ALBERT R. MANN
LIBRARY

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CORNELL UNIVERSITY

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THE GIFT OF

Isabel Zucker
class '26

Cornell University

The original of this book is in
the Cornell University Library.

There are no known copyright restrictions in
the United States on the use of the text.

http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924073984118

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FLORAL KINGDOM.

Sts History, Sentiment and Poetry.

THE

-A DiIcTIONARY OF MORE THAN THREE HUNDRED PLANTS, WITH THE
GENERA AND FAMILIES TO WHICH THEY BELONG, AND
THE LANGUAGE OF EACH ILLUSTRATED
WITH APPROPRIATE GEMS
oF PoETrRy.

BY MRS. CORDELIA HARRIS TURNER.

With an Autograph Letter and Introductory Poem by William Cullen Bryant.

AND

A PRACTICAL TREATISE FOR AMATEURS

ON THE

CULTIVATION AND ANALYSIS OF PLANTS

CHICAGO:

Moses WarRREN, 103 STATE STREET,
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COPYRIGHT.
“1846,
By Moses WARREN.
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y HE love of flowers having become so nearly

universal, it seems almost superfluous for an
author to attempt any explanation in placing
a work at all pertaining to the subject before
the public, as every work, either elaborate or
simple, must awaken a response in some heart
where nature has placed her shrine. To those

endowed with keen perceptions, the magnifi-
cent, intricate: and wonderful handiwork of the All-wise is daily mani-
fested, and always new, in the infinite variety of the floral world.

A number of years ago, the writer, being interested in the mytho-
logical legends of the Greeks and Romans, was frequently struck with
the number of fabled gods and goddesses, and the various rural nymphs
who attended them, that were transformed into a tree, shrub or flower,
either to mitigate some sorrow, gratify revenge, or as a punishment for
some breach of the laws supposed to govern the deities of that time.

Having made numerous memoranda of such legends, the love of
flowers was sufficient to interest one in the general history of plants,
their nativity, uses, the chief events in the history of each species, its

cultivation and introduction into America. The “FLORAL KINGDOM” :
iii

= ——— os

coo

PREFACE.

is the mature outgrowth of such notes. In order to make the book
pleasing to the general reader, it has been the endeavor to exclude all
technical terms pertaining to the science of botany, except the mere
classification of plants into families to show the relation of one plant to
another.

This arrangement has been made according to what is called the
Natural System, it being the one most in use in the various books on
botany, as more philosophical than the Linnean System.

The sentiment or language assigned to each flower has been the

result of an extended search through various works both ancient and

modern, the most ancient being the richest, however, in material and in
poetic ideas. The sentiments attached to flowers originating in the imag-
inative minds of the people, served as a means of communication at a
time when the art of writing was known only to the few, these being
mostly learned men and professional scribes. As the well known disa-
greements of authors in attributing different languages to the same
plant often make it difficult to determine which to choose, it is proper
to state that the sentiments here given have been preferred because of
the weight of authority in their favor.

Having led the reader into the bowers of nature, what more natural

.than that many paths should be found leading into the garden of the

poets, where rich intellectual blossoms are scattered with an unsparing
hand? The love of poetry elevates the soul and makes it more suscep-
tible to those delicate, spiritual and subtle influences that’ are found in
other souls; it gives it a more rare appreciation of those higher beau-
ties that are daily seen both in nature and art; it awakens a depth of
feeling that almost entirely obliterates selfishness, and opens the heart
to generous sympathies and warm impulses. The selections made
for this work are numerous, and are the result of a very prolonged and
laborious quest, They have been culled from many sources and various
authors, foreign and native, and comprehend many of the choicest gems

ih

) from the works of the best poets of all ages. O. He OY:
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ALPHABETICAL LisT oF AUTHORS QUOTED,

AvuTOGRAPH LETTER AND Porm, by William Cullen Bryant,

Hymn To THE FLoweErs, by Horace Smith,

PART j1.— Description,

- pages x-xi

“ xii-xill

“ xiv-xv

Language and Poetry of Flowers. .

PAGE. PAGE.
Acacia (Rose) —Friendship, 1 AspPHODEL—Remembered beyond the tomb, -31!
ADDER’s ToncuE—Deceit, 2 AsreR—Cheerfulness in old age, 32
AponIs — Sorrowful remembrances, 3. AuRicuLA—Painting, 33
AGERATUM —Politeness, 4 AzaLrEa—Temperance, - 34
AGRimony—Thankfulness, 5 BaccHaris —Intoxication, 35
AILANTUus —Lofty aspirations, 6 BacHELor’s BuTron — Single blessedness, 36
ALMonD —Despair, 7 Batm (Motucca)—You excite my curiosity, 37
ALOE — Grief, 8 Baim (Sweet)— Charms, 38
ALoysia—Forgiveness, g Baim (WiLp)—I value your sympathy, - 39
AxLyssum —Merit before beauty, 10 Baim or GILEAD— Sympathetic feeling, 40
AMARANTH —Immortality, 11 BaLsamMInE—Impatience, 41
AMARANTH (GLOBE) —I change not, 12 Barronra (GOLDEN)—Does he possess riches? 42
AMARYLLIS — Pride, 13. Basi~ (SwEET)—Good wishes, 43
AMERICAN ARBOR ViTz—Thine till death, 14 BAyBERRY—I respect thy tears, 44
AMERICAN E_m —Patriotism, 15 BrecH—Lovers’ tryst, 45
AMERICAN LINDEN —Matrimony, 16 Brconra—Deformity, 46
ANDROMEDA (MARSH) —Bound by fate, - 17 BELLFLOWER —A constant heart, 47
ANEMONE — Anticipation, 18 BrERBERRY—A sour disposition, -- 48
ANGELICA—Inspiration, 19 Brrcn—Elegance, 49
ApocyNnum —Falsehood, 20 Brack HoarHounD—I reject you, 50
AppLe BLossom—Preference, 21 BLADDERNUT—A trifling character, 51
ApricoT—Temptation, 22 BoraGE—Abruptness, 52
ArsuTus — Simplicity, 23 Bouncine Bess —Intrusion, 53
ARETHUSA—Fear, 24 Box—Stoicism, 54
ARISTOLOcHIA—Prodigality, 25 Broom—Humility, 55
ARNiIcA—Let me heal thy grief, 26 Broom Corn —Labor, 56°
AscLepias — Conquer your love, 27. BRowaALLiA—Can you bear poverty? S7
Asu — Grandeur, - 28 BucLoss—Hypocrisy, 58
ASPARAGUS —Emulation, 29 BuLrusn—Indecision, 59
\ Aspen —Excessive sensibility 30 Burpock—Proximity undesirable, 60
Ss +N

CONTENTS. h }

PAGE PAGE.
Butrercup—Distrust, - - - - 61 DaARNEL—Vice, - - - 112
BUTTERFLY ORCHIS— Gaiety, 62 Day Lity—Cogquetry, - - - 113
CacaLia—Adiulation, 63 DerapLty NicgHTsHADE—Death, 114
Cactus (NIGHT-BLOOMING)—Transient beauty 64 DoppzER—Baseness, 115
Cactus (SNAKE) — You terrify me, 65 DoGwoop—Honesty true nobility, 116
CaLcEoLaRiA—Novelty, 66 Dracon’s CLAw—-Danger, 117
Catia Lity—Feminine beauty, 67. Dwarr Pinx—Innocence, 118
CaLycanTHus —Benevolence, 68 Dyer’s WeEeD—Design, - 119
CaMELLIA—Perfect loveliness, 69 EBENASTER—Night, 2 120
Canary Grass —Perseverance, - yo EcLtantine—Home, 121
Canpyturr—Architecture, 71 ELpER—Zeal, 122
CANTERBURY BELLS — Gratitude, 72, ENCHANTER’s NIGHTSHADE— Sorcery, 123
CARDAMINE —Infatuation, 73. EnpiveE—Medicine, 124
CARDINAL FLowEeR—Preferment, 74 ENGLisH Moss — Fortitude, 125
CarRNATION — Contempt, 75 EscaLLonia— Opinion, 126
CatrcuFrLy—I am thy prisoner, 76 ETERNAL FLowER—Eternity, - 127
CEDAR (RED) —TI live for thee, 77. EupaTtorium—Delay, - 128
CELANDINE —Future happiness, 48 EupxHorsia—Reproof, - 129
CHAMOMILE—Mercy,~— - 49 Evtroca—A Gift, - 130
CuestNuT—Deceptive appearances, 80 EyEBRIGHT—Your eyes are bewitching, 131
CHICKWEED — Star of my existence, 81 FENNEL —Worthy all praise, 132
Cuicory—Prudent economy, - 82. FENNEL FLOWER —Artifice, 133
Curina AsTER (DouBLE) —Bounty, 83. Fern (WALKING) — Curiosity, 134
Curtna ASTER (SINGLE) —I will think of it, 84 FEvERFEW —Beneficence, 135
CHRYSANTHEMUM — Slighted affections, 85 Fir BaLtsam—Health, - 136
CINERARIA—Always delightful, 86 Frax—Domestic industry, 137
Crirron—Marriage, 87 FLower-or-an-Hour —Trifling beauty, 138
CLIANTHUS — Glorious beauty, 88 FourR-o’cLock —Time, : 139
CLoTsuR —Detraction, 89 FoxcLove—Delirium, 140
CLoverR—Industry, go FRITILLARIA—Persecution, 141
Cosza— Gossip, g1 Fucusia—Grace, 142
Cockscoms —Foppery, 92 GENTIAN—Intrinsic worth, 143
CoLuMBINE —Folly, 93 GERANIUM— Confidence, 144
Coreopsis —Happy at all times, 94 GLApIOLUS—Ready armed, 145
CorIANDER—Mcrit, 95 G Loser FLowER —Fancy, - 146
Corn CockLe —Worth above beauty, 96 Gourp—Extent, 147
CoroniILLa— Success crown your wishes, 97 GrRass—Utility, 148
Corton PLant— Greatness, 98 Grounp Ivy—Enjoyment, 149
CRANBERRY—Hardihood, 99 GRounD PrngE— Complaint, 150
Crape MyrtLe—Eloquence, - 100 Gum TrREE—Enthusiasm, Ist
Crocus (SPRING) — Cheerfulness, ior HAwWKWEED— Quick-sightedness, 152
Crown ImperiaLt—Imperial power, 1o2 Heratu— Solitude, 153
CupHEea—I mpatience, 103 HrLentum—Tears, 154
CurRRANT—Y ou please all, 104 HELIoTROPE—Devotion, 155
CycLAMEN—Diffidence, 105 HELLEBORE—Calumny, 156
Cypress — Sorrow, 1o6 Hemp —Fate, - 157
DarFopi_— Chivalry, - 107 HoLttyuHock—Ambition, - .- 158
Dau Li1a—Dignity, - 108 Horty—Foresight, - 159
Daisy—Innocence and beauty, 109 Honesty—Honesty, 160
DanvELIon—Y outhful recollections, - 110 HonEysucKLE—Bonds of love, - 161

( DAPHNE — Sweets to the sweet, = - - 111 Hor—Injustice, - - - 162 ?
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CONTENTS. h
PAGE, PAGE,
Horse CHestNut—Luxury, - - 163 MovurNING BRipE—Unfortunate attachment, 213
HovuseLEEK—Vivacity, - - 164 MuLLEIN— Good nature, - 214
Hoya—Sculpture, - 165 Musk PLanr—A meeting, - - - 215
HyacinTH —Jealousy, - - 166 Musrarp— Indifference, 216
HypRANGEA—Boasting, 167 Myrtie— Love, - 217
Hyssop —Purification, - - 168 NAsTURTIUM— Heroism, - 218
Ick PLAnt—Formality, - - 169 NEMOPHILA— Prosperity, - 219
INDIAN MALLow—Estimation, - 1yo NETTLE—Slandér, - - - 220
Ipomaa— Attachment, 171 OAK-~ Honor, - - 221
Ipomopsis — Suspense, - 172 Oats—Country life, - - 222
Inis—A messenger, 173 OLEANDER — Beware, - 223
Ivy—Lasting friendship, 174 OLEASTER — Providence, - 224
JASMINE (WHITE)—Amiability, 175 OLIvE— Peace, - 225
JuniperR—Asylum, 176 ORANGE— Chastity, 226
Justic1a—Female loveliness, 177. Orcuis—A belle, 227
KENNEDYA—Mental beauty, 178 OsieR (BASKET)— Frankness, - - 228
Lapy’s SLtipper—Fickleness, - 179 OsmunpDA— Dreams, 229
LAKE-FLOWER—Retirement, 180 OxaLis— Parental affection, 230
Lantana—Rigor, 181 Pmony— Shame, 231
Larxspur—Levity, 182 ParsLey— Festivity, - 232
LaureLt— Glory, 183. Passion FLowEer — Holy love, 233
Lavurestine—I die if neglected, 184 Pra (SWEET) — Departure, 234
LavENDER—Confession, - 185 Pracu BLossom—I am your captive, 235
Lemon Biossom—Discretion, 186 PENTsTEMON— High-bred, 236
Lretrruce—Cold-hearted, - - 187 PERIWINKLE— Early friendship, 237
Litac— Awakening love, 188 PERsIMMON— Amid nature’s beauties, 238
Lity — Purity, 189 PErTunia—Keep your promises, 239
LiLy oF THE VALLEY — Return of happiness, 190 PHAsEOLUS— Opportunity, 240
Lion’s Heart — Bravery, 191 PHLox—Unanimity, 241
Loasa — Pleasure, 192 PIMPERNEL— Mirth, 242
Logpeia — Malevolence, 193 PineE~— Philosophy, - 243
Locust — Vicissitude, 194 PircHEeR PLant — Instinct, 244
Lopuospermum — Ecstasy, 195 PLumBAGO— Meekness with dignity, 245
Lupine — Voraciousness, 196 PorinseTTIA— Brilliancy, 246
MAaGnotia — Love of nature, 197 POMEGRANATE— Lightning, 247
Matitow — Goodness, - 198 Poppy (Oprum)— Sleep, 248
MapLe (Rock)— Reserve, - 199 PorTuLAca— Variety, 249
MaricoLp — Cruelty, 200 PoTENTILLA— Beloved daughter, 250
MARJORAM (SWEET)— Blushes, _ - 201 PRIMROSE — Youth, 251
MatTHIOLA — Promptitude, 202 PrivetT— Defense, 252
MauranptiA — Courtesy, 203 QUEEN oF THE MEADOW — Praise, 253
MayYWweEEp — Rumor, 204 QUEEN OF THE PRAIRIE — Nobility, 254
Mepick — Agriculture, 205 QuincE— Allurement, 255
MELILot — Philanthropy, 206 RacGGcED Rosin — Wit, 256
MERMAID WEED— Necessity, 207. RANuNCcULUS — Ingratitude, 257
MIGNONETTE —Your qualities surpass your RuoporA— Beauty in retirement, 258
charms, 208 Rocket—Rivalry, : 259
MINT — Virtue, 209 Rose (AusTRIAN)— Loveliness, - 260
MISTLETOE — Obstacles to be overcome, 210 RosresBay— Talking, 261
MonxsHoop — Knight-errantry, - 211 RosE (DAMAskK)— Blushing beauty, - 262

Morninc Giory — Repose, 212 Rosg-LEAVED Rusus— Threats, - - 263 i

as

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, CONTENTS.

PAGE. PAGE,
RosEMARY — Remembrance, - 264 SyrincaA— Memory, : 296
Rose (Musk) — Charms, 265 Tansy — Resistance, 297
RosE (WHITE) — Secrecy, 266 TEASEL— Misanthropy, 298
RUDBECKIA — Justice, 267. THISTLE—Austerity, 299
RuE— Repentance, 268 THORN — Difficulty, 300
SacE— Domestic virtue, 269 THorN ApPLe— Deceitful charms, 301
Satvia — Energy, 270 THRirT— Sympathy, 302
SARSAPARILLA — Experience, - 271 TiGER FLowErR — Pride befriend me, 303
SASSAFRAS — Favor, 272. TRUMPET FLOWER — Fame, 304.
SENSITIVE PLANT — Bashful modesty, 273 +—TuBEROSE — Voluptuousness, 305
SHAmrock — Light-heartedness, 274 TuLip— Declaration of love, 306
SNAPDRAGON — Presumption, - 275 TussILAGo—Justice to you, 307
SnowBa.i — Thoughts of heaven, 276 VaLERian — Obliging disposition, 308
SNowprop— Consolation, 277. ~Venus’s Fiy-TRap— Deceit, 309
Snowprop TREE — Exhilaration, 278 VeEnus’s Loox1nc-cLass— Flattery, 310
SouTHERNWoop — Jesting, 279 =Verpena— Sensibility, . 311
SPEEDWELL — Female fidelity, 280 -VWioter — Modesty, 312
SPIDERWoRT — Transient happiness, 281 WirGin’s Bower — Filial affection, 313
SRE Nero — Henetty) 282° WaLLFLOWER — Fidelity in misfortune, 314
Suen ral 83 Watnur— Intellect, 315
STAPELIA — Offense, 284 w Thee eee 6
STaR FLoweErR — Reciprocity, - 285 ee pees 3
STAR OF BETHLEHEM — Reconciliation, 286 WEEPING ELD —Mpbaneholy, 317
STRAWBERRY — Perfect goodness, 287 Wueat — Riches, 2 318
Sumacu — Splendor, 988 WHITE WaLNuT— Understanding, 319
Summer Savory — Success, 289 WINTER CHERRY — Deception, 320
SUNFLOWER — Lofty thoughts, 290 WitcH Hazer— Witchery, 321
Sweer Frac—Fitness, 291 Wormwoop— Absence, 322
Sweet Potato — Hidden qualities, 292 YARROW—War, 323
Sweet SuLTAN — Felicity, 293 YEW—Sorrow, 324
Sweet WILLIAM — Stratagem, : 294 YuccaA— Authority, 325
SycamorE— Woodland beauty, 295 ZINNIA— Thoughts in absence, - - 326

PAR Jj.— Cultivation and Analysis of Plants.

PRACTICAL FLORICULTURE. DIsEAsES OF PLANTS— Mildew; Blackrust;

PAGE.
Sorts — Loam; Sand; Leaf-mold; Turf; Peat; Damping Off, 342
Manures, . 330-331 PRACTICAL PRECEPTS, 342
FLowER-Brps—In Relation to Symmetry
and Color; Deformities Concealed, 331-333 CULTURE OF FAVORITE PLANTS,
PROPAGATING PLANTS — Sowing Seeds; Cut-
tings or Slips; Layering; Offshoots; Bulbs, 333 perenne 346
PoTTiING PLAntTs, 335 CHYRANTHUS; 347
WaTERING Pranrs, aq OAEANTHUE, 347
PRUNING PLANTS, 2 338 ALTERNANTHERAS, 348
Insrcts— Foliage Insects: Aphis . Rose; AMARYLLIS, 349
Thrips; Red Spider; Mealy Bug; Coccus; ASTER, - 349
Verbena Mite; Roller Caterpillar; Rose AZALEA, : : 350
Beetle; Tobacco Worm, 338-340 Barsam, - Z 350
Root Worms: Angleworm;* Milleped; Cut- BEGONIA, - - - 351
\ Worm; Wire- Worm, 341 Bovuvarpia, - - - - 352 a
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} CONTENTS.
PAGE. NEGLECTED BEAUTIES.
Cactus, 352 Cyorce Native Witp FLowers— Anemone ao
CALADIUM, 353 nemorosa; Uvularia; Erythronium; Dode-
CAMELLIA, 354 catheon meadia; Tradescantia Virginica; Co-
CANNA, 355 reopsis; Asclepias tuberosa; Cassia chame-
CaRNATION, 355 crista; Liatris; Gentiana crinita; Asters, 392
CoLrus, 356 CLIMBING PLANTS — Climbers: Passiflora
CraPpe MyRTLE, 357 Fordii; Clematis virginiana; Clematis Sie-
Crocus, 357 boldii; Clematis Jackmanni; Clematis John
CYCLAMEN, 358 Gould Veitch; Cobea scandens; Eccremo-
Daisy, 359 carpus scaber; Cucurbitacez, 394
DICENTRA, 360 Twiners: Ipomcea; Quamoclit vulgaris; Cal-
DRACENA, 360 ystegia sepium; Boussingaultia basilloides;
EcHEVERIA, 361 Mikania scandens; Lonicera; Celastrus scan-
ERYTHRINA, 361 dens; Aristolochia sipho; Lathyrus odoratus;
FITTon1a, 362 Maurandia; Thunbergia; Menispermum
Fucusta, 363 Canadense; Wistaria Sinensis; Phaseolus
FUNKIA, neo multiflorus; Adlumia cirrhosa; Jasminum
a oy officinale; Humulus lupulus; Periploca
. y Greca, 394-396
GLADIOLUS, 368 Creepers: Hedera helix; Sideea: :
HELIOTROPE, 367 Veitchii; Ampelopsis quinquefolia; Tecoma
; pelopsis quinquefolia;
oil i radicans ; eae repens, ; 396-397
Hicaeevans, os ieee Epigza repens; Tradescantia ze- bh
LiBonia, 371 Pens. 398
Liny, 372 Grasses,
Lity oF THE VALLEY, 372, Hearus, 400
Linaria, 373 MossEs, 401
MAHuERNIA, 373 :
OLEANDER, a4 STRUCTURE OF PLANTS.
Pansy, 375 GHEMISTRY OF PLANTS, 402
PELARGONIUM, 375 ‘TISSUES, 493
PEPEROMIA, 346 Roots — Annuals; Biennials; Perennials, 404,
Perunia, 397 Stems— Stalks; Axil, - 405
PHLox, 377 Leaves—Stipules; Bracts; Buds; 4stivation, 406
PHYSIANTHUS, 378 FLowsers— Calyx; Corolla; Stamen; Pistil;
~ PRIMROSE, 379 Pericarp; Seed; Receptacle; Nectary, - 408
RosgE, 380 INFLORESCENCE. 410
SAXIFRAGE, 382 DIVISIONS OF THE VEGETABLE KINGDOM.
pea os VARIETY; Subspecies or Race; Species ;
Seraciiatne 384 Subgenus or Section; Genus; Tribe and
SMILAX, 384 Subtribe; Suborder; Order; Subclass or Alli-
STEPHANOTIS, 385 ance; Class, Series or Subkingdom, 411-412
TRITOMA, 386 SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION.
TROPZOLUM, 386 ArtiFIciaL System or Linn.2us — Twenty-
TUBEROSE, 387 four Classes; Twenty-six Orders, 414-415
TuLiP, - 388 NaruraL OrperRs oF LInNaus, 415
VERBENA, 389 NaturRAL Systems, 416-417
VIOLET, - 389 INFLUENCE OF FLORICULTURE, - 418
it WEIGELA, - 390 INDEX oF SENTIMENT, 421-424
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Alghabelical Jrist of Authors Quolen.

Abbey, Henry.
Adams, John S.
Addison.
Akenside.

Aleyn.

Alimony, Lady.
Anacreon.
Ancrum, Earl of.
Angelo, Michael.
Armstrong, Dr. John.
Ascher, Isidore G.
Aylward, James S.

Babington.

Bailey.

Baillie, Joanna.

Barrett, Miss.

Barton, Bernard.
Baxter, Sylvester.
Beattie.

Beaumont and Fletcher.
Beddoes, Thomas Lovell.
Bell, Alexander.
Bellman Carl Michael.
Benjamin, Park.
Bennett, Emily T.
Bennett, W. C.
Benton, Joel.
Bidlake.

Bird.

Bird, Robert M.
Blackmore, Sir R.
Blair. <
Blessington, Countess of.
Bogart, Elizabeth.

Boker, George H.

Bowles, Miss.

Bowring, John.

Bradley, Mary E.

Brock, Sallie A.

Brome,

Brooke.

Brooke, Lord.

Brooks, James G.

Brown.

Browne.

Browne, Mary Anne.
Browne, William.
Browning, Elizabeth Barrett.
Bruce, Michael. oe
Bryant, William Cullen.
Brydges, Sir S. E,

Bulwer.

Burbidge, Thomas.

pes G. A.

Burleigh.

Burns.

Butler.

Butler, Mrs. Frances A. K,
Byron.

Campbell.
Carey, Pheebe.
Carew, Lady.

Carew, Thomas.
Cartwright.
Chandler, Mary.
Chandler, Mrs. C. N.
Chapman, George.
Churchill.

Cibber.

Clare.

Clare, John.

Clark, Willis Gaylord.
Clarke, Sara Jane.
Clason, Isaac 8.
Cleveland.

Clinch.

Clinch, T. H.
Coleridge.

Collins.

Comer, Joseph.
Congreve.

Conrad, Robert T.
Cook, Eliza.
Cooper, George.
Cordner, Charlotte.
Cornwall, Barry.
Cotton,

Cowley.

Cowper.

Crabbe.

Cranch, Christopher Pearse.

Crown.
Cumberland.

Dana, R. H.
Daniel, Samuel.
Darley, George.
Darwin, Dr. E.
Davenant, Sir William.
Davenport.
Davies, Sir John,
Dawes, Rufus.
Decker.

Denham, Sir J.
Dickens, Charles.
Dinnies, Mrs. Anne Peyre.
Dobell, Sydney.
Dodge, Mary B.
Donne.

Dorr, Julia C. R.
Drayton.

Drayton, Nicholas.
Drew.

Dryden.

Dyer.

Eastburn, J. W.

Eldredge, Mrs. R. T.

Ellet, Mrs. Elizabeth F.
1h

Embury, Mrs.
Emerson, Ralph Waldo,
Eusden.
Euphorion.
vans,

Everest, C. W.
Everett, John.

Fairfax, _.
Fawcett, Edgar.
Fenton.
Fielding.
Fields, James ie
Fitts, James Franklin.
Foote.

Ford, John.

Fountain.

Franklin.

Franklin, James.
Frisbie, Levi.
Frowde.

Fuller, Frances A.

Gay.

German, from the.
Gibbs, A.

Gifford.

Gifford, Lena I.
Gilman, Caroline.
Glyndon, Howard.
Goffe.

Goldsmith.

Gould, Miss.
Granville.

Gray.

Greek, from the.
Green,

Greenwell, Dora.
Grey, Barton.

Habington, William.
Hale, Mrs. S. J.

Hall, Marcia.
Halleck.

Hamlin, G.

Harney, Will Wallace.
Harte, Walter.
Harvard.

Hay, William.

Hayne, Paul H.

Hays, Samuel.

Hayley.

Heath.

Heine.

Hemans, Mrs.
Henderson.

Herbert, George.
Herbert, Wiliam.
Herrick, Robert.
Heywood.

Hill.

Hill, Aaron,

Hill, Kate. J.
Hillhouse, James A.
Hirst, Henry B.
Hoffman, Chas, Fenno.
Holmes, Oliver Wendell.
Home, John.

Hood, Thomas,

Howard, Mrs. V. E.
Howard, Sir Robert.
Howel.

Howitt, Mary.
Howitt, William.
Hoyt, Ralph.
Hughan, O. G.
Hugo, Victor.
Hunt, Josie E.
Hunt, Leigh.

Hunt, Sir A.

Ingelow, Jean.

Jeffery.

Jenks, H. N.
Jewsbury, Miss.
Johns, H. I.
Johnson, C.
Johnson, Dr.
Jones, Sir W.
Jonson, Ben.

Keats, John.

Kemble, Frances Anne.
Kermode, Tamar Anne.
King, Dr. Henry.
Knowles.

Korner.

Labree, L.

Lalee.

Landon, L. E.
Langey, W. F.
Larcom, Lucy.
Lawrence, William. R.

Leggett, William.
Lewis, Anna Estelle.
Lewis, Mrs.

Leyden, Dr.

Lillo.

Locke, Jane E.
Locke, A. A,

Locke, Mrs.
Longfellow.

Lover, Samuel.
Lowell, James Russell.
Lynch, Charlotte Anne.
Lyitleton.

Macaulay, Lord.
Maéhan.
Mackellar.
Madden, Dr. S.
Malcolm, Edith,
Mallet.

Mant,

Marloe.
Marmyon,
Marston.
Mason,

3 SS

eA Z—ehD

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF AUTHORS QUOTED.

Massey.
Massinger.
Maturin,

May, Edith,
May, Thomas,
Mayne.
Merivale.
Metastasio.
Middleton.
Miller.

Miller, Joaquin.
Milman,

Milton.

Mirror for Magistrates.
Moir,
Montgomery.
Montgomery, W. R.
Moore.

Moore, L. Bruce,
More, Hannah.
Morris, Robert.
Motherwell.

Murphy.
Bieay, Lindley.

Nabb.

Noney, A. W,
Norris, John.
Norton, Andrews,
Norton, Mrs.

Ogilvie.

Old Play.

Ordway.

O'Reilly, John Boyle.
Orrery, Earl of.

Osgood, Frances Sargent.
Osgood, Kate Putnam,
Otway.

Ovid.

Paine, R. T.
Palmer, J. W.
Parnell.
Patterson,
Pattison.
Paulding.
Peerbold.
Percival.
Percival, James G.

Petrarch.

Philips, Ambrose.
Philips, John,

Philips, Katherine,
Pierpont, John.

Pierson, Mrs. Lydia Jane.
Pike, Albert.

Pindar.

Pinkney, Edward C,
Pittacus.

Poem of 1584.

Pollock.

Pope.

Pordage,

Prattent.

Prentice, G, D.

Prior.

Proctor.

Procter, Adelaide Anne.
Proctor, Bryan W.

Quarles, Francis.

Raleigh, Sir Walter.
Rand, Mrs. M. H.
Randolph.
Randolph, Mrs. Eliza S.
Read, Thomas Buchanan.
Reid, Christian.
Renaud, Edward,
Richards, W. C.
Robinson, Mary.
Robinson, Mrs.
Rochester,
Rogers,
Roscoe, William.
Roscommon.
Rossetti, Christina Georgina.
Rowe.
Russell, P. W.

yan,

Salmagundi.
Sandys.

Sanford, Lucy M.
Sappho.

Sargent, Epes.
Savage.

Saxe, John G.
Scott, Sir Walter.
Shakespeare.
Shaw.

Shelly.

Shenstone.

Sheridan.

Shirley.

Sidney, Sir Philip.
Sigourney, Mrs.
Simms, W. G.

Smith.

Smith, Horace.
Smith, Mrs. E. Oakes.
Smith, Mrs. L, P.
Smith, Mrs. Margaret.
Smith, Mrs. Seba.
Smith, William.
Smollett.

Southern,

Southey,

Southey, Mrs.
Southwell, Robert.
Spanish, from the.
Spear, Thomas G.
Spencer, Caroline.
Spenser.

Sprague, Charles,
Stapleton, Sir Robert.
Steele, Anne.

Sterline (or Stirling), Earl of.
Sterling, John.
Stillingfleet.

Story, W. W.

Street.

Street, Alfred B.
Strickland.

Stuart, Carlos D.

‘Swain, Charles.

_ Swain, John.
Suckling, Sir John,
Sweney, Robert.
Swift.

Sylvester, Joshua.
Sylvestre. L.

Tasso.
Tate.
Taylor, Bayard.
Taylor, Henry,
Tennyson.
Terry, Rose.
Thackeray, William Make-
peace.
Thaxter, Celia.
hompson.

Thomson,
Thompson, James Maurice.
Thurlow, Lord.
Tickell.

Tighe, Mrs.
Timon, The New.
Tracy.

Trapp.
Tuckerman, F, G.
Tuke.

Tusser.

Twiss, Horace.

Very, Jones,
Virgil.

Walcot, Dr.

‘Walker, James.
Waller.

Waller, John Francis,
Walsh, William.
Wandestord.
Watkyns.

Watson, J. T.
‘Webber, Fred W.
Webster.

Webster, John,
Welby, Mrs. Amelia B.
Wesley, J.

White, Henry Kirke.
Whitman, Sarah Helen,
Whittier, J. G.
Wilcox, Carlos.
Wilde, R. H.
Wilkins.

Willis, N. P.

Wilson.

Wilson, John.
Wither, George.
Woodworth.
Wordsworth.
Wotten, Sir Henry.

Young.

INITIALS.

The Milbet edmonton Jlenethe d hare,
Anat form the Lovee Ticats, wpptly Coax
po ee eye

oo

— ah

Hymn to the Flowers.

AY-STARS! that ope your frownless eyes to twinkle
From rainbow galaxies of earth’s creation,
And dew-drops on her lonely altars sprinkle
As a libation.

N,)

Ye matin worshipers! who, bending lowly
Before the uprisen sun, God’s lidless eye,
Throw from your chalices a sweet and holy
Incense on high.

BN
SONY

Ye bright mosaics! that with storied beauty
The floor of Nature’s temple tessellate,

{ What numerous emblems of instructive duty
Your forms create!

i p ’Neath cloistered boughs, each floral bell that swingeth,
1 LW And tolls its perfume on the passing air,
ig» § Makes Sabbath in the fields, and ever ringeth

A call to prayer.

Not to the domes where crumbling arch and column
Attest the feebleness of mortal hand,
But to that fane, most catholic and solemn,
Which God hath planned;

To that cathedral, boundless as our wonder,
Whose quenchless lamps the sun and moon supply;

Its choir the winds and waves, its organ thunder,
Its dome the sky.

There, as in solitude and shade I wander
Through the green aisles, or stretched upon the sod,

Awed by the silence, reverently ponder

! The ways of God,

X1V ay
Ir

aan)
eahg—es

HYMN TO THE FLOWERS.

—72
a)

Your voiceless lips, O flowers! are living preachers,
Each cup a pulpit, every leaf a book,
Supplying to my fancy numerous teachers
From loneliest nook.

Floral Apostles! that in dewy splendor
“Weep without woe, and blush without crime,”
O, may I deeply learn, and ne’er surrender,
Your love sublime!

“Thou wert not, Solomon, in all thy glory,
Arrayed,” the lilies cry, “in robes like ours!
How vain your grandeur! ah, how transitory
Are human flowers!”

In the sweet-scented pictures, heavenly artist!
With which thou paintest Nature’s wide-spread hall,
What a delightful lesson thou impartest
Of love to all!

Not useless are ye, flowers! though made for pleasure;
Blooming o’er field and wave, by day and night,
From every source your sanction bids me treasure
Harmless delight. ;

Ephemeral sages! what instructors hoary
For such a world of thought could furnish scope?
Each fading calyx a memento mort,
Yet fount of hope.

Posthumous glories! angel-like collection!
Upraised from seed or bulb interred in earth,
Ye are to me a type of resurrection
And second birth.

Were I in churchless solitudes remaining,
Far from all voice of teachers and divines,
My soul would find, in flowers of God’s ordaining,
Priests, sermons, shrines.
—Horace SMITH.

XV

CH

ene
SO]

Description, Language and Poetry of

Flowers.

od- ry

The Language of Flowers.

Their language? Prithee! why, they are themselves
But bright thoughts syllabled to shape and hue—

The tongue that erst was spoken by the elves,
When tenderness as yet within the world was new.

And, oh! do not their soft and starry eyes—
Now bent to earth, to heaven now meekly pleading,
Their incense fainting as it seeks the skies, [ing —
Yet still from earth with freshening hope reced-

Say, do not these to every heart declare,
With all the silent eloquence of truth,
The language that they speak is Nature’s prayer,
To give her back those spotless days of youth?
— Charles Fenno Hoffman,

Acacia-Hose,

Robinia hispita. Natura Orver: Leguminose —Pulse Family.

SHE Rose Acacia is a beautiful shrub of the locust tribe,
varying in height from three to five feet, and is grown for
its large clusters of rose-colored, pea-shaped flowers, which
are very pleasing to the eye. The Acacias are all very
handsome plants, with great diversity of foliage, and number,
in all their varieties, upward of four hundred. They are
found in every quarter of the globe, except Europe, and some of them
are natives of our own Southern States. The flowers of the choice
varieties are yellow, pale straw-color, red, or purple. They require
the protection of the greenhouse to grow them in perfection.

Friendship.

MALL service is true service while it lasts;

Of friends however humble, scorn not one:
The daisy, by the shadow that it casts,
Protects the ling’ring dewdrop from the sun.

— Wordsworth.
H! let my friendship in the wreath, OVE is a sudden blaze which soon decays;
Though but a bud among the flowers, Friendship is like the sun’s eternal rays;
Its sweetest fragrance ’round thee breathe — Not daily benefits exhaust the flame:
*Twill serve to soothe thy weary hours. It still is giving, and still burns the same.
—Mrs. Welby. —Gay.

“TS RIENDSHIP'’S an abstract of love’s noble flame,
’Tis love refined, and purged from all its dross;
The next to angel’s love, if not the same;
As strong as passion is, though not so gross:
It, antedates a glad eternity,

And is a heaven in epitome. —Katherine Phillips.
RIENDSHIP is a plant of heavenly birth, RIENDSHIP is the cement of two minds,
Constant its nature, and immense its worth, As of one man the soul and body is;
Its essence virtue, and is known to rest, Of which one cannot sever but the other

And glow most warmly in the virtuous breast! Suffers a needful separation.

B —Prattent. —Chapman,

i

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Toye

Adder’s Tongne,

Ophtoglossum vulgatum. Natura Orver: Filices— Fern Family.

seeds are produced.

ey in length.

in ‘, Some being too minute to be visible to the naked eye.

STRANGE name has this singular little plant, being derived
? from two Greek words, offzs, meaning serpent, and g/ossa, a
= tongue; so called from the lance-like spike on which the
It belongs to the beautiful family of
ferns, most of which propagate themselves by seeds or
‘WX spores, arranged in various ways on the back of their leaves,

It is found in

ia low grounds, with solitary fronds measuring from two to three inches
It has been chosen as an emblem of deceit, because those

Hereit.

ND this was he who loved me; he who came

To whisper vows to my too willing ear

With lip of melody and heart of flame;

Vows whose glad truth I deem’d so trebly dear
To him who breathed them, that had doubt or fear
Been raised within my heart, they could not grow—

He whose bright eyes bespoke a soul sincere —

This; this was he who—Vain remembrance now! —

He lives to scorn the past —he lives to break his vow.

O man’s condition is so base as his;

None more accursed than he; for man esteems
Him hateful ’cause he seems not what he is;
God hates him ’cause he is not what he seems;
What grief is absent, or what mischief can
Be added to the hate of God and man?

—Francis Quarles.

Ae that deceit should steal such gentle shapes,

And with a virtuous visor hide deep vice!
—Shakespeare.

—Mrs, Norton.

ETTER the truth,
Though it bring me ruth,
Than a lie as sweet as the dreams of youth.
Better to stand
In a lonely land,
My feet unshod in its desert sand,
Than to blindly go
Where cool streams flow,

And a serpent coils in the grasses low.
—Mary E. Bradley,

ao

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Adonis,

Adonis autumnalis. Narurar Orper: Ranunculacee —Crowfoot Family.

c

ae N the Adonis we have a fine hardy annual of European

birth, which, according to ancient mythology, sprung from
p=the blood of Adonis, one of the lovers of Venus, who while
hunting was killed by a boar. Venus mourned his loss with
: =~ many tears. While she was weeping over the spot, a beautiful
ys je” “S plant came up covered with flowers like drops of blood. Thus |
yy ye have the fables and flowers descended to us through the mists of ages,
j laden with the reminiscences of vanished time.

CICK CZ,

FESS ESSGXO|

: Sorrowtul Remembrances,

oe idle tears,—I know not what they mean,
Tears from the depth of some divine despair

Rise in the heart, and gather in the eyes,

In looking on the happy autumn fields,

And thinking of the days that are no more.

—Tennyson.
HEY bid me raise my heavy eyes, HEN the cold breath of sorrow is sweeping
Nor mournful still in tears complain — Over the chords of the youthful heart,
They bid me cease these broken sighs, And the earnest eye, dimmed with strange weeping,
And with the happy smile again: Sees the visions of fancy depart;
They say that many a form of light When the bloom of young feeling is dying,
Is gliding round me while I pine, And the heart throbs with passion’s fierce strife,
But still I weep—though fair and bright, When our sad days are wasted in sighing,
It is not thine. —Mrs, Norton. Who then can find sweetness in life?

—Mrs. Embury.

EMORIES on memories! to my soul again
There come such dreams of vanish’d love and bliss
That my wrung heart, though long inured to pain,

Sinks with the fullness of its wretchedness.
—Phebe Carey.

vo : =< |

a
es

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Ageratum.

Ageratum flexicanum. Naturar Orver: Composite—Aster Family.

s CARCELY any flower is more in use among florists for group-
ing in bouquets than the Ageratum; its small, fringe-like heads
filling in so softly around the more unyielding blossoms; toning
down all harsh outlines, and harmonizing tints too antagonistic
Sjto each other, by its unobtrusive presence. There are only
two varieties in color: one a most delicate blue, the other white;
and two in height, a dwarf and a tall kind. It produces a fine effect.
4 when grown in masses in the garden, or is well adapted for pot
culture, the dwarf having the preference, the blossoms being about

\s7 the same size. It is a native of Mexico and the West Indies.

Politeness,

ER air, her manners, all who saw admired;
Courteous, though coy, and gentle though retired;
The joy of youth and health her eyes display’d,
And ease of heart her every look convey’d.

—Crabbe.
HE nymph did like the scene appear, HAT are these wondrous civilizing arts,
Serenely pleasant, comely fair; This Roman polish, and this smooth behavior,
Soft fell her words as blew the air. That render man thus tractable and tame?
—Prior. —Addison.

ASE in your mien, and sweetness in your face,
You speak a siren, and you move a grace;
Nor time shall “urge these beauties to decay,
While virtue gives what years shall steal away.
7 —Tickell,
N simple manners all the secret lies: F softest manners, unaffected mind;

Be kind and virtuous, you'll be, blest and wise. Lover of peace, and friend of human kind.
—Young. —Pope.

MORAL, sensible, and well-bred man
Will not affront me, and no other can. ui

—Cowper.

HROUGH all his tuneful art how strong OUL, where thoughts like to white-winged angels,
The human feeling gushes! Brood in the hush of this dim, dark eve,
The very moonlight of his song Whisper to me thy sweet evangels,
Is warm with smiles and blushes. Whisper and sigh, but do not grieve;
—F. G. Whittier. Out of the depths of thy charmed chambers
UNDERSTOOD not that a grateful mind Raise me a song that shall thrill afar;
By owing owes not, but still pays, at once Kindle thy fires, blow bright thine embers,
Indebted and discharg’d. —Milton. Gleam on her soul like the gleam of a star.
—Barton Grey.

Agrimoany,

Agrimonia parviflora. Narurar OrvEr: Rosacee—Rose Family.

‘GRIMONY, a plant well known to the Greeks and Romans,
and by them very highly esteemed for its healing. properties,
was at one time thought superior to all others known to
science as medicinal. Some authors derive the name from

the Greek “argema, the web or pearl of the eye, a disease
: NK of which it was supposed to cure.” Several plants under
Yer, this name are found throughout the United States, in the fields and

* woods. The flowers are small and yellow, in long, slender racemes.
i The plants vary in height from one to three feet, some of them being

@ quite aromatic.

Shankiuludes.

OR she hath lived with heart and soul alive
To all that makes life beautiful and fair;
Sweet thoughts, like honey-bees, have made their hive

Of her soft bosom-cell, and cluster there.
—Amelia B. Welby.

W.* owe thee much; within this wall of flesh
There is a soul counts thee her creditor,.

And with advantage means to pay thy love.
—Shakespeare.

HANKS, thanks to thee, my worthy friend, F you have lived, take thankfully the past;

For the lesson thou hast taught. Make, as you can, the sweet remembrance last. :
—Longfellow. —Dryden. :

AG—eL>

I,
Aaa

; iy

Aitlantus.

Ailantus glandulosa. Narurat Orver: Rutacee—Rue Family.

XURIANT in aspect is this Chinese tree, the botanical name
of which is derived from its Malay name, az/anto, that is,
Tree of Heaven. It grows to a great height, the trunk is
usually very straight, and the leaves, a yard or more in
length, are composed of smaller leaflets arranged along
the central stem, with one at the tip, similar to the leaves
of the butternut. They are abundant, and form a plentiful and
delightful shade. The tree grows rapidly; the wood is soft and of
no utility.

Botty Aspirations,

HE planted seed, consigned to common earth,
Disdains to molder with the baser clay,
But rises up to meet the light of day,
Spreads all its leaves and flowers and tendrils forth,
And, bathed and ripened in the genial ray,
Pours out its perfume on the wandering gales,
Till in that fragrant breath its life exhales;
So this immortal germ within my breast
Would strive to pierce the dull, dark clod of sense;
With aspirations wingéd and intense,
Would so stretch upward, in its tireless quest

To meet the Central Soul, its source, its rest.
—Charlotte Anne Lynch,

RESTLESS, strong, impetuous will, P from its trammels the freed spirit wings,

Eager to do and dare the worst, Higher to soar;

Emulous ever to be first, Attar immortal a pure essence flings,
Attaining, yet aspiring still. —yrate ¥. Hill. Sweet, evermore! —AMary B. Dodge.

ATURE never stands still, nor souls either. They ever go up or go down;
And hers has been steadily soaring—but how has it been with your own?
She has struggled, and yearned, and aspired — grown purer and wiser each year;

The stars are not farther above you, in yon luminous atmosphere! —9ulia C. R. Dorr.

ho—o>

a : zh

7 —r >

Almond,

Ampgdalus pumila. Natura Orver: Rosacee—Rose Family.

Spee * HE Almond is a beautiful little shrub, sending forth its deli-
He if cate pink, crape-like blossoms early in the spring, completely
~* covering each branch from base to apex, while the foliage
is almost unseen. The ancients had a beautiful custom of
wreathing poetic fables with everything, and there is scarcely
a flower but what is clothed with some affecting tale of dis-
appointed lovers. The Almond tree was said by them to have sprung
from the dead body of Phyllis, princess of Thrace, who was watching
for her betrothed husband’s return. On the day appointed for his
arrival, she watched and waited anxiously, and at last, hopeless and
despairing, killed herself upon the shore, and was changed into this
shrub.

eapatr,
UT dreadful is their doom whom doubt has driven
To censure fate, and pious hope forego:
Like yonder blasted boughs by lightning riven,
Perfection, beauty, life, they never know,

But frown on all that pass, a monument of woe.
— Beattie,

ETHINKS we stand on ruin; nature shakes HERE is no light shed on my way,
About us; and the universal frame ’s Ev’n hope’s pale beam has fled,
So loose, that it but wants another push And those I loved have gone for aye
To leap from its hinges. ° —Lee, To the cold realms of the dead.
—Marcia Hall.

OW like gall and wormwood to the taste

The cup that we have longed to drain may prove.
—Lydia Fane Pierson.

O* my darling, earth is weary, HO sees laid low,
Life, without thee, sad and dreary, At a single blow,
Ocean’s song a Miserere! The sweetest thing in his life, may know
And my sun is burning low, What bitter ruth
Fainter yet life’s embers glow, For my heart, in sooth,
Tides will ebb that cannot flow. Was born of this naked, terrible truth. d
i —Fames Franklin Fitts. —Mary E. Bradley. ii

ava : i

meaner

eee

2G

Aloe.

Agave Americana. Narurat Orver: Amaryllidacee—Amaryllis Family.

HIS plant is a native of the tropical portions of America,
although the same species are found in the burning sands of
the Eastern Hemisphere. The leaves are thick and fleshy,
tapering to a point, and dentate on the edges. They some-
times grow as much as six or eight feet in length, each leaf

coming out one close above the other, with no interval on the
stem. The flower-stalk rises from the center of the surrounding
leaves to the height of twenty to thirty feet, bearing on the summit
a pyramidal panicle of numberless yellow flowers. Formerly it was
said to bloom only once in a century. It is now known to bloom
from eight years upward, according to the attention given it, and the
region where it grows. Another variety, with smaller leaves of
almost invisible green, is completely covered with white, bead-like
dots, forming a striking contrast to the color on which they rest.

Oriel.

H sorrow! where on earth hast thou not sped
Thy fatal arrows! on what lovely head
Hast thou not poured, alas! thy bitter phial,

And cast a shadow on the spirit’s dial.
—Anna Estelle Lewis.

N tears, the heart oppressed with grief, ALF of the ills we hoard within our hearts,

Gives language to its woes; Are ills because we hoard them. — Proctor,
In tears its fullness finds relief,

When -tapture’s, Hide clerdows! UT where the heart of each should beat,
Who, then, unclouded bliss would seek There seemed a wound instead of it,

On this terrestrial sphere, From whence the blood dropped to their feet,
When e’en delight can only speak, Drop after drop— dropped heavily,

Like sorrow, in a tear? As century follows century

—Metastasio, Into the deep eternity. —Zvicabeth Barrett Browning.

| AM dumb, as solemn sorrow ought to be;

Could my griefs speak, the tale would have no end.
. — Otway,
8

AD

Aloysia,

Alopsia citriodora. Narurat Orver: Verbenacee —Vervain Family.

% ESERVING of all praise is the Aloysia, sometimes called
ie Lemon Verbena. It is from Paraguay, and received its

“ name in honor of Queen Mary Louisa, of Spain, the mother
Ye of Ferdinand VII. It is cultivated as a greenhouse shrub,
for the aromatic odor of its delicate leaves, the least touch of
2 which yields the delightful fragrance of the lemon. Frequently it is
NIK placed in the ground in summer, and in a dry cellar in winter. It
.* should be trimmed back in the spring before the leaf buds begin to
* start, as otherwise it is inclined to a straggling growth. The flowers
are small, appearing in spikes. They seldom bloom in this latitude.
The young branches are used by florists in bouquets.

Horgiveness,

OME grave their wrongs on marble; he, more just,

Stoop’d down serene, and wrote them in the dust.
— Dr. S. Madden.

HILE yet we live, scarce one short hour perhaps,

Between us two let there be peace. —Milton.
F there be sa lige easier for the generous to forgive
One of you all that ever from my presence Than for offense to ask it, — Thompson.

I have with saddened heart unkindly sent, NEEL not to-me:

The power that I have on you, is to spare you;
The malice toward you, to forgive you; live
And deal with others better. —Shakespeare.

I here, in meek repentance, of him crave

A brother's hand, in token of forgiveness.
—Foanna Baillie,

ORGIVE and forget! why the world would be lonely,
The garden a wilderness left to deform,
If the flowers but remember’d the chilling winds only,

And the fields gave no verdure for fear of the storm.
—Charles Swain.

F ever any malice in your heart HE narrow soul
Were hid against me, now forgive me frankly. Knows not the God-like glory of forgiving. i
—Shakespeare. —Rowe,
= 9 Ss

—e Cm rena)

a

tea. . =

Alyssum,

Alpssum maritimum. Narurar Orver: Crucifere— Mustard Family.

Fy MONG the ancients the Alyssums were supposed to possess
» some charmed property, which had power to control and
= subdue violent and ungovernable paroxysms of temper, and
, keep the disposition mild and passive. Its name is derived
fd from the Greek a, not, and Jussa, rage. It is a perennial of
Al os )YReasy culture, and gladdens the garden from June to October
i @: ‘, With its fine leaves, delicate white flowers and sweet perfume. The
We Rock (Saxatile) Alyssum is a native of Candia, and has yellow blos-
©)

(Jerit Betorg Geanty.

(QAID I she was not beautiful? Her eyes upon your sight
Broke with the lambent purity of planetary light,

And as intellectual beauty, like a light within a vase,

Touch’d every line with glory of her animated face.

— Willis.
ELL me not that he’s a poor man, H, how much more doth beauty beauteous seem,
That his dress is coarse and bare; By that sweet ornament which truth doth give!
Tell me not his daily pittance The rose looks fair, but fairer we it deem
Is a workman’s scanty fare; For that sweet odor which doth in it live.
Tell me not his birth is humble, Shakespeare.

That his parentage is low; AR better in its place the lowliest bird

Should sing aright to Him the lowliest song,
Than that a seraph strayed, should take the word

Is he honest in his actions?

This is all I want to know.
—Foseph Comer.

And sing his glory wrong. —Fean Ingelow.

‘hese only merit constant pay receives;
Ts blest in what it takes, and what it gives. Beauty provoketh thieves sooner than gold.
—Pope. — Shakespeare.

Ce actions crown themselves with lasting bays;

Who well deserves needs not another’s praise.
—Ffeath,

ie is witness still of excellency

To put a strange face on its own perfection.
—Shakespeare,

cae

Corer

een
Sa

Amaranth.

®omphrena perennis. NATURAL ORDER: Amarantacee — Amaranth Family.

‘,OUTH AMERICA has contributed this variety of the Ama-
ranth to the flora of the United States. It is a plant about
two feet high, with narrow, tapering leaves, and flowers simi-
lar in shape to those of the common red clover. They are
y. crimson in color, and equally fadeless and durable as in the
annual species. Because of this quality they have been the
chosen emblem of immortality from the early days of Homer down
4 to the poets of ‘modern times.

Ammortality,

VOICE within us speaks that startling word —
“Man, thou shalt never die!’ Celestial voices
Hymn it into our souls; according harps,
By angel fingers touch’d, when the mild stars
Of morning sang together, sound forth still
The song of our great Immortality.
—R. H. Dana.

I'T\IS immortality deciphers man, MMORTALITY o’ersweeps

And opens all the mysteries of his make, All pains, all tears, all time, all fears—and peals
Without it, half his instincts are a riddle, Like the eternal thunders of the deep
Without it, all his virtues are a dream. Into my ears this truth—— Thou liv’st forever!
—Young. —Byron.,

RESS onward through each varying hour;
Let no weak fears thy course delay;
Immortal being! feel thy power,
Pursue thy bright and endless way.
—Andrews Norton.
LL, to re-flourish, fades; HE spirit of man
As in a wheel, all sinks, to rediscend, Which God inspired, cannot together perish
Emblems of man, who passes, not expires. With this corporeal clod.
—Young. —Milton.
OLD in the dust this perish’d heart may lie,

\ But that which warm’d it once shall never die.
—Campbell.

yy II

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Ve,

cones

®omphrena globosa. NATURAL ORDER: Amarantacee— Amaranth Family.

Amaranth--Globe.

aed 75 HE Globe Amaranth is a tender annual from the flowery
vales of India. It is valued chiefly for its heads of bright,
round, purple flowers, which, if gathered when freshly blos-
somed, will retain their brilliancy for years. The white
variety is cultivated for the same purpose, the two forming
very pretty bouquets for winter. The seeds are enveloped
in a cottony substance, which should be removed before planting,
as it hinders the process of germination.

4 Ghange Hat.

CHANGE but in dying, and no holier vow
From lips mortal e’er came than I breathe to thee now;
It comes from a heart with love for thee sighing;

Believe me, ’tis true—I change but in dying.
—Fohn S. Adams.

WAS not false to thee, and yet WOULD not leave thee did I know
My cheek alone look’d pale! That all the world’s reproach were true—
My weary eye was dim and wet, That ’neath some great temptation’s power
My strength began to fail; Thy soul had lost its native hue;
Thou wert the same; thy looks were gay, ‘Had dyed itself with darkest guilt;
Thy step was light and free: Had plunged without remorse in crime:
And yet, with truth my heart can say, Not even then would I forsake —
I was not false to thee. Thine, and thine only, for all time.
—Mrs. Norton. —H. C.

HE mountain rill
Seeks with no surer flow, the far, bright sea,

Than my unchang'd affection flows to thee.
—Park Benjamin.

HANGELESS as the greenest leaves O! and with all of eloquence thou hast,
Of the wreath the cypress weaves — The burning story of my love discover;
Hopeless often when most fond— And if the theme should fail, alas! to move her,
Without hope or fear beyond Tell her when youth’s gay summer-flowers are past,
Its own pale fidelity. Like thee, my love will blossom till the last!
—Miss Landon. —Charles F. Hoffman,
12 3

a

Amaryllis.

Sprekelia formosissima. NaruraL Orver: Amaryllidacee—Amaryllis Family.

wees UMEROUS varieties of these beautiful tropical bulbs are to
Ri be found with florists and seedsmen, the most common
o gi being, perhaps, those known as the Atamasco, Belladonna,
g and Jacobea lilies, from their superb, lily-like flowers. There

Ke

zy

are, however, about a hundred and fifty others, differing in
5 their coloring, time of blooming, or shape of flower, that are
worthy all the enthusiasm they have inspired. The root is similar
to a large onion, either tapering upward or flattened, according to
BYRY the species; the leaves thick, long and narrow; the flower-stalk
a> about a foot high. They are grown in pots, either as window or
greenhouse plants. The Amaryllis receives its name from a nymph,
mentioned in the Eclogues of Virgil, where Corydon thinks the
cruel anger and proud disdain of Amaryllis was easier to bear than
the cool indifference of Alexis, whom he so madly loved.

y : ©
ay

ar

Pride,

RIDE, self-adorning pride, was primal cause
Of all sin past, all pain, all woe to come.

—Pollock.
AKEN, thou fair one! up, Amaryllis! OW poor a thing is pride! when all, as slaves,
Morning so still is; Differ but in their fetters, not their graves.
Cool is the gale; =Dauiels
The rainbow of heaven, HOUGH various foes against the truth combine
With its hues seven, Pride, above all, opposes her design;

Pride, of a growth superior to the rest,

The subtlest serpent, with the loftiest crest,
Swells at the thought, and kindling into rage,
Would hiss the cherub Mercy from the stage.
In Neptune’s arms naught shall affray thee; —Cowper.
Sleep’s god no longer power has to stay thee, ] *LL go along, no such sight to be shown,

' Over thy eyes and speech to prevail. But to rejoice in splendor of mine own.

Brightness hath given
To wood and dale;

Sweet Amaryllis, let me convey thee;

—Carl Michael Bellman, —Shakespeare.

ary
Corwen

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web

r .
American Arbor Gite.

Thuja occidentalis. Naruray Orver: Contfera — Pine Family.

cote
eer

4: HIS tree is almost identical with the White Cedar, and is
li; frequently mistaken for it. It is very abundant along the
rocky shores of lakes, rivers, and swamps of the northern
parts of the United States and the Canadian provinces. The
trunk is crooked and covered with evergreen foliage from
bottom to top, the branches diminishing in length toward the

The wood is very light and soft, yet it is said to be durable.

apex.
The classical name is derived from the Greek word thuo, I sacrifice,

GOhing tH Death.
O we grew together,
Like to a double cherry, seeming parted,
But yet a union in partition,

Two lovely berries molded on one stem;

° ‘So with two seeming bodies, but one heart.
—Shakespeare.
F life for me hath joy or light, My heart, ev’n ere I saw those eyes,
Tis all from thee; Seem’d doom’d to thee;
My thoughts by day, my dreams by night, Kept pure till then from other ties,
Are but of thee, of only thee; ”T was all for thee, for only thee.
Whate’er of hope or peace I know, Like plants that sleep till sunny May
My zest in joy, my balm in woe, Calls forth their life, my spirit lay,
To those dear eyes of thine I owe; Till touch’d by love’s awak’ning ray,
’Tis all from thee. It lived for thee, it lived for thee.
—Moore.
CHANGE but in dying! the trials of earth
May gather around me and darken my path,
But true as the needle, which points to the pole,
Will my heart turn to thee—thou beloved of my soul.
—T. Drew.
HE task befits thee well, UT green above them
To gather firmness as the tempests swell Thy branches grow;
Around me still, companion, wife and friend, Like a buried love, or a vanish’d joy,
‘ To cling in fond endurance to the end. Link’d unto memories none destroy.
it —Victor Hugo. —Miss Fewsbury. i
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(
as

American Elm.

Wlnus Ameruana, Naturar Orver: Ulmacee—Elm Family.

c

as NE of the most beautiful trees in the United States is the
American Elm. Nothing can surpass the exquisite beauty of
its long, pendulous branches, that hang from its ample crown
like brown threads strung with dark-green leaves. The trunk
rises erect to a considerable height, whence it stretches upward
‘SSinnumerable arms to sustain the wealth of foliage whose shadow

the body of the tree, where they sway with all the grace of an ostrich
plume, catching the slightest motion of the toying breeze, as if the
sun and air filled them with an ecstatic joy. The Elm thrives best
in moist lands, particularly lowland pastures, where it makes a rapid

2. New England, and the effect has been most picturesque.

Patriotism,

HEAVEN, he cried, my bleeding country save!
Is there no hand on high to shield the brave?
Yet though destruction sweep those lovely plains,

Rise, fellow-men! our country yet remains! —Campbell.
NATCH from the ashes of your sires HE sword may pierce the bearer,
The embers of their former fires, Stone walls in time may sever;
And he who in the strife expires Tis heart alone,
Will add to theirs a name of fear Worth steel and ‘stone,

That tyranny shall quake to hear. That keeps man free forever!
—Byron. —Moore.

UDGE me not ungentle,
Of manners rude, and insolent of speech,
If when the public safety is in question,
My zeal flows warm and eager from my tongue.
—Rowe.
E who maintains his country’s laws

Alone is great; or he who dies in the good cause.
—Sir A. Hunt.

2,

growth. It has been much used around the sequestered homes of

ia © a

American Linden.

Gilta Americana. Natura Orver: Tiliacee—Linden Family.

i FASSWOOD is the common name for this forest tree in our
K Northern States. It grows to a great height, and abounds in
=a wholesome mucilaginous juice. Its tender young twigs
are often pulled and eaten by school children for this prop-
erty. The inner bark is sometimes manufactured into rope.
The wood is very soft and white, and is used for the paneling
of carriages and in cabinet work, as it is easily wrought.

European Linden, while the East Indians rely upon the native species
for their rice bags, fishing nets and lines.

Qalrimany,

EDDED love is founded on esteem,
Which the fair merits of the mind engage,
For those are charms which never can decay;
But time, which gives new whiteness to the swan,

Improves their luster. —Fenion.
HOUGH fools spurn Hymen’s gentle powers, AVE I a wish? ’tis all her own;
We, who improve his golden hours, All hers and mine are rolled in one—
By sweet experience know Our hearts are so entwined,
That marriage, rightly understood, That like the ivy round the tree,
Gives to the tender and the good, Bound up in closest amity,
A paradise below. —Cotton. ‘Tis death to be disjoined. —Lindley Murray.

EMPTING gold alone

In this our age more marriages completes J
Than virtue, merit, or the force of love.
—Wandesford,
ET still the woman take : HAT thou art is mine;
An elder than herself; so wears she to him, Our state cannot be sever’d; we are one,
So sways she level in her husband’s heart. One flesh; to lose thee were to lose myself. ;
—Shakespeare. ' —Mijton, : A

AD

erent

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Audvomeda--Marsh.

Andromeda hppnoides. Narurar Orver: Lricacee—Heath Family.

haughty wife named Cassiopeia, and a daughter Andromeda.
His wife was so vain of her beauty that she contested with
Juno for the supremacy. For such temerity, Jupiter issued a
decree that her daughter should be bound to a rock on the
coast, that she might be devoured by sea-monsters. Perseus,

Bound by Fate.

ET wit her sails, her oars let wisdom lend;
The helm let politic experience guide:
Yet cease to hope thy short-lived bark shall ride

Down spreading fate’s unnavigable tide.
—Prior.

NWILLING I forsook your friendly state,

Commanded by the gods and forced by fate.
—Dryden.

THOU who freest me from my doubtful state,
Long lost and wilder’d in the maze of fate!

OME taste the lotus, and forget
What life it was they lived before;

And some stray on the seas and set
Their feet on every happy shore;
But I—I linger evermore.

Be present still. —Pope. —Fames Maurice Thompson.
ATE steals along with ceaseless tread,
And meets us oft when least we dread;
Frowns in the storm with threatening brow,
Yet in the sunshine strikes the blow.
—Cowper.
ERE I walk the sands at eve, il ese day too short for my distress; and night,
Here in solitude I grieve, Ev’n in the zenith of her dark domain,
Break the spells we loved to weave. Is sunshine to the color of my fate.
—Fames Franklin. —Young.
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es

Anemone,

Anemone coronarta. NatruraLt OrpER: fanunculacee —Crowfoot Family.

= IND-FLOWER is a frequent appellation of this beautiful

iN » little plant, which comes from the countries bordering
; all. 2on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean, known col-
Z ; in lectively as the Levant. We find quite a beautiful fable
47’ concerning it in heathen mythology: Anemone was a nymph
greatly beloved of Zephyr, and Flora, being jealous of her

beauty, banished her from court, and finally transformed her into the

flower that bears her name; whence it is sometimes taken to express
withered hopes. It is also connected with the story (already given) of
° the love of Venus for Adonis, on which account the language has been
made “Anticipation,” as she spent one-half the year longing and watch-
ing for his return.

Auttipation,

O the fond, doubting heart its hopes appear
Too brightly fair, too sweet to realize;
All seem but day-dreams of delight too dear;
Strange hopes and fears in painful contest rise,
While the scarce-trusted bliss seems but to cheat the eyes.

—Mrs, Tighe.

HE looked from out the window From her white and weary forehead

With long and asking gaze, Droopeth the dark hair,
From the gold-clear light of morning Heavy with the dews of evening,
To the twilight’s purple haze. Heavier with her care;
Cold and pale the planets shone, Falling as the shadows fall,
Still the girl kept gazing on. Till flung ’round her like a pall.

: —L, E. Landon,

lig: our hearts fair hope lay smiling
Sweet as air, and all beguiling;
And there hung a mist of bluebells on the slope and down the dell;
And we talked of joy and splendor
That the years unborn would render,
And the blackbirds helped us with the story, for they knew it well. '

es

—Fean Ingelow.

AD

: a

Angelica,

Angelica atropurpurea. Narurar Orver: Umbellifere —Parsley Family.

2 HIS plant is the largest of the species, the stalks attaining
the height of from four to six feet. It grows usually in a
wild or half-naturalized state, in fields and meadows, possesses
strong aromatic properties, and is sometimes used in medicine.
The garden Angelica is supposed to be a native of Labrador,
and is the plant cultivated and used the same as celery, the
blanched stalks adding a good relish when other salads are scarce.

iad

The poets of Lapland fancied they derived inspiration from wearing

S)
ae,
Fag

it as a crown; hence its application.

Quspiration,

SIM HE poets may of inspiration boast,
pe Their rage, ill governed, in the clouds is lost;

He that proportioned wonders can disclose,

At once his fancy and his judgment shows;

Chaste moral writing we may learn from hence,
Neglect of which no wit can recompense.

The fountain which from Helicon proceeds,

That sacred stream should never water weeds,

Nor make the cup of thorns and thistles grow,
Which envy or perverted nature sow. -- Roscommon,

OETS are limners of another kind, YES planet calm, with something in their vision
To copy our ideas in the mind; That seemed not of earth’s mortal mixture born;
Words are the paint by which their tho’ts are shown, Strange mythic faiths and fantasies Elysian,

And nature is the object to be drawn. And far, sweet dreams of “fairy lands forlorn.”
—Granville. —Sarah Helen Whitman,

HE poet’s eye, in a fine frenzy rolling,
Doth glance from heaven to earth, from earth to heaven;
And, as imagination bodies forth
The forms of things unknown, the poet’s pen
Turns them to shapes, and gives to airy nothing
\ A local habitation and a name. —Shakespeare.

vy i

IAD Lemay

Apacyunm.

Apocunmn androsemifolimm. Narurar Orver: Apocynacee—Dogbane Family.

times called Dogbane, because, according to Pliny, some of
the species were supposed to be fatal to those animals, as
is, indeed, the extract of one of the genus, which is obtained
from the seeds of the strychnos nux vomica of India. It is
«sold under the name of strychnine, and is fatal not only to
., the canine race, but to all animal life. This plant is about three feet
is high, with opposite leaves from two to three inches long, rounded at
a> the base, and sharp at the point. The flower is small, white, striped

Falsehood.

H! doom’d indeed to worse than death,
To teach those sweet lips hourly guile;
To breathe through life but falsehood’s breath,

And smile with falsehood’s smile.
—Mrs. Osgood.

IRST, I would have thee cherish truth, HE man of pure and simple heart
As leading-star in virtue’s train; Through life disdains a double part;

Folly may pass, nor tarnish youth, He never needs the screen of lies

But falsehood leaves a poison-stain. His inward bosom to disguise.

—Eliza Cook. — Gay.
Me his carriage, every look ND though I stand
Employed whilst it concealed a hook; In a lonely land,

When simple most, most to be feared; Afar from the touch of a tender hand,

Or a mouth to kiss—
It is better this

Than to cling to a falsehood and dream it bliss.
—Mary E, Bradley.

Most crafty when no craft appeared;
His tales no man like him could tell;
His words, which melted as they fell,

Might even a hypocrite deceive,

‘And make an infidel believe. N° falsehood shall defile my lips with lies

— Anon. Or with a veil of truth disguise. —sandys.

20

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AALS

Ss

Apple Dlossom,

Purus malus. Narurat Orpver: Rosacee—Rose Family.

Sc ITH lavish hand have the fruits been bestowed upon southern

\" and tropical climates, both in regard to variety and abund-
keyeeeance; but the apple, which is superior to them all, on
fy. account of the various ways it may be used, the length
of time which it will keep in perfection, and the frequency
with which it may be eaten without satiating the appetite,
is a particular boon to the dwellers of cold climates, for there it obtains
its greatest size and most perfect flavor. The blossom is sweet-scented,

and has a delicate pink flush. An orchard in bloom is a charming sight.

way Preferencg.
© MIND the apple blossoms, how thick they were that spring!

Yes, and I’m likely to mind them as long as any thing.
Some of the boughs, I remember, were just a sight to see;
The buds were as red as roses, all over the top of the tree.
I held a branch while she stripped it, till, shaken out of place,
A bee from one of the broken flowers came flying into her face.
She screamed, and I—I kissed her, just for a cure, you know,

And she blushed till her cheeks were pinker than the pinkest apple blow.
—Kate Putnam Osgood.

C let us plant the apple tree:
Cleave the tough greensward with the spade;
Wide let its hollow bed be made;
There gently lay the roots, and there
Sift the dark mold with kindly care,
And press it o’er them tenderly,
As round the sleeping infant’s feet
We softly fold the cradle sheet;
So plant we the apple tree.

F others be as fair,

What are their charms to me,
I neither know nor care,
For thou art all to me.

21

What plant we in this apple tree?
Buds, which the breath of summer days
Shall lengthen into leafy sprays;
Boughs where the thrush, with crimson breast,
Shall haunt, and sing, and hide her nest;
We plant, upon the sunny lea,
A shadow for the noontide hour,
A shelter from the summer shower,

When we plant the apple tree. —Bryant.

—Mrs. Seba Smith.

i
if

Apricot,

Prunus Armeniaca. Narurat Orper: Rosacee— Rose Family.

=yN the Apricot we have a tree that is thought to have origi-
nated in Armenia, but which is also found in the countries
adjacent, and as far east as the Celestial Empire and Japan.
Its introduction into Europe is said to have been effected by
Alexander the Great, since whose time it has been generally
( cultivated there. The tree is medium in size, being from
fifteen to twenty feet high. The flowers are white, and make their
4 appearance in April or May, before the putting forth of the leaves.
' Ke The fruit is of a purplish-golden hue, from one to two inches in diameter,
and is palatable either to be eaten in its natural state or made into a
je preserve or jelly. It is cultivated in some parts of the United States,

al.

—

=

#9

Some

and thrives best in a temperate or warm climate.

Semptation.

O shun th’ allurement is not hard
To minds resolved, forewarn’d and well prepared;
But wondrous difficult, when once beset,
To struggle through the straits and break th’ involving net. —Dpryden.

PICTURE easeful moments spent I see the flexuous vine-coil drowse,
Among broad, shadowy branches, lifting The deep, dark mosses glimmer greenly,
Their gloss to some pure firmament And watch between close-tangled boughs
Where spheres of palid fleece are drifting; The clear-curved breaker flashing keenly.
—Edgar Faweett,

O fort can be so strong,
No fleshy breast can armed be so sound,

But will at last be won with battery long,

Or unawares at disadvantage found;
Nothing is sure that grows on earthly ground —

And who most trusts in arm of fleshy might,
And boasts in beauty’s chain not to be bound,

Doth soonest fall in disadventurous fight,

ly And yields his catiff neck to victors most despight. — Spenser.
ies. : =!
LS ae

Arbutus,

Epigea repens. Naturar Orver: Ericacee —Heath Family,

OT infrequently called Trailing Arbutus, and sometimes May-
flower, this plant is found in mountainous and hilly districts
‘in our Northern States and British America. It is a procum-

Ys, two Greek words signifying lying on the’ ground, from the
ye 5 habit of the plant. The flowers appear in spring from April
, to May. They are white, frequently with a blush of red cast over
®5 them, and are very fragrant. It has been suggested that this plant
- be adopted, under the name of Mayflower, as the floral emblem of
.® our country, corresponding to the Rose of England, the Fleur-de-lis

> of France, etc.

Simplicity.

KNOW the wildwood haunts where thou abidest,
And there, the mossy nooks where most thou hidest,

Arbutus, sweet and shy. —W. C. Richards.
RBUTUS graceful trailing, Mayflower! Anew we name thee!
Amid brown mosses vailing, A nation now we claim thee —
Thy pink-wax clusters hailing, No dastard e’er defame thee,
Thy fragrance we adore. Symbol forevermore!

—Emily T. Bennett,
WAS not born for courts or great affairs;
I pay my debts, believe, and say my prayers.

—Pope.
ARLINGS of the forest! Tinged with color faintly,
Blossoming alone, Like the morning sky,
When earth’s grief is sorest Or, more pale and saintly,
For her jewels gone — Wrapped in leaves ye lie—
Ere the last snowdrift melts, your tender buds Even as children sleep in faith’s simplicity.
have blown. —Rose Terry.
A CHARM hast thou no forest flower can boast,”
Thou little beaming herald of the spring!
How thrilled thy smile when on our rock-bound coast
The wearied pilgrims found thee blossoming! —/. \. Fenks. Vi
H

Se - oe

eer

Avethnusa,

Avethusa bulbosa. Narurar Orver: Orchidacee—Orchis Family.

It derives its name from Arethusa, a nymph of great beauty,
a who served in the suit of the goddess Diana. She attracted the
attention of the river-god Alpheus, while bathing in his river, the
Alpheius of Arcadia. He immediately fell in love with her perfections,
and she fled away abashed. To save her from his pursuit, she was
changed by Diana into a fountaim

Fear.

HE clouds dispell’d, the sky resum’d her light,
And nature stood recover’d of her fright,
But fear, the last of ills, remain’d behind,

And horror heavy sat on every mind. —Dryden.
RETHUSA arose Her steps paved with green
From her couch of snows, The downward ravine
In the Acroceraunian mountains,— Which slopes to the western gleams;
From cloud and from crag And gliding and springing,
With many a jag, She went ever singing
Shepherding her bright fountains. In murmurs as soft as sleep;
She leapt down the rocks The earth seemed to love her,
With her rainbow locks And heaven above her,
Streaming among the streams ;— As she lingered toward the deep.
—Shelly.
H* hand did quake
And tremble like a leaf of aspen green,
And troubled blood through his pale face was seen,
As it a running messenger had been. — Spenser.
H* fear was greater than his haste; HOU shalt be punish’d for thus frighting me,
For fear, though fleeter than the wind, For I am sick and capable of fears;
Believes ’tis always left behind. —Builer. | Oppress'd with wrongs, and therefore full of fears. A
ly —Shakespeare, r
fa
a a ty

Avistolachia,

Asp onie sipho. Narurar Orper: Aristolochiacee—Birthwort Family.

Y Pipe. The Avisitinchis Bonplandi, a fine plant for greenhouse cul-
ture, is a native of Patagonia, and, like some two or three others,

thrives best in the warm, moist air of the hothouse.

Prodigality.

OUR wisdom is most liberal, and knows
How fond a thing it is for discreet men
To purchase with the loss of their estate
The name of one poor virtue, liberality,
And that, too, only from the mouth of beggars!
One of your judgment would not, I am sure,

Buy all the virtues at so dear a rate. —Randolph.
UT th’ earth herself, of her owne motion, HAVE spent all the wealth
Out of her fruztfull bosome made to growe My ancestors did purchase; made others brave *
Most daintie trees, that, shooting up anon, In shape and riches, and myself a knave:

Did seeme to bow their blooming heads full lowe For tho’ my wealth rais’d some to paint their door,
For homage unto her, and like a throne did show. ’Tis shut against me, saying I am poor.

— Spenser,

HE feast is such as earth, the general mother,
Pours from her fairest bosom, when she smiles

\ In the embrace of antumn. —Shelly.
a *)

RE is a climbing shrub found in our Middle and Southern
States, generally in upland woods, frequently attaining the
height of eee feet or more. The leaves are large and

of all have the same peculiar structure; the colors are purple or a
greenish brown, some of them being beautifully spotted.

The flowers

—Wilkins.

ise

Arnica.

Arnica mollis. Narurat Orver: Composite — Aster Family.

af ROWING in the ravines of the White, Essex and other
mountains in the east, and on the Rocky mountains in the
west, the Arnica, an Alpine plant, is found. The flowers
are yellow, and are borne on stalks from one to two feet
high. When dried they form an article of commerce, being
; “ye, used to reduce inflammation in wounds and bruises. A. tinc-
ee ture is usually prepared with alcohol, or spirits of some kind; or for

er © temporary use a lotion is made by steeping them in water.

Jie! eq Leak Ohy Grief

HAT, man! ne’er pull your hat upon your brows!
Give sorrow words: the grief that does not speak,
Whispers the o’er-fraught heart, and bids it break.

— Shakespeare.
F thou wilt ease thine heart But wilt thou cure thine heart
Of love, and all its smart— Of love, and all its smart—
Then sleep! dear, sleep! Then die! dear, die!
And not a sorrow ’Tis deeper, sweeter,
Hang any tear on your eyelashes; Than on a rose bank to lie dreaming
Lie still and deep, With folded eye;
Sad soul, until the sea-wave washes And then alone, amid the beaming
The rim o’ the sun tomorrow, Of love’s stars, thou’lt meet her
In eastern sky. In eastern sky.

—Thomas Lovell Beddoes.
ALF the ills we hoard within our hearts

Are ills because we hoard them. —pyocior,
N sympathy, then, I give thee a hand, HO?’ dark the night, ’tis not forever;
And greet thee as thus we go, A day-beam comes, in mercy given—
And pledge a renewal in that bright land Before its ray the storm-clouds sever,
Where pleasures perennial grow. The wandering soul hath rest in heaven.
—Fane E. Locke. —Fames S, Aylward,
26

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Asclepias,

Asclepias cornuti. Naturat Orper: Asclepiadacee— Milkweed Family.

"ROM a hoary antiquity has descended the name Aésculapius,
represented as an aged man with a heavy beard, leanjng
upon his jointed cane, and his head adorned with a crown
of laurel. He was the god of medicine, and by his wisdom
and skill improved the art of healing very much. It was
also believed of him that, while physician to the Argonauts,
he had the power of calling the dead to life again. At last
3 Pluto, the god of the lower world, jealous and provoked, complained
that he was losing his subjects, and persuaded Jupiter to kill him, |
‘9 Which he did with a thunderbolt. He was afterward worshiped as
a god in many cities of Greece and at Rome, because he had once
delivered that city from pestilence. This plant takes its name from
him, and is the common inhabitant of our roadsides, known to school
children as milkweed.

Ganguer Your Jroug.

HEN crush, e’en in the hour of birth, UIT, quit for shame! this will not move,
The infant buds of love, This cannot take her;
And tread the growing fire to earth If of herself she will not love,

Ere ’tis dark in clouds above. —Walleck. Nothing can make her. —si John Suckling.

SLIPP’RY state
Of human pleasures, fleet and volatile,
Given us and snatch’d again in one short moment,
To mortify our hopes, and edge our suff’rings.

—Trapp.
OVE is a sickness full of woes, PRAY you do not fall in love with me,
All remedies refusing; For I am falser than vows made in wine.
A plant that most with cutting grows, Besides, I like you not. —Shakespeare.

Most barren with best using.
Why so?
More we enjoy it, more it dies;

ND let the aspiring youth beware of love,
Of the smooth glance beware; for ’tis too late,

TE not enjoyed, it sighing; eries When on his heart the torrent-softness pours.

Heigh-ho! —Samuel Daniel. —Thompson.

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Ash.

Sraxinus Amertana. Narurat Orver: Oleacee— Olive Family.

Y EAUTIFUL is the ash, one of the most dignified denizens of
the forest, rising to a height of from thirty to forty feet with-
out branching, and then crowning itself with large, dense and
handsome foliage to an extent fully equal to the growth of

ZZ = its stately trunk. It delights in moist locations, as the banks
GP
SEBS of rivers and marshes, and does not thrive well in barren or

bleak situations. Its timber is elastic, light, tough and durable,
~ and is much used by car-builders, carriage-makers, wheelwrights and
ship-builders, as well as in the manufacture of agricultural implements.

Grandeur.

ITH goddess-like demeanor forth she went —
Not unattended, for on her as a queen

oO A pomp of winning graces waited still,
Y And from about her shot darts of desire
Into all eyes to wish her still in sight.
—Milton.
HAT is grandeur? Not the sheen ARK her majestic fabric! She’s a temple
Of silken robes; no, nor the mien Sacred by birth, and built by hands divine;
And haughty eye Her soul’s the deity that lodges there;
Of old nobility— Nor is the pile unworthy of the god. —Dryden.
The foolish that is not, but has been.
The noblest trophies of mankind HAT winning graces, what majestic mien!
Are the conquests of the mind. She moves a goddess, and she looks a queen.
—Sir A. Hunt. —Pope.

WAS born with greatness;
I’ve honors, titles, power, here within:

All vain external greatness I contemn.

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AD:

—Crown.
KNOW an ash Thence come the dews
Named Ygg-drasill; That wet the dales.
A stately tree, It stands aye green
With white dust strewed. O’er Urda’s well.
P 3 —FHtenderson's Iceland,
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Asparagus,

Asparagus officinalis, Narurat Orver: Liliacee— Lily Family.

Asparagus as they find it in their markets, tied in bundles of
straight stalks without the least appearance of foliage. There
the stalks are almost white, as gardeners cut the stems deep
i in the soil. Those having their own gardens cut them after
Yite ‘they are four or five inches above the ground, when they are
4 ap green, sweet, and quite brittle. The soil should be very rich for its

growth. It is one of the oldest of table plants, having been a favorite
“, from the time of the ancient Greeks; and grows about four feet high
a” into a large herbaceous bush, with leaves like so many green bristles.
’ A mass at a distance looks as if the fairies had disrobed and left their
green illusion garments behind. The flowers are small; the berries, in

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° autumn, are a brilliant scarlet.

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mutation,
N poet’s lore, and sentimental story,
It seems as ’t were this life’s supremest aim
For heroes to achieve what men call glory,
And die intoxicate with earth’s acclaim.
Ah me! how little care the dead for breath
Of vain applause that saved them not from death.
—Mackellar,
ET, press on! AN was mark’d
For it shall make you mighty among men; A friend, in his creation, to himself,
And, from the eyrie of your eagle thought, And may, with fit ambition, conceive
Ye shall look down on monarchs. O, press on! ‘The greatest blessings, and the brightest honors
For the high ones and powerful shall come Appointed for him, if he can achieve them
To do you reverence; and the beautiful The right and noble way. —Massinver:
Will know the purer language of your soul,
And read it like a talisman of love. HO never felt the impatient throb,
Press on! for it is godlike.to unloose The longing of a heart that pants
The spirit and forget yourself in thought. And reaches after distant good.
\ —Byron. —Cowper. }
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Aspen,

Populus tremuloides. Naturat Orver: Salicacee—Willow Family.

mp yyy

ELEBRATED in ancient lore was Pheton, one of the sons
of Pheebus Apollo. Epaphus, a reputed son of Zeus and Io,
denied that Phzton was the son of Apollo, whereupon he,
acting upon the advice of Clymene, his mother, went to the
“palace of the sun to test his paternity.” Phoebus acknowl-
edged him as his son, taking oath that anything he should
as proof should be granted. Phaeton, probably desiring to
excite the envy of Epaphus and to pass in glory before his jealous gaze,
asked to drive his father’s chariot of the sun for one day. Apollo, dis-
mayed, but mindful of his inviolable oath, granted the request. Pheton
ascended with joy, but his steeds ran away, and threatened to set fire

fell into the river Po. His three sisters mourned him incessantly, and
were at last changed into poplars by the pity of the gods, and their tears into
amber. The Aspen is a species of poplar, whose leaves are attached to the
branches by long, slender petioles or leaf-stems, which keep them tremulous with
the slightest breeze.

kirtessiug Sensibitity.

HY tremblest thou, Aspen? no storm threatens nigh;
Not a cloud mars the peace of the love-beaming sky;
Tis the spring of thy being —no autumn is near
Thy green boughs to wither, thy sweet leaves to sear!
The sun, like a crown, o’er thy young head shines free,

Then wherefore thus troubled? what fear’st thou, fair tree?
—Charles Swain,

1 ane ais frail thing — but made OSES bloom, and then they wither;
For spring sunshine, or summer shade. Cheeks are bright, then fade and die;
A slender flower, unmeet to bear Shapes of light are wafted hither,
One April shower —so slight, so fair. Then, like visions, hurry by.
—Miss Landon, —Percival,
Emer s hearts — touch them but lightly — pour
A thousand melodies unheard before! —Rogers.

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Asphadtel,

Asphodelus luteus. Naturar Orver: Liliacee—Lily Family.

ERY fine among the family of lilies is the Asphodel, a gar-
le den plant from the island of Sicily. It is very easily culti-

vated, and multiplies rapidly. The stem is nearly three feet
Yi high, and adorned with hollow, three-cornered leaves. The
Ye b flowers, which are yellow, bloom closely along the stalk, almost
= covering its whole length. There is also a white variety, a native
% of Europe. The name is from the Greek, and means not to be
3 equaled. They planted it beside the tombs, and fancied that beyond
~ the Acheron the deceased roamed through fields of Asphodel, quafi-
ing the waters of Lethe.

Remembered Beyond the Gob.

HE dead! the much-loved dead!
Who doth not yearn to know
The secret of their dwelling-place,
And to what land they go?
What heart but asks, with ceaseless tone,
For some sure knowledge of cts own?

—Mary E. Lee.
HEN the summer moon is shining N my left hand I held a shell,
Soft and fair, All rosy-lipped and pearly red;
Friends she loved in tears are twining I laid it by his lowly bed,
Chaplets there. For he did love so passing well
Rest in peace, thou gentle spirit, The grand songs of the solemn sea. :
Throned above — Oh! shell, sing well! wild! with a will!
Souls like thine with God inherit When storms blow loud and birds be still,
Life and love! —¥ames 7. Fields. The wildest sea-song known to thee!

—Foaquin Miller.

ADE! flowers, fade! nature will have it so;
’Tis what we must in our autumn do!
And as your leaves lie quiet on the ground,
The loss alone by those that lov’d them found,
So in the grave shall we as quiet lie,

rey

Miss’d by some few that loved our company. | iF
—Waller.
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Aster.

Aster corpmbosus. Naturat Orver: Composite —Aster Family.

cost

UR native Aster grows about two feet high, and is found
frequently in dry, open woodlands in the Northern and Mid-
dle States. The'name is derived from the Greek word aster,

signifying a star, as the petals spread out like rays of light
lA: CL from the center. There are none of our native plants that
e are equal to the Chinese Asters, though the same assiduity
‘* 2 in culture would undoubtedly improve them. On the western prairies

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there are some whose colors are really handsome in their exquisite
tints, standing tall among the grass; in some places so abundant that
it would seem that a rose or purple glory had settled down over the.
fields for the birds to sing in.

Cheerlulness in Ol Age.

LIKE all ages. Dames of ancient days
Have led their children through the mirthful maze;
And the gay grandsire, skill’d in gestic lore,
Has frisk’d beneath the burden of threescore.

—Goldsmith.
H, no! I never will grow old, Wwe grieve that time has brought so soon
Though years on years roll by, The sober age of manhood on?
And silver o’er my dark brown hair, As idly should I weep at noon
And dim my laughing eye, To see the blush of morning gone.
—Sara Fane Clarke. —Bryant,

H® look’d in years, yet in his years were seen
A youthful vigor and autumnal green.

—Dryden,
M* days pass pleasantly away, My foes are impotent and shy,
My nights are blest with sweetest sleep, My friends are neither false nor cold;
I feel no symptoms of decay, And yet, of late, I often sigh,
I have no cause to mourn or weep; I'm growing old! —Yohn G. Saxe.

"THE spring, like youth, fresh blossoms doth produce,
| But autumn makes them ripe and fit for use. — sir % Denham.

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Auricnia,

Primula auvicula. Naturar Orver: Primulacee— Primrose Family.

UROPE gave birth to this flower. It is a native of the Alps,
N where its fragrant and pure blossoms are one of Nature’s

UU XUTIX “first tributes to spring. It is greatly admired as an ornament

to our gardens, and is said to bloom best when favored with a
S24, northern aspect. Its name is derived from two Latin words:
we Primula, from primus, first, because it blossoms so early in the
spring, and Auricula, from its ear-shaped leaves. The species mostly
cultivated are the Cowslip Primrose, a perennial from Great Britain,
with yellow flowers; the purple, found on the mountains of Nepaul,
Asia; the double-cupped, native of Austria; and the common Primrose
of Europe.

Painting.

LL that imagination’s power could trace,
Breath’d in the pencil’s imitative grace;
O’er all the canvas, form, and soul, and feeling,
That wondrous art infus’d with power of life;
Portray’d each pulse, each passion’s might revealing;

Sorrow and joy, life, hatred, fear and strife.
F —lrom the Spanish,

HEN first from love, in Nature’s bowers, RE yet thy pencil tries her nicer toils,
Did Painting learn her fairy skill, Or on thy palette lie the blended oils,
And cull the hues of loveliest flowers, Thy careless chalk has half achieved thy art,
To picture woman lovelier still. —agoove. And her just image makes Cleora start.

—Tickell.

E

—Rowe. Pp fy ;
caer ee ers aint, thou best of painters,
TIS in life as ’tis in painting: : ;
: ; The mistress of my heart.
Much may’ ne right, yet much be wanting. —Wm. Hay’s Trans. Anacreon (Greek).
—P rr.
2 a A
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Or youthful poets fancy when they love?

OME! the colors and the ground prepare:
Dip in the rainbow, trick her off in air;
Choose a firm cloud before it fall, and in it

Catch, ere she change, the Cynthia of this minute.
—Pope.

she not more than painting can express, OME, thou best of painters
y +

Prince of the Rhodian art;

Aealea,

Azalea Indica. Narurar Orver: Lricacee— Heath Family.

: OST of the few native shrubs of this family are inhabitants
% of the Southern States, but the plants chiefly in cultivation
Ker are of Asiatic origin, and are almost innumerable in
f their varieties. In color of blossom they run through every

to prevent a straggling growth, which can be done with proper
pruning. They can be grown from seeds or from slips; the latter,
however, produce flowers much sooner than seedlings. Blooming
early in spring, they are a great acquisition for Easter decorations,
a fine plant frequently being covered from base to apex with its
elegant flowers.

Gempoerance,

it lnneoviceeiansa in every place —abroad, at home,
Thence will applause, and hence will profit come;
And health from either he in time prepares
For sickness, age, and their attendant cares.
7 —Crabbe.
E who the rules of temperance neglects,
From a good cause may produce vile effects.

2 —Tuke.
| Paco the bowl! though rich and bright UT down the cup! It is brimmed with blood,
Its rubies flash upon the sight, Crushed, throbbing, from hearts like mine!
An adder coils its depths beneath, For hope, for peace, and for love’s dear sake,
Whose lure is woe whose sting is death. Oh! pledge me not with wine!
— Street. —Foxte E. Hunt.

ince to thy rules, O temperance! that we owe
All pleasures which from health and strength can flow;
Vigor of body, purity of mind,
Unclouded reason, sentiments refined,
Unmixed, untainted joys, without remorse —

Th’ intemperate sinner’s never-failing curse.
—Mary Chandler,

34 -

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Hacchavis,

Baccharis halimifolia. Narurar Orver: Composite—Aster Family.

> HIS shrub is from six to twelve feet high, and grows usually
in alluvial soil, which is washed up from the bed of the sea
or rivers and deposited on the shore. A white dust covers
the leaves and branches, and the flower heads that bear the
seeds are furnished with long, slender hairs. The flowers
are white, with a tint of purple, and appear during the fall

months.

It has sufficient beauty to recommend it for cultivation.
The name of this shrub is derived from Bacchus, the deity of wine
and reveling, because its fragrance savors of wine. It is sometimes
called Groundsel Tree, from its resemblance to the weedy plant of
that name.

Antorreation,

. "R N what thou eat'st and drinkest seek from thence
Due nourishment, not gluttonous delight;
So thou may’st live, till, like ripe fruit, thou drop
Into thy mother’s lap, or be with ease

Gather'd, not harshly pluck’d, for death mature.
— Milton.

INE is like anger; for it makes us strong, H thou invisible spirit of wine,
Blind and impatient, and it leads us wrong; If thou hast no name to be known by, let
The strength is quickly lost, we feel the error long. Us call thee devil. —Shakespeare,
3 —Crabbe.

HALL I, to please another wine-sprung mind, HE joy which wine can give, like smoky fires,

Obscures their sight, whose fancy it inspires.

Lose all mine own? = Herbert.
George Herbert. _ Hill.

OULD every drunkard, ere he sits to dine,
Feel in his head the dizzy fumes of wine,
No more would Bacchus chain the willing soul,
But loathing horror shun the poison’d bowl.
—Merivale,
HOU sparkling bowl! thou sparkling bowl! And song and dance thy power confess,
Though lips of bards thy brim may press, I will not touch thee! for there clings
And eyes of beauty o’er thee roll, A scorpion to thy side, that stings. —Fohn Pierpont.

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Hachelor’s Dutton,

Centauria cnanugs. Narurar Orver: Composite —Aster Family.

Chiron, the fabled son of Saturn, who was cured by an
\), application of it after having been wounded in the knee by
a poisoned arrow from the bow of Hercules. Another myth-
‘ological narrative says that Chiron’s wound was incurable;
but that, having been born of immortal parents, he could not
die, and was consequently placed by the gods in the firmament as a
constellation, being called Sagittarius. The plant is a hardy annual,
and grows about two feet high. The blossoms vary much in color,

appearing singly on the ends of the branches.

Single Blesssduess.

E meets the smile of young and old, he wins the praise of all,
He is feasted at the banquet, and distinguished at the ball;
When town grows dull and sultry, he may fly to green retreats,
A welcome visitor in turn at twenty country seats;
He need not seek society, for, do whate’er he can,
Invitations and attentions will pursue the single man.

BACHELOR
May thrive, by observation, on a little;

WIFE! Oh, fetters
To man’s bless’d liberty! All this world’s prison,

A single life’s no burthen; but to draw
In yokes is chargeable, and will require
A double maintenance. —Fohn Ford.
F I am fair, ’tis for myself alone;
I do not wish to have a sweetheart near me,
Nor would I call another's heart my own,

Nor have a gallant lover to revere me:

HE ills of love, not those of fate, I fear;

—Dryden.

These I can brave, but those I cannot bear.

Heav’n the high wall about it, sin the goaler;
But th’ iron shackles weighing down our heels
Are only women. —Decksp:
For surely I would plight my faith to none, — [me;

Though many an amorous cit might jump to hear
For I have heard that lovers prove deceivers,

When once they find that maidens are believers.
—From Michael Angelo,

OVE is not in our power —

Nay, what seems strange, is not in our choice.
— Frowde,

36 yt

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Halm--MMoalunceca,

Moluceella levis. Narurar Orver: Labiate — Mint Family.

BE OLUCCA BALM, or Shell Flower, is a native of the
EX Molucca or Spice Islands, where it mingles with the odor-
Xo: iferous flowers of the clove, the citron and the lime.
i The stem is from one to two feet high, smooth, and of a

EZ. sea-green color.

3 It is an annual, often grown in the flower-
‘i garden as a curiosity, for its singular manner of infloresence.
The calyx or floral sheath is large and bell-shaped, which suggests
the appearance of a hollow shell, while dcwvn in the bottom sits
the flower itself, out of sight, the color being a yellowish-green.
The blooming time is from May to August.

You Becite my Curiosity.

H strange it is, and wide the new-world lore,
For next it treateth of our native dust!
Must dig out buried monsters, and explore
The green earth’s fruitful crust;

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Must write the story of her seething youth—
How lizards paddled in her lukewarm seas;
Must show the cones she ripened, and forsooth

Count seasons on her trees;

ETSY! art thou Eve’s true daughter?
Betsy! hast a peering eye?

Wouldst thou read as clear as water

All the honeyed terms that lie

Within that letter’s fragile folds?

Spell every word that letter holds,

And know when thy young master Harry

Or Lady Jane intends to marry?

With all the fruits of Eden blest,
Save only one, rather than leave
That one unknown, lost all the rest.

Must know her weight, and pry into her age,
Count her old beach-lines by their tidal swell:
Her sunken mountains name, her craters gauge,

Her cold volcanoes tell. —ean Ingelow.

What! not yet in the secret, Betsy?
That’s very puzzling—very! Let’s see—
The letter’s not from Lady Jane,

No, no! you need not peep again.

A lady’s hand—the envelope
Perfumed — the seal expresses “ Hope.”
The waiter waits —no longer tarry!

Go, give the letter to Lord Harry!

—Anonymous,
Eve,

—Moore.

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BHalm--Sweet,

Melissa officinalis, Narurav Orver: Labiate— Mint Family.

»E here find naturalized a very common and well-known
» garden plant, introduced from Europe, and cultivated for
lle» its virtues. The stem is erect and branching, growing
~ about two feet high, the whole plant being covered with
YF a soft down, and emitting, when touched with the hand,
the delightful fragrance of the lemon. The flowers are a
sallow white, appearing during midsummer. Melissa is from the Greek

suck at the nectaries of the blossoms. Old apiarists like to rub the
inside of the hives with its aromatic leaves, as an inducement for the

yes young swarms to remain, especially if the hives have been previously

Nad

used. i

Oharims,

WEET-POUTING lips whose color mocks the rose,
Rich, ripe, and teeming with the dew of bliss —
The flower of love’s forbidden fruit which grows

Insiduously, to tempt us with a kiss.
—R. H. Wilde’s Tasso Sonnets,

ER eyes outshine the radiant beams Her lips are more than cherries bright,
That gild the passing shower, A richer dye has grac’d them;
And glitter o’er the crystal streams, They charm the admiring gazer's sight,
And cheer each fresh’ning hour. And sweetly tempt to kiss them.
—Burns.
HOUGII gay as mirth, as curious thought sedate; ER tresses loose behind,

As elegance polite, as power elate; Play on her neck, and wanton in the wind;
Profound as reason, and as justice clear; The rising blushes which her cheeks o’erspread,
Soft as compassion, yet as truth severe. Are opening roses in a lily’s bed. —Gay.

—Savage.
HERE was a soft and pensive grace, The eyelash dark, and downcast eye;
A cast of thought upon her face, The mild expression spoke a mind

That suited well her forehead high, In duty firm, composed, resigned.

f — Scott.
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Halm—-da@ild, e

HMonarda Didyma. Natrerar Orver: Labiate— Mint Family.

MUCH coarser, and less delicate in odor, than the garden

ws

Mi varieties, is the Wild Balm, commonly called Mountain Mint,
<i and scientifically named, as above, in honor of Monardes,
a Spanish botanist of the sixteenth century, who wrote a

ys agar earn

Jw work on the medicinal virtues of the botanical productions
a OE Rot the new world. It is a tall, herbaceous plant, found in
the fields and woods, having fragrant leaves and crimson flowers

that improve under cultivation. In medicine it possesses stimulat-
ing and carminitive properties. An infusion of the leaves is known
as Oswego tea; and the flowers yield the coloring principle of
cochineal.

Osi, 3 Value Your Sympathy.

HOU’RT like a star; for when my way was cheerless and forlorn,
And all was blackness like the sky before a coming storm,
Thy beaming smile and words of love, thy heart of kindness free,
Illumed my path, then cheered my soul, and bade its sorrows flee.

AST thou no human friend E pine for kindred natures
To whom in hours like these to turn, To mingle with our own;
When thine o’erburdened soul will yearn For communings more full and high
Its bitterness to end? —AMiss MH. Rand. Than aught by mortals known.

—Mrs, Hemans,

ND when the world looked cold on him,
And blight hung on his name,
She soothed his cares with woman's love,
And bade him rise again. seen

oc hearts, my love, were form’d to be OVE’S soft sympathy imparts
The genuine twins of sympathy, That tender transport of delight
They live with one sensation; That beats in undivided hearts.

—Cartwright,
In joy or grief, but most in love,
INDNESS by secret sympathy is tied,

Like chords in unison they move,
For noble souls in nature are allied. }

And thrill with like vibration. —Moore. -—Dryden.

39

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Balm ot Gilead,

Populus candicangs. Natura Orver: Salicacee— Willow Family.

TILITY and agreeableness are combined in this handsome treé,
and it is often used, interspersed with others, to break the
monotony in foliage groups, and yield a grateful shade, for
which it is well adapted. The height averages from forty to
fifty feet, the thickness being in good proportion, with an
® ample crown of dark green leaves. The buds are resinous,
and possess strong tonic and other medicinal properties, whence they
are frequently used as a domestic medicine. Populus balsamifera is a
similar variety, found wild in swamps and other moist places, and is
called Tacamahac or Balsam Poplar, as it yields a resinous gum from
the buds in the same manner as the Balm of Gilead.

Sympathetig Heeling.

O radiant pearl which crested fortune wears,
No gem that twinkling hangs from beauty’s ears,
Not the bright stars which night’s blue arch adorn,
Nor rising sun that gilds the vernal morn,
Shines with such luster as the tear that flows

Down virtue’s manly cheek for others’ woes.
—Dr, E. Darwin.

A’ when he read, they forward lean’d, ET a single cup of water,
Drinking with thirsty hearts and ears Or a crust to feed the starving,

His brook-like songs, whose glory never wean’d E’en one word in kindness spoken,
From humble smiles and tears. Or a hand stretched to the falling

Slowly there grew a tenderer awe, Shall receive as great reward as
Sun-like, o’er faces brown and hard,
As if in him who read they felt and saw Saint or martyr at the scaffold.

Some presence of the bard. —Fames R, Lowell. —Lena I, Gifford.

Ever hero gained in battle,

ie is the secret sympathy,
The silver link, the silken tie,
Which heart to heart, and mind to mind,

—ae

iy In body and in soul can bind. —scoes,
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Halsamine,

Impatiens balsamina. Narurar Orper: Balsaminacee —Fewel-Weed Family.

«S ADY-SLIPPER, or the ordinary Balsam, is familiar to all as

)

es

a product of our gardens. It is a native of the East Indies,
and is worthy of notice. Within the last few years the
a , double varieties have been grown as pot-plants, in which
state they require very rich soil, and to have the tip of
“the main branch pinched off, when it will throw out side
branches and form larger plants. They appear in every variety of
color, and the fancy ones are streaked or mottled, many of them
being nearly as double as the blossoms of that beautiful shrub the
camelia japonica. The seed-pods burst when slightly pressed, from
which circumstance they receive their Latin name, Jmpatiens, nol’ me
tangere (impatient, touch me not).

Ampatience,

HAT! canst thou not forbear.me half an hour?
Then get thee gone, and dig my grave thyself,
And bid the merry bells ring to thine ear
That thou art crown’d—not that I am dead.

— Shakespeare.
WRETCHED soul, bruised with adversity, REACH patience to the sea, when jarring winds
We bid be quiet, when we hear it cry; Throw up her swelling billows to the sky!
But were we burdened with like weight of pain, And if your reasons mitigate her fury,
As much, or more, we should ourselves complain. My soul will be as calm. — Smith.
— Shakespeare.
O, then, my song, speed swiftly to her; Out of the depths of the soul comes sorrow;
Sing to her, plead with her late and long; But, out of the depths of these days that cease,
Hover around her, and gently woo her; May come, like light ‘round the feet of the morrow,
Perhaps she will hear thee some day, O Song! _—Love’s soft glory, our love’s calm peace.

- Barton Grey.
H! how impatience gains upon the soul,
When the long-promised hour of joy draws near!
\ How slow the tardy moments seem to roll! —Mrs, Tighe. /

eieme 2 a i a
. Chaos.

Laren ae

sre
Sh

“Kf

Bavtonia-Golden.

Mientzelia Lindlevi. Naturar Orver: Loasacee—Loasa Family.

California, with an oval, lance-shaped leaf, indented similar
to the thistle; the stems are procumbent and often a yard
in length. The flowers, which much resemble a poppy, are
of a most brilliant yellow, deepening toward the center into

the true orange shade, and measuring from two to three
inches in diameter. Within the center the numerous thread-like stamens
spread themselves out over the petals, like a delicate fringe. The seeds
should be sown where the plants are to grow, as they are transplanted
with difficulty.

Does He Possess Riches?

AD I but pearls of price—did golden pills
Of hoarded wealth swell in my treasury,
Easy I’d win the fawning flatterer’s smile

And bend the sturdiest stoic’s iron knee.
—A, A. Locke.

HINK’ST thou the man whose mansions hold KNEW I the spell of gold,

The worldling’s pride, the miser's gold, I would never poison a fresh young heart
Obtains a richer prize With the taint of customs old;

Than he who in his cot, at rest, I would bind no wreath to my forehead free,

Finds heavenly peace a willing guest, In whose shadows a thought might die,

And bears the earnest in his breast Nor drink, from the cup of revelry,

Of treasure in the skies? —yyys, Sigourney. The ruin my gold would buy. — Willis,

MIGHTY pain to love it is,
And '’tis a pain that pain to miss;

ADAM, I own ’tis not your person

My stomach’s set so sharp and fierce on;
But, of all pains, the greatest pain But ’tis your better part, your riches,
It is to love but love in vain. That my enamor’d. heart bewitches!
Virtue now, nor noble blood, ~ Butler.

Nor wit
ar oil; by love 38 sunMerstaads MASK of gold hides all deformities;

Gold is heaven's physic, life’s restorative.
—Decker,

Gold alone does passion move;
Gold monopolizes love —Cowley.

ae)
D>

AD

“sy oA Oo.
Hasrtl--Sweet,
Ocunum bvasiliomn. Narurar Orver: Labiate — Mint Family.

WEET BASIL, or Royal Ocimum, is a very aromatic herb
from Persia, where it is much planted in graveyards. It is also
indigenous to the East Indies, where its seeds are considered an
antidote to the poison of serpents. It is an annual, about a foot
Sy, high, with a soft, oval leaf, various in color, which possesses a

Vee very agreeable fragrance. The flowers, which are nearly white,
appear during the summer. French cooks are very partial to this
herb in flavoring their various dishes, and for this purpose it is
extensively grown in the vegetable gardens of Europe, as well as in
America. Apparently from confounding the word with basiliscus, a
basilisk, or possibly because of its use as an antidote, whence it may
have come to represent a serpent hater, it has been taken as 2
symbol for hatred, but the following is the proper language.

Good Wishes.

OFT be the sleep of their pleasant hours,

And calm be the seas they roam!
May the way they travel be strewed with flowers,

Till it bring them safely home! —Oliver Twiss.
O wish thee fairer is no need, O may’st thou live, dear! many years,
More prudent, or more sprightly, In all the bliss that life endears,
Or more ingenious, or more freed Not without smiles, nor yet from tears,
From temper flaws unsightly. Too strictly kept. —Thomas Hood,
What favor then not yet possess’d
Can I for thee require, F, then, a fervent wish for thee
In wedded love already blest The gracious heavens will heed from me,
To thy whole heart's desire? — Comper. What should, dear heart, its burden be?

—F. G. Whittier.

ND what am I to you? A steady hand
To hold, a steadfast heart to trust withal;
Merely a man that loves you, and will stand

y By you, whate’er befall. —Fean Ingelow.
KG 43

Ne spel

aor
Caeune eS

or of P—ee (cme sat

Haybhervry,

Morica cevifera. Narurar Orper: Myricacee— Sweet Gale Family.

AYBERRY, a useful shrub, varying in height from two to
eight feet, and flowering in April or May, is found in dry
forests from Nova Scotia to Florida. It has a grayish bark
and branching top, and its fruit consists of a globular stone,
covered with white wax, which is separated by heat, usually
boiling water. This product constitutes the Bayberry tallow
of commerce, sometimes called myrtle wax. A bushel of berries
yields about four pounds of wax. The botanical name comes from the

I: ig Greek muro, to flow, because the stamens contract on the slightest touch,

and are thence conceived to be easily irritated, even to tears.

& Respect thy Gears.

E temperate in grief! I would not hide
The starting tear-drop with a stoic’s pride,
I would not bid the o’erburthen’d heart be still,
And outrage nature with contempt of ill.
Weep! but not loudly! He whose stony eyes
Ne’er melt in tears, is hated in the skies.

— Euphorion.
HE rose is fairest when ’tis budding new, WO other precious drops that ready stood,
And hope is brightest when it dawns from fears; Each in their crystal sluice, he, ere they fell,

The rose is sweetest wash’d with morning dew, Kiss’d, as the gracious signs of sweet remorse
And love is loveliest when embalmed in tears. And pious awe, that fear’d to have offended.

— Scott. — Milton.
ET me wipe off this honorable dew Cs chase that starting tear away,
That silverly doth progress on my cheeks, Ere mine to meet it springs. — afore.
— Shakespeare.

ITH a shriek heart-wounding loud she cried, Fine not thy tears! weep boldly, and be proud
While down her cheeks the gushing torrents ran, To give the flowing virtue manly way:

f Fast falling on her hands. —Rowe, Tis nature’s mark, to know an honest heart. ii
-- Hill.

—Ai Laver

Heech,

Sagus sylvatica. Narurar Orver: Cupulifere—Oak Family.

» been the tributes paid to this noble tree.
on dant in the forests of the Eastern States, and not unfrequently
a found throughout all sections of the United States, as well as
02 in Europe. It grows straight and tall, rising sometimes to
Wicsaes FE tne height of one hundred feet on the banks of the Ohio,
i tsi with a trunk nine feet in circumference. It has a gray, unbroken bark

PG

It is lofty and abun-

and long, sweeping branches, but not so pendulous as those of the elm,
and is scarcely equaled by any other tree in the shade it affords.
Be Cattle are fond of its leaves in spring, when they are very tender, with
a slight acid flavor. The nuts are partially triangular, and, though
troublesome to eat, are sweet and nutritious. A valuable oil, but little
ost inferior, it is said, to the olive, can be extracted from them.

Jiovers’ Gryst.

KNOW a walk where beeches grow —
Where feathered songsters fill the air
With music sweet, and flowers blow
Blooming and fair.
And there I’ve oft with pleasure wooed
The muses nine in solitude. — Fred, W. Webber.

IX: nay, at six in any case © HE starts, for she doth hear
He could not come! ’tis evening chime, My loving footstep near;

And if I reach the trysting place She turns to bid me stay,

Whole hours before the trysting time, With cheeks that burn for joy,
Tis not with any hope to see ~ With looks half kind, half coy —

Unseemly soon my love appear; This is her heart’s sweet way!
He is no idle maid like me; So am I nothing loath,

He has high things to do and bear. But answer oath for oath,
And not for worlds would I that he And linger lovingly

For love should weakly eager be. In silken chains—ma mie/

—Mrs, Eliza S/ Randolph. — Edward Renaud,

i - 45 eo

+
My
dl

Heqgonia,

Degonia Mscolor. Narurat Orper: Begoniacee— Begonia Family.

0 EGONIAS were so named by the French Botanist, Plumier,
in honor of Michael Begon, a governor of Santo Domingo,
and a patron of science. They are natives of Jamaica, Brazil,
} the East and West Indies, and other tropical countries. The

SIVA Ele large-leaved varieties have been vulgarly called Elephant’s
Wea Ears, which they may perhaps resemble ia shape, but the
Elps 2 exquisite beauty of their coloring eliminates from the mind every

“ugly and unpleasant synonym. Some of them are a dark green with
a band of silver, or groupings of silver blotches; or again entirely bronze,
according to the individual plant. This species is grown chiefly for its
foliage; the flowers are mostly white or faintly tinted, blooming on
short stems. There are several kinds, however, with small waxy
leaves that make a splendid appearance when in bloom, being hand-
Whe some in color and of fine texture. The stems of the large foliage
variety are very much distorted.

Vv
+
Detormity.

HE did corrupt frail nature with some bribe EFORMITY is daring;

To shrink mine arm up like 4 wither’d shrub, It is its essence to o’ertake mankind
To make an envious mountain on my back, By heart and soul, and make itself the equal —
Where sits deformity to make my body; Ay, the superior of the rest. There is
To shape my legs of an unequal size; A spur in its halt movements, to become
To disproportion me in every part All that others cannot, in such things
Like to a chaos. —Shakespeare. As are still free for both. -- Byron.

M I to blame if nature threw my body And as from chaos, huddled and detorm’d,
4% In so perverse a mold? yet when she cast The gods struck fire, and lighted up the lamps
Her envious hand upon my supple joints, That beautify the sky; so she intorm’d
Unable to resist, and rumpled them This ill-shap’d body with a daring soul,
On heaps in their dark lodging; to revenge And, making me less than man, she made me more.
Her bungled work, she stamped my mind more fair, — hee. (

hela cs a

Campanula rotundifolia. Narurat Orver: Campanulacee—Bellwort Family.

Toe

Helltlower,

4

gO)
uP ‘

~ accordingly found in great abundance in the New England
States and the Dominion of Canada. The family of the
Campanulas is quite extensive, numbering about five hundred
species. The flowers, though simple, are various in colors, and are
worthy of attention. In this species they are blue, which is the pre-
vailing tint, though others run through different shades of purple, from
violet to lilac, and white. The Campanula pyramidalis is the hand-
somest and most stately, growing from three to five feet, blooming the
second year from the seed, and producing blossoms by the hundred

A Gaustant Heart.

HEN come the wild weather, come sleet or come snow,
We will stand by each other however it blow.
Oppression and sickness, and sorrow, and pain,
Shall be to our true love as links to the chain.

— Longfellow.
O keep one sacred flame With such refined excess,
Through life unchilled, unmoved, That tho’ the heart would break with more,
To love in wintry age It could not live with less:
The same that first in youth we lov’d, This is love — faithful love;
To ieel that we adore Such as saints might feel above. mie

HEN all things have their trial, you shall find

Nothing is constant but a virtuous mind. — shirtey.

OVE, constant love! OULD genius sink in dull decay,

~ Age cannot quench it —like the primal ray And wisdom cease to lend her ray:
From the vast fountain that supplies the day, Should all that I have worshiped change,

Far, far above Even this could not my heart estrange;
Our cloud-encircled region, it will flow Thou still wouldst be the first—the first
.\s pure and as eternal in its glow. That taught the love sad tears have nursed.
— Park Benjamin. — Mrs. Embury. ‘i

47 = :

wAI—e1D

Hevbervy,

Berberis vulgaris. Narurar Orver: Berberidacee—Berberry Family.

shrub is very generally known. The leaves are a dark green,
with serrated edges, each notch being bristly. The flowers
are yellow, hanging in small clusters. The fruit is brilliant
and attractive, of a bright scarlet in color, oblong in shape,

ee. than anything else. The leaves, as well as fruit, have a sharp acid
»@) taste, the latter being frequently used for making jelly, while from the

A Sour Disposition,

HOSE hearts that start at once into a blaze,
And open all their rage, like summer storms

At once discharged, grow cool again and calm.
—C. Fohnson.

IE! wrangling queen! HE ocean lash’d to fury loud,
Whom everything becomes — to chide, to laugh, Its high wave mingling with the cloud,
To weep. Whose every passion fully strives Is peaceful, sweet serenity,
To make itself in thee, fair and admired. To anger’s dark and stormy sea.
—Shakespeare. —I. W. Eastburn.

HEN anger rushes, unrestrain’d, to action,
Like a hot steed, it stumbles in its way:
The man of thought strikes deepest, and strikes safest.

—Savage.
Y rage is not malicious; like a spark LL furious as a favor'd child
Of fire by steel enforc’d out of flint, Balk’d of its wish; or, fiercer still,
It is no sooner kindled, but extinct. A woman piqued, who has her will.
—Goffe. —Byron.

HE is peevish, sullen, froward,
Proud, disobedient, stubborn, lacking duty;
Neither regarding that she is my child,

Nor fearing me as if I were her father.
— Shakespeare.

48 a:

——_ NN

. ae
\

c/ ,

SS —w™

Petula lenta. Narurar Orver: Betulacee —Birch Family.

a)

i’ NOWN as the black, cherry or sweet Birch, and sometimes
~ called mountain mahogany from the hardness of its wood, this
valuable tree abounds in the United States from New England
to Ohio, and often reaches a height of seventy, and a diameter

@ of three, feet. Children are very fond of the inner bark of this

TD, NIV

tree in springtime, when it has an aromatic fragrance and
7 Pleasant flavor. It is from the Paper Birch that the Indians obtain
the bark for their light and buoyant canoes, in which they glide in
safety through the most dangerous waters. The Yellow or Silver
Birch is the artist’s tree par excellence. Its beautiful outer bark, like
satin in luster, peels from around the trunk and branches, and hangs
ae in the most fantastic rolls and curls, resting on an undertone of warm
and tender brown, making it one of the choicest and most illuminat-

ing trees in a woodland sketch, and one that always delights a painter’s heart.

Bileqancg.

OR faultless was her form as beauty’s queen,
And every winning grace that love demands,
With mild attemper’d dignity was seen

Play o’er each lovely limb, and deck her angel mien.

—Mrs. Tighe.
ER face so fair, as flesh it seeméd not, HE silk star-broidered coverlid
But heavenly portrait of bright angels’ hue, Unto her limbs itself doth mold,
Clear as the sky, withouten blame or blot, Languidly ever; and, amid
Through goodly mixture of complexion’s dew. Her full black ringlets, downward rolled,

— Spenser. Glows forth each softly-shadowed arm,

With bracelets of the diamond bright.

RACEFUL to sight, and elegant to thought, ;
Her constant beauty doth inform

The great are vanquish’d, and the wise are taught. : : Gea
, Feat Stillness with love, and day with light.

— Tennyson. !
E 49

Ks ea
Saal

Dlackh Hoarhound.

Ballota nigra. Natura Orver: Labiate— Mint Family.

He ERE is an unattractive foreign plant supposed to have been
introduced into this country through the commerce of the
nations, as many of our now obnoxious weeds have found
their way, concealed in various grains imported for seed.
ay It is now frequently found naturalized in the fields and by
. the waysides. The stem is from two to three feet high,
: Ie? having broad, opposite leaves covered with a soft down. It derives
oe t}Yyo its name from the Greek word allo, to throw, or reject, on account
St @ of its offensive odor. It blooms in July, the flowers being either
G9 purple or white, and of little beauty.

4G Reject You.

s
AKE my esteem, if you on that can live;
But frankly, sir, ’tis all I have to give.

-—Dryden.
E came too late! Her countless dreams HERE is another sweet as my sweet,
Of hope had long since flown. Fine of the fine, and shy of the shy?
No. charms dwelt in his chosen themes, Fine little hands, fine little feet —
Nor in his whisper’d tone; Dewy blue eye.
And when with word and smile he tried Shall I write to her? shall I go?
Affection still to prove, Ask her to marry me by-and-by?
She nerved her heart with woman’s pride, « Somebody said that she’d say no.
And spurn’d his fickle love. —Z£yizabeth Bogart. = LM SON:
|* you oblige me suddenly to choose,
My choice is made—and I must you refuse.
—Dryden.
losers a lovely tree HAVE heard —
She grew to womanhood, and between whiles But you shall promise ne’er again
Rejected several suitors. — Byron, To breathe your vows or speak -your pain.
—Prior,

O I not in plainest truth

Tell you—I do not, nor I cannot love you?

\ —Shakespeare. ! i
a : iy

“Pn ai ig
se “Sy

|—DHladdernnt.

Staphplea trifolia. Narurat Orver: Sapindacee —Soapberry Family,

yy of the United States, are the bladder-like capsules or pods,
41 from which it derives its name, and in which are contained the
i’ seeds or nuts. These are hard, bony, smooth and polished.
The flowers, which bloom in May, are white and hang in
“short, pendulous clusters, somewhat like bunches of grapes,
whence the scientific Greek name, Staphylea. It grows to the
height of six, eight, or even ten feet, chiefly in low lands, in moist
woods, amongst the underbrush. The wood is firm and white, and
well adapted for cabinet work.

ZA Orifling Character.

2 H! there are some
Can trifle, in cold vanity, with all
The warm soul’s precious throbs; to whom it is
A triumph} that a fond, devoted heart
Is breaking for them; who can bear to call

Young flowers into beauty, and then crush them.
—Letitia E, Landon.

ROUND him some mysterious circle thrown OU oftentimes can mark upon the street
Repell’d approach and show’d him still alone; The gilded toy whom fashion idolizes; 7
Upon his eye sat something of reproof, Heartless and fickle, swelled with self-conceit,
That kept at least frivolity aloof. --Byron. Avoiding alway what good sense advises.
=.
E was perfumed like a milliner; HE joy that yain amusement gives,
And twixt his finger and his thumb he held O, sad conclusions that it brings,
A pouncet-box, which, ever and anon The honey of a crowded hive,
He gave his nose — Defended by a thousand stings.
And still he smiled and talked; ’Tis thus the world rewards the fools
And as the soldiers bare dead bodies by, That live upon her treacherous smiles,
He called them “ untaught knaves unmannerly, She leads them blindfold by her rules,
To bring a slovenly, unhandsome corse And ruins all whom she beguiles.
Betwixt the wind and his nobility.” —sratespeare. — Cowper.

Bea a! agg

Hovage,

Borago officinalis, Narurar Orver: Boraginacee—Borage Family.

PRE IAT

4-"NGLAND and the rest of Europe as well as America now

own this plant in a naturalized state, though it is generally
: =" believed to have been originally indigenous to the region of
Aleppo, in Turkey. It is cultivated in the kitchen garden
for its young leaves, which are considered excellent for salads,
pickles and pot-herbs. It is an annual, about two feet high,
with oval leaves growing alternately on each side of the stem, the
whole plant being rough and covered with hairs. It is also grown as
an ornamental plant in the flower garden. The flowers are a pale
blue, appearing in spring on the ends of the branches. The plants of
this whole family abound in mucilaginous juices containing much niter,
and are said never to possess any poisonous or harmful quality.

Abruptness.

HE reed in storms may bow and quiver, UDDENLY all the sky is hid
Then rise again; the tree must shiver. As with the shutting of a lid.
—Byron, —Fames Russel Lowell.
I do not love Although
Much ceremony; suits in love should not, The air of Paradise did fan the house,
Like suits in law, be rock’d from term to term. And angels offic’d all, I will begone.
— Shirley. -- Shakespeare.

HIS is some fellow,

Who, having been prais’d for bluntness, doth affect
A saucy roughness, and constrains the garb;
Quite from his nature! he can’t flatter, he,
An honest mind and plain—he must speak truth:
And they will take it so; if not, he s plain.
These kind of knaves I know, which in this plainness
Harbor more craft, and far corrupter ends,
Than twenty silly ducking observants,

To

\ That stretch their duty nicely. —Shakespeare, f
fas 52 ~ ** | so

I ry

io : * Ss
Haunting Hess,
Saponaria offcnalis, Narurar Orper? Caryophyllacee — Pink Family.

0 KREM I

Ziop
>=
ii

=)

N dooryards of old-fashioned country houses, and by the
roadsides throughout the country, this plant may be found

Lets

Ft

x

in abundance. The place of its nativity is Europe, but it
has long been naturalized in America. It is about two feet

wy
a

¥

high, of a succulent, herbaceous growth, and ‘nearly allied
to the bunch pinks, though much coarser. The flowers
My bloom in clusters, and are the palest possible shade faltering between
j wks pink and white. The root is perennial, and inclined to spread and
ACF become obtrusive. As one means of curtailing its obtrusiveness, its
ees. seeds, which are very fertile and abundant, should be clipped and de-
ie stroyed before they ripen. The bruised stalks make a lather in water,
Pe which quality gives it the name of Soapwort in our vernacular, as well

+4 .as its scientific appellation Saponaria, from the Latin sapo, soap.

V5

Antrision.
SUDDEN rush from the stairway, They climb up into my turret,
A sudden raid from the hall, Over the arms and back of my chair;
By three doors left unguarded, If I try to escape, they surround me;
They enter my castle wall. They seem to be everywhere.
—Longfellow,
had much rather see
A crested dragon, or a basilisk;
Both are less poison to my eyes and nature.
—Dryden.
UT the sound grew into word OVE knoweth every form of air,
As the speakers drew more near — And every shape of earth,
Sweet, forgive me that I heard And comes unbidden everywhere,
‘What you wished me not to hear. Like thought’s mysterious birth.
Elizabeth Barrett Browning. —N, P. Willis.

LADY! In the narrow space
Between the husband and the wife,
But nearest him.—she showed a face

With dangers rife. —Fean Ingelow,

xs

a ew iv

Hox,

Duxus sempervirens. Narurar Orver: Euphorbiacee— Spurge Family.

ays
NGRAVERS on wood are much indebted to this tree for the
blocks they use to work on, which, after having been sawed
="and made perfectly smooth, receive a slight coating of some
white substance, usually white lead or Chinese white, to
render the drawing more conspicuous. The artist’s work is
done in pencil or India ink. The engraver then follows with
delicate touch the lines before him, and cuts the picture into the wood
beneath. The botanical name of this shrub comes from the Latin.
The word Buxus, box, is itself derived from the Greek pu«os, pyx, or
small box, and sempervirens is from the two Latin words semper,
always, and vzrens, present participle of the verb were, to be green.
There are several varieties of this genus which are natives of Europe.
The species known scientifically as the Buxus Nana, or Dwarf Box,
is much used as a bordering for walks both here and abroad.

Stoitism.
N his dark face a scorching clime The full-drawn lip that upward curl’d,
And toil, had done the work of time, The eye that seem’d to scorn the world.
Roughen’d the brow, the temples bared, That lip had terror never blench’d;
And sable hairs with silver shared, Ne’er in that eye had tear-drop quench’d
Yet left—-what age alone could tame— The flash severe of swarthy glow,
The lip of pride, the eye of flame; That mock’d at pain and knew not woe.

—Sir Walter Scott.

OR box, nor limes, without their use are made,

‘a Smooth-grain’d and proper for the turner’s trade;
Which curious hands may carve, and seal
With ease invade. — Virgil.
HE rolling wheel, that runneth often ’round, Yet cannot I, with many a dropping tear,
The hardest steel in tract of time doth tear; And long entreaty, soften her hard heart,
And drizzling drops, that often do redound, That she will once vouchsafe my plaint to hear
Firmest flint doth in continuance wear: Or look with pity on my painful smart. i
— Spenser,
eB

ae a eas

Q } . 4 . .
OAS [So= a green when combined with woad. The color is obtained from
op Zc any part of the plant.
4 ISS 6
CY a}
Woe SA
ae
2
+ .
Humility.
UMBLE we must be, if to Heaven we go;
High is the roof there, but the gate is low;
Whene’er thou speak’st, look with lowly eye ~
Grace is increased by humility, —Robert Herrick.
HE cedar’s shade like a cloud may lie Appear to press the lowly,
Athwart the lily’s brightness — Yet never may the shadow stay
Yet why complain? it leaves no stain Where Faith, like blossom holy,
To mar the blossom’s whiteness; Keeps white the heart; to such there will be given
And darkly thus may pride and power A blest assurance of the love of Heaven.
. —Mrs. Hale,
UMILITY is the eldest-born of virtue, AM content to touch the brink
And claims the birthright at the throne of Of the other goblet, and I think
heav’n. —Murphy. My bitter drink a wholesome drink,
Because my portion was assigned
; ‘
EAVEN S gates are not so highly arched Wholesome and bitter. Thou art kind,
1 ’ .
As princes’ palaces; they that enter there And I am blesséd to my mind.
' Must go upon their knees. —ohn Webster. —Elizabeth Barrett Browning. |
fs 55 aN

Dvoaam.

@enista tinctoria. Narurat Orper: Leguminosa — Pulse Family.

HIS is a perennial shrubby plant, about a foot high, bearing
bright yellow flowers in the axils of the leaves or branches,
blooming singly, and on short stems, in May and June.
Cowper speaks of its blossoms as “yellow and bright as
bullion unalloyed,” and Mary Howitt says:

“But ne’er was flower so fair as this,

In modern days or olden;
It groweth on its nodding stem

Like to a garden golden.”

It is a native of Europe, but is found naturalized in some parts of
the United States, and is useful to the dyer in forming a yellow dye,

Hraom Warn,

i Sorghum vulgare. NATURAL ORDER: Graminee—Grass Family.
Ave

Se) ARIOUS parts of the United States are favorable to the culti-
c vation of this corn, which is manufactured into brooms, con-
© stituting a special industry of most of the Shaker communities,
sO besides many private persons. It looks very much like the
y Tf Indian corn as regards its leaves and height. When the panicle

is sufficiently mature, the stalk is bent down at the top until ripe
= enough to cut. It is a native of the East Indies, and has been chosen
a as an emblem of labor. The Sorghum saccharatum, or Chinese sugar

- cane, is supposed to be another variety, which yields a saccharine juice,

(x6 F whence its name; but even this, it is said, does not give a product
equal to the crystallized syrup of the East India species of the same

Je2 Character.

BND) .
aN X-
Jiahor.
ABOR is health. Lo! the husbandman reaping,
How through his veins goes the life current leaping!
How his strong arm in its stalwart pride sweeping,
True as a sunbeam the swift sickle guides. —Mrs. Osgood.
IVE me the fair one, in country or city, AN hath his daily work of body or mind
Whose home and its duties are dear to the heart, Appointed, which declare his dignity ;
Who cheerfully warbles some rustical ditty, While other animals inactive range,
While plying the needle with exquisite art. And of their doings God takes no account.
— Woodworth, —Milton.
eon, my fair love, our morning task we lose,
Some labor e’en the easiest life would choose;
Ours is not great, the dangling boughs to crop,
Whose too luxuriant growth our alleys stop.
—Dryden,
66 (0 till the ground,” said God to man,— HIS my mean task

“Subdue the earth, it shall be thine;”

Would be as heavy to me as odious; but
How grand, how glorious was the plan!

The mistress, which I serve, quickens what’s dead,

How wise the law divine. —Mrs, Hale. And makes my labors pleasures. —Shakespeare. © Mi
9 56 a 3

Hrawallia,

Browallia coerulea. Naturar Orper: Scrophulariacee— Figwort Family.

OM Peru and Brazil comes this delicate little annual, one
among many recent additions to our gardens. It received
its name from Linnzus in honor of his intimate friend (who
was afterward his enemy), Johan Browall, bishop of Abo,
in Sweden. It is about a foot high, and is, delicate and
graceful in appearance, being covered continually with innu-
merable flowers, which are very peculiar in shape, bearing a
fanciful resemblance to a salver with two deep indentations in the

sides. The plant is well calculated for pot culture. The varieties are
white, rose, and a purplish blue.

Gan You Bear Poverty?

Y crown is in my heart, not on my head;
Not deck’d with diamonds and Indian stones,
Nor to be seen: my crown is call’d content;

A crown it is that seldom kings enjoy.

— Shakespeare.
GRANT me, heav’n, a middle state — NFIT for greatness, I her snares defy,
Neither too humble nor too great: And look on riches with untainted eyey
More than enough for nature’s ends, To others let. the glitt’ring baubles fall;
With something left to treat my friends. Content shall place me far above them all.
—Maltet. —Churchill,

2 aa the life that in a peaceful stream,

Obscure, unnoticed, through the vale has flow’d;
The heart that ne’er was charm’d by fortune’s gleam
Is ever sweet contentment’s blest abode. —Percival.

ERE store of money is not wealth, but rather It may be filled with love and life and vigor,
The proof of poverty and need of bread. To guide the wearer, and to cheer the way;
Like men themselves is the bright gold they gather;

It may be corpse-like in its weight and rigor,
Tt may be living, or it may be dead.

Bending the bearer to his native clay.

Fohn Boyle O'Reilly.
B® honest poverty thy boasted wealth;

So shall thy friendships be sincere, tho’ few,
So shall thy sleep be sound, thy waking cheerful. aflaeterd. (

a) 57 oh

Hugqlass,

Anchusa officinalis, Naturat Orver: Boraginacee— Borage Family.

PeS\UR_ gardens, fields and roadsides everywhere furnish this
rough perennial plant, which produces an abundance of sweet-
scented purple flowers during the entire summer. ‘The leaves
are long and rough, from which it has received in England
the name of Ox-tongue, and the stem is covered with bristly
“hairs. The root is used in medicine, producing a gentle
moisture through the system. ‘The root of one of the species yields
the red dye that was so much used by the Athenian ladies as a rouge

when that classic city was in its prime.

Hypocrisy.

i lincceeane when needed, she could weep and pray,
And when she listed she could fawn and flatter,

Now smiling smoothly, like to summer’s day,

Now glooming sadly, so to cloak the matter;

Yet were her words but wind, and all her tears but water.

-—Spenser,

VERY man in this age has not a soul glittering volume may cover
Of crystal, for all men to read their actions

Through; men’s hearts and faces are so far asunder
That they hold no intelligence.

A story of sorrow and woe;
And night’s gayest meteors may hover

Where danger lies lurking below.
—Beaumont and Fletcher.

O smooth he daubed his life with show of virtue,
He lived from all attainder of suspect.

— Shakespeare.

ET there came a time O, friend, be warned! He is not one

Thy youth should trust, for all his smiles;
‘Frank foreheads, genial as the sun,

To my proud love’s prime,
When that proved base I had deemed sublime.
By the cool stream’s bed
My flowers hung dead,

, And the serpent, hissing, upreared its head!

May hide a thousand treacherous wiles,
And tones like music’s honeyed flow

May work—God knows!—the bitterest woe.
—Mary E. Bradley.

Paul H. Hayne. !
LS,

aN

ay spor wy

Hulxeush,

Scirpus lacustris. Narurar Orver: Cyperacee— Sedge Family.

=6OST uncommon and peculiar is the appearance of the Bulrush
X& or Clubrush, as it is occasionally called, which makes it quite
K * noticeable wherever it appears among other grasses; the
YF leaves being tubular, with various fine grooves or channels
running up and down their length. The Lake Bulrush is
“the largest of the species; growing in low lands, muddy
marshes, and on the margins of streams and ponds. In early times
it was much used in scouring tin, copper and pewter ware, but
modern arts having supplied us with much better substitutes, it now
remains unmolested. It was in some species of Bulrush or reed
found along the borders of the Nile, that the infant Moses was dis-
covered and rescued by the maids of the Egyptian princess.

Nudecision,
HE will, and she will not—she grants, denies,
Consents, retracts, advances, and then flies.
—Granville,
HREE things a wise man will not trust: HE shepherd told me all his pain;—
The wind, the sunshine of an April day, I ran and told it all again;
And woman’s plighted faith. I have beheld But Phillis gave herself such airs
The weathercock upon the steeple point It fills poor Colin’s breast with cares;
Steady from morn till eve, and I have seen And I can hardly tell, I’m sure,
The bees go forth upon an April morn, If she will grant at last a cure,—
Secure the sunshine will not end in showers: I’ve told you all, and what think you?
But when was woman true? —Southey. I won’t repeat: so tell me—do!—1¢ys. Norton.
OST fair is e’er most fickle. A fair girl
Is like a thousand beauteous things of earth,
But most like them in love of change.
—Peerbold,
Cyne: turn with every wind about; Are seen to scud against the wind:
They keep us in suspense and doubt; Is not this lady just the same? :
Yet oft perverse, like woman-kind, For who can tell what is her aim? —szifz.. '

Pex 59 an

ey 2— >

Burdock,

Lappa major. Naturar Orper: Composite— Aster Family.

Per
o

oF UDGED by the popular verdict, the Burdock is an unattractive
i weed, one of the coarsest and most obnoxious of the plants that
* infest the roadsides, barnyards and fields, yet the roots are used in
medicine as a tonic and alterative and to produce a gentle per-
spiration. The leaves are large, often nearly two feet long, with
coarse cords or veins running through them, and the entire plant *
is pervaded by a bitter, disagreeable odor and taste. It grows about
® three or four feet in height, and is pyramidal in shape. The burrs
fee ave the most disagreeable part, as each little scale that forms the
@ floral sheath is armed with a hook, by which it fastens to anything
y eS it may touch, and if ripe and dry it adheres most tenaciously. It
© is a naturalized plant from Europe, and blooms in July and August.
The flowers are a delicate pink.

Provimity Undesirable,

HERE is some soul of goodness in things evil,
Would men observingly distil it out;
For our bad neighbors make us early stirrers,
Which is both healthful and good husbandry,

—Shakespeare.

TO my chimney’s shrine Forthwith his bow he bent,

Brought him, as Love professes, And wedded string and arrow,
And chafed his hands with mine, And struck me, that it went

And dried his dripping tresses. Quite through my heart and marrow.
But when that he felt warmed; Then laughing loud, he flew

Let’s try this bow of ours, Away, and thus said, flying:
And string, if they be harmed, Adieu, mine host, adieu!

Said he, with these late showers. T'll leave thy heart a-dying.

—Anacreon,
H! charming isle in the warm, green sea!
O sirens! tempting me to wrong,
What value have your meads to me? ii

—Fames Maurice Thompson,

60 >

Key

shower.
.y Ww? +
oi Distrust.
Q in
HOU hast no truth to prove, fair Eloise;
And I say thou art false, who loved thee most;
Then spare us both these feints and artful words.
I could forgive thee if thou didst not play
The actress with me now. And now I go;
- But ere I go, I'll say I do forgive thee. —Frances A, Fuller.
HO should be trusted now, when one’s right Our doubts are traitors,
hand And make us lose the good we oft might win,
Is perjur’d to the bosom? Proteus, By fearing to attempt. — Shakespeare.

I am sorry, I must never trust thee more,
But count the world a stranger for thy sake;

The private wound is deepest. — Shakespeare. —Whittier.

Now naught but gall is there, and burning poison. — Thompson.
DOUBT! O doubt! I know my destiny; There is no certainty, “my bosom’s guest,”
I feel thee fluttering bird-like in my breast; No proving for the things whereof ve wot;
I cannot loose, but I will sing to thee, For, like the dead to sight unmanifest,
And flatter thee to rest. They are, and they are not. — Scan Ingelow. tf

Huttercup,

Ranunculus acrigs. Narurart Orver: Ranunculacea — Crowfoot Family.

NTE ie a y

oe
. to this common plant, so beautifully characterized by the
Be poet Robert Browning as “the little children’s dower.”
' The very name calls up the picture of children crouching
in the grass, and holding the golden blossoms under each
a other’s chin to see if by the reflection they love butter, feel-
ing assured that the least yellow gleam is indicative that their bread
should ‘be thickly spread with that’ golden and necessary product of
the dairy. The leaves drop from the plant easily, and frequently the
least touch will cause the petals of the flowers to fall in a golden

| ees sunniest hours are not without
The shadow of some lingering doubt.

HIS, this has thrown a serpent to my heart,
While it o’erflowed with tenderness, with joy,

With all the sweetness of exulting love;

61 oie

Qed

ate <"

*

Ep A al

Duttertly Orchis. :

Oncidium Papilio majus. Narurar Orver: Orchidacee— Orchis Family.

" expensive class of plants called Orchids, partly on account
of their curious and beautiful flowers, and partly because
of their strange manner of growth and individual appear-
ance. They are divided into two classes, terrestrial and aerial.
The aerial ones are confined chiefly to tropical climates,
some growing in damp woods, resting on trees, while others
are found on dripping rocks among mountains and near water courses.
The large Butterfly Orchis is one among the finest of that family

the form of a butterfly, from which it takes its specific name papilio,
Ns a Latin word having the same significance. In color the flower is
of a dare brown striped or barred with yellow. The large projection, called the
lip, is yellow at the center with a brown edge or margin. The flowers come
successively from the old flower-stems for years, one coming continuously to

supply the place of the faded one.

Gaiety.
HAT nothing earthly gives, or can destroy,
The soul’s calm sunshine, and the heartfelt joy.

—Pope.
i hes valley rings with mirth and joy, Have left the mother and the nest;
Among the hills the echoes play And they go rambling east and west
A never, never ending song, * In search of their own food;
To weléome in the May. Or through the glittering vapors dart,
The magpie chatters with delight; In very wantonness of heart.
The mountain raven’s youngling brood — Wordsworth.
fee weak have remedies, the wise have joys;
Superior wisdom is superior bliss. —Young.
LITTLE of thy merriment, And gladsomeness where’er I be,
Of thy sparkling light content, Though fickle fate hath prison’d me
Give me, my cheerful brook,— In some neglected nook.
That I may still be full of glee —Lowell. ; é
62 a

@acalia.,

Cacalia coccinea. Narurat Orper: Composite — Aster Family.

>» CARLET Cacalia is a native of the East Indies, where nature
revels in the most brilliant hues conceivable to the human mind,
and where flowers assume shapes more innumerable than in
this our cool and more temperate climate. Yet we must admit
»the most of them behave admirably in their adopted homes,

sometimes diminishing their stature, but always remaining objects
worthy of attention. The Cacalia blossom is shaped like a beautiful
little brush or tassel, and is sometimes called Venus’s Paint Brush, or
Tassel Flower. There are two varieties grown in our gardens, one

Avutation,

F we from wealth to poverty descend,

Want gives to know the flat’rer from the friend.
—Dryden.

HOU delightest the cold world’s gaze, And gay is the playful tone,
When crowned with the flower and the gem, As to the flattering voice thou respondest;
But thy lover’s smile should be dearer praise But what is the praise of the cold and unknown

Than the incense thou prizest from them. To the tender blame of the fondest?
—Fohn Everett,

O adulation; ’tis the death of virtue!

Who flatters is of all mankind the lowest,
Save he who courts the flatterer. —Hannah More.

AM not form’d, by flattery and praise, SPIRIT, pure and fine and true
By sighs and tears, and all the whining trade As ever dwelt in human form:
Of love, to feed a fair one’s vanity; A love as deep, as fond, as warm,

To charm at once and spoil her. As ever loving woman knew.
—Thompson. —Kate F. Hill,
63
a SN
Gel

sy 733

Cactus--Wight Blooming,

Cereus granditflorus Naturat Orver: Cactacee—Cactus Family,

i; ERE is one of a class of plants which we should more fre-

none that demand so little attention, requiring only a rough

twice a week. They endure any amount of heat, but will
S 2 . . .
2 not withstand a positive frost. The Cereus grandiflorus is a native
oetayy.of Mexico and the West Indies, where it grows to a large size, as do
it

SRE and wasting before day approaches. The flower is sometimes cut
2) when in its prime, and preserved in a large glass jar with alcohol,

Gransient Beauty.

LOWER of the night! mysteriously awake

When earth’s green tribes repose, why stealthful thus
Comest thou to meet the stars—unfolding soft,
Beneath their tranquil ray, thy peerless form?
Flower of the night! chaster than Alpine snaws—
Unvisited by aught save Heaven’s sweet breath —
Why hide thy loveliness from mortal eye,

Why pour thy fragrance to the unconscious night?

tf, d Folie,
*7TXIS not the fairness of the brow, That has a power to chain my gaze,
Nor brightness of the eye; Or hold it in control;
Nor yet the cheek whose radiant glow The beauty that I most admire
Can with carnation vie, Shines spotless from the soul.

Mrs. RL, Eldredge,
WH hung such beauty on such rugged stalk,
Thou glorious flower?
Who pour'd the richest hues

In varying radiance o’er thy ample brow? —Mrs, Sigourney.

64,

quently find in our dwellings than we do, as there are’

So when we think fate hovers o’er our heads, And troubled blood through his pale face was seen

Our apprehensions shoot beyond all bounds. —Zee, As it a running messenger had been. —spenser.

— Spenser.
MAGINATION frames events unknown AM fearful; wherefore frowns he thus?
In wild fantastic shapes of hideous ruin, Tis an aspect of terror. All’s not well.
\ And what it fears creates! —Hannah More. --Shakespeare, '
= 65 av
es ov

aa
Cactus--Suake.

Cereus flagelliformis. NatTurRAL OrvDER: Cactacee —Cactus Family.

“arid plains of South America. The stem is about half an
Winch in diameter, having ten angles, and attaining the
olength of five or six feet. It is much too frail to stand
alone, and should be supported on a trellis or tied to an
upright stick. The flowers are extremely handsome, coming
out from the clusters of spines that adorn the stem. The tube is long

number of days, when they are succeeded continuously by others for
"several weeks.

You Gerrify Qe.

FEEL my sinews slacken’d with the fright,
And a cold sweat thrills down all o’er my limbs,
As if I were dissolving into water. —Dryden.

HEN the sun sets, shadows that show’d at noon IS hand did quake
But small appear most long and terrible; And tremble like a leaf of aspen green,

EXT him was fear, all arm’d from top to toe,
Yet thought himself not safe enough thereby,
But fear’d each shadow moving to or fro,
And his own arms when glittering he did spy,
Or clashing heard, he fast away did fly;
As ashes pale of hue, and wingéd heel’d,
And evermore on danger fix’d his eye,
’Gainst whom he always bent a brazen shield,
Which his right hand unarmed fearfully did wield.

Calceolavia,

Calceolaria hpbrita. =Narurar Oxver: Scrophulariacee—Figwort Family.

New Zealand. There are two species of this plant, differing
-entirely from each other, in regard to the foliage. One is

“herbaceous, with large, oval, downy leaves, and grows about
: Pe foot and a half high; the other is a shrub with small, oval
leaves resembling those of the sage, except that they are a
purer green. The flowers are alike in shape, the herbaceous having
rather the largest. They are like a pouch or bag of velvet, sometimes
of a plain color, and again covered with dots; indeed they often remind
one of the plump body of a beautiful spider, only they have not spina-
rets and legs. The blossoms, which are superb in color, are often large
enough to hold a teaspoonful of water.

Tauetty,

F all the passions that possess mankind,
The love of novelty rules most the mind;
In search of this, from realm to realm we roam;
Our fleets come fraught with ev'ry folly home.

—Foote.

cae sighs the world for something new, HANGE is written on the tide,

For something new; On the forest’s leaty pride;
Imploring me, imploring you On the streamlet, glancing bright,

Some will-o’-wisp to help pursue. On the jewel’d crown of night;
Ah, hapless world! What will it do, All where’er the eye can rest

Imploring me, imploring you, Show it legibly imprest.

For something new? —za/ph Hoyt. —Clinch,

| HAVE lived in cities all my birth,

Where all was noise, and life, and varving scene;
‘Recurrent news which set all men agape,
New faces, and new friends, and shows and revels,
Mingling in constant action and quick change.

—Boker,
I = ns S is x

‘ Sat
Veil'd in

LL On ¥2,
ae

EAUTIFUL in name (from the Greek £al/os) and justly merit-
ing the distinction, is this lily-like plant. Its scientific name does
joint honor to the French botanist, L. C. Richard, and its sup-
{ posed original seat, Aithiopia, though its true habitat is farther
»_ south, in the region of the Cape of Good Hope, this charming,
familiar plant is only adapted to house culture in cold climates.
° It has large, arrow-shaped leaves on long leafstalks. The flower
is of a beautiful creamy white, and similar to a cornucopia in shape, or
tg our own wild-wood plant, Jack-in-the-pulpit, and blooms during winter
and spring. The plants of this order are pervaded by a volatile substance
which in some becomes poisonous. The corms and root-stalks abound
in starch, which in a few cases are rendered edible when the volatile
substance is expelled by cooking.

Hemining Beauty,

] AM come, I am come! from the purple-browed sky,
The spirit of beauty to thee;

I ride on the wings of the rose-scented air,

I sit on the lips of the violet fair,

And weave me a wreath of the sun’s golden hair,

As his tresses go glancingly by,

And glimmer the foam of the sea. —Carlos D. Stuart.

NATIVE grace Needs not the foreign aid of ornament,

fair proportion’d on her polish’d limbs, But is, when unadorn’d, adorn'd the most;

a simple robe, their best attire, Thoughtless of beautv, she was Beauty’s self,

Beyond the pomp of dress; for loveliness Recluse amid the close embowering woods.

—Thompson.

NEVER saw aught like to what thou art,
A spirit so peculiar in its mold,
With so much wildness and with vet a part

Of all the softer beauties we behold.
—Frances A. Fuller.

647 c

ged

Calycanthus.

Calpranthus floritus. NaruraL Orver: Calycanthacee—Calycanth Family.

Wy

UR Southern States, more especially the Carolinas, are the

native seats of this fragrant shrub, whence it is sometimes
called Carolina Allspice. It is generally found in fertile soils
along water courses, is of a straggling growth, and does not
attain a very great height—usually from three to four feet
“only. It is also frequently cultivated in gardens and shrub-
beries, where it has received the praise of many for the odor of its
blossoms, which have a strawberry or fruit-like fragrance. The bark
when broken also exhales a spicy perfume. The flowers are of a
dull, lurid purple, and bloom on very short stems.

Beneuolency.

BLESSED bounty, giving all content!
The only fautress of all noble arts,
That lend'st success to every good intent,
A grace that rests in the most godlike hearts,
By heav’n to none but happy souls infused,
Pity it is that e’er thou wast abused.

—Drayton.
OW few, like thee, inquire the wretched out, ALF his earn’d pittance to poor neighbors went:
And court the offices of soft humanity! They had his alms, and he had his content.
Like thee, reserve their raiment for the naked, —Walter Harte

Reach out their bread to feed the crying orphan, i thy new hope, and from thy growing store,

Or mix the pitying tears with those that weep! Now lend assistance, and relieve the poor.
—Rowe. —Dryden.

(oe his unwearied bounty flows;

First loves to do, then loves the good he does.
— Sir F. Denham.

He that’s liberal For his bounty,
To all alike may do good by chance, There was no winter in’t; an autumn 'twas,
But never out of judgment. That grew the more by reaping. ;
} —Beaumont and Fletcher. — Shakespeare,
a 68 Ba
7 Ee aN

@amellia,

Gamellia Japonica. Natura Orver: Camelliacee—Tea Family.

the German botanist, Kamel, Latinized into Camellus. It is .a
native of China, as well as of Japan, where it grows to a large

tree. It is graceful and handsome as one could desire for any
f@ place or occasion. Its blossoms are among the loveliest that nature
~~ yields, but lack the fragrance of those of its rival, the rose, which
= they much resemble; they are, however, more stately, the petals
ee being much thicker, more waxy and symmetrical. There are, it is
so We said, now nearly a thousand varieties, chiefly derived from seed.
In order to perpetuate the same variety in color, they are propa-
gated from slips.

Perfect Jroueliness.

E’ER shall thy dangerous gifts these brows adorn,
To me more dear than all their rich perfume,
The chaste Camellia’s pure and spotless bloom,
That boasts no fragrance and conceals no thorn.

—Wm. Roscoe.
HE, the gayest, sweetest blossom, Softly breathing amorous sighs,
Smiling ’neath the summer skies, While the doves around are cooing,
Glorious lips and swelling bosom, And the simple lovers wooing,
Golden hair and sparkling eyes, Holds the moonbeams in surprise.

—Carlos D, Stuart.

[{ ACH ornament about her seemly lies,

By curious chance, or careless art, composed.

—Tasso.
HE fairness of her face no tongue can tell, And more increast by her own goodly grace,
For she the daughters of all women’s race, That it doth far exceed all human thought,
And angels eke, in beautie doth excel, Ne can on earth compared be to aught.
Sparkled on her from God’s own glorious face, rah aeer

eA —ALD

3

@anarvy Grass,

Phalavis Ganariensis. Narurar Orver: Gramineae —Grass Family.

br as

Oy y

———.

) .c ERIVING its name from the Greek word phalaris, meaning
“= white or brilliant, as the seeds are shining and smooth, the
ps Canary Grass is a native of the Canary Islands, -and its
¥ hy seeds form the chief food of the delightful little Canary bird,
Z>as well as some other small wild birds. It is sometimes found

sparingly naturalized in the fields in America. There is a native plant

{i

| % belonging to the same genus found in low, wet grounds and ditches,
;* known technically as the Phalaris arundinacea, or Reed Canary Grass,

a fi) Suez.

SIE and familiarly as Ribbon Grass.

Perseverance.

TTEMPT the end, and never stand to doubt;

Nothing ’s so hard, but search will find it out.
—FTerrich.

EW things are possible to listless indolence; Impenetrable to superficial gaze,

But unto him whose soul is in his task, Encounters every obstacle and still
(Who scorns ’mid ease or sloth to bask Bears off from each the palm; then, human soul,
Till it ’s accomplished), there is no chance, If for some noble object thou dost strive
No prison which long in durance And wouldst triumphant reach the final goal,
Can keep success; the unconquerable will Swerve not aside ere yet thou dost arrive; _ [trol.

Bends all before it; pierces through each maze Be patient, faithful, firm, and even fate shall not con-
--Fames Walker,

EVOLT is recreant when pursuit is brave,

: Never to faint doth purchase what we crave.
— Machen,
OW noble is a good resolve, A latent bliss befriending it;—
There’s heavenly hope attending it, If strong the strife and great the pain,
And fair and pleasant thoughts involve Greater ’s the triumph—try again.

—Fohn Swain,

ERSEVERANCE is a Roman virtue,
That wins each godlike act, and plucks success

E’en from the spear-proof crest of rugged danger.
—Harvard.

Oo

Cand ytutt

Sbervis wmbelleta. Narurar Orver: Cracifere— Mustard Family.

S) BERIS, or Candytuft, is so well adapted for bouquets that
an ample bed of it should be found in every garden, for it
See will bear any amount of clipping and still yield an abun-
dance of flowers until destroyed by frost. The plants bear
removal so poorly that it is best to sow them where they
are to bloom, and to pull up all the superfluous ones, It is
a native of Spain, and takes its name from the ancient appellative of
that country, which was Iberia. It is most excellent for winter use,
grown in pots or in vases; and is also planted as a border in flower
gardens. The flowers are white, purple or crimson, and some of
them are very fragrant.

Architecture,

N the well-framed models,
With emblematic skill and mystic order,
Thou show’dst where tow'rs on battlements should rise;
Where gates should open, or where walls should compass.

—Prwr.
UR fathers next, in architecture skill’d, ESTWARD a pompous frontispiece appear’d,
Cities for use, and forts for safety, build; On Doric pillars of white marble rear’d,
Then palaces and lofty domes arose; Crown’d with an architrave of antique mold,
These for devotion, and for pleasure those. And sculpture rising on the roughen’d gold.
— Sir R. Blackmore. : —Pope.
IS son builds on, and never is content
Till the last farthing is in structure spent. —Dryden.
ERE stair on stair, with heavy balustrade, ET my due feet never fail
And columned hybrids cut in rigid stone, To walk the studious cloister’s pale,
And vase, and sphinx, and obelisk, arrayed, And love the high embowed roof,
And arched wide bridges over wheelways thrown. With antique pillars massy proof;
Valleys of heaven the gardens seemed to be, And storied windows richly dight,
Casting a dim, religious light. —Milton.

\ Or isles of cloudland in a sunset sea.
=

of P—ry>

Px a avi 5

Canterbury Bells,

Campanula medium. Natura Orver: Campanulacee—Bellwort Family.

7 SPRETENDING but handsome is this species of the Campa-
nula, introduced into this country from Germany. ‘The stem is
® from two and a half to three feet high, and produces flowers
A, that are large and attractive, continuing in bloom from early
summer until fall. The blossoms are bell-shaped, as in the
NK other varieties, the distinctive differences consisting in diversity
> of foliage, and dissimilarity of style. Some are tall and stately, while
others are mere cushions of verdure and flowers. The color of their
blossoms is usually blue, though sometimes lavender or white.

Gratitudy.

OUNTAIN of mercy! whose pervading eye

Can look within and read what passes there,
Accept my thoughts for thanks, I have no words;
My soul, o’erfraught with gratitude, rejects

The aid of language. —Hannah More.
HE benefits he sow’d in me met not O a generous mind
Unthankful ground, but yielded him his own The heaviest debt is that of gratitude,
With fair increase; and I still glory in it. When ’tis not in our power to repay it.
—Massinger. —Franklin,

Wes gratitude o’erflows the swelling heart,
And breathes in free and uncorrupted praise

For benefits received; propitious heaven

Takes such acknowledgments as fragrant incense,

And doubles all its blessings. —Lillo.
| FIND a pious gratitude disperse Like curls of holy incense, overtake
Within my soul; and at every thought of him Each other in my bosom, and enlarge
Engenders a warm sigh within me, which, With their embrace his sweet remembrance.
—Shirley,
I GROW impatient, till I find some way

\ Great offices with greater to repay. —Dryden. ’
Je ,
(p—-w—D nial

Cavdamine.

Cardamine hirsuta. Narurar Orver: Crucifere— Mustard Family.

@f ROWING wild, this plant is found in various parts of the
= United States, in some instances adding the name of the State
in which the variety is produced to its own. It is also called
Cuckoo Flower, and Bitter Cress. It flourishes in wet places,
near streams or springs. The flowers are white and small.

it}

Y

“> The blossoms of some of the other species are larger than

ee the above, and are frequently rose or purple in color. Its name is
oe:

J derived from kardia, heart, and damao, to overcome, alluding to some
supposed medicinal properties.

Autatuation,

H! blest is the fate of the one who hath found
Some loadstar to guide through the wilderness round;
And such I have found, my beloved one, in thee,
For thou art the star of the desert to me. — Samuel Lover.

»/TXIS his one hope —all else that round his life And leave no impress; worldly lips revile

So fairly circles, scarce he values now; With sneer and stinging jibe, but idly by,
The pride of name, a lot with blessings rife, Unfelt, unheard, the impatient arrows fly;
Determined friends, great gifts that him endow— Careless he joins a parasitic train,
Are shrunk to nothing in a woman’s smile; Fops, fools and flatterers, whom her arts enchain,
Counsel, reproof, entreaty, all are lost Nor counts aught base that may to her pertain;

Like windy waters, which their strength exhaust Immersed in love—or what he deems is such.
—F. G. Tuckerman,

[}? but look on her eyes! they do light H! then speak, thou fairest fair!
All that Love’s world compriseth! Kill not him that vows to serve thee;
Do but look on her hair! it is bright ‘But perfume this neighboring air
As Love’s star when it riseth! Else dull silence sure will starve me;
Do but mark —her forehead’s smoother Tis a word that’s quickly spoken,
Than words that sooth her! Which, being restrained, a heart is broken.
And from her arched brows such a grace — Beaumont and Fletcher.
Sheds itself through the face, LL nature fades extinct; and she alone
As alone there triumphs to the life, Heard, felt and seen, possesses every thought,
All the gain, all the good of the elements’ strife. Fills every sense, and pants in every vein.
\ — Fonson. —Thompson. !
aa 73 ar

Cardinal Flower,

Lobelia Cardinalis. Narurar Orver: Lobeliacee— Lobelia Family.

color. It is a tall plant of exceeding beauty, found in
‘ meadows, especially near streams of running water, where
its bright face is mirrored on the gleaming surface. It was intro-
i duced into England from America, of which it is a native, during
s,, colonial times, and has ever since enjoyed the admiration of florists
ir and amateur cultivators. The flowers are of a deep scarlet, and
Be each blossom about two inches in length, arranged on a fine, nod-

ding stem. These appear during the whole summer.

Preferment,

HEN knaves come to preferment, they rise as

Gallows are raised in the low countries, one

Upon another’s shoulders. — Webster.
ITTXIS sweet, beloved, to have thee nigh, F to feel the deep devotion
In pleasant converse thus with me, Of a pilgrim at a shrine,

For while these social moments fly, If to weep with fond emotion

I feel my heart still clings to thee. Be to love thee, I am thine.
Yes, clings to thee with stronger ties If to treasure every token,

Than e’er I felt or knew before, Every look and every sign,
As day by day some charm supplies Every light word thou hast spoken,

That makes me bless thee more and more. Be to love thee, I am thine.

—Thomas G. Spear, Mrs, V. E. Howard,

JE who cannot merit
Preferment by employments, let him bare
His throat unto the Turkish cruelty,

Or die or live a slave, without redemption.
f —Fohn Ford.

Be mS 74 ik

@arvunation.

Dianthus carpophpllus. Narurar Orver: Caryophyllacee— Pink Family.

"MONG the most delightful of all our flowers are the Carna-
tions, in all their diverse colors, being called the flower of
% Jove or Jupiter, the chief god among the Romans, whence its
name— Los, of Zeus, or Jupiter, and anthos, a flower; the
2,4 distinctive epithet is also from two other Greek words,
, WWkaruon, a nut, and phyllon, a leaf. They are variously called
Pp) Wi, bizarres, flakes, or picotees, according to their colors and markings,
i Fai ° being spotted, striped or plain. The varieties number, it is said, over
HA: four hundred, and many of them yield the exquisite odor of the clove,
eor other sweet perfume.

>;
Ab
+

Gontempt,

ND where his frown of hatred darkly fell,
Hope withering fled—and mercy sigh’d farewell!
—Byron.
| ARSH scorn hath hail’d thy blighted name, HALL it not be scorn to me
Thou frail but lovely thing; To harp on such a molder’d string?

And the precious flower of fame I am sham’d through all my nature
Is slowly withering! —Mrs. Norton. To have lov’d so slight a thing. —Tennyson.

HINK not there is no smile

I can bestow upon thee. There is a smile,
A smile of nature too, which I can spare,

And yet perhaps thou wilt not thank me for it.
--Foanna Baillie.

AKE back, take back thy promises; To vibrate at affection’s touch,
Take back, take back thy love,

They say ‘tis all ideal bliss

With such sweet joy again.
Then give me back the light, warm heart

Fleeting as sunbeams move; T held in youth’s bright morn;

And that 'twill quickly pass away, It can’t endure indifference,
And not a chord remain ’Twould break beneath thy scorn.
—Mrs. Locke,
ENCE! Leave my door!

I know thee not, dark woman! Hence away! —Mrs. Sigourney.

75 ik

es

ae a cordon of flowers by mortals, could be compelled to prophesy; so
the ancient Greeks imagined.
4am Ohy Prisoner,
IGH walls and strong the body may confine,
And iron gates obstruct the prisoner’s gaze,
And massive bolts may baffle his design,
And vigilant keepers watch his devious ways;
Yet scorns the immortal mind this base control!
No chains can bind it and no cells enclose;
Swifter than light it flies from pole to pole,
And in a flash from earth to heaven it goes.
—Anonymous.
LIBERTY’! the prisoner’s pleasing dream, E gives the signal of command,
The poet’s muse, his passion and his theme; He waves—he drops— the lifted hand!
Genius is thine, and thou art Fancy’s nurse; It was a sound of clashing steel —
Lost without thee the ennobling powers of verse; Why starts he thus? what doth he feel?
Heroic song from thy free touch acquires The clanking of his iron chain
it Its clearest tone, the rapture it inspires. —Cowper. Hath made him prisoner again! —afys. Norton. ii
Ve

Catchtly.

Silene Armevia. Narurat Orver: Caryophyllacee—Pink Family.

74a ARIETIES of this plant to the number of about one hundred,
e of which perhaps a dozen are indigenous to the United States,
have been noted by botanists. It is cultivated as a garden
annual, many varieties having been introduced from Europe —

Russia has furnished a perennial species. They all bloom plenti-
ede and are appropriate for planting in the borders, or for rock-
’ work. The stem is about a foot and a half high, and the flowers
- mostly a purplish pink, white, and red. -Beneath each joint there is a
‘ glutinous substance that retains any light insect that touches it. It
\ derives its name from Silenus, the reputed foster-father and drunken
rhe: companion of Bacchus, who, when caught asleep and encircled with

76 ok

OW, the plaintive tones inspiring And I’m hastening with affection
Still more sweet and yearning swell, To my hidden darling there,
Till my spirit bursts its bondage, Where the cedar boughs are waving
That had chained it with its spell; In the rustling evening air.

Ai Ry,
i oss ae

MAN
Hl
A

Cedar-Hed,

Juniperus Dirginiana. NATURAL ORDER: Conifere — Pine Family.

3

EARLY all the Pine family are pleasing to the eye for the
diversity as well as the continuity of their foliage. There
are somewhat over a hundred species in the order, and all

» of them of infinite importance to man, growing as some of
Y-x them do in immense forests, they yield an unbounded supply
‘30 of timber for various architectural purposes, being light,
easily wrought and durable. This includes all the pines, hemlocks,
% spruces and cedars. The large, straight trunks of the White Pine
SAy are in great demand for the masts of vessels, while other varieties

Is

le

yield the resinous sap from which resin, tar, pitch and turpentine
‘S are manufactured. The Red Cedar is a middle-sized tree, found in

coast. Its wood is of a reddish cast, compact, fine grained, and
almost imperishable, so well does it resist all the processes of decay.

4 jhivg for Ghee.

OR thee I will arouse my thoughts to try
All heavenward flights, all high and holy strains;
For thy dear sake I will walk patiently

Through these long hours, nor call their minutes pain.
—Frances Anne Kemble.

—L. Sylvestre.

E will walk this world,
Yok’'d in all exercise of noble aim,
And so through those dark gates across the wild
That no man knows. (

—Tennyson.

7 _

And they are fools who roam;
The world has nothing to bestow,

From own selves our joys must flow, Bids equity throughout His works prevail,
And that dear hut—our home. —Cotton, And weighs the nations in an even scale.
— Cowper.

@elandine.,

Chelidonium majus. Narurat Orvrer: Papaveracee—Poppy Family.

—~
v

UITE familiar, from growing wild by the roadsides and in
the fields, especially in moist places, as well as from being
*=cultivated in gardens, is this plant of the poppy family.
It is a fleshy herb, with leaves formed of leaflets arranged
in pairs on a central stem, and one odd one to finish the
tip; they are of a sea or bluish green in color, and are
., quite smooth. The flowers. are yellow, and are not lasting. Its
name is derived from the word chelidon, the Greek name for the
swallow, as it was supposed to blossom with the arrival of that bird.
It has become a naturalized plant in the United States, its native
place being Europe.

Huture Happiness.

HERE is a gentle element, and man

May breathe it with a calm, unruffled soul,
And drink its living waters till his heart ~
Is pure; and this is human happiness. — wus.

F solid happiness we prize, APPINESS depends, as nature shows,
Within our breast the jewel lies, Less on exterior things than most suppose;
Vigilant over all that He has made,

Kind Providence attends with gracious aid,

E is the happy man whose life e’en now
Shows somewhat of that’ happier life to. come; 5
Who, doomed to an obscure but tranquil state,
Is pleased with it, and, were he free to choose,
Would make his fate his choice; whom peace, the fruit
Of virtue, and whom virtue, fruit of faith,
Prepare for happiness; bespeak him one
Content indeed to sojourn while he must

Below the skies, but having there his home.
—Cowper,

is ow

Chamomile.

Anthemis nobilis. Narurar Orver: Composite — Aster Family.

ES e HERE are two species of this humble plant; the first
inodorous, naturalized in fields, byways and lanes, and is
I] called Corn Chamomile; and the second a perennial from
ie Great Britain and other parts of Europe. It is frequently
. cultivated in gardens, and is well known for its strong, agree-
able odor. The flowers are much used in medicine for their
" tonic and anodyne properties. It was called Anthemis, from anthos,
Greek for flower, by reason of its profusion of flowers.

Mercy.

S love so very plenty in this weary world of pain,

That you cannot let all else go by and trust me once again?
--Christian Reid.

HE end will soon come, and tho’ outcast I be, HEN gently scan thy brother man,
Perhaps there is One will have pity on me; Still gentler sister woman;
Who will to the injured His mercy extend, Though both may gang a kennie wrang,
And be to the outcast protector and friend. —% 7. S. To step aside is human. —Burns.
9/TIS mercy! mercy!
The mark of heav’n impress’d on human kind,
Mercy that glads the world, deals joy around;
Mercy that smooths the dreadful brow of power,
And makes dominion light; mercy that saves,
Binds up the broken heart, and heals despair.
—Rowe.
OME unto me, when weary of life’s burdens, AY, the divine in it lingers there still,
e When, oh! so tired of all its hopes and fears — God’s care in all;

When, ’midst the fury of the storms and tempests, Rose leaves but drop at the beck of His will,
Thou shalt be waiting as the heaven nears. Fetters which thrall.

—Mary B, Dodge.

N mercy and justice both,

Through heaven and earth, so shall my glory excel.
\ But mercy first and last shall brightest shine. —Milton. i
i

79 a.

;

@hestunt.

@Gastanea vesea. Narurau Orver: Cupulifere—Oak Family.

"RANCE and Italy, or parts of them, use the nut of this tree
to some extent as an article of diet, a substitute for flour
and potatoes, principally among the poorer classes, who pre-
pare it by some process of cooking; the nut there, however,
being nearly double the size of the ones we are familiar
SON with. The Italian nut venders are also found on street
corners of our large cities. In some portions of the United States
the tree grows plentifully, though seldom forming masses in the
woods. In July the blossoms hang like tassels all over the tree,
y completely covering it as if with a yellowish mantle. The nut is of
; a beautiful brown, and is inclosed in a formidable burr, beset on all
sides with sharp, thori:y spines. The timber is useful in some kinds
of building, being strong, elastic and durable, without much weight.
The Chestnut was a favorite tree of Salvator Rosa, and flourished in the moun-

tains of Calabria. It is said to have derived its name from Casthanza, a city
of ancient Greece.

Decepliug Appearances.

OW little do they see what is, who frame

Their hasty judgments upon that which seems.

—Southey.
ITHIN the oyster’s shell uncouth HE deepest ice that ever froze
The purest pearl may bide;— Can only o’er the surface close;
Trust me, you'll find a heart of truth The living stream lies quick below,
Within that rough outside. And flows,and cannot cease to flow.
—Mrs. Osgood. —Byron.
9’ IS not the fairest form that holds
The mildest, purest soul within;
’Tis not the richest plant that folds
The sweetest breath of perfume in.
—Dawes.
HY plain and open nature sees mankind PPEARANCES to save, his only care;
r But in appearances, not what they are. So things seem right, no matter what they are. !
—Frowde. — Churchill.

SP, oa sit

Chickhweed,

Stellaria media. Natura Orver: Caryophyllacea — Pink Family.

v

= ==
we

>>

external inflammation, by being moistened and applied warm.

Star of my Eristency.

HAVE sought the intensest ways to best adore you,

I have lain my soul’s last treasure at your feet;
Yet I tremble as in thought I bend before you,

With abasement and abashment and defeat,
Knowing well that all the love I ever bore you

Is requital weak of worth and incomplete!
—Edgar Fawcett.

lines seen grand ladies plumed and silked, HERE ever is a form, a face,
But not a sweeter maiden — Of maiden beauty in my dreams,
But not a sweeter, fresher maid Speeding before me like the race
Than this in homely cotton, To ocean of the mountain streams—
Whose pleasant face and silky braid With dancing hair, and laughing eyes,
I have not yet forgotten. That seem to mock me as it flies.
—Christina Georgina Rossetti. — Halleck.

Y spirit bows before a nameless shrine,
Seeking to offer there
The heart’s devotion to some nymph divine

As pure and true as fair.
—W. F. Langey.

G 81

‘found generally in moist, shady places. It is a small, delicate,
'grain-like herb. The leaves are oval, the stem round and
jointed, and rather procumbent. The flowers are small,
» white and star-like, whence its botanical name.. At night the
leaves, in pairs, close around the young stems. Birds are
very fond of picking at the seeds, as well as the green leaves, espe-
cially canaries, giving rise to its popular name, Chickweed. The

‘® them desirable for consumptives. They are also useful to allay

u
a

‘ |
—Sir F. Denham,
Ey i
Sor, 82 : owe

Chicory,

Gichorium mtybus. NaruraL Orver: Composite — Aster Family.

RE is an oriental herb in height from two to three feet,
found naturalized in fields and byways. The flowers are
large and conspicuous, blooming in pairs in the axils of the
leaves, and are a pale blue in color. The root is used in

: a France, and indeed in America, for the adulteration of coffee,
Ke 7 Oy for which purpose it is roasted, ground, and flavored with
9° burnt sugar. Its name is of Egyptian origin, being in Egypt called

_chikouryeh, It is known in England as Succory. The Endivia
y a variety, so called, is a native of the East Indies, and’ is sometimes
used for salads.

Prudent Bronomy.

OR him light labor spread her wholesome store,
Just gave what life requir’d, but gave no more;
His best companions, innocence and health;
And his best riches, ignorance of wealth. —Goldsmith.

RUDENCE, thou virtue of the mind, by which Assyrian carpets, chairs of ivory,

We do consult of all that’s good or evil, The luxuries of a stupendous house,
Conducting to felicity; direct Garments perfum’d, gems valued not for use,

My thoughts and actions by the rules of reason; But needless ornament; a sumptuous table,
Teach me contempt of all inferior vanities;

And all the baits of sense. =
Pride in a marble portal gilded o’er, _ ae

| seca forward what ’s to come, and back whats past;
Thy life will be with praise and prudence graced;
What loss or gain may follow, thou mayst guess;

Thou then wilt be secure of the success. —Sir F. Denham.
aco wise with prudent thought provide HEN any great designs thou dost intend,
Against misfortune’s coming tlde. —pyittacus, Think on the means, the manner and the end. i

China Aster--Dondle,

Callisteplhus Chinensis. Narurar Orver: Composite —Aster Family.

exquisite pains in their cultivation, the Aster being one of their
especial favorites. With infinite patience they place the various
colors so as to form, according to their taste, an artistic mass in
gardens and pleasure grounds. The varieties now supplied by

seedsmen are numerous, the colors the most perfect that one
could wish, and filled with petals to the center. They bloom from
midsummer until late in the autumn, or until frost sets its sharp teeth
in their prodigal blossoms. On the approach of winter, those that
have unexpanded buds can be lifted and transferred to the house,
and if wasted flowers are clipped will remain in bloom some time.
The scientific name is derived from the Greek, and signifies beau-
tiful crown.

Bounty.

HAT you desire of him, he partly begs
To be desir’d to give. It much would please him,
That of his fortunes you would make a staff

To lean upon. —Shakespeare.
ARGE was his bounty, and his soul sincere; N all places, then, and in all seasons,
Heaven did a recompense as largely send; Flowers expand their light and soul-like wings,
He gave to misery all he had —a tear; Teaching us, by most persuasive reasons,
He gain’d from heav’n—’twas all he wished, a friend. How akin they are to human things.
—Gray. —Longfellow.

UCH moderation with thy bounty join

That thou may’st nothing give that is not thine to give.
—Denham.

Fao more than all, ye speak To gladden all the earth
Of might and power, of mercy, of the One With bright and beauteous emblems of His grace,
Eternal, who hath strew’d you fair and meek, That showers its gifts of uncomputed worth
To glisten in the sun; In every clime and place.
—Mary Anne Browne.
83

pS

ery a

; Or the old tidemarks on the shore,

@hina Astev--Single,

Callistephus Chinensis. NarturaL Orver: Composite— Aster Family.

a>
\

2 ESCRIPTION of this flower would be unnecessary, were it
‘2 not the progenitor of all our handsome double, quilled, bou-
i quet, pyramid and the many other varieties of asters that
lj

Fx ZZ 'The blossom originally presented a yellow disk or center, sur-

have originated under careful and discriminating cultivation.

Bounded by a single row of petals, ofa purple color; now we have
nearly all colors and shades, except yellow. Such is the wonderful

power of human thought, skill, patience and perseverance, when applied
* to flowers; who. can doubt its equal power when enlisted in the eleva-
tion of mankind or in the improvement of the individual.

J wilt Ohink of Tt.

epee heralds should be thoughts,
Which ten times faster glide than sunbeams,
Driving back the shadows over lowering hills.

—Shakespeare.
OSE leaves, when the rose is dead, ft lecaceti pans of my soul, how swift ye go!
Are heaped for the belovéd’s bed; Swift as the eagle’s glance of fire,
And so thy thoughts, when thou art gone, Or arrows from the archer’s bow,
Love itself shall slumber on. —Shelly. To the far aim of your desire! —_yprpitsier.

jiga car without horses, the car without wings,
Roars onward and flies
On its pale iron edge,

"Neath the heat of a thought sitting still in our eyes.
—Miss Barrett,

i heen flit and flutter through the mind, ANY are the thoughts that come to me
As o’er the waves the shifling wind; In my lonely musing;

Trackless and traceless is their flight,

As falling stars of yesternight,

And they drift so strange and swift,
There ’s no time for choosing
Which to follow, for to leave

Which other tides have rippled o’er. —Bowring. Any, seems a losing. —C. P. Cranch,

a

Chrysanthemum,

Chrysanthemum carinatum. Narurar Orver: Composite — Aster Family.

““EELSHAPED goldflower is the significance of the scientific
name of this plant—carinatum, from the Latin carzna, a keel;
and Chrysanthemum, from two Greek words, chrysos, golden,
and anthemon, a flower. It is not naturalized in this country,
; though it has now been cultivated here for a number of years.
It is nearly a century since they were introduced into Great
#> Britain (in 1789). They are indigenous to Northern Africa, China,
Japan, and other Oriental countries. The primitive color was yellow,
hence the Greeks called it Chrysanthemum; but now the colors are
various, being white, crimson, maroon, and yellow of several shades.
They blossom very late “in the fall, and, if transferred to the house,
will bloom until Christmas, requiring only to be kept from positive
f freezing.

Stighted Atfections.

OUL, wilt thou love, where to love is losing?
Long wilt thou wander in ways that err;
Dally with hopes, that thy barren choosing
Finds fleeting as steps of a wayfarer.
Wilt thou not turn and say to her spirit,
Lo! I that love thee will love no more?
This is a hard thing that we inherit;
To love and to weep, lo! this is sore. —Barton Grey.

AN brightener of the fading year, Thou comest when the rose is dead,

Chrysanthemum ; Chrysanthemum —

Rough teller of the winter near, When pink and lily both have fled,
Chrysanthemum: Chrysanthemum :

Gray, low-hung skies and woodlands sere, When hollyhocks droop low the head,

Wet, leaf-strewn ways with thee appear; And dahlias litter path and bed,

Yet well I love to see thee here, Thou bloomest bright in all their stead,
Chrysanthemum! Chrysanthemum,

Yes, well I love to see thee here, And back recall’st their beauty fled.
Chrysanthemum! —W. C. Bennett.

85

gD

@Minervaria,

Cineraria amelloites. Naturat Orver: Composite—Aster Family.

¢ RIGHT and beautiful, the flower-stalks of this plant raise their
aster-like clusters of blossoms well above their broad and
handsome leaves, in our greenhouses in spring, when flowers

& are scarce, sometimes as many as fifty flowers in a crowning
FA mass. The plant has been called Cape Aster, one of the first

varieties having come from the South of Africa; but as we
have species now from the colder latitudes of Siberia, as well
as from the tropical climes of Jamaica and the Canary Isles, that name
has been almost universally abandoned for the Latin one embracing
them all. The colors are the various shades of purple or blue, usually
with a white or lighter ring at the base of the petals.

Always Delighthut.

O he brilliant and mirthful the light of her eye,

Like a star glancing out from the blue of the sky.
— Whittier.

| eae shines the sun today, Sweet content, with winning smiles,
Perhaps it brings but little sorrow; Brightens every simple pleasure;
We'll be happy while we may; Happiness, with merry smiles,
*Twould be folly now to borrow Adds its gold to all our treasure;
Griefs and cares, which may not stray, Thus our path for many miles
May not darken our tomorrow. May be crowned from joy’s full measure.

—Tamar Anne Kermode.
E is so full of pleasant anecdote,
So rich, so gay, so poignant in his wit,
Time vanishes before him as he speaks,
And ruddy morning through the lattice peeps.

IS sports were fair, his joyance innocent, HEN thou art near,
Sweet without sour, and honey without gall; The sweetest joys still sweeter seem,
And he himself seem’d made for merriment, The brightest hopes more bright appear,
Merrily masking both in bower and hall. And life is all one happy dream,
a aa When thou art near. —Robert Sweney. at
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@itvon,

Citrus medica. Natura Orver: Awranticee—Orange Family.

IGHT or nine feet high in its native seats in tropical climates,
|, the Citron differs but slightly in appearance from the lemon
“and orange trees, with which we are familiar, though only
as house shrubs. The foliage is evergreen, the flowers resem-
x, bling the orange blossom; the fruit is fragrant, the pulp being
’ acid like the lemon, and grateful and cooling to the taste.
The trees of this class are all easily grown in the conservatory, and
) in Louisiana and Florida in the open air, yielding a delightful perfume
when in bloom. It gets its distinctive title, medica, from the two
essential oils (citron and cedrat) which it yields.

Qarringg.

O power in death shall tear our names apart,
As none in life could rend thee from my heart.

—Byron.

OME from the woods with the citron flowers, HEN on thy bosom I recline,

Come with your lyres for festal hours, Enraptured still to call thee mine,
Maids of bright Scio! They came, and the breeze To call thee mine for life,
Bore their sweet songs o’er the Grecian seas; I glory in the sacred ties,
They came, and Endora stood robed and crowned Which modern wits and fools despise,
The bride of the morn, with her train around. Of husband*and of wife.

—Mrs. Hemans. —Lindley Murray.

HE citron groves their fruit and flowers were strewing
Around a Moorish palace, while the sigh
Of low, sweet summer winds the branches wooing
With music through their shadowy bowers went by;
Music and voices from the marble halls

Through the leaves gleaming, and the fountain falls.
—Mrs. Hemans.

CROSS the threshold led, Shining within, when all without is night;
And every tear kissed off as soon as shed, A guardian angel o’er his life presiding,
ly His house she enters, there to be a light Doubling his pleasure, and his cares dividing.
—Rogers.
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@Mlianthnus,

Clianthus Dampier. Narurar Orver: Leguminose—Pulse Family.

T is but a few years since this beautiful flower was first
introduced into Europe and the United States from New

Zealand, and, as it was at first considered a delicate plant
% to cultivate, it commanded a very high price, and was with
S) difficulty persuaded to bloom. The trouble was too much

care. It is now grown from seeds, requiring a well-drained
soil, and only a reasonable supply of water, as too liberal drenching
causes it to decay at the root. The leaves grow in pairs opposite
each other, similar to the pea family, to which class it belongs. The
flowers appear in clusters of about half a dozen, each being from two

to three inches long, and of a rich scarlet, with an intensely black
blotch in. the center.

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Glorious Beauty.

. ER eyes, her lips, her cheeks, her shape, her features,
Seem to be drawn by love’s own hands, by love
Himself in love.

—Dryden.
HE beautiful are never desolate, EART on her lips, and soul within her eyes,
But some one always loves them, Soft as her clime, and sunny as her skies.
—Bailey. —Byron.
ER grace of motion and of look, the smooth
And swimming majesty of step and tread,
The symmetry of form and feature, set
The soul afloat, even like delicious airs
Of flute or harp. —Milman.
sae has such wondrous eyes, The lustrous depths that stir
The saints in paradise With rhythmic rise and fall,
Must veil their own from her. To hide her heart from all—
Around her snow-white neck I hold a hidden key
Great pearls, like foam-bells fleck, To ope the gates, ma mie/
—Edward Renaud,
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@lothur,

Xanthiam strumarium. Natura Orver: Composite — Aster Family.

eIKE some of the human family, certain plants have but very
2 little biography, and what they have is not very favorable.
®They necessarily have had progenitors or ancestors, but not
: le, the illustrious, the noted, the famous; neither have they
Sige, beauty or attractions sufficient to redeem them from ob-
ONS scurity. The Clotbur resembles the burdock, the Spanish
needles, and some others of those provoking plants that scatter their
seeds by adhering to whatever comes in contact, which they do readily
by the hooked spines with which they are provided. They are mostly

coarse plants, found in byways, fields, woods and barnyards.

Detraction,

ETRACTION is a bold monster, and fears not
To wound the fame of princes, if it find
But any blemish in their lives to work on. —Massinger.

2TTXIS not the wholesome, sharp morality, Of the malicious, ignorant and base

Or modest anger of a satiric spirit, Interpreter; who will distort, and strain
That hurts or wounds the body of a State; The gen’ral scope and purpose of an author
But the sinister application To his particular and private spleen. —Fonson.

IRTUE itself ’scapes not calumnious strokes;
The canker galls the infants of the spring,
For oft before their blossoms be disclos’d,
And in the morn and liquid dew of youth,
Contagious blastments are most imminent.

—Shakespeare.
N° skill in swordmanship, however just, iss one whose whip of steel can with a lash
Can be secure against a madman’s thrust; Imprint the characters of shame so deep,
And even virtue so unfairly match’d, Ev’n in the brazen forehead of proud sin,
Although immortal, may be prick’d or scratch’d. That not eternity shall wear it out.
—Cowper. —Randolph.

APPY are they that hear their detractions,
And can put them to mending. —Shakespeare.

89
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@louerw,

Crifolium pratense. Natura Orver: Leguminose— Pulse Family.

NOWN more commonly, from one variety, as the Red Clover,
this three-leaved product of the meadow (whence its scientific
" name) is, next to common grass, the most useful plant to the
husbandman for the feeding of his cattle; and of it they are

exceedingly fond. It is usually grown as a mixture in with

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ie ae — other grasses, but sometimes whole fields are devoted to it.

aS ae All such crops should really be grown and stored separately, so as

ENS

S Mika sto be used at discretion, for cattle, as well as people, have a discern-
Z aR ing taste, and know as well as we that “variety is the spice of life.”

The blossoms are fragrant, and are very enticing to bees and butter-
flies as well as other honey-loving insects.

Qudustry.

IKE clocks, one wheel another on must drive —

Affairs by diligent labor only thrive. —Chapman.
ND cheerfully she plodded through The coward wolf might fly;
Her many household cares; And train’d the woodbines higher yet

And led the flock her father left, Upon the cottage wall,

To feed upon the hill; And pruned the roses, where they grew,
And guided them at sunset . So sweet and fresh and tall;

To the bubbling silver rill; And planted flowers and strawberries,
And put them safe in fold at night, In her small plot of ground,

And left the watch-dog nigh, And painted all the railing green,
That at his honest, angry bark That fenced her garden ’round.

—Mrs. Norton,
FT did the harvest to the sickle yield,
Their harrow oft the stubborn glebe hath broke;
How jocund did they drive their teams afield,
How bow’d the woods beneath their sturdy stroke.

—Gray.
HORTLY his fortune shall be lifted higher; BSENCE of occupation is not rest,
True industry doth kindle honor’s fire. A mind quite vacant is a mind distressed.
f \ — Shakespeare. — Cowper.

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@obwa.

Cobea scandens. Naturar Orver: Polemoniacee —Polemonium Family.

ish missionary in Mexico (whence the common species has
been introduced), is a very luxuriant and beautiful plant,
often growing a hundred and fifty feet or more in a single
season. The most common kind produces large, bell-shaped

appear are a pale green, changing gradually to a beautiful dark purple
under the influence of the sun and air. There is also a variegated
kind, and very recently a white variety has been introduced. The seeds
’ are large and flat, and should be planted edgewise, as, if placed flat,
they are apt to rot before sprouting. It can be cultivated as an annual,
or as a permanent house-plant; in either case care should be taken in
pruning if entirely cut back, to see that there are young shoots sprout-
ing from the root near the earth, to absorb the superfluity of sap, or the plant
will perish.

Gussip..

ALKERS are no good doers; be assured
We go to use our hands, and not our tongues.

flowers, nearly the size of a teacup, which when they first

— Shakespeare.
WEET were the tales she used to tell NEVER with important air
When summer’s eve was dear to us, In conversation overbear;
And fading from the darkening dell, My tongue within my lips I rein;
The glory of the sunset fell. For who talks much must talk in vain.
—Whittier. —Gay.
Y lord shall never rest;
TI’ll watch him tame, and talk him out.
— Shakespeare.
MIRTH-MOVING jest, OW hard soe’er it be to bridle wit,
Which his fair tongue, conceit’s expositor, Yet memory oft no less requires the bit.
Delivers in such apt and gracious words How many, hurried by its force away,
That aged ears play truant at his tales. Forever in the land of gossips stray!
\ —S, hakespeare. — Stillingfleet. ’
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Cockscowh,

Gelosia cristata. Natrurat OrpER: Amarantacee — Amaranth Family.

FEW years ago the crimson Celosia was the only variety to
be met with, and now we have the white, yellow, and rose.
They bloom in a flattened, pyramidal spike, frequently a foot

broad, and resemble a mass of plush gathered into a gro-
og tesque shape, the crest of the flower being usually deeper in
\ tint and softer in texture. They are garden annuals, but

servatory ornaments when placed against a background of striking
%.: foliage. Their flowers are lasting, and are a fine addition to winter
bouquets, in which case they should be plucked before frost, and before
too much wasted by the ripening of the seeds.

Hoppery.

H! save me, ye powers, from these pinks of the nation,
These tea-table heroes! these lords of creation. —Salmagundi.

OME positive, persisting fops we know, OXCOMBS are of all ranks and kind,
Who, if once wrong, will needs be always so; They’re not to sex or age confined;
But you with pleasure own your errors past, Of rich, or poor, or great, or small, ,
And make each day a critique on the last. —pope, *Tis vanity besets them all. —Gay.

HINE out, fair sun, till I have bought a glass,
That I may see my shadow as I pass. —sShakespeare.
ES. arioroing O0e8 OPS take a world of pains

This fellow: put tunaseli mpori the teks To prove that bodies may exist saxs brains;

With putting on ’s apparel, and manfully The former so fantastically dress’d,

Endures his tailor, when he screws and wrests The latter's absence may be safely guess'd.

His body into the fashion of his doublet. —sviriey. —Park Benjamin,

ATURE made ev’ry fop to plague his brother,
Just as one beauty mortifies another. —Pope.

92

Columbine,

Aquilegia Ganadensis. Narurat Orver: Ranunculacee—Crowfoot Family.

=i, ERHAPS ten varieties of this plant are in cultivation, some of
© them being our own wild ones naturalized, while others have
been imported from Siberia, Mexico and elsewhere. They
are various in color of blossom, usually combining two shades
or complementary tints in one flower, as red and yellow, blue
and white, some even having three. The petals are curiously
spurred, from which they have been compared to the talons of the
eagle, whence their Latin name, from aguza, an eagle. The resem-
blance of its flowers to a fool’s cap has given rise to its symbolism.

Fally.

EAVE such to trifle with more grace and ease,
Whom folly pleases, or whose follies please.

—Pope.
AME '’S but a hollow echo; gold, pure clay; HAT is social company
Honor, the darling of but one ‘short day; But a babbling summer stream?
Beauty, the eye’s idol, but a damask’d skin; * What our wise philosophy
State, but a golden prison to live in. But the glancing of a dream?

—Sir Henry Wotten. —Christopher Pearse Cranch,

THERS the siren sisters compass ’round,
And empty heads console— with empty sound.

se

—Pope.
IS passion for absurdity.’s so strong, *HE morning’s blush, she made it thine,
He cannot bear a rival in the wrong, The morn’s sweet breath, she gave it thee;
Tho’ wrong the mode comply: more sense is shown And in thy look, my Columbine!
In wearing others’ follies than our own. Each fond-remember’d spot she bade me see.
—Young. —Fones Very,
OO many giddy, foolish hours are gone,
And in fantastic measures danced away.
—Rowe.
HEIR passions move in lower spheres, HUS in a sea of follies toss'd,
Where'’er caprice or folly steers. —swift. My choicest hours of life are lost.
—Swift. a
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Coreopsis,

Coreopsis tinctoria. Natura Orver: Composite —Aster Family.

&
# opine, of
AROS
ySSik ANY are the varieties of this truly handsome annual, which

) : WK derives its name from two Greek words, kords, a bug, and
5 i : ~ opsis, appearance. The flowers are about an inch or an
Noles le ? inch and a half in diameter, and in shape like a diminutive
— a > | fs “5 sunflower, the rays or petals being yellow, crimson, maroon
iy ali Sand red; or yellow with one of the darker colors forming a

te

circle at the base. They bloom profusely during the whole sum-
mer. The plants are delicate in growth and are about two feet
high. They are natives of all the Southern States.

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i h- Happy at alt Gimes.

Ce you chain the blithe waves dancing wild in their glee?
Could you check the glad mockbird his carol repeating,

Hold the laughing leaves still that are fluttering free,
Or the sungleams that o’er the green meadows are fleeting?

And why is my voice attuned like a lute
To the music that all things around me are feeling,
If its voice in that concert alone must be mute,

If I shut out the doctrine of nature’s revealing?
—Elizabeth F. Ellet,

OWS of liquid eyes in laughter, H! why, delight to wrap the soul

How they glimmer, how they quiver! In pall of fancied sadness?
Sparkling one another after, ’Twere best be merry while we live,

Like bright ripples on a river. And paint our cheeks with gladness;
Tipsy band of rubious faces, What if hope tells a “flattering tale,”

Flushed with Joy’s. ethereal spirit, And mocks us by deceiving,
Make your mocks and sly grimaces *Tis better far to be content,—

At Love’s self, and do not fear it. There’s nothing made by grieving.

—George Darley. —L. Labree.

aed her against sweet cheerfulness was laced,
Whose eyes like twinkling stars in evening clear
Were deck’t with smyles, that all sad humors chased,
And darted forth delights, the which her goodly graced. —spenser.

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Coriander,
Coriandrum sativum. Natura Orver: Ombellifere—Parsley Family.
a |
as
=i; ORTIONS of Southern Europe along the coast of the Medi-
terranean, and the East generally, are the native seats of the
Coriander in a wild state; but the cultivated varieties are to
be found in all countries. The seeds, for which it is grown,
“4 are very aromatic, and are used by confectioners in manufac-
‘2S turing many of their sweets, they being passed through some
aN process by which their exterior is covered with a coating of sugar,
fyef, each seed still retaining its individuality. The leaves of the plant are
7, much divided; the flowers are white, grouped in umbels, and bloom in
,the month of July. :
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Merit,
1 HE sweet eye-glances that like arrows glide,
The charming smiles that rob sense from the heart,
The lovely pleasaunce, and the lofty pride,
Cannot expresséd be by any art. — Spenser.
H! how much more doth beauty beauteous seem aie what there can, I will be just;
By that sweet ornament which truth doth give! My fortune may forsake me, not my virtue:
The rose looks fair, but fairer we it deem That shall go with me and before me still,
For that sweet odor which doth in it live. And glad me doing well, though I hear ill.
— Shakespeare. — Fonson.
| cane only merit constant pay receives;
Is blest in what it takes, and what it gives.
—Pope.
HE noble mind, unconscious of a fault, HE fame that a man wins himself, is best;
No fortune’s frown can bend, or smiles exalt. That he may call his own.
2 —Middleton.
E thou the first, true merit to befriend;
His praise is lost who waits till all commend.
—Pope.
; ITHOUT the stamp of merit, let none presume ERIT like his, the fortune of the mind,
To wear undeserved dignity. — Shakespeare. Beggars all wealth. —Thompson. i

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Carn Cockle.

Agrostemma githags. Narurar Orper: Caryophyllaceea— Pink Family.

F ROWING uncultivated in fields of grain, this plant is nearly
=~ allied to the species of Lychnis that are grown in the flower
garden. The stem is from two to three feet high, with foliage
of a pale green, and the leaves three or four inches in length.
= The flowers are rather pretty, though not brilliant, being in
* color somewhat of a dull purple. Its name, Agrostemma,

Clorth aboug Beauty.

FATAL beauty! why art thou bestow’d
On hapless woman still to make her wretched?

Betrayed by thee, how many are undone. —Patterson.
EAUTY, like ice, our footing does betray; 2'TIS not a set of features or complexion
Who can tread sure on the smooth, slip’ry way? The tincture of a skin I admire,
Pleased with the passage, we glide swiftly on, Beauty soon grows familiar to the lover,
And see the dangers which we cannot shun. Fades in his eye, and palls upon the sense.
—Dryden. . — Addison.

HY did the gods give thee a heavenly form,
And earthly thoughts to make thee proud of it?
Why do I ask? ’Tis now the known disease
That beauty hath, to bear too deep a sense

Of her own self-conceived excellence. —Fonson.
EAUTY, my lord, ’tis the worst part of woman, HINK not, ’cause men flat’ring say,
A weak, poor thing, assaulted ev’ry hour Y’ are fresh as April, sweet as May,
By creeping minutes of defacing time; Bright as the morning star,
A superficies, which each breath of care That you are. —Carew.

Blasts off; and ev’ry hum’rous stream of grief,
Which flows from forth these fountains of our eyes EAUTY is excell'd by manly grace,
Washeth away, as rain doth winter’s snow. And wisdom, which alone is truly fair.
—Goffe. —Milton,
EAUTY, fair flower, upon the surface lies,
But worth with beauty soon in aspect vies. —Sappho.

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@avronilla.

Coronilla glauca. Natural Orver: Leguminose— Pulse Family.

SPORONILLA is a shrubby plant growing to some three or
four feet in height, and blossoms freely and early in the
greenhouse or window. ‘There are but few varieties, none
of which are natives, being all of European origin. Three
produce yellow flowers; the Coronilla varia has purple ones;
and the Coronilla Emerus, frequently called Scorpion senna, a
native of France, has blossoms of a rose color. They should have
) partial shade in summer, and be grown in a light, open soil well
drained. The significance of the name is a little crown, from the shape
of the flower.

Success Crown Your Cishes.

OOD actions crown themselves with lasting bays,
Who deserves well needs not another’s praise.

Heath,
ROWN'D with my constellated stars I stand SUCH a day,
Beside the foaming sea, So fought, so follow’d, and so fairly won,
And from the Future with a victor’s hand, Came not till now, to dignify the times,
Claim empire for the Free. —Zayard Taylor, Since Cesar’s fortunes. —Shakespeare.

HUS far our fortune keeps an onward course,

And we are graced with wreaths of victory.

— Shakespeare.
PPLAUSE waits on success; the fickle multitude, O do is to succeed —our fight
Like the light straw that floats along the stream, Is wag’d in Heaven’s approving sight —
Glide with the current still, and follow fortune. The smile of God is victory.
—Franklin. — Whittier.

UR toils, my friends, are crown’d with sure success;
The greater part perform’d, achieve the less.

—Dryden.
ISDOM he has, and to his wisdom courage; UCCESS, the mark no mortal wit,
Temper to that, and unto all success. Or surest hand, can always hit.
—Sir F. Denham, —Butler,

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Cotton Plant.

Gossppium herbaceum. Narurar Orver: Malvacee— Mallow Family.

HIS plant is a native of the East Indies, or is, perhaps,
indigenous to all tropical regions. It is now at least exten-
sively grown in various tropical and semi-tropical countries
for the product which it yields. It is an annual, growing,
if left unpruned, some five feet high. Sown in spring, and
tended with care during the summer months, it is harvested
in autumn. The seeds are ensconced in the most delightful of beds,
" soft and white. When they are ripe the pods burst, and if left to
. nature, would eventually float out on the wide, wide world, till they
had found a resting place in the soil, to become plants themselves;
2. but man seizes their downy covering and applies it to his own use.
She flowers are a pale yellow, and are from two to three inches
broad. The Nankin Cotton is similar to the common, except in the
color of the fiber, which is yellow or tawny. The Gossypium Bar-
badense, Barbadoes or Sea-Island cotton, grown in a narrow belt of our Southern
States and adjacent islands, is unrivaled for length, softness and strength.

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Greatness,

S some tall cliff, that lifts its awful form,
Swells from the vale, and midway leaves the storm;
Tho’ round its breast the rolling clouds are spread,

Eternal sunshine settles on its head. —Goldsmith,
IVES of great men all remind us Footprints, that perhaps another,
We can make our lives sublime, Sailing o’er life’s. solemn main,
And, departing, leave behind us A forlorn and shipwreck’d brother,
Footprints on the sands of time;— Seeing, shall take heart again.
—Longfellow.
H! greatness, thou art but a flattering dream,
A wat’ry bubble, lighter than the air. —Tracy.
REAT souls by instinct to each other turn, IGH stations tumult, but not bliss create;
Demand alliance and in friendship burn. None think the great unhappy, but the great.
—Addison, —Young.

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Cranberry,

Oxpcoccus palustris. NaruraL Orvrr: Zricacee—Heath Family.

BO EARLY every one is familiar with the handsome, bright and
\’ glossy fruit of the Cranberry, which is so frequently exposed
for sale in our markets, and from which such luscious jellies
and appetizing tarts are concocted. The literal translation
«from the Greek would be sour-berry, from oxus, acid, and
kokkos, berry, than which nothing could be more appropriate.
It is also called moss-berry, or moor-berry, as it thrives best in low,
y_ boggy grounds, such as will-o’-the-wisp delights to dance over, and
PASS where the soil sucks up water like a sponge. The shrub being
i 22, ® procumbent, or trailing, creeps along the ground, and under cultiva-
tion forms dense masses, yielding an abundant product. The flowers
ey are of a light pink, and are clustered near the tips of the branches.
There is also a variety called the Upland Cranberry.

Hardihood,

HE mind I sway by, and the heart I bear,
Shall never sagg with doubt, nor shake with fear.

— Shakespeare.
MIGHTY man is he, PON his ample shoulders
With large and sinewy hands; Clangs loud the four-fold shield,
And the muscles of his brawny arms And in his hand he shakes the brand
Are strong as iron bands. Which none but he can wield.

— Longfellow. —Lord Macauley,

ET fortune empty all her quiver on me,
I have a soul that, like an ample shield,
Can take it all, and verge enough for more.

—Dryden.
IKE a mountain lone and bleak, Through the cold and blighting air,
With its sky-encompass’d peak, Up to heaven,
Thunder riven, Is the soul that feels its woe,
Lifting its forehead bare, And is nerved to bear the blow.
f —Mrs. Hale,
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Crape Wyte.

Lagerstremia Indica. Narurar Orver: Lythracee —Loosestrife Family.

s, WEDEN was the birthplace of Magnus Lagerstreem, the noted
traveler and botanist for whom this beautiful exotic shrub was
named, and as it was supposed to have come originally from
the East Indies, the qualifying adjective, Indica, was added.
» The petals of the flowers are very delicate, and are attached
to the calyx by long, slender claws, which give it a light and
airy appearance. The shrub is frequently found in the Southern
States, where it is quite hardy, but in the northern section of the
7 United States it is found only in conservatories. Very recently a
white-blooming plant was found in Arkansas, growing wild; it being
Yothe first discovered of that color, it was of course very choice, and was
at once removed by an enthusiastic amateur for propagation.

keloywency.

ETHOUGHT I heard a voice
Sweet as the shepherd’s pipe upon the mountains
When all his little flock ’s at feed before him.

—Otway.
H! I know H*s eloquence is classic in its style,

Thou hast a tongue to charm the wildest temper; Not brilliant with explosive coruscations
Herds would forget to graze, and savage beasts Of heterogeneous thoughts, at random caught,
Stand still, and lose their fierceness, but to hear thee, And scattered like a shower of shooting stars,
As if they had reflection; and by reason That end in darkness; no—his noble mind
Forsook a less enjoyment for a greater. —Rowe, Is clear, and full, and stately, and serene.

—Mrs. Hale.
ee voice was wont to come in gentle whispers,
And fill my ears with the soft breath of love.
—Otway.
HE charm of eloquence—the skill The o’ermastering strength of mind, which sways
To wake each secret string, The haughty and the free,
And from the bosom’s chords at will Whose might earth’s mightiest ones obey ;
Life’s mournful music bring; This charm was given to thee.
ti —Mrs. Embury.

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Crocus-Sypring.

Crocs vernus. Naturar Orver: Jridacee—Iris Family.

NE of the first flowers that greet the eye in early spring is
this inhabitant of the snowy Alps, brightening the earth with
its gay blossoms often before any verdure is visible. The
root is bulbous, and cheap enough to have in abundance.

yes They are exceedingly attractive for house cultivation, planted
SMin some of the pretty devices that are made for hyacinths and
similar plants. The colors vary through the different shades of purple,
yellow and white. The ancient legend relates that Crocus was an
unfortunate lover, whose unrequited passion awakened the sympathy

of the gods, and procured his metamorphose into this flower.

Oheerlutness,

O my storm-beaten heart likewise is cheer’d

With that sunshine, when cloudy looks are clear’d.
— Spenser.

HEN cheerfulness, a nymph of healthiest hue, OY, like the zypher that flies o’er the flower,

Her bow across her shoulders flung, Rippling into it fresh fairness each hour,—

Her buskins gemm’d with morning dew, Joy has wav’d o’er thee his sun-woven wing,
Blew an inspiring air, that dale and thicket rung. And dimpled thy cheek like the roses of spring.

—Collins, —Mrs. Osgood.

4

T sight of thee my gloomy soul cheers up,

My hopes revive, and gladness dawns within me.
—Ambrose Philips.

ELCOME, wild harbinger of spring! To thee—for thy rich, golden bloom,
To this small nook of earth; ; Like heaven’s fair bow on high,
Feeling and fancy fondly cling Portends, amid surrounding gloom,

Round thoughts which owe their birth That brighter hours draw nigh,
To thee, and to the humble spot When blossoms of more varied dyes
Where chance has fix’d thy lowly lot. Shall ope their tints to warmer skies.

—Bernard Barton.

ET cheerfulness on happy fortune wait,

And give not thus the counter-time to fate.

—Dryden.

J0L oN

gat

3D

5 seer
= ors:

Crown Amperital,

Sritillaria wmperialis. Narurat Orver: Liliacee—Lily Family.

MPERIAL chessboard is the significance of the name of this
s plant. Persia, a land of roses, of beautiful women, and of
i ‘kingly power in one of its most arbitrary forms, gave it birth;
and, in selecting a floral emblem of imperial sovereignty,
there is an appropriateness in choosing a native of that coun-
try, which gave birth to one of the earliest of the world’s
great emperors, Cyrus, and where also a despotism worse than his
still prevails. The root of the Crown Imperial is bulbous, and when
placed in the ground should remain undisturbed for years if possible.
The lower leaves are long and narrow, like most lilies. The flower
stalk rises to the height of from three to four feet without leafage, and
“on the summit appear numerous large, bell-shaped flowers, surrounding
the stem in a circle, the mouth of the flower turned downward. Sur-
mounting these is a tuft of narrow leaves, which appear in fine contrast
to the brilliant color of the blossom, which is red or yellow.

Amperial Power,

H! not a minute, king, thy power can give;
Shorten my days thou canst with sullen sorrow,
And pluck nights from me, but not lend a morrow;
Thou canst help Time to furrow me with age,
But stop no wrinkle in his pilgrimage;
Thy word is current with him, for my death;

But dead, thy kingdom cannot buy my breath.
—Shakespeare.

HIS was a truth to us extremely trite, H! covet not the throne and crown,
Not so to her who ne’er had heard such things; Sigh not for rule and state;
She deemed her least command must yield delight, The wise would fling the scepter down,
Earth being only made for queens and kings. And shun the palace gate.
—Byron. —Eliza Cook,
E is a king,
A true, right king, that dares do aught, save wrong.
f —Marston,
102
a any
pe -R5—eL aie saat

Cuphea.

Cuphea viscosissima. Naturar Orver: Lythracee—Loosestrife Family.

,sima, while the Greek word kuphea denotes gibbous or
¥ curved, from the shape of the calyx. The flowers appear
singly at the axils of the leaves, the seed capsule bursting before
ripe. The Cuphea platycentra (broad-centered) is a foreign variety grown

itself to nearly all locations. Its flowers are small, scarlet, and tubular,
* with a black and white tip.

Qupatiency,

OST thou so hunger for my empty chair,
That thou wilt needs invest thee with my honors
Before thy hour bé ripe? —Shakespeare.

NOTHING rash, my sire! By all that ’s good

Let me invoke thee —no precipitation. —Coleridge.
66 AY, let me in,” said she, On a mission, on a mission,
“Before the rest are free, To declare the coming vision.
In my loneness, in my loneness, See mine, a holy heart,
All the fairer for that oneness. To high ends set apart,—
For I would lonely stand, All unmated, all unmated,
Uplifting my white hand, Because so consecrated.”

—Elizabeth Barrett Browning.
PREAD the sails! behold!
The sinking moon is like a watchtower blazing
Over the mountain yet;—the City of Gold
Yon cape alone does from the sight withhold;
The stream is fleet—the north breathes steadily
Beneath the stars, they tremble with the cold!
Ye cannot rest upon the dreary sea!—

Haste, haste to the warm home of happy destiny.
—Shelly,

10
3 5 i

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i

Currant.

Ribes rubrmm. Narurat Orver: Grossulariacee —Currant Family.

4 OTANICALLY named from a misapplied Arabic word, and
vernacularly from Corinth in Greece, with which it has no
special connection, while even the qualifying Latin epithet,
rubrum (red) is a misnomer, as not only red but white cur-
rants are included, it must be confessed this excellent shrub
§,24lhas been unfortunate in its godfathers. It is, however, quite
‘C familiar to everyone, or if not they have missed one of the blisses
& of childhood in lying under its branches to pluck the bright, gleaming
Hi, fruit, hanging like strung rubies in such clusters and bountiful abundance,
> filled with a healthful and agreeable wine-like juice. The flowers are a
delicate green, and would be pretty if of some brilliant tint. The yellow
Currant, that grows wild in Missouri and Oregon, is grown as a garden
shrub, for the bright and cheering flowers that appear so early in spring-
time, and like the robin, are among nature’s earliest harbingers of her
awakening, and of earth’s returning joy.

J

Vou Please Atl.

ER every tone is music’s own, like those of morning birds,
And something more than melody dwells ever in her words;
The coinage of her heart are they, and from her lips each flows,

As one may see the burden’d bee forth issue from the rose.
—Edward C. Pinkney.

HY words had such a melting flow, H! simple is the spell, I ween,
And spoke the truth so sweetly well, That doth that grace impart;
They drop’d like heaven’s serenest snow, It dwells its own sweet self within —

And all was brightness where they fell! Tt is—a loving heart!
—Moore. z —Mrs. Osgood,

LL are lovely, all blossom of heart and of mind;
All true to their natures, as Nature designed;
To cheer and to solace, to strengthen, caress,

And with love that can die not to buoy and to bless.
—William Howitt,

104 1

wg.

ui
Cyclamen,

\ Cyclamen erstcum. Narurar Orver: Primulacee—Primrose Family.

4 like the others of the same genus, is a bulbous (or, as some
# botanists call it, tuberous) plant, because the root or bulb is
* solid, like a turnip, while the true bulb is composed of layers,
ty like the onion, or scales, like most lilies. In cultivation they

rap "sshould have less. There are but few varieties, and it is difficult to
£ of make choice of one possessing advantages above another, except in
don time of flowering—a few blooming in winter, others in summer. The
Wt" foliage of some is rich and varied; others send up their flowers from
rf ’ the bare bulb before the leaves appear. The Cyclamen Persicum
GS, blooms from January to April, the C. hederafolium from September
<6) to December, and the C. Neapolitanum from July to September; so
with one of each, one could have blossoms almost the whole year. The word
Cyclamen comes from the Greek word kwklos, a circle, because after the flower
has withered and the seed pods appear, the stalk or stem begins to curl like the

tendril of a vine, until the seed vessel is drawn down to and under the ground
where it ripens.

Ditfidente.

eee from the swéet confusion some new grace

Blushed out by stealth and languished in her face.
—Eusden.

UT cyclamen I choose to give, Y lady comes at last,
Whose pale-white blossoms at the tips Timid and stepping fast,
(All else as driven snow) are pink, And hastening hither.
And mind me of her perfect lips; With modest eyes downcast
Still, till this flower is kept and old, She comes! she’s here! she’s past!
Its worth to love is yet untold. May heaven go with her!

William Makepeace Thackery.
NTO the ground she cast her modest. eye,

ae arr Pa
es 2

And, ever and anon, with rosy red,
i The bashful blush her snowy cheeks did dye. — Spenser. !
105 D

Cypress.

Taxodium distpclhum. Natura Orver: Conifere—Pine Family. '

on (ae HE scepter of Jupiter is said to have been made from the

* wood of this tree, being symbolical of the eternity of his
| as the wood is almost imperishable. It is one of the
| largest trees of the forest, having light green, open foliage,
resembling the yew. ‘There are large swamps of it in the
Southern States. The timber is light and durable. It is
aia that the Athenian heroes and mummies of Egypt were deposited
in coffins made of it, and the Romans and all succeeding nations
have associated it with mourning and graveyards. Shakespeare and
. innumerable other poets have immortalized its emblematic meaning.

Sorrow,

E of comfort, and your heavy sorrow
Part equally among us; storms divided, .

Abate their force, and with less rage, are guided. ‘
—Heywood,
HY dost thou come to me, sorrow? H! weary years, ye have crushed my hopes,
Why dost thou darken my soul? The altar fire burns dim and low;
Why dost thou point to a morrow In sorrow’s night my spirit gropes,
Engraven on destiny’s scroll? Her smiting shadow on my brow.
—O. G. Hughan. —Edith Malcolm.

FTER singing, silence; after roses, thorns;
All the blackest midnights built o’er golden morns;
After flowering, fading; bitter after sweet;
Yellow, withered stubble, after waving wheat.

—Howard Glyndon,
N my bosom sorrow reigneth, O there are, amid earth’s pleasures,
Soul and sense are sick with care; Hours of bitter gloom and grief;
Bitterly my heart complaineth, When her dearest worldly treasures
At the load it needs to bear. Bring us, sorrowing, no relief.
—P. W. Russell.
NARLING sorrow hath less power to bite
The man that mocks at it, and sets it light.
—Shakespeare.
106 a

Daffodil.

Natcissus pseudo~narcissus. Naturat Orper: Amaryllidacee—Amaryllis Family.

fm

\ URING the early spring, as soon as the frost begins to leave
\@, the ground, among the first green things to appear are the

Sate of the tapering leaves of this plant, in company with

supposed the odor of some of them possess sodorific influence when
inhaled. They require a.more than ordinarily rich soil, and the bulbs
should be renewed when they begin to deteriorate through age.

sifike Chivalry.

HE champions all of high degree,
Who knighthood loved, and deeds of chivalry,
Throng’d to the lists, and envied to behold
The names of others, not their own, enroll’d.

—Dryden.

E ye call great: mine is the firmer seat, E is a man setting his fate aside,

The truer lance; but there is many a youth Of comely virtues:
Now present, who will come to all I am Nor did he soil the fact with cowardice
And overcome it; and in me there dwells (An honor in him, which buys out his fault),
No greatness, save it be some far-off touch But, with a noble fury, and fair spirit,
Of greatness to know well I am not great. Seeing his reputation touch’d to death,

Shennyson. He did oppose his foe. — Shakespeare.

HEY reel, they roll in clanging lists, HE daffodil most dainty is,

And when the tide of combat stands, To match with these in meetness;
Perfume and flowers fall in showers, The columbine compared to this,

That lightly rain from ladies’ hands. All much alike for sweetness.

—Tennyson. —WNicholas Drayton.

) IS much he dares;

And to that dauntless temper of his mind,

— Shakespeare.

\ He hath a wisdom that doth guide his valor.
in

107

ar
xemers

Dahlia,

Dahlia vartabiles, Narurat OrverR: Composite —Aster Family.

=NDREW DAHL, a native of Sweden, the friend and pupil of
Linnzus, was honored by having this magnificent flower
named for him. It was introduced into Spain by the Span-
iards about the year 1789, from the sandy plains of South
Les America, and Humboldt, one of the world’s most-observing,

enthusiastic and scientific discoverers, found it growing on
the elevated plateaux of Mexico. Under cultivation it sports into a
» variety of hues, blooming freely from midsummer until late in fall.
¥~ The blossom is very symmetrical in shape, and each petal is arranged
in the most exquisite order, one layer above another, forming a most _

beautiful rosette. The roots are removed from the ground as soon as
the foliage is destroyed by frost, and kept in a dry, warm cellar until

spring.

Dignity.

HERE ambition of place goes before fitness
Of birth, contempt and disgrace follow.

—Chapman.
ERE the supercilious dahlia I, stooping, kissed the blossom
In imperial splendor shone, The proud dahlia seemed to scorn,
While, beneath, the white-crowned daisy, Feeling that within my bosom
Unobtrusive, bloomed alone; A new impulse had been born.

—Lucy M. Sanford,

KNOW myself now, and I feel within me

A peace above all earthly dignities;
A still and quiet conscience. The king has cur'd me,
I humble thank his grace; and from these shoulders,
These ruin’d pillars, out of pity taken
A load would sink a navy; too much honor:
O °tis a burden, Cromwell, ’tis a burden,

Too heavy for a man that hopes for heaven.
—Shakespeare.

1 108 a i

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HILD of the year! that ‘round dost run Thy long-lost praise thou shalt regain,
Thy pleasant course,— when day ’s begun, Nor be less dear to future men
As ready to salute the sun Than in old time;—thou not in vain
As lark or leveret — Art nature’s favorite. —Wordsworth.

TAR of the mead! sweet daughter of the day, Sweet daisy, flower of love, when birds are paired,

Whose opening flower invites the morning ray, Tis sweet to see thee, with thy bosom bared,
From the moist cheek and bosom’s chilly fold Smiling in virgin innocence serene,
To kiss the tears of eve, the dew drops cold! Thy pearly crown above thy vest of green.
—Dr. Leyden,

“=a
|
Daisy.

Bellis peremus. Narurar Orver: Composite — Aster Family.

fs ELLIS, the botanical name, is from the Latin Jde/lus, pretty,
and the French name marguerite, from the Latin margarita,
a pearl; while the English name is from the Saxon deges-ege,
day’s eye, as it opens early in the morning. It is a delightful
little plant, blooming freely throughout the spring and summer
Breet, and used in medizval times to be worn by ladies and
é ’ knights when they frequented the tournament. Alcestis, wife of
al Admetus, king of Pherae, in Thessaly, was called the daisy queen, as she

was supposed to have been transformed into this ‘flower.

Sunacence and Beauty.

NNOCENT maid, and snow-white flower;
Well are ye pair’d in your opening hour;
Thus should the pure and lovely, meet,

Stainless with stainless, and sweet with sweet.
—Whittier.

HE daisy scatter’d on each mead and down,
A golden tuft within a silver crown;
Fair fall that dainty flower! and may there be
No shepherd graced that doth not honor thee!

—Browne.

Y dimpled brook and fountain brim,
The wood-nymphs, deck’d with daisies trim,

Their merry wakes and pastimes keep. —Milton. '

sae 2 =< 1

Dandelion,

Taraxacum dengs-leonis. Naturat Orver: Composite—Aster Family.

Nae eee

English words; thus, Dandelion is from the French dent de
ion, this being itself from the Latin dens leonts—each signi-
fying lion’s tooth, because of the indéntation of the leaves;
but the e in the original first word is changed to a, because
that approaches nearer to the sound than does our e. There
are two species of this plant: the one above named, and one called the
Dwarf Dandelion, the Latin name of which is Kriegia Virginica, named
after Dr. Daniel Krieg, an eminent German botanist, who visited this

“Re quent through the grass. The stalks are round and hollow, bearing
each a single flower; and the seeds, when ripe, possess a globular fringe of
feathery down, which buoys them up, and they float off like the thistle seed on
the surrounding air. In spring, when the leaves are tender, they are boiled and
dressed for the table.

Vouthtut Recollections.

ANDELION, with globe of down,
The schoolboy’s clock in every town,
Which the truant puffs amain,

yO
Nate

To conjure lost hours back again. —Howitt.
HINE full many a pleasing bloom Te singing of the happy birds
Of blossoms lost to all perfume; Again I like to hear:
Thine the dandelion flowers, They carry back my memory
Gilt with dew like sun with showers. To many a bygone year.
—Clare. —S. A. Munson.
HE sunny days of childhood Yet memory, ever in delight,
In simple joys are passed; Turns to those happy hours,
And, like the early summer flower, When skies above were ever bright,
Too frail and fair to last. The pathway strewn with flowers. i
fa —William R. Lawrence.
Sp, IIo ti
Jo has

Daphne,

Daphne odorata, Narurar Orver: Thymelacee—Mezereum Family.

28
OST of the Daphnes are from those distant climes so rich
\% and luxuriant in all forms of vegetation, Southern Africa,

China and Australia; but few of the species being dis-
f seminated in other countries. They are worthy a choice

ayer ya Me

“ay?

ber and lasting until spring. The foliage is beautiful and evergreen,
the flowers white, abundant and fragrant. Some of the varieties
have rosy purple, and the Daphne oleoides lilac, blossoms. All are
highly odoriferous. The name is derived from the nymph Daphne,
beloved of Apollo, who was changed into this plant to escape his
pursuit.

. Sweets to thy Sweet.

HILE writing verses for my love, I looked up from the paper,

And there she stood! I rose in haste, and overturned the taper.
“How careless to put out the light!” she said. “Is it surprising,”

I answered, “that I quenched my lamp when I saw the sun arising?”
—Heine.

O gild refined gold, to paint the lily, ieee first I saw my darling’s face,
To throw a perfume on the violet, I know I did not see the grace
To smooth the ice, or add another hue That afterward, unbidden,
Unto the rainbow, or with taper light, Seemed filling all her dainty form,
To seek the beauteous eye of heaven to garnish, As day by day, love, gently born,
Is wasteful and ridiculous excess. —stakespeare. Disclosed some trait long hidden. _coc

A LOVELIER nymph the pencil never drew,
For the fond Graces form’d her easy mien,

And heaven's soft azure in. her eye was seen.

—Hayley.
HE hath the art, ma belle, For me, between her voice
To praise most sweetly well, And all songs were there choice,
Yet only in love’s service doth she use it. Always ’twould well rejoice my soul to choose it.
—Edgar Fawcett.

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Daruel,

Lolium perenne, Natura, Orver: Graminee—Grass Family.

in cultivated fields and meadows, and is sometimes called Ray
or Rye Darnel. It is of perennial growth, the stalk being
from one to two feet in height. The Poisonons Darnel is
a plant similar to the above in appearance, the seeds, which

are poisonous, distinguishing it from all other grasses or
grains, as it is the only one recognized with that pernicious quality.
The seeds of the first species, in their arrangement on the stem,
resemble the elaborate stitches in needlework called herringbone.

Virg.

HEN vice prevails and impious men bear sway,

The post of honor is a private station. — Addison.
IN, like a bee, unto thy hive may bring HERE dwelleth in the sinlessness of youth
A little honey, but expect the sting. —watkyus. A sweet rebuke that vice may not endure.

—Mrs, Embury,
O penance can absolve our guilty fame,
Nor tears, that wash out sin, can wash out shame.

—Prior.
H, me! from real happiness we stray, ROWS are fair with crows;
By vice bewilder’d; vice, which always leads, Custom in sin gives sin a lovely dye;

However fair at first, to wilds of woe. —Thompson. Blackness in Moors is no deformity. —Dedfer,

\

Pee and fraud grow up in every soil,

The products of all climes. —Addison.
NE’ER heard yet, ye is a monster of so frightful mien,
That any of these bolder vices wanted As to be hated needs but to be seen;
Less impudence to gainsay what they did, Yet seen too oft, familiar with her face,
Than to perform at first. —Shakespeare. We first endure, then pity, then embrace.

—-Pope.
Ce all the advantage prosperous vice attains,
Tis but what virtue flies from, and disdains.
—Pope.
fps 112 :
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Day Lily,

Hemerocallis fulva. Narurar Orper: Liliaceae —Lily Family.

Q EMEROCALLIS, meaning, in Greek, the beauty of a day,
is a very handsome plant, and although the flowers perish

S)/ Al , There are three species of the Day Lilies. The first is an

inhabitant of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean,
Bye : and has large, red flowers on a tall, naked stalk. Another
<a not so tall is from Liberia, with bright yellow blossoms. The third
Yo was imported from Japan, and produces white flowers on long foot-
stalks.

a
2
Cayuetry.
UT when I plead, she bids me play my part;
And when I weep, she says tears are but water;
And when I sigh, she says I know the art;
And when I wail, she turns herself to laughter;

So do I weep and wail, and plead in vain,
While she as steel and flint doth still remain.

ad
coh

— Spenser.
HEN in a kiss she breath’d her various arts The stare for strangeness, fit for scorn the frown,
Of trifling prettily with wounded hearts; For decent yielding, looks declining down;
A mind for love, but still a changing mind, The practic’d languish where well-feign’d desire
The lisp affected, and the glance design’d, Would own its melting in a mutual fire;
The sweet confusing blush, the secret wink, ‘ Gay smiles for comfort, April showers to move
The gentle, swimming walk, the courteous sink, And all the nature all the art of love.
—Parnell,
HERE’S danger in the dazzling eye,
That woos thee with its witching smile,
Another, when thou art not by,
Those beaming looks would fain beguile.
—Mrs. Osgood,
OR such are the airs Yet a partial neglect
Of these fanciful fairs, Soon takes an effect,
They think all our homage a debt; And humbles the proudest coquette.
f : —Byron. ti
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01-5

AeaMly Dightshatle,

Atvopa Belladonna. Narurar Orver: Solanacee— Nightshade Family.

7 ATE personified (not as one, but threefold) was described in
} ancient Greek mythology as three women with robes of
as" ermine, as white as snow, bordered around with purple.
‘The first is named Clotho, the second, Lachesis, and the
third, Atropos (literally, not turning), because she is immuta-
Kiso ble and unalterable. “To them is intrusted the manage-

ment of the thread of life: for Clotho draws the thread between
3 her fingers; Lachesis turns the wheel; and Atropos cuts the thread.
That is, Clotho gives life and brings into the world, Lachesis deter-

our lives.” The flower of this plant is of a pale purple, the berries
of a glossy black, freely charged with a purple juice. The whole
plant is poisonous, especially the berries. Fortunately it is not
naturalized in the United States.

Death.

EATH is the crown of life:
Were death deny’d, poor men would live in vain;
Were death deny’d, to live would not’ be life; mae
Were death deny’d, ev’n fools would wish to die.
7 —Young.
EATH ’s but a path that must be trod, Bi Seg bad man’s death is horror; but the just
If man would ever pass to God. Keeps something of his glory in his dust.
—Parnell. —Babbing ton.
HE world recedes; it disappears!

Heav’n opens on my eyes! my ears

With sounds seraphic ring. —Pope.
BREATHE in the face of a maiden, And round them my pinions enclose;
I kiss the soft mouth of a rose; I love them so well that they die;
Yet not that I hate them, but love them, Yet my heart with their sorrow is laden,

\ My black wings are spread forth above them, And sad with their cry. —Ellis. ii
(A II a
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Aadder,

Cuscuta epilinmm. Narurar Orver: Convolvulacee —Convolvulus Family.

> UROPE is the native seat of the Dodders, which are of several
kinds, yet so similar in nature that the description of one
“gives an idea of all. This plant is an inhabitant of the
fields, being destitute of foliage, having a reddish orange stem
of a parasitical nature—that is, having no power of provid-
ing nutriment for itself, as it depends upon some neighboring
& plant around which it twines. The root then decays, when it receives
its nourishment from the plant that supports it, by means of small
projecting filaments, with which it penetrates them, absorbing their
juices. This particular species grows on flax, whence its name, from
the Greek ef, on, and “non, flax; the origin of the name Cuscuta is

unknown. The flowers are a yellowish white.

Baseness.

F the tears I shed were tongues, yet all too few would be,
To tell of all the treachery that thou hast shown to me.

—Bryaunt,
OR vicious natures, when they once begin HE proudest of you all
To take distaste, and purpose no requital, Have been beholden to him in his life:
The greater debt they owe, the more they hate. Yet none of you would once plead for his fife.
—Thomas May. —Shakespeare.
COULD stand upright
Against the tyranny of age and fortune;
But the sad weight of such ingratitude
Will crush me into earth. Denham.
HAVE been base; ISHONOR waits on perfidy. The villain
Base ev’n to him from whom I did receive Should blush to think a falsehood; ’tis the crime
All that a son could to a father give: Of cowards. —C. Fohnson.

Behold me punish’d in the self-same kind;

Th’ ungrateful does a more ungrateful find. BE how’ be sete hie sommlemantce for secelt

—Dryden. And promises a lie before he speaks. —Dryden,

a
hs.

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pes 115 oo

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—Dryden.
HERE still exists a rank which far transcends Though homely be its garb, though coarse its fare,
The stars and coronets that shine in courts: And though it live unnoticed by the crowd;
It takes no sounding name to make men stare; Still, spite of fashion’s fools, the honest man
No blazoning heraldry proclaims its pomp; Is yet the highest noble of the land!
Its modest title is, plain honesty. Altes Bell.
ii levee and glory were given to cherish;
Cherish them, then, though all else should decay;
Landmarks be these, that are never to perish,
Stars that will shine on the duskiest day.
—From the German,
HE gentle mind by gentle deeds is known, UT let not all the gold which Tagus hides,
For man by nothing is so well bewrayed And pays the sea in tributary tides,
As by his manners, in which plain is shown Be bribe sufficient to corrupt thy breast,
Of what degree and what race he is grown. Or violate with dreams thy peaceful rest.
i — Spenser. —Dryden, ’

i

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Dogwood,

@Gornus floridta. Narurat Orver: Cornacee—Dogwood Family.

<7o]; ROWING in our Northern States, and generally throughout
E the temperate zone, this tree is well known. Anyone living
near woodlands must be familiar with its white blossoms that
lie like a pall of snow over the tree. It is about twenty or
twenty-five feet in height, the body being small and covered
“* with a rough bark, which possesses excellent tonic properties,
similar to the celebrated barks of the cinchona trees of Peru, and
known as Peruvian or Jesuit’s bark, as it was first introduced into
medical practice by the missionaries of that society. The name is

Hanesty trug Qobrtity.

ACH thought was visible that roll’d within,
As through a crystal case the figured hours are seen;
And heaven did this transparent veil provide
Because she had no guilty thought to hide.

q

eyo
— hes

Aragon’s Claw,

Corallorhiza odontorhiza. Narurart Orpver: Orchidacee—Orchis Family.

23N old woods, from Canada to Carolina and Kentucky, this
singular plant may be found. It consists in a collection of
small, fleshy tubers, connecting and branching like coral,
whence it is called Coral root, which is a literal translation
of its Greek botanical name; while odontorhiza in the same

é : language signifies tooth root. It -has no leaves or verdant
ao foliage, the flower stalk being fleshy, about a foot high, with a num-

Nake ber of flowers in a long spike. The color of the blossom is brownish
Gri green, with a white lip spotted with purple. It usually grows in old
" ve woodlands throughout the northern and middle States.

6 Danger.

OOD I would now repay with greater good,
Remain within —trust to thy household gods
And to my word for safety, if thou dost
As I now counsel — but if not, thou art lost!

—Byron.
PEAK, speak, let terror strike slaves mute, E that stands upon a slippery place
Much danger makes great hearts most resolute. Makes nice of no vile hold to stay him up.
—Marston. —Shakespeare.

HUS have I shun’d the fire for fear of burning;
And drench’d me in the sea, where I am drown’d.

—Shakespeare.
UR dangers and delights are near allies; HE absent danger greater still appears,
From the same stem the rose and prickle rise. Less fears he who is near the thing he fears.
—Aleyn. —Daniel,
HOU little know’st
What he can brave, who, born and nurst
In danger’s paths, has dared her worst!
—Moore.
OW I will unclasp a secret book, As full of peril and advent’rous spirit,
And to your quick-conceiving discontents As to o’erwalk a current, roaring loud,
Ill read you matter deep and dangerous; On the unsteadfast footing of a spear!
\ —Shakespeare. R
hat

ye 114 =

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DAwart Pink.

Houstonia cerulea. Narurar Orpver: Rubiacee—Madder Family.

ILLIAM HOUSTON, M:D., the friend and correspondent
» of the botanist Miller, has received the distinction of having
lethe name of this elegant little plant changed in his honor.
#. It was formerly called Hedyotis from the Greek hedus, sweet,
I Y and ofz, to the ear, from its supposed value in curing deafness.
é *, Its flowers are a pale blue with a yellowish center, and when
e ~ found in large patches, as it sometimes is, it gives the ground quite a
se ccerulean tinge: The Dwarf Pinks are found usually in low, moist grounds
by the roadsides and in the fields, blooming during most of the summer.

Some of the other varieties have pink or white flowers.

Aunocency,

HE bloom of opening flowers’ unsullied beauty,
Softness and sweetest innocence she wears,

And looks like nature in the world’s first spring.

—fowe.
HE angels watch the good and innocent, OPE may sustain, and innocence impart
And where they gaze it must be glorious. Her sweet specific to the fearless heart.
—Mrs. Hale. —Sprague.

'

ISFORTUNE may benight the wicked; she

Who knows no guilt, can sink beneath no fear.

—Habbing ton.
AIR sunbright scene! — Danced happy childhood, hand in hand with Joy,
(Not sunny all—ah! no)—I love to dwell, And dove-eyed Innocence, (unwaken'd yet
Seeking repose and rest, on that green track, Their younger sister Hope), while flowers sprang up
Your farthest verge, along whose primrose path Printing the fairy footsteps as they passed.

—Mrs, Southey,

APPY the innocent whose equal thoughts
Are free from anguish as they are from faults.

—Waller,
AM arm’d with innocence, NNOCENCE shall make
Less penetrable than the steel-ribb’d coats False accusation blush, and tyranny
That harness round thy warriors. --Madden. Tremble at patience. —Shakespeare,
118
a) tS
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«2

Ayer’s deed,

Reseda luteola. Narurar Orver: Resedacee—Vignonette Family.

Bs
Fe

as “NOWN familiarly as the Dyer’s Weed, but botanically by the
"Latin words reseda, from its medicinal value in assuaging pain,

and /uteola, yellow, from the dye which it furnishes, sometimes
called Dutch pink, this plant is of the same species as our
mix well-known garden favorite, the mignonette. Both are mostly
SZ native on the coast of the Mediterranean; this one, however,
has become partially naturalized in the United States. It is said
that its flowers follow the course of the sun, inclining east, south and

~ west by day, and north by night.

Design.

v
>
HEN men’s intents are wicked, their guilt haunts them,
But when they are just, they’re armed, and nothing daunts them.
—Middleton.
URPOSE is but the slave to memory, CTIONS rare and sudden do commonly
Of violent birth, but poor validity ; Proceed from fierce necessity: or else
Which now like fruits unripe, stick on the tree, From some oblique design, which is asham’d
But fall unshaken when they mellow be. To show itself in the public road.
—Shakespeare. —Sir Wm. Davenant,
OU have sent so many posts
Of undertakings, they outride performance;
And make me think your fair pretences aim
At some intended ill, which my prevention
Must strive to avert. —WNabb.
ONEST designs justly resemble our devotions, HEN any great design thou dost intend,
Which we must pay, and wait for the reward. Think on the means, the manner and the end.
—Sir Robert Howard. : —Denham.
RING, therefore, all the forces that you may,
And lay incessant battery to her heart;
Plaints, prayers, vows, ruth, and sorrow, and dismay,
These engines can the proudest love convert. —Spenser. vi
> 119 &
my NS
ivan acer

goer <

Lbhenaster,

Diospyros ebenus, Narurat Orver: Eébenacee —Ebony family.

NE hundred and sixty species, most of which are found within
The Ebony is the
wood of the above named; and some others which are found
in Madagascar and Ceylon. .

the tropics, are included in this order.

Its usual colors are green, black
and red, the black being the most valuable when free from
It is often
used in the manufacture of chess-men and toys, and is also suitable

rind or veins, and is of a very astringent taste.
for inlaid or mosaic work. In its green or unseasoned state it readily
ignites, owing to the abundance of grease it contains, and, if placed
on burning coals, yields an agreeable perfume.
in his “Eight Years in Ceylon,” says: “The Ebony grows in great
perfection and large quantity. The tree is at once distinguished from
the surrounding stems by its smaller diameter and its sooty trunk.
The bark is crisp, jet-black, and has the appearance of being charred. Beneath
the bark the wood is perfectly white until the heart is reached, which is the fine
black ebony of commerce.”

Tight.

LEEP chains the earth, the bright stars glide on high,
Filling with one effulgent smile the sky;
And all is hush’d so still, so silent there,

That one might hear an angel wing the air.
—Mrs. Lewis.

H, Night! most beautiful, most rare! IGHT is the time when nature seems
Thou giv’st the heavens their holiest hue!
And through the azure fields of air

Bring’st down the golden dew! °

God’s silent worshiper,
And ever with a chastened heart
In unison with her.

For thou, with breathless lips apart, I lay me on my peaceful couch,

Didst stand in that dim age afar,
And hold upon thy trembling heart
Messiah’s herald star!

The day’s dull cares. resigned,
And let my heart fold up like flowers
In the twilight of the mind.

Sir Samuel W. Baker, -

—T. B. Read. —Sarah F. Clark.
a 120
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Dm
Marae

ELglantine.

Rosa rubiginosa. Narurat Orver: Rosacea— Rose Family.

s

cyfi$y. ripe is orange red.

Home.

OME is the sphere of harmony and peace,
The spot where angels find a resting place,

When, bearing blessings, they descend to earth.
—Mrs. Hale.

I/TSIS sweet to hear the watchdog’s honest bark OME is the resort

Bay deep-mouth’d welcome as we draw near home; Of love, of joy, of peace and plenty, where,
’Tis sweet to know there is an eye will mark Supporting and supported, polish’d friends
Our coming, and look brighter when we come. And dear relations mingle into bliss.

—Byron.

LOVE that dear old home! my mother lived there
Her first sweet married years, and last sad widow’d ones.
The sunlight there seems to me brighter far
Than wheresoever else. I know the forms
Of every tree and mountain, hill and dell;
Its waters gurgle like a tongue I know;—
\ It is my home. —Mrs. Frances K, Butler.

*; USTY ROSE is the literal meaning of the Latin botanical name
of this shrubby plant, the epithet rusty being applied because of
¥<¢ the parasitic fungus that attaches to it. Familiarly known as
the Sweetbrier, or Eglantine, it is one of our sweetest native
— CE op Toses, so simple and unpretending that it has a home in the
SU) WZ, ““s=l hearts of all lovers of plants. A golden Eglantine, a violet
ys and marigold constituted the three prizes at the Floral Games of Tou-

\f louse, the most ancient in Europe, which still survive, with the addition
of four other prizes, after the lapse of more than four hundred years.
Planted beneath our windows and around our doors, it freights the
atmosphere with its odor, and gratifies the eye with its delicate blos-
soms. There are many varieties cultivated, some of which are double.
Its stem is armed with stout thorns, and the color of the berry when

—Thompson.

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emer as

hy gfe.

Sty yn Pic ee ae

7 arr
= a

i Bide,

Sambucus Canadensis. Narurar Orper: Caprifoliacee — Honeysuckle Family.

wot 3
Sage =

SIS wa, AMED botanically Sambucus, this shrub is known in Denmark
RY ig as the A7/y/de, and in England and America as the Elder. Its

scientific name is closely related to sambuca, a musical instru-
ment of the Romans made from the wood of the Elder, trian-

RRC CRT

gular in shape, and crossed with strings, the music of which
‘XO was held in little esteem, as its tones were. sharp and shrill
in quality. It is found in thickets in the United States and Canada,
growing about old stumps and fence corners. ‘The flowers are small
and of a creamy white, bloom in large clusters as broad as a plate,
and have a heavy, sweetish odor, though not disagreeable. The ber-
ries are round and of a dark purple color, and full of juice; they are
used for pies, preserves, and also canned for winter use.

feat,

N duty prompt at ev’ry call,
He watch’d and wept, he prayed and felt, for all;
And as a bird each fond endearment tries
To tempt its new-fledged offspring to the skies,
He tried each art, reproved each dull delay,

Allured to brighter worlds, and led the way.
—Goldsmith.

RESS bravely onward! not in vain HERE zeal holds on its even course,
Your generous trust in human kind; Blind rage and bigotry retire:
The good which bloodshed could not gain Knowledge assists, not checks, its force,
Your peaceful zeal shall find. And prudence guides, not damps, its fire.
: —Whittier. —F. Wesley.

PREAD out earth’s holiest records here,
Of days and deeds to reverence dear;
A zeal like this what pious legends tell?

— Sprague.
N such a theme ’twere impious to be calm, EAL and duty are not slow,
Passion is reason, transport, temper, here. But on occasion’s forelock watchful wait.
f ( —Young. —Milton. '
th, ar al
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Luchanter’s Wightshade,

Civeea Lutetiana. Narurar Orver: Onagracee— Evening Primrose Family.

a}
ps Paris was known to Julius Caesar, and Lutetiana is therefore
S/F 6 | fe equivalent to Parisian. Circe was, according to heathen my-
sz PA\;-2thology, the wife of the king of the Sarmatians, whom she

a poisoned, and for which she was banished by her subjects.
She fled to Italy, and fell in love with Glaucus, a sea-god,
who was in love with Scylla. Circe poisoned the water in which
Scylla bathed, and thus turned her into a sea-monster. The two words
», constitute the botanical name of this plant, which is found in our own
country from Carolina to Illinois. It grows in damp, shady places.
Its flowers are rose color, and small; its fruit is inversely heart-shaped,
having conspicuous hooks.

Sarcery.

F you can look into the seeds of time,
‘And say which grain will grow and which will not,
Speak then to me, who neither beg nor fear

Your favors, nor your hates. —Shakespeare.

ITTXIS thine to sing, how, framing hideous spells Their destin’d glance some fated youth descry,

In Sky’s lone isle, the gifted wizard seer, Who now, perhaps, in lusty vigor seen,
Lodg’d in the wintry cave with fate’s fell spear, And rosy health, shall soon lamented die —
Or in the depths of Uist’s dark forest dwells; For them the viewless forms of air obey;
How they, whose sight such dreary dreams engross, Their bidding heed, and at their beck repair,
With their own vision oft astonish’d droop; They know what spirit brews the stormful day,
When, o’er the watery strath or quaggy moss, And heartless, oft like moody madness, stare
They see the gliding ghosts unbodied troop. To see the phantom train their secret works
Or, if in sports, or on the festive green, repair. —Collins.

ITY me! I am she whom man
Hath hated since ever the world began;
I soothe his brain in the night of pain,

But at morning he waketh—and all is vain. i

i —Barry Cornwall, 4
123 ba

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EBudine,

Cichorium endiva. Narurar Orver: Composite — Aster Family.
®

‘, CATTERED widely throughout Europe and America, though
a native of the East Indies, the Endive is of the same genus as

the Chicory, already described on page 82. Its name in the
vernacular is a formation from the Latin name zntybus. It is an
» annual of a hardy nature, and is often cultivated for and forms
an excellent salad, but is more used abroad than in America.
, It is of value in medicine, possessing cooling and anti-scorbutic prop-
erties, and French physicians use it as a remedy for jaundice. The
leaves are a dark green and much curled.

() editing,

ETTER to hunt in fields for health unbought,
Than fee the doctor for a nauseous draught,
The wise for cure on exercise depend,
God never made His work for man to mend.

—Dryden.

E own that numbers join with care and skill, The starts of passion, the reproach of pain;

A temperate judgment, a devoted will; With hearts affected, but with looks serene,
Men who suppress their feelings, but who feel Intent they wait through all the solemn scene,
The painful symptoms they delight to heal; Glad if a hope should rise from nature’s strife
Patient in all their trials, they sustain To aid their skill and save a lingering life.

— Crabbe.
HEN nature cannot work, the effect of art is void,
For physic can but mend our crazy state,
Patch an old building, not a new create.
—Dryden.
E intent on somewhat that may ease HE ingredients of health and long life are
Unhealthy mortals, and with curious search Great temperance, open air,
Examines all the properties of herbs. Easy labor, little care.
—YFohn Philips. —Sir Philip Sidney.
MICKLE is the powerful grace that lies
In plants, herbs, stones, and their true qualities. dt
—Shakespeare.

nie = ak

Euglish Moss,

Sedum acre. Naturar Orver: Crassulacee—Orpine Family.

& the crevices of bare rocks, and, as the Latin name indicates,

would seem to be sitting there. The English Moss, which

“is so often called Wall Pepper, is frequently cultivated as a

i, border for flower beds, and as an ornament to old walls,

: “the surface of which it soon covers, as it spreads rapidly

=f. “.and requires so little for sustenance. The whole plant contains an
[, acrid juice. The flowers are yellow.

Fortitude,

: HEN the whole host of hatred stood hard by,
is ce, To watch and mock thee shrinking, thou hast smiled
ra With a sedate and all-enduring eye;

When fortune fled her spoiled and favorite child,

He stood unbowed beneath the ills upon him piled.

—Byron.
HE star of the unconquered will, O fear not in a world like this,
He rises in my breast, And thou shalt know ere long —
Serene, and resolute, and still, Know how sublime a thing it is
And calm, and self-possessed. To suffer and be strong.
—Long fellow.

RUE fortitude is seen in great exploits
That justice warrants, and that wisdom guides;
All else is towering phrensy and distraction.

—<Addison.
IRD your hearts with silent fortitude, N war was never lion’s rage so fierce;
Suffering yet hoping all things. In peace, was never gentle lamb more mild.
—Mrs. Hemans. —Shakespeare.
ORGETFUL of ourselves, Thus we may meet the storm,
Giving but little heed Still brave, and true, and strong:
To the confusing strife, And, like a golden chain,
The winding ways of life, Some lives may take the gain,
Yet careful of its anxious cry of need. Some hearts be gladdened by our simple song. i]
—Tamar Anne Kermode. ~\ q
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seer
en

Escallonia,

GEscallonia rubra. Narurat Orper: Saxifragacee —Saxifrage Family.

UITE an acquisition to the flora of our Southern States will
.. be made whenever these plants shall become naturalized
= there. They are native of South America, and are con-
fined exclusively to mountainous regions. In cold climates
I all the Escallonias (of which there are about seven genera
“** and ‘sixty species) are confined entirely to the greenhouse or con-
servatory, but where the temperature is warm or comparatively mild
they survive the winter in open air. They are shrubby in growth;
the leaves are evergreen, appearing alternately on each side of the
branches; the blossoms are scarlet, white or pink, and are delicate
and waxy in texture. The plants require a light and friable soil, and

are said to bloom and thrive best when planted in the ground in the
conservatory. :

Opinion,

PINION is that high and mighty dame
Which rules the world; and in the mind doth frame
Distaste or liking; for, in human race,

She makes the fancy various as the face.

—Howel,
H, breath of public praise, PINION, the blind goddess of fools, foe
Short-lived and vain! oft gain’d without desert, To the virtuous, and only friend to
As often lost unmerited. —Harvard. Undeserving persons. — Chapman.
E lov'd his kind, but sought the love of few; ET not opinion make thy judgment err;
And valued old opinions more than new. The evening conquest crowns the conqueror
—Park Benjamin. —Lady Alimony,
ET in opinions look not always back; PINION governs all mankind,
Your wake is nothing, mind the coming track. Like the blind’s leading of the blind.
—O. W. Holes. : —Butler,

H, he sits on high in all the people’s hearts;
And that which would appear offense in us,
His countenance, like richest alchemy,

f Will change to virtue and to worthiness. ue
$ Ie vag — Shakespeare. ath
A Siege ery a) Toes

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=i

on or
Lternal Flower,
Xeranthemum anmuumn, Narurar Orver: Composite —Aster Family.

v

NUSUAL favor marks the progress of this class of plants,
which is steadily advancing in the estimation of flower fan-
ciers; for where a few years ago we had only the Gom-
phrena, we now have a dozen different kinds, all interesting,
and most excellent for winter bouquets on account of their
®imperishable flowers. They are noticeable, when the flower
is expanded, for the lack of moisture in their petals, being crisp under
the fingers, whence their botanical name, signifying, in Greek, a dry
flower. They usually bloom solitary, or one on a stem. The colors
of the various kinds are rose, white, purple, yellow, and red, each kind
of plant having a variety of colors. Most any seedsman would gladly
furnish their names, and the cultivator would experience a new sensa-
tion in seeing them bloom. For winter use they should be cut when
most perfect, and dried in the shade.

kiternity,

97PIS the Divinity that stirs within us,
’Tis Heav’n itself that points out an hereafter,

And intimates eternity to man. —Addison.
HE dream, which tells me life is short, Though sin makes dark the vale of tears,
Foretells its endless day; These brighten distant skies.
The mind, which wakes one thought of heaven, Oh! when the spirit, freed from clay,
May never know decay. Its wings impatient furls,
I love those dreams which link to heaven How will it soar in haste away,
The soul with friendly ties; To live in mystic worlds!

—W. R. Montgomery.
HE eternal life beyond the sky,
Wealth cannot purchase, nor the high
And proud estate;
The soul in dalliance laid—the spirit
Corrupt with sin —shall not inherit

A joy ‘so great. —From the Spanish.

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ee

Eupatorinm,

GEupatorium elegans. Naturar Orver: Composite —Aster Family.

Ko entirely unattractive. The Eupatorium elegans is admitted
YA to the greenhouse for its fragrant flowers, which are white;
(5 the Eupatorium aromaticum, also admired for its odor, has
23 flowers of the same color, which bloom in the fall. The boneset
Oe. and hoarhound belong to this same family, and, though useful, are
es homely herbs. They are said to have been named for Mithridates
is the Great (also called Eupator, that is, of a noble father, or well
~xeF born), king of Pontus, who brought about a war with the Romans,
. ~ and when conquered by Pompey, and conspired against by his own

ef

~» son, Pharnaces, rather than be taken prisoner by the Romans, com-

IK mitted suicide by taking poison, B. c. 63.

Detay.

H, my good lord, that comfort comes too late;

*Tis like a pardon after execution. —Shakespeare.

HINK not tomorrow still shall be your care; OIST up sail while gale doth last,

Alas! tomorrow like today will fare. Tide and wind stay no man’s pleasure;
Reflect that yesterday ’s tomorrow’s o’er,— Seek not time when time is past,
Thus one “tomorrow,” one “tomorrow” more, Sober speed is wisdom’s leisure,
Have seen long years before them fade away, After-wits are dearly bought,
And still appear no nearer than today. Let thy fore-wit guide thy thought.

—Giford. —Robert Southwell.

OUR gift is princely, but it comes too late,
And falls, like sunbeams, on a blasted blossom.

—Suckling.
MISSION to do what is necessary E came too late! Neglect had tried
Seals a commission to a blank of danger; * Her constancy too long;
And danger, like an ague, subtly taints Her love had yielded to her pride,
Even then when we sit idly in the sun. And the deep sense of wrong.
—Shakespeare. —Elizabeth Bogart,

128

mwmer ere

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Euphorbia,

Euphorbia splendens, NATURAL ORDER: Euphorbiacea— Spurge Family.

ee HIS is a class of plants that are widely dispersed. Many
‘of them are entirely wanting in beauty or any other quality
|, to recommend them to notice, particularly those found in the
temperate regions of North America. The few admitted
7 within the precincts of the conservatory, greenhouse or dwell-
; gy. ing are from the tropics, chiefly from South America. The
above variety much resembles some of the Cacti; the stem is thick,
fleshy and branching, and fortified with strong, sharp thorns. The
leaves are few and oval; the flowers small, but of a brilliant scarlet.
It is a native of Madagascar, and is only grown as a greenhouse
or parlor plant, where it can have heat in winter. According to
Pliny, it was named by Juba II., the king of Mauretania, in honor
of his physician, Euphorbus.

Reprool.

OME did all folly with just sharpness blame,
While others Jaughed, and scorned them into shame;
But, of these two, the last succeeded best,
As men aim rightest when they shoot in jest.

+ —Dryden.
EAR heart, for whom I wait from year to year, EPROVE not in his wrath incensed man,
Counting as beads each slowly-lagging day, Good counsel comes clean out of season then;
What joy detains thee? In what distant sphere But when his fury is appeas’d and pass’d,
Art thou content to keep so long away? He will conceive his fault and mend at last. .
—Foel Benton. —Randotph.

ORBEAR sharp speeches to her. She’s a lady
So tender of rebukes that words are strokes,

And strokes death to her. — Shakespeare.
Prithee forgive me; How dare you let your voice
I did but chide in jest; the best loves use it Talk out of tune so with the voice of God
Sometimes: it sets an edge upon affection. In earth and sky? —Mrs. Osgood.
—Middleton. ’ i
J 129 aos

GAD t4—-Gy

SKA»

CCEPT of this; and could I add beside

Butoaca,

Eutoca vistita. Narurat Orver: Hydrophyllacee— Waterleaf Family

¢

A Gilt.

ND his gift, though poor and lowly it may seem to other eyes,
Yet may prove an angel holy, in a pilgrim’s guise. —Whittier .

FORWM’D for thee a small bouquet,

HE prizes not such trifles as these are:

The gifts she looks from me are pack’d and lock’d
Up in my heart, which I have given already,
But not delivered. s —Shakespeare.

l GAVE the jewel from my breast,
She played with it a little while
As I sailed down into the west,

Then weary of it—far from land,
With sigh as deep as destiny,
She let it drop from her fair hand
Fed by her smile; Into the sea.

i

ow

which has proved quite attractive and desirable for the various
shades of the blue flowers, which retain their freshness well
when severed from the plant for bouquets. There is some
diversity in their habit, some being erect or almost so, and
others are represented in botanical works as nearly procum-
The flowers are tubular bell-shaped, about an inch long, blooming
@in racemes. There are a few novelties in this genus with different
colored flowers, some of which are biennials. They bloom freely, but

What wealth the rich. Peruvian mountains hide; A keepsake near thy heart to lay,
If all the gems in eastern rocks were mine, Because ’tis there, I know full well
On thee alone their glittering pride should shine. That charity and kindness dwell.
—Lyttleton. ~-Miss Gould.

—Fean Ingelow,
\WIN her with gifts, if she respects not words;
Dumb jewels often, in their silent kind,
More quick than words do move a woman’s mind.
— Shakespeare.
sah
: 130 ce
Pe arse

awe see,

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AS

i

ELyebright,

Euphorbia hpperitfolia. Narurar Orver: Euphorbiacee— Spurge Family.

“>

Bos

i YEBRIGHT is a simple little plant found in dry soils in the
United States. It is an annual, about a foot and a half high,
with smooth, purple stem, and leaves marked with oblong
blotches. The blossoms are white, appearing in clusters dur-
Zing the summer. A medicine prepared from it was formerly
“used for diseases of the eye. There is also another plant
called Eyebright, a native of the White Mountains, with bluish-white
flowers appearing in spikes. Its classic name is Euphrasia, meaning
cheerfulness, in Greek, from the same root as Euphrosyne, one of the
three graces.

Your Eyes arg Bewitrhing,

ND then her look —O, where ’s the heart so wise,
Could, unbewilder’d,: meet those matchless eyes?
Quick, restless, strange, but exquisite withal,

Like those of angels. —Moore.
OME praise the eves they love to see, HOSE laughing orbs that borrow
As rivaling the western star; From azure skies the light they wear,
But eyes I know well worth to me Are like heaven —no sorrow
A thousand firmaments afar. Can float o’er hues so fair.
—Fohn Stirling. —Mrs. Osgood.

INE things to sight requiréd are:
The power to see, the light, the visible thing,
Being not too small, too thin, too nigh, too tar,

Clear space and time, the form distinct to bring.
—Sir F. Davies.

NEVER saw an eye so bright, And sometimes swam in tears:
And yet so soft as hers; It seem’d a beauty set apart
Tt sometimes swam in liquid light, For softness and for sighs.
—Mrs, Welby.

ER eyes, in heaven,
Would through the airy region stream so bright

That birds would sing, and think it were not night
—Shakespeare,

Hp. 131 a

leery amr ay

a
Fennel,

Anethun graveolens. Naturat Orver: Umbellifere— Parsley Family.

is not known.

Qlarthy att Praise.

if ie sing thy praise, would heav’n my breath prolong,
Infusing spirits worthy such a song,
Not Thracian Orpheus should transcend my lays. —Dryden.

N praise so just Jet ev’ry voice be join’d,
And fill the general chorus of mankind!

—Pope.
Nee did her so much right As e’er yet embraced a heart.
As she scorns the help of art; So much good so truly tried,
In as many virtues dight Some for less were deified.
—William Browne.

132

r

ar
nwa

4 ENNEL, also called Dill, is found in country gardens along

' with coriander, anise and caraway, all of which produce seeds
valuable for their pungent and aromatic flavor. The Fennel
grows abundantly along the chalk cliffs of England in a wild
and uncultivated state. Another species is cultivated to a
Kiso great extent in Italy. It is also found wild in the United
States, and once introduced it propagates itself for years. The leaves

anethum, both signifying Dill or anise; and graveolens (Latin), heavy-
smelling. Fennel is from feniculum, Latin diminutive of fenum, hay;

the etymology of Dill seems lost; the Anglo-Saxon, German and
Danish have the word substantially in the same form, but of what significance

E gave you all the duties of a man; FS praise too dearly loved, or warmly sought,
Trim’d up your praises with a princely tongue, Enfeebles all internal strength of thought;
Spoke your deservings like a chronicle; And the weak soul, within itself unblest,
Making you even better than his praise. Leans for all pleasure on another’s breast.
—Shakespeare. —Goldsmith,

ols.

1

Se

Fennel Flower,

N igella Mamascena. Narurar Orper: Lanunculacee —Crowfoot Family.

NATIVE of the south of Europe and the Levant, deriving
y its distinctive epithet from the world-renowned and ancient
* Damascus, this curious annual is grown as an ornamental
flower in gardens and borders of walks. It is called Nigella
»028 from its black seeds, and has a variety of popular names —
PG Love-in-a-mist, Devil-in-a-bush, and Ragged Lady. The
iz, blossoms of the different kinds are purple, blue, and white. They
bloom single or solitary, and are encircled with fine, feather-cleft leaves,
; like the foliage on other parts of the plant, which much resembles the
aromatic garden fennel.

Artifirg.

HAT ’s the bent brow, or neck in thought reclin’d?
The body’s wisdom to conceal the mind.
A man of sense can artifice disdain,

As men of wealth may venture to go plain. —Young.

OU talk to me in parables; (eS by guilty artifice and arts
You may have known that I’m no wordy man; Of promised kindness practice on our hearts;
Fine speeches are the instruments of knaves, With expectation blow the passion up;

Or fools, that use them when they want good sense. She fans the fire without one gale of hope.
—Otway. —Granville.

SERPENT heart, hid with a flowering face!

Did ever dragon keep so fair a cave? —Shakespeare.
ATIENCE! I yet may pierce the rind A dark, unwholesome core is bound,
Wherewith are shrewdly girded round Perchance, within it. Sir, you see,
The subtle secrets of his mind. Men are not what they seem to be.

—Paul H, Hayne.
HEN quit her, my friend!
Your bosom defend,

Ere quite with her snares you're beset. 8

—Byron. ak |

a

133 a

(eE= seer
r

Fevu-Malking,

Antigramma rhpophulla. NaturaL Orper: filices— Fern Family.

“HAT is more beautiful than the gracefully sweeping Fern,
\ that clothes the ragged, rocky cliffs, hanging like so many
[ees plumes from every crevice, to catch the moisture of the
timid spring that slips out to trickle over the green moss
and hide in its bosom? Oh, marvelous is nature in her sim-
plest simplicity!) The Walking Fern is one of the rare ones,
to be found in rocky woods. The frond or leaf is about six or seven
inches in length, and its peculiarity consists in bending the long, slender
tip backward until it reaches the ground, when it takes root, from which
a plant arises the following year. The botanical names were probably
given it because of its peculiarities, and denote, in Greek, root-leaved
counterpart or transcript.

Ourinsity.

6 Nees enquiring spirit will not be controll’d;
We would make certain all, and all behold.

— Sprague.
HE skies in the darkness stoop nearer and nearer, EARCHING those edges of the universe,
A cluster of stars hangs like fruit in the tree, We leave the central fields a fallow part;
The fall of the water comes sweeter comes clearer; To feed the eye more precious things amerce,
To what art thou list’ning, and what dost thou see? And starve the darkened heart.
Let the star-clusters glow, apron Lagelow.
Let the sweet waters flow, HRO?’ the buzzing crowd he threads his way,
And cross quickly to me. To catch the flying rumors of the day.
—Fean Ingelow. — Sprague.

URIOSITY! who hath not felt
Its spirit, and before its altar knelt?

— Sprague.
ONCEAL versel’ as weel’s ve can UT love is such a mystery,
Fra’ critical dissection; T cannot find it out;
But keek thro’ every other man For when I think I'm best resolved,
With lengthen’d, sly inspection. Then I am most in doubt.
f | —Burns. —Sir Fohn Suckling. i

fey 1 p
oon =o

awl

oor
“EG

Feuertewm,

HMatricaria parthenium. Narurat Orver: Composite —Aster Family,

° formerly the ohne name of this plant, but the classifica-
# tion of Tournefort has recently been given precedence, and it
i) is now called Matricaria, from its supposed value in certain
ot forms of disease. The English name, identical in meaning

Hee, a We with febrifuge, or fever-dispelling, from its medicinal proper-
AE: ‘ties, is “Pilint to all. It is a very desirable plant for the garden,

[,, continuing in bloom the entire season. The double variety is as full
of petals as a daisy, and is most excellent where many cut flowers are
desired. It is in great favor among florists, as the white blossoms
retain their freshness for a considerable time, even though out of water.
There are varieties with red flowers mentioned, but they are not as

“frequent in cultivation.

Beneticencg.

OULD’ST thou from sorrow find a sweet relief,
Or is thy heart oppress’d with woe untold;
Balm would’st thou gather for corroding grief,

Pour blessings round thee like a shower of gold.
—Carlos Wilcox.

ITH a look of sad content Was witnessed by an eye whose mercy views
Her mite withim the treasure-heap she cast; In motive all that consecrates a deed
Then, timidly as bashful twilight, stole To goodness; so He blessed the widow’s mite
From out the temple. But her lowly gift More than the gifts abounding wealth bestowed.
—Montgomery.

HE charities that soothe, and heal, and bless,
Are scattered at the feet of man like flowers.

— Wordsworth.
HINK not the good, The fatherless, the friendless and the widow,
The gentle deeds of mercy thou hast done, Who daily own the bounty of thy hand,
\ Shall die forgotten all; the poor, the pris’ner, Shall cry to heaven, and pull a blessing on thee.
—Rowe.

dice

fy, 135 a

era)

Liv Dalsam,

‘Abies balsamea. Narurat Orver: Conifere—Pine Family.

? ae FIR (or Fir Balsam for the sake of euphony) sends
out its branches in an almost horizontal line from the trunk,

the fine shape being formed by the gradual diminution of the
length of the branches until it reaches the apex, thus giving
a pyramidal outline to its form. The leaves are white on the
Jlower surface, and green above. The sap or resinous juice is
obtained from the bark, from which it exudes, being about the
“consistency of thick honey, of a light amber tint. It is useful medici-

P nally, both internally and externally.

Health.

EASON’S whole pleasure, all the joys of sense,

Lie in three words, health, peace, and competence.
. —Pope.

H! what avail the largest gifts of heaven,

When drooping health and spirits go amiss?
How tasteless, then, whatever can be given!

Health is the vital principle of bliss,

And exercise of health. In proof of this,

Behold the wretch who slugs his life away,
Soon swallow’d in disease’s sad abyss;

While he whom toil has brac’d, or manly play,
Has light as air each limb, each thought as clear

as day.

—Thomson,

HAT health promotes, and gives unenvied peace,
Is all expenseless, and procured with ease.

LT _S

HE surest road to health, say what they will,

ih

Most of those evils we poor mortals know,

Is never to suppose we shall be ill.

From doctors and imagination flow. —Churchill,

ATURE does require

—Sir R. Blackmore.

NOW, then, whatever cheerful and serene
Supports the mind supports the body too,
Hence the most vital movement mortals feel

Is hope: the balm and life-blood of the soul.
—Dr. Fohn Armstrong.

Her time of preservation, which, perforce,

I, her frail son amongst my brethren mortal,

Must give attendance.

REMEMBER, I remember
The fir trees dark and high;

— Shakespeare.

I used to think their slender tops

Were close against the sky. —Leieh Hunt,

é

Vou

aa

Flax,

Linum usitatissimum. Narurar Orver: Linacee —Flax Family.

Ati y
DS

POMPARED with plants not grown directly for food, the Flax
is probably the most useful as well as the most ancient known
to man. In various parts of the world it is grown in large
quantities, forming the industry of a large population, furnish-
ing employment both summer and winter in raising, gathering
and caring for the crop, considerable attention being required
in preparing the fiber for the manufacturing arts. The fields have a
fine appearance when the Flax is in bloom, presenting an uninterrupted
blue surface to the eye that is truly pleasing. There are some hand-

Domestic Industry.

HAT happiness the rural maid attends,
In cheerful labor while each day she spends

She gratefully receives what heaven has sent,

And, rich in poverty, enjoys content. —Gay.
EAT little housewife, so demure, No sound to break your gentle dream;
Plying the needle swift and sure, Those lily hands from seam to seam
In quiet places, Are ever stirring;
What charm is in those darksome eyes, All hushed —as summer’s noonday hour,
What magic in your beauty lies, When sleep the bee, and leaf, and flower—
And lovely graces! Save pussy’s purring.
WEETER and sweeter, Prettily plying
Soft and low, Thread and song,
Neat little nymph, Keeping them flying
Thy numbers flow, Late and long,
Urging thy thimble, Though the stitch linger,
Thrift’s tidy symbol, Kissing thy finger,
Busy and nimble, Quick —as it skips along.
i To and fro; F. W. Palmer.

aor
os

ps a ie

2 axe 138

¥ lower-ot-an-stouvr,

Hibiscus Crionum. Naturar Orver: Malvaceae — Mallow Family.

.VANESCENT, as its familiar name indicates, this handsome
<\, annual was imported some years since from Italy; its botan-
- ical name is made up of the generic hibiscus, or mallow,
and Trionum, of the constellation known by that name to the
Romans, and to us as Charles’s Wain. The flowers are
similar in shape to the single hollyhock blossom, and are
about two inches across the top, the petals being a sulphur or green-
ish yellow, and the base of each a rich maroon brown. ‘There are
various other plants and shrubs under the general name Hibiscus,
some of which in the South Sea Islands grow sufficiently large to
be used with the bamboo in the erection of houses, such as the peo-
ple of that latitude require. They thrive best in moist, sandy soil.

SA Be DIAS ASR DALES SAVE)

cea canes eeeeness pansy ri tae eas a3 22228 OEE

Sriffing Beauty,

RUST not too much to that enchanting face;

Beauty ’s a charm, but soon the charm will pass.

—Dryden.
HAT transitory flower, even while it lasts, EAUTY, like the tair Hesperian tree, [guard
Palls on the roving sense when held too near, Laden with blooming gold, had need the
Or dwelling there too long; by fits it pleases, Of dragon-watch with unenchanted eye,
And smells at distance best; its sweets, familiar To save her blossoms and defend her fruit
By frequent converse, soon grow dull and cloy you. From the rash hand of bold incontinence.
—Feffery. —Milton,

O not idolatrize; beauty ’s a flower,

Which springs and withers almost in an hour.
—William Smith.

OVE raised on beauty will like that decay; EAUTY, sweet love, is like the morning dew,
Our hearts may bear its slender chain a day, Whose short refresh upon the tender green
As flow’ry bands in wantonness are worn — Cheers for a time, but till the sun doth show,
A morning’s pleasure, and at evening torn. And straight is gone, as it had never been.
-- Pope. —Daniel.

OVE built on beauty, soon as beauty dies;

Choose this face, changed by no deformities.
—Donne.

eo.

#Fonv-eo' clock,

Mirabilis Jalapa. Natural Orver: Wyctaginacee—Four-o’clock Family.

T is from the roots of this plant, which is a native of the
West Indies, that the Jalap of commerce is obtained. The
stem is about two feet high, having numerous branches, with
smooth, oval, pointed leaves, and tuberous root. Its flowers
are large, blooming in clusters, very sweet and fragrant, and
various in colors. This, with the few species from Mexico,
all open about the time of day their name indicates, and continue a
perfect succession of bloom during the whole summer. The plants
bloom better the second year, if the roots are removed to a dry cellar
during the winter, kept from frost, and replanted in the spring.

O1me.

Ls
Es not to live long, but to live well;
How long we live, not years, but actions tell.
i —-Watkyns.
IME is a feathered thing, Fa is long and time is fleeting,

And whilst I praise And our hearts, though stout and brave,
The sparkling of thy locks, and call them rays, Still, like muffled drums, are beating

Takes wing. —Mayne. Funeral marches to the grave.
—Long fellow.

IME, as he passes, has a dove’s wing,
Unsoiled and swift, and of a silken sound.
—Cowper.
OUCH us gently, Time! HE hours are viewless angels,
Let us glide down thy stream That still go gliding by,
Gently —as we sometimes glide And bear each minute’s record up
Through a quiet dream. To Him who sits on high.
—Bryan W. Proctor. —C. P. Cranch.
VEN such is Time, that takes on trust
Our youth, our joys, our all we have,
And pays us with but age and dust;
Who in the dark and silent grave,
When we have wandered all our ways,

Shuts up the story of our days! —sy w. Raleigh,

ee

a =)
A irae ery

139 aoe

—Fielding.
E raves, his words are loose IS brain is wrecked —
As heaps of sand, and scattering wide from sense; For ever in the pauses of his speech
So high he ’s mounted on his airy throne, His lip doth work with inward mutterings,
That now the wind has got into his head, And his fixed eye is riveted fearfully
And turns his brains to phrenzy. —Dryden. On something that no other sight can spy.
—Maturin,
AM not mad; too well, too well I feel
The different plague of each calamity.
—Shakespeare,
AM not mad; I would to heaven I were! HIS wretched brain gave way,
For then ’tis like I should forget myself; And I became a wreck, at random driven,
O, if I could, what grief should I forget! Without one glimpse of reason or of heaven.
—Shakespeare. —Moore.

Fes

xt ITERALLY, the purple finger-flower, this plant is of easy
culture, and well adapted for the borders of walks and beds.

thimble-shaped, with dots of a color differing from the flower
in the interior. The whole plant is a violent and dangerous
poison when taken internally in any considerable quantity,
producing delirium, convulsions and death. It becomes a valuable
medicine in the hands of a skillful physician. It thrives best in par-
tially shaded locations. There are a number of varieties, the flowers
being white, purple, carmine, brown, and yellow.

Delirium,

THIS poor brain! ten thousand shapes of fury
Are whirling there, and reason is no more.

F a phrenzy do possess the brain,
It so disturbs and blots the form of things,
As fantasy proves altogether vain,

And to the wit no true relation brings.
—Sir Fohn Davis,

a wh

eA 3—OL

HFrvitillavia,

Sritillavia maleagris. Narturat Orver: Liliacee—Lily Family.

a ‘
Ut

IAEA ee

5 a

at ‘as the flower is more nearly of that shape than in the other
onl P lilies, this plant is a sister to the crown imperial, already de-
Y 4 " ; pe, bed, both blooming in the month of May. The flower
4 Nb 3. is large, nodding, and beautifully checked with pale-red,

i)

> 3 purple or yellow spots, from which circumstance the name
has sometimes been ‘interpreted “chessboard.”
throughout Europe.

It is indigenous

De Do Bobs $a 2}

It is usually solitary in bloom. In Spain it is

W called Checkered Lily, and in other places Guinea~-Hen-Flower.

Persecution,

HAVE learn’d to endure, I have hugg’d my despair;
I scourge back the madness that else would invade;
On my brain falls the drop after drop, yet I bear,

Lest thou should’st discover the wreck thou hast made.
—Mrs. E. Oakes Smith.

HIS you have practiced,

Practiced on us with rigor, this hath forced us
To shake our heavy yokes off; and, if redress
Of these just grievances be not granted us,
We'll right ourselves, and by strong hand defend

What we are now possessed of.
: —Massinger.

HEY lived unknown
Till persecution dragged them into fame,
And chased them up to heaven. Their ashes flew,

No marble tells us whither. With their names

UT what avail her unexhausted stores,

Her bloomy mountains and her sunny shores,
With all the gifts that heaven and earth impart,
The smiles of nature, and the charms of art,
While proud oppression in her valleys reigns,

And tyranny usurps her happy plains?
—Addison.

And history, so warm on meaner themes,
Is cold on this. She execrates. indeed,
The tyranny that doomed them to the fire,
But gives the glorious suff’rers little praise.

No bard embalms and sanctifies his song; — Couper.
EITHER bended knees, pure hands held up,
Sad sighs, deep groans, nor silver-shedding tears,
4 Could penetrate her uncompassionate sire.
\ — Shakespeare,
(A I4I
es 4 orn

xs
Siva 9 ery

ine A

Fuchsia,

Fuchsia coccmea. Narorar Orver: Onagracee— Evening Primrose Family.

bi

Poot without a touch of romance. A gentleman, while travel-
passed through some town not far from the great metropolis,
i 6) and there saw a plant with hanging bells, like ear-drops, which
f attracted his attention. Upon his arrival in London, he informed an
eminent gardener of what he had seen, eulogizing the beautiful and
graceful arrangement of its flowers. The gardener went immediately
to the place designated, but the poor cottager declared that she could
not part with it, as her “good man, who was at sea, had brought it

tas a present the last time he was at home, and she did not know if she
should ever see him again.” He however finally possessed himself of it by
offering her a large sum, and promising her the first slip. He brought it home,
divided and subdivided it, soon having a large number of plants, for which he
obtained a rapid sale.

Grarg.

ER laugh, full of life, without any control,
But the sweet one of gracefulness, rung from her soul;
And where it most sparkled no glance could discover,

In lip, cheek, or eyes, for she brightened all over. —.Voore.
HE light of love, the purity of grace, RACE was in all her steps, heav'n in her eve,
The mind, the music, breathing from her face. In ev’ry gesture dignity and love!
—Byron. — Milton.
e
a LOVELIER nymph the pencil never drew,

For the fond Graces torm’d her easy mien,

And heaven’s soft azure in her eye was seen. —ffayley.

ER ivory-polish'd front with seemly cheer, Expends itself, and shows a field more clear
Graced at the bottom with a double bow, Than candid lilies or the virgin snow;
Where all the Graces in their throne appear, Her eves, like suns, shoot rays more sharp than darts,

Where love and awful majesty do grow, Which wound all flinty, love-despising hearts.
—Pordage.

142 <N

om

G@®entian.,

Gentiana acaulis, Narurar Orver: Gentianacee—Gentian Family.

o, ENTIAN is a plant of excellent tonic and febrifuge properties,
F which are said to have been first discovered by Gentius, king
of ancient Illyria, in whose honor it was named. It is found
abundantly in the Western States, where the land lies low and
is more or less moist, which soil seems most congenial to its
“s growth. It is not unusual to find acres of land dotted freely
with its blue blossoms, particularly in openings in the woods. Besides
our native plants, we have other specimens from Wales, Australia, and

the Alps. The two from the first-named countries have blue flowers,
oe am the latter yellow ones. The more dwarf varieties are the best adapted

eit for rock culture.

Bees | a.

a Antrinsic Qorth.
fo and resolved by sterling worth to gain

Love and respect, thou shalt not strive in vain.
—Sir S. E. Brydges.

HOW thy worth with manners may I sing, LL that is best of beauty is its dower,
When thou art all the better part of me? All that is pure in piety its bequest,
What can mine own praise to mine own self bring? The subtle spring of truth, the soul of power,

And what is ’t but mine own, when I praise thee? It gives our dreams their scope, our life its zest.
—Shakespeare. —Isidore G. Ascher.

KNOW transplanted human worth
Will bloom to profit otherwhere.

—Tennyson.
HERE is a joy in worth, »'T*IS what the heart adores, where’er the eve
A high, mysterious, soul-pervading charm, Doth rest, on ocean, earth, or in the sky;
Which, never daunted, ever bright and warm, For love ne’er worships willingly a blot,
Mocks at the idle, shadowy ills of earth, But looks for what is pure, for what is fair,
Amid the gloom is bright, and tranquil in the storm. For what is good, as heaven and angels are.
—Robert T. Conrad.. —Sallie A. Brock.

EAUTIES that from worth arise,
Are like the grace of deities,
Still present with us, though unsighted.
—Sir F. Suckling.

=

rary

Geranium,

Geranium sanguineum. Narurar Orver: Geraniacee —Geranium Family.

E ANY are the varieties of this beautiful plant, most of which
: . are nurtured in the window or greenhouse, either for their
beauty of blossom or the delightful fragrance of their
leaves. Some of them are from the Cape of Good

* liant show in the garden in summer, being again removed to the
house in the fall. The name is derived from geranos, a Greek
word meaning crane, the seeds having a long spur (supposed to
resemble a crane’s bill), which in planting should be cut off with
the scissors, as it tends to push the seeds out of the ground before
sprouting.

Gontidency.

RUST in thee? Aye, dearest, there’s no one but must,
Unless truth be a fable in such as thee trust;
For who can see heaven’s own hue in those eyes,
And doubt that truth with it came down from the skies?
While each thought of thy bosom, like morning’s young light,

Almost ere ’tis born, flashes there on his sight.
—C. F. Hoffman.

UT of the depths of the starlit distance [up, And faith and hope and the spirit’s patience

A pale gleam shows where the moon comes Strengthen the heart and lighten the eyes.
And here in the dregs of this strange existence Ah, soul! my soul! there is hope for the nations,
May lurk the sweetness that crowns the cup, And God is holy and just and wise.

—Barton Grey.
TRUST in thee, and know in whom I trust;
Or life or death is equal; neither weighs:

All weight is this: O let me live to thee! —voung.
AVE I not brought thee roses fresh with youth, H! emblem of that steadfast mind
And snow-white lilies, pale with pure desire? Which, through the varying scenes of life,
Beheld in thee my inmost dream of Truth, By genuine piety refined,
And felt no beauty thou didst not inspire? Holds on its way ’midst noise and strife!

—Foel Benton.

14 : =~

Gladiolus,

Gladiolus communis, Narurar Orver: /ridacee —Iris family.

@3F recent introduction into general cultivation in the United
States, the Gladiolus has more than answered all anticipations,
and too much praise cannot be elicited in its behalf. It has a

bulbous root, round and flattened like an onion, though less

<5 perfect in shape; the leaves are long and pointed, and shaped
S83 like a small sword (gladiolus), from which it takes its name.
The flower stalk rises about two feet. The flowers are large and
handsome, arranged around the stem for nearly half its length, the
Ko lower ones blooming first. The colors are brilliant in the highest
X degree, and the variety of hues and shades is almost numberless. The

RY

new colors are derived from seedlings.

Ready Armen.

ITTXIS ours by craft and by surprise to gain;
*Tis yours to meet in arms, and battle in the plain.

—Prior.
las ride in golden armor like the sun, WORD, on my left side gleaming,
And in my helm a triple plume shall spring, What means thy bright eye’s beaming?
Spangled with diamonds dancing in the air, It makes my spirit dance
To note me emperor of the threefold world. To see thy friendly glance.
—Marlo. —From the German of Korner.

GENERAL sets his army in array

In vain, unless he fight and win the day.
—Sir F. Denham.

MPETUOUS, active, fierce, and young, Moa do the best that do I may,

Upon the advancing foes he sprung. While I have power to stand;
Woe to the wretch at whom is bent While I have power to wield my sword,

His brandish’d falchion’s sheer descent. Til fight with heart and hand.
—Scott. —Anonymous.

In that day’s feats
He proved the best man i’ th’ field; and for his mead

f Was brow-bound with oak. —Shakespeare. é
he K 145 cB
te eee

Globe Flower.

Grollius Europeans. Naturar Orver: Ranunculacee—Crowfoot Family.

the Trollius laxus, or wild Globe Flower, may be found, but
the varieties in cultivation are from abroad, Europe and Asia
each furnishing its quota. They can be grown from seeds,
LS < as well as by division of the roots. They are ornamental
CO plants, handsome in growth, with flowers varying through
the different shades of yellow. The Japan Globe Flower belongs to
another class of plants, and is of shrubby growth, usually six or seven
feet high. The flowers appear in small clusters near the ends of the

Haney,

N22 nobler are the hearts that work than hearts that only dream;
‘For real, as the things that are, are all the things that seem.
The waters gleam among the hills, the mirage on the sands,

And yet alike both image forth the selfsame Maker’s hands.
—L. Bruce Moore.

ANCY high commissioned; send her! ELL me where is fancy bred;
She has vassels to attend her; Or in the heart or in the head?
She will bring in spite of frost, How begot, how nourished?
Beauties that the earth hath lost; It is engendered in the eyes,
She will bring thee, all together, With gazing fed; and fancy dies
All delights of summer weather. In the cradle where it lies.
—Fohn Keats, — Shakespeare,

ANCY is a fairy, that can hear,
Ever, the melody of nature’s voice,
And see all lovely visions that she will.

—Mrs. Osgood.
A SILVERY haze hangs o’er the earth, Bright, gorgeous tints, like Tyrian dies,
And through its gauzy sheen Gleam on the ravished sight;
We look in vain for summer’s garb, I fancy an enchanted realm
Or spring-tide’s dewy green; Revealed in mystic light. —satie A. Brock. i
f

6 a

Gourd.

Lagenaria vulgaris. Naturar Orver: Cucurbitacee—Gourd Family.

NOWN scientifically as Lagenaria, from the Latin /agena, a
_bottle, the common Bottle Gourd, or Calabash, is familiar to all.

“It grows like a round ball, gradually extended into a handle.
“When ripened, a slice is cut from one side, and the seeds are
removed, thus forming a very convenient vessel for dipping
(SS water, for which purpose it was used in early times. There
sai are upward of fifty different kinds of this interesting plant, all of
2 be them being natives of Drepieal igguntries. Some are large and gro-
AA tesque, others small, fanciful, delicate, beautiful in shape and color, and

os [gq worthy of enthusiastic admiration. Hawthorne said they were “worthy

SorT

of being wrought in enduring marble.”
eo A

m Firtent,

E who, from zone to zone,

' Guides through the boundless sky thy certain flight,
In the long way that I must tread alone

Will lead my steps aright. —William Cullen Bryant.
a yet I know past all doubting, truly— And as I walk by the vast, calm river
A knowledge greater than grief can dim — The awful river so dread to see,
I know, as he loved, he will love duly, I say, “Thy breadth and thy depth forever
Yea, better—e’en better than I love him; Are bridged by his thoughts that cross to me.”
—Fean Ingelow.
Y wingéd boat, A duplicated golden glow.
A bird afloat, Far, vague, and dim,
Swims round the purple peaks remote:— The mountains swim;
Round purple peaks While on Vesuvius’ misty brim,
It sails, and seeks With outstretched hands
Blue inlets and their crystal creeks, The gray smoke stands,
Where high rocks throw, O’erlooking the volcanic lands.

—Thomas Buchanan Read.

Through deeps below,

ROM the low earth round you, God’s divinest burneth plain
Reach the heights above you; Through the crystal diaphane
From the stripes that wound you, Of our loves that love you.

Seek the loves that love you —Elizabeth Barrett Browning.

147

Grass.

Authoxanthum odoratum. Naturar Orver: Graminee—Grass Family.

~’ HAT is more delightful to the senses of one pent up amid
2 he brick and dust of a crowded city than to behold a spot
# of refreshing verdure? It rejoices the eye, and fills the
yrs soul with gladness. Who can look abroad at the waving
ey meadows and close-cropped pastures and not acknowledge the
beneficence of the all-wise Creator? No other color would be
so grateful to the vision, and no other color would always appear so
fresh and new. The grass, along with all grains, belongs to the exten-
sive order Graminea, which contributes more to the sustenance of man
and beast than all others combined. It has an element of poetry in its
botanical name, which signifies sweetly-scented yellow flower; and has
for ages been considered an emblem of utility.

Uthty.

he may I always on this downy grass,

Unknown, unseen, my easy minutes pass!
—Roscommon.

HUS is nature’s vesture wrought, Q OT enjoyment and not sorrow
To instruct our wandering thought; Is our destin’d end or way,
Thus she dresses green and gay, But to act that each tomorrow
To dispense our cares away. —Dyer. Finds us farther than today. —Long fellow.

(tore chiefest action for a man of spirit,
Is never to be out of action; we should think
The soul was never put into the body,
Which has so many rare and curious pieces
Of mathematical motion, to stand still.

Virtue is ever sowing her seeds. —wrebster.
HE even grass beneath our feet We breathed a purer, better air;
Was something greener and more sweet Our lives seemed wider and more fair,
Than that which grew below. And earth with love aglow. ih
—Henry Abbey. a i
148 £e
eae care

Ground Guy.

Nepeta Glechoma. Narturar Orver: Labiate — Mint Family,

Sree | rer
Poe ie ROUND IVY, or Gill-over-the-ground, is a very pretty plant
; of rapid growth, to be found about hedges, old walls, and

among the rocks along the margins of creeks and, small

streams. The stem, which is naturally prostrate, if suffered

=~ to lie on the ground, takes root at every joint, sending out in
“™ turn new creepers, which grow from a few inches to two
feet in length. In a hanging basket it trails from the sides, completely
enveloping it, delighting in shade and plenty of moisture. The flowers
are of a bluish purple, blooming in May. ‘The leaves are aromatic,
xm and were formerly used in brewing ale. It is sometimes called Alehoof,

and -Tunhoof. It derives its scientific name from Nepete, now Nepi,

tbe in Italy; and Glechoma was the name given it by Linnzus.
aes

Enjoyment,

OY is no earthly flower, nor framed to bear
In its exotic bloom life’s cold, ungenial air.
—Mrs. Hemans.
E are all children in our strife to seize Till, when the prize is won, it seems no more
Each pretty pleasure, as it lures the sight; Than gather’d shell from ocean’s countless store,

And like the tall tree, swaying in the breeze, And ever those who would enjoyment gain,
Our lofty wishes stoop their tow’ring flight, Must find it in the purpose they pursue.
—Mrs. Hale.

ITH much we surfeit, plenty makes us poor,
The wretched Indian scorns the golden ore.

—Drayton.
H! here how sweet, my love, my own, Ah! sweet, in sooth, when God had furled
To dream, aloof from any* sorrows, All colors at the calm sky-verges,
Of one fair, changeless monotone — And night came silencing the world,
Serene tomorrows and tomorrows! And loudening the long sea-surges!

—Edgar Fawcett.
ISE heaven doth see it as fit
In all our joys to give us some. alloys,

As in our sorrows, comforts. —Fountain.

—_ M9 ah

Ground Dine.

EU Spngt complanatum. Naturat Orver: Lycopodiacee— Club Moss Family.

~xt.YCOPODIUM is one of the humbler types of vegetation
ee in the earlier stages of our globe occupied a place of

‘higher rank, and attained a size more worthy of consideration,
Z Alas some of the specimens now existing in a fossil state amply
show. When other and more important vegetation made
its appearance, the less useful descended to a minor and
ass more obscure position, till now it scarcely more than lends variety to
‘the scene. This mossy plant has a round stem, and is frequently
of found creeping along the ground in woods that are moist and shady,
Y=» being some five or six feet in length. There are several greenhouse
. varieties useful for ferneries and hanging-baskets, but they require con-
YZ, siderable moisture to grow well. The name signifies leveled or hori.
zontal wolf’s-foot.

Complaint,

i leases are fancies strangely bitter in the surge of this restless sea,
And hopes, and dreams, and memories, all rising mournfully ;
The waves that are softly breaking, with starry luster kissed,

Summon a host of phantoms out of the ocean-mist.
—Christian Reid.

RIEV’ST thou that hearts should change? Spring with her flowers doth die;
Lo! where life reigneth Fast fades the gilded sky;
Or the free sight doth range, And the full moon on high
What long remaineth? Ceaselessly waneth. —Anonymous.

Co now again thy woes impart,
Tell all thy sorrows, all thy sin;

We cannot heal the throbbing heart,
Till we discern the wounds within.

—Crabbe.
| cecaetieiy swelled into perfect song He smote it so rudely, its delicate chords
’Neath Zephyr’s soft touch; Wailed in musical pain,

But Boreas did it a grievous wrong, Saying, in plaintive and mystical words,
For he smote it too much— “We accord not again!”

—Howard Glyndon

Bea I 50° oN
aa

Ha—

| Sa

Gum Tree,

Nyssa Multiflora. Naturar Orver: Cornacee—Dogwood Family.

IS is a tall tree found throughout the United States, either
in woodlands or along the roadside, growing both in dry
and wet locations. The bark is of a light gray, and rough
or broken on the surface, and at the height of fifty feet or
more is a fine head of large, glossy, dark-green leaves. Its
f flowers are small and of a greenish color, blooming in clus-
p ters. The wood is much twisted and soft, but fine grained, and is
used in the manufacture of naves of wheels and hatters’ blocks. One
(of the species bears a small, blue fruit, which is the favorite food of

Cs
Se Pe
X oem:

the opossum.

kuthusiasm.

O wild enthusiast ever yet could rest,
Till half mankind were like himself possessed.

—Cowper.
HE restless spirit charm’d thy sweet existence, HE caught th’ illusion—blest his name,
Making all beauteous in youth’s pleasant maze, And wildly magnified his worth and fame;
While gladsome hope illumed the onward distance, Rejoicing life’s reality contained
And lit with sunbeams thy expectant days. One, heretofore, her fancy had but feigned.
—Willis G. Clark. —Campbell.

OUTH with swift feet walks onward in the way,
The land of joy lies all before his eyes.

—Mrs, Butler.
GAZE upon the thousand stars I have such eagerness of hope
That fill the midnight sky; To benefit my kind;
And wish, so passionately wish, I feel as if immortal power
A light like theirs on high. Were given to my mind.
—Miss Landon.
Oh! the joy
Of young ideas painted on the mind,
In the warm, glowing colors fancy spreads
On objects not yet known, when all is new,
And all is lovely. —Hannah Moore.
151

Hawkweed,

Hieractum Gronovii. Natura Orver: Composite—Aster Family.

FEW varieties ofthe Hawkweed from France and Italy are
, to be found in our gardens. The blossoms of the cultivated
<2 plants are yellow, silvery, or red in color. The flowers of
the above native plant are yellow, and throughout Canada
and the United States it is found in the woods in dry situa-
tions. The stalk is about two feet high, and the blossom
‘» appears during the months of August and September. The ancients
supposed this, as well as the other species, to strengthen the sight of
x birds of prey. The classic name is derived from zerax, a hawk, on
» account of the properties ascribed to it.

Quitk-Sightedness.

ONG while I sought to what I might compare
Those powerful eyes, which lighten my dark spirit,
Yet found I nought on earth to which I dare

Resemble the image of their goodly light. —Spenser.
Co there be of sight so keen and high ER lively looks a sprightly mind disclose,
That even to the sun they bend their gaze; Quick as her eyes, and as unfixed as those;
Others who, dazzled by too fierce a blaze, Favors to none, to all she smiles extends,
Issue not forth till evening vails the sky. Oft she rejects, but never once offends.
. —Petrarch. —Pope.

IS blazing eyes, like two bright shining fields,
Did burn with wrath, and sparkled living fire;
As two broad beacons set in open fields

Send forth their flames. —Spenser.
OUR hawkeyes are keen and bright, [X her two eyes two living lamps did flame,
Keen with triumph, watching still Kindled above, at the heavenly light,
To pierce me through with pointed light; And darting fiery beams out of the same,
But oftentimes they flash and glitter So passing pearceant, and so wondrous bright,
Like sunshine on a dancing rill. That quite bereaved the rash beholders of their sight.
f \ —Tennyson. — Spenser. i
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the

tteath.

NatTuraL Orver: Ericacee — Heath Family.

Erica odorata.

several hundred in cultivation.

roots.

“E find but few Heaths among the plants of a mixed green-
house, as the idea prevails that they require a particular
pee atmosphere and condition of temperature to grow them
In Europe, houses are devoted exclusively to their
~ culture. The British Heaths grow in bleak and barren places,
and are utilized by the poorer class to thatch their cabins, who,
like the poor of every nation, are driven by necessity to make use of
~ all the gifts of nature, when they can so ill afford the gifts of art. The
most cherished Heaths come from Southern Africa, of which there are
Anyone who has torn a fern from its
place in a wild retreat, has noticed its hair-like roots.
¥ with the Heath; and a desideratum of its culture is that its roots must
never become dry, neither must it rest in sodden soil; for once dry, the
foliage becomes sere and brown beyond recovery, and too much water decays

This is the case

Solitudy.

WEET, solitary life! lovely, dumb joy,

That need’st no warnings how to grow more wise
By other men’s mishaps, nor the annoy

Which from sore wrongs done to one’s self doth rise;
The morning’s second mansion, truth’s first friend,

Never acquainted with the world’s vain broils,
When the whole day to our own use we spend,

And our dear time no fierce ambition spoils.

H! to lie down in wilds apart,
Where man is seldom seen or heard,
In still and ancient forests, where
Mows not his scythe, plows not his share,
With the shy deer and cooing bird!

153

—Earl of Ancrum.

To go, in dreariness of mood,
O’er a lone heath, that spreads around
A solitude like a silent sea,

Where rises not a hut or tree,

The wide-embracing sky its bound!
—Howitt, a

wort

wtelenium,

Helenium autumnale. Natura Orver: Composite — Aster Family.

SOLIS plant is named for the celebrated Helen, a daughter of
i Jupiter, who was so renowned for her beauty that she was
seized by Paris, son of Priam, and carried to Troy, thereby
causing the Trojan war. She is said to have “availed her-
self of its cosmetic properties.” In medicine it is a tonic,
produces an insensible perspiration; and it is also made into
Ba snuff for medical use, which gives it the common name of Sneeze-
It grows in low ground or moist places in fields and by-ways,

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Gears.

HAT gem hath dropp’d, and sparkles o’er his chain?
The tear most sacred shed for others’ pain,
That starts at once— bright, pure—from pity’s mine,

Already polish’d by the hand divine. —Byron.
AISE it to heaven, when thine eye fills with tears, LEST tears of soul-felt penitence!
For only in a watery sky appears In whose benign, redeeming flow
The bow of light; and from the invisible skies Is felt the first, the only sense.
Hopes glory shines not, save through weeping eyes. Of guiltless joy that guilt may know!
—Mrs. F. A, Butler. —Moore.

UT these are tears of joy! to see you thus, has fill’d

My eyes with more delight than they can hold.
— Congreve.

HANK God, bless God, all ye who suffer not The mother singing,—at her marriage-bell

More grief than ye can weep for. That is well— | The bride weeps,—and before the oracle
That is light grieving! lighter, none befell, Of high-faned hills, the poet has forgot
Since Adam forfeited the primal lot. Such moisture on his cheeks.

Tears! what are tears? The babe weeps in its cot, —Elizabeth Barrett Browning.

HOU weep’st: O stop that shower of falling sorrows,

Which melts me to the softness of a woman,

\ And shakes my best resolves. —Trap. ’
i

ae 154 oh 4

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teliotrope,

Heliotropium Peruvianun, Natura OrvEr: Boraginacee —Borage Family.

LIOTROPE is a small and elegant shrub about two feet
high, a native of Peru. The flowers bloom in clusters, and
are of a delicate lavender or purple tint, with the fragrance

Y/
Yj, of vanilla, and are especially desirable for bouquets. It is

Bp said that Clytie, who had been loved and deserted by

Apollo, seeing his attachment for her sister Leucothea,

pined away, with her eyes gazing continually upon the sun, and was
goat last turned into a flower called Sunflower, or Heliotrope. The

z

we
BS

(y28¢) It was introduced into France by Jessieu, about 1740. There are
_ several other flowers that follow the course of the sun, the best
known being probably the common yellow Sunflower.

Heuntion.

EVOTION’S self shall steal a thought from heaven;
One human tear shall drop, and be forgiven.

—Pope.
GIVE thee prayers, like jewels strung As earth pours freely to the sea
On golden threads of hope and fear; Her thousand streams of wealth untold,
And tenderer thoughts than ever hung So flows my silent life to thee,
In a sad angel’s pitying tear. Glad that its very sands are gold.
—fose Terry.
N vain doth man the name of just expect,
If his devotions he to God neglect.
* —Sir F Denham.
LOVE her for that loving trust A love that smiles away all tears,
That makes the one she loves all just, And looks not way beyond these years,
And faith that’s blind in loving; To see what love is proving. —CCC
NE grain of incense with devotion offered
’S beyond all perfumes or Sabzan spices
By one that proudly thinks he merits it.
In —Massinger. wt ;
Pax 155 =i
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ttellebore,

fjelleborus viridis. Natura Orver: Ranunculacee—Crowfoot Family.

SEVERAL plants are known under the name of Hellebore, and
‘though belonging to different and distinct families, they all pos-
? sess highly poisonous: qualities, as the literal translation of their
botanical name would signify, “food of death,” from the com-
Sy. bination of two Greek words, e/ein, to cause death (literally to
s take away), and dora, food. Though fatal in inexperienced
hands, they are exceedingly useful in the hands of educated medical

py me: The ancients were also well acquainted with their merits, as
¥™they used them for all “mental diseases, such as madness and Sk
the best growing on the island of Anticyra in the AAgean sea.” This
variety is from Europe, is about three feet high, with large, nodding

flowers, and is grown as an ornamental plant.

Galumny.

OR might nor greatness in mortality

Can censure ’scape; back-wounding calumny
The whitest virtue strikes; what king so strong
Can: tie the gall up in the slanderous tongue?

— Shakespeare.
HE world with calumny abounds; HEN sland’rous tongue thy honor stings,
The whitest virtue slander wounds; This solace give thee rest: —
There are whose joy is, night and day, Whatever fruit the autumn brings,
To talk a character away. —Pope. The wasp will choose the best.
—G. A, Burger.
HE ignoble mind
Loves ever to assail with secret blow
The loftier purer beings of their kind.
—W. G. Simms.
O wound which warlike hand of enemy Infixeth in the name of noble wight;
Inflicts with dint of sword, so sore doth light For by no art, nor any leeches’ might

b 150 ae

As doth the poisonous sting which infamy It ever can receivéd be again. —Spenser. i

stem,

Cannabis sata. Narurar Orver: Urticacee— Nettle Family.

well-known plant, naturalized in waste places in the United
7 States. It came originally from Persia and the East Indies,
where the natives make an intoxicating beverage from it. In
some States it is largely cultivated for the fiber of the stalks,
and when properly prepared is manufactured into the coarser
grades of toweling and ropes. It grows quite tall and erect, branching
Jat intervals, having foliage that is sharply cleft and palmate, giving the
‘¢ whole plant a light, airy appearance. The flowers are green, and the
* seeds are crowded up and down the summits of the branches. It is
very appropriate for sowing along fences, and is admirable for forming
screens to shut off unsightly objects in a rear yard. In the fall, the
seeds attract the dear little birds, which sometimes visit them in large
flocks, after the frost and late season have exhausted other sustenance.

Haty.

EAV’N trom all creatures hides the book of fate,
All but the page prescribed their present state.

—Pope.
HE Fates but only spin the coarser clue; HAT fate imposes, men must need abide;
The finest of the wool is left for you. It boots not to resist both wind and tide.
—Dryden. —Shakespeare,

HY downcast looks, and thy disorder’d thoughts
Tell me my fate: I ask not the success

My cause has found. —Addison.
UPREME, all-wise, eternal Potentate! Original of beings! Power divine!
Sole Author, sole Disposer of our fate, Since that I live, and that I think, is thine!
Enthroned in light and immortality, Benign Creator! let thy plastic hand
Whom no man fully sees, and none can see! Dispose its own effect. —Matthew Prior.

ATE, show thy force; ourselves we do not owe;

What is decreed must be; and be this so.
— Shakespeare.

_— 157 - i

=

seer

ttallyhock.

Althea: rosea. Natura OrveEr: Malvacee—Mallow Family.

tending flower of our ancestors there is a marked difference.
Formerly its single blossoms used to cluster around the stalk
as it grew beside the cabin of the early settler or mingled

= = vane with the humble flowers in the dooryard of the villager. The
Ces Ser Hollyhock of today—how supurb! Ruffle after ruffle has it
ie added to its rosette, so silky and soft, until it is full to repletion,
Mel and close has it crowded them along its tall stem; step by step has

it advanced to the lawn, gaining admiration as it approached the acme
of its perfection. The colors of the blossoms are various. The plants
look well grouped, or planted in rows, or arranged as a background
to lower-growing plants. It blooms the second year from the seed, or
can be propagated by dividing the root.

S Ambition.

MBITION is an idol on whose wings
Great minds are carried only to extreme:

To be sublimely great, or to be nothing.
— Southern.

MBITION is at a distance E not with honor’s gilded baits beguiled,
A goodly prospect, tempting to the view; Nor think ambition wise, because ’tis brave;
The height delights us, and the mountain top For though we like it, as a forward child,
Looks beautiful because ’tis nigh to heaven. ‘Tis so unsound, her cradle is her grave.
—Otway. — Sir W. Davenant.

HO soars too near the sun, with golden wings,
Melts them;—to ruin his own fortune brings.

— Shakespeare.
HERE ambition of place goes before fitness OU have deeply ventured,
Of birth, contempt and disgrace follow. But all must do so who would greatly win.
—George Chapman, —Byron.
MBITION is a spirit in the world,
That causes all the ebbs and flows of nations.
—Crown,

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=

stoally.

Hlex aquifolium. Narurar Orver: Aguifoliacee —Holly Family.

©)LEX, signifying originally in Latin a species of oak, came
finally to be appropriated as the botanical name of the Holly;
mand aquifolium, from the Latin words acus, a needle, and

YEXIGNI CZ CA CzZ|
Pa

CORES:

folium, a leaf, has been added to designate its marked char-

acteristic of sharp-pointed leaves. We have in the United
States several species, some of which are shrubs from six to
twelve feet in height, others attaining the size of trees. The leaves
are glossy and evergreen, the lower ones being armed with thorns.
~ In autumn, bright red berries deck their branches. There are over a
* hundred varieties now cultivated in Europe, where they are all hardy,
% and most of them of fine appearance. In this country in northern
“7, latitudes they nearly all require protection from the severity of the frost,
(@,by a covering of some kind. The wood of the Ilex opaca is fine grained
‘= and compact, and is useful in wood turning: some of the others possess
properties useful in medical science.

Foresight.

| LOVE to view these things with curious eyes,
And moralize;
And in this wisdom of the holly tree
Can emblems see
Wherewith, perchance, to make a pleasant rhyme,

One which may profit in the after-time.

Thus though abroad, perchance, I might appear And should my youth, as youth is apt, I know,

Harsh and austere Some harshness show,
To those who on my leisure would intrude, All vain asperities I, day by day,

Reserved and rude; Would wear away,
Gentle at home amid my friends Id be, Till the smooth temper of my age should be
Like the high leaves upon the holly tree. Like the high leaves upon the holly tree.

—Robert Southey.

ALK boldly and wisely in that light thou hast;

There is a hand above will help thee on. Ni
—Bailey.

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i

toanesty,

Lunaria biennis. Narurat Orver: Craucifere—Mustard Family.

‘plant. The name has a special appropriateness not altogether arising

A svA, from the shape of the pods, which is more nearly oval, but from the

AWZ5 additional peculiarity of the sévery separating tissues or dissepiments..

Yon As the silicles remain unchanged, they are quite an acquisition to a
a , winter bouquet if plucked and carefully dried in autumn.

Honesty.

AKE heed what you say, sir!
An hundred honest men! why, if there were
So many i’ th’ city, ’twere enough to forfeit

Their charter. —Shirley.
N honest man is still an unmov’d rock, IS words are bonds, his oaths are oracles;
Wash’d whiter, but not shaken with the shock: His love sincere, his thoughts immaculate;
Whose heart conceives no sinister device; His tears, pure messengers sent from his heart,
Fearless he plays with flames, and treads on ice. His heart as far from fraud as heaven from earth.
—Davenport. —Shakespeare.

O be honest, as this world goes,
Is to be one pick’d out of ten thousand.

—Shakespeare.
N honest soul is like a ship at sea HE man who consecrates his hours
That sleeps at anchor when the ocean’s calm; By vig’rous effort, and an honest aim,
But when she rages, and the wind blows high, At once he draws the sting of life and death;
He cuts his way with skill and majesty. He walks with nature, and her paths are peace.
—Beaumont and Fletcher. —Young.

160

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2.
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Honeysuckle,

Lonicera pericpmenum, Narurar Orver: Caprifoliacee —Honeysuckle Family.

4

the numerous varieties of this beautiful climbing shrub, the
one called periclymenum, or Woodbine, is perhaps the most
common. The name is ‘derived from the German naturalist
Adam Lonicer, or Lonitzer. Its delicate flowers are so laden
with sweets that they attract that little opalescent jewel of a
humming-bird more frequently from his hiding-place than any
other blossom, over which it floats like the spirit of another and more
gorgeous flower. For a number of years there have been several

‘2 the Lonicera Japonica, a tribute from China, has yellow blossoms; and
C. / ©) able to vie with either is our own Coral Honeysuckle — bright, brilliant
and fragrant.

Bonds of Frog.

HOSE heart is at rest, he alone is a lover:

The winters shall change not, the storms leave unshaken,
Whose love shall endure, though all blossoms be taken,
Whose love shall endure when earth’s durance is over,

Whose love shall enfold, though the world have forsaken.
—Edward Ellis.

EE the honeysuckle twine ECAUSE of this, ma belle,

Round this casement;—’tis a shrine Thou knowest how richly well
Where the heart doth incense give, My worship till death’s ending serves and sues thee. —
Aud the pure affections live Thou knowest, because of this,
In the mother’s gentle breast To have thee means all bliss,

All anguish were to miss, to mourn, to lose thee!

By her smiling infant press’d.
—Edgar Fawcett.

—Countess of Blessington.

TILL I'm thy captive, yet my thoughts are free;
To be love’s bondsman is true liberty.

—Marston,
7 HE humming-bird, with busy wing, Above the trumpet-blossom floats,
In rainbow beauty moves, And sips the tube he loves.
i —Caroline Gilman. “\

L 161
ow

stay.

fyumulus lupulus. Natura Orpver: Urticacee— Nettle Family.

Lape .

TILIZED mainly in brewing, the Hop is a coarse, though
i : not unsightly, vine, which has been named Humulus from the
* Latin Awmus, the ground, because of its tendency to creeping,
: Els unless properly supported. It is cultivated for its fertile catkins,
: which are of great importance in the manufacture of beer

Nand ale, as they tend to preserve and give body to those
liquids. The stem is an annual, decaying every fall, and springing
again from the ground in the spring. It grows to a great length, and
twines around its supports with the sun, from east to west. It is cul-
. tivated in large fields in various parts of the country, and in the fall
calls together large concourses of laborers who are paid a certain sum
per pole to gather the hops, which is done usually amid great hilarity.

Anjusticg.

E’S poor, and that ’s suspicious — he ’s unknown,
And that’s defenceless; true, we have no proof

Of guilt — but what hath he of innocence? —Byron.
' FINE and slender net the spider weaves, But if a wasp or hornet she entrap,
Which little and slight animals receives; They tear her cords, like Samson, and escape;
And if she catch a summer bee or fly, So, like a fly, the poor offender dies;
They with a piteous groan and murmur die; But like the wasp the rich escapes, and flies.

—Denham,
N the corrupted currents of this world,

Offense’s gilded hand may shove by justice;
And oft ’tis seen, the wicked prize itself

Buys out the law. —Shakespeare,
USTICE is lame, as well as blind, amongst us; NHEARD, the injured orphans now complain;
The laws, corrupted to their ends that make them, The widow’s cries address the throne in vain,
Serve but for instruments of some new tyranny, Causes unjudged disgrace the loaded file,
That every day starts up t’ enslave us deeper. And sleeping laws the king’s neglect revile.
f yi , —Otway. —Prior.
fa

a
Age

oi va 162 oie

Le + ee

I—e->

Stovse Chestunt.

Aesculus Hippocastamm. Narurar Orver: Sapindacee—Soapberry Family.

"zs

of the latter half of the scientific name; and /#sculus,
from the Latin esca, food, was originally applied to a spe-

SOT ee

Sel *cies of oak, and probably to other like trees with edible
ise ky acorns or nuts. The flowers are white, marked with pink and yel-
It is of very rapid growth, and reaches the height of thirty

generally known by the name of Buckeye. The nuts are an irreg-
\¢ ular, rounded shape, and a rich brown in tint. They are more or
ES less injurious to all animals except deer.

jurury.

HESE thoughts he strove to bury in expense,
Rich meats, rich wines, and vain magnificence.

—Harte.
LUXURY! thou curs’d by heaven’s decree, T is a shame that man, that has the seeds
How ill-exchang’d are things like these for thee! Of virtue in him, springing unto glory,
How do thy potions, with insidious joy, Should make his soul degenerous with sin,
Diffuse thy pleasures only to destroy! And slave to luxury.
—Goldsmith. —Marmyon.

ELL luxury! more perilous to youth

Than storms or quicksands, poverty or chains.
—Hannah More.

AR destroys men, but luxury mankind UT just disease to luxury succeeds,
At once corrupts; the body and the mind. And ev’ry death its own avenger breeds.
—Crown. —Popfe.

9’TIS use alone that sanctifies expense,

And splendor borrows all her rays from sense.
—Pope.

Rp : 163 a

Cha gs.

ftouseleck,

Sempervioum tectorum, Narurar Orver: Crassulacee —Orpine Family,

@ARIOUS peculiar shapes are assumed by this and other
; plants of the same class. Some grow erect like the com-

mon Orpine or Live-forever, while. the Houseleek assumes
fj; the shape of a rosette, each thick, pointed leaf arranged in the
2° most symmetrical ‘order, all being so hardy that they. survive the
*" most adverse treatment; growing in poor soil, or even on walls or
Ng k= housetops. Its name literally denotes, in Latin, the always alive of
\ lee f roofs. The Echeveria, a native of California and Mexico, is the
: handsomest of the family, as the leaves are covered with a fine
ci “3 bloom, such as one sees on the cheek of a plum or a cluster of
2 freshly-plucked grapes. The blossoms of some are scarlet, others

ome fez are yellow. Many of them are most excellent for the dry air of the

i “sitting-room, and do not require as much attention as most other house
or conservatory plants.

Viuatity.

ER merry fit she freshly ’gan to rear,
And did of joy and jollity devise,
Herself to cherish and her guest to cheer.

— Spenser.
HE long carousal shakes th’ illumined hall, HE seasons all had charms for her,
Well speeds alike the banquet and the ball; She welcomed each with jov:
And the gay dance of bounding beauty’s train The charm that in her spirit liv'd
Links grace and harmony in happiest chain. No changes could destroy.
—Byron. — Mrs. Hale.

EACH me half the gladness

That thy brain must know
Such harmonious madness

From my lips would flow,

The world should listen then, as I am listening now.
—Percy Bysshe Shelly.

164

as
Ce.

ea

soya.

fjona carnosa, Naturar Orper: Asclepiadacee — Milkweed Family.

gladly give shelter to these beautiful vines, which are indig-
enous to the warmer regions of India. It has been called
Hoya in honor of T. Ras an English florist, and carnosa

Gein an upright position. The leaves are of an oval shape, terminating
in a sharp point, and are beautiful and attractive in themselves, having
the appearance of green wax; and the flowers, which bloom in dense
“umbels, are supremely beautiful, being waxy in texture, and in color a
most delicate rose-flushed white. The old flower-stems should not be
. removed, as they blooth year after year. There is a variety that has
a pale-yellow or whitish margin to the leaf. It does not require a rich
soil. It has the habit, when well growing, of starting out its vine sometimes a
yard or more before the leaves make their appearance, and care should be taken
not to break these naked stems, as they are rather tardy in growing again.

prulplure,

O stands the statue that enchants the world,
So bending tries to veil the matchless boast,
The mingled beauties of exulting Greece.

—Thompson.
O famed Apelles, when young Amnon brought N hard and unrelenting she
The darling idol of his captive heart, As the new-crusted Niobe,
And the pleased nymph with kind attention sat, Or, what doth more of statue carry,
To have her charms recorded by his art. A nun of the Platonic quarry.
— Waller. —Cleveland.
ANCIES and notions he pursues, Y share in pale Pyrene I resign,
Which ne’er had being but in thought: And claim no part in all the mighty nine;
Each, like the Grecian artist, wooes Statues with winding ivy crown’d belong
The image he himself has wrought. To nobler poets, for a nobler song. ’
—Prior. —Dryden.

a ae ok

—

42

4

eS

ener

tyaciuth.

Hpacinthus orientalis, Narurat Orver: Liliacee—Lily Family.

favorite and is very generally cultivated, both in the house

sand garden. The bulb is large and purple, having several

lanceolate leaves which stand erect. The flower-stalk is about
&twice the height of the leaves, and beautified with many bell-
“like blossoms, varying in color in the different varieties. It is
said to have received its name from Hyacinthus, a boy beloved by
Apollo, and with whom he was playing quoits, when Zephyrus, who
also loved the youth, becoming jealous and enraged, “blew the quoit
which Apollo had cast against the head of Hyacinthus, thereby caus-
ing his death.” Apollo then changed his blood into the above flower.
It is a native of the Levant, but has long been cultivated in Europe
and America.

gealousy.

EHOLD the blood which late the grass had dy’d,
Was now no blood; from which a flower full blown,
Far brighter than the Tyrian scarlet shone,
Which seem’d the same, or did resemble right
A lily, changing but the red to white. —ovia.

UT there are storms whose lightnings never OUL jealousy! that turnest love divine
glare — To joyless dread, and mak’st the loving heart
Tempests, whose thunders never cease to roll: With hateful thoughts to languish and to pine,
The storms of love when madden’d to despair — And feed itself with self-consuming smart:
The furious tempests of the jealous soul. Of all the passions in the mind thou vilest art.
—Tsaac Clason, — Spenser.

JEALOUSY! thou merciless destroyer,
More cruel than the grave! what ravages

Does thy wild war make in noblest bosoms! —Afailet.
S envy pines at good possessed, And if success his steps attend,
So jealousy looks forth distressed Discerns a rival in a friend,
On good that seems approaching; And hates him for encroaching. E
—Cowper, a\(5
166

EE . as

fpdrangea fjortensia, Narurat Orper: Saxifragacee—Saxifrage Family,

©} O28 They are said to bloom best in a rather shady location, as they

—Young.
O spake the apostate angel, though in pain E rise in glory, as we sink in pride;
Vaunting aloud, but rack’d with deep despair. Where boasting ends, there dignity begins.
—AMilton. —Young.

—Shakespeare.
HIS self-conceit is a most dangerous shelf, RAWN by conceit from reason’s plan,
Where many have made shipwreck unawares; How vain is that poor creature, man!
He who doth trust too much unto himself, How pleas’d in ev’ry paltry elf
Can never fail to fall in many snares. To prate about that thing, himself.
—Ear!l of Sterline. —Churchill,

tty dranges,

Oy
OV

rp.

Z, sustenance, this plant has been called Hydrangea, from the
a" Greek udor, water, and aggos, a pail. It was called Hortensia

Tike

by the French botanist, Commerson, in honor of his friend,
: Madame Hortense Lapeaute. This species is supposed to be
‘.5,a native of China. Its stem is from one to three feet high,
Shaving large, oval leaves. The flowers, which continue in
4 bloom for several months, are at first green, passing through the
various hues of straw-color, sulphur, yellow, white, purple, and pink.

become blasted or scorched by the extreme heat of the sun.

Boasting.

AKE up no more than you by worth can claim;
Lest soon you prove a bankrupt in your fame.

ONCEIT, more rich in matter than in words,
Brags of his substance, not of ornament:
They are but beggars that can count their worth.

HAT art thou? Have not I
An arm as big as thine? a heart as big?
Thy words, I grant, are bigger; for I wear not
My dagger in my mouth. —Shakespeare,

167

woe

<r

—->

ttyssay.

fpssopus officinalis. Naturat Orver: Labiate—Mint Family.

Sa) in their purifications (Exodus xii, 22). It is found in abun-

‘4 dance on the hills of Palestine near Jerusalem. It. is about
y, i) YEtwo feet high, with a bushy stalk, an aromatic smell, and a
A pungent taste. The common species is a native of Europe. It:
=°is a handsome plant, having bright blue flowers and delicate leaves.
It is usually cultivated for its medicinal properties. The name of this

plant is derived from the Hebrew ezod, through the Greek ussopos.

Puritication.

LEST are the pure! Would’st thou be blest?

He'll cleanse thy spotted soul. Would’st thou find rest?
Around thy toils and cares He’ll breathe a calm,
And to thy wounded spirit lay a balm:
From fear draw love, and teach thee where to seek

Lost strength and grandeur with the bowed and meek.
; —Dana.

AST my heart’s gold into the furnace flame, HE grew a sweet and sinless child,

And if it comes not thence refined and pure, In sun and shadow, calm and strife —
I'll be a bankrupt to thy hope, and heaven A rainbow on the dark of life,

Shall shut its gates on me. From love’s own radiant heaven down smiled.
—Mrs. Sigourney. —Massey.

ROM purity of thought all pleasure springs,
And from an humble spirit all our peace.
—Young.
ASH me with thy tears! draw nigh me,

IKE bright metal on a sullen ground,
That their salt may purify me!

My reformation, glittering o’er my fault,
Shall show more goodly, and attract more eyes, Thou remit my sins, who knowest

Than that which hath no foil to set it off. All the sinning, to the lowest.
— Shakespeare. —From the Greek (trans. by E. B. Browing).

ET time serves, wherein you may redeem
Your banished honors, and restore yourselves

i

Into the good thoughts of the world again. — Shakespeare. éF

dce-Dlant,

Mesembryanthemum crpstallinum, Narurar Orver: Mesembryacee —
Lce-Plant Family.

PRRO.OT a little curious and attractive, this plant has its foliage
Ss Yentirely covered with protuberances about the size of grains
of barley, that appear like the most transparent ice, whence
Te is called crystallinum; the other part of its scientific name,
3 from the Greek, denotes Midday Flower. The branches

os are trailing, from ten to twelve inches in length, and pro-
duce white flowers during the whole summer. It is from Greece.
There have been some new varieties introduced from the Cape of
i % Good Mage, that are adapted for conservatory culture, the flowers

% combined. They require very little moisture in winter, once or
aw twice a month being sufficient, but the quantity should be increased
to a generous allowance when the blossoms begin to appear. The
different varieties, of which there are several hundred, have quite a
diversity of foliage.

Hormatity,

H, she is colder than the mountain’s snow;
To such a subtle purity she’s wrought,
She’s aes and fasted to a walking thought.

» —Crown.

O dews of love can warm the iceberg heart, The sculptur’d beauty of her marble face
Or melt the Alpine snows upon her breast; Is chill and cold as e’er was marble stone;
E’en flowers cease to spread their leaves apart, Those veinlets blue, that o’er her temples trace,
If by her chilling foot they ’re prest. Are like a springlet from a glacier thrown.
—C. HA. T.
HOSE glances work on me like the weak shine ANST thou no kindly ray impart,
The frosty sun throws on the Appenine, Thou ‘strangely beauteous one?
When the hills’ active coldness doth go near Fairer than fairest work of art,
To freeze the glimmering taper to his sphere. Yet cold as sculptured stone!
—Beaumont. —Ordway, (

ny

S¢pe = rm

dndian Mallow,

Abutilon Avice. Natrurar Orver: Malvacee —Mallow Family.

{, Mallows bear the colder climates with an easy adaptability to
<° circumstances, and favor us with their flowers -without stint.
, The plant, as the name indicates, is a native of the East and
Lo West Indies, growing about the height of the hollyhock, hav-

ing broad, velvety leaves, and producing flowers about an inch
. across, the color of which is yellow. Another species of Abutilon, adapted
only to house or conservatory growth, is a shrub from Brazil, growing
several feet in height, with broad, palmate leaves, and handsome, bell-
shaped flowers of yellow, curiously veined with a dark red. Planted in
the ground in the greenhouse, the trunk becomes several inches in thick-
ness, but can accommodate itself to limited quarters in pot culture. To
bloom well it must have the sun. The origin of the name Abutilon is
unknown; Avicenna was a celebrated Arabian physician and philosopher
of the middle ages.

Bistimation,

HE attracts me daily with her gentle virtues,

So soft, and beautiful, and heavenly.
—Fames A. Hillhouse.

RIENDSHIP is no plant of hasty growth, OW much to be priz’d and esteem’d is a friend,

Tho’ planted in esteem’s deep-fixed soil, On whom we can always with safety depend!
The gradual culture of kind intercourse Our joys, when extended, will always increase,
Must bring it to perfection. © —oanna Baillie, And griefs, when divided, are hush’d into peace.

—Mrs. Margaret Smith,

HOU gav’st me that the poor do give the poor,
Kind words and holy wishes, and true tears;
The loved, the near of kin, could do no more,
Who changed not with the gloom of varying years,
But clung the closer when I stood forlorn,

—Mrs, Norton,

And blunted slander’s dart with their indignant scorn.

170 a:

DJpomeca,

Quamoclit vulgaris. NaturaL OrvER: Convolvulacee—Convolvulus Family.

cate and airy appearance, its leaves being small and feather-
like, and the stem slender, growing to about eight or ten
7; feet in length. The flowers are small but beautifully bril-
; liant, and very abundant. One or two new varieties have

with the crimson or scarlet, produce a pretty effect when trained
upon a trellis or other support. The seeds are somewhat difficult of
germination, and should be soaked in warm water for a short time
ay before planting, otherwise they are apt to decay before sprouting. This

, vine passes variously under the names Ipomcea (from the Greek, and
NS signifying, like the ips, a vine worm), Quamoclit, and Cypress Vine,
and is nearly related to the morning glories and others passing under
S¥ the general name of Convolvulus.

Atlachment.

UT golden padlocks on truth’s lips, be callous as ye will,
From soul to soul, o’er all the world leaps one electric thrill.

—Lowell.
Hi! there is one affection which no stain ’Tis an attraction from all sense refined;
Of earth can ever darken; when two find, The good can only know it; ’tis not blind,
The softer and the manlier, that a chain As love is unto baseness; its desire
Of kindred taste has fastened mind to mind: Is but with hands entwin'd to lift our being higher.
. —Percival,
N many ways does the full heart reveal
The presence of the love it would conceal.
—Coleridge.
EA! but human love to me Love is sweeter far than rest —
Is so near divine, That alone I know —
That my heart clings yearningly And the soul that loves me best
Even to life like mine. Will not let me go.
—Mary B. Dodge.

171

Seon sy

Apoamapysis.

Gilia covonopifolia. Narurat Orver: Polemoniacee —Polemonium Family.

ns al)
ECAUSE of its finely pinnatifid foliage, nearly resembling the
cypress vine, this plant used to be, and perhaps is still, in
some localities, called Standing Cypress; but it belongs to
another class of plants. It is a handsome plant, though not
blooming until the second year. Seeds should be sown every
; spring for the next year’s blooming, as should be done with
Z all biennials, in order to have them every summer. The first year, the
. Ipomopsis rests like a tuft of finely-cut leaves close to the ground, and
should be removed and kept in sand free from moisture and hard frost,
or, if left in the ground, the soil must be well drained, as they are liable
to decay with much dampness. The second year, the stalk rises and
branches, covering itself with thread-like foliage, while its tubular flowers
of scarlet, yellow, or rose, surround its stems for a foot or more.

f

Suspensy.

H*® has jumped the brook, he has climbed the knowe,
There ’s never a faster foot, I know,

But still he seems to tarry. —Sidney Dobell.
E not long, for in the tedious minutes, H! how impatience gains upon my soul
Exquisite interval, I’m on the rack; When the long-promis’d hour of joy draws near;
For sure the greatest evil man can know, How slow the tardy moments seem to roll,
Bears no proportion to this dread suspense. What specters rise of inconsistent fear.
/ —Frowde, —Mrs, Tighe.
THAT man might know
The end of this day’s business, ere it come!
But it sufficeth that the day will end,
And then the end is known. —Shakespeare,
O tedious is this day, ND there are hearts that watch and wait
As is the night before some festival For those who toil upon the shore:
To an impatient child that hath new robes, Their welcome footstep at the gate
And may not wear them. —Shahespeare. Is heard—ah! nevermore! —George Cooper.

a

172 oh

AD:

— a
Dvis,

Iris sambucina. Natura Orverr: J/ridacee —TLris Family,

3

TERA I
V0 be
4 hy

“and are quite common in our own gardens. There are three

other varieties of the Iris which are very pretty. The first
rs “ORs a tall plant from the Levant, with sulphur-yellow flowers;
1 the second is from China, being a small plant with striped flowers;

A Messenger.

ACH mind is press’d, and open every ear,

~ To- hear new tidings, though they no way joy us
—Fairfax.
HE rabble gather round the man of news, ET the first bringer of unwelcome news
And listen with their mouths wide open: some Hath but a losing office; and his tongue
Tell, some hear, some judge of news, some make it, Sounds ever after as a sullen bell,
And he that lies most loud is most believed. Remember’d knolling a departing friend.
—Dryden. — Shakespeare.
ET me hear from thee by letters
Of thy success in love; and what news else
Betideth here, in absence of thy friend.
% — Shakespeare.
E whistles as he goes, light-hearted wretch, RIS there, with humid bow,
Cold and yet cheerful; messenger of grief Waters the odorous banks that blow
Perhaps to thousands, and of joy to some; Flowers of more mingled hue
To him indifferent whether grief or joy. ‘Than her purpled scarf can show.
—Cowper. —.Vilton.
IVE to a gracious message
An host of tongues; but let ill tidings tell
\ Themselves, when they be felt. — Shakespeare. tf

in}
SP 3 avi 5y

ean) oor
ne “=A

oor er

Duy.

Hhedera helix. NaTuRAL ORvER: Araliacee—Ginseng Family.

SSS EOS

PVY is an evergreen vine, native of Great Britain, and attains
the height of forty or fifty feet, sustaining itself by tufts of
fibers, which insert themselves into the crevices of the walls
that support it. Hedera is its old Latin name, and helix in
Greek and Latin signifies twisted. After having grown to its
utmost height, its climbing character ceases, “the leaf changes
from a palmate to a lengthened oval shape; it then forms a bush two
or three feet high, surmounted by an abundance of branches of inter-
esting greenish flowers” that bloom in October. They frequently attain
a great age. One is mentioned by De Candolle as being four hundred
and thirty-three years old, which measured six feet in circumference at

times crowned with grape leaves as the god of wine.

asting Hriendsip.

HE clung to him with woman’s love,
Like ivy to the oak,

While on his head, with crushing force,
Earth’s chilling tempest broke.

[~AST he stealeth on, though he wears no wings, And his leaves he gently waves,
And a staunch old heart has he! And he joyously twines and hugs around
How closely he twineth, how tight he clings The rich mould of dead men’s graves,
To his friend, the huge oak tree! Creeping where no life is seen,
And slily he traileth along the ground, A rare old plant is the ivy green.
—Charles Dickens,

HAD a friend that lov’d me—
I was his soul: he liv’d not but in me;
We were so close within each other’s breast
The rivets were not found that join’d us first. :

—Dryden,
hase I 74 1
Age Shs —enhs.

Hasmine--dMhite,

Jasminun officinale, Narurar Orver: Fasminacee —Fasmine Family.

N HITE JASMINE is a splendid shrub, climbing on supports
fi "to a height of fifteen or twenty feet, and is much used in

leat Europe for the covering of arbors and trellises. It is not
ji * sufficiently hardy to endure the winters of our Northern
os, States without the protection of a wall or other building to
defend it from the fierce breath of the ungenial north wind.
. Its flowers are beautiful and fragrant, and their praises have been beau-
tifully sung by Lord Morpeth (afterward earl of Carlisle), who says:

“T ask not, while I near thee dwell,
Arabia’s spice or Syria’s rose;
Thy bright festoons more freshly smell,
Thy virgin white more freshly glows.”

There is in the tropical parts of the United States a fine Jasmine with beautiful
yellow blossoms, that is heavily laden with delightful perfume. It is now culti-
vated in all warm climes, but was unknown in Europe until 1560, when it was
introduced by the Spaniards from the East.

Amiabitity.

HE twining jessamine and blushing rose
With lavish grace their morning scents disclose.

—Prior.
ND oft when from that scorching shore, Far, far away across the foam:
In after years those odors came, The very jasmine-flower that crept
He pictured his green cottage door, Round the thatched roof about his home
The shady porch and window frame, Where she he loved then safely slept.
—Miller.
OW lovelily the jasmine flower Though faded, yet ’tis not forgot;
Blooms far from man’s observing eyes; A rich perfume, time cannot sever,
And having lived its little hour, Lingers in that unfriended spot,
There withers,— there sequester’d dies! And decks the jasmine’s grave forever. fi
i —Ryan. y

be 175 oon

But he was beckoned to the stranger’s seat,
Right side the chimney fire of blazing peat.

The long-remembered beggar was his guest,
Whose beard descending swept his aged breast.
The ruined spendthrift, now no longer proud, won.

duniper,

Juniper conmunis. Narurar Orver: Conifere— Pine Family.

_ UNIPER belongs to an order which is among the most useful to
en mankind, not only for the lumber which they yield, but also for
the medicinal properties which lie in their resinous juices. The
\, Juniper inhabits hills, dry woods and groves, and is about eight
"feet high. The berries do not ripen until the second year after
the blossom; they are sometimes used in medicine. The Juniper
Te was formerly dedicated to Megzra, Tisiphone and Alecto, the three

om Asylum,

HE night, at least, with me forget your care;

Chestnuts, and curds, and cream, shall be vour fare.
—Dryden.

HEREIN he them full fair did entertain,

E knocked, was welcomed in, none asked his name,
Not with such forged shows as fitter, been

Nor whither he was bound, nor whence he came;
For courting fools, that courtesies would faine,

But with entire affection and appearance plain.

—Spenser,

—Campbell.

E thought them folks that lost their way,
And ask’d them civilly to stay. —Prior.

Claimed kindred there and had his claim allowed;
The broken soldier, kindly bade to stay,

Sate by his fire and talked the night away;
Wept o’er his wounds, or tales of sorrow done,

IS house was known to all the vagrant train,
He chid their wanderings but reliev’d their

pain ;

Shoulder’d his crutch and show'd how fields were
—Goldsmith,

HE man their hearty welcome first express’d,
A common settle drew for either guest,

Inviting each his bien | limbs to rest.
—Dryden.

iI

os

ze ai

Justicia,

Susticia carnea. Natura Orver: Acanthacee —Acanthus Family.

"LL the Justicias are half-shrubby plants from the tropical
» portions of the world, some of which are kept in the hot-
#house, and others, though few, in the greenhouse. The
Justicia carnea has flowers of a flesh-colored tint, with many
ein bloom at one time, which appear successively for a long
# }eseason. Justicia coccinea has scarlet blossoms which make

mee are some four or five other varieties, and all are fine plants. To
‘make them fine, healthy specimens, they require a strong light, or to
fe ro be kept near the glass, in moderately large pots, well drained.

FRemale Jiouctiness.

ER form was fresher than the morning rose
When the dew wets its leaves; unstained and pure

As is the lily, or the mountain snow. —Zhompson.
O wonder that cheek, in its beauty transcendant, HOU art beautiful, young lady,—
Excelleth the beauty of others by far; But I need not tell you this,
No wonder that eye is so rich and resplendent, For few have borne, unconsciously,
For your heart is a rose, and your soul is a star. The spell of loveliness.
; —Mrs. Osgood. ~-Whittier.

HE fairness of her face no tongue can tell,
For she the daughters of all woman race,

And angels eke in beautie doth excel. — Spenser.
HAT’S female beauty, but an air divine, HEN I approach
Through which the mind’s all gentle graces Her loveliness, so absolute she seems
shine? And in herself complete, so well to know
They, like the sun, irradiate all between; Her own, that what she wills to do or say
The body charms, because the soul is seen. Seems wisest, virtuousest, discreetest, best.
—Young. —Milton.

LAVISH planet reign’d when she was born,
And made her of such kindred mould to heav’n,

She seems more heav’n’s than ours. —Lee. éF

TROBE ITT

®ENNEDYA, a native of New South Wales, is found in the
s conservatory or greenhouse, occupying a prominent position

being as yet quite rare.

ae

((

or crimson flowers.

"arm and settled. The pots should be well drained.

Mental Beauty.

LL higher knowledge in her presence falls

Degraded, wisdom in discourse with her

Loses discount’nanced, and like folly shows.
—Milton.
: HAT ’S the brow,
Or the eye’s luster, or the step of air,

Or color, but the beautiful links that chain
The mind from its rare elements. —Willis.

ARK her majestic fabric! she ’s a temple
Sacred by birth, and built by hands divine;
Her soul ’s the deity that lodges there;
Nor is the pile unworthy of the god. —Dryden.

HINK of her worth, and think that God did mean
This worthy mind should worthy things embrace;

Blot not her beauties with thy thoughts unclean,

Nor her dishonor with thy passion base. —Sir F. Davies.

Sit paramount the graces; here enthron’d,
Celestial Venus, with divinest airs,

Of beauteous and sublime; here, hand in hand, Invites the soul to never-fading joy.
—Akenside,

IND, mind alone, (bear witness earth and heaven!)

The living fountains in itself contains

MIND of broad and vigorous scope,
A penetration quick and keen,
An insight into things unseen,

A liberal dower of faith and hope.
—Kate F. Hill.

148

The commonest variety has either blue
There are others with scarlet, purple, and
They grow readily from seed,

“can be grown in pots, or placed in the ground when the weather is

be

eer

{

Ladys Slipper,

Cypripedium pubescens. Narurar Order: Orchidaceae — Orchis Family.

=ZOST of these plants delight in damp, marshy ground, revel-
"a ing beside brooks, bending over springs, hiding in the
“borders of woods, and sporting on the boundless
F prairie; dancing to the music of the wind or the rippling
/ water with as much grace and ease as Terpsichore herself.

woods are very large, especially the above variety, which will
hold at least two tablespoonfuls of fluid, and is of a bright yellow
in color, with dark spots within the aperture. The shape is sim-
ilar to the blossoms of the Calceolarias of the greenhouse — that
is, like a pouch or bag.

Fitkteness.

HEY know how fickle common lovers are,
Their oaths and vows are cautiously believed,
, For few there are but have been once deceived.

—Dryden.
| Bie conquering tyrants you our breasts invade, NCONSTANT as the passing wind,
Where you are pleased to ravage for a while: As winter’s dreary frost unkind;
But soon you find new conquests out, and leave To fix her, ’twere a task as vain
The ravag’d province ruinate and bare. To count the April drops of rain.
— Otway. —Smollett.

EPROVE me not that still I change
With every changing hour,
For glorious nature gives me leave

In wave, and cloud, and flower.

Yon soft, light cloud, at morning hour, So yield I to the deepening light
Looked dark and full of tears: That dawns around my way;
At noon it seemed a rosy flower — Because you linger with the night.

Now gorgeous gold appears. Shall I my noon delay.

—Frances S. Osgood.
E vary from ourselves each day in mind,

Nor know we in ourselves, ourselves to find. W—eath.

te

Lake-flower,

Limnanthemum lacumosa, Narurar Orver: Gentianacee—Gentian Family.

os a HIS is a curious water plant, usually found in stagnant ponds
‘or quiet lakes, or even in rivers where the water has set
back in some hollow on its shore, and where the current
fails to stir its sleepy stillness. The leaves float on the sur-
face, the stems always accommodating their length to the
depth of the water. The flowers are small and white, from
a half to three-quarters of an inch broad, and arranged in the form
f° of an umbel, appearing one at a time on the top of the water and
expanding. It is sometimes called Floating Heart, and is found most
frequently in the States bordering on the Atlantic. Its botanical
W>.name is from the Greek “immne, a lake or pool, and anthemon, a
flower; the Latin /acunosa added, merely reduplicates the idea of

pond or marsh. There are at present but nine species enumerated.

Retirement,

OW much they err, who, to their interest blind,
Slight the calm peace which from retirement flows!
And while they think their fleeting joys to bind,

Banish the tranquil bliss which heav’n for man design’d.
—Mrs. Tighe.
EAR solitary groves where peace does dwell! Tun’d with the gentle murmur of the streams:

Sweet harbors of pure love and innocence! Upon whose banks, in various livery,

How willingly could I forever stray
Beneath the shade of your embracing greens,
List’ning to the harmony of warbling birds,

HE shadowy desert, unfrequented woods,

I better brook than flourishing, peopled towns:
There I can sit alone, unseen of any,
And to the nightingale’s complaining notes

Tune my distresses, and record my woes.

The fragrant offspring of the early year, [down,
Their heads, like graceful swans, bent proudly

See their own beauties in the crystal flood.
—Rochester.

H! by thy side,

Far from the tumult and the throng of men,
And the vain cares that vex poor human life,
’Twere happiness to dwell alone with thee,

And the wide, solemn grandeur of the scene.

— Shakespeare. —Mrs. Ellet, : |
180 o)

Lantana.

Lantana Mexicana. Natura Orver: Verbenacee —Vervain Family.

2ST is to the tropics that we are indebted for this beautiful
addition to our flora. The plants are shrubby, and can be
cultivated in the hothouse or conservatory, or may be placed
in the garden during summer. It grows very rapidly in the
ground, and many adopt the plan of placing it in a medium-
sized pot, and putting the pot along with the plant in the
ground, as that plan curtails the roots and prevents the plant from
growing too straggling, and thereby rewarding the cultivator with more
flowers. The blossoms have the peculiarity of coming out one color,
and passing through different shades to another color; a quality which
always gives a pleasing aspect to the plant. They are very suscep-
tible to frost.

Rigar.

foe many a stoic eye and aspect stern

Mask hearts where grief hath little left to learn.
—Byron,

HY stand’st thou idle here? lend me thy sword! H*s awful presence did the crowd surprise,
Many a nobleman is stark and stiff Nor durst the rash spectator meet his eyes:
Under the hoofs of vaunting enemies, Eyes that confess’d him born for kingly sway,

Whose deaths are unrevenged. So fierce they flashed intolerable day.
— Shakespeare. —Dryden,

EN who their duties know,

But know their rights, and, knowing, dare maintain them.
—Sir W. Fones.

His eye Tt too much lenity
Had that compelling dignity, And harmful pity must be laid aside.
His mien that bearing, haught and high, To whom do lions cast their gentle looks?
Which common spirits fear. —Scott. Not to the beast that would usurp their den;

Whose hand is that the forest bear would lick?
Not his that spoils her young before her face.

UST not earth be rent

Before her gems are found? ,
i —Mrs, Hemans. eee }
(as 181 os
a9 Ss
lan .
ae avi

Larkspur,

Delphintum grandifloram. Narurar Orver: Ranunculacee— Crowfoot Family.

SIBERIA is the native country of two of the prettiest species of
these plants, and they are consequently very hardy. All the
f varieties were much neglected a few years ago, but recently a

great deal of care has been taken with the double ones, some
Sj. of the shades of blue being very choice. Although the flowers
bloom in spikes, which render them unsuitable to the modern
style of bouquet, florists have overcome that difficulty by detaching
each blossom, giving it an artificial stem of broom-straw, or some-
thing similar, secured by a bit of thread or wire, and arranging
them as desirable. The perennial varieties are superior in every “way
to the annual ones. It is called Delphinium from a fancied resemblance
5 of the flower in shape to the dolphin, and grandiflorum because of
its large flowers.

jreuity.

AUGH not too much; the witty man laughs least:
For wit is news only to ignorance.
Less at thine own things laugh; lest in the jest

Thy person share, and the conceit advance.
—George Herbert.

ETHOUGHT it was the sound OME, sisters, cheer we up his sprights,
Of riot and ill-managed merriment, And show the best of our delights:
Such as the jocund flute and gamesome pipe We'll charm the air to give a sound,
Stirs up among the loose, unletter’d hinds. While you perform your antic round.
—Milton. — Shakespeare.

ARE to our coffin adds a nail, no doubt;

And every grin, so merry, draws one out.

—Dr. Walcot.
ILL the bowl with rosy wine, Today is ours; what do we fear?
Around our temples roses twine, Today is ours; we have it here;
And let us cheerfully a while, Let’s treat it kindly, that it may
Like the wine and roses, smile. Wish at least with us to stay.
Crowned with roses, we contemn Let ’s banish business, banish sorrow;
\ Gyges’ wealthy diadem. To the gods belongs tomorrow. !
& a 182 sere

ASOD

=
“os

Laurel,

Laurens nobilis, Narurar Orver: Lauracee—Laurel Family.

~° AUREL is a shrub which grows in height from four to six
5» feet, having a liberal supply of beautiful evergreen foliage, which
i> was much used by the ancients in decorating the brows of their
\(scheroes. Chaplets of Laurel were given as a reward to orators,
philosophers and poets. A®sculapius, the god of physic,
wears a crown of laurel, because of its power in the cure
of diseases. Daphne is said to have been changed into a laurel when
she fled from the embrace of Apollo, whence its botanical name; and
laureola, laurus (laurel), seem allied to the Latin /aus, praise. The
Laurel tree is of a very hot, acrid nature. It is always flourishing,
Je, never old, and conduces, according to the ancients, to divination and
Z% poetic raptures. The leaves, when put under the pillow, are said to
produce true dreams.

Glory.

LORIES, like glow-worms, afar off shine bright;
But look’d too near, have neither heat or light.

> —Webster.
ND should the aspiring man, that makes his gain LAS for human greatness! and alas
Of other’s hurts, not hurt himself for gain? For glory’s splendor on a mortal brow!
Not, when he stabs another for a purse, The stateliest realms must down to ruin pass,
Prick his own bosom for a dearer price, And mightiest monarchs to a mightier bow;
And wound his heart to laurel-crown his head. Alas! will death ne’er spare a gallant foe?
—Bird. —C. W. Everest.

LORY, like time, progression does require;
When it does cease t’ advance, it does expire.

—Lord Orrery.
LORY is like a circle in the water, HAT is glory? What is fame?
Which never ceaseth to enlarge itself, The echo of a long-lost name;
Till, by broad spreading, it disperse to nought. A breath, an idle hour’s brief talk.
—Shakespeare, —Motherwell.

OR this world’s glory
Is figur’d in the moon; they both wax dull,
And suffer their eclipses in the full. —Aveyn. i

183 . X

x, = aye

Lauvestine,

Diburnum Tins. Naturar Orver: Caprifoliacee —Honeysuckle Family.

3 IBURNUM or Laurestine is a fine, handsome, evergreen

shrub, a native of Europe, and in our Northern States is
‘ ‘considered as more adapted for the house than the lawn,
{Owhere it can be placed, in the Southern States. The flowers
ae in small clusters, and are scarcely a pure white, having a
\ slight tinge of red; they appear in early spring. There is a new,
OR * sweet-scented variety from China, but it is said to bloom less freely.

3 Some few others are also desirable, and no doubt in a few years they

- will become thoroughly hardy, as they lack but little of the required
f amount of vigor. .

Wes % Din if eqtected.

Y heart seems breaking, Philip, as I linger all alone,
And there comes no sound of comfort save the ocean’s restless moan;
I stretch my arms to heaven, and pray for your return,

But the hope that dies, and the love that lives, can only pant and yearn.
—Christian Reid.

HERE, as she sought repose, her sorrowing heart Those eyes still swim incessantly in tears;

Recall’d her absent love with bitter sighs; Hope in her cheerless bosom fading dies,
Regret had deeply fix’d the poison’d dart, Distracted by a thousand cruel fears,
Which ever rankling in her bosom lies: While banish’d from his love forever she appears.
In vain she seeks to close her weary eyes, —Mrs, Tighe.

BOAT at midnight sent alone
To drift upon the moonless sea,
A lute whose leading chord is gone,
A wounded bird that hath but one
Imperfect wing to soar upon,
Are like what I am without thee.

—Moore,
YAIR tree of winter! fresh and flowering, Green are thy leaves, more purely green
When all around is dead and dry; Through every changing period seen;
Whose ruby buds, though storms are lowering, And when the gaudy months are past,

Spread their white blossoms to the sky. Thy loveliest season is the last. —sfontoomery.
fey . 8
oD To4
Piast tN

QD

a cron sn
— are Pal
ae cai

aN
ie

Lavender,

Lavandula spica, Naturar Orver: Labiate—Mint Family.

& 9
a3 re

~ (UROPE produces immense fields of Lavender, grown for the
sake of the flowers, from which is obtained the perfume
= Os that is sold by all druggists and perfumers.
ie pleasant, agreeable odor. The Latin word from which it is
= aes derived is Javare, to bathe, and brings to mind the marble

baths of the early Greeks and Romans, when the most exqui-
site of sculpture, the most beautiful productions of art and nature,
were gathered together for their adornment, and flowers and spices
were rifled of their sweets to add to the sumptuousness and luxurious-
ness of their ablutions.

It has a very

It is a perennial of easy culture, about

Ne} eighteen inches high, delightfully aromatic, and bears purple flowers.
S$ The oil possesses tonic and stimulative properties, and is used in
GGA 3

medicine.

Gunfession.

ND lavender, whose spikes of azure bloom
Shall be erewhile in arid bundles bound,
To lurk amidst her labors of the loom,
And crown her kerchiefs clean with mickle rare perfume.
—Shenstone,
WEET lavender! I love thy flower
Of meek and modest blue,

Thou art not like the fickle train
Our adverse fates estrange;
Which meets the morn and evening hour, Who in the day of grief and pain

The storm, the sunshine, and the shower, Are found deceitful, light and vain,

And changeth not its hue. For thou dost never change.

But thou art emblem of the friend,
Who, whatsoe’er our lot,

The balm of faithful love will lend,

And, true and constant to the end,

May die, but alter not.

—Strickland.

BLUSH to think what I have said —
But fate has wrested the confession from me:
\ Go on, and prosper in the paths of honor;

18
y2 ya 5

Thy virtue will excuse my passion for thee,

And make the gods propitious to our love.
—Addison.

i

Lemon Dlossom,

Citrus limonmm. Natura Orver: Auranticee —Orange Family.

4

‘tree of easy culture in any climate (excepting, of course, the
frigid zone), if given the protection of the house in winter, in
“ cold latitudes. The foliage is small, glossy, dark and ever-
green; the flowers similar to the orange, and very fragrant.
The fruit, as everyone knows, is a beautiful yellow, and is
# very aromatic, and the pulp is filled with a most excellent, cooling,
acid juice. When loaded with fruit, such as is to be seen in tropical

Discretion,

RUDENCE protects and guides us; wit betrays;
A splendid source of ill ten thousand ways.

—Dryden.
EAR me, Pomona, to thy citron groves, ONSULIT your means, avoid the tempter’s wiles,
To where the lemon and the piercing lime, Shun grinning hosts of unreceipted files,

With the deep orange glowing thro’ the green, Let heaven-ey’d prudence battle with desire,

Their lighter glories blend. —Thompson, And win the victory, though it be through fire.
—Fames T. Fields.

UT now, so wise and wary was the knight,
By trial of his former harms and cares,
That he decry’d, and shunned still his sight.
The fish that once was caught, new bait will hardly bite.

— Spenser.
HUS I shall be fairer to your untried thought, E knows the compass, sail and oar,
Than if all my living into yours were wrought. Or never launches from the shore;
Hearts’ dreams are the sweetest in a lonely nest: Before he builds, computes the cost,
Leave me while you love me—this is surely best! And in no proud pursuit is lost.
—Howard Glyndon. —Gay.
ONE pities him that’s in the snare,
And, warn’d before, would not beware.
—Herrick,
Ky 186 =
7: ae aan

4

Lettuce.

Lactuca sativa. Natura Orver: Composite—Aster Family.

«

the first to appear on the table in spring, when man as well as
beast hungers for the green things of the field. Of the many
kinds, each puts forward some especial claim to our attention,
from the loose, curled leaves of the one, to the close, compact

SSheads of the other; but crisp and tender they must be, to
form the appetizing salads of which they are the chief ingredient.
They are of very ancient cultivation, as they are mentioned by several
Latin authors, and the selling of lettuce formed the occupation of people
in those days as now in our own. Lettuce dealers were called Lactu-
carius, though they probably sold other vegetables. After the season

Cc jis over, the plants are allowed to go to seed. The stalk is about two
' feet high, filled with a milky juice; and the flowers are a pale yellow,
numerous, but rather small in size.

Gold Hearted.

HAVE not from your eyes that gentleness
And show of love, as I was wont to have.

—Shakespeare.
OUR coldness I heed not, your frown I defy; IS heart was all on honor bent,
Your affection I need not —the time has gone by, He could not stoop to love;
When a blush or a smile on that cheek could beguile No lady in the land had power
My soul from its safety, with witchery’s smile. His frozen heart to move.
—Mrs. Osgood. —Anonymous.

OT the basilisk
More deadly to the sight, than is to me
The cool, ingenious eye of frozen kindness.

—Gay.
OUR breast is heaped like mountain snows, I do not flatter like a fool —
Your cheek is like a blushing rose, The diamond is a cutting tool,
Your eyes are black as ripened sloes, The rose is thorny, snow is cool,
\ Like diamonds do they glitter. And sloes are very bitter.
A 187

xs

We xs

Lilac,

Springa Persica. Naturat Orver: Oleacee—Olive Family.

id Fens LILAC varies from the common varieties, both in

>

; av; size and foliage, which is sometimes entire, and again cleft.
I / The flowers are white or purplish, and bloom in spikes. Our
‘common Lilac is a native of Hungary, and is very popular
(as an early visitor in spring, when it gladdens the bower

. ‘with its odor and blossoms. The Latin name ies has

P name of any kind of reed or cane that can be ellowel ¢ out to form a
oe pipe or rustic flute. The Greek and Latin shepherds were very fond
{of this humble instrument, upon which they used to improvise their
"simple tunes as they wandered with their flocks from one fragrant field
oS, to another, or played for each other’s entertainment as they rested sur-
<6rounded by their sleeping herds at night. The branches of the Lilac
© have a center filled with pith, which can be easily removed by running
a stout wire or other substance through them.

Awakening Jroug.

[ee never fails to master what he finds,
But works a different way in different minds:
The fool enlightens, and the wise he blinds.

—Dryden.
MAID! with eyes whose azure Love hath found me sitting lonely,
Holds a happy, joyous gleam, Whispered soft a charméd word;
What hath charmed thy listless leisure — Evermore my heart beats only
Made thy life a fairy dream? To the music of that word.
—G. Hamlin,
Love is a god,
Strong, free, unbounded; and, as some define,
Fears nothing, pitieth none: such love is mine.
—Mason.
HAD so fixed my heart upon her, With which I used to sweeten future cares:
That whereso’er I framed a scheme of life I fancied pleasures, none but one who loves
For time to come, she was my only joy, And doats as I did can imagine like them.
—Otway.
(P a

as 188 eB

Se

h

en “=a

Lily.

Lilium candidtum. Narurar Orver: Liliacee—Lily Family.

ff REEK keirion, interpreted to signify wanting in color, or pale,
is the origin of the Latin Zum, as that is of the English lily.
The Lilies are bulbous plants, having long, tapering leaves,
and flowers of most exquisite beauty. They are cultivated
without much labor. The above is pure white. The most
oth “+ beautiful of all lilies are those from China and Japan, being
© very rich in color, and larger in size than our native plants. The
f Lilium candidum is a native of the Levant. The Lily seems to vie
i with the daisy for its share of musical honors, for many is the lyre
«, s “that has been tuned to its praises. Mrs. Tighe, in remarking that
s, there is no beauty in the bulb, says:

ars bet

Pe

“Yet in that bulb, those sapless scales,
The lily wraps her silver vest —
Till vernal suns and vernal gales
Shall kiss once more her fragrant breast.”

Purity.

So has no blossom fairer than thy form;
Winter no snow-wreath purer than thy mind;
The dewdrop trembling to the morning beam

Is like thy smile — pure, transient, heaven-refin’d.
—Mrs. Lydia Fane Pierson.

HERE is a pale and modest flower Though other flowers around me bloom,
In garb of green array’d, In gaudy splendor drest,

That decks the rustic maiden’s bower, Filling the air with rich perfume,
And blossoms in the glade; I love the lily best.

—Anonymous,

| HAD found out a sweet, green spot
Where a lily was blooming fair;

The din of the city disturbed it not;

But the spirit that shades the quiet cot

With its wings of love was there.
—Fames G. Percival.

189

(= soo
: 7

&
Rily of the Valley,
Convallaria majalis, Narurat Orver: Liliacee—Lily Family.

4

«HEN wandering through the woods and sweetly-sleeping

A

vales, in early May, we find this beautiful plant peering up
K@8its head, crowned with umbels of white, odoriferous, and
emodest flowers. It should be a frequent denizen of our
gardens, for its own modest beauty, as well as for its classic
association, having been the theme of poets of all ages. Clumps

of the roots can be obtained of almost any seedsman, and once set will

too many. In the vicinity of Matlock, England, there are many acres
“covered with this plant, which, when in bloom, attract many visitors,
and the spot is known in that section of the country as the Via Gellia.

Return of Happiness.

Y sated senses seem afloat upon a waveless sea;

For all around me, all above, is beauteous harmony!
—Sallie A. Brock.

BREEZY noise, which is not breeze, A rain of dew, till, wetted so,

And white-clad children by degrees The child who held the branch let go,
Steal out in troops among the trees. And it swang backward with a flow
Fair little children, morning-bright, Of faster drippings. Then I knew
With faces grave, yet soft to sight, The children laughed—but the laugh flew
Expressive of restrained delight. . From its own chirrup, as might do
Some plucked the palm boughs within reach, A frightened song-bird; and a child
And others leaped up high to catch Who seemed the chief, said, very mild,
The upper boughs, and shake from each “Hush! keep this morning undefiled.”

—Mrs. Browning.

AIR flower, that, lapt in lowly glade,
Dost hide beneath the greenwood shade,
Than whom the vernal gale
None fairer wakes, on bank, or spray,
Our England's lily of the May,
\ Our lily of the vale! _avane,

spr

pe 1g0 IN

Lion's Heart,

Phyvsostegia Dirginiana. Natura. Orver: Labiate—Mint Family.

are

AY) States, this plant may occasionally be found beautifying our
Wi

S
q

OFS

in height, with a square, thick, upright stem. The leaves
= appear opposite each other, and are large and glossy, and
_a dark green in color. The flowers are on the tops of the branches,
Y in a four-rowed spike. They are a pale purple in tint, with spots
“on the inner side. The plant blooms freely during August and
%@ September. There are no special virtues ascribed to the Physos-
§ tegia. The botanical name (from the Greek) signifies a bladder-like
» covering, from the puffed or inflated appearance of the corolla.

Bravery.

OMMANDING, aiding, animating all,
_ Where foe appear’d to press, or friend to fall.

—Byron.
HE brave man seeks not popular applause, HE brave man is not he who feels no fear,
Nor, overpower’d with arms, deserts his cause; For that were stupid and irrational;
Unshamed, though foiled, he does the best he can; But he whose noble soul its fear subdues,
Force is of brutes, but honor is of man. And bravely dares the danger nature shrinks from.
—Dryden. —Foanna Baillie.
True valor
Lies in the mind, the never-yielding purpose,
/ Nor owns the blind award of giddy fortune.
—Thompson.
IGHT valiantly today; O fire nor foe, nor fate, nor night,
And yet I do thee wrong to mind thee of it, The Trojan hero did affright,
For thou art framed of the firm truth of valor. Who bravely, twice, renewed the fight.
— Shakespeare. — Sir. F. Denham.

DARE do all that may become a man;
\ Who dares do more is none. — Shakespeare. (

39 191 cals

Loasa,

Loasa lateritia. Narurat Orpver: Loasacee —Loasa Family.

77, ORMING a class of plants by themselves, the Loasas give
_, their name to an order of which there have been discovered
about seventy species; and those of peculiar beauty. Some
of them recline their long, branching stems upon the ground,
like the golden bartonia; others, like the Loasa, grow to a

cf flowers are curious; the outer petals, of which there are five, have
Jes each a hooded appearance, while within the center are five more of

a delicate fringe. In training the plant, gloves should be used, as
the hairs with which the plant is covered produce a stinging sensa-
tion. The blossoms are red or yellow. Pleasures, like this plant,
require some precaution in handling, lest they sting in the enjoyment.

Pleasurg.

LEASURE with instruction should be joined;
So take the corn, and leave the chaff behind.

—Dryden.
UT pleasures are like poppies spread — HERE rich varieties of joy
You seize the flower, its bloom is shed; Continual feast the mind;
Or like the snow-fall in the river,— Pleasures which fill, but never cloy,
A moment white, then lost forever. Immortal and refined.
—Burns. —Anne Steele.

E may roam through this world like a child at a feast,
Who but sips of a sweet and then flies to the rest;
And when pleasure begins to grow dull in the east,
We may order our wings and be off to the west.

—Moore.
ND while the face of outward things we find »'TIS time short pleasure now to take,
Pleasant and fair, agreeable and sweet, Of little life the best to make,
\ These things transport. —Sir F. Davies. And manage wisely the last stake.
—Cowley.

K

pe, ie aa

Lobelia,

Lobelia fulgens. Narurar Orver: Lobeliacee —Lobelia Family.

is difficult to select from this class of plants the one pos-
sessing the most claims to our attention, as they are all
ie exceedingly pretty, though very diverse in habit. Some of
them grow upright, others spread their slender branches in
s, the most wanton manner. There are about eighty species
SCIZS of them, which, with the exception of about a dozen, are
natives of the Cape of Good Hope. These have been improved by
hybridizing. The flowers of most of them are an exquisite blue, a few
are white, and others are of the different shades of crimson, purple,
maroon and scarlet. The delicate varieties are fine for hanging-baskets,
tthe upright ones for garden or window culture.

Qateuntence.

E hated men too much to feel remorse,

And thought the voice of wrath a sacred call,

To pay the injuries of some to all. —Byron.
Ce keep my way alone, and burn away — SEE thou art implacable, more deaf
Evil or good I care not, so I spread To prayers than winds and seas; yet winds and seas
Tremendous desolation on my road; Are reconciled at length, and sea and shore;
I'll be remember’d as huge meteors are; Thy anger, unappeasable, still rages,
From the dismay they scatter. —Proctor, Eternal tempest, never to be calm. —Milton.

HERE are some things I cannot bear,
Some looks which rouse my angry hate,
Some hearts whose love I would not share,

Till earth and heaven were desolate. — wits.
UT turn the heart’s sweet current into gall, Grows venomous and fiery, and beneath
No earthly power can heal the deadly flow; Its blasting influence are wither’d up
°T will poison the affections, till the blood The springs of love and hope. —Mrs. Hale.

HEY did not know how hate can burn

In hearts once changed from soft to stern.
—Byron. ’

N
bts oh

Locust,

Robimia pseudacacia. Narurar Orver: Leguminose— Pulse Family.

Ny memory; and pseudacacia denotes false acacia. There are no
a extensive forests of this tree on the American continent, but
2 it is found mixed with other trees in various localities. It is

YS, much planted for groves and shade trees around rural residences. The
‘A foliage, though small, is beautiful, and during the spring an abundance
ei of fragrant blossoms burden the air with their perfume, The wood is

S

Vitissitudg,

UCH is life: all fair today, dark tomorrow, dull and gray;
Changing ever, like the moon, or the fleecy clouds of June.

—I. Hl. Clinch.
HUS doth the ever-changing course of things RE mirth can well her comedy begin,
Run a perpetual circle, ever turning; The tragic demon oft comes thundering in,
And that same day that highest glory brings, Confounds the actors, damps the merry show,
Brings us unto the point of back-returning. And turns the loudest laugh to deepest woe.
—Daniel. —Wilson.

On life is a waste of wearisome hours,
Which seldom the rose of enjoyment adorns;
And the heart that is soonest awake to the flowers,
Is always the first to be touch’d by the thorn.

—Moore.
S there no constancy in earthly things? What miseries we are, and to ourselves!
No happiness in us but what must alter? Ev’n then when full content seems to sit us,
No life, without the heavy load of fortune? What daily sores and sorrows.

—Beaumont and Fletcher.

HE pang that wrings the heart today,

Time’s touch will heal tomorrow.
—Mrs. Filet.

194 av

o> a

ETO

Lophospermum,

Lophospermum scandens. Natura Orver: Scrophulariacee—Figwort Family.

S@HIS vine is more frequently found in our greenhouses, but
it can be used in the garden if the seeds are started early
in the house or hotbed. The flowers are extremely hand-
some, being from two to three inches in length, tubular
in shape, expanding at the mouth, and in color pink or
% scarlet. There is a plant called Lophospermum rhodochiton
Cnecaguedy, that has brown flowers, and is sometimes called Rho-

* dochiton volubile.
" grow about ten feet in height.
words, /ophos and sferma, signifying crested seed;
_Latin, is translated climbing. The plant has been selected as the
emblem of ecstasy. Every heart should be filled with joy as abund-

Both are from Mexico and adjacent countries, and
The name is composed of two Greek
and scandens,

antly and feelingly as a luxuriant vine that spreads and airs itself
Yin sunny enjoyment.

kitstasy.

WELL, swell, my joys; and faint not to declare

Yourselves as ample as your causes are. —onson,

WAS born for rejoicing ; a “summer child,” truly! LL in a mesh of dreams entangled;

Oh, breathe thy words of rapt delight,
Sweet lips—twin petals of the rose bespangled
With the diamond dews of night!

—George Cooper.

And kindred I claim with each wild, joyous thing:
The light frolic breeze—or the streamlet unruly—

Or a cloud at its play—or a bird on its wing.
—Mrs. Ellet.

fi rete is no state in which the bounteous gods
Have not: placed joy, if men would seek it out.
—Crown.
Wer there is yet one day of life before me,

And, whatsoe’er betide me, I will enjoy it.
—Foanna Baillie.

HE paths of bliss are joyous, and the breast

Of thoughtless youth is easy to be blest.
—William Herbert.

OY loves to cull the summer flower,

And wreathe it round his happy brow.
—Fames G. Brooks.
195

Lupine,

Lupinus polpplypllus. NaTurRAL OrvDER: Leguminose— Pulse Family.

*"MONG our handsomest native plants, the Lupines find a
2 recognized place, more especially the above, which is a fine
variety from Oregon. Its height is from three to four feet,
the foliage soft and silky, and the flowers yellow, purple, or
0 white. There are numerous other varieties from different
parts of the United States, both annual and perennial. The
*\ Lupinus mutabilis (changeable) is from South America, and is said to
; be changeable in the color of its blossoms. The ancients used a spe-

BY. cies of Lupine for food, thinking it strengthened the intellect; and on
e the stage the seeds were used by the players instead of real money.
~y Lhe Latin name signifies wolfish, from /upus, a wolf, as it absorbs the
fertility of the soil, to the detriment of other things; and polyphyllus,

from the Greek, denotes many-leaved.

Ni

Varatinusness.

HE turnpike road to people’s hearts, I find,
Lies through their mouths, or I mistake mankind.

—Dr. Walcot.
es quite ashamed —’tis mighty rude ITTSIS holyday; provide me better cheer;
To eat so much— but all’s so good Tis holyday; and shall be round the year; .
I have a thousand thanks to give— Shall I my household gods and genius cheat,
My lord alone knows how to live. To make him rich who grudges me my meat?
"—Pofe. —Dryden.

OME men are born to feast, and not to fight;
Whose sluggish mind, e’en in fair honor’s field,

Still on their dinner turn. —Foanna Baillie.
EYOND the sense To dull satiety; till soft and slow
Of light refection, at the genial board A drowsy death creeps on th’ expansive soul,
Indulge not often; nor protract the feast Oppress’d and smother’d the celestial fire.
—Armstrong.
OT all on books their criticism waste,
The genius of a dish some justly taste,

‘i And eat their way to fame. —Young. i
rs 196 au
a . co:

(ay ays

cy >
Magnolia,
ftlagnolia grandiflora. Natura Orver: Magnoliacee —Magnolia Family.

EERE IAT

a ZF all the flowers bestowed upon the South, there is none to
JeQX@ which a Southerner refers with more pride than to the blos-
soms of this elegant tree. The Magnolia grandiflora flourishes
throughout most of the Gulf States and on the Atlantic coast
“as far north as North Carolina. It grows chiefly in swampy
= lands, yet attains its greatest height in a light, fertile soil,
where, if planted by itself, it will assume the shape of a perfect pyra-
mid. The leaves are evergreen, the old ones forming a striking con-
trast to the young and tender foliage, which is of a much lighter shade.
; The flowers are of the purest white, about eight or nine inches in
eg diameter, and fill the air with their honeyed fragrance. As the slight-
ait est injury causes the blossom to soon turn brown, they have often been
ES used as a medium of communication between lovers or friends. It was
only necessary to write the message with some pointed instrument on one of
the broad petals, and cause the flowers to be delivered in a bouquet to the
person desired, and the wounded parts would soon betray the secret committed
to the floral page.

Jove of Daturg.

ATURE is man’s best teacher. She unfolds
Her treasures to his search, unseals his eye,
Illumes his mind, and purifies his heart,

An influence breathes from all the sights and sounds

Of her existence; she is wisdom’s self. —S¢reet.
LOVE thee for the blossoms and the bees, The earth, the sun, and everything that’s fair,
The hills, the vales, the mountains and the seas; Above, below, all round and everywhere —
The winds, the clouds, the skies of azure blue, The soul, the mind, to their Creator call,
The moon, the stars, and planets circling through; To him, the Father, First and Last of all.
—Lalee,
NATURE! how in every charm supreme! HE green earth sends its incense up
Whose votaries feast on raptures ever new! From every mountain shrine —
O! for the voice and fire of seraphim, From every flower and dewy cup
To sing thy glories with devotion due! —Zeattie, That greeteth the sunshine. —wwrazzier,

a 121 ey

oe oe
Cf

Mallow,

_Malva sylvestris, Narurar Orver: Malvacee—Mallow Family.

=2@s)°ALUED at all times for their emollient properties (whence
© the name from the Greek malasso, 1 make soft, through the
Ko Latin ma/va), the Mallows are a mucilaginous order of
(© plants, allied to the hollyhock family. They are frequently
* found in rural gardens as ornaments. The above species is
about three feet high, with purplish-red flowers, and is called
* High Mallow, to distinguish it from the Low Mallow, a prostrate
af igs species, the seeds of which children call cheeses. The Mallow crispa
ih ton is a very tall annual from Syria, with very large, roundish leaves, the
ts ‘¥ borders of which are adorned with a very full, crisped or curled
ilies < ruffling, and would appear to advantage as a foliage plant in the

© borders in summer. ‘The Musk Mallow is from Great Britain, hav-

ING

NS ing very pretty flowers of a rose color, blooming in midsummer; the
& y pretty g 3

4 Ue
733

whole plant being pervaded by the odor from which it takes name.

Gundness.

OW far that little candle throws its beams!
So shines a good deed in a naughty world.

cays

—Shakespeare.
ORE sweet than odors caught by him who sails OOD, the more
Near spicy shores of Araby the blest, Communicated, more abundant grows;
A thousand times more exquisitely sweet, The author not impair’d, but honor’d more.
The freight of holy feeling which we meet ee
In thoughtful moments, wafted by the gales O be good is. to be happy; angels
From fields where good men walk, or bowers Are happier than men because they’re better
Wherein they rest. — Wordsworth. —Rowe.
AN should dare all things that he knows is right,
And fear to do no act save what is wrong;
But guided safely by his inward light,
And with a permanent belief, and strong,
In Him who is our Father and our Friend,
He should walk steadfastly unto the end. dp
8 —Phebe Carey. A i
SS oe

Maple-Hack.

Acer saccharimmm. Narurar Orver: Aceracee—Maple Family.

Maple in great abundance, forming in some districts a greater
part of the forests. It grows to a great height, has a some-
* what rough, gray bark, and in summer a fine crown of foliage,
USI(° which in fall takes on itself the most brilliant hues that
5 ! AY) 2) greet the eye in an autumn landscape, sporting through all
the shades from yellow to crimson, as if it had caught and imprisoned
the glorious colors of a sunset sky. The Black Maple is another tree
of the same class, both yielding the sap from which the sugar bearing
their name is manufactured.

Reserue.

OU know my wishes ever yours did meet:
If I be silent, ’tis no more but fear
That I should say too little when I speak.

—Lady Carew.
HE maples in the forest glow; Like living coals the red leaves burn;
On the lawn the fall flowers blaze; They fall, then turns the red to rust;
The landscape has a purple haze; They crumble, like the coals, to dust;
My heart is filled with warmth and glow. Warm heart, must thou to ashes turn?

— Sylvester Baxter.

H! what delight ’t would be,
Would’st thou sometimes by stealth converse with me!
How should I thy sweet commune prize,
And other joys despise!

Come, then! I ne’er was yet denied by thee.
—Fohn Norris.

ABJURE your sight; F thou canst feel,
Ev’n from my meditations and my thoughts Within thy inmost soul,
I banish your enticing vanities; That thou hast kept a portion back,
And, closely kept within my study walls, While I have staked the whole;
As from a cave of rest, henceforth I'll see Let no false pity spare the blow,
And smile, but never taste your misery. But in true mercy tell me so.
\ —Goffe. ~ Adelaide Anne Procter, i
— ss i
p> Lose er aa,

eee

Marigold,

: Gagetes erecta. Narurar Orver: Composite — Aster Family.

ya)
SSF ARIGOLDS are mostly herbs of tropical America, and

RY
Ake

BX. belong to the same order as the artemisia, chrysanthemum

ay

* and China aster, which order is said to comprehend

Sgt aaa haa

one-ninth of all flowering plants. The Tagetes is named in
honor of Tages, an Etrurian deity, a grandson of Jupiter,
“who is said to have sprung from the plowed earth, in the
form of a boy, and taught the Etrurians the art of foretelling events,
or divination. A description of so familiar a plant is almost un-
necessary, aS everyone must know it has the yellowest of flowers
and an abundance of them, interspersed with plumy foliage. The
French Marigold has dark, velvety blossoms, which, varying through
the different shades of maroon, are really pretty. All the varieties

a8
Cructty,
FT those whose cruelty makes many mourn,
Do by the fires which they first kindle burn.
—Earl of Sterline,
O counsel from our cruel wills can win us, OU are more inhuman, more inexorable,
But ills once done, we bear our guilt within us. O, ten times more, than tigers of Hyrcania.
—Fohn Ford. —Shakespeare.
WY didst thou fling thyself across my path?
My tiger spring must crush thee in its way,
But cannot pause to pity thee. —Maturin.
ET me be cruel, not unnatural; ANTASTIC tyrant of the amorous heart,
I will speak daggers to her, but use none. How hard thy yoke! how cruel is thy dart!
—Shakespeare, —Prior,

HOU art come to answer

A stony adversary, an inhuman wretch,

Incapable of pity, void and empty

From ev’ry drachm of mercy.
—Shakespeare,

pe 200 SBR

Marjorvam--Sweet,

Origanum majovana, Narurar Orver: Labiate— Mint Family.

4

pi some familiar, diminutive appellation that seemed to bring it
@jeinto closer association with humanity than our now high-
4 ji sounding names, this plant was called Sweet Marjory. It is
GY very aromatic, and is grown more frequently as an herb for
kitchen use than for ornament, and is useful in seasoning various
articles of food. The flowers are pink, blooming in spikes. It is a
Age native of Portugal. There is also a wild variety found in fields, and

sometimes in the woods, that has nearly white flowers, and much the

6: ; Same properties as the other. The literal meaning of the name (from
| é : :
Vee the Greek) is “joy of the mountain.”
O
Bhrshes.
ONFUSION thrill’d me then, and secret joy,
Fast throbbing, stole its treasures from my heart,
And mantling upward, turned my face to crimson.
—Brooke.
N Beauty’s lids the gem-like tear Just so the blush is formed—and flies —
Oft sheds its evanescent ray, Nor owns reflection’s calm control;
But scarce is seen to sparkle, ere It comes, it deepens—fades and dies,
*Tis chased by beaming smiles away; A gush of feeling from the soul.
—Anne Peyre Dinnies.
| Rien every blush that kindles in thy cheek,
Ten thousand little loves and graces spring,
To revel in the roses. —Rowe.
Bes I that old, old story had told — Tears that hung on her eyelids’ fringe
The story of anxious hopes and fears — Like dew on the fresh-born buds of May —
While over her ringlets’ dark-brown gold And her blushes deepened their roseate tinge,
Was falling a shower of pearly tears — As I tenderly kissed those tears away.

—Sallie A. Brock,
0” little blush that comes and goes,

Are you a blush, or yonder rose

T see reflected? —George Cooper.

201 “\

or Sy — 8.
Se

cw E Ng ;
MMatthiola,
Matthiola annua, Narurar OrveER: Crucifere—Mustard Family.

fy

a

; pe more attention in ee than it has in America. There it

yp is really the flower of the people; and in cities nearly every
> window ledge must have its pot of Stock, to cheer by its
presence, and serve as a reminder to its possessor, that there is a
world of nature outside and beyond the turmoil and strife of city life.
In the garden it is even more desirable, the plant assuming a pretty,
upright habit, branching symmetrically, with the flowers arranged
close around the upper parts of the stems or branches. The Ten-
week Stock is an annual and requires no particular care. The peren-
nial and biennial kinds should be protected during winter by some
covering —a hotbed sash, or something equally good, as in cold climates they
are apt to be winter-killed. They are all desirable plants; the colors are the
various shades of red, crimson, yellow, purple, white, blue and rose.

Promplituds,

EIZE, mortals, seize the transient hour;
Improve each moment as it flies:

Life ’s a short summer—man a flower.
—Anonymous.

HILST timorous knowledge stands considering, JET us take the instant by the forward top,

Audacious ignorance hath done the deed; For we are old, and on our quick’st decrees;
For who knows most, the most he knows to doubt; The inaudible, and noiseless foot of time
The least discourse is commonly most stout. Steals, ere we can effect them.
—Daniel, — Shakespeare.

AKE the instant way;

For honor travels in a strait so narrow,

Where one but goes abreast. —~ Shakespeare.
HUN delays, they breed remorse; Fly their fault, lest thou repent thee.
Take thy time, while time is lent thee; Good is best when soonest wrought;
Creeping snails have weakest force, Lingering labors come to naught.
— Southwell,
202
a) 2 rN
Lee

oeTen

Manvandia,

fHlaurandia sempervirens, NaruraL OrpER: Scrophulariacee—Figwort Family.

ANDSOME and delicate, the Maurandia is a delightful vine
for indoor culture, as its foliage is attractive and pretty, being
small and neat in shape, similar to the point of a spear, and
entirely unobtrusive. The flowers are about the size and
gi shape of the foxglove, and, in color, purple, white, or rose-
colored. They are most excellent for inserting in the sides
of hanging-baskets or window-boxes, and are used by florists for that
sopurpose. They are perennial, but as they bloom the first season after

2 perish on the approach of frost, except removed to the house. The
name has been given in honor of Prof. Maurandy.

Ouurtesy,

O gently blending courtesy and art,

That wisdom’s lips seem’d borrowing friendship’s heart.
—O. W. Holmes.

HEPHERD, I trust thy honest offered courtesy, A SMILE for one of mean degree,
Which oft is sooner found in lowly sheds A courteous bow for one of high,
So modulated both that each

And courts of princes. —Milton. Saw friendship in his eye.
—FHenry B. Hirst.

With smoky rafters, than in tap’stry halls

TUDY with care politeness, that must teach
The modish forms of gesture and of speech,
—Stilling fleet.
OULD you both please and be instructed too, And ever be more knowing than you seem;
Watch well the range of shining, to subdue; The lowest genius will afford some light,

Hear every man upon his favorite theme, Or give a hint that had escaped your sight.
—Stilling fleet,

LL seemes (sayd he) if he so valient be,
That he should be so sterne to stranger wight;
For seldom yet did living creature see

That courtesie and manhood ever disagree.

— Spenser.
203

‘ wes ac ae
ue Nex SZ “ae

Mayweed,

HMaruta cotula. NaruraLt OrveR: Composite —Aster Family.

SN
=o

S/S ERHAPS the commonest of all uncultivated plants is this
\Proadside outcast, growing from the deep-rutted soil, utterly
Jj disregarding all the ordinary conditions required for herbal
‘ perfection, it sports its numerous blossoms, and during the
& whole summer its flowers make white the borders of the
ED dusty way. It is an annual, though so abundant as to seem
‘perennial, and only the greatest perseverance can eradicate it or

low, with the most opaque white, in an admirable and artistic manner,
f’ and could it only have been odorless and rare, would have been
@ received with ecstatic admiration, instead of contumely and contempt.
2) The origin of the botanic name Maruta is obscure, and its meaning is
\e quite uncertain. Cotula was the half-pint measure of the Greeks and

Romans.
Rumor,
UMOR doth double like the voice and echo,
The numbers of the fear’d. — Shakespeare.
HE flying rumors gather’d as they roll’d; WHISPER woke the air—
Scarce any tale was sooner heard than told, A soft, light tone, and low,
And all who told it added something new, Yet barb’d with shame and woe,—
And all who heard it made enlargement .too; Now, might it only perish there!
In every ear it spread, on every tongue it grew. No farther go! —Mrs. Osgood.
—Pope.
FROM the Orient to the drooping West, UMOR is a pipe
Making the wind my post-horse, still unfold Blown by surmises, jealousies, conjectures,
The acts commenced on this ball of earth: And of so easy and so plain a stop,
Upon my tongues continual slanders ride, That the blunt monster with uncounted heads —
The which in every language I pronounce, The still discordant, wavering muititude —
Stuffing the ears of men with false reports. Can play upon it.
\ — Shakespeare. — Shakespeare, :

fr, “t ih

Medick.

HMedicags sativa. Narurar Orver: Leguminose— Pulse Family.

become thoroughly naturalized there, though it is supposed
¥" to have been originally derived from the ancient Media
(now Northern Persia), whence its name. It is of the same
order as the clover, and is somewhat naturalized and culti-
"vated in America for the same purpose, but it has not proved
as valuable, being probably not as well adapted to the climate. It

the garden for its curious seed vessels, resembling snail shells, which
) gives the familiar name of Snails to the plant. The Medicago intertexta,
called hedgehog, has prickly pods, and is cultivated for ornamental pur-
poses, as are some others of the same species. The pods are used in
winter bouquets along with dried grasses of various kinds.

Agricutture.

EAP well, scatter not, gather clean that is.shorn,
Bind fast, shock apace, have an eye to thy corn.

—Tusser.
ARTH of man the bounteous mother, ILT thou repine
Feeds him still with corn and wine; To labor for thyself? and rather choose
He who best would aid a brother, To lie supinely, hoping heaven will bless
Shares with him these gifts divine. Thy slighted fruits, and give thee bread unearned?
—Fohn Stirling. —Fohn Philips.

We abuseth his cattle and starves them for meat,
By carting or ploughing his gain is not great;
Where he that with labor can use them aright,

Hath gain to his comfort, and cattle in plight. = —7vsser.
IVE me, ye gods, the product of one field, ane sunburnt sickle men, of August weary,
That so I neither may be rich nor poor; Come hither from the furrow, and be merry.

And having just enough, not covet more. —Dryden. —Shakespeare. (

—Z 205 =; E

POH,

eT ore

oe Per
ala

Melilot,

Melilotus alba. Narurar Orver: Leguminose—Pulse Family.

REAR IAT

“ TALL herb, passing frequently under the cognomen of Sweet-
» scented Clover, the Melilot used to be cultivated in gardens
“for the fragrance of its foliage, as well as its flowers, which it
retains for a long time in a dried state. By many it was con-
Ls sidered as desirable to place among clothing, as the famed

\WKlavender and roseleaves was by the belles of the last cen-
It is usually about three feet high, and in an uncultivated state

¥Y; which it seems to delight. The flowers are small, arranged up and
edown the stem in the style of a loose raceme, and in color white,
w@ with a slight tinge of yellow intermixed. It derives its name from the

Greek, and signifies honey lotus.

Philanthropy.

WOULD bring balm, and pour it in your wound;
Cure your distemper’d mind, and heal your fortunes.

—Dryden.
. AND now philanthropy! thy rays divine N faith and hope the world will disagree,
Dart round the globe from Zembla’s to the line; But all mankind’s concern is charity:
O’er each dark prison plays the cheering light, All must be false that thwart this one great end,
Like northern lusters o’er the vault of night. And all of God that bless mankind or mend.
—Darwin. —Pope.

HE primal duties shine aloft, like stars;
The charities that soothe, and heal, and bless,
Are scatter’d at the feet of man, like flowers.

es

—Wordsworth.
ET was she not profuse, but fear’d to waste, ND when the sickly taper shed
And wisely managed that the stock might last; Its light through vapors damp confined,
That all might be supplied, and she not grieve Hushed as a seraph’s fell thy tread,
When crowds appear’d she had not to relieve; A new Electra by the bed
Which to prevent, she still increased her store; Of suffering human kind,
Laid up, and spared, that she might the more. Pointing the spirit in its dark dismay
—Drydn. To. that pure hope which fadeth not away. (
—Whittier, Hay
—— 206 ax

Mermaid deed,

Proserpmaca palustris. Natura OrpvEr: Onagracee — Evening Primrose Family.

Pan as ponds, ‘swamps and aiteies, has its mythological asso-

eS

5". ciations, being named, it is thought, from Proserpine, a Roman
ian.

Zz {goddess stolen by Pluto and conveyed to his kingdom. Ceres,

ai, her mother, searched for her a long time in vain, but at

“last bane, es she had been taken to Fluto’s kingdom,

ep) , . dausiter to remain one half the year with her, the other half in the
Ke ©) infernal regions. The name, however, may have been derived from
Sine creeping habit of the plant (Latin froserpo, I creep), as the stems
creep at the base in the mud or shallow water, the upper part only

As emerging.

Teressity.

ULL soon, I know it, while they shall strain to free not,
From these idolatrous arms you shall be torn;

You are fated from my days to pass and be not,
Like all of rare and fair they have ever worn!

I am doomed, although the stealthy doom I see not;

I feast, albeit I die tomorrow morn! —Edgar Fawcett.
HE ship which goes to sea inform’d with fire—— | As the white bosom’d bark which wooes the wind,
Obeying only its own iron force, And when it dies desists. And thus with man:
Reckless of adverse tides, breeze dead, or weak However contrary he set his heart
As infant's sporting breath, too faint to stir To God, he is but working out His will,
The feather held before it,—is as much And at an infinite angle, more or less
The appointed thrall of all the elements, Obeying his own soul’s necessity. —Bailey.
HE grass withereth, the flower fadeth, ATE — soon or late,
Ay, and I know “’tis well,” The longest day hath end;
For they shall live again when springtime’s If the summer wait,
Sweet birdlings’ songs shall tell, The winter still must wend
Above their knell. —Charlotte Cordner, | With sad steps and slow unto the fields of Fate.

—L. Bruce Moore,

ae Crs 207 _; “i

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MMignonette.

Reseda odorata. Narurat Orper: Resedacee — Mignonette Family.

Mignonette, originally a native of Egypt and North Africa,
is trained into a tree shape, by taking a straight, healthy
plant, and bending a piece of willow or whalebone over it,
in the shape of a hoop, and tying the shoot to it, and as it
increases in height another hoop is added until the plant has
become woody. A French writer remarks that she has seen them as
old as fifteen years, and even double that age. The flowers, after they
have withered, must be removed, in order that it may retain its vital-

ity. It grows also in beds or masses, and perfumes the whole garden.
Some of the varieties are dense and bushy. Though humble and
‘insignificant, its fragrance makes it a general favorite. Its name in the
svernacular is from the French and means little darling, its botanical name
is from the Latin resedo, I assuage.

Your Quatitigs Surpass Your Charms.

T is not mirth, for mirth she is too still;
It is not wit, which leaves the heart more chill,
But that continuous sweetness which with ease

Pleases all around it from the wish to please.
—The New Timon.

OR you remember you had set, And when I raised my eyes, above
That morning, on the casement edge, They met with two so full and bright —
A long, green box of mignonette, Such eyes! I swear to you, my love,
And you were leaning from the ledge: That these have never lost their light.
—Tennyson,
EAUTIES that from worth arise HIS fragrant bloom of garden birth,
Are, like the grace of deities, So modest, yet persuasive —
Still present with us, though unsighted. Because the sweet it saps from earth

Ot is SUCRE By fullness is invasive— [I’ve met —

KNOW the gentleman
To be of worth and worthy estimation,
i) And not without desert so well reputed.

Is truest measure of my love, of all the flowers
Une “herbe d'amour ”— petite in girth,

— Shakespeare. Delicious mignonette! —sfary B. Dodge.

tks 208 an
shoe av 5

Mint.

Mentha viridis, Narurar Orver: Labiate—Mint Family.

TEESE RO

VERAL plants are known under the common name of mint,
fthe Spearmint being probably the most agreeable to the taste.
Mi It is used in making sauces for some varieties of meat, especially
lamb; medicinally it is said to allay fevers, and act against spas-
Xs, modic affections. The Peppermint is well known through the

essences sold by all pharmaceutists. Both plants are natives
of Europe, and affect moist places, frequently growing beside shallow

sie) streams and in low, wet meadows, where they seem much more
0) :
brittle and tender,

stems.

from the amount of water they suck up into their
: Either plant grows well in the garden, spreading rapidly by
Vy Ne means of their creeping roots. The flowers are purple, and in slender
racemes. According to mythology, Minthe, a nymph of the woods

- and streams, and beloved by Hades (Pluto), was turned by Proserpine
into one of these plants.

Virtug.

IRTUE stands like the sun, and all which rolls around
Drinks life, and light, and glory from her aspect.
—Byron.

OUNT life by virtues—these will last IRTUE, dear friend, needs no defense;

When life’s lame-footed race is o’er;
And these, when earthly joys are past,

Shall cheer us on a brighter shore.
—Mrs. S. F. Hale.

Were in the flat sea sunk.

NLY a sweet and virtuous soul,
Like season’d timber, never gives;
But, though the whole world turn to coal,

Then chiefly lives. —George Herbert.

o 209

IRTUE could see to do what virtue would

By her own radiant light, though sun and moon

The surest guard is innocence:
Quivers and bows and poison’d darts

Are only used by guilty hearts.

—Roscommon.

—Milton.

HE path to peace is virtue; what I show,
Thyself may freely on thyself bestow;
Fortune was never worship’d by the wise,
But set aloft by fools, usurps the skies.
—Dryden.

i

ory

3
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Mistletoe.

Phoradendron flavescens. Narurar Orver: Loranthacee— Mistletoe Family.

“OUR hundred species or more of the Mistletoe are now
known to botanists. The leaves are thick and fleshy, the
flowers a whitish yellow, bearing a half transparent white
berry, with a sticky pulp. It is more abundant on elm trees
than on any other, and only when it was found on the oak
“\koowas it considered a sacred thing by the Druids, or priests
of the ancient Britons; when so found, they had a great tri-
umphal procession to gather it, after which, with much solemnity, they
laid it on a white cloth, and divided it among the people as a charm
against disease. These plants are parasitic in nature, living on the
, Juices of the trees on which they rest. This particular species, the
' American mistletoe, derives its name, which was given it by Nuttall,
from two Greek words denoting thievish tree.

Obstartes to be QOuercome.

UR natures are like oil: compound us with anything,

Yet still we strive to swim upon the top.
—Beaumont and Fletcher.

OME, my soul, let us reason together; Come, ere the long, low light of the summer
Come, for the shadows darken ahead; Fade to the brown of the autumn leaf;
Care and sorrow tighten the tether, Come, lest the foot of the careless comer

Life’s sun through the mists grows dim and red. Lag weary in paths made rough with grief.

—Barton Grey.
Great souls,
By nature half divine, soar to the stars,
And hold a near acquaintance with the gods.

—Rowe.
ATURE, that framed us of four elements, And measure ev’ry wand’ring planet’s course,
Warring within our breasts for regimen, Still climbing after knowledge infinite,
Doth teach us all to have aspiring minds: And always moving as the restless spheres,
Our souls, whose faculties can comprehend Wills us to wear ourselves, and never rest
The wondrous architechture of the world, Until we reach the ripest fruit of all.

—Marlo.

210

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Monkshood,

Aconitum Napellus. Narurar Orver: Ranunculacee—Crowfoot Family.

(S@uIS plant takes its name from the peculiar shape of its
flowers, which resemble a monk’s cowl or hood, and are
of various colors—blue, white, and rose-color. It has a,
rather pleasant appearance, and when once established
requires but little attention, as it grows well in any soil, and
thrives from year to year. The extract of the plant. is
2 extremely poisonous, but, used medicinally, it is the strong bulwark
NI of the homeeopathic practice. It is used successfully in combating
ke fevers, and the first stages of most diseases, as it acts against all
| inflammatory conditions of the body, but should never be used in the
iz fluid state except as advised by a physician.

Ruight Errantry.

Seal he swore,

That by the faith which knights to knighthood bore,
And whate’er else to chivalry belongs,
He would not cease till he revenged their wrongs.

—Dryden.

TRUE knight, His heart and hand both open, and both free;

Not yet mature, yet matchless; firm in word, For what he has, he gives; what thinks, he shows;
Speaking in deeds, and deedless in his tongue; Yet gives he not till judgment guide his bounty,
Not soon provok’d, nor being provok’d, soon calm’d; Nor dignifies an impure thought in breath.

— Shakespeare,
FORM more active, light and strong,
Ne’er shot the ranks of war along;
The modest, yet the manly mien,
Might grace the court of maiden queen.
— Scott,
AUGHT is more honorable to a knight, M* good blade carves the casques of men,
Nor better doth beseem brave chivalry, My tough lance thrusteth sure,
Than to defend the feeble in their right, My strength is as the strength of ten,
And wrong redress in such as wend awry. Because my heart is pure.
— Spenser. —Tennyson.
fa
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GALS rU

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Morning Glory.

Spomea Nil. Narurar Orver: Convolvulacee—Convolvulus Family.

Hie ERE is a well known climber and general favorite, though
rejected by some for its commonness, or because it is found
so frequently in the humble walks of life. It however forms
a very grateful shade from the noonday sun, and is used
g& more than any other annual vine for that purpose. The
2 ~°" flowers are various in color; the bud is curiously twisted,
2 which, when expanded is of a beautiful trumpet-shape, the tints being
6 far more delicate than any brush could lay. In the Southern States
St é it grows wild, adorning the hedges and byways with its blossoms,
eho and supplying the humming-bird and bee with their morning repasts.

Ges) ——

Repose.

Y heart is like the sleeping lake,
Which takes the hue of cloud and sky,
And only feels its surface break

When birds of passage wander by.
—Willis.

ITHOUT, the happy birds are singing ERE let us couch in fern,

Their last song in the gathering gloom; And gaze adown the forest’s dim arcade,
And languorous airs soft scents are bringing Where little patches of bright sunlight burn,

From musky buds and bloom. Companioned of deep shade.

—George Cooper. ——

HE cricket on its bank is dumb;
The very flies forget to hum;
And, save the wagon rocking round,

The landscape sleeps without a sound.
—Fohn Clare.

il

ow:
Cavers,

ERE stretched, the pleasant turf I press, Their leaf-harps sounding to the breeze,
In luxury of idleness; And water-tones that tinkle near,
Sun-streaks, and glancing wings, and sky Blend their sweet music to my ear;
Spotted with cloud-shapes, charm my eye: And by the changing shades alone
While murmuring grass and waving trees, The passage of the hours is known. Hi
, ae —Alfred B. Street, rN
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Mourning Bride,

Scabiosa atropurpurea. Naturat Orver: Dipsacee— Teasel Family.

Se

p
SOURNING BRIDE (Sweet Scabious) is a perennial plant,

# blooms the first season, it is sown every summer and
F allowed to perish with the frost; although it would be
~ worth the trial to see if some light protection would not

Up
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® save it, as most perennial plants bloom better when the
¢ roots are well established. For many years it has been a favorite
garden flower, being neat in habit, with very pretty tapering foliage
and desirable blossoms. ‘The buds are bunched together like a
semi-spherical cushion, the rounded side up, the lower row of
florets of which open first, and, when all are expanded, fairly
‘ crowd each other for room. They are velvety in texture, and in

a the eye can scarcely penetrate the depth of their tints, as they are
only a shade or two from being black; hence the epithet, atropurpurea, or dark
purple. There are some light varieties, also white. They have the odor of
musk.

Qutortunate Attachment.

l HAVE thrust away in silence each loving thought of you;
I have laid to rest each memory, so tender and so true;
I have prayed upon my bended knees for power to forget,
And the answer to that prayer is this—I love you, love you yet!
—Christian Reid.

‘NEED not say how, one by one, NS one sigh shall tell my story,

Love's flowers have dropp’d from off love’s chain, Not one tear my cheek shall stain;

‘ i
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Enough to say that they are gone, Silent grief shall be my glory —
And that they cannot bloom again. Grief that stoops not to complain.
—Miss Landon. —Mrs. Robinson,
NHAPPY he, who lets a tender heart, A“ me! I thought you loved me well—
Bound to him by the ties of earliest love, Our human eyes are blind;

Fall from him by his own neglect, and die, He only reads life’s parable,
\ Because it met no kindness. —Perejval, Who never looks behind. —porton Grey. !
fa 213

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IMullein,

Derbascum thapsus. Natura Orver: Scrophulariacee—Figwort Family.

A -ERBASCUM, or Mullein, is a common wayside plant, that

+,we will dignify with a place in this volume as a slight
> recompense for the abuse it has ever, and will ever, receive.
Condemned as a weed, considered as evidence of an untidy
© landholder wherever it is seen occupying the fields, its stately
. stalk a target for every roadside rambler’s stick, it has at least
“some virtues, and less vice than it generally obtains credit for, and
67 as: 3 shall receive a tribute for the memory of childhood, when we remem-
f Ws ber seeing its golden blossoms so far above our head. ‘The whole
Plant presents a gray appearance, from the dense woolly texture that
covers its leaves and stalk. It is said to have been used in ancient

gece

et times as wicks for lamps, or was placed in small vessels of oil, and one
end lighted, the oil continually creeping up its dense surface, supplying the flame
with fuel; and many a country lassie has been indebted for her rosy cheeks to a
pilfered leaf, whose rough surface she has furtively applied to her smooth skin.
The plant has several medicinal properties, being demulcent, anti-spasmodic, and
useful as an anodyne. The German name is wollkraut, signifying wool-plant.

Good Haturg,

OOD humor only teaches charms to last,
Still makes new conquests, and maintains the past.

—Pope.
E keeps his temper’d mind serene and pure, SWEETER and a lovelier gentleman,
And ey’ry passion aptly harmonized, Framed in the prodigality of nature,
Amid a jarring world. —Thompson. The spacious world cannot again afford.
—Shakespeare,
HOUGH time her bloom is stealing,
There ’s still beyond his art —
The wild-flower wreath of feeling,
The sunbeam of the heart. —Halleck. !
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Musk Plant.

Mimulus moschatus. Narurar Orver: Scrophulariacee—Figwort Family.

ip SUT few things in nature have the odor of musk, particularly
in the vegetable kingdom; and this little, unobtrusive plant,
so delicate and fragile, is cultivated for this property, other-
wise it would be passed by for its more showy sisters; yet
a_its blossoms look like drops of yellow gold among its pale-
A green leaves. It is a native of Oregon. The other varieties
¢ of the Mimulus are grown for their curious and striking flowers,
#} which are usually yellow, velvety, and spotted with crimson, maroon, or
- brown. They are well adapted for garden or house culture, but require
moisture, and a little shelter from the scorching sun. Mimulus is derived
from the Greek mmo, signifying an ape, from the grinning appearance
of the corolla. Another variety is known as the Mimulus ringens, or
Monkey-flower.

A Meeting.

HUNDRED thousand welcomes! I could weep,

And I could laugh; I am light, and heavy; welcome.
— Shakespeare.

HERE ’S not a fiber in my trembling frame HEN lovers meet in adverse hour,
That does not vibrate when thy step draws near; Tis like a sun-glimpse through a shower,
There ’s not a pulse that throbs not when I hear A watery ray an instant seen,
Thy voice, thy breathing, nay, thy very name. Then darkly-closing clouds between.
—Frances Kemble Butler. —Scott,
ND doth not‘a meeting like this make amends
For all the long years I’ve been wand’ring away —
To see thus around me my youth's early friends,
As smiling and kind as in that happy day?

T gives me wonder, great as my content, slices joy of meeting pays the pangs of absence,
To see you here before me. —Shahespeare. Else who could bear it? =Abwe:

ie that same place thou hast appointed me

Tomorrow truly will I meet with thee.
—Shakespeare,

oS

Mustard,

Sinapis alba. Narurat Orver: Cracifere—Mustard Family.

ECEIVED into this country probably from Germany or England,
fas it is a very ancient European herb, it has always been
seesteemed as a condiment for the table and for its excellent
- medical qualities. It is exceedingly prolific, and wherever once

a s ®% in some parts of America. It is sometimes grown in hotbeds as a salad,
v)

Ae is. :

sown, will take care of its own reproduction. In England
Vit is cultivated in quantities for its seed, and on a small scale

E and the young leaves of the garden Mustard are frequently boiled as
It sends up a strong, branching stalk, about four feet high,

The seeds are formed in small, delicate pods, which, when ripe, burst, and
let their contents scatter over the ground. The seeds are very pungent
to the taste; but those of the Sinapis nigra, or Black Mustard, are still
more so; the flour of mustard, the form in which it is used as a condi-
ment, is a combination of both—two-fifths black, and three-fifths white. The
pungency is developed only where the flour is brought under the influence of water.

Quditferencg.

LAS! my lord, if talking would prevail,
I could suggest much better arguments
Than those regards you throw away on me.

—Young.
ET me this fondness from my bosom tear; Wearied, at length, I seek thy downy rest —
Let me forget that e’er I thought her fair; Not all her arts my steady soul shall move,
Come, cool indifference, and heal my breast; And she shall find indifference conquers love.
—Lyttleton.
GRACIOUS person; but yet I cannot love him:
He might have took his answer long ago.
— Shakespeare.
UT in those lands where people are, So beautiful is the song, indeed
Few men at all take any heed; That twilight loiters hours to hear, -
fy While still he sings, and from afar, Eavesdropping with a roseate ear. i
—Edgar Fawcett.
KG 216 nus
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Myrtle.

Mortus communis. Narvurar Orver: Myrtacee—Myrtle Family.

THENS adopted the Myrtle as an emblem. of municipal
» authority, and the victors in the Olympic games were crowned
= with wreaths of it; it was also sacred to Venus, the goddess
" of love, and her temples were encompassed with groves of
Ne 2d Myrtle. We find in Virgil, that in Baiae (a small town in
co Ny ‘Campania, on the coast between Cumae and Puteoli, a
: Wi a favorite resort of the Romans on account of its warm baths and
“%e pleasant location), “there was a large Myrtle grove, where a warm,
IteV sudorific vapor rose from the earth.” King Faunus beat Bona Dea,
OS his wife, to death with myrtle rods, because she lowered the dignity of
© a queen by becoming intoxicated with wine. He afterward repented
sf his severity, deified, and paid her divine honors. It is a handsome,
S24 ornamental evergreen shrub, grown usually in the greenhouse, and was
much admired by the ancients for its elegance and fragrance.

jane,

H, love! thou sternly dost thy power maintain, $
And wilt not bear a rival in thy reign;
Tyrants and thou all fellowship disdain.

—Dryden.
OVE knoweth every form of air, OVE is a pearl of purest hue,
And every shape of earth; But stormy waves are round it,
And comes, unbidden, everywhere, And dearly may a woman rue
Like thought’s mysterious birth. The hour that first she found it.
—Willis. —Miss Landon,

SUBTLE, unbound power,
That slips the soul from its prison fair
And makes it buoyant and lighter than air.

. —C.H.T.
RUE, ah! true, and well I mark Faith yet fuller, more complete,
All your words would teach — While my lips attest
And my soul beyond the dark It is love makes heaven sweet —
\ Stretches forth to reach Love is more than rest!
Bs —Mary B. Dodge.
as _ 217

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Hasturtinm.

Cropeolum majus. Naturar Orper: 7ropaolacee — Nasturtium Family.

F this handsome class of plants, there exists quite a number of
annual varieties, some of which are dwarf or low-growing,
others climbing five or six feet high, adhering to their support
by their long leaf-stalks. The flowers are brilliant, usually of
some shade of orange or yellow, combined with red, crimson,
maroon, or carmine, and in shape very aptly compared to a
helmet, and the leaf to a shield. Hence the botanical name, from the
Greek ¢ropeon a trophy, which meant strictly the pile of captured
helmets, shields etc., raised by the victorious party on the field of battle.
XX The vernacular Nasturtium is from the Latin masus tortus, twisted nose,
\ 2 because of the pungency of the plant. There are also two or three

®)tuburous or bulbous varieties, that are as yet rather unfrequent in cul-
Le tivation, and are more delicate in foliage and flower than the well
known species mentioned above. The Canary Bird Flower, Tropeolum aduncum
is said, when fully grown, to live on air alone if detached from the roots. They
are all natives of Peru.

r

Heraism.

ET it may be more lofty courage dwells
In one weak heart which braves an adverse fate,
Than his whose ardent soul indignant swells,
Warm’'d by the fight, or cheer’d through high debate.
—Mrs, Norton.
HE wise and active conquer difficulties i is a tear for all who die,

By daring to attempt them; sloth and folly A mourner o’er the humblest grave;

Shiver and sink at sights of toil and hazard, But nations swell the funeral cry,
And make the impossibility they fear. And triumph weeps above the brave.
—Rowe. —Byron.
HERE'S naught within the compass of humanity
But I would ‘dare and do. —Sir A. Hunt.
ND though in peaceful garb arrayed, A highborn heart and martial pride,
And weaponless except his blade, As if a baron’s crest he wore,
His stately mien as well implied And, sheathed in armor, tread the shore.
— Scott.
218 r
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Demophila,

Nemophila insignis. Naturat Orper: fly drophyllacee —Waterleaf Family.

EMOPHILA, meaning, in the Greek, lover of the grove, is a

EA: m\ low-growing, delicate, herbaceous plant, about six inches high,
a $5 sy ‘and a native of California. The narrow leaves are notched
i) | es seco on the sides, and are slightly downy; the flowers are
Zh N en small, but pretty, some being white with a purple spot on

Pt 3 each petal, as if fairy hands had given each a pinch with
, thumb and finger; another is blue, edged with white, and vice versa

SY _ blue with a white center; altogether a dozen or more different
DBRS varieties. The plants delight in shady grounds, making themselves
#>doubly desirable on that account, and present a nice appearance as
“a border for walks and margins of beds, or, if fancy dictate, they

ek can be sown in a mass by themselves.

Prosperity.

AME NATURE gave him comeliness and health,
And Fortune, for a passport, gave him wealth.

—Walter Harte.
HEN fortune raiseth to the greatest height, F both our fortunes, good and bad, we find
The happy man should most suppress his state, Prosperity more searching of the mind;
Expecting still a change of things to find, Felicity flies o’er the wall and fence,
And fearing when the gods appear too kind. While misery keeps in with patience.
—Sir Robert Howard. —Herrick.

ORTUNE came smiling to my youth, and woo’d it,
And purple greatness met my ripen’d years.

! —Dryden,
| edness puts out unnumbered thoughts OW rising fortune elevates his mind,
Of import high, and light divine, to man. He shines unclouded, and adorns mankind.
—Young. —Savage.

AILY and hourly proof
Tell us, prosperity is at highest degree
The fount and handle of calamity. }

—Chapman.

> - |

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} £ 220 +
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Dettle,

Wrtica dioica. Narurar Orpver: Urticacee—Nettle Family.

,

RTICA, from the Latin wro, I burn, is the very expressive

*and appropriate botanical name of this familiar nuisance, as one
cannot come in contact with it without being stung. Through
its innumerable tubular hairs there passes a viscous, venomous
zy, fluid into the pores of the skin, creating a sensation that is
‘intensely disagreeable and indescribable. Hence the term
nettled is a synonym for chagrin or any mortifying sensation. The
Greek epithet dzotca denotes belonging to the household, or familiar.
: Fe, Phe flowers of the nettle are small and green. The leaves of the
xz, young plants are sometimes used as a potherb, but of course have to
= be gathered with gloves. Some of the Asiatic varieties yield a fiber
that is sometimes utilized as a substitute for hemp. There are in all
about twenty-three genera and three hundred species of nettles.

Slander,

ROM door to door you might have seen him speed,
Or plac’d amid a group of gaping fools,
And whispering in their ears with his foul lips.
—Pollock,
LANDEROUS reproaches and foul infamies, de many a shaft, at random sent,
Leasings, backbitings and vainglorious crakes, Finds mark the archer little meant;
Bad counsels, praises, and false flatteries; And many a word, at random spoken,

All these against that fort did bend their batteries. May soothe or wound a heart that's broken.
— Spenser. —Scott,

F I am traduc’d by tongues, which neither know
My faculties nor person, yet will be
The chroniclers of my doing—let me say,
Tis but the fate of place, and the rough brake
That virtue must go through. —Shakespeare.

KILL’D by a touch to deepen scandal’s tints While mingling truth with falsehood, sneers with smiles,
With all the kind mendacity of hints, And thread of candor with a web of wiles.
—Byron.

Oak.

Quercus alba, Natura Orpver: Cupulifere— Oak Family.

of trees, or has read more or less in its praise. The wood
2 . . . .
3. or timber of many of the varieties is exceedingly useful to

man, in many of the mechanical arts, but more especially in

esship-building, on account of its great strength and durability.

van

it is also of historic interest to all Americans, as it was in
the hollow of an oak at Hartford, that the Charter obtained by Gov.
S Winthrop, the younger, for the colonists of Connecticut, from Charles I.
of England, was secreted from October 31, 1687, to May, 1689. Sir
Edmund Andros made an unsuccessful attempt to rob them of it, but
ee thwarted by William Wadsworth, who spirited it off and hid it
in the Oak, which from this circumstance was called the Charter Oak.
It is supposed to have been upward of three hundred years old when
blown down by a storm, Aug. 20, 1856, The Oak has been considered by the
heathen as honored above all other trees, because the sacred mistletoe grows
upon its branches.

ests) eases tts reae ese VU EEE CPL
ws it BADR te AZ MM ACEO BAA LZ

Donor.

HESE be the sheaves that honor’s harvest bears;
The seed thy valiant acts; the world the field.

—Fairfax.
ONOR and shame from no condition rise: INE honor is my life; both grow in one;
Act well your part, there all the honor lies. Take honor from me, and my life is done.
—Pope. — Shakespeare.

EAV’N, that made me honest, made me more
Than ever king did when he made a lord.

—Rowe.
O much the thirst of honor fires the blood; (ee tall oak, towering to the skies,
So many would be great, so few be good; The fury of the wind defies;
For who would virtue for herself regard, From age to age, in virtue strong,
Or wed without the portion of reward? Inured to stand and suffer wrong.
\ —Dryden, —Montgomery.
le

fe
vam 221 aN
AID F.

Mats.

Avena satiwa. Narurar Orper: Graminee—Grass Family.

a bd AMILIAR throughout our own and other lands is this tall,
' grasslike plant. It is grown in large fields for its useful and
nutritious seeds, which grow in long, loose panicles. In Scot-
land much pains are taken to prepare a meal from it, and
when boiled into a mush, as we use cornmeal, or baked into
Sk oat cake, forms an excellent article of diet, very wholesome
and nutritious, so that the cannie Scot’s time-honored predilection for
oatmeal is found based upon sound physiological principles. The
whole seed is used everywhere as food for horses and cattle. It is
said to flourish in cold, but to degenerate in warm, climates.

= Gauntry Jily.

ieee cull the farthest mead for thy repast;

The choicest I to thy board will bring,
And draw thy water from the freshest spring.

—Prior.
HERE health, so wild and gay, with bosom bare, ATURE Ill court in her sequestered haunts,
And rosy cheek, keen eye, and flowing hair, By mountain, meadow, streamlet, grove, or cell,
Trips with a smile the breezy scene along, Where the pois’d lark his evening ditty chants,
And pours the spirit of content in song. And health, and peace, and contemplation dwell.
—Pindar. —Smollet.

UR fields are full with the time-ripened grain,
Our vineyards with the purple clusters swell;
Her golden splendor glimmers on the main,

And vales and mountains her bright glory tell.
—Lord Thurlow.

HOW canst thou renounce the boundless store INE be a cot beside the hill;
Of charms which nature to her votary yields; A beehive’s hum shall soothe my ear;
The warbling woodland, the resounding shore, A willowy brook, that turns a mill,
The pomp of groves, and garniture of fields. With many a fall shall linger near.
—Beattie. —Rogers,

FIELDS, O woods, O when shall I be made

f \ The happy tenant of your shade? —Cowley.
kA»
222

@Mileander.,

Nerium @Mleander. Narurar Orver: Apocynacee — Dogbane Family.

\

Be

shrub keeps a good shape with very little attention. The
p~ most common species have rose-colored, single or double
flowers, while some of the others are red, striped, crimson
and white, and one pure white, partly double. The flowers

an burning rays of a midday sun when in bloom. All of these varieties
©.

»,, Streams in those localities, but are quite common in house cultivation

zm in America, being placed out of doors in summer. In Florida it is

found in swampy lands, attaining the size of a tree. The Oleander

gi~ belongs to a very poisonous family, and no part should be placed in
the mouth, as instances of occasional fatality are on record.

Bewarg.

ET no man know thy business save some friend,

A man of mind. —Bailey.
F light wrongs touch me not, EWARE of desperate steps; the darkest day,
No more shall great; if not a few, not many; Live till tomorrow, will have passed away.
There ’s naught so sacred with us but may find = Couper:
A sacrilegious person; yet the thing is NCERTAIN ways unsafest are,
No less divine ’cause the profane can reach it. And doubt a greater mischief than despair.
— Fonson. — Sir F. Denham.

HEN fly betimes, for only they

Conquer love, that run away.

—Carew.
HOSE edges soonest turn that are most keen, VALIANT man
A sober moderation stands sure, Ought not to undergo or tempt a danger,
No violent extremes endure. But worthily, and by selected ways.

—Aleyn. —Ben Fonson.

EAT not a furnace for your foe so hot

That it doth singe yourself. — Shakespeare. d
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rf

Ay 223 ce ‘
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oor

4

= <a

Mlcastew,

Eleaguus argentea. Naturat Orver: Eleagnacee— Oleaster Family.

\ ILVER-LEAVED Oleaster is a native of Missouri, and is con-
sidered a shrub worthy of introducing into ornamental shrubberies.
t The foliage is handsome, and covered with a silvery scurf; the
branches are red. In Europe there is a variety cultivated which
> produces a fruit having, when dried, much the flavor of the
date. It is of a reddish color, and about the shape and size
of a plum. It is called Elaeagnus angustiflora, or Narrow-leaved
AWS 4 Oleaster. Several other of the species are worthy of attention, one

<i “being an evergreen variety from the East Indies. The botanical
name seems to imply, in Greek, upright olive—a significance retained
in the vernacular, which is derived from the Latin.

Providence,

ROVIDENCE, not niggardly, but wise,
Here lavishly bestows, and there denies,
That by each other’s virtues we may rise.

—Granville.

O mark the matchless working of the power HERE, when the tangled web is all explained,

That shuts within the seed the future flower; Wrong suffered, pain inflicted, grief disdained,
Bids these in elegance of form excel, Man’s proud, mistaken judgments and false scorn
In color these, and those delight the smell; Shall melt like mists before the uprising morn,
Sends Nature forth, the daughter of the skies, And holy truth stand forth serenely bright,
To dance on earth, and charm all human eyes. In the rich flood of God’s eternal light!

— Cowper. —Mrs. Norton.

E that doth the ravens feed,
Yea, providently caters for the sparrow,

Be comfort to my age. —Shakespeare.
HO is it that will doubt HUS wisdom speaks
The care of heaven? or think th’ immortal To man; thus calls him through this actual form _

Pow’rs are slow, ’cause they take the privilege Of nature, through religion’s fuller noon,

To choose their own time, when they will send Through life’s bewildering mazes, to observe

Their blessings down. —Davenant. A Providence in all! : —Ogilvie.

Sy — Tp
Nate

a 24 a

i.

rp Remco

@Mliwne.,

Olea Europea. NaATuRAL ORDER: Oleacee—Olive Family.

is then separated from the water, and bottled or barreled for

transportation as the Olive oil of commerce. Minerva (in
Greek, Athené), the goddess of war, wears a crown of Olive leaves as

Ky the horse her competitor brought, she had the privilege of calling the

AX.

city Athenz, after her own name. This is the Athens of our time.

Pearg.

PEACE is of the nature of a conquest;
For then both parties nobly are subdued,
And neither party loses. — Shakespeare.

NGEL of Peace, thou hast wandered too long; OVELY concord, and most sacred peace,

Spread thy white wings to the sunshine of love, Doth nourish virtue, and fast friendship breeds;
Come while our voices are blended in song, Weak she makes strong, and strong things does
Fly to our ark like the storm-beaten dove. INCE ease
—O. W. Holmes. Till it the pitch of highest praise exceeds.
— Spenser.

EACE, thy olive wand extend,

And bid wild war his ravage end.
—Burns.

OWN the dark future, through long generations, Peace! and no longer from its brazen portals

The echoing sounds grow fainter, and then cease; The blast of war’s great organ shakes the skies!
And like a bell with solemn, sweet vibrations, But beautiful as songs of the immortals,
I hear once more the voice of Christ say Peace, The holy melodies of love arise. —Long fellow.

EACE o’er the world her olive wand extend,

And white-robed Innocence from heaven descend.
—Pofe.
P 225

F

i

MOvange.

Citrus aurantium. Narurar Orver: Auranticee—Orange Family.

& HIS tree is of the same family as the citron, the lime, and
the lemon. It is an evergreen of middle size, and when
covered with its bright, golden fruit, is one of the most
attractive sights in nature. The pulp of the Orange is
4 divided into sections of as great regularity as is that of the
¢ lemon, the outer covering of each being dry and of con-
siderable strength, while within are little sacs of irregular length
* filled with a cooling, delightful and refreshing juice, that renders it
Rs ([" popular with all. The flowers are of a creamy white. It is a
( native of tropical climates, yet can be grown in a good greenhouse
WG with ease, requiring little attention. In the West Indies, where it is

SSnative, as well as in Florida, Louisiana and California, it is cultivated

Ohastity.

ENEATH the cares of earth she does not bow,
Though she hath ofttimes drained its bitter cup!

But ever wanders on with heavenward brow,
And eyes whose lovely orbs‘are lifted up!
—Amelia B. Welby.

O dear to heaven is saintly chastity, WEET beauty sleeps upon thy brow,

That when a soul is found sincerely so, And floats before my eyes;
A thousand liveried angels lackey her, As meek and pure as doves art thou,
Driving far off each thing of sin and guilt. Or being of the skies.
—Milton. —Robert Morris.

HASTE as the icicle
That ’s curded by the frost from purest snow,
And hangs on Dian’s temple.

— Shakespeare.
: HE summer’s flower is to the summer sweet, The basest weed outbraves his dignity ;
Though to itself it only live and die; For sweetest things turn sourest by their deeds;
But if that flower with base infection meet, Lihes that fester, smell far worse than weeds.

— Shakespeare.

wim = sis ose

AID

:

eae

cally 2 % few grow in rooms successfully, but no water must touch the foliage
BAS af a
6 or flowers, only enough to moisten the substance containing the roots.
A Bette.
ET graceful ease, and sweetness void of pride,
Might hide her faults, if belles had faults to hide;
If to her share some female errors fall,
Look on her face, and you'll forget ’em all.
—Pope.
ROSEBUD in its first green coat, ECAUSE thou wear’st, ma belle,
You wrapped your shawl about your throat, A strong, pure, silent spell,
And crossed the lawn, when we went boating; Safely from all dark ways my feet retrieving;
I touched the fragrance of your hand; Because thou wert to me
d The fog came down and hid the land, As lulled air to wild sea, [ing.
As white as snow, and we were floating. Storm-furrowed, fiercely free, and strongly griev-
—Will Wallace Harney. —Edgar Favceett.
- her cheeks the vermil red did shew, HE was a form of life and light,
Like roses in a bed of lilies shed; That, seen, became a part of sight;
The which ambrosial odors from them threw, And rose, where’er I turned mine eye,
And gazer’s sense with double pleasure fed. The morning star of memory.
\ — Spenser. —Byron ( A
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:

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Orchis.

Orchis- spectabilis, Narurar Orver: Orchidaceae —Orchis Family.

; Vi E have many varieties of this plant growing throughout the
pee States, on our prairies or in shady, rocky places.
#eThey usually produce very handsome and various colored

‘is

oe y ) »flowers. The most beautiful, however, are the Tropical
Orchids, found in the South Sea Islands, growing on branches

tof trees and other substances, and depending so much on the
air for their sustenance, and so little on root nourishment, that they are
~ called air plants. They are more gorgeous in bloom than any terrestrial
plant. In England there are extensive houses for their culture alone, and
’ we believe some few in this country. They are mostly grown in small
” cork boxes, or on pieces of wood, in a warm, moist atmosphere. Some

—_ 224 a

Msier--Hasket.

Salix vuminalis, Natrurar Orver: Salicacee—Willow Family.

cs EON “ARIETIES of the Willow are very numerous, all of them
Gk? , delighting in soil in which there is an abundance of moist-
ure, and are consequently oftener found along the margins
WA “i of streams, or in low-lying, wet meadows, than in any other

A> locality. This species does not develope into a tree, the stems
** rising singly to the height of ten or twelve feet; they are very

&*pliable, and well adapted to the industry to which they are applied.
Ni 3 Viminalis signifies twigs or branches adapted to plaiting. One of the
[- J seven Roman hills on which Jupiter was worshiped was called Vimi-
| F nalis Collis, from the Willow-copse which once stood there.

Frankuness,

HE brave do never shun the light;

Just are their thoughts, and open are their tempers;
Truly without disguise they love or hate;
Still are they found in the fair face of day,
And heav’n and men are judges of their actions.

—Rowe.
HY words had such a melting flow, HATE’ER the emotions of her heart,
And spoke of truth so sweetly well, Still shone conspicuous in her eyes —
They dropp’d like heav’n’s serenest snow, Stranger to every female art,
And all was brightness where they fell! Alike to feign or to disguise.
—Moore. — Shaw,
H® *LL suit his bearing to the hour,
Laugh, listen, learn or teach,
With joyous freedom in his mirth,
And candor in his speech.
—Eliza Cook.
STALWART form, a manly port, A knee a child would love to climb;
Asfearless brow, an eye of truth, A face a woman needs must trust,
A step’ as free as that of youth, Quite free from guile and clean from lust,
A presence fit for camp or court; Nor marred, though nobly marked by time. }
8 —Kate F. Hill, a

fa} 22
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aA
JO ZANT

Sweetly upon thy senses. —Willis.
REAMS are the children of an idle brain, AAS that dreams are only dreams!
Begot of nothing but vain fantasy, That fancy cannot give
Which is as thin of substance as the air, A lasting beauty to those forms,
And more inconstant than the wind. Which scarce a moment live!

oo Dreams.

—Dr. Fohnson.
ELL may dreams present us fictions, We sleep’s calm wing is on my brow,
Since our waking moments teem And dreams of peace my spirit lull,
With such fanciful convictions Before me like a misty star
As make life itself a dream. That form floats dim and beautiful.
— Campbell. —G. D. Prentice.

@smunida,

Osmunda regalis. Naturau Orper: filices— Fern Family.

oy N England this fern is called Royal Osmunda, as its Latin
§ name signifies, and is given a place in the ferneries of the

CICA CZ,

e&most fastidious amateur. In America it is found in damp

Ww FaxSoGND

meadows and swampy lands, sending up its fronds sometimes
three and four feet high, but in less damp and congenial
places it diminishes its height nearly one half. There is

scarcely anything more graceful than the Fern, of whatever species,
from the common brake in the woods, or fence corners, to the most
Gis delicate tropical one cherished in hothouse or greenhouse. No glaring
ye\ color to strike the eye, nothing but its own simple and elegant outline,

(a8 and that ever-satisfying, restful and never-tiring tint of nature, the pre-
dominating green.

Wt: when the balm of sleep descends on man,
Do gay delusions, wand’ring o’er the brain,
Soothe the delighted soul with empty bliss?

NNOCENT dreams be thine! thy heart sends up
Its thoughts of purity, like pearly bells,
Rising in crystal fountains. Would I were
A sound, that I might steal upon thy dreams,
And, like the breathing of my flute, distil

—Shakespeare. —Rufus Dawes. ’ ;

I

ok
229 | § i

Mzxalis.

Oxalis floribunda. Naturat Orver: Oxalidacee —Oxalis Family.

*LMOST everyone is familiar with our native Oxalises, under
the name of Wood Sorrel, that children are fond of plucking
for its pleasant acid juice, which, when extracted and concen-
" trated, is highly poisonous. The name denotes in Greek sour
02, salt, which is sufficiently appropriate. The foreign species
My come from Chili, Cape of Good Hope, Europe, and Africa,
“and are cultivated for their bloom. The root is bulbous, and should
4 be potted in the fall for winter bloom. Those that have merely fleshy
>roots bloom in summer, and should always remain in the soil. The
De bulbous variety should be kept in dry sand during the summer. The
m oxalic acid of commerce is prepared from saccharine and farinaceous
substances through the action of nitric acid, and is used for. removing
spots of iron rust and ink stains from linen or other articles.

Parental Atfection.

UT does not nature for the child prepare
The parent’s love, the tender nurse’s care,

Who, for their own forgetful, seek his good?

—Blackmore.
H! mother’s love is glorifying, OR if there be a human tear
On the cheek like sunset lying; From passion’s dross refined and clear,
In the eyes a moistened light, *Tis that which pious parents shed
Softer than the moon at night! Upon a duteous daughter’s head.
—Thomas Burbidge. —Scott,

OMEHOW while lingering to watch you here,
Thy tyrannous mother-love makes me forget
All else but that you are divinely dear!

—Edgar Facett.
WEET is the image of the brooding dove! Which changes not with dim declining years,
Holy as heaven a mother’s tender love! The only love which, on this teeming earth,
The love of many prayers, and many tears, Asks no return for passion’s wayward birth.

—Mrs. Norton,
230

Peay,

Pronia officinalis. Narurat Orver: Ranunculaceae —Crowfoot Family.

SHE Pzony is supposed to have derived its name from
* Pgon, a disciple of Aisculapius, who used it for the healing
of Pluto, thereby arousing the jealous feelings of his pre-
ceptor, so much so indeed that he compassed his death.

Both the root and leaves are used in medicine as an anti-
f=, spasmodic and tonic. The flowers are very large and
showy in all the species. The common variety is a native of Switzer-
land; the white, of Tartary; the Siberian, as its name indicates, of
* Siberia. The Chinese Pzony is a shrub from three to four feet
AW) | high, with ample foliage, and very large, brilliant, fragrant flowers.
i, They are mostly hardy, except in extreme northern latitudes, and
roduce various colored blossoms.

Shame.
HAME sticks ever close to the ribs of honor,
Great men are never found after it.

—Middleton.
HEN knaves and fools combined o’er all prevail, HAT holy shame, which ne’er forgets
When justice halts and right begins to fail, _ What clear renown it us’d to wear;
Even the boldest start from public sneers, Whose blush remains when virtue sets,

To show her sunshine has been there.
—Byron. —Moore,

Afraid of shame, unknown to other fears.

ONFOUND me not with shame, nor call up all
The blood that warms my trembling heart,

To fill my cheeks with blushes. —Trap.
CAN bear scorpion stings, tread fields of fire, HE mind that broods o’er guilty woes
In frozen gulfs of cold, eternal lie; Is like a scorpion girt by fire;
Be toss’d aloft through tracts of endless void, Tn circle narrowing as it glows,
But cannot live in shame. —Foanna Baillie. The flames around their captive close.

—Byron.
OME seek to salve their blotted name
With others’ blot, till all do taste of shame.

—Sir P. Sidney.
231

aD

ps ait

seer

Parsley.

Apium petroselinum. Natura Orver: Umbellifere—Parsley Family.

seh for one food, chiefly soups, and the garnishment
| Jiof meat and game dishes when brought to the table. It is
i very partial to rich soil, and agriculturists say that soot
ail) placed around the plant is very congenial to it. There are
Uf cys ae Ms several varieties produced by cultivation, differing in size and
calso in the curliness of the leaf; which is of a dark green. The seeds
ie should be soaked in warm water several hours before planting. All
the varieties are natives of Greece and the island of Sardinia, and are
a Pt nearly allied to that great table favorite, celery. The name Apium is
, by some thought to be derived from the Celtic afon, or avon, a river,
cy, because the plant delights in moist situations; according to others the
6 ’Apium denotes its relationship to celery, (botanically, Apium, and this
” from apis, a bee), while Petroselinum is the equivalent to Parsley,

denoting in Greek, rock-curly, or rock-marsh—se/non, parsley, from elos, a

marsh, or elisso, I twist.

Hestivity.

RIENDSHIP shall still thy evening feasts adorn,

And blooming peace shall ever bless thy morn.
—Prior.

LEST be those feasts with simple plenty crown’d, HE banquet waits our presence, festal joy
Where all the ruddy family around Laughs in the mantling goblet, and the night,
Laugh at the jests or pranks that never fail, Illumin’d by the taper’s dazzling beam,
Or sigh with pity at some mournful tale. Rivals departed day.
—Goldsmith. —Brown,

9 fi pity wine should be so deleterious,
For tea and coffee leave us much more serious.

—Byron.
HEN the laugh is lightest, And thou art madly pledging
When wildest goes the jest, Each gay and jovial guest,—

When gleams the goblet brightest,
\ And proudest heaves thy breast, The shade of Love’s departed hours.
(-

A ghost shall glide amid the flowers—

—Mrs. Osgood,

232

ASL

Passion Flower,

Passiflora coerulea. Narurar Orver: Passtfloracee —Passion Flower Family.

&
Haein

ESOSTLY natives of the tropical portions of America, the
\%, Passion Flowers climb to a great height— frequently from
ne thirty to forty feet, the stem attaining the thickness of
? three or four inches in diameter. The foliage is palmate,
being divided into five lobes in the Brazilian variety, and
“* into three parts in the North American plants. The flowers,
though transient, are large and beautiful. The petals, which are
blue without, are lined with purple and white within, and
spread themselves out in a flattened manner, with a row of filaments
p. arranged around an inner circle, while erect stands the supposed
" resemblance of the cross. Several varities are native in the United
“ States. Among them are found flowers of red, purple, crimson,
and red and white. Some of the species are adapted to the hot-
# house, and others to the greenhouse or conservatory. All are beautiful
and attractive. The flower was named los passtonds by the early missionaries,
who in their religious zeal imagined they saw emblems of the crucifixion —the
crown of thorns, nails, hammer, etc.—in the various parts of the curious blossom.

Holy Jroue.

E see Thy hand—it leads us, it supports us;

We hear Thy voice—it counsels and it courts us;
And then we turn away, and still thy kindness

Forgives our blindness. —Fokn Bowring.
HY wonders do singly stand, Foe this a hundred voices I desire, [tire,
Nor far removed where fest have seldom stray’d; To tell thee what a hundred tongues would
Around us ever lies the enchanted land, Yet never could be worthily exprest:
In marvels rich to Thine own sons displayed. How deeply thou art seated in my breast.
— Fones Very. —Dryden,
SINGLE passion flower pressed But oh! the flower to you and me
Is what my wistful eye engages, A deeper mystery unrolls,
And all the sign of love once blest For written on its leaves T see
Y Lies buried ’tween the written pages. The record of two burning souls! !
—H, H. Leech,
or ., 233 a

a

Pea--Sweet,

Lathvrus odoratus. Narurar Orver: Leguminose— Pulse Family.

<CATHYRUS ODORATUS, or Sweet Pea, is one of the
pritvorites of olden times, that has been crowded out by more
> recent novelties; but as fashions rotate, old things return to us
Zea new; so now we hope these réally-beautiful flowers will
again come to the front, and press their claims upon all
““*"flower-loving people. They are most excellent for screens
or arbors (whence the botanical name, from the Greek J/athon, lying
‘\y hid), many of them growing to the height of six feet; and although not
, producing as much leafage as the morning glory, they fully make up
for the remissness by the abundance and fragrance of their blossoms.
2 They are mostly from tropical climates, being natives of Ceylon, Sicily,
fa. and Barbary. In color they are white, purple, blue, nearly black, and
8 variegated; and are most easy of cultivation,

Departure,
UT why do you go?” said the lady, while both sate under the yew;
‘And her eyes were alive in their depth, as the kraken beneath the sea-blue.
“Because I fear you,” he answered; “because you are far too fair,
And able to strangle my soul in a mesh of your gold-colored hair.” —arys, Browning.

O, closing his heart, the judge rode on,

And Maud was left in the field alone.
— Whittier.

ING on! we sing in the glorious weather We move apart, while she singeth ever,
Till one steps over the tiny strand, Taking the course of the stooping sun.

So narrow, in sooth, that still together He prays, “Come over’”—I may not follow;
On either brink we go hand in hand. I cry, “Return!” but he cannot come;
The beck grows wider, the hands must sever, We speak, we laugh, but with voices hollow;
On either margin, our songs all done, Our hands are hanging, our hearts are numb.

—Fean Ingelow,
ERE are sweet peas, on tiptoe for a flight— as

With wings of gentle flush o’er delicate white,
And taper fingers catching at all things,

—Fohn Keats,

iy To bind them all about with tiny rings.
{p

234

Peach Dlassom,

JPersica vulgaris, Narurat Orver: Rosacee—Rose Family.

ATIVE to Persia, the Peach is one of the most delightful of
fruit trees. The different named varieties, numbering nearly
‘two hundred, have been mostly produced by a process called
hybridizing, to which nurserymen pay assiduous attention.
Se . ——_ NN # The flowers most frequently seen are a beautiful rose tint.
There are those, however, that are pure white, and also a
~ double variety. In size they are a little larger than the blossom of
$e the cherry. The fruit is among the most delicious bestowed upon
RS man, and its medicinal ‘properties are considered healthful, nutritious,
> and cooling to the system. The bark of the tree, the blossoms, and the
* skins of the seeds, are poisonous, being highly impregnated with
prussic acid, whieh is distinguishable even in the odor of the flowers.
In Great Britain the Peach is usually cultivated and trained against
| a south wall, in order to have the fruit ripen rapidly, the seasons
er being too inclement for it to be grown in large orchards, as it is
‘found in the United States, where its cultivation forms a considerable industry.

4 am Your Captive,

UT an imprison’d mind, though living, dies,
And at one time feels two captivities:
A narrow dungeon which her body holds,
But narrower body, which herself enfolds.

—Dr. King.
HEY chain’d us each to a marble stone, We could not see each other’s face,
And we were three—yet each alone; But with that pale and livid light
We could not move a single pace, That made us strangers in our sight.

—Byron.
AKE haste and lock the fetters over him,

Lest Zeus behold thee lagging.
—Mrs, Browning.

HE meant to weave me a snare To entangle me when we met,
Of some coquettish deceit, To have her lion in a silken net,
Cleopatra-like, as of old, And fawn at a victor’s feet. IE
— Tennyson, Yi
255 =
LS aN

Penistemoan,

Pentstemon campanulatus. Naruray Orver: Scrophulariacee—Figwort Family.

SAEAPIDLY advancing in favor since its introduction from Mexico,
a4 \if
By

f the Pentstemon is a handsome plant, finding a place in every

<¢ garden when its beauty is once beheld; but it should be win-
iS SW, py frost. It can be raised from seed, and is said to bloom the
WOE ‘Set SS first year if sown early in the spring. The blossom is tubular
“8 in shape, hanging three or four in a group, with the mouth of the flower

oly y downward. The color differs in different individuals, being scarlet, blue,

= [© and yellow, all remarkably handsome in whatever hue they sport. The
i> stalk is from eighteen to twenty inches or more in height. They make
ln nice conservatory or window plants, and will please all amateurs.

Binh-Bred.

OAST not these titles of your ancestors,
Brave youths, they ’re their possessions not your own;
When your own virtues equal’d have their names,
»T will be fair to lean upon their fames,
For they are strong supporters. —Ben Fonson.
CROSS the garden path she went,
Herself the sweetest flower there,

Or brushed with tufts of plumage soft
The humming insect tribe away.

Though richest blooms of Orient
Their fragrance mingled in the air.
Her swarthy bondmaids held aloft
A canopy of colors gay,

UT off your giant titles, then I can

Stand in your judgments’ blank and equal man,
Though hills advancéd are above the plain,
They are but higher earth, nor must disdain
Alliance with the vale; we see a spade

226
Le,

For sun, nor wind, nor gauzy wing,
Must venture on a touch too free;

She was the daughter of a king,
And bore herself right royally.

—Mary E, Bradley,
Can level them, and make a mount a glade;
Howe’er we differ in the herald’s book,
He that mankind’s extraction shall look
In nature’s rolls, must grant we all agree

In our best parts, immortal pedigree.
Dr. Henry King. '

iN
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[a wee

Peviwinke.

Dinca major. Naturay Orper: Apocynacee — Dogbane Family.

= ee HESE pretty little trailing plants are allied to the stately
R Cj fy
@

oleander, and are mostly found in the tropical or warm
climates. One of the species has variegated foliage, and is
an admirable plant for covering the ground beneath hedges
and other high-growing ‘shrubs, giving a succession of bloom
during the whole summer. In cool latitudes it is grown in

pots, being readily propagated by slips. The Vinca minor is an ever-
A green plant of straggling growth, the procumbent stems being several
C feet in length, and threadlike, fully illustrating its Latin name, which
,. comes from vincio, I bind. The Vinca major is more erect in habit.

KY Re It requires much heat in winter, but does well in summer in a sunny
| border. The Madagascar Periwinkle is a very handsome upright
iS Lik species, suitable for indoor culture, and has leaves of polished green,
oy ‘ey and pretty white or rose-colored flowers, with a dark eye in the
center. All the species bloom freely, and are easily cultivated.

karly Friendship.

| soapumennien our only wealth, our last retreat and strength,
Secure against ill fortune and the world. ~Rowe.

EW are the hearts that have proved the truth O, vividly in their faithful breast

Of their early affection’s vow; Shall the gleam of remembrance play,
And let those few, the beloved of youth, Like the lingering light of the crimson west,
Be ‘dear in absence now. When the sunbeam hath passed away!

—Horace Twiss.

AY this into your breast;

Old friends, like old swords, still are trusted best.
— Webster.

HAT heart, methinks, [print ba the summer of life passes quickly away,
Were of strange mold, which kept no cherish’d Soon the winter of age sheds its snow on the heart,
OF earlier, happier times, when life was fresh, But the warm sun of friendship that gilded youth’s day,

And love and innocence made holyday. Shall still thro’ the dark clouds a soft ray impart.
—Hillhouse. —A. Gibbs. ’

Pervsimman,

Diospyros ‘Dirginiana. NaturaL Orver: Ebenacee—Ebony Family.

inconspicuous, and are succeeded by a plum-shaped, pulpy
fruit, of a reddish-orange hue, containing several hard-shelled
7 ee Kseeds. Persimmons are only ripened by the action of the
‘élfrost, after which they become palatable and nutritious. In the South-
7{_,ern States they are used in various ways, but in the Middle States they
i, are seldom found plentifully enough to be used in any way except to
tT eat in their original state. They are allied to the date plum, a foreign
r variety. The bark is used to allay fevers, and it also possesses tonic
% and astringent properties. The species are numerous in the tropics.

Amid Dature’s Beauties.

HE love of Nature’s works
Is an ingredient in the compound man,
Infused at the creation of the kind. —Cowper.

OW blest the man who in these peaceful plains Of solitude, the secret primrose path

Plows his paternal field; far from the noise, Of rural life, he dwells; and with him dwell
The care and bustle of a busy world! Peace and content, twins of the sylvan shade,
All in the sacred, sweet, sequester’d vale And all the graces of the golden age.

—Michael Bruce.
HE green earth sends its incense up
From every mountain shrine —
From every flower and dewy cup

That greeteth the sunshine.
—Whittier.

le thou art worn and hard beset Thy heart from fainting, and thy soul from sleep, °
With sorrows that thou wouldst forget, Go to the woods and hills!—no tears
If thou wouldst read a lesson that will keep Dim the sweet look that Nature wears.
—Longfellow,

O nature! how in every charm serene.
—Beattie.

_ = -

Pelunia,

Petunia argentea. Narurar Orper: Solanacee— Nightshade Family.

; ELONGING to the same order of plants as the tobacco, the
Petunia is a native of South America, and derives its name
from petun, a name for tobacco among the aborigines of
that quarter. Of late years foreign florists have taken infinite
Q, pains to improve it by hybridizing, and have succeeded in
producing some that are most exquisite in color, being plain,
AS "blotched, or striped, and nearly as double as a rose. This has
@. only been accomplished after numerous discouragements. As the double
ones rarely produce seeds, and should they do so would seldom yield
double flowers in return, the mode of procedure has been to take the
pollen of the double flower and apply it to the stigma of the never-
failing single flower, having previously removed the pollen of the latter.
The plants must then be grown and allowed to ripen under cover, to be sure
that no bee or truant insect, searching for hidden sweets, shall shake off from its
tiny legs any of the pollen that may have adhered while wantoning over single

blossoms.
+
Keep Your Promises.
Y deeds and speeches, sir,
Are lines drawn from one center; what I promise
To do, I'll do. —Daniel,
HE man that is not in the enemies’ pow’r, | ceaaree creature! bright Astrea’s daughter!
Nor fetter’d by rhisfortune, and breaks promises, How shall I honor thee for this success?
Degrades himself; he never can pretend Thy promises are like Adonis’s gardens,
To honor more. That one day bloom’d, and fruitful were the next
— Sir Robert Stapleton. — Shakespeare.
ies! not thy tongue too often bind thy will, For hearts once lighten’d by a promise giv’n,
To render deeds unto thy foe or friend, May sink too low for rescue shouldst thou fail,
For words once utter’d thou must erst fulfill, As ships reach not the port for which they’ve striv’n
Lest sweetest friendship have inglorious end Except a favoring wind their sails prevail.
f ; —C.H. T.
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|

3

woh

a

>)
Opportunity.
HE means that heaven yields must be embraced,
And not neglected; else, if heaven would,
And we will not, heaven’s offer we refuse,
The proffer’d means of succor and redress. —sShakespeare.
FIND my zenith doth depend upon ISS not occasion; by the forelock take
A most suspicious star; whose influence That subtle power, the never-halting time,
If now I court not, but omit, my fortunes Lest a mere moment’s putting off should make
Will ever after droop. —Shakespeare. Mischance almost as heavy as a crime.
— Wordsworth,
HE golden opportunity
Is never offer’d twice; seize then the hour
When fortune smiles, and duty points the way.
—Old Play. .
HE old Scythians [wings, CCASION, set on wing, flies fast away,
Painted blind Fortune’s powerful hands with Whose back once turned, no holdfast can we find;
To show her gifts come swift and suddenly, Her feet are swift, bald is her head behind;
Which, if her fav’rite be not swift to take, Whoso hath hold, and after lets her go,

ly He loses them forever. —Chapman, ~- Does lose the lot which fortune did bestow. i

—Mirror for Magistrates, ,
_ “ at

Phasealns,

Phaseolus multiflorus. Naruray Orver: Leguminose— Pulse Family.

wu e3NE of the plants that have been utilized by man for food, the
E> Phaseolus, is familiar to all under the name of Bean. Some
few are indigenous to the soil, but most of those grown, either
for food or ornament, are from foreign lands. The Phaseolus
> vulgaris, that is so much grown for its edible pods, is from
SS the East Indies, as are also the short Bush and Lima Beans,

all three of which produce white flowers. The Phaseolus multiflorus,

is also a variety with white and lilac flowers. The Hyacinth Bean is
‘another handsome bloomer, and, with the two previously mentioned, is
‘a My cultivated as an ornamental climber for screens, trellises and arbors.

Phlox.

Phlox subulata. Narurat Orver: Polemoniacee—Polemonium Family.

BRAN at SAOSIN . . 1 i
Sy T is said that Drummond, an eminent botanist and collector

of flowers, on seeing some of the above in blossom, smiling
Ry. among the barren pine-lands in New Jersey, exclaimed, “the
beauty of that alone is worth coming to America to see; it
+, is so splendid!” and truly they are beautiful. The Phlox is
) found on rocky hills, from New Jersey west to Kentucky
and south to Georgia, usually growing in clusters, and blooming in
May. The flower is either pink or white, with a dark spot in the
center. The most handsome garden Phloxes are those called Phlox
Drummondii, named after the above botanist, and probably derived
from our native variety. The blossoms, arraying themselves in almost

“every concievable tint of the various colors, are charming to the eye.
(@ ),! Phe Greek word Phlox denotes flame.

ss
=
Qnanimity.
HOU wast my nurse in sickness, and my comforter in health,
So gentle and so constant, when our love was all our wealth.
—Albert Pike.
H! we will walk this world, HERE are two hearts whose movements thrill
Yok’d in all exercise of noble aim, In unison so closely sweet,
And so through those dark gates across the wild That pulse to pulse, responsive still,
That no man knows. They both must heave—or cease to beat.
—Tennyson. —Barton.

co moment of full-fruited gleaning!
Rapturous blending of spirit with kin!

One in the heavens but knoweth the meaning
Of tenderest mystery hidden within

. This meeting of waters, this harvested sheen.
—Mary B. Dodge.
OW gladly, then, the days would glide, What peace our sheltered lives would hold,
How faultlessly the nights would follow, What rest our placid hearts discover,
With cadences of many a tide While wind, and bird, and sea-wave told

In many a cavern cool and hollow! The joys of lover and of lover!

ss

—Edgar Fawcett.

Pimpernel,

Anagallis arvensis. Narurar Orver: Primulacee —Primrose Family.

*NAGALLIS is found growing in an uncultivated state in
, many places in Europe, so plentiful as to be classed as a
“weed. The flowers of this variety, which are scarlet, with a
: purple circle at the eye, open at eight o’clock and close at
iN 2, noon, or at the approach of rain, thereby giving it the
©) familiar cognomen of “poor man’s weather glass.” It pos-

es the ancient Druids gathered it fasting, and with the left hand, carefully
refraining from casting their eyes upon it, and ascribing to it magical

a properties in the cure and prevention of diseases in their cattle. It is a
pretty plant of a trailing habit, with beautiful flowers in the cultivated species,
whose tints are blue, white, red, vermilion, and maroon. Its geographical dis-
tribution extends over various portions of the world.

(Wirth.

HE broadest mirth unfeeling folly wears,

Less pleasing far than virtue’s very tears.

—Pope.
HERE is the man that has not tried HERE is our usual manager of mirth?
How mirth can into folly glide, What revels are in. hand? Is there no play
And folly into sin? —Sir W. Scott. To ease the anguish of a torturing hour?
— Shakespeare,
HILE her laugh, full of life, without any control -
But the sweet one of gracefulness, rung from her soul,
And where it most sparkled, no glance could discover,
In lip, cheek, or eyes, for she brightened all over,
Like any fair lake that the breeze is upon,
\ When it breaks into dimples, and laughs in the sun. ;
—Moore.
Ka a

242
—— rs

Pine.

JJinus strobus. Narurar Orver: Conifere—Pinc Family.

Veep,
> NTERING so largely into all of our building enterprises, as
b>, Well as into cheap household furniture, the wood of this
tree is easily recognized, especially from its softness and
lightness. The trunk, which is usually very straight, often
; attains the height of two hundred feet, while about half the
distance from the ground the branches stretch themselves like
) great self-sustaining arms, rendering the Pine one of the most noble
trees of the forest. The needle-like foliage is clustered in small masses
on the tips of the twigs. The tree is supposed to have received its
$6) name from its leaves, for the Saxon name finntreo signifies pin-tree,
Nas does also the Danish pyn-b00m, and the Welsh pin-dren.

Philosophy.

| ieee philosophy! by whose pure light
We first distinguish, then pursue the right,

Thy power the breast from every error frees,
And weeds out all its vices by degrees.

—Gifford.
HAT does philosophy impart to man She but extends the scope of wild amaze
But undiscovered wonders? Let her soar And admiration. All her lessons end

Even to her proudest heights, to where she caught In wider views of God’s unfathomed depths.
The soul of Newton and of Socrates, —Henry Kirk White.
Blest are those

Whose blood and judgment are so well commingled,

That they are not a pipe for fortune’s finger,

To sound what stop she please. — Shakespeare.
A when I stretched beneath the pines, At the sophist schools, and the learned clan;
Where the evening star so holy shines, For what are they all in their high conceit,
I laugh at the lore and the pride of man, When man in the bush with God may meet?
—Emerson,
HILOSOPHY and Reason! Oh! how vain
Their lessons to the feelings! They but teach
To hide them deeper, and to show a calm,
\ Unruffled surface to the idle gaze. —Elizabeth Bogart. é

AG

Ditcher Plant.

Sarracenia psittacina, Narurar Orver: Sarraceniacee— Pitcher Plant Family,

es

= oN ARRACENIA, so named in honor of Dr. Sarrasin, of Quebec,

is found in low, wet situations in warm latitudes, and is remark-
able for the peculiar construction of the leaves, which. are not
; flat, as in most other foliage, but are like hollow tubes, tapering
toward the bottom like a vase, with a sort of cap or lid for
the top, the hollow being nearly always half filled or more
with water. There is one species from the East Indies that is well
adapted for the greenhouse. The leaves of this plant are narrow

Sys

my

ny
a

and tapering, and the middle vein appears to run on in a sportive
mood, extending itself like a thread beyond the leaf some four or five
» inches, and then curls about and turns up at the extremity, forming a
delightful little pitcher. When grown in a pot, it requires a great deal
' of moisture, and a layer of moss or cocoa fiber on the surface of the soil
to check evaporation. Some varieties have leaves from one to three feet
high. The flowers are yellow or purple.

Austinet,

| ects from the birds what food the thickets yield;
Learn from the beasts the physic of the field;
The art of building from the bee receive;

Learn of the mole to plough, the worm to weave.

= iia:

3

—Pope.
Gn% where full instinct is the unerring guide, Stays till we call, and then not often near;
What hope or counsel can they need beside? But honest instinct comes a volunteer;
Reason, however able, cool at best, Sure never to o’ershoot, but just to hit;
Cares not for service, or but serves when prest; While still too wide or short is human wit.
—Pope.
| Ia can we justly different causes frame,
When the effects entirely are the same?
Instinct and reason how can we divide?
‘Tis the fool’s ignorance, and the pedant’s pride.
Prior,
2 yi
Sr, ua othe

ee oh,

This one is recorded by Pliny

as a plant reputed to cure a disease of the eyes, and we
“find it mentioned in other ancient authors. The varieties
“are numerous. Some of them can be grown out of doors until destroyed
by frost, but most of them require some protection in the northern or
A, colder latitudes. The Plumbago rosea is best adapted for hothouse
culture, and produces a bountiful supply of red flowers; but for the

3 greenhouse, the Plumbago Capensis is to be preferred, with its beautiful
Se, spikes of blue flowers, blooming from midsummer until midwinter. The

aw other species are natives of the East Indies, Peru and Chili, and all
have proved hardy in the Southern States. They flourish best in their

native soil in the neighborhood of the sea, or marshes formed by salt water.

Qeckness with Dignity,

MEEK mountain daisy, with delicate crest,

And the violet whose eye told the heaven of her breast.
—Mrs. Sigourney.

LOVED thee for thy high-born grace, I loved thee for thy stainless truth,
Thy deep and lustrous eye — Thy thirst for higher things,

For the sweet meaning of thy brow, For all that to our common lot
And for thy bearing high. A better temper brings. —Willis.

ET so much is my poverty of spirit,

So mighty, and so many my defects,
That I would rather hide me from my greatness,
Being a bark to brook no mighty sea.

—Shakespeare.
UMILITY, that low, sweet root, UMILITY is eldest-born of virtue,
From which all heavenly virtues shoot. And claims the birthright at the throne of heav’n.
—Moore. , —Murphy.

x

_

245 oi

Poinsettia,

Pomsettia pulcherruma. Narurat Orver: Luphorbiacee— Spurge Family.

-OEL ROBERTS POINSETT, United States minister to Mexico,
,,discovered, in 1828, this magnificent plant,.one that excites such
universal admiration when in its holiday trim. It is commonly
grown among hothouse plants, though it will thrive in other situ-
2 ations with care and_attention. It is a halfshrubby plant, much
inclined to a straggling growth, and requires pruning about the
@~-second spring month, when it should be cut back to within about
= two inches of the wood of the previous year. This causes the
f® plant to send out side branches, which must be preserved with care
We lest the ends of the twigs be broken. In midwinter the scarlet
bracts or leaves which surround the flowers begin to appear,
crowning the tip of each shoot as it were with fire, when it is the
most brilliant, most magnificent plant in our collections. For deco-
rative purposes it is much sought, and as the demand nearly always exceeds the

supply, high prices are paid without demur for these floral tips.

Brittiancy.

gi lees gay and glorious creatures! they neither “toil nor spin;”
Yet lo! what goodly raiment they ’re all appareled in;
No tears are on their beauty, but dewy gems more bright

Than ever brow of eastern queen endiadem'd with light.
—Miss Bowles.

ROSE! O pearl! O child! O things of light!
O maiden’s eye that melts with beams of love!
O stars that sparkle in the vault above!

O peerless moon, thou radiant queen of night!

O golden sun, so glorious in my sight!

H*® earnest and undazzled eye he keeps [words
Fix’d on the sun of Truth, and breathes his
As easily as eagles cleave the air;

How doth my soul leap forth to soul in thee,

To that appealing mute divinity

Which gives thee glory as it gives thee might!

*Tis what we worship, though we know it not
— Sallie A, Brock.

O what he will, he cannot realize
Half he conceives— the glorious vision flies;
Go where he may, he cannot hope to find

And never pauses till the height is won. The truth, the beauty pictur’d in his mind.

—Mrs, Hale. —Rogers. )
fee 246 XP
ma oN

AGS he — oho

Pomegranate.

Punica granatum. Narurar Orver: Myrtacee— Myrtle Family.

OES

x. EQUIRING the protection of glass in the northern climate, the
/ Pomegranate is generally cultivated in greenhouses, while in the
€¢ south of Europe it is grown for hedges, being in its wild state
ve a thorny bush. The flowers are large, handsome, and scarlet
“G wp in color, both double and single. Its fruit has a hard rind,
=~ numerous seeds, a soft pulp of fine flavor, and is as large as
. an orange; while the root yields an extract valuable for its medical
‘A properties. Columella, a writer on husbandry in a.p. 42, makes mention
of it. Josephus says, in his Antiquities of the Jews, “that the bells on
y the high priests’ robes were the symbols of thunder, and the pome-
granates, of lightning.” :

ightning.

ED lightnings play’d along the firmament,
And their demolish’d works to pieces went.

—Dryden.
ROM cloud to cloud the rending lightnings rage; HE low reeds bent by the streamlet’s side,
Till, in the furious elemental war And hills to the thunder peal replied;
Dissolv’d, the whole precipitated mass The lightning burst on its fearful way,
Unbroken floods and solid torrents pour. While the heavens were lit in its red array.
—Thomson. —Willis Gaylord Clark.

OOK! from the turbid south
What floods of flame in red diffusion burst!
Frequent and furious, darted thro’ the dark,
And broken ridges of a-thousand clouds,
Piled hill on hill; and hark! the thunder rous’d,

Groans in long roarings through the distant gloom!

—Mallet.
HROUGH the air HE winds grow high;
Mountains of clouds, with lurid summits roll’d, Impending tempests charge the sky;
The lightning kindling with its vivid glare The lightning flies, the thunder roars,
Their outlines as they rose, heap’d fold on fold. And big waves lash the frighted shores.

—Epes Sargent. —Prior,

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co
ce

Poppy--Opinm,

Papaver somniferum, Naturar Orver: Papaveracee —Poppy Family.

4 ROM this plant is obtained that powerful narcotic, the opium
of commerce. It has a milky juice that exudes from incisions
“made on the capsules of the plant. After it has been col-
lected, it is worked in the sun until it is firm enough to be
formed into cakes for exportation. Ceres is pictured carrying
\:%5Poppies in her hand, because, when she lost her daughter,
~ Jupiter gave her Poppies to eat, that she might get sleep and
rest, which she could not before, for the intensity of her grief. The
flowers are white, large and double. The Oriental Poppy from the
Levant is a beautiful flower of a rich scarlet. The capsule is round,
with a flat cap or covering, underneath which are small openings
through which the seeds may be scattered as from a pepperbox.

Steep.

LEEP, sleep! be thine the sleep that throws
Elysium o’er the soul’s repose,
Without a dream, save such as wind,

Like midnight angels, through the mind.
—Robert M. Bird. .

OW beautiful is sleep! Yet sleep is awful, too—
Yet if its purest beauties thou wouldst feel, So like to death’s its features it can dress;
On the babe’s slumber creep, Meek slumberer! while I view
And bid thy heart confess its mute appeal. Thine own, I deeply feel its awfulness.
—Barton.
MAGIC sleep! O comfortable bird
That broodest o’er the troubled sea of the mind
Till it ig hush’d and smooth. O unconfined
Restraint! imprison’d liberty! great key
To golden palaces—ay, all the world
Of silvery enchantment! —Keats.
ROM a poppy I have taken Deadens every sense of smart;
Mortal’s balm and mortal’s bane; ~ Doomed to heal or doomed to kill,
Juice that, creeping through the heart, Fraught with good, or fraught with ill. fp
P or —Mrs, Robinson. \\)
phe : avs

Partnlaca,

Portulaca grandiflora, Narurar Orver: Portulacacee—Purslane Family.

@\, Africa, though the varieties are greatly improved, and florists
Ayihave by a course of treatment produced a multiplicity of colors.
‘i In their native land they are found in very sandy soils, and
DAs I: there are no plants that stand drouth better than they, except,
7 oe - “ERK perhaps, the cacti. The flowers appear fresh every morning
2 5M during flowering seasons, and the seeds when ripe are of a silvery
!,appearance. The native weed known under the name of Purslane is an

Mole fleshy stems and leaves, and is used as a pot-herb, also for pickles,
oa i salads, and garnishing, and for that reason is designated botanically
# Portulaca oleracea.

iG ——————

Variety.

HE earth was made so various, that the mind
Of desultory man, studious of change,
And pleas’d with novelty, might be indulg’d.

—Cowper.
, poreadaaesan did nature pour her bounties forth OUNTLESS the various species of mankind,
With such a full and unwithdrawing hand, Countless the shades which separate mind
Covering the earth with colors, fruits and flocks, from mind;
Thronging the seas with spawn innumerable — No general object of desire is known;
But all to please and sate a curious taste. Each has his will, and each pursues his own.
—Milton. —Gifford.

OUTH loves and lives on change,
‘Till the soul sighs for sameness; which at last

Becomes variety; and takes its place. —Bailey.
ARIETY, the source of joy below, LAY every string in love’s sweet lyre,
From which still fresh revolving pleasures flow; Set all its music flowing;
In books and love the mind one end pursues, Be air, and dew, and light, and fire,
And only change the expiring flame renews. To keep the soul-flower growing.
—Gay. —Mrs. Osgood.

HAT each from other differs, first confess;

Next, that he varies from himself no less.
—Pope.

249 i

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Motentitla,

Potentilla formosa. Narurat Orver: Rosacee—Rose Family.

LN
=e.

ef
ri

xSHE habit of this plant, being similar to that of the straw-
berry, renders it superior for rock work, or the adornment
of hanging-baskets; and some of the larger kinds, being free

bloomers, make a very nice appearance when placed in the
shrubbery borders. The flowers are various as well as
handsome, being rose-colored, scarlet, yellow, and scarlet
and buff combined, continuing in bloom from five to six months.
[' One of the native species is sometimes called Cinquefoil, or Five-
‘ ( finger; and the plant is used medicinally for its astringent and tonic
" properties, but scarcely merits its name (from the Latin otens,
I> powerful), as it is rather a mild astringent. Although called hardy

perennials, they are the better for some light protection in winter.

Beloved Daughter.

HOU art my daughter—never loved as now—
Thou mountain maid—thou child of liberty!
Urilda! well from Uri’s height I named thee,

Free as its breezes— purer than its snows.
—Maturin,

HE obeys with speedy will | Scesasense masters every sense,
Her grave parents’ wise commands; And her virtues grace her birth:
And so innocent, that ill Lovely as all excellence,
She nor acts, nor understands. Modest in her most of mirth.
—William Habington, , —William Browne,

HE comforts all her mother’s days,
And with her sweet, obedient ways
She makes her labor light;
So sweet to hear, so fair to see!

O, she is much too good for me.
, —Fean Ingelow.

ND a stranger when he sees her And all voices that address her
In the street, even, smileth stilly, Soften, sleeken every word,
Just as you would at a lily; As if speaking to a bird.
\ —Mrs. Browning.
(A 250

Primrose.

Primula grandiflora. Naturat Orver: Primulacee— Primrose Family.

NE of the first floral pages in the spring volume of nature
may be said to be occupied by the Primroses, as they early
peep from the ground, showing their blossoms in April; hence
the name, from the Latin primus, first. They are natives of
Europe, and by cultivation have been made double, and of a
variety of colors, while in their wild state they are single and
yellow. In greenhouses they are made to bloom in winter, and are
gems for window culture, also. They bloom abundantly, and are so
pure in their tints, and so delicate in their structure, as to make them
perfectly charming to the amateur, as well as to the professional florist.

cS,

rj

J ° Youth,

OUTH has sprightliness and fire to boast,
That in the valley of decline are lost;
And virtue with peculiar charms appears,

Crowned with the garland of life’s blooming years.
—Cowper.
H! happy breasts! unknown to pain, Nor dream of woe or future guile;
I would not spoil your joys; For soon shall ye awaken’d find
Nor vainly teach you to complain The joys of life’s sad, thorny way,
Of life’s delusive toys. But fading flowerets of a day,

Be jocund still, still sport and smile, Cut down by every wind. —Bidlake.

IVE, that thy young and glowing breast
Can think of death without a sigh;
And be assured that life is best
Which finds us least afraid to die.
—Eliza Cook.
HAT is youth? A smiling sorrow, Laughing, weeping, doating, changing,
Blithe today, and sad tomorrow; Wild, capricious, giddy, vain,

Cloyed with pleasure, nursed with pain.
—Mary Robinson.

Never fixed, forever ranging,

OUTH with swift feet walks onward in the way

The land of joy lies all before his eyes.
—Mrs. Butler,
251

Cry
ees.

a, a DG
a a,

Privet.

Ligustrum vulgare. Narurat Orver: Oleacee—Olive Family.

yf ROUPS of the common Privet, or Prim, are frequently found
i adorning the fields and pastures in the New England States,
and as far west as New York. It is a hardy shrub, from
six to eight feet high, with small, delicate foliage, of a rather
“somber green, and strong, yellow, matted or tangled roots.

pee “The flowers are white, blooming in conical bunches, similar

Se to the lilac, and are succeeded by a polished, black, bitter berry, that
age?) shows in strong contrast in winter’s snow. It is well adapted for
Na hedges, for which it is usually propagated by cuttings, although it is

at m8 the foliage of this bush, as they do some others that are used for the

-~By:fxlsame purpose. The wood is hard and compact, and when large enough

& ~~

can be used in the arts, and is sometimes burned for charcoal for gunpowder.

From the berries is obtained a rose tint used for staining maps. The Privet is
a very ancient shrub, as in Virgil we find the mention of Alba Ligustra, White
Privets, and in Columella, Ligustrum nigrum, the Black Privet. There are
several varieties with white, yellow and green berries, some being from China,
Japan and the East Indies.

Delensg.

HEN in the name of God, and all these rights,

Advance your standards, draw your willing swords.
— Shakespeare.

IGER with tiger, bear with bear, you’ll find And forge that steel by which a man is slain,

In leagues offensive and defensive joined; Which earth at first for plowshares did afford,

But lawless man the anvil dares profane, Nor yet the smith had learned to form a sword.
—Tate,

IS sword, edg’d with defense of right and honor,
Would pierce as deep as lightning, with that speed too;

And kill as deadly. —Beaumont and Fletcher.
EHOLD! I have a weapon; That with this little arm and this good sword
A better never did itself sustain I have made my way thro’ more impediments

f \ Upon a soldier’s thigh: I have seen the day, Than twenty times your stop. —Shakespeare.

te
eat
iS)

s Limaer) cee
<= —

ia a

ory

@ueen of the Bleadow,

Spirea salicifolia. Narurat Orver: Rosacee— Rose Family.

9,

a >EADOW lands. in the United States and Canada are fre-
Na quently the chosen seats of this small, slender shrub, which
2 i is on that account called Queen of the Meadow. It
iBye grows to a height of three or four feet, having a_pur-
Zi, plish stem, which is very brittle in texture. The flowers
* are commonly called white, but there is a flush of red over
them, and they are remarkable for their fragrance. The stamens,
which are those threadlike organs within the corolla, are very at-
tractive. The roots are possessed of some medicinal value, having
certain tonic properties. It is frequently called Meadow Sweet, and
is sometimes cultivated as an ornamental shrub, as are also several

other species of this beautiful genus.

Praisy.

ELLING men what they are, we let them see,
And represent to them, what they should be.

—Aleyn.
HE love of Praise, howe’er conceal’d by art, R_ who would ever care to do brave deed,
Reigns, more or less, and glows in every heart; Or strive in virtue others to excel,
The proud, to gain it, toils on toils endure, If none should yield him his deserved meed,
The modest shun it but to make it sure. Due praise, that is the spur of doing well?
—Young. —Speuser,

RAISE of the wise and good! it is a meed
For which I would long years of toil endure —

Which many a peril, many a grief, would cure.
—Sir E. Brydges.

AST down thyself, and only strive to raise l HAVE no taste of the noisy praise
The glory of thy Maker’s sacred name; Of giddy crowds, as changeable as winds;
Use all thy powers that bless’d power to praise, Servants to change, and blowing with the tide
Which gives the power to be and use the same. Of swoln success, but veering with its ebb.
—Sir F. Davies. —Dryden,

HOU ’LT say anon he is some kin to thee,

Thou spend’st such heydey wit in praising him.
—Shakespeare,
5 a
ed

253 oi

@neen of the Praivic.

Spirea lobata. Narurat Orver: Rosacee—Rose Family.

* waving its head amid the tall grass of the western prairies. It
was formerly called the Siberian Red Spiraea, and is remarkable
3, for its beauty, growing frequently from six to seven feet high.
We It blooms freely, the flowers being a deep rose-color. It is a
sister plant of the Meadow Sweet, the Pride of the Meadow, the
Goat’s-beard, and several other of the Spireeas that are cultivated

for their flowers, which, in the many varieties, appear during the
whole summer.

Dobility,

2 OND man! though all the honors of your line
Bedeck your halls and round your galleries shine
In proud display, yet take this truth from me—

Virtue alone is true nobility. — Gifford.
HE noble ranks of fashion and birth OW poor are all hereditary honors,
Are fetter’d by courtly rule; Those poor possessions from another’s deeds,
They dare not rend the shackles that tend Unless our own just virtues form our title,
To form the knave and fool. —£iiza Cook. And give a sanction to our fond assumption!
—Shirley,
AINGLORIOUS man, when fluttering wind does blow
In his light wings, is lifted up to sky;
The scorn of knighthood and true chivalry,
To think, without desert.of gentle deed
And noble worth, to be advancéd high,
Such praise is shame, but honor, virtue’s meed,
Doth bear the fairest flower in honorable seed.
— Spenser.
RUE is that whilome that good poet said, HOE’ER amid’st the sons
That gentle mind by gentle deed is known, Of reason, valor, liberty and virtue,
For man by nothing is so well bewray’d Displays distinguish’d merit, is a noble
As by his manners in which plain is shown Of nature’s own creating. Such have risen,

Sprung from the dust; or where had been our

— Spenser. honories? —Thompson.

, Of what degree and what race he is grown.

i

i
it

a 254 i

:
-

@Onince,

Cydonia vulgaris. Narurar Orver: Rosacee —Rose family.

. PY DONIA receives its name from a town in the island of
Crete, called Cydonia, famous for this species of fruit; and
2 its English name is supposed to be derived from the French

Soe

fez,

\& =f

com, a corner, alluding to its irregular appearance. The
© Quince tree grows quite dwarfish and straggling, the flowers
are larger than the apple blossoms, and the fruit is as large

DEE

4}

ub

as an orange, irregular in shape, yellow when ripe, and of a delightful

Me EE
ee NENY

At

‘@ fragrance peculiar to itself The Japan Quince, grown as an orna-

Alturement.

EMPTATIONS and trials, without and within,
From the pathway of virtue the spirit may lure;
But the soul shall grow strong in its triumphs o’er sin,
And the heart shall preserve its integrity pure.

—Burleigh,
EAUTIFUL apparition! go not hence! EMPTATION hath a music for all ears,
Surely thou art a goddess, for thy voice And mad ambition trumpeteth to all;
Is a celestial melody, and thy form And the ungovernable thought within
Self-poised as if it floated on the air! Will be in every bosom eloquent.
—Long fellow. —Willis.

fens wind is like a mellow tune

That blows me round the siren’s isle;
It is the fragrant lull of June

Becalms me for a little while,

Midmost their tuneful lure and wile.
—Fames Maurice Thompson.

~

OULD'ST thou boast, O child of weakness, F you’re idle, you’re destroy’d;
O’er the sons of wrong and strife, All his force on you he tries:
Were there strong temptations planted Be but watchful and employ’d,
\ In thy path of life? ~— Whittier. Soon the baffled tempter flies. —afosse é
Gy 255 a e i
oe

corey

Haggedl Robin,

Lochnis floseuculi. Narurat Orver: Caryophyllacee—Pink Family.

HIS species of Lychnis is a perennial herb from Europe, and
is from one to two feet high, with smooth, narrow, tapering
leaves. The flowers are a beautiful pink, with a brown

calyx. It is sometimes called, in England, the Cuckoo

flower (which is but a literal translation of the Latin los

scarlet or reddish-purple flower of some of the others. All the varie-
_ties of the Lychnis have been cultivated from time immemorial, the
‘Sflowers being red, white, pink, and purple. Some of the species

Wit.

NHAPPY wit, like most mistaken things,
Atones not for that envy which it brings.

—Pope.

ITH her mien she enamors the brave; OR nature never gave to mortal yet
With her wit she engages the free; A free and arbitrary power of wit;
With her modesty pleases the grave; But bound him to his good behavior for ’t,
She is every way pleasing to me. That he should never use it to do hurt.

— Shenstone, —Butler.

ILL is the prince, and wit the counselor,
Which doth for common good in council sit;
And when wit is resolved, will lends her power

To execute what is advised by wit.
—Sir F. Davies.

IS eye begets occasion for his wit; ENSE is the diamond, weighty, solid, sound;
For every object that the one doth catch, When cut by wit it casts a brighter beam;

The other turns to a mirth-loving jest. Yet, wit apart, it is a diamond still.
— Shakespeare. —Toung.

256

i

—Young.
F there be a crime AM rapt, and cannot
Of deeper dye than all the guilty train Cover the monstrous bulk of this ingratitude
Of human vices, ’tis ingratitude. —Brooke. With any size of words. —Shakespeare.
E that doth public good for multitudes,
Finds few are truly grateful.
—Marston.
LOW, blow, thou winter wind, Thy tooth is not so keen,
Thou art not so unkind Because thou art not seen,
As man’s ingratitude; Although thy breath be rude.
—Shakespeare.
NGRATITUDE is a monster
\ To be strangled in the birth; not to be cherish’d.
| —Massinger, if

ets.

Hannunenius,

Ranumeulus bulbosus. Narurar Orver: Ranunculacee—Crowfoot Family.

Woleit ULBOUS RANUNCULUS, or Crowfoot, is generally found
in pasture lands. The root is fleshy, and the flowers are of
a golden yellow. Some varieties are cultivated in our gar-
dens, among which are the Asiatic and Persian, sporting
through nearly every conceivable hue. “A good Ranunculus
I should have a stem eight or twelve inches high, flower not
{ less than two inches, in diameter, either of one color or variously
A ~ diversified.” Its name is the diminutive form of the Latin appellation
rana, signifying a frog, from the aquatic habits of some of the species.
It blooms in May and June.

AQugratiindy.

HE wretch whom gratitude once fails to bind,

. To truth or honor let him lay no claim.
v —Frowde.

LL should unite to punish the ungrateful; BX. me thy greatness grew; thy years grew with it,
Ingratitude is treason to mankind. But thy ingratitude outgrew them both.
—Thompson. —Dryden,
E that’s ungrateful has no guilt but one;
All other crimes may pass for virtues in him.

a 257 _ fs

(A ka

Hhodara,

_Rhodora Canadensis. Narurar Orver: Ericacee—Heath Family.

'T is in Canada and the New England States that the Rhodora
is to be most frequently met with, growing in moist places
among the mountains, or in the bogs. It is very handsome
when in bloom, as.each branch bears on its tip a cluster of
stemless flowers while there is yet no foliage visible. After
the blossoming season is over, the leaves make. their appear-
ance. The shrub is from two to three feet high, is closely allied to
the Rhododendron, and derives its name from its resemblance to the

rose.

Beauty in Retirement,

HE bloom of opening flowers’ unsullied beauty,
Softness and sweetest innocence she wears,

And looks like nature in the world’s first spring.

—Rowe.
N May, when sea winds pierced our solitudes, Rhodora! if the sages ask thee why

I found the fresh Rhodora in the woods, This charm is wasted on the marsh and sky,

Spreading its leafless bloom in a damp nook, Dear, tell them, that if eyes were made for seeing,
To please the desert and the sluggish brook: Then beauty is its own excuse for being.
The purple petals, fallen in the pool, Why thou wert there, O rival of the rose!
Made the black waters with their beauty gay; I never thought to ask; I never knew,

Here might the redbird come his plumes to cool, , But in my simple ignorance suppose [you.
And court the flower that cheapens his array. The selfsame Power brought me there, bro’t

—Ralph Waldo Emerson.

MAIDEN! silent sitting,
Braiding still thy golden hair;
Round thy head the bees are flitting,
Deeming thee a lily fair. —G. Hamlin.
aS thou wonder among women, HINE eyes’ clear fervor dwell
TI am fretted to the heart, Passionate on my own glad eyes so often,
Thinking how my words are few Because I know thou art
To depict thee as thou wert: My life’s diviner part,
What I will, I cannot do! My other tenderer heart to soothe, to soften.
—Howard Glyndon, —Edgar Fawcett, :

258

i Is fix’d my image, and who loves me best. —Dryden. )
lg
| al
oo oN ye

Racket.

Hesperis matronalis, Natura Orver: Crucifere—Mustard Family.

re Ss b A NE
Bh ESPERIS has three species: one a native of the United States
‘, and found growing near Lake Huron, another from the cold
latitude of Siberia, and a third a maritime herb found on the

Sho fertile seeds being obtained from the single flower. The seeds should
(0 ;
be sown in the early fall, and the plants kept in a place free from

ished. ‘The maritime variety is a smooth, thick, juicy, trailing plant, called Sea-
Rocket.

Rivalry.
AS not one of the two at her side—

This new-made lord, whose splendor plucks
The slavish hat from the villager’s head?

—Tennyson.
F all the torments, all the cares, Sylvia, for all the pangs you see
With which our lives are curst; Are lab’ring in my breast,
Of all the plagues a lover bears, I beg you would not favor me
Sure, rivals are the worst! Would you but slight the rest!
By partners in each other kind, How great soe’er your rigors are,
Afflictions easier grow; With them alone I’ll cope;
In love alone we hate to find T can endure my own despair
Companions of our woe. But not another’s hope.

—William Walsh,
F one must be rejected, one succeed,
Make him my lord within whose faithful breast

Hose-Austvian.

Rosa eglanteria. Narurat Orver: Rosacee—Rose Family.

Ss OSES, as well as flowers of all other kinds, are very much culti-
2, vated by the flower-loving people of Germany, of which land
this Rose is a native. The flowers are of a brilliant yellow,
\ ; and soon fall, but the green leaves of the bush are very fragrant.
», It is said that the essential oil, attar or otto of Roses, was
first discovered by Nur Jehan, better known as Nur Mahal
ays (“light of the harem”), wife of Jehanghir, Moghul emperor of Hin-
acy NZ .doostan, 1605-27. She observed an oily substance floating on a vessel of
= ‘ Rose-water that had been distilled by the heat of the sun. The attar is
ane very fragrant, being so concentrated that one drop will perfume a whole

yy dressing-case; and so expensive that an ounce will cost about one hun-

SN Y= dred dollars, requiring nearly half a million of average Roses for its
) production.

jrouchiness.

HAT loveliness ever in motion, which plays,

Like the light upon autumn’s soft, shadowy days, :
Now here, and now there, giving warmth as it flies,
From the lips to the cheeks. from the cheek to the eyes.

—Moore.

SWEET, pale face! O lovely eyes of azure,

In its abundance overflows the measure!
Clear as the waters of a brook that run

O graceful form, that cloudlike floatest on,

Limpid and laughing in the summer sun! With the soft, undulating gait of one

O golden hair, that, like a miser’s treasure, Who moveth as if motion were a pleasure.

—Longfellow.
H! could you look into my heart,

And watch your image there,
You would own the sunny loveliness

Affection makes it wear. —1/ys. Osgood.

ER face right wondrous fair did seem to be,
That her broad beauty’s beam great brightness threw
i Through the dim shade, that all men might it see.

ER dress, her shape, her matchless grace,
Were all observed, as well as heav’nly face;
With such peerless majesty she stands.

— Spenser. —Dryden.

260 i
aD

— “i
f

Hasebay,

Rhododendron maximum. Natrurar Orver: Ericacee— Heath Family.

A NATIVE tree from ten to fifteen feet high, the Rosebay is
» found principally in the Middle States. The leaves are thick
and leathery when mature, and are about five or six inches
“in length. The flowers, which appear in July and August,
2 are rose-color, frequently dotted with purple or yellow, and
‘ \"Sappear in fine contrast to the evergreen foliage. The whole
: genus “delights in shady woodlands and cool swamps; indeed, their

A
re aun ie hoe
aw’ for their brilliancy and diversity of color. The yellow variety is from
Siberia and the Caucasus mountains, where it grows in low bushes.

Galking.

E silent always when you doubt your sense,
And speak, though sure, with seeming diffidence.

—Pope.
NLESS thou find occasion, hold thy tongue HAT need there is to be reserved in speech,
Thyself or others careless talk may wrong. And temper all our thoughts with charity.
—Sir F. Denham. — Wordsworth,

IS air, his voice, his looks, and honest soul,
Speak all so movingly in his behalf,
I dare not trust myself to hear him talk.

—Addison.
HE spake in language whose strange melody Y tongue will tell the anger of my heart;
Might not belong to earth. I heard, alone, Or else my heart, concealing it, will break:
What made its music more melodious be — And, rather than it shall, I will be free,
The pity and the love of every tone. Even to the uttermost, as I please, in words.
= —Shelly. —Shakespeare,

S I listened to thee,
The happy hours pass’d by us unperceived,

So was my soul fixed to the soft enchantment.
—Rowe,
261

=<eoer

It is the very emblem of a maid, (Who would not strive upon so sweet a field
For whén the west wind courts her gently, To win the mastery ?)
How modestly she blows, and paints the sun And thoughts are in thy speaking eyes reveal'd,
f With her chaste blushes! Pure as the fount the prophet’s rod unseal’d.
i. —Beaumont and Fletcher. Be —Hoffman, i
pee z ois

i

Hose--Damask.

Rosa Mamascena, Narurat Orver: Rosacee—Rose Family.

ia

‘AMASCUS, a city one of the most ancient and renowned
Re i in Syria, gives its name to this particular variety of Rose,
3) which blooms monthly, and, under favorable circumstances,
| rat all seasons. The Rose is said to have been the favorite
Zig flower of Venus, and was formerly white, until she, being in
haste to assist her dying lover, pierced her foot with a thorn, and
F some of the blood falling on it changed its color from white to red. It
‘grows about four feet high, most of the monthly sorts being dwarfish

ae in habit. :

Blushing Beauty,

NTO the ground she cast her modest eye,

And ever and anon, with rosy red,
The bashful blush her snowy cheeks did dye.

— Spenser.
F Jove would give the leafy bowers IVE me the eloquent cheek
A queen for all their world of flowers, Where blushes burn and die;
The rose would be the choice of Jove, Like time, its changes speak
And reign the queen of every grove. The spirit’s purity.
—Moore. —Frances Sargent Osgood.

EAUTY was lent to nature as the type
Of heaven’s unspeakable and holy joy.

—Mrs. Hale.
E are blushing roses, Whatsoe’er of beauty
Bending with our fulness, Yearns and yet reposes,
*Midst our close-capp’d sister buds, Blush, and bosom, and sweet breath,
Warming the green coolness. Took a shape in roses.

—Leigh Hunt,
Of all flowers, Te lilies faintly to the roses yield,

Methinks a rose is best As on thy lovely cheek they struggling vie;

Rose-leaned Kubus,

Rubus rosefolius. Narurav Orver: Rosacee— Rose Family.

_ ing Bramble, and sometimes the Brier Rose, is a bush well
@\* fortified with straight prickles, and with foliage resembling
} that of the raspberry bush, being smooth on the under, and
peas meevelvety on the upper, surface. It is a very delicate plant,
” requiring the shelter of the greenhouse or conservatory in
order to cultivate it successfully; but as it blooms at the season when
nature has withdrawn her genial smiles, it has proved a very desirable
Y acquisition to those who can give it such shelter, or a sunny window
in the house. The blossoms are double, and a pure, snow white.
| 9 The Island of Mauritius claims its nativity, as does China, also. It is
an especial favorite in England, being familiarly called the Bridal or
Christmas Rose. The root is bulbous, and should be repotted in a
large pot as early as October, in order that it may bloom well the following
season, which commences about Christmas, and continues till May. It is propa-
gated by a division of the stems after the flowering season has ceased.

Ohreats,

H! wert thou young again, I would put off

My majesty to be more terrible. Eve.

peed note you in my book of memory, l

’LL make my heaven in a lady’s lap,
To scourge you for this reprehension;

And deck my body in gay ornaments,

And witch sweet ladies with my words and looks.
—Shakespeare.

Look to it well, and say-you are well warn’d.
—Shakespeare.

HAVE learned thy arts, and now
Can disdain as much as thou.
—Thomas Carew.
ACK to thy punishment,
False fugitive, and to thy speed add wings,
Lest with a whip of scorpions I pursue

HOUGH I’m young, I scorn to flit
On the wings of borrowed wit;
I’ll make my own feathers rear me,

Thy lingering. —Milton. Whither others cannot bear me. y)
\ —George Wither. v
‘ 263 a

ar
Cs,

fy,
og

Hasemanvy.

Rosmarinus officinalis, Narurar Orver: Labiate—Mint Family.

BAS ITERALLY, Rosmarinus signifies, in Latin, sea-dew, and
pate name was no doubt given because of the fondnéss of this
{plant for the surf-beaten and spray-sprinkled sea shore, whence

A Ai. its aromatic odor, not unlike that of camphor, often greets the
Ai. gladdened mariner as he sails along the coast. It is an

poM “evergreen shrub, with blue flowers, growing spontaneously
Va vin China, Asia Minor, Spain, Italy, and portions of France. It yields,
, by distillation, a great quantity of odoriferous oil, with which the whole
5) plant is highly impregnated. Rosemary was used by our forefathers

A

was distributed at weddings and funerals.

Remembrance,

HE plac’d it sad, with needless fear,
Lest time should shake my wavering soul —
Unconscious that her image there

Held every sense in fast control. —Byron.
THINK of thee when soft and wide And when the moon’s sweet crescent springs
The evening spreads her robes of light, In light o’er heaven’s wide, waveless sea,
And like a young and timid bride, And stars are forth like blessed things,
Sits blushing in the arms of night: I think of thee—I think of thee.

—George D. Prentice.
HERE’S not a look, a word of thine
My soul hath e’er forgot;
Thou ne’er hast bid a ringlet shine,
Nor given thy locks one graceful twine,
Which I remember not.

—Moore,
OSEMARIE is for remembrance And when I cannot have,
Between us day and night, (As I have said ‘before,)
Wishing that I might always have Then Cupid, with his deadly dart,

You present in my sight; Doth wound my heart full sore.

—Poem, 1584.

e:

a hel

er oe

Rose--Wusk,

Rosa moschata. Natural OrveEr: osacee— Rose Family.

and arbors; it grows from eleven to twelve feet high, requiring
always some support to keep it from the ground. The flowers,
which are large and white, bloom in clusters and have that
$2 peculiar musky odor from whence it derives its name. It is
OS said that Hymen, the god of matrimony, used to wear a
crown of Roses, and that “his locks dropped perfume.” The Rose,
of whatever species, color, or name, holds the supremacy in the hearts

Charms of Pome.

ie % E was made all up of love and charms!
Delight of every eye! when he appear’d,
A secret pleasure gladden’d all who saw him.
—Addison.
ER cheek had the pale, pearly tint HE passion you pretend,
Of sea shells, the world’s sweetest tint, as though Was only to obtain;
She lived, one half might deem, on roses sopp’d But when the charm is ended,
In silver dew. — Bailey. The charmer you disdain. —Dryden.

IGHT as the angel shapes that bless
~ An infant’s dream, yet not the less
Rich in all woman’s loveliness;
With eyes so pure, that from their ray
Dark vice would turn abash’d away.
—Moore.
ELL me where thy strength doth lie; HERE ’S no miniature
Where the power that charms us so— In her face, but is a copious theme,

In thy soul, or in thine eye? —Waller, Which would, discours’d at large of, make a volume.
—Massinger.

HE moved upon this earth a shape of brightness,
A power that from its objects scarcely drew
One impulse of her being —in her lightness,

Most like some radiant cloud of morning dew.
—Shelly,
265

One secret of my soul to show,
One hidden thought betray. Miss Landon. Be private yourself ? —Marston.

Hoase--dahite,

Rosa alba. Narurat Orver: Rosacee—Rose Family.

country, the Rosa alba, or White Rose, a shrub growing
from six to seven feet high. Its flowers are usually pure
white, though sometimes delicately tinted with a blush. The
White Rose. has been selected as a bape of secrecy, as

ge: secretly; and Booth says it was so considered by the ancients, silo
2 5 hung it up at their entertainments, as a token that anything there
said was not to be divulged. The flowers are very fragrant, and

perrecy.

EARCH not to find what lies too deeply hid;

Nor to know things whose knowledge is forbid.
—Denham.

ELL, read my cheek, and watch my eye,— HEN two know it, how can it be a secret?
Too strictly school’d are they, And indeed with what justice can you

Expect secresy in me, that cannot

NDEED, true gladness doth not always speak:

Joy bred and born but in the tongue is weak.
—Ben Fonson.

Y list’ning powers E leew keep this secret from the world,

Were awed, and ev’ry thought in silence hung, As warily as those that deal in poison

And wond’ring expectation. —Ahenside. Keep poison from their children: —Webster.

SECRET in‘his mouth,
Is like a wild bird put in a cage;
Whose door no sooner opens, but ’tis out.

— Fonson.
NTO our calm today its ghost comes gliding— Silence! its pale lips say; the snow-white silence
Known all too late! Of yon sad stone.
Take from my hand its emblem, and the emblem Yet—lingering joy —the sharers, even of silence,
f \ Of our strange fate. Are not alone! —Howard Glyndon.
266

atk

aw

mae)

Hudhbechia,

- Rudbeckia lacniata. Narurar OrvDER: Composite — Aster Family,

ERY properly this plant has been dedicated to Olaus Rudbeck,
6 a celebrated botanist of Upsal, Sweden, a man unequaled in
the ardor and zeal with which he prosecuted his botanical

researches. His son, of the same name, followed in his foot-
? steps, and was scarcely less distinguished. The Swedes have a

TC ee

g

‘taste for the science, and Linnzus, one of the greatest of naturalists,
was a countryman of the Rudbecks. His reputation has somewhat
overshadowed the earlier workers. The Rudbeckia is a tall plant,

s

My > OCD nnn te

resembling the sunflower, and is found growing freely around swamps
and ditches throughout the United States and Canada, and blooms
<¢ from August to September.

Austicg,

HAT stronger breastplate than a heart untainted?
Thrice is he armed who hath his quarrel just,
And he but naked, though lock’d up in steel,

Whose conscience with injustice is corrupted.

—Shakespeare,
HOUGH with tardy step USTICE, when equal scales she holds, is blind,
Celestial justice comes, that step is sure, Nor cruelty, nor mercy, change her mind:
Unerring is her bolt, and where it falls, When some escape for that which others die,
Eternal will the ruin be. —Samuel Hays, | Mercy to those, to these is cruelty, —Denhant,

HAPPY lot be thine, and larger light

Await thee there; for thou hast bound thy will
In cheerful homage to the rule of right,

And lovest all, and doest good for ill.

—Bryant.
HE sun of justice may withdraw his beams Nor virtue droop despondent; soon these clouds
’
Awhile from earthly ken, and sit concealed Seeming eclipse, will brighten into day,
In dark recess, pavilioned round with clouds; And in majestic splendor he will rise,
Yet let not guilt presumptuous rear her crest, With healing and with terror on his wings.

26 4 —Bailey,

Laer aCe

Se

a

BUC,

Ruta graveolens. Narturar Orver: Rutacee—Rue Family.

of the Eastern Hemisphere and the tropical parts of South
America. The name Ruté is of Peloponnesian origin, and is

frequently mentioned by both ancient Greek and Latin au-

al thors; while peganon was apparently the synonym elsewhere
“EN in Greece. The whole plant is pervaded by an intensely

i that render it useful in medicine, among which are its tonic and febri-
fugal properties. It is a very hardy shrub, frequently cultivated in
~ gardens, growing about three feet high, and from June to September
produces flowers of a dull yellow color, in loose clusters,

Repentance,
I have deeply felt
The mockery of the hollow shrine at which my spirit knelt;
Mine is the requiem of years in reckless folly pass’d,
The wail above departed hopes on a frail venture cast;
The vain regret that steals above the wreck of squander’d hours

Like the sighing of the autumn wind over the faded flowers.
—Whittier.

E that lacks time to mourn lacks time to mend; OME, fair Repentance! daughter of the skies!
Eternity mourns that. ’Tis an ill cure Soft harbinger of soon returning virtue!
For life’s worst ills, to have no time to feel them. The weeping messenger of grace from heav’n!
—Henry Taylor. —Brown,

HO by repentance is not satisfied,

Is not of heav’n nor earth, for these are pleased;

By penitence the Eternal’s wrath’s appeased. — Shakespeare.
WEET tastes have sour closes; [of roses. ORROW for past ills doth restore frail man
And he repents on thorns that sleeps on beds To his first innocence.
—2Quarles. —Nabb.

O let us which this change of weather view,

Change eke our minds, and former lives amend;
The old year’s sins forepast let us eschew,

And fly the faults with which we did offend. — Spenser. ii

268 G
ad cory
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Sage.

Salvia officinalis. Narurar Orver: Labiate—ALint Family.

s, AGE is an humble denizen of the kitchen-garden, never making
” its appearance on the lawn among the gay and brilliant com-
panions that we find it associated with in the botany, but con-
tent to be surrounded by the less obtrusive though more useful
;, plants—the crisp lettuces, the peas, the beans, and numerous
Vee others that garnish our tables during the summer months. In
order to be well grown it requires a mellow soil, when it becomes
a pleasing object to the eye, its peculiar green distinguishing it from

.s name, is derived from salvo, I save, as it possesses valuable medical
properties, being classed in botanical works as a tonic and expectorant.

Damestig Virtug.

ND oh, the atmosphere of home! how bright
It floats around us when we sit together
Under a bower of vine in summer weather,

Or round the hearthstone on a winter night.
—Park Benjamin.

O single virtue could we most commend, ean to be good, but aim not to be great;
Whether the wife, the mother or the friend; A woman’s noblest station is retreat;
For she was each in that supreme degree, Her fairest virtues fly from public sight;
That as no one prevail’d, so all was she. Domestic worth —that shuns too strong a light.
—Dryden. —Lord Lyttleton.
a Dee sum of all that makes a just man happy,
Consists in the well choosing of his wife. —Massinger.

LL day, like some sweet bird, content to sing |B perdnes happiness! thou only bliss

In its small cage, she moveth to and fro— Of Paradise that has surviv’d the fall!

And ever and anon will upward spring Though few now taste thee unimpair’d and free,
To her sweet lips, fresh from the fount below, Or, tasting, long enjoy thee; too infirm,
The murmur’d melody of pleasant thought. Or too incautious, to preserve thy sweets
—Mrs. E. Oakes Smith. Unmix’d with drops of bitter. —Couper. ‘i
H

Ps = eas

eer

Salvia,

Salvia splendens. NaruraL Orver: Labiate—ALint Family.

antly in South America and Mexico. ‘The brilliancy of
)* their blossoms has caused their introduction into our more
yy northern latitudes, where they occasionally pass under the

name of Scarlet Sage. They are perennials, and are usually
grown in the greenhouse, though they do exceedingly well in. the
a garden or the lawn. The flowers are of a vivid, bewildering scarlet
tint, and abundant in their prodigality. There are varieties with pink
and blue flowers, which, though desirable, are less conspicuous. They
can be raised as annuals from seed, or from cuttings, which root easily
and with less delay than many other plants.

Binergy.

HEN we wring from our souls their applicative strength,
And bend to the cord the strong bow of our ken;
And bringing our lives to the level of others,

Hold the cup we have filled, to their uses at length.
—Mrs. Browning.

HE keen spirit ROM this moment,

Seizes the prompt occasion — makes the thought The very firstlings of my heart shall be
Start into instant action, and at once The firstlings of my hand. And even now,
Plans and performs, resolves and executes! To crown my tho’ts with acts, be it tho’t and done.

—Hannah More. —Shakespeare.

er then — work with boldness and with speed,
On greatest actions greatest dangers feed.

—Marloe.
H°” slow the time EVER change thy mind, [still,
To the warm soul, that, in the very instant If aught obstructs thy course, yet stand not
It forms, would execute a great design. But wind about till thou hast top’d the hill.
—Thompson. —Denham,

UN, if you like, but try to keep your breath;

Work like a man, but don’t be worked to death.
—O. W. Holmes. ii

270
FE 7 oth

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Sarsaparilla,

Smilax sarsaparilla. Natura Orver: Smilacee—Smilax Family.

aA.
eyfOR cleansing impurities from the human system the root of
the Sarsaparilla has long been held in high estimation, and,

"2 though it has been supplanted to some extent by other

remedies, it is still imported in large quantities from South
Keo America, where the natives gather it in the woods on the
Noo banks of the Tigre, Ucayale and other rivers, and pack it
- in large bales ready for shipment. Another species of the

gas W Noe ees
\ eeray/ (E
255 2s oe]

same plant belonging to the order Araliaceee, grows abundantly

8

throughout the Northern States. It flourishes best in rich, rocky

ESS
Py, er

ata
\

soil. The root differs materially from that of the first mentioned,
which is long and slender, the North American variety being thick

SY JESS
S<<

and fleshy. The latter is sometimes substituted for the former by
druggists in their preparations, and is supposed to have similar properties.

kar perience,

HIS sad experience cites me to reveal,
And what I dictate is from what I feel.

—Priar,
FATE! all left behind, No need, then, with thy stings my flesh to goad,
I follow thee adown the bitter road, Keep them for those that strive with thee in vain,
With weary feet, and heavy eyes and blind, And leave me to my constant, weary pain.
That leadeth to thy far unknown abode; —William Morris.

ORLD’S use is cold— world’s love is vain —
World’s cruelty is bitter bane;

But pain is not the fruit of pain. _agys. Browning.
TEACH him, while your lessons last, How rich it glow’d with promised good;
To judge the present by the past; Remind him of each wish enjoy’d,
Remind him of each wish pursued, How soon his hopes possession cloy'd.

— Scott.
XPERIENCE, join’d to common sense,

\ To mortals is a providence. _Gyeen, Mi
(a

Pes Me oh 4

Sassatras,

Sassafras officinale. Narurar Orver: Lauracee — Laurel Family.

ee NDER the order of laurels we find this tree classified, with
many others, most of which possess aromatic properties, either
in their bark, roots or leaves. Many of them are in common
use, as the cinnamon, obtained from the bark of the Cinnamo-
, mum Zeylanicum, a native of Ceylon; and the camphor, an
‘A aromatic gum procured from several trees in India, China
>and Japan. The Sassafras is found abundantly throughout the United
States and Canada. The bark of the root, along with the essential
oil prepared from it, is the chief article of commerce, and possesses
gentle stimulating; aromatic and alterative properties. The tree grows
to the height of fifteen or twenty feet, and presents a rather pleasing
appearance. The pith of the young wood is sometimes used in inflam-
mation of the eyes. The flowers are a greenish yellow, appearing from

April to June.

Hauoy.
OR where my worthiness is poor,

My will stands richly at the door,

To pay shortcomings evermore.
—Mrs. Browning.

ITT IS ever thus when favors are denied: O trifle is so small as what obtains,

All had been granted but the thing we beg, Save that which loses favor; ‘tis a breath
And still some great unlikely substitute, Which hangs upon a smile! a look, a word,
Your life, your souls, your all of earthly good, A frown, the air-built tower of fortune shakes,
Is proffer’d in the room of one small boon. And down the unsubstantial fabric falls.

—Foanna Baillie. —Hannah More.

E give of what we take
From ‘life of outward things; our spirits leave,
Where they have been, a glory in their wake

More bright than they receive. —Dora Greenwell.
IVE thy heart’s best treasures — And the more thou spendest
From fair Nature learn; From thy little store,
Give thy love—and ask not, With a double bounty,
f Wait not a return! God will give you more.
—Adelaide A, Proctor.
ue *
SS, a
eye ary) Chee

Sensitive Plant,

Hlimosa pudica. Natura Orprer: Leguminosae — Pulse Family.

SENSITIVE soul shrinks when wounded or stung by the
rudeness or sarcasm of a thoughtless tongue, and in this plant

a curious analogy to this feeling is found. The Mimosa has
the peculiar property of retraction, when touched by the hand
Kop or other substance. There are four plants which have the
5 is same peculiar power, the names of which are: Dwarf
‘~ Cassia, called also Sensitive Pea, an elegant plant with yellow flowers;
the Wild Sensitive plant, whose leaves close by night and when
touched; the Sensitive Brier, and the above, which is about a foot
high, with a shrubby stem. The flowers of the Mimosa pudica are
small, and bloom in heads, and are of little beauty. It is a native of
Brazil, and is often cultivated as a curiosity, as its leaves droop if
touched, or if the stalk of the shrub is shaken all the stems sink
down as if they felt a thrill of horror pass over them, and only recover after sev-
eral hours. sie Sepa

Bashtul Modesty.

yteet she laughed, and she blushed withal,
That blushing to her laughter gave more grace,
And laughter to her blushing. — Spenser.

HE sensitive plant was the earliest HE sweet eyes that his eyes were set upon

Upgather'’d into the bosom of rest; Were hid by shamefast lids as he did speak,
A sweet child weary of its delight, And redder color burned on her fresh cheek,
The feeblest and yet the favorite, And her lips smiled, as, with a half-sad sigh,

Cradled within the embrace of night. He ’gan to tell his lovesome history.
-- Shelly. --William Morris.

I° maids be shy, he cures who can;
But if a man be shy —a man— 2

Why, then the worse for him! —Jean Ingelow.

O bright the tear in beauty’s eye, CRIMSON blush her beauteous face o’erspread,
Love half regrets to kiss it dry; Varying her cheeks, by turn, with white and red;
So sweet the blush of bashfulness, The driving colors, never at a stay,

E’en pity scarce can wish it less. Run here and there, and flush and fade away.
f \ —Byron. —Parnell,

esse a Ty

Shamvack.

Grifaliann repens. NaTuRAL ORDER: Leguminosae — Pulse Family.

2 TO AS TN

we

rae HITE CLOVER, as this plant is usually called, inhabits
” all soils, from the luxuriant meadow to the sterile moun-
tains, hills or rocky places. It is highly useful for pastur-
» age, and forms the chief food for cattle in some countries.
AS yl The flowers are white and odoriferous. Bees are attracted
4% from a considerable distance ‘by it, as it freights the -air very
heavily where it grows in quantities. The Shamrock is an Irish plant,
and St. Patrick having chosen it to illustrate to his simple hearers his
idea of the Trinity, it became thenceforth the national emblem of Ireland.
Brande and Bentham say the Shamrock is the Oxalis acetosella or com-
mon wood sorrel, and with some reason, as the White Clover is believed
to be of only recent introduction into Ireland, but the above is more gen-
erally received. Pliny says no serpent will touch it, which is probably
a classic superstition.

Hight Hearteduess,

ACH delighted and delighting, gives

The pleasing ecstacy which each receives.
~ Prior,

HOM call we gay? that honor has been long That dries his feathers saturate with dew

The boast of mere pretenders to the name. Beneath the rosy cloud, while yet the bean
The innocent are gay —the lark is gay, Of day-spring overshoot his humble nest.
— Cowper.
S poised on vibrant wings, So, lost in vivid light,
Where its sweet treasure swings, So, rapt from day and night,
The honey-lover clings I linger in delight,
To the red flowers,— Enraptured o’er the vision-freighted hours.
—Rose Terry,
O THOU sweet lark, that in the heaven so high, That lags so far below that- lofty flight,
Twinkling thy wings, dost sing so joyfully, ° Still silently receive thy melody.
I watch thy soaring with no mean delight; O thou sweet lark, that I had wings like thee!
\ And when at last I turn mine aching eye — Southey. i
Fi

a 274 -|
pe aie

Sunapdragoan.

Antivrhinum majus. Natrurar Orver: Scrophulariacee—Figwort Family.

eR

F the many varieties of this plant, all are highly esteemed as
‘ornaments in the flower-garden. The flowers are very brilliant,
usually combining two or three colors in one blossom, and are
most singular in shape. Each is tubular as it comes out of the
calyx, and continues so for nearly an inch, when it terminates
in two lips, a two-cleft one turning upward, and a three-cleft
one turning downward, while between the two, and closing the orifice,
is a puffed protuberance. The Greek words ant? rin, whence the

>

name, signify “opposite the nose,” as it is supposed to resemble the
snout of an animal. When the flower is pressed between the fingers
it opens like a mouth, and when the pressure is slackened it snaps
or closes quickly like a spring. The plants are perennials, growing

about a foot or two in height, and bloom the first season if sown

early.

Presumption,

E LORGE'S love o’erheard the king, a beauteous, lively dame,
With smiling lips and sharp, bright eyes, which always seemed ‘the same;
She thought, The count, my lover, is brave as brave can be;
He surely would do wondrous things to show his love of me;
“King, ladies, lovers, all look on; the occasion is divine;
]’ll drop my glove, to prove his love; great glory will be mine.”
She dropped her glove, to prove his love, then looked at him and smiled;
He bowed, and in a moment leaped among the lions wild:
The leap was quick, return was quick, he has regained his place,
Then threw the glove, but not with love, right in the lady’s face.
“By heaven!” said Francis, “rightly done!” and he rose from where he sat;
“No love,” quoth he, “but vanity, sets love a task like that.” —Zeioh Hunt.

HEN years began
To reap the fruit of knowledge; ah! how then
- Would she with graver looks, with sweet, stern brow,
Check my presumption and my forwardness!
Yet still would give me flow’rs; still would she show

What she would have me, yet not have me know.

275

—Daniel.

Snowball,

Diburnum roseum. Narurar Orver: Caprifoliacee — Honeysuckle Famtly.

( HIS shrub is a native of Europe, and attracts general atten-
{tion in early spring, when it crowns itself with bloom. The
flowers make their appearance -at first in small, greenish
masses, and are utterly devoid of beauty; but a few days of

warm sunlight bleaches them to a creamy white, by which
time. the balls have expanded to their utmost, bringing full
assurance that the loitering days of summer are at hand. The
Viburnum assumes a rather straggling shape if left entirely to itself,
, but with a little attention and pruning can be trained into a well-
shaped bush for a single specimen, or, where the luxury of space
-, Will allow, it may be planted in groups to adorn the lawn, where it
harmonizes well with the delicate and simple tints of the lilac and
other spring flowers. “In England it is called the Guelder Rose. The
significance of its botanical name is uncertain, but it is the old Latin
appellative.

Shoughts of Heaven.

HE torch you turn to earth still upward lifts its flame;

And so the soul looks up, though turned to earth in shame.
--Wm, W. Story.

ER thoughts were holy, saint-like, So that queenly “Snowball” blooming,
Ever pointing to her God; : Was of her an emblem given;
And sweetest orisons were uttered For its flower language whispers —
By the lips beneath the sod. “My thoughts are all of heaven.”

—Lucy M, Sanford,

I EAVEN darkly works; yet where the seed hath been,
There shall the fruitage, glowing, yet be seen.

—Hemans.
Y thoughts are not in this hour ACH individual seeks a separate goal;
Unworthy what I see, though my dust is; But heav’n’s great view is one, and that the whole;
Spirit! let me expire, or see them nearer! That counterworks each folly and caprice;
—Byron. That disappoints th’ effects of ev’ry vice. —Pope.
246 éf

ie , as

Snowdrop,

Galanthus nivalis. NaruraL Orper: Amaryllidacee—Amaryllis Family

” URICH, with the adjoining cantons of Switzerland and some
other localities in Europe, may be considered the original
habitats of this little plant, the botanical name of which sig-
nifies Snowy Milk-flower. It flourishes in the meadows and
along the water courses that abound in the neighborhood of
»> the Alps, where the pure and everlasting snow rests like a
doud between the blue sky*above and the green and fertile valley
beneath. It is very hardy, as it would indeed have to be to exist
Ye amid such surroundings. Having been many years cultivated, it has

found its way from the parterres abroad into the gardens of America,
where it may be seen peeping from its snowy coverlet long before
other flowers burst from their wintry prisons, or nature awakes from
her dreaming. The roots are bulbous, and in planting they show to
better advantage where several (from six to eight) are set in a group, when, in
a few years, the increase will warrant a division. The flower is of a fair size,
and pendulous, with only a single blossom on a stem.

Bunsetation,

Om sweetly beautiful it is to mark
The virgin, vernal snowdrop! lifting up—
Meek as a nun-—the whiteness of its cup,
From earth’s dead bosom, desolate and dark.

WEET flower, thou tell’st how hearts ER precious pearl, in sorrow’s cup,
As pure and tender as thy leaf—as low Unmelted at the bottom lay,
And humble as thy stem —will surely know To shine again, when, all drunk up,
The joy that peace imparts. —Percival. The bitterness should pass away.
—Moore.

HE little shape, by magic pow’r,
Grew less and less, contracted to a flow’r;
A flow’r, that first in this sweet garden smiled,

\ To virgins sacred, and the snowdrop styled.
i {ps —Tickell,

Px» 247

ope

Sunowdray Tree,

Hhalesia diptera. NaTuRAL OrpveER: Styracacee— Storax Family.

ALESIA is a name given in honor of the Rev. Dr. Stephen
‘, Hales, an English philosopher and naturalist (1677-1761), to a

Alp , that border on the banks of some stream or river. They are
Ze found more especially in the Southern States lying adjacent

: to the Atlantic. The usual height of these trees is from fifteen
to twenty feet, though they dre occasionally found considerably taller.
In the South they bloom from March to May. The flowers, which
are white and bell-shaped, make their appearance before the large and
ample foliage. It is from a tropical tree of this order that the Storax
and Benzoin or Gum Benjamin is obtained. This resinous sap is made
to flow by perforating the bark of the stems and branches. It is very
fragrant, and is much used in the manufacture of various perfumes. In
medicine it is regarded as a stimulant and expectorant.

ke hitaration,

HAT then remains but well our power to use,
And keep good humor still, whate’er we lose?
And trust me, dear, good humor can prevail,
When airs, and flights, and screams, and scolding fail;
Beauties in vain their pretty eyes may roll;
Charms strike the sight, but merit wins the soul.

—Pope.
EE how the day beameth brightly before us! Lift up thy eyes, that are looking in sadness;
Blue is the firmament, green is the earth; Gaze! and, if beauty can rapture thy soul,
Grief hath no voice in the universe chorus; Virtue herself shall allure thee to gladness —
Nature is ringing with music and mirth. Gladness! philosophy’s guardian and goal.

—From the German,

lies laugh today, today is brief,
I would not wait for anything;
I'd use today that cannot last,

Be glad today and sing.
—Christina G. Rossetti.

maw 2478 ws

Sontheruwood,

Artemisia abrotanmn. Natura Orver: Composite—Aster Family.

. Ss ATHER dense of growth, and of a height of from three to five
4, feet, the Southernwood is a well-known shrubby plant quite
frequently found in old fashioned gardens. The leaves are
much divided, and the flowers are yellow, while a pleasant,
bitter, aromatic odor pervades the whole plant. It is fre-
" quently called Old Man, and sometimes Boys’ Love. The
botanical name of the genus is derived from Artemis, the Greek appel-
_ lation of the chaste huntress and goddess, Diana; and the specific title
abrotanum, which denotes the Southernwood proper as distinguished
from other varieties of the Artemisia, is of uncertain derivation. This
plant is possessed of tonic, narcotic and other medicinal properties, and
is frequently used in domestic medicine, particularly in places remote.
from a pharmaceutist or physician.

Seating.

ERHAPS the jest that charm'd the sprightly crowd,
And made the jovial table laugh so loud,
To some false notion owed its poor pretense. —Prioy,

i eae wit is nature to advantage dress’d, As shades more sweetly recommend the light,
What oft was thought, but ne’er so well express’d; So modest plainness sets off sprightly wit; [good,
Something, whose truth convinced at sight, we find; For works may have more wit than does them
That gives us back the image of our mind- As bodies perish through excess of blood.
—Pope.
AM in smooth oil the razor best is whet,
So wit is by politeness sharpest set;
Their want of edge from their offense is seen;
Both pain us least when exquisitely keen.

—Young.
H® cannot try to speak with gravity, He cannot e’en essay to walk sedate;
But one perceives he wags an idle tongue; But in his very gait one sees a jest,
He cannot try to look demure, but, spite That ’s ready to break out in spite of all
\ Of all he does, he shows a laughter’s cheek; His seeming. —Knowles. é
3» nh

aa) 279 ean

2.
2 re.

seeing tat ites

ra

Speedwell,

Deronica arvensis. Natura Orver: Scrophulariacee—Figwort Family.

7/6 eC in dry fields throughout the Northern and Middle States. It
hy %.° is a small plant, from two to six inches high, with pale green
if foliage, and flowers that are blue in color. There are some
> native species of this plant that flourish only in the black and

>R" heavy soil of wet ditches. A variety called Spiked Speedwell, a native
~ of Eurepe and Asia, with beautiful blue or pink flowers, is now culti-

Zia

NsfiMe vated for the adornment of our gardens. It is supposed by some
si authorities that this plant was named in honor of St. Veronica. The
common Speedwell is used by the poorer classes in Sweden as a

Zee

substitute for tea, the true Chinese herb being probably saved for
22 special occasions. Medicinally, it is reputed to possess properties that
*“ are sudorific, diuretic, tonic and expectorant.

Hemale Fidelity,

On the tender ties,
Close twisted with the fibers of the heart!
Which broken, break them, and drain off the soul

Of human joy, and make it pain to live.
—Young.

ND at last he wakened from his swoon, And said to his own heart, “She weeps for me:”

And found his dear bride propping his head, And yet lay still, and feigned himself as dead,

And chafing his pale hands, and calling to him; That he might prove her to the uttermost,
And felt the warm tears falling on his face; And say to his own heart, “She weeps for me.”

~ Tennyson.
HE is as constant as the stars

That never vary, and more chaste than they.

~-Proctor.
HOULD I change my allegiance for rancor, Lift, O lift, thou lowering sky,
If fortune changes her side? An thou wilt thy gloom forego!
Or should I, like a vessel at anchor, An thou wilt not, he and I :

\ Turn with the turn of the tide? Need not part for drifts of snow. :
(a —Fean Ingel a
a> ng elo, ce
— 280 aan

Pe

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ern

i
Spiderwort,

Cradescantia Dirginica. NaTuRAL OrpDER: Commelynacee—-Spiderwort Family.

a

< ~ AMED after John Tradescant, a favorite gardener of Charles I.
S of England, and after his son of the same name, both distin-
or ‘ w/* guished botanists and travelers, this plant is familiarly known

Hk ( ¢ y as the Spiderwort. It is a common plant, with coarse, grass-
ae! \-% like leaves, and pretty purple or rose-colored flowers of a

x 5 delicate texture. It is almost impossible to prepare a perfect
specimen for the herbarium, as the least pressure discolors and withers
its petals beyond recognition. The stem when broken discovers a
viscous juice, that spins out like a spider’s silken thread as the parts
> are separated, thus giving it its common appellation. The Cleome
pungens has also been sometimes called Spiderwort, or Spiderflower,
but belongs to the Caper Family, and is a tall, showy, biennial plant.
The flowers, which bloom in racemés, are separately rather curious in

) > structure. The petals are mounted on threadlike claws, and extending

yc above them, about twice their length, are the six stamens, like so many
legs of a spider. Cleome, from the Greek, means something closed; and pungens,
from the Latin, signifies piercing.

Gransient Happiness.

UT I forgot the parting words she said,

So much they thrilled the all-attentive soul;
For one short moment human heart and head

May bear such bliss—its present is the whole;
I had that present, till in whispers fell
With parting gesture her subdued farewell.

—Fean Ingelow.
| F eceeiaae thrice blessed days! but ah! how short! What strange vicissitudes, in the first leaf
Bless’d as the pleasing charms of holy men, Of man’s sad history! today most happy;
But fugitive, like those, and quickly gone. And, ere tomorrow’s sun has set, most abject!
O slippery state of things! What sudden turns, How scant the space between these vast extremes!
—Blair,
HE spider’s most attenuated thread
Is cord —is cable—to man’s tender tie h
On earthly bliss; it breaks at every breeze. —Young. é

pms ; 281 =,

}

vk a

Spikenara,

Aralia racemosa. Naturar Orver: Araliacee—Ginseng Family.

; } OUND chiefly in the woods of the Northern States and Canada,
be this plant has a pleasant, aromatic root, which is sometimes
used medicinally, and as an ingredient in some manufactured
beverages. It is not to be understood, however, that this is
2 the true Spikenard (sometimes called Nard) so highly spoken
ws, of in Scripture, which is supposed to belong to India, as
only an inferior kind is found in Palestine. It has an aro-
matic smell, and is a favorite article of perfume in Thibet and Nepaul.

It is said to grow in large tufts, rising upward like grass, and forms

ee
8 an article of considerable traffic in Egypt and Turkey. It is from

this plant that the highly-precious, odoriferous ointment is made, and
a box containing a pound, in the time of our Saviour, was valued
at more than three hundred pence, or denarii, a Roman coin, which,
at fifteen cents each, amounted to about forty-five dollars.

Benefits.

E that neglects a blessing, though he want
A present knowledge how to use it,

Neglects himself. —Beaumont and Fletcher.
ND ’tis not sure so full a benefit, O brag of benefits one hath bestown,
Freely to give as freely to require; Doth make the best seem less, and most seem
A bounteous act hath glory following it, So oftentimes the greatest courtesy [none;

They cause the glory that the act desire. Is by the doer made an injury.
—Lady Carew, —Brome.
O meditate, to plan, resolve, perform,
Which in itself is good—as surely brings
Reward of good, no matter what be done.

—Pollock.
IND despatch’d upon the busy toil, [soil; She should imbue the tongue with what she sips,
Should range where Providence has bless’d the And shed the balmy blessing on the lips,
Visiting every flow’r with labor meet, That good diffus’d may more abundant grow,
And gathering all her treasures sweet by sweet, And speech may praise the pow’r that bids it flow.
—Cowper.

ans

ee 282 LN

x)

,
Syruce,

Abies nigra, NaTuRAL OrvDER: Conifere—Pine Family.

PRUCE is the name applied by Linnzus to all of the species
comprehended under the genus Abies, but later botanists make
a somewhat different classification. Spruces, firs, pines, balsams
and hemlocks are all closely allied. This variety of Spruce
%, is an inhabitant of the northern part of the United States,
* where it attains the altitude of seventy and sometimes eighty
hicks rearing upward a towering, pyramidal head. Some of the
mountain forests in the colder latitudes are almost wholly composed
of it. The trunk is straight; the wood is light, yet strong and
.elastic, and is employed many ways in architecture, but is not as val-
% uable as the White Spruce. The essence is produced by boiling the
tops of the Abies nigra in water, then concentrating by evaporation.

Farewell,

AREWELL, then, thou loved one—O, loved but too well,
Too deeply, too blindly for language to tell!
—Charles Fenno Hoffman,
AREWELL, my home, my home no longer now, Fat now farewell, farewell! I dare not lengthen

Witness of many a calm and happy day; These sweet moments out; to gaze on thee

And thou, fair eminence, upon whose brow Is bliss indeed, yet it but serves to strengthen
Dwells the last sunshine of the evening ray, The love that now amounts to agony;
Farewell! Mine eyes no longer shall pursue This is our last farewell. . —Mrs. Welby.
The westering sun beyond the utmost height,
When slowly he forsakes the fields of light. Farewell, thou canst not teach me to forget.
— Southey. — Shakespeare,

AREWELL! I will omit no opportunity

That may convey my greetings, love, to thee.
— Shakespeare.

ITH that wringing my hand he turns away; i lines came the parting hour, and what arise

And tho’ his tears would hardly let him look, When lovers part — expressive looks, and eyes e
Yet such a look did through his tears make way Tender and tearful—many a fond adieu,
As show’d how sad a farewell there he took. And many a call the sorrow to renew.
—Daniel. — Crabbe,

:
it

LN
oe

Stapelia.

Stapelta bufoitia. Naturat Orper: Asclepiadacee —Milkweed Family.

‘OWN BOD.ZUS STAPEL, a renowned physician of Amsterdam,

has the posthumous honor of being remembered in this plant.
The Stapelia has the appearance of a species of cactus, although
it belongs to another family of plants. It is fleshy and branching,
’ without foliage, and the flowers are among the most curious.
Before bursting, the bud is somewhat similar in appearance to a
large button with five sides, and is attached to a short stem. It
is of a bronzed or reddish green hue, but when fully open the
calyx spreads out its five points in the shape of a star about two
“inches broad, and forms part of the flower, having the appearance
of being lined with a dappled maroon and velvety surface full of
fine wrinkles. Jn the center stands the corolla, like a ring, short
and fleshy, and of the same color. It has a rather unpleasant
odor, which is not perceptible unless inhaled intentionally. The several varieties
are natives of South Africa; and bufonia, from the Latin éu/fo, a toad, distin-
guishes this variety, because of its resemblance to that reptile.

Offense.

LL’S not offense that indiscretion finds,

And dotage terms so. — Shakespeare.
F my offense be of such mortal kind, But to know so must be my benefit;
That neither service past, nor present sorrows, So shall I clothe me in a forced content,
Nor purpos’d merit in futurity, And shut myself up in some other course
Can ransom me into his love again, To fortune’s alms. — Shakespeare.

WISH I could say, “ Dear friend,
Tell me, what have I done?

Forgive me, let it be now at an end.”
—Wm, W. Story.

HAT is my offense? E not too ready to condemn
Where is the evidence that doth accuse me? The wrongs thy brothers may have done;
What lawful quest have given their verdict up Ere ye too harshly censure them
Unto the frowning judge? For human faults, ask, “Have I none?” ii
— Shakespeare. —Eliza Cook.

— 24 Shy

Pawan ee ol

Star Flower,

Sabbatia brachiata. Natura. Orpver: Gentianacee —Gentian family.

F the Sabbatias (so called in honor of the Italian botanist Sab-
bati) there are several varieties, and although but few have

Wy
We

found their way into cultivation, yet they deserve to be classi-
fied among our most beautiful native plants. The Star Flower,
one of the species, is found quite abundantly on dry prairies
in several of our Western and Southern States. The stem is
about a foot high, with lance-linear leaves. The blossoms are varied
in different individual plants. Sabbatia brachiata has flowers of a
delicate rose-purple, with a yellow star, which is bordered with green:
and Sabbatia stellaria is rose-color, the star of which is bordered with
red. It is to this family that the plants belong from which the medical
remedy known as gentian is obtained, the properties being both tonic

(>
=

and febrifugal.

Ketiprocity,

oe us love now in this our fairest youth,
When love can find a full and fond return.

—Percival.
Awe many hours we talked in joy, B* thine the more refined delights,
Yet too much blessed for laughter; Of love, that banishes control,
I was a happy man that day, When the fond heart with heart unites,
And -happy ever after. —Mrs, Howitt. And soul in unison with soul.
—Cartwright.

ND canst thou not accord thy heart
In unison with mine —

Whose language thou alone hast heard,

Thou only canst divine? —Rufus Dawes.
yo is that this of all men on earth And yet it is so; he is bound to me,
Doth love me well enough to count me great — For human love makes aliens near of kin;
To think my soul and his of equal girth? By it I rise, there is equality ;
O liberal estimate! I rise to thee, my twin. —Fean Ingelow,

(HERE heart meets heart reciprocally soft,

‘ Each other’s pillow to repose divine.
—Young.
285

Stay of Betllehem.

Ornithogalum wnbellatum. Narurar Orver: Liliacee—Lily Family.

ENTIONED by Pliny, author of a Natural History, who
& flourished a. p. 77, the Ornithogalum has given rise to
Ye much comment as to the origin of its name. It is
derived from two Greek words, ornithos, a bird, and gala,

milk —a most singular combination, surely; and we cannot
® help suggesting the following theory: The Greeks had a
pretty and poetic conceit, that in spring a certain wind blew, and
with it brought the birds of passage to gladden their bowers with
a song, and this wind they named ornithias, or bird-wind. Now the
Star of Bethlehem blooms in April and May, about the time of the
birds’ return, thus poetically is seen a flower greeting the birds; a
Je flower, too, which is of an opaque white, or milk color. The
. % English name is from the shape of the blossom. The bulbs fre-
# quently attain a great size.

Reconcihation.

OR did he doubt her more,
But rested in her fealty, till he crowned

A happy life with a fair death. — Tennyson.
HOM but Maud should I meet — ELL do vanish’d frowns enhance
And she touched my hand with a smile so sweet The charms of every brighten’d glance,
She made me divine amends And dearer seems each dawning smile
For a courtesy not return’d. --Tennyson. For having lost its light awhile. —Moore.
WOULD have my love
Angry sometimes, to sweeten off the rest
Of her behavior. —Ben Fonson.
ND didst thou weep, She called me by my name:
And J did not console? Our spirits rushed together, glad
Look up, and be no longer sad!” And swift as flame to flame. :
—Dora Greenwell. '
ji

286 ,

)

Strawherry,

Sragaria vesta, Narurar Orper: Rosacee— Rose Family.

ET >

1G VER welcome to our tables, the Strawberry is one of the earliest,
¢3, Most abundant and best known of our fruits, and requires but
little description or commentary. We have many varieties
of this plant growing wild in meadows and on the hillsides
throughout the United States and British America. The
Alpine or English Strawberry is found chiefly in cultivation.
) The fruit is conical, scarlet, and fragrant, and gleams brightly amidst
its triple leaves. We are indebted to this order of plants for a great
variety of our fruits, namely, the peach, pear, apricot, apple and cherry,
as well as the blackberry and various raspberries. The Strawberry is
peculiar, in having its seeds on the outside of the fruit, instead of
being surrounded by the pulp.

Perfect Goodness.

HY purpose firm is equal to the deed:
Who does the best his circumstance allow
Does well, acts nobly; angels could do no more.

—Young.
OWE'ER it be, it seems to me HE words which thou hast utter’d
'Tis only noble to be good; Are of thy soul a part;
Kind hearts are more than coronets, And the good seed thou hast scatter’d
And simple faith than Norman blood. Is springing in my heart.
—Tennyson. —Whittier.

E was too good to be
Where ill men were; and was best of all

Amongst the rarest of good ones. —Shakespeare.
a Niece preach’d the humble Strawberry. Behold So plain be thou and meek,
The lowliest and least adorn’d of flowers And when vain man shall seek,
Lies at thy feet; yet lift my leafy fold, Unveil the blooming fruit of solitary hours.
And fruit is there unfound in gaudier bowers. —Evans,
My heart
Contains of good, wise, just, the perfect shape.
—Milton.
287 La

Sumach,

Rhus aromatia. Narurar Orver: Axacardiacee—Sumach Family.

*~NOWN familiarly as Sumach, the Rhus aromatica is a pretty
shrub from two to six feet high, growing on open lands in-
Canada and the United States, sometimes covering acres of
ground if left unmolested. The flowers are yellowish, and are
i) Bia rather unattractive in comparison with the berries when
LD ripened, which look like so many crimson plumes waving in
the air. They possess an acid taste, and are not poisonous. The
Venetian Sumach is said by Nuttall to grow plentifully in Arkansas.
~The Italians use it in preparing leather. Among other species of the
~ Sumach are the Rhus glabra, the bark of which may be used in tan-
ning, and the berries to create a dye; the Rhus typhina, the wood of
=Y which is aromatic, and produces a yellow dye; and the Poison Sumach,
the appearance of which is similar to the above, except that it is perhaps
larger and inhabits swampy places. It is intensely poisonous, even to the touch,
and sometimes imparts its pernicious influence to the surrounding atmosphere.

Px

|S Seweze:

2
Sw

5

Splendoy.

LORAL apostles! that in dewy splendor
Weep without sin and blush without a crime,

O, may I deeply learn and ne’er surrender

Your love sublime! —Horace Smith.
HE bright sun compacts the precious stone, RIGHT and glorious is that revelation
Imparting radiant luster like his own; Writ all over this great world of ours
He tinctures rubies with their rosy hue, Making evident our own creation,
And on the sapphire spreads a heavenly blue. In these stars of earth, these golden flowers.
—Sir R. Blackmore. —Longfellow,

ND wide a splendor streamed through all the sky;
O’er sea and land one soft, delicious blush,
That touched the gray rocks lightly, tenderly;

it A transitory flush. —Celia Thaxter. ’

By, 288 xs i ‘

aw = 289 ik

Summer Savory,

Satureja hortensis. Narurar Orver: Ladiate —MVint Family.

BRON A LEN Z Zo ZOOL S any ]
Sc FTALY is the native seat of the Satureja. It belongs to a

family of highly aromatic, pungent herbs, most members of
gz which are very useful to mankind for their tonic and febri-
fugal properties. Several of them—as the thyme, sage, the

A. marjoram and the Summer Savory—are cultivated as herbs,

i

NO GXIGNI CHOCHI CZ |
iF

i ye POS and are used for seasoning soups, or for dressing of fowls
ie and other meats. There is a species sometimes found native in the
e) Western States, but it is considered a rare plant, and is perhaps the

is Satureja run wild. The name savors of the Satyrs, a class of beings
y ee in Greek mythology that apparently represented the luxuriant vital

powers of nature.

Sureess.

PPLAUSE waits on success; the fickle multitude,
Like the light straw that floats along the stream,
Glide with the current still, and follow fortune.

—Franklin.
WELLS within the soul of every artist T is success that colors all in life; [honest.
More than all his efforts can express, Success makes fools admired, makes villains
And he knows the best remains unuttered, All the proud virtue of this vaunting world
Sighing at what we call success. Fawns on success and power, howe’er acquired.
—Adelaide A. Proctor. —Thompson.

9“PIS not in mortals to command success,

But we'll do more, Sempronius, we ’ll deserve it.

Addison.
UCCESS, the mark no mortal wit, IRTUE without success
Or surest hand, can always hit; Is a fair picture shown by an ill light;
For, whatsoe’er we perpetrate, But lucky men are favorites of heaven:
We do but row, we’re steer’d by fate. All own the chief when fortune owns the cause.

—Butler. —Dryden.

MILE and we smile, the lords of many lands;
Frown and we smile, the lords of our own hands;

For man is man and master of his fate. —Tennyson.

ma
eh

we?

= oI —o-5

—~. x BS .
Suntlower,
Helianthus anus, Narorar Orper: Composite— Aster Family.

OA II

SCTITERALLY, Helianthus, from two Greek words, 4elzos, the
p- sun, and anthos, a flower, denotes Sunflower. The common
© variety is a native of South America, and is probably the
: largest of the species, for it towers sometimes to the height
of fifteen feet, with a stalk as large as a man’s wrist.
ole er te growth depends on the character of the soil, as a
poor soil dwarfs and diminishes its stature. The flowers are yellow,
and are frequently the size of a large dinner plate. The seeds are
very rich and oily, and are sometimes used like almonds for preparing
soothing emulsions. In Europe a sort of bouillon is made of them for
infants, and in Portugal they are ground into meal for bread, and are
sometimes used in the same way by our own American Indians. They
are also said to be used as a substitute for coffee. The oil is nearly

” equal to olive oil, and the stems are useful as food for cattle and also
for fuel. It has been asserted that if the seeds are planted around a dwelling
‘the plants act as a preventive of fevers, by absorbing the malaria,

hiotty Ghoughls.

RIDE of the garden, the beauteous, the regal,

The crown’d with a diadem burning in gold;
Sultan of flowers, as the strong pinioned eagle

And lord of the forest their wide empire hold.

HERE is a region loftier tar There is a world with blessings blest,
Than sages know or poets sing — Beyond what prophet’s e’er foretold;

Brighter than summer’s beauties are, Nor might the tongue of angel guest
And softer than the tints of spring. A picture of that world unfold.

OOK past yon hills, whose crest bright sunned is
With the last fond glance that the dead day gives;
Up! let the voice of thy De Profundis

Thrill to those courts where no sorrow lives!
—Barton Grey.
290

Hs eS Y called, may be found, the grouping of its swordlike leaves
Ff) oe ¥ “a adding variety to the surrounding landscape. The root is
ae es thick and branching, creeping along through the watery

Sweet Flag.

Acorus calamus. Narurar Orver: Aracee— Arum family.

ee ee

By

FO soil like so many reaching fingers. It is highly aromatic
to the ‘taste, and is often used medicinally as a mild stimulant and
tonic, being highly spoken of by some physicians as a valuable
ingredient in ague remedies. The name Acorus is thought to be
5 derived from the Greek fore, pupil of the eye, because of supposed

Ae

value as an eye-salve; and the Latin word calamus means a reed.
Weaeses Among the Turks, who are said to consume immense quantities of
g

* all kinds of sweetmeats, it is very popular as a confection, it being
prepared by a coating of sugar.

Fitness.

N hanging cobwebs shone the dew,
And thick the wayside clovers grew;
The feeding bee had much to do,
So fast did honey drops exude:
She sucked and murmured, and was gone,
And lit on other blooms anon,
The while I learned a lesson on

The source and sense of quietude.
—Fean Inyelow.

CLOUD lay cradled near the setting sun, Wafted the traveler to the beauteous west.
A gleam of crimson tinged its braided snow; Emblem, methought, of the departed soul!

Long had I watched the glory moving on To whose white robe the gleam of bliss is given,
O’er the still radiance of the lake below. And by the breath of mercy made to roll

Tranquil its spirit seemed, and floated slow! Right onward to the golden gates of heaven,
Even in its very motion there was rest; Where to the eye of faith it peaceful lies,

While every breath of eve that chanced to blow And tells to man his glorious destinies.

\ ai —Fohn Wilson. ff

Potato,

r
aati

Sweet

Batatas edulis. Narurar Orver: Convolvulacee —Convoloulus Family.

‘

SESE

West Indies, and only within a recent period has the culti-
sys vation of the tubers been attempted save in tropical countries
or the more remote, warm parts of our Southern States.
Latterly, however, they have been introduced into the Mid-
dle States, where they have been successfully grown by first
starting the plants in hotbeds, and then transplanting them to
the soil in which they are to grow. The potatoes are protected in dry
sand during winter. The tubers are pointed, sweet and nourishing.
The stem is prostrate and creeping, producing purple or white flowers,
campanulate in shape, and sometimes quite showy. For mere pleasure
it can be grown in the house by placing a tuber in ‘a vessel partly filled
with water, when it will reward the cultivator with several quite pretty
and lengthy vines. If the first should decay before sprouting, it could easily be
replaced until success crowned perseverance.

Hidden Qualities,

HOUGH gay as mirth, as curious thoughts sedate;
As elegance polite, as power elate;

Profound as reason, and as justice clear;

Soft as compassion, yet as truth severe. — Savage.
| CANNOT soar into the heights you show, ‘Tis yours, not mine, to pluck out of your breast
Nor dive among the deeps that you reveal; Some human truth, whose workings recondite
But it is much that high things are to know, Were unattired in words, and manifest,
That deep things are to feel. And hold it forth to light.
- = Fean Ing elo.
HE was the pride eee free and fast,
Of her familiar sphere — the daily joy And judge him by no more than what you know
Of all who on her gracefulness might gaze, Ingeniously, and by the right-laid line ,
And in the light and music of her way Of truth, he truly will all styles deserve,
\ Have a companion’s portion. —wpzis, Of wise, good, just; a man both soul and nerve. f
Ef 292 — Shirley, fh S
oe <u

Sweet Sultan,

Amberboa moschata. Natura Orver: Composite—Aster Family.

=] UEER, quaint and isolated, but sunny Persia, is the native
land of this plant, while others of the same species are
#= natives of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean.
They are all handsome annuals, of easy cultivation, pro-
ducing purple, white, or yellow flowers, which are endowed
with a slight odor of musk. They are about a foot and
a half high, and are most excellent for planting in mixed borders,
Ke. yielding flowers during the whole summer, which reward the culti-
IN vator with their perfume, and an abundant supply for bouquets and

Awii<- decorations.

| SE on ee

Bike Felicity.

\
S F ND may the stream of thy maturing life
Forever flow, in blissful sunlight through
A fairy scene with gladsome beauty rife,
As ever greeted the enraptur’d view!
—A. WW. Noney.
H! happy pair, to every blessing born! Y life has been like summer skies
* For you may life’s calm stream unruffled run! When they are fair to view,
For you its roses bloom without a thorn, But there never yet were hearts or skies,
And bright as morning shine its evening sun! Clouds might not wander through.
—R. T. Paine. —Mrs. L. P. Smith.
M** hope not too deceptive prove;
May sweet contentment round you throw
Such bliss as may-be found below!
—F. T. Watson.
ND I was glad that night, That flowed like some tidal eddy,
With no reason ready, Or shone like a star that was rising bright
To give my own heart for its deep delight, With comforting radiance steady.
—Fean Ingelow.
. il Desens is a spell in every flower —

A sweetness in each spray;
And every simple bird has power

To please me with its lay!
—Anne Peyre Dinnies,

wel - av 5

ere
ae

Sweet GiWiam,

Dianthus barbatus. Narurar Orver: Caryophyllacee— Pink Family.

SOS

) ALLED Dianthus, or flower of Jove, by the Greeks, the
Sweet William still stands preéminent among the flowers
which deck the garden. Although it be surrounded by the
modern pinks and carnations, flaunting their beauty with

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DEEEEFE)

high-sounding names, it deserves cherishing as an antique
plant, as well as for its sportive variety. Many species of
Abs? the Dianthus are natives of Oriental countries, and their colors are
superb, attesting the warmth of the Eastern climates, where nature is
brilliant in her tints. This species, sometimes familiarly called Bunch
Pink, and some other varieties, are natives of Europe.

Strataqem.

ND mar your plot! No; I’m too bold for that;
“ I threw him off the scent, and ran with speed

To warn you, sefior, how to take the man.
—George H. Boker.
ITH bended bow and quiver full of arrows, Till we o’ertook the spoil encumbered foe.
Hovered about the enemy, and marked
The road he took, then hastened to my friends,

Whom, with a troop of fifty chosen men,

We fought and conquered. Ere a sword was drawn
An arrow from my bow had pierced their chief,
Who wore that day the arms which now I wear.
I met advancing. The pursuit I led, —Fohn Home,

ee maid shakes her head, on her lips lays her fingers,

Steals up from her seat—longs to go, and yet lingers;

A frightened glance turns to her drowsy grandmother,

Puts one foot on the stool, spins the wheel with the other.

Lazily, easily, swings now the wheel round;

Slowly and lowly is heard now the reel’s sound;

Noiseless and light to the lattice above her

The maid steps—then leaps to the arms of her lover.

Slower —and slower —and slower the wheel swings;

Lower—and lower —and lower the reel rings;

Ere the reel and the wheel stop their ringing and moving,

Through the grove the young lovers by moonlight are roving.
—Fohn Francis Waller,

204

Sycamare,

Platanus occidentalis, Narurat Orver: Platanacee—Plane-Tree Family.

NE of the largest trees in American forests is the Sycamore
It is
found most frequently on the banks of some of the large western

or Buttonwood tree, which grows to a prodigious size.

rivers and on the margins of many of the smaller streams, where
‘ win the trunk attains a not unusual circumference of fifty feet.
oy S Along the entire course of the Mississippi and Missouri rivers,
~ extensive forests of it abound, and no sooner does a bar of sand or an
c) island make itself seen above the surface of the fickle tide, than it is
covered as if by magic with a growth of Sycamore saplings that in a
few years develop into mighty trees. Its rapid growth is its chief
recommendation, as its wood is soft and of no great utility. Its ample
) foliage makes a very desirable shade, and it thrives under circumstances

to which many other trees succumb.

Goodland Beauty.

YCAMORE with eglantine was spread,

A hedge about the sides, a covering overhead.
—Dryden.

KNOW a forest vast and old — I know a brake where sleeps the fawn,

A shade so deep, so darkly green,
That morning sends her shaft of gold
In vain to pierce its leafy screen:

OISELESSLY around,

From perch to perch, the solitary bird
Passes; and yon clear spring that, midst its herbs,
Wells softly forth and wandering steeps the roots
Of half the mighty forest, tells no tale ,

i

295

The soft-eyed fawn, thro’ noon’s repose:
For noon with all the calm of dawn

Lies hushed beneath those dewy boughs.
--Edith May.

HE rich, deep masses of the sycamore
Hang heavy with the fullness of their prime.

—Hemans.

Of all the good it does. Thou hast not left
Thyself without a witness, in these shades,
Of thy perfections. Grandeur, strength and grace

«Are here to speak of thee.
—William Cullen Bryant.

oY

Syvinga.

Philadelphus corgnarius. Natrurat Orver: Saxifragacee—Saxifrage Family.

HIS showy shrub is one of several bearing the same cogno-

is

men, the classic name of which was bestowed in honor of
Ptolemzus Philadelphus, an ancient king of Egypt, and the
founder of the celebrated Alexandrian library. In early sum-
mer it is a handsome object, and is an addition to any land-
scape when covered by the creamy-white flowers that adorn
its stems and burden the air with their honeyed fragrance, the odor
of which is similar to the orange blossom, whence it is sometimes
called Mock-Orange. It is a native of Europe, but has been very
many years naturalized in America. Cultivated on the lawn, its

branches sway in graceful luxuriance; but if space is an object, it
Soin allow itself to be trained against a wall, and withhold not its
(& abundant bloom. Another variety, called Philadelphus grandiflorus,
is very similar in appearance, but the flowers are odorless.

(Qemary,

6 es friends regretted, scenes forever dear,
Remembrance hails you with her warmest tear!
Drooping she bends o’er pensive Fancy’s urn,
To trace the hours which never can return.
—Byron.
E will revive those times, and in our memories Kindled their mutual fires, their equal beams
Preserve, and still keep fresh, like flowers in water, Shot and return’d, till, link’d and twin’d in one,
Those happier days; when at our eyes our souls They chain’d our hearts together. —Denham.

CANNOT but remember such things were

That were most precious to me. — Shakespeare.

ULL'’D in the countless chambers of the brain, TILL o’er these scenes my memory wakes,
Our thoughts are link’d by many a hidden chain; And fondly broods with wiser care;
Awake but one, and lo! what myriads rise! Time but the impression deeper makes,

Each stamps its image as the other flies! As streams their channels deeper wear,
—kogers.

296

—Burns.

=<

|

Tansy,

Canacetum vulgare. Narurat Orver: Composite —Aster Family.

EMOTELY derived, perhaps, from the Greek athanas7a, im-
| mortal, because of its durable flowers, the common Tansy is an
~ old-fashioned plant of European origin, which has become
naturalized from its many years’ residence. It has a peculiar

MG ae affinity for old fence corners near the habitation ‘of man,
PAu 7

SU ~ “5 where once placed it grows without further care or atten-
ALS tion. The leaves are beautifully divided and subdivided. The flowers

Bhog are yellow. The whole plant is pervaded by an aroma which is
BLY intensely bitter. The young and tender leaves are used for flavoring
BIS some articles of food, such as cakes, puddings and, for epicures, the

He, omelet. In some parts of England it is customary, after the Good Friday

= service, for the clerk of the parish to carry to every house white tansy
a cakes as an Easter offering, for which each householder gives him a

Pe gratuity. The leaves are also used as a‘ disinfectant, and among Fin-
landers to produce a green dye. The essential oil is very poisonous.

Resistance.
HAME on those breasts of stone, that cannot melt
In soft adoption of another’s sorrow! =Anron Hill,
HE was a careless, fearless girl, \ mirthful maiden she, and young,
And made her answer plain; Most fair for bliss or bane;
Outspoken she to earl or churl, O long ago I told you so,
Kindhearted in the main, T tell you so today ;
But somewhat heedless with her tongue, Go you your way, and let me go
And apt at causing pain. Just my own free way.

—Christina G. Rossetti.
E read their thoughts—they were his own —
“What! while our arms can wield these blades,
Shall we die tamely? die alone?
Without one victim to our shades,
One Moslem heart where, buried deep,

The saber from its toil may sleep?” —Moore.

297

Teasel,

Dipsacus tullonmm. Narurat Orver: Dipsacce —Teasel Family.

ILL the plants of this class except the Fuller’s Teasel are devoid
of interest, possessing no useful properties; but in Europe
clothiers use the heads of that variety to raise the nap of
" woolen cloth. They are armed with hard, hooked | scales,
Last which, being attached for this purpose to a revolving cylin-
: aN der, brush against the surface of the cloth, The common
fgX-, wild Teasel found by roadsides and hedges is a naturalized plant from
Europe. It flowers in large, oval heads, mounted on a stalk from
three to four feet high, and the stalks and dry heads may often be
seen, in winter, with their spiny cones decorated with sleet or frost,
c showing prismatic colors in the sun. It is cultivated in Europe in
large fields, a rich soil being necessary. The plants are thinned to
about a foot apart, and the heads are cut for sale the second year.

Qisanthrapy.

HERE'S not a day, but, to the man of thought,
Betrays some secret that throws new reproach

On life, and makes him sick of seeing more.
—Young.

CAN ne'er forgive the thoughts I bore
’Gainst thee, and ’gainst the race of man entire.
For I have stood at bay before the world,
Facing the wolves that well nigh pulled me down,
Until I deemed mankind a hungry pack,

Eager to suck their wounded brothers’ blood.
But thou hast come to purge me of my gall,
To heal my wounded heart, to dry my tears,
And plant within my soul a love of man,

Which, by heaven's grace, wrong never shall uproot.
—George H. Boker.

EARED, shunned, belied, ere youth had lost her force,
He hated men too much to feel remorse,
And thought the voice of wrath a sacred call,

To pay the injuries of some on all.

HEY have lived too long, who find
Their treasury of hope is spent;
They gaze upon the human kind

—Byron.

Like letters on a monument,
Repeating to the vacant air,

That dust and hollowness are there!
—Anonymous.

298

ory

Lm ay

Thistle.

Cirsium arvense, Narurar Orper: Composite —Aster Family.

M4 IELD CIRSIUM (from the old Greek name), or the True
; Thistle, is the name of this variety, while the general word
“ Thistle is a common name for various prickly plants which
are widely dispersed and very annoying weeds. The most
S common of these is the Canada Thistle, which is the curse
5 of any land where once established, as every seed is fur-
nished with an airy balloon of its own, to bear it to some
new, unoccupied district. It also spreads by its creeping root. The
flowers are arranged in small purple heads. There is also a yellow
variety. When the leaves are a short distance above the ground
in spring, they are sometimes. used as a salad, and the stems may
be used as a boiled vegetable, if they are first stripped of their skins
and soaked a short time in water to extract some of the bitterness pervading
them. The following is the tradition of the adoption of the Thistle as the
national emblem of Scotland: A body of Danes or Norsemen waiting to attack
the Scots during the silent watches of the night, sent out a few spies to recon-
noitre; these tramped upon some thistles, and, being wounded thereby, uttered such
furious maledictions as to arouse the Scots, who were thus saved from disaster.

Austerity.

IS breadth of brow, and Roman shape of chin,
Squared well with the firm man that reigned within.

—Campbell.
SHUT the door to face the naked truth, I took the perfect balances and weighed;
I stood alone —I faced the truth alone, No shaking of my hand disturbed the poise;
Stripped bare of self-regard, or form, or ruth, Weighed, found it wanting —not a word I said,
Till first and last were shown. But silent made my choice.

—Christina G. Rossetti.
IS square-turned joints and strength of limb | TRUST the frown thy features wear,

Showed him no carpet knight so trim, Ere long into a smile will turn;

But in close fight a champion grim, I would not that a face as fair
In camps a leader sage. As thine, beloved, should look so stern.
— Sty Walter Scott, —Wm. Leggett
- 299
aw co

ares B73

Thorn,

Crategqus cocmea. Naturat Orver: Rosacee—Rose Family.

A; ROWING usually in dense thickets on the borders of a wood-
= land, or beside some creek or stream, may be found the vari-
ous species of the Thorn, there being numerous varieties
indigenous to the American continent. In height the trees
or shrubs are from eight to twenty-five feet, and add much

“ to the glory of the woods when they are covered by their

ye

&

abundant bloom in early summer. The flowers are white, and appear
ao) in generous clusters. The fruit, when ripe, in autumn, is mostly
(unas ee scarlet in color, though sometimes yellowish, and in a few individual
rc a eh me kinds is both pleasant flavored and edible. The branches are pro-
(eo) | ; : face

fief vided with many thorns, from which the common synonym is derived.

i In some parts of the country the lower-growing ones are used as

hedges, but not so noticeably as in England, where many fields are
protected by them. The wood is strong and durable.

Dilticutty.

EWARE of desperate steps! the darkest day,

Live till to-morrow, will have passed away.
— Cowper.

S one who, journeying, checks the rein in haste, As such a one, being brought to sudden stand,

Because a chasm doth yawn across his way, Doubts all his foregone path if ’t were true,
Too wide for leaping, and too steeply faced And turns to this and then to the other hand
For climber to essay — As knowing not what to do. —ean Ingelow.

AIN would I stop to, remove from thy way
Stones that have bruised me, and thorns that have grieved;
Set up my errors for waymarks, to say,

Here 1 was wounded, ensnared, or deceived.
--Dora Greenwell.

HICH way? which way?—his eyes grew dim Half choked in the lashing spray:
With the dizzying whirl,— which way to swim? Life is sweet, and the grave is grim,—
The thunderous downshoot deafened him; Which way? which way?
—Christina G. Rossetti.
300

Ly
EG Ae.

Thorn Apple.

Datura stramonium. Narurar Orver: Solanacee—Nightshade Family.

S™.ATURA is a formation from the Arabic name, and the fruit
as

of the plant is called by botanists Thorn Apple, which

‘

should not be confounded with the berries or apples of
* the thorn tree. The varied properties of this order of plants
are highly important, for, although the most of them are dan-
gerously poisonous, yet they form both food and medicine for man.
The fruits of the egg-plant, tomato, and the tuber of the potato, are
excellent and wholesome food, while the hyoscyamus, atropa and Da-
tura are invaluable in medicine. Every part of the Thorn Apple, or
Datura, is a deadly poison. It is used in asthmatic aflections, but
should be administered only by a careful physician. The flowers,
The

common name is Jimson or Jamestown Weed, and as such it is found

‘ which are trumpet-shaped, are white, slightly tinged with purple.
wild on the commons. There are, however, several handsome varieties for gar-
den culture, from foreign countries, that are worthy of attention.

Decsittul Charms,

| SHOULD not like the gloss were past,
Yet want it not entirely new,
But bright and strong enough to last

About —suppose a week or two. —/oore.

EAUTY is but a vain and doubtful good,
A shining gloss that fadeth suddenly,
A flower that dies when first it ’gins to bud,
A brittle glass that's broken presently;
A doubtful good, a gloss, a glass, a flower,

Lost, faded, broken, dead within an hour.
— Shakespeare.

lee when the buds expand the leaves are green.

Then the first opening of the flower is seen;
Then come the honeyed breath and rosy smile,
That with their sweets the willing sense beguile;
But as we look, and love, and taste, and praise,

And the fruit grows, the charming flower decays.
—Crabbe.

HE spoke, and lo! her loveliness
Methought she damaged with her tongue;

And ever) sentence made it less,

—Fean Ingelow. ( f

zor ae

So false they rung.

En vitt.

Armeria vulgaris. Natural Orver: Plumbaginacee—Leadwort Family.

ase

Lg SOS RS

Si <i 2S) 5

a7 aK, small order of plants that mostly prefer a location near the

sea coast or salt, marshy land, whence this variety, which
grows wild on the shores of Europe, is sometimes called Armeria
1, It has a turf-like appearance, being
about a foot high, and pretty in shape, with flowers of a rose-color,
clustered in close heads, and blooms during midsummer. There are

two or three varieties cultivated as rock plants, some of them being

natives of Portugal.

Plants of this species need renewing every two

or three years.

They are very easily propagated, as very small slips

vegetate with ease in moist spring weather.

All are quite pretty and

desirable.

Sympathy.

aes there is need that on men’s hearts should fall

A spirit that can sympathize with all.
—Phebe Cary.

IKE the sweet melody which faintly lingers

Upon the wind-harp’s strings at close of day,

When gently touched by evening’s dewy fingers,
It breathes a low and melancholy lay,

So the calm voice of sympathy me seemeth:
And while its magic spell is round me cast,
My spirit in its cloistered silence dreameth,

And vaguely blends the future with the past.
—Mrs. Embury,

UT thou shalt use my heart
As a poor mansion, over which thou rulest:
If so, thou will’st call in thy dearest friends;

They shall be welcome, though they’re all mankind.
—Gvorge H, Boker.

HE soul of music slumbers in a shell Om who the exquisite delights can tell

Till waked and kindled by the master’s spell;

The joy which mutual confidence imparts?

And teeling hearts, touch them but rightly, pour

A thousand melodies unheard before.
—Rogers.

302

Or who can paint the charm unspeakable

Which links in tender bands two faithful hearts?
—Mrs. Tighe.

ry

Sha —ohs.

i)

tHe 303
e—-g—elD

Tiger Flower,

Cigridia pavania. NATURAL OrvDER: Jridacee— Tris Family.

ERE is a bulbous plant that is a great favorite for garden cul-
ture. The bulbs are placed in the ground in May or June,
and grow without further care. The soil should cover them

wise veins. The opens are often more than five inches
across, though generally about four. They are superbly brilliant in
their colors, and, though lasting but a few hours, new ones appear
daily for a considerable length of time. The stalk on which they are
borne is about a foot and a half high. The Tigridia pavonia (peacock-
like) is a rich scarlet, spotted with yellow. There are one or two other
varieties with flowers equally desirable, being very rich in their mark-
ings. The bulbs should be lifted in the fall, and be kept dry and free
from an to be planted again in the spring.

Prite Getriend (Qe!

TERN and erect his brow was rais’d;
Whate’er the grief his soul avow’d,
He would not shrink before the crowd.

—Byron.
bee offer, and I’ll suffer, no abuse, PITE of all the fools that pride has made,
Because I’m proud; pride is of mighty use. ’Tis not on man a useless burthen laid;

The affectation of a pompous name, Pride has ennobled some, and some disgraced:
Has oft set wits and heroes in a flame: It hurts not in itself, but as ’tis placed ;
Volumes, and buildings, and dominions wide. When right, its views know none but virtue’s bound:
Are of the noble monuments of pride. When wrong, it scarcely looks one inch around.

—Crown. i —Stilling fleet.

WILL from henceforth rather be myself,

Mighty, and to be fear’d, than my condition,
Which hath been smooth as oil, soft as young down,
And therefore lost that title of respect

Which the proud soul ne’er pays but to the proud.
— Shakespeare,

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=

SS @ errs
ia: re

a 4 ony 7
Trumpet lower,
@ecoma radicans. NATURAL ORDER: Biguoniacee—Lbignonia Family.

.

CARCELY anyone who has resided or traveled in the South-
ern States during midsummer could fail to observe the flowers
of this handsome and vigorous creeper. Its brilliant scarlet
blossoms project their large trumpets from every hedge and
bramble where the luxuriant vine has spread itself. “In wood-

\ lands, particularly near water-courses, it may be seen decorat-
ing the stalwart trunks of upright trees, where it has extended its
climbing branches from seventy to eighty feet, and where its super-
abundant growth trails from every branch, and the flowers glow
like coals of fire in the midst of the surrounding leafage. It is an
admirable permanent climber for outside walls, or for covering trees
that have died, where shade is needed. There are some two or three
fine plants from the Cape of Good Hope and China, suitable for the
2 greenhouse, and four or five adapted for the hothouse, all having pink
and white flowers, which are said to be very desirable.

Famg.

ITH fame, in just proportion, envy grows;

The man that makes a character, makes foes.

—Young.
ITH echoing feet he threaded HAT so foolish as the chase of fame?
The secret walks of fame: How vain the prize! how impotent our aim!
The viewless arrows of his thoughts were headed For what are men who grasp at praise sublime,
And winged with flame. But bubbles on the rapid stream of time?
—Tennyson. --Young.

ce scieaes nee let me live, or die unknown —

Oh! grant me honest fame, or grant me none!

—Pope.
HE fame that man wins himself is best; Which are soon ta’en off; for in the warmth
That he may call his own: honors put on him ‘The heat comes from the body, not the weeds;
Make him no more a man than his clothes do, So man’s true fame must strike from his own
deeds. —Middleton.

BP 304 a s

i
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So ee Ss

“a
Tuberase,

Polianthes tuberosa. Naturat Orver: Amaryllidacea—Amaryllis Family.

fine and odoriferous plant, and a native of some of the islands
of the Indian Ocean, or perhaps of Mexico, as some think,
but it has been cultivated in England for upward of two

They are very
eae and are borne on a slender stalk about ide feet high, which
rises from the center of the group of sword-shaped leaves at the base.
The root is bulbous or tuberous (whence the common name, which,
therefore, is not “tube-rose”), and blooms but once. The young off-
shoots bloom when two years old. The bulbs, old enough to bloom,
are very cheap, and can be ordered from any seedsman. They should
be started in a hotbed, and placed in the garden when all danger of
frost is over. In very northern latitudes they should be retained in
the pot, so as to finish their bloom in the house.

Volupiuorsness.,

O sleek her skin, so faultless was her make,
E’en Juno did unwilling pleasure take
To see so fair a rival. —Dryden.

ACH sound, too, here to languishment inclin’d, It hung, and breath’d such soul-dissolving airs,

Lull’d the weak bosom and inducéd ease. As did, alas! with soft perdition please;
Aerial music in the warbling wind, Entangled deep in its enchanting snares,
At distance rising oft, by small degrees The list’ning heart forgot all duties and all cares
Nearer and nearer came, till o’er the trees —Thompson.
HEN stole I up, and trancédly In many a dark, delicious curl,
Gazed on the Persian girl alone, Flowing beneath her rose-hued zone;
Serene with argent-lidded cyes, The sweetest lady of the time,
Amorous, and lashes like to rays Weil worthy of the golden prime
Of darkness, and a brow of pearl Of good Haroun Alraschid.
Ft Tressed with redolent ebony —Tennyson. /
‘ i U 305 “

oem

geo
——

Tulip.

Culipa Gesneriana. Narurar Orver: Liliacee—Lily Family.

We
J” URICH was the birthplace, and March 26, 1516, the birth-
day, of the celebrated Swiss naturalist, botanist and scholar,
Conrad Gesner, from whom this variety of the Tulip derives
its distinctive name. It is a purely oriental flower; its tex-
, ture,.its depth of color, and even its shape, suggest to the
“#2? mind the glories of the far-off eastern climes whence it has
its birth. It is of Persian origin, and the native name, dulband,
9,2. from whence its synonym in our language is derived, signifies a tur-
G£ ban, after their own peculiar national head-dress. The Tulip was
> introduced into Europe by Gesner, since whose time its cultivation
has received the most indefatigable attention. Under European taste,
skill and care, the number of varieties has grown to over seven hun-
dred; and the colors into which it has sported are many and mag-
nificent. In old records it is found that in the year 1637 one hundred and twenty
Tulips were sold at public auction for nine thousand guilders—equal to thirty-six
hundred dollars. There is a species of wild Tulip quite common in the woods
and vineyards of Germany. In Siberia the bulbs are used as food, although bitter
and acrid.

Declaration of Jroug,

ELEN, I love thee; by my life I do;
I swear by that which I will lose for thee

To prove him false that says I love thee not.
—Shakespeare.

| AM filled with such amaze, EAR art thou to me now as in that hour

So far transported with desire and love, When first love’s wave of feeling, spraylike, broke
My slippery soul flies to you while I speak. Into bright utterance, and we said we lov’d.
—Rochester. —Bailey,

DARE not linger near thee as a brother,

I feel my burning heart would still be thine;
How could I hope my passionate thoughts to smother,
When yielding all the sweetness to another

Which should be mine. —Amelia B. Welby.
306

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a

Tussitlago.

Nardosmia palmata. Narurar Orver: Composite — Aster Family.

€)>N swamps or moist lowlands may be found the few plants
known as Tussilago, or Coltsfoot. In the Tussilago farfara,
we have the most common species. It is to be found chiefly
on clayey soil in the Northern and Middle States. The flower
appears singly, and is a many-rayed yellow head, borne on a
: i scaly stalk about five or six inches high, and blossoming
3 Rye before the leaves make their appearance. Another variety called Tus-
a silago by Aiton is now known as Nardosmia, from the two Greek
words, zardos, meaning spikenard, and osme, smell, which plant it
3K resembles in its fragrance. The flowers, which appear in May, are
if used in the manufacture of perfumery. The leaves are coarse, large
and palmate, having a fancied resemblance to a colt’s foot, whence the
common name. The scientific name is from the Latin ¢uss7s, a cough,
because of its long-recognized value as a cough remedy. Its aromatic
properties were only discovered during the present century.

usticg ta You.

i Sia gods grow angry with your patience! ’Tis their care,
And must be yours, that guilty men escape not;

As crimes do grow, justice should rouse itself. = —onson.
[eee justice holds her equal scales, F but one virtue did adorn a king,
Till stronger virtue does the weight incline; It would be justice; many great defects
If over thee thy glorious foe prevails, Are vail'd thereby —whereas each virtuous thing
He now defends the cause that once was thine. In one who is not just, the world suspects.
—Prior. —Earl of Sterling.
OU are right, justice, and you weigh this well; Happy am I, that have a man so bold,

Therefore still bear the balance and the sword: That dares do justice on my proper son;

And I do wish your honors may increase, And no less happy, having such a son

Till you do live to see a son of mine That would deliver up his greatness so

Offend you and obey you, asl did, Into the hands of justice.

So shall I live to speak my father’s words:— —Shakespeare.

Py 3°7 -

Tol

Valerian,

Daleriana sylvatica. NaturavL Orpver: Valerianacee — Valerian Family.

UST why this plant has been called Valerian—whether in honor
ze. of the Roman emperor of that name, or of some unknown
i Valerius, or (which is perhaps the most probable view) from the
m,, Latin valere, to be well,—seems to be uncertain. It is to be
found in nearly all temperate climates. In the United States
there are several indigenous varieties, found mostly in lowlands
near wooded districts, or in swamps. The leaves of some are
composed of several small leaflets arranged opposite each other
along a central stem which is terminated by one a little superior
in size, in others the foliage is entire. The flowers of the wild
species are mostly purple, white or rose. The root of the Vale-
riana edulis is said to be cooked and eaten by the Indians. It is
from the Valeriana officinalis that the extract used in medicine is
obtained. It is useful chiefly in nervous affections, though possessing tonic, febri-
fugal and anti-spasmodic properties.

Obliging Disposition.

EVOTED, anxious, generous, void of guile,

And with her whole heart’s welcome in her smile.
—Mrs. Norton.

HERE are some hearts like wells, green-mossed And there are some like springs, that bubbling

As ever summer saw; {and deep To follow dusty ways, [burst °
And cool their water is— yea, cool and sweet; And run with offered cup to quench his thirst
But you must come to draw. Where the tired traveler strays;
They hoard not, yet they rest in calm content, That never ask the meadows if they want
And not unsought will give; What is their joy to give;
They can be quiet with their wealth unspent, Unasked, their lives to other life they grant,
So self-contained they live. So self-bestowed they live.

--Caroline Spencer.
AN I yield you blessings? says the friendly heart;

Fear not I am poorer, though I much impart.
Wherefore should you thank me? giving is my need;

Love that wrought none comfort, sorrow were indeed.
—Lucy Larcom, ’

AIA

4p) 308
azoces : eit

Venns’s Flytrap,

Dionea muscipula. Narurat Orver: Droseracee—Sundew Family.

often found in colder climates, except in hothouse culture, this
* perennial plant is rather delicate, but can be raised without
difficulty if repotted each year and kept standing in a saucer
<0. of water. The leaves have a peculiar retractile power, clos-

Sy, ing whenever an insect lights on the surface, thereby holding
it a prisoner within its embrace, only relaxing its hold when it has
~ entirely withdrawn the nourishing properties from its victim. The
flowers are white, being grouped in an umbel of from eight to ten
“on a stalk about a foot high. It is called Dionwa from Dione, the

mother of Venus; and muscipula, from the Latin, denotes fly-gates.

fo)

Ns
i
Deceit.

E sail along a rocky shore—the cliffs are gray and green,
While in the sunfit depths below as lofty cliffs are seen.
We float upon the waves of Life, with Death at either hand,

And what is false and what is true we may not understand.
—L. Bruce Moore.

fexee wave of the desert, thou art less beguiling HY, I can smile, and murder while I smile;
Than false beauty over the lighted hall shed: And cry content to that which grieves my
” What but the smiles that have practic’d their smiling, And wet my cheek with artificial tears; [heart;

Or honey words measured, and reckon’d as said. And frame my face to all occasions.
—Miss Landon. —Shakespeare.

E seem’d for dignity compos’d, and high exploit,

But all was false and hollow. —Milton.
OU’RE wrong; he was the mildest mannered HEIR friendship is a lurking snare,
That ever scuttled ship or cut a throat! [man Their honor but an idle breath;
With such true breeding of a gentleman, Their smile, the smile that traitors wear;
You never could divine his real thought. Their love is hate, their life is death.
—Byron. —Simms, i
Via 309 aie
pe n
hee sha

>. ered to have a special affinity for each other; hence this
%, plant, the flowers of which have been likened to a “concave
a mirror,” has been dedicated to the goddess of beauty, and
eo called her looking-glass. It belongs to the delightful
- family of the Campanulas, all of which are attractive,
and some very beautiful. It is a small plant about six inches high,
and is a native of Southern Europe. The stem branches freely, and
it is a pretty little thing for the borders of beds and walks. The
flowers are blue, closing at night and opening in the morning. There
is an annual variety, with white blossoms, that blooms in August.

Hiattery.

O flattery my boy! an honest man can’t live by’t:
It is a little sneaking art, which knaves
Use to cajole and soften fools withal. —Otway. x

THOU world, great nurse of flattery, [words, O that man might hold the heart's close book,
Why dost thou tip men’s tongues with golden And choke the lavish tongue when it doth utter
And poise their deeds with weight of heavy lead, The breath of falsehood, not character’d there.

That fair performance cannot follow promise?

0° all wild beasts, preserve me from the tyrant;

And of all tame—a flatterer. _gonson,
WOULD give worlds, could I believe | eames too dearly lov’d, or warmly sought,
One-half that is professed me; Enfeebles all internal strength of thought;
Affection!.could I think it thee, And the weak soul within itself unblest
When flattery has caressed me? —Miss Landon. Leans for all pleasure on another's breast.

—Goldsmith,

ERNICIOUS flatt’ry! thy malignant seeds,
In an ill hour and by a fatal hand

Sadly diffused o'er virtue’s gleby land,

With rising pride amidst the corn appear,

And choke the hopes and harvest of the year.
—Prior,

AP
oe

310

wae

YI — 5

Uevbhena,

Derbena Aubletia. Narurat Orver: Verbenacea —Vervain Family.

ste.

beautiful flower is unsurpassed for splendor of color. It is a
native of the South, and is a delicate, trailing plant, bloom-
ing freely. A few plants will cover a large bed if their
branches are pinned down so that they can root at the joints,
which they do readily. Among the Romans, the Verbene,
whence the name of this plant, were sacred boughs, whether
of the laurel, olive or myrtle. This particular variety has been desig-
nated Aubletia in honor of the French botanist, John Baptist Christo-
pher Fusee Aublet, who flourished in the middle of the last century,
dying in 1778.

Sensiblity,

HE smiled; but he could see arise
Her soul from far adown her eyes,

Prepared as if for sacrifice.
—Mrs. Browning.

ET what is wit, and what the poet’s art? There keener anguish rankles in the mind;

Can genius shield the vulnerable heart? There feeling is diffus’d through every part,
Ah! no. Where bright imagination reigns, Thrills in each nerve, and lives in all the heart;
The fine-wrought spirit feels acuter pains; And those whose gen’rous souls each tear would keep
Where glow exalted sense and taste refin’d, From others’ eyes, are born themselves to weep.

—Hfannah More,
KINDLY speech; a. cordial voice;
A smile so quick, so warm, so bright,
It speaks a nature full of light.

—Kate F. Hill.
EARLY bought, the hidden treasure HE gazed, and in the tender flush
Finer feelings can bestow! That made her face like roses blown,
Chords that vibrate sweetest pleasure, And in the radiance and the hush,
Thrill the deepest notes of woe. —Zurns. Her thought was shown.

—Fean Ingelow.
NEW creation-bloom that rounds

The old creation, and expounds
His Beautiful in tuneful sounds. —syys, Browning. !

coo as ai

Vialet,

Diola odorata, Naturar Orver: Violacee — Violet Family,

EANY and various are the Violet species, which are natives
% of all lands within the temperate zone. Some of them
may be found in the fields and woods during spring
and early summer, with their delicate little flowers hidden
amid their clustered leaves. The Viola odorata is a Euro-
pean Violet. The flowers, though small, are redolent with
perfume, and for this quality the plant has been styled odorata
(odorous), and is to be found in general cultivation abroad. An-
&. other Violet (the Viola tricolor), more frequently called Pansy, or
ye Heartsease, we are very familiar with, and through our admiration
give it a warm place in our hearts and a cool place in our bor-
What magnificence in color! what gorgeous velvet can sur-
Wie pass the bloom of these modest little flowers, lying so close upon
Nature’s bosom?

N
ES Says Shakespeare:

“Her looks do argue her replete with modesty.”

(Jodesty,

N the modesty of fearful duty,
I read as much as from the rattling tongue

Of saucy and audacious eloquence. —Shakespeare.

EAUTIFUL are you in your lowliness:

Bright in your hues, delicious in your scent;

Lovely your modest blossoms,.downward bent,
As shrinking from your gaze, yet prompt to bless

The passer-by with fragrance, and express
How gracefully, though mutely eloquent,
Are unobtrusive worth and meek content,

Rejoicing in their own obscure recess.
—Barton,

E saw her charming, but he saw not half

The charms her downcast modesty conceal’d.

HE violet droops its soft and bashful brow,
But from its heart, sweet incense fills the air:
So rich within—so pure without —art thou,

With modest mien and soul of virtue rare.
—Mrs. Osgood,

312

— Thompson,
ODESTY ’S the charm
That coldest hearts can quickest warm;
Which all our best affections gains,

And, gaining, ever still retains.
; —Paulding.

wAS—OLS

cere

Virgin’s Dower,

Clematis Dirginiana. Natura OrveEr: Ranunculacee—Crowfoot Family.

pee
y

HERE are many species of the Clematis or Virgin’s Bower,
the most of which are grown as coverings to arbors and trel-
lises. The name comes from the Greek word &/ema, signi-
fying a vine or climbing plant. Loudon calls Clematis vitalba,
- very common in England and France, with its white flowers
blooming in August, the Traveler’s Joy. Our native species
are found wild in the Southern States, clambering over fences and
bushes in the most unrestrained manner. Many of them would do
{, admirably well if transplanted to the garden, where they would adorn
(. some otherwise neglected nook. There are several adapted for
greenhouse culture, nearly all of them being from warm or tropical
climates. The flowers of the varied kinds are white, yellow and
purple. They are all worthy of attention.

Filial Affection.

HOSE tones of dear delight,

The morning welcome, and the sweet good night!
—Charles Sprague.

Ble sweet are the tones of affection sincere, 9/TX WERE sweet to kiss thy tears away,
When they come from the depth of the heart; If tears those eyes must know;
And sweet are the words that banish each care, But sweeter still to hear thee say,
And bid sorrow forever depart! Thou never hadst them flow.
—Bulwer.

HERE is in life no blessing like affection;
It soothes, it hallows, elevates, subdues,
And bringeth down to earth its native heaven:

Life has naught else that may supply its place.
—Miss L. E, Landon.

»7]\WAS the earliest link in love’s warm chain— Some friend still trusted drops away,
Tis the only one that will long remain: Mother! dear mother! oh! dost thou see
And as year by year, and day by day, How the shortened chain brings me nearer thee?
\ —Willis.
fay 313
ae) CN

|
X

epee
cca

@Aalltlower,

Cheiranthus chew. NaTuRAL ORDER: Cruciferie— Mustard Family.

ALLFLOWER is a low, semi-shrubby, perennial plant, grow-
9 ing from one to two and a half feet in height, and comes
ze from the south of Europe. It is a great favorite on that
. continent among all classes. Robert Herrick, an English
poet of the seventeenth century, has a pretty little poetical
legend, to the effect that a young girl much in love, but re-
strained of her liberty, desired to fly to the arms of her lover, for which
purpose she clambered out on a high wall, to which she had tied a
silken sash or rope. In descending, the knot untied, and she fell,
“bruised, and bleeding, and died;” and Love, in pity, changed her to
this plant, to be called forever the “Flower of the Wall.” It does not
bloom until the second year from seed, and in northern climates should
be removed to a light cellar for protection from frost in winter. Cheiri
is the Arabic name, and Cheiranthus a formation therefrom by adding the Greek
word azthos, a flower.

Hidetity in (Qistortung,

H! if there be an elysium on earth, it is this:
When two that are linked in one heavenly tie,
Love on through all ills, and love on till they die.

—Moore.

E wallflowers, shed your tints of golden dye, With fascination to the heart address’d,

On which the morning sunbeams love to rest — So tender and beautifully shine,
On which, when glory fills the glowing west, As if reluctant still to leave that hoary shrine.
The parting splendors of the day’s decline, — ERENs:
ERTAIN my resolution is to die;
How can I live without thee, how forego
Thy sweet converse and love, so dearly join’d?
—Milton,
| ape is the pink, the lily gay, There may be gaudier on the bower,
The rose is summer’s guest; And statelier on the tree;
Bland are thy charms when these decay, But wallflower, loved wallflower,
Of flowers, first, last, and best! Thou art the flower for me. —afoir. Mi
314 A

cf
A ay
3012 [at erence

6 —75
re)

@Malunt,

FIuglans nigra. NATURAL ORDER: Yuglandacee— Walnut Family.

io EUS PATER (Father Zeus), through the first syllable of
> the Latin equivalent Jupiter, enters into the formation of the
botanical name of this valuable tree, Juglans meaning Jove’s
acorn; and the walnut is certainly not unworthy of the dis-
tinction. In growth it is a majestic forest tree, rising very

AY ve vos frequently to the height of eighty feet, and is always a
"Nig pleasing object to the eye. The wood of the Black Walnut is very

~\fi2. extensively used in cabinet work and in building. It is very close

Vg
YZ

2’ srained and heavy, and when freshly sawed it is of a deep violet
©” color. It takes a very good polish, and assumes a brownish tone
after being dressed, and looks not incongruous either when uphol-
stered in the richest of fabrics or placed amid the commonest sur-
roundings. The nuts are of a rather flattened globose shape, and
the removal of the outward husk exposes the inner shell, which is very rough

on the surface.

Autetfert,

ORERUN thy peers, thy time, and let
Thy feet, milleniums hence, be set
In midst of knowledge dreamed not yet.

—Tennyson.
ETIR’D thoughts enjoy their own delights, HE mind of man is this world’s true dimension;
As beauty doth in self-beholding eye; And knowledge is the measure of the mind:
Man’s mind a mirror is of heavenly sights, And as the mind in her vast comprehension
A brief wherein all miracles scumm’d lie, Contains more worlds than all the world can find,
Of fairest forms and sweetest shapes the store, So knowledge doth itself far more extend

Most graceful all, yet thought may grace them more. Than all the minds of man can comprehend.
— Southwell, —Lord Brooke.
RISE, my drowsing soul!
Gird on thy blazing arms of intellect!
One struggle more to master coming time;
And if thy earthly walls then fall consumed,

We'll scale those heights where conquering time is not.
—George H. Boker.

Ne he cy

ee i

ii

aor J

ater Lily.

Nopmphea odorata. Naturar Orver: Nympheacee—Water Lily Family.

7 UITE inadequate is language, we may say, to the descrip-

% tion of this beautiful flower. One might exhaust the whole

é< vocabulary, and yet fall short of expressing that sense of
beauty and loveliness that it itself expresses as it rests upon
the bosom of the placid stream. ‘Tantalizing, too, is it, like
* all beauty, seemingly so near, yet only to be possessed by

9

" the venturesome few, for “only the brave deserve the fair,” and
yet only waiting to be plucked by the hand that would clasp it
lovingly in its embrace. This lily is shaped like a large rosette. It
is composed of numerous pointed petals that curve upward toward
the center. They are usually a pure opaque white, though some-
times purplish. In the midst of this exquisite cluster of petals there
are innumerable fringelike filaments of the most delicate yellow, that
tremble with the least agitation. The leaves are large and rounded,
being many times nearly a foot in breadth, and float on the surface
The flower

is very fragrant, and may well be called, as it sometimes is, the “ Naiad, or

of the water around their radiant queen like so many handmaids.

Bride of the Waters,” which is but a free translation of its botanic name.

Ry
Eloquent,
EN are more eloquent than women made,

But women are more powerful to persuade.
—-Randolph,

OW’'R above pow’rs!
That with the strong rein of commanding words

O heavenly eloquence!

Dost manage, guide and master th’ eminence
Of men’s affections, more than all their swords!
Shall we not offer to thy excellence

The richest treasure that our wit affords ?

\ They melted as they fell.
a

Thou that canst do much more with one pen
Than all the powers of princes can effect;
And draw, divert, dispose and fashion men
Better than force or rigor can direct!

Should we this ornament of glory then,

As th’ unmaterial fruits of shades neglect?
—Daniel,

HEN he spoke, what tender words he us’d,
So softly, that, like flakes of feather’d snow,

—Dryden.

316

me)
SD

a ‘ eas

GAceping GiNow,

Salix Babplonica. Narurar Orver: Salicacee— Willow Family.

of oe

of Willows as seen against the sky, the small pointed foliage
‘ and slender twigs producing that hazy, indistinct effect. It is
a pleasing tree either when single or in groups, often indulg-
ing in strange and grotesque contortions in its trunk and
branches, which are most agreeable to an artist’s eye, espe-
cially when surrounded by trees of more prim and dignified bearing.
Nearly all the varieties have an affinity for locations near streams
and ponds, or for low, wet meadow-lands, where they flourish in
the abundant moisture. They do not disdain, however, to grow in
other and dryer localities, as the many promising shade trees will
testify. Being easily propagated, it is probably one of the most
desirable trees for speedy growth. The Weeping Willow differs from

ral A the common species merely in having long, pendulous branches, from

‘ «which it receives its name, and in memory of the Israelitish assemblage
mentioned in Psalm cxxxvii., that hung their harps upon the Willows and wept
by the waters of Babylon.

(Qetanchoty.

S the drain’d fountain, fill’d with autumn leaves,
The field swept naked of its garner’d sheaves;
So wastes at noon the promise of our dawn,
The springs all choking, and the harvest gone.

—O. W. Holmes.
OME, rouse thee, dearest! ’tis not well Increase the gulf in which they fall,
To let the spirit brood Such thoughts, by gathering up the rills
Thus darkly o’er the cares that swell Of lesser griefs, spread real ills;
Life’s current to a flood. And with their gloomy shades conceal
As brooks and torrents, rivers, all The landmarks Hope would else reveal.
—Mrs. Dinnies.
UT hail! thou goddess, sage and holy! To hit the sense of human sight,
Hail! divinest melancholy! And therefore to our weaker view,
Whose saintly visage is too bright . Overlaid with black, staid wisdom’s hue. !
—Milton.
317 re)

| i
Gheat,
Criticum vulgare. Narurar Orver: Graminee—Grass Family.
Kuniiask sos oy : .
Be, NSURPASSED in value, and of a beauty based upon its
¢ intrinsic merits, the Wheat plant is decidedly the most useful,
widely dispersed, and most essential plant in cultivation. No
: ls other product forms so entirely the support of man, and none
“1, other is more prolific in its yield under favorable circum-
® stances. The growing grain is a pleasing sight from the
* time it first spreads its mantle of green over the fields till it stands in
golden beauty, bending the stalks with their wealth, and culminates in
* a ripened and bountiful harvest. Wheat is supposed to have originated
ee in Asia, on the high table lands of Thibet, where it still grows in its
f<- primitive state, an humble and grasslike plant, with very small seeds.
®% Ceres is called the goddess of the harvest, and the mythological writers
say that before her time the earth was rough, and covered with briers
and unprofitable plants.
“Ceres was she who first our furrows plough’d,
Who gave sweet fruits and easy food allow’d;
Ceres first tamed us with her gentle laws,
From her kind hand the world subsistence draws.”
Kithes.
ICHES, like insects, while concealed they lie,
Wait but for wings, and in their seasons fly.
—Pope.
BUNDANCE is a blessing to the wise; XTOL not riches then, the toil of fools,
The use of riches in discretion lies; The wise man’s cumbrance, if not snare, more
Learn this, ye men of wealth—a heavy purse To slacken virtue, and abate her edge, [apt
In a fool's pocket is a heavy curse. Than prompt her to do aught may merit praise.
—Cumberland. —Milton.
i eae is no comfort but in outward showing
In all the servile homage paid to dross;
Better to heart and soul the silent knowing
fi Our little store has not been gained by loss. ui
‘ Ye, a ohn Boyle O'Reilly. a
he : cere

et
uw

White Walnut,

Juglans cimerea,. Narurar Orver: Fuglandacee —Walnut Family.

in the Northern and Middle States, the White Walnut, per-
haps more commonly known as the Butternut, is to be found.
The former is the more proper designation, as it belongs
among the true Walnuts. The trunk is usually rather short,

but large in girth. The branches spread horizontally, giving
it a large, rounded head, sometimes thirty or forty feet high. The
foliage has a plumy appearance, each leaf being composed of several
leaflets arranged in pairs along a stem, with a single one to terminate
the point. The nut is elongated in shape, and encased in a husk or
sheath that is inseparable from it, and in that respect differing from
other Walnuts. The kernel is very sweet, pleasant-flavored, and rich
in oil, which gives it its most familiar synonym. The wood is useful
in some of the arts. The bark is used in medicine as a cathartic, and by dyers
to produce a brown dye.

Understanding,

ba I doubt not through the ages one increasing purpose runs,

And the thoughts of men are widened with the process of the suns,
—Tennyson.

IME has small pow’r When set; and music from the broken shrine
O’er features the mind molds. Roses, where Breathes, it is said, around whose altar-stone
They once have bloom'd, a fragrance leave behind; His flower the votary has ceased to twine:—
And harmony will linger on the wind; Types of the beauty that, when youth is gone, [cline.
And suns continue to light up the air, Breathes from the soul whose brightness mocks de-

; --George Hill.
ye mind her mantling cheek must glow,

Her voice, her beaming eye, must show

An all-inspiring soul. —Levi Frisbie.
Mis? despatch’d upon the busy toil, [soil; She should imbue the tongue with what she sips,
Should range where Providence has blessed the And shed the balmy blessings on the lips, ,
Visiting every flow’r with labor meet, That good diffused may more abundant grow,
And gathering all her treasures sweet by sweet, And speech may praise the pow’r that bids it flow.

—Cowper,

icaoe Ey

b

on 3—e

Ginter Cherry.

Phpsalis Alkekengt. NaTuRAL OrvErR: Solanaceae —Nightshade Family.

a

F all plants this is perhaps the most variously named, being
called indifferently Ground Cherry, Winter Cherry, and Straw-
berry Tomato. The first name is applicable to several of the
same genus, because of their habit, being merely straggling,
herbaceous plants of low stature. It belongs to what is
classed as the Nightshade family, which embraces plants not

U9 Hi

only producing flowers to gratify the eye, but fruits for the sustenance
oe) of man and the pleasing of his palate—as the tomato, potato, and egg
plant. The Winter Cherry is found in gardens and cultivated fields,
growing as if indigenous to the soil, though in some instances care is
b 2 given. it, which of course improves its quality. The. fruit is about the
\S) size of a strawberry or cherry, being yellowish in color, and remains
“ on the plant during winter, which explains its second synonym, while
the third is sufficiently apparent. The berry is surrounded by a _ bladder-like
calyx, which hides as well as protects it, whence the name Physalis, from the
Greek, denoting a bladder.

Deception.

OU vow, and swear, and super-praise my parts,

When I am sure you hate me in your hearts.
— Shakespeare.

i many hearts have changed since we two parted, And some we trusted with a fond believing,

And many grown apart as time hath sped— Have turn’d and stung us to the bosom’s core;
Till we have almost deem’d that the true-hearted And life hath seem’d but as a vain deceiving,
Abided only with the faithful dead. From which we turn aside, heart-sick and sore.

— Mrs. C. M. Chandler.

N open foe may prove a curse,
But a pretended friend is worse.

—Gay.
HAT man so wise, what earthly wit so ware, To seein like truth, whose shape she well can feign,
As to descry the crafty, cunning train And fitting gestures to her purpose frame,
By which deceit doth mask in visor fair, The guiltless man with guile to entertain?
ly And cast her colors, dyed deep in grain, Seneasen

itch Hazcl.

Hamamelis Dirginiana. Natura Orver: Hamamelacee—Witch Hazel Family.

2

? ANADA and various parts of the United States produce this
large shrub about as commonly as Virginia, from which it
derives its distinctive qualification; its name, the Greek appel-

lative of the medlar, has been misapplied by a mistake which
F: it is now hard to rectify. The small branches were formerly

\UPEEEESEEEFEE

used to discover veins of water and precious metals; and
‘there are those who have inherited sufficient superstition to still have
faith in their efficiency. We have seen wells said to have been so
located, but how an unconscious piece of hazel should be more wise
Nak’ than man, is more than can be divined. A recent theory is, that it
may be through some law of electricity not yet understood. The mode
“€ of procedure is in this manner: A branch that is forked is held,. one

t: branch: in each hand, the main end pointing upward; the moment that

; it passes over water, it turns around and points to the earth. It is said,
however, not to turn in the hands of everyone.

Gitthery.

HAVE led a life too stirring for those vague beliefs

That superstition builds in solitude. —Miss Landon.

UR witches are no longer old
And wrinkled beldames, Satan-sold,

But young and gay and laughing creatures, Faintly responding unto ours,

When the raised lid unvails its glances,
And the low-breathed and gentle tone

With the heart’s sunshine on their features; Soft, dreamlike as a fairy’s moan,
Their sorcery —the light which dances Above its nightly closing flowers.

—Whittier.
HAT are these, so wither’d and so wild in their attire,

That look not like the inhabitants o’ the earth,

“=a

‘

And yet are on’t? — Shakespeare.
UT the witch-hazel’s flower KNOW—whereon the sirens sit —
Of golden velvet, opening when the storm An island in a dark-green sea.
Comes on the wings of winter to deform, [hour. Oft at the wind’s own will past it
Charms with contrasting bloom while ruin rules the I sail my boat delightedly.

\ —Alfred B. Street. —Fames Maurice Thompson,
fa Vv 321 a
as aT.

el

par}

= AS

3
{
dAormwvaad,

Artemisia absinthium. Naturar Orver: Composite — Aster Family.

wa) RTEMISIA (so called in honor of the goddess Artemis, the
Greek equivalent of the Roman Diana), or, in our vernacu-

lar, Wormwood, is an intensely bitter plant, and has very
powerful medicinal properties. Its flowers are yellow, and it

is to some extent naturalized in the mountainous districts

of our Northern States. Columella, the Latin writer on
agriculture of the first century of our era, mentions both the plant
and absinthites, or Wormwood wine; and the celebrated Greek med-
ical and botanical writer, Dioscorides, also speaks of it perhaps a
century later. The Roman Wormwood is the kind usually found in
our gardens, and is a native of Austria and other parts of Europe.

Absence.

E flowers that droop, forsaken by the spring;
Ye birds that, left by summer, cease to sing;
Ye trees that fade when autumn heats remove:

Say, is not absence death to those who love? —pPoge,
IKE as the culver on the bared bough, So I, alone now left, disconsolate,
Sits mourning for the absence of her mate, Mourn to myself the absence of my love;
And in her songs sends many a wishful vow And, wandering here and there all desolate, [dove.
For his return that seems to linger late: Seek, with my plaints, to match that mournful
— Spenser,
HORT absence hurt him more,
And made his wound far greater than before;
Absence not long enough to root out quite
All love, increases love at second sight.
—Thomas May.
H Absence! by thy stern decree HAT tender strains of passion can impart
How many a heart, once light and free, The pangs of absence to an amorous heart?
Is fill’d with doubts and fears! Far, far too faint the powers of language prove —
Thy days like tedious weeks do seem, Language, that slow interpreter of love!
Thy weeks slow-moving months we deem, Souls paired like ours, like ours to union wrought,
Thy months long-lingering years. Converse by silent sympathy of thought.
i, —F. T. Watson, —Pattison, é
8

a . ay

gre
SA

a

2 cat
a
Jk

Qarrvow,

Achillea millefolium. Natura Orver: Composite —Aster Family.

Se; ASTURES and old fields throughout the Northern States are
the favorite haunts of the Yarrow. The stem is about a foot
high. The foliage is cut or parted into numerous divisions,
thereby giving it the name of Milfoil, from the Latin mille
. folia, signifying a thousand leaves. Achilles was said to
‘a whe have discovered its medicinal properties while studying bot-

honored with his name. The flowers are white or rose-colored, and
bloom in flat-topped corymbs from June to autumn. The whole plant
has a pungent taste and aromatic odor. A. ptarmica (from the Greek
Ptairein, to sneeze), or Sneezewort, is another variety, run wild in
many places, but also sometimes cultivated in gardens.

ar.

liv death more cruel from a private dagger
Than in the field, from murdering swords of thousands?

Or does the number slain make slaughter glorious?
—Cibber.

WO troops in fair array one moment show’d,

The next, a field with fallen bodies strow’d:
Not half the number in ther seats are found,
But men and steeds lie groveling on the ground.
The points of spears are stuck within the shield,

Ty WAS blow for blow, disputing inch by inch,
For one would not retreat, nor t’ other flinch.

War, my lord, A few dull years in peace and propagation,
Is of eternal use to human kind; The world is overstock'd with fools, and wants
For ever and anon, when you have pass’d A pestilence, at least, if not a hero. —Feffery.
H* is unwise that to a market goes,
Where there is nothing to be sold but blows.
—Aleyn. é
323 “Xt

The steeds without their riders scour the field.
The knights unhorsed, on foot renew the fight;
The glittering falchions cast a gleaming light,
Hauberks and helms are hew’d with many a wound,

Out spins the streaming blood, and dyes the ground.
—Dryden,

—Byron.

a
i

CN
Crees

| Yew,

Carus baccata. Nartrurat Orver: JZaxacee— Yew Family.

.
F Fa . European Yew is a tree of low stature. Associated, as it
4) nearly always is, with the burial places of the dead, it |
» has among all nations become an acknowledged emblem
’ of sorrow. Either through the nourishment ‘of the soil be-
coming wholly exhausted, or because of the shadow cast by its
foliage, little if anything grows beneath its shade; and an old idea is,
that to sleep beneath its branches benumbs or stupefies the brain. The
Latin synonym is derived from the original Greek name ¢axos. On
account of its pernicious qualities the ancient poets, as Ovid, Silius and
Lucanus, considered it the “tree of the infernal regions.” There are
some fifty species scattered throughout the temperate zone, several of
them being mere shrubs. The Dwarf Yew, or Ground Hemlock, is
found in Canada and our Northern States, inhabiting a rocky soil and shady,
cool places, where it grows to a height of about three feet. It produces a small,
red, waxy-looking berry, open at the top, which surrounds a single black seed.

Sorrow,

AST sorrows, let us mod’rately lament them;

For those to come, seek wisely to prevent them.
—Webster.

NE fire burns out another’s burning; One desp’rate grief cure with another’s languish;
One pain is lessen’d by another’s anguish; Take thou some new infection to the eye,

Turn giddy, and be help’d by backward turning; And the rank poison of the old will die.

: : — Shakespeare.
T breathes no sigh, it sheds no tear,

Yet it consumes the heart. —,sheridan.

MAZ’D he stands, nor voice nor body stirs; Oppress’d with grief, his passion had no bound;
Words had no passage, tears no issue found; Striving to tell his woes, words would not come;
For sorrow shut up words, wrath kept in tears; For light cares speak when mighty griefs are dumb.

Confused effects each other do confound: Danial.

ee good are better made by ill;
And odors crushed are sweeter still!

i \ on —Rogers.

ey
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2A eh S

Qucca,

Ducea filamentoga. Naturat Orper: Liliacee—Lily Family.

name of this plant, which compares not unfavorably with
the Aloe among foliage plants. The leaves are stiff and
sharp-pointed, forming a mass some two or three feet broad,
and even more in old plants. There are six or seven species

or individual plants, differing somewhat in their style of
° foliage, yet with a strong similarity noticeable in them all.
They do not bloom until quite large, when a tall stem rises from the
’ center, from three to four feet high, sometimes producing from “two
to four hundred bell-shaped florets.” All the species are natives of the
Southern States, and each and all make a fine and imposing appear-
ance in the garden or on the lawn. The Yucca filamentosa has long
threads trailing from the margins of the sharp-pointed, leaves, whence
it is sometimes called Adam and Eve’s Needle and Thread.

Authority,

MAN in authority is but as
A candle in the wind, sooner wasted

Or blown out than under a bushel.
—Beaumont and Fletcher.

OT from gray hairs authority doth flow, E doth not nicely prank "
Nor from bald heads, nor from a wrinkled brow; In clinquant pomp, as some of meanest rank,
But our past life, when virtuously spent, But armed in steel; that bright habiliment
Must to our age those happy fruits present. Is his rich valor’s sole rich ornament.
—Denham. — Foshua Sylvester.
|F pecusoatns in my name And let you through to mercy. Ye shall fall

Take courage, O thou woman! man, take hope! No more, within that Eden, nor pass out
Your graves shall be as smooth as Eden’s sward, Any more from it. Live and love,—
Beneath the steps of your prospective thoughts; Doing both nobly, because lowlily!
And one step past them, a new Eden gate Live and work,—strongly, because patiently!
\ Shall open on a hinge of harmony, —Mrs. Browning.

sinh SD

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FAinnia,

Zinnia elegans. Naturar Orver: Composite—Aster Family.

/ INNIA was named in honor of John Godfrey Zinn, a Ger-
man botanist who flourished in 1757, when the science was
in its infancy. In the cultivated plant of today can hardly
be recognized the primitive flower found in the fields and
roadsides of the Southern States, which, even in its simplest
form, has been considered handsome. Formerly the blossom
was only scarlet, and single; but care in propagation has doubled it
g2. to the center, and it has sported into hues many, rich and varied.
p “The flower perishes slowly without closing its petals, losing its
yx bright tints and assuming more sobriety as its days are numbered.

Shoughts in Absencg.

[ OVE reckons hours for months, and days for years;

And every little absence is an age. —Dryden.

HAT shall I do with all the days and hours TELL him I have sat these three long hours
That must be counted ere I see thy face? Counting the weary beatings of the clock,
How shall I charm the interval that lowers Which slowly portion’d out the promis’d time

Between this time and that sweet time of grace? That brought him not to bless me with his sight!

—Frances Anne Kemble. —Foanna Baillie.

WEPT thy absence, o’er and o’er again,
Thinking of thee, still thee, till thought grew pain,
And memory, like a drop that night and day
Falls cold and ceaseless, wore my heart away!
—Moore.
ALL thou me home! from thee apart HERE’S not an hour
Faintly and low my pulses beat,
As if the life-blood of my heart
Within thine own heart holds its seat, And not a flower that sleeps beneath the moon

Of day or dreaming night but I am with thee;
There ’s not a wind but whispers of thy name,

And floweth only where thou art. But in its hues or fragrance tells « tale
—Mrs, E. Oaks Smith. OF thee. —Proctor,

326

PART II.

Cultivation and Analysis of Plants.

ner a)

Van
os er

7 WE hand that made such bountiful provision for the body,

was not unmindful of the esthetical cravings of the
.., higher nature of man, so He hath filled the air with
WW) bird-music for the delight of the ear, and hath planted
y the fields and hung the boughs with blossoms that paint
| themselves in a multiplicity of hues for the gratification
aap of the eye. The two latter we gather around us in

our homes, and the songsters sing their sweetest strains

regardless of the prison bars, while the flowers, during
their short lives, yield both beauty and fragrance from
their fragile bells as a reward to the hand that careth for and cherisheth them. All
the world love flowers, and are all the better for that love, for the soul is refreshed
while the eye is pleased with their contemplation. Children delight in them; by
them young men and maidens interchange compliments; and to the aged they speak
of a beautiful home beyond the tomb. The wealthy pride themselves on their con-
servatories and flower-bedecked lawns; people in the middle walks of life like to have
a few in their windows or on a stand devoted to the purpose; and even the dingy
cottages of the poor are not infrequently adorned with at least a single plant, often
the only link apparently that binds the inmates to the beautiful.

Having devoted a very considerable space to the Language and Poetry of Flowers,
the author has thought that some practical information, drawn mainly from her own
experience, in relation to the care and cultivation of plants, would prove a useful
addition to the work. For however one may admire flowers, through a mere natural
impulse or instinct, the cultivation of them requires taste, tact, patience and much pains-
taking attention. And even these qualities, to be only measurably successful, demand
a solid substructure of information in regard to the wants, peculiarities and habits of
plants. It will, however, be remembered by every thoughtful reader that. there are

but few things in this world worth knowing that do not require much patient atten-

329

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CULTIVATION AND ANALYSIS OF PLANTS.

tion; and the amateur culturist must therefore not be discouraged. Few studies will
better repay one than floriculture, in the charms of the gentle, peaceful influence

which it throws around the human soul. In the language of the poet Wordsworth,

He is happiest who hath power
To gather wisdom from a flower,
And wake his heart in every hour
To pleasant gratitude.

Leaving poetry and the fascinations of flowers, we now propose to descend to the
more material and coarser elements that underlie the growth of plants; and “to begin
with the beginning,” or where the flowers begin, it becomes our duty to unfold what

is required, in the way of soil, water, etc., for the practical culture of flowers.

SOILS,

IRST comes Loam, which plays so important a part in all vegeta-
~ tion, and which is described as a mixture of sand, clay and carbonate
’ of lime, with the oxide of iron, magnesia.and various salts, also decayed
vegetable and animal matter. It varies in different localities in regard
to depth as well as quality. In some places it is brown, and in others
nearly or quite black, particularly in the West, where in the bottom lands
of the Missouri it is sometimes found more than thirty feet deep, as
wells of that depth have failed to reach its bottom. If it is stiff and heavy,
the clay predominates; in which case for flower-beds, and indeed for farming pur-
poses also, it would be improved if a moderate proportion of sand or stable-
manure were well worked through it to make it more porous and, as gardeners
say, warmer; for, if the soil is too cold and retentive of water, plants do not thrive.
Sand is a very useful material in plant-growing, especially in greenhouse and window
culture; and, while it contains no nutriment, it is sometimes used to grow some kinds of
bulbs, to start slips, and, as has been said, to make soil more porous. Its uses are to make
lighter the soil with which it is mixed, so that the delicate roots can feel their way through
it; to draw the heat from the atmosphere; and to act as drainage, so that the soil will not
sour. Silver sand is the most recommended, as it is a little coarser and sharper, as well
as cleaner; but as this is only found in certain localities, other or common sand can be
used as a substitute. It should be rather coarse, and from the surface when possible, if
for immediate use, as it will then have been improved by the action of the air. It is also
benefited by washing, which can be done by putting a quantity in a tub, pouring water
upon it, stirring with a stick, and then pouring off the water. The admixture with loam is
sometimes one part sand to three or five of the other, according to the plants grown.
Leaf-Mold is one of the most delightful soils for many plants, and it is very highly’
prized by all who occupy themselves with their cultivation, Leaves are frequently gath-

330

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PRACTICAL FLORICULTURE.

ered into pits after they fall by the action of frost, and left until they decay; but the
mold is found more abundantly in the woods, particularly in hollows where the winter’s
wind has drifted the leaves, and where they lie in the damp and perish. Only think of
gathering into a flower-pot, to nourish a new plant, what has been the shade of perhaps a
hundred years, with all its vanished glories of crimson and gold!

Turf, or grass-sods, is another article much recommended for potting plants, and
should be cut about three inches thick. This of course must have time given it to rot
before it is fit for use. Spring or summer is the best time for cutting, when the grass is
growing, as there is more nutriment in it. The sods should be packed in a heap, the
grassy surfaces toward each other. In this state fermentation commences, and the vege-
table portions decay. When this process begins, the heap should be turned and stirred
repeatedly with a fork, until it finally becomes a pulverized or crumbled mass. It may
then be mixed with about an equal proportion of manure and of leaf-mold, when it is fit
for growing most kinds of plants.

Peat is a soil of vegetable origin, found mostly in low lands, especially in swamps or
what are known as bogs. It is a black mold consisting of roots, wood and kindred sub-
stances in an entirely decomposed condition, or undergoing the process of decay, and is
more or less saturated with water. Some few plants, like the Venus’s Flytrap, Pitcher
Plant, Heath, and many varieties of Ferns and young Azaleas, require this soil in its
normal condition or slightly mixed with sand; or, what is still better, as well as more
definite, a soil composed of four parts peat, two of sand, one of garden-loam, and one
of leaf-mold. In the greenhouse and hothouse it is mixed in smaller proportions for
numerous plants.

MANURES.

Manure should be entirely decomposed, and from two to three years old, and if
still older it will be all the better. Cow-manure is far superior for most uses, as it is finer
and a more gentle stimulant. The coarser manure from the stables answers well for cov-
ering flower-beds in fall and putting around shrubs to keep them from frost, roses rejoicing
particularly in its great strength. In using any solid manure for the stimulation of plant
growth, especial care should be taken to incorporate it thoroughly with the various other
elements of the prepared soil. Manure-water is prepared by placing the manure in a tub
or other vessel and pouring boiling water thereon. After letting it stand until it cools, it
can be drawn off for use, reducing its strength by the admixture of two parts pure water
to one of manure-water; it is better to apply it “weak and often.” Manure-water, or
liquid manure, may be made from most of the domestic manures or cattle-droppings, as
well as from guano, phosphate of lime, etc. Sheep-droppings also produce excellent
liquid manure for many plants.

It may seem troublesome to think of using so many ingredients for the cultivation of
flowers, but they are necessary to form the different requisites for various plants if one
proposes to keep many. Country amateurs can find most of them close at hand; and
persons living in the city, if they keep only a few plants, will find it more convenient to
go to some florist and purchase a sufficient quantity already prepared, always naming
the plants they wish to raise, The florist’s experience is of great value to the amateur,

331

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CULTIVATION AND ANALYSIS OF PLANTS.

FLROWHR-BEHEDS.

-,ONSIDERABLE care should be exercised in the preparation of
x” flower-beds, after which they will give less trouble, and will last for
many years with a little addition of manure every fall or spring.
They may be various in shape—either round, triangular, palm-leaf
or stars—or several of one shape with grass or paths between, grouped
or massed together. They should be dug to the depth of at least a
foot, and deeper if the natural soil is stiff or heavy. If the soil is poor, it would
be advisable to remove it entirely and supply its place with better. If the
drainage is bad—a wet soil, for instance—the surface earth that has been
loosened for the bed should be thrown aside, and two or three inches of gravel,
coal cinders or what is still better, some long straw manure or brush, be placed
in the bottom, the soil thrown in again, manured if necessary, the lumps well
beaten out, and the bed raked fine and even. After this it will require only to be well
stirred with a digging-fork every spring to loosen it up a little. It is better in low
situations that the beds should lie a little above the surrounding surface; but in high, dry
lawns exposed to the wind, it is well to have them a little lower, the edges being trimmed as
frequently as may be required; or, if surrounded by gravel walks, a border of close-cut
grass is very neat as marking the outlines of the bed. In some parts of California flower-
beds are well rolled down, to pack the surface, so as to give off less evaporation during
the months of drouth. The terra cotta manufactured for the purpose, as well as tiles,
bricks standing on end and touching sides, or thin, flat stones set in the same manner, are
sometimes used to preserve beds from the encroachments of grass.

FLOWER-BEDS IN RELATION TO SYMMETRY AND COLOR.

In arranging flower-beds, some attention should be paid to the effect different plants
will produce when brought together. The taller ones should go to the center, and the
lower growing and prostrate ones toward the margins, so that one will not hide another.
The same rule applies to straight borders of walks, the taller ones going back against the
grass. This is usually easy to do, as in most cases the heights of plants are given on seed
packets. For a fine display, too much forethought cannot be given to the various colors
that are to be brought in contact, as some colors, though handsome in themselves, utterly
destroy the beauty of each other. For instance, scarlet and purple and some shades of
blue do not affiliate at all, and are what are called antagonistic colors. We will fill an
imaginary bed with Verbenas of inharmonious tints if put together wrongfully, but very
pleasing and harmonious if rightly placed. Our stock consists of a dozen plants each of
scarlet, purple, pink or rose color, and white. Placing the scarlet at one angle of the bed,
we arrange next to it the pure white, that harmonizes everything in color and reconciles
natural antagonism; adjoining it we plant our purples, and then our rose-tint—-and how
happily the two latter combine! The pale tints of all colors are more easy of assimilation
than the deep ones, but what richness and depth of tone there is in some of the darker

ones! For display-beds cut in the lawn or grass-plats, masses of one color for each bed,
or at most two complementary colors, produce the finest effect.

332

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; PRACTICAL FLORICULTURE. i

In order to determine in a ready and simple way which colors will be best alongside
of each other, either in beds of flowers or in bouquets, place a sheet of white paper so
that the eye can be suddenly cast upon it; then gaze steadily upon the flower or leaves that
it may be wished to plant or arrange so as to harmonize or form a good juxtaposition ;
after gazing two or three minutes, suddenly cast the eye on the white paper, and the color
will be seen that will be best to place near whatever has been looked at.

DEFORMITIES CONCEALED.

About many neat and even handsome homes there are oftentimes dilapidated buildings,
sheds or fences that may be hidden out of sight and transformed into things of beauty, at
least during the summer season, by the use of some perennial climbing plants. The
Ampelopsis quinquefolia, Celastrus scandens, Clematis virginiana, Tecoma radicans and
others of the same character (see Climbing Plants, P- 393), will serve this purpose.

Many of the annual climbers can also be used to good advantage. The Echino-
cystis lobata, or Wild Cucumber, is a rapid and luxuriant grower, and has the further
advantage, not common among climbers, of long racemes of sweet-scented flowers. A
singleplant will sometimes cover a good-sized building in a season. The Ricinus com-
munis, or Castor-oil Plant, though not a climber, is often used for this purpose in orna-
mental grounds, its large and abundant peltate foliage forming an excellent screen. The
Helianthus annuus, or common’ Sunflower, and the allied species, Helianthus tuberosus, or
Jerusalem Artichoke, will also serve the same useful purpose in an effective manner.

PROPAGATING PLANTS.

ATURALLY some amateur culturists will have occasion to use one
or more of the simpler methods of propagating plants, which are
on that account here subjoined.

SOWING SEEDS.

In sowing seeds, some thought should be had for their size and construction.
Small ones, as the Portulaca and Petunia, it is quite sufficient to scatter on the
ground, and, rubbing the hand gently over the surface, mix them with the soil.
For others it is well to mix them with some finely pulverized earth, and sow
both together. Larger seeds, like Sweet Peas, Four-o’clocks, Beans, and
various others, require planting, a process which is different from sowing, inasmuch as
the seeds are placed in the earth, in proportion to their size, from one to two or more
inches apart; and none should be embedded deeper than five times its own diameter. The
outer or whitish shell of the Nasturtium, and of some others that have a double shell,
should be removed with the thumb-nail or a knife. Some flat seeds, like the Cobea,
should be put in the ground edgewise, to prevent decay. The cottony substance around
i the Globe Amaranth seeds should be picked off for the same reason. Very hard seeds, Mi

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CULTIVATION AND ANALYSIS OF PLANTS. it

like the Acacia and Sweet Peas, should be soaked in hot water, as also the Cypress Vine
and Verbena seeds. Verbena seed should be pushed lengthwise into the soil, a little
more than its own length. Evening or just before a shower is the best time for sowing
seed; a heavy rain would be apt to wash small ones away. As soon as the seeds are sown,
a piece of old carpet or other heavy cloth spread over them, secured from blowing away,
is a necessity for successful raising, to insure uniform temperature and moisture; and this
covering should be retained until the seeds have sprouted. After the plants are up, or
when the carpet is removed, they must be shaded with thin muslin or white paper. They
should be sprinkled with a watering-pot that has a fine rose-spout, or, in the absence
of such an article, a small clothes-broom dipped in water answers the purpose very well.

As some small seeds produce plants disproportionately large— as, for instance, Mign-
onette, Sweet Alyssum, Petunia, Portulaca and numberless others—they should be
thinned out as soon as the plants are sufficiently established, leaving always the best. If
it is desired to transplant any of them to another place, it will be well if some earth be
taken up with them. Certain plants transplant badly, and should be sown where they are :
to grow; and we believe that where such directions are found on seed packets, it is an
indication of their delicacy on that point.

CUTTINGS OR SLIPS.

Slips or cuttings, as the latter name indicates, are pieces cut from the branches of
growing plants, and should rarely have less than three joints. The old and careful man-
ner of cutting immediately under a joint, is the best, though many plants will succeed
where this precaution is neglected. The leaves adhering to the joints are generally short-
ened, that is, cut short, to save unnecessary waste of vital force. Cuttings may be inserted
in clean, coarse sand, powdered charcoal, coarse brickdust, or clear sawdust, and in pots,
boxes or beds, in or out of doors in summer, but within doors only and in a warm, moist
atmosphere, in winter.

Some cuttings, as most of the Geranium Family, as well as the fleshy and succulent
plants, as the Cactuses, will strike readily in almost anything out of doors, from May to
September. Soft-wooded cuttings of Oleander will strike in bottles of water; and similar
cuttings of Verbenas, Heliotropes, Petunias and many others, will take root in dishes of
sand and water, care being taken not to allow the sand to become entirely dry.

Rose cuttings should be made of shoots that are about half ripe, that is, half way
between soft vegetable matter and hard wood, cut into lengths of three joints or leaves,
entirely removing the lower leaf. An even temperature and a warm, moist situation are
demanded by rose cuttings, while careful shading from excessive heat is equally indis-
pensable. Leaves of Begonias, Hoyas and some other plants, will strike root and form
new growths if rightly cared for.

In transplanting cuttings after they have rooted, the particles of matter that adhere to
the rootlets should be flirted, filliped or washed off before placing them in their new

homes.
, LAYERING.

As a rule'this process of propagation is mostly had recourse to early in August, and is
accomplished thus: A shoot of the current year’s growth should be taken and cut about

334 a

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PRACTICAL FLORICULTURE.

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half through near a joint, when it should be laid down in the soil and covered over with
moss, manure or other substance that will retain moisture around the incision; and the
head or end of the shoot should be left uncovered. Many ornamental shrubs, such as
Snowballs, Tree Cranberries and the like, can be raised only in this manner or from seeds.

OFFSHOOTS.

These form a natural kind of layering, where the plant sends forth a horizontal, under-
ground stem or shoot, which needs but to be cut off from the parent stem at the proper
season, to constitute an entirely distinct plant. They are nearly similar in character and
appearance to the familiar above-ground runners of the strawberry and many other like
plants.

BULBS.

Bulbs are mostly increased by offsets or bulblets formed on the sides of the previous
growth, and generally require two or more years before they bloom. All bulbs require a
peculiarly rich, deep soil, and plenty of liquid manure while in a growing state. They
are best kept in a bed or box by themselves to facilitate the extra attention necessary to
develop a strong, healthy growth.

POTTING PLANTS.

ANY persons dread the performance of this simple part of flori-
3 culture, which is not at all difficult unless the plant is too heavy or
unwieldy. First, there should be in readiness some broken
potsherds, bits of charcoal, or the like, for drainage, and the extra
, soil for the larger pot to which the transfer is to be made. This soil
should be thoroughly damp—not wet and muddy, but so as to sift
nicely from the hand. The articles for drainage should be placed

half inch of moss if convenient, after which the whole should be covered over
with a layer of the earth prepared as above. The plant to be transferred is
supposed to have been watered some hours before, so that the earth will not
crumble away from and tear the roots. The right hand, with the palm down-
ward, should be placed over the surface of the ball of earth surrounding the plant,
so that two fingers will be on each side of the stem; then pot and plant should be lifted
bottom upward with the left hand, and the pot gently struck against the edge of a table,
when it will ordinarily come off nicely. Should it, however, prove rootbound (that is,
with the roots so crowded as to adhere to the sides of the pot), a few stronger blows will
cause it to relinquish its hold. The young rootlets, if fresh and healthy, should not be
disturbed; if dead—as will sometimes be the case from having been either too wet or too
dry— they should be cut off, as they would be an unwholesome element in the pot, and
would have a.tendency to prevent the growth of new and healthy ones. The large or
broken roots necessary to be removed should be cut smoothly with a sharp knife. ‘i

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CULTIVATION AND ANALYSIS OF PLANTS.

With very large plants that are too weighty to lift in the hands, by putting a thick
bandage around their stems or trunks to keep the bark from being bruised, a rope can
be attached with a loop or loops through which a stout stick can be slipped, when it can
be lifted, and the ends of the stick be rested on something of sufficient height, and the
pot or tub driven off. This process generally requires assistance; but if alone, and we can
at all raise the plant, and the spirit moves us then and there to make the change, we fre-
quently settle the matter by a few energetic blows with a hammer, which leaves us with a
broken pot and our plant free for its new home. In repotting such, care should be used in
straightening out the roots as far as possible in various directions, to prevent matting, sup-
porting the plant during the operation, and sifting the soil in carefully and evenly. If the
plant has matted its roots, it is sometimes best to cut off clean with a sharp knife the ball
of earth and such rootlets as it may contain, about an inch or more from the bottom. If
the ball is found very dry, it will be advisable to soak it in a pail of water until it becomes
thoroughly saturated, when it should be laid aside for a few minutes to drain before being
repotted.

The plant thus removed, with its ball of earth, should be gently set down in its new
receptacle; and, if found to stand too high or too low, earth must be removed or added,
until the surface is within about an inch of the edge of the pot, and carefully pressed down
around the plant to secure it in its place, in an erect position. It should then be watered
and set back a little from the light, and again watered about the second or third day,
or sooner if it begins to wilt, but sparingly at first. If the soil keeps moist after the first
watering, the plant should have its leaves carefully damped two or three times each day,
but on no account should water be put on the soil until it gets partially dry. This delay
is to allow new roots a chance to start. If a plant is slow to start, it should be placed on
a board, under which a hot brick, or a pan of boiling water, changed two or three times
daily, has been set. Plants should be guarded against drying winds and the heat of the
sun for a few days, until the roots shall have established themselves in their new quarters.

After removal the foliage will generally fall, but only to be replaced by such as will
be healthier and more pleasing to the eye. Sometimes our greatest expectations will
provokingly disappoint us, but a true lover of flowers will not be discouraged thereby.

Sometimes plants have to undergo the process of being potted backward, as it is called.
This is when they are weak, diseased, or refuse to bloom when they have too much root-

room. In this case the plant is removed as before, and the ball nicely and evenly trimmed
and pressed into a smaller pot.

When soil is exhausted, or becomes filled with vermin, it many times benefits a plant
to wash the earth entirely from the roots, which should be done gently so as not to injure
the young and tender rootlets.

We have frequently had admirable and unexpected success with hothouse plants in our
ordinary living room, where there was no moisture except what evaporated from the
earth in the pots, with an occasional pan of water set upon the stove in winter. One or
more pans of water, according to the size of the collection, placed near the plants in a
hot, dry room, will facilitate the growth; but ordinarily, damping the leaves and keeping
them clean will prove sufficient; and this much at least should always be done. We men-
tion this, as many think the raising of a plant from the hothouse an impossibility.

336

: PRACTICAL FLORICULTURE.

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Hothouses are usually built low, so as to be kept ‘at a higher temperature, and water is
used so freely that there is a great deal of moisture in the atmosphere, which helps the
plants to a growth something approaching what they would have in their tropical homes.
When we enter these low-built houses, the plants are so seductive, either through their
gorgeous blossoms or ample and variegated foliage, that we can rarely resist the tempta-
tion of carrying away one or two trophies, while knowing that we cannot expect them
to thrive quite so well when reduced from their high diet, as it were; but yet we find they
do well enough not to entirely discourage us. A few failures make more lasting impres-
sions than constant and complete success; and if we study out the causes of those failures,
the lessons will not be too dearly bought.

anything else; for if too much water is given, it is worse than giving
too little. Many inexperienced cultivators have an idea that to be
S\ us, told to give a plant plenty of moisture means to keep it wet and
Y cold all the time. For an intelligent discrimination in this regard,
it is of the first necessity to understand the native seat and habits of
wv the plant. The Fuchsia, for instance, is a native of Brazil on its mountain
- slopes, and is accustomed to a moist atmosphere that never becomes stagnant.
4 Like conditions must as nearly as possible be artificially secured in our latitudes;
it must therefore have plenty of moisture and be guarded from strong sunlight.
The Calla Lily needs a large quantity of water (in fact, will grow in water) up
to the time of flowering; after which it is better to put it in a bed or border to
get a season’s rest, depending upon the clouds for its supplies. Begonias and Ferns need
plenty of moisture, but abhor stagnation; and it is better to syringe water over the leaves
than to be constantly drenching the soil around the roots.

A good thing for the plants is to let them occasionally go dry at the roots. This is
nature’s remedy, for even in the wettest climates there are some dry periods. No plant
should be allowed to drop its leaves for want of water; a watchful eye can do more than
set rules in the proper watering of plants. If the leaves droop, unless in newly potted
plants, water is called for, and should be applied to root and leaf. The ear can also be
utilized: a knock on the side of a pot will disclose the need of water by the hollow sound
emitted, while a dull, heavy tone shows there is already water enough.

If the soil remains wet a long time in a pot or box, which is technically styled “ water-
logging,” some means to dry it should be devised, as boring holes in the box, placing the
pot on a warm stove, or on its side to drain, or the like. The smaller the pot or box,
the more watering the plant requires, all things else being equal.

All succulent or thick-leaved plants, after they have made their season’s growth, may
be put away for rest, and be left without injury, and even to advantage, for many months,
ly deprived of water, in a dry place, which, however, should be kept free from frost. !

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CULTIVATION AND ANALYSIS OF PLANTS,

PRUNING PLANTS.

NDER the three terms, Pruning, Cutting Back and Pinching,
are understood only different degrees or forms of the same process.

and the cutting back is mainly applied to the pruning off of all dead
wood back to the quick, or the restoring of a plant or shrub to its
proper shape when it has grown misshapen by neglect. Pruning is best
done in the late fall or early spring, while the sap is at rest; it consists in
removing the useless, thin, poor shoots of the previous growth. But little
pruning would be needed in amateur culture if the finger and thumb, under
the guidance of a watchful eye, were used freely in removing, by what is
technically called pinching, all poor growths while the shoots are soft and
green.

oN INSECTS.

are in a slow state of growth, or that are suffered to become dirty.
Besides their destructiveness, they render plants untidy and soiled;
and where they become epidemic, as it were, they render them dis-
gusting. It is only idleness or ignorance that allows insects to injure
plants; and those having only a few in pots have no excuse for being
troubled with them. Cleanliness is nature’s great remedy. When
Va they make their first appearance, the whole plant should be washed with soapy
water, and afterward dipped two or three times into a tub or pail of Clean water.
This simple process, repeated whenever necessary, will keep a large majority
_ of plants free from the insect nuisance.

FOLIAGE INSECTS.

Aphis Ros#.—This insect, known also as the green-fly, is one of the most common
of plant insects, and is so named by reason of its fondness for the tender shoots of all species
of roses, Still it is not at all particular as to diet, and feeds promiscuously on almost
any plant upon which it finds lodgment, except perhaps such strongly scented ones as
some kinds of the Geranium. Taken singly, it is not at all repulsive, being in color the
most delicate, transparent green, and frequently with beautiful gossamer wings, and has,
for such a small creature, a firm and stately walk. Collectively their destruction is great,
as all the juice of the plant is absorbed to satisfy their insatiable appetite. With watch-
fulness this plague may be kept down in small collections. Fumigation is the best remedy
for them, and this operation may be performed either in a room, close box or barrel,
by placing damp tobacco-stems or leaves on some coals, in some kind of fire-proof vessel,
and care being taken that they do not blaze. Most rough-leaved plants cannot endure
fumigations, and are, in greenhouses, put under the staging when this work is going on.

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iN PRACTICAL FLORICULTURE. ‘

Thrips.—These are small, spotted flies related to the aphéde, and found on the backs
of the leaves, though they will attach themselves to any portion of a neglected or unhealthy
plant. They are not quite so easily got rid of as the green-fly, but washing the plant in
tobacco-water, and afterward in clean water, will drive them off. The best remedy is a
solution of Gishurst’s Compound, a kind of soap sold by first-class seedsmen. This will
not only destroy these insects, but most others. The scaly bugs cannot withstand it, and -
angleworms will die if it drops upon them. It also acts as a stimulant to plants, and is
not enough known to amateurs in this country.

Red Spider, so called, known by its classic name as Acarus, is an insidious enemy to
plants. It is a minute insect, but capable of producing considerable destruction, as it
feeds on the most delicate parts of the leaves, causing them to soon perish. It is about
the size of the eye of a fine cambric needle. The body is usually red, though sometimes
brown. They congregate on the under sides of the leaves in great numbers, where they
feed like a herd of cattle on a broad plain.

When a plant is suspected of being infested, or if the leaves perish and no other cause
is known, a leaf may be turned over on the finger, and held so until the warmth passes
through it, when, if there are any, they will be seen like mere specks of dust beginning
.to show powers of locomotion. The fine webs created by this small, insignificant
creature, clog and impair the functions of the foliage, which are really the lungs
of the plant. Dryness of the atmosphere is very favorable to the existence of this
insect, and, as it has a repugnance to water, sprinkling, syringing or pinning wet cloths or
papers around individual plants at night, is the remedy. A very good preventive is to
keep a pan of water on the stove in winter, as it gives off a vapor to the atmosphere. A
little flour of sulphur sprinkled on a heated brick or flat-iron, placed where the fumes can
rise up among the leaves of the plants, is also an excellent remedy.

Mealy Bug.—This is an entirely innocent looking insect, but yet at times exceedingly
troublesome where plants are kept at a high temperature, and is consequently found more
frequently in a hothouse, from whence it is many times transferred to the greenhouse.
It is a small, oval insect about an eighth of an inch in length, with a slightly rounded
back that is covered over with a short, white plush; the body underneath is brownish in
color, and from the sides articulate several tiny legs. It more often rests at the axils of
the leaves, yet many times underneath them. Where they accumulate to a great extent,
whale-oil soapsuds is efficacious, or they can be brushed off with a small brush.

We have never had them to any great extent, and our method is to lift them off with
a needle, as bruising them on the plant is said to be injurious on account of the juice that
escapes. The eggs are deposited in little, white, webby knots, and left by the parent on
various parts of the plant. Under the microscope, when torn asunder with two pins or
needles, so as not to crush them, there are revealed several brown eggs—some half a
dozen, or less.

Coceus.—There are several kinds of insects known under this Latin name, that in our
vernacular are called scales, being in color either brown or white. They are a rounded
oval, their encasement being a glossy, tough skin or shell. They adhere closely to the
leaves or stem on which they feed, and are not easy to dislodge. As far as our own expe-
rience and observation go, we find the young to be migratory, but probably not for any i

339

: CULTIVATION AND ANALYSIS OF PLANTS.

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Cha els.

great length of time, as we find them fixed when quite small, in which condition they
feed and grow. The eggs are hatched under the parent, and in lifting a large one with a
needle it is no unusual thing to see the litter of young run about in a hurried manner at
the unwelcome disturbance. x

Washing with strong soapsuds is a remedy for this annoyance. If picked off by hand,
washing should not be neglected, as it destroys the young; fumigation will not answer
so well. We remove ‘them by running a needle through the crown of the shell,
and washing afterward. The white ones are very partial to Oleanders. They are also
fond of Olives, Camellias, Acacias, Calla Lilies, Oranges and various evergreen trees.

Verbena Mite.—This is a microscopic insect that destroys the plant for which it is
named, as also the Heliotrope and other rough-leaved plants, causing the foliage to turn
brown. It is difficult to dislodge it, as it cares but little for water, fumigations or ordinary
methods. To promote a vigorous, healthy growth of the plant is the best remedy.

Roller Caterpillar.—This insect, perhaps more commonly known as the Rose Slug,
is the larve of a moth, that makes its appearance early in May and lays its eggs on the
under side of rose leaves. These hatch out in a few days, producing the small, green
caterpillars, which at once begin to eat the leayes on the under side. Toward evening
they creep on the upper side of the leaves, where, if not disturbed, they will eat all night,
and leave the foliage as if it had been burned. With watchfulness at the proper time
they are easily got rid of by being carefully picked off and killed, and the first lot
disposed of is generally the last of them for the season. Hellebore powder or Paris green
sprinkled on the leaves when they are damp or wet will destroy them; but the safest
thing to dust upon roses is soot frem soft coal, for when it washes off it acts as a useful
stimulant. In fact, soot mixed with guano, in about equal quantities, and boiling water
poured upon them, make an excellent liquid manure for all kinds of flowers; which, when
diluted in the ratio of one part to three of clean water, may be poured over the heads of
plants, keeping them free from insects and at the same time contributing to a healthy
growth. It is not advisable to use poisonous remedies against insects; it is far better for
the plant as well as its care-taker if the latter use only the eye, the hand and the great
natural cleanser, pure water, with an occasional admixture of soap.

Rose Beetle.—This small insect derives its special name from its partiality to rose
leaves, being seldom found on any other plant. It is not very destructive or numerous,
and can be easily disposed of by keeping the plants clean and in good order. Thousands
of Roses are made unsightly or destroyed every season by insects which a little precau-
tion on the part of the cultivators, in the timely application of common remedies, might
readily have prevented.

Tobacco Worm.—This is a worm which attacks other plants besides tobacco, espe-
cially creepers, and has a special liking for the Ampelopsis or Virginia Creeper. If not
disturbed it will soon make its presence known by eating off the leaves, and even the ten-
der shoots, straight before it. It generally appears in June, and under various colors,
according to what it feeds upon. It grows to a monstrous size, being sometimes from four
to six inches long, with a formidable looking horn; and often shows fight when disturbed.
Being large, there are never very many on one vine; and they are taken off one by one
and killed. They are the larva of what is commonly known as the death’s-head moth.

340

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PRACTICAL FLORICULTURE. HN

ROOT WORMS.

The enemies to plants are not those alone that are classified as foliage insects which
feed upon stem, leaf and flower, but there are others that infest the soil and burrow among
the roots. These are the most dangerous, as they often remain hidden until the mischief
is done. They can, however, be detected by the watchful cultivator, through certain
symptoms, such as stunted or retarded growth, or continued weakness of the plant without
any apparent cause. A good general precaution is, while raking or sifting the soil, to cast
aside grubs, chrysalides and all traces of insect life.

Angleworm.—This worm, also known as the earth-worm, does far more damage by
the displacing of the earth than from any actual injury. In tunneling through the soil, in
search of nutriment, it swallows a portion of it, and this is brought to the surface and forms
what is called a worm-cast. The best way to be rid of these is to turn the ball out on the
hand, and where any are seen, seize them before they have a chance to withdraw, and pull
gently until they come out entire. Another method is to pour some weak lime-water on
the soil, when the worms will rush to the surface, where they can be destroyed. An
application of a teaspoonful of liquid ammonia in a pint of water will also force them out.

Milleped.—This is a small, glossy worm, not infrequently found in leaf-mold, decay-
ing vegetation, and occasionally also upon the collar or crown of a diseased plant. It has
a hardened or shelly covering composed of concentric rings, numerous fringe-like feet
which move in an undulatory manner, and two delicate antenne, and when touched curls
in a ring with the head inward. They are very fond of moisture, and by laying a piece
of damp moss or a folded piece of damp paper or cloth on the soil, they will congregate
under it so that they can be taken off in great numbers. Where there are many in a pot,
they granulate the soil to such an extent that plants cease to thrive. Watering with lime-
water is useful in destroying them, but a little soot mixed in the soil is still more effective.

Cut-worm.—This is a black-gray slug which generally feeds on soft, young plants in
early spring, and cuts them off about the collar, just beneath the surface of the ground.
There is no remedy for this slug but to catch and kill it. To guard a plant from its
approach, pieces of coarse cardboard, or of tin, bent into a cylinder, and embedded about
an inch in the soil, encircling the stem of the plant, constitutes a serviceable protection.
Another good way is to trap them under sods of grass turned downward; they delight to
creep under such covers, where they may be picked up every other day or so, and killed.
The cut-worm is the larve of a fly not unlike the mosquito in shape, but with a body
about an inch in length, and having long, awkward looking legs. The females have
thicker bodies than the males, and should be destroyed on sight. This pest is so numerous
some years that it destroys whole acres of herbaceous plants. Once on the coast of Gal-
way, in Ireland, the trees and shrubs in an area of many square miles dropped their leaves
through its having eaten all the young roots; but the law of nature’s compensations was
made manifest in the increased prosperity of hogs and chickens.

Wire-worm.—This is a reptile mostly met with near sloughs or damp places. It
lives upon the roots of plants, more especially of Wallflowers and Stocks, and is easily
driven out of pots or from the roots by applying a weak dilution of agua ammonia —say
a tablespoonful to a gallon of water — or by a slight admixture of soot in the soil.

=

CULTIVATION AND ANALYSIS OF PLANTS.

/ U ISEASE seldom takes hold of plants while surrounded by such
circumstances as are favorable to their full development; ordinarily
it springs from neglect, but occasionally from accidental causes,
such as deterioration of soil, overpowering by dust and dirt, overcrowd-
ing, and the like. The leaves, being the lungs of the plants, must be
sedulously guarded from becoming clogged with dust, deranged by
insects, or scorched by exceeding heat, all which are prolific sources of disease.
Everything about the roots and rootlets should be sweet—that is, free from
offensive odors—and composed of substances that are easily dissolved by rain or
water; for the rootlets, being the mouths, will refuse unwholesome food, and the
plant will soon sicken.

Mildew.—This is a fine, minute, white, fungus growth, not peculiar to plants, but
affecting them as well as other things where the conditions are favorable. It generally
arises in plants where an unequal temperature or distribution of moisture prevails in the
different parts, as when any one portion is too dry, too wet or too cold. It is most easily
removed by applying through a common pepper-box a very light dusting of flour of
sulphur on the parts affected, and prevented by maintaining equal conditions in the various
parts of the plant.

Blackrust.—This is a black, moist, fungus growth that is produced mostly by exces-
sive moisture and the absence of the necessary amount of warmth. The remedy is the
same as for mildew, with the addition of securing greater heat.

Damping Off.—This disease is mostly caused by want of air, changes of temperature,
or excessive moisture; and therefore most frequently occurs among plants, cuttings and
seedlings that are overcrowded. A little powdered, dry charcoal, or dry sand, sprinkled
in among the plants, will help to keep it down, when the diseased ones should be care-
fully removed; and, if still too crowded, even healthy ones must be sacrificed.

+ PRACTICAL PRECEPTS.

1. Syringe the leaves of plants, unless in extremely cold weather, at least once a day,
with water at the temperature of the place where they are growing; when syringing or
sprinkling in the hot sun, the plant should be shaded, otherwise the leaves will become
spotted.

2. Give plants fresh air by letting down the windows when the outside tempera-
ture is sufficiently high; at other times by opening the doors into other rooms.

3. Shield the rootlets of plants from a too close contact with the rays of the sun; as
by encircling the pot in a larger one, or by protecting the box with a detached board or
sheet of paper at some little distance, to intercept the direct heat.

4, Protect all plants from extreme changes of temperature, from drafts and puffs
of cold air.

5, Remember to give plants their needed season of rest after they have finished
flowering, by withdrawing them, with the exception of a few creepers and the like, into
the shade and withholding the wonted supply of water.

a

PRACTICAL FLORICULTURE.

6. Relieve plants by cutting off all dead flowers, leaves and branches; this will serve
to lengthen the season of bloom; but care should be taken not to allow the refuse to
accumulate on or around the pots or beds. Keep plants that tend to a straggling or spin-
dling growth, shapely and compact by cutting off all weak and misplaced shoots.

7. Relieve plants from insects as soon as detected; do not wait till tomorrow, for by
tomorrow you may have no plant worth speaking of. To keep your collection free,
examine and, if necessary, purify all new acquisitions.

8. Keep a few cups of water among house plants, to evaporate; where saucers filled
with water are used for certain plants, these cups are unnecessary.

9, Where a plant is grown with a saucer of water underneath, raise the pot above
the water by little wooden blocks or stones.

10. Keep the soil sweet by occasionally letting it goa little dry, or stirring it up
gently with a fork; a table fork will do for house plants.

11. Never throw away soot; mix it in the soil, which it will help to fertilize, while
it is very effective in driving away insects; it will also heighten and beautify the color
of all red and blue flowers.

12. Never waste soapsuds; it can be applied with advantage to all kinds of grow-
ing shrubs and plants. Even in winter it can be utilized by being poured upon a manure
or compost heap, or where plants are to grow the ensuing season.

13. Use moss freely as a topping for the soil in pots and boxes; if put on neatly it is
ornamental, besides being useful in retaining moisture and protecting the upper rootlets
until the leafage is sufficiently developed to discharge that function. Sponges may be
placed among plants and watered for the like purpose of maintaining moisture, being also
susceptible of ornamentation by sowing in them the common garden cress or canary grass.

14, Mix well all soils for plants; making of the several ingredients one homogeneous
mass, carefuily throwing out all the lumps, half-rotted bits of wood, and other refuse.

15. Protect plants against heavy drippings from houses, trees, and the like; none
will thrive under such an infliction.

16. To insure a pleasing succession of flowers in plants of the same species, select
different varieties, or set those of the same variety at different times; indeed, nature
will, unaided, secure a partial continuity, as scarcely any two will bloom at the same time.

17. Throughout the flowering season, apply alternately plenty of water and weak
liquid manure to all bulbous and free-blooming plants. Where plants grow too fast, the
temperature should be reduced.

18. In watering house plants some discretion should be used to save carpets from the
drippings; several ingenious contrivances have been devised, and they are purchasable at
seedstores; but most persons can extemporize their own.

19. Do not cut off the withering leaves of bulbous plants, but let them die or decay
naturally and fall off in due season, as while the leaves decline the sap goes back into the
bulb, replenishing its store of strength for the ensuing season.

20. Steep new pots to close the pores, but allow them to drain off before using ;
thoroughly wash old ones, and scald them to kill fungus. ;

21. In raising plants, sow the seeds unsparingly; it is easy to weed out the poor and
weakly seedlings, leaving of the strongest as many as may be desired for vigorous growth,

343

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CULTIVATION AND ANALYSIS OF PLANTS.

If it is preferred to use home-raised seed, always select from the best-shaped and prettiest-
marked flowers, designating them while yet in bloom by a system of letters or other
marks, which will indicate their character and color, written upon proper labels.

22. Accustom plants to plenty of air before permanently removing them out of doors;
or, when taken out, temporarily protect them from cold spells by frames or otherwise.

28. Do not pull up slips or cuttings to ascertain if they have rooted; this fact may be
learned without prejudice to the rooting process, by probing at their sides; and, ordinarily,
by noticing the character of the leaves — vigorous or otherwise — they shoot upward.

24. Do not paint the receptacles or surroundings of plants a green color, as it makes
the foliage look pale by contrast; and, being themselves green, any other color whatever
will produce a better effect; drab, lemon, slate or white forms a good contrast.

25. Before using tobacco-water to destroy insects on plants, ascertain its strength by
experiment on a single leaf; if too strong it will discolor the leaves and hurt the plant.

26. Put small plants in small pots, transplanting to larger ones as they increase in
size; too much room gives too much moisture, and thereby retards the healthy action of
the rootlets, which naturally seek the outside of the ball of earth to get air.

2%. Turn window plants around to the light once or twice each day; otherwise they
will grow one-sided.

28. Utilize tulip-beds and the like, after the plants have finished flowering for the
season, by sowing therein the seeds of annuals, or transplanting thither some bedding-out
plants, as Verbenas and others.

29. On the approach of a frosty night, prolong the freshness of window plants by
drawing them away from the window, or interposing some shield between them and it.

30. To protect outdoor plants and lengthen their period of blooming, on the approach
of frost use heavy coverings, as old carpets, quilts, or good, stout wrapping papers.

31. Use common clay pots for immediate contact with plants; if the glazed kinds are
desired for ornamental purposes, they should be procured large enough to admit placing
the common kinds within them.

32. Wash salt-water sand free of salt before using it around plants.

33. Keep plant soil as nearly level as possible, to insure uniformity in watering and
in applying liquid manure; the practice of piling up the soil around the stems is both
injurious and unsightly in house plants.

34. If plants need support, set the stakes firm in the soil, burning the ends slightly
where there is danger of sprouting.

35. To ripen the wood of plants, place them, after the season of flowering, on beds
of coal ashes, as a protection against worms.

36. In taking up plants in the fall, cut around the plant so as to mark out a ball a
little smaller than the intended receptacle. This should be done with a sharp knife or
spade, without reference to the rootlets that may be cut away. Thus circumscribed, it
should be allowed to remain a week or ten days before removing, keeping the ball wet
meantime, and be then transferred on something broad enough to sustain the whole ball.

37. Do not take up plants from the open ground too late in the fall for winter grow-
ing; it is better to sacrifice two or three weeks of their beauty in their old location outside
than to have miserable looking plants half the winter indoors.

Te

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PRACTICAL FLORICULTURE.

a “ay
4

38. Give fresh air freely to plants newly brought into the house, opening windows
and doors in pleasant weather for the first four or five days; the change is great to them,
and if they are neglected in this respect their leaves will turn yellow and die.

39. Remember that liquid manure is to be applied only when plants are growing;

_and that it is safest to administer it weak and often. :

40. Buy plants always from neighbors or well known growers: for the first are near
to remonstrate with and receive explanations from if anything is wrong; while the
latter will, through care for their own reputation, if for no higher reason, be likely to do
you justice.

41. Do not waste time and money on poor plants or cheap seeds; good ones will
occupy no more room, and will give much more satisfaction.

42. In house plants, pot the cuttings, slips or shoots, before the roots have grown too
large; even a single root, half an inch or an inch in length, will be sufficient to insure
success.

43. If in doubt about the treatment of a plant, study its nature, habits, and wants, as
described elsewhere.

44, In cultivating plants, be mindful of the old adage, “a stitch in time saves nine”;
and be assured that continual watchfulness is the price of the highest success.

“What landscapes I read in the primrose’s looks,
And what pictures of pebbled and minnowy brooks,
In the vetchés that tangled the shore!
Earth’s cultureless buds, to my heart ye were dear,
Ere the fever of passions, or ague of fear,
Had scathed my existence’s bloom;
Once I welcome you more, in life’s passionless stage,
With the visions of youth to re-visit my age,
And I wish you to grow on my tomb.”

—

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Gulture of Favorite Plants.

1, ,ABUPILON.

02. S 6
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Ais amma iment) ELONGING to the Mallow family, the Abutilons

are frequently called Strawberry-bells because of a
resemblance between the flowers of some of the earlier
varieties and the common strawberries. They are also
sometimes called Flowering Maples, from a similarity
in the shape of the leaves to those of the Maple. The
leaves are wonderfully varied in color and markings,
being of a bright golden yellow in some varieties, and
white mixed with yellow in others, while some few
are beautifully ornamented by green, white or yellow
blotches, constituting a sort of picturesque vegetable
mosaic. The A. Thompsonii, so called after the great
English collector of that name, who introduced the
variety from Japan, retain their bright colors and well-
defined markings during even the hottest weather. They are especially adapted to our
Southern States, where they attain immense proportions, growing from ten to fifteen feet
high and spreading laterally to a corresponding extent. They are also not inappropriate
to northern culture, through their accommodating habit, as they may be kept in an ordi-
nary cellar over winter, with occasional waterings to prevent the soil from becoming
entirely dry. The stems are slender, and those of the smaller ones can be trained to form
a pretty window-screen, or to assume an umbrella-like or other fancy shape to suit the
taste of the cultivator. They should be grown in a rich, sandy soil; and, as has been inti-
mated, they will thrive in or out of doors, though all will be the better for a partial
shading when planted outside. This can be the most easily secured by setting them to
the north of a fence, an evergreen or a shrub somewhat higher than themselves. They
make an abundance of small roots near the stem, and, being what gardeners term gross
feeders, they should have plenty of liquid manure during their season of growth and
bloom. They flower freely during the winter and spring months in about sixty degrees
of heat, and some varieties continue to flower all summer when properly cared for. In
removing Abutilons indoors on the approach of winter, from the beds or borders where
they have been resting, it is best to anticipate a little, that they may have time to make a
few rootlets in their new abode before the cold weather is fairly upon them.

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" CULTURE OF FAVORITE PLANTS.

ACHVYRANTAUS.

%) ~~ HAFF-FLOWER is the significance of this name, which is derived
®" from the Greek, and has been given to this plant because of the
chaff-like appearance of its blossoms. The plant is one of the most
attractive of the well known Amaranth family, and is beginning to
be perhaps better known as the Iresine. Under whatever name, it is
in all its varieties a very pretty, desirable and easily cultivated garden
“or house plant. The beauty of its varied foliage will enhance the attractiveness
of the best collection. It will grow in any common garden soil, in an atmos-
phere ranging from fifty to seventy-five degrees, the latter grade being abso-
lutely necessary for a rapid growth. A few of the bright-colored varieties, as
the A. Lindenii, with its long, pointed leaves, are always conspicuous among a
collection of window-plants, the bright red foliage contrasting admirably with
the surroundings, and producing almost the effect of flowers among the green leaves of
the other plants. The varieties known as Gilsonii and Aureus Reticulatus have rounded
leaves, the latter being also conspicuous for their gold and crimson web-like markings;
while-the former are generally an intense crimson, but with weakening shades down to a
salmon color. They form an effective ornament when introduced among Rose Geraniums
or other like green foliage plants; and can be -planted so as to assume any shape to suit
the taste of the cultivator, as a circle around other plants, a cross or heart in the midst of
others, and the like. They can be easily kept from straggling by pinching back with the
finger and thumb, and thus maintained for a whole season in the shape it was originally
designed they should present. For winter plants, a few cuttings should be taken in July,
and put aside in a shady place, either in sand or common soil, where, if well watered, they
will strike root in from ten days to two weeks, when they can be potted for use. These
new plants will prove far superior to the old ones.

AGAPANTHUS.

NE among the Liliaceous plants, to which order it belongs, is more
picturesquely beautiful, perhaps, than this pretty azure-blossomed
flower. The name signifies, in the original Greek, a love-flower,
and the plant is sometimes called in our vernacular the African blue
lily. It is a very ornamental plant for the parlor, the outdoor
pedestal or tree-stump, and, indeed, will show itself to advantage
. anywhere. Its long, graceful leaves, curving to either side of the bulb, make
it attractive even when not in bloom. From among the leaves it shoots upward,
to a height of from eighteen inches to three feet, one or two stout flower-
stalks, which are crowned with a mass of azure flowers, springing from and
surrounding a common center like an umbrella, whence the epithet umbellatus.
The bulbs are among the class known as Cape bulbs, because originally introduced from
\ the Cape of Good Hope. They require a liberal allowance of pot room, as they send

347

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CULTIVATION AND ANALYSIS OF PLANTS.

out very large rootlets, which will sometimes break a pot if not removed in time to a
larger one. They grow well in a good, sandy loam, which should be well packed in
among the rootlets. It is sometimes of advantage in transplanting to give them an
entirely new soil, care being taken not to hurt the live roots, and dead ones being cut
out with a sharp knife or scissors. The Agapanthus is among the few plants that grow
more valuable with age. Even the leaves can be kept green, if desired, from year to year
without apparent detriment; one or two will perhaps fall off in a season, but these will
be replaced by others. It is slow to evince any sign of disease, and should therefore be
all the more carefully tended. Its enemies are most frequently the scales, and occasionally
the mealy bugs. The season of blooming varies from spring to fall in different plants,
mainly according to treatment, and not infrequently they will flower twice in the same
season. After flowering they should be given a season of rest by being supplied with
less water for one or two months, whereupon they will perhaps again show signs of new
growth, when they should receive a more liberal allowance of water. While blooming,
they require a free use of liquid manure. Being natives of a warm climate, they delight
in a moderate heat, and will not thrive at a lower range.than fifty-five degrees.

the leaves in respect to color, is introduced a pretty, low-growing
& or dwarfish plant of the Amaranth family. It delights in a rich,

sandy soil and in an abundance of water, when freely growing ina
warm atmosphere, in or out of doors. Under the sun’s heat, the leaves
assume in succession many different colors, as green, brown, pink, car-
mine, orange, and yellow, frequently rivaling the various shades of our
forest leaves in autumn, or the beauties of the rainbow, whence it is sometimes
called Rainbow Plant. Being small and easily kept under control with the
knife, scissors, or even the fingers, they are much used for number, name or
phrase work in fancy parterres; and the outline of such words, phrases or
numbers can be easily maintained through an entire season by clipping, as they
not only are not injured thereby, but receive the added advantage of a more compact
growth. They will endure a greater degree of heat than almost any other plant, and
their colors become deeper and more beautiful in the full glare of the sunlight. Though
but of recent introduction, they have already sported into many handsome varieties. Of
these the best known are: A. tricolor, which derives its distinctive appellation from the
three most frequently-recurring colors, a rose ground with yellow bands and purple
veins. A. magnifica, because larger, stronger, and more magnificent in every respect,
including color. A.spatulata, from the spatulate, that is, obovate, oblong, or battledore-
like form of the leaves, which are commonly a bright crimson and green. A. grandis,
among the most recent varieties, is so called because of its still stronger habit of growth,
and superior effectiveness in combination, the leaves being bronze with rich magenta tips.

348

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CULTURE OF FAVORITE PLANTS.

NO AMARYVLILIS.

HE Amaryllis, through all its various species, produces the most brilliant
flowers, blooming generally in the winter and early spring. This
family of plants has been much divided of late years, and the many
known to the masses under the above name have other appellatives
,as well. They delight in a rich soil made up in about equal parts
of well-rotted manure (sweetened by exposure to the air), leaf-mold
or spent hops and good loam, with a slight admixture of sand. To
i vest and ripen the bulbs for future use, after the flowering season, the pots are
embedded in the soil in the open air until the approach of winter, when they
should be taken where they are to grow and bloom. Our own experience is
practical, so we will give it. We purchased five bulbs, two with persistent
foliage, and three that would keep it only a part of the year. These last we
planted in pots, having the promise that they would bloom that summer; but they only
grew leaves, and filled their pots with thick, white roots as large as a pen-holder. In due
time they lost their leaves and went to sleep, and we intended keeping them dry, as directed.
By some means, two got enough moisture to retain their long roots, and they bloomed the
following spring; the third spent its strength in forming roots again. Of course, under
proper circumstances, they should blossom every year. Abundance of water and occa-
sional applications of manure-water are required during the season of leafage. They
should be set in not less than seven-inch pots, with about half the bulb bedded in the soil.

ASTER.

S@HEN in their course the spring and summer flowers have passed
away, and the months come on that ripen the fruits and finish the
harvests, we find ourselves dependent upon such flowers as the
\ Asters and Chrysanthemums for the beauty of our flower-beds, the
p first named furnishing an almost infinite variety, both in shades of color
and styles of flower. Some of the dwarf kinds appear like a gathered
eA bouquet, so closely are the flowers crowded together. Whatever the style of
IN flower, they all require the same treatment. The seeds should be started in a
bed or box prepared for the purpose, and from there transplanted to where
they are to bloom, before they begin to grow or start their flower-stalks. They
can be placed a foot apart, in rows, if it is desired, or set singly for specimen
plants. Water should be supplied them until well established, and in August a
dressing of manure, with occasional supplies of manure-water. This treatment will give
an increase of flowers, as well as improve their quality. Any favorite may be potted
before frost, to finish its bloom in the house. In saving seeds, the outside rows would be
the best developed and ripest. A friend who is eminently successful in Aster culture pulls
the plants from which seeds are desired before frost, and hangs them up by the roots, so
that the sap will go into the ripening seeds as they dry.

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AZALEHA,

ARELY® cultivated as window plants, the Azaleas are in. great
demand for exhibition purposes, and for cut flowers in winter and
spring. There is, however, no reason why they may not, with
reasonable attention, be successfully cultivated as house plants. The
soil for very young plants should be nearly all peat, or leaf-mold,

where peat cannot be procured; but for older ones, three parts peat

WS and one part each of loam, leaf-mold and sand. The time for repotting is
‘ after the blooming season, except the plants are large and have appropriate

sized tubs or boxes, when they will not need it for several years, requiring only

that the soil be enriched with liquid manures. The plant belongs to the heath

family, and, like most of that tribe, have roots somewhat resembling the fern,
which should never be allowed to become entirely dry, care being taken not to go to the
other extreme and drench it so that the soil would sour and the roots decay. The
average temperature required is between fifty and sixty degrees, and plenty of air, pro-
vided it be not under that temperature, should be always admitted. They bloom from
February to May, and the larger ones produce hundreds of flowers, at once delighting the
beholder with the munificence as well as the magnificence of their adornment. The
flowers of some varieties are white, while others run through all the various shades of red,
from rose to bright carmine, often beautifully marked, like the carnation.

BALSAM.

OWEVER much these plants are valued, they seldom receive the
@ attention which they deserve. It is true that the miserable manner
in which they are many times sown and left to take care of them-
selves may partly account for this, for under such circumstances they
are far from attractive, as the flowers are apt to partake of the quality of
the plants. Rightly grown, however, they form most magnificent speci-
mens for garden or conservatory decoration. For early plants the seeds
should be sown in a hotbed. As soon as they develop two leaves besides the
two thick seed-leaves, they should be removed. into pots or boxes, and these
be plunged again in the bed. During growth they should be allowed plenty
of air, and ample room for their branches to extend; and by supplying a richly-
manured soil they may be made to grow to a great size.

The Balsam delights in a moist, well-manured situation, and is among the handsomest
annuals cultivatied. The plants should frequently have waterings of manure-water; and,
as their stalks are succulent, they should never be allowed to suffer from drouth. While
most plants suffer from intense heat, these seem to clothe themselves with greater beauty
in the very height of summer. When the main or central stem is of sufficient height,
the pinching out of the tip has a tendency to increase the side branches.

35°

CULTURE OF FAVORITE PLANTS.

i
Son ehs.

In the garden they should be set about a foot and a half apart, with the same care for
their nourishment as in the conservatory, stakes being supplied them to prevent their
being overturned by the wind. The flowers are rich in quality and in colors, being either
plain, spotted, splashed or streaked, and in the double varieties they fully equal the
Camellia. For bouquets and decorative purposes fine thread-wire is drawn through them
in the same manner as for the Camellia, and the ends brought together, thus leaving the
flower in a loop, and forming a manageable stem. A little damp moss or cotton-batting
being then placed at the base of the blossoms, keeps them fresh for some time. The
flowers of this plant occasionally bloom double without the aid of the cultivator.

oO %, BHEGONTA.

he

«) AINLY cultivated in the hothouse until a comparatively recent

oe WS period, Begonias are now kept principally in the greenhouse,
66-7 except when it is wished to stimulate them to an extraordinary
YepyaD: Ss . . a .

j Gans Z growth, for which purpose the hot, steamy air of the former is more

7] Dron suitable. Of the Begonias there are several kinds, differing in both

; “| 6 Sy leaf and flower. The first and probably most cultivated are those
aS {HO popularly known as the Elephant’s Ear, with large leaves, oblique and rounded
@SS) at the base, and sharply pointed at the apex, with the upper lobe, or half, much
9 more developed than the lower. They are richly colored, being changeable in

dj tints from bronze to green, with large silver bands in some, and irregular spots
8\_)in others, the underside being of a reddish-purple tint. The upright or bushy
varieties have transparent stems, many of them with glossy, irregular, waxy leaves, while
the flowers are of various colors, from white to bright carmine. The broad-leaved kind
should be watered freely during summer; the other species when in bloom, and at other
times just sufficiently to keep them in fair condition. There are also some with tuberous
roots, which can be laid away during their season of rest, in any place that is free from
frost, the roots only being sparingly moistened. Begonias should be only sprayed, that
is, lightly syringed, as the water bears the leaves down to such an extent that they do not
spring upright as readily as other plants. The soil used is one part peat, one of loam, and
one of decomposed manure. The large ones are easily propagated from the leaves, thus:
Take a leaf, cut the stem off rather close, lay it on a surface of wet sand in a pot or box
that can be covered with glass; pin the leaf down with broom splints, then with a knife
cut across the large veins in numerous places, and at each cutting roots will start, from
which young plants will spring. These should be potted as soon as the leaves get to be
from half an inch to an inch long. Many of these plants accommodate themselves readily
to the family sitting-room, only they must be kept free from frost. We have some of the
large-leaved ones that have for several years hung just back from the windows, where
they get about an hour of sunshine daily, and this in a small, ordinary parlor, requiring no
great care except hanging farther in on extra-cold nights, the ordinary watering daily, or
less frequently in winter, and dusting the leaves with a small feather-duster. !

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CULTIVATION AND ANALYSIS OF PLANTS.

BOUVARDIA.

en
as IRST brought to notice about a century ago, being introduced from
ah Mexico, it was named in honor of Dr. Bouvard, director of the fardiz
des Plantes, at Paris; and is one of the most attractive of the Madders,
freely blooming through the winter. The flowers appear in trusess on
each new shoot, and are of various colors, from a bright carmine through
all the shades of red to almost a pure white. They are waxy in texture
and of a compact growth, forming a very striking bunch of flowers not
unlike the cluster of the Lilac; and for purposes of floral decoration they are
very general favorites. A rich loam, with a slight admixture of sand, forms the
best soil for their cultivation; and they are best grown outdoors in summer, where
they will bloom through August and September. They can be made shapely
lawn shrubs by careful pruning of all straggling shoots. They are very desirable
indoor plants for winter blooming, and should not be allowed to catch the slightest nip of
the early frost, but be removed in season, as they cannot thrive in an atmosphere that
falls under fifty degrees. Even when not vitally injured, they are slow to recover from
the effects of cold; and, though more easily hurt by too much than too little water, the
soil must not be permitted to become “dust-dry.” The Bouvardias are seldom propagated
from regular shoots or cuttings, but mainly from pieces of the roots laid horizontally in
sand, and covered to the depth of about an inch. These require a uniform heat of from
seventy to seventy-five degrees in the bed or box where they are set; and sometimes will
not show growth for four or five weeks, but must not on that account be disturbed.

CACTUS.

Za

S ye REAT arid plains and rocky, infertile wastes, where other vegeta-
ANE 2 tation is sparse and water scarce, are the native homes of these
BG peculiar plants. The curious and varied manner of their growth

\ a» amazes us at first, and finally fascinates us, making the charm com-

¥ plete when we behold the superb blossoms of some of the species.

They are divided into several classes, according to their manner of

growth, many of them being foreign plants. Of the Cereus there are sev-

“eral kinds, among which the Cereus flagelliformis, or Whip Cactus, and the

X Cereus grandiflorus, or Night-blooming Cactus, are the best representatives.

The first grows in long, branching stems, having ten angles, and needs support

to keep it upright. The flowers are of a ruddy pink, lasting for several days.

The latter has stems of only five angles, and at night produces its flowers, which

fade before the morning. They are very large, varying from seven to twelve inches in

diameter, the petals being white, and the calyx yellow within and brown without. The
genus Opuntis, of which the Prickly Pear is a specimen, are hardy plants, with yellow
flowers, indigenous on the sandy shores of Lake Michigan. The genus Echinocactus

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CULTURE OF FAVORITE PLANTS.

have many deep angles, with curious swellings with each set of spines; the Epiphyllums
have flat leaves without spines, producing flowers at their margins; Melocactus is the
genus familiarly called Turk’s Cap; and the Mamillarias are distinguished by their
numerous tubercles or small, rounded projections.

All the Cactaceze will grow in any soil where there is no stagnant moisture nor actual
frost, but for the best results they should have a soil composed of loam, leaf-mold and sand,
with abundant drainage. A group of any of these plants forms a very attractive. object
in a window. They are very free from insects, causing little or no anxiety in that
respect, though some beetles will feed upon the young tips. Like all succulents, they
need comparatively little water; if shriveled, however, the roots and enveloping earth
should be soaked in a pail of water for two or three hours. While growing, they need
water about three times a week, and every day if in very small pots. Slips may be
taken from the parent plant, and inserted about an inch deep in comparatively dry
sand. Some genera, as the -Echinocactus, Melocactus and Mamillaria, are also propa-
gated from the tubercles or offshoots, and from seeds.

The Staphelias are Cactus-like plants that require the same treatment. Young plants
are potted about once a year; large ones, when in good sized pots, only once in three or
four years. These plants are all fond of heat and a dry atmosphere.

CALA DIUM,

NOWN to florists and many amateur culturists as a suborder of
the handsome-leaved Arum family of plants, the Caladium is
itself subdivided into almost innumerable species and varieties. Of
these perhaps the most conspicuous are the C. esculentum and the C.
odoratum, both of which are cultivated mainly for the size and beauty
of the leaves. These often measure, under fair cultivation, thirty-six
inches in length by twenty-four in breadth. Both of these species pre-
sent a majestic appearance scattered singly through a lawn,’on the bank of a
rivulet or pond, or collected in groups at convenient distances, their shield-like
leaves making them a somewhat conspicuous ornament among other foliage.
is They delight in abundance of water, and grow best where it is close at hand;
but if planted on higher grounds the roots should be thoroughly drenched with
water at least once a day in warm weather; they can hardly have too much. A depth of
eighteen to twenty-four inches of good, rich soil must underlie them.

The approach of frost should be anticipated in preserving these plants for future growth,
as they are very sensitive to cold. Leaves, stems and roots should not be plucked off, but
should be allowed to dry back to the tuber, which can be then kept in a warm place, em-
bedded in sand, until needed for the next season. Smaller specimens can be kept growing
through the winter, as parlor plants, by giving them plenty'of water and warmth. In
spring they should get a start for two or three wecks indoors before being put out, as
they thrive much better afterward for that preliminary. indulgence. The roots of the

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CULTIVATION AND ANALYSIS OF PLANTS.

small, fancy ones should be kept in their pots and have just a little moisture, else the tubers
are apt to perish from “dry rot” and be entirely lost. The smaller varieties are among
the prettiest marked foliage plants at our command, and are almost innumerable. Many
of them are so difficult to cultivate that few people can grow them successfully unless
under specially favorable circumstances. There are, however, two or three pretty varie-
ties that will succeed well as common house plants, and they can be pointed out by most
florists.

CAMELIIA.

\'F TEN used as a pretty natural ornament for the hair of some stately

queen of society or less pretentious belle, the Camellia has been very
‘2, generally admired for the rich, waxy appearance of its charming,
35° rose-like flowers. It is not very general in house cultivation, as the
\) idea seems to prevail that it is difficult for it to accommodate itself to
VA the circumstances surrounding other house plants. True, it does not
Gite thrive in a dry atmosphere, as there its thick, green leaves are liable to the
attack of insects, but a little watchfulness would keep these away. It does not
require a high temperature, the average running from fifty to sixty degrees,
the lowest being at night. The best soil to use is good loam or peat. All
coarse manures are obnoxious to it. The plants are sometimes repotted just
before the young growth begins—say in February or March; though the best time is
immediately after the flowering season. The buds of the Camellia are apt to be so
crowded that some must fall to make room for others to bloom; and, as the stems are so
short as to endanger the cluster if it should-be attempted to pinch out the superfluous ones
with the finger, a good method is to take a sharp knife or pair of scissors and clip off the
upper half of the buds to be removed, or otherwise wound them, leaving the remaining
half-buds, which become sickly from the wound, and drop of their own accord. Growers
of large flowers only leave one or two to the branch. When in the bud they must not
suffer either from too much or too little water, as buds drop from both causes; deprivation
of water for two hours. after it is due, or making the soil soaking wet, is equally disastrous
to the buds, and of course cuts off all hope of flowers. The leaves and branches should
be frequently sponged or washed, but syringing is not recommended, as the foliage easily
becomes spotted; the soil and roots should be watered regularly once a day while the
leaves and buds are forming; and a little more water is needed when the buds are opening
into flowers. They require light, but should not be exposed to the direct rays of the sun,
as in their native woods they enjoy a natural shade through the surrounding trees. They
should be removed indoors early, as the slightest frost will nip the buds. After they have
flowered all winter they should be moved out in spring to some shady nook where the
strong sunlight will not strike them; a few hours of the morning sun, however, will not
prove injurious. From the seeds they bloom in three years. These plants can be also
budded, grafted and inarched with different varieties in the same manner as other shrubs.

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CULTURE OF FAVORITE PLANTS.

CANINA.

account called Indica) does not form an indispensable contributor to
the loveliness of the prospect. This has become so universal a favorite,
that it is cultivated in all civilized countries; and helps to give a
Z semi-tropical appearance to many northern conservatories and gardens.
As ornaments for the parlor they are also very fine, and may be kept in good
condition the year round by proper care and attention. The genus belongs to
a> the Arrowroot family, but is not cultivated in this country for any nutritious
properties, the beauty of the foliage and the flowers having engrossed the whole
attention of cultivators. It might, however, be made a valuable food product.
Of late years florists have produced a large number of new varieties, all of them pretty
and desirable. To grow Cannas large, they should have plenty of room in a good, rich,
deep soil, a loose, sandy loam being the very best for the purpose. Soapsuds or other
liquid manure applied freely, say twice a week during warm weather, will be very accept-
able to the plants and reward the care-taker with a greater wealth of leaf and flower.
Those not wanted indoors for winter decoration can be lifted, with as much soil around
the roots as possible, and allowed to dry in that condition; when the drying process is
completed the tubers can be stowed away in any frost-free receptacle; they will bear a
considerable degree of cold, but contact with actual frost is ruinous. For winter decora-
tion it is best to use one or two side shoots of the old tuber, as they are just about to
sprout; they should be taken off in August and placed in a four-inch pot, changing them
to larger ones as they need more room. These plants grow from one to twelve or fifteen
feet in height, and vary in colors of foliage from the lightest shade of green to a very
dark bronze. The flowers are also of a great variety of shades. ‘

CARNATION.

~ LL through the ages much attention must have been paid to this
SA plant, or at least to the family to which it belongs, as we find that the
> Pink, the primitive source of countless varieties, was known to the
Ancient Greeks as Dianthus, or Flower of Jove. And to this day the
varieties have been incessantly multiplied, the plant being easy of culture
\ and thriving in almost any fertile soil. The flowers are an acquisition to
Ro bouquet makers, not only on account of their beauty, but for their clove-like or
spicy odor. They can be propagated from the seeds, but such are more uncertain in
quality of flower than those propagated from an old plant. Cuttings or slips can be
taken freely from the old plants, and should be cut at the joint so as in breaking
to leave a rounded end, or else be severed just below the joint. The slips should be
set in a crock, near the edge, as close together as desired, the sand being well pressed to

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CULTIVATION AND ANALVSIS OF PLANTS.

cause slow evaporation, and the pot being covered with a glass while striking root. The
layering process may also be used. The mode of procedure is to select strong, low-grow-
ing shoots around the plant, cut off the lower leaves and diminish the length of the upper
ones, and then with a sharp knife make a clean, slanting cut on the lower side of the stem,
penetrating about half through it, terminating it near the next joint above the edge of
the blade. The earth is then loosened an inch or so deep, and the layer pegged down,
the end being slightly tilted to keep the wound open, and covered with fresh soil well
pressed down. In this way the old plant feeds her nurslings through the half-dissevered
bark until the slips take root. The Remontants, or Monthly Carnations, are much culti-
vated as house plants, their frequent flowering making them very popular, although the
“monthly” blooms are confined to tropical and subtropical climes, and the summer
months in other latitudes. The best kinds are imported from Germany and Italy, where
their cultivation has been made a special industry for two or three hundred years.

COLHTUS.

9 ERY few plants had so effectually escaped the march of hybridiz-
ing improvements and experiments as this simple flower, so long the
delight of the humble cottagers of Great Britain under the familiar
name of French Nettle. It, however, fell under the observation of
that prince of experimenters, Verschaffelt, of Paris, who gave the
first impetus to the production of varieties, which have since been
: multiplied indefinitely by many others. It has now become indis-
Ne pensable to large and small collections, being a universal favorite with rich and
a poor. The slight blotch of bronze that ornamented the original nettle-like
leaf of the simple Coleus has been made to assume, under the skillful manipu-
lations of the scientific hybridizers, nearly all the shades of the three primitive
colors, red, blue and yellow; and various combinations of these and their many
shadings. So conspicuous is the tendency to change in the markings by this process that
one variety has been styled the Chameleon. The number of varieties in actual cultivation
is very considerable and continually growing larger. They will grow in almost any soil,
but do best in a compost of leaf:mold and good loam, requiring, however, plenty of
moisture in whatever soil during their season of growth. They are very sensitive to cold,
being in fact as good as thermometers down to the freezing point, the leaves presenting
different appearances at different degrees under fifty. In the upper ranges they will
recover with proper attention and increased warmth within seventy-five degrees, but if
touched by actual frost they are doomed to perish. For winter culture, cuttings should be
taken in August and set in any shady situation in any soil or in sand, when they will
strike root by simply watering them every evening in hot, dry weather. When suffi-
ciently rooted, they should be potted and taken indoors before the approach of early frost.
It is useless to attempt their cultivation where the temperature falls below fifty-five degrees.

356

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CULTURE OF FAVORITE PLANTS.

CRAPH MYRTLE.

A os HEREVER there exists a true love of flowers, this member of the
Qs ® Loosestrife family is necessarily popular. Its bright, deep-green,
glossy leaves, like those of the Myrtle, give rise to the second part
of the name, though there is no relationship between the two
families. It is called Crape from a loose resemblance between the
blossoms, when seen at a distance, and a bunch of red or white crape.

frost, the first bloom varying with the latitude in which grown, from May to
August. Each individual blossom presents a singular appearance, the many
long, silken stamens standing apart from the rest of the flower, and the multi-
tude of these flowers, when seen against the background of the leaves and
sky, give the semblance, as has been said, of masses of crape thrown loosely over the
plant. The branches are thin and soft when growing, and may easily be kept in place
by pinching off the straggling shoots, thus securing a compact, tidy and symmetrical bush.
Smaller specimens can be grown indoors for blooming in early winter, if placed in good,
open sunlight. The plants intended for this purpose should be allowed to rest during the
previous summer in some shady place, with only enough water supplied to keep them
from dying. In northern latitudes the outdoor specimens should be transferred to some
dry cellar or dark corner of any spare room, which in ordinary winters is all the protec-
tion they need. They are all the better to withstand the frost if the wood has been well
ripened by withholding moisture for two or three weeks before frost, upon the first appear-
ance of which they should be immediately housed. A rich loam, lightened with leaf-
mold, or rather with peat, is the most favorable soil, which, during the season of growth,
ought to be further enriched by plentiful supplies of liquid manure. It is propagated by
new shoots, like the Abutilon.

CROCUS.

>, ASILY cultivated, as it grows freely in any soil not positively soggy,
the Crocus is an admirable little bulb to bloom in early spring. After
planting, the bulbs will take care of themselves if supplied with an
annual dressing of manure. They should be set deeply, some three
or four inches, either in groups or rows, as desired; and should not be
disturbed except they appear on the surface, as sometimes happens,
ig == the cause always being the formation of the new bulb on the top of the old one.
The bulbs are very cheap, and might be set abundantly. Their most appropriate
use in the garden is for bordering beds of other bulbs, or they may be used with
great effect in forming letters or other simple designs on the lawn. Except
when a bed is wanted for other purposes, they may be planted about an inch
apart; but where that is the case they can be set at a greater distance, and after the leaves

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CULTIVATION AND ANALYSIS OF PLANTS.

disappear the place may be sown with annuals. For the house they may be planted in
pans of sand or in any of the pretty designs manufactured for them out of terra cotta or
pottery ware, and set away until they show growth. They can be put in the ground any-
where, with their accompanying pots, but should be covered up with ashes to protect
them from rats and mice, as well as from the frost; or they may be stored indoors ina
dark cellar or closet, being protected in the same way. About midwinter they can be
removed at intervals, to insure a succession of flowering, into the house or conservatory,
where they are intended to bloom. They must always be kept at low temperature until
near the blooming period, for too great heat lengthens and weakens the stem. They also
bloom in water, in small glasses adapted to them, made on the same principle as Hyacinth
glasses. Bulbs should be set in the fall. They can be raised from seeds, blooming in
three years, that being the average for most kinds of bulbs. All Crocus bulbs should be
set about the last of October, or early in November.

CYCLAMEN.

yet ERHAPS there are but few plants for fall, winter and spring culti-
vation that will afford more pleasure to the industrious and watchful
amateur than this attractive little plant. It never grows more than
six or eight inches high, but it has beautiful mottled leaves, and the
flowers, which are borne on single stems, have a velvety center
encircled by rays of a purplish red; and in some varieties lilac and

white, while in a few they approach a maroon. These ray-like petals turn
: down, as in the Dodecatheon Meadia or Shooting Star, sometimes called the
Prairie Pointer. The bulbs should be obtained as early as possible in the
autumn, so that they can be planted at intervals to promote an orderly succession
in their periods of blooming; or, they may be planted all at once, but treated
with different degrees of heat, water, and other attentions, to hasten or retard their
development. The plumper ones should be preferred; but if shriveled ones only can be
had, they may be freshened by being enveloped in damp moss or cotton batting for one
or more days. They delight in a good, rich soil, in which they are planted so as to
leave about one-fourth of an inch of their substance above the surface. The soil should
receive a little water, and the pot be put away in a sheltered place with a northern aspect,
or under a tree, until they begin to grow, giving a little moisture as required. When the
leaves begin to start, the plants can be brought forward to the light and given all the air
possible every day, with water when necessary, care being taken that they do not decay
through being too abundantly supplied. After their blooming season is over, the watering
should be gradually reduced as the foliage withers, and finally almost discontinued. They
are then put away in a shady, airy situation, free from rain, yet where the soil will not at
any time become actually dry; but if there is any danger of such a.contingency, a little
water around the bulb might be given, as it must on no account be allowed to decline from
its plump condition. In the fall they should have the soil shaken from them, and be placed

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CULTURE OF FAVORITE PLANTS.

in a fresh, rich compost. The larger bulbs often produce as many as two hundred flowers.
The withered flowers should be clipped off, unless seed is desired; of those left for seed
the stem will curl until the seed vessel is drawn down into the soil, where they ripen.
Propagation otherwise than by seed is ordinarily impracticable with this bulb, as its solid
nature almost precludes its division, and only the skilled practitioner can hope for success.
When grown from seed it takes three years to bloom, unless specially petted and fostered
by some skillful hand, and therefore most amateurs prefer to purchase blooming bulbs.
Their chief enemies are mice and excessive moisture.

Gy DATS Y.

1, AISY, from the Saxon, denoting day’s eye, because of its habit of
opening early in the morning, is a great favorite, as indeed it has
been for ages. Whether growing by the roadside, a neglected
beauty, or petted and cared for by some flower-loving cottager, its
praises have long been sung by the greatest among European poets.
In this country the Bellis perennis, or common double European Daisy,

is extensively cultivated as a choice exotic; while the whole-leaved species, or B.
€ integrifolia, is indigenous from Kentucky southward to the Gulf of Mexico. A
heavy clay soil seems to be the natural choice of these simple beauties, but they
will grow in almost any soil if supplied freely with water. In shaded nooks they
will retain their flowers a long time, but the direct rays of the sun cause them to
prematurely drop both flowers and leaves. The flower of the Daisy in the natural state
is single, and borne on the top of a long, slender flower-stalk; but by cultivation it
has become double, and has even sported into several curious and beautiful multiplex
varieties. They have, however, seen their greatest popularity in this country. They can
be cultivated in and out of doors, but as house plants must have all the light possible in
the winter months. They are easily propagated by divisions of the plant, early in Sep-
tember in northern latitudes, the parts thus separated being set two or three inches apart
in a sandy loam, with an eastern aspect. They should be protected from a too heavy
drenching by rain or otherwise, and for this purpose a gentle, eastward slope is the best
site. On the approach of regular frosty weather, they should be covered with a layer
of leaves to about six inches in depth, protected by branches of trees from being blown
away. When the weather is mild, this covering should be raked off for half a day, and
restored before the approach of the night chill, a few times through the winter. Many
are kept in garden frames, with only one inch of leaves.

As has been intimated, there are several varieties in cultivation, a favorite one being
known as the Hen and Chickens (scientifically B. prolifera), because of a number of
miniature flowers growing around and under the protection of the larger flower. Upon
the whole, in the hot, dry climate of this country, the Daisy, in the estimation of some
intelligent amateurs, is very unsatisfactory for outdoor cultivation.

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DICENTRA.

-HOWY Dicentra, scientifically known as Dicentra spectabilis, has been
with many other pretty plants imported within the last thirty or more
SS Ne WwW years, by indefatigable collectors, from Japan and northern China,

2. to enrich the Flora of Europe and America. It belongs to the Fumi-
tory family, and is very hardy, being able to endure the frosts of the
4 severest winters of our Northern States. It will, however, be grateful

for a slight covering of leaves or other protection, and will repay its benefac-
tor by a growth of greater vigor the ensuing season. Low, damp situations do
not suit it, as it likes a dry, airy location, with plenty of room and a rich soil to
grow in. It is a very fine ornamental plant when standing alone, and, like rare
exceptions in the human family, it assumes a milder and more mellow beauty
with advancing years. The long racemes of heart-shaped flowers— hence the popular
name of Bleeding Heart—curving away from the center of the plant give it a peculiarly
attractive appearance, while the leaves, resembling some varieties of the Fern family,
codperate to enhance its beauty. Fading early, care should be taken to plant it where the
vigorous and abundant foliage of other plants will gracefully cover up its disappearance.

To grow in pots for winter use it is best to cut off a few shoots from the old root in
early fall; which, being properly cared for, will gratify the owner by its few but pretty
racemes in the early spring. It is best propagated in all cases from divisions of the roots;
though it may, but with no slight difficulty, be raised from either seeds or cuttings. The

Dicentra has a somewhat peculiar history, having for many years after its introduction been
considered a plant exclusively adapted to hothouse culture, and its hardy properties having
been discovered merely by the accident of being left out all winter in the flower garden
at Cantrell Hall, the seat of the Childers, near Doncaster, England.

DRACZENA.

OMMONLY called Burning Bush, from the bright-red leaves of
wf some of the varieties, the Dracena has long been in cultivation, and
EX\\ As is very generally admired as one of the most conspicuous of the
Liliaceous family. The gum of commerce, called dragon’s blood, is
a product of this and some allied plants, being obtained by incision
: of the stems. The characteristic attraction of these plants consists in
the graceful habit and enduring properties of their leafage. The Dracena
draco and other varieties are elegant indoor plants, alone or in groups. The
palm-like stem, with surmounting tuft, cannot fail to attract attention; while the
bright, transparent radiance of the leaves will delight the most indifferent
beholder. It is much used for hanging baskets and vases, and when partially
shaded among green foliage it is rarely eclipsed by the most brilliant of Flora’s
gems. Content to grow in almost any soil, it thrives much better in one that is largely
composed of peat or bog-earth. Much water is acceptable, and during the season of

xt

i CULTURE OF FAVORITE PLANTS.

growth is readily appropriated by this thirsty plant, which also revels in a warm atmos-
phere. It is usually propagated by florists from sections of the root, as already. described
under Bouvardia and elsewhere. It may, however, be rooted from small offshoots that
grow on the side of the stem; and also from seeds, but this last method is rarely followed.

HCHEVERIA.

van ELONGING to the class of plants known as Houseleeks, which
BY. are often carefully grown on the roofs of cottages and stables by
many of the peasantry of ‘Europe, under a superstitious belief that
they afford protection from lightning and other calamities, the
Echeverias are a very ornamental, thick, flesh-leaved tribe of culti-
vated plants. They are in demand for ornamental plants in houses,
on rockwork and on high, sandy ground; as also sometimes for low edgings of
beds and walks. Some of them look not unlike old, rusty iron; others have
bluish-green leaves; and one variety, called the E. rotundifolia, or round-leaved,
makes an elegant vase plant to surmount a pillar or parlor-stand. Being of the
very easiest culture, almost anyone can cultivate them in nearly every condition of
soil or climate; but an excess of water in cold weather will prove fatal. Some of the
species flourish through the winter, sending out spike-like racemes, two or three feet in
length, of a very waxy, flesh-colored appearance, which remain a long time on the stems.
Other low-growing species have bright yellow flowers, after the manner of the Mossy
Sedum or Wall-Pepper. They luxuriate in a loose, sandy soil, containing some leaf-mold,
and though not dependent on a rigid regularity in the water supply, they should not be
entirely neglected during the growing season. Side-shoots, or even the flower-stems, can
be made the means of propagation, being set in clean sand and sparingly watered until
rooted.

ERYTHRINA.

UDDY is the meaning of the botanic name, derived from the Greek,
and the plant belongs to the widely-extended Pulse family, having,
in common with most of the allied genera, a butterfly-shaped flower.
There are several thousand species of the Pulse family —nine thou-

sand, some one has computed —scattered throughout the world, and

WER l for the most part they are of the highest utility in the animal economy
AGY RS of the universe. Containing a relatively large proportion of nitrogenous and

‘ bone building material, they are extensively used everywhere as food for man

and beast, but nowhere as much used by human beings as would be for their
well-being. The elegant Erythrina, sometimes called Coral Plant, ought
to have a place in every outdoor collection; it is a fine object standing alone ina
lawn or garden, its long racemes (often not less than two feet) of thick, waxy, coral-like

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CULTIVATION AND ANALYSIS OF PLANTS.

buds and flowers making its splendors conspicuous at a very considerable distance. The
large, trifid leaves and general robust habit of the plant also add their attractions. As a
window plant it is a fine ornament, but requires more root-room than can ordinarily be
allowed it. A rich, black or yellow loam well stirred up is the best soil for this plant,
though it will grow in almost any kind of earth. In the summer months the growing
plants must have a fair supply of water; and be taken up before or soon after the first
slight frost. If allowed to endure the early frost, they should be previously protected by
four or five inches of extra soil around the roots. During the winter they may be kept
in any dry cellar, protected from frost, but not wholly deprived of moisture; a covering
of moss or damp sand around the dormant roots will meet this requirement. Early in
summer, say in May, they may be set out for the season, care being taken to protect them
in the colder latitudes from the later frosts, when they will bloom from June to October.
They can be propagated from cuttings of small shoots or raised from the seed; but those
who want large plants soon will find it most convenient to buy them already in an
advanced condition from the florists. Good, large, specimen plants of the E. crista-galli,
which is the favorite species, are commonly sold at a very moderate price.

g FLITTONTIA.
VAR
aS ITTONIA is a very ornamental plant of the Bottle-brush tribe, a
subdivision of the Myrtle family, and is largely utilized for hanging-
y a baskets, ferneries and Wardian cases, where the atmosphere is moist
and still. It can, however, be grown as a single specimen, in a sepa-
rate pot or among other plants, indoors where any extra shade is pro-
y vided; but the Wardian case or glass shade seems to be its especial delight.
The fine white or purplish-red streaks of the leaves make them an attractive
Y ‘ornamental plant. They require great care in cultivation, and should never be
subjected to drafts, hot or cold. A very good soil for them is about equal parts of
chopped sphagnum, or bog-moss, peat-earth, potsherds and charcoal, well mixed.
Natives of the bogs or quagmires of the tropics, they require a large amount of
heat, as well as moisture, all the year round; they cannot be grown where the atmosphere
falls below sixty. In favorable circumstances the Fittonia will spread itself freely, but it
can easily be controlled by the usual method of pinching or cutting out when it encroaches
where it is not wanted. This plant mixed with some of the Lycopodiums, especially the
Selaginellas, constitute very pretty parlor ornaments under glass shades, and will require
very little water if the glass is left on, as what they evaporate, being held within the case,
condenses and is again absorbed. During the hot weather, however, they should receive
an occasional sprinkling or syringing with tepid soft water. In cold weather, when there
is risk of the temperature going below sixty degrees, they should be wrapped in paper,
flannel, a shawl, or whatever is most convenient. Their worth and beauty will compen-
sate for the extra care they require; but careless amateurs cannot well succeed with these
delicate exotics. There are three species, all desirable, in general cultivation.

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CULTURE OF FAVORITE PLANTS.

HPUCH SLA,

’ WINGING bells and neat, glossy foliage mark the Fuchsia, which has
for many years formed one of the most attractive of plants for both
greenhouse and parlor culture. Dryness of the atmosphere, one great
= (< cause of failure, can be obviated by sprinkling in the summer, and a
AYSSSNV vessel of water on the stove in winter. Buds drop from several causes,
the fault above mentioned being one, and from the two extremes of
keeping the roots either too dry or too wet. In summer, when in bloom, it
would be advisable to water the plants twice a day if the pot is pretty full of
roots and the shrub of fair size. This should be thoroughly done, but on no
account should the plant be allowed to stand in a saucer of water. This advice
presupposes an open soil and free drainage. After the flowering is over, water
should be given more sparingly—about twice a week —as growth at this season (except
in the winter-flowering varieties) should not be encouraged. They can be wintered in
any common cellar, free from frost. Among the best varieties for indoor blooming in winter
are the F. speciosa, the F. serratifolia multiflora and the Rose of Castile. For outdoor bloom-
ing they require a partially shaded situation, under trees or arbors or in the vicinity of other
bushes; though when planted they will bloom in a sunny place also, but not so well.
Fuchsias are propagated from slips, and when required for large plants should be kept
continually growing, shifting into the next size larger pots as soon as the roots touch the
sides, until they reach the largest size, when they should be transplanted into boxes or
tubs, where they may be left for many years, giving them an annual top-dressing of cow-
manure, and frequent applications of liquid manure during the season of growth. They
can also be grown from the seed, sometimes giving new varieties. The rule for soil is
one part each of loam, leaf-mold and cow-manure; but for a fine specimen plant it should
be at least one-half cow-manure.

= BUN ELTA.
YS

LDP

REAT numbers of people know this species of the Liliaceous
family under the more common title of the Day Lily, though it is
easily distinguishable from the Hemerocallis, or common Day Lily,
odes both in the leaf and flower. The leaves of the Funkia are obovate,
” while those of the Hemerocallis are a broadish linear; the flowers
of the latter are a light yellow, and those of the Funkia a bluish
white, and somewhat smaller, with a tubular shape. Another difference
easy to be observed is that the Funkia blooms from July to September, while
4 the other is earlier. The botanic name, given in honor of a German botanist,
has not quite universally replaced the older name in popular acceptance, and
the delay has occasioned some little confusion in the minds of many amateurs.
The Funkia, which is fast becoming recognized as the true Day Lily, is from
China and Japan. Its finest species, the F. subcordata, or Japonica of the catalogues, the

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CULTIVATION AND ANALYSIS OF PLANTS.

favorite old white Day Lily of the gardens, is a beautiful border plant and perfectly
hardy. The fine heart-shaped leaves of the Funkia are always pretty from their first
sprouting until they fall; and the plants are well adapted to fill an unsightly waste place,
as their habit is so cosmopolitan that they will grow in any'soil, though they are by no
means indifferent to a rich one. The rich, pearly and very fragrant trumpet-shaped flower,
which survives only for a day, but is promptly followed by its fellows, is a great
favorite wherever known, and amply compensates for the little care it requires in cultiva-
tion. In hardy and cold-enduring properties the Funkias are excelled by but few plants,
enduring the winters of even our northern latitudes without injury. Grown easily out of
doors, under trees or in open beds, no collection should be considered complete without
them. As house plants the smaller variegated sorts are much used, and under such favor-
able circumstances these often anticipate their season of flowering. For the embellishment
of cemeteries, public parks and other places not receiving close attention, they have been
found very acceptable, withstanding privation and neglect better than most cultivated
plants. They are usually propagated from divisions of the roots, which grow in large
masses, and are easily separated, either while the plant is dormant—that being the best
time —or while in bloom. The method is the same as in the Dicentra.

GARDHNIA.

7 9h HENCE sprang the error that confounds the Gardenia with the
(ps i Cape Jasmine it is somewhat difficult to conjecture, as they resemble

each other only in the odor they emit, and even belong to different
‘ families, the Gardenia being a Madder. They have been known
=~ in cultivation under this name (given them by Linnzus in honor of his
correspondent and friend, Dr. Alexander Garden, of Charleston, South

PREY former name it is difficult to say. It is a very fine, robust, ornamental shrub,
ee with thickish, glossy leaves of an oblong or elliptical form; and produces large,
) loose masses of double flowers. The G. camelliflora has a large double flower
not unlike a medium sized Camellia, hence the name of the species. All the
Gardenias delight in a rich soil, composed, in equal parts, of leaf-mold, old
cow-manure and good loam; and, except when dormant, in abundant moisture, which,
however, should not be suffered to become stagnant. It is important, and even necessary
to their well-being, that they be kept clean; and hence, if syringing be found insufficient,
the sponge should be cautiously and gently applied, the hand supporting each leaf while

it is being washed. They will give an abundance of white flowers during the winter when .

properly cared for and supplied with the necessary warmth, which should not be less than
sixty-five degrees. In even the coldest sections of our country they can be put out of doors
in the summer, and allowed to rest for one or two months, when, if desired, it can be started
to grow again by the free application of water. It is propagated by cuttings of the young
side-shoots, which should be treated in the usual way already mentioned under Abutilon;

364

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CULTURE OF FAVORITE PLANTS.

but very rarely from seeds, as it is too slow a process, requiring three or four years to
obtain a good specimen. They are easily cultivated as house plants, and are recommended
to amateurs as choice beauties, well worthy of their attention.

NO GERANIUM.

Geranium in all its varieties is one of the most satisfactory among
house-plants, being admirably adapted for either window, parlor,
greenhouse or garden culture. They run through various shades
of color. Of the reds, the deep or blood tints are much handsomer
» than the paler or orange reds, and the pink and white are both deli-
‘ cate and pure. The double ones do not drop their petals like the
single ones, yet some of the single ones hold their own well, and bear very
broad trusses. The single white are many times very fickle, scarce holding
the first flower until the second unclasps, which is very provoking if a full
cluster for a bouquet is desired. It is well to make this inquiry when pur-
chasing plants, for where there is a difference the labor might as well be ex-
pended on those that will give the most lasting pleasure. We have one plant,
a deep cherry color, that holds its blossoms nearly a month, with from thirty to forty
florets ina truss. Geraniums are rather herbaceous in growth, their stems being a grayish
green, and but slightly woody. When grown in the house during summer they should be
given plenty of air to ripen their stalks, as they withstand the cold better. Those that
blossomed in summer can be buried in a dry pit and covered with a foot of leaves, or
kept in the cellar in an entirely dark place, free from frost, and require little or no water;
We say entirely dark, as in a partial light they develop a useless, spindling growth. They
can also be wintered at a window, if the space is not wanted for blooming other plants,
the watering being governed by their needs. For future outdoor decoration large plants
may be pulled up by the roots, the loose soil shaken off, the green wood and leaves
trimmed back to the ripe wood, and the green cuts carefully powdered with charcoal and
air-slacked lime, when the whole may be hung up in a dark place free from frost. In the
spring the plants should be withdrawn from their retreat, trimmed back considerably,
repotted if necessary, and given a little special attention, when they will very soon grow.
Geraniums are among the easiest plants to slip. They must have two joints at least,
and three would be better, the cutting being just at the third. They are less apt to damp
or rot off if laid aside for two or three days in the shade before planting, as by that time
the broken end heals over, or forms a scar, which prevents the sap from escaping. They
are then ready for planting. Many, however, put them down entirely fresh. Some
kinds can also be started in wet sand, and set on the window-sill in the sun, in which
case the sand must be kept always sopping wet, like mud, the slips being potted as soon
as the roots are assured; but the fleshy, succulent varieties require less water. They
can also be rooted in soil. For ourselves, not wanting many at a time, we stick them
down in pots of our large plants, close. to the side of the pot, where the slope of the

365

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: CULTIVATION AND ANALYSIS OF PLANTS.

ca sated

crock gives them sufficient drainage, and the heat it draws from the air furnishes
all the warmth required. When raised from seed, the long spur attached should be cut
off, as it is likely to work the seed out of the ground.

Most of the Geraniums have strong-scented foliage, and are quite free from insects.
The Rose Geranium, with its lemon-scented leaves, is, however, an exception, as the aphis
or green-fly considers its green shoots a dainty bit. . The Apple, Nutmeg and Pennyroyal
Geraniums are grown for their fragrant leaves, and are well adapted for hanging-baskets,
but are better for pot culture.

Geraniums require a rich, loamy soil. To have them bloom in winter, they must not
be allowed to bloom during summer, and should be kept with a scanty supply of water.
In early fall repot and trim back well, give more water, and occasionally liquid manure,
and the branches will probably give flowers by December.

e< GLADIOLUS.

so extensively hybridized that the varieties now number several hun-
NX dreds, and are in a fair way of being swelled to thousands. By this
process, however, they have been made less hardy, and the new speci-
\ almost any soil, the richer earth, however, in every instance producing the better
flowers. The spot selected should be enriched with good manure, which should
be thoroughly incorporated with the soil. The bulbs should be planted three to
six inches deep, according to size (bulblets only one inch), and four to six inches
or more apart, and abundantly watered in dry weather. Supports should be furnished
each plant, if in a windy situation, to keep the flower-stalks upright. However small
the collection, it will be found most agreeable to have a number of varieties, as by this
means a pleasing continuity in the times of blooming is most readily insured. Other
plants may be grown in the same beds, provided they are a low-growing kind, as for
instance the Mignonette; the shade or protection afforded by the leaves of such seems
to be beneficial to the bulbs during the process of growth; and they also help to
relieve the scarcity of foliage in the slim, gaunt Gladiolus. As window or house
plants they are scarcely desirable, requiring too much root-room, and not possessing
any compensating peculiarities of foliage or even of flower. They propagate themselves
by forming new bulbs upon the older ones, and a number of bulblets under the new
bulb, These bulblets should be planted in beds by themselves, as they have to be
grown from two to four years before flowering. They should not be planted, however,
until they have been kept eighteen months, as if started sooner very few of them will
grow. The bulblets invariably produce the same variety as the parent. When the
f \ flower-stalks are dead, or after the first light frost, the bulbs should be lifted, and such as

si

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hy CULTURE OF FAVORITE PLANTS.

gore

may be unripe allowed to dry in some airy place, when they may all be trimmed of the
spent roots and leaves, and stored away where they will not mildew from moisture or
suffer from frost. The Gladiolus is the finest cut flower in existence. The spike placed in
a vase, after the first flower has expanded, will develop and open every bud, and grow
more delicate and beautiful to the last.

AHLIOTROPE.

~ MONG the favorite plants for window culture, and one of the most
Ks desirable for the greenhouse, is the Heliotrope; and this on account of
RS its clusters of vanilla-scented flowers, which are the various shades of

lavender or purple, and are in great request for cut-flower decorations
and bouquets. If we might be allowed the expression we should call it
one of the most quick-tempered of plants, pouting and petulant, to be
MO. led coyly along as if not being led, or else given its own way, when it will grow
gloriously. It is quite susceptible to a change of atmosphere. A plant brought

from the greenhouse should be watched that it get not too dry in the soil, which will
be when it looks very dry on the surface, or else the leaves will begin to turn yellow
or brown, and in a few days will drop. We have sometimes turned the balls of
earth out on our hand, and found the fine rootlets, that should be like white silk and
full of life, one brown, decaying mass, rendered so by the withholden cup of water on
the one hand, and on the other by the porousness of the pot, that had withdrawn what
moisture they derived from the soil. All this dead substance should be picked off gently,
and the plant replaced in the pot; when, with a little more attention, it will begin to grow
again, having become accustomed to its surroundings.

When placed in the ground in summer the Heliotrope grows finely, but is very impa-
tient of removal, as the lifting disturbs the roots too much. Those who wish a choice
specimen saved should secure slips from it first, and get them rooted; then they will not
be entirely helpless in case of failure in removing the plant. In taking up a large plant
the following directions may be observed: Cut the roots all round the plant, so that the
ball of soil will be a little less than the pot or box it is intended to grow it in; let the
cutting be done with a very sharp knife or spade, and after the cutting let the plant remain
in the ground for six or eight days. When ready to transfer, lift the plant as gently as
possible from the ground with something broad enough not to disturb the roots, and
place it in the pot; put this in an entirely dark place for a few days, giving no water at
first (as the soil should be in a condition not to require it), watching to see when it begins
to revive, then gradually move it to the light and trim it back. The foliage will probably
fall, but if successful it will start again.

The Heliotrope, to be a fine plant, should be allowed to grow large, and then it
would be nearly always covered with flowers. A tub or box is the best place for this
plant. For a window, one the size of a butter firkin answers. Indeed, a firkin itself
f could be used by washing it free from grease, and then soaking out the salt which it has (

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CULTIVATION AND ANALYSIS OF PLANTS.

absorbed from the brine. A few holes bored in the bottom would let out all the surplus
water, and a coat of stone color, drab or white paint would make its exterior presentable.
No one growing the Heliotrope only in small pots can know the pleasure of growing it
as a large bush, and pruning it when too rampant. In summer a plant so grown could be
placed out of doors to adorn the yard or lawn. The soil recommended is three parts loam,
and one part each of leaf-mold, sand and manure. If kept constantly growing it blooms
the whole year, its wood becoming quite hard and shrubby. Arrived at this condition, it
can be kept formany years in a productive state, by an annual top-dressing, and liberal
weekly supplies of liquid manure. It has been known to live for twenty years undisturbed
in a sunny ‘corner of a conservatory; it requires warmth in winter, as it cannot stand any
frost. The pale varieties develop a larger growth of flowers and are more fragrant than
the dark ones. A good way to propagate Heliotropes is to take two-inch cuttings of new
shoots, pinching off the bottom leaf, when the slips are inserted in pans of sand and water,
and kept abundantly moistened until they show new rootlets or begin to grow. This
process is most successfully carried out in summer, or in a temperature of at least seventy
degrees; if the heat rise above eighty or tall below fifty the slips will usually fail to strike
root.

AITBISCOS,

family, and all of them are general favorites with both amateur
and professional culturists, for house or garden purposes. Their pop-
ularity is not of yesterday, but dates far back into the olden times,
being known to Pliny (who recommended the Hibiscus for certain medi-
cinal properties in healing ulcers), and bids fair to survive throughout all
time. Apart from all useful qualities, medicinal or other, it commends
itself for the large, rose-like and very showy flowers, sometimes four or five
inches in diameter, which it produces in rather compact clusters on slender and
graceful stems. The beautiful, brilliant red of the flowers make the plant con-
spicuous at a considerable distance, and cannot fail to attract the attention of
the most casual beholder. The leaves, which are large, long and somewhat
egg-shaped, but sharp-pointed, are always pretty, more especially the variegated kinds, as
they hang gracefully drooping around the upright stems. It is familiarly called the Rose
of China, but is really indigenous in several other countries, including the United States.
Easy of cultivation, it can be kept in good shape by pinching, and its more compact
growth will remunerate the cultivator. A soil composed of equal parts of leaf-mold,
loam and manure is the best adapted for it; and, like the Abutilon, being a gross feeder,
it should receive during the growing season an abundant supply of water and liquid
manure. It is mainly propagated from cuttings of the young shoots, and but rarely from
seeds. In the summer months it should be plunged, with or without its pot, in some spare
bed or border, to take the necessary rest; though it can be made to grow and bloom all
the year round by an extra allowance of stimulating liquid manure and free watering.

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HOYA.

VF the Hoyas, or Wax-plants, there are three or four common
he species, all of them very beautiful. They are mostly woody vines of
p </ a scandent or climbing nature, with waxy, ovate leaves; and, though
6° properly belonging to the hothouse, can be grown with the greatest
ease as parlor plants, always with the understanding that warmth must
be supplied in winter, and that they be kept free from frost. Of course,
H the blossoms must not be expected to appear as abundantly as when placed in
ON) a higher and moister temperature, but, should they utterly refuse to bloom, the
‘i beauty of the foliage would amply compensate for the little care they require.
They can, however, be almost always made to bloom by withholding the usual
water supply, and suffering them to become partially dry for several weeks.
The flowers are most exquisitely beautiful, the clusters being composed of from fifteen
to twenty florets arranged in the form of a simple umbel. Each floret is in the shape
of a five-pointed star, with the points slightly recurved. The texture is like wax, with a
rather plushy surface. The buds open always in the evening, and all at one time, as if
by electricity, so sudden is the transition from bud to blossom. When plants are well
established they grow freely and rapidly, if not neglected in the matter of a judicious
application of water to leaf and root. One in our own collection (the Hoya carnosa), in
a twelve-inch pot, makes each season vines about eight feet long, and blooms very freely
in a common sitting-room with a southern aspect.

We would advise our readers, however, to secure good-sized plants in the first place,
those with old flower stems or buds, if possible; for, though growing readily from slips,
they are many times very perverse in starting runners, often remaining stationary for a
provokingly long time. The flower or bud stems come from the axils of the leaves, gen-
erally at every alternate joint of the young growth, forming one year and blooming the
next, and from that on, season after season, though sometimes skipping. Occasionally
buds come from the old wood of the vines as well. These dark or woody flower-stems
should never be cut off, as there is always a central or live tip for future bloom, and the
apparent unsightliness is amply compensated for by their superior flowers.

The best soil is said to be three parts loam, two parts leaf-mold, and one part sand,
with a little broken charcoal. It should be light and open, with good drainage. The
repotting should be done in spring, just as soon as the plant begins to grow, and the
plant thoroughly watered; after which water should be withheld a week or more until
new roots begin to form. When in a large pot they need not be disturbed every year.
In summer they should be watered when the earth is dry on the surface; in winter, once
a week, or less often, willdo. During the growing season the plant should have a watering
of liquid manure, not very strong, once or twice a week.

In propagating, the slips should be laid aside a day or two, until the sap closes the
wound, The cuttings should then be placed near the sides of the crock, and started, if
possible, in a gentle heat. The leaves also answer as slips. The only insect we have
seen on them is the mealy dug, which with a little care is easily kept under. In sitting
rooms the foliage and stems will require washing occasionally to remove the dust.

CULTURE OF FAVORITE PLANTS. MN

CULTIVATION AND ANALYSIS OF PLANTS.

Placing these plants out of doors retards or destroys the bloom, unless properly shaded,
as the strong sun sears and turns the leaves yellow, from which they never recover; even
in the house a thin shade is of service at midday if near the glass. We think, except in
tropical climates, that they should not go out at all, as they can be given all the necessary
air from open windows.

A VACINT FH.

YACINTHS are among the first plants to make their appearance
out of doors in spring, and gladden the earth with their bright
bloom. In preparing a bed or box for the bulbs, special care should
be exercised, as their fleshy substance renders them an easy prey to
disease, and subjects them to the attacks of rats, mice and other enemies.
The best soil for them is a very sandy loam well mixed with good leaf-
mold and old cow-manure. They should be set in rows, a few inches
apart each way, and then covered three or four inches deep with the soil. A
handful of sand placed under each bulb will help to prevent decay. The sea-
son of planting is from the middle of October to the same time in November.
After they have ceased to bloom, and their leaves have decayed or died down
to the surface, the bulbs should be taken up and placed in some shady spot to
dry, when they should be stored away in an airy situation until again required for plant-
ing. These plants are also adapted to pot culture, and can be grown singly, or two or
three of different colors, in a crock five or six inches wide. <A piece of broken crockery
or the like is placed over the hole for drainage; a little old cow-manure is laid thereon,
and then the pot is filled, within an inch of the top, with the soil above indicated as best
for Hyacinths. Finally the bulb is placed in the soil, with about one-half uncovered.
The usual treatment for bulbous plants, as already given under Crocus, is then followed.
Hyacinths can be grown in.sand, and also in water. In sand they are placed in uw proper
receptacle and set away as above, the sand being kept merely moist. When the rootlets
have got a good start, the leaves will begin to appear, showing that it is time to bring
them forward to the light. In regular Hyacinth glasses there is generally a rim or shal-
low cup for the bulb to rest in. The glass is then filled with rainwater so as almost to
touch the base of the bulb, The water should be kept pure by inserting a piece of char-
coal and by being changed weekly. The glasses should be put away for about a month
in some cool dark place, when they will have rooted sufficiently to be brought forward
into the light to finish growth. The single-Alowered varieties are the best for glass cul-
ture. Hyacinths that have flowered in pots or glasses are afterward fit only for planting
in beds or borders. The Hollanders make a specialty of raising Hyacinth bulbs, and have
produced and named two thousand distinct varieties, which they supply in immense quan-
tities to the markets of the world. It may be imagined how gorgeous an appearance is
often presented in the Netherlands by a twenty-acre lot, or more, wholly planted in Hya-
f cinths; and the fragrance is said to have been noticed fifty miles at sea.

37° a

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CULTURE OF FAVORITE PLANTS.

LED BO VL Bs

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ne EAT and modest in flower, and not without some claim to a subdued
Sa magnificence, this lovely member of the Figwort family is of com-
paratively recent introduction from Japan. The favorite species is
denominated L. floribunda, from its free flowering habit, often almost
hiding its foliage under the wealth of its blossoms. The color,
which is most frequently an orange or pure yellow on the under
side, but shading upward to a scarlet or deep, velvety crimson on the upper
side of the flower, contrasts finely with the light green foliage of the plant.
It is a slender-branched plant and of a tidy, compact growth; it can be formed
into the resemblance of a ball encircling and entirely hiding the pot in which
it grows, making it a very desirable house ornament. The soil in which it can
be best grown would comprise, in about equal parts, sand, leaf-mold, loam and manure.
The Libonia delights in plenty of pot-room, water and liquid manure in the growing and
flowering season, but abhors stagnant moisture, and therefore should receive its supplies
in limited but repeated quantities. It blooms from December to May, after which time it
should be placed out of doors in some partially shaded situation. It is most frequently
propagated from cuttings about an inch long taken from the young shoots. It can be
raised from seed if sown early, amd will flower the season following.

In those sections of our country where there is little or no frost, it makes a very fine
ornamental plant for outdoor cultivation, either to stand alone or to be grown as a border
plant. It is not quite hardy enough to withstand our northern winters, though it will
bear considerable cold, and blooms well in about sixty degrees of heat. The beauty of
the plant in flower, and the ease with which it may be cultivated, should render it a more
general favorite than it has yet become.

LIDDY.

SOR outdoor culture these bulbs require a good, sandy loam, which
os should be dug to a depth say of eighteen inches, and well worked;
(Sa) the Japanese, Chinese, and a few other species do best in a clay loam.

The bulbs ought to be set five or six inches deep and left undis-
turbed for several years, as they thrive much better and give more

bloom. Stable manure, until thoroughly decayed, or any other fermenting
material, is obnoxious to them, but leaf-mold or plenty of good, old cow-
manure would be a wholesome enrichment. In removing, it is best to keep them
’ out of the ground as short a time as possible; and if bulbs received from seedsmen
are in a shriveled state, a wrapping of moss, or cotton slightly dampened, for two
or three days before planting, would freshen them unless past redemption. Many
of the choicer variety of Lilies are grown as house plants in cities by those who have no
gardens. A good soil for their growth comprises equal parts of loam and peat, or leaf-

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CULTIVATION AND ANALYSIS OF PLANTS. h

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mold, with which should be incorporated a small quantity of coarse, clean sand. The bulbs
are placed a little below the surface of the soil, which should be pressed firmly around
them. They are then stored in a cool, shady place where there is no wet, and only
enough water given them to slightly moisten the earth until they begin to show growth,
when they should receive a liberal supply. The stalks grow from two to three feet, and
occasionally much higher, requiring to be propped up with stakes. When in bloom they
thrive best in a dry, airy place, as they are liable to contract spots from dampness. After
the growing season is over, the quantity of water. must be diminished until the stalk
dies down, when the bulb should be taken from the old earth and repotted directly in
fresh soil, as they thus give finer bloom the next season. Several plants can be put in
an extra-sized pot, but for a single bulb a six-inch one is the size.

LILY OF THE VALLEY.

UCH esteemed for both beauty and fragrance, though in size but
an insignificant plant, this lovely genus of the Lily family is
extensively grown, more especjglly in the vicinity of all great
cities, for bouquets, baskets, and all manner of ornamental pur-
poses. So great is the demand that the Hollanders have built up
~ an immense trade in the tubers, or rhizomas, which they grow with
‘more success than any other nation, and ship by tens of thousands to
cal all parts of the civilized world. They grow wild in the valleys of the Alle-
ghenies and in the mountainous sections of our Southern States, as well as -in
similar localities throughout Great Britain and Ireland. But however abundant
naturally, those used for cultivation are nearly all the product of the Haarlem
beds, imported and sold by the seedsmen at a price so low that it does not pay
to attempt the domestication of the wild ones. For house decoration the rhizomas should
he planted in four or five-inch pots, in August, and the pots plunged to the rim in a cool,
shady place, where they may be left until cold weather. Then they should be set ina
shed or other convenient place, sheltered from the sun, and allowed to freeze hard. After
all this, they are to be placed in a cool, dark room, where the temperature is above frost,
from whence they may be brought forward, a few at a time, and at intervals during
the winter, to insure a succession in flowering. For outdoor cultivation the tubers are
usually planted in the fall, and covered to a depth of one or two inches, with an
upper covering of fallen leaves of about the same depth. To exhibit their attractions
to the best advantage, they should be planted in a shady situation; they will, however,
grow more rapidly in the full blaze of the sun, but also perish more rapidly there.
The soil best adapted to their growth comprises two parts in five of leaf-mold, one of
good cow-manure, one of sand and one of loam. Outdoors they can be left to nature’s
supplies in the matter of watering, but indoors neither the roots nor even the leaves
should be allowed to become entirely dry, much less to remain so for any length of time. }

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; CULTURE OF FAVORITE PLANTS.

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ral r( ge of the Figwort family, with Ivy-like leaves, much used for hanging
G ® baskets, rockwork and pot culture. It is commonly called Kenilworth
Ivy, because of the great quantities to be found amid the ruins of the
famous castle of that name near Warwick, England, immortalized by
; Sir Walter Scott. It is a very easy plant to cultivate, in or out of
doors, as it will grow in almost any soil; though like all plants it has a pref-
erence, and will grow best in a light soil composed of about equal parts of
& leaf-mold, loam and sand, with a slight admixture of manure. But whatever
the soil, it must have abundant moisture, and it will not disdain an occasional
feast of liquid manure. It also delights in a moderate shade, which can easily
be provided by planting it among taller-growing plants, in some shady recess, or on the
north side of a house, fence or tree. As its free growing habit gives it a tendency to
straggle, if space be limited it‘'must of course be kept in place by frequent clippings or
pegging back. It will also crowd out small plants if not kept within bounds, but with
plenty of room it may be allowed free scope, under which conditions it presents a beauti-
ful, compact mass of foliage, interspersed with numerous small, bluish flowers, not unlike
those of the Snapdragon, to which it is related. It is easily propagated by divisions of
the roots. Another species, khown as the L. vulgaris, or familiarly as the Butter-and-
Eggs, is well worthy of a nook in any garden, being hardy and easy of cultivation, and
also quite pretty with its wealth of beautiful, yellow flowers. This has underground
stems or rhizomas, and propagates itself by what may be termed natural layering, sending
in various directions its offshoots, any one of which can be made the germ of a new plant.

MAHEHRNIA.

saw NOWN to science as a member of the Sterculia family, which very
closely resembles the Mallows in mucilaginous properties, the Ma-

hernia is a pretty little shrub growing from eighteen to twenty-four
inches in height. It is a native of the Cape of Good Hope, and with
careful cultivation and a fair share of sunshine it will produce an abun-
dance of sweet-scented, yellow, cup-like flowers during the whole win-
TR ter and spring. The branches are slender and the leaves laciniate, or
2“ lightly slashed, and small, making a pretty mass of foliage if well kept in by
pinching or tying back. It delights in a free exposure to the atmosphere, pro-
vided this is not excessively cold, and its favorite normal temperature would be
kg somewhere from sixty to seventy degrees, though it will not suffer from the heat
unless this ascend to the nineties. It should not, therefore, be crowded out or

even shadowed by other plants, but be given plenty of room for roots and branches. The
f \ best soil for the Mahernia is, two parts of leaf-mold, one of common earth, one of cow-

373

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CULTIVATION AND ANALYSIS OF PLANTS.

manure, and one of sand. Cold moisture is pernicious to its roots, as is lime-water also;
pure rainwater, “little and often,” is the best prescription, as the leaves of the plant will
curl up and become sickly if overdosed. It strikes root easily through small cuttings, say
an inch long, from young shoots, bedded in clean sand about half their length, the leaves
being carefully removed from the embedded part. After they have ceased flowering in
the house they should be removed in the spring, for their season of rest, to the north of a
fence or some low evergreen, as in that condition they delight in a partial shade. The
species generally recommended to amateur culturists is the M. odorata, which is the most
sweetly scented, as its name implies; but there are several other varieties also well worthy
of attention. The Hector has orange, and the Diana pink, flowers; and both are pretty,
highly ornamental and easily manageable shrubs, which will give good satisfaction, though
not so fragrant as the M. odorata.

OLEANDER.

tifically termed Nerium, from the Greek zeros, humid, because of
its love of moisture. The familiar name Oleander is a corruption,
=» aS is generally supposed, of the word Rhododendron, or Rose-tree,
¥ from the similarity between its flowers and the smaller Roses. It
enjoys a very peculiar protection apparently against the sun’s rays,
w in a triple coat of mail or three-fold epidermis, which is common to but very
Se" few other plants. A native of the Levant, it is found on the banks of the sacred
4 Jordan, as well as along other water-courses and muddy bottom-lands, where
there is a considerable accumulation of decayed vegetable matter. This, by the
usual rule of making artificial conditions approach as nearly as may be to natural
surroundings, suggests the value of peat-earth, leaf-mold, turfy loam or similar
soils tor their successful cultivation. Water in abundance, and unstinted supplies of liquid
manure, as a substitute for the wet and decaying vegetable wreck to which they are natu-
rally accustomed, are also implied, and experimentally ascertained, to be necessary to their
fullest development. In early summer they should be moved outdoors in northern latitudes,
and placed in some bed or border made up of the compost indicated, and freely manured, when
they will bloom abundantly, and better reward the cultivator than if kept after the usual
old-fashioned method in tubs or boxes. Toward the close of summer, in order to ripen
the wood of the Oleanders, the supply of water should be considerably curtailed, but not
so as to allow the soil to go entirely dust-dry. Great care should be taken in this respect,
as these plants are slow to show injury, on account of the extra epidermis, and therefore
nothing should be left to chance. Oleanders are propagated freely from slips or cuttings
in the usual way, or by cuttings thrust into bottles or other convenient vessels containing
weak soapsuds or even common rainwater. In making these cuttings, which ought to
be from two to four inches long, the adhering leaves should be shortened or cut back one-
half. Layering can also be used, though it is not found so convenient; and they can of
course be raised from the seed, flowering the second season, :

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; CULTURE OF FAVORITE PLANTS. if
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YIOLA tricolor, from the triple color of the blossoms, is the
scientific name of the Pansy, which itself seems to have been
derived from the French pensee, a thought, from its habit of hanging
its head as if in a pensive or thoughtful attitude. They are among
our earliest spring flowers, and are sometimes forced in hotbeds for
market long before the grass makes its appearance. They are sold
in pots to decorate window boxes, but in the house they do well only

fly, which is very hard to subdue on these dwarf plants. To be at all success-
ful they must have all the air that can be admitted, and not too much sun. To
propagate from seed for spring blooming, they should be sown late in August
or early in September; for midsummer and _ fall blooming, they should be
sown in spring. To produce large flowers they require a rich soil and a partially shaded
situation where they will escape the noonday heat and receive a few hours of the morn-
ing or afternoon rays. They may be increased or propagated by cuttings, layers, or
divisions of the root. Cuttings are taken about the second spring or fall month. These
are much better than the older plants, which are usually woody and hollow, and are best
rooted in light, sandy soil in a shady place, being covered with a bell-glass or oiled paper.
They should be set an inch or more deep, with the earth firmly placed around them.
The varieties are numerous, amounting to several hundred. Seeds should be sown soon
after gathering, as they deteriorate in keeping. Layering is done as described elsewhere.

PHLARGONIUM,

a. ELARGONIUMS (from the Greek pelargos, a stork, because of
the resemblance of the beaked seed to a stork’s bill) are plants allied
to the Geraniums, constituting a genus of that family and embrac-
ing three hundred species, and are occasionally called Fancy Gera-
niums, of which one of the most popular is known as the Lady
_ Washington. All the Pelargoniums are shrubby or hard-wooded,
except the shoots that bear the blossoms. The flowers, which appear in trusses,

> are variously marked, either darkly veined, or with the upper petals differing
from the lower, or shaded from a deep tone to a lighter, as from almost black
to scarlet, and so on through cherry, crimson, lilac, white and pink. They
are among our handsomest, most delicate and showy flowers. So singularly
picturesque are the markings in different varieties of the Pelargoniums that they have
been named Clown, Pantaloon and Harlequin, the flowers resembling the typical costumes

of these well-known, popular characters. They never thrive so well when placed in the
garden, except when retained in the pots in which they are grown, and plunged in the

\ ground; for, if the roots get too much room, the plant grows almost entirely to foliage. JR
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CULTIVATION AND ANALYSIS OF PLANTS.

The Pelargoniums are natives of the Cape of Good Hope, and, like other floral impor-
tations from that region, are almost hardy enough to endure our severe northern winters.
Though they are easy of cultivation, it is better to secure good, tree-like plants, with thick
and stout young shoots. After the flowering season is over, ripen the young wood by

. withholding the water supply; and in the fall prune back to the ripe wood, leaving only

two or three eyes to each branch, always preserving the symmetry of the bush. At a
window they need turning, as do all plants, to keep them from being one-sided. They
should be repotted once or more, according to circumstances, every season in very rich
earth, and given larger pots as the plants increase; and the larger and more bushy they
are, the better and the more flowers they have. They are most acceptable for groupings
and combinations of all kinds, the richness and variety of coloring lending them a peculiar
attractiveness as house and conservatory plants, furnishing material for bouquets that can-
not be surpassed in richness and beauty. Though, like so many other favorite flowers,
they have probably passed beyond their period of greatest popularity, they can never fail
entirely to be cherished by the lovers of choice plants. ,

The method of propagation is to take side-shoots about three joints in length, the
bottom joint being fully ripened, and cut clean and smooth underneath, while a portion
of each leaf should also be trimmed off. They can be wintered in a cellar, the roots being
kept nearly dry.

PEPEROMTA.

? UPERB among the Reseda family for the beautiful markings of the
leaves, together with its magnificent habit of growth, the Peperomia

“K<2~ It delights to grow in a still, warm atmosphere with abundance of
OSV moisture, as in a Wardian case, or in some shady nook of the house or
garden. There are several varieties that have attained a well-deserved
x popularity as ornamental plants because of their foliage. They are natives
of Brazil, and require semi-tropical surroundings, or a heat of at least sixty-five
degrees. A compost made of two parts peat, or bog-earth, one of loam and
one of sand, mixed with bits of charcoal or potsherds, forms a congenial soil for
their growth. The Peperomias are low-trailing plants, spreading out laterally
and striking fresh roots at each joint of their side-shoots. They can easily be propagated
by cuttings of these shoots, as they are already provided with rootlets. Combined with
Selaginellas, they produce a nice effect by the contrast of their broad, ovate leaves with
the narrow, pinnate leaves of the other, an effect which is much enhanced by their pecu-
liar markings. In some these consist of beautiful, grayish-white streaks along the lines
of the nerves; in others these streaks are of a reddish tint; while in a few the streaks
are replaced by silvery blotches of irregular shapes. These plants should always be
watered with tepid rainwater, and by sprinkling or syringing only, and never by pouring,
as they insist upon a faithful imitation of the natural process.

376

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CULTURE OF FAVORITE PLANTS.

PETUNIA.

ASILY cultivated from seed, the Petunias are half-hardy perennial
plants, blooming the first season, and therefore usually grown as sum-
<< mer annuals, They run through many shades and markings, being
\Y mottled, striped, clouded, feathered and in plain colors. The seeds are
very small, and should be sown on the surface and rubbed in with the
hand or be lightly covered. After the plants are up, they should be
< thinned out liberally, as each individual plant becomes quite large, and blooms the
better for having plenty of room. If the tip of the main branch is taken off, the
side branches will be more numerous, thereby giving a more liberal supply of
flowers. The double ones are more often grown from cuttings or slips than from
seeds, The seeds of double flowers in these plants are obtained by fructifying
the pistils with the pollen from a single or semi-double flower; occasionally, however, this
process will yield single flowering plants. Petunias are grown in windows and conserva-
tories as well as gardens, especially the double varieties. A good soil for their growth
may be made up of equal parts of loam, leaf-mold, good manure and sand. Petunias
seed freely, and are largely self-propagating; but a few of the superior hybrids are liable
to prove defective in this respect; and, to insure success in raising these fancy kinds, the
simplest and best method is to invest a small amount in the seeds raised by some specialist.
They will appear early in spring, but all the sooner if the beds be cleared of old flower-
stems and other rubbish. A few Petunia plants will in a short time cover an area of sev-
eral square yards, and they therefore furnish a cheap and easy way of floral ornamentation.
In thinning out, the strongest specimens should of course be retained, and left not less than
six inches apart. They bloom in the open air, in even northern latitudes, from June to
frost; and in warmer climes, or raised in hotbeds or under cold-frames, the season of bloom
is proportionably prolonged, being virtually all the year round.

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PHLOX.

RILLIANT red or flame color, is the significance of the scientific
name of this genus of plants, which belongs to the Polemonium
family. The Phlox is a native American plant of many species,
all of them pretty, but perhaps none so desirable in every respect
as the P. Drummondii, so named in honor of the distinguished

g Scottish collector, Drummond, who discovered it in Texas, in
1835. Much transformed and improved by cultivation, it has been reintro-

duced into its native America, and is yearly becoming more popular, one well-

known florist cultivating from five to ten acres every year with this plant alone.

There are several varieties, and the number is yearly increasing, with flowers

varying in color from the deepest crimson to the purest white; and the colored

petals are symmetrically arranged around a common center, which itself invariably differs

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CULTIVATION AND ANALYSIS OF PLANTS.

in color from them. The various markings make these flowers to rank with the most
beautiful treasures of the floral kingdom, while they are by no means deficient in fragrance.

As a low-spreading plant, the P. Drummondii is no contemptible rival to the far-famed
and longer-known Verbena. It even possesses some attractions that give it a decided
advantage over that popular flower; for instance, it is less subject to insects and not so
dependent on, moisture, though it is by no means indifferent to attention in this respect.
As a plant for bedding out in large or small quantities, it can scarcely be surpassed, as it
blooms early and continuously through the whole summer and fall until frost. In large
masses it makes the most brilliant and at the same time the most delicate of flower-beds,
while the ease with which it may be cultivated should make it everybody’s flower.

For early blooming it is best to sow the seed in a shallow box only two or three
inches deep, placed where the seedlings can have some protection from the occasional
inclemency of the weather in early spring. It is, however, hardy, and accommodating
enough to dispense with such attentions, absolutely requiring only to have its seed sown
in any garden soil, but the less attention the later the flowers. It will propagate itself
freely by scattering its own seed when fully ripe. To collect the seed of the P. Drum-
mondii, it is necessary to gather the pods when a little more than half ripe, or when they
have begun to turn a yellowish brown. They should then be spread out for four or five
days in some dry, airy place, to complete the ripening process. Where they are allowed
to sow themselves, the ground should not be disturbed in spring, requiring only to be
raked free of rubbish and overlaid with a mixture of half common earth and half manure,
to the depth of about an inch. This will save considerable trouble in the matter of dig-
ging, but will be attended by some extra labor in thinning out. For those, however, who
wish to make the most of the Phloxes, the best method is to sow the seed, as already
recommended, every year, and dig the soil, where they are to bloom, to a spade’s depth,
enriching it at the same time with the best manure at hand. As house plants they are
not desirable, as they show best in open beds or borders.

nature-flower, it is difficult to determine in what respect this plant is
more entitled to that name than a hundred others. The species most
in cultivation is denominated P. albicans, from the Latin @/déco, I make
\ white, because of its abundance of white flowers. It belongs to the
Nightshade family, and is much grown as a house ornament. The
white flowers, which are about an inch in diameter, grow in thick clusters in all
the axils, and emit a pleasant fragrance. They are much used on public occasions,
as at births, marriages and, funerals, in baptismal bouquets, bridal wreaths, and
mortuary chaplets. The Physianthus is a good climber, covering a window-frame
in a short time, yielding itself to the owner’s wishes, and readily assuming such
shape as may be desired. Outdoors in warm latitudes the plants bloom freely throughout

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CULTURE OF FAVORITE PLANTS.

the summer, growing into large bushes with moderate care. They delight in a rich soil
composed of one part cow-manure, one loam, one leaf-mold and one sand. They also
delight in abundance of water during warm weather, and plenty of room for the great
masses of roots which they form. They are most usually propagated by slips of young
wood, but not infrequently by layering. This layering is of course peculiar, as these are
pot plants in northern latitudes, and the process is thus: Shoots from the parent plant
should be pegged down, near to a joint, in an adjoining pot full of the proper soil, but
in which nothing is growing; a little damp moss, or, wanting this, a little cotton-batting
kept moist and placed over the joint, will hasten the operation of rooting. They require
but little rest, and will take it indifferently at any season; their accommodating habit
should not, however, deprive them of due attention in this respect, as they will be all the
better for one or two months’ rest. They will not flourish in less than fifty-five degrees,
and frost will entirely kill them. As they are liable to be infested by mealy bugs and
scales, they should be syringed at least once a day in the growing season.

Od PRIMROSE.

Primroses are very attractive flowers in all the varieties, but those
most frequent in amateur indoor cultivation are of the species dis-
tinguished as the Chinese. These bloom most freely during the latter
part of winter and through the spring, and even often into the sum-
y»mer. The leaves are soft and downy, sumetimes nearly round, and
es in other plants so deeply dentate as to be called fern-leaved. The
NA flowers are like delicate porcelain, and appear in upright clusters, each being
® circular, with a plain or fringed margin. The colors are white, rose, and
varying shades through to-crimson, with a greenish-yellow eye in the center.
They can be grown from the side-shoots (used as cuttings or slips), which,
when low down on the plant, start the rudiments of roots even before removal.
The great trouble is that they are apt to damp off or decay at the base before
rooting. The following method we have found successful. We take the cutting as soon
as severed and dust the end with powdered charcoal; we then press it against the soil,
taking care not to embed it too deeply, and often prop it to keep it upright; the next pro-
cess is to cover it with a bell-glass or other glass shade, which is tilted slightly so as to
admit fresh air. We administer a spoonful of water about every two days. These Prim-
rose cuttings require a moist, still atmosphere when taking root, but should they show
signs of damping off, or becoming sickly, which is evidenced by the leaves becoming
yellow, a little dry sand, charcoal or brickdust supplied around the base will help them.
They do not thrive if too damp, as a softness or rot attacks the stalk, a fine plant often
looking quite healthy at the top when it is gone past redemption just above the root. The
leaves, when torn and faded, should be broken off only halfway up the stem, as otherwise
the disease mentioned is sometimes produced. They should be kept in a shady situation,
and not watered much in summer, as that is their dormant season. When the central stalk

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becomes bare of leaves, the plant may be turned out of its pot and some of the lower
earth removed, the plant replaced and more soil added on the surface. When grown from
seeds, these should be sown on a soil of leaf-mold and manure, the surface being rather
rough; a paper is then to be tied over the pot oy box, and this paper only to be kept
dampened. They begin to germinate in about three weeks. When they have developed
two or three of their downy leaves, they may be given small pots to themselves, being
transferred to larger ones as they grow. For fall blooming they should be sown in
March or April; for later flowering, during midsummer. It is better to carefully sow the
seeds some distance apart, so that in transplanting each can have soil around its root.

ROSE.

held as Queen of Flowers. The purity of her blossoms, the exquisite
texture of the satin or velvet petals, with their rich hues and delicate
tints, the half-pouting buds just untying their green ribbons, the per-
petual incense that arises from their opening lips, charm and enchant
us, subdue and conquer us, and we become most humble servitors at
her throne. There are two grand divisions of Roses recognized by florists and
amateurs, known as the Summer and the Perpetual Roses.. The former bloom
once in summer, whence the name; and under this class are included what are
familiarly called June Roses, June Moss Roses and June Climbers, all of which,
together with sundry allied varieties, are hardy and easy of culture. The second
division are the Perpetual or Remontant Roses, under which are included Bengal, China,
Tea-scented, Bourbon, and Noisette Roses. All of these flower several times in the
season, and should be well trimmed back wherever they make a weak, spindling growth;
the strong, healthy shoots may also with advantage be cut back one-fifth of their length.

According to their habit of growth, Roses may be described as Climbers, Half-climbers,
Intermediates and Dwarfs; and these are found in each division of the Rose family. The
Climbers throw out long main branches, well supplied with shorter side branches that
produce the flowers, in which respect they are different from the others only in the matter
of length; the Half-climbers, roughly estimating, reach, about one-half, the Intermediates
one-fourth, and the Dwarfs one-eighth, as high as the Climbers.

The planting of roses requires special care, and should be trusted to no slovenly hand.
They will grow in any ordinary soil, but the richer it is, the finer will be the bushes and
the more prolific the blossoms. The place where the plants are to be grown should be
dug to the depth of a foot and a half or more, the soil turned to one side, and a good
layer of broken brick, stone or coarse gravel placed in the bottom, overtopped by sods
with the grassy side turned downward, to secure drainage, where such precaution is
necessary; for while the rose likes plenty of water during its growing season, it much dis-
likes to have its roots standing in a pool, which soon shows its effects on foliage and flower.
Good garden loam should be mixed with well rotted manure until thoroughly incorporated,

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CULTURE OF FAVORITE PLANTS.

when the compound should be placed on top of the drainage ready for receiving the plant,
the roots of which should be firmly embedded by pressing the earth about them. If the
soil is very light, it will be necessary to add clay or strong clay-loam to render it more
retentive of moisture. A liberal dressing of marl or blue-clay benefits all Roses. The
first few rain storms should be carefully watched to see if the soil settles, as it doubtless
will do somewhat into the rubbish placed for drainage, and where it does, the shrinkage
should be made good by adding more loam. Top-dressing every year, and the application
of liquid manure about twice a week, during summer, are beneficial. :

It is only by rich feeding that the so-called Perpetual Roses will bloom more than
once a season in this our dry climate. These varieties should be pruned twice a year
—once in June, and again late in the fall; yet of course the pruning depends somewhat
on the latitude in which they are grown. The old wood should be kept well cut out at
all times, especially in house roses. Pruning in spring hastens the starting of the buds,
and should not be done too early, as a sudden frost would at once destroy all prospect
of bloom.

Large trees absorb a great deal of nourishment from the soil, and consequently roses
should not be planted too close to them if perfection is expected. They like fresh soil
very much, and it frequently benefits pot Roses to wash the soil from their roots, giving
them a new supply; but not when budded and blooming, as of course they should not be
then disturbed. Roses demand deep, rich soil and plenty of sun and air, to keep them
free from disease. If Roses are budded or grafted on other roots than their own, as for
instance the brier, or strong-growing wild ones, all canes coming up from the roots should
be destroyed as soon as they are observed, as they would absorb much of the nutriment
necessary to the well-being of the fairer plant.

The Climbers and Half-climbers are generally propagated by layers, and the other

sorts by cuttings. These cuttings should have three or four joints of half-ripened wood, -

and may be made to strike root in some shady corner outdoors during summer. The Tea
and China Roses, which are the most usually cultivated as house-plants, strike root well
if placed along the sides of pots where other plants are growing, as in such situations they
enjoy the required shade and heat. The blind shoots, that is, such as produce no flowerss
are the best for cuttings in all kinds of Rose plants, as they root well and send forth
strong, vigorous flower-bearing stems. If cultivated outside, the Summer Roses can be
planted in spring or autumn. In extreme latitudes the plants should be drawn together
and bound with straw or matting, and the climbers be laid on the ground and covered
with sod, sand or manure. When laying down for winter protection, a few handfuls of
soot thrown in among the, shoots or on the crown is an excellent preventive against the
destructiveness of rats and mice. The‘small Tea Roses are the ones most frequently found
in window culture. The success in cultivation is varied, the heat of dry rooms making
them likely to be devoured by insects unless considerable care is exercised. They suffer
much if their roots become dry, and die outright if kept too wet. A good way to avoid
either extreme is, in potting to put some broken potsherds or charcoal in the bottom, fill-
ing in around the roots with rich soil; then place the pot into one a couple of sizes larger,
and fill the space between with moss or cotton-batting. This intermediate padding should
be kept always damp, thus affording the necessary moisture without excess.
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SAXIPVPRAG LH.

P MONG the rather extensive family of Saxifrages, perhaps the most
commonly cultivated as a house plant is the S. sarmentosa, popularly
known as the Beefsteak Saxifrage, and sometimes as the Strawberry
Geranium. Originally introduced from China or Japan, its hardy
character adapts it to all places and all conditions of the atmosphere
above the freezing point. Its leaves are very nearly heart-shaped, or
- approaching the kidney shape; and are thickish, slightly hairy, of a bright green
on the upper surface, and a flesh or purplish-red color underneath, not unlike the
Begonias. The leaves resemble a small inverted saucer in shape and size, and are
often variegated along the edges, or reticulated throughout with peculiar salmon-
colored markings, mixed with a yellowish-white. One of the varieties derives its
distinguishing name from this feature, being called tricolor. Most varieties.of the Saxi-
frage are liable to run back, as florists say, to the condition of the primitive plant, a plain
green on the upper surface of the leaves. It is much cultivated as a parlor ornament in
a hanging-basket in combination with others, or grown by itself as a specimen plant,
sending over the sides long strings of stems and leaves, which can be easily trained to
completely cover the pot. The method of propagation is ordinarily by the little tufts or
bunches of miniature plants that grow upon the strings or runners, or upon the sides of
the old plant. These will strike root readily in any damp soil or sand, and indeed are
often provided with rootlets before being separated from a parent plant. They can also be
raised from seeds. These plants require an abundance of moisture, and a temperature of
not less than sixty degrees. They can be easily kept green all the year round, if thought
desirable, by giving them water and a shady situation in a good, rich soil, although they
‘will accommodate themselves to a very poor one,

SCILLA.,

“HIO and the States west and south thereof produce a species of
indigenous Scilla scientifically known as the S. Fraseri, and popu-
larly as Wild Hyacinth. The Scilla is a member of the Liliaceous
family, and has been long noted for its medicinal properties under
the familiar product of syrup of squills, which, however, is chiefly
ce produced from the allied genus, Urginea Scilla. As an indoor or
outdoor plant there are few bulbs that give more satisfaction in proportion to
the care and time bestowed. Fora small plant it is highly ornamental, and
is much used for edgings of boxes or stands in parlors, or beds and borders
outdoors, being very hardy and requiring little or no protection. Its pretty
racemes of fine azure-blue flowers, half an inch to an inch in diameter, are
very attractive, as they form a good contrast with the surrounding foliage. Among the
y earliest of plants to bloom outdoors, they gladden their owners at the first disappearance

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CULTURE OF FAVORITE PLANTS.

of frost, being often seen piercing through the late-lying snow. They like a good, rich
soil, but will not disdain to grow in even a poor one, though of course with some preju-
dice to the strength and beauty of leaf and flower. The more moisture the better, pro-
vided only that it be not stagnant. In outdoor growth they may be left undisturbed for
years; and such annuals as Mignonettes, Petunias and the like, may he sown in the same
beds while the Scillas are having their season of rest throughout the whole summer.
They are self-propagating by the outgrowth of their tubers, or by their ripened seeds, if
the soil be not too much disturbed; and can of course be propagated hy the cultivator in
the same way. The effect of a mass of their flowers blooming in the early spring amidst
the belated snow is picturesquely beautiful; they will bloom all the earlier for having been
planted in some quiet, sheltered nook. The bulbs can be taken up and cared for as in the
Crocus, but it is really of no advantage, as they will take care of themselves and do better
if left undisturbed.

SHDUM.

OMMONLY known by the name of Wall-pepper, or Pepper-moss,
the Sedum acre is a low-growing, thick-leaved plant of the Orpine
family. The Sedum Sieboldii is another species of a higher growth,
brought from Japan by the eminent traveler and Japanese explorer,
Dr. P. F. Von Siebold. Both are favorite rock plants, and extensively
cultivated in windows as well as for rock work, being of a hardy
“habit and requiring but little care. The S. acre is much used for edgings or
borders, and withstands the frost of even our northern latitudes. Spreading
broadly along the ground, and rising to a height of from one to two inches, it
resembles a carpeting of moss, but surpasses these plants in bearing a very con-
siderable number of bright-ycllow flowers during the season of bloom. Some
rocky, barren districts in Europe are rendered quite picturesque by the large
masses of the Sedum that grow in the fissures and on the ledges. The S. Sieboldii is a
prettier as well as a larger plant than the S. acre, and its peculiar growth in pot culture ren-
ders it a more universal favorite. Its stems gracefully droop over the edge of the pot to
a length of from nine to fifteen inches, sending out a cluster of three roundish leaves at
intervals about an inch apart along the whole length, and producing a terminal cluster of
greenish-white flowers to each stem. There are some varieties with very prettily varic-
gated leaves, and some with the leaves almost entirely white and having a purplish fringe
along the outer edge. Being thick and fleshy, they present an appearance of wax leaves.
Any sandy soil will grow the Sedums well, and they require no manure, liquid or otherwise.
The S. Sieboldii will be the better for a season of rest for two or three months; and
can be propagated from cuttings of about two inches in length, after the manner of the
Cactus; while the S. acre is generally best propagated by divisions of the old plant. A
laterand more hardy variety is the S. macrophyllum, or large-leaved, which is rapidly
rising into favor. Being easy of cultivation, and generally of a variegated foliage, it
commends itself asa special favorite for indoor or outdoor ornamentation.

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SHLAGINEHLIA.,

scientific title of the family to which this genus Selaginella belongs.
The family is commonly called Club Moss, and this genus West-
\ India Moss, the finest specimens having been imported into Europe
~~ from those regions. Though scientifically ranked with the Mosses,
they are in reality a sort of intervening group or connecting link between
the Mosses and the Ferns. Many of the species rise to no inconsiderable

an inch to two feet. The S. densa, which is among the low-growing species,
forms a dense mass of minute Fern-like foliage resembling a thickly-wooded
forest in miniature. There are at least twenty species in common indoor culti-
vation, and easy to be procured from the florists. The chief use made of the
Selaginellas is in Wardian cases, or as forming a pleasant topping for hanging-baskets,
boxes and the like. They delight in abundant moisture and a high temperature, and will
grow well in a common sitting-room in some shady nook, where the atmosphere is gen-
ally still and moist. They are propagated by cuttings or divisions, but more easily by the
latter method.. One part chopped moss, one peat-earth, and one sandy loam, with a few
pieces of charcoal, will form an excellent compost for their growth. They are easily kept
green all the year round by a little extra attention in the matter of watering.

SMILAX.

ARELY has any climbing vine. taken such hold of the popular heart
for decorative purposes as has this delicate, twining, bright-leaved
beauty. Thousands of yards are used every year for decorations on
all occasions, both joyous and sad. It is a native of the Cape of
Good Hope, and constitutes an independent order of plants nearly
! allied to the Lilies. The root is formed by numerous tubers united
in a crown, from which the vines spring. A fertile sandy soil is the best
adapted for its culture, and while in an active or growing state it should have
a copious supply of water, which might be occasionally interchanged with
liquid manure. The vine itself resembles a fine cord following a zig-zag course
like a shallow herring-bone stitch, at each angle or joint of which there is
a glossy leaf of oval shape, with veins running lengthwise, the effect of which is
to give it a rather unique appearance. After it has started, small twine must be
supplied for a support, except it be left to fall as it pleases. The flowers, which in this
plant are a secondary consideration, are a greenish-white, and fragrant. The vines are
used in making floral arches in the house, or in the garden in a sheltered nook, for forming
festoons and wreathing around baskets. They are propagated by division of the roots

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CULTURE OF FAVORITE PLANTS. i

and from seeds. For parlor culture it is best to secure good, healthy plants that are just
about to start into leaf; as, if too far advanced in growth when removed, they are very
liable to suffer from the change of situation unless in the hands of some one thoroughly
skilled in their management. They are much helped by a daily syringing of the leaves,
or, if inaccessible, the free use of a feather duster is a partial substitute. When raising
the Smilax from the seed, the amateur must wait at least two years for his plant, though
skilled cultivators have developed it in one year. The time for planting is in October,
though greenhouse-men manage to keep two sets—one for summer and one for winter
growth, planting a second time in midwinter. It does not require a very sunny place,
and when at rest should have but little water until the vines begin to start. It needs
frequent syringings to repel the red spider, its most formidable and destructive enemy.

STHPHANOTIS.

Uy

yy ADAGASCAR is the native home of the Stephanotis floribunda,

a lovely plant of the Milkweed family. It is called Stephanotis
from two Greek words denoting crown and ear, because of the
resemblance in the shape of the anther, the crown of the stamen,
to the human ear; and floribunda, from the wealth of its bloom.
Most of the Milkweed family are not climbers, but the Stephanotis,
‘the Hoya and some others, are exceptions. The flowers are from
one to two inches long, with a waxen, pearly appearance, and grow in clusters
around the stems of the axils, and being also very fragrant and of rather a
.) handsome shape, they are of course much used for bouquets and floral decora-
tions. The leaves are thick, fleshy and waxy, with a dark-green midrib, and
are themselves a source of much beauty. The Stephanotis, though commonly
ranked with hothouse plants, is easily cultivated in a parlor, and will flourish well through-
out the winter if kept clean, supplied with liquid manure and tepid rainwater, and kept
in an atmosphere not less than sixty-five degrees. About the beginning of summer it
should be moved outdoors and placed, with or without its pot, in some partially-shaded
bed or border, to enjoy a needed rest, and be moved back late in August or early in Sep-
tember to where it is designed to bloom. It can be propagated from leaves in the manner
described under Hoyas, the stem end being inserted in sand to the depth of about half an
inch. The plants of this genus are subject to scales and what are called cotton-bugs,
which should be wiped off with a sponge in open places, and rubbed off with a half-worn
tooth brush in the axils; but the regular syringing will ordinarily prevent their appear-
ance. Although natives of a hot climate, they are liable to be scorched by intense heat
through glass, and hence should be withdrawn from the glare of the sun. Perhaps,
because being by nature clingers to something larger than themselves, a protecting
shadow has become indispensable. The soil used is common peat earth, with a slight
admixture of manure and sand to insure the necessary freedom from stagnant moisture.

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CULTIVATION AND ANALYSIS OF PLANTS.

= TRITOM A.

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an IRE-POKER plant is the familiar name of what is scientifically
PAN known as the Tritoma uvaria. Tritoma signifies thrice-cut, in the

ai original Greek, and is supposed to represent the three sharp edges of
SA the leaf, namely, the two margins and the keel; and uvaria, from the
Latin, denotes the not very close resemblance of its raceme of flowers
to a bunch of grapes. At a distance, the spike-like raceme looks more
like a red-hot poker (whence its very expressive nickname), and, with its
supporting stalk rises to a height of from two to four feet, nearly one-half being
’ covered with the bloom. The flowers at their first appearance are a bright red,
and change through all the shades of that color down to a light yellow, in which
they continue the best part of the season. They are conspicuous at quite a dis-
tance, and never fail to attract attention by their peculiar manner of growth; near at hand
they are no less striking by the offensiveness of their smell. The leaves, unlike those of
most of the other Liliaceous plants, are narrow and grass-like, looking very much like a
large tuft of dark-green pampas-grass; but they make up in numbers for what they lack
in width. The Tritomas are often set out as ornamental plants in landscapes, lawns and
gardens; but are scarcely ever introduced into the parlor or displayed in the window.
This is another of those Cape of Good Hope bulbs that contribute so largely to the
diversification of our Flora; and by its hardy habit is easily cared for even in our colder
northern latitudes. Placed in a box, with a slight covering of earth to protect the roots,
and an equally light covering of hay or straw for the head, it will survive any ordinary
winter in a common cellar; and can be again planted early in spring as soon as all danger
of the heavier frosts has disappeared. The Tritoma will flourish with the same soil and
treatment as other Liliaceous plants; and may be propagated in the manner described
under the head “ Lily.”

TROPHOLUM.

ASTURTIUM, from the Latin, meaning nose-twisted, is perhaps
a more significant name for this genus of plants than the one given
it in science. It was probably intended to express by that word
the pungent odor; while the scientific name Tropeolum, from the
Greek ¢rop@on, a trophy, seems to have no special application,
unless it be because of the shield-like shape of the leaves; and
perhaps an observable, though not very striking, resemblance between the
flower and an inverted helmet. In ancient Greece, trophies raised on the field
of battle were composed largely of captured shields and helmets. It is nick-
named Indian Cress on account of its sharp, pungent taste and its occasional
use as a salad. The beauty of the flowers and leaves make it ‘an excellent
adornment for fences and rock work, while the fresh leaves may be used as a table vege-
table, possessing marked anti-scorbutic properties. The T. Lobbianum, so called after Mr.
386

CULTURE OF FAVORITE PLANTS.

Lobb, a distinguished English collector, and the T. peregrinum, named from its ram-
bling propensities, are perhaps the choicest and most popular species for conservatory, par-
lor or window culture. In greenhouses they are grown abundantly, being trained along
the rafters, where their brilliant blossoms illuminate the whole house, giving an abundant
supply of floral gems for bouquets and decorative purposes. The Tom Thumb or dwarf
bushy species are perhaps the best for hanging-baskets. The varieties in color are quite
numerous, and the velvety texture of the flowers is charming, while the odor somewhat
resembles the aromatic Cinnamon. When grown in quantities the seeds are gathered for
pickles, and are used the same as capers. There are several very delicate tuberous varie-
ties, differing in blossom from the ordinary kind, and only retaining their foliage a part
of the year. They are adapted to pot culture, and bloom during April and May, after-
ward requiring plenty of sun or heat to ripen the roots; as the vines begin to die away,
water should be gradually withheld. The pots should be turned on their sides, and kept
dry until autumn, when they begin to start vines again. Among the choice species are
the Tropzolum azureum, with an azure-colored flower; T. Jarrattii, yellow and scarlet,
blooming abundantly; T. speciosum, scarlet; T. tricolorum, scarlet, yellow and black;
and several others. All the Tropzolums, to grow well, must have plenty of moisture, a
soil rather poor than otherwise, and frequent sprinklings to keep off the red spider.

TUBEHROSE.

all allied to the Roses, as is often supposed merely because of the
identity of the final syllable. The name really springs from the
tuberous character of the roots; and the scientific name, Polianthus,
is also rather confusing, as it lacks distinctive expression, meaning
City-flower. It belongs to the Amaryllis family, and is chiefly cultivated
for its fragrant flowers, which are of a pale sulphury-white color. The
tubers of this odoriferous plant may be kept dormant for a long time in any
dry, airy, cool place, but must be protected from frost. For early blooming
they can be planted from January to March indoors; for later growth, at any
time until June. Whenever the tubers show signs of growth, they should be
planted at once in pot, box or bed where they are to bloom. Of course it will be
necessary in winter to give them shelter in conservatory, greenhouse or elsewhere, with
plenty of warmth and light. Neither as tuber or plant.can they be touched by frost with
impunity. In planting, as in all similar cases, the small tubers are best taken off and set
in separate places. These will bloom in about two years if not neglected. A rich, loamy
soil having been provided, a few pieces of broken crockery are placed over the hole of a
six-inch pot, with the addition of a little moss if at hand, and the earth filled in to within
about half an inch of the top, so as to cover the tuber about two thirds of its own length.
When all danger of frost is over, they can be turned out of their pots into the border, or
with them placed in the soil, to be brought into the house later if desired, when in bloom.

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When the stalks begin to run up, stakes or rods should be driven into the ground near
them, and the plants secured against the wind. In or out of doors they require an average
heat of about sixty degrees, and should therefore be housed early enough not to be touched
with frost. In their season of rest the temperature may be reduced to forty, but they are
all the better for fifty degrees of heat and no stagnant moisture. Being evergreen in the
native state, it is conjectured by some that the Tuberose could be sufficiently rested with-
out allowing its leaves to die; and some florists have them in flower nearly all the year
round.

ONE TULIP.
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“REAT favorites in former times, when their cultivation fairly
amounted to a mania, the Tulips have enjoyed the distinction of
having immense sums freely spent in the endeavor to procure some
»hew variety. Those times, already far in the past, will return to
¥ them no more; yet they will never entirely lose their popularity,
as their gorgeous blossoms brighten the earth simultaneously with
the Hyacinth and Crocus, or about as soon as the grasses begin to clothe
Se sCher in a mantle of green. Tulips are grown abroad much more than in this
iN country, though they are as easy of culture here’ as there. There are special
4 exhibitions of Tulips held in many countries of Europe every year, which cir-
cumstance naturally gives a great impetus to their cultivation, and is itself a
survival of the old mania. They construct canvas tents for their Tulip beds,
which they hasten to throw up on the approach of every storm, and in many ways mani-
fest a special concern about this favored plant. These show-flowers are known under the
names of Bazaar, Flamed, Feathered and Self-colored Tulips. The latter are often watched
for years, if well marked, to note their transformation into one of the other divisions. If
the event transpires favorably, and a remarkably unique specimen is produced, it is seldom
sold for less than one hundred dollars.

Tulips will grow in almost any soil unless there is too much moisture. The bulbs
should be planted about six inches apart and covered up to the depth of four inches. The
best season for planting is in October. As a protection against severe frost, a layer of
leaves about six inches deep, with a foot of stable manure added, will be effective. This
covering should of course be removed early in spring. In planting, the usual underlying
handful of sand will be found, as a protection against rot, as serviceable to Tulip bulbs as
to any others. After the flowers and leaves have dicd down, the bulbs should be taken up
and stored away in some place not subject to damp. There are principally three species
in cultivation, viz.: the Dutch, or Van Thol, the Oriental, and the Parrot. To secure a
pleasing continuity of flowers, the readiest method is to set bulbs of each of these. The
Van Thols bloom in March and April, the Parrots later, and the Orientals ‘last, terminat-
ing with June. The Van Thols or Dwarf Tulips are usually planted for window or
greenhouse culture; the others are not so well adapted to such purposes.

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CULTURE OF FAVORITE PLANTS. \

VHEHRBHNA.

‘) ERBENA is a flower to which we are perhaps more indebted for
the gaiety of our gardens than to any other; and is a simple, procum-
bent plant from Buenos Ayres. For large beds nothing can equal
it, as with judicious training a few plants can be made to cover con-
siderable surface. The beds appear to the best advantage when cut
directly in the lawn or grass, as the surrounding green heightens the
effect of the brilliant colors by the strong contrast. Although the
Verbena will grow in almost any soil, to thrive well it should have that most
congenial to it, which is about two ‘parts loam, the samc quantity of leaf-mold
or manure, and one part good sand. - Having secured plants of such colors as
will harmonize well, let there he made a cavity the size of the pot they are in,
the ball be placed within it, and the soil pressed close around, the plants being
arranged two feet apart each way. The branches are then to be laid entirely flat to the
ground, and pinned down, so that they will root at the joints, for which purpose broom-
splints doubled, forked sticks,.or, what would be still better, the common wire hairpin,
could be used, this treatment to be continued as long as the branches extend themselves.
It would be an advantage to pinch off the early buds until the plants are well established,
the future bloom being sufficient compensation. Watering freely at first, secures good
leafage, which affords much protection in case of drouth. Seedlings, although they can be
started in the open air with ease, give earlier bloom if sown in a box in the house or hotbed.

These plants are also most excellent for window boxes and verandas having a sunny
exposure. In pot culture, for success, they must be kept in a growing state continually to
insure health and thrift. Cuttings make better plants than the old ones, and should com-
prise about three joints of the young growth. They can be rooted in wet sand, and even
in water; in either case they should he potted as soon as rooting is assured.

VIOLET,

(a Oe iaees used for nae aee and floral decorations, bers as distin-
are generally cultivated in four or five varieties, such as the Nenpuli-
tan or Italian, the English, the Russian, etc., and are highly valued
by florists for winter decorations. For window culture they are best
; grown in a box, though with extra attention in the way of water and
- cleanliness they will grow well in pots. They all require a rich, sandy loam,
and a shady situation. In moist climates they are much used in borders or for
the edgings of walks. The flowers are small and simple, and not at all to be
compared with the Pansy, though they have a very fine odor of their own,
which makes them very acceptable in the absence of that transcendent favorite.
In the early summer the plants, which grow in bunches, should be set out, about a foot hi

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CULTIVATION AND ANALYSIS OF PLANTS.

apart, in some quiet, sheltered place, the weeds and grass kept well subdued, and a lib-
eral supply of water given when required. It will be of great advantage to mulch them
with leaf-mold, sawdust or manure, according to circumstances, filling up the interstices
between the plants, and completely covering the soil to the depth of two or three inches.
As soon as frost makes its appearance, frames should be set over the beds and covered
with glazed sashes, and in cold latitudes these frames should be banked with stable
manure. In extremely cold weather the sashes will require to be covered with mats or
shutters, which should be made close-fitting and weatherproof. Thus protected, they will
bloom early in spring, otherwise the flowers will come later, or not at all. The extra
labor and expense will be recompensed by the earlier flowering of these plants; and the
frames, sashes, mats and shutters can be used for many other less hardy plants after having
done service for the Violets. In warm climates these precautions are of course unneces-
sary, as there they will bloom all the year round if desired. Indoors, the flowers begin
to appear in autumn, and continue to bloom through the winter and spring.

WHIGHLA.

“3 ANDSOME, hardy and accommodating, the Weigela, so called in
“a honor of the German botanist, Weigel, is a desirable shrub of the
Bignonia family. The original species, introduced from China, was
designated W. rosea, because of its rose-colored flowers. It is one
of the prettiest of the shrubs that have, through the zeal of collectors
within the last fifty years, been made to enrich the Flora of Europe and
America. The large, trumpet-shaped flowers, appearing generally in
pairs at the axils on almost every stem, add much to the beauty of the plants,
while the foliage admirably supports by its density and abundance the graceful
effect. One new variety, called the W. variegata, will often have some leaves
entirely white, others green, and still others mixed, all in the same plant.
Another variety, the W. amabilis, will flower from May to October, surpass-
ing the varicgata and rosea, whose blooming is confined to the earlier months, May and
June; it also is superior to them in size of leaf. Small specimens of any of the Weigelas
may be grown in the parlor, and being hardier than most house plants, are easily taken
care of. They should have a season of rest, by withholding water, for one or two months
in the early fall, to ripen their wood before being transferred to the house for winter
blooming. The same course can be adopted to advantage with those which are to be
left out all winter, for if watered freely to the close of the season, the frost would find
many green shoots, through which it would seriously damage the whole plant. Being
hearty feeders, they luxuriate in abundance of rich, liquid manure during the flowering
season, in or out of doors; and the soil in which they grow can scarcely be made too rich.
During hot, dry weather, they demand a free use of the watering pot. They can be best
propagated by layering or side-shoots; by cuttings, also, if taken while the shoots are
fresh and green, but these require to be carefully watered and protected from the winds.

39°

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ECHANICAL imitation of our predecessors in the choice
and culture of favorite plants, for the most part borrowed
from abroad, is not worthy of our age or country. Powers
of independent observation should be cultivated by amateur
culturists, as nothing contributes so much to their enjoy-
ment as what they discover for themselves. More espe-
cially is this applicable to the study of indigenous plants,
so frequently neglected by persons who pride themselves
upon their knowledge of the common exotics. Every
climate is especially adapted to the growth of certain kinds
of plants, which propagate themselves naturally in their
proper habitat, with little or no effort or labor on the part of
the cultivator. A knowledge of these circumstances will
er. ) render easy the covering up of blemishes in the landscape, or unsightly
patches in a yard, lawn or garden. It is a fact not creditable to our exercise
~~, of independent judgment or natural taste, that very many of the native Ameri-
can wild flowers find a cordial welcome in the gardens of the European
aristocracy, while denied the smallest attention in their own home, republican
America. This is entirely wrong, as many desolate-looking homesteads could
be made quite cheerful by the presence of these neglected beauties. With
mi very little trouble, expense or attention, these wild flowers could in many
BAY RY instances be made to rival or eclipse the imported favorites. Many species
of wild native shrubs and plants are being pushed out of existence by the agricultural
needs or heedless unconcern of our advancing civilization, and like their human anti-
types and cotemporaries, the Indians, bid fair to be entirely overwhelmed and rooted
out, before many generations, if not rescued by timely interference. Possessing an indige-
nous Flora of great intrinsic beauty, no specimen that survives former neglect should
be allowed to perish by the more enlightened flower-lovers of today. Nor should this
work of preservation be left to directors of botanical gardens, professional florists and
enterprising seedsmen; but all lovers of their country who cherish a friendly interest for
plants should labor in this neglected vineyard, assured of a pleasant, if not an enriching,
reward. Wild flowers are nature’s jewels in emerald settings.

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CULTIVATION AND ANALYSIS OF PLANTS.

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CHOICE NATIVE WILD FLOWERS.

Among the most widely-spread and attractive of native wild flowers are the following,
selected from an almost innumerable multitude of like beauties.

Anemone nemorosa, or Wind-flower of the Woods, is a pretty, low-growing plant, adapted to any
shady border or neglected corner in a garden, or where most other plants will refuse to grow. It is an
early bloomer, shooting up its pinkish-white flower before the frost is fairly out of the ground. There
are six species of the Anemone indigenous to the United States, and some imported ones are also culti-
vated. (See A. coronaria, p. 18.) ;

Uvularia, or Bellwort, is one of the prettiest of the native Lilies, and blooms about as early as the
Anemone. It comprises four well-known species, viz.: U. grandiflora, U. perfoliata, U. sessiliflora and
U. flava, any of which is worthy of a place in the choicest indoor or outdoor collection.

Erythronium, or Dogtooth Violet—which, by the way, is not a Violet, but a Lily—is also a very
pretty low-growing wild flower, which blooms about the same time as the foregoing; it Kas blotched
leaves, and its lily-like flowers gracefully droop and recurve their petals, as in the Fuchsia, but in open
sunlight become wheel-shaped. There are four species of this plant which are indigenous in our Amer-
ican woods, all pretty, and destined to become general favorites for parlor or garden, as they already are
in Europe.

Dodecatheon Meadia, or Shooting Star —sometimes called the American Cowslip, and not unfre-
quently in Illinois the Prairie Pointer —is one of our neglected prairie-flowers worthy of a better fate.
Flowering quite early, and needing but a damp place in any common soil in or out of doors, it fully
equals the Cyclamen in the color, form and fragrance of its blossoms.

Tradescantia Virginica, or Spiderwort, is already described (p. 281), to which may be added that it
will flourish with little attention, in any soil, in or out of doors, requiring only plenty of sunlight and
water. ;

Coreopsis, or Tickseed, already described (p. 94), is as easily grown as any of the foregoing wild
flowers, but requires plenty of room to develop its best specimens.

Asclepias tuberosa, or Butterfly Weed — sometimes called Pleurisy Root — is a very fine ornamental
plant that grows wild on most sandy or gravely soils throughout the country, awaiting the notice of flori-
culturists. In a few instances it has been transferred to gardens with good effect, and will no doubt one
day be extensively cultivated in and out of doors, as its perennial roots, besides its native attractiveness,
will specially recommend it.

Cassia Chamecrista, literally signifying Dwarf-crested Cassia, is familiarly called Partridge Pea,
because of an alleged partiality of the partridge for its seed. When not in flower it so closely resembles
the Mimosa, or Sensitive Plant, as to be sometimes mistaken for it; and ag it evinces a degree of sensi-
tiveness, by closing on the approach of rain or night, this mistake is not inexcusable. But they are essen-
tially different, as the Cassia has a very bright, showy, large, yellow flower, while the flower of the
Mimosa is very insignificant. The Cassia has already been introduced into the seedsmen’s catalogues,
and is of course forevermore rescued from oblivion. It is adapted to indoor or outdoor purposes, and
those who have experimented with it prefer to raise the seedlings under glass.

Liatris, or Blazing Star of our western prairies, is a very fine, showy plant for outdoor cultivation.
There are at least ten species indigenous to the United States, all of them pretty, desirable, and easily
cultivated. Their bright, purple-red flower-spikes constitute their chief attraction.

Gentiana crinita, or Fringed Gentian,.so graphically described by our great American poet, William
Cullen Bryant, is deserving of all the effort and expense that may be necessary to introduce it into cultiva-
tion. It now grows naturally in moist, sandy places, and those who seek to cultivate it should endeavor
to prepare similar surroundings. There is quite a number of other species of the Gentian, all of them
hardy, interesting and worthy of attention. Many of these will undoubtedly prove to be very acceptable
house plants, as well as garden ornaments, at no very distant day.

Asters, or Starworts, are a numerous family of extremely pretty plants, there being no less than sixty
native American species, all of which are very admirable for the abundance and beauty of their flowers.

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NEGLECTED BEAUTIES. “fr
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Sometimes a single plant will attract great attention on account of the dense masses of flowers with which
it is covered. The most common and perhaps the most desirable species are the A- multiflorus, just
alluded to, generally abounding in white flowers; the A. grandiflorus, where the flowers are somewhat
larger and usually purple, with a yellow eye; and the A. cyaneus, with lanceolate leaves and large blue
flowers; this last is perhaps the handsomest of all the Asters. It is clear that these plants may be easily
cultivated here in their native habitat, when so many have been cultivated in Europe as exotics. They
will grow in any soil, providing it is artificially or naturally kept moist. Some species grow too large for
indoor culture, but the smallest plants of the A. multiflora would certainly prove very delightful house
plants, as their mild fragrance, abundant bloom and comparative indifference to attention could not fail to
give satisfaction.

The wild plants here selected will constitute a nice collection in themselves, and have
been chosen because of their general excellence, and also because they will supply a
continuous bloom, in about the order in which they have been named, from early spring
until early frost. But time and space would fail us to enumerate half the beautiful wild
plants that adorn our woods, prairies, mountain slopes and shaded valleys, and the little
that has been said is rather by way of suggestion than elaborate treatment.

2 doorway, over a mantelpiece, or to entwine a picture, is so great that
it is difficult to make a choice. And even in our northern latitudes
anybody who is rich enough to afford a fire during the night may
indulge in a choice climbing plant. The investment of a few cents in such
seeds will furnish, with little care, a beautiful framework of foliage and flowers
for a whole winter. The wealthy may indulge in an endless variety of pretty
climbers, native and exotic, but every one may have one or more of the native
kinds, which scarcely fall behind the more expensive imported beauties. Some
are cultivated for the richness and abundance of their foliage, which is, moreover,
in a few varieties, remarkably variegated; others for their curiously-shaped flowers —
like a bell, finger, or trumpet— which are also often strikingly marked in various colors.

There is a pleasure in daily watching a plant climb, creep, or twine itself around the
things near it. The rapid growth of many of them is truly wonderful, some making no
less than six inches in a single day. The seeming intelligence with which they appear to
feel and reach out for supports is one of the most striking phenomena of plant life. The
adjusted proportion with which they push out a flower here and a bunch of leaves there,
is truly artistic, being carried on under the guidance of that greatest of all artists, Mother
Nature.

The whole collection here loosely designated Climbing Plants, may more properly be

divided into Climbing, Twining, Creeping and Trailing Plants, from each of which |

classes a few choice examples are subjoined.
393 :
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CULTIVATION AND ANALYSIS OF PLANTS.

CLIMBERS.

Climbers proper are such as send out coiled tendrils, an inch or more in length, by
which they lay hold of either projection or crevice, to sustain themselves as they climb.
They, however, sometimes dispense with these tendrils when a natural support for the
main stems has been already attained; as, for instance, when a long shoot has reached the
summit of a house, tree, or other horizontal or nearly horizontal surface. Among them
the most deservedly popular are perhaps the following:

Passiflora Fordii.—Ford’s Passion-flower, so called in honor of a celebrated English florist of that
name, is one of the prettiest and every way most desirable of the true climbers, being larger than the
older type, P. coerulea (p. 233), and more easily cultivated. It is preéminently a parlor plant, surpassing
anything of the kind that has been introduced for years; it will, however, like most climbers, do well
outdoors from early summer until frost. The very remarkable shape and appearance of the blossom,
from which the generic name Passion-flower is derived, is still more conspicuously beautiful and well-
marked in this variety, which has most probably been hybridized from the old P. ceerulea and the later P.
trifasciata.

Clematis virginiana. The common Wild Virgin’s Bower is known scientifically by this name, and
it is among the finest of outdoor climbers, being well adapted to conceal unsightly objects in a lawn, yard
or garden. (See “ Deformities Concealed,” page 333.) It is covered with large clusters of white flowers
in July and August, which are followed by a crop of the large, plumose, grayish tufts that envelop the
seeds, making the plant appear as if short wool-clippings had been spread all over it, thus constituting
a very singular object in a collection.

Clematis Sieboldii, originating in Japan and introduced thence by the well-known traveler whose
name it bears, has very large blossoms of an azure-blue color, not unlike those of the Passion-flower. It
is a rapid grower, and flowers constantly indoors, and, in tropical climates, out of doors. ‘

Clematis Jackmanni, so called from a florist of that name, is a hybrid from the C. Sieboldii and
some other species of Clematis. It has a very large flower. of a purplish-blue color, often five or six
inches in width. The flowers have unusually long footstalks; hence they stand away from the stems
and leaves, giving the plant quite a graceful and unique appearance.

Clematis John Gould Veitch, or “Double Blue Clematis,” is perhaps the climax of beauty and
grace in the Clematis tribe. The flowers are not only double and of a fine azure-blue, but they last
longer than the others, often remaining for several weeks; and a well-grown plant sometimes gives the
appearance of a string of blue balls, reaching from the base to the summit.

There are perhaps not less than forty other species or varieties of the beautiful Clem-
atises, all in cultivation, which may be procured from any first-class florist.

Cobea scandens, or Climbing Cobea, is an extremely handsome climbing plant, with large, pinnate
leaves, producing a dark-purple flower not unlike that of the Foxglove in shape, and blooms all summer
out of doors.” Indoors it will bloom throughout the winter. There is a variegated sort which has the
added attraction of varying colors in the leafage, sometimes the leaflets on one leafstalk being entirely
white, while those on the next will be the usual green.

Eccremocarpus seaber, literally Rough Hanging-fruit, is a very beautiful climber; its leaves resem-
ble some of the Ferns or the Meadow Rue, and it ‘has a flower which is a dull red on the top, and a light
yellow at the bottom. The plant grows rapidly in a warm atmosphere, in or our of doors.

Cucurbitacex, or Gourd Family, comprise many beautiful climbers (see Lagenaria vulgaris, p. 147;
Echinocystis lobata, p. 333). They are highly ornamental both in fruit and foliage, and admirably adapted
to hiding unsightly places.

TWINERS.

Under this term are included such plants as do not shoot out tendrils like the climbers

proper, but wind or twine their stems or leaves around supports as they mount upward.

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NEGLECTED BEAUTIES.

Ipomeea, or Morning Glory, is perhaps the best known of twining plants, and is entirely worthy of
its great popularity. Its habit of growth is very peculiar: At first it sends forth two curiously-shaped
seed-leaves, quite different from the aftergrowth. Between these two leaves springs a shoot with a small,
heart-shaped leaf, which grows toa relatively large size; for when first noticed it is like a pin’s head, and in
a few days it reaches a diameter of three or four inches. The shoot mounts higher, throwing these broad
leaves to either side, and twines around any projection that offers, as if gifted with intelligence. In time
a trumpet-shaped flower appears at the axil, opening most generally in early morning, whence its
common name; and, perishing before night, is not infrequently replaced by other flowers, sometimes to
the number of eight or ten, continuously, on the same axil.

Quamoelit vulgaris, or Cypress Vine, is already described, page 171.

Calystegia sepium, or Bracted Bindweed of the Hedges, is a twining plant often found by the road-
sides of our country, east and south of the Mississippi, and is a very fine plant, well adapted to house
culture. A double variety of it is much used by the florists for hanging-baskets and for training into
window-frames in or out of doors. The roots being perennial, it can be kept from year to year undis-
turbed in the same place, to yield its annual wealth of leaves and flowers as a cheap embellishment to our
homes. The ease with which it may be secured, as well as cultivated, should not be allowed to depreciate
its value in the estimation of lovers of flowers. Should the vine at any time become unsightly, the whole
may be pruned down to the ground, when it will make a new, healthy start, if in a warm atmosphere and
duly refreshed alternately with liquid manure and water.

Boussingaultia baselloides, or Madeira Vine. This is another cheap and easily procurable twiner,
requiring but little care in the development of its beauties. It will grow thirty feet long, and spread
laterally as much more, in one season, under favorable circumstances. As the plants grow larger they
need more root-room, and therefore require not infrequently to be transferred to larger pots several times
in a season. It will do no harm to begin with a larger pot than they need, provided that the soil is not too
much watered.

Mikania scandens, or Parlor Ivy (perhaps more familiarly known as German Ivy), is a rapid-growing
substitute for the slower and more valuable English Ivy, this rapidity of leafing constituting. its principal
recommendation.

Lonicera, or Honeysuckle, of which there are several highly-prized species in cultivation, is a well
and favorably known genus of twining plants. The most popular species is perhaps the L. sempervirens
or Trumpet Honeysuckle. It flowers all the season out of doors, and makes a good parlor plant when
rightly cared for, blooming all the year round in skillful hands, whence it is called sempervirens, always
green or flourishing. It is unnecessary to describe or even to name the different species or varieties

of the Honeysuckle; they are all pretty and desirable twiners, easily procured and as easily cultivated, and
most of them are very hardy.

Celastrus scandens, or Climbing Bittersweet, is a native twiner with beautiful, glossy leaves, and
waxy, red berries which hang on the plant until late in the fall, and often through the winter.

Aristolochia sipho, or Dutchman’s Pipe, is already described on page 35.

Lathyrus odoratus, or Sweet Pea, is another old favorite because of its abundant butterfly-shaped
flowers, and the sweet fragrance (whence its specific name), which may be replaced but not surpassed by
new claimants for popular esteem. The different varieties have differently-colored flowers, and from a
single seed-packet one may sometimes have half a dozen variations in color.

Maurandia, in three choice varieties, mostly with a pale-purple or bluish flower, is an acceptable,
low-growing twiner, adapted to hanging-baskets and window-screens.

Thunbergia, also in three varieties, somewhat resembles the Morning Glory, but the tube of the
corolla is closer, and the flower is more flattened on the top, resembling a miniature table. The color is
orange, yellow or white, with a black eye in the center of each flower. They are very subject to Red
Spider, and therefore not desirable for house plants.

Menispermum Canadense, or Canadian Moonseed, is among the favorite twiners, but is not so gene-
rally known among amateur culturists as it deserves to be. The small, yellow flowers grow in drupes in
the axils, and the fruit, which is a small, dark berry, grows in a thyrsus, resembling a bunch of grapes.
Another species, the M. palmatum, is much grown in Mozambique and other parts of the east for its

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CULTIVATION AND ANALYSIS OF PLANTS.

commercial value, yielding the well-known tonic and antiseptic drug, calumba. The M. Canadense pos-
sesses the same properties, but in an inferior degree. It is, however, grown in this country mainly for its
ornamental flowers, fruit and leaf.

Wistaria Sinensis, or Chinese Wistaria, is a rapid-growing twiner of superb appearance in leaf and
flower. The flowers come in long racemes like the Lupine inverted, but larger and more waxy in texture,
while in color they resemble the Lilac, which, however, they surpass in the delicate tintings, often pro-
gressing through the various shades from a deep blue to a pearly white. There are many varieties of the
Wistaria, but none superior to the W. Sinensis. Their size forbids their adoption as indoor plants unless
in large conservatories.

Phaseolus multiflorus, or Scarlet Runner— sometimes called Spanish Bean— though most fre-
quently cultivated as a vegetable, for the pod and the inclosed bean, is not to be despised as an ornamental
indoor or outdoor twiner. It sends out long racemes of bright scarlet, butterfly-shaped flowers, which,
contrasting with the green foliage around, produces a very pleasing effect. Many people grow it because
of its artistic beauties, elevating it from the kitchen garden to the parlor window.

Adlumia cirrhosa, or Fringed Adlumia, is one of the most beautiful and hardy of twining plants.
It climbs by its leafstalks, which serve the purpose of tendrils, and grows to a height of ten or twelve
feet in a season. The flowers come in delicate flesh-colored panicles, and succeed each other all summer.

Jasminum officinale, or White Jasmine, is already described, page 175.

Humulus lupulus, or common Hop, page 162.

Periploca Greea, (literally Greek twiner), or Silk Vine, is a hardy, ornamental twiner, common
throughout our northern States and worthy of attention.

CREEPERS.

This class of plants is distinguished by the property of clinging by the rootlet-like
shoots, or sucker-like attachments, which it sends out at convenient distances, for catching
hold of the wall or other surface or support along which it creeps.

Hedera Helix, or English Ivy, is perhaps the choicest of all creeping plants, and has been immor-
talized in prose and verse, Charles Dickens’s almost unique contribution to poetic literature, “The Ivv
Green,” being forevermore associated with its beauties. The permanency as well as the deep, glossy,
green color of the leaves makes it a universal favorite. Its hardy qualities render it fit for cultivation
almost everywhere; and it needs more protection from heat than it does from cold. It thrives best in the
United States when planted to the north of a house, fence, or other shade. A good way to save outdoor
Ivies in winter is to lay them down carefully along the ground, and cover with sods in their natural posi-
tion, grass upward. Indoors, the English Ivy should be kept clean and shielded from an excessively dry
heat. In ordinary living rooms, a daily damping of the leaves will prove sufficient. (See p. 174.)

Ampelopsis Veitchii, or Veitch’s Creeper, a distinct species introduced from Japan by the florist
Veitch of London, is of the same genus with the A. quinquefolia, the common American or Virginia
Creeper, but differs much in the manner of growth, the structure of the leaves, and other peculiarities.
Its young shoots are of a rich, brown purple, and its leaves are rounded and simple, while the flower is
inconspicuous. A peculiarity of the Veitch’s Creeper that should strongly recommend it to a more
general acceptance, is its habit of attaching itself, without aid from its owner or mechanical contrivance
of any kind, to whatever object is near; the young stems send out sucker-like attachments by which they
cling to wood, stone, or indeed to any substance, however smooth. Another attractive feature of this
Creeper is the crimson-purple coloring of its rather persistent foliage, which clings to the branches often
until midwinter in sheltered places, presenting an appearance almost as bright and beautiful as if the
leaves were so many flowers.

Ampelopsis quinquefolia, already alluded to, has five leaflets with serrate edges on a common
stalk, curling gracefully downward, and is so familiar, under the name of Virginia Creeper, as to need no
further explanation.

Tecoma radicans, or Trumpet-flower, has been described, page 304.

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NEGLECTED BEAUTIES.

Ficus repens, or Creeping Fig, originally introduced from China, is now a very popular delicate
creeper, which holds itself firmly by its rootlets to any uneven surface, and is much used in conservato-
ries, but not out of doors. In parlors it should be planted among other plants, as it requires shade and
moisture. The leaves are small and firm, resembling green parchment, and will endure much neglect
without being destroyed.

TRAILERS.

The epithet “trailing” is sufficiently indicative of the habit of these plants, which
might be said to hug the ground, so low is their growth.

Epigwa Repens, or Trailing Arbutus — sometimes called Mayflower — has been put forward in some
quarters as suitable to be adopted as the national flower of the United States, and is described on page 23.

Tradescantia zebrina, or Wandering Jew, is a low-spreading, trailing plant, differing from the more
erect Tradescantias in that respect, and striped in brown and green, zebra-like, whence its specific name.
There is another species —the ‘I’. alba, or white-flowered. Both are much used for hanging-baskets and
for rock work, or to cover old stumps or other deformities. They demand copious moisture, but are
almost indifferent to soil conditions. They are of the same genus as the T. Virginica, page 281.

Several Trailing Plants have been described elsewhere, as follows: Mentzelia Lindleyi, or Golden
Bartonia, p. 42. Stellaria media, or Chickweed, p. 81. Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, or Ice-plant,
p- 169. Portulaca grandiflora, or Great-flowered Portulaca, p. 249. Potentilla formosa, or Handsome Five-
finger, p. 250. Trifolium repens, or Shamrock, p. 274. Fragaria vesca, or Wood Strawberry, p. 287. Ver-
bena Aubletia, p. 311. Nepeta Glechoma, or Ground Ivy, p. 148. Vinca, or Periwinkle, p. 237.

These are but a few of the many plants of the four classes—Climbers, Twiners,
Creepers, Trailers —that might be mentioned, and are chosen because they are all easily
cultivated, needing but little care when once established, and because they are, in foliage,
flower and fruit, the most beautiful of their respective kinds. Moreover, they all may
be easily propagated from cuttings or slips, by layering, and from divisions of the roots,
as well as from seeds.

The best general rule for cuttings would be perhaps to make them in the early spring
before the plants begin to sprout, burying them about two inches, or a third of their length,
in the ground. In the hands of a skilled workman these cuttings can also be taken in the
fall, the same method being followed. Green shoots two or three inches long, severed
from the parent stem, with a little of the old bark attached, will generally make good
plants if placed to strike root in a box of moist sand, and protected from drying winds as
well as excessive heat.

A light, rich soil is congenial to most if not all the climbing plants of the foregoing
classes; and a good artificial soil will comprise two parts leaf-mold, one cow-manure, one
loam and one sand. They are, however, not especially dependent on soil conditions, but
require, as essentials to a thrifty growth, abundance of water for leaf and root; and an
occasional application of liquid manure, if one wishes to take the trouble, will insure a
more vigorous growth and an increased loveliness of foliage. Their chief enemies are
the red spider, scales and caterpillars, which can easily be kept down by daily syringing
and other careful attentions.

If it be desired to test the full capacity of the common climbing plants, the soil should
be dug to the depth of about a foot, and on each available side to a distance of three feet,
when the earth thus disturbed should be freely mixed with manure and leaf-mold in about
equal parts, and plenty of root-room allowed to each plant, especially for the first season.

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HHRNS.

= <j NOWN to science as Filices, from the Latin, these flowerless plants

toe possess a characteristic charm in their peculiar leafage or fronds.
The many pretty forms of these leaves, and the various shades and
tints of color, from a pure bright green to a golden yellow, are among
nature’s loveliest products. They constitute a remarkable family of the
class designated Acrogenous, from two Greek words that signify increas-
ing in growth from the extremity, which is one of the most conspicuous
classes of the Cryptogamous or Flowerless series. The whole Fern family, or
Order of Filices, is divided into eight suborders, six of which are represented
in the United States. It is only within a comparatively recent period that these
lovely members of the vegetable kingdom have been thought worthy of a place
in collections of plants. Lacking the common element of conspicuous flowers,
with their accompanying attractions of brilliant coloring and fascinating fragrance, the
Ferns had long failed to elicit the admiration they deserve. But a more refined taste has
learned to fully appreciate their merits, and specimens are now brought together from
nearly every quarter of the world to adorn gardens, conservatories and parlors. In fact
many wealthy admirers build greenhouses for their exclusive cultivation. Some Ferns
from tropical and subtropical climes often have a tree-like appearance, while others from
colder regions are so dwarfish that they have frequently been mistaken for mosses by
those not possessed of a thorough and discriminating botanical knowledge. Many of
them succeed well as common house-plants when kept out of drying winds or currents
of cold air, care being taken to dampen their fronds daily. Some are hardy enough to
endure excessive heat as well as ordinary winds, with the simple provision of supplying
enough of moisture at the roots. The Lomeria Gibbii will even grow best in a strong
sunshine; also the Scolopendrium vulgare, the Polypodium vulgare, and the Adiantum
capillis-veneris will grow well in an exposed situation. Some Ferns, as the Adiantum
cuneatum, A. trapeziforme, A. Farleyense, Lygodium palmatum, and many others, will
only grow well in moist, still situations, as in a Wardian case or in a quiet nook sheltered
by other plants.

As a generally good, manufactured soil for most Ferns, chopped sphagnum, or gray
bog-moss, common loam, broken charcoal or potsherds, and sharp, silver sand, all well
mixed in about equal parts, cannot be surpassed.

Ferns are often found growing on inaccessible rocks near mountain streams, or in the
valleys, in the woods or on the prairies, varying in size and form. One that most delights
in rocky places, is a curiosity of its kind, and is familiarly known as the Traveling Fern.
Its leaves bend over until the tips touch the earth, where they readily strike root and form
new plants. These doing likewise, the whole constitute a network of Ferns often cover-
ing several square yards. All the foregoing species of Ferns are evergreens, and every
house or yard may be beautifully decorated ‘at little or no expense by a collection of
native Ferns, the many and various members of which may be picked up in country
rambles. A good guide to their successful cultivation would be to note the soil and loca-
ly tion where they naturally flourish best, and endeavor to reproduce in their new home the '

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? NEGLECTED BEAUTIES.

same conditions and surroundings, as nearly as circumstances will permit. When Ferns, or
indeed any plants, are collected at a distance, they should be wrapped in a closely-woven
wet cloth, both roots and fronds, and the bundle wrapped in another but dryer cloth, for
transportation. Two common handkerchiefs, one wet and the other dry, will serve the
purpose very well. In this way they can be safely carried long journeys, while for
shorter distances, paper wrappings will suftice.

°

GRASSHS.

DD.

p HIS order of plants, scientifically designated, from the Latin, Graminee,

is one of the most useful of nature’s products for the support of ani-
mal life, and is coéxtensive with the animal kingdom, being found
almost everywhere. In tropical and subtropical climates, some of the
grasses assume a tree-like appearance, as the Bamboo, Sugar Cane,
and Indian Corn. Wheat, Oat, Barley, Rye, Rice and some others
furnish the staple food for the great majority of mankind; and most domestic
as well as many wild animals derive their sustenance from these and other
members of the Grass family. And as the human family depends largely
upon these animals for food and clothing, it is not easy to conceive, much less
to estimate how much the world owes to the two hundred and ninety-one
genera and three thousand eight hundred species of the grass family. In this
large array there is but one species that is not nutritious; this is known as Lolium temu-
lentum, or poisonous Darnel Grass, which fortunately is not very plentiful. Where
found, its rough exterior and bitter taste are repulsive to animals, and therefore its destruc-
tive powers are but little felt. Our home surroundings are often beautified by the short-
cropped lawn Grasses, making a delightful natural carpet for children’s play, as well as a
pleasing object for the eye to rest upon. Though far removed from the gaudy and bril-
Kant colorings of the Tulip, and for the most part but simple, unpretending plants, the
Grasses possess a modest beauty all their own, or shared only with the Ferns. The
florists and collectors have been busy for some time in bringing together the Grasses from
distant parts of the world, and an admirer might now collect in his yard or window
enough of specimen Grasses to effectively aid his children in their geography lessons,
on the well-known principle of association of ideas. For instance, he might say this Grass
in our southwest corner is from New Zealand; that in the southeast is from Australia;
that other in the extreme east is from Japan; the next to the west is from China. And
thus he might form the circuit of the whole world, pointing consecutively to the Grasses
of India, Persia, Turkey, Greece, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Azores, West Indies and
America. Many of the Grasses are well adapted for indoor culture, and all for outdoor,
in their proper climatic surroundings. Among the very choicest of the former are
Panicum variegatum, which presents transformations of color equally singular and beau-
\ tiful; the Isolepsis gracilis, with its bright-green, wiry leaves, adapted to borders in

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CULTIVATION AND ANALYSIS OF PLANTS. Mi

shaded nooks; Festuca ceca, which is a fine ornamental grass for pots or vases, and con-
trasts well with the Holcus lanatus, or Velvet-Grass, which is of a silvery appearance and
not unlike the common ribbon-grass of our gardens, but of finer texture. These four
Grasses which we have singled out form a neat little collection for indoor culture when
grown together, even without any admixture with other plants. A generally acceptable
soil for the growth of nearly all Grasses, is made up of equal parts of cow-manure, leaf-
mold, loam and sand well mixed; and all Grasses like water, but not stagnant moisture.

HHAT EHS.

widely spread in the countries where that literature had its rise,
the Heaths have been but little cultivated in the United States,
although it is now recognized that twenty-six of the genera are
natives of this country. The order is scientifically called Ericacee,
from Erica, the Heath proper, the accepted type of the family. There
are five or more suborders, perhaps seventy genera, and about eleven hundred
MARA species, besides uncounted varieties. Erica carnea, fleshy Heath, so called on
account of its flesh-colored bloom, and Erica Mediterranea, or Heath of the
Mediterranean, whose bloom is of a somewhat darker flesh-color, are cultivated
by our florists and others, and are much valued as exotics. They make desir-
able window plants if plentifully supplied with moisture and protected from
excessive heat, whether artificial or natural. The more common indigenous sorts are the
Kalmia, or Sheep Laurel; the Azalea arborescens (Tree-like Azalea), or False Honey-
suckle; the Rhododendron, or Rosebay; the Rhodora Canadensis, or Canadian Rhodora;
the Ledum latifolium, or Broad-leaved Labrador Tea; the Andromeda in several species;
the Vaccinium in a large number of species, known in the vernacular as Blueberry, Cran-
berry, etc.; Gaylussacia, or Huckleberry; and the Pyrola, or False Wintergreen.

All these members of the Ericacee family are of easy culture, but, being originally
natives of bogs, downs and sheltered mountain dells, they grow best on northern slopes,
behind fences or evergreens, or otherwise protected from the noonday sun as well as from
drying winds. Like the Begonias, they delight in a steady supply of uniform moisture.
The fibrous rootlets are very fine, and extremely sensitive to deleterious substances, such
as clods of half-rotted manure, lumps of clayey, uncongenial soils, and the like.

The best compost for their growth is three parts leaf-mold, one of sharp sand, one
of common earth, and one of well-rotted manure. Commonly growing upon a sub-
stratum of freestone, a limestone or other calcareous subsoil is hurtful, and the application
of lime-water is accordingly found to be pernicious; hence rainwater should alone be used.
An occasional dose of liquid manure will prove acceptable to these plants when in flower
or when making a new growth. The Ledums, Kalmias, the small plants of the best
varieties of the Rhododendron, the Azalea nudiflora, and other dwarf members of the
\ family, besides the two imported species already mentioned, make pretty house plants.
fas

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NEGLECTED BEAUTIES.

In a south-looking window the young leaves require careful protection from the sun’s rays,
as they may easily be scorched beyond recovery.

Though exposed to the open air, and at a rather low temperature, in their native
homes, these plants are less hardy than would be supposed, and therefore should be
carefully shielded from strong, drying winds, whether hot or cold.

The most common plant of the whole order is the Calluna vulgaris, which covers
extensive tracts of waste moors throughout Great Britain and Ireland, and which is also
found sparsely in Canada and our New England States. This is more hardy than any
of the other species, and will flourish in almost any soil with a temperature under fifty;
but in more southern latitudes it requires to be shaded in hot weather.

MOSSES.

“@
WOK" USCI, or Mosses, which comprise three orders and thirty-six

Shy genera of cryptogamous plants, are among the lower forms of
vegetable life. In the economy of nature they come next to the
Lichenes, or Lichens, serving by their decay to form a suitable
soil for the more beautiful and more useful plants. They grow in
such dense, compact masses— often a hundred to a square inch—
} that their remains constitute a bed in which plants of a higher order
may strike root. They are to be found in all climates and on all soils, requiring
as absolutely essential only a constant, gentle moisture. The Mosses cover with
a coat of emerald green the trunks of trees, the sides and summits of barren
rocks, the moldering walls of old ruins, the margins of running brooks, the
crevices of damp, subterranean caves and the like. The Sphagnum palustre, or
Gray Bog-moss, is much used in Lapland and other countries of North Europe for bed-
ding and coverlets. When flattened out by use, they can be renovated so as to assume
their original elasticity by being soaked in water and again dried. The tenacity of life in
the Mosses is truly wonderful; they have been known to have rooted and grown afresh
after having lain pressed in a herbarium for thirty years.

In collections of plants, it is found worth while to cultivate them as toppings for the
stands, pots or boxes in which ornamental plants are grown. They prevent a too rapid
evaporation of the moisture, where it is desirable to retain it, besides adding a neatness
which the uncovered soil does not present. Some amateurs make a specialty of growing
a patch of Mosses for the yard or house, because of their intrinsic beauty, and the refresh-
ing greenness of the dense, compact mass in which they grow. They can be studied to
advantage only with the aid of a microscope, and are by that means found to present the
appearance of miniature trees and various other curious forms. The Tortulas resemble
small, fine screws, whence their name. The Hypnums, or Feather Mosses, are probably
the most numerous, and are often exceedingly pretty, resembling miniature ferns, feathers,
or trees.

A* 4o1

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NIMATED nature includes, besides animals, all plants, by which are
meant in this connection the living organisms that constitute the
vegetable kingdom, such as trees, shrubs, herbs, vegetables, grasses,
ferns, etc. It will be recollected that there are three great “king-
doms” in nature—the mineral, the vegetable and the animal; and
of these the one we are at present concerned with holds the middle
place. Plants are living things, and the superior vegetables approach
so nearly to what are generally considered inferjor classes of the
animal kingdom, that scientists are at a loss to,determine the exact
dividing line. On the other hand, it is well known that certain
minerals are remains of former vegetation. Hence, in nature one
kingdom merges into another by gradations so fine that where one begins
¥\ and the other ends remains a sort of mysterious secret eluding the analytical
powers of man. Vegetable life, like animal life, is a continued succession of renewal and
decay, of assimilation and elimination. Growth may therefore be said to be the result of
the assimilating processes in excess; maturity, of a balance of the assimilating and elimi-
nating; and decay, of an excess of the eliminating processes. Vegetables derive their
support from the atmosphere, as well as from the soil, and, like animals, contain a far
greater proportion of water than of anything else. The other ingredients are carbon,
derived from the carbonic acid gas imbibed from the air; often a little nitrogen; and
generally a small quantity of mineral substances absorbed in liquid form through the

roots.
CHEMISTRY OF PLANTS.

Plants are now generally recognized as containing about eighteen of the sixty-five
primary elements known in nature, and these are all contributed by the vegetable king-
dom to the support of animal life. It is equally pleasing and instructive to learn, through
the scientific principles of the chemistry of plants, how and of what materials the beautiful
forms that we see around us are made, as well as what useful properties they possess.
Thereby we obtain an unerring guide to the most wholesome food for ourselves and our
domestic animals; and a discriminating sense of the proportion in which the different
kinds should be used. Hence we know that it is unwise to partake of the same plants too
continuously, frequent changes being a fixed law of their healthful action on the human
system. By a knowledge of the chemical components of the human frame on the one

402

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i) STRUCTURE OF PLANTS. i

hand, and those of the useful plants on the other, man is. enabled to select the materials
proper to be used in accordance with his varying needs. It is easy to eat too much of plants
that contain sulphur, lime, phosphorous, fatty, carbonaceous matter, or any other of the
chemical ingredients of plants, when the system may really demand the use of those
endowed with quite different properties; hence the value of this knowledge.

It is truly wonderful that an order of plants, containing perhaps several hundred
genera and many thousand species, will maintain, throughout all their variety of form and
color, a predominance of one or more chemical elements. For instance, the Crucifera, or
Mustard family, one of great utility to man, every member of which affords nutritious
and medicinal benefits, principally anti-scorbutic, or scurvy-destroying, in character.
They all contain nitrogen and sulphur more largely than other plants, which accounts for
their yielding ammonia when undergoing decay, as well as for their blood-purifying prop-
erties. Many of our familiar table condiments, as mustard, horseradish, cress, etc., belong
to this order. The Crucifere are natives of the temperate zone, and are a natural antidote
for the excessive use of fat-producing matters, so common in those regions.

The order Leguminose is perhaps the largest of all, and is remarkable for containing
lime, albumen and starch. Its value in the animal economy is great, as it furnishes the
bong,and sinew, which constitute the essential framework of the animal structure. Like
the other useful plants, they are found everywhere, to meet the necessities of universal
animal life, while the poisonous or dangerous plants are confined to a very limited range.
The Leguminose are also possessed of many well-known medicinal properties, whose
value can scarcely be overestimated. Plants yield about thirty-four different products,
such as resin, oil, wax, gluten, starch, sugar, etc.; and at least eight well-known acids,
viz.: oxalic in rhubarb, tartaric in grapes,.citric in lemons, malic in apples, gallic in
oak, benzoic in balsam, prussic or hydrocyanic in almonds, and phosphoric in oats.

Vegetable chemistry, as may be conjectured from the remarks already made, is much
too extensive a subject to receive proper attention in a subsidiary paragraph of a popular
work devoted mainly to the poetry and cultivation of flowers; but this much it has been
thought desirable to insert as a slight hint on an important subject, and a stimulus to
further investigation.

For the more easy comprehension of the general principles of botany by the unsci-
entific lover of flowers, it is now proposed to consider the individual plant under the various
relations of its internal structure, and its component parts viewed externally, together with
the more important subdivisions of these, in a natural sequence, and in as few words as
possible. What plants are composed of becomes then the next subject for consideration.

TISSUES.

Plants are made up of innumerable minute sacs, called cells, and generally of a lot
of tubes or vessels, which were also originally rows of these cells, the whole constituting
the material substance of plants, or what is technically known as tissue. The nourishment
of plants passes from,cell to cell through the thin membranes that constitute the cell walls.
These cells are of a definite structure, as found by microscopic observation, and the tissues
fy are of different kinds according to the structure and arrangement of the cells and tubes. /

Hin 403 a. }

a
i CULTIVATION AND ANALYSIS OF PLANTS.

Cellular tissue, which composes the whole structure of some of the lower orders,
as mosses, seaweeds and the like, is where the whole mass is made up of these minute
oval sacs crowded close together. Peculiarly flattened, they compose the outer layer
known as the skin or epidermis.

Wood tissue consists of long tubes, tapering and closed at the ends, placed side by side,
which form in woody plants what is known as wood proper.

Bast tissue consists of long, flexible tubes, closed at both ends, and is mostly found
in the der or inner bark, constituting in hemp and flax the portion of those plants used in
the manufacture of linen, ropes, etc.

Vascular tissue consists of long tubes or vessels, formed of superposed cells the par-
titions between which have been absorbed, and comprises what are variously called
dotted ducts, spiral vessels, annular bands, etc.

The chief organs of plants are four, viz.: 1, Root; 2, stem; 3, Leaf; 4, Flower.
Each of these is subdivided under different aspects and relations.

ROOTS.

OOTS are the parts by which the plant draws nourishment from the
soil, and are sometimes supplied with rootlets, holding about the
same relation to them that they do to the plant. Roots are of six
kinds: 4%6rous, when composed of tufts of fibers with pores at their
points, as in common grasses (1*); repent or creeping, as in the
Couch-grass (2); fusiform, or spindle-shaped, as in the Carrot (3)3

roundish, solid masses, fed by rootlets from the soil (5); 4d60us, where the root
is one round, solid mass, producing buds from the upper surface and rootlets from
the lower, as in the Narcissus (6); the bulbous is, however, sometimes a mass
of overlapping, fleshy scales, as in the Lily (7), or of concentric coats, as in the Onion.

Collar.—The collar is that portion of the plant where the root merges into the stem,
or where they both unite (8).

In respect of duration, roots as well as plants are designated and defined as follows:

Annuals are such as in one season grow from the seeds, blossom, and ripen their
seeds for the following year, and then perish. Among the annuals are to be found many
of the most charming of the summer flowers, some blooming for short periods of a week
or two, and others during the whole season.

Biennials are such as start from the seed one summer, and spend all their strength in
establishing their roots and laying up nutriment for the flowerstalks of the following
year, when they blossom, ripen seed, and: perish, having fulfilled their mission. Some
very pleasing flowers are found among this class. In order to have flowers of any of the
hiennials every year, seeds must be sown each year, thus calculating a year in advance.

* The figures inclosed in parentheses, pp. god tu 410, refer to the illustrations on page 328.

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STRUCTURE OF PLANTS.

Perennials are those that live and bloom year after year, except under extraordinary
vicissitudes, many of them blooming the first summer if sown early in the spring. Such
plants can be propagated by a division of the roots and cuttings as-well as by seeds. Some
of these cannot be surpassed for utility and beauty, and are best for permanent beds where
circumstances will not permit the steady attention demanded by other classes of flowers.

STHMS.

from the root, and serves to support the leaves, buds and Awers
It usually seeks the light, appearing above the ground, and is sub-
divided as follows: S%mfle, when found without branches (8), as
in the Parnassia; compound, when branched, as in the Chickweed
(9); forked, when parted into two equal or nearly equal branches, as
in the Bouvardia (10); erect, when growing upright, ascending, when rising
obliquely upward— when several stems grow from the same root, the central
one is often erect and the others ascending, as in the Violet (11); prostrate,
or procumbent, when it lies flat along the ground, as in the Petunia; creeping,
or repent, when it runs along the ground and Sénds out roots from its joints—
sometimes a plant has an upright stem, and sends out creeping shoots from its base, as
in the Strawberry (12); tw7ning, or voluble, as in the Hop, when they rise by spirally
coiling themselves around supports; climbing, or scandent, when they rise by clinging
step by step to other objects, as in the Ivy.

Stems are classified according to certain peculiarities of size and duration, as follows:

flerbaceous, when they die down to the ground every year, as in Mint or other herbs,
whence the epithet; /rztzcose, when living from year to year, and of considerable size,
like Lilac or other shrubs; sagfruticose, when fruticose or shrubby below, and herbaceous
above, as the Horseshoe Geranium; suffrutescent, when, the stem has an appearance of
being moderately shrubby, and is only a little woody, as the Pelargonium; arborescent,
when approaching to a tree-like appearance, as the Oleander; and arboreous, when it is
the trunk of a tree properly so called, as the Magnolia.

The stem is composed —beginning from the center—of the pzth, the soft, spongy
substance in the center of many plants, consisting of cellular tissue; the wood, or material
immediately surrounding the pith; the /¢ééer, or inner bark, which is fibrous; the cortex,
or outer bark, which consists of cellular tissue only; and the epzdermis, or skin—a thin,
membraneous covering, with pores, that envelops all the rest. The stem, longitudinally
considered, comprises the zodes, or knots; and zzternodes, or parts between the knots.

It has been already stated that the stem is usually above ground; there are, however,
several forms of underground stems, as the rAzzoma, or rootstalk, a creeping stem grow-
ing wholly or partly beneath the soil; the corm, which is a very short, fleshy rhizoma;
the 4x6, a shorter stem, usually underground, with excessively crowded and overlapping
coats; and the dzdblet, which is a small excresence that grows on the older and larger bulb.

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CULTIVATION AND ANALYSIS OF PLANTS.

Stalks.—The stalks are the offshoots from the stem, which directly support the leaves,
and are variously styled peduncles, pedicels, petioles, meaning respectively flowerstalks,
footstalks and leafstalks.

Axil.—The axil is the angle formed on the upper surface, between the stem and leaf,
where the buds, called on that account axillary, spring from the stem (13).

LHAVES.

aR NDERSTOOD to be expansions or elongations from the stem,
leaves consist of a network of fibers or nerves in two distinct sets,
one to each surface. The purposes they serve are mainly three: to
expose a broader surface to the action of the light and heat, to aid
evaporation, and to facilitate the absorption of carbonic acid from the
air. They discharge the function fulfilled by the lungs in the animal
kingdom. They are called radica/, when they spring around the root,
as in the Dandelion; a@/ternate, when only one appears on each joint of the
stem, as in the Toad-flax (13); opposzte, when in pairs opposite each other, as
in the Mint (14); whorled, when in a circle around the stem, as in the Purple
Eupatorium (15); amd ¢zfted, when they appear in bunches or tufts at the top,
as in the Eryngo (16), or as in the Palm.

Leaves are further distinguished as sess¢Ze, when they sit, as it were, on the stem,
without intervening stalks, as in the Eryngo (16); dec¢duous, if they fall annually, as in
most trees and shrubs; and gerszstent, if they survive the season, as in the evergreens.

A leaf is s¢mple, when composed of one piece only, as in the Round-leaved Bell-
flower (17); dznzate, ternate, guaternate or guinate, according as it has, on a common
stalk, respectively, two leaflets, as in the Listera; three, as in the Clover (18); four, as
in the exceptional four-leaved Clover; or five, as in the Ampelopsis (19); pzmnate, when a
number of leaves are arranged feather-like along the stalk, as in the Pea (20). A’simple
leaf is sometimes wavy along the edge, as in the China Primrose (21), or has three lobes,
as in the Hypatica, five, as in the Castor-oil Plant, or seven, as in the Lady’s Mantle (22).
"Leaves are digitate, when they all spring, like so many fingers, from the tip of the
leafstalk, as in the Virginia Creeper (23); palmate, when the leaflets leave a space at their
common center, not unlike the palm of the hand, as in the Horse-chestnut (24); pedate,
or foot-like, as in the Chenopodiums, or when a palmate or other leaf has an additional
cleft in the edge, not as deep as the digitate, and hence called pedate, as in the Mandrake
(25); peltate, or shield-like, when the stalk is attached at or near the center, as in the
Nasturtium (26); perfol/ate, when the stalk passes through the leaf (27), as in the Bone-
set; connate, when two leaves are joined at their bases, the stalk passing through at the
junction, as in the Lychnis (28).

Again, by reason of peculiarities of the edges, leaves are called entire, when there is
an unbroken, gradual curvature of the margin, as in the Silene (29); cvezate, crenelled or
scollopped, when it is notched like a scollop shell, as in the Ground Ivy (30); serrate, or

406

Sy
co

“a

ary ay Ga

ar oem
by: Ar

son

SO

eet

STRUCTURE OF PLANTS.

saw-edged, as in the Rose (31); pectinate, or comb-like, an expression sometimes used
where the edges are a deeply-cut dentate; dentate, or toothed, as in the common Hoar-
hound (32); zzczsed, or cut, also called daciniate, when slashed or cut more irregular than
in the dentate, as in the Fennel; wzdulate, or wavy, as in the Beech; szzuate, or
sinuous, that is, of larger scope than the wavy, but of the same general outline, as in
the White-oak; Zobed, when cut in sections, with the incisions reaching about halfway to the
midrib, and these may be two-lobed, three-lobed, etc., according to their number, as
already described; cleft, when cut still more deeply, half way down or more toward the
midrib—the Latin equivalent jd, as a suffix, from jizdo, I cleave, with a qualifying
prefix, is very much used in this connection, as pinnatifid, multifid, bifid, etc., denoting
respectively cleft like a feather, many-cleft, two-cleft, etc. — parted, when almost reach-
ing the midrib;, and dzvided, or bisected, trisected, etc., when incised quite to the midrib,

In addition to the foregoing divisions, leaves are distinguished, as to form or general
shape, by epithets that are sufficiently clear in themselves, or may be readily comprehended
by reference to the engraving on page 328, viz.: Zizear,as in grass; oblong, as in the
Chickweed (33); Zacrizke, as in the Schizanthus (34); strap-shafed, as in the Heath (35);
elliptical, as in the Rose (31); oval, or egg-shaped, as in the Apple (36); obovate, or
inversely oval, as in the Juneberry (37); rounded, as in the Round-leaved Violet (38);
heart-shaped, as in the Dog Violet (39); zzversely heart-shaped, as in the Clover (18);
kidney-shaped, as in the common Water-cress (40); arrow-shaped, as in the Sagittaria
(41); angular, as in the Hypatica (42); and sword-shaped, as in the Gladiolus (43).

Stipules are two winglike appendages that are often found at the base of the leaf-
stalk (united with or distinct therefrom), sometimes odlozg, as in the Evening Primrose,
and at others arrow-shaped, as in the Rose (44).

Bracts.—These are the small leaves that are sometimes found immediately below the
flower-cluster, on its stalk or peduncle, as in the Pentstemon (45, 46), generally green,
but occasionally picturesquely colored, as in the Poinsettia. When they appear on
the pedicel, they are called dracteoles, as in the Cardamine (47); and when these grow in
a circle, or whorl, they are called an zzvolucre, as in the Thistle (48).

Buds are the germs of the branches, as the seed is of the whole plant, and sprout from
the stem as this does from the root; hence the branches might be regarded as secondary
stems, or even as individual plants springing from the buds. These buds are called ¢erm-
znal when they appear at the end of the stem, and /ateral when they appear at the sides;
the most important of the lateral are the ax/Z/ary already mentioned —the others being
accessory or supernumerary when two or more supplement the axillary, and adventi-
tious when they appear elsewhere than at the axils.

Estivation, or prefloration, is the arrangement of the partyof the future flower in
the bud before blooming; and is called ofez, when the calyx and corolla are not closed
over the other parts of the flower; valvate, when the several parts meet each other exactly
by the edges without overlapping; zzdufp/licate, if the edges are turned in; redupiicate, if
turned out; contorted, when the edges are twisted; zmdbricated, when they overlap; guzn-
cunxial, if two parts are inside, two outside and one intermediate; vexzd/ary, if one petal
inwraps the other parts; péécafe, if the tubular corolla or calyx is folded lengthwise; and
supervolute, if the folds are wrapped around each other in one direction.

407

by: 8 ay

CULTIVATION AND ANALYSIS OF PLANTS.

FLROWEFHRS.

are the crowning glory of the plant; and familiarly, the bloom or
blossom, the part for which alone most plants are cultivated. The
chief parts of the flower are the Calyx, Corolla, Stamen, Pistil, Peri-
carp, Seed, Receptacle and Nectary.

Calyx, from the Greek through the Latin, denoting a cup, is the outer
covering or leaf-like envelope of the flower, mostly green, but at times colored;
WJ it enfolds the bud before it is fully in bloom, and afterward generally surrounds
the blossom loosely. Its chief use apparently is to support and protect the fine
inner parts by its greater consistency; it was considered by Linnzus to be the
continuation of the outer bark, performing the same service to the bud as the bark does to
the stem. The calyx varies much; it is sometimes double, as in the Flax (49), and at
others is a mere ring which afterward becomes the down, as in the Teasel (50).

Corolla, an abbreviated form of the Latin coronz/la, a little crown, comprises the
leaves of the flower proper, or blossom, within the calyx. These leaves are called petals,
and are usually as many as the sepals of the calyx. When the petals are all of the same
size and shape, the corolla is called regudar, as in the Silene (51); and this regular corolla
may be salver-shaped, as in the Lychnis (52); funznel-shaped, as in the Primrose (53);
wheel-shaped, as in the Holly (54); ded/-shaped, as in the Bellflower (55); ¢-umpet-shaped,
as in the Convolvulus (56). Other corollas are termed zrregudar, as when the petal is
only one, but divided into lobes; if the lobes are open, it is called gaping, as in the
Mint (57); if closed, personate or masked, as in the Snapdragon (58); when there are four
petals placed crosswise, the corolla is called cruciferous, as in the Radish (59); papzlzona-
ceous, or butterfly-shaped, when there are five rudely resembling a butterfly, as in the
Pea (60).

When the calyx and corolla are not readily distinguishable, the whole corresponding
part that encircles the stamens and pistils is called perzanth, from two Greek words: ert,
around, and axthos, a flower. Sometimes this word is used by preference, and said to be
double when the calyx and corolla are both present and clearly distinguishable. Some
flowers have neither calyx nor corolla, as in the Equisetum (61).

Stamen, from the Greek through the Latin, signifying the warp, and this from its
standing or upright property, denotes one of the small organs, of which there are
generally several, that stand around the center of the perianth, as in the Coreopsis (62), and
in most flowers. They comprise the ji/ament, or thread-like (sometimes awl-like), upright
portion, and the azther, or flower proper, which is the part essential to reproduction, and
contains the fine white, yellow or black dust called pollen, or fertilizing matter. The
filaments are sometimes in bundles, as in the St. Johnswort (63), and at others form a
hollow tube, as in the Mallows (64); the anthers are sometimes free when standing sepa-
rately (63), or united into a ring, as in the Dandelion (65).

Pistil, from the Latin denoting a pestle, is the central part and seed-bearing organ
of the flower, as in the Anagallis (66); and comprises three parts: the ovary (a), the hol-

j
ea fos i

oe Corremrs

is STRUCTURE OF PLANTS.

low case or pod containing the rudimentary seeds called ovules; the style, or column (6),
wanting in certain flowers, which bears aloft the third part, known as the stigma (c).
This is the extreme viscous tip of the flower, and is exposed on all sides for the reception
of the impregnating pollen from the encircling stamens. Sometimes an ovary has several
styles and stigmas, when the pistil is called compound, and each part a carfel, as in the
Blackberry (67). Some flowers have only stamens, while others of the same plant have
only pistils as in the Cucumber (68), and as those alone that have pistils produce seed, they
are called fertzle, while those possessing stamens only are designated darren. Again, the
pistils and stamens are sometimes to be found only in different plants of the same species,
as in the Willow (69). When in different flowers of the same plant, they are called
monectous, from two Greek words meaning single-housed, as in the Cucumber; when in
different plants, they are termed dicecious, or two-housed, as in the Willows. When the
ovary is above the base of the perianth, it is termed saerdor, as in the Purslane (70);
when below, as in the Roses, it is called ¢zferdor.

Pericarp (from the Greek ferz, around, and arfos, fruit), or seed-vessel, is the
case, pod or covering of the seed or seeds of a plant, the enlarged and ripened ovary,
which with the enclosed seeds constitutes the fruit. It presents various forms in different
plants, as the cagswle in the Purslane (71), the s¢/éguze in the common Mustard (72), the
silicle or capsella, a short pod (472), in the Shepherd’s Purse, the degume or long pod in
the Bean (73), the derry in the Currant (74), the wt in the Hazel (75), the druge in the
Hawthorn (76), and the come in the Pine (77). Fruits are fleshy when the seeds are en-
circled by a juicy, pulpy substance, as in the Apple, the Pear, the Melon and many others.
Stone-fruits is the name given to those in which the pulpy matter incloses the hard, horny
substance, or “stone,” which covers the seed. They are called dry-fruzts when the seed-
vessel does not become juicy or pulpy, but is a mere husk or dry covering, as in Wheat,
the Five-finger, the Ground Cherry, etc.

Seed.— This is the portion destined to reproduce the plant, and is itself the result of
the action between the stamens and the pistil, indicated above. The stigma receives the
pollen, which is conveyed through the style to the ovary, where it comes in contact with
the ovules, producing the seed that in due time arrives at the maturity necessary to repro-
duce the plant according to its kind. When the plumule or embryo plant is enclosed in a
seed of two cotyledons, it is styled, from the Greek, dicotyledonous, that is, having two
lobes, as in the Bean (78), when in one, it is monocotyledonous, as in the common Grasses
or Sugar-cane; and when there is no apparent nourishing seed-lobe, it is called acotyle-
donous, as in the Ferns.

Receptacle is the top of the stem, or apex of the flowerstalk, from which the
organs of the flower spring, and into which they may therefore be conceived as: gathered
or inserted, whence the name. It is conical (79), as in the Obeliscaria, chaffy (80), as
in the Thistle, or drzstZy, as in the Cactus (81), and is the part on which the other portions
of the flower rest, as in the Scabious (82).

Neetary is a term applied to any of the organs which may happen to contain nectar,
that is, the sweet secretions from the plants. The nectary of the Crown Imperial
comprises a number of cells around the center of the flower, while in the Crowfoot it is a
scale at the base of the petals (83).

409

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CE, ae (ae SF
Tene

CULTIVATION AND ANALYSIS OF PLANTS.

&e< INFLORESCENCE.

i, IFFERENCES in the mode of flowering or in the general arrange-
o~ ment of the blossoms along the stem or branches, mark the various
MS’ forms of inflorescence. When the flower that terminates the axis
opens first, and the others in the order of their nearness to this one, the
\ inflorescence is called determinate, definite, or centrifugal, as in the
Hydrangea. When this order is reversed, and the first flower to bloom
is the one farthest from the terminal one, this being the very last, the inflo-
rescence is said to be zzdeterminate, indefinite, or centripetal, as in the Gladiolus.
In a few genera the inflorescence partakes. of both peculiarities, and is called
mixed, as in the Teasel, and also the Liatris, familiarly designated Blazing Star.
Flowers, like buds, are known as ¢erminal when they appear at the end of the
stem, as in the Parnassia (8); worled, when grouped around the stem in a circle, as
in the Mint; and ax7Zary, when at the axils, as in the Pentstemon (45).

The flowerstalk, when common to the whole cluster, is called a peduncle, the indi-
vidual stalk of each separate flower being a pedicel, as in the Cardamine (47). When
the peduncle bears a single flower, the inflorescence is called simple, as in the Morning
Glory (56). When the peduncle with its flower springs directly from the root of the
plant, the inflorescence is called a scape, as in the English Primrose (84); and when

. it has several flowers placed one above another and sessile (that is, without pedicels), it is
called a spike, as in the Veronica spicata (85), or sfadix, which is a fleshy variety of the
spike, as in the Spiranthus; raceme, where each flower of a cluster has its own pedicel
arranged along a lengthened axis, as in the Canadian Milk-Vetch (86); fazzcle, or
branched cluster, where each pedicel (itself a branch of the peduncle) again branches, as
in the Stellaria (87); corymé, where the lower flowers are on longer stalks, the inter-
mediate on shorter, and the top ones nearly or quite sessile, as in the Mountain Ash (88);
cyme, where the stalks are irregularly branched, but the flowers are nearly level at the
top, as in the Dogwood (89); a_fascicle is a cyme with the flowers crowded into a bundle,
whence the name, as in the Sweet William; a glomerzle is a dense, compact cyme resem-
bling a head, as in the Cocklebur; wmde/, where the flower-stalks ‘spring, like so many
umbrella ribs, from a common center, and rise to about the same height, each bearing
its flower, as in the Milkweed (90); when, as sometimes happens, there is a smaller umbel
on each pedicel, instead of a single flower, the inflorescence is called a compound umbel,
as in the Carrot (91); when crowded in a dense mass and sessile, it is called a head, as
in the Button-bush (92); a catkin, or ament, is a spike enclosed in a deciduous scale, as in
the Hazel (93); a ¢hyrsus is a compact panicle of pyramidal shape, as a bunch of grapes
or the cluster of the Lilac.

oe 410 an

aan
emery

q

‘im REAT interest is naturally felt by all amateur culturists in the
W- divisions of the vegetable kingdom. Ages before the knowledge
of plants developed into the complete science called botany,
certain relationships and affinities were known to exist between
many of them; but the formal distribution into the subjoined
divisions and subdivisions is a comparatively recent addition,
and has been adopted by scholars for the purpose of placing
before the mind in a clear and methodical manner the various
degrees of relationship that exist between plants. An exhaustive
enumeration in the present state of botanical science embraces
the following twelve heads: Series or Subkingdom, Class,
Subclass, Order or Family, Suborder, Tribe, Subtribe, Genus,
Subgenus or Section, Species, Race, and Variety.

“Mix «so. aid the student of floriculture in forming a clearer con-

aii a8 , . ception of the arrangement, relationship and subordination of
the different members of this distribution, the whole vegetable kingdom might be likened
to the available war forces of the United States. The Series would correspond to the
military as distinct from the naval, and vice versa; Class, to the regular army as distinct
from volunteers, or the reverse; Subclass, to the “Army of the Potomac,” or the like;
Order, to army corps; Suborder to division; Tribe, to a brigade with its full complement
of cavalry, artillery and infantry; Subtribe, to the more usual incomplete brigade of two
or three regiments; Genus, to a regiment; Subgenus, to a battalion; Species, to a com-
pany; Race, to a company of infantry as distinct from one of cavalry; and Variety, to
the same company with the shades of difference arising from the variation in numbers,
discipline, or any other minor feature — for instance, Company A, as differing from Com-
pany B in any one or several of these respects.

In this methodical arrangement it will be noticed that the Variety, a subdivision of the
Species, is the lowest term, as the individual plant does not obtain an individual name.
The Species is designated by the name of the Genus to which it belongs, with a distin-
guishing epithet, usually an adjective, added to denote the peculiar characteristic (or what
it has been agreed to consider such) of each particular Species. Thus in Rosa moschata,

or Musk Rose, Rosa represents the Genus Rose; and moschata, a Latinized version of i;
7

4il cou

i
:

_

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n=
a

CULTIVATION AND ANALYSIS OF PLANTS.

musk in the adjective form, or musky, denotes the characteristic distinction of the Species.
Hence it is not strictly correct to say that such a name corresponds to that of an indi-
vidual, as Publius Cornelius Scipio; but it would be allowable to compare it with Cor-
nelius Scipio — Cornelius, the gens, or clan, and Scipio, the family name within the clan —
if, like the Romans, we lived in a state of society where these constituted a recognized
division of the community. The Variety is further distinguished by one or more addi-
tional epithets, adjectives or names of persons, subjoined to the name of the Species to
which it belongs, as the Fragaria Virginiana Illinoensis—the Illinois Variety of the Spe-
cies of Strawberry known as the Virginian.

What these various terms imply will now be explained more in detail, taking for this
purpose the foregoing divisions, as used by most modern writers on floriculture, and in an
inverse order, beginning with the most restricted:

Variety.—By this term is meant such a group within the same Species as is marked in
all its individuals by some striking peculiarities, and often so as to create a doubt whether
it does not constitute a distinct Species.

Subspecies, or Race.—Where the marks of the Variety are regularly propagated.

Species is an aggregate of such individual plants, or varieties of plants, as agree
in common attributes and characteristics, and which are designated by the same distin-
guishing epithet, as the Rosa moschata, already explained.

The Species ,of plants have been estimated, and probably within bounds, as high as
one hundred and twenty thousand, of which nearly four thousand belong to our own
country, east of the Mississippi. The more conservative estimates of earlier botanists,
putting the number at about sixty thousand, will therefore have to be abandoned; the
more, as new discoveries are being perpetually made.

Subgenus, or Section, is used by some botanists to denote such collections of certain
Species as are more nearly allied to each other than the other plants of the same Genus.
~ Genus.—This embraces all the various Species that bear a strong resemblance to
each other, but differ in the shape or general proportion of their parts; thus the various
Species of the Roses belong to one Genus.

Tribe and Subtribe are subdivisions of the Suborder in some elaborate systems of
classification. :

Suborder.—For convenience of treatment, and because of important differences, an
Order is often subdivided into three or four Suborders, each embracing several Genera, as,
for instance, the Order Rosacee into the Almond or Plum, the Pear, and the Rose proper.

Order comprehends many Genera broadly resembling one another, as in having
their flowers and seeds constructed on the same plan, but with very striking differences in
important features. Thus the Order Rosacea, or Rose family, embraces not only Roses
proper, but Strawberries, Blackberries, Apples, Pears, etc.

Subclass, or Alliance, is a subdivision of the Class, and embraces several Orders.

Class.—This is a still broader grouping or aggregation of plants, comprising various
Orders that resemble each other in some few important features.

Series, or Subkingdom, is the first grand division of the vegetable kingdom, and
embraces all such classes as are not radically so very different as to refuse to be grouped
together because of their most essential properties, such as flowering or not flowering.

i < ty

SAG
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Vj FEW ae

Sostems of Qlassifiration.

HO it was that first invented a system of classification of
plants is uncertain: Since the days when Solomon, king of
Israel, “spake of trees from the Cedar tree that is in
Lebanon even unto the Hyssop that springeth out of the
., wall;” or those of Zoroaster, who is said to have taught
that the primeval creative power called forth from the blood
of the sacred bull 120,000 forms of plants; or earlier
still, if the reader wishes, since the time when primitive
man began first to observe and wonder at his surroundings,
until the present hour, the glory of the vegetable creation
has necessarily excited his admiration. The Chaldean
shepherds, who are credited with the discovery of astron-

omy, through their undisturbed contemplation of the

“flowers of heaven,” could not have been entirely unmind-

N ful of the “stars of earth, the beautiful flowers.”

Theophrastus (B. c. 374-286), a Greck philosopher and pupil of Aristotle, wrote a

“ History of Plants,” and a work “On the Causes of Plants,” which evince not a little
knowledge of the organs and physiology thereof. Pliny the Elder (a. p. 23-49), in his
great compilation, the “ Thirty-seven Books of Histories of Nature,” gives many curious
bits of information in reference to about one thousand plants. Dioscorides, who flourished
about one hundred years later, described five hundred plants; and his work is remarkable
as being the source of much of the terminology still used in our books on floriculture.

Scientific botany, however, owes its rise to the revival of letters in the sixteenth
century. Otto Brunfels (1464-1534) is considered the first among the moderns to attempt

a classification of plants. Andrea Cesalpino (1519-1603), Italian physician and botanist,
was perhaps the first to establish a natural system of classification. Robert Morison
(1620-83), a Scottish physician and botanist, separated plants into woody and herbaceous,
and divided them into eighteen classes. John Ray (1628-14705), English botanist, sepa-
rated flowering from flowerless plants, and subdivided the former into monocotyledonous
and dicotyledonous plants. A. Q. Rivinus (1652-1723), a Saxon anatomist and botanist,

published, in 1690, a system based on the differences of the corolla. J. P. de Tournefort

(1656-1708), French botanist, described about eight thousand species in twenty-two classes,
the classification being based mainly on the differences in the corolla.

y
-

Ue = a

- ND

CULTIVATION AND ANALYSIS OF PLANTS.

ARTIFICIAL SYSTEM OF LINNZ US.

The system of Linnzus (1707-1778), comprised twenty-four classes, distinguished from
each other by certain external peculiarities, relating to the stamens and pistils, which were
expressed by equivalent Greek compound words, and is therefore called artificial. Though
superseded by the natural systems of more recent botanists, it still possesses both interest
and value, as much of the terminology of Linneus has been permanently ingrafted on
botanical science. Among other things, he was author of the binomial system of naming

plants by the genus and specific characteristic. This system is as follows:

PHANOGAMOUS
(APPARENT
MARRIAGE”):

WITH STAMENS
AND PISTILS
MANIFEST —
FLOWERING

PLANTS.

CRYPTOGAMOUS
PLANTS; STAMENS
AND PISTILS
INDISTINCT —
FLOWERLESS

PLANTS.

Hoe

w
to

H
w

24.

HOO OT ANE YP

14.

15.

16.

17.
18.

19.

20.

TWENTY-FOUR CLASSES.

Monandria, with one stamen.

Diandria, with two stamens.

Triandria, with three stamens.

Tetrandria, with four stamens.

Pentandria, with five stamens.

Hexandria, with six stamens. s
Heptandria, with seven stamens.

Octandria, with eight stamens. ene

Enneandria, with nine stamens. ) or EQUAL

. Decandria, with ten stamens.
. Dodecandria, eleven to nineteen

LENGTH.
(literally, twelve) stamens.

. Icosandria, with twenty or more

stamens, adhering to calyx.

. Polyandria, with twenty or more

stamens,adhering to receptacle

Didynamia, “two with power,”
two long and two short sta-
mens.

Tetradynamia, “four with pow-
er;’? four long and two short
stamens.

STAMENS,
UNEQUAL
LENGTH.

Monadelphia, “single brotherhood,” that is,
with filaments in one bundle.

Diadelphia, “double brotherhood,” with fila-
ments in two bundles.

Polyadelphia, “many brotherhoods,’ with
filaments in more than two bundles.

Syngenesia, “together born,” united by the
anthers.

Gynandria, hermaphrodite.

. Moneecia, “single-housed,” in the same plant.
. Dicecia, “ double-housed,” in two plants.
. Polygamia, “ polygamous,” in one, or two, or more than two plants.

Cryptogamia, “concealed marriage.”

414

STAMENS
UNCONNECT-
ED WITH

EACH OTHER.

STAMENS
JOINED WITH

EACH OTHER.

STAMENS
SEPARATE
FROM THE

PISTIL.

ADHERING TO

STAMENS
THE PISTIL.

"UAMOTY AZANVS AHL NI STIIMLSIG GNV SNANVLS

FLOWERS,

Caeser ey

i

SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION.

>

TWENTY-SIX ORDERS.

The foregoing twenty-four Classes were subdivided into twenty-six Orders, accord-
ing to the number of pistils or distinct stigmata, as far as the twelfth order, inclusive;
and above that the differences were founded on other peculiarities. It is not to be under-
stood that each Class had twenty-six subdivisions known as Orders, but that this distribu-
tion formed a basis for thus distinguishing as many Orders as might be found by actual
observation. The Class twelve or thirteen, for instance, might be comprehensive enough
to give scope for the elaborate subdivision into twenty-six Orders, while most others
would seldom reach beyond five, and many might have only one, two or three. “The
orders were as follows:

1. Monogynia, with one pistil. 17. Monogamia, having some florets with stamens
2. Digynia, with two pistils. and others with pistils.
3. Trigynia, with three pistils. 18. Polygamia equalis, all florets having stamens
4. Tetragynia, with four pistils. and pistils.
5. Pentagynia, with five pistils. 19. Polygamia segregata, each floret having a sepa-
6. Hexagynia, with six pistils. * rate calyx. :
7. Heptagynia, with seven pistils. 20. Moneecia, having stamens and pistils on sepa-
8. Octogynia, with eight pistils. ‘rate flowers of the same plant.
g. Enneagynia, with nine pistils. 21. Diccia, having stamens and pistils on two
10. Decagynia, with ten pistils. plants.
11. Dodecagynia, with twelve pistils. 22. Tricecia, having stamens and pistils on three
12. Polygynia, with many pistils. plants. -
13. Gymnospermia, with naked seeds. 23. Filices, Ferns.
14. Angiospermia, with covered seeds. 24. Musci, Mosses.
15. Siliquosa, with seeds in siliques, or long pods. 25. Hepatice, Liverworts.
16. Siliculosa, with seeds in silicles, or short pods. 26. Algez and Fungi, Seaweeds, Lichens, Funguses.
.

NATURAL ORDERS OF LINNAZUS.

No one was more sensible of the need of a natural classification of plants than the
distinguished author of this artificial system, who declared that a method of classification,
based on the true intrinsic differences of plants, was “the first and last desideratum in
botany;” and he accordingly busied himself in arranging such a method, leaving as his
contribution in that direction the following fifty-eight families:

1. Palme — Palms. 11. Sarmentaceze — Runner-bearing, as the Straw-
2. Piperite — Arums. berry.
3. Calamariz — Sedges. 12. Holoracee — Whole-rooted, as the Goosefoot.
4. Graminez — Grasses. 13. Succulentee — Succulent, as the Purslane.
5. Tripetaloideze — Rushes. 14. Gruinales— Crane-bill, as the Geranium.
6. Ensatee — Sword-leaved, as the Iris. 15. Inundate — Pond-weeds, as the Potomageton.
7. Orchidez — Orchids. 16. Calyciflore— Where the calyx-tube encloses
8. Scitaminez — Dainty plants, as the Banana. the ovary, as the Oleaster.
g. Spathacez — Sheathed, as the Narcissus. 17. Calycanthemz — With the stamens inserted in h
10. Coronaria — Crown-bearing, as the Lily Family. the throat of the calyx, as the Melastomas. (
415 ae

ry
FR he.

ce-oe
=e

CULTIVATION AND ANALYSIS OF PLANTS.

18.

Bicornes— Two-horned; where the pollen is 40. Personate— Masked, as the Snapdragon; near-
discharged by two pores or tubes, as in the ly same as Didynamia Angiospermia.
Heath and Cranberry. 41. Asperifoliza — Rough-leaved, as the Borage.
19. Hesperide— Myrtles. 42. Verticillataa —Whorled, as the Holly; nearly
20. Rotaceze— Wheel-form, as the Anagallis. equivalent to Didynamia Gymnospermia.
21. Precie — Primroses. 43. Dumose — Swelling, as the Viburnum.
22. Caryophyllee — Pinks. 44. Sepiaria— With seeds hedged in, as the Jas-
23. Trihilatae— Maples. mine.
24. Corydales — Tufted, as the Fumitory. 45. Umbellatee — Umbrella-like, as the Parsley.
25. Putaminez — Pod-like-fruited, as the Caper. 46. Hederacee — Ivy.
26. Multisiliquae— Many-podded, as the Hellebore. 47. Stellata — Star-like, as the Madder.
27. Rhceadez — Soothing, as the Poppy. 48. Aggregate — Scale-like, as the Scabious.
28. Luridz— Lurid, as the Nightshade. 49. Composite — With massed flowers, as the Sun-
29. Campanacez— Bell-like, as the Bellflower. flower.
30. Contortze — Twisted back, as the Milkweed. 50. Amentacee — With catkins, as the Willow.
31. Veprecule — Bushy, as the Daphne. 51. Coniferee—Cone-bearing, as the Fir. .
32. Papilionacee — Butterfly-shaped, as the Pea. 52. Coadunate— United at the base, as the Mag-
33. Lomentaceze —With jointed pods, as the Cassia. nolia.
34. Cucurbitaceze— Curved, as the Gourd. 53. Scabrida — Rough, as the Nettle.
35. Senticosee— Thorny, as the Rose. 54. Miscellaneze — Miscellaneous flowering plants
36. Pomacez — Apple. not embraced in the foregoing.
37. Columniferee —Column-like, as the Mallow. 55. Filices — Ferns.
38. Tricocceze — Three-kerneled, as the Spurge. 56. Musci— Mosses.
39. Siliquosze — With long pods, as the Mustard; 57. Alga-— Seaweeds.

same as Cruciferz, or Tetradynamia. 58. Fungi— Funguses.

plants.

notice of earlier observers.

NATURAL SYSTHMS.

afettun based on the internal affinities and essential properties of
One of the great advantages derivable from such methods
is the bringing together into the same groups the plants that approach
nearest to each other in structural characteristics.
more philosophical than the artificial methods, which depended mainly
on outward similarities; but the final determination of the numerous divisions
and subdivisions of the vegetable kingdom, and the most appropriate nomen-
clature, has not yet been reached. The investigations of specialists are con-
tinually bringing to light new peculiarities, or differences that had escaped the
And hence every new writer on botany devises a

They are of course

method which is assumed to be an improvement on what preceded him.

Our distinguished native botanist, Dr. Asa Gray, of Harvard University, whose ele-
mentary works on botany have been declared by competent criticism to be “ unsurpassed
in the language for precision, simplicity, perspicuity and comprehensiveness,” has formed a
very elaborate system, mainly natural, but with a slight admixture of the artificial method.

The following table, showing a natural system, has been constructed, mainly from the
“Genera Plantarum” of the late Austro-Hungarian botanist, Stephen Ladislaus Endlicher:
416

D

SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION.

CLASSES, WITH THEIR ORDERS AND GENERA.

; Conorrs, SECTIONS. Rrtons,
Scientific Name. ‘Translation. N g
SIs
Je ey ena
Alga ......--.- Sea-weeds ........--.-- a P22 | cess ctecias naka irst in the economy of na- TuaLtopnyta: “Abund-
Lichenes ...--. Lidh@nssc-cccyseee <oo-= 4|. By leeosusessesseeetes nea ee bia Pal antly-sprouting plants,” or
ie eae mir 8 the classes of plants that
‘i : row in the form of a “ thal-
” 7
Hystexorstyra (late-born):| | marked discrimination be.
Fungi .-....--- Funguses ........-.---- G| Byam sscacncicomewases, de eat by as me tween leaves, stems ped
: is roots — mostly composed o
mains of the Protophyta. flattened cellular tissue, and
) Axoryns (upward:born):| ere eRe Se fronds, which
. + i i g i
Hypatice ...... Liverworts ....-------- 5 Ore oe file ee Bends peer ie along the ground :—
Musci .......-- Mosses ...-.----------- 3 ealled Leesuse ot wize dency| ) FLOWERLESS PLANTS.
to upright growth.
E
iliges:. Perns.. AcRoBRYA (from acron,
Hydrop Water-wings - top, and druein, to sprout):
Belg ises wisates Selago family -.. ae ‘ ee oy eee
Zamie ...------ ‘Turt-stems -.-.- bores Be ete 4
Rhizanthez ...-|Root-flowering - in other classifications.
Plumacem. .. Graminez (Grasses) --.- P

Enantioblaste -
Helobiz -..--..

Ensate .-.-...-
Gynandre ...--
Scitaminex
Fluviales _...-.
Spadiciflore ...
Principes

Conifere.......

Peperitew._..._.
Aquatica -
Juliflora. .
Oleracex -
Thymelee
Serpentariz-..-
Plumbagines ..
Aggregate ...-
Campanulinez -
Caprifolia -.-..-
Contortze
Nuculifera -..-
Tubuliflore -..-
Personataw
Petalanthe ...-
Bicornes. ..--.-
Discanthe
Corniculate...-
Polycarpice .-.
Rhaadew ...-:-
Nelumbiz -.
Parietales...
Peponifere -
Opuntia. .....-
Caryophyllinez
Colum vifera .--
Guttifere ......
Hesperides -_..

Cert «. es
Polygaliuea -..
Frangulacee ..
Tricoccer .....
‘Terebinthianz -
Gruinales -.....
Calyciflore -
Myrtifloree ._
Rosifera....
Leguminose ..

1

Cyperacez (Sedges)--.-
Oopositely udding
Marsh-living
Crowned perianth.
Bread-rooted ..-
Sword-like _.-
Hermaphrodite
Dainty plants-_-
River plants (N: :
SS tie pera Jeecie
Princely plants (Palmiv)

Platform-like -
Serpent-like ..
Leadworts.--
Clustered
Bell-like -..--..-
Climbing -leaved
Twisted 2222 3
Small-nut-bearing
Tube-flowering -
Masked
Petal-flowering -
Two-horned -.
Disk-flowering
Horn-shaped ~
Many-fruuted -
Rhubarb-like _
Nelumbo-like-
Wall-plants _.
Melon-bearing
Prickly-pears (Cactz).-
Walnut-like-leaved -..-

Three-kerneled
Turpentine-vielding ...
Cranebill-like.-..----..
Calyx-flowered _ a
Myrtle-flowered
Rose bearing .....- 3

Leguminous plants....

WwW PAT N ANUS Rw Aw ST

+

WAT NWO PP HWWWin COWAT NH PATIO CNT NW YD HOPMNWY

10

WUD DO

eno spengiie :
aked seeds.
i

Apetala:
+ Without petals.

Gamopetale +
With — married
or united pet-
rals; equivalent
to monopetalous
in other systems

Dialyfetale :°
With separate
petals; equiva-
Tent to the poly-
petalous of the
other systems.

AmMPHIBRYA (from amphi,
around, and druein, to
sprout): With the stem in-

| creasing or growing’ peri-
pherically, or what, in other
systems of classification, is
known as the Endogenous
Plants.

ACRAMPHIBRYA (from
acron, amphi and bruein, as
above): ith stems grow-
ing or increasing from the
top and peripherically; or
‘what, in the other systems
of classification, are known
as the Exogenous Plants.

CormopuyTa: ‘Plants
with trunks’ or stems;
where the root, stem and
leaf are well discriminated;

| with the flowers apparent,

and the distinction in the
organs of fructification well
aeaned

FLOWERING PLANTS.

B*

avy

x»
AG

UCH literary leave-takings as epilogues and /’envoys have grown
into perhaps deserved disuse: for, as Shakespeare says, “A good play
needs no epilogue;” yet, before taking final leave of a work that has
constituted ‘the delightful labor of many years, and bidding good-bye,
as it were, to the thousands of human beings to whom the book will
Spafford an introduction, the author would fain add a parting word to
gs enforce the incalculable moral, intellectual and zsthetic value of flori-
culture. Science, in any department of knowledge, is of intrinsic worth to
the human mind, but floriculture is eminently instructive, useful and agree-
able. If all the plants of the world were of one shape, size and color, there
would result a monotonous uniformity so burdensome to our imagination
as can scarcely be conceived in the presence of the almost infinite variety we
F> now enjoy. Nature, as if enticing us to search for her hidden treasures, has
{, produced many wonderful forms so different from each other that our curi-
osity is awakened when we first observe some unusual product of her handiwork;
and, thus stimulated, we are led to look for fresh peculiarities, and to push our
investigations into the innumerable recesses of the vegetable kingdom.

The researches of the botanists have added largely to our list of food-plants, and have
given us a sure guide as to which, among the many varieties of edible plants, are best
adapted to supply our wants. Indeed, primitive man must have been a botanist in a
small way. when he first discovered that plants afforded food fit for his use; so that a rude
botany must have been the first science cultivated among men. The first step toward
civilization was therefore made by each wild tribe when, with some uncouth dibble, or
pointed stick, they planted the first seed in the fruitful earth; and the cultivation of plants,
though doubtless long confined to the food-plants only, constituted an important factor in
the career of humanity as it progressed to refinement. Even now, when man has reached
the greatest height yet attained, there is no better test of the civilization of the individual
or the nation than the degree in which floriculture has hecome a fine art. So the ama-
teur culturist may gather confidence from the thought that his favorite pursuit is the first
and the last step in the progress of civilization. A knowledge of the healing proper-
ties of plants has been found no less useful by physicians. Indeed, for long ages the
healing art was entirely confined to their use; and Liebig has said that all ordinary dis-
eases may be cured or averted by a judicious change of the constituents of our plant-food.

Eee i

eo
os

nr

pose ara

as Ae f
oT are Ge ES
THE INFLUENCE OF FLORICULTURE. i

An outline study of botany, or (what is sometimes substituted for this) a close observa-
tion of nature, is necessary in most of the arts and sciences. The graceful, wavy, curved
lines of flowers, leaves and fruits form an important feature in architectural ornamentation,
as well as in the minor arts of cabinet-making, engraving, molding and the like. The
exquisite blending of colors in the flowers and foliage of plants furnishes the painter with
studies which he may imitate but cannot surpass. And the poets have ever been indehted
to the vegetable kingdom for some of their happiest flights of brilliant fancy.

A love of flowers will supply a praiseworthy incentive to the merchant, clerk, artisan
or laborer to leave behind him the smoke, dust and discomfort of the crowded city, and
bask during an hour’s or a day’s leisure in the invigorating country air, while he enlarges

his stock of knowledge by investigations that gently interest but do not overtax his intel-
lectual powers. The moralist will find in the love of plants and flowers a helpful hand-
maiden to religion and virtue; even the mechanical pursuit of the mere trade of gardener
has been conducive to a relatively superior morality, and freedom from crime. Horace
Mann found that there were fewer gardeners, in proportion to their numbers, than of any
other trade or calling in the poorhouses and prisons of Great Britain. Floriculture
has also an advantage over many amateur pursuits in the cheapness and facility with
which it can be followed, ax every plant may be regarded as an unfolded book, and every
flower an attractive object-lesson, while, unlike mechanics, astronomy or chemistry, it
needs no expensive working apparatus. Flowers are the most delightful of all teachers.

THE USE OF FLOWERS.

God might have bade the earth briny forth
Enough for great and small,
The oak-tree and the cedar-tree,
Without a flower at all.
We might have had enough, enough
For every want of ours, :
For luxury, medicine and toil,
And yet have had no flowers.

Then wherefore, wherefore were they made,
All dyed with rainbow light,

All fashioned with supremest grace
Upspringing day and night:—

Springing in valleys green and low,
And on the mountains high,

And in the silent wilderness
Where no man passes by?

Our outward life requires them not;
Then wherefore had they birth?
To minister delight to man,
To beautify the earth;
To comfort man—to whisper life,
Whene’er his faith is dim.
For who so careth for the flowers
Will care much more for him! )
—Mary Howitt.

re)

+19

¢
eke.

Andes of Sentiment,

A BELLE — Orchis, 227.

ABRUPTNESS — Borage, 52.
ABSENCE — Wormwood, 322.

A CONSTANT HEART — Bellflower, 47.
ADULATION — Cacalia, 63.

A Girr — Eutoca, 130.

AGRICULTURE -— Medick, 205.
ALLUREMENT — Quince, 255.
ALWAYS DELIGHTFUL — Cineraria, 86.
AmbBITIon — Hollyhock, 158.

A MEETING — Musk Plant, 215.

A MESSENGER — Iris, 173.
AMIABILIYY —White Jasmine, 175.

AMID NATURE’S BEAUTIES — Persimmon, 238.

ANTICIPATION — Anemone, 18.
ARCHITECTURE — Candytuft, 71.
ARTIFICE — Fennel Flower, 133.

A SOUR DISPOSITION — Berberry, 48.
AsyLuM— Juniper, 176.

A TRIFLING CHARACTER — Bladdernut, 51.
ATTACHMENT — Tpomeea, 171.
AustTeriry — Thistle, 299.

AuTHoRITY — Yucca, 325. ®
AWAKENING Love — Lilac, 188.

BaseNneEss — Dodder, 115.

BASHFUL MODESTY — Sensitive Plant, 273.
BEAUTY IN RETIREMENT — Rhodora, 258.
BELOVED DAUGHTER — Potentilla, 250.
BrNEVOLENCE — Calycanthus, 68.
Benerirs — Spikenard, 282.
BENEFICENCE — Feverfew, 135.

Beware — Oleander, 223

Biusues— Sweet Marjoram, 201.
BLUSHING BEAUTY — Damask Rose, 262.
Boastinc — Hydrangea, 167.

Bonpbs of Love — Honeysuckle, 161.
BounpD By FATE — Marsh Andromeda, 17.
Bounty — Double China Aster, 83.
BRAVERY — Lion’s Heart, 191.

LF,

BRILLIANCY — Poinsettia, 246.

CaLumny — Hellebore, 156.

CAN YOU BEAR POVERTY — Browallia, 57.
Cuarms — Sweet Balm, 38.

Cuarms— Musk Rose, 265.

Cuastiry — Orange, 226.
CHEERFULNESS — Spring Crocus, 101.
CHEERFULNESS IN OLD AGE— Aster, 32.
CHIVALRY — Daffodil, 107.
CoLp-HEARTED— Lettuce, 187.
CompLAINnT — Ground Pine, 150.
Conression — Lavender, 185,
ConripENcE — Geranium, 144.
CoNSOLATION — Snowdrop, 277.
CoNnQUER YouR LOVE— Asclepias, 27.
ConrEempr — Carnation, 75.
Coquretry — Day Lily, 113.

CouNTRY LIFE — Oats, 222.

Courtrsy — Maurandia, 203.

CRUELTY — Marigold, 200.

Curiosity — Walking Fern, 134.

Dancer — Dragon’s Claw, 117.
DrarH— Deadly Nightshade, 114. +
Deceit — Adder’s Tongue, 2.

Decrir —Venus’s Fly-trap, 309.
DecrirruL CuaArms — Thorn Apple, 301.
Deceprion — Winter Cherry, 320.
DECEPTIVE APPEARANCES — Chestnut, So.
DECLARATION OF LovE — Tulip, 306.
DEFENSE — Privet, 252.

DeEFormity — Begonia, 46.

DeLay — Eupatorium, 128.

De.irium— Foxglove, 140.
DEPARTURE — Sweet Pea, 234.

DeEsiGn — Dver’s Weed, 119.

Despair — Almond, 7.

DETRACTION — Clotbur, 8g.

Devotion — Heliotrope, 155.

421

ale

} INDEX OF SENTIMENT.

DIFFICULTY — Thorn, 300.
DIFFIDENCE — Cyclamen, 105.

Dienitry — Dahlia, 108.

DiscrETION — Lemon Blossom, 186.

Distrust — Buttercup, 61.

DOES HE POSSESS RICHES — Golden Bartonia, 42.
Domestic INDUSTRY — Flax, 137.

DomEsTIc VIRTUE — Sage, 269.

Dreams — Osmunda, 229.

EARLY FRIENDSHIP — Periwinkle, 237.
Ecstasy — Lophospermum, 195.
ELEGANCE — Birch, 49.

ELOQUENCE — Crape Myrtle, 100.
ELoquEeNce — Water Lily, 316.
EMULATION — Asparagus, 29.

ENERGY — Salvia, 270.

ENJOYMENT — Ground Ivy, 149.
ENTHUSIASM— Gum Tree, I5I.
EsTIMATION — Indian Mallow, 170.
ETERNITY — Eternal Flower, 127.
EXCESSIVE SENSIBILITY — Aspen, 30.
EXHILARATION — Snowdrop Tree, 278. .
EXPERIENCE — Sarsaparilla, 271.
EXTENT — Gourd, 147.

FaLszHoop — Apocynum, 20.

Fame — Trumpet Flower, 304.

Fancy — Globe Flower, 146.
FAREWELL — Spruce, 283.

Fate — Hemp, 157.

Favor — Sassafras, 272.

Fear — Arethusa, 24.

FELiciry — Sweet Sultan, 293.
FEMALE FIDELITY — Speedwell, 280.
FEMALE LOVELINESS — Justicia, 177.
FEMININE BEAUTY — Calla Lily, 67.
Festivity — Parsley, 232.
FICKLENESS— Lady’s Slipper, 179.
FIDELITY IN MISFORTUNE — Wallflower, 314.
FILIAL AFFECTION —Virgin’s Bower, 313.
Fitness — Sweet Flag, 291.
FLATTERY — Venus’s Looking-glass, 310.
FoLLy — Columbine, 93.

Fopper y — Cockscomb, 92.
Foresicut — Holly, 159.
ForGIVENEss — Aloysia, 9.
FoRMALITY — Ice Plant, 169.
ForTITUDE — English Moss, 125.
FRANKNESS — Basket Osier, 228.
FRIENDSHIP — Rose Acacia, I.
FuTURE HAPPINESS — Celandine, 78.

Gaiety — Butterfly Orchis, 62.

Goop NATURE — Mullein, 214.
Goopness — Mallow, 198.

Goop WISHES — Sweet Basil, 43.
Gossip — Cobeea, gr.

GLORIOUS BEAUTY — Clianthus, 88.
Gtiory — Laurel, 183.

Gracr — Fuchsia, 142.

GRANDEUR — Ash, 28.
GRATITUDE — Canterbury Bells, 72
GREATNESS —- Cotton Plant, 98.
Grier — Aloe, 8.

Happy AT ALL TIMES — Coreopsis, 94.
HarprHoop -— Cranberry, 99.

HEALTH — Fir Balsam, 136.

Heroism — Nasturtium, 218.

HIDDEN QUALITIES — Sweet Potato, 292.
HiGH-BRED — Pentstemon, 236.

Hoty Love— Passion Flower, 233.
Home— Eglantine, 121.

Honesty — Honesty, 160.

HONESTY TRUE NOBILITY — Dogwood, 116.
Honor — Oak, 221.

Humiviry — Broom, 55.

Hypocrisy — Bugloss, 58.

I AM THY PRISONER — Catchfly, 76.

I AM YOUR CAPTIVE — Peach Blossom, 235.
I DIE IF NEGLECTED — Laurestine, 184.

I CHANGE Not — Globe Amaranth, 12.

I LIVE FOR THEE — Red Cedar, 77.
ImmorTALITy — Amaranth, 11.
IMPATIENCE — Balsamine, 41.
IMPATIENCE — Cuphea, 103.

IMPERIAL POWER — Crown Imperial, 102.
INDECISION — Bulrush, 59.
INDIFFERENCE — Mustard, 216.
InpustrRY — Clover, go.

INFATUATION — Cardamine, 73.
INGRATITUDE— Ranunculus, 257.
Injustice — Hop, 162.

Innocence — Dwarf Pink, 118.
INNOCENCE AND BEAUTY — Daisy, 109.
INSPIRATION — Angelica, 19.
Instinct — Pitcher Plant, 244.
INTELLECT -— Walnut, 315.
Intoxication — Baccharis, 35.
INTRINSIC WORTH — Gentian, 143.
Intrusion — Bouncing Bess, 53.

I RejEcT you — Black Hoarhound, so.

I RESPECT THY TEARS — Bayberry, 44.

I WILL THINK oF Ir — Single China Aster, 84.

422

Ki

wey

[a

ia

I VALUE Your SYMPATHY — Wild Balm, 39.

ql

)

INDEX OF SENTIMENT.

Jeatousy — Hyacinth, 166.
JestTinc — Southernwood, 279.
Jusrice — Rudbeckia, 267.
JusTicE To you — Tussilago, 307.

KEEP YOUR PROMISES — Petunia, 239.
KNIGHT-ERRANTRY — Monkshood, 211.

Lasor — Broom Corn, 56.

LASTING FRIENDSHIP — Ivy, 174.

LET ME HEAL THY GRIEF — Arnica, 26.
Leviry — Larkspur, 182.
Licgutninc — Pomegranate, 247.

LiGHT-HEARTEDNESS — Shamrock, 274.

Lorry THOUGHTS — Sunflower, 290.
Love— Myrtle, 217.

LoveELiNness — Austrian Rose, 260.
Love or NATURE— Magnolia, 197.
Lovers’ tryst — Beech, 45.
Luxury — Horse Chestnut, 163.

MALEVOLENCE — Lobelia, 193.
MarrRIAGE — Citron, 87.
Matrimony — American Linden, 16.
MeEpIcinE— Endive, 124.

MEEKNESS WITH DIGNITY — Plumbago, 245.

MELANCHOLY — Weeping Willow, 317.
Memory — Syringa, 296.

MENTAL BEAUTY — Kennedya, 178.
Mercy — Chamomile, 79.

Merit — Coriander, 95.

MERIT BEFORE BEAUTY — Alyssum, 10.

MirtyH— Pimpernel, 242.
MISANTHROPY — Teasel, 298.
Mopesry — Violet, 312.

Necessity — Mermaid Weed, 207.
Nicut— Ebenaster, 120.
NoBiLiry — Queen of the prairie, 254.
Nove.try — Calceolaria, 66.

OBSTACLES TO BE OVERCOME — Mistletoe, 210.

OFTrENSE — Stapelia, 284.
Opinton — Escallonia, 126.
OpporTuNITY — Phaseolus, 240.
OBLIGING DISPOSITION — Valerian, 308.

PAINTING — Auricula, 33.

PARENTAL AFFECTION — Oxalis, 230.
PaTRiorisM— American Elm, 15.
PEACE — Olive, 225.

PERFECT GOODNESS — Strawberry, 287.
PERFECT LOVELINESS — Camellia, 69.

PERSECUTION — Fritillaria, 141.
PERSEVERANCE — Canary Grass, 70.
PHILANTHROPY — Melilot, 206.
PHILOSOPHY — Pine, 243.

PLEASURE — Loasa, 192.

PoLitENEss — Ageratum, 4.
PRAISE — Queen of the Meadow, 253.
PREFERENCE — Apple Blossom, 21.
PREFERMENT — Cardinal Flower, 74.
PRESUMPTION — Snapdragon, 275.

Prive — Amarylilis, 13.

PRIDE BEFRIEND ME— Tiger Flower, 303.
PROMPTITUDE — Matthiola, 202.
PRODIGALITY — Aristolochia, 25.
PROSPERITY — Nemophila, 219.
PROVIDENCE — Oleaster, 224.

PROXIMITY UNDESIRABLE — Burdock, 60.
PRUDENT ECONOMY — Chicory, 82.
PURIFICATION — Hyssop, 168.

Purity — Lily, 189.

QUICK-SIGHTEDNEss — Hawkweed, 152.

READY ARMED — Gladiolus, 145.
Reciprocity — Star Flower, 285.
RECONCILIATION — Star of Bethlehem, 286.

REMEMBERED BEYOND THE ToMB— Asphodel, 31.

REMEMBRANCE — Rosemary, 264.
REPENTANCE — Rue, 268.
Reposse — Morning Glory, 212.
ReEproor — Euphorbia, 129.
RESERVE — Rock Maple, 199.
RESISTANCE — Tansy, 297.
RETIREMENT — Lake-flower, 180.

RETURN OF HAPPINESS — Lily of the Valley, 190.

RicHEs — Wheat, 318.
RiGor — Lantana, 181.
Riva.ry — Rocket, 259.
Rumor — Mayweed, 204.

SECRECY — White Rose, 266.

SENSIBILITY — Verbena, 311.

ScuLpTurE — Hoya, 165.

SHAME— Peony, 231.

SINGLE BLESSEDNESS — Bachclor's Button, 36.
Simpciciry — Arbutus, 23.

SLANDER — Nettle, 220.

SLeEp— Opium Poppy, 248.

SLIGHTED AFFECTIONS — Chrysanthem um, 85.
SoLirupE — Heath, 153.

Sorcréry — Enchanter’s Nightshade, 123.
Sorrow — Cypress, 106,

Sorrow — Yew, 324.

423

As -e lL”

co er

INDEX OF SENTIMENT.

SORROWFUL REMEMBRANCES — Adonis, 3.
SPLENDOR — Sumach, 288.

STAR OF MY EXISTENCE — Chickweed, 81.
Storcism — Box, 54.

STRATAGEM — Sweet William, 294.

Success — Summer Savory, 289.

SUCCESS CROWN YOUR WISHES — Coronilla, 97.
SuspENsE — Ipomopsis, 172.

SWEETS TO THE SWEET — Daphne, 111.
Sympatuy — Thrift, 302.

SYMPATHETIC FEELING — Balm of Gilead, 40.

TALKING — Rosebay, 261.

Trars— Helenium, 154.

TEMPERANCE — Azalea, 34.

TEMPTATION — Apricot, 22.

Time — Four-o-clock, 139.

THANKFULNESS — Agrimony, 5.

THINE TILL DEATH — American Arbor Vite, 14.
THOUGHTS IN ABSENCE — Zinnia, 326.
THOUGHTS OF HEAVEN — Snowball, 276.
THREATS — Rose-leaved Rubus, 263.
TRANSIENT HAPPINESS — Spiderwort, 281.
TRANSIENT BEAUTY — Night-blooming Cactus, 64.
TRIFLING BEAUTY — Flower-of-an-Hour, 138.

Unanimity — Phlox, 241.
UNDERSTANDING — White Walnut, 319.

\ ; ie

UNFORTUNATE ATTACHMENTS— Mourning Bride,

213.
Uritity — Grass, 148.

Variety — Portulaca, 249.

Vicr— Darnel, 112.

VicissiIruDE — Locust, 194.

VirTUE— Mint, 209.

Vivacity -—— Houseleek, 164. *
VOLUPTUOUSNESS — Tuberose, 305.
VoRACIOUSNESS — Lupine, 196.

War — Yarrow, 323.

Wir — Ragged Robin, 256.

WItTcHERY — Witch Hazel, 321.
WooDLAND BEAUTY — Sycamore, 295.
WorTH ABOVE BEAUTY — Corn Cockle, 96.
WorTHY ALL PRAISE— Fennel, 132.

You EXCITE My CURIOSITY — Molucca Balm, 37.

‘YOU PLEASE ALL— Currant, 104.

YOUR EYES ARE BEWITCHING — Eyebright, 131

YOUR QUALITIES SURPASS YOUR CHARMS — Mig:
nonette, 208.

You TERRIFY ME— Snake Cactus, 65.

Youru — Primrose, 251.

YOUTHFUL RECOLLECTIONS — Dandelion, 110.

ZEAL — Elder, 122.