Cal Ad Cis pt. F REPORT CANADIAN ARCTIC EXPEDITION : <2 1913-16 VOLUME VII: CRUSTACEA PART F: PYCNOGONIDA By LEON J. COLE SOUTHERN PARTY—1913-1916 OTTAWA THOMAS MULVEY PRINTER TO THE KING’S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 1921 Issued January 3 1921 QO Report of the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18. VOLUME VII: CRUSTACEA F —_——_ Part A: DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS. By Miss Mary J. Rathbun. (Issued August 18, 1919 Part B: SCHIZOPOD CRUSTACEANS. By Waldo L. Schmitt.(Issued September 22, 1919). Part C: CUMACEA. By W.T.Calman........................, (Issued October 15, 1920). - Part D: ISOPODA. By Miss P. L. Boone.......... toh (Issued November 10, 1920). Part E: AMPHIPODA. By Clarence L. Shoemaker............... (Issued September 7, 1920). Part F: PYCNOGONIDA. By Leon J. Cole..................... n Gara URES .... (In press). Part G: EUPHYLLOPODA. By Frits Johansen.......................0-5 C4 i preparation). Part H: CLADOCERA. By Chancey Juday.....................04. (Issued June 23, 1920). Port Ir OSTRACODA. By R. W.Sharpe...........0c0c0ccceccceeeceeees (In prenoraliony. Part J: FRESHWATER COPEPODA. By C. Dwight Marsh.......(/ssued April 21, 1920). Port. K: MARINE COPEPODA. By Arthur Willey................ (Issued June 25, 1920). Part L: PARASITIC COPEPODA. By Charles B. Wilson.......... (Issued August 6, 1920). Part M: CIRRIPEDIA. By H.H. Pilsbry............. Rt atph ates a scntay eee haiee (In preparation). REPORT OF THE CANADIAN ARCTIC EXPEDITION 1913-18 VOLUME VII: CRUSTACEA PART F: PYCNOGONIDA By LEON J. COLE SOUTHERN PARTY—1913-1916 OTTAWA THOMAS MULVEY PRINTER TO THE KING’S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 1921 4270 Issued January 3, 192) Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924074095351 Report on Pycnogonida Collected by the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-1918. By Leon J. Cotz University of Wisconsin Arctic explorations extending back more than a century have resulted in what may perhaps be considered a fairly complete knowledge of the pyenogonid fauna in one half of the Arctic ocean, while that of the other half has remained almost wholly unknown, Numerous collections have been reported on from the Kara sea (limited by about the 70th meridian) on the east to Baffin bay and Smith sound (to nearly 80° W. long.) on the west. These include collections from the Kara sea, Barents sea, Franz Josef land, Spitzbergen, the north coast of Norway and the Norwegian sea, the north Atlantic, the shores of Greenland, Davis strait, Baffin bay and Smith sound. In contrast to this two or three early records and the reporting of two species of Nymphon at point Barrow (Murdoch, 1885)! apparently stood for many years as the only records for this group on the arctic coasts of Canada (to the westward of Baffin bay), Alsaka and Siberia. The Russian Polar Expedition, 1900-1903 (Schimkewitsch, 1907a), added considerably to our knowledge of the Siberian pycnogonid fauna as far east as the New Siberian islands (to longitude 150° E.). The collections of the Canadian Arctic Expedition, while they contain only three species, help to fill in another gap, as they come from Dolphin and Union strait, approximately mid- way between Baffin bay and point Barrow. There were transmitted to me through the Smithsonian Institution of Wash- ington, for purposes of identification, two lots of Pycnogonida collected by the Canadian Arctic Expedition. These lots both came from the same station (43a) and comprise five specimens belonging to three different species of the Nymphonide. The labels give the following data for this station: “Off Cockburn Point, Dolphin and Union Str., Arctic Can. Sta. 48a. Depth about 100 meters, Gray mud with pebbles, 4 ft. beam-trawl, about 1 hour. C.A.E.—F. Johansen.” Following are the species represented: 1. Nymphon sluiteri Hoek. One specimen, adult. The shape of the eye-tubercle and the shape and relative proportions of the terminal claw to the second tarsal joint are diagnostic. According to the tabular summary of the distribution of temperate and arctic Pyconogonida given by Norman (1908) this species has previously been reported from the following regions: a. British area. b. East Arctic—Siberia to East Finmark. ce. High Arctic—Spitzbergen, Franz Josef land, &e. d. West Arctic—Jan Mayen, Iceland, east Greenland, It has also been reported from west Greenland (Coutts inlet, Rodger, 1898), while the records of the Russian Polar Expedition from Kara sea, Taimur bay, 1Through the kindness of Dr. Paul Bartsch, Curator of Marine Invertebrates in the U.S. National Museum, I have recently had the privilege of examining the point Barrow specimens and have been able to verify Murdoch’s identification of them as Nymphon longitarse and Nymphon grossipes. 2Mr. Fritz Johansen has called my attention to the record of two pycnogonids reported in Suther- land’s (1852) ‘‘Journal of a Voyage in Baffin’s Bay and Barrow Straits, in the years 1850-1851” (Vol. I, Appendix, pages cevii and ccviii), which appears to have been overlooked by the authors dealing with this region. The descriptions, by Mr. Adam White, are very inadequate, and the illustrations are little better for specific determination. As Mr. Johansen suggests, his Nymphon crassipes is probably a Chetony- mophon (though the hairiness is not mentioned except on the palps, and is not represented in the figure), and might perhaps be Chetonymphon hirtipes. The other species, which he describes as a species of Nymphon similar to the Pycnogonum grossipes of Otto Fabricius but smaller and “more slim’ would appear to be very close to Nymphon sluiteri or Numphon longitarse, though the proportionate lengths of the joints of the legs as represented do not agree with the latter species. It would, however, be worse than useless to attempt to assign these forms definitely to known species on the basis of the descriptions fur- nished. The specimens came from Union bay (about75°N., 92°W.) At our suggestion,‘Dr. W. T. Calman Bae kindly made search for these specimens in the collections of the British Museum, but has been unable to find them. 4 Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-1918 and north of the New Siberian islands (Schimkewitsch, 1907a) add it to the Siberian arctic area. The present record, from what may be called the American Arctic area! completes the circle, making this a truly circumpolar species. 2. Nymphon longitarse Kréyer. One specimen, adult. The known distribution of N. longitarse is even more extensive than that of the preceding species. Norman (1908) has collected records from: a. British area. b. Scandinavian—Norway, South and West. c. East Arctic. d. High Arctic. e. West Greenland?. f. North-east American to lat. 35° N. (Cape Hatteras). The American records for this species range from the region of Smith sound (Ortmann, 1901), Baffin bay and Davis Strait (Meinert, 1899; Vanhéffen, 1907), to extreme south Greenland (Stephensen, 1913, 1916), and according to Wilson (1878, 1880) it extends as far south along the east coast of North America as Massachusetts bay. The present record form a link to the westward with that from point Barrow (Murdoch, 1885). Schimkewitsch (1907 b) reported it from the Okhotsk sea,? but it does not appear to have been taken by the Rus- sian Polar Expedition, though its otherwise circumpolar distribution would lead to the presumption that it occurs also in the Siberian Arctic. 3. Chetonymphon hirtipes (Bell). One adult male; one adult female; one immature. The present record extends the range of this well-known species to the westward. Norman (1908) lists it from: . British Area. . Scandinavian. . East Arctic. . High Arctic. . Faroe Channel. West Arctic. . West Greenland.” . North-East American It has been found widely distributed on the East and West coast of Green- land (see Stephensen, 1913 and 1916, for detailed localities) and according to Wilson (1878, 1880), like Nymphon longitarse extends south to Massachusetts bay on the American coast. Carpenter (1898) has said of this form: “C. hirtipes is one of the most familiar Arctic pyenogons; and from the numerous localities from which it has been dredged, it would appear to have a complete circumpolar range.”’ It should be noted, however, that in this last respect it does not yet equal either of the foregoing species as it does not appear up to this time to have been found between Dolphin and Union strait and the Kara sea. The Canadian Arctic Expedition specimens had a number of Foraminifera attached to them, identified by Dr. J. A. Cushman of Boston as Truncatulina lobatula (Walker and Jacob). See Report of Canad. Arct. Exped., Vol. IX, Part M, p. 9M. 1This term is suggested, rather than Canadian Arctic, to include the whole Arctic area adjacent to the North American continent from Baffin bay to Bering strait. Should there be reason for doing so it can be subdivided into the Canadian Arctic and Alaskan Arctic, the division point being practically Mackenzie bay, at the mouth of the Mackenzie river. These two sub-areas differ strikingly in that one is composed of the straits and sounds among the islands of the Arctic Archipelago, while the other is an open coast. 2See also footnote 2, p. 3r. Schimkewitsch (1913) has later described a new variety (N. longitarse var. minus) from this region, which he says is only about half the size of the European form. moe reo ao of Cladocera 5F Other Records for the North American (west of Long. 80°W.) and East Siberian (east of Long. 70° E.) Arctic. At least three other species have, been reported from the half of the Arctic ocean here considered, making a total of six in all. This is a great contrast to the forty-eight species recorded by Norman (1908) as occurring in the East Arctic, High Arctic, Faroe Channel, West Arctic and West Greenland areas combined. This difference is doubtless due in part to the great discrepancy in the amount of marine exploration of the two regions, but the half of the Arctic above the Atlantic Ocean is more varied and more open to southern influence, and may accordingly have a more varied fauna. The species referred to are as follows: Nymphon ¢grossipes O. Fabr. Reported by Murdoch (1885) as “rather plenty but small off Point Frank- lin [near Pt. Barrow] in 131% fathoms,’’ and from Norton sound in Bering sea. Aside from these records this species has a wide distribution, corresponding roughly to that of Chetonymphon hirtipes. Boreonymphon robustum (Bell). Bell (1855) described this species as Nymphon robustum from specimens collected by the Belcher Expedition at their winter quarters in Northumberland sound, 76° 52’ N., 97° W. Colossendeis proboscidea (Sabine). This species was described as Phoxichilus proboscideus.by Sabine (1824) from specimens collected on the Parry Expedition, at North Georgia island (one of the Parry islands, about lat. 75° N., long. 100° W.). In the narrative of the voyage of the ‘“Vega’’ (Nordenskiéld, 1881, Vol. 1, p. 349) is a figure of an unnamed specimen of Colossendeis which resembles C. probosidea very closely in appearance, particularly in the shape and size of the proboscis. It was taken off the northeast coast of the Taimur peninsula. Lénn- berg (1902, p. 359) evidently refers to this record in discussing the distribution of this species, but does not cite his authority for its identification’. If the identification is correct it adds another known species to the little-known half of the Arctic previously referred to. i “The original report of the ‘‘Vega’’ expedition has not been available to me, but Dr. Bartsch, who has been so kind as to look it up, states that on page 709 of the ‘‘Vega-Expeditiones Vetenskapliga Jakttagelser,’’ volume I (1882) is a picture labelled Colossendeis gigantea. This is given as a synonym for C. probosidea by Sars (Pycnogonida of the Norwegian North-Atlantic Expedition, 1891, p. 138). The figure’is the same one used in the English translation of the ‘Vega’ narrative. : 6 F Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-1918 REFERENCES. Bell, Thomas. 1855. Account of the Crustacea. In The last of the Arctic voyages; being a narrative of the expedition in H.M.S. Assistance, under the command of Captain Sir Edward Belcher, C.B., in search of Sir John Franklin, during the years 1852-53-54. Lond., 2 vols. Vol. 2, pp. 400-411, pls. 34, 35. Carpenter, G. H. 1898. On Pantopoda collected by Mr. W. S. Bruce in the neighbourhood of Franz-Joseph Land, 1896-97. Journ. Linn. Soc.-Zool., Vol. 24, pp. 626-634, pl. 46. Meinert, Fr. 1899. The Danish Ingolf-Expedition, Vol. III, 1, Pycnogonida. Copenhagen. Murdoch, John. 1885. Marine invertebrates. (Exclusive of mollusks.) Report of the ee ae Polar Expedition to Point Barrow, Alaska. Washington. Pp. 136- 176, pls. 1, 2. Lonnberg, Einar. 1902. List of pyenogonids collected by the Swedish zoological expedition to Spitzbergen and East Greenland 1900. Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Férhandl. 1902, pp. 353-359. Nordenskiéld, A. E. 1881. The voyage of the Vega around Asia and Europe, with a historical review of previous journeys along the north coast of the world. (Translated by Alexander Leslie.) London: Macmillan and Co., 2 vols. Norman, A. M. 1908. The Podosomata (=Pycnogonida) of the Temperate Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, Journ. Linn. Soc.-Zool., Vol. 30, pp. 198-238, pls. 29, 30. Ortmann, A. E. 1901. Crustacea and Pycnogonida collected during the Princeton Expedition to North Greenland. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1901, pp. 144-168. Rodger, A. M. 1893-95. Preliminary account of natural history collections made on a voyage to the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Davis Straits. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb., Vol. 20, pp. 154-163. Sabine, E. 1824. Supplement to the Appendix of Capt. Parry’s voyage for the discovery of the North-West Passage in the years 1819-20, containing the zoological and _ botanical notices. Marine Invertebrate Animals, by Captain Edward Sabine. London. Schimkewitsch, W. 1907a. Zur Pantopoden-Fauna des sibirischen Eismeeres. Résultats scientifiques de l’Expédition Polaire Russe en 1900-1903, sous la direction du Baron E. Toll. Section E: Zoologie. Vol. 1, livr. 6., Mém. de l’Acad. Imp. d. Sci. de St.- Pétersb., VIIIe Seire. Classe Physico-Math., Vol. XVIII, No. 6, pp. 1-10, pl. 1 1907 b. Ubersicht der von P. Schmidt und W. Broschnikow in den ostasiatischen Ufer- gewissern gesammelten Pantopoden. Annuaire du Musée Zoologique de 1’Acad. Imp. d. Sci. de St.-Pétersb., T. XI, 1906, pp. 246-252, pl. 1 1913. Einige neue Pantopoden. Ibid., T. XVIII, 1913, pp. 240-251, pl. 3a. Stephensen, K. 1913. Grénlands Krebsdyr og Pycnogonider. (Conspectus Crustaceorum et ta Groenlandiz). ‘Meddelelser om Grénland,’’ XXII. Copenhagen, 479 pp. 1916. Zoogeographical investigation of certain fjords in Southern Greenland, with special reference to Crustacea, Pycnogonida and Echinodermata; including a list of ern and Pisces. ‘‘Meddelelser om Grénland,’’ LIII. Copenhagen, pp. 229- 378, 31 figs. Sutherland, Peter C. 1852. Journal of a voyage in Baffin’s Bay and Barrow Straits, in the years 1850-1851, performed by H.M. Ships ‘Lady Franklin” and “Sophia,” under the command of Mr. William Penny...., London: Longman, Brown, Green and Long- mans, 2 vols. Vanhéffen, E. 1897. Crustaceen; Drygalski, Grénland-Exped. d. Gesellsch. f. Erdkunde zu , Berlin, 1891-93, Vol. 2. Wilson, E. B. 1878. Plankton. By Albert Mann. (In preparation). Part B: Marine Diatoms. By L. W. Bailey, . ee preparation). po wy Part,C: Tidal Observations and Results. By W . Bell Dawson. (Issued). he _ Part D: Hydrography. (In preparation). : ae iY 1 1 “ = Se t a abs Nal