe- cial acknowledgments are due are: Chas. Dury, of Cincinnati, one of the most enthusiastic and successful of naturalists, who has col- lected beetles for 40 years, and yet seems good for 40 more. He has helped me out with many a species and his collection has added a number to my list from the State. Chas. Liebeck, of Philadelphia, compared and verified many specimens with those in the Horn collection in that city. Frederick Blanchard, of Tyngsboro, Massa- chusetts, one of the most careful and experienced of American Cole- opterists, passed the Haliplide in review and compared many other species with the Leconte types at Harvard. H.C. Fall and Dr. A. Fenyes, both of Pasadena, California, are specialists, respectively, of Ptinide and Aleocharine, and both have given me much aid in those groups. Mr. Fall has also helped me with some of the Silph- ide and Staphylinide. Chas. W. Leng of New York City has passed in review the species of Cychrus and Donacia, an.) also veri- fied numerous other species which have been sent him from time to time. John B. Smith of New Brunswick, New Jersey, veiified all *An er.ception must be made of a well known Coleopterist whose collection doubtless contains many specimens from Indiana, When I asked the privilege of looking through it for the purpose of making notes on these, he wrote: ‘I can not admit anyone to my collec- tions for the purpose mentioned, for my specimens are delicately mounted and in places over- crowded, and the resulting damage would be great.’’ When also asked to verify some speci- meas of Phalacride, he wrote: ‘Il am too busy to undertake the identification of small species in groups which I have monographed. I have made my descriptions clear and it seems to me that you can make the identifications with the expenditure of your own time. It is surely not a source of much satisfaction to me to find that a monograph, upon which I have put much time and labor, will not serve the purpose for which it was intended, i. e., to permit others to identify their material.” 6 COLEOPTERA OTF INDTANA. doubtful specimens of Mordellide, of which family he has made a. special study. Frederick Knab of the U. 8. National Museum at Washington went over the MSS. and doubtful species of Chryso- melide, and also compared for me many other species with the types in the museum collection. A. B. Wolcott of the Field Mu- seum of Natural History, Chicago, a specialist in Cleride, prepared the MSS. for that family. Mr. Wolcott has also collected for years in the northern part of Lake County, Indiana, especially in the sand-dune region bordering Lake Michigan. All his Indiana ma- terial was turned over to me for examination and furnished many species which would otherwise not have been recorded from the State. J. D. Hood of Urbana, Illinois, who has made a special study of the sexual organs of Lachnosterna, passed in review my species of that genus. Chas. A. Hart of the Illinois Museum of Natural History, has kindly secured for me the loan of numerous volumes from the library of that museum. To Dr. E. A. Schwarz of Washington, D. C., and H. F. Wickham of Iowa City, Iowa, I am also indebted for favors shown. Nor must I forget the memory of Dr. F. Stein of Indianapolis, with whom I spent many an hour going over and classifying speci- mens. Dr. Stein had a large and varied assortment of beetles from different parts of the United States, a portion of which came into my hands some years after his death. The pin labels bearing the abbreviation ‘‘Ind.’’ were, however, few, and the dates of capture wholly lacking. For that reason very few, if any, of his specimens have been considered in the present list, though doubtless many of the unlabeled ones came from this State. Harold Morrison of Indianapolis, (. C. Deam and E. B. William- son of Bluffton, Dr. Robert Hessler of Logansport, and Mr. and Mrs. Max Ellis of Bloomington, have, from time to time, taken and turned over to me numerous specimens, which have either added to the species’of the collection or aided much in showing their distribu- tion within the State. RELATION OF A BEETLE TO OTHER ANIMALS. If we compare the body of a beetle with that of any vertebrate animal, as a fish, bird or squirrel, we find at once great and import- ant differences. The vertebrate is an animal with an inner bony skeleton, two pairs of jointed limbs or appendages, and breathes by means of lungs or gills, according as it dwells in air or water. The THE CLASSES OF ARTHROPODA. 7 beetle is an animal which has no inner skeleton or bones whatever, but only a hard crust on the surface which surrounds the muscles and vital organs. This crust is composed of separate rings, placed end to end. Animals whose bodies are thus composed of rings are called Ar- ticulata. They are in turn divided into two great groups, the Vermes and the Arthropoda. The Vermes (worms) have all the rings composing the body very nearly alike, not hardened into an outer crust or exoskeleton, and without paired limbs which are jointed. The Arthropods have a part of the rings bearing paired jointed appendages, and have the cuticle or outer surface consisting largely of a peculiar substance called ‘‘chitin,’’ which is secreted or exuded by the cells which compose the cuticle. Chitin itself is in- soluble and is not composed of cells, but consists of fine, irregular plates. It hardens the cuticle and thus aids the latter in protecting the delicate vital organs within, and also in forming a framework to which the muscles of movement may be attached. Between the joints the cuticle is devoid of chitin and is thin, delicate and flex- ible, thus allowing the necessary freedom of motion. The Arthropoda are divided into four classes, as follows: (a) Crustacea (erayfish, lobster, etc.), mostly aquatic; having the head and thorax usually united and distinct from the abdomen ; breathing by means of gills or directly through the skin, the exo- skeleton with carbonate and phosphate of lime in addition to chitin. (b)