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Wallace C. Olsen, series editor.

R. B. HINMAN
COLLECTION

PROFESSOR OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
1921-1943

New York
State College of Agriculture
At Cornell University
Ithaca, N. Y.

Little Sketches of

Famous Beef
Cattle

IN

Charles S. Plumb, B. Sc.

Professor
of
Animal
Husbandry
in the
Ohio State
University

Columbus, Ohio
Published by the Author
1904

Copyright, 1904

by CHarLes S. PLUMB

THE DROVERS JOURNAL PRESS
CHICAGO, ILL.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I Shorthorn bull “Hubback”

(B19)! eeu nes Cina cees S41 5
II Shorthorn bull “Favorite”

RI Mice Sb Big ie Ween ed 8
III Shorthorn cow “Duchess 1st”

(GB) As Bor sedeies: saa: 12

IV Shorthorn bull ‘Duke of
Northumberland” (1940)...15

Vv Shorthorn cow “Tsabella”
4, Bhan Be cwayaccn dua waiwoedic 18

VI Aberdeen-Angus cow “Old
Grannie” (1)) sesa.0 22224 eases 21

VII Aberdeen-Angus bull ‘“Pan-
mure’ (61) .nnas cand va coke 24

VIIL Aberdeen-Angus bull “Young
Viscount” (736) 181 ....... 28

“IX Aberdeen-Angus cow “Jilt”
(978): 422 23 sane ss es oo 32

X Hereford bull ‘‘Sovereign”
AOE)! QMS cece ceraeic exe Sie corte zeuar » 36

XI Hereford bull “Sir David”
(349) 68 ...... Steet eens 39

XII Hereford bull “Lord Wilton”
(4740): 405T wnssesscrewedes 43

XIII Shorthorn bull “Champion of
England” (17526) ......... 47

XIV Shorthorn cow “Young Mary” 51
XV <Aberdeen-Angus bull “Black

Knigit” (4951) os cnees cose 55
XVI Hereford bull “The Grove
Qa” (5051) 2490. newe es eens 59
XVII Shorthorn bull ‘Duke of Air-
drie’”’ (12730) S798 ..:4<<e02 62
XVIII Shorthorn cow ‘10th Duchess
of Geneva” (E. H. B.)...... 66
XIX Aberdeen-Angus bull “Ab-
potsford” (5411) 2702...... 70

XX Hereford bull “Dale” 66481...74
XXI Shorthorn bull “Gay Mon-

arch” 92411 .........------ 78
XXII Hereford bull “Corrector”

BRYTE wccden nd ao ARO E LER SH 82
XXIII Shorthorn bull “Young Ab-

botsburn® 1R0G7D 264. sonws 86

XXIV Aberdeen-Angus cow “Lady
of Meadowbrook” 21466....91

XXV_ Galloway bull “Scottish seande
ard” (6488) 15221 ......... 95

gi

PREFACE

This series of sketches of beef cattle
was originally published in THE CHICAGO
Dainty Drovers JOURNAL under the
title of ‘‘Little Sketches of Famous Cat-
tle.” They were written at the request
of the publisher of that excellent journal,
and were intended mainly for students
in animal husbandry, such as are found
in our agricultural colleges, and for such
readers as were interested in breed his-
tory. As the title implies, these sketches
were not intended to be extended studies
of individuals and their varying relations
to the breeds, but were, rather, life
sketches giving the more important rea-
sons why the animals discussed became
famous. Each animal may be regarded
as a really famous one, with important
historical breed connections. There are
hundreds of other famous animals dis-
tributed through a century of Shorthorn,
Hereford, Aberdeen-Angus and Galloway
history. Some of these are clearly enti-
tled to a place in the history of beef
cattle immortals. Nevertheless, the
twenty-five sketches following in this
volume are of animals that have played
most important parts and are clearly en-
titled to the prominence here given them.

In sketches of a number of animals
like these, with so many associations
connected with their various careers, it
is but natural that errors should occur
to some extent. The author, however,
has made every reasonable effort to be
careful in statement, and it is believed
that these sketches can be regarded as
fairly free from error and prejudice of
expression.

Cc. S. PLUMB,
Ohio State University,

College of Agriculture.
April, 1904.

ca ee

| HUBBACK

In some resvects this is perhaps the
most famous animal in cattle history.
This is due to the fact that many have
regarded him as the first great breeding
bull of the Shorthorn class of cattle. His
career was unique and almost without a
parallel, which rather adds to his his-
toric interest.

The Shorthorn breed came to its own
up in northeastern England, in a beau-
tiful grazing region, particularly in the
counties of Yorkshire and Durham. For
many years along in the eighteenth cen-
tury cattle of the Shorthorn type, of
much excellence, were bred in this part
of England, along the valley of the Tees,
from which they at first derived the
name “Teeswater cattle.’ Dutch and
Galloway blood were used somewhat in
early times on these Teeswater cattle,
but it is also probably true that there
were herds bred with fair purity for
many years, from which the genuine
Shorthorns of to-day are descended.

The early type of Shorthorn, we are
told, was rather large and rangy and
lacked quality, and did not represent
the best stamp of the feeder.

About the middle of the eighteenth cen-
tury a bricklayer named John Hunter
was a tenant farmer in the County Dur-
ham. About 1771 he left the farm and
moved to a little village near the city of
Darlington, named Hurworth. He had
sold all his cattle excepting one beauti-
ful Shorthorn cow, which he brought
with hirn to his new home. Owning no
land, he was obliged to graze her along
the roadsides. In 1777 she dropped a bull
calf, to a pure Shorthorn bull, owned by
George Snowdon of Hurworth. It is this
bull calf which afterward attained so
much fame.

When yet a calf Mr. Hunter took the
cow and son to Darlington market and
sold them to a Quaker, who the same

a aes

day sold them to a Mr. Basnett, a timber
dealer. Ownership of the calf was later
transferred to William Fawcett, near
Haughton, in the same neighborhood.
Here he came into active service and
was used about three years by Mr. Faw-
cett, he charging a service fee of 1 shill-
ing, or about 25 cents American money.

Among the early Shorthorn breeders
of this time and in this vicinity was a
Mr. Waistell and Robert and Charles
Colling. Waistell and Robert Colling, on
Good Friday, 1783, visited Mr. Fawcett
anda tried to buy this bull. The price was
10 guineas, and they offered 8, which was
refused. On the next Sunday Mr. Wais-
tell visited Fawcett and bought the bull
at the price asked. Returning home, he
met Robert Coiling of Barmpton and told
him what he had done. Then Colling
agreed to pay half, and thus have a
partnership in the bull, which was ac-
cepted. These two used the bull during
the summer of 1788, on about twenty-
eight cows. In’ November, that year,
they sold him to Charles Colling of Ket-
ton for 8 guineas, and it is claimed that
Mr. Waisiell was to have service for
his cows as long as Charles Colling
owned him. In February, 1784, Waistell
sent a cow to be bred, and Colling re-
turned word the service fee would be 5
guineas, with which Waistell indignantly
ordered the cow home unserved. Colling
kept this bull for two years in his herd,
and then sold him to a Mr. Hubback of
Northumberland, from whom the bull de-
rived his name. He was used in service
by Mr. Hubback until 1791, and was vig-
orous to the last.

Hubback was yellow-red and white,
and history tells us that he was of the
smaller, short-legged, thick fleshed type.
Coates described him as having the
following qualities: “Head good, horns
small and fine, neck fine, breast well
formed and fine to the touch, shoulders
rather upright, girth good, loins, belly
and sides fair, rump and hips extraor-
dinary, flank and twist wonderful.” He
was the last calf of his dam. She would
not breed again and was sold to the
butcher. She has been generally re-
garded as a cow of great handling qual-
ity. The quality of Hubback was no
doubt inherited from his dam.

There is some difference of opinion as
to the greatness of Hubback as a sire.

ee ee

For years he had no distinction as a
breeding bull. This was later discov-
ered by the Colling Bros. after he had
passed from their possession. For years
he was what would be regarded as most
peculiar to-day—a nameless bull. He,
however, left at Ketton a heifer called
Haughton. She was bred to Richard
Barker’s bull (52), from which came the
bull Foljambe (263). This latter was
bred to a number of Colling’s best cows,
including a red-roan heifer, Lady May-
nard, and she dropped a heifer called
Phoenix. Another daughter of Lady
Maynard named Young Strawberry was
bred to Foljambe, from whence came the
bull Bolingbroke (86), an animal of rare
merit. Here Colling began to inbreed,
mating Bolingbroke to Phoenix. from
which came the bull Favorite (252), one
of the most extraordinary of Shorthorn
sires in past history.

There has been more or less of contro-
versy over the purity of the ancestry
of Hubback, but the best evidence has it
that he came of pure Shorthorn blood.
Through his prepotency the Colling Bros.
developed Shorthorns to such a perfec-
tion that they are frequently referred to
as the founders of the true Shorthorn
and Hubback as the foundation sire.
Thomas Bates, the peer of any Short-
horn breeder of the past, who had seen
Hubback and his get, said: “It was the
opinion of all good judges in my early
days that had it not been for the bull
Hubback and his descendants the old
valuable breed of Shorthorns would have
been entirely lost, and that where Hub-
back’s hlcod was wanting, they had no
real merit, and no stock ought to have
been put in any herd book of Shorthorns
which had not Hubback’s blood in their
veins.” Bates laid great stress on his
superior quality as a feeder, and he also
regarded his handling as better than any
bull of his day.

No doubt Hubback imparted to his de-
scendants much of his compactness of
form, his superior capacity to lay on
flesh evenly all over, and his remarkable
general quality. He may not in truth
have been the greatest bull of his time,
but so far as history tells us, there is
no record of his equal. Further, it will
not be a difficult task after these 125
years to trace back the pedigrees of
many Shorthorns of to-day into the
blood of old Hubback.

a

tt | FAVORITE (259, E. H. B.)

The practice of in-and-in breeding does
not meet with the approval of the most
careful students of live stock husbandry.
Its persistent use is attended with seri-
ous injury. It is interesting, in this
connection, to note that the Shorthorn
bull Favorite (252) was apparently an ex-
ception to this rule, as he was a result
of its application. Not only was he an
example of in-and-in breeding, but he
was bred to his own mother, daughters
and sisters and descendants to such a
degree as had heretofore been unheard
of.

Charles Colling of Ketton, England, be-
comes a character in history as a really
distinguished breeder of Shorthorns. By
many he and his brother Robert are des-
ignated as the first great improvers of
the breed. Be that as it may, they cer-
tainly were the first to become famous
for breeding Shorthorns of marked merit
by the process of in-and-in breeding.

Favorite was dropped in 1793. His
dam was named Phoenix, and she was a
daughter of the bull Foljambe (263), while
his sire was Bolingbroke (86), a son of
Foljambe. The dam of Foljambe was
by Hubback. Favorite was used in the
herd of Charles Colling for many years,
with remarkable results. He lived to a
ripe old age, dying in 1809, aged 16 years.
Favorite was a rather large bull of a
light roan color. Both Coates and Wais-
tell classed him as very superior. The
latter referred to him as “a grand beast,
very large and open, had a fine brisket,
with a good coat, and as good a handler
as was ever felt.’’ The aam of Phoenix
was a very large ‘open-boned cow,
coarser than her dam, ‘the beautiful
Lady Maynard.’” Favorite probably
more resembled his dam than gran-
dam.

Great fame early came to Favorite
from his being the sire of two wonderful

eee

beef cattle, ‘the “Durham ox” and ‘“‘the
white heifer that traveled.” The former,
from a grade cow, was bred in 1796, and
was among the first calves got by Favor-
ite. He was steered when a calf and was
fed most skillfully by Colling. When
nearly 5 years old he weighed 3024
pounds, and was sold for exhibition pur-
poses. He was exhibited in a traveling
carriage, and with such success’. that
various offers for him were refused, up to
$10,000. He toured England and Scotland
for nearly six years, when, because of
an accident which dislocated his hip, he
was killed. He dressed 2620 pounds. At
10 years old he weighed 3400 pounds.

In 1806 Robert Colling had a pure-bred
Shorthorn heifer dropped, that was sired
by Favorite, and was white in color. She
was a twin with a bull calf, and did not
breed, but became very large and fat.
She was exhibited at many fairs, and
became known as “‘the white heifer that
traveled.” It is said that she weighed
about 2300 nounds alive, and it is esti-
mated that in the dressed carcass she
weighed about 1800 pounds.

Charles Colling desirec to concentrate
good blood in his herd, as much as pos-
sible, so he began in-and-in breeding,
with a limited number of animals, with
Favorite as the central figure.

Two things conspired to make Favorite
a famous bull. First, because he was
the main factor in Colling’s most un-
usual process of in-and-in breeding, and,
second, because his sons and daughters
and descendants became among the most
famous animals of their generation.

Charles Colling was a most discrimi-
nating judge of cattle. He sought to
secure beauty, quality and early matur-
ity, with light waste at slaughter. Re-
ferring to the method of breeding fol-
lowed by Colling, the Rev. J. Storer
makes interesting discussion of it in
“Carr’s History of the Booth Short-
horns.” He says: ‘Mr. C. Colling’s bull
Bolingbroke, and his cow Phoenix, were
brother and sister on the sire’s side and
nearly so on the dams’, They were of
the same family, and the only difference
in descent was that Bolingbroke was a
grandson of Dalton Duke, while Phoenix
was not. But this apparent difference,
slight as it is, was not all real, for
Dalton Duke also contained some portion
of their common blood. Arithmetically
stated, the blood of the two being taken

=o

and divided into thirty-two parts,
twenty-nine of those parts were of
blood common to both, rather differently
proportioned between them. Phoenix
had sixteen of those parts, Bolingbroke
thirteen, the latter having also three
fresh parts derived from Dalton Duke.
which made up the thirty-two. Being
thus very nearly own brother and sis-
ter, they were the joint parents of the
bull Favorite. That bull was next -put
to his own mother, Phoenix, so nearly
related to him on his sire’s side also,
and the produce was Young Phoenix.
To this heifer Favorite was once more
put, she being at once his daughter and
more than his own sister, too; for their
two sires, Bolingbroke and Favorite,
were not only as nearly as possible con-
sanguineous with each other, but also
with the cow Phoenix, to which they
were both put. The result was Comet
(155.) Nor was this all. The system was
carried much further. The celebrated
Booth bull Albion (14) was not only a
son of the in-and-in Favorite-bred
Comet, but his dam was a granddaugh-
ter of Favorite on both sides, and de-
scended besides from both the sire and
dam of Favorite.”

Favorite was used very extensively on
his own offspring, and sired numerous
famous animals, among which may be
mentioned the Durham ox, the White
heifer, Comet (155), Daisy bull (186),
Young Phoenix, Laura, Johanna, Cherry,
Red Rose, Moss Rose, Juno, Marske
(418), North Star (459), Styford (629) and
Ketton Ist (709).

At the dispersal sale of the Charles
Colling herd in 1810 there were sold
forty-seven cattle, three-fourths of
which were got by Favorite or Comet
(155), his son, and the balance of the
herd by bulls of their get. Colling dur-
ing his later career found it necessary
to introduce new and foreign blood into
his herd, to renew the constitutional
vigor, and so the famous “alloy” or
Galloway blood was used. Yet the sale
was a great success, in spite of the
prejudice which existed against the in-
tense in-and-in breeding practiced by
Colling. The forty-seven head sold
brought an average of about $750 each,
while Comet, Favorite’s son, made the
record high price up to that time of
$5,000.

In Lewis F. Allen’s ‘Pedigrees of Eng-
lish Shorthorn Bulls to Which American

0

Shorthorns Trace” the records show
thirty sons of Favorite to be recorded
in volume 1 of the Coates herdbook. A
large number of his other descendants
are also registered therein. In fact, as
expressed by A. H. Sanders, in his work
on “Shorthorn Cattle,” ‘‘his get were not
only the most celebrated Shorthorns of
their day, but his immediate descend-
ants constitute a large percentage of
the entire foundation stock upon which
the herd book records stand.’ Most cer-
tainly Favorite is entitled to a very
prominent place in Shorthorn history.

nessa

HW DUCHESS Ist (E. H. B.)

Shorthorn cattle predominate among
the beef breeds in English-speaking
countries. So extensively have Short-
horns become distributed that they have
been termed the “universal intruders.”

Among Shorthorn cattle no family in
its past history has received so profound
attention, none has sold at such high
prices as that known as the Duchess.
There have been other famous Shorthorn
families, and perhaps better ones. Who
knows? But certain it is, never has
greater fame ever come to a family of
any breed of cattle than to the Duchess
of the Shorthorns.

Tradition has it that for 200 years cat-
tle of this particular strain had been
bred on the estate of the Duke of North-
umberland in northeast England. But
this is tradition only. History, however,
takes us back to 1737, to a red bull
calved that year, later known as James
Brown’s Red Bull (97). In 1784 Charles
Colling bought in Darlington market a
cow which he named Duchess. She was
from the Stanwick estate of Sir Hugh
Smithson, who later became thé Duke
of Northumberland. She was also known
as the ‘‘Stanwick Duchess” and the
-“Stanwick cow.”’ It is claimed that she
was sired by James Brown’s Red Bull.
which from the years intervening is very
questionable. This cow was later mated
to Hubback (319), and from her came a
heifer and a continuation of Duchess
blood. This stock seemed to meet the
approval of Thomas Bates, who at that
time was in the early stages of his
career as a Shorthorn breeder. In or
about 1804 Bates purchased for about
$500 from Colling a granddaughter of
the Stanwick Duchess, named Duchess,
by Daisy Bull (186), 4 vears of age, and
out of a cow by Favorite (252), and in
calf to Favorite.

Duchess, by Daisy Bull, did not pro-
duce any heifers while owned by Bates.
In 1805 she dropped the bull calf Ketton
(709), that later became famous. She
had, however, left a heifer in Colling’s
herd at Ketton. This was bred to Comet
(155), a son of Favorite, and from which
resulted a heifer calf, that was first
named Young Duchess.

—-12—

Bates early became convinced of the
superior merit of this Duchess blood.
The original old Stanwick Duchess was
described as a ‘‘massive, short-legged
beast, breast near the ground, a great
grower, with wide back and a beautiful
yellowish-red flaked color.””’ The Duch-
ess cow was a disappointment to Bates,
so at the closing-out sale of Charles Col-
ling in 1810 he determined to secure the
red and white heifer Young Duchess, by
Comet. Being afraid that the bidding
would be carried too high if he bid in
person, Bates shrewdly employed another
to make the bids on the Young Duchess.
Thus he obtained her at 183 guineas
(about $900). When the Collings learned
that Bates was the purchaser it is
stated that they felt much incensed, and
Mrs. Colling is reported to have declared .
that had they known it was Bates’ bid
the heifer would have cost him two or
three times as much before he could
have gotten her. She was not exactly
one of the plums of the sale, and the
people about Halton castle, at that time
the home of Bates, rated her as ‘‘shab-
by.” The father of Bates ridiculed the
purchase of the son.

The heifer purchased as Young Duch-
ess Bates named Duchess Iist,and inas-
much as this distinguished breeder cre-
ated and developed this family, she may
be regarded as its foundation dam.
“Colonus,”’ writing of her in 1882 from
hitherto unpublished manuscript notes
made in 1819-20, comments on her as fol-
lows (National Live Stock Journal, page
460): ‘Mr. Bates’ Duchess Ist has good
head, horn, sides and flank; was only
fair in shoulder points, loin, quarter and
touch. Her daughter, Duchess 2d, by
Ketton (who was of Hubback’s color
yellow red), was only fair in all the
above enumerated points. Duchess 3d,
also out of Duchess Ist, and got by Ket-
ton lst, had a good head, horn, shoulder,
loin, side, flank, quarter, and touch.”

Bates had great faith in Duchesses. In
1842 he wrote: ‘I selected this tribe of
Shorthorns as superior to all other cat-
tle, not only as small consumers, but as
great growers and quick grazers, with
the finest quality of beef.” The cows
of this family were especially famous as
large producers of milk, a feature Bates

“repeatedly referred to as a point of merit.

Duchess ist is especially entitled to
fame as the substructure upon which
Bates worked to build up the family of

pa

this name. Her field was not in the
show yard. There are other Duchesses
that have acquired much more personal
fame, notably Duchess 34th, Duchess
38th, and Duchess 43d. There was a
long line of sixty-four Duchess females
between 1808 and 1849, when the chap-
ter closed with Mr. Bates’ death. They
were the result of intense in-and-in
preeding, and became notorious for being
unprolific so long as untouched by other
blood. Unquestionably they had merit,
while some of the bulls of this family
and notably Duke of Northumberland
(1940) met with the high approval of the
critics.

Duchess 1st produced down to 1819
four females, viz., Duchess 2d, 3d, 4th
and 5th, and one male, Cleveland (146)
Mr. Bates at one time desired to breed
Duchess Ist to Robert Colling’s ‘White
Bull” (151) and offered him a service fee
of $500, which was refused. This bul!
was of the Princess family, while all of
the five offspring of Duchess ist were
strongly in-and-in bred Duchesses.

Duchess ist pased the way of all flesh,
but she is destined to live long in his-
tory as an important factor in the devel-
opment of the nineteenth century Short.-
horn as exemplified by Thomas Bates.

—j{4—

ly DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND

(1940 E. H. B.)

There comes a time in the life of every
breeder of eminence when he reaches
his highest degree of success by the pro-
duction of one individual most represen-
tative of the lofty ideals of the critic.
Thus the Duke otf Northumberland ap-
peared as the crowning triumph in the
life of Thomas Bates.

The Duke of Northumberland (1940)
was calved Oct. 15, 1835. He was sircd
by Belvedere (1706) and Duchess 34th
was his dam, she being also sired by
Belvedere. On the maternal side, in a
Cirect line of descent, Duchess 29th was
grandam, Duchess 20th great gran-
dam, Duchess 8th great-great-grandain,
Duche:zs 24, great great great grandam,
and she out of Duchess ist. Belvedere,
one of the really great bulls of his time.
was Gescended four generations from the
cow Princess, by Favorite, a cow of rare
character, whose breeding Bates most
highly esteemed. While Duke of North-
umberland is thus a distinctively Duch-
ess bred bull, unquestionably the blood
of Princess played a significant part in
his make-up, as Bates intended that it
should. <A careful study of the Duke's
pedigree for seven generations, however,
shows the necessary general pedigree
strength to create the individual of rarz
quality and character.

The dam of the subject of this sketch,
Duchess 34th, was an animal of.remark-
able quality and conformation, and was
one of the first show cows of her time,
defeating the renowned Necklace of
John Booth at the Royal show at York,
England, in 1842. Duke of Northumber-
land was a red roan in color, and he was
given this name by Mr. Bates ‘to per-
petuate the commemoration that it is to
the judgment and attention of the ances-
tors of the present Duke of Northumber-
land that this country and the world are
indebted for a tribe of cattle which
Charles Colling repeatedly assured me
was the best he éver had or ever saw.”

As we go back in the early history of
breeding cattle we find that the practice
of public exhibition and competition was
comparatively recent. Many famous ani-
mals were never seen in the show ring.
They, however, were known to be of cor-

a ee

rect type, and they secured fame by

their prepotency. The Duke of North-
umberland, however, had much fame in
the show ring. Mr. Bates did not exhibit
his cattle often, but he appeared on
various occasions with representatives of
his herd. In 1838,at the Yorkshire show,
the Duke won first place in a class of
eight 2-year-olds. In 1839 at the first
annual show of the Royal Agricultural
society, held at Oxford, he was first
in a class of seven. Referring to that
show, George Drewry, late herd man-
ager of the Duke of Devonshire, after
fifty years wrote: “The two things that
I remember best at Oxford were the
Duke of Northumberland and Duchess
43d. These, I still think, were the two
best Shorthorns I ever saw.”

Ar interesting incident occurred while
the Duke was being transported to Ox-
ford. He was shipped by steamer from
Middlesborough to London. The story
is told that in endeavoring to lead the
Duke on the gang plank from the steam-
er to the wharf, he slipped and feil
across the gangway, where he lay. Bates
rushed to him and began’ patting his
head, exclaiming: ‘Poor boy! poor boy!”
There he remained until relieved, and
fortunately no harm was done.

In 1839, referring to the Duke of
Northumberland, Bates wrote: “I can
state from measurements I took of the
celebrated Comet (155) that the Duke
was nearly double his weight both at 10
taonths and at 2 years old.”

In the summer of 1841 A. B. Allen of
New York made a visit of a week with
Mr. Bates at his home at Kirklevington.
In a most interesting series of letters on
this visit (National Live Stock Journal,
1884), Mr. Allen gives special attention
to the Duke of Northumberland. He
made careful measurements of his body,
assisted by the herdsman, Tommy Myers.
He stood five feet high at the withers,
was eight feet four inches long from the
base of the horn level to the end of the
rump, at the joining on of the tail, and
girthed eight feet behind his shoulders.
His weight was estimated at 2300 pounds.

The general testimony of the critics is
that this bull was a magnificent speci-
men of the breed. Mr. Allen’s reference
to him is worth quoting: “At the open-
ing of the door to the stall of the Duke
of Northumberland, he made a bound
outside, with the agility of a
deer, stood still and stared = at
me a moment, and then com-

tig

menced capering about like a high-spir-
ited Arabian horse, strongly reminding
me, in his action, fine points and har-
monious make-up, of what I had seen of
these high-cast, noble animals. Then, as
he became more quiet, and was led
around by the herdsman, I increasingly
admired his free, easy grace of move-
ment and imposing presence; and after
thoroughly examining him from day to
day during my stay at Kirklevington, I
could but come to the conclusion that he
was the most perfect and magnificent
animal of his race, which, up to that
time, had come under my observation.
Fisher Hobbs, a Booth man, and conse-
quently not prejudiced in favor of Bates
stock, as well as. other distinguished
breeders, pronounced the Duke of North-
umberland the best bull of his day in
all England, and I believe no one has
yet gainsaid that decision.”

The Duke was especially commended
for his high-bred, masculine head,
breadth and depth of chest, full crops,
and round, level carcass. He was good
in loin and quarter, and strong in the
twist. His handling quality, hair and
skin were first-class.

This bull was great as an individual,
but he also had merit as a breeder, al-
though he cannot be considered the equal
of either Belvedere or Comet in that re-
spect, both of which were owned by
Bates. The Duke was born, lived and
died the property of Bates, and history
has it that large sums of money were of-
fered in exchange for the bull, but the
owner was not tempted.

pqGes

V ISABELLA

The Booth family began its career in
breeding Shorthorng with Thomas Bootn
at Killerby, Yorkshire, England, about
1790. He had two sons, Richard and
Jchn, who inherited the family estate
and established separate herds of their
own, In 1814 Richard left Killerby and
took the Studley farm at Ripon, where
he continued breeding until 1834, when
the herd was dispersed.

Within a year after locating at Studley
Mr. Bootn bought in Darlington market
a roan cow. She was sired by Mr. Bur-
rell’s bull Burdon (1768). Bred to
Agamemnon (9), this roan cow produced
a heifer which is known as the ‘white
cow.” At that period there were two
bulls in the herd of Thomas Booth ai
Killerby, viz., Albion (14) and _ Pilot
(496). Both of these proved animals of
great breeding character. In fact; Al-
bion was regarded as the greatest of the
Booth bulls of early days. The “while
cow” was bred to Pilot, from which
union came the heifer Isabella, the sub-
ject of this sketch. This ‘‘white cow”
was also the dam of Own Sister to Isa-
bella and Lady Sarah. The former was
dam of Blossom, and she was dam of
Medecra, “one of the neatest cows Mr.
Pooth ever bred.”

History records many famous breed-
ing beef matrons, but for general excel-
lence and extended usefulness Isabeila
may be classed among the very first.
She was not only an animal of great
individual merit, being termed the
“matchless Isabella,” but she proved her-
self to be a breeder of the first class, and
from her came the Isabella tribe, one of
the very best of Booth breeding. To il-
lustrate the superior qualifications of
Isabella as a show cow. the following is
vertinent: Sir Charles Morgan in 1823
proposed a trial of merit between Short-
horn and Hereford cattle. The Rev.
Henry Berry, a Skorthorn advocate of
note, wished to bring this competition
about and proposed that such a contest
take place on the following Christmas.
He offered to place tv’o Shorthorn fe-
males against any two Herefords in
England of similar age and fecundity.
One of these two was Isabella, then 3

—18—

years old. She was Mr. Berry’s ideal
Shorthorn. The offer made by the par-
son was never accepted.

Carr, writing in 1867 of the Booth
Shorthorns, says that Isabella and her
descendants brought the massive yet ex-
quisitely molded forequarters into the
herd. Isabella’s grandam was very
strong in the development of this part.
She was also responsible for the straighi
underline, a feature of this tribe. This
writer further states that the Isabellas
all had great capacity for rapidly ac-
quiring ripe condition on pasture. The
story is that at one of the Yorkshire
agricultural meetings a grass-fed heifer.
a daughter of Isabella. sired by Ambo,
was rejected by the judges as too fat.
As she did not breed she-was slaugh-
tered at York for Christmas beef. Her
two successful rivals also were non-
breeders, and, as it happened, they were
siaughtered at the same time and place,
and then it was clearly shown that the
Isabella heifer had the best carcass and
was awarded the dressed beef prize.

According to the Coates herd book, Isa-
bella was calved May 17, 1820, and be-
tween 1823 and 1834 was the dam of nine
calves, six of which were females. Her
first calf was a roan heifer, that was also
named Isabella. In 1825 she had a roan
bull calf, that was named Isaac, by
Young Albion (15), that proved later to
be a valuable sire, although, unfortu-
nately, he was killed before his real
worth became known. In 1828 or 1829
she had another roan heifer calf, that
was named Young Isabella, by Memnon
(2295). and in 1833 a red and white heifer
by Burley (1766), named Isabel, was
dropped. These are only a portion of
the calves she was dam of up to and in-
cluding 1834. That year Richard Booth’s
herd was sold at a dispersion sale. But
he did not sell everything under the
hammer. He retained one cow only of
the entire herd, and that was Isabella.
Removing the year of the sale tempo-
rarily to Sharrow, and after a year’s resl-
dence there to Warlaby, Richard Booth
took with him this great dam, which at
this period was termed by one writer “a
large, patchy cow.”

The first year at Warlaby Isabella pro-
duced a roan bull calf, by Young Match-
em (4422), after which, in her eighteenth
year, by the same bull, she dropped a
heifer that was named Isabella Matchem.
This heifer proved, like her dam, to be
very prolific, and was the mother of a

ae |e

number of famous sons and daughters,
including Fitz Leonard (7010), Vanguard
(10994), and the roan heifers Innocence
and Isabella Buckingham. The latter, in
her time, was a famous show cow, being
celebrated for victories won at the Royal
in 1846 at Northampton, and in 1847 at
York, winning second place in 1848 at the
Norwich Royal.

In early days at Killerby was another
famous cow, sired by Pilot, the sire of
Isabella, Anna by name. Her son, Ar-
gus, and Isahella’s son, Isaac, were used
on the herd, and from their blood came
the cow Toy, a daughter of Argus, and
the bull Priam (2452), a son of Isaac. A
mating of Toy and Priam produced the
famous twin heifers Bracelet and Neck-
lace, no doubt the most remarkable
Shorthorn twins in English history. Isa-
bella Buckingham was sired by a son
of Bracelet by the name of Buckingham
(3239), a combination of the choicest
Booth families. ‘‘The ‘imposing grandeur’
of the Warlaby Isabellas,” says Sanders,
“was a theme upon which admirers of
the herd ever loved to dwell, and Isabella
Buckingham of that line, like Charity,
reaped a rich harvest of ribbons and ro-
settes.”

But few cows live to such a ripe old
age as did Isabella. What a_ record!
Eighteen years of noble service in giv-
ing her life blood, that the name and
fame of Booth Shorthorns might be per-
petuated. And down through the gener-
ations the blood of Isabella has fulfilled
the highest mission of her kind, thereby
entitling her to a place in the Shorthorn
hall of fame, if such there be.

VI OLD GRANNIE (1)

All references to early Aberdeen-
Angus history pay deference to the cow
Old Grannie, bred by Hugh Watson of
Keillor, Scotland. And well they may.
So far as the writer is aware, she stands
without an equal in years and useful-
ness. In the Scotch Polled Cattle Herd-
book, in the first volume issued, which
combines both Aberdeen-Angus and Gal-
loway, is Old Grannie (1), or the Prima
cow. Calved in 1824, she died on July
1, 1859, at the age of 35 years and 6
months.

Scotland has produced in the past a
number of celebrated breeders of Aber-
deen-Angus cattle, and in their time
none gave greater service to promoting
high-class breeding than Hugh Watson
ot Keillor, Forfarshire, William Me-
Combie of Tillyfour and Sir George Mac-
pherson Grant of Ballindalloch. The
first two long since passed away, but
the latter is yet an active breeder.

Old Grannie was one of the most
notable of many noted animals bred by
Watson. It is said that he desired to
keep her as long as possible, to demon-
strate the longevity of a vigorous ani-
mal of the breed kept in a natural con-
dition. And so during the many years
of the triumphs of Watson, Old Grannie
stood at the head of the herd as an
example of what an Angus matron
might do and be.

In her long career she produced twen-
ty-five calves, of which eleven are regis-
tered in the herdbook. The following list
gives their names and sires:

Strathmore: (3). cos siac sens sages craves He's aaets Calved 1851
Old Windsor (115)............. Sire, Black Jock (3)
First Memus (129) ...Sire, Black Jock (3)
Blu go: (180): mi c.. sjeciece etek hava nie arene Sire, Old Jock (1)

The Baron (134)..............- Sire, Black Jock (3)

Hope (3) Grey- Breasted Jock (2)
Lady Clara (4)... Grey-Breasted Jock (2)
Beauty of Buchan .Sire, Grey-Breasted Jock (2)
Young Favorite (61)...Sire, Grey-Breasted Jock (2)
Fdinburgh (64).......- Sire, Grey-Breasted Jock (2)
Keillor (281): s¢-5-2 sion hss oats Sire, Old Jock (1)

If it is true that the real history of
the Aberdeen-Angus breed began in 1808,
with the improvements of Watson, then
this work had been sixteen years in

== f==

progress when Old Grannie entered in
on the scene. During the first twenty-
nine years of her life she produced the
twenty-five calves, after which she
ceased breeding. In fact, after her
twenty-eighth year she produced no milk
for the calf to suckle.

This cow had more merit than simply
age and fecundity. Mr. Watson valued
her offspring, and they became impor-:
tant factors in his herd. Some of her
daughters were purchased by the best
Scotch breeders. Mr. Ferguson of Kin-
nochtry bought in 1839 Young Favorite
(61) and Edinburgh (64), and Mr. Mc-
Combie of Tillyfour bought Lady Clara
(4). In 1882 Macdonald and _ Sinclair
wrote: “The blood of Old Grannie (1)
circulates in the male line in many exist-
ing tribes of cattle, and she has also
several living female descendants.”
Through the work of Mr. Ferguson, re-
sulting from his 1839 purchase of Young
Favorite (61), came the Princezs and
Baroness familiez:, while Edinburgh (64)
became the foundress of the Emily fam-
ily. There is little difficulty in tracing
back Angus pedigrees of to-day into the
direct blood of Old Grannie.

Some of the unregistered offspring of
this old matron were also highly es-
teemed. A son of hers, that later came
into service as an ox, Hugh Watson con-
sidered the most perfect specimen of the
polled breed he ever raised. This ox
won first prize in class in 1843 at the
Highland show at Dundee, and he walked
the thirteen miles from Keillor to the
grounds to be exhibited. At Belfast, Ire-
land, Prince Albert, husband of Queen
Victoria, purchased him, and, as his prop-
erty, showed him at Smithfield in 1844.
This ox met with such favor in the royal
family as to be made a life pensioner.

A painting was made of him for Mr.
Watson, and colored engravings were
also published and widely distributed,
one of which is in the vossession of the
writer. A portrait was also made of him
by the celebrated animal painter, Gour-
lay Steell. This ox served as a valued
laborer on the farm and lived to be 17
years of age.

In searching for specific information
concerning Old Grannie, the writer has
been unable to find any statement as to
her type and personal character. No
mention of these things is made in con-
siderable Angus literature at my dis-

—22—

a

posal, including articles by Hugh Watson
himself, William Watson, his son, and
an extended sketch by a daughter, as
well as the writings of McCombie, Mac-
donald and Sinclair and R. C. Auld. That
she was an animal of very superior form
and quality in her prime is undoubted.
Miss Watson writes of Old Grannie:
“She, herself, when she was 34, was
shown at Aberdeen as extra stock in 1858,
and created quite a sensation in the show
yard.”” The sensation, however, was no
doubt due to the remarkable age of the
cow herself. As she was the dam of over
two dozen prize-takers, she no doubt
had the essentials of a shapely cow of
quality.

Aside from the breeding value of Old
Grannie two things occurred during her
life that add much interest to her career.
In 1859, two days before her death, at the
special request of Prince Albert, a pho-
tograph of her was taken, and in Octo-
ber, that year, was placed in the collec-
tion of cattle photographs in Balmoral
castle, the Scotch home of the queen.

Another happy incident was the pre-
senting to James Thompson, the herds-
man who had attended Old Grannie all
her life, who had been in Mr. Watson’s
employ for forty-two years, of a medal
and premium of 100 francs by the French:
Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to
Animals. This was in recognition of
the kindness which must have charac-
terized the care of the old matron dur-
ing the many years of her life at
Keillor. ;

There must have been many a tug at
the heart strings when Old Grannie
passed away on that July 1, 1859. And,
as many an old granny leaves a vacan-
cy hard to fill in this world, so must this
old dame have left at Keillor a place
none but she could occupy. Nor was
there another like her, at least in that
bonnie Scotland.

a)

Vil PANMURE (51)

The breeder of Aberdeen-Angus cat-
tle who does not study pedigrees may
have to plead guilty of lack of knowl-
edge of Panmure (51), and yet in his
time he was a very famous animal. Ia
fact, by many he is regarded as impor-
tant an element in Angus history as
Hubback of the Shorthorns. Both were
great bulls individually and in breeding
power.

There has been some controversy con-
cerning the ancestry of Panmure. Vol.
I. of the Scotch Polled Cattle Herd Book
states that his dam is Black Meg (766),
an animal of implied Galloway blood,
while the name of her sire is not given
in this volume. A careful study of the
parentage of Panmure was made by Mr.
Jamieson of Marischal college, Aber-
deen, who most satisfactorily solved the
question. Black Meg (766) may be re-
ferred to as Black Meg of Ardovie. Wil-
liam Fullerton of Ardovie, the owner of
Panmure, in correspondence published
by Mr. Jamieson, states that the bull
was bred by Lord Panmure, and that his
dam was Black Meg of Panmure, un-
questionably an Aberdeen-Angus. Some
time after the publication of the herd
book referred to it was learned that Pan-
mure was sired by an Angus bull by
the name of Hector, bred by a gentle-
man of that name of Fernyflatt, parisn
of Kinneff.

Regarding the reflection on the purity
of Panmure’s breeding—that is, being
partly from Galloway blood—the fol-
lowing is of interest: ‘rine bull was
owned for some years by Mr. Farquhar-
son Taylor of Wellhouse, Aberdeen.
While in his possession Lord Panmure
sent a famous artist by the name of
Phillip to his home to paint the bull’s
portrait. “Not satisfied with Mr. Phil-
lip’s first sketch,” writes Mr. McCombie,
“he sent him back and Mr. Phillip lived
at Wellhouse for weeks and painted Pan-
mure a second time.” Referring to the
portrait of the bull, as bearing on breed
ancestry and type, Mr. Fullerton, along
in the early ’70s, wrote to Mr. Jamieson
as follows: “But the bull Panmure is
on canvas in the Mechanics’ hall, Brech-

—24—

in, painted by the great J. Phillfp; also
he is now before me, and on canvas by
the same great man, and presented to me
by the late Lord Panmure; and let any
judge look at these paintings and say
if he sees the very slightest resemblance
to the Galloway breed. Not he! No!
Half a judge would even say so. His
elegant head and stately outline would
at a glance at once bring out such a
remark as, ‘There has been no Galloway
blood there—No, no!’”

Mr. Fullerton was a celebrated breeder
of Angus cattle in his time, winning
many prizes of great value. Panmure
was calved in 1840, and in 1841, when
a year and a half old, he was purchased
by Mr. Fullerton from Lord Panmure
for about $90 American money. He
proved to be a good investment, al-
though owned by Mr. Fullerton but two
years. While in his possession he sired
Monarch (44) and another bull named
Colonel. Panmure was exhibited by Mr.
Fullerton and with much success, win-
ning the first prize as a 3-year-old at
Dundee in 18438, when in very strong
competition. After this show he was
purchased by Mr. Taylor, already re-
ferred to, in whose hands he made a good
record as both breeding and show buli.
Referring to him in his later career Mr.
Fullerton writes: ‘TI saw him (Pan-
mure) stand as winner of the third prize
at Aberdeen with his two sons, Mon-
arch (44) and the Colonel, both bred by
me, standing beside their father—Mon-
arch having the first and Colonel the
second prize. Of course Panmure was
by this time some 8 or 9 years of age,
and so wanted to some extent the out-
line and sprightliness of a 3 or even a 5
year old. Still, and to make allowance
for the service he had rendered, there
would have been but small mistake, if
any, to have made his sons stand below
him. I do not think I have ever seen
such a dashing 3-year-old as he was alt
Dundee in 1843.”

Eleven calves of Panmure are recorded
in the first volume of the Scotch herd
book, but it is known that he was used
liberally in the localities where owned
and he no doubt sired many calves that
were never registered. Some of the
more important ones recorded are Mon-
arch (44), Princess (47), Jean Ann (206),
Queen Mother (348), Queen of Scots (72),
Queen of Kinnochtry (572), and Princess
Daughter (832).

a5

Panmure, bred to Queen of Ardovie
(29), a daughter of Black Meg (766), pro-
duced Queen Mother (348), the foundress
of the famous Queen tribe, most highly
esteemed by all lovers of Angus cattle.
Monarch (44) was a son of Panmure’s
through a daughter of his by the name
of Julia, out of Susanna, a daughter of
Black Meg (766). Thus Monarch and
Queen Mother, as a result of in-and-in-
breeding worthy of a Colling, were half
brother and sister. Not only that, but
on the sire’s side Panmure was not only
sire but also grandsire. Yet’ Monarch
was such a superior individual, and his
breeding was so good, that he was
bought by William McCombie and placed
at the head of his herd. In his work on
“Cattle and Cattle Breeders” that breed-
er writes, as evidence of the merit of
Panmure’s breeding, transmitted to his
herd by his son, that ‘‘some of my best
stock trace their descent from Panmure.”
The importance of this statement be-
comes apparent when we consider that
McCombie stands in history as the most
successful of Angus breeders.

Mr. McCombie purchased -at Ardovie
the cows Queen Mother and Jean Ann,
that were full sisters, sired by Panmure
and out of Queen of Ardovie (29). He
bred Monarch (44)) to each of these, re-
sulting in 1847 in the production of Lola
Montes (208), and in 1849 of Bloomer (201),
two famous prize-winning cows in their
Gay and generation. This was in-and-
in-breeding with a vengeance. In 1852
Lola Montes was bred to Angus (45), a
superior bull bred by Hugh Watson, and
from that union she dropped a heifer
named Charlotte (203), which became a
prize winner at Paris in 1856. A bull
named Hanton (228), that was the first
prize Angus male at the Paris exposition
, the same year, and shown by McCombie,
an animal tracing three times to Pan-
mure, was bred to Charlotte. From that
service in 1857 she dropped the heifer
Pride of Aberdeen (581), the foundress of
the Pride family of the Queen tribe,
whose ‘‘career is without a parallel in the
chronicles of the breed.” She was a
most remarkable cow, creating a sen-
sation at Sccych shows for three years,
and making a great impression at the
international show at Battersea in 1862.
The famous Prince Ito (12869), that in
1902 sold for $9,100 in Chicago at public
sale, the Angus record price, is five gen-

erations descended from Pride of Aber-
deen in a direct line on the dam’s side.

One cannot trace a Queen Mother or
Pride of to-day without running back
into the blood of Panmure. A study of
many an Angus pedigree will show that
Panmure played his part, although often
overlooked through the space of time.
Yet the very best blood of the Angus cat-
tle of Scotland secured from him a rich
part of its inheritance.

27-—

VIII | YOUNG VISCOUNT (736) 18!

Young Viscount (736) was calved ,in
1878, being bred by William Duff, Hil-
lockhead, Glass, Scotland. His sire was
the bull Hampton (492), while his dam
was Erica 3d (1249) of the Ballindalloch
Erica tribe. When a calf Young Vis-
count was purchased by the Earl of Fife
at Duff house, near Banff, Scotland.
His superior character became manifest
as a calf, and he was shown as a year-
ling at the Highland and Agricultural
society show at Inverness, Scotland, in
1874, where he won first prize in his
class. The following year he was shown
at Glasgow, where as a 2-year-old he
gained first. Again, in 1876, at Aber-
deen he competed in the aged bull class.
and again received the coveted first
place. In notes on the Highland show
animals, in reference to Young Viscount,
William Macdonald, editor of the North
British Agriculturist, writes of him, in
reference to the Inverness show, as ‘‘the
highest-priced bull and perhaps the
best-looking animal of the breed that
has yet been shown.” The _ following
year at Glasgow he writes of him as
“looking compact and shapely, though
less striking than he afterward ap-
peared.” At the Aberdeen show Young
Viscount seemed in better bloom, and
Mr. Macdonald wrote that he ‘here
looked almost perfect in form. Deep,
square and level, he lacked length of
neck a trifle, but he had no other fault,
and was ‘head and shoulders’ above his
compeers in the aged class.”

In 1875 this bull won the $250 Chal-
lenge cup, and in 1878 the McCombie
prize at the Royal Northern show of
about $75 for the best breeding Angus
bull in Scotland. In order to make his
claim good for being a grand individual
he won first prize as aged bull and a
special prize of about 3150 at the Inter-
national Exposition at Kilburn, London,
in 1879. These various records indicate

—28—

great show character on the part of
Young Viscount. It is a remarkable
record for any bull to campaign for six
years and have an unbroken list of first
prizes. So great an impression as an
individual. did he make that in 1882
Campbell Macpherson Campbell wrote of
him: ‘Young Viscount is an undefeated
bull, and is acknowledged by breeders
to be the best bull of the breed ever
seen.”’

In 1878 this son of Erica 3d was pur-
chased by Sir George Macpherson Grant
for 225 guineas (about $1,125), the highest
price paid for an Angus up to that time.
From then he went into active breeding
service in the Ballindalloch herd, where
he was used with great success, as will
appear further on.

Young Viscount possesses special in-
terest for American breeders, as well as
British. While retained until his death
in Scotland, he proved to be a male of
great prepotency, and his descendants
have played a most important part in
American Angus development. Reference
to almost any catalogue of to-day, show-
ing pedigrees of this breed, will show
the name of Young Viscount occurring
four to six generations back. Several
of his sons are worth more than passing
comment. No doubt his most. distin-
guished son was Ermine Bearer 1749, out
of Erminia 1750. This bull was imported
from Ballindalloch by Mossom Boyd &
Co. of Bobcaygeon, Canada. In their
herd he proved a great sire, and his sons,
Abactor and Abbotsford 2702 became two
great bulls. The former sired Jean’s
Abactor 2d, the first prize yearling bull
at the World’s Columbian Exposition in
1893, while the latter, as the sire of Black
Monk 13214, secures permanent. place
among the famous sires. Mr. McGavock,
referring to Ermine Bearer in the Breed-
er’s Gazette (Aug. 28, 1901), says: “Er-
mine Bearer is, I believe, entitled to the
distinction of being America’s foremost
sire of high-class producing dams.’”’ Lu-
cia Windsor, a daughter, was dam of
Gay Lad 19538, the champion bull of 1895
and 1896, which as a 5-year-old sold at
$3,050. Another daughter, Lucia Estill,
sold in the Estill dispersion sale at $2,800.
There are numerous descendants of Er-
mine Bearer that became great prize
winners.

Another son of Young Viscount that
attracts attention is Bushranger (2012).

—29—

He was bred at Ballindalloch, and came
into the possession of Estill & Elliott,
where he was for some time at the head
of the Woodland herd at Estill, Mo. He
was a very short-legged, thick-fleshed
bull, and sold at public auction at $1,150.
He was the sire of a champion bullock
of the 1888 fat stock show named Dot,
and of a bull named Estill Erick, that
proved to be a high-class sire of pro-
ducing dams.

Still another son of Young Viscount
was King of Trumps 2690, out of Duchess
of Verulam 2748, owned by Mossom Boyd
& Co. of Canada. This bull had the same
great prepotency seen in his sire, and
was also a celebrated show animal. In
1883 he was first prize 2-year-old at To-
ronto, and also at the Dominion exposi-
tion at Ottawa, winning a silver medal at
the latter show as the best bull of any
age. In 1884 he again won first prize at
each of these fairs, and in 1886 was first
prize bull at Toronto for the _ third
time.

A daughter of Young Viscount, bred at
Ballindalloch, by the name of Katinka
778 (4669), cost $1,500 in Scotland, and was
a cow “of wonderful individual merit.”
She was owned by Wallace Estill of Es-
til, Mo.,:and proved to be an excellent
dam.

The great importance of Young Vis-
count’s blood has been best seen in mat-
ing with the Blackbird tribe. Take up a
catalogue showing prominent Blackbird
breeding, and Young Viscount and ‘his
descendants make a striking showing.
Take, for example, the pedigree of Black
Monarch of Emerson 30331, one of the
prominent service bulls of to-day. He is
six generations removed on each side of
the family from the subject of this
sketch, Young Hero 1921, his son, being’
sire of Rugby 6140. The latter, bred to
Blackcap of Keillor Lodge 2095, dropped
the famous Blackbird Hero 14494, the
grandsire of Black Monarch of Emerson,
on both sire and dam’s side. The blood
of Young Viscount, however, is found
abundantly in other tribes.

Volume 1 of the American Aberdeen-
Angus herd book contains 5,200 names of
animals registered, and Young Viscount
was sire of thirty-two of these, twenty-
three being bulls. These sons of his are
sires of hundreds of animals registered
in this volume, many of which are well
known to fame.

It is hardly a third of a century ago
that Young Viscount appeared as a can-
didate for show honors and _ breeding
fame. His record in competition with
the best in the Scotch show ring, and the
added records of offspring and descend-
ants during twenty-five years in Angus
history, stamp him as the greatest breed-
ing bull since 1875. Many claim him to
be the greatest Angus bull in history,
and there are many facts to support
their argument.

331

1X JILT (973) 422

Among'‘the various tribes of Aberdeen-
Angus cattle the Jilt stands prominent.
We naturally pay considerable deference
to a matron of dignified and impressive
bearing and quality, but in the case of
Jilt (973) 422, the foundress of this tribe,
there are quite exceptional reasons why
one should pay her homage. She was
not the greatest of show cows in her
time; there were better ones. Yet she
was a worthy individual, for she was
a second-prize winner at the Highland
and Agricultural show of Scotland in
1864, and won the same place the next
year at the Royal Northern. In view of
the fact that both McCombie and others
were making great shows of Angus in
those days, a second place in the ring
must mean much of individual merit.

Jilt (973) was bred by William Mc-
Combie at Tillyfour. She had for sire
one of the most impressive and valuable
bulls of that time, Black Prince of Tilly-
four (366) 77, a descendant of Queen
Mother, while her dam was Beauty ot
Tillyfour 2d (1180) 423. The sire was
bred by McCombie and the dam by Wat-
son, and each animal represented the
blood from which great individuals may
be created. Jilt was dropped in 1863, and
in 1867 was purchased at McCombie’s sale
for about $350 by Sir George Macpherson
Grant for the herd at Ballindalloch.
When she was 10 years old, Thomas Far-
rall, in a prize essay on this breed, pub-
lished by the Highland and Agricultural
society, wrote: ‘‘Though several sum-
mers have somewhat dashed her bloom,
she is still a cow of great size and many
good points.”

Although the Ballindalloch herd is a
very old one, McCombie regarding it as
one of the oldest in north Scotland, it
has been said that it got its first good
start with the Jilt stock. And this leads
us to Jilt, the breeder, and here she
stands out in history as a really wonder-
ful cow. So superior as individuals and
breeders were her sons that she has
been happily termed ‘‘the mother of
monarchs,”’ the appropriateness of which
will appear farther on. Jilt bred to 16
years of age and had nine calves, and
as she ceased to breed was slaughtered

—32—

in her seventeenth year. The following
is a list of Jilt’s sons and daughters:
Juryman (404) 421.......... Sire, Bright (454) 375
DOStEL: (B72) VAT ogress secession eotie erie acares Sishecadons
is sca Sire. Victor of Ballindalloch (403) 528
DOO): (3413): LOGS sce e seats datsas asce eed eek oetia oti
oe Sire. Victor of Ballindalloch (403) 528

Jewess (1916) 852....... Sire, Exciseman (473) 801
Judge (1150) ais in Senta arenes oe sire, Scotsman (474) 482
Judy (2996) 4131.......... ire, oa Hore (741) 474

Juno of Ballindalloch issiay AQ00 ne theres

ia Ata ape ce bp: ..Sire, Ballimore (741) 474
Justice (1462) $54............ Si ine, Elcho (595) 527
General of Tillyfour (1332) 5158.............

eens SSPE US eran aes Sire, President 4th (368) 279

These are all recorded in volume 1 of
the American Aberdeen-Angus Herd-
book, as the registration numbers show.
Besides these, according to Judge Good-
win, there is another son, named Jacket.
sired by Editor, but not registered in the
American book.

It is interesting to note here that cus-
tom occasionally adopted by the breeders
of naming stock with a uniform letter—
a method apparently. well perpetuated
in the Jilt tribe, and, as Farrall says,
“a race or family of J’s difficult to com-
pete with.”

It will be well to briefly consider some
of these sons and daughters of Jilt.
Juryman, Judge and Justice brought
everlasting fame to the memory of the
cow. They formed a great trio, and
Americans must be especially interested
in them from the fact that both Judge
and Justice were purchased and used by
Judge’ J. S. Goodwin (then of Beloit,
Kan.) in his herd.

Juryman made his first appearance in
the show ring at the Highland at Dum-
fries, winning first place, and again at
the 1871 Highland at Perth, winning first
as aged bull. In 1871 he was referred
to as ‘‘a remarkably good looking as
well as a most valuable stock bull.”

Judge was calved in 1875, and he se-
cured fame by winning first prize in the
aged bull class at the Paris exposition,
and so has been dubbed “the world
beater.”” He was imported to Rouga-
mont, Quebec, by George Whitfield, who
later sold him to Judge Goodwin, in
whose possession he died.

Justice, ‘‘the incomparable,” was calved
in 1878, and he, perhaps, attained the
most fame of these famous. brothers.
Justice was first shown as a yearling at
Perth in 1879, and at the Highland show,
where he was “splendidly brought out,”
and won first place in class. In 1880, at
the Highland at Kelso, he was second as

eee, 1 ee

2-year-old, “through a_ little lightness
around the girth,” being defeated by
Prince of the Realm. The next year,
however, at the Stirling Highland show,
with the same two bulls inthe ring, this
decision was reversed, and Justice became
the first prize aged bull, the highest An-
gus honor in Scotland. The quality of
Justice was said to be quite remarkable.
It is interesting to note, regarding him,
‘that he was sired by a half brother, his
grandsire being Juryman, Jilt’s first calf,
out of the original Erica (843). Here we
have a union of two of the greatest Angus
tribes of cattle, from which most for-
tunate results were secured. Judge
Goodwin made a special trip to Scotland
and purchased Justice, and he died at
Beloit, in his herd, on July 3, 1886.

Jewel’ has been considered the best
daughter of Jilt. She was shown at the
United Banffshire show, where she won
first prize and a gup as the best polled
animal exhibited, but she fell to third
place at both Highland and Royal North-
ern shows in 1877. She proved to be a
high-class breeder, and was first as one
of a pair of Angus breeding cows at the
Royal Northern in 1878. Her son, Jupiter
of Aberlour, was a famous prize winner,
and a daughter, Jill, was about the first
close descendant: of Jilt to be imported
to America.

Jewess was a very large cow of an ex-
cellent sort that was retained to breed
at Ballindalloch.

Mainly through the preceding five sons
and daughters has come most. of the
fame of Jilt. The bulls were used ex-
tensively at Ballindalloch, and with con-
siderable success; in fact, with greater
success than marked the career of Judge
and Justice in America. The Jilts have
proved to be great bull breeders. and
consequently much of the reputation of
the tribe has come from this source. Re-
ferring to this feature, Judge Goodwin, in
an interesting communication on Jilt in
the Breeder’s Gazette (June 22, 1892)
says: “For a number of years there was
scarcely any female increase at Ballin.
dalloch, and as a result almost the entire
reputation of the family has been made
by the bulls. Those sold from the herd,
however, have been very prolific, until
now more Jilts are owned away from
BallindalNoch than there, although only
four females have been disposed of in
the past twenty years, until within the

ae eae

past year. * * * It is on account of
the facts just stated that it has been
well nigh impossible to secure any of
the females of this family at any price.”

As before noted, Jilt was a cow of large
size, and this quality in her seems to
have been transmitted to her descend-
ants, probably largely through her three
great sons, for Judge Goodwin credits
Judge with weighing about 2800 pounds,
and Justice exceeding 3000 pounds, each
of which represent enormously heavy an-
imals. The quality of flesh and softness
of hair are also commented on as distin-
guishing features of the Jilts.

The blood of Jilt has been liberally
used among the Ericas and Prides, and
is found playing an important part in
the best Prides of to-day. The sire of
Prince Ito’s dam is Justice, while Jury-
man occurs three times in the sixth gen-
eration on the sire’s side. Young Viscount
was bred with success to both of Jilt’s
daughters, Jewel and Jewess, and from
those unions have come other J’s, to the
advantage of the breed.

Jilt in her three choicest sons was a
thrice worthy matron, yet even Justice
alone made impression enough on the
breed to bring fame to such a dam. The
excellence of Jilt should be _ indelibly
chronicled in the annals of Scotch Angus
history. i

—35—

| X SOVEREIGN (404) 221

Early Hereford cattle history gives
only limited information concerning
those animals that had an important
influence on the breed. The Tomkins
family in MHerefordshire is generally
recognized to be the most important
factor in the early improvement of the
breed. This began with Richard Tom-
kins, who died in 1723; was continued
by his son Ben Tomkins, known as the
elder, born in 1714 and died in 1789, and
concluded with Ben Tomkins, _ the
younger, the greatest breeder of the
three, son of the first Ben, born in 1745
and died in 1814. Tomkins the younger
had two bulls—Wellington (4) and Silver
Bull (41). These are, so far as we know,
the real great early improvers of the
breed, yet we know comparatively little
of their life history.

Following soon after the time of the
two bulls named came Sovereign (404).
He was calved at Purslow, Shropshire,
in 1820, and was bred by John Hewer.
Following Tomkins, no family had a
more impo1tant influence in the develop-
ment of the Hereford than that of
Hewer. William was the father and
John, the son, the breeder of Sovereign,
was born in 1787 and died in 1873. The
importance of these two persons is in-
dicated by MacDonald and Sinclair in
their history of Hereiord cattle, in which
they state that ‘“‘the student of the Herd
Book will find that nearly every valu-
able strain of Herefords at the present
day is full of Hewer blood.”’

Sovereign, also known as Old Sover-
eign, was sired by Favorite (442) and
was out of a cow named Countess. Both
his sire and dam were from the same
parents—viz., Young Wellington (505)
and Cherry, by Wellington (507). Con-
sequently Sovereign was the result of
the union of own brother and sister, the
very closest of in-breeding known.

Just what the personal characteristics
of Sovereign were we can only con-
jecture in part, for little description is
left of him. In those days Herefords
were variable in color, and so late as
1846, when volume 1 of the English Here-
ford Herd Book appeared, the breed as
based on color was placed in four groups

—viz., mottle face, white face, gray and
light gray. Sovereign was typical of
the modern Hereford in color, being
white of face, breast, belly, top‘of neck,
shanks and pasterns, and white. brush
to tail. The best judges of those days,
it is said, found much of merit in this
bull, and he was hired out to the fol-
lowing distinguished breeders during the
fifteen years of ‘his life:

Robert Tench, Bromfield, Salop.

Lord Sherborne, Gloucestershire.

Earl Ducie, Gloucestershire.

Thomas Wells, Hamnet.

Richard Kilmister, The Grove.

Messrs. Hewer, Northbleach.

Sir H. Hoskyns, Bart., Harewood.

Thomas Jeffries, The Grove.

Thomas Jeffries, Jr., Cotmore.

Edmund Jeffries, The Grove.

Richard Yeomans, Howton.

John Turner, Noke.

Messrs. Rogers, Sternsbach.

The influence of Sovereign on the herds
owned by the breeders listed was simply
remarkable, and he did more to spread
abroad the fame of Hereford cattle than
any other animal in his time. So pre-
potent was he, and so successful was
Hewer, that many of the best Hereford
breeders of those days were induced to
introduce Hewer bulls into their herds.
“Sovereign is said to have done won-
ders in every herd he was used in,” and
the mating of his blood with that from
Lottery (410) is said to have been still
more effective. Two men received very
marked benefits from using Sovereign in
their herds—viz., Thomas Jeffries and’
Sir Hungerford Hoskyns. They were
both famous breeders. The latter did
much to extend and improve the breed,
and during his time used fourteen dif-
ferent Hewer-bred bulls.

Probably the most distinguished ani-
mal sired by Sovereign was Cotmore
(376) 150, which he sired when 15 years
old. He was bred by Thomas Jeffries
and was the first-prize Hereford male
at the initial show of the Royal Agri-
cultural society held at Oxford in 1839.
It is given in Hereford literature that
Cotmore weighed thirty-five hundred-
weight, or 3920 pounds, so that he was
an animal of most unusual size, while
his sire was not. Sovereign also sired
Wormelow, an animal of much merit,
owned by Sir H. Hoskyns, ‘‘and many
others of equal merit.’”’ Among his heif-
ers was Fatrumps, the first-prize cow
of 1840 at the Royal show. Spot, the
winning cow at the 1839 Royal, was by
a son of Sovereign.

pe |

In consideration of the fact that this
bull lived to be 15 years of age, and was
used in at least fourteen different and
prominent herds, it is almost impossible
to see how one could trace back the
pedigree of Hereford cattle to early days
without getting into Sovereign blood.
Sir David, known as one of the great
Hereford bulls of history, was a great-
grandson of Sovereign, and probably de-
rived some of his excellence from him.
The blood of Grove the 3d, famous both
in England and America, runs’ back
through Sir Benjamin to Sovereign. The
same may be said of Garfield, Earl of
Shadeland 22d, Elton ist, Lord Wilton
and a host of others.

The profits derived from the use of
Sovereign were very unusual. Not only
was there that unmeasurable value from
having such a sire in the herd, which
Hewer enjoyed, but it is also said that
Hewer received £640 18s, or about $3,205,
from the various people who hired the
bull. The fact that Sovereign was used
by so many people is an expression of
good will on the part of Hewer toward
his fellow-breeders, which is a happy
condition for us to look to, even.in this
day and generation. Sovereign certainly
was worthy of his hire.

35

XI SIR DAVID (349) 68

Just about a quarter of a century
after the birth of Sovereign another
epoch-making Hereford sire appeared on
the scene. Sir David (349) 68 was calved
Feb. 13, 1845, and was bred by David
Williams of Brecon, Wales. Brecon is
a town of nearly 6,000 inhabitants, lying
about thirty-eight miles westerly from
the city of Hereford.

Sir David is entitled to a place in the
Hereford list of old worthies for two
distinct and different reason—first, he
was a great show bull in his time, and,
second, he proved himself to be one of
those breeders which only rarely occur
in the history of a breed. His show
yard career really began in 1846, when
as a yearling at the show of the Royal
Agricultural society he won the first
prize in class of twenty sovereigns at
Newcastle-on-Tyne. He was then shown
by J. N. Carpenter of Eardisland near
Leominster. At the Royal show in 1849
at Norwich he was shown by Edward
Price, Court House, Pembridge, when he
won first place in the aged bull class.
He also won the challenge sweepstakes
at the Royal shows of both 1848 and 1849.
At the Hereford Agricultural show in
1848 he was first prize in class, and
the following year at the same show
was first with cow and offspring. Both
in 1848 and 1849 he won first prize and
sweepstakes at Hereford in competition
open to all England. Again, in 1848, he
was first at both Ludlow and Leominster
with four of his offspring.

Such a record as this in the show ring,
in the very heart of the Hereford coun-
try, must clearly point to a bull and
sire of extraordinary merit.

The ancestry of Sir David is a matter
of uncertainty. His sire was Chance
(348), and his dam, Duchess, was mated
to her own sire, which was also Chance,
from which came Sir David. Back of
Chance lies the uncertainty; his dam
was a cow named Victoria, which got
loose and into a field with several young
bulls, on which occasion she got in calf.
As some of these young bulls were by
her own sire it will be noted that Sir
David is strongly in-and-in bred. The
dam of the cow, Victoria, was sired by

—39—

Sovereign (404), so that Sir David rightly
comes by his superior excellence as an
individual and a breeder. As bearing
on his pedigree, Macdonald and Sinclair
in their ‘‘History of Hereford Cattle”
say: ‘Lord Berwick’s sale catalogue of
Sept. 23, 1858, extends his pedigree, stat-
ing, in notes to lots 34 and 102, that he
was the son of Duchess, and this is cor-
roborated in a note to lot 1 in the Cronk-
hill sale catalogue of Sept. 17, 1861, when
the herd was dispersed after Lord Ber-
wick’s death. If this extension is cor-
rect the pedigree of Sir David should
stand thus: Sire, Chance (348); dam,
Duchess by Chance; grandam, Old
Duchess by White Nob (345); great-
grandam by Young Wellington (505).”

The real significance of the impor-
tance of Sir David in Hereford history
is to be seen in the character of his
offspring and his descendants. One of
his most prepotent sons was Sir Ben-
jamin (13887), an animal that became
famous in the show ring as well as a
breeder. Sir Renjamin was sire of Sir
Richard, a bull that was second at the
Royal show in 1858 at Chester and first
at the Leed’s Royal in 1861. He also
was a prize winner at Hereford, Lud-
low and Leominster. Sir Benjamin was
an illustration of the value of crossing
blood lines that would nick ‘well to-
gether, for he was the result of a union
of Sir David with Mr. Rogers’ Pretty-
maid family. Sir David was 11 years of
age when Sir Benjamin was calved.

An important granddaughter of Sir
David sired by Sir Benjamin was Queen
of Lilies (1887). She won the first prize
az the Royal show at Manchester in 1869,
and she was also a winner at the Bath
and West of England show at South-
ampton. She was bought by the Earl
of Southesk and was later purchased by
Philip Turner of the Leen, in whose
hands she became a great breeding cow.

Pembridge (721) was another famous
son of this bull, and he is described as
being “a larger and grander bull than
Sir Benjamin; of great constitution and
very level all over; in color very dark,
with a beautifully soft and abundant
coat of long, wavy hair and little white.”
He was winning calf at the Royal show
at Norwich in 1849, and was first in
class at the Royal in 1852 at Leeds, while
he was a winner at both Ludlow and
Hereford. Referring to Pembridge, Wil-
liam Housman says that he also jn-
herited Sir David’s marvelous impressive
power.

—40—

Stanway (2790), bred by William Tudge,
and the first-prize aged Hereford bull
at the Royal at Oxford in 1870, was a
great-grandson of Sir David. In fact,
as one glances along down the line of
great show winners in England between
1850 and 1870, he must be impressed with
the great part the blood of Sir David
plays in the pedigrees of these animals.
Here one finds sons and daughters,
grandsons and granddaughters, and still
others, winning the choicest places in
Hereford competition.

Back to Sir David do we trace some
of the choicest blood lines of American
Hereford stéck. Corrector and Improver,
two of T. F. B. Sotham’s great bulls,
trace back on both sire and dam’s side
to Sir David. The Grove 3d 2490, Earl
of Shadeland 22d 27147. Garfield 7015, Sir
Richard 2d 970a, Cassio 11353 and a host
of others descend in various degrees
from Sir David.

British authors that discuss the Here-
ford breed pay high tribute to this bull.
William Housman, one of the very best
authorities on the beef breeds in Eng-
land, in his excellent work on ‘Cattle,
Their Breeds and Management,” refer-
ring to this bull, says: ‘‘The influence
of Sir David as a sire proved to be one
of those extraordinary powers which iu
the histories of breeds occasionally rise
up far beyond the expectations of the
breeders from whose herds they come
forth.” He further says: ‘It is not
possible here to enumerate the illustrious
descendants of Sir David: the prize lists
of the leading agricultural societies are
full of them.” Macdonald and Sinclair,
in their work on ‘‘The History of Here-
ford Cattle,’ class Sir David as ‘‘one of
the most influential sires known in the
history of the Hereford or of any other
breed of cattle.”

This bull was used in eight different
herds, but he was most intimately iden-
tified perhaps with those of Edward
Price, Court House, Pembridge, and
Lord Berwick, at Cronkhill. He passed
his latter days in Lord Berwick’s herd,
where he sired a number of animals of
merit, including Conqueror (1929). At 15
years of age he was sold to a butcher—
a most miserable and degraded ending
for a bull that had contributed so much
during a long lifetime to the uplifting of
a breed. Certainly he was entitled to
a more generous treatment in the sunset
of life.

et,

American literature contains but scant
reference to Sir David. Yet many of
the comments on the Hereford breed
pay tribute to him through the lauda-
tion which comes to his descendants.
Yet a half century is a long time in the
history of a breed, and animals of emi-
nence to-day in the space of time become
rapidly forgotten. The student of Here-
ford pedigree, however, that carries his
work back to foundation stock will read-
ily comprehend the importance of Sir
David in this connection.

—42—

X11 | LORD WILTON (4740) 4057

It is an interesting coincidence that
some of the most famous of Hereford
cattle bred in England were favored with
titled names. Sovereign, Sir David and
now Lord Wilton (4740) 4057, were all of
the highest character in their generation.
The latter individual, however, was the
sensational bull of his day, and in all
that goes to make a great bull he perhaps
may be regarded as the greatest Here-
ford sire in history. His story runs after
this manner:

Lord Wilton was bred by William
Tudge of Adforton, England, and was
calved Aug. 30, 1873. His sire was Sir
Roger (4133) 3850, and his dam was Lady
Claire by Marmion (3242) 4117. On the
side of the sire Lord Wilton traces back
to Sir David through Sir Roger, Sir
Thomas and Sir Benjamin. On the dam’s
side, second dam Lady Adforton, by Pilot
(2156), third dam Lady Ashford, by Car-
bonel .(1525), fourth dam Lady, by Orle-
ton (901), fifth dam Lady, by Nelson
(1021), sixth dam Lady, by Turpin (300),
seventh dam Lady, by Tully bull. On
both sire and dam side Sir David is no
unimportant factor in Lord Wilton’s ped-
igree.

In Mr. Tudge’s hands Lord Wilton as
a calf won first in class in 1874 at the
shows at Leominster and Ludlow, though
his half brother, Regulator (4898), won
over him at the Royal show at Bedford,
and at the Bath and West of England at
Bristol, and the Hereford Agricultural at
Hereford in 1874. In 1875, as a yearling,
with Regulator out of the contest, Lord
Wilton won first place in class at the
Royal Agricultural Society of England
show at Taunton, at the Bath and West
of England show at Croydon, and the
Hereford Agricultural society show at
Hereford. He had, however, been pur-
chased at the Croydon show by Lewis
Lloyd of Monk’s Orchard, Surrey, and
from Hereford he went to his new home.
Here he sired some superior stock, and
especially steers, that were shown at
Smithfield, but the herd was not in the
Hereford district, and little attention was
directed to him. In 1879 Mr. Lloyd ex-
hibited Lord Wilton at the Kilburn In-

—43—

ternational show, but he was not in the
best form, and could.only get the place of
“commended.” Here T. J. Carwardine
of Stocktonbury, Leominster, was at-
tracted to him, and after negotiating with
Mr. Lloyd exchanged him for a bull calf
and £5 ($25). In 1881, in Mr. Carwardine’s
possession, Lord Wilton won first and
championship against all breeds at Lord
-Tredegar’s show at Newport, and again
at the same show in 1882, defeating this
latter year Mr. Rogers’ Archibald (6290).
At Leominster in 1882 he was in the bull,
cow and offspring class, and helped se-
cure the first place, while this same year
he was the first prize bull at the Shrop-
shire and West Midland show at Ludlow.
This closed his show yard career.

Writing of Lord Wilton’s personal
characteristics, William Housman has
thus expressed himself: ‘Lord Wilton
does not fill the eye as an absolutely big
bull, but he has ample _ proportionate
length, and, like the Adforton bulls in
general, a robust character, the bone not
too heavy, but made to bear a great
weight of beef, and he furnishes heavily
in the fore flank and other flesh points.
His head has plenty of width across the
upper part, not too much length in the
lower part. The horns of medium size
for a Hereford, and of ,inward and de-
scending curve, harmonize with the kind-
ly, open countenance, and the hanging
lap of surplus skin. gives masculine depth
from ear to throat.”

Further evidence as to the character of
this bull is quoted from an unnamed
English paper in Shadeland Farm cata-
logue, as follows: “At 10 years old he
carries a magnificent form and appear-
ance, being very massive, Droad and
deep, standing low to ground, with great
solidity and substance, but remarkably
even, and no coarseness whatever. One
striking feature is his full, deep chest
and great girth behind the shoulders,
with fullness at crops, chines and loins.’’

The death of Mr. Carwardine resulted
in it being necessary to sell his herd, so
that it was put up at public auction by
Alfred Edwards on Aug. 28 and 29, 1884.
This was the great sale in Hereford
history, and Lord Wilton was its stellar
attraction. In the Christmas number of
the Breeder’s Gazette for 1900 John Hill,
who interestingly writes ‘“‘The Story of
Lord Wilton,” gives the following ac-
count of his placing under the hammer:

—=445—

“The sale at Stocktonbury brought to-
gether a very large company, and specu-
lation ran high as to what the animals
would realize. Prices exceeded even
what was expected, and when the great
bull came into the ring the excitement
was intense. The two last bidders were
Sir James Rankin, M. P., and Mr.
Vaughan. When the sum of 3,000 guineas
was reached there was a pause. Sir
James unfortunately had to leave before
the bull was offered, or the result would
probably have been different. “He left
his bailiff, Mr. Shaw, with instructions
to secure Lord Wilton, and, sitting clos2
to Mr. Shaw and just above where Mr.
Vaughan was standing, I heard the
former bid 3,700 guineas; then the latter
capped it with an offer of 3,800 ($19,000).
Mr. Shaw, in the absence of his em-
ployer, prudently retired from the con-
test and the hammer fell. A most re-
grettable incident afterward occurred,
the purchaser failing to find the amount
due. It ended in a further auction the
following spring, and Lord Wilton be-
came the joint property of Messrs. Wil-
liam Tudge of Leinthall and Thomas:
Fenn of Downton, at 1,000 guineas
($5,000).”’

The success of Lord Wilton’s offspring
in the show ring first attracted attention
in 1881, when the bulls Sir Bartle Frere
(6682) 6419 and Romeo and the heifers
Venus and Henrietta were first in their
classes at the Royal Agricultural society
of England show at Derby. Mr. Carwar-
dine brought his herd prominently before
the public at the important shows, ‘‘and
its constant successes became the chief
subject of conversation in the Hereford
world, both at home and abroad.”

Many of Lord Wilton’s sons an4d
daughters have attained fame in both
show ring and the breeding herd. Sir
Bartle Frere was purchased by Adams
Earl for his famous Shadeland herd at
Lafayette, Ind., he paying $3,000 for him.
He won the most distinguished honors
in the leading English and American
shows, as well as siring many great
sons and daughters, both for Mr. Carwar-
dine and Mr. Earl. He died in service
at Shadeland in his seventeenth year, a
great son of a great sire. Sir Bartle
Frere, Monarch, Hotspur and Grov2
Wilton 3d—all sons of Lord Wilton—
were all first-prize winners at the Royal
show in England, as were also his daugh-
ters Venus, Henrietta and Dorothea.

—45—

The offspring of the above sons and
daughters also took prominent place at
the Royal and other shows. Monarch
had three sons that were Royal winners,
while another son of Lord Wilton, named
Baugham, had two sons and two daugh-
ters that were Royal prize winners.
Other sons of Lord Wilton that had
prize-winning offspring at the Royal on
different years unite to make a most
remarkable showing for this bull. It is
a record that perhaps cannot be equaled
in British cattle history.

Lord Wilton died in May, 1886, of heart
disease while still owned by Messrs.
Tudge and Fenn. While the loss was
great, he left in their possession some
very choice stock, which materially as-
sisted in maintaining the reputation of
these well-known herds. Lord Wilton
blood has been extensively distributed
over America through his transported
sons and daughters and their descend-
ants, much to the advantage of our
herds. To him American Hereford breed-
ers are indebted for much that is best
in their herds.

=46==

XU CHAMPION OF ENGLAND

(17526)

Up in north Scotland, in a land of
rugged worth, developed Scotland’s
greatest Shorthorn breeder, Amos:
Cruickshank. Taking up his work along
in the latter years of the days of Thomas
Bates, he sought to develop a class of
Shorthorns of pronounced constitutional
vigor, thick fleshed, early maturing and
compact of form. Patient, quiet, deter-
mined, he held to his task and sought
to create his ideals. Finally, after more
than a score of years, came a bull calf
into his hands that furnished the long
lacking medium of improvement.

Champion of England (17526) was
dropped on Nov. 29, 1859. He was a roan
in color and had for a sire Lancaster
Comet (11663), while he was out of Virtue
by Plantagenet (11906). Lancaster Comet
was used in the herd of Mr. Wilkinson,
and he was a grandson of Will Honey-
comb (5660) on both sire and dam’s side,
a thick-fleshed, level-backed, deep-
bodied, short-legged bull of much qual-
ity. Lancaster Comet had a coarse horn
and head and was not much admired by
Cruickshank until his real worth as a
breeder became demonstrated. Verdant,
by The Exchequer (9721), the dam of
Virtue, was a thick-fleshed cow of real
merit, bred by Cruickshank. She had
twin heifers, Virtue and Verdure, by
Plantagenet, and they both proved great
breeders. Verdure was the dam of Scar-
let Velvet (16916), a bull of much value
in the herd of Campbell of Kinellar.
Virtue, the dam of Champion of Eng-
land, is said to have been a red cow
with some white, rather given to ex-
cessive milk production when suckling
a calf, and fleshing readily when dry.
The ancestry of Champion of England
shows that he was entitled to inherit
the valued qualities of the beef-produc-
ing Shorthorn. :

As a calf Champion of England did
not excite large expectations. He was

exhibited in 1861 at the Royal ‘Agricul-
tural society of England show at Leeds,
but did’ not secure a place. This was
due to the fact that he was in the year-
ling class and had to compete against
2-year-olds. At Aberdeen, Scotland, he
succeeded in winning third place. The
fact was, Champion of England was not
an outstanding show animal, and this
fact for a time led Cruickshank to con-
sider selling him. Yet his owner finally
decided that he was worth a trial, for
he had plenty of quality and thriftiness.
Robert Bruce, writing of him only two
years ago in the Breeder’s Gazette, said:
“It has often been to me a matter of
regret that I did not look at this bull
more carefully when I saw him at Sitty-
ton. At that time I was deeply smitten
by the then fashionable ‘pedigree belief,’
and such a bull as Champion of Eng-
land, an animal having no show yard
record, failed to interest me much. He
Was passed over with the note: ‘Good
animal; great covering of flesh; under-
line not so good; quarters wanting fin-
ish.’ The thickness and substance of his
thighs appeared to me then to be less
desirable than the flat, wide thigh com-
mon to the English Shorthorns.”

In an article on ‘Recollections of Sit-
tyton Cattle,’’ also in the Breeder’s Ga-
zette, by A. Chalmers, who was person-
ally familiar with Cruickshank’s herd,
writing of Champion of England, he
said: ‘“‘Champion of England was a
production different from the original
stock at Sittyton, and his formidable
appearance was that of strength and
constitution—more bone and less style,
heavy head, thick, smooth chine, stiff
loin, hook bones slightly down from line
of back, smooth, well-filled rumps, with
square hindquarter and heavy twist.”
It may also be said additional to the
above that he was extremely strong in
his foreribs and showed in his develop-
ment great feeding capacity. His droop-
ing hindquarters he very likely inherited
from his dam, ‘‘a good-sized red animal
with plainish hindquarters,’ says Mr.
Jamieson.

Champion of England not being a
strong candidate for thé show ring, his
reputation must thus be due to his merit
as a breeder. And here lay his pre-
eminent merit. It was soon seen that
he was getting calves of the broad-
chested, full-ribbed, thick-fleshed, short-
legged class. As used in the Sittyton

herd. says Chalmers, he gave Cruick-
shank’s Shorthorns “more strength of
frame, with less inclination to width of
hook bone, increased the weight of
muscles and gave it on essential points,
and the calves were sturdy at birth. In
the. combination of strength of frame,
weight, quality and constitution all were
banded together with no little beauty.”
The use of Champion of England began
in the Cruickshank herd in 1860. Prior
to that time bulls of various breeding
had been used in the herd. With Cham-
pion of England, however, was intro-
duced along with the use of other bulls
the practice of in-breeding. The best
of results'did not follow this practice all
the time at Sittyton, but with Champion
of England and his offspring highly sat-
isfactory results ensued. As this great
Scotchman continued his career he was
instrumental in producing a number of
great females that became improvers of
the most popular tribes of to-day. In
this work Champion of England was
most important. Bred to Mistletoe by
Lord Raglan (13244), he sired Mimulus,
a great breeding cow, the dam of Royal
Duke of Gloster (29864), a very success-
ful breeding bull. His sire, Grand Duke
of Gloster (26288),:by Champion of Eng-
land, although he died as a 2-year-old,
was regarded as perhaps his best son.
Princess Royal, a magnificent daughter
of Champion of England, bred to Royal
Duke of Gloster, produced Roan Gauntlet
(35284), regarded as one of the greatest
if not the greatest bull bred by Cruick-
shank, excepting the subject of this
sketch. Roan Gauntlet was sire of the
famous Field Marshall (47870), the sire
of the great cow Princess Alice, im-
ported to America by Colonel W. A.
Harris. She was dam of Royal Hero
113611, the champion Shorthorn bull in
America in 1899, in the ownership of W.
T. Miller, Carlos City, Ind. She was also
dam of Young Marshall 110705 and Royal
Knight 117203, both high-class bulls.
Among the famous cows sired by
Champion of England, besides those
mentioned, are Village Belle, Village
Rose, Morning Star, British Queen, Car-
mine Rose, Silvery, Surmise, Circassia,
Violante, Finella and Victorine. The
value of this bull to Cruickshank con-
sisted in the unusual merit of these cows
as individuals and breeders. Not only
this, but his sons and grandsons proved
such prepotent transmitters, such su-

perior individuals, that they produced
large results in the Scotch ‘herds in
which they were used. They were found
to nick advantageously in those Scotch
tribes that lacked rib and heavy fleshing’
qualities.

Champion of England will live in his-
tory as the greatest and most potent
Shorthorn sire of Scotch breeding. It
would be impossible to measure his in-
fluence on the breed of to-day, but suf-
fice it to say that his sons and daughters
and their descendants make up a long
list of the famous breeding and prize-
winning Shorthorn cattle of America as
well as Great Britain. His history and
his influence merit careful study on the
part of all Shorthorn students.

a= $e

XIV YOUNG MARY

In 1833 there was organized at Chilli-
cothe, Ohio, what was known as the
Ohio Breeding and Importing company.
This was a stock company of prominent
stockmen, with the real purpose in view
of importing Shorthorn cattle to Amer-
ica. In January, 1834, Felix Renick sailed
to England, where, as agent of the com-
pany, he purchased seven Shorthorn
bulls and twelve cows. Among these
were two yearling heifers—Young Phyl-
lis by Fairfax (1023) and Young Mary
by Jupiter and out of Mary by Saladin
(1417)—that later became the founders
of two of the most popular and valuable
Shorthorn families in America. The
former was bred by the Earle of Carlisle
and was of very superior breeding, while
the latter, the subject of this sketch, was
bred by J. Clark, a slightly known
breeder, and did not hhave a pedigree of
importance compared with the other
cows imported. In England Young Mary
cost £26 10s (about $130).

These two heiférs were taken to Ohio
in 1834 and placed upon the farm of
Felix Renick in Ross county. Here
Young Mary was kept for about two
years, when she was sold at an auction
sale held by the Ohio company on Felix
Renick’s Indian Creek farm, on Oct. 29,
1836. This sale is of special interest
from the fact that it was the first com-
pany Shorthorn sale held in America.
Young Mary, then a 4-year-old, had a
heifer calf at foot named Pocahontas, by
Comet Halley, and the pair were pur-
chased by Edwin J. Harness of Ross
county for $1,500. That same season
Messrs. Vanmeter and Cunningham took
an interest in the cow and calf with Mr.
Harness, and by mutual agreement took
her to. Kentucky. where she passed the
remainder of her life on the farm of
Mr. Cunningham. Mr. Harness died soon
after the sale, so the heifer was then
owned by the other two partners.

Young Mary had no show yard career,
neither was she a distinctly show ani-
mal. Sanders says she.is descrined as
having been a large cow of striking
appearance, a light roan in color, with
some white, especially on her legs. Her
horns, which were inclined to be “‘crum-

pled,’”” were rather strong-and well car-
ried out from her head, which was broad
and well shaped,- with a good full eye.
Her neck was rather thin, shoulders
smooth, back broad,..rib . deep, udder
large and good. She was characterized
as being a remarkable milker and one
of the best milking Shorthorns owned
in the Vanmeter herds. During the early
stages of lactation, if on grass, she pro-
duced “a large pailful of milk morning
and evening after the calf had drunk its
fill.”

Young Mary proved to be a very long
lived and prolific cow. While authori-
ties do not entirely agree, she at least
lived to be 21.years old, having a heifer
calf then, which soon died. B. F. Van-
meter, a grandson of Captain Cunning-
ham, gave her produce as sixteen heifers
and four bulls. Her first calf was a roan
bull named Davy Crockett, calved on
Dec. 5, 1834, and sired by a bull Clark.
Her second calf, another roan _ bull,
named Logan, was sired by Duke of
York (1941), and was dropped Oct. 27,
1835. These two bulls were sold in the
same sale Young Mary was in, and Davy
Crockett was purchased ait $490 by Peter
L. Ayres of Ohio and Logan by Jonathan
Renick of Pickaway -county, Ohio, at
$750. Ayres was a man who did not keep
up his pedigrees, and no record is left
of the influence of Davy Crockett. Po-
cahontas, the third calf of Young Mary,
was dropped in 1836, and was sired by
Comet Halley (1855). Her fourth calf
was a red and white bull named Romu-
lus by Matchem (2283), that was bred
in Kentucky and was bought by James
Stonestreet of Clark county, who used
him in but a small way on pure-bred
stock. Besides the above, by the bull
Goldfinder (2066) she produced five calves
—viz., Hannah Moore, Judith Clark,
Lilac, Florida and Sarah Hopkins—that
developed into high-class, valuable cows.
Hannah Moore was a very successful
show cow, was well known on the Ken-
tucky fair grounds and is said to have
been undefeated. In 1886 William War-
field, than whom there is no greater
authority, wrote: ‘There never has been
a time since 1836 when Young Marys
and Young Phyllises were not winners
in the show rings of Kentucky, and ap-
eal there will never be such a
ime.”

Sanders in his history of Shorthorn
cattle states that Young Mary produced

—5 2

four bull calves, including besides the
above a roan bull, Tom Bigbee by Prince
Albert 2d, calved in 1848, that proved a
show bull. The records, however, would
make it appear that she had a fifth bull
calf, for Bulmer, Jr. 302, by Bulmer 300,
on page 109 of volume 2 of the Shorthorn
herd book, is given as a son of Young
Mary by Jupiter. This statement, how-
ever, William Warfield informs me, is not
true, and should have been corrected
years ago in the herd book. When
the Isaac Cunningham herd was auc-
tioned off in 1855 nineteen head of ‘‘thor-
oughbred Durham cows” catalogued with
one exception were Young Marys. Of
these two were from Pocahontas, ten
from Hannah Moore, four from Judith
Clark and ‘two from Lilac—all daughters
of Young Mary. At Solomon Vanmeter’s
sale in 1859, when thirty-seven females
were sold, nineteen were Young Marys.

Hannah Moore and Pocahontas were
the most useful daughters of Young
Mary. The former was foundress of the
Beck Taylor, Leslie and Flat Creek
branches of the family, and the latter of
the Red Rose. Judith Clark, one of the
other daughters, was a valuable breeder,
the Grace Youngs and Leopardess strains
descending from her.

The great breeding value of the blood
of Young Mary became manifest at once
in the mating of John Randolph 603, a
son of Young Phyllis (imp.) to Hannah
Moore, from which came Queen Anne
that was later the dam of Albert Gal-
latin 202, by Prince Albert 2d 857.

A daughter of Hannah Moore named
Beck was mated with much success to
to a show Young Phyllis bull, Dick Tay-
lor, resulting in a red heifer that was
named Beck Taylor. She was foundress
of a popular branch of the Young Mary
tribe. From Pocahontas was descended
two remarkable Red Rose cows, owned
by Ben F. Vanmeter, Red Rose 8th and
llth. These became famous show cows
in some of the greatest shows in Ken-
tucky. Red Rose 8th was champion
Shorthorn cow at the Philadelphia cen-
tennial. Her sister was also a prize
cow at the same show. Later the Grooms
of Kentucky bought and exported Red
Rose 8th to England, where she was
sold for $1,750, while Red Rose 11th was
purchased by Mr. Fox of the same coun-
try at $2,325. A son of Red Rose 1ith
was champion 4-year-old steer at tne
first American fat stock show -held at
Chicago.

a aoe

Young Mary breeding met with very
great favor in the middle west along in
the ’70s. C. M. Thomas, writing of Ken-
tucky Shorthorns in the Breeder’s Ga-
zette (Aug. 1, 1900), says: “Not one but
several chapters would be required to tell
of the glorious achievements of Young
Mary and her produce.” The Shorthorn
catalogues of those days were loud in
their praise of the blood of this family.
One catalogue says: “Her descendants
are counted by the score in almost every
state where Shorthorns are bred. They
have won lasting -lhonors in many well
contested show rings all over the land
and for useful qualities they have. few
equals.” :

The fame of Young Mary blood was
world-wide, and as late as 1887 a writer
in the London Live Stock Journal writes:
“Most of the Shorthorns bred in America
are of tribes which had won great dis-
tinction here before the first of it
‘crossed the water.’ Still there are ex-
ceptions; and the Young Marys, one
of the greatest’ families in the states, had
no reputation to speak of when the first
was taken out.” |

Since the setting in of the Scotch
Shorthorn tide the Young Mary family
has not attracted so much attention from
the younger breeders; neither is its his-
tory so well known by the present gen-
eration. However, Young Mary, as its
foundress, may justly be regarded as one
of the most distinguished and valuable
of the pioneer Shorthorn dams of Amer-
ica.

—54—

XV BLACK KNIGHT 4751

Among the really great Aberdeen-An-
gus herds of cattle that have been in ex-
istence in the United States was that of
T. W. Harvey of Chicago at Turlington,
Neb. The development of this herd be-
gan along in the early ’80s, and William
Watson, familiarly known as ‘Uncle Wil-
lie,” a son of the famous Hugh Watson
of Keillor, Scotland, was herd manager
during the most interesting part of its
history.

Black Knight 4751 (5887) was bred by
Gudgell & Simpson of Independence, Mo.,
and was calved on Oct. 30, 1883. His sire
was Knight of St. Patrick (2194) 354, and
ris dam Blackcap (4042) 1552.

The importance of this parentage of
Black Knight is first worthy of consid-
eration. His sire, Knight of St. Patrick,
was a great show bull in Scotland and
America. He was bred by R. C. Auld,
Bridgend, Scotland, and in 1881 won the
Highland and Agricultural society silver
medal as the best bull at the Leochel-
Cushnie Agricultural society show in
Scotland. Soon after, in 1882, he was im-
ported to America by Gudgell & Simpson
of Independence, Mo. Thereafter his
merit as a show bull became manifest.
In 1882 he was first in class at Minneap-
olis and St. Louis, and was also sweep-
stakes bull at the latter show. He also
headed the herd of five cows that won
first place at Minneapolis and St. Louis
for being the best polled herd, while at
Kansas City he headed the best herd of
any breed. In 1883 Knight of St. Patrick
was first in class at Minneapolis, Des
Moines, Kansas City and St. Louis, and
sweepstakes bull at the latter show. He
also headed the herd which won first at
Minneapolis and St. Louis as the best
polled herd, and was first at Topeka,
Kan., as the best herd of any breed.
Knight of St. Patrick was out of Pride
of Aberdeen 10th (3250) 355, and was a
grandson on both sides of Pride of Aber-

—55—

deen 5th 356, a daughter of the famous
Paris show cow Pride of Aberdeen, shown
by McCombie: Thus Knight of St. Pat-
rick, as a result of inheritance, deserved
to be a great show bull and breeder, and
this inheritance he transmitted to his son
Black Knight. Blackcap, the dam of
Black Knight, was the most noted cow in
the herd of Gudgell & Simpson, and was
a most unusual breeder. She was bred
by Sir George MacPherson Grant at Bal-
lindalloch, Scotland, and cost Gudgell &
Simpson $2,050. Not only was she re-
garded as one of the very best cows in
the Scotch herd, but Gudgell & Simpson
thought her the best cow by far in their
herd. She was out of Blackcap of
Corskie 3d, 733, and was four generations
from Lady Ida, from whom the Black-
bird tribe derived its foundress.

T. W. Harvey purchased the subject of
this sketch from Gudgell & Simpson for
$2,000, and he was taken to Turlington
early in 1886 by Mr. Watson, wnen he be-
gan service there.

Black Knight was not purchased for
the show ring, but for the breeding herd,
and as a sire he made his fame. As an
individual, however, he was a fine type
of the breed, and is described as low,
deep and thick, with back, loin and quar-
ter covered with a thick layer of flesh
most smoothly laid on. He also had a
well-developed crest and a _ beautiful
head, while as a whole he was stylish and
possessed much quality and finish.

The real, transcendant fame of this bull
came in 1893 as a result of the Angus
show at the World’s Columbian Exposi-
tion. Three daughter of his—Abbess of
Turlington 9327, Progress of Turlington
7116, and Heather Bloom of Turlington
7117—were placed in one, two, three order
in the aged cow class. Abbess and Prog-
ress were veritable sensations. In its re-
view of the Angus show on this occasion
the correspondent of the Breeder’s Ga-
zette wrote: ‘‘These two marvels of the
cattle breeder’s art can neither be ade-
quately described nor satisfactorily de-
lineated. The readiest of writers and the
cleverest of artists may strive in vain to
convey to the minds of those who have
not seen the animals any clear-cut con-
ception of their character. They are as
fine and neat as they are big; as wide as
they are low, as thick at the ends as in
their middles, as round and full and deep
and smooth as nature’s laws allow in the

= 5p

cattle kind.’”’ Besides these, Heather Lad
2d 7965, a son of Black Knight, out of
Rosa Bonheur of Turlington, at 6 years
old was first in class at the Columbian
exposition. This bull was bought at auc-
tion by Wallace Estill of Estill, Mo., for
$465, and was regarded as one of the
great Angus bulls of America. He be-
came a great breeder, being the sire of
Gay Blackbird 1443, third prize 2-year-old
at the Columbian, a most excellent bull,
and numerous others. In fact, over
three-fourths of the first prize winners
at the Columbian exposition were sired
by Black Knight or his sons.

At the Turlington sale Wallace Bstill
purchased Abbess for $825, and she
proved to be a most -excellent breeder.
Rumor has it that Leslie & Burwell of-
fered the equivalent of $4,000 for Progress,
which was refused. Both of these cows
were very large, weighing in show form
about 2000 pounds or more each.

Black Knight died June 20, 1891, at 8
years of age, and forty-eight hours pre-
ceding his death was in perfect health.
His last calf was a bull, Proud Black
Knight 16738, calved on Oct. 26, 1891. His
loss was so keenly felt by Mr. Harvey
that he remarked that he would rather
have sunk $10,000 in the sea than put
Black Knight under ground, for on him
he based much of his success as an An-
gus breeder. So high were the offspring
of this bull valued by Angus breeders
that during the last four years of his
life eighteen heifers ranging in age from
6 to 18 months, realized an average of
$425 at public sale, while nineteen bulls
of similar age averaged $300. Among
these sons were Heather Lad 2d, Guido
Knight, Keillor Knight and Keillor
Knight 2d, all of very superior merit. At
the time of Black Knight’s death there
were thirty heifers from 6 months to 4
years old sired by him on the farm at
Turlington.

Blackcap Judy 40226, the sensational
first prize calf at the International Live
Stock Exposition of 190U, later sold at
$6,300, the record price Angus female at
public sale, was out of Blackcap 2d 4752,
a full sister of Black Knight. Waterside
Blackcap, another full sister, sold to
Geary Bros. at public sale for $2,000.

With the Blackbird one of the highly
valued of Angus tribes, it will be clearly
seen that the importance of the influence
of Black Knight on the breed cannot be

easily overestimated. Many of the most
popular favorites of the show ring of to-
day trace back four to six generations to
this great sire. How shall we measure
his greatness? By the opinions of men
as influenced by the character of his de-
scendants. These, in this day, it may be
fairly said, designate Black Knight ‘the
greatest Angus bull America has pro-
duced.”’

XVI] THE GROVE 3D (5051) 2490

The career of The Grove 3d (5051) 2490
is full of interest because of a long life
of great usefulness, -one-half of which
was spent in Europe and the other half
in America. This bull was born on Nov.
5, 1874, on the farm of Benjamin Rogers,
known as ‘‘The Grove,” in Herefordshire,
England. Mr. Rogers was one of Eng-
land’s most distinguished breeders, and
this bull was out of a cow named Blos-
som, by Sir Thomas, while his sire was
Horace (8877), one of the epoch makers.
Rogers bred many remarkable cattle, in-
cluding Sir Benjamin, Prettymaid 2d, The
Grove, Bolingbroke, Sir Roger, Blossom
and others.

The Grove 3d did not fall into the way
of the show ring. With breeding of the
sort that suited the choicest tastes, and
with a high degree of individual merit,
he met the requirements of Philip Turn-
er of The Leen, Herefordshire, into whose
herd he went into. active service, and
where he remained until September, 1883,
when at public sale he was purchased
by C. M. Culbertson of Chicago, Ill., for
810 guineas (about $4,050).

At this time the fame of The Grove 3d
was well established, and many of the
best animals in the Turner sale were
sired by him. The price paid by Mr. Cul-
bertson was the highest price that had
been paid for a Hereford up to that time.
Rudolph (6660) 13478, a son of The Grove
3d, was purchased privately by Mr. Mor-
gan of this country for £700 ($3,500). Two
bull calves sired by The Grove 3d sold
at the sale, one at £278 5s, and another
at £210.

The offspring of The Grove 3d had at-
tracted much attention, especially at the
shows in Hereford and at the Shropshire
and West Midland Agricultural. His
heifers were a remarkable lot, and for
three years in succession, beginning with
1882, Mr. Turner captured first place for
the four best yearling heifers of the show
at Hereford, all but one exception being
daughters of The Grove 3d. These were
Ethel, Beatrice, Rosina, Hawthorn, for
1882; Portia, Bertha and Nina, for 1883,

ra
—35—

and Kathleen, Hilda, Violet and Milli-
cent, for 1884. Some-of these heifers were
very unusual show anirhals, and later
proved great breeders.

This bull in Mr. Culbertson’s choice
herd gave successful service for two
years, when he was sold to Adams Earl,
owner of the Shadeland herd, at La-
fayette, Ind., for $7,000, the record price
for a Hereford for many years. When
sold by Mr. Culbertson he had twelve
sons and fourteen daughters of this bull
on hand, with twenty-four of his best
cows in calf 'to him.

A great risk was involved in buying at
such a price at 11 years of age, but Mr.
Earl recognized that The Grove 3d came
from a long-lived ancestry, and thought
the possibilities justified the chance. His
sire, Horace, had sold at $2,500 when 9
years old, and continued in active serv-
ice till 16. Sovereign, from whom The
Grove 3d descended, was 15 years old
when he sired Cotmore. oUthers in the
family had lived to long years of use-
fulness. Purchased at 11 years, The
Grove 3d remained in service at Shade-
land for a long period, finally dying just
as he had entered his eighteenth year
on Dec. 3, 1891. The infirmities of old age
and the loss of his teeth caused him to
gradually lose strength during the last
year or two of his life, yet he gave up
tenaciously, as became an old veteran.
Respected in life by his owner and his
faithful attendant, Uncle John Lewis, the
herd manager, in the language of Mr.
Earl, his remains were ‘‘accorded a de-
cent burial.”

The writer was somewhat familiar
with this great bull while at Shade-
land, but it would seem appropriate to
here introduce an opinion on this bull’s
individuality as expressed by William
Housman in Bell’s Weekly Messenger,
than whom there is perhaps no better
critic in England. He is described as
“having extraordinary mellowness of
skin and flesh of the best kind and qual-
ity for a stock sire, the kind that in-
creases fast; his very touch tells that
under moderate pressure of keep he
would be soon thick fat. He had a great
growth of fine hair. The rise of the
chine line over the shoulder top into the
crest of the neck was particularly mas-
culine, and the head, not coarse nor
heavy, was still a bull’s head. In his
hind quarters he inherited from _ Sir

—60—

Thomas the width immediately behind
the hips. and to midquarter, but did not
end off so squarely as Sir Thomas did.
As an old bull he was as wide and full
and square and level as a model fat
heifer.” The writer might further add
that he was a bull of very short leg and
was a high type of a butcher’s beast, with
the head of a great breeding bull. In the
closing days of his life one of the pic-
turesque scenes at Shadeland was The
Grove 3d, reclining in the lot near the
barn, a dignified, veritable old monarch
of the highest Hereford type.

This bull was regarded as one of the
epoch-making Hereford sires. He pro-
duced a low-down, blocky, thick-fleshed
type most valuable in improving the
breed. Among his sons to add luster
to his fame were Cassio 13352, Hesiod
11975, Hartington 4010, Rudolph 13478,
Merlin 17929, Rocket. 2d 26793, Hogarth
20101, Earl Grove 2d, Earl Grove 4th and
Earl Grove 6th, the latter three being
used in the Shadeland herd.

Soon after the death of the bull in 1891
Mr. Earl wrote to the Breeder’s Gazette:
“The daughters left by The Grove 3d
at Shadeland sustain the reputation of
the old bull as a sire. They are among
the cream of the herd. * * * The pre-
potency of The Grove 3d is manifest in
every herd which has any of that blood.
They have the best of quality, are easy
keepers and early maturers; have splen-
did coats of soft, heavy hair; have
plenty of constitution; are good-tem-
pered (aside from an occasional Spartan
nervousness); have splendid heads and
bones, and very frequently are light in
color.” :

An excellent picture of The Grove 3d
may be seen in “The History of Here-
ford Cattle’ by Macdonald and Sinclair,
and also in the Breeder’s Gazette for
June 25, 1885. This fittingly shows his
dignity, style and impressiveness. As
was well expressed by the editor of the
above named journal at the time of his
death: ‘‘He was one of those strikingly
prepotent sires that now and then come
upon the scene, one scarcely knows why
or how (for breeding is not yet reduced
to the point where they can be built to
order), and that carve their names and
-their individuality upon the breed to
which they belong in such a manner
that for generations they are referred
to as beasts that have helped to make
povine history.”

a

xvi | DUKE OF AIRDRIE (12730)

2798

In the beautiful bluegrass region of
Kentucky, a few miles west of Lexing-
ton, is Woodburn, a historic place in
Shorthorn annals. Here R. A. Alexan-
der created a great stock farm, where
Thoroughbreds and Shorthorns of the
very best breeding and character were
produced. The herd of Shorthorns there
maintained brought world-wide fame to
Woodburn. Mr. Alexander had come
from Airdrie House, Scotland, where was
the family estate, and the bull Duke of
Airdrie (12730) 9798 was bred by him on
this Scotch farm, and from which he
derived his name.

In the winter of 1852-3 Mr. Alexander
and his brother, A. J. Alexander, visited
Great Britain with the view of buying
some choice Shorthorns. They selected
about eighty-three head, of which fifteen
were bulls. Among the cows bought was
a daughter of Duchess 54th, by 2d Duke
of Oxford (9046), named Duchess of
Athol. This heifer and her half-brother,
the 2d Duke of Athol (11376), had been
bred by Colonel Towneley, and Mr. Alex-
ander paid about $2,500 for the pair.
This heifer traced back through a line
of Duchesses to Duchess Ist by Comet,
and in her pedigree was the most pop-
ular Colling and Bates blood. From
Duchess of Athol came Duchess of Air-
drie by 2d Duke of Athol or Valiant
(10989), the head of this family in Amer-
ica. Duchess of Athol was then bred to
the Duke of Gloster (11382), from ‘which
union on Aug. 4, 1854, came the bull calf
Duke of Airdrie, the subject of this
sketch. Along in September, 1855, Mr.
Alexander brought to America the cow
Duchess of Athol and her two calves,
Duchess of Airdrie and Duke of Airdrie.
In this connection it is to be noted that
other cattle were imported at the same
time. The Alexander importatiors of
1853 and 1855 may be regarded as among
the most important drafts of Shorthorns
ever brought to America.

__Duke of Airdrie, on his arrival at
Woodburn, went into active service in
the herd there. Later in March, 1857, he
was hired by George M. Bedford of
Bourbon county, Kentucky, to serve fifty
cows in his herd, for which he was to

—62—

pay $1,250. From the Bedford hiring re-
sulted nearly fifty calves. While in Mr.
Bedford’s care Duke of Airdrie was also
bred to several cows vwned by Abram
Renick and Major Jere Duncan.

This bull was red and white in color,
and, while a superior individual, was not
a distinctly show animal. His sire, the
Duke of Gloster, is referred to as a
closer built, better type of bull. A. B.
Allen, who was very familiar with Short-
horns in England and this country, re-
garded the Duke of Gloster as the most
perfect type he had ever seen imported,
he being brought to New York by Mor-
ris & Becar. Duke of Airdrie inherited
from his sire very superior quality of
skin and hair, as well as his prominent
hips and long, level, high-class rumps.
His flanks were deep and his back very
level and straight. His head was ‘short
and with strong horns and was carried
with much dignity on a short neck that
had a prominent crest. His shoulders
were quite smooth and better than his
sire’s. He stood somewhat higher from
the ground than most breeders of to-day
desire, but his carriage was of a very
imposing nature. It is said that his off-
spring were remarkable for their deep
color, straight backs, deep flanks and
fine carriage. Some six months before
the bull died John R. Page, the well-
known live stock artist, painted a por-
trait of him, from which a copy was
reproduced in Sanders’ “History of
Shorthorn Cattle.’’

This Duke of Airdrie became the an-
cestor of many animals of high merit,
and without doubt he may be regarded
as the most important sire living in
America during the middle of the nine-
teenth century. In the American herd-
book he is referred to as ‘the original
progenitor of the American Dukes of
Airdrie, called in Kentucky ‘The Old
Duke.’ ”’

This bull is regarded as the most im-
portant factor in bringing fame _ to
Messrs. Alexander, Bedford and Renick.
Bred to Nannie Williams, a great show
cow owned by Jere Duncan, he produced
Duke of Airdrie 2743, an animal that
proved not only a great show bull, but
also a great breeder. He was a cham-
pion at local fairs in Kentucky, as well
as the state fairs of Kentucky and
Ohio. In 1866, at 8 years of age, he won
first prize as best aged bull at the Bour-
bon county fair. A son of his, Duncan’s

63

Airdrie 5615, was a celebrated prize win-
ner at Kentucky and Ohio shows from
1865 to 1873, and was a famous breeder
of heifers. The Louan family, which
developed in Mr. Duncan’s hands, ob-
tained great fame by the use of this
Airdrie blood. The celebrated Louan
show cow, Louddn Duchess 2d, result-
ed from. William Warfield breeding Duke
of Airdrie 2743 to the cow Miss Wiley
4th.

Another and perhaps the most famous
son of Duke of Airdrie (12730) was pro-
duced by mating him to the Rose of
Sharon cow Duchess, by Buena Vista 299,
the property of Abram Renick. From
this union came Airdrie 2478. Consider-
able has been written in the earlier live
stock periodicals about this bull, which
Sanders states ‘may safely be listed as
one of America’s greatest progenitors of
valuable Shorthorns.” He was not a
large bull, weighing 1900 to 2000 pounds
in medium flesh, was red, with little
white, and was not an outstanding show
bull. He proved to be a great breeder
of bulls. Among his best sons were
Sweepstakes 6230, Joe Johnson 10294, Air-
drie 3d, 13320, Dick Taylor 5508 and Air-
drie Duke 5306. All of these were promi-
nent as show animals in some of the
best herds in the Mississippi valley, and
won many prizes. Not only that, but
they also transmitted the prepotent
breeding quality of the old Duke. Air-
drie 2478 was almost the making of
Abram Renick’s herd, and his fame as
a breeder not only attracted attention in
England, but brought Englishmen to
Kentucky to see the bull and the herd of
which he was so large a part. The min-
gling of the Duchess and Rose of Sharon
blood in Mr. Renick’s herd proved a very
fortunate nick. Dick Taylor, descended
from Young Phyllis, was a noted sire, as
well as show bull. Mated with Young
Mary blood highly satisfactory returns
resulted. Airdrie Duke 5306, another son
of Airdrie 2478, was bred by Abram Van-
meter and mated to Young Mary. He
also produced very valuable heifers, of
which Red Rose 8th, Red Rose 11th,
Phoebe Taylor and Miss Washington 2d
are distinguished examples. Through
them in particular the fame of the Ren-
ick Airdrie blood was taken to Eng-
land.

Reference has already been made to
the cow Miss Wiley 4th, by 2d Duke of

=64.5

Athol, bred at Woodburn. She was pur-
chased by William Warfield for a neigh-
bor of his named F. K. Hunt. She was
bid off at $470, and from her descends
the Loudon Duchess tribe. Mr. Warfield
supervised her breeding, and she was
bred to Duke of Airdrie (12730) at Wood-
.burn and dropped calves by him in 1860,
1861, 1862, 1863 and 1864, the last being a
heifer, Loudon Duchess. In 1865, with
Duncan’s Duke of Airdrie 2743 to cover,
the old Duke being dead, she dropped
Loudon Duchess 2d. These two heifers
proved phenomenal show and breeding
cows. The latter won fifty-six prizes at
various state and local fairs in Kentucky
and Ohio, and proved herself one of the
great breeding and show cows of Ameri-
can Shorthorn history.

The influence of Duke of Airdrie, from
which these various descendants come, is
most widespread. He and his get were
very extensively used on different tribes
and families, and the name Airdrie met
with deserved popularity. It is hardly
possible to study Shorthorn pedigree as
relating to American bred animals with-
out realizing that the breeders of this
country, and especially of Kentucky, are
much indebted to Mr. Alexander for the
great improvement brought about
a ae the importation of this famous

ull.

—65—

XVII | {OTH DUCHESS OF GENEVA

One of the beautiful bodies of water
in western New York is Seneca lake.
At its foot lies Geneva, an old town with
many attractive homes along the bluff
overlooking the lake. About two miles
to the west, on a fair eminence, is
White Spring farm. Here almost a half
century ago J. O. Sheldon began the
development of a Shorthorn herd by
importing a number of cattle of Bates
blood. Later he acquired from Samuel
Thorne imp. Duke of Gloster (11382),
Duchess 64th and Duchess 66th and ist
Duchess of Thorndale, daughter of
Duchess 64th, and Duchess Tist, daugh-
ter of Duchess 66th. Eventually Mr.
Sheldon possessed a herd of Shorthorns
pre-eminently of Bates breeding, for in
1866 he bought Mr. Thorne’s entire herd,
at that -time the leading Duchess herd in
America. In 1866 Sheldon exported to
England two Duchess bulls and a heifer
and six Oxford heifers. This exporta-
tion was sold at auction and caused
much talk on both sides of the Atlantic.
Sheldon developed a great herd, and
finally in 1869 sold half of it to Walcott
and Campbell of New York Mills, Oneida
county, N. Y., the following year selling
them all his remaining animals. Thus
the New York Mills herd, of which
Richard Gibson was manager, came into
possession of the greatest aggregation of
Bates blood cattle in America.

In this herd transferred to Wolcott
and Campbell was the roan cow 10th
Duchess of Geneva. She was calved on
May 15, 1867, and was sired by 2d Duke
of Geneva (23752) 5562 and out of 5th
Duchess of Geneva by Grand Duke of
Oxford. Her sire was a bull of consid-
erable merit that died comparatively
young. However, he sired a number of
animals that became celebrated in the
show and sale ring. The dam of 10th
Duchess of Geneva was a great grand-
daughter of Duchess 66th, while on the
sire’s side Duchess 66th also occurred
in the line of female descent one gen-
eration further back. Tenth Duchess of
Geneva was essentially a commingling
of Oxford and Duchess blood on both
sides, much of which for three genera-
tions back had been brea by Sheldon,

—6e—

although her grandsire on the dam’s
side, Grand Duke of Oxford (16184), was
bred by Captain Gunter in England.
The pedigree of this cow was strikingly
Bates, going back into the most famous
Duchess and Oxford blood.

Tenth Duchess of Geneva was a very
beautiful cow and met largely the favor
of the critics. In 1873 Wolcott and Camp-
bell decided to hold a closing-out sale,
which was held on Sept. 10 of that year.
This was the most remarkable cattle
sale of history, and the prices paid there
have never been equaled to this day. A
large gathering came together, with
prominent buyers from England and
various parts of the United States. The
highest price of the sale was for the 8th
Duchess of Geneva, bid off at $40,600.
This cow, however, later gave birth to
a dead calf and herself died soon after-
ward. The 10th Duchess of Geneva was
also in this same sale, and the following
account of her selling, as written by
George W. Rust and published in San-
der’s History of Shorthorn Cattle, merits
a place here:

“Colonel Morris of New York led with
$5,000, which Colonel King of Minnesota
raised to $10,000. Mr. Kello advanced
the figure to $15,000 for Mr. Davies, and
Mr. Berwick for Earl Bective made it
$20,000, when it was very evident there
was to be such a trial of nerve as had
not before been witnessed. One of the
Kentuckians bid $25,000, and Colcne}!
King added another $1,000, which Mr.
Berwick lost no time in advancing to
$30,000. This bid Mr. Brodhead advanced
$100, when Mr. Berwick declared, ‘I am
done,’ and started to leave the ring. His
English friends, however, rallied him
and he exclaimed in an excited manner,
‘Thirty thousand dollars! How much is
that in sterling?’ One of them pushed
him again to the front, exclaiming, ‘Buy
her and count it afterward!’ but not
until Mr. Kello had taken advantage of
his excitement to raise the price to $30.-
500. Mr. Berwick returned with $31,000,
Mr. Kello with $100, which Mr. Berwick
raised to $500, with no other effect than
to bring from his opponent a bid of
$32,000. . Mr. Berwick. seemed to be net-
tled by Mr. Kello’s undisturbed manner
and added another $1,000, making $33.-
000; and Mr. Kello, not at all dashed,
added $500 more without delay, and then
Mr. Berwick advanced it to $34,000; ‘and
$500,’ was Mr. Kello’s response. Mr. Ber-

=te—

wick put on enough to make $35,000 and
Mr. Kello’s flag and the auctioneer’s
hammer came down. The Americans,
who had not made a bid after the $26,000
and were aware that Mr. Kello had not
been permitted to become a member of
the English party, watched this contest
between the two English interests with.
no little concern, and his opponents,
although evidently feeling they had paid
dearly for the victory, were in high glee
that they had won it Of course the
price, $35,000, would never be equaled
again, and the audience gave itself up
once more to various expressions of
astonishment.’ The sale of 8th Duchess
of Geneva, however, already referred to,
came later.

The price paid for 10th Duchess of
Geneva, however, stands as the highest
one ever paid for an animal of the cattle
class, where future usefulness is con-
cerned. This cow was purchased by Mr.
Berwick for Earl Bective of Underley,
England, and upon her exportation to the
other side of the water that same fall
she met with a most favorable recep-
tion. She remained in the herd in active
service unti] her death from suffocation
from the pressure of an overloaded stom-
ach on Jan. 30, 1877. It is also said her
lungs were not in healthy condition at.
the time of her death.

When taken to England in 1873 10th
Duchess of Geneva was in calf to 2d
Duke of Oneida (33702) 9926, and in Janu-
ary, 1874, she dropped a bull calf, Duke
of Underley (33745), that proved a rare
breeder and became very famous. The
next year, in January, 1875, she had a
heifer calf, named Duchess of Underley,
by 2d Duke of Tregunder (26022), and
twelve months later, by the same bull,
she dropped another heifer, which was
named Duchess of Lancaster. At the
time of her death she was safe in calf to
Earl Dunmore’s Lord of the Isles (34680).

The oldest daughter of this cow was
8th Duchess of Oneida, and she was bred
by J. O. Sheldon, and was by 4th Duke
of Geneva. She sold in the same sale
with her mother at $15,300, going to Eng-
land, into the same herd. In 1878 Earl
Bective sold a daughter of this heifer at
$15,000.

In a note in the Agricultural Gazette
(England), referring to the death of this
cow, the writer says: “Who that has
seen her ever went away without: de-

claring her the best cow he had ever
looked upon?” No doubt, however, other
cows have attained greater fame as
breeders, but no individual has yet lived
which combined so interesting a pedigree,
superior individual merit, breeding worth
and market value as 10th Duchess of
Geneva. The added fact that she was
American bred and exported to England
possesses a special interest to the stu-
dent, for but few American-bred Short-
horns have found their way into herds
the other side of the Atlantic. A full
page engraving of this cow, at 5 years
old, drawn by J. R. Page, ornaments
volume IX., part 2, and volume
XII., part 2, of the American Shorthorn
Herd Book.

2269 se

XIX | ABBOTSFORD 2702 (3411)

The bull Abbotsford 2702 (3411) was not
the most distinguished specimen of the
breed, yet his influence as a breeder and
his family relationship were such as to
make his life of very considerable inter-
est to many Aberdeen-Angus breeders.
He was bred by Mossom Boyd, Bobcay-
geon, Canada, and was dropped March 2,
1884. His sire was the bull Ermine Bear-
er 1794 (2082), by Young Viscount, and
his dam was Coquette 10th 2703 (4668),
Ermine Bearer’s influence has been a re-
markable one, particularly in his sons.
A most interesting feature of the use of
Ermine Bearer is brought out in the fact
that, mated with Coquette 10th, he be-
came sire of the following bulis, they
thus all being full brothers in blood:

Abbotsford 2702.

Abavus 3625.

Abbatoir 7402.

Abactor 7426.

These full brothers proved a remarka-
ble lot in their signal importance in im-
proving the breed. Their names are fa-
miliar in Angus pedigrees during the past
twenty years. It seemed to be a most
fortunate mating, this union of the sire
and dam of Abbotsford.

Among the famous herds of Aberdeen-
Angus cattle in America is that of
“Heatherton,” at Naperville, Ill, the
property of Judge J. S. Goodwin. This
herd had its inception in 1883 at Beloit,
Kan., in a partnership of Judge Goodwin
with his brother, W. R., Jr. After five
years it was removed from Kansas to
Illinois, where it stayed two years. From
then on until 1902 it was in a partnership
on shares between Judge Goodwin and
M. A. Judy. During all these years this
herd was intimately identified with the
most progressive history of the breed.
On different occasions three of the choic-
est Scotch bulls, champions of the first
class at the Highland and Agricultural
society shows, were brought to America
to be used on the Heatherton herd. This
stands alone as a record in itself. These
were Judge 473, ‘‘the World Beater,”
purchased in 1884; Justice 854, “the In-
comparable,’ imported in 1886, and Erica
Chieftain 15498. Strangely and unfortu-

7)

nately each of these three great bulls
lived but a short time in the Heatherton
herd, and left but few offspring.

The death of Justice required that
Heatherton secure another bull suited to
its needs, and Judge Goodwin entered
into negotiations with Mr. Boyd with
the hope of securing Ermine Bearer. As
this was impossible, it was thought wise
to secure his best son, if available. Mr.
Boyd wrote Judge Goodwin that he
might have the choice of any of Ermine
Bearer’s sons at a price to be named by
the purchaser. The telegraphed reply
was: ‘‘We have twenty-nine bulls in our
own barn now. Do not want a bull—
want a stock getter. Will take any Er-
mine Bearer son at your own price if
guaranteed breeder of extra stock, Ab-
pbotsford preferred.” As a result.of this
correspondence this bull was secured. In
a most interesting sketch of the Heath-
erton herd recently published Judge
Goodwin says: ‘‘He was a thrice Trojan-
Erica topped Ballindalloch Coquette bull,
and developed into a magnificent indi-
vidual, thick fleshed, a good handler and
an easy keeper. But it was as the sire
of a remarkable lot of animals that his
fame chiefly rests, although he was prac-
tically undefeated in the show ring.
* * * All his calves carried such a
wealth of flesh and such constitutions
that to Abbotsford must be given the
credit of ‘making’ the herd.”

Abbotsford, like his sire, proved to be
an unusually superior breeder of bulls,
and his sons, Black Abbot 10423, Black-
bird Knight 11547, Black Monk 13214, and
Black Magic 14367, all obtained special
fame for merit. Black Abbot proved also
to be a great bull breeder, and Zaire 5th
13067, one of his sons, brought much fame
to the Bradfute herd in Ohio, by siring
some of their best animals, and especially
Lady of Meadowbrook 21466, and her sis-
ter, Bertha of Meadowbrook 20275, both
prize winners of the highest character.
Other important sons of his were Lil-
burn K. 20534, Duke of Marlborough
22827 and Black Victor 24135, each of
which was used at the head of prom-
inent herds. Black Monk proved not
only a great show bull, but a
breeder as well. In 1897, at the
Illinois state fair, the Heatherton herd
won grand sweepstakes with Black
Monk at its head, five of the animals in
the herd also being his progeny. At

ey 5 a

the World’s Columbian Exposition in
1893 Black Monk was third in the aged
bull class, and at this same show in the
herd contest of bulls 2 years old or over
and four cows or heifers, Goodwin &
Judy won third place with Black Monk
in the group. Blackbird Knight was a
bull of unusual merit, but in spite of
this fact on Nov. 28, 1892, he sold at
auction at Dexter Park for $200. Com-
menting on this sale the Breeder’s Ga-
zette wrote: “A better bargain than
Blackbird Knight at $200 was never
taken from Dexter Park sale ring.”

If it was notable that Abbotsford and
his brothers should have all come from
the same sire and dam, so is it equally
notable that these bulls should all have
come from the one cow, Blackbird of
Corskie 4th 7931, with Abbotsford as sire.

Abbotsford proved, however, to be a
bull of marked prepotency, whether
viewed from the male or female trans-
mission. He seemed happily adapted to
the Zara females, as were also his sons—
an adaptability that was readily recog-
nized. Zara 4th 15492, one of his daugh-
ters, out of Zarilda 2d, won fourth place
as a yearling heifer at the World’s Co-
lumbian Exposition in 1893, and she also
was one of the group of four, get of
one sire, which was highly commended
at the same show, the four animals in
question being by Abbotsford. Zara 4th
was also in the mixed herd exhibited
by Goodwin & Judy and which secured
grand sweepstakes over all beef breeds
at the Wisconsin state fair. Zara 5th,
a daughter of Black Monk, was a great
prize winner and has been regarded as
one of the most superior females of the
breed produced in America. Blackcap
King 22652, a son of Black Monk, was
the best bull calf at the Minnesota state
fair in 1895, and later in 1897 he was
the best 2-year-old at the Minnesota
fair, and he also headed the grand
Sweepstakes herd at the Illinois state
fair the same year.

Writing of the daughters of Abbots-
ford in 1901 (Breeder’s Gazette, Aug. 21),
W. C. McGavock says: “The Abbots-
ford females, as a rule, retain their
vitality, smdothness and fresh appear-
ance to a good old age. One of them, a
Rosebud, was recently sold at Chicago
at 12 years of age for $450, retaining
the form and freshness she possessed as
a 22-year-old, and another’ splendid
daughter of this great bull topped the

FI

recent Gardner and Judy combination
sale at Kansas City.”

The real significance of Abbotsford in
American Aberdeen-Angus circles lies in
the fact that he proved to be the great-
est improver in one of the very best
herds in this country, and that with a
prepotency characteristic of his sire and
grand sire he has transmitted to the
breeding fraternity descendants of note-
worthy merit and breeding quality.
Going back all the way from two to five
generations to his blood, we find some
of our most distinguished sires and
dams, both in show ring and breeding
pen. Therefore it may be justly consid-
ered that Abbotsford is one of America’s
most famous Aberdeen Angus sires. It
cannot but forcibly strike the student of
pedigrees that it is really a remarkable
thing that for generations this blood on
the male side seems to have proven
itself of wonderful prepotency. When
we think of Young Viscount, Ermine-
Bearer, Abbotsford and Black Monk,
covering four generations, it is really a
great illustration of the value of in-
heritance and prepotency, and should
suggest to the student something of the
value of this blood in the strengthening
and developing of the herd.

ee

XX DALE 6648)

Up in north central Indiana is a little
village by the name of Bunker Hill. In
the eyes of the world at large it has little
of interest. In the minds of Hereford
breeders it possesses special importance
from the fact that here was dropped, on
Sept. 15, 1895, on the farm of Clem
Graves, the calf Dale 66481, an animal
that later was destined to become known
as one of the remarkable individuals of
the breed.

Dale was sired by Columbus 51875, a
son of Earl] of Shadeland 41st 33378, while
the latter was by the great Garfield 7015
(6975), the champion at the Royal Agri-
cultural society show of 1882. Lord Wil-
ton blood is not lacking in the pedigree
on the sire’s side, with also Horace and
Anxiety relationship present. Pet 36054,
the dam of Columbus, was out of Jessie
4th, a daughter of Anxiety 3d. Colum-
bus proved to be a great sire, which this
breeding sufficiently accounts for.

The dam of Dale was Rose Blossom
39225, and she was sired by Peerless Wil-
ton 12774, also a son of Garfield, and the
Lord Wilton cow Peerless 10902. Peer-
less Wilton has sired some notable cows,
among which Jessamine will always be
one of the great show cows of the breed.
Peerless Wilton and his daughter Jessa-
mine were both bred by Thomas Clark of
Beecher, Ill., who was also the breeder
of Pet 36054.

A thoughtful study of the ancestry of
Dale shows him to have been bred in
the purple, with numeruus distinguished
breeding and show animals in both
branches of the family. In attaining em-
inence in the show ring and as a sire, he
but came into his rightful possession as
a result of that most potent law of in-
heritance, that ‘like produces like ”

The career of Dale in the show ring
is one of the most remarkable experi-
ences in American Hereford history, and
it is safe to say that it is without a
parallel. In 1896 he was first in his class
at the Ohio and Michigan state fairs,
and also at county fairs held at Marion,
Terre Haute and Portland, Ind., and at
Celina, Ohio. In 1897 Dale really began
to attract serious attention. This sea-

ae a

son he was first prize bull in his class
and champion Hereford bull at tne state
fairs of New York, Ohio, Indiana and
Michigan. Then people began to talk
and Dale’s advent to a wider circuit was
anticipated with keen interest. In 1898
he traversed a wide territory. At the
New York state fair he was first in
herd and champion Hereford bull; at the
Indiana state fair first 1m class, first in
herd, junior champion, and champion in
herd over all breeds; at the Illinois state
fair first in 3-year-old class, senior cham-
pion and first in herd. He concluded the
season’s show at the Trans-Mississippi
exposition at Omaha by winning first in
class, first in herd and being made the
champion Hereford bull of the show. In
1899 Dale renewed his winnings by being
made champion at the New York state
fair, and won first in the aged bull class
at the Indiana state fair, though later he
lowered his colors, when his son, Perfec-
tion, was made champion over him. At:
the Illinois state fair he was the aged
champion Hereford bull, and was also
first in class, and won second prize in the
class for get of sire. Later on at the
National Hereford show at Kansas City
he was first in class in the stiffest com-
petition, and also senior champion, while
his son Perfection was placed first as
senior bull calf, and a daughter, Theressa,
was first as senior heifer calf. At this
show Dale also won the $400 K. B. Ar-
mour silver cup as ‘“‘the best bull of any
age’; he was first in herd, first in the
Breeder’s Gazette special herd, first with
cow and offspring, first in best pair of
any age, and third for four of his get.
Dale concluded his show yard career in
1900, when he was made first prize aged
Hereford bull at the Indiana and Min-
nesota state fairs, though at the Na-
tional Hereford show he was _ placed
third. Following this, at the Interna-
tional Live Stock Exposition, he was
placed second in the aged bull class, in
competition with seven other great bulls,
including Dandy Rex, placed first; Im-
prover, Beau Donald, Christopher and
Mark Hanna. Later, however, he was
made senior champion, and thus fittingly
closed his great career by winning the
highest honors of the most important
show of the year.

Though bred by Mr. Graves, whose
wife had the honor of naming him, he
was sold as a vearling to F. A. Nave
of Attica, Ind., for $1,100. In his hands

—75

Dale became famous through the exhi-
bitions of 1898 and 1899. On April 17 and
18, 1900, Mr. Nave had a dispersion sale
ef his entire Fairview herd at the Union
Stock Yards at Chicago, on which occa-
sion Clem Graves bought Dale for $7,500,
the highest price up to that time paid
for a bull of this breed in America.
After using him in his herd for some
months Mr. Graves sold Dale to S. H.
Godman of Wabash, Ind., for $8,C00, who
in turn sold him again in a very short
time, on Jan. 8, 1901, to J. C. Adams of
Moweaqua, IIl., for $10,000, then the rec-
ord price for a bull of this breed. Dale
was used in Mr. Adams’ herd at Wood-
land farm until late in 1903, when
through disease said to have begun with
“indigestion” he died on Oct. 18. ;

No Hereford bull in American history
has been the subject of more sensational
showing than was Dale. He was not
a large bull, and in his best show-ring
form weighed about 2200 pounds. His
character as the very highest type of a
meat-producing animal has never been
questioned. His breadth of back,. depth
and spring of rib, fullness and depth
of chest, development of hindquarter and
length of leg, covering of flesh and qual-
ity were superb. His critics objected to
his head and neck as lacking in a meas-
ure in breed character and as represent-
ing a feeder rather than a breeder.
During the rounds of the great shows
much was published among the reviews
regarding the mighty Dale and his strong
and weak points. No journal discussed
him more critically than the Breeder’s
Gazette, and the writer quotes the fol-
lowing as representing very fairly public
Sentiment among competent judges.

In its report on the Illinois state fair
show in 1898, says the Gazette reporter:
“Dale lacks the lordly front and car-
riage of Sir Bredwell, but such perfec-
tion of body, such richness of fiesh, such
deep, even padding of carcass from ears
to hocks is seldom seen. As a feeder’s
and butcher’s type he is one of the great-
est.show bulls of any breed we have ever
had in our western show yards. Criti-
cism of his carcass is practically repelled.
He is filled, loaded, furnished, packed
with prime beef at every point; thick
meated without being’ rough, rich but
not gaudy. Such wealth of thick cut-
ting ribs and loins, such hip covering,
such smoothness and all around sym-
metry of body, such balance of parts
fore and aft, above and below, might

—16—

be looked for in vain at all the barns.”
‘At the end of the 1899 season this same
journal, referring at length to Dale,
says: “The longer the ribbons hold out
the heavier grows his burden of first
and championship awards. His victory
in this class was but the beginning of
triumph unique and fairly unparalleled.
Never were honors heaped in .such
abundant measure with so little protest
from the opposition. One by one his
critics were silenced. Dale left the show
the Dewey of the Hereford campaign of
1899."

Dale died a comparatively young bull,
and consequently we cannot measure his
deepest influence on the breed. His son
Perfection 92891, however, now owned by
G. H. Hoxie of Thornton, Ill., has won
the highest championship honors in the
American show ring. Bred by Mr. Nave,
he was sold in his dispersion sale to
Thomas Clark of Beecher, I!l., for $1.300,
in whose herd he did valuable service.
On the dispersal of Mr. Clark’s herd, on
Jan. 7, 1902, Mr. Hoxie purchased Per-
fection at auction for $9,000. Another
son of Dale, known as Perfection $d, is
now in service in the Hoxie herd. He is
an individual of much merit. presenting
the essentials of his sire in conforma-
tion, and much is anticipated from his
herd service. At Mr. Nave’s dispersion
sale in 1900 there were sold ninety-six
head for a total of $64,415. Of the ani-
mals sold the following were sons and
daughters of Dale, with the prices af-
fixed: Perfection, $1,300; Perfection 2d.
$950; Lelax, $400; Theressa, $3,000; Sister
Theressa, $1,000; Beatrice, $750; Lady
Wilton, $420, and Favorite Flower, $230.

Dale has passed over the great divide
and it will be many days before the
American show ring again sees his equal
as an individual. As the sire of Perfec-
tion alone he is entitled to lasting hon-
ors, and no doubt in the future will he
become more and more firmly estab-
lished in the esteem of the Hereford
fraternity as a notable breeding as well
as show bull.

—TMI—

XX1 | GAY MONARCH 92411

Among the most prominent breeders
of Shorthorn cattle in America is the
firm of J. G. Robbins & Sons of Indiana.
For many years and including three
generations has this family lent its
great influence in promoting Shorthorn
interests. In the fall of 1887 Luther
Adams of Storm Lake, Iowa, made a
choice importation of Shorthorns from
Scotland, and on May 16, 1888, a draft
from this importation was sold at auc-
tion in Dexter Park at Chicago. In this
consignment was the roan bull Gay
Monarch 92411. About this time the
Robbins family was searching for a suit-
able bull to head their herd. Becoming
favorably impressed with Scotch blood
as shown in prominent Indiana herds
it was considered desirable to visit Dex-
ter Park in advance of the sale and
search for what was wanted. Two young
bulls in the collection met with favor,
Lord Lieutenant, a red and white Secret,
and Gay Monarch, the roan. The latter
being more stocky and thicker fleshed,
finally found most favor and was bid off
at the sale to Robbins & Sons at $375.

Gay Monarch 92411 was bred by W.
S. Marr of Upper Mill, Tarves, Scotland,
and was calved Jan. 26, 1887. He was
sired by William of Orange 95736 (50691)
and had for dam Alexandrina 17th by
Athabasca (47359). The sire of Gay Mon-
arch was one of the great bulls of Scot-
land, A. H. Sanders pronouncing him the
best individual seen by him in 1892 when
visiting Great Britain. He was bred by
Amos Cruickshank at Sittyton, and later
found extensive use in the Marr herd.
He was a massive, thick-fleshed, deep-
bodied bull of very superior quality, be-
longing to the Orange Blossom tribe.
Athabasca, the sire of Gay Monarch’s
dam, was a half-brother of the ce‘e-
brated Field Marshall, and was himself
sire of Sign of Riches, the first-prize
Highland and Agricultural society bull
at Glasgow in 1897, later sold to go to
South America at a long price. On his
dam’s side Gay Monarch descends from
Alexandrina by Alaric (21155) through
six generations of that name—viz., 4th,
5th, 9th, 14th and 17th, besides the origi-
nal dam.

In 1900, referring to their early career
with this bull (Breeder’s Gazette, Aug.
1, 1900), the Messrs. Robbins wrote:

“When Gay Monarch arrived at our
farm he was severely criticised for being
heavy in the horn, crooked in the hind
legs and drooping in the rump. Many
other defects were found by those self-
constituted critics who came to see hini,
but we took him to our county fair
(Decatur county, Indiana) and there he
had :to take second place, being beaten
by Prize Cup, a red Young Mary bull
bred by Colonel Moberly, which could
almost stand astraddle of our little,
short-legged bull. At Seymour, Ind.,
however, we fared better, having a judge
who had respect for short legs, and he
gave him his class ribbon and the cham-
pionship, too. As a 2-year-old he was
turned down in class at Terre Haute,
but by another judge awarded the cham-
pionship, and the rest of the season
(1889) was a winner. As a 3-year-old
he came out a hard bull to beat, and
his calves were with him, winning as
-well as he, and from that time until
he was retired from the shows his his-
tory is pretty well Known, as he was
only shown at the best shows of the
country, and his winnings are a matter
of history.”

In a sketch of Gay Monarch it will be
appropriate to refer to his more impor-
tant show ring record. Perhaps his first
appearance in a really great fair was
in 1889 as a 2-year-old at the Indiana
state fair, where he met no competition
in class, but was received with much
favor. Up to this time he had won four-
teen prizes. He passed over the promi-
nent 1890 circuit, coming out again at
the Indiana show in 1891, where in the
aged bull class he was placed second,
William Warfield being judge. At the
same show, however, he was later made
sweepstakes bull over all beef breeds,
but not by the same judge. In 1892 he
was made first-prize aged bull at the
Ohio and Indiana state fairs, showing
at the latter place against Young Ab-
botsburn. This is the only instance in
which Gay Monarch defeated Young
Abbotsburn, and this award was not in
accordance with the evidence. These
two great bulls met on various occasions
in the show ring, and the general con-
sensus of opinion was that the latter was
the superior show animal of the two.
This same season Gay Monarch was sec-

ond at the Illinois state fair, with Young
Abbotsburn first. During 1892 he won
eleven first and one second prizes, while
his get won 156 prizes in all, there being
twenty-one of his progeny on exhibi-
tion in the shows. In 1893 Gay Mon-
arch reached the maximum of his
show-ring fame by his record and that
of his get at the World’s Columbian ex-
position. Here in aged bull class he was
placed second to Young Abbotsburn.
These two bulls were of ‘the same -gen-
eral type, but Gay Monarch, with all his
excellence, could hardly equal his great
rival, lacking somewhat in substance and
flesh. As a breeder, however, Gay Mon-
arch fairly surpassed the Moberly bull.
Here at this show he won the champion-
ship for the best herd over all beef breeds,
a great tribute to his high worth, th¢
herd consisting of himself and the cows
Gay Mary, Nora Davis, Lady Verbena
and Nancy Hanks. In Shorthorn compe-
tition only, this herd won third place,
however. In the Shorthorn class of the
best four animals of either sex under 4
years old, the get of one sire, the Rob-
bins got fourth place with Gay Mary,
Nora Davis, Peerless and Nancy Hanks,
all daughters of Gay Monarch. Gay
Mary was given the first place in aged
cow class, and also won sweepstakes as
the best female of any age in Shorthorn
classes, and was also sweepstakes’ aged
cow of all breeds. Nora Davis won
fourth place in the 2-year-old class, and
Nancy Hanks, her own sister, won third
place in the heifer calf class. Nora Davis
and Nancy Hanks were also _ placed
fourth in the competition of “two ani-
mals, either sex, from one cow,” they
being from the cow Nora, by Enterprise
41901. :

Among the sons of Gay’Monarch none
received so great honors in the show
ring as Monitor 109140. He was famous
as a campaigner, and won many first
prizes in severe competition, being re-
peatedly champion at Indiana and Illi-
nois state fairs, and winning a total
of about 100 prizes in various shows. i

To Gay Monarch is credited the win-
ning of twenty-six. first prizes in class,
twenty-six sweepstakes, six second prizes
and twenty-four times heading the win-
ning herd.

This bull was of the typical low-down,
deep-bodied, short-legged, thick-fleshed
sort, with a suverior amount of quality.

—s80—

He was red roan in color, with a rich,
mellow hide, and was smooth, broad and
deep, and in show ring form weighed
2600 pounds. His disposition was superb,
and he seemed to transmit this quality to
his offspring, notably so to Monitor.

Gay Monarch laid the foundation of the
success of the Robbins’ herd. Other great
bulls succeeded him, as, for example, St.
Valentine 121014 and The Lad for Me
140618, but Gay Monarch has been consid-
ered by many to have been one of the
greatest Scotch-bred bulls ever in service
in America. The showing of his offspring
has really been remarkable. At one time
forty of his sons and daughters were in
show herds in the United States, and his
get have been widely distributed over
America from ocean to ocean. Among his
progeny may be mentioned Gay Mary,
Gay Rose, Gay Miss, Gay Maggie, Gay
Belle, Gay Victoria, Gay Lady, Gay Vio-
let, Gay Nellie, Gay Elizabeth, Gay Ab-
botsburn, Gay Harry, Gay Victor, Gay
Knight, Gay Dewey, Gay Monarch 3d,
Gay Monarch 4th, Monitor, Bright Mon-
arch, Nora’s Monarch, Secret Victor,
Laneaster, Lavender Monarch, Straight
Monarch, Lucy Lee, Rosebud, Crescent
Kate, Verbena 2d, Lucretia, Sunflower,
Sultana, Red Lady, Model, Touch-Me-
Not, Peerless, Modest Girl, Nora Davis,
Jenny Grey, Lustre, Nancy Hanks,
Model, Monarch’s Lady 2d and Miss
Ramsden 5th of Oakland. Among these
are many show and breeding animals of
very great merit.

Gay Monarch died on Aug. 2, 1899, aged
12 years, and to-day what was once mor-
ta@® of this famous old bull lies under a
mound of earth, which is fittingly crowned
with a neatly inscribed monument erect-
ed to his memory by his appreciative
owners on the farm so long the scene of
his activity. Should the Robbins of
Horace continue in the future, as in the
past, to carry the standard of the red,
white and roans, this stone and its as-
sociations can but inspire them to great-
er efforts, with the reward, it is to be
hoped, of even greater future success.

=

XXII] CORRECTOR 48976

The name of Sotham is a prominent
part of American Hereford history. The
first Herefords were brought to America
by Henry Clay in 1817, d in 1839 Wil-
liam H. Sotham, English by birth, Amer-
ican by adoption, began to advocate
this breed. For many years Sotham did
yeoman work for the Hereford breed
as importer, breeder and general pro-
moter. In time his mantle very natur-
ally fell to his son, T. F. B. Sotham,
who has ranked among our greatest
breeders up to the present time. At
Chillicothe, Mo., on Weavergrace farm,
Mr. Sotham during the past ten years
has developed a herd of Herefords that
has contained many animals of the breed
now well known to fame.

Among the bulls owned at Weaver-
grace was Corrector 48976. He. was
calved on Jan. 9, 1891, and died Dec. 5,
1902, almost 12 years old. The influence
of this bull on the Sotham herd and
American Hereford interests was so pro-
found that it is but fitting that some-
thing of his breeding, career and in-
fluence should receive the attention of
the Hereford student.

Corrector had for sire Harold 21141, an
imported bull that in the late ’80s made
a creditable show ring record, and that
also sired a number of other males and
females of merit. On his sire’s side
Horatius was grandsire and old Horace
great-grandsire, while Regulus was t@e
sire of Harold’s dam, and he was by Sir
Roger. Coral 13526. the dam of Cor-
rector, was a great breeding as well as
show cow, she being the dam of Frank-
lin, Conqueror, Prince, Royal Wilton,
Archibald <A., Royal Grove, Jr, and
Beaubois. Her eight calves are said to
represent a genuine value of $50,000. She
had De Cote (3060) for grandsire on both
sides, known as a famous sire and show
bull. Coral, like Harold, is descended
five generations from Sir Thomas, a
royal winner’ and breeder of the first
rank.

Though shown to some extent, Cor-
rector cannot be classed among. the
great show bulls of the breed. He first
appeared as a calf in 1891, when he won
second prize in class at the International

fair and exposition at Detroit, second
prize at the Michigan state fair and
first prize at the Ohio state fair at Co-
lumbus. This year at St. Louis he was
in the second-prize lot of four animals
the get of one sire. In 1892 Corrector
was the third-prize yearling at the De-
troit International fair and exposition,
was first prize in class at the Darke
county (Ohio) fair at Greenville, and at
the state fairs of Ohio and Indiana, and
second prize at the St. Louis exposition.
He also headed the first-prize young
herd at Columbus and Indianapolis, and
was in the group of four receiving sec-
ond prize as get of one sire at St. Louis.
In 1892 he was known as a promising
yearling. In 1893 he was first in the
2-year-old Hereford class at the Iowa
state fair, first at the northern Missouri
district fair at Chillicothe and champion
at the head of the herd over all breeds
at the same show, was first prize at
Trenton, Mo., second prize at the St.
Joseph exposition and was second prize
in herd at the St. Louis fair. Finally, in
1894, he was champion bull, any age.
over all breeds at the northern Missouri
district fair at Chillicothe.

The real strength of the story of Cor-
rector lies in the character of his off-
spring. Had it not been for these the
world would never have heard much of
this bull. This was a great breeder. but
more especially of bulls. He was of
impressive carriage, with proud bearing
and graceful crest, and a head of much
character. His offspring are notable for
their impressive fronts and breed char-
acteristics as shown in head and horn.
Corrector was strong, broad and well
sustained of back, as are many of his
descendants, with heavy fleshing quali-
ties and a superior covering of hair.
Prominent among his sons may be men-
tioned ‘Cadillac, Checkmate, Chillicothe,
Chorister, Emperor, Exemplar, Goodwin,
Grandee, Harold, Prince Laurel, Photo-
graph, Protection, Sir Bredwell, Sir
Comewell and Thickset. Of his daugh-
ters Benefice, Benita, Choke Cherry,
Ecstasy, Florimel, Gallatea, Genevieve,
Georgina, Golden Lassie, Grace, Happi-
ness, Hebe C., Lady Bredwell, Lady
Brenda, Lady Charming, Lady Plush-
coat, Nannette, Peace and Pure Gold are
noteworthy.

’ It would occupy too much space to
chronicle the winnings of these and
other sons and daughters of Corrector,

=—$3—

but some of the more noteworthy are en-
titled to a place here. Sir Bredwell 63685
and Thickset. 68685 have met with the
most popular favor in the show ring of
any of Corrector’s sons, and each was a
grand specimen of the breed. Each of
these won many prizes at the most
prominent American shows. However, in
1898 at the Transmississippi exposition,
Sir Bredwell was first prize aged bull,
while Thickset was the second prize 2-
year Hereford bull. At this same show
Sir Bredwell, Thickset, Benefice 78825
and Silence 83690 won first place as four
Gest animals, get of one bull, while Sir
Bredwell and Benefice won first as pro-
duce of one cow, they having Beatrice
8036 for dam. In 1899 Sir Bredwell sold
at auction for $5,000 to Colonel C. C.
Slaughter of Texas. Thickset had a
rather remarkable show ring record and
was repeatedly made first in class and
champion bull at great shows. At the
Iowa state fair in 1898 he was champion
Hereford bull any age, and senior cham-
pion at the Minnesota state fair. In 1899
at the Illinois state fair he was second
in class, but was champion over all breeds
at the Minnesota state fair the same sea-
son. In 1900 he was sold at auction for
$5,100 to William Humphrey of Ne-
braska. Thickset was a wonderfully
smooth bull of considerable size and very
superior type and was first shown as a
ealf in 1896. Protection 58568 is another
famous show animal by Corrector, hav-
ing won many prizes of the first class in
the shows of 1895 and 1896. Sir Come-
well 68776 won prizes in 1896 at the Min-
nesota, Iowa and St. Louis shows, and
later in 1899 sold at auction for $1,600.
Grandee 78839 won various prizes at the
shows of 1898 and 1899, and sold at auc-
tion March 1, 1900, at $1,500. Exemplar
63671, shown with success at the, Minne-
sota, Wisconsin and Illinois state fairs
in 1895, sold the next year at auction at
$500 and later at $1,550. In 1899 Check-
mate 93981 was successfully shown at the
National Hereford show and at the Iowa
and Minnesota state fairs.

Of the daughters of Corrector much
might be said.. They possessed much
style and carried broad backs, deep ribs
and represented the best type of the
breed. Benefice 78825 was champion over
all breeds at the Minnesota state fair
in 1899; Benita 58542, the dam of the fa-
mous Benison 64017, has a long string of

prizes to her credit; Lady Charming 63672
is not only a champion show cow, but a
successful breeder, being dam of Claris-
sima; Grace 58553, the dam of Exemplar,
was one of the most beautiful and suc-
cessful show daughters of Corrector.

One of the most impressive methods of
demonstrating the breeding value of an
animal is shown in the results of the
sales of his offspring. So far as the
writer is aware, no bull in America has
given such financial showing in his get
as has Corrector. From 1894 to 1903, in-
clusive, 104 Corrector bulls sold for $45,-
520, and 85 females for $32,920, a total of
$78,440, an average of $415 each. The
highest price paid for any one of these
was $5,100 for Thickset. From 1894 up
there is an interesting and gradual in-
crease in the yearly average price re-
ceived for these Corrector animals, a
striking tribute to his worth. A peculiar
feature connected with the sale of these
eattle is that, with two exceptions, they
were all sold at public auction in annual
sales held by Mr. Sotham, thus con-
stituting a record unique in American
cattle history. In a personal letter to
the writer Mr. Sotham says: “A con-
siderably better showing could be made
if the prices received for Corrector cat-
tle sold by other parties was included
in this table. For instance, I sold the
heifer Happiness for $1,050 to Clem
Graves, who resold her for $2,650. I sold
the bull Sir Comewell to Grant, Horna-
day for $840, who resold him for $1,600,
and I might multiply a great many cases
where hundreds and even thousands of
dollars were made on the subsequent
sale of Corrector’s get.”

A fine double page colored plate of Cor-
rector. reproduced from an oil painting
by J. W. Hills, the well known live stock
artist, illustrates the Breeder’s Gazette
for March 30, 1898, while a smaller one
of the same is a frontispiece in a treatise
on Hereford cattle published by Mr.
Sotham. Miller’s ‘History of Hereford
Caitle”’ also contains a colored copy of
this same picture.

A careful survey of the facts must
demonstrate the remarkable prepotency
of Corrector and the great value of his
blond to Mr. Sotham and the Hereford
breed. America has not lacked for great
Hereford breeding and show bulls, and
certainly Corrector stands at the fore-
front an honor to the breed and his
breeder.

Pees eae

XXIII | YOUNG ABBOTSBURN 110679

In 1874 Joseph Thomson of Whitby, On-
tario, Canada, imported a Shorthorn cow
known as Village Bud. She was bred by
Amos Cruickshank at Sittyton and was
sired by Scotland’s Pride (25100) of
Cruickshank breeding. This cow was in
calf at importation to Ben Wyvis (30528)
and in Thomson’s sale she brought $925,
being bought by J. & W. B. Watt of
Salem, Ont. In their possession she
dropped a roan heifer calf which was
named Village Blossom. She developed
into a thick-fleshed, broad-backed, low-
down sort and found much favor later in
prominent Canadian show rings. In 1883

- I. Davidson had imported a bull
named Abbotsburn (47312) 106090, bred by
Cruickshank, which the Watts purchased
and bred to Village Blossom, and on
March 2, 1885, she dropped a roan bull
calf which was named Young Abbotsburn
110679. ,

A little further reference to the ances-
try of this calf is here desirable. His
sire, Abbotsburn, was by Roan Gauntlet,
one of the really great Scotch sires, also
the sire of Field Marshal (47870), bred
by Cruickshank and later owned by Wil-
liam Duthie and also used for some time
in the herd of Queen Victoria at Wind-
sor. Ben Wyvis, the sire of Village Blos-
som, was by Caesar Augustus (25704), a
prize winner on the other side of the
water, while Butterfiy’s Joy, the dam
of Ben Wyvis, is descended from the
Towneley Butterflys, a tribe of Short-
horns that has produced many prize
winners. On the dam’s side Young Ab-
botsburn traces back to Picotee, by
Premier (6308), a cow of much char-
acter that at 10 years of age was a first
prize cow at Aberdeen. Picotee ‘was a
daughter of Sunflower, by Unicorn
(8725). This pedigree of the subject of
this sketch presents very strong Cruick-
shank breeding on both sides, while the
records show that he is descended from
many great prize winners.

When about 7 months old Young Ab-
botsburn was purchased for $200 by
Alexander Norrie of Paisley, Ont., an
excellent judge of cattle, who owned him
for four years. In his Possession he was

—8&6§—

shown at local fairs as a yearling and 2-
year-old, and met with considerable fa-
vor. He was used in his herd and others
in the neighborhood and bred well. Al-
though the Messrs. Watt had not spe-
cially regarded this bull as of unusual
promise as a calf while in their herd,
rumors later came to them of
his considerable merit. Norrie had
given him good care, and when he
sold out in 1889 the Watts attend-
ed the sale and purchased Young
Abbotsburn. About this time Colonel T.
S. Moberley of Forest Grove herd, Rich-
mond, Ky., was casting about for a bull
to head his herd that would be of the
very highest show type. He made a trip
to Canada in 1890, where he saw this bull
and purchased him for $425, believing
that he had found not only a breeder,
but also a show animal of great pos-
sibilities. Soon after his purchase Colo-
nel Moberley was asked what he was
going to do with him, to which he re-
sponded: “Use him a little and show him
‘right smart.’ ”

The first appearance of Young Abbots-
burn in the show ring on this side of the
Tine occurred at the Detroit International
Exposition in September, 1890. Here he
was shown as a sort of “dark horse,’”’ as
it were, his name not being given out
to the public, and so he was referred to
as “the great unknown.” His high char-
acter was at once seen at this show,
where he won first in class. The next
week at the Michigan state fair at Lan-
sing he was first in class. In contin-
uing the circuit that season he was first
in class at the state fairs of Ohio, In-
diana and Illinois, winning the grand
sweepstakes at the latter show, over all
beef breeds, competing against the Here-
ford Cherry Boy and the Angus Errant
Knight, both show bulls of the first class.
Young Abbotsburn was the sensation of
the season, and. well the writer remem-
bers his appearance on the fair grounds
at Indianapolis and the talk caused
thereby.

Young Abbotsburn soon demonstrated
that he was the most remarkable Short-
horn show bull that America had seen
in a generation, if not more. At Peoria
he vanquished without trouble Cupbear-
er (52692), who for several years had
been invincible. No aged bull of any
sort seemed capable of winning the cov-
eted prize for which this champion com-

pat ty eae

peted. In 1891 he was first in class and
sweepstakes aged .bull, over all beef
breeds at the state fairs of Iowa, Min-
nesota and Illinois, not showing else-
where on the circuit. In 1892 he was
first in class.at the Iowa state fair at
Des Moines. first in class, and winner of
grand sweepstakes at Nebraska state,
second in class, yet winner of grand
sweepstakes at Indiana state, and first
in class and winner of grand sweepstakes
at the lllinois state fair at Peoria. In
1898 Young Abbotsburn was at the head
of Colonel Moberley’s herd at the World’s
Columbian Exposition at Chicago, where
he was declared the best aged Shorthorn
bull, the best Shorthorn bull of‘any age
and the grand sweepstakes bull over all
beef breeds, with Ancient Briton, the
Hereford champion, placed next below
him and Gay Monarch third. Here closed
the show yard career of this great bull,
defeated but once in the United States
and then in competition with Gay Mon-
arch, judged by Joseph Rippey, a local
Indiana Shorthorn breeder, whose judg-
ment on this occasion received no sup-
port excepting from partisan or super-
ficial observers. The real judges of the
ringside, not lacking in regard for the
high merit of Gay Monarch, knew that
bad judgment had been displayed on that
occasion.

Laudation of the highest sort was be-
stowed on this champion in his day, and
it is doubtful if much of it was over-
drawn. No animal as an individual is
perfect, yet Young Abbotsburn presented
much that must be recognized as found
in the ideal beef type. He was massive in
form, weighing up to 2800 pounds, broad,
deep, square at ends, thick and full at
flanks, broad in the chest, thick in hind
quarter, short of leg and in his prime
very smoothly covered with a great layer
of flesh and hide of most superior sub-
stance and quality. In a slight degree
he lacked in breed character, yet he was
not open to important criticism on this
account. He did have, as he was, a dis-
tinctive feeder’s head. He stood square
on his feet, a monument of living flesh,
a feed lot model. In spite of his great
weight Young Abbotsburn was unusual-
ly active on his feet for such size. In
March, 1894, the writer, with a party of
live stock students, paid a visit to Rich-
mond and to Colonel Moberley’s farm.
In the inspection of the stock Young Ab-

—~83—

botsburn came in for the lion’s share of
attention, as might have been expected:
Finally when through, in reply to the
question, ‘‘How active is he?” Forbes,
the herdsman, heading him down the
lane, took the strap he had been holding
him by and slapped him over the rump,
upon which he trotted off down the lane
with astonishing lightness and ease, a
surprise to all present.

In commenting on the character of this
bull A. H. Sanders, one of the ablest
Shorthorn students living, wrote at the
time of Young Abbotsburn’s death: ‘‘As
a feeder’s type Young Abbotsburn has
probably had no peer in this generation.
Possessed of great scale, an iron consti-
tution, digestive and assimilative pow-
ers of the highest order, and traditional
Cruickshank depth of rib and shortness
of leg, he developed under skillful feed-
ing into the heaviest bull of his height
known to American Shorthorn records.
Other bulls have had as good backs,
other bulls have had ribs that sprung
with more perfect arch,’ and other bulls
have shown more perfect breeding char-
acter in their heads, but when it came to
depth and fullness at all the _ special
feeding points, the bulging neck veins,
the low, heavy flanks, the generous mid-
dle piece, the thick, wide twist, and the
placid temperament, the old bull never
had nor does he now leave a rival. As
a feed lot pattern Young Abbotsburn
measured up to the highest standards set
by Mr. Cruickshank.”

In the summer of 1894, Colonel Mober-
ley, most unfortunate for Shorthorn in-
terests, was drowned at Virginia Beach,
Va., while nobly rescuing his daughter
from a watery grave. His death resulted
in the selling of the Forest Grove herd
at executor’s sale on Oct. 23, 1895, when
Young Abbotsburn and four of his sons
and seventeen of his daughters were dis-
posed of with the rest of the herd. The
old bull was purchased by T. J. Wallace
of Bunceton, Mo.. for $475, in whose pos-
session he remained until Feb. 4, 1898,
when he died.

Young Abbotsburn had been something
of a disappointment as a breeder, yet he
sired a number of animals of much merit.
His daughter, Mary Abbotsburn 7th, in
the hands of Aaron Barber of New York,
proved to be one of the greatest show
cows of the latter part of the nineteenth
century. She made her first appearance in

agge5

the show ring in 1892, as a calf, when
she won first place at Des Moines in a
ring of fourteen. For years she had a
remarkable show ring record. Mary Ab-
-botsburns 1st, 2d and 4th were also cows
of merit and winners in the show ring.
A son of Young Abbotsburn named The
Corker, out of May Belle, by 2d Duke
of Hillsdale 51071, was purchased by T.
R. Westrope & Son at the dispersal sale
for $500. Extreme financial depression
alone at the time of the Moberley sale
is no doubt the cause for the low prices
secured. At the death of Young Abbots-
burn it is said there were eight bulls and
thirteen heifers by him in the Wallace
herd. This herd was disposed of on May
17, 1900, at Kansas City, by public sale,
when nine of his sons and daughters sold
for $2,075, an average of $230 per head.
Two sons, Sir Abbot 128850 and Butterfly
Abbotsburn 144508, that have been re-
ferred to as of much excellence, were
catalogued for the sale. Four days prior
to its occurrence Sir Abbot suddenly
died, while the other son was purchased
at $600 by J. H. McCullough of Dayton,
Mo.

The career of Young Abbotsburn in the
show ring was all the most ardent could
have wished for. As a breeder, however,
he did not meet all expectations. With
a pedigree of merit, carrying the blood of
many prize winners, it was reasonable to
look for the transmission of his many
good qualities to his offspring. That he
did not so transmit them to a notable
extent may be due to his high condition
of living and show ring career, or to
yet other factors which we are unable
to comprehend. Yet a record of nearly
twenty years shows but few noteworthy
animals descended from Young Abbots-
burn besides Mary Abbotsburn 7th. In
spite of this fact he will always be en-
titled to a place among the really famous
bulls of the breed.

21466

XXIV | LADY OF MEADOWBROOK

Many a beautiful cow has been graced
with the title of Lady. The history of
the English show yard and breeding herd
records more than one Lady of fame,
among which might be mentioned Lady
Fragrant, Lady in Waiting, Grand Lady,
Lady Sarah and Red Lady, while in
America Lady Charming, Lady Plush-
coat, Lady Superior and -yet others are
among the elect. On this side of
the Atlantic, however, no individual of
the bovine race is better entitled to this
name than the Aberdeen-Angus cow
Lady of Meadowbrook 21466.

Lady of Meadowbrook 21466 was bred
by D. Bradfute & Son, Meadowbrook
farm, Cedarville, Greene county,Ohio, and
was calved on Dec. 9,4@@% Her sire was
Zaire 5th 13067, a son of the well-known
Black Abbot 10423. Zaire 5th for some
ten years was a prominent prize winner
at the great shows in the United States
and has repeatedly been referred to as
one of the greatest of the modern show
and breeding Angus bulls, for he has
sired many most excellent animals. He
was short of leg, broad of back, square
and full both in front and behind, and
was heavily fleshed when in good condi-
tion. At this writing, early in 1904, Zaire
5th is still in active service in an Ohio
herd at the age of 15 years.

The dam of Lady was Lavender of
Meadowbrook 15697, a cow of much merit
that won many prizes, including first in
aged class at the Ohio and Illinois state
fairs in 1898. As a 5-year-old she weighed
1900 pounds and _ possessed a beautiful
front, unusually fine top and bottom
lines, with a wealth of flesh smoothly
laid on. She was known on the circuit as
an eXtra fine cow. Lady of Meadowbrook
is three generations descended from Ab-
botsford 2702 on the sire’s side. while on
the dam’s side she goes back to imp.
Lovelock 4th 6046, a prize winner at the
Ohio state fair, as grandam, with Love-
Jock 2889 as great-grandam and Laven-
der 2890 as great-great-grandam.

As a calf Lady of Meadowbrook did not
particularly attract attention, and at the
New York state fair in 1895 she was third
in the Angus calf class, being also third

G4

at the Illinois state the same season. At
this stage of her development she was
referred to as “very sweet and chunky.”

As a yearling the writer can find no
record of Lady being shown, but as a
2-year-old in 1897 she was third in class
at the Illinois state fair, while she was
also placed higher up in other fairs this
season, in which she met no opposition
outside the local herd. This season she
was shown along with her dam, with
which she was often compared, she hav-
ing her mother’s full bosom, great spring
of rib, full flanks, deep twist and great
size. In 1898 Lady of Meadowbrook be-
gan to show her true colors. She was
classed as the best Aberdeen-Angus fe-
male in class at the state fairs of In-
diana, Wisconsin and the St. Louis ex-
position, and was made champion cow
of the breed at Wisconsin and St. Louis
shows. She was placed second to her
mother in class at the INinois show at
Peoria. This same season, in 1898, the
Bradfute herd invaded Kentucky to com-
pete for the class and herd champion-
ships at the Shelbyville show. This
was the first Aberdeen-Angus exhibit
south of the Ohio river. The Bradfutes
had carefully considered making this
trip, as it meant an invasion of Short-
horn territory of the most pronounced
type. A committee of Shorthorn men
acted as judges, and during the bull
competition the Shorthorns had the ad-
vantage.

When the female classes came on a
sensation occurred with the entrance of
Lady of Meadowbrook into the ring. Her
outstanding merit was at once recog-
nized and she was made first prize win-
ner. The 2-year-old and yearling prizes
were won by Shorthorns, while a Brad-
fute heifer calf won first in class. In
the lining up in the herd competition
great excitement prevailed, for only
Shorthorns had heretofore won beef herd
prizes in this section. The superior ex-
céellence of the Bradfute cattle, with the
great Lady of Meadowbrook at the head
of the female classes, would not be
downed, and amid much excitement and
applause the Aberdeen-Angus herd was
made champion.

In 1899 Lady of Meadowbrook was
first-prize and champion cow at the
Ohio, Wisconsin and Indiana state fairs
and the St. Louis show, and was first
in class at the Illinois state fair. At the

latter show she was defeated for cham-
pionship by Lucia of Estill, a smaller
type of cow, and of much merit, yet
lacking the scale and thickness of fiesh
of Lady.

In 1900 Lady of Meadowbrook made
her last campaign in the show ring,
winning first in class at the Ohio, Wis-
consin, Indiana and Illinois state fairs
and the St. Louis exposition. She was
also made champion cow at the Wis-
consin, Indiana and St. Louis shows.
At this time she weighed about 2000
pounds. At the International Live Stock
Exposition in December she was made
champion Angus cow, but as she did not
deliver a live calf within the specified
time the prize money was refunded ac-
cording to the rule. At the time, how-
ever, nobody questioned her right to win.
Thus closed the show yard career of
what is unquestionably one of the great-
est American-bred Aberdeen-Angus show
cows that has been seen in America.
Her merit was unquestioned. She was
more often than not judged by men of
other breeds, and they never failed to
recognize her merit. One year when
she was made grand champion cow at
the Indiana state fair at Indianapolis
a committee of three placed the ribbons—-
consisting of George Allen and J. H.
Pickrell, Shorthorn breeders, and David
McKay, of Galloway affiliations. When
the judges’ book was being signed Mr.
Pickrell, one of America’s most distin-
guished Shorthorn authorities and then
secretary of the American Shorthorn
association, stepped up to the cow and
said: “I want to sign my name with
the book lying on the back of the best
cow I ever saw.”

In some of the shows where Lady was
shown she had for company some of the
famous females of other breeds, of which
Ruberta, the Shorthorn queen, and Dolly
5th of Hereford fame are fitting ex-
amples.

As a breeder Lady of Meadowbrook
has not been a failure, neither has she
been the success anticipated. She has
had but one daughter, Lady 2d of
Meadowbrook 36954, which was the first-
prize 2-year-old heifer at the Pan-Ameri-
can Exposition at Buffalo. Lady had
one bull calf which was lost through
no fault of hers. She carried another
five months and lost it.

Lady of Meadowbrook still resides
upon the farm of her birth, along with

ee ee

three sisters of merit. She refuses to
thin down and reduce to desirable breed-
ing form, but serves as a living model
of how a high-class breeding and show
cow should appear. She has brought
much of fame to her breeders and to
the breed, and it is to be hoped that
she may yet leave a legacy to Meadow-
brook that will add still greater laurels
to their well-known herd.

XXV_ | SCOTTISH STANDARD (6488 )

15221

The Galloway is one of the rather im-
portant beef breeds of cattle that is
comparatively little known outside of
Scotland. These cattle were first brought
to America and to Canada perhaps fifty
years ago, and about 1870 were brought
into the United States. Not, however,
until within a comparatively few years
has the breed really attracted attention,
while our cattle literature and live stock
journals give one but scanty informa-
tion concerning the Galloway from any
point of view. Five years, however, have
seen a change, and to-day in the Mis-
sissippi valley and far west Galloway
cattle are receiving gratifying attention.
Yet from the historical point of view
Americans know little of individuals of
this breed.

Scottish Standard (6488) 15221 was bred
by C. Graham of Harelawhill, Canonbie,
Scotland, and was calved on April 5,
1895. His sire was The Pathfinder 3d
(5991), while his dam was Gentle Rose
2d (13029). The Pathfinder 3d not only
bred some very fine animals, but was
himself a first-prize winner at the High-
land and Agricultural Society show and
the Royal of England and some others.
Camp Follower (5042), the sire of the
dam of Scottish Standard, is one of the
famous names among prize-winning
Highland and Royal show Galloway
sires. Baroness 2d of Tarbreoch 21280,
the first-prize aged Galloway cow at the
1902 International Live Stock Exposi-
tion and at the 1901 Highland show, was
a daughter of his. Dora of: Durhamhill
(13550), by Camp Follower, was a cham-
pion at both Highland and Royal shows.
Louisa 2d of Durhamhill (14925), another
daughter, won the breed championship
and gold medal for the best Galloway
at the 1898 Highland show. Scottish
Farmer (6628) was also a prize-winning
son and champion.

Scottish Standard was imported by
Brookside farm, J. H. Bass, proprietor,
Fort Wayne, Ind., in 1899. Before ex-
portation he had not only sired some
great show animals, but had also won
the following prizes in Scotland and
England: In 1896, as a yearling, he was
first at the Carlisle bull show, and also

95

at the Castle Douglas Agricultural show.
In 1897 he wan first prizes at Castle
Douglas, Dalbeattie, Scotland; Highland
and Agricultural society of Scotland at
‘Glasgow, and the Royal Agricultural
Society of England show at Manchester.
At the two latter shows he was also
awarded medals for being the best Gal-
loway bull exhibited. In 1898 Scottish
Standard was placed first at Castle
Douglas, the Dumfries Union, and at the
Highland and Agricultural at Kelso,
Scotland; also at the Royal Agricultural
Society of England show at Birming-
ham. He also won medals at both High-
land and Royal shows. In 1899 he again
won premier place at: Castle Dougias
and the Royal Agricultural Society of
England at Maidstone, winning a medal
also at the latter exhibition. This same
‘season he was imported to America to
head the Brookside farm herd.

In the United States this bull has not
been extensively shown. In 1901 he made
@ number of the more important state
fairs, but was not in the best flesh, and
so did not obtain the coveted first place.
At the Indiana state fair he was placed
second, at the Illinois’ state third and
at the International Live Stock Exposi-
‘tion at Chicago also third. His chief
competitors on this circuit were the im-
ported bulls Druid of Castlemilk 17054
and Muscosis 3d. Scottish Standard was
not presented in as high flesh and bloom
as his competitors, and so did not secure
‘the recognition’ he might have won
otherwise. Scottish Standard showed
‘himself to be a _ Jlevel-backed, blocky,
deep-bodied, short-legged, grand-headed
type of the breed, covered with a beau-
tiful coat of hair. Good critics this sea-
son counted him the best type of the
three bulls mentioned, each of which was
of unusual excellence and international
reputation. The Breeder’s Gazette cor-
respondent, reviewing the International
-Galloway show, wrote: ‘‘No attempt has
‘been made to finish him for this com-
petition, and yet the grand type of the
bull, his head of outstanding character,
his closeness to the ground and his fin-
ish warrant the honors he has attained
and qualify him for any contest for
which he may be prepared.”’

Before his importation to the United
States, Scottish Standard began to show
his worth as a breeder, although his
‘show-ring career was of great eminence.
His son McDougal 4th of Tarbreoch 18300

(6841), out of Maggie of Tarbreoch (8613),
was imported to this country in 1900,
where he obtained great distinction in
the show ring on many occasions and
sold at auction in Chicago at $2,050—the
highest price ever paid for a Galloway
in America. At the 1901 International
McDougal 4th of Tarbreoch stood second,
one place above his sire, in the aged bull
class.

In his great value as a sire Scottish
Standard stands as the greatest Gallo-
way bull that has yet lived in America,
and no doubt as one of the most prepo-
tent of the breed in any land. The im-
portance of this great bull as a breeder
can be in part seen in the following show
yard record of his progeny in the United
States. Scottish Standard Ist 18538 is
perhaps his greatest -son. In 1901 he was
the first prize Galloway bull calf at the
Indiana and Illinois state fairs and fourth
at the International. As a yearling, in
1902, he won first place at the Wiscon-
sin, Indiana, Iowa and Minnesota state
fairs and at the International Live Stock
Exposition, and was also junior cham-
pion Galloway bull at these shows. In
its review of the Iowa state fair Gallo-
way show, referring to Scottish Standard
Ist, the Breeder’s Gazette said: “Brook-
side boasts one of the greatest sires
known to the breed in old Scottish Stand-
ard, but if he had never begotten an-
other-calf than this one under praise he
would have lived in history. * * * Of
Galloway type and character this fellow
is fully master; he has ample scale,
grand levelness, remarkable width and
strength of back and fine condition.
When he fills a little about the tail head,
as he probably will, there will be as
few flaws to pick in him as any repre-
sentative of the breed that ever stood
before the public on this side the water.
Such sweeping compliment does not
often find record in these columns; it ap-
pears only when the facts warrant it.”
In 1903 Scottish Standard ist was first
prize 2-year-old Galloway bull at the
Indiana, Illinois, Minnesota and Iowa
state fairs, and at the Kansas City Royal
show and at the International Live Stock
Exposition. In these shows he was also
champion. McDougal 4th of Tarbreoch
is also a worthy son of Scottish Stand-
ard. In 1901 he was second in class at
the International and in 1902 first prize
aged and charnpion at Wisconsin, Min-

—97—

nesota and Indiana state fairs, and sec-
ond at the International Exposition. Pro-
fessor Thomas Shaw is credited with
saying at the Minnesota state fair that
he was “one of the best types of the
breed he ever saw?’ The cow Scottish
Princess ist 19335 is one of Scottish
Standard’s greatest female descendants.
At the 1901 International she won first
prize in class and champion female. In
1902 as a yearling at the state fairs she
was placed third at Wisconsin, sec-
ond at Indiana, first in class and
junior champion at Minnesota, and
was third at the Iowa state fair. This
season she won four blue ribbons
and four junior championships. In 1903
she was first prize 2-year-old Galloway
cow at the Illinois state fair and was
given third place in class at the Inter-
national Exposition. She is a female of
great beauty and superior breed tyne.

Scottish Mist 19771, another daughter.
of Scottish Standard, as a heifer calf in-
1902 either stood first or second in class
at all the fairs, and in 1903 she divided
honors with Scottish Princess 2d 20905,
her half-sister, for first place at the
shows. In 1903 a popular favorite was
Adelia of Brookside 22716, a heifer calf
by Scottish Standard, she bsing made
first prize winner in class and junior fe-
male champion at the leading fairs. In
1902 Standard Yet 19776 appeared as a
bull calf in the ring and he proved. very
successful. Two-In-One 19755, another
son, in 1903 made a creditable show as
a yearling.

Scottish Standard has proven very fer-
tile as a breeder, and the Brookside herd
has relied largely on him for its show
yard winnings. From a personal letter
to the author from Brookside farm the
following is quoted: “In the fall of 1903
we took with us to the following fairs
eleven calves, sired by Scottish Stand-
ard; the fairs were at Des Moines, Iowa;
Hamline, Minn.; Springfield, Ill.; Indian-
apolis, Ind.; American Royal at Kansas
City and the International at Chicago. At
these shows we with our eleven calves
won forty-seven first prizes, twenty-four
second prizes, eighteen third prizes, seven
junior championships and one grand
championship. * * * We will state
that the animals we showed this fall
were all Scottish Standara calves, Scot-
tish Standard ist being our 2-year-old,
Two-In-One our yearling bull. Scottish

—9g—

Challenger our bull calf, and, besides
these, Scottish Princess ist, Scottish
Mist, Scottish Maid 19768, Scottish Prin-
cess 2d 20905, Scottish Empress 22715,
Scottish Jewel B. 22728, Adelia of Brook-
side and Betty Miller 18356. Repeatedly
Brookside farm was awarded first prize
on our four animals, get of one sire, and
on various occasions they won both first
and second places with his sons and
daughters in groups of four.”

Scottish Standard is yet alive, with pos-
sibly several more years of service. There
are many of his daughters now in the
Brookside herd, and the possibilities of
his progeny to secure still greater Gal-
loway fame is beyond estimation. It is
highly probable, however, that future
Galloway records in America will be re-
markably impressed with the blood of
this great bull. It is doubtful even now
if the offspring of a single bull of any
breed in so short a time has made so
strong a show ring record as has Scot-
tish Standard.