“CANA o ARCTIC EXPEDITION

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: OTTAWA ae
By : J. de LABROQUERIE TACHE - ¢
iS eer TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY

ee 1919
: ‘ a ; Issued September 24, 1919
HS : tS

sti i

REPORT

OF THE

CANADIAN ARCTIC EXPEDITION
1913-18

VOLUME VIII: MOLLUSKS, ECHINODERMS,
COELENTERATES, ETC.

PART A:

Mollusks, Recent and Pleistocene ; , William Healey Dall

Southern Party, 1913-16

OTTAWA

J. de LABROQUERIE TACHE
PRINTER TO THE KING’S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY
1919
Issued September 24, 1919
45508—1

Cornell University

Library

The original of this book is in
the Cornell University Library.

There are no known copyright restrictions in
the United States on the use of the text.

http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924080071669

The Mollusca of the Arctic Coast of America collected by
the Canadian Arctic Expedition west. from Bathurst
Inlet with an Appended Report on a Collection
of Pleistocene Fossil Mollusca.

By Wiut1am Heatzy Dat, A.M., D.Sc., LL.D.
Honorary Curator of Mollusks, U. S. Nat. Museum.

(With three plates.)

The collection of Mollusca in the region indicated by the title of this report
is of special interest; since the only collections hitherto made between the
Mackenzie delta and the archipelago to the eastward were due to R. Macfarlane
of the Hudson’s Bay Company, factor of the most northern post of the company,
and who, about 1863, made a journey from the head. of the delta to the sea and
collected Chrysodomus heros, Astarte borealis, and very thin valves of Mytilus
edulis, in considerable numbers. The fauna to the eastward of the delta has
remained entirely unknown. The great outpour of fresh water from the
Mackenzie might reasonably have proved a barrier which the characteristic
species of the western Arctic ocean might not have been able to pass, and there
was, therefore, a possibility that the eastward fauna would show a considerable
infusion of Greenlandic forms.

It may be observed here that the Bering Strait region and the Polar sea
north of it have a fauna which, when the truly circumpolar species are eliminated,
is markedly distinct from that of the Greenlandic and boreal Atlantic seas.
During the Pliocene the Arctic land was lower, and there was more easy commu-
nication between.the two areas, as is made evident by the discovery in each
Pliocene fauna of species now extinct there, but which have survived in the other
area. It is convenient, therefore, to refer to the respective faunas of the two
areas by the denomination Western or Eastern Arctic fauna.’

The result of the study of the collection was somewhat unexpected, since
it proved that out of all the species collected east of cape Bathurst only five can

e considered at present as characteristically Eastern Arctic, namely :-—

Arca glacialis Gray.
Lamellidoris cf. iturata Beck.
Philine finmarchica M. Sars.
_Lamellaria grénlandica Moller.
Littorina grénlandica Mérch.

The fresh-water and land species are, with the exception of the Physa,
common to most of boreal America and have an entirely different distribution '
from the marine forms. They include:—

Succinea chrysis Westerlund. |
Agriolimax hyperboreus Westerlund.
Physa jennesst, n. sp.
Aplexa hypnorum Linné.
Lymnaea palustris vahli Beck.
Lymnaea stagnalis appressa Say.
Valvata lewisii Currier.

_ Pisidium rotundatum Prime.

45508—13

4a, Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18
‘4 1 iy :

The'northern Lymnaeas are extremely puzzling. I have had a large number,
including a series named by Mérch from Beck’s types in Copenhagen, with
which to make comparisons and I cannot detect from the shells any specific
differences between the form we have called caperata Say, and the numerous
variations of the Greenland type which have passed under the name of vahli
Beck. I am disposed to regard all of them as boreal mutations of L. palustris
Miller. |

The Physa is of unusual interest as the most northern species of the genus,
and the only one so far reported from the Arctic coast as properly restricted.

A small collection was made at Orca, in Prince William sound, containing
nine species which should be left out of consideration in discussing the Arctic
fauna. These, while incorporated in the general list, have not been included
in the present review of the Arctic species.

SuMMARY oF MARINE SFECIES.

Arctic species from the western Arctic area west of the Mackenzie River delta.......... 72
Arctic species from east of the delta.......... 000.00. cece cece es tuatosarha neelieu 58

DO tal ais atari sr damennd ee MOT eee eee eee WOO,
Species common to the two areas......... 0... ee eet eas 30
Actush number OfSpeciesicncies ie dgnmetws hws aalie ax Sebidy wen die yew gem oe Eee wR yea 100
IN@W Marine SpOCleS! i's. ay/ae xe bisticays else wey oh POOERE RENN Aa ey oes Bl wins BAe eds 6

The new marine species from east of the Mackenzie delta are:—

Pseudamusium andersoni (Pl. 11, figs. 7 and’8).
Macoma oneillt (Pl. II, fig. 1).

Those from west of the delta:—

Leda (Portlandia) collinsoni (Pl. II, figs. 3 and 4).
Plicifusus johanseni (Pl. ITI, fig. 1).

Volutopsius stefanssoni (Pl. I, fig. 1).

Margarites ecarinatus (P1. II, figs. 5 and 6).

New fresh-water species —
Physa jennessi (Pl. II, fig. 1).

It will be noted that only five per cent of the marine species are character-
istically Eastern Atlantic forms, and with more thorough exploration of the
‘Western Atlantic fauna several of these may prove to be circumpolar species.

Of the forty-two western area species and the twenty-eight eastern area
species which were not collected in both areas by the expedition, none are known
that are not found in some part of the western area. The fact that they were
not collected there by this expedition is purely accidental.

When we examine a map and observe the vast gulf of the Polar sea heading
to the southeast in the passages eastward from cape Bathurst; and on the other
hand observe the narrow, tortuous, and ice-blocked passages which communicate -
with the Greenland seas, it requires no further evidence to explain the failure of
the Eastern Arctic fauna to penetrate westward, or the success of the Western
Arctic species in colonizing the ground they occupy.

_ _ Those who understand the difficulties which hamper the work of a collector
in these icy seas will feel appropriately grateful to Mr. Johansen and his associates
for these important contributions to our knowledge of the distribution of marine
life in a region so inaccessible to the ordinary collector.

Mollusks |. ; 5A

The portions of the Arctic region which may be reached with relative ease.
have been so thoroughly explored for mollusks that little hope is justified for-
the ‘discovery of undescribed species. It is therefore gratifying that the work.
of the members of the expedition has been what is really unexpectedly successful
in this line.

I have to thank the authorities in Canada, for the care they have taken
to do everything that might lighten my labour in preparing this report, and
the Direction of the United States National Museum for the free use of. all
their facilities during its preparation. For the accuracy of the station numbers;
Mr. Johansen is solely responsible.

-List oF SPECIES COLLECTED WEsT OF THE DELTA OF THE MACKENZIE
RIVER.

‘ ‘Nucila tenuis Montagu, 23}.
Leda (Portlandia) arctica Gray, 23, 27s.
Leda minuta Fabricius, 23.
~ Leda pernula, 23.
Leda radiata, Krause, 23.
Leda intermedia Sars, 20b-c, 20d.
Leda collinsoni Dall, 27s.
Yoldia myalis Couthouy, 23.
Yoldia limatula Say, 23 (+ hyperborea Lovén.)
Mytilus edulis Linné, 20b-c; 20d, 24, 60a, 20g.
Musculus levigatus Gray, 27s, 281, 24, 23.
Musculus niger Gray, 24. <
Crenella aff. rotundata Dall, 27s.
Pandora sp., 27s. =
Lyonsia arenosa Moller, 27s, 24.
Astarte borealis Schumacher, 23, 24, 26, 27s, 281, 28t, 54e.
Astarte polaris Dall, 54e.
Astarte alaskensis Dall, 54e.
Cardium californiense Deshayes, 20b-c; 20d, 20g.
Cardium corbis Martyn, 60a.
Cardium ciliatum Fabricius, 23.
Serripes grénlandicus Gmelin, 20d, 23, 24.
Serripes laperousei Deshayes, 22.
Saxidomus giganteus Deshayes, 60a.
Protothaca staminea Conrad, 60a.
Liocyma beckti Dall, 23, 24, 27s.
Tellina (Peronidia) lutea Gray, 20d, 209.
Macoma calcarea Gmelin, 23, 24.
Macoma incongrua Martens, 20d, 60a.
Macoma inquinata Deshayes, 60a.
Macoma moesta Deshayes, 24.
Macoma balthica Linné, 54e, 20d.
Macoma inconspicua Broderip & Sowerby, 20b-c, 20d, 20g, 24-
Spisula polynyma Stm. var. alaskana Dall, 20g, 20m.
Mya truncata Linné, 23, 24.
Mya intermedia Dall, 20d, 24.
Sazicava arctica Linné, 20d, 23, 24, 60a.
Cyrtodaria kurriana Dunker, 20d, 26, 27s, 54e.
Zirfea gabbi Tryon, 24.
Coryphella cf. salmonacea Couthouy, 20g.

‘’'The numbers refer to the number of the Collecting Station. See page 7A, et seq.

6a

Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18

Philine cf. sinwata Stimpson, 209.

Cylichna nucleola Reeve, 20b-c.

Utriculus semen Reeve, 27s, 20b-c.

Agriolimax hyperboreus Westerlund. Nome, Camden bay.

Succinea chrysis Westerlund, tundra at Nome.

Lymnea caperata Say; 28% (this probably = vahli Beck.) _

Lymnea stagnalis Linné, var. appressa Say. Mackenzie river delta.

Aplexa hypnorwm Linné. Camden bay; Demarcation point; pond on-
Herschel island; pond at Collinson point; brackish pond near

_ Teller, Grantley harbour; port’ Clarence, Alaska.

Lora trevelliana Turton, 27s.

Admete middendorffiana Dall, 20d.

Admete elongata Leche, 23.

Beringius sp. egg-capsules, 20m.

Chrysodomus sp. egg-capsules, 20m.

Chrysodomus liratus Martyn, 20b-c, 20m; 28.

Chrysodomus solutus Herrman, 20d; 20g; 20m; 24.

Chrysodomus saturus Martyn, 20g; 24.

Plicifusus johansent Dall, 24.

Plicifusus kroyert Moller, 23.

Volutopsius stefanssoni Dall, 24.

Buccinum sp. egg capsules, 20m, 24.

Buccinum tenue Gray, 22; 23.

Buccinum orotundum Dall, 22.

Buccinum normale Dall, 24.

Buccinum angulosum subcostatum Dall, 24.

Buccinum angulosum Gray, 24.

Buccinum plectrum Stimpson, 24.

Buccinum polare Gray, 24.

Buccinum cyaneum Hancock, 24, 22.

Buccinum glaciale Phipps, 24.

Thais lamellosa Gmelin, 60a.

Neptunea beringi Dall, 23.

Fusttriton oregonense Redfield, 30d (adventitious).

Boreoscala greenlandica Perry, 23.

Tachyrhynchus erosus Couthouy, 54e.

Lacuna divaricata Fabricius, 20b-c, 20g, 20h.

Inttorina grandis Middendorff, 20d, 20g.

Littorina sitkana Philippi, 60a.

Piliscus commodus Middendorff, 23; 24.

N sa (Cryptonatica) clausa Broderip & Sowerby, 20b-c; 20d; 20g; 24;

é. k

Euspira pallida Broderip & Sowerby, 23; 24; 281.

Amauropsis purpurea Dall, 20b-c; 20d; 24, 281; 31a; 32b.

Velutina zonata Gould, 24.

“Velutina”’ spongiophila Middendorff, 24. (Hydroid).

Acmea scutum var. patina Eschscholtz, 60a.

Acmea pelta Eschscholtz, 60a.

Acmea emydia Dall, 22.

Margarites sordidus Hancock, 22; 23.

Margarites ecarinatus Dall, 22.

Macheroplax varicosus Mighels, 23.

Amicula vestita Sowerby, 22.

,
Motlusks

7A

*
Spgecigs OBTAINED AT EACH Station West oF THE MackENzIE RIVER.

STATION 20b—c.

~

Grantley harbour, port Clarence, in 2-3 fathoms muddy

: Teller, Alaska.

Leda intermedia Sars.

Mytilus edulis L.

Macoma inconspicua Brod. & Sby.
Cardium californiense Deshayes.
Cylichna nucleola Reeve.
Utriculus semen Reeve.
Chrysodomus liratus Martyn (young).
Lacuna divaricata Fabr.

Natica clausa Brod. & Sby.
Amauropsis purpurea Dall.
Gastropod eggs.

STATION 20d.

Grantley harbour, port Clarence, near Teller, Alaska.

' Leda intermedia Sars.
Mytilus edulis L.
Tellina (Peronidia) lutea Gray.
Macoma inconspicua Brod. & Sby.
Macoma incongrua von Martens.
Macoma balthica L. (young). |
Cardium californiense Deshayes.
Serripes grénlandicus Gmelin.
Sazicava arctica L.
Mya intermedia Dall.
Cyrtodaria kurriana Dunker.
Admete middendorffiana Dall.
Chrysodomus solutus Herrman (fragm.).
Littorina grandis Midd.
Natica clawsa Brod. & Sby.
‘Amauropsis purpurea Dall.

STATION 20g.-

bottom, near

Beach.

Port Clarence, Bering strait, Alaska, 2-3 fathoms, sandy mud.

Mytilus edulis L., also young, on floating kelp, sta 20h.

Tellina (Peronidia) lutea Gray.

Macoma inconspicua Brod. & Sby.

Cardium californiense Deshayes.

Spisula polynyma (Stm.) var. alaskana Dall.

Coryphella' cf. salmonacea Couthouy; and ovicapsules.

.Philine cf. sinuata Stm.
Littorina grandis Midd.
Chrysodomus solutus Herrman
Chrysodomus saturus Martyn.

Lacuna divaricata Fabr. (Young); also on floating kelp, 20h.

Natica clausa Brod. & Sby., and nidamental capsules.

JGreyish brown in colour, the gill filaments white-tipped.

Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18
STATION 20m.
i
Beach at port Clarence, Alaska.

Spisula polynyma (Stm.) var. alaskana Dall.
Chrysodomus solutus Herrman (fragm.).
Chrysodomus liratus Martyn.

Chrysodomus sp. (egg capsules).

Buccinum sp. (egg capsules).

STATION 22,

Latitude 69° 35’ N., longitude 163° 27’ W., 11-12 fathoms, rock and s nd
bottom, off cape Lisburne, Alaska.

Serripes laperousei Deshayes.

Buccinum tenue Gray.

Buccinum orotundum Dall (Young).
Margarites (Pupillaria) sordidus Hancock.
Margarites (Pupillaria) ecarinatus Dall.
Acmea emydia Dall.

Amicula vestita Sowerby.

STATION 23.

Latitude 70° 24’ N., longitude 161° 25’ W., off Sea Horse islands, Alaska,
9-10 fathoms, mud with pebbles.

Leda minuta Fabr.

Leda pernula Moller.

Leda radiata Krause.

Leda arctica Gray.

Nucula tenuis Mont.

Yoldia myalis Couth.

Yoldia limatula Say.
Musculus laevigatus Gray.
Macoma calcarea Gmelin.
Serripes grénlandicus Gmelin.
Cardium ciliatum Fabr.
Astarte borealis Schum.
Liocyma beckit Dall.
Saxicava arctica L.

Mya truncata L. (young).
Admete elongata Leche.
Chrysodomus liratus-Martyn.
Plicifusus kroyert Moller.
Buccinum tenue Gray.
Neptunea beringi Dall.
Euspira pallida Brod. & Sby.
Euspira sp., (ovicapsules).
Piliscus commodus (Midd.)
Margarites (Pupillaria) sordidus Hancock.
Macheroplaz varicosus Mighels.

Mollusks
STATION 24. )

Sandspit at point Barrow, Alaskan Arctic coast.

Mytilus edulis L.

Musculus niger Gray.
Musculus laevigatus Gray.
Serripes grénlandicus Gmel.
Astarte borealis Schum.
Macoma calcarea Gmelin.
Liocyma beckti Dall.
Saxicava arctica L.
Mya truncata L.
Mya truncata var. uddevallensis Forbes.
Mya intermedia Dall.
Zirfea gabbi Tryon.
Chrysodomus solutus Herrman.
Chrysodomus saturus Martyn.
Plicifusus johanseni Dall.
Volutopsius stefanssoni Dall.
Buccinum normale Dall. ~
Buccinum angulosum (Gray) subcostatum Dall.
Buccinum angulosum Gray (s. s.).
Buccinum plectrum Stm.
Buccinum polare Gray.
Buccinum cyaneum Hancock.
Buccinum glaciale Phipps.
Boreoscala greenlandica (Perry).
Velutina zonata Gould.
“Velutina”’ spongiophila Midd. (Hydroid).
Piliscus-commodus Midd.
Natica clausa Brod. & Sby.
Euspira pallida Brod. & Sby.
Amauropsis purpurea Dall.
Buccinum, Chrysodomus, etc., (ovicapsules).

STATION 26.

“Spy island, Alaskan Arctic Coast, beach.

Astarte borealis Schum.
Cyrtodaria kurriana Dunker.

STATION 282.

.

Hot Spring creek, Sadlerochit river, inland from Camden bay, Alaskan Arctic

coast.

Lymnea caperata Say, dwarfed.
45508—2

104 Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18

STATION 27s.

Off Collinson point, Alaskan Arctic coast, 3 fathoms, mud and gravel.

Leda arctica Gray.

Leda collinsoni Dall.
Musculus laevigatus Gray.
Crenella aff. rotundata Dall.
Astarte borealis Schum. (fragm.).
Liocyma beckit Dall.
Pandora sp. (fragm.).
Macoma sp. (fragm.).
Macoma sp. (fry).

Mya sp. (fry).

Cyrtodaria kurriana Dkr.
Lyonsia arenosa Moller.
Lora trevelliana Turton, var.
Utriculus semen Reeve.
Euspira sp., (ovicapsules).
Gastropod eggs.

STATION 281.

Beach at Collinson point, Alaskan Arctic coast.

Musculus levigatus Gray.
Astarte borealis Schum.
Euspira pallida Brod. & Sby.
Amauropsis purpurea Dall.

STATION 28¢.
Beach at Flaxman island, Alaskan Arctic ¢oast.

Astarte borealis Schum.
STATION 30d.
Beach at Demarcation point, Alaskan Arctic coast.
Fusttriton oregonense Redfield (adventitious).
STATION 3la.
Beach at Camden bay, Alaskan Arctic coast.
Amauropsis purpurea Dall.
STATION 32b.

Sandspit west of Martin Point, Alaskan Arctic coast.

Amauropsis purpurea Dall.

Mollusks phe Lia

STATION 54e. ;
Beach at Pauline cove, Herschel island, Arctic coast, Yukon Territory, Canada.

Macoma balthica L.

’ _ Astarte borealis Schum.

' Astarte polaris Dall.

Astarte alaskensis Dall.
Cyrtodaria kurriana Dkr.
Saxicava arctica: Linné.
Tachyrhynchus erosus Couthouy.
Natica clausa Brod. & Sby. (fragm.).

STATION 60a.

Beach at Orca, Prince William sound, Alaska.

Mytilus edulis L.

Macoma incongrua v. Marts.

Macoma inquinata Desh.

Cardium corbis Martyn.

Saxidomus giganteus Desh.

Protothaca staminea Conrad.
‘ Saxicava arctica L.

Thais lamellosa Gmelin. :

Littorina sitkana Philippi.

Acmeea scutum Esch., var. patina Esch.

Acmea pelta Esch.

Lake at Konganevik, Camden bay, Alaskan Arctic coast.

Aplexa hypnorum L. ;

Agriolimaz hyperboreus Westerlund.

Lake at Demarcation point, Alaskan Arctic coast.

-Aplexa hypnorum L.

Pond on Herschel island, Arctic coast, Yukon Territory.

Aplexa hypnorum L.

Pond at Collinson point, Alaskan Arctic coast.

Aplexa hypnorum L.

Brackish pond near Teller, Grantley harbour, Alaska.
: Aplexa hypnorum L.

Iglukitaktok, Mackenzie river delta.

Limnea stagnalis L. var. appressa Say.

Tundra, at Nome, Norton sound, Alaska.
Succinea chrysis Westerlund.
Agriolimax hyperboreus Westerlund.
Grantley harbour, Alaska; (stomach of Pleuronectes).

Fragments-of Yoldia, Serripes, Leda, and other thin bivalves.
45508—24

2a

Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18

List or Species coLtLecrep East oF THE DELTA oF THE MACKENZIE RIVER

av Cape BATHURST AND EASTWARD.

Leda (Portlandia) arctica Gray, 43b.

Leda pernula Miller, 43a, 43b.

Arca glacialis Gray, 43a, 430.

Pseudamusium andersoni Dall, 43a.

Mytilus edulis Linné, 371, p. 38, 44h, 47a, 47b, 47c, 50f.

Musculus levigatus Gray, 35, 37a, 37b, 41, 41c, 43a, 43b, 43c, 47c.

Musculus niger Gray, 372, p. 41c, 49r.

Musculus corrugatus Stimpson, 41c, 43a.

Musculus temneraaes Edenton, 43a.

Lyonsia arenosa Moller, 436.

Aone borealis, Schumacher, 35, 377, p. 41c, 43c, 47b, 47c, 50f, 53¢.

Astarte vernicosa Dall, 48c, 41c. ‘

Astarte fabula Reeve.

Cardium ciliatum Fabricius, 371, p, f, 43c. _

Serripes grénlandicus Gmelin, 35, 37%, p, 41, 41¢, 47¢, 49r, 53c.

Pisidium rotundatum Prime, Freshwater ponds near Bernard harbour;
also in stomachs of eider duck and trout.

Liocyma beckit Dall, 371, p.

Ltocyma viridis Dall, 41c, 438c.

Thyasira flecuosa Forbes and Hanley, 43a.

Macoma calcarea Gmelin, 35, 43, 53c.

Macoma oneilli Dall, 48a, 43b.

Mya truncata Linné, 371, p, 41c, 48c, 47c.

Mya intermedia Dall, 48a.

Saxicava arctica Linné, 35, 37a, 387i, p, 48c, 44h, 50a.

Sazicava pholadis Linné, 37%, 40a.

Cyrtodaria kurriana Dunker, 35, 37b, 372.

Lamellidoris of. liturata Beck, 43b.

Philine finmarchica M. Sars, 41, 43a.

Utriculus semen Reeve, 42u, 41u, (fragm.), 48a.

Cylichna alba Brown, 41c, 42d.

‘Cylichna nucleola Reeve, 40u, 42d (fragm.), 41.

Aplexa hypnorum Linné. Generally, in fresh water.

Physa jennessi Dall. Ponds east of Bernard harbour.

Agriolimax hyperboreus Westerlund, Bernard harbour.

Lymnea palustris variety vahli Beck, Victoria island and Bernard
harbour.

Lora exarata Moller, 41c.

Dora beckii Moller, 41c.

Admete couthouyi Jay, 43a.

‘Chrysodomus solutus Herrman, 377, p, 47c.

Plicifusus kroyert Moller, 377.

Pyrulofusus deformis Gray, 39.

Volutopsius sp. (fragments), 377, 40a.

Beringius sp. (ovicapsule), 377, 40a.

Ancistrolepis magnus Dall, 371, 40a.

Buccinum angulosum Gray, 371, 41, 43c.

Buccinum normale Dall, 41.

Buccinum plectrum Stimpson, 371.

Buccinum polare Gray, 371, 43c.

Buccinum ciliatum Fabricius, 371, 40a.

Buccinum cyaneum Bruguiére, 377, 41, 41h, 43c, 49r.

Tachyrhynchus erosus Couthouy, 43a, 43b, 48c.

Neptunea clathrata L., 43c.

: Mollusks oe ‘Ne tha

Thy
Peele borealis Broderip and Sowerby, 371, 40a, 41, 41c, 48a, 43b,
C.
Lamellaria grénlandica Moller, 41f (young).
Euspira pallida Broderip and Sowerby, 48b, 377.
Amauropsis purpurea Dall, 377, 41h.
Inttorina rudis variety grénlandica Morch, 44h.
Valvata lewisit Currier, Bernard harbour and Victoria island.
Acmaea emydia Dall, 377, 37y, 41c, 48c, 499.
; Margarites sordidus Hancock, 41, 41c, 42u, 43a.
‘Margarites umbilicalis Broderip and Sowerby, 41, 438c.
Margarites helicinus Fabricius, 37b, 37a, 40a, 41.
Margarites albulus Gould, 48a. 7
Margarites harrisont Hancock, 48a, 49g.
Trachydermon albus Linné, 43c.
Tonicella marmorea Fabricius, 43c.

SPECIES COLLECTED AT Eacu Sration East or THE MacKenzie Dewra.
.STATION 35.
Beach at cape Bathurst, Northwest Territories.

Serripes grénlandicus Gmelin.
Astarte borealis Schumacher.
Musculus laevigatus Gray:
Macoma calcarea Gmelin.
Cyrtodaria kurriana Dunker.
Saxicava arctica Linné.

STATION 37.

a. Stomach of Erignathus barbatus, Bernard harbour, Dolphin and Union strait.

Margarites helicinus Fabricius.
Egg capules of unknown gastropods.
Musculus levigatus Gray.

' Saxicava arctica Linné.

b. Two to three fathoms, sandy mud, inner Bernard harbour-

Margarites helicinus Fabricius.
Eggs of nudibranch; loose opercula.
Musculus levigatus Gray.
Cyrtodaria kurriana Dunker.

e. o. As b and stomach of Erignathus barbatus, Bernard harbour.

Molluscan egg capsules.

i. p. At and around Bernard harbour.

Mytilus edulis L.

Musculus niger Gray.
Musculus levigatus Gray.
Astarte borealis Schumacher.
Cardium ciliatum Fabricius.
Serripes grénlandicus Gmelin.
Liocyma beckit Dall.

Mya truncata Linné.
Sazicava arctica Linné.

~

Ma Ve! Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18

Saxicava pholadis Linné.
Chrysodomus solutus Herrman.
Chrysodomus sp. (ovicapsules).
Plicifusus kroyeri Moller.
Volutopsius sp. (fragments).
Beringius sp., (ovicapsules).
Ancistrolepts magnus Dall.
Buccinum angulosum Gray.
Buccinum normale Dall.
Buccinum plectrum Stimpson.
Buccinum polare Gray.
Buccinum cyaneum Bruguire.
Buccinum ciliatum Fabricius.
Trichotropis borealis Broderip and Sowerby.
Amauropsis purpurea Dall.
Acmea emydia Dall.

y. Beach on Chantry island, Dolphin and Union strait.
Acmea emydia Dall.
STATION 38.
Coronation gulf, beach of Couper island.

Mytilus edulis Linné.
STATION 39.

Beach at Inman river delta, Dolphin and Union strait, Northwest _;Territories.
Pyrulofusus deformis Gray.

STATION 40.
a. Beach at and around Bernard harbour.

(Specimens listed under Station 377, -:p.)

u. Stomach of Hrignathus barbatus, Bernard harbour.

Cylichna sp. (fragment).
Opercula of Buccinum sp. indet.
Margarites sp. (fragment).

STATION 41.
Bernard harbour, 5 fathoms, sandy mud (outer harbour).

Musculus levigatus Gray.

Serripes grénlandicus Gmelin.

Eggs of nudibranchs and indeterminate mollusks.
Philine finmarchica M. Sars.

Utriculus semen Reeve.

Cylichna nucleola Reeve.

Buccinum cyaneum Bruguiére (young shells).
Buccinum angulosum Gray.
.Buccinum normale Dall.

Trichotropis borealis Broderip and Sowerby.
Margarites helicinus Fabricius.

Margarites umbilicalis Broderip and Sowerby.
Margarites sordidus Hancock.

Mollusks 154

Bernard harbour (outer harbour), 5 fathoms, muddy bottom.

Musculus levigatus Gray.
Musculus niger Gray.
Musculus corrugatus Stimpson.
Astarte borealis Schumacher.
Serripes grénlandicus Gmelin.
Inocyma viridis Dall.

Mya truncata Linné.
Nudibranch eggs.

Cylichna alba Brown.

Lora exarata Moller.

Lora beckii Moller.

Buccinum sp. (very young).
Trichotropis borealis Broderip and Sowerby.
Margarites sordidus Hancock.
Acmea emydia Dall (young).

f. Bernard harbour, in about 3 fathoms, mud.

Musculus levigatus Gray (young).
Eggs of nudibranch.

Lamellaria grénlandica Moller (young).
Acmeea emydia Dall. :

h. Beach, Bernard harbour.

Buccinum cyaneum Bruguiére.
Amauropsis purpurea Dall.

STATION 42,

d. Stomach of Cottus scorpius, Bernard harbour.

Cylichna sp. (fragm.).

e.-u. Stomach of Frignathus barbatus, Bernard harbour.

Ovicapsules of Buccinum sp.

Loose opercula of Bucctnum xp.

Utriculus sp. (fragments).

Buccinum opercula (loose).

Margarites sordidus Hancock (fragments).

n. Specimens listed under Station 377, p.

STATION 43.

at. Dolphin and Union strait, in-about 50 fathoms, grey mud and stones (off
Cockburn point).

Leda pernula Miller.

Arca glacialis Gray.

Pseudamusium andersont Dall.

Musculus levigatus Gray.

Musculus vernicosus Midd. (young).
Musculus corrugatus Stimpson.

Thyasira flexuosa Forbes & Hanley (young).

‘164 Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18
Macoma oneilli Dall.

Mya intermedia Dall.

Sazicava arctica Linné.

Philine finmarchica M. Sars.

Admete couthouyi Jay. '
Trichotropis borealis Broderip and Sowerby.
Tachyrhynchus erosus Couthouy, variety.
Margarites sordidus Hancock.

Margarites albulus Gould.

Margarites harrisoni Hancock.

Gastropod eggs.

b. Dolphin and Union strait, off Stapylton bay, in about 30 fathoms, mud.

Operculum of Huspira sp.

Leda (Portlandia) arctica Gray.

Arca glacialis Gray.

Musculus levigatus Gray.

Macoma oneillt Dall.

Lyonsia arenosa Moller. ;

Lamellidoris cf. liturata Beck. The. bottom of the foot, etenidia, and
rhinophores orange; dorsum olive grey.

Trichotropts borealis Broderip and Sowerby.

Tachyrhynchus erosus Couthouy.

c. West of Cockburn point (Dolphin and Union strait) in 20 to 30 meters, grey -
mud, stones and alge.

Musculus levigatus Gray.
Astarte vernicosa Dall.
Astarte borealis Schum.
Cardium ciliatum Fabricius.
Liocyma viridis Dall.
Macoma calcarea Gmelin.
Saxicava arctica Linné.
Mya truncata Linné.
Buccinum angulosum Gray.
Buccinum cyaneum Bruguiére.
E Buccinum sp. (very young).
Buccinum polare Gray.
Neptunea clathrata Linné.
Trichotropis borealis Broderip and Sowerby.
Tachyrhynchus erosus Couthouy.
Margarites umbilicalis Broderip and Sowerby.
Acmea emydia Dall. ,
Trachydermon albus Linné.
Tonicella marmorea Fabricius.
Molluscan egg-capsules.

STATION 44.

h. Cape Barrow, Coronation gulf (about 1 fathom).

Mytilus edulis Linné.

Saxicava arctica Linné.

Iattorina rudis, var. grénlandica Morch.
Lacuna sp.

Mollusks 17 A;
STATION 47.

a. Beach of Richardson island, Coronation gulf, south side of Victoria island.
Mytilus edulis Linné.

b. Beach of bay east of Lady Franklin point, Victoria island.
Mytilus edulis Linné.
Astarte borealis Schum.

c. Beach at Austin bay, Victoria island.

Mytilus edulis Linné.
Musculus levigatus Gray.
Astarte borealis Schumacher.
Serripes grénlandicus Gmelin.
Mya truncata Linné.
Chrysodomus solutus Herrman.
e. Beach, Forsyth bay, Victoria island.

Ovicapsules of Chrysodomus sp.

STATION 48.

a. From Stomach of Cottws quadricornis, Goulburn island, Bathurst inlet,
‘ Northwest Territories.

Utriculus sp. (badly digested).

b. From stomach of tomcod, same locality.

Operculum of EFuspira sp.

g. Beach at cape Lockyer, Coronation gulf.

Buccinum sp. ovicapsules.

STATION 49.

g. From stomach of Cottus scorpius, Bernard harbour.

Margarites harrisont Hancock (badly eroded).
Acmea emydia Dall. z

r. From stomach of Somateria v-nigra, Bernard harbour.

Serripes grénlandicus Gmelin (young, broken).
Musculus niger Gray (fragments).
Buccinum cyaneum Bruguiére (fragments).

STATION 50.

a. Beach at Cockburn point, Dolphin and Union strait.

Sazicava arctica Linné.
Buccinum sp. indet.

18a

ie? Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18
d. Young point, Dolphin and Union strait.
Eggs of two species of unknown gastropods.

f. Beach at and around Bernard harbour.

Mytilus edulis Linné.
Astarte borealis Schumacher.

STATION 53.

c. Beach at cape Bathurst, Northwest Territories (see also sta. 35).

Astarte borealis Schumacher.
Serripes grénlandicus Gmelin.
Macoma calcarea Gmelin.

STATIONS NOT NUMBERED.

Between cape Baring and Pullen point, Victoria island.

Lymnea caperata Say. = vahli Beck, = palustris Miller, mutation.

Lake near Bernard harbour, rom stomach of Cristivomer namaycush.

Lymnea palustris vahli Beck.
Pisidium rotundatum Prime.

Pond near Colville mountains, Victoria island.

Aplexa hypnorum L.

Stomach of Salvelinus, Bernard harbour.

Pisidium rotundatum Prime.

Lake opposite Bernard harbour.
Aplexa hypnorum L.

Water-hole on tundra at cape Bathurst, Northwest Territories.
Aplezxa hypnorum L. ;

Pond at Bernard harbour.
Aplexa hypnorum L.

Pond east of Bernard harbour—D. Jenness, collector.
Physa jennessi Dall.

Creek at Bernard harbour.
Aplexa hypnorum L.

Under stone at Bernard harbour.
Agriolimax hyperboreus Westerlund.

Lake west of Bernard harbour.
Pisidium rotundatum Prime.

Mollusks 194

Creek at Bernard Harbour.

Lymnea caperata Say '(on the mud).
, _. Aplexa hypnorwm Linné (on plants).
Valvata lewisit Currier.

Lake near point Williams, Victoria island.

Lymnea caperata Say.
Valvata lewisii Currier.

Lake between point Williams.and mount Arrowsmith, Victoria island.

_Lymnea caperata Say.

Nores anp Descriptions or New Forms.
Genus Leda Schumacher.
Subgenus Portlandia Morch.
Leda (Portlandia) collinsoni, n. sp. (Pl. II, figs. 3, 4.)

- Shell small, inflated, slightly inequilateral, olivaceous in the young, tending
to a dark brownish tint in the adult, the periostracum strong, minutely evenly
vermiculately wrinkled all over; anterior end shorter, evenly rounded; posterior

. portion with a rounded ridge extending to the posterior extremity where it forms
a rounded point, the shell being compressed above and below this ridge and the
margin below slightly incurved and retractively obliquely truncate; the basal
margin is slightly rounded; there is a_ small lanceolate impressed area in front
of the low, slightly opisthocoelous beaks, and a large one behind them, but there
is no circumscribed lunule or escutcheon; the interior is white, there is a large
triangular resilifer below the beaks and eleven anterior and eight posterior hinge
teeth; no indications of a pallial sus appear on the specimens but the adductor
scars are large and conspicuous. Height of specimen 6; length 8.5; diameter
4mm. Station 27s., off Collinson point, Alaskan Arctic coast, in three fathoms,
‘sandy bottom. Many specimens.

This is a remarkable little shell, quite distinct from its nearest relatives.
It is of the same general type as Leda (Portlandia) arctica Gray, but much
shortened up, smaller and more acute behind in proportion to its size. The
curious vermiculation of the surface is probably in great part if not entirely a
function of the periostracum. Catalogue Nos. 4150 and 4151 (Ottawa). Types
and co-types.

Genus Pseudamusium H. & A. Adanis.
Pseudamusium andersoni, n. sp. (PI. II, figs. 7, 8.)

Shell suborbicular, translucent white, extremely thin and fragile; hinge line
straight, the ears subequal, the right anterior ear slightly convexly striated but
with no-perceptible byssal notch or ctenolium; the right valve with a few faint
concentric undulations near the umbo, beyond that smooth, near the lower
margin concave and appressed against the margin of the opposite valve; left
valve more convex, equilateral, smooth, polished with a few faint irregular
radial markings near the base. Interior polished, the ligament very small.

The soft parts in alcohol are small, greenish, the margin of the mantle with
- very numerous small blackish eye spots, the gills and foot very small.

20 4 Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18

Length of hingeline 9.5; of disk 24; height 22; max. diameter 5 mm. eae

Station 43a. Dredged in about 50 fathoms, mud and pebbles in Dolphin
and Union strait, Northwest Territories. Many specimens. - oa

This species belonging to the group of P. vitreus, P. grénlandicus and their
allies, is distinguished from any of them by the entire absence of any regular
radial sculpture or ornamentation. Denude P. randolphi of the Pacific fauna of
its radial rows of minute prickles and it would approach the present species.
The only other quite smooth species of the group known to me, belongs to the
Magellanic fauna. 7

The species is named after Dr. R. M. Anderson, chief of the Southern
Party, of the expedition.

Catalogue Nos. 4235, 4236 (Ottawa). Types and co-types.

Genus Macoma Leach.
Macoma oneilli, n. sp. (Pl. II, fig. 1.)

Shell small, thin, oval, compressed, inequilateral, slightly inequivalve, the
anterior part more than twice as long as the part behind the umbones; white
covered with a dehiscent yellowish-olive periostracum; beaks hardly perceptible,
ligament prominent, posterior end with an extremely narrow compressed dorsal
margin corresponding to the fold of most species; anterior and posterior ends
subequally rounded; dorsal and basal margins nearly equally arcuate; interior
chalky white, the hinge with two small but well-marked teeth in each valve, the
anterior left cardinal bifid; pallial sinus rounded behind, coalescent below, a
little smaller in the right valve than in the other; muscular impressions subequal
and of moderate size. Length of shell 21; length in front of the vertical from
the beaks 15; height 15; diameter 6mm. Catalogue No. 4240 (Ottawa).

Station 43a—b. Dredged in Dolphin and Union Strait in 30 to 50 fathoms,
mud and pebbles. Two specimens.

This species is remarkable for its evenly oval shape and flattened valves,
devoid of the usual posterior twist. Among the various species of .acoma in
the Arctic seas it approaches nearest to A. moesta Deshayes, but is quite distinct
It is named in honour of Mr. J. J. O'Neill of the party.

Genus Physa Draparnaud.
Physa jennessi, n. sp. (PI. II, fig. 2°)

Shell small, thin, of four whorls, of a dull amber yellow without a darker
streak behind the outer lip; apex rounded, rather blunt, surface polished with
occasional incremental irregularities and a microscopic spiral striation obsolete
in places; spire shorter than the aperture, the last whorl much the largest, the
suture not deep, the whorls moderately rounded; outer lip sharp, inner lip
slightly erased and whitened; pillar straight, thickened where it meets the body,
a a little depression behind it. Length 8; length of aperture 5; max. diameter

mm.

Ponds near Bernard harbour, rare. Collected by Mr. D. Jenness of the
party, in whose honour it is named. Catalogue Nos. 4019, 4020 (Ottawa).

This is remarkable as the most northern species known of the genus. By
some unexplained factor, perhaps connected with glaciation, the genus Physa
is not represented in the boreal region of Asia or America between the western
Siberian boundary and cape Bathurst. It occurs in southern Siberia among
the headwaters of the Amur river. In America the most northerly localities
reported are Moose Factory on Hudson bay, and Great Slave lake. The allied
genus Apleva seems to take the place of Physa in all the boreal region above
referred to. When we consider that the large Lymnaeas of the type of L. stagnalis

“

Mollusks 214A
nd Aplexa hypnorum, abound tothe very verge of the Polar sea, it seems
lifficult to account for the absence of Physa, elsewhere associated with them.

Genus Lora Gistel.
Lora trevelliana Turton.

_ Pleurotoma trevellianum Turton, Mag. Nat. Hist., VII, p. 351, 1841.
Mangelia trevelliana Forbes & Hanley, III, p. 452, pl. 112, f. 12, 1853.
Pleurotoma reticulata Brown, 1827, not of Renieri, 1804.

» Station 27s. Off Collinson point, Alaskan Arctic coast, in three fathoms.
Also on the Murman and North Atlantic coast.

- Several specimens apparently not quite full grown were obtained. They
agree with British specimens except that the sculpture is more feeble than in the
completely adult. individuals. Jeffreys notes that American specimens are
smaller than those from Britain, as is also the case with some other mollusks.

Genus Admete Kroyer.

Admete elongata Leche.

Admete viridula Fabr. var. elongata Leche, K. Svenska Vet. Ak. Handl. Bd.
16, No. 2, p. 48, pl. 1, fig. 18, 1878.

A badly eroded specimen was obtained at station 23, off the Sea Horse
islands, Alaska, N. Latitude 70° 24’, in 9-10 fathoms, sandy bottom. This
appears to be the shell described in-the report of the Swedish expedition to Novaia
Zemlia and the Yenisei in 1875 and 1876 under the name above cited. If it is
really an Admete the plaits on the pillar are obsolete, but the specimen is too
imperfect to base a dogmatic opinion upon. Long since it was pointed out that
the type specimen of Fabricius’ shell is a Bela, a fact which I have verified by
personal inspection. Also that the Admete was first named costellifera by
J. Sowerby in 1818 from a Crag fossil. The present shell has much the aspect
of a Trichotropis, and certainly has not the least connéction with Admete
costellifera, or Admete viridula auct. non Fabricius.

Genus Plicifusus Dall.
Plicifusus johanseni, n. sp. (PI. III.)

Shell fusiform, whitish, with six or more slightly rounded whorls exclusive
of the (lost)'nucleus; suture distinct, not appressed or channelled; but rather
deep; the first three or four whorls are feebly axially plicate, the obscure riblets
anteriorly protractive and varying in number up to ten; very faint irregular
traces of them, or some of them, may appear on the last whorl; spiral sculpture
of numerous straplike flat spirals made duplex by a medial groove and separated
by .a much narrower interspace crossed by fine incremental lines; canal short,
slightly recurved; outer lip arcuate, somewhat produced below the periphery;
body and pillar with a coating of enamel; pillar attenuated in front, nearly
straight. Dength of (decollate) specimen 52; of last whorl 39; of aperture 26;
max. diameter 22 mm.

Station:24. Point Barrow sandspit, Alaska. Also collected at Icy Cape,
Alaska, by Capt. Everett Smith, in 1874, who presented a specimen to the U.S.
National Museum.

The expedition collected a dilapidated specimen at Point Barrow, but I

rave drawn up the description from the better preserved individual in the '

‘ollection of the U: S. National Museum. Catalogue No. 4117 (Ottawa).

224 Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1918-18

The species is perhaps nearest to P. esychus Dall, from the same region, in
which the spire is proportionately longer, the whorls more inflated, and the
spiral sculpture less coarse. ; 7

It is named in honour of Mr. Frits Johansen, naturalist of the expedition,
and to whose energy the larger part of the collection is due.

Genus Volutopsius Moérch.
Volutopsius stefanssoni, n. sp. (PI. I).

Shell large, heavy, rude, pinkish brown with a rosy protoconch and five
rapidly enlarging whorls; nucleus swollen, large, irregular, of about two whorls,
blunt at the apex; suture distinct, not channelled; whorls inflated, with a high
rounded shoulder.and five or six obscure swellings at the shoulder which do not-
become definite ribs; there is no spiral sculpture, but the lines of growth are rude’
and occasionally lamellose, especially toward the aperture in senile individuals;
canal short, wide, slightly recurved; aperture wide, the outer lip thickened but
hardly reflected, throat whitish; body in the mature shell with a layer of whitish
enamel which extends to the end of the pillar, which is arcuate, shorter than the
aperture and obliquely truncate in front. Height of shell 114; max. diameter 65;
height of last whorl 87; of aperture 75 mm. ~

Station 24. Point Barrow, Alaska, sandspit. Also collected by the U.8.
Bureau of Fisheries at various stations from the Pribilof and Nunivak islands,
Bering sea, northward to the Arctic ocean, in 25 to 56 fathoms. Catalogue
4128 (Ottawa). ) :

Three fragmentary or immature specimens were obtained by the expedition.
at Point Barrow; a description has been prepared from an adult in the collection
of the U.S. National Museum. The shells, as in many other species, some-
times show narrow oblique or zigzag ridges due to some cause not yet determined;
but probably abnormal. The species in a general way recalls V. castanea Morch,
a much smaller species common on the Aleutian islands. The species is named
in honour of the commander of the Canadian Arctic Expedition.

Genus Margarites Leach.
Margarites ecarinatus, n. sp. (Pl. II, figs. 5, 6).

Shell pinkish grey, depressed, with about five rapidly enlarging whorls;
nucleus minute, glassy; subsequent whorls moderately inflated, separated by a
deep but not channelled suture, having a rounded periphery, a wide, completely
pervious umbilicus, and a large, very oblique, ‘iridescent aperture. Axial .
sculpture of very fine silky incremental lines; spiral sculpture of low flattish
threads separated by narrower interspaces sometimes carrying a finer intercalary
thread; this sculpture is carried over the base but is absent from the walls of
the wide umbilicus; aperture rounded, very oblique, the margins sharp, hardly
meeting over the body except by a thin layer of enamel. Operculum. brown,
(on i i Height of shell 8; max. diameter 15 mm. Catalogue No. 4071

awa). j

Station 22, in N. Latitude 69° 35’ and W. Longitude 163° 27’, dredged in
11-12 fathoms, sandy bottom, 1 specimen. Also represented in the U.S. Nat.
Museum by specimens collected in Bering sea, among the Aleutian islands, and
as far to the east and southward as Port Althorp, Alaska. ;

This species is nearest to M. vorticiferus Dall, which has about the. same
range, but presents constant differences. In vorticiferus the spire is more elevated
and the whorls flattened and carinate at the periphery; the spiral sculpture is

generally finer and the axial sculpture coarser. Its measurements are: height 15;
max. diameter 20 mm.

\

Mollusks ~- 23 4

Genus Amicula Gray,
Amicula vestita Sowerby. a

Chiton vestitus Sowerby, Zool. Journ. IV, p. 368, 1829; Conch. IIL, figs. 128,
128a, 1839.

Amicula vestita Dall, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. I, p. 369, 1879; Sci. Results
Expl. of Alaska, p. 89, 1879.

Station 22, off cape Lisburne, Arctic ocean, in North Latitude 69° 35’ and
West Longitude 163° 27’, in.11—-12 fathoms, rock and sand bottom. Also.found
in Bering sea northward from the Pribilof islands and on the Atlantic side from
the Arctic south to cape Cod on the American coast. :

NOTES. ON THE LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSKS.

By Mr. Frits JoHANSEN.
(Copied from Journal I.)

Nome, Alaska: A few naked snails (Agriolimax hyperboreus) 1916.
and Succinea chrysis collected under loose stones, boards, etc., on Avsust 25.
tundra:

Teller, Port Clarence, Alaska: A few snails (Succinea chrysts) 10913.
collected under old sacks, tins, etc., on tundra near the town. July 31.

Teller, Alaska: Many fresh-water snails (Aplexa hypnorum) August 3.
collected in brackish tundra-pond between the lake and the sea
near the town. :

Sadlerochit river, Camden bay, Arctic Alaska: Hot creek, November
tributary to Sadlerochit river, about 25 miles inland. On the free 7:
(especially upper) sides of the submerged moss covered stones in

_ the creek bed were many small snails (Lymnea) attached in hundreds;
these snails besides other snails (Aplexa) and small clams (Pisidium
-rotundatum) were also common between the grass on the sandy,

stone-free bottom of the creek in shallower water.

Collinson point, Camden bay, Arctic Alaska: In a completely 4914.
melted tundra-pond I collected a few fresh-water snails (Aplexa June 13.
with the soft parts black) on grass stems. :

Collinson point, Camden bay, Arctic Alaska: In a waterhole 1914.5
on the tundra I collected some smaller fresh-water snails (Aplera June 20.
hypnorum, young) soft-naked part blue-gray, on grass stems.

Collinson point, Alaska: In a waterhole in and near the beach, July 11.
I collected the common fresh-water snails (adult Apleza).

Konganevik, Camden Bay, Arctic Alaska: Many fresh-water June 25-6.
snails (Aplexa) collected in the littoral region of a big lake inland —
‘among plants. Found about half a dozen about 15mm. long, black, July 2.
naked snails (Agriolimax hyperboreus) feeding on the pollen of
catkins of the common low willow (Saliz sp.) in the coastal tundra
swamp. It was plainly to be seen that the snails really feed on
only the pollen, as the yellow anthers were missing or partly
missing on the catkins the animals were on, so that only the
red filaments were left. These snails had their creeping sole more
brownish; and the buccal mass when protruded, showed white,
dotted with black on the outer margin; otherwise the animal was
completely black. The moist weather during these days probably
brought these snails forth from their hiding-places under vegetation,
etc.; I tried to keep them alive, but a couple of days later they all
died. This is the first time I have found naked land-snails on the

(244

July 4.

May 15.

August 14.

1916.
July 29-
August 2.

1914.
May 28.

9116.,
July 26.

1915.
June 26.

1916.
April.
1915.
June 28.
Aug. 6.

June 28.

August 16.

September 1.

October 1-
Dec. 20.

1916.
May 6.

June 23-24.

July 5.

Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18

Alaskan Arctic coast. The species is the same as those from
Nome, Alaska, and the one from Bernard harbour, N.W.T.
Konganevik, Camden Bay, Alaska: On the coastal tundra
near the sea was a pond with rich vegetation and a broad fringe of
washed-up plant débris at its edge. On this fringe were many

empty shells of the common fresh-water snail (Aplexa).

Demarcation point, Alaskan Arctic Coast: Creeping over the
mud-bottom of a just melted pond on the coastal tundra were a
couple of Aplexa, the common fresh-water snails.

Herschel island, Yukon Territory, Arctic Canada: In a pond
(not the same as 1916, but both ponds about 100 feet elevation)
situated inland on the east end of the island, I collected many 1 to
8 mm. long, brown Aplezxa.

Same locality (Herschel island): In a pond (not the same as
1914, but both ponds at about 100 feet elevation) situated on the
tundra swamp inland at the east end of the island, I collected
several fresh water snails (Aplexa) among the dense growth of
Hippuris, ete.

Iglukitaktok, West branch of Mackenzie Delta (68° 20’ lat. N.,
135° 26’ long. W.): J. J. O’Neill collected Lymnea appressa floating
in the fresh water flooding the ice, near the marshy margin of a
small lake. ~

Cape Bathurst, Northwest Territories, Canada: The common
fresh water snails (Apleza) collected in waterholes in the tundra
back of the sandspit.

Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories, Canada: Lake trout
(Cristivomer namaycush W.) caught by Eskimo in lakes around
here had in their stomachs about 1 dozen 2-5 mm. clams. The
youngest clams had the shell pure white; the older ones had this
greyish (Pisidium rotundatum). In the different larger ponds J
found the shallow-water snails (Aplera) attached to the grass
stems or as empty shells on the mud-bottom. Shell brown; pro-
truding, soft body-part grey; head almost black.

Bernard harbour: From stomach of lake-trout, caught as
June 26, 1 snail (Lymnea vahli) and many Pisidium rotundatum.

Under a stone on moist ground (tundra) inland, I found a 15
mm. long brown, naked Pulmonate snail (Agriolimax). Dorsal
side (especially mantle-shield, tentacles and their base, and body
back of the mantle) black-brown, getting lighter brown laterally,
until the whitish (grey) footsole is reached. The rainy weather
these days has probably brought this snail out from its hiding place.
a is the first and only naked snail I have found east_of Mackenzie

a.

Fungus (Agaricus?) found gnawed by snails.

The trout (Salvelinus marstoni) caught by us in the big lake
south of the harbour, often had in their stomachs many of the
common small fresh-water clams (Pisidium).

Same locality (Bernard Harbour): A few Pisidium from bottom |
of big lake south of harbour were collected. ;

A fresh-water snail (Aplezxa) collected in the big lake south
of the harbour. .

Many of the common fresh-water snails (Aplexa) and a few
Lymnea and Physa were collected in the shallow bights at the outlet.
of the big creek from the big lake in valley back of the harbour.
Many empty shells of Lymnea vahli and Aplexa hypnorum and
Valvata lewisii found washed up at the mouth of another big creek

ee of June— The fresh-water shells Apleza and Physa collected by D.
~' Begininng of ‘

- July. .

‘1915.

August.

Fig. 1.

O AOgr Shr

Mollusks ; 254

at the southwest end of the same lake; up in this creek I also
collected many living Lymnea and Aplexa.

Jenness east of Bernard Harbour. |
Victoria island, Northwest Territories, Canada: The following
fresh-water snails were collected by D. Jenness:—
1. From lakes near point Williams, August 8, 1913: Lymnaea
vahli and Valvata lewisti. i

2. From lakes near Mt. Arrowsmith, mddle of August:
Lymnea vahli. ,

3. From pond inland near Point Williams, August 15: Apleza.

4. From creek between cape Kendall and Cape Baring, August
31: Aplexa hypnorum; Lymnea vahit.

The Eskimo (Coronation Gulf dialect) name for these Lymnea
and Valvata is ‘“‘Siuterkok”’ (derived from the word for ears). The
same name is used for Buccinwm and other snails.1

The common, small fresh-water clam (Pisidium rotundatum)
is called ‘Uvillunniak”’ ( = the small clam) by the Coronation
Gulf Eskimo. Marine bivalves called “ Uvillok.’”

1Any spiral molluscs are called siutukayuk in Mackenzie Eskimo dialect.—R. M. Anderson.
2Also called uvillok in Mackenzie dialect; abjait in Kotgebuc Sound dialect.—R. M. Anderson.

REFERENCES TO PLATES.

. Puate I.

Volutopsius stefanssoni Dall, nat. size; p. 22a.

Puate II.

Macoma, oneilli Dall, nat. size; p. 20a.

Physa jennesst Dall, Xx 3; p. 20a.

Leda (Portlandia) collinsoni Dall; inside view, nat. size; p. 19a.

The same, outside view; p. 19a. :

Margarites ecarinatus Dall, upper surface, magnified one half; p. 22.

The.same in profile.

Pseudamusium andersoni Dall, left valve, nat. size; the dark center of the disk is the
remains of the animal matter; p.19a.

The same, right valve.

Puate III.
Plicifusus johanseni Dall, X 2; p. 21a.

26.4 Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18

APPENDED REPORT.

The Pleistocene Fossils collected on the Arctic Coast of the
Yukon and Northwest Territories by the Canadian
Arctic Expedition of 1913-18.

By Witu1am Heauey Datt.!

The fossils listed in this report are without doubt all Pleistocene. They
belong to species now living in adjacent waters which form part of the Western
Arctic fauna. The collection was made largely by Mr. J. J. O’Neill, and from
the notes on the labels, the horizon in which the fauna occurs seems to be
represented over a very large extent of the Arctic coast from Herschel Island,
Yukon Territory to Bathurst inlet, Northwest Territories, and to be identical
with that described by Schrader? under the name of the Gubik sand, on the
Arctic shore of Alaska.

It is rather surprising that the Pliocene Nuwok formation which in Alaska
underlies the Gubik sand in many places, with a very characteristic and interest-
ing fauna, is not represented in the Canadian collection.

The material from Herschel island and from the Mackenzie River delta is
in a matrix which in each case is of fine grey silt which immediately dissolves
in water, but has when nearly dry a certain hard toughness, and when quite
dry breaks up into angular fragments. It contains, intermixed with Pleistocene
marine shells, a proportion of rock fragments or marine fossils of the Devonian
formations so extensively developed in the Yukon Territory to the south and
which may have been transported on ice cakes or in the roots of uprooted trees
in the spring freshets. Three pieces of brown sandstone from the delta (No. 1885)
contain Devonian brachiopod remains, and small paleozoic brachiopods, possibly
young Meristella, were found loose in the silt from Herschel island.

The following are the species represented in the collection from each of the
numbered stations—

Station 1926, south side Herschel island, Yukon Territory—
Chrysodomus cf. saturus Martyn (fragm.).
Buccinum tenwe Gray (fragm.).

Natica sp. cf. clausa Brod. & Sby. (very young).
Neptunea beringi Dall (fragm.).

Tachyrhynchus erosus Couthouy.

Astarte borealis Schumacher.

Astarte arctica Gray.

Astarte fabula Reeve. |

Astarte alaskensis Dall.

Cyrtodaria kurriana Dunker.

Station 1942, east side of Herschel island—
Natica sp. (very young).
Astarte borealis Schumacher.
Astarte fabula Reeve.
Astarte alaskensis Dall.

1By permission of the Director of the United States Geological Survey.

*F. C. Schrader, United States Geological Survey, Professional Paper No. 20, Washington,
1904, p. 20 et seq. :

For comparison with this list the reader is referred to J. Gwyn Jeffrey’s list of Pleistocene fossils fe i heas'
part of the Arctic Archipelago—(The Post-tertiary fossils procured in the late Arctic Expedition; Sartor aap fepenehec
Recent or Living Mollusca from the same Expedition. Annals Natural History, vol. 20, ser. 4, 1877, pp. 229-388.) -

- Mollusks 274

Station 3486, Kay Point, Yukon Territory—
Dentalium sp. (fragm. ).
Natica sp. (young fry).
Leda (Portlandia) arctica Gray.
Musculus sp. (fragm.).
Pseudamusium sp. (fragm.).
Macoma sabulosa Spengler.
Astarte borealis Schumacher.
Astarte fabula Reeve.
Saxicava arctica Linné (fragm.).

“Station 5282, Arctic sound, Northwest Territories—
‘Cardium ciliatium Fabricius.
Serripes grénlandicus Gmelin.
Macoma calcarea Gmelin.
Mya truncata Linné.
Sazicava pholadis Linné.

Station 5288, east side Coppermine river, Northwest Territories—
Leda (Portlandia) arctica Gray.
Cardium ciliatum Fabricius.
Macoma brota Dall.

Station 5284, west side Coppermine river—
Leda pernula Muller.
Cardium ciliatum Fabricius.
. Macoma calcarea Gmelin.
Macoma balthica Linné.
Macoma brota Dall.

Station 5285, Victoria island, Northwest Territories—
Macoma inconspicua Broderip & Sowerby.
Mya truncata Linné.
Sazicava pholadis Linné.

_Station 5286, Bernard harbour, Dolphin and Union strait, Northwest
. Territories—
Mytilus edulis Linné.
Astarte borealis Schumacher.
Cardium ciliatum Fabricius.
Serripes grénlandicus Gmelin.
Mya intermedia Dall.
Balanus’sp. (fragment).

Station 5287, Kogluktualuk river, Coronation gulf, Northwest Territories—
Leda (Portlandia) arctica Gray.
Macoma calcarea Gmelin.

Station 5288, Port Epworth harbour, Coronation gulf—
_ Mya? (fragment)..
Station 5289, south end of Port Aiport, Coronation gulf—
Saxicava pholadis Linné.
Mya truncata Linné.
Balanus sp. (fragment).

Station 5290, mouth of Inman river, Dolphin and Union strait, Northwest
Territories—
Mytilus edulis, Linné.
Macoma calcarea Gmelin.
Saxicava arctica Linné.
- Saxicava pholadis Linné.
Mya truncata Linné (young).

284 ‘Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18

Station 5291, south side Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories— =»
Astarte borealis Schumacher.
Sazxicava arctica Linné.
Buccinum sp.? (fragment). a
Station 5293, north side Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories—
Acmaea emydia? Dall.
Mytilus edulis Linné.
Astarte borealis Schumacher.
Macoma calcarea Gmelin.
Saxicava pholadis Linné.
Sazxicava arctica Linné.
Mya truncata Linné.
Mya intermedia Dall.
Balanus sp. (fragment).
Station 5294, cape Barrow, Bathurst inlet, Northwest Territories, at 150-fo
elevation—
Macoma calcarea Gmelin (fragments).
Sazicava pholadis Linné.
Mya truncata Linné.
Station 5295, Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories—
Astarte borealis Schumacher.
Stations 5298, 5299, Bernard harbour, Northwest Territories—
Cardium ciliatum Fabricius.
Serripes grénlandicus Gmelin.
Astarte borealis Schumacher.
Macoma calcarea Gmelin.
Saxicava pholadis Linné.
Saxicava arctica Linné. »
Mya truncata Linné.
Station 5300, Cape Lyon, Darnley bay, Northwest Territories—
Saxicava pholadis Linné.
Station 5301, 15 miles southwest of cape Lyon, Darnley bay, Northwe:
Territories—
Astarte sp., indet.
Station 5302, Bernard harbour, Sorthwest Territories—
Astarte borealis Schumacher.
Station 5497 (40a) Five miles inland from Bernard harbour, Norbhwre
; Territories—
Saxicava pholadis Linné.
Mya truncata Linné.

All of the thirty species recorded from the several local collections give
above are included in the following systematic list:—

,
a

SYSTEMATIC LIST.

Leda (Portlandia) arctica Gray... 0.000. ee eee Sta. No. 5283, 5287

Leda pernula Milller........ 0.00.00 cece eee e ene 5284’

Pseud MuUsium Spi... ccc cee eee : “3486 7

Mytilus edulis Linné..........................0 000, “5286, 5290, 5293

IMUSCUUES Spits: Sateen papas eaentg aed iasshon dhe se « 3496" a

Astarte alaskensis Dall.........0.00000 0.00 cc cece eee «1926, 1942

Astarte fabula Reeve.................... erererr « 1926, 1942, 3483

Astarte arctica Gray......0 0000 cee cee « 1926"

Astarte borealis Schumacher..................0.0000. “5286, 5291, 5293, 5295, 52!
5299, 5302.

Astarte sp. TCC diseases chen wera buddaduaves “5301

Cardium ciliatum Fabricius.............0......00000- “5282, 5288, 5283, 5286, 52'
5299

Serripes grénlandicus Gmelin....................0-5+ “5282. 5286. 5298

M ollusks

Macoma calcarea Gmelin............ aR oie Segetbars aoa Sta. No. 5282, 5284
Macoma sabulosa Spengler.......................... ie rte eee
Macoma balthica Linné.............................. “284
Macoma brota Dall............0.0..000..............., “283, 5284
Macoma inconspicua Broderip & Sowerby............ « 5085"
Mya truncata Limné...... 20... eee, “5282, 5285
_ Mya intermedia Dall... 0.0.02 eee, : 3286 : 5003 ;
” Saxicava arctica Linné...................0........... “5290; 5291
Sawicava pholadis Linné..................00.0.0...., i 5282, 5285
Cyrtodaria kurriana Dunker..............0..0.0...... a 1926" re
Dental: SB ivssiscincrsie oo 3 ay x0 Gee x8 G G8 BG Gach gud mma “3486

< \ Chrysodomus cf. saturus Hacks has cig Gack Oi felis ded eh 1926
Buccinum sp.? (fragment).. Se ee et eer nea “5291

\ Buccinum tenue Gray... 2.6.06. cece a 1926
sNeptunea beringi Dall...............0-.000000.0.00,. “1926
Tachyrhynchus erosus Couthouy..................... ee 1926
Natica sp. cf. clausa anne ihesdanic aden Cone SRLS Woe ate Ae 1926
Acmaea emydia? Dall.........0.. 0... 00.....0.0.00... He 5293
~ Bolonus sp. (fragment). ah wh ae Gee ala oa hod Sal 1S Ith ee 5286, 5289,

294

, 5287, 5290, 5283

, 5289, 5290, 5293

5298, 5299

, 5293, 5299
, 5289, 5290, 5293,

5298, 5299, 5300

5293

LIST OF COLLECTING STATIONS (WEST TO EAST).

1942 —Fast side of Herschel island, Yukon Territory. Elevation up to 200’ A.T. ‘
» 1926—South side of Herschel island, Yukon Territory. The island is made up of silty mud,
with more or less gravel mixed. Fossils were collected from 100 feet above sea level

downward.
_ 3486—From sandy mud cliffs on Kay point, Arctic coast, Yukon Territory.

East side of point,

and 3 miles from the end. Sand and sandy mud, almost clay, with thin layers of
gravel. Sandy mud contains pebbles stratified, and ‘eross-bedded deposits. Apparently
part of the Anaktuvuk feature. Collected from a hillside (100’) at elevation 25’ A.T.
_ §800—Twenty-five miles southwest of cape Lyon, Darnley bay, Northwest Territories. From

gravel, 50 feet elevation, on coast.

5301—From débris on slope of partly consolidated mud underlying gravel near top of the former
Little river (Brock river), Northwest Territories. Ten miles from mouth, about 15

miles south-west of cape Lyon. Elevation about 200’ A.T.

. 5290—Mud-gravel about the mouth of Inman river 60 feet to 200 feet, Dolphin and Union strait,

Northwest Territories.

F302—From 15 feet elevation on north ade of Bernard harbour, south side of Dolphin and Union

strait, Northwest Territories.

- 5208-5299—Sand and gravel terraces from 15 feet above high-water, south side Bernard harbour

winter quarters, Dolphin and Union strait.
5295—North side of Bernard harbour, 15 feet above high-water level.
5293—North side of Bernard harbour, from 30 feet.above high-water. level.
5291—South side of Bernard harbour, 30 feet above high-water level.

5286—South side of Bernard harbour. From greenish-grey sand in cut banks at high-water

— level.
* §497—Five miles south of Bernard harbour, about 12 feet elevation.

5285—South-west part of Victoria island, Northwest Territories. Mud formation between the
3 Colville hills and south coast. D. Jenness, collector. Occurrence general up to 300

feet, none seen higher, although the formation goes above 800 feet.

(Jenness).

" 5284—West side of Coppermine river, 5 miles from mouth, from claybanks 50 feet high. Altitude
' above present level of river, 3 to 15 feet. Ice-covered. Sticking in the clay on limited

_ stretch of banks. More shells seen higher up the bank.

’ 5283—East side of Coppermine river, Northwest Territories, about 6 miles from the mouth, in

river banks 50 feet in height.

5289—Mud-gravel of Dolomite hills, south end of Port Epworth, Coronation gulf, 320 fect

elevation.

5288—East side of Port Epworth harbour, Coronation gulf, Northwest Territories. From mud-

gravel at 500 feet elevation.

‘5287—Mud-gravel formation, 11 miles up Kogluktualuk river, Coronation gulf. Seventy-five

feet above river bed.

5294—Cape Barrow, Bathurst inlet, Northwest Territories, 150 feet elevation.

Che |
Che VE a.
, Pty
PLATE No. 1.

Canapian Arctic Expepition, 1913-16. (W. H. Dall).

Canapran Arctic Exprpition, 1913-16. (W. H. Dall).

1

“y
0:0 PLATE No,.2.

6

= / -
ON y 8 ae

x

es
fey, PLATE No. 8.

CanapiaNn Arctic Exprpition, 1913-16. CW. HAH. Dall)