MS cal wt REPORT CANADIAN ARCTIC EXPEDITION 1913-18 VOLUME IV: BOTANY PART A: FRESHWATER ALGAE AND FRESHWATER DIATOMS By CHARLES W. LOWE SOUTHERN PARTY—1913-16 OTTAWA F. A. ACLAND PRINTER TO THE KING’S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 1923 Issued February 20, 1923 3 1924 074 095 492 | Report of the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18. VOLUME I: GENERAL INTRODUCTION, NARRATIVE, ETC. | Part A: NORTHERN PARTY, 1913-18. By Vilhjalmur Stefansson.,.......+..-.++. Un preparation) Part B: SOUTHERN PARTY, 1913-16. ‘By Rudolph’ Martin Anderson........ secre In preparation) * ° “ VOLUME Il: MAMMALS AND BIRDS Part A: MAMBIALS, OF WESTERN ARCTIC AMERICA. dolph Martin. Anderson.............cccescuecnccueneecseseceatens .Un preparation). Part. B: BIRDS ou WESTERN ARCTIC. AMERICA. By Sa M. Anderson and P. A. Taverner sreioinua byscecoias qussal®O SWS iesteavavsravelateinns -- dn. preparation). VOLUME i: INSECTS INTRODUCTION. By C. Gordon Hewitt...........000 cesceceees - CUssued rocenibik 10, 11920). ‘Part A: COLLEMBOLA. . By Justus W. Folsom,............sseseeerecseereeeees (lesued July 10, 1919 Part B: NEUROFTEROID.. INSECTS. By Nathan Banks........5...-+-00%. .. (Issued July 11, 1919). Part C: DIPTERA. om 7 ' Crane-flies. By Charles P. oe. . Mosquitoes, ‘By Harrison G. Dya gee * 8 , ‘.. Diptera (excluding Tipulide and Culicide). By J. R. Malloch....... (Issued July 14, 1919). Part D: MALLOPHAGA AND ANOPLURA. ? Mallophaga. ae W. Baker. eS Anoplune, Spe F. Ferrisand G. H. F. Nuttall...............- (Issued September 12, 1919).. Part E: COLEOPT. ; Forest ieea including Ipide, 2, Coratabyaidee, and Buprestids. By J. M. Swaine. Carabid= and Silphide. By H..C. age oo Elaterid, Chrysomelides ‘and Rhynchophora (excluding Ipide). ; y . Leng. . Dytiscide. By ‘J.D: Sherman, Jr. eer, see a chigentaehunins Taeuet December 12, 1919). Part F: HEMIPTERA. By Edward P. VanDuzee.. : (Issued July 11, 1919). Part G: HYMENOPTERA AND PLANT GALLS. Sawflies. (Tenthredinoidea). By Alex. D. MacGillivray. Parasitic yménoptera. By Charles T. Brues. : Wasps and Bees. By TF. W. L. Sladen. 5 Plant Galls. By E. Porter Pore 5 KRG CORRE CHET GiGavexRweeuaun (Issued November 8, 1919). Part H: SPIDERS, MITES:AND MYRIAPODS. Spiders. By J. H. Emerton. Myo By Nathan Banks. iapods. By Ralph V. Chamberlin.............. ea pe eed es (Issued July 14, 1919). Part I: LEPIBOE oTERA. ne: e7tbur cibsow. i aiunatath:stachiave ayereiat aia avatatetens {Tenued January 10, 1920). Part J: ORTHOPTERA. -By E. M. Walker............ccccegieseeneeeceees (Issued September 4 1920). Part K: INSECT LIFE on THE WESTERN ARCTIC GOAsT’ OF AMERICA Ys Evite JOR AN SONG sasese sxssciivn oleracea cracvin'eatSle kbs acs ovssese aintaisterw oeereve (Issued ‘November 7, 1921). Part L: GENERAL IN DEX. o3... saris tess inne hema eaene sents nis Roca eRe (Issued December , 1922). ; VOLUME IV: BOTANY Part A: FRESHWATER ALGAE AND FRESHWATER DIATOMS. By Charles W. Lowe. re Fc Gx je a ge aaa paz legac ooeua sass in speasushavis eh edo.bxanella/Stannd el Sbayessndliscan shes: beskassters ch thaviis Avevaysitadetskapcrmiedes) es (In oie Part B: ‘MARINE ALGAE, _By F. 8. Collins a. Coens Un pee aetna Part C: FUNGI. By John Dearness.. ‘istacsdienionieiPs ' sas Gistesal agateiersiere’s Un Ut all Part D: LICHENS. By-G.'K. Merrill.. iS (In preparation Part E: MOSSES. By Re S. Williams ............. eee (issued February 8, 1921). VOLUME V: BOTANY Part A: VASCULAR. PLANTS. By James M. Macoun and Theo. Hola.2:. ‘taaaal October 14, ioet).: 2 Part B: CONTRIBUTIONS TO MORPHOLOGY, SYNONYMY, AND GEOGRAPHICAL DIS- TRIBUTION OF ARCTIC PLANTS. By Theo. Holm......(Issued February 10, 1928). Part C: GENERAL NOTES ON. ARCTIC VEGETATION. By Frits Johansen. (In preparation). : 3 : VOLUME VI: FISHES, TUNICATES, ETC. Part A: FISHES. By F. Johansen............6.sesceevennes ssisaaiersts seeeeeeesecesesen (In een | ; Part B: ASCIDIANS, ETC. By A. G. Huntsman..:.. nin eitlatain aierane Ana aye Cs ssued November 29, 1922). VOLUME VII: CRUSTACEA ‘ Part A: DECAPOD. ‘CRUSTACEANS. By Mary J. Rathbun.............. Cieweil August 18, 1919)- _Part B: SCHIZOPOD CRUSTACEANS. By Waldo L. Schmitt........ -Ussued September £2, 1919). , ‘Part Cs CUMACEA. By W. T. Caliiat.......¢.cc0e2esacncerencacaseeaees - (Issued October 15, 1920). Part D: ISOPODA, . By P. L. Boone.........2...0+5 iors .. (Issued November 10, 1920)... Part E: AMPHIPODA: By Clarence R. Shoemaker sielatoatsitwanciens (Issued September 7, 1980). Part F: PYCNOGONIDA Egon J. Cole....- seeeee- (In press, January 3 1921). Part G: ECPHYLLOPODA.. By F. Johansen...........05...cccsececccccevesccce tal May 10, 1 928).. ; Part H: CLADOCERA. By Chancey Juday. Part I: OSTRACODA. By R. W. Sharpe.... Part J: FRESHWATER COPEPODA. By Cc. Dwight Mars’ eR eat Mea ae eee ee . Part L: oe arles son. .. (Issued A ust 6 1920 Part M: CIRRIPEDIA. By H. A. Pilsbry.................005 (in preparation) . Part N: bags CRUSTACEAN LIFE ‘OF SoM ARCTIC LAGOONS, “LAKES AND PONDS. - By F. ae wih siaiaumiaisiniosorniniaieidar sible ai a\Sipinly dninie aisiarnre erelancia caine (Issued: December 30, 1928). se ee (Un preparation ' Siar April 81, 1080. . (Issued June 26. 1920). REPORT OF THE CANADIAN ARCTIC EXPEDITION 1913-18 VOLUME IV: BOTANY PART A: FRESHWATER ALGAE AND FRESHWATER DIATOMS By CHARLES W. LOWE SOUTHERN PARTY—1913-16 OTTAWA F, A. ACLAND PRINTER TO THE KING’S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 19238 Issued February 20, 1923 Cornell University The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924074095492 I. The Freshwater Algae of the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18 By CHarLes W. LowE Lecturer on Botany, The University of Manitoba, Winnipeg The Freshwater Algae of the Canadian Arctic expedition were collected by Mr. Frits Johansen, the marine biologist who accompanied the Southern Party. The collections were obtained in Alaska, from the arctic regions of the North- west Territories as far east as Bernard harbour, and from islands near the arctic coast. The algae were collected from as many different situations as possible —exposed rocks, warm streams, still and running water, lakes and tundra ponds. In such latitudes as those in which these samples of waterlife were obtained, it is almost impossible to make an examination at the time of collection to determine which collections are likely to be of special interest and worth obtain- ing in considerable quantity, and which are going to turn out poorly. In con- sequence the collections varied greatly; some bottles containing but little material were rich in both species and numbers, while a few which seemed to be better filled were found to contain only sand particles and unrecognizable decaying organic matter. The richest collection was secured from an Hippuris swamp at Herschel island, Y.T. (Plate II., fig. 2). This is a small island situated a short distance from the mainland in the Beaufort sea, and about halfway between the inter- national boundary at Demarcation point and the mouth of the Mackenzie river. The swamp, which is about half a mile from the sea, at an elevation of approximately 200 feet, is a widened portion of one of the many creeks inter- secting the island. The fact that the island is much visited by waterbirds may account to a large extent for the variety of algal species found there. The low temperature in these northern latitudes makes it necessary to preserve all collections in alcohol almost immediately after they have been gathered. Alcohol, as is well known, is by no means a good fixing agent for algae and, as a consequence, the algae in the collections, for the most part, were poorly fixed. The protoplasmic contents of the cells were found to be much contracted and the walls of many of the desmids collapsed. Some of the desmids had even lost their original shapes, owing to the fact that portions of their walls had become inverted. In many of the Myxophyceae the alcohol had altered the colour of the sheath and of the contents. Tue EXAMINATION OF MaTERIAL FROM BrackisH Ponps. The examination of material from brackish waters was of special interest, revealing a green algal flora almost entirely freshwater in character. In samples collected from a brackish pond at Teller, Alaska, there were not only many species of algae but each species was represented by numerous individual plants. I therefore inquired of Mr. Johansen as to the pond’s salinity, its nearness to the ocean, and as to its supplies of fresh water from melting snow. Mr. Johansen kindly furnished me with the following information. There were two kinds of brackish ponds examined by the expedition: (1) very shallow lagoon ponds, from a few inches up to one foot in depth, in actual connection with the sea, at least at high tide, and (2) brackish ponds containing water all the year round, situated farther inland than the lagoons 49069—14 4a Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-1918 or at a sufficiently high elevation to be out of the reach of the sea, although to this they plainly owe their origin. Some of the larger lakes were quite fresh and probably of glacial origin, but others, which must at one time have had connection with the sea, probably contained some salt or brackish water in their deeper parts although their surface water was quite fresh. The shallow lagoon ponds owe their water content partly to melted snow but principally to the influx at high tide. The sandy or gravelly beach surround- ing them is saturated with sea water; and the more shallow and smaller of them completely dry out by the end of summer. The presence of salt in the lagoon ponds is thus easily accounted for. The ponds are frozen solid for nine months of the year and thaw in summer at the same time as the ice along the seashore. Of especial interest are two brackish ponds which belong to the second type mentioned above, viz.: (1) a tundra pond between a large lake and the sea at Teller, Alaska (Port Clarence bay), and (2) a more open pond situated at the end of the bay at Bernard harbour, N.W.T. The tundra pond represents a remnant of the outlet which in earlier times at high tide connected the large lake nearby with Grantley harbour (Port Clarence bay). The bed of this outlet, except for a deep hole which is now the tundra pond, filled with sand and in the course of time became overgrown with a swamp vegetation. The locality was visited by the expedition for two weeks in August, 1913, and the pond was then quite free of ice. Its brackish nature was deter- mined simply by tasting the water. In the collections from the pond, excluding diatoms, there were 14 species of freshwater algae. The large lake, referred to in the previous paragraph, represents a former lagoon connected with Grantley harbour. Its surface and marginal waters were tested and found to be quite fresh, although its deeper parts were probably brackish. Marine diatoms were found in the deposits from the bottom of this lake. The brackish pond at Bernard harbour is situated out of reach of the sea at an elevation of about 10 feet and about 25 yards inland from high-tide marks on the beach, and on a gravel flat. The pond proper is represented by a deeper hole, which is 3 to 4 feet deep in the middle and rises rather abruptly to a broad belt of shallow marginal water not exceeding one foot in depth. The bottom of the hole contains mud which smells strongly of sulphuretted hydrogen. The bottom of the shallower margin is composed of light brown mud and stones with many green thread algae (Enteromorpha crinita and E. intestinalis). When the melting of the pond begins, water is formed on the surface and the shallow marginal water becomes ice-free, whilst the deeper part (over 1 foot) is solid ice (May 5, 1916). By the middle of June (1916) the pond was completely ice-free and had considerably increased its expanse owing to the inflow of fresh water produced from the snow which had melted on the tundra slopes behind. The pond still overflowed into a nearby bay of the sea by means of a small creek. Toward the second week of July (1915), owing to evaporation, the horizontal expanse of the pond had diminished, and all that remained of the overflow were a few sinall waterholes in the creek bed. A month later, this evaporation had progressed still further and the pond was practically limited to the deeper hole in the centre, the rest being flats and swamps with a Carex subspathacea vegetation. At the end of September (1915), the ice had become more than 1 foot thick. At this time, therefore, the marginal water was completely frozen. The temperature of the water beneath the ice was found to be 30-2° F. at 2 p.m. September 23, 1915 (atmospheric temperature 26-8° F.). It is an interesting fact that, in spite of the limited size of these two ponds (Teller, Alaska, and Bernard harbour) and of the great influx of melting fresh water in the early summer, the water in the ponds keeps distinctly brackish. Mr. Johansen gives the following reasons for this: (1) the ponds actually repre- sent bays of the sea, isolated by an elevation of the beach line in comparatively recent times, so that the surrounding soil is impregnated more or less with saline matter; and (2) in the spring a large volume of melting water spreads out over Freshwater Algae 5A the surface of the ponds and occupies the shallower parts of them, and it is this fresh water which evaporates in the summer, thus leaving the deeper and more concentrated saline layers as practically the only water to freeze at the close of the summer. Like all water areas in the north, the first free water on the ice in the spring owes its origin to melted snow from the surrounding slopes and not to the melting of the pond ice. The pond ice melts later under the combined Scale of feet on 540. 1090) Contour interval 20 feet Soundings in feet made by F Johansen, September (915 Fig. 1. Map of part of Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories, showing the big lake and its outlet to the sea. Survey by K. G. Chipman and J. R. Cox. action of the sun’s rays and the erosion of the overlying fresh water. In the brackish ponds under consideration there is little or no circulation of the water except during the influx of the freshly melted water from outside sources, but during May and early June, when this influx occurs, the deeper part which contains the more saline and heavier water is one mass of ice and its subsequent melting is a gradual process. By the time the conditions are favourable (no ice) for a thorough mixing of the water layers in the pond, there is no influx of freshly melted water and, therefore, no circulation in the pond. Consequently, the heavier and more saline layers continue to be the deeper layers during the summer, whilst the lighter and freshwater surface layers are subject to rapid evaporation. The fresh water having evaporated during the summer, the first ice formed at the beginning of the winter is brackish. The deeper and more saline water freezes only as the temperature lowers with the advance of winter, . The brackish ponds just described both have an algal flora which, excluding diatoms, is decidedly freshwater in character. The diatoms, which are plentiful, include both freshwater and marine forms. Certain species of Pediastrum and Cosmarium are very numerous in both ponds. These genera are typically fresh- water, marine or brackish forms being unknown. From the condition of the specimens examined, I have no hesitation in stating that most of them were in a healthy condition when collected. Only a few individuals from bottom deposits gave the impression that they must have been dead before they were preserved. Healthy specimens were collected from water which was distinctly brackish when tasted. The freshwater algae found in these ponds.are listed below: 6A Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1918-1918 List or FresHwATER ALGAE FOUND IN BRACKISH PONDS. Teller, Alaska. Bernard harbour, N.W.T. Chroococcus turgidus Eudorina elegans ° Pediastrum Boryanum Pediastrum Boryanum Pediastrum integrum Enteromorpha intestinalis Ulothrix variabilis Microspora sp? (fragments) Spirogyra inflata ? (no spores) Closterium striolatum Cosmarium granatum Cosmarium granatum Cosmarium punctulatum Cosmarium punctulatum Cosmarium humile var. striolatum ; Cosmarium radiosum (one only) Staurastrum punctulatum Oedogonium sp? (fragments) Oedogonium sp? (fragments) Bulbochaete sp? Ophiocytium majus In addition to these numerous diatoms were found including Epithemia turgida, E. gibba, E. Sorex, species of Cymbella, Eunotia, Navicula, etc. After a consideration of the local climatic and geographic factors, I think that the explanation of the presence of these distinctly freshwater plants in water which is brackish to the taste is that the ponds contain two distinct floras which flourish at different times during the short summer season—a freshwater flora of green algae and freshwater diatoms which flourish in the earlier part of the season, and a marine diatomaceous flora which flourishes in the latter part of the season. The freshwater flora becomes active with the advent of summer. The fresh water, melted on the slopes further inland, probably flowing through bogs or pools of fresh wat2r, would bring freshwater algae to the brackish ponds where the surface ice would be beginning to melt. The resting stages of algae, left near the margin of the pond by evaporation the previous year, would begin active life again as fast as the rising water covered them. These plants, and those brought in by the influx of fresh water, would flourish during the earlier part of the summer. By the middle of June, when all the ice of the pond had melted, a brackish or marine flora would become active and remain so until arrested by the approach of winter. The evaporation of the surface waters would leave many freshwater algae stranded, whilst others would cease activity under the influence of the slowly increasing salinity of the water. The stranded plants, in most instances, would assume or form some resting state which would enable them to survive the adverse conditions of winter and take up active life again the following year. Many of these typical freshwater forms must be subjected to some extent to brackish conditions and yet they survive. Probably many can exist in slightly brackish water, with a slightly retarded metabolism, as long as the ‘season lasts. As the salinity increases, some may be induced to develop spores and rest until the influx of fresh water the following summer. Judging by the number of individuals, I think that certain species, e.g., Pediastrum Boryanum and Cosmarium punctulatum, can adapt themselves to a nearly normal existence even in parts of these ponds where the water is distinctly brackish. Experi- mental observations under natural conditions would be of great value, if carried out; but, unfortunately, laboratories cannot be established readily in arctic swamps. Freshwater Algae 7A CALCAREOUS DEposITs FORMED BY ALGAE. Amongst the material collected were a number of pebbles from a warm creek, a tributary to the Sadlerochit river, northern Alaska. The water of this creek came from some warm (sulphur?) springs further inland. The samples collected were pebbles of various sizes with a greenish incrustation upon the exposed surfaces. An examination of the incrustation showed it to be a deposit of calcium carbonate in which were embedded some blue-green algae and diatoms. Calcareous and silicious sinters with algae embedded in them ar2 not uncommon in the waters of hot springs and geysers; and the embedded algae are almost exclusively members of the Myxophyceae. It is not surprising, therefore, that the blue-green algae were found upon the Alaska pebbles. Here Calothriz parietina was the prevailing species, but there were a few small colonies of a Gloeocapsa which could not be determined specifically, and a number of diatoms, mostly Epithemia turgida and E. gibba. There is no doubt that blue- green algae are responsible for the precipitation of the calcium carbonate which is retained in their gelatinous sheaths. However, to elucidate the precipitation a careful analysis of the water and of the deposit, as well as culture experiments made upon the algae under different conditions, would be needed. The collections of freshwater algae made by the Canadian Arctic expedition add considerably to our knowledge of the distribution of species. There are a number of records new to this continent or to arctic regions. Some species recorded here, such as Hyalotheca mucosa, are well known in the warmer temperate and subtropical regions, yet, as these new observations show, they are able to thrive in some localities within the arctic circle. Cosmarium Cucurbita var. attenuatum hitherto has been recorded only from England, Germany, and the West Indies, and Cosmarium subexcavatum var. ordinatum only from Switzerland and England, yet these and some others with very limited distribution elsewhere have been found in the collections I have examined. A number of species, including many species of Micrasterias, known from Alaska and Greenland, were not present in the material submitted to me. This seems remarkable. However, up to the present time very little attention has been paid to the freshwater algae of the Dominion either in arctic regions or in more temperate parts. Further work may show that many species, rare or apparently absent in our flora, are more generally distributed than hitherto supposed. The following is a list of all species of Myxophyceae and Chlorophyceae found by the expedition. Accompanying this list are six columns which indicate the distribution of these algae as known from records made in Alaska, arctic Canada visited by the expedition, Greenland, the Faeroe islands, the United States of America exclusive of Alaska, and Canada exclusive of the arctic. The column for Canada exclusive of the arctic contains many new records made by myself. These I hope to discuss in another communication. The following symbols are employed: : new record. : previously recorded. not recorded. an original record for Canada exclusive of the arctic not hitherto published. identical in form with original type. : a variety of the species. : a form of the species. %v: a variety of the species hitherto not recorded for Canada. ae st oe Me Sot Sa Canadian Arctic Expedition, 19138-1918 Alaska. Arctic Canada visited by the expe- dition. Green- land. Faeroes. United States exclusive of Alaska. Canada exclusive of the arctic. MYXOPHYCEAE. Coecogoneae. Chroococeus limneticus...........6.000005 ee macrococcus..... a3 PONS wemawad vox s On545 WRI 8% lUPGIAUS ses 2 ss a sods eed F 5 Gloeocapsa magma...........0..0-0000-- ef rupestris...... Aphanocapsa elachista........ Aphanothece sazicolor......... Microcystis aeruginosa........... Gomphosphaeria aponina......... Af Coelosphaerium Kiitzingianum........... Merismopedia glauca..........-+-+..0005- ee tenuissima.......... 60.06. “ “ Hormogoneae. Oscillatoria tenuis...............000205- Nostoc commMmune....... 0.0 c cece eee “ sphaericum,... Anaboeno cotenula “ Hapalosiphon fontinalis..............6... Stigonema informe.........0..0.00ee eens s CDF os soe dey ces 6 Kes BRO BOC CU ise sea cead 6 swmaaiend Calothriz parietina..........600 0. cee eee Rivularia borealis..........0.0 000 cee “ CHLOROPHYCEAE. Gonium pectorale...........0200eee eee HUdOPING COQGNE oc cscs $y 05 oa 2 oes Volvox aureus....... 0000 cence Gloeocystis infusionum. .........00200-6. Oocystis solitaria..... 0.0.0.6... cece eee es Nephrocytium obesum...........0.0600. Tetraédron enorme... ......00 eee v eee Scenedesmus denticulatus..............-. “ce “ Crucigenia rectangularis............0.06.. Coelastrum microporum...........62.05- * reticulatum.........0..0000: Pediastrum Boryanum,..............0.4.. se “« var. granulatum... glanduliferum........0..005. ANLOQTUIMN ici s wivcie aietne Leaps 4 Detnas sietes sctare tals sid de a'stas < Vaucheria terrestris........ 0.0600 e eee Cladophora fracta.......6.0. 0c cece ceca Rhizoclonium heroglyphicum............. ne ee var. lortuosum. Enteromorpha crinila...... 6... cece eee “ “ Liki lt i bet) et +++ i e+ttt+i+tti+ is ole oe oie oi | | +HIF EI EI 4 FEEEEEEE ttt bette l+t+++444 PEE Ett t ttt | + | I+++141 Ped bt | | +4 1 leah | I++t4+11 ae Ms | I++. +4 b+i+i+01++ +++ 1141 I+ PEt I +) ltt i tttee rere rss Dette tte t ++i +++4+4+4+444+44 +I+H44 1) 1 tt4+44+4t4+4 14141444 tot lal ae ltt 1 || ae 1 ae | ae 4b ae | oF | Freshwater Algae 94 Arctic United | Canada Canada States | exclusive Alaska. | visited | Green- | Faeroes. | exclusive of by the land. of the expe- Alaska. | arctic. dition. CHLOROPH YCEAE—Continued. Enteromor pha intestinalis................ + + + = ae a Prasicta crispa....... 66. ccc cece eee es + + + + a = Schizogonium murale............00.00055 + + - pes ae = Ulothria tenerrima........ 0.000. .ce eee + + - = oh = 8 @OTADIUG o.oo ik ii ue Raa Ee + + + = a us Microspora stagnorum........0.. 06.0 eee + + + + us = Draparnaldia glomerate..............064. - + os 4 af as Zygnema sellinum.......6. 666. eee : - + + + he = Spirogyra inflaia...... sips acnebioas eomanittoblen + + _ + + = s INBIGNIS Ycancsusieg vadamnaiiaiste ss - + - = ae = Cylindrocystis crassa..........6.. 0060050. + + _ = pe = Penium cruciferum....0.0 0.0.0 cece cee + - _ set he m “ margaritaceum........66.. 002.5 + - + + ie nes “ spircstriolatum.........6 66.05 ee = + = = aii ey Closterium Cornu.......00 0000 c ccc eee + + - f + - = DIANE iscsi veseirswsiewans + + + + 4. = didymoctocum.......-.....4+. - - - + + = ee var. striatum = + = = ae cx ss MORRO sien erase Part A: THE GEOLOGY OF THE ARCTIC COAST OF CANADA, WEST OF TOE KENT - PENINSULA. By.J.:3.:0 Neill ascisccunts son maie cao cieeas aelemares sterner s (Ready for press) . Part B: MAPS AND CROGRAPHICAL. NOTES. By Kenneth G. + Chipman and John R. Cox. r nites n BERD EINE) 5 Gare i i ay Ya VOLUME XII: THE COPPER ESKIMOS ge if : Part A: THE LIFE OF THE COPPER ESKIMOS. By_.D. Jenness... -Clesued: pena ids ee ‘ Part B:-THE- PHYSICAL SHARACTERISIICS, OFr THE, - WESTERN AND PPE ESKIMOS. ‘By D. Jenness.......... 0c. e ee cece cee nce Coe cagectereccusecesecens ee onan Part C: THE OSTEOLOGY OF THE ‘WESTERN AND CANTHAL ESKIMOS ' ‘ By John Cameron...... os sanearcr toi dna fedah'chate reviveyaiatarayanvealC Ws faueke Tateta gusnedstaraataseyae alates stats (In press). “VOLUME XI: TECHNOLOGY OF THE COPPER ESKIMOS Part A: TECHNOLOGY OF THE COPPER ESKIMOS.........6- deeeeeedoonsee(To be. prepared). VOLUME XIV: ESKIMO FOLK-LORE- AND LANGUAGE Part A: ESKIMO MYTHS AND. TRADITIONS, FROM ALASKA, THE pmeway eo DELTA, ie -_ AND CORONATION GULF. By D. Jenness..... sees eecccetesnecnes eady for press). Part B: COMPARATIVE GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY OF THE HSKIMO. DIALECTS: : _OF POINT BARROW, THE MACKENZIE BELTS, AND CORONATION GULF. By DD Jenneasisccscasacesacenterereciaewe wieereneee ie nears ea ean aeeea tee (In sited VOLUME XV: ESKIMO STRING FIGURES AND SONGS ; : Part A: STRING EIGURES OF THE ESKIMOS. By D. Jenness........06++ .. (Ready for press). Part B: SONG F THE COPPER_ESKIMOS, . oe : By Selon H, Roberts and D. Jenness.. 2 sate Basin SOS awe sees a acres up preparation). VOLUME XVI: ARCHAEOLOGY — CONTRIBUTIONS ‘TO THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF BESTEED ARCTIC AMERICA. aa deenenen alee i ioielbio exeininle leeieisiele pigielelewie:viote Siaivlateteteienteten'a edoveaneravecsenerces (To be Breparen),