REPORT @ OF THE MANADIAN ARCTIC EXPEDITION 1913-18 VOLUME VIII: MOLLUSKS, ECHINODERMS, COELENTERATES, ETC. PART C: ECHINODERMS By AUSTIN H. CLARK & OTTAWA J. de LABROQUERIE TACHE PRINTER TO THE KING’S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 1920 Issued April 6, 1920. 3 1924 074 095 252 Report of the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18. VOLUME VIII: MOLLUSKS, ECHINODERMS, COELENTERATES, ETC. \ §— Part A: MOLLUSKS, RECENT AND PLEISTOCENE, By Wm. H. Dall...... (Issued). Part B: CEPHALOPODA AND PTEROPODA. ByS.S. Berry and W.F.Clapp......... Fe ee ee ne re Ree een ene seeeeeeeeceees s+ (In preparation). Part C: ECHINODERMS. By Austin H. Clark. Rossin panda nned aaee ad eae (In press). -Part D: BRYOZOA. By R.C. Osburn.............. 0... cece eee ee (In preparation). Part E: ROTATORIA. By H.K. Harring............. Oe ce raten aioe (In. preparation). Part F: CHAETOGNATHA. By A.G. Huntsman....................05. (In preparation). Part H: MEDUSAE AND CTENOPHORA. By H. B. Bigelow. Cgc Wemede ta: (In press) Part I: HYDROIDS. By McLean Fraser...............ccceeeweeee ..+.(In preparation). (POR IFERA, ACTINOZOA, and ALCYONARIA: material small in amount, and no specialists selected).. REPORT OF THE CANADIAN ARCTIC EXPEDITION 1913-18 VOLUME VIII: MOLLUSKS, ECHINODERMS, COELENTERATES, ETC. PART C: ECHINODERMS By AUSTIN H. CLARK OTTAWA J. de LABROQUERIE TACHE PRINTER TO THE KING’S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 1920 45509—1 Issued April 6, 1920 Cornell University The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http:/Awww.archive.org/details/cu31924074095252 The Echinoderms of the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18. By Austin H. Cruarx. The Canadian Arctic Expedition brought back two thousand and twenty- sn Echinoderms, representing a total of twenty species, the names of which ollow :— ECHINOIDEA. Echinarachnius parma Strongylocentrotus drébachiensis HOLOTHUROIDEA. Myriotrochus rinkw OPHIUROIDEA. Stegophiura nodosa Ophiocten sericeum Ophiozea robusta Amphiodia craterodmeta ASTEROIDEA. Ctenodiscus crispatus Asterias nortonensis Crossaster papposus Ctenasterias cribraria Urasterias linkit Stenasterias macropora Asterias polythela Leptasterias arctica Asterias acervata borealis Leptasterias (?) dispar Asterias anomala Leptasterias epichlora Leptastertas, sp. Of these the following ten were met with in the Arctic ocean only :— Myriotrochus rinkwi Urastertas linkii Ophiozea robusta Asterias acervata borealis Ophiocten sericeum Ctenasterias cribraria Ctenodiscus crispatus Leptasterias arctica Crossaster papposus Leptasterias (?) dispar the following seven were found only in Behring sea :— Echinarachnius parma Asterias anomala Amphiodta craterodmeta Asterias nortonensis Asterias polythela : Stenasterias macropora Leptasterias epichtora ‘and the following two were collected both in the Behring sea and in the Arctic ocean :— Strongylocentrotus drébachiensis Stegophiura nodosa 4c Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1918-18 Of the Echinoderms found in the region of Coronation gulf, the following five occur both in the north Atlantic and in the Behring sea :— Myriotrochus rinkw Ctenodiscus crispatus Ophiozea robusta Crossaster papposus Ctenasterias cribraria the following three are inhabitants of the north Atlantic and Arctic only :-— Ophiocten sericeum Urasterias linkti Asterias acervata borealis one, so far as known, inhabits part of the Arctic ocean and the coast of Kamchatka :-— Leptasterias arctica and one part of the Arctic ocean and the Aleutian islands :— Leptasterias (?) dispar but the last two are very imperfectly known, and the last is quite likely even- tually to prove to be nothing but the young of Asterias acervata. Thus the affinities of the fauna of the Coronation gulf region are clearly with the fauna of the regions to the eastward, and the material brought back resembles very closely collections at hand from the Hudson bay region and northwestern Greenland. Excepting where otherwise stated the specimens were collected by Mr. Frits Johansen, naturalist on the expedition. ECHINODERMA HETERORADIATA. Class ECHINOIDEA. Order CLYPEASTRINA. Family SCUTELLID. Echinarachnius parma (Lamarck) Station l6e. Off Kuskokwim bay, Alaska (59° 24’ N., 165° 11’ W.); 1214-13 fathoms; black sand; July 5, 1913. Fragments, embedded in clay. Order CENTRECHINOIDA. SUBORDER CAMARODONTA. Family STRONGYLOCENTROTID. Strongylocentrotus drébachiensis (O. F. Miiller) Station 20,6 andc. Grantley harbour, Alaska; 2-3 fathoms; sandy mud, with alge; July 30, 1913. Twelve specimens, the largest 23 mm. in horizontal diameter, and 11 mm. high. The colour of the tests is purple, that of the spines rather light green;. three have the longer spines dull reddish. Echinoderms. 5c Station 20g. Port Clarence, Alaska; 2-3 fathoms; sandy grey mud, with alge (thread alge, Laminaria, etc.); August 4, 1913. Three specimens, ranging in size from 65 mm. in horizontal diameter and 31 mm. in height to 7 mm. in horizontal diameter and 3 mm. in height. The test and tube feet are. dull purplish, the spines dull olive, beneath becoming tinged with dull purplish in the distal half. Mr. Johansen notes that of the specimens collected at this station only the extremes in size were kept. Station 20m. Beach at Port Clarence, Alaska; August, 1913. One specimen, measuring 20 mm. by 10 mm. Station 37p. Beach at Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories; October, 1914. One specimen, measuring 47 mm. by 24 mm. Station 41. Outer harbour, Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories ;$10 metres; sandy mud with Laminaria and Delesseria; bottom temperature 32°.5 Fahrenheit; July 20, 1915. One specimen, measuring 37 mm. by 18 mm. Station 43c. West of Cockburn point, Dolphin and Union strait, North- west Territories; 20-30 metres; grey mud with many stones and alge (Lamina- ria, Delesseria, and Lithothamnion); September 14, 1915. Ninety-four specimens, of which the largest is 53 mm. by 28 mm. These are very dark in colour, deep dull purple, lighter and brighter beneath, the spines above usually dark olive, sometimes deep dull purple, below dark purple distally, becoming gradually olive in the proximal half or two-thirds, and often with a broad subterminal dusky band. Station 44c. Beach at cape Barrow, Coronation gulf, Northwest Territories: August 3, 1915. J.J. O’Neill collector. Five specimens, the largest measuring 49 mm. by 23 mm. Station 44e. Kannuyuk island, Bathurst inlet, Coronation gull, Northwest Territories; 1 fathom; September 2, 1915. R. M. ‘Anderson, collector. One specimen, measuring 46 mm. in horizontal diameter. The colour is purple, with green spines. Class HOLOTHUROIDEA. Order PaRACTINOPODA. Family SYNAPTID. Subfamily MYRIOTROCHIN. Myriotrochus rinkii Steenstrup Station 37e. Inner harbour at Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories; about 2 fathoms; sandy mud with alge; September 1, 1914. One specimen. Station 41. Outer harbour at Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories; about 5 fathoms; sandy mud and Laminarie; July 20, 1915. Six specimens. Station 41c. Outer harbour at Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories; 3-8 fathoms; grey mud with Laminaria and Delesseria; July 28, 1915. Thirty-nine specimens. Station 43a. Off Cockburn point, Dolphin and Union strait; about 50 fathoms; sandy mud with pebbles, and no alge; September 13, 1915. Three specimens. Mr. Johansen writes that from the results of the investigations at Stations 37e, 41, 41c, and 43a it appears that Myriotrochus rinkii, the only holothurian 6c Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18 collected, is a very characteristic and common invertebrate in about 5 fathoms of water on a bottom of sandy mud in the vicinity of Bernard harbour, Dolphin and Union strait. There is here a rich algal flora consisting of Laminaria and other Fucoidex, Delesseria and other Floridex, green-thread alge, etc., con- stituting a Laminaria zone, and the dominating dark-brown colour of the alge influences the colour of the holothurians, some of which are dorsally, or even entirely, dark brown instead of the normal and typical transparent flesh-colour. Many of the specimens collected contained well-developed embryos. ECHINODERMA ASTRORADIATA. Class OPHIUROIDEA. Order CHILOPHIURIDA. Family OPHIOLEPIDID. Stegophiura nodosa (Litken) Station 20g. Port Clarence, Alaska; 2-3 fathoms; sandy grey mud with algee (thread alge, Laminaria, etc.); August 4, 1913. : Twelve specimens, of which the largest has the disc 10 mm. in diameter and the arms 25 mm. long, and the smallest has the disc 8 mm. in diameter and the arms 5-5 mm. long. Mr. Johansen records that in life these were red dorsally. Station 23. Northeast of Icy cape, Alaska (70° 24’ N., 161° 25’ W.); 9-10 fathoms; mud and pebbles; August 19, 1913. Four specimens, of which the largest is 10 mm. across the disc, with arms 16 mm. long. Station 41c. Outer harbour at Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories; 3-8 fathoms; grey mud with Laminaria and Delesseria; July 28, 1915. Ten specimens; the largest has the disc 9 mm. in diameter and the arms 19 mm. long, and the smallest has the disc 1-7 mm. in diameter and the arms 2-6 mm. long. Mr. Johansen states that in life these were rose colour, darkest dorsally, with the dorsal surface of the disc purplish. Ophiozea robusta (Ayres) Station 43c. West of Cockburn point, Dolphin and Union strait, Northwest Territories; 20-30 metres; grey mud, with many stones and alge (Laminaria, Delesseria, and Lithothamnion); September 14, 1915. Ten specimens, of which the largest has the disc 11 mm. in diameter; another has the disc 10 mm. in diameter and the arms 41 mm. long. These vary much in colour, some being as dark, with as strongly contrasting white markings, as any from Kamchatka (maculata of Ludwig), while others are an almost uniform brownish grey. Mr. Johansen writes that in life these showed a faint to strong contrast ef ae and grey spots and bands, and that the colours are well preserved in alcohol. Ophiocten sericeum (Forbes) - Station 43a. Off Cockburn point, Dolphin and Union strait; about 50 fathoms; sandy mud with pebbles, and no alge; September 13, 1915. Echinoderms. 7c Sixteen hundred and three specimens, all of which are small, not exceeding 9-5 mm. in diameter of disc. Station 43b. Off Stapylton bay, Dolphin and Union strait; 25-30 fathoms; sandy grey mud with a few pebbles, and no alge; September 14, 1915. One hundred and twelve specimens, of which the largest has the disc 15 mm.in diameter. Mr. Johansen writes that the colour in life varied from yellow brown to rose and dark grey-violet, the radial shields standing out from the surrounding portions of the disc through their more strongly red colouration. Station 43c. West of Cockburn point, Dolphin and Union strait, North- west Territories; 20-30 metres; grey mud, with many stones and alge (Lamina- ria, Delesseria and Lithothamnion); September 14, 1915. Four specimens of which the largest has the disc 12 mm. in diameter and the arms 38 mm. long. Order GNATHOPHIURIDA. Family AMPHIURIDA. Amphiodia craterodmeta H. L. Clark. Station 20g. Port Clarence, Alaska; 2-3 fathoms; sandy grey mud, with alge (thread alge, Laminaria, etc.); August 4, 1913. Five specimens, of which the largest has the disc 5 mm. in diameter and the arms 19 mm. long, and the smallest has the disc 2 mm. in diameter. Class ASTEROIDEA. Order PHANEROZONIA. Family PORCELLANASTERID. Subfamily CTENODISCINA. Ctenodiscus crispatus (Retzius) Station 48a. Off Cockburn point, Dolphin and Union strait; about 50 fathoms; sandy mud with pebbles, and no alge; September 13, 1915. One specimen; R=35 mm., r=15 mm.; the rays are slightly narrower than usual. In life, according to Mr. Johansen, the colour was a uniform greyish yellow brown. Order SPINULOSA. Family SOLASTERIDA. Crossaster papposus (Linné) Station 43c. West of Cockburn point, Dolphin and Union strait, North- west Territories; 20-30 metres; grey mud with many stones and alge (Laminaria Delesseria, and Lithothamnion); September 14, 1915. One specimen; R=60 mm., r=28 mm. Mr. Johansen notes that in life the colour was dorsally bright red. Se Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18 Order ForcIPULATA. Family ASTERIIDA. Subfamily ASTERIINA. Urasterias linkii (Miller and Troschel) Station 43b. Off Stapylton bay, Dolphin and Union strait; 25-30 fathoms; sandy grey mud, with a few pebbles, and no alge; September 14, 1915. Twelve specimens, of which the largest measures R=72 mm., r=8 mm., and the smalless R=6 mm., r=1-5 mm. The colour in life, as recorded by Mr. Johansen, was dorsally white or pale transparent rose with the violet pyloric cceca showing through laterally, the spines and clusters of pedicellarie and the ventral surface white. Asterias polythela Verrill. Station 20g. Port Clarence, Alaska; 2-3 fathoms; sandy grey mud, with alge (thread alge, Laminaria, etc.); August 4, 1913. Three specimens, of which the largest measures R= 90 mm., r=16 mm. Asterias acervata borealis Perrier. Station 22. North of the mouth of the Kukpowruk river, Alaska (69° 35’ N., 163° 27’ W.); 11-12 fathoms; rock and sand, with alge; August 17, 1913 One specimen; R=100 mm., r=23 mm. Asterias anomala (Verrill) Station 20g. Port Clarence, Alaska; 2-3 fathoms; sandy grey mud, with alge (thread alge, Laminaria, etc.); August 4, 1913. One specimen, measuring R=46 mm., r=12 mm. The genus Allasterias, in which this species was originally described, is not tenable. The character relied upon to separate it from Asterias, restricted, is one of the most striking features of Asterias rubens and all of its close relatives. Asterias nortonensis (Verrill) Station 20 6 and c. Grantley harbour, Alaska; 2-3 fathoms; sandy mud with alge; July 30, 1913. Twenty-seven specimens, all of approximately the same size. The largest measures R=94 mm., r=23 mm. Ctenasterias cribraria (Stimpson) Station 37b. Inner harbour at Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories; 2-3 fathoms; sandy mud, with many alge (Laminaria, etc.); August 25, 1914. Five specimens, of which the largest measures R=34 mm., r=8 mm. Station 41. Outer harbour at Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories; about 5 fathoms; sandy mud and Laminarie; July 20, 1915. Fourteen specimens, the largest measuring R=15 mm., r=3-5 mm. Station 43c. West of Cockburn point, Dolphin and Union strait, North- west Territories; 20-30 metres; grey mud with many stones and alge. (Laminaria, Delesserta and Lithothamnion); September 14, 1915. One specimen; R=13 mm., r=2-5 mm. Echinoderms. 9c Stenasterias macropora Verrill __ Station 20g Port Clarence, Alaska; 2-3 fathoms; sandy grey mud, with alge (thread alge, Laminaria, etc.); August 4, 1913. One specimen, measuring R=62 mm., r=10 mm. Leptasterias arctica (Murdoch) Station 22. North of the mouth of the Kukpowruk river, Alaska (69° 35’ reel 27’ W.); 11-12 fathoms; rock and sand, with alge; August 17, Two specimens, of which the larger measures R=15 mm., r=3-5 mm. Station:43c. West of Cockburn point, Dolphin and Union strait, North- west Territories; 20-30 metres; grey mud with many stones and alge (Lami- naria, Delesserta and Lithothamnion); September 14, 1915. g Two specimens; one measures R= 12 mm., r=3 mm., the other R=11 mm., r=3 mm. Leptasterias epichlora (Brandt) __ Station 20g. Port. Clarence, Alaska; 2-3 fathoms; sandy grey mud, with alge (thread alge, Laminaria, etc.); August 4, 1913. Twenty-four specimens, all with five rays; the largest measures R=19 mm., r=5 mm. Leptasterias? dispar Verrill Station 43c. West of Cockburn point, Dolphin and Union strait, North- west Territories; 20-30 metres; grey mud with many stones and alge (Lami- naria, Delesseria and Lithothamnion); September 14, 1915. One specimen; R=20 mm., r=5 mm. ?Leptasterias, sp. Station 23. Northeast of Icy cape, Alaska (70° 24’ N., 161° 25’ W.); 9-10 fathoms; mud and pebbles; August 19, 1913. One specimen. Tuer ASSOCIATION OF SPECIES. Station 16e. Off Kuskokwim bay, Alaska (59° 24’ N., 165° 11’ W.); 1214-13 fathoms; black sand; July 5, 1913. Echinarachnius parma (dead only) Station 20 b and c. Grantley harbour, Alaska; 2-3 fathoms; sandy mud, with alge; July 30, 1913. , Strongylocentrotus drébachiensis Asterias nortonensis Station 20g. Port Clarence, Alaska; 2-3 fathoms; sandy grey mud, with alge (thread alge, Laminaria, etc.); August 4, 1913. Strongylocentrotus drébachiensis Asterias polythela Stegophiura nodosa Asterias anomala Amphiodia craterodmeta Stenasterias macropora Leptasterias enichlora 10c¢ Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18 Station 20m. Beach at Port Clarence, Alaska; August, 1913. Strongylocentrotus drébachiensis Station 22. North of the mouth of the Kukpowruk river, Alaska (69° 35’ N., 163° 27’ W.); 11-12 fathoms; rock and sand, with alge; August 17, 1913. Asterias acervata borealis Leptasterias arctica Station 23. Northeast of Icy cape, Alaska (70° 24’ N., 161° 25’ W.); 9-10 fathoms; mud and pebbles; August 19, 19138. Stegophiura nodosa (?) Leptasterzas, sp. Station 37b. Inner harbour at Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories; 2-3 fathoms; sandy mud, with many alge (Laminaria, etc.); August 25, 1914. Ctenasterias cribraria Station 37e. Inner harbour at Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories; about 2 fathoms; sandy mud, with alge; September 1, 1914. Myriotrochus rinkw Station 37p. Beach at Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories; October, 1914. Strongylocentrotus drébachiensis Station 41. Outer harbour, Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories; 10 metres; sandy mud, with Laminaria and Delesserta; July 20, 1915. Strongylocentrotus drébachiensis Myriotrochus rinkti Ctenasterias cribraria Station 41c. Outer harbour at Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories; 3-8 fathoms; grey mud, with Laminaria and Delesseria; July 28, 1915. Myriotrochus rinki Stegophiura nodosa Station 43a. Off Cockburn point, Dolphin and Union strait; about 50 fathoms; sandy mud, with pebbles, and no alge; September 13, 1915. Myriotrochus rinkw Ophiocten sericeum Ctenodiscus crispatus Station 43b. Off Stapylton bay, Dolphin and Union strait; 25-30 fathoms; sandy grey mud, with a few pebbles, and no algw. September 14, 1915. Ophiocten sericeum Urasterias linkti Echinoderms. lle Station 43c. West of Cockburn point, Dolphin and Union strait, Northwest Territories ; 20-30 metres; grey mud, with many stones and alge (Laminaria, Delesseria and Lithothamnion); September 14, 1915. Strongylocentrotus drébachiensis Crossaster papposus Ophiozea robusta Ctenasterias cribraria Ophiocten sericeum Leptasterias arctica Leptasterias (?) dispar Station 44c. Beach at cape Barrow, Coronation gulf, Northwest Territories; August 3, 1915. J.J. O’Neill collector. Strongylocentrotus drébachiensis Station 44e. Kannuyuk island, Bathurst inlet, Coronation gulf, Northwest Territories; 1 fathom; September 2, 1915. R. M. Anderson, collector. Strongylocentrotus drébachiensis ADDENDA. The following Echinoderms were collected by the Northern Party of the Canadian Arctic Expedition and received in Ottawa after the above report had been written: Strongylocentrotus drébachiensis (O. F. Miiller). Stations 63c, d. Walker bay, Prince of Wales strait, Victoria island. J. Hadley, October 2, 1916. 15 specimens. Identified by Austin H. Clark. Psolus phantapus (Strussenfeldt) Jager. Station 63a. Walker bay, Prince of Wales strait, Victoria island. J. Hadley, July 30,1917. 1 specimen. Identified by Hubert Lyman Clark. Additional data for the Report on Echinoderms of the Canadian Arctic Expedition, based upon specimens from the ‘‘Neptune’’ and other Eastern Arctic Expeditions. By A. H. Crarx. ECHINOIDEA. Strongylocentrotus drébachiensis (O. F. Miller). Port Leopold, North Somerset, Northwest Territories; Neptune Expedition, August 17, 1904. 3 specimens. Richmond gulf, east side of Hudson bay (ca. 56° lat. N.); 15-30 fathoms. A. P. Low, June, 1899. 2 specimens. Near mouth of Povungnituk river, east side of Hudson bay (ca.60° lat. N.); 5-6 fathoms. A. P. Low, August, 1898. 2 specimens. 12¢ Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18 Northwest side of Hudson bay, Northwest Territories; beach. G. Comer, 1907-09. 2 medium-sized specimens. Winter harbour, Melville island, Northwest Territories; beach. Arctic Expedition, July, 1909. 1 small specimen. HOLOTHUROIDEA. Lophothuria fabricii (Diiben and Koren). Port Burwell, Ungava; Neptune Expedition, July 28, 1904. 8 specimens. Near mouth of Povungnituk river, east side of Hudson bay; 5-6 fathoms. A. P. Low, August, 1898. 1 specimen. King George sound, Hudson strait, Ungava; 40 fathoms. Diana Expedi- tion, Low and Wakeham, September 9, 1897. 1 specimen. Cucumaria frondosa (Gunnerus). North Somerset, Northwest Territories; Neptune Expedition, August, 1904. 10 specimens. Near mouth of Povungnituk river, east side of Hudson bay; 5-6 fathoms. A. P. Low, August, 1898. 2 specimens. Cucumaria calcigera (Stimpson) Selenka. Richmond gulf, east side of Hudson bay; 15-30 fathoms.