BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME FROM THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND THE GIFT OF Hcnrn Wfc Sage 189X d/M8&k&. d%/.£/./?.a£ 5474 RETURN TO ALBERT R. MANN LIBRARY ITHACA, N. Y. The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924080071834 BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA; OR, CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE FAUNA AND FLORA OF MEXICO AND CENTRAL AMERICA. EDITED BY F. DUCANE GODMAN AND OSBERT SALVIN. BOTANY. VOL. I. BY W. BOTTING HEMSLEY, A.L.S., HON. MEM. NAT. HIST. SOC. MEX. ; ASSISTANT POR INDIA AT THE HERBARIUM OP THE ROIAL GARDENS, KEW ; AUTHOR OF THE " BOTANY OP THE ' CHALLENGER ' EXPEDITION," &C. AND A COMMENTARY ON THE INTRODUCTION AND APPENDIX. BY Sir J. D. HOOKER, Late Director op the Royal Gardens, Kew. LONDON: PUBLISHED EOK THE EDITORS BY R. H. PORTER, 10 CHANDOS STREET, CAVENDISH SQUARE, W., AND DULAU & CO., SOHO SQUARE, W. 1879-1888. ouess ■r ^tJ QK ,/ XI s 13 (o I V, / ^.lUifUS FLAMMAM. PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. PREFACE. When this work was commenced, a little more than twelve years ago, the main object in view was the collection of the widely scattered data bearing upon the phyto- geography of the region, in order to ascertain to what extent the phenomena agreed with, or deviated from, those obtaining in the Animal Kingdom, and also to supply as complete a synopsis of the flora as possible, so that its general character, relationships, and connections might be critically elaborated. Nevertheless, it was hoped that it would at the same time prove a substantial and useful contribution to Systematic Botany ; and as the work proceeded greater attention was bestowed upon this branch of the subject, so that ultimately it grew far beyond the dimensions originally laid down. As this great task was undertaken by one person, it was necessary to keep it within limits as narrow as were consistent with the aim in view, to ensure a reasonable prospect of its being completed. A critical determination of the vast amount of material in the Kew Herbarium alone was out of the question, to say nothing of the supplemental collections in other establishments ; yet it was difficult to decide where to draw the line. At first it was thought practicable to include the named materials at Kew, the British Museum, and Paris — the first forming a wide and trustworthy basis for genera, and largely also for species, resulting from the labours of Bentham and Hooker, in connection with their now happily completed invaluable ' Genera Plantarum ' ; but this plan had to be abandoned in consequence of the risk of confusion arising from diverse determinations in the various herbaria ; and it was decided not to attempt doing more than could be accomplished at Kew. This course has been adversely criticised, but having intentionally and purposely thus curtailed the scope of the work, such criticisms call for no further reply. Considering that, for obvious a2 iv PREFACE. reasons, anything very closely approaching completeness could not have been attained had there been half a dozen workers in the field, instead of only one, the omission of some small historical collections is of the very slightest importance. Notwithstanding the fact that the work has been substantially restricted to the Kew Herbarium and Library, it has been, as already mentioned, considerably extended in a direction not originally contemplated. For the purposes in view it was thought that we might very largely rely on the names as we found them in the Kew Herbarium, and describe only such very evident novelties as did not involve too great an expenditure of time. In this manner the whole of the Polypetalse was written out, and in the hands of the Editors, when an offer was received from Drs. Parry and Palmer to present the first set of a large collection of dried plants, chiefly from the State of San Luis Potosi, on the condition that we named the whole of them and embodied them in the "Biologia." To do this properly involved an enormous additional expenditure of time and money ; yet the offer was accepted, and the writer, aided by his colleagues at Kew, spent nearly seven months on this collection, and the investigations it entailed, thereby greatly enhancing the value of the Enumeration; without considerably increasing its bulk. This critical examination of a large portion of the Mexican plants led to much fuller synonymy and references to the existing literature in the second and succeeding volumes than is given in the first, and we are fully justified in saying that the quality of the work has improved in consequence. Although an immense amount of time has been spent in looking up published species not represented in the Kew Herbarium by authenticated specimens, some, doubtless, have been overlooked ; but a few omissions are of little consequence. Had every name referring to a Mexican plant been taken up, the result would have been literary completeness, it is true, yet nothing more. Moreover, it would be mere affectation to apologize for shortcomings of this kind in a work professedly little more than a skeleton from the standpoint of a systematist. As explained in the Appendix, upwards of a thousand nominal species are left out of consideration in the geographical tables, because it is believed that their retention would swell the proportion of the endemic element beyond what it really is. PEEFACE. V The writer now has the great pleasure of recording his obligations and thanks to Mr. W. H. Fitch, the artist, and to his colleagues at Kew, especially to Professor D. Oliver, whose unrivalled knowledge of flowering plants is always at the service of others. Mr. J. G. Baker is almost wholly responsible for the nomenclature and limitation of the species of vascular cryptogams ; but this matter is more fully explained in the remarks under the various orders. The writer also feels that he would very much like to be permitted to mention that he has experienced the most liberal treatment from the Editors, who have expended a much larger sum of money (to say nothing of time) on the work than they can possibly see returned. Under other circumstances much more might be written on this point. i The coloured Plates were taken from sketches made from the fresh plants by Mrs. Salvin in Central America in 1873-74. WILLIAM BOTTING HEMSLEY. Chiswick. October 1888. CONTENTS OF VOLUME I. Page Preface iii Introduction ix Commentary on the Introduction and Appendix lxii Enumeration of the Polypeta!^, with Descriptions of New Species . 1-576 INTRODUCTION. As stated in the Preface, this work was undertaken mainly in the interests of Geogra- phical Botany ; and the distribution of the plants enumerated therein has been tabulated and discussed in considerable detail in the " Appendix " contained in the fourth volume. The completion, or approaching completion, of several important works on systematic botany, dealing with the vegetation of large areas, such as Boissier's ' Flora Orientalis,' Hooker's ' Flora of British India,' Gray's ' Synoptical Flora of North America,' and monographs of large Natural Orders, together with recent botanical explorations in China, Madagascar, the mountains of Tropical Africa, and elsewhere, affords materials for a wider survey of the distribution of plants than has hitherto been attempted, and a closer comparison of the primary botanical and zoological regions of the world. To do this exhaustively would, of course, occupy much time and fill a large book ; therefore only an exposition and rapid review of the principal facts will be attempted here *, and the inquiry will be limited to flowering plants. Before approaching the examination of the botanical regions themselves it seems desirable to produce some further statistics and then endeavour to estimate their relative value t- Throughout this work the classification and generic limits of Bentham and Hooker's ' Genera Plantarum ' have been followed, and all comparisons are made on the same, or practically the same, basis. Since the appearance of the first part of the 'Genera Plantarum' in 1862, very numerous new plants have been discovered, including some extremely singular and anomalous ones, though none probably to which the authors would have assigned the rank of a new natural order. The number of distinct genera and species has, however, been largely augmented. Elsewhere J some particulars have been given of the subsequent additions to the Composite, but it is unnecessary to enter into similar details respecting all the natural orders. Nevertheless, for purposes of comparison, it will be convenient to give here some of the statistics and rough approxi- mations arrived at in the ' Genera Plantarum' §. * The questions discussed in the following pages might more appropriately have been incorporated in the " Appendix ;" but this is a further development of the subject suggested by Sir Joseph Hooker after perusing the analysis of the Flora of Mexico. t Following the most approved nomenclature, the primary geographical divisions of the vegetation of the world are designated "regions" and the secondary divisions " subregions." t Vol. IV. p. 24&. § From a summary by N. E. Brown in the ' Gardener's Chronicle,' n. s. xix. p. 733. biol. CBNTK.-AMBR., Bot. Vol. I., October 1888. b INTRODUCTION. Statistics of the Phanerogamic Flora of the World. Orders. Genera. Species. Dicotyledones 165 6052 77311 Gymnospermeae 3 44 415 Monocotyledones 34 1489 17894 Totals 202* 7585 95620 f At Kew it is the practice to post up all proposed new genera as they are published, and from a cursory examination of their claims to this rank (in Bentham and Hooker's sense) the number of distinct genera now known is about 8000 ; and, allowing a proportionate increment of new species, the total may be placed at 100,000. Judging from the exceedingly large number of new forms in the latest collections from the Malayan Peninsula, Borneo, New Guinea, and Central China, future explorations will doubtless considerably increase these totals. Absolutely nothing is known botanically of immense tracts of the interior of Africa ; whilst such comparatively well-explored countries as Mexico and Central America still continue to yield as much as ten per cent, of new species in collections made out of the beaten tracks, and in a North- Mexican collection of about 270 species made by C. G. Pringle in 1887, 20 per cent, are indicated as new in a catalogue by A. Gray and S. Watson. The general distribution of the natural orders is given in our fourth volume, pages 201 to 207. Below are enumerated those natural orders of plants estimated by Bentham and Hooker to contain 1000 species and upwards : — Genera. Species. Composite . . . . 782 9800 Asclepiadaceae. Leguminosse . . 403 6500 Umbelliferse . OrchideaeJ . . . 334 5000 Solanacese . . . 341 4100 Cruciferae . . Graminese . 298 3200 Boragineae . Euphorbiaceae . . 197 3000 Palmae . . . . 136 2600 Campanulacese Cyperacese . 61 2200 Ericaceae . . . . 187 2100 Cactaceae . Scrophularinese . . 158 1900 Rosaceae . . . 78 1800 Piperaceae § . Melastomacese . . 134 1800 Totals . . 108 1500 Acanthacese . . 120 1350 25 Genera. Species 147 1300 153 1300 67 1250 173 1200 68 1200 132 1100 54 1000 52 1000 14 1000 71 1000 8 1000 4276 59200 * In this -work the Fumariaceae are counted as a distinct natural order, which brings the total to 203. f In some instances Bentham and Hooker indicate the number of species of an order as ranging between two sums, the lower of which was taken by Mr. Brown. From an independent calculation, based partly on the higher, and partly on the mean of the two sums given, a total of 96680 species is obtained. % 4500 to 5000 in the ' Genera Plantarum.' § Probably overestimated. INTRODUCTION. XI From the foregoing it will be seen that twenty-five, or one eighth, of the natural orders include much more than half the genera, as well as of the species ; and all of them are very widely dispersed ; sixteen of them extending to the arctic regions. Twenty natural orders have only from one to three genera and less than ten species, namely : — Genera. Species. Salvador acese 3 9 Sarraceniese 3 8 CyrilleEe 3 8 Roxburghiaceae .... 3 8 Flagellariese 3 8 Datiscaceae 3 4 Lennoacese 3 4 Empetracese 3 4 Philydracese 3 4 Calycanthaceae .... 2 4 Canellacese 2 4 Genera. Balanopsese . Mayacese . Platanaceae . Coriariese . Moringeae . Columelliaceae Leitneriese . Ceratophylleae Batidese . . Totals 40 Species. 8 7 6 3 3 2 2 2 1 99 Some of the foregoing orders are quite local, while others have a wider range, particulars of which are given in the fourth volume, pp. 171-205. There are six other orders of only one genus each, namely, the American Lacistemacese, com- prising sixteen described species, and the Australasian Stackhousiaceee * of about twenty species ; the widely spread Frankeniaceae and Myricacese, and the Old- World Nepenthacese and Casuarinea? : all rather numerous in species. As another illustration of the Flora of tbe World, a list of genera numbering 300 species and upwards each is appended, together with their general distribution f. Genera. Species. Distribution. Senecio 900 Nearly all over the world. Solanum 700 Generally dispersed in warm regions, rarer in temperate. Tropics, and extending to Japan and New Zealand. Almost everywhere, except the coldest regions. Universal in the tropics, rare in temperate regions. North temperate and cold regions ; rare in the south, and wanting in South Africa and in Australasia. Tropical and subtropical regions. All over the tropics. Tropics and extratropical America. In nearly all temperate and cold regions. Very widely dispersed in warm regions, rare in temperate. North temperate and subtropical regions, rare in the south, except the Andes and South Africa. Piper 600 Euphorbia .... 600 Ficus 600 Astragalus .... 500 Eugenia 500 Psychotria .... 500 Croton 500 Carex 500 Phyllanthus. ... 450 Salvia 450 * The somewhat anomalous monotypic Australian genus Macgregoria, Muell., is referred to this order, a fact overlooked in the general table, vol. iv. p. 177. 3. xis. p. 371. b2 f See Bentham in 'Gardener's Chronicle,' n. s. xix. p. 371. XU 1NTE0DTJCTI0N. Genera. Species. Distribution. Acacia 432 Generally in warm regions ; numerous in Australia. Eupatorium .... 400 Temperate and subtropical regions except Africa and Australia, but most numerous in South America. Erica 400 Europe, Mediterranean region, and very numerous in South Africa. Peperomia .... 400 All over the tropics with few extensions into temperate regions. Epidendrum . . . 400 Tropical and subtropical America ; the Galapagos Islands. Cyperus 400 All warm regions ; rarer in temperate. Vernonia 380 Tropics generally ; rare in temperate regions. Cassia 338 All tropical countries ; rare in temperate regions. Loranthus .... 330 Warm regions ; rarer in temperate. Centaurea .... 320 Europe, Africa, and Asia ; six in America ; one in Australia. Myrcia 300 Tropical and subtropical America. Miconia 300 Tropical and Andine America. Mamillaria .... 300 Mexico to Bolivia. Mesembryanthemum . 300 Mediterranean region to Cape and Australasia ; chiefly Cape. Ipomcea 300 All warm and most temperate countries. Quercus 300 North temperate and subtropical regions and extending to New Guinea. Totals . . 28 . 12400 These twenty-eight genera contribute 13 per cent, of Bentham and Hooker's estimate of the total number of species of flowering plants. With regard to the actual numbers given, some of them, at least, are considerably below what the authors would them- selves probably distinguish as species. Thus, for instance, Bunge, in a monograph of the Old- World species of Astragalus, published since the corresponding part of the 'Genera Plantarum,' describes 971 species, and he has subsequently increased the number to upwards of 1000; and there are at least 200 American species. The estimated number of species of Piper and Peperomia is perhaps in excess of that actually existing. There is one more feature in the world distribution of flowering plants demanding attention, and that is the wide or peculiar range of certain species, which possess no special means of dispersion by animals or birds or the elements, and which are most unlikely to have been aided, intentionally or unintentionally, by man. Such species are not few in number, but a sample of them will be sufficient as an illustration of distribution, and a selection may be made from those inhabiting Britain. Sir Joseph Hooker has discussed this phenomenon with greater fulness than we have space to do in this place *. Eadiola millegrana Europe, North Africa, and mountains of Tropical Africa. Alchemilla vulgaris Western Europe to N.E. India, Labrador, Green- land, and Alps of Victoria, Australia. * ' Flora Tasmania?,' i. Introductory Essay, p. xciv ; and also " On the Plants of the Cameroons Mountains," in the Journal of the Linnean Society, Bot. vii. p. 178. INTKODUCTION. xiii Cotyledon umbilicus Europe, N. Asia, and mountains of Tropical Africa. Lythrum salicaria Europe, N. Asia, N. America, and Australia. Calystegia sepium Europe, Asia, N. Africa, N. and S. America, and Australasia. Sibthorpia europsea Western Europe, mountains of Tropical Africa. Brunella vulgaris Europe, Asia, N. and S. America, Australasia. Lycopus europseus Europe, N. Africa, N. Asia, and N. America. Deschampsia csespitosa North and South temperate and Arctic regions and mountains of Tropical Africa. Luzula campestris . Temperate and cold regions throughout the World. It is not intended to discuss the various means by which the above-named plants may have been thus dispersed — whether by migrations or natural agencies, inasmuch as this has already been done as exhaustively, perhaps, as the data permit. The following table, extracted from an abstract of a paper by Mr. T. Comber on the world distribution of British flowering plants *, is a further illustration of the relatively wide distribution of what Sir Joseph Hooker has designated the Scandinavian Flora. It is a summary of the distribution of the vascular plants regarded as indigenous to Britain, divided into four climatal classes, according to the latitude or altitude they inhabit. The first column contains the names of these classes, which are sufficiently descriptive to be intelligible ; the sixth column the total number of each class, and the intermediate columns the number of species extending to the countries or areas named. General Distribution of British Plants. (After Comber.) Europe. Europe and Asia. Europe and America. Universal. Total. Per cent. Southern 149 61 12 5 123 299 13 3 6 12 5 ' 8 16 264 94 53 294 636 124 69 26 57 11 6 Temperate Total 227 438 31 427 1123 100 20 39 3 38 100 It will be observed from the totals in the sixth column that none of the species * ' Journal of Botany,' 1874, p. 88. The original appeared in the ' Transactions of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire.' xiv LNTKODUCTION. appear in two categories ; and it should be explained that a considerable number of the plants indicated in the second column as having only European extensions actually reach North Africa. The term " universal " is applied to those plants which spread into all three of the northern continents ; and it also includes the cosmopolitan species. With regard to the " southern universal " the majority extend into the tropics ; and of the "temperate universal " sixteen species recur (in the southern hemisphere) in America only, ten in Africa only, and thirteen in Australia and New Zealand only ; while fifty-six are more widely spread in south temperate regions. Though the foregoing numbers can only be accepted as approximate, they convey a good idea of the wide distribution of the British Phanerogamic Flora, which does not contain a single well- marked endemic species. Statistical comparison of the Flokas of large and widely separated areas. In the ' Appendix ' (vol. iv. pp. 202-207) comparisons are made between the Floras of Mexico and Australia, and the relative positions of the natural orders shown, according to their predominance in species. No very special meaning or importance is attached to such comparisons ; yet they are exceedingly interesting, and teach something beyond mere numbers of species, especially to persons possessing a practical knowledge of the nature, size, duration, &c. of the plants constituting the various natural orders. It is thought, therefore, that an extension of such comparisons to a third area, that of British India, may be welcome. There are many similarities as well as diversities in the American and Asiatic areas : similarities in the altitudinal and latitudinal ranges of the two countries, and in a less degree in their climatal conditions ; diversities in the direction of the principal mountain-chains, and consequently of the aspects of the slopes or exposures, and diversities in the land-connections, drainage, and coast-line. It would unduly lengthen this sketch to enter into further particulars on these points, therefore a tabular view of the composition of the Indian Flora compared with those of Australia and Mexico * may follow here. This table was drawn up, with the assistance of Sir Joseph Hooker, from his ' Flora of British India ' as far as published, and from the Kew Herbarium and recent monographs, such as Engler's ' Araceee ' and Baker's various papers on petaloid monocotyledons. The writer, however, is entirely responsible for the numbers of species of the genera of Orchideee, Scitaminese, Graminege, and some smaller orders, whilst Mr. C. B. Clarke obligingly furnished the numbers of the Cyperaceae f . At Mr. Salvin's suggestion a column showing the position of the natural orders in the Flora of the World has since been added. * For shortness Mexico is employed here and elsewhere instead of Mexico and Central America. f Owing to some mistakes in the figures, chiefly in the number of species of Quercus, discovered after the table was compiled, the percentages were calculated from a total of 13,647 instead of 13,700. The orders affected have been transferred to their proper positions, but it was not thought desirable to make any other alterations. INTRODUCTION. xv Sequence of the Natural Orders of the Phanerogamic Flora of British India according to their predominance in Species, with their relative percentages, and their positions in the Floras of the World, of Australia, and of Mexico. Orders. Position in the Flora of the World*. Position in the Australian Flora. Position in the Mexican Mora. Position in the Indian Flora. Species. Total number. Percentage in Phanero- gamia. Number endemic. Genera. Total number. Number endemic. 3 2 5 6 4 1 13 8 7 12 14 18 10 20 32 34 9 11 22 11 14 21 20 16 16 28 20 23 23 17 25 32 38 34 19 34 45 25 61 23 28 29 7 1 6 9 14 4 51 5 15 33 35 73 30 44 87 73 13 103 97 2 19 32 89 38 37 62 40 121 29 55 73 89 36 79 60 112 71 57 18 15 3 2 5 8 7 1 16 11 9 20 17 26 14 65 76 76 25 21 53 46 34 19 24 22 37 42 36 18 33 23 53 61 57 59 52 31 85 44 i.3 55 56 1. Orchidese 2. LeguminosEe . 3. Gramineae . . . 4. Euphorbiaceae . 5. Rubiacese 6. Composite . . . 7. Acanthacese . . . 8. Cyperacese . . . 9. Labiatae 10. Urticaceae . . . 11. Asclepiadeae. . . 12. Rosacea? 13. Serophularinese 14. Laurinese 15. Scitamineae . . . 16. Anonaceae . . . 17. Liliacese 18. Melastomaceae . 19. GeraniaceaB . . . 20. Myrtacese 21. Umbelliferse . 22. Convolvulaceae . 23. Aroideae 24. Boragineae . . . 25. Cruciferae 26. Gentianeee . . . 27. Apocynacese. . . 28. Gesneraceae . . . 29. Verbenaceae . . . 30. Palmae 31. Ranuneulaceae . 32. Anacardiaceae . 33. Tiliaoese 34; Celastrineae . . . 35. Caryophyllaceae 36. Cupuliferse . . . 37. Ampelideae . . . 38. Polygonaceae . 39. Dipterocarpeae . 40. Malvaceae 41. Sterculiaceas 1 42. Myrsineae J 1060 881 800 624 611 598 503 385 331 305 249 218 215 205 204 192 178 166 165 157 154 152 142 140 137 132 131 129 128 126 115 112 110 105 104 99 94 93 92 91 88 88 7-77 6-09 5-86 4-57 4-48 4-38 3-69 2-82 2-43 2-23 1-82 1-60 1-58 1-50 1-49 1-41 1-30 1-22 1-21 1-15 1-13 1-11 1-04 1-03 1-00 0-97 0-96 0-95 0-94 0-92 0-84 0-82 0-81 0-77 0-76 0-72 0-69 0-68 0-67 0-67 0-64 0-64 969 482 476 473 446 381 433 171 226 196 200 144 99 159 162 165 93 120 137 117 114 .75 107 82 55 105 94 107 78 94 73 86 56 85 57 95 71 38 80 40 60 61 106 132 134 79 89 122 49 24 55 45 53 26 55 16 20 25 36 21 9 11 37 15 32 32 43 15 39 25 23 30 19 22 13 13 19 6 3 7 9 22 17 11 20 13 11 12 21 11 11 6 15 2 7 1 5 7 3 2 1 3 1 11 3 4 2 3 10 1 1 8 3 2 1 * Orders represented by the same number of species in the Flora of the World, in the Australian Flora, or in the Mexican Flora are indicated numerically as occupying the same position in the sequence, otherwise some of them would be removed a considerable distance from their true positions ; and in comparisons the same course should be taken with the Indian orders of equal representation, here bracketed. XVI INTEODTTCTION. Phanerogamic Flora of British India, &c. (continued). Orders. SF ecies . Genera. Position in the Mora of the World. Position in the Australian Mora. Position in the ■ Mexican Mora. Position in the Indian Mora. Per< Total number. Ph g! enta in iner imia ge Number o- endemic. Total number. Number endemic. 43 42 45 27 24 41 29 31 23 48 45 53 36 18 18 47 18 37 41 44 38 33 36 51 40 28 30 45 46 15 34 56 57 52 63 34 63 65 51 51 68 32 50 55 39 54 41 44 66 97 46 12 68 55 63 20 125 82 81 * 46 108 125 89 65 60 135 68 25 39 125 135f 17 21 73 54 27 103 125 125 22 78 49 135 79 112 97 135 112 71 96 52 81 96 134 90 80 49 40 29 29 101 121 121 38 41 46 81 12 73 59 65 96 58 65 69 73 78 39 35 88 10 42 71 112 94- 115 44 153 143 94 107 128 51 88 91 128 98 65 43. Meliacese 1 84 ( 84 ( 81 ( 80 ( 77 ( 77 ( 74 ( 71 ( 70 ( 70 ( 68 ( 66 ( 64 ( 64 ( 62 ( 61 ( 56 ( 55 ( 53 ( 53 ( 52 ( 51 ( 50 1 49 ( 49 1 49 1 48 45 44 44 40 39 35 34 34 34 31 30 30 29 27 27 26 26 26 25 25 )-62 )-62 )-59 )-59 )-56 )-56 )-54 )-52 )-51 )-51 )-50 )-48 )-47 )-47 )-45 )-45 )-41 )-40 )-39 )-39 )-3.S )-37 V61 )-36 >36 >36 >3£ >3£ 3-3S >3S 3-3C 3-2£ d-2i 71 67 57 56 52 44 58 33 41 60 53 51 61 49 52 51 40 42 33 36 44 30 33 36 44 5 19 22 26 14 26 35 . 25 26 18 16 24 20 18 25 23 16 17 18 20 16 15 19 10 9 14 23 7 5 29 23 2 2 23 1 13 9 6 3 18 8 - 14 8 12 8 8 4 20 17 11 8 10 8 10 n I 6 19 5 4 1 2 2 8 11 3 3 1 9 13 3 1 1 3 1 7 3 3 3 1 3 3 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 3 1 2 4 1 44. Oleacese J 45. Primulacese - 46. Saxifragacese 47. Riitacese 48. Commelinacese 49. Loranthacese 50. Cueurbitacese 51. Sapindacese \ 52. Styracese J 53. EbeaacesB .... f 54. OlacinesB 55. Begoniacese 56. Campamilacese 57. Ericacese .... 58. Guttiferse 59. Piperacese 60. Araliacese 61. Capparidese 1 62. Ternstrcemiacese j 63. SapotacesB 64. Bhanmacese 65. Loganiacese .... - 66. Caprifoliacese 67. Vacciuiaceae 68. Chenopodiacese 69. Amarantacese 70. Lythracese . . \^ 73. Crassulacese 74. Burseracese 75. ConnaracesB 79. Fumariacese 83. Magnoliacese " 84. Bignoniacese 85. Hypericinese 86. Samydacese 87. Eriocaulese 88. Bixinese 1 . 89. Conifera j * Leaves of what may prove to be a Begonia, have been collected in North-western Australia, t The somewhat anomalous Wittsteina is referred to the Ericacese by Mueller. INTEODTJCTION. Phanerogamic Flora of British India, &c. (continued). xvn Orders. Position in the Flora of the World. 46 55 55 52 24 54 58 75 71 41 60 60 67 35 63 41 60 61 32 51 48 60 26 69 65 57 72 70 23 45 51 49 19 64 51 76 69 74 72 63 77 65 71 82 59 82 73 83 74 72 Position in the Australian Flora. 85 125 135 57 26 112 112 97 108 135 48 135 31 97 52 108 42 33* 125 135 34 135 94 125 57 103 112 108 3 43 112 124 103 112 66 135 93 95 103 49 112 135 135 Position in the Mexican Flora. 62 121 115 91 14 81 86 134 150 28 105 103 107 140 98 82 78 128 73 153 153 26 115 115 128 153 153 62 48 112 49 134 140 103 115 143 105 143 112 98 153 153 143 143 Position in the Indian Flora. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 139. Violariese Ilicineae Orobanchaceae Lentibularieae ] Amaryllideae i- DioscoreaceEe J Linaceae .'. . . Sabiaceae Khizophoreae Onagrariese Podostemaceae __ Naiadeae Cornacese .... Thymelaeacese Berberideae ] Valerianese 1- Dipsaceas J Simarubese Eicoidese Aristolochiaceae Santalaceas Haemodoraceae Malpighiacese . . Papaveracese Haloragese Ochnaceas Hydrocharideae Burmanniaceae Irideae Passifloreae Plantagineae Nyctagineae Proteaceae Pittosporeae Plumbagineae Nepenthacese Alismaceae Nymphaeaceae Tamariscineae Zygophyllaceae Hamamelideae Pandanaeeae Xyridese "I . Lemnaceae J . Portulaceae Elatineae Chailletiaceae Elseagnaceae Balanophoreae Gnetaceae J 1 J ^ Species. Total number. 24 24 24 23 23 23 22 21 21 21 21 20 19 18 17 17 17 16 16 16 16 16 13 12 12 11 11 11 11 10 10 10 10 9 9 8 8 8 8 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 Number endemic. 13 21 16 14 15 16 14 14 8 3 21 6 13 8 14 12 15 8 1 13 12 14 11 8 4 7 3 9 8 8 1 3 8 7 3 3 1 1 4 5 5 4 1 3 1 5 2 5 1 Genera. Total number. Number endemic. 3 1 5 2 5 2 7 2 10 5 3 8 7 11 6 4 4 9 7 4 8 4 3 4 5 4 10 2 2 3 1 3 1 1 6 1 6 5 2 4 8 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 3 1 * Sometimes united with the Amaryllideae, as in Bentham's ' Elora Australiensis.' biol. CBNTE.-AMER., Bot. Vol. I., October 1888. c XV111 INTRODUCTION. Phanerogamic Flora of British India, &c. (continued). Orders. Species. Genera. Position Position Position in the in the in the Position in the Total Number Total Number Flora of the Australian Mexican Indian Flora. number. endemic. number. endemic. World. Flora. Flora. 86 5 3 57 141. Selagineae 1 5 3 1 85 135 142. Taecacese f 5 2 1 83 125 143 143. Typhacess J 5 2 77 62 72 77 4i 121 143 128 128 144. Resedaceae 145. Droseraceae 146. PedaKneae 147. Juglandese 148. Myricaceae 149. FlagellarieaB 150. Triurideae ).. 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 74 87 135 150 4 4 2 2 1 2 83 63 23 4 3 4 2 1 1 151. StyKdeae 84 143 152. Monotropese 3 1 3 1 78 143 153. Chloranthaceae 3 2 2 55 82 107 3 1 3 1 67 83 86 3 2 1 87 135 . . 3 2 2 1 92 157. Moringeae ^ 2 1 1 91 153 2 2 51 10 153 2 1 64 *112 121 2 2 74 135 121 2 1 84 97 153 162. Frankeniaceae ~] 1 1 90 153 163. Coriariese 1 1 18 6 164. Cactaceae 1 1 40 8 165. Epacrideae 1 1 87 166. Diapensiaceae 1 1 1 55 71 167. Polemoniaceae 1 1 55 125 70 168. Hydrophyllaceae > 1 1 69 87 107 169. Phytolaccaceae 1 1 81 150 170. Cytinaceae 1 1 1 1 89 134 171. Platanaceae 1 1 80 62 . . 172. Casuarinese 1 1 93 135 153 173. Ceratophylleae 1 1 91 121 '" 174. Philydraceaa " 1 1 Summary of the Indian element in the foregoing Table. Orders. Polypetalae 72 Gamopetalae 41 Incompletes 30 Dicotyledones 143 Gymnospermeae 3 Monocotyledones 28 Grand totals 174 Total. 844 714 251 1809 16 446 Genera. /V 2271 Endemic. 113 108 27 248 56 304 Total Species. A__ Endemic. 4489 2965 4233 2982 1693 1159 10415 34 3198 13647 7106 18 2246 9370 * Associated with the Caryophyllaceae in Bentham's ' Flora Australiensis.' INTKODTJCTION. xix Eelative numbers of Orders, Genera, and Species in India, Mexico, North America, and Australia. Orders. Genera. Species. India 174* 2271 13647 Mexico 162* 1794 11626 Forth America 158* 1513 9403 Australia 154 1335 8575 Percentages of Dicotyledones (including Gymnospermeae) and Monocotyledones in the four areas and in Europe. Dicotyledones. Monocotyledones. India 76-57 23-43 =100-00 Mexico 78-50 21-50 =100-00 North America t 80-62 19-38 =100-00 Australia 81-50 18-50 = 100-00 Europe J 82-70 17-30 =100-00 The mean proportions of the five countries are 79-97 dicotyledons and 20-03 per cent, monocotyledons, against 81-29 and 18"7l for the whole world, showing that the nume- rical proportions do not greatly vary for large areas, no matter how distant they are, nor how dissimilar is their vegetation as a whole ; yet it is hardly necessary to add that very different proportions exist in smaller areas. Generally speaking, the drier the region the smaller the proportion of monocotyledons, and the greater the proportion of them bulbous plants. Maximowicz § in an analysis of the vegetation of different parts of Central and Eastern Asia gives the percentage of monocotyledons in the Phanerogamia as 14"1 in Tangout, or Northern Tibet, and 26-1 in Japan. But, as already hinted, figures of this kind convey no very definite information, inasmuch as they embody no idea of individual development, as a species of palm, bamboo, or banana of the tropics counts no more than a snowdrop, daffodil, or small grass of the temperate regions. Alphonse De Candolle ||, who presents very numerous statistics of the proportions of monocotyledons and dicotyledons in small areas, strongly insists on this point. It should be borne in mind that all statistical analyses of floras are to a great extent illusory, and can only be properly appreciated after a careful consideration of the composition of the elements. This fact is illustrated in the following somewhat detailed examination of the preceding table. One thing brought into great prominence by this table is the large number of * Including the Fumariacese, treated as a suborder of the Papaveraceae in the ' Genera Plantarum.' t Calculated from the second edition of Oyster's ' Catalogue of North American Plants,' after deducting the introduced species. J Calculated from the numbers given in Nyman's ' Conspectus Florae Europaeae,' p. 848, excluding the " subspecies." § Bulletin du Congres International de Botanique et d'Hortcultiure a St. Petersbourg, 1884, p. 158. || Geographie Botanique Baisonnee, ii. p. 1166. c2 xx INTRODUCTION. natural orders represented in each of the areas under consideration, especially in India, where there are 86 per cent, of the orders retained by Bentham and Hooker. This is not put forward as something new, though it will be new to most people, but it comes out more strongly than might have been anticipated. It should be mentioned, too, that British India covers only a portion of one of the primary botanical regions, though, on the other hand, the upper belt of vegetation of the Himalayas belongs to the northern region. Let us pursue the ordinal distribution a little further, premising that the reader will remember that important particulars not given here may be found in the Appendix. 1. Natural Orders not known to be represented in British India*. CalycanthacetB. Bruniaceae. Leitnerieae. Sarraceniaceae. Loasaceae. Lacistemacese. Cistacea. Turneraceae f- Empetracece. Canellaceae. Calycereae. Bromeliaceae. Tremandreae. Lennoaceae. Mayaceae. Vochysiaceae. Columelliaceae. Rapateaceae. Chlaenaceae. Myoporinem. Cyclanthaceae. Humiriaceae. Batideae. Centrolepideae. Cyrillacese. Penaeaceae. Restiacea. Stackhousiaceee. Balanopseae. 2. Natural Orders not known to be represented in any part of America $. Pittosporeae. Moringeae §. Balanopseae. Tremandreae. Dipsaceae. . Casuarineae §. Dipterocarpeae. Salvadoraceae. Philydraceae. Chlaenaceae. Nepenthaceae. Magellarieae. Stackhousiaceae. Penaeaceae. Pandanaceae §. 3. Natural Orders not known to be represented in Australia. Calycanthaceae. Canellaceae. Chailletiaceae. Berberidaceae. Vochysiaceae. Cyrillaceae. Sarraceniacese. Tamariscineae. Sabiaceae. Fumariaceae. Dipterocarpeae. Coriarieae. Resedaceae. Chlaenaceae. Moringeae. Cistaceae. Humiriaceae. Bruniaceae. * Those orders printed in italics are represented in some part of Asia. Forty-one natural orders are not known to be represented in Mexico : see the table in vol. iv. pp. 171-200. A Drosera, received at Kew from British Honduras, as this was going to press, reduces this number to forty. t Turnera uhnifolia is extensively colonized in India. J In the table referred to the Selaginese are indicated as not American ; but one or two Asiatic species of Gymnandra (Lagotis) recur in the extreme north-west of America. § These orders, and perhaps some others, are represented by colonized species. INTRODUCTION. xxi Loasacese. Turneraceae. Begoniaceae. Datiscacese. Cactaceae. Valerianaceae. Dipsaceae. Calycereae. Monotropeae. Diapensiaceae. Lermoaceae. Salvadoraceae. Polemoniaceae. Columelliaceae. Selaginese *. Batideae. Cytineae. Chloranthaceae. Penaeaceas. Platanaceae. Leitneriese. Juglandaceae. Myricaceae. Salicineae. Lacistemaceae. Empetraceae. Gmetaceae. Bromeliaceae. Mayaceae. Rapateaceae. Cyclanthaceae. Triurideae. 4. Natural Orders represented in Mexico or Australia, but not known in the Indian Flora. In Mexico. Cistaceae. Vochysiaceae. Loasacese. Turneraceae. Lennoaceae. Lacistemaceae. Bromeliaceae. Cyclanthaceae. In Australia. Tremandreae. Stackhousiaceae. Myoporineae. Balanopseae. Centrolepideae. Restiaceae. 5. Natural Orders not Mown to occur in India, Mexico, or Australia. Calycanthaceae. Sarraceniaceae. Canellaceae. Chlaenaceae. Humiriaceae. Cyrillaceae. Bruniaceae. Calycereae. Columelliaceae. Batideae. Penaeaceae. Leitnerieae. Empetraceae. Mayaceae. Rapateaceae. 6. Indian Natural Orders not Mown to occur either in Mexico or Australia. Dipterocarpeae. Selagineae. Triurideae. Dipsaceae. Salvadoraceae. Moringeae. Diapensiaceae. The phenomena of ordinal distribution as set forth in the six preceding tables demand a few words of explanation. Eespecting the first table, it is remarkable how little it contains ; how few important orders, considered either as to their extent or structural peculiarities, in relation to the land-area of the rest of the world. The * Specimens of the South-African DiscMsma capitatwm, Choisy, were collected hy Drummond in "West Australia but Bentham regarded the species as "most likely introduced," and Mueller treats it as an undoubted alien. xxii ESTTEODTJCTION. succeeding tables afford further information on the distribution of most of these orders. Those printed in italics are represented in Asia ; some of them by solitary outliers ; others, the Calycanthacese for example, as fully as elsewhere, and these may yet be found in the mountains of Northern India. Not less remarkable is the small number of orders in the second table, especially in relation to the vegetation as a whole, of the two hemispheres *. With regard to the third, future explorations may probably reduce the total by about half a dozen orders, though not more. The fourth and fifth tables deal in different ways with orders included in the first ; the fifth bringing also into great prominence the fact that there is exceedingly little ordinal peculiarity in the rest of the world, including the vast African region. The sixth table contains only one important natural order, namely the Dipterocarpese, which are known to extend to New Guinea, and some may possibly exist in tropical Australia. Altogether, twenty-six of the Indian orders are not found in Australia, and nineteen of them are not found in Mexico. Natural Orders not known to extend beyond America. Sarraceniacese. Batidese. Canellaceae. Leitnerieae. Vochysiacese. Lacistemacese. Cyrillaceae. Bromeliaceae. Calyceracese. Mayacese. Lennoacese. Rapateacea?. Columelliaceae. Cyclanthaceae. The Galapagos islands are regarded as belonging to the American region. Besides the foregoing orders, which appear to be absolutely confined to America, there are the Humiriacese, which are American with one exception in W. Africa ; the Turneracese are represented by a few species in the African region ; the monotypic genus Kissenia is the only member of the Loasacese found out of America ; and, with the exception of the genus Bhipsalis, the Cactaceae are wholly American. Hence it will be seen that between what is wanting and what is peculiar to America in natural orders, the balance is somewhat in favour of the latter. This completes the review of the leading features in the distribution of the natural orders. Something might be added here on the relative visible and spacious position occupied by the dominating orders in the different Floras ; but as it is proposed dealing briefly with this part of the subject further on, some illustrations of generic and specific distribution are given first. Geneeic and Specific Composition of the Floeas of diffeeent Aeeas. At page xix are given the relative numbers of orders, genera, and species in the Floras of India, Mexico, North America, and Australia ; and although no special significance * See vol. iv. pp. 202-207. INTRODUCTION. xxiii is to be attached to the fact, it is remarkable and noteworthy, as a matter of figures, what a close approach there is to uniformity in the proportions in each of these four dissimilar and distant areas. Thus : — Average number of Genera Average number of Species to an Order. to a Genus. India 13-0 60 Mexico 11-0 6*4 N. America 9-6 6"2 Australia 8'7 6'4 The proportions for the whole world, calculated from the numbers of the ' Genera Plantarum,' are 37*50 genera to an order, and 12-65 species to a genus ; from which it appears that there is, approximately, half of the average number of species of a genus, and a third to less than a quarter of the average number of the genera of an order in each of these large areas. Taking a portion of the Cape Flora, the average number of species to a genus is 6'6 * ; therefore between six and seven to one is probably the highest, or nearly the highest, average in large areas. Turning to other areas, the proportion of species is found to be much lower, and in certain insular Floras the genera are nearly as numerous as the species. In China the Polypetalous orders f yield about three species to a genus ; and the proportions are nearly the same in the whole vascular plants of New Zealand, as well as in the Sandwich Islands. In Japan, the proportions are as 2-6 to 1 ; and of the probably endemic plants of St. Helena they are less than 1*4 to 1. Such are the averages, which, as has been shown (vol. iv. pp. 212-217), are made up to a great extent by genera numerous in species and genera of one species each. In the Mexican Flora, for example, eighty-five genera contribute 4760 species, or 39 per cent, of the total, whilst other 660 genera are represented by only one species each, upwards of one third of them being absolutely monotypic. The composition of all large Floras, in which there is a high percentage of species to a genus, is similar ; whereas in the Chinese and Japanese Floras there are exceedingly few very large genera, and at the same time a smaller proportion of monotypic genera. "We have not counted the monotypic genera of the Indian Flora, but the proportions are probably very nearly the same as in the Mexican Flora. As mentioned elsewhere, Mueller J states that there are 550 genera in Australia represented by only one species. With regard to large genera in the Indian Flora there are only seven of 100 species and upwards each, against ten in Mexico and four § in Australia ; and there is nothing in either India or * Harvey and Sender's ' Flora Capensis,' vol. i., Kanunculacese to Connaracese, as estimated by Mr. N. E. Brown, in manuscript, in the Kew library. t Forbes and Hemsley, " Index Floras Sinensis," Journ. linn. Soc, Bot. vol. xxiii. t Lecture on the Flora of Australia, 1883, p. 11. § Six according to Mueller in the place cited, but he unites some genera retained by Bentham and Hooker. XXIV INTRODUCTION. Mexico approaching the 320 species of Acacia and 120 of Eucalyptus in Australia, and the 300 species of Mesembryanthemum and about 500 of Erica in South Africa, that is to say in point of numbers or as a feature in the whole vegetation, except the genus Ficus. British Indian Genera of twenty-five Species and upwards. Dendrobium 158 Strobilanthes .... 146 Eugenia 131 Carex 131 Impatiens 124 Ficus 112 Habenaria 100 Panicum 92 Quercus 82 Cyperus 80 Crotalaria 77 Vitis 75 Eria 73 Astragalus 70 Polygonum 70 Bulbophyllum .... 70 Litsea 65 Begonia 64 Symplocos 64 Senecio 63 Diospyros 59 Glochidion 59 Loranthus 58 Hedyotis 57 Ipomcea 57 Pbyllanthus 56 Fimbristylis 53 Psychotria 52 Lasianthus 52 Euphorbia 52 Justicia 50 Calamus 50 Andropogon 50 Desmodium 49 Coelogyne 47 Vernonia 45 Ardisia 45 Piper ....... 45 Mallotus 45 Sonerila 43 Rhododendron .... 43 Primula 43 Jasminum 43 Rubus 41 Elseocarpus 40 Indigofera 40 Memecylon 40 Didymocarpus .... 40 Potentilla 39 Saussurea 39 Hoya 39 Oberonia 39 Leucas 38 Bauhinia 37 Ixora 37 Gentiana 37 Pedicularis 37 Liparis 37 Smilax 37 Grewia 36 Blumea 36 Ceropegia 36 Calanthe 36 Saxitraga 35 Amomum 35 Premna 34 Hibiscus 33 Nepeta 33 Pollinia 33 Plectranthus 32 Antidesma 32 Sterculia 31 Ophiorrhiza 31 Capparis 30 Garcinia 30 Swertia 30 Myristica 30 Saccolabium 30 Hedycbium 30 Scirpus 30 Baccaurea 29 Ischaemum 29 Ebermaiera 28 Aporosa 28 Salix 28 Aneilema 28 Euonymus 27 Auaphalis 27 Artemisia 27 Solanum 27 Cleistanthus 27 Croton 27 Macaranga 27 Cirrhopetalum .... 27 Osbeckia 26 Barleria 26 Cinnamomum .... 26 Juncus 26 Allium 25 Eriocaulon 26 Polyalthia 25 Argyreia 25 Pogostemon 25 Globba 25 Arissema 25 Arundinella 25 Eragrostis 25 Bambusa 25 Totals: genera 108; species 5041. From these figures it appears that about 4-8 per cent, of the total number of genera INTKODUCTION. xxv of flowering plants in the Flora of India yield nearly 37 per cent, of the total number of species. In Mexico 4-6 per cent, of the genera comprise 39 per cent, of the species ; and in Australia the amounts are about 4*64 and 37 per cent. It is unnecessary to add that most of the above genera are widely spread, and many of them common to the New World. Genera common to the widely separated areas of India and Mexico. From the relations of the average number of species to a genus in the areas under consideration to the average for the whole world, it follows that the average area of a genus must be at least double one of these areas. But there is no necessary relation between the area a genus covers and the number of species it contains, though, speaking generally, monotypes have a restricted area. Indeed, if we exclude aquatic and sea- coast plants, and such as have probably been dispersed through human agency, it is difficult to multiply instances of monotypes with a large area. The curious Cressa cretica may be cited as a possible exception *. On the other hand, the species of some large genera are concentrated in one region, as Eucalyptus in Australia, and Miconia in America. Disregarding exceptions, it may be stated that the genera and species of the northern Floras have the widest range ; those of the tropics an intermediate one, and those characteristic of the southern Floras, excluding that of the coldest zone, the most restricted range. Probably not less than 75 per cent, of the genera of the Flora of Eastern America, north of Mexico, are represented in the Old World, for in some statistics on the vegetation of the north-eastern part of the United States, drawn up by the late Dr. A. Gray more than thirty years ago f , it is shown that 63 per cent, of the then known genera were common to America and Europe, or America and eastern temperate Asia. Since that date many others have proved to be common to America and the Old World, and the rich collections made by Dr. A. Henry within the last three years in Hupeh, one of the central provinces of China, have added several conspicuous genera to the number. A careful comparison of the generic composition of the Mexican and Indian Floras reveals the fact that 581, or 25*58 per cent., of the Indian genera are likewise repre- sented in Mexico. Our own table (vol. iv. pp. 207, 208) shows that more than a third of the Mexican genera are widely dispersed, that is to say, they occur as well in two or more of the large divisions of the Old World ; and only 11 per cent, are endemic. Engler % finds that only about an eighth of the tropical dicotyledonous genera inhabit both America and some part or parts of the Old World. On the other hand, 30-5 per cent, of the Australian genera and 35*5 per cent, of the South-African are endemic. * Grisebach (Symb. ad H. Argent, p. 266) refers a second species to this genus with an extended diagnosis, t SUliman's 'Journal of Science and Art,' 2nd series, xxii. (1856) pp. ,204-231. % Versuch einer Entwicklungsgeschichte der Florengebiete, ii. p. 174. biol. CBNTE.-AMBK., Bot. Vol. I., October 1888. d xxvi INTRODUCTION. Comparing the number of endemic species of the Indian Flora with that of other parts of the world, it is somewhat surprising to discover that it is less than 2 per cent, below the Mexican, and not far below that of the Australian ; being no less than 68*67 per cent. But such statistics embrace only one class of facts, the value of which will be briefly discussed in connection with the delimitation of the primary botanical regions. On the Distribution of some of the largest Natural Orders. Attention has already been directed to the illusory nature of mere statistical com- parisons of the vegetation of different regions. In many Floras the orders richest in species are not those which give character to the scenery, or constitute the bulk of the vegetation ; and the genera are sometimes less numerous and less diversified than those of many concomitant orders less numerous in species. This is pre-eminently the case with the orchids in India. Many of the species are exceedingly rare, and local ; many are small plants with inconspicuous flowers ; and the comparatively small number of common species having large conspicuous flowers, lend colour to the vegetation rather than give character to it, and this only in certain districts. Here and there in the mountains, as we learn from travellers and residents, the rocks are clothed with orchids, and when they are in full flower form a conspicuous feature in the land- scape. In South Mexico and Central America orchids, though third in order of predominance, pervade the whole country to a greater extent ; yet here, as elsewhere, the existence of the preponderating epiphytic species depends largely on the arboreous vegetation. In Northern and Eastern India and Malaya, as in Mexico, orchids are specially abundant in the intermediate or oak region, and the numerous species of oak constitute one of the principal features in the vegetation. Lower down in the more tropical parts of India arboreous Leguminosae, Euphorbiaceae, figs, laurels, Dipterocarpeae, Anonaceae, together with Kubiaceae, Acanthaceae, Compositae, Scita- minese, Aroideae, &c, constitute the bulk of the vegetation — some of these orders, their genera, or even species predominating in one district, some in another ; but each or any of them entering more fully into the composition of the vegetation than orchids. Palms form a conspicuous feature on the coast and plains of India, where the more or less cultivated coco-nut, the palmyra (Borassus), and Phoenix sylvestris abound and cover large tracts ; but there is little variety in the prominent species ; and the order occupies the thirtieth position only by reason of the large number of species of rattan (Calamus) that inhabit the dense forests, and render them almost impenetrable. Nowhere is there anything resembling the highly diversified palm-groves of the Amazon region. In Mexico the Compositae outnumber the order next in sequence by upwards of 100 genera and 500 species, and although few of them, exceed the stature of shrubs, they grow in almost every variety of situation ; are often excessively numerous individually ; INTRODUCTION. xxvii constitute a prominent part of the vegetation, and specially characterize the dry districts. Such highly characteristic Mexican orders as the Cactacese, Labiatse (Salvia), Amaryl- lidacese (Agave and Fwrcrcea), Aroideae (Anthurium, Philodendrori), and Liliacese (Yucca and Dasyliriori) are as numerous in species as they are prominent in the scenery Turning to the Australian flora we find almost complete agreement between the numerical strength of the natural orders in species, and their degrees of domination in the composition of the vegetation. The Leguminosse stand at the head with upwards of a thousand species, including the highly characteristic phyllodineous Acacias, numbering three hundred species, and prominently pervading the whole country. Next come the Myrtacese, to which belong Eucalyptus (120 species), Melaleuca (100 species), Verticordia, Calycothrix, and Barwinia, with thirty-five species each; followed by the Proteacese (Grevillea, Hakea, Banksia), Composite (Olearia, Helichrysum), Cyperacese, Gramineae, Orchidese, Epacridese, Euphorbiaceae, Goodeniacea?, and Rutaceae. Similar conditions obtain in the Cape Flora, and a person possessing a fair knowledge of plants can, from statistics alone, form some conception of the nature and composition of the vegetation. Before leaving this part of the subject it may not be amiss to mention the fact that the vegetation of different districts of a country may present more striking diversities and much more abrupt transitions than does the whole flora of one country as compared with that of another. Within a few yards the whole character of the vegetation often changes, owing to differences in the substratum of the soil and other causes. Mr. Salvin was particularly impressed by this fact in Guatemala, where, in travelling, you often literally step from an oak-forest into a pine-forest, with the carpet and canopy (epiphytes, &c.) of vegetation equally as different in character as are the pines and oaks themselves. The Primary Botanical Regions of the World considered in their Relations to the Zoological Regions. Very various are the divisions and subdivisions of the world proposed by different botanists and zoologists who have written on the geographical distribution of plants and animals ; but the comparisons instituted here will be with the zoological regions originally defined by Dr. Sclater *, and subsequently adopted, with slight modifications, by other eminent zoologists, notably by Mr. Wallace in his very elaborate treatise on the present distribution of animals, more especially of the mammals. For convenience, his table of regions t and subregions is reproduced here, as it is more intelligible than * Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool. vol. ii. t The Geographical Distribution of Animals, 1876, i. p. 81. d2 xxviii INTRODUCTION. a brief description of them would be; and where it is necessary the exact boundaries will be indicated in any comparisons made. Wallace's Table of Zoological Regions and Subregions. Eegions. Subregions. Kemarks. I. Pal^arctic 1. North Europe. 2. Mediterranean (or S. Europe). Transition to Ethiopian. 3. Siberia. Transition to Nearctic. 4. Manchuria (or Japan). Transition to Oriental. II. Ethiopian 1. East Africa. Transition to Palsearctic. 2. West Africa. 3. South Africa. 4. Madagascar. III. Oriental 1 . Hindostan (or Central India). Transition to Ethiopian. 2. Ceylon. 3. Indo-China (or Himalayas). Transition to Palsearctic. 4. Indo-Malaya. Transition to Australian. IV. Australian 1. Austro-Malaya. Transition to Oriental. 2. Australia. 3. Polynesia. 4. New Zealand. Transition to Neotropical. V. Neotropical . . . . 1. Chili (or S. Temp. America). Transition to Australian. 2. Brazil. 3. Mexico (or Trop. N. America) . Transition to Nearctic. 4. Antilles. VI. Nearctic 1. California. 2. Rocky Mountains. Transition to Neotropical. 3. Alleghanies (or East U.S.). 4. Canada. Transition to Palsearctic. Before explaining my own ideas on the primary phyto-geographical regions of the world, it may be of interest to give in outline the two latest attempts to define them, especially as one of these has been published in the form of a very elaborate atlas for educational purposes. In 1882 Dr. Engler * grouped the botanical regions of the earth, on the assumption that there existed in the Tertiary period four fundamental elements of the present vegetation, namely — the " Arctic Tertiary " element, the " Palgeotropical " element, the " Neotropical " element, and the " Old Oceanic " element, which he * Versuch einer EntwicklungsgescMchte der extrafcropischen Plorengebiete der siidlichen Hemisphare und der tropischen Gebiete, pp. 326-347. INTRODUCTION". xxix briefly defines, and then proceeds to divide the vegetation of the earth into " kingdoms, regions, provinces, zones, and districts." To give the whole of his subdivisions would occupy more space than can be afforded, and carry us beyond what is necessary in this discussion. His primary divisions are four, corresponding to his four Tertiary elements. These are : — the northern extratropical floral kingdom, the palseo tropical floral kingdom, the South-American floral kingdom, and the old oceanic floral kingdom. In conformity with English usage we will call his primary divisions regions and the secondary ones subregions ; and where we have occasion to refer to the smaller divisions, the names given above will be employed. Engler's secondary divisions are as follows : — 1. Northern Extratropical Region. Subregions: 1. Arctic; 2. Subarctic or Conifer; 3. Central Asiatic; 4. Mediter- ranean; 5. Mandshurian and Japanese; 6. North-American Pacific; 7. North-Ame- rican Atlantic. 2. Pal^otropic Region. Subregions : 1. West- African forest ; 2. African and Arabian desert ; 3. Malagassy ; 4. "Western Indian ; 5. Tropical Himalayan ; 6. East- Asiatic ; 7. Malayan; 8. Arau- caria ; 9. Polynesian ; 10. Sandwich Island. 3. South- American Eegion. Subregions: 1. Mexican Highlands; 2. Tropical American; 3. Andine; 4. Gala- pagos ; 5. Juan Fernandez. 4. Old Oceanic Region. Subregions: 1. Antarctic forest of South America ; 2. New-Zealand ; 3. Australian; 4. Kerguelen; 5. Amsterdam Island ; 6. Cape; 7. Tristan d'Acunha; 8. St. Helena. The ternary subdivisions or provinces of the Northern Extratropical Region of the above scheme are about forty ; many of them are divided into several zones, and some of them again into numerous districts. Subdivision is, for obvious reasons, not carried so far in the three other regions. I have already put on record * my objections to that part of Dr. Engler's scheme relating to oceanic islands and the " antarctic " Flora ; but I have now to deal with it as a whole. Theoretically there may be much to justify his regions ; yet it seems to me that any attempt at division based partly upon assumed, or even proved, anterior conditions, and partly on present conditions, is unsatisfactory and confusing. On this point Wallace saysf : — " Our object is to represent as nearly as possible the * Botany of the ' Challenger ' Expedition, i. Introduction, p. 50. t The Geographical Distribution of Animals, i. p. 55. xxx INTKODTJCTION. main features of the distribution of existing animals, not those of any or all past geological epochs. Should we ever obtain sufficient information as to the geography and biology of the earth in past epochs, we might indeed determine approximately what were the Pliocene, Miocene, or Eocene zoological regions ; but any attempt to exhibit all these in combination with those of our own period must lead to confusion." This objection applies with equal force to any botanical division ; and as a critical exami- nation of Engler's scheme would involve the discussion of questions beyond the scope of the present inquiry, it is sufficient for the purpose to have brought it under notice, though it should be added that it is full of valuable matter, and has been largely utilized in the present work. The other scheme referred to above is by Dr. Drude. It was originally published in 1884 *, and again in 1887 as an independent workf. As explained in the title given below, this is a representation of the present conditions of the distribution of plants ; hence it has a greater demand on our attention. Drude divides the world into fourteen " floral kingdoms," namely — (1) Northern, (2) Central Asian, (3) Mediterranean, (4) East Asian, (5) Middle North American, (6) Tropical African, (7) East African Islands, (8) Indian, (9) Tropical American, (10) Cape, (11) Australian, (12) New Zealand, (13) Andine, (14) Antarctic. Most of these regions are subdivided, and the overlapping of the elements of different regions is indicated by lines and dots. As Drude himself remarks, we are all striving and devising with the same aim in view, and we arrive by different ways to much the same conclusions. He claims that he obtains practically the same results as Engler, but by different methods ; that Engler's scheme is, after all, based essentially on present conditions ; and says that there is far more difference in the arguments of the writers on phytogeography than there is in their deductions and cartographical illustrations. This is doubtless true to a certain extent, because there are certain facts which no student can overlook or disregard ; yet it is none the less true that one begins with four and the other with fourteen regions, and therefore there must be a wide difference in their value and extent. Engler's scheme, based upon a small number of primary regions, commends itself because these are much more nearly of equal importance than are Drude's ; but his old oceanic region is altogether inadmissible from the standpoint here taken, involving, as it does, the relegation of the Northern Island of New Zealand to one of his primary divisions and the Southern to another. A small number of primary divisions undoubtedly offers the least difficult basis for further division. Equivalent regions and subregions it is impossible to define, because * " Die Florenreiche der Erde. Darstellung der gegenwartigen Verbreitungsverhaltnisse der Pflanzen, mit 3 Karten." Erganzungsheft no. 74 zu Petermann's Mittheilungen. t Atlas der Pflanzenverbreitung. INTRODUCTION. xxxi they no more exist in nature than do absolute differential characters between many natural orders or genera of plants ; but Drude has too many and unnecessarily unequal regions. Several of them correspond, or very nearly so, to the secondary divisions of other writers, and are not unnatural in this sense ; yet we do not agree with the author in raising them to primary rank. On the other hand, his Indian region embraces tropical Asia, the whole of the Pacific Islands, from New Caledonia to the Sandwich Islands, and a large area of North Australia. It is unnecessary to dwell upon the great disparity of this region as compared with his East-African Islands region, or his New Zealand region of the same rank. With regard to the Flora of the Sandwich Islands, it is so highly specialized, and its affinities so complex, that it cannot be included in any primary region without the question arising whether it might not with equal propriety have been included in another, as will hereafter be shown. The Flora of North Australia undoubtedly contains a large tropical element consisting of species, many endemic, of Asiatic genera, or genera of wider range ; but the elimi- nation of such species as are common sea-shore plants throughout the eastern tropical region would considerably reduce this element. It is equally true that some of the orders and tribes specially characteristic of the Australian Flora are almost entirely wanting, such as the Epacridese, Rhamnacese, Myoporinese, Boroniese, the Podalyrieae, and some others ; but are these two conditions sufficiently developed to justify separation in a primary division and annexation to the eastern tropical region ? Drude appears to have separated it because it is tropical. Wherever the boundaries are drawn there will be overlapping of different elements to some extent, and a more natural boundary in this region is further north. Even if in the north-eastern coast district the com- position of the vegetation is more Asiatic in character, it is not so in the north-west. Whatever the amount of infusion of Asiatic types may be in North Australia, and whatever groups are wanting or rare, the highly characteristic Australian gum-trees (Eucalyptus) and the phyllodineous Acacias are represented respectively by twenty-five and sixty-seven species ; Proteacese by about thirty-five species ; Stylidiese and Goode- niacese combined by upwards of fifty species ; Amarantaceae by nearly sixty species ; capsular Myrtacese, exclusive of Eucalyptus, by about thirty species; and many characteristic Australian genera, such as Bodoncea and Stachhousiq, are also present, though numerically few. There seems even, less reason for including New Caledonia in the Indian region, for although the Rubiacese and sarcocarpous Myrtacese appear to be the dominating groups, yet the vegetation generally is more Australian than tropical Asiatic in character. As Baron Mueller observes *, New Caledonia is the only country outside of Australia where capsular Myrtacese are largely developed, though they include * A Lecture on the Flora of Australia, 1882, p. 16. xxxii INTRODUCTION. no species of Eucalyptus. Only fragments of the New Caledonian flora have been published, but from a rough manuscript list of New Caledonian plants contained in the Paris Herbarium, compiled by Sir Joseph Hooker twenty-five years ago, the Australasian character of the vegetation is evident. Examples are offered by such genera as Cordyline *, Diamlla, Araucaria, Frenela, Dacrydiwm, Hedycarya, Casuarina (five species), Exocarpus, Qrevillea, Cenarrhenes, Knightia, Stenocarpus, Myoporum (four species), Leucopogon (twelve species), Dracophyllum (ten species), Eibhertia (fifteen species), Pittosporum (twenty-five species), and Boronia (eighteen species). It is noteworthy that the phanerogamic flora of New Caledonia, unlike that of New Zealand, is exceedingly rich in species, yet, as in New Zealand, many characteristic Australian groups of plants are wholly wanting. The flora of New Zealand has been so exhaustively discussed by Hooker, Wallace, Engler, and others, that it is inexplicable why Drude should have raised it to the rank of a primary region. It is remarkable for its poverty and the total absence of many of the most characteristic Australian types ; yet, apart from the extraordinary development of such widely spread genera as Ranunculus, Epilobium, and Veronica, the flora is so essentially Australian that it is difficult to understand why there should be any hesi- tation in treating it as a subregion of the Australasian flora; especially by an author who would include the Sandwich Islands in the Indian region. As far as the Flora of Madagascar and adjacent islands is concerned, the reasons for regarding it as a primary region are more intelligible ; and some zoologists have pro- posed the same thing ; but recent explorations prove that it should rank as a subregion of Africa f. Although rich in endemic genera and species, it is not relatively more so probably than the Malay Archipelago or Ceylon in Asia. It is true that the small order Chlsenacese is apparently peculiar to the island, for there is little doubt that the two members of this order recorded from Mozambique were collected by Forbes on the Madagascar side of the channel of that name. Briefly, the forest flora of Mada- gascar is closely related to that of tropical Africa, while South-African forms reappear in the hill flora ; and it exhibits still closer affinities with Mauritius, Bourbon, and the neighbouring islands. Sufficient has been advanced perhaps to show that Drude's divisions are not always the best that could be devised, and that his primary divisions are too numerous, or, from another standpoint, not numerous enough to attain the nearest approach to equality. Ten years ago Mr. Thiselton Dyer % drew up a concise and pregnant sketch of the * It must not be assumed that the generic identifications hastily made are in all instances absolutely- correct. t See Baker in ' Journal of Botany,' 1881. % " A Lecture on Plant Distribution as a field for Geographical Researches^" Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society, xxii. 1878. INTRODUCTION. xxxiii geographical distribution of plants, in which he deals with both present and past con- ditions, more especially in relation to the theory of a general southward migration. He groups the Floras of the world into northern, tropical, and southern, and enters into particulars of the characters, relationships, connections, and dissimilarities of these groups. Drude groups his primary divisions in the same manner * ; and this is perhaps the most philosophical method of dealing with them, though, on account of the greater differentiation the southern Floras present, it is preferable to consider them separately — that is to say to give the Australian, African, and South-American regions the same rank as the great northern region, and treat their tropical and temperate parts as subregions of so many regions, rather than subregions of a south temperate and a tropical zone respectively. Too close an adherence to climatal primary regions leads to unnatural combinations, as has been pointed out in regard to Drude's Indian region. But before entering more fully into the limits of the primary botanical regions, Wallace's zoological regions will be briefly discussed in relation to the distribution of plants. COMPARISON OF THE ZOOLOGICAL WITH THE BOTANICAL EEGI0NS. Wallace based his zoological divisions (as tabulated, page xxviii) on the present distribution of mammals, having, after years of study and research, arrived at the con- viction that this class furnished the best foundation for the purpose. He also found that the distribution of birds and other groups harmonized sufficiently with such a division, and any anomalies or divergences in their distribution were capable of explanation by a study of the exceptional means of dispersal and conditions of existence. Still he is careful to emphasize the fact that any system of division must necessarily be more or less arbitrary and artificial, and not equally applicable to all classes of animals. Such mammals as the bats, which fly, and the oceanic mammals, which swim, possess exceptional means of dispersal, and therefore they are not taken into consideration. These exceptions and many other phenomena of distribution in the animal kingdom are paralleled in the vegetable kingdom, but no intelligible system of botanical division could be based on the distribution of any one group of plants less comprehensive than the Phanerogamia, because the large orders, such as the Com- posites or Leguminosee, comprise plants of every size, habit, and duration, inhabiting every kind of situation. As an illustration of the wide dispersal of a very large pro- portion of the natural orders of plants, the reader may be referred back to the analysis of the flora of British India, pp. xv-xxii. Generally speaking, the smaller a Flora the larger the proportions of orders and genera to the total number of species f. * Petermann's ' Geographisehe HittheilungeD,' Erganzungsheft lxxiv. p. 43. f The indigenous Phanerogamic Flora of the Bermudas, for example, is estimated at 120 species belonging to ninety-eight genera and forty-eight orders. See Botany of the ' Challenger' Expedition, i. p. 8. biol. centr.-amer., Bot. Vol. I., October 1888. e Xxxiv INTEODUCTION. Notwithstanding the different and often greater means of dispersal possessed by plants, it is surprising how very similar are the broad features of the distribution of plants and animals. Doubtless this is owing in part to interdependence ; and extensions of area of members of the two kingdoms have probably often been contemporaneous. Still, there are important divergences, and the primary regions of plants and animals cannot always be held as conterminous ; assuming, of course, that Wallace has adopted the most natural divisions that could be found. This is most strikingly exemplified in the northern floras. Wallace was able to keep separate the eastern and western hemispheres, even in the north ; and his palsarctic and nearctic regions he defends against the opinion of Huxley *, the endemic element being nearly equal in the two. On the merits of the question of one or two primary northern zoological regions it is not proposed to enter ; but such a division cannot well be sustained in the vegetable kingdom, the alternative being more than two. Dr. Asa Gray long ago f pointed out the intimate relationships existing between the floras of Japan and North America, especially eastern North America : and the rich collections from Central China received at Kew within the last two years have added considerably to the number of genera, and almost identical species, common to Eastern Asia and Eastern America, Many of these extend to the mountains of North India, and a very few farther westward ; but the affinities of the Floras of Eastern Asia and Eastern America are vastly greater than either exhibits with that of Europe. It is only in the higher latitude of North Corea and Mandshuria and northward that the vegetation bears a strong likeness to the European ; but even there the relative proportion of woody plants is much higher than in Europe J. How- ever, it seems clear that the whole north temperate and arctic flora is better considered as forming one primary botanical region, with extensions, or remains of extensions, through the mountain-chains to the Australasian Alps, Tierra del Fuego, and the mountains of Tropical Africa, with only very faint traces in South Africa §. The alternative of more than two primary northern botanical regions seems quite inadmissible ; and this is the opinion of Engler, who has also specially examined the palseontological evidence, which proves that many of the genera of E. Asia and Eastern N. America formerly existed in Europe. If more than one primary northern region be admitted, we must, like Drude, recognize five or six ; and, after all, there are no * See ' Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London,' 1868, pp. 313-319 : " the Geographical Distribution of the AlectoromorphsB," where the author suggests the propriety of two primary zoological regions, namely, a northern and a southern. As an alternative he proposes four primary regions, namely : 1. Arctogaea (practi- cally Europe, Asia, North America, and Africa) ; 2. Austro-Columbia (South and Central America) ; 3. Australasia (Australia and New Guinea to Celebes and the Philippines) ; and 4. New Zealand. f ' Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences,' n. s. vi. 1858-59 ; and more fully elaborated by Engler, ' Versuch,' i. pp. 22-43 (1879). J Maximowicz in Bull. Congr. Intern. Bot. et Hort. St. Petersb. 1884, p. 152. § Sir Joseph Hooker enters fully into the distribution of " Scandinavian Forms," Transactions of the Linnean Society, xxiii. p. 251. INTRODUCTION. xxxv sharper contrasts in the vegetation of different areas of this large region than there are in the Indian, the Australian, or any of the southern regions. The poverty in genera and species of the woody element of the European and West-American Floras and its extreme richness in the Floras of China and Japan and Eastern N. America are well known ; but with very few exceptions the genera of the former Floras are represented in the latter. As Gray remarks : — " All round the world in our zone the woods contain Pines and Firs and Larches, Cypresses and Junipers, Oaks and Birches, Willows and Poplars, Maples and Ashes, and the like " *. The distribution of many of the genera of herbaceous plants of the poorer Floras is even wider. Thus, in California, where there is an enormous development of peculiar genera of some orders, the Ranunculacese are represented by thirteen genera, whereof eleven are also British, and one other is European, and the solitary one remaining is anomalous and endemic, and has been referred to various natural orders. The Orchidacese, again, are represented by ten genera, eight of which are British. Calypso borealis is a native of Northern Europe and Siberia, and the monotypic Aplectrum ranges across the continent to the Atlantic, being the only one restricted to America. The subregions of Wallace's paleearctic and nearctic zoological regions are perhaps less in harmony with botanical subregions than those of any other part of the world. His Mediterranean and Mandshurian subregions in the Old World, and his Californian, Rocky Mountains, and Eastern United States in the New World, are, however, substan- tially identical with botanical subregions. It does not come within the scope of this sketch to examine and discuss all these subregions, but a few remarks follow on the Chinese and North-Mexican Floras, which have recently been more fully investigated. In a lecture delivered before the Royal Institution of Great Britain in 1878, and after- wards published, Sir Joseph Hooker explains the main features of the distribution of the Flora of North America, and Professor C. S. Sargent has exhaustively described and elaborately illustrated cartographically the distribution of the arboreous element f; and Mr. C. J. Maximowicz has made a valuable contribution to the botanical geography of Central Asia in a paper which has already been referred to J. In these and various other more generally known publications much new light is thrown on the nature, composition, and distribution of the vegetation of the countries under consideration. With regard to Wallace's Mandshurian or Japanese subregion, as already hinted, a corresponding botanical subregion would be differently bounded; its northern limit barely reaching Peking and its western limit not extending so far, if at all, into * " Forest Geography and Archeology," Am. Journ. Sc. xvi. (1878) p. 183. t ' Report on the Forests of North America (exclusive of Mexico).' Department of the Interior : Census Office, 1884. + " Sur les Collections botaniques de la Mongolie et du Tibet septentrional (Tangout) recueillies recemment par des voyageurs Russes et conservees a, St. Petersbourg," Bulletin du Congres International de Botanique et d'Horticulture a St. Petersbourg, 1884, pp. 135-196. e2 xxxvi INTKODUCTION. Mongolia. In the present comparatively early stage of an enumeration of Chinese plants * the data are not forthcoming to describe exactly where this subregion should be bounded, but it is warm temperate in climate, and characterized by having a very large woody element, with intimate Himalayan and Eastern North-American connec- tions. Rarity of annual plants is also strongly marked. Collections received since the publication of the parts of the ' Index ' issued have very largely augmented the num- bers of genera and species, especially of the earlier orders, which were elaborated before even the first collection came to hand. Therefore data taken from it alone are im- perfect beyond even what is known of the flora. To give some idea of the large number of species concentrated in a small area, it may be mentioned that Dr. A. Henry has collected upwards of a thousand species of flowering plants within a short distance of Ichang, and at a very moderate estimate ten per cent, of them were previously unknown. A rough analysis of the Polypetalse enumerated in the ' Index ' gives a total, exclud- ing cultivated and doubtful ones, of 1514 species belonging to 476 genera and sixty- six (out of a total of eighty-five) natural orders. Fourteen of the genera and 626 (or 4T3 per cent.) of the species are apparently endemic, but these figures do not represent the true proportions, because all the common plants of the coast districts are included, and it is very imperfect as far as regards the interior. The small number of species to a genus (about three), half the number found in the larger areas examined, has already been commented upon. The distribution of the non-endemic species in the above total, so far as it is known, is as follows : — 140 extend to Japan only ; 90 to India only ; 27 to India and Japan only ; 273 others are restricted to Asia, inhabiting some other part or parts than Japan or India, or besides Japan and India ; and the remaining 357 (nearly a quarter of the non-endemic) are of wider range. Other remarkable features in the Chinese Flora are the great latitudinal range of some of the species, and the high northern localities of some subtropical types, such as Nelumbo, Euryale, and Cedrela. The same phenomenon is exemplified in the animal kingdom. Returning to the New World, it will be seen that Wallace's Rocky Mountains subregion embraces the North-Mexican province, as roughly defined in vol. iv. pp. 139 and 306, and the country northward to about 55° lat., and from about 97° long, west- ward to the coasjt range ; thus covering the whole prairie and treeless regions, the central mountain-range, and Lower California. The corresponding botanical subregion occu- pies a similar but rather more restricted area, and it is essentially a dry one, falling into several provinces, one of which, the North-Mexican, is approximately defined and characterized in the place cited. Dr. Asa Gray and Sir Joseph Hooker seem to have had some such division in view, though they do not go the length of actually * '■ Index Morce Sinensis," Forbes and Hemsley in Journ. Linn. Soe., Bot. vol. xxiii. INTRODUCTION. xxxvn proposing subdivision beyond the three great floras, namely, the Atlantic, Central, and Pacific *. The Californian subregion, which is practically the Sierra-Nevada range and the narrow strip of country westward of it, is more highly specialized botanically than it would appear to be zoologically. The only other of Wallace's primary zoological regions which differs materially from the botanical region of the same part of the world is the Australian. This he divides into four subregions f , all of which, except the ' Austro-Malayan,' are sufficiently indicated by their names. The Austro-Malayan subregion, of which New Guinea is the centre, includes the surrounding islands and groups of islands from the Louisiade Archipelago to Timor, Lombok, Celebes, Gilolo, Admiralty, New Britain, New Ireland, and the Solomon group. There is no great change in the vegetation such as to justify the separation of Eastern Malaya and New Guinea from the India region, or Oriental region, as Wallace names it. Indeed, botanically, it is naturally a subregion of the Asiatic and not of the Australian region. It is true that a number of Australian types extend into this subregion, and a few eyen beyond ; but they form a very small per- centage, and nowhere, so far as is known, do they constitute a feature in the vegetation. Including all the common sea-shore plants, Miquel's statistics of the Malayan flora J show that less than 4"2 per cent, of the Malayan Phanerogamia are also found either in Australia or Polynesia. However, very little was then known of the vegetation of New Guinea ; but from an examination of Dr. Beccari's and Baron von Mueller's consi- derable subsequent contributions to Papuan botany, it appears that although such specially characteristic Australian genera as Eucalyptus, Acacia (phyllodineous species), Styphelia, StacJchousia, Banksia, and Grevillea are represented by one or two species each, the bulk of the Papuan vegetation is more Asiatic than Australian in character, and exceedingly rich in peculiar forms. On Outlying Australian types of Vegetation. A few words respecting the wider extensions of Australian types apart from those belonging mainly to the cold temperate region, which have been pretty fully tabulated by Hooker and Engler, and more recently by the writer §. Eucalyptus papuana and at least qne other species inhabit New Guinea [| ; E. alba, and possibly one other species, is a native of Timor ; and Blume records Eucalyptus deglupta, from the Celebes ; but the genus of this tree is very uncertain, as neither flowers nor fruit were known to the * " Vegetation of the Kocky Mountain. Region," Bulletin of the U.S. Geol. and Geogr. Survey, vi. no. 1, p. 62 ; and Sir Joseph Hooker's Lecture previously referred to. f See Table, anti, p. xxviii. + ' Flora Indise Batavae,' iii. pp. 763-773. § Botany of the ' Challenger' Expedition, i. Introduction, pp. 50-58. ij Mueller ' Eucalyptographia,' under Eucalyptus alba. xxxviii INTRODUCTION. author. With regard to Eucalyptus multiflora, Kich*, from Mindanao, one of the Philippine Islands, there is also great doubt as to the genus ; and no species of Euca- lyptus is in any of the older or the large recent collections at Kew from that archi- pelago. Therefore the range of the genus Eucalyptus, so far as it is known with absolute certainty, is from Tasmania to New Guinea and Timor, and it is essentially a warm temperate type. Acacia, on the other hand, is almost wholly tropical in its distribution outside of Australia, and the phyllodineous section, which numbers hard upon 300 species in Australia, exhibits some much wider and very remarkable exten- sions. Two or three species of this section inhabit New Caledonia and other islands of the South Pacific. Acacia richii is a native of the Fiji Islands, and specimens in- distinguishable from it have been collected in Formosa, separated by forty degrees of latitude and sixty of longitude, though it may exist and yet be found in some inter- mediate stations. Another species (A. heterophylla) is indigenous in Mauritius and Bourbon, and possibly also in Madagascarf , and the Sandwich- Island A. Tcoa is so near it that the late Mr. Bentham was of opinion that it was a form of that species J. The capsular Myrtacese, which are so specially Australian (New Zealand and New Caledonia) extend to China and the Malayan peninsula, where they are represented by one, or in some instances two or three species, of the genera Basckea, Leptospermum, Tristania, and Melaleuca. Xanthostemon, another genus of the same group, is con- fined to Australia and New Caledonia, with the exception of the Philippine Island X. verdugonianus. Stylidium is perhaps the only strictly Australian type extending into the heart of India, even to the foot of the Sikkim Himalaya. It is a genus numbering eighty-five Australian species and three Indian — one of the latter being also a native of North Australia, a second scarcely more than a variety of it, while the third is quite distinct. Leucopogon, an Australian Epacrideous genus of nearly 120 species, extends to the Philippines, yet there are only two species known from the whole Malay Archipelago. Helicia is apparently the only genus of the Proteacese extending north of New Guinea into Asia, and this, although represented in Australia, has its greatest concentration in Malaya and India — ten species being found within the limits of British India, three of which inhabit Ceylon and the Western Deccan peninsula. One species is a native of Japan, and one, or more, of South China and Formosa. Extensions of Australian types into Eastern Polynesia are relatively more numerous than into Malaya, yet they do not predominate over the other elements of these small insular floras ; and there is such an intermingling of American, Asiatic, and Australian types in the much more highly-developed Sandwich-Island Flora, that it cannot, * A. Gray, Botany U.S. Exploring Expedition, i. p. 554. t Mr. J. G. Baker informs us, on the authority of Mr. Baron, that there is a possible chance of his lately- described Acacia xiphoclada, from Madagascar, being an introduced Australian species. X In addition to A. koa, two endemic species are described in Hillebrand's lately-published ' Flora of the Hawaiian Islands.' INTEODUCTION. xxxix as already observed, justly be regarded as appertaining to any one of the great primary regions of vegetation. The characteristic endemic shrubby Compositse* and Lobeliacese are most nearly related to American forms ; Perrottetia is a Mexican and Colombian genus, and the pomaceous Osteomeles anthyllidifolia is a member of a genus all the other species of which are Andine. Nama is otherwise restricted to America; and Hillebrand regards the American Lythrum maritimum, Daucus pusillus, and Aster divaricatus (=A. exilis) as indigenous. Prominent among the Australian types and common in all the islands according to Hillebrand are : — Metrosideros polymorpha, an exceedingly variable tree or shrub scattered throughout Polynesia, eastward to Pitcairn Island, and Acacia koa, already alluded to. The Australian genera Cyathodes and Ewocarpus are also represented f. Cyrtandra, of which there are thirty-two species endemic in the Sandwich Islands, is more Malayan in character, and many other such relationships exist, besides other more remote ones in the highest mountain flora, which includes such forms as Luzula campestris, Rumex, Silene, Ranunculus, Drosera longifolia, Hydrocotyle interrupta, Fragaria chilensis, Vicia, Vaccinium, Aster, and Artemisia. Added to the foregoing elements is a sea-shore element consisting almost exclusively of species having a very wide range in the Old World ; many of them from the eastern coast of Africa or the Mascarene Islands and India to N. Australia, the Marquesas Islands and Easter Island. Further, the vegetation of the small and remote coral islands is entirely of this character. Besides the phyllodineous Acacia above alluded to, it has long been known that there were two or three other noteworthy outlying Australian types in Madagascar; but no important addition to these has been made by recent explorations. One or two species of Eibbertia (Dilleniaceae), and two or three of Rwlingia (Sterculiacese-Lasio- petalee) ; and the genus Adansonia is represented by one endemic species in Mada- gascar, one in tropical Africa, and one in North Australia. These widely-sundered areas of distribution of closely-allied forms have given rise to much speculation, and it is very problematical whether satisfactory palaeontological evidence will ever be forth- coming which will account for the existing distribution of plants. Botanical Division op the Earth into Primary Regions. From the data adduced in the preceding paragraphs, and numerous more familiar facts which it is unnecessary to repeat, it is clear that a system of botanical geography should be based upon a small number of primary regions, similar in many respects to Sclater and Wallace's zoological regions. It has been shown where the botanical regions do not even approximately coincide with the zoological regions, and to some * See Bentham in Joura. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 555. t The Madagascar plant, long supposed to be a species of Emearpus, as only foliage was known, is Neobaronia, Baker, a new genus of Leguminoste, of which flowering specimens of two species have been collected by Mr. Baron . xl INTKODUCTTON. extent also this has been done for the subregions or secondary divisions ; but it is obviously beyond the scope of the present sketch to pursue this to the end. Yet, without attempting to define secondary and further divisions of all the primary regions, it may be possible to give further particulars, which, with what has preceded, shall convey some general idea of the extensions of the characteristic types of the floras of these regions. Wallace states that nothing like a perfect zoological division of the earth is possible ; and a perfect botanical division is equally impossible. Therefore the aim is a division that conveys in itself some notion of the extent of the dispersion of the characteristic types of each region. As already pointed out, it is obvious that a botanical division cannot be based on one class of plants, equivalent, if such could be found, to the Mammalia ; but rather on the general composition of the vegetation, and largely, too, apart from latitudinal position. On this plan it is not difficult to distinguish five primary regions ; but if this number be exceeded, it must be doubled or trebled with a less satisfactory result. These five primary regions are : — 1. Northern. 4. South American. 2. African. 5. Australasian. 3. Indian. These regions are unequal in extent, and the southern divisions are meridional rather than latitudinal ; but the greater degree of differentiation of the vegetation justifies such a division ; and a natural subdivision of the northern region, excluding the arctic zone, and, perhaps, the coldest arboreal zone, is in the same direction. But these five regions do not include quite all, because, for reasons given, the Sandwich -Island Flora cannot consistently be included in any one of them ; and it would convey a false impression to rank this comparatively small, though highly peculiar Flora, as a primary region. Further, there is a remnant of an antarctic Flora which is scattered all round the hemisphere, constituting the coldest southern zone of vegetation. These exceptional phanerogamic Floras will be separately discussed. An alternative primary division, which is more in accord with the writings of many botanists, and has some practical advantages over the one proposed, may be thus stated : — 1. Northern Region. 2. Neotropical Region. 3. Palseotropical Region. 4. Andine Region. 5. Cape Region. 6. Australasian Region. The anomalous Sandwich-Islands Flora and the fragmentary Antarctic Flora would be unattached in this, as in the foregoing plan. It is unnecessary to define these alternative regions, as their denominations are sufficiently descriptive to be intel- ligible. One of the advantages this division possesses over the one advocated, or rather the one point in which it radically differs, is the separation of the tropical and temperate INTEODTJCTION. xli Floras in the primary regions of the southern hemisphere. Elsewhere reasons are given for treating the Cape and Andine Floras as subregions of more extended areas. Another important difference is the retention of three south temperate regions against one north temperate region, which brings out more prominently the greater differen- tiation of the vegetation of the southern hemisphere. Practically the plan proposed in this sketch recognizes and deals with these facts, although it does not bring them into direct contrast. There is yet another way of treating the subject, one that obviates the necessity for defined regions and subregions, and one that may be effectively employed for conveying an idea of the broad features of the distribution of plants : it is by grouping the Floras into northern, tropical, and southern, as was done by Thiselton Dyer in the lecture on the geography of plants, which has been referred to before. Some further justification of the plan here adopted will now be attempted, but it is not intended to recapitulate well-known facts and traverse familiar ground. The inten- tion is rather to bring together some facts and data additional to those collected in the Appendix, or adduced in the preceding paragraphs of the present sketch. The Northern Region. This corresponds very closely to Wallace's Arctic and Palsearctic regions combined, and is adopted for reasons already sufficiently explained ; the close relationship of the Floras of Eastern Asia and of North America, especially eastern, than of either of these and the European being the principal reason. A rough subdivision of this region gives eight subregions, namely : — an Arctic, a North and Mid-European and Central Asian, a Mediterranean, a Chino-Japanese, and in America a continuation of the Arctic, a boreal, an Atlantic, a Central, and a Pacific subregion. In the Old World we find that the vegetation of North and Central Europe extends to the extreme east of Asia, associated there with an endemic element, which increases so much in China, south of about the fortieth parallel, and in Japan, as to constitute of these countries a distinct subregion, exceedingly rich in trees and shrubs — richer even than the Atlantic subregion of North America. The transition from the Chinese Flora to that of a more European character is very sudden on entering Mandshuria, where probably in some districts fifty percent, of the species are European. Maxim owicz gives* some interesting figures illustrating the gradual diminution of the absolute numbers and percentages of species having a wide area — that is circumpolar, or common to both Europe and Asia. Thus in Baikal-Dab uria the figures are 747 species, =53-4 per cent. ; in Mongolia 599 species, =46-2 per cent.; in Mandshuria 533 species, =39-6; Peking district, 318 species, = 31*9 per cent.; Japan, 442 species, =16-2 per cent. The percentages of endemic species in these five areas are respectively 9-4, 8*3, 8-7, 13*3, and 44*0. Maximowicz comments on the great fall in the percentage of the endemic element passing from * Bull. Congr. Intern. Bot. Hort. Petersb. 1884, p. 164. biol. CENTR.-AMBK., Bot. Vol. I., October 1888. f xlii INTRODUCTION". Japan to the continent. This is so in the latitude of Peking ; but the more southern province of Hupeh, for instance, would show a much higher percentage than Peking, and possibly even higher than Japan, inasmuch as the Polypetalse of the whole of China proper, so far as known*, contain 41"34 per cent, of endemic species, and there is no doubt that the further exploration of the interior provinces will materially raise this percentage. Maximowicz very elaborately analyses the affinities of the endemic species in the areas named, from which it appears that it is only in Japan that there is a considerable development of endemic species of what he terms the Chinese type. On the other hand, the " levantine type " is apparent in 13*9 per cent, of the endemic species of Mongolia. To be brief, Maximowicz sums up this question in words to the effect that the plants of the plains of Northern and Central Europe constitute the greater part of the flora eastward to the Pacific coast, if not in identical forms, at least by forms , connected by intermediates with European species f. It would carry us too far to attempt to give the exact eastern limits of the Mediter- ranean region in Asia, as it would involve a discussion of the vegetation of the various provinces of this subregion. The southern limits of the northern region in the Old World may be indicated approximately as the tropics, varying in different longitudes. It includes the alpine and temperate Flora of the Himalayas, and in Africa it extends to the Great Atlas $. The subregions of the northern region in the New World are five, namely : — Arctic, Boreal, Atlantic, Central, and Pacific, which may be roughly defined. Briefly the Arctic is a continuation of the same subregion in the Old World ; the Boreal is a westward extension of the hardier elements of the Atlantic subregion, and perhaps better regarded as a province of it ; the southern or Mexican province of the Central subregion is fully described in the Appendix ; and further particulars of the characteristics of the whole Eocky-Mountain Flora will be found in the joint essay, by the late Dr. A. Gray and Sir Joseph Hooker, previously cited. The distribution of the North- American Flora generally is admirably summarized by the latter §, who distinguishes the Sink country between the Bocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada as a separate Flora, while admitting that cacti and yucca attain their maximum development further south in the same meridian. Professor Sargent describes his northern forest-region as extending southward to the fiftieth parallel on the Atlantic coast and to the fifty-fourth at the hundredth meridian || . * "Index Morse Sinensis," Journ. Linn. Soc. xxiii. f In a recent collection of about 500 species, made in Mandshuria by Mr. H. E. M. James, nearly a third axe British species (see ' Proceedings of the Eoyal Geographical Society,' 1887, p. 548). % For an account of the vegetation of these mountains consult Hooker and Ball's ' Tour in Morocco ' 1878. § Proceedings of the Eoyal Institution of Great Britain, 1878. || Beport on the Forests of North America, p. 3. INTRODUCTION. xliii Allusion has been made to the southward extension of elements of the Flora of the northern region through the great mountain-ranges to the southern limits of vegetation, and indications where there are remains of it on the mountains within the tropics and in south temperate countries. Sir Joseph Hooker's reports on the vegetation of Clarence Peak, Fernando Po, of the Cameroons mountains, and of Kilima-njaro are among the most important of the later contributions to the literature of this subject *. The African Region. The phytogeographical essays last referred to afford some most interesting details of the relationships and apparent migrations of the components of the vegetation of the great African region, which is here understood to comprise the whole of Tropical and South Africa, Madagascar, Mauritius, Bourbon and the contiguous groups of islets, and the Cape Verde Islands — Madeira and the Canaries being regarded as a province of the Mediterranean subregion of the Northern region. Ascension, St. Helena, Tristan da Cunha, and Amsterdam and St. Paul Islands, though presenting some curious anomalies in their vegetation, may be regarded as appanages of the African region, or they might be left unattached to any primary region. Excepting the Compositse, the affinities of the flora of St. Helena are distinctly African ; and Phylica nitida, the only tree, or even shrub more than a trailer, in the other two groups of islands, is Mascarene f. Instead of arctic and temperate climates there are in this region tropical and temperate climates ; yet botanically, as well as geographically, this is one of the most compact of the primary regions, and naturally divides into three subregions, namely: — Tropical Africa, South Africa, and Madagascar and adjacent islands. Eastern and Western tropical Asia should only be regarded as provinces of one Flora, as will presently be demonstrated. Besides remote connections with the Northern, American, and Australasian regions, there is a very intimate connection of the African with the Indian region, traceable from the Cape up the eastern side of the continent to Abyssinia and by way of Socotra, Southern Arabia, Persia, and Afghanistan to the Panjab and Gangetic plain, and less distinctly southward into the Deccan peninsula, with a few extensions into the Malayan peninsula and archipelago ; and notwithstanding the presence in the Madagascar sub- region of such eminently Asiatic types as Nepenthes, Lagerstrcemia, and a few others hitherto not found in continental Africa, it is evident that the interchange between Africa and Asia is far greater than between Madagascar and Asia, whether we con- sider tropical or temperate types. As might be expected, among the species common to India and Africa, those characteristic of a dry climate largely preponderate. On this * See Journ. Linn. Soc, Bot. vi. p. 1, ?ii. p. 171, xw. p. 141, and xxi. p. 392. f For a full account of the botany of these islands, see Botany of the ' Challenger' Expedition, i. part 2, and Introduction. f2 xliv INTEODUCTION. point Dr. Schweinfurth and Dr. Bayley Balfour's botanical investigation of the island of Socotra furnishes conclusive data, collected by the latter *. About one third of the species of flowering plants of Socotra are endemic ; and a third are species belonging to tropical Africa and tropical Asia. Exclusive of species having a wider area, about eighty-five of the species of dicotyledons are common to Africa and Asia, though comparatively few of them penetrate India eastward of Scindh. The affinities of the entire Flora of Socotra are essentially tropical African and tropical Asian, but the African element predominates, and is mainly composed of the features of the Flora of the mountainous region of Abyssinia, with an in- fusion of West-African, South-African, and Madagascar types. Among South-African types are Graderia, BaUana, Thamnosma, Lasiocorys, and Euryops, of which the first two are not known to be represented in the intervening country. In this connection it may be mentioned that Dr. Aitchison discovered in Afghanistan the very distinct Fingerhuthia, a genus of grasses previously known only from South Africa. It was one of the most abundant grasses between Thai and Shinak in the lower Kurram valley, and presents no obvious characters to separate it specifically from F. africana, though Boissier has described it as a different species f . As in the Madagascar flora, so in the Socotran, there are a very few isolated types whose nearest allies are in the New World. Balfour specially notices his new mono- typic genera Dirachma (Geraniacese) and Coelocarpus (Verbenaceae) as belonging to this category. The three or four Turneracese in Madagascar, the arboreous Mathurina of the same order in Rodriguez, and Bavenala madagascariensis are other examples; yet this element is by no means so prominent in the flora as it would appear to be in the fauna, judging from Wallace's remarks thereon J. To include the whole of tropical Africa in one subregion is unusual, but the facts seem to warrant this course, and the next division should be into several provinces. Interruptions in the continuity of the vegetation there are, and the forests of the eastern side of the continent are probably nowhere so rich as those of Guinea ; but their composition is essentially the same. Taking the first volume of Oliver's ' Flora of Tropical Africa,' which is, of course, exceedingly fragmentary, it would appear that about one fifth of the species there enumerated are common to both sides of the con- tinent ; but subsequent investigations leave no doubt that the proportion is really much higher. Engler § has analyzed the composition of the flora of tropical Africa as far as published in the work cited, namely the Polypetalse and the Gamopetalee to the end of the Ebenacese ; but the results can only be used in respect to the general relationships. The Leguminosse rank first and the Compositae next in regard to number of species. * Proceedings of the Eoyal Institution of Great Britain, 1883, and Transactions of the Eoyal Society of Edinburgh, vol. xxxi. t ' Flora Orientalis,' v. p. 569. t ' Island Life,' p. 420. § Versuch, ii. p. 276. INTRODUCTION. xlv Very small areas have, however, been thoroughly investigated botanically ; hence we are far from knowing the extent and degree of richness of the flora. From Engler's tabulation of Oliver's enumeration it appears that there is in W. Africa a larger proportion of endemic species, and fewer widely dispersed genera, than in E. Africa, and that there are about as many genera otherwise only represented in Madagascar and the neighbouring islands as there are in E. Africa. Further, W. Africa has more genera in common with tropical Asia than has E. Africa, which might be held as a sufficient ground for following Eugler and others in regarding the tropics of the Old World as a primary region. Among Asiatic species discovered in Angola by Dr. Welwitsch was the remarkable Naregamia alata (Meliaceae), previously only known from the Deccan peninsula of India. West Africa is relatively rich in genera otherwise restricted to America, though these are mostly represented by one or very few species. Many of them have seeds or fruits that float and bear long immersion in sea-water without injury, hence their presence in Africa may be due to oceanic currents ; others may have been introduced with ballast. But after eliminating all these, there remain many remarkable connections between the two floras which are not so easily explained *. Gustav Mann's botanical exploration of the temperate regions of the Cameroons Mountains in 1861 and 1862 resulted in some remarkable revelations published by Sir Joseph Hooker f. Nearly all the genera and half of the species are common to the mountains of Abyssinia, and one of the genera and many of the species are not found elsewhere. The number of European genera represented in this flora of fifty-six genera and 237 species found at elevations above 5000 feet is forty-five ; thirty-eight of the genera and twenty-seven of the species are British. The South-African element is a small one, and consists almost wholly of species which also inhabit Abyssinia ; it includes the genera Anthospermum, Blceria, Ericinella, Peddiea, and Geissorhiza. Returning to Engler's summary, the much greater development of the Mediterranean forms is one of the most striking characteristics of the Flora of Eastern Africa, where they meet and intermingle with South- African types. More recently the mountains of eastern tropical Africa have been explored and the results given to the world J. Mr. Thomson's Kilima-njaro and other mountain collections, more particularly referred to here, consist of 140 species belonging to 107 genera, and add no fewer than nine northern genera to the equatorial-African Flora. Altogether they contain twenty- seven genera and thirty-seven species of a northern type ; and the rest are almost exclusively South- African in character, some of the species being identical — Calodendron capense, Clematis thunbergiana, and Al&pidea amatymbica, for example. In Angola * See Engler, ' Versuch,' ii. pp. 176-179. f Journal of the Linnean Society, Bot. vii. pp. 171-240. X See Journ. Linn. Soc, Bot. xxi. pp. 392-406, and Trans. Linn. Soc. 2nd ser., Bot. ii. pp. 327-355, tt. 60-63, Sir Joseph Hooker and Professor Oliver. xlvi INTEODTTCTION. such South-African types as Faurea (Proteacese), Selaginese, Cyrtandrese, Ericaceae, Mesembryanthemwm, and Aloe were encountered by Welwitsch *. The Cape subregion must be dismissed with a reference to the latest essay on the composition and subdivision of its vegetation f . The relationships of the Madagascar subregion to tropical and South Africa have been discussed mainly from data extracted from Mr. Baker's published contributions to this rich Flora J, and he has kindly permitted the use of some additional facts taken from his unpublished catalogue of the known flowering plants of the island. The number of species is about 3650, belonging to 1000 genera and 141 orders. This number represents probably less than half the flora of Madagascar ; but it may be regarded as a fair sample, consisting partly of the upland or Cape element and partly of the low- land or tropical forest element. The twelve largest orders are : — §Leguminosse §Compositse . Euphorbiacese Orchidese . Rubiacese . Cyperacese . Genera. 81 59 39 38 56 22 Species. 352 261 207 169 138 129 Acanthacese Gramineae . Urticacese . Tiliacese Labiatse Sterculiacese Genera. 25 45 20 6 18 10 Species. 117 110 73 72 56 55 Totals . . 419 1739 Ten of these orders are among the first twelve in the Indian Flora, though occupying relatively very different positions, and the other two, Tiliacese and Sterculiacese (replacing Asclepiadese and Eosacese), are brought into this position by the very large number of species of Grewia and Dombeya. Eighteen orders are represented by only one species each, and thirty-five others by twenty species and upwards. Of the endemic order, Chlsenacese, seven genera and twenty-two species have been defined. The Ternstrce- miacese afford an example of a widely spread order poorly represented both in Africa and Madagascar, whence only one species is recorded. Among characteristic South- African genera in Madagascar are Ericinella, Philippia, Selago, Aloe, Aristea, Geissorhiza, Gladiolus, Faurea, Alectra, Harveya, Disa, Satyrium, Lasiosiphon, Phylica, and Antho- spermum. It is singular, too, that the solitary known Madagascar species of the genera Viola, Geranium, and Drosera occur in the mountains of tropical Africa, and the Drosera also in South Africa, though none is known to have a wider range. Sufficient evidence has perhaps been adduced to justify the course of treating the whole of tropical and South Africa and the Mascarene islands as a primary region, divisible into three subregions. * " Sertum Angolense," Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. t " A Sketch of the Flora of South Africa," by H. Bolus. A reprint from the ' Official Handbook to the Cape of Good Hope,' 1886. X See Journ. Linn. Soc. xv., xvi., xviii., xx., and xxi., and Journ. Bot. 1881 (phytogeographical), 1882, 1884. § The same position as in the whole of tropical Africa. INTRODUCTION. xlvii Conspicuous among orders absent from the African region are the Cupuliferae *, the characteristic order of trees of the northern region, and hardly less so of the mountains of tropical Asia (extending southward to New Guinea, though not south of the Ganges in Western India), and of the mountains of Mexico and Central America, extending nearly to the equator (Quercus), reappearing both in the American and Australasian regions in the extreme south (Fagus). Other notable orders or tribes unrepresented in the African region are : — Magnoliacese, Acerinese (Maples), Pomacese, Hydrangeae, Cornacese, Caprifoliacese, Vacciniaceae, Ehodoracese (Rhododendron), and Abietinese. There is also a very much smaller development of such essentially tropical orders as the Myrtacese, Aroideee, and Palmse than in either the Indian or the South-American region. On the other hand, the northern genus Erica, which covers thousands of square miles in Europe with very few species, is represented by hundreds of species in a comparatively small area in South Africa. Such anomalies occur in nearly all Floras : take the genera Ranunculus, JEpiloMum, and Veronica in New Zealand, for instance, where combined they constitute eight or nine per cent, of the flowering plants. The Indian Region. This, it is assumed, should include the whole of Wallace's " Oriental " zoological region and those portions of his Australasian region indicated in a previous paragraph (p. xxxvii), and Western Polynesia. Indeed the whole of Polynesia, except the Sand- wich Islands, might be included. It is not intended to discuss the subdivision of this region, as the collection and examination of the data would involve great labour. New Guinea and some of the adjacent islands to the west, and those eastward to the Fiji group, constitute a distinct subprovince. Whether the remainder of the Malayan Archipelago should, with the Malayan Peninsula and Cochin China, all be included in one subpro- vince is not quite so certain. Some parts are exceedingly rich in endemic species and proportionately in genera, while others, the Philippines for example, are remarkably poor in endemic generic types, for only six genera in upwards of 1000 are endemic. It is here, too, that the highest proportion exists of monocotyledons to dicotyledons in any Flora of considerable extent of which there are available statistics, it being as 1 to 1*57 f. Further materials will probably modify these figures, though not perhaps to any great extent. Miquel records some statistics J of the Flora of the Malayan Archipelago, but as he took a much more restricted view of genera and species, especially of the latter, than the other authorities cited, they will only serve for approximate comparisons. The twelve natural orders most numerous in species are : — 1, Leguminosse, 676 ; 2, Orchidese, 616 ; * Even in the wide sense of Bentham and Hooker, for although the European Alnus glutinosa is now widely spread in South Africa, it is perhaps beyond doubt that it was introduced by man. t E. A. Eolfe in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. p. 292. X ' Flora IndisB Batavse,' iii. p. 768. xlviii INTRODUCTION. 3, Eubiacese, 594; 4, Urticacese, 448; 5, Gramineae, 430; 6, Euphorbiacese, 265;. 7, Acanthacese, 257; 8, Composite, 250; 9, Laurinese, 234; 10, Palmse, 234; lly Melastomacese, 224; 12, Myrtacese, 215. The total number of phanerogams is set down as 9118 species; and the monocotyledons and dicotyledons are as 1 to 3*5. It should be added that Miquel's enumeration is very far from complete for many of the islands. Sufficient particulars have been given of the botany of British India as a whole, and it is not intended attempting to characterize the subregions. It may be mentioned in passing, however, that Malayan types have penetrated to the flank of the Himalayas and traversed the Deccan peninsula to Ceylon. Thwaites, who enumerates upwards of 2600 phanerogams in Ceylon *, states that the hill Flora resembles very much that of the Neilgherries ; in the humid south it is more akin to that of the Malay Archipelago, and in the dry north it is very nearly identical with that of the Coromandel coast. The supposed special relationships between the Flora of the Deccan peninsula of India and those of Madagascar and tropical Africa alluded to by many writers, are probably not greater than those existing between the African region and Malaya. The South- American Region. The data brought together in the Appendix relative to the composition and the distribution of the Flora of Central America and Mexico f demonstrate very clearly that, apart from the peculiar Mexican element and the southward extensions of northern types, there are two other distinct elements, namely, the Andine and the Tropical, answering to the two subregions of the South-American region. Though only two subregions are recognizable, the development of the types characteristic of each of these subregions varies very much in different areas. Thus, Chili, considered as a province of the Andine subregion, has Californian connections, and wants some of the most characteristic and universal of South-American types, while others attain their maximum development in this province. These peculiarities are chiefly due to the varying amounts of heat and moisture in different districts. Similar conditions produce similar results in some districts east of the Andes. How far many of the characteristic types are generally spread in the South-American region, and within * ' Enumeratio Plantarum Zeylaniee.' t Polakowsky, H., " Die Pflanzenwelt von Costa Eica '' (16 Jahresb., Ver. Erdk. Dresden, 1879, pp. 26-124 mit einer pflanzengeogr. Earte), Just. Bot. Jahresb. viii. (1880), 2, pp. 502-506. In this paper, previously overlooked, the author gives a sketch of the composition and physiognomies of the vegetation, and brings together all the data afforded by his own collections and professedly those of (Ersted, Warscewicz, "Wagner Scherzer, Wendland, and Hoffmann. He tabulates the number of species of the natural orders, and his totals are :— Monocotyledons 209, Dicotyledons 748 = 957, or 129 less than our total (Vol. IV. p. 218). But the total is made up in a very different way. Thus, Polakowsky enumerates 127 Composite against our 100, and only 57 Orchideae against our 210. INTRODUCTION. xlix what limits others are restricted, may be gathered from the various tables and para- graphs in the Appendix, more especially from those paragraphs on the distribution of the more prominent natural orders (vol. iv. pp. 235 to 282), and from the analysis of a sample of the mountain vegetation (p. 298) ; but it may be of interest to illus- trate this further by a few examples, selecting such groups as are spread over the tropical, or subtropical, and temperate parts of the country. Foremost among the types not extending into Chili are the Melastomacese ; but their absence can hardly be explained by climatal conditions alone. The large genus Cuphea, which ranges from the south-eastern states of North America to Uruguay and Chili, is represented in the last country by only one species (C. spicata), which covers nearly the whole area of the genus. Fuchsia extends from Mexico to Magellan's Straits, is represented in San Domingo by two species, and by three or four species in Brazil, and it reappears in New Zealand. The Turneracese are essentially temperate and sub- tropical plants of the western side of the continent, yet there are a few species in Brazil and Buenos Ayres. The specially characteristic Cactacese are spread all over South America and the West Indies, though they do not inhabit all districts. Their northern extensions are given in detail in the fourth volume, page 247. The Brome- liacesB are spread all over South and Central America and the West Indies, and penetrate the south-eastern states of North America. The more tropical Cyclanthaceae, Marcgraviacese, Vocbysiacese, and Myrtacese-Lecythidese are mainly eastern South American, though they are also represented in Central America ; and the distribution of such genera as Tropceolum, Baccharis, Coccoloba, Lacistema, Eoupala, Lisianthus, Eyptis, Philodendron, Anthurium, Brassia, Dichcea, Epidendrum, Oncidium, and many others proves that we have to deal with one large primary region. Epiphytal orchids generally are local, or occupy relatively small geographical areas, yet many of the American species have a considerable range. A list of thirty Mexican species with their distribution is given in the fourth volume of this work (p. 270), and it may be added here that about eighty of the Mexican species extend to the West Indies, and upwards of 100 to South America, many of the species being the same in the three areas, as is apparent from the fact that 800 out of 938 are endemic in Mexico. So far as the distribution is known, a larger number of the Mexican species reach Brazil than Peru. Approximately the numbers are : — Colombia (New Granada and Ecuador) seventy-five species ; Peru twenty-two ; Guiana forty-five ; and Brazil thirty-six *. Wallace divides his neotropical zoological region, which corresponds to our South- American region, into four subregions, namely a Mexican, an Antillean, a Brazilian, * In the discussion on the northern limits of epiphytal orchids in Mexico (vol. iv. p. 269) the improbability of Mdracyllium gemma and Odontoglossvm madrense. being North Mexican was advanced, though in conse- quence of the habitat being given as Sierra Madre they were so recorded. It appears, however (Veitch, Odontoglossum, p. 51), that they were found in the neighbourhood of Colima, in about 19° N. lat., and far from the Sierra Madre, in Durango, where Seemann collected. biol. centr.-amer., Bot. Vol. I., October 1888. g 1 INTKODUCTION. and a Chilian. From what has preceded it is evident that such a division would not satisfactorily indicate the leading features of the distribution of plants, as there are only two distinct elements, the andine and tropical, both represented at different altitudes in several of the provinces. A better botanical division is an Andean subregion (which merges into the North Mexican and Californian to the north and into the Antarctic in the south) and a Tropical subregion, both divisible into several provinces. In conclusion, reference may be made to a statistical account of the Andine Flora of Ecuador *, and to Mr. Ball's recent work t, in which he suggests that the ancient mountains of Brazil formed a great centre of development of plant life. The Australasian Region. This includes the whole of Australia and the adjacent islands, which may be sub- divided into a south-western and a north-eastern subregion; and New Caledonia and New Zealand, which constitute other subregions. The remote connections with the American Andine flora are reviewed in the Appendix (vol. iv. p. 234), and in the description further on of the Antarctic Flora. Reasons for including New Caledonia and New Zealand in this region are given in the discussion of Drude's botanical and Wallace's zoological divisions of this part of the world \. It may be of interest to add here a few statistics of the vegetation of two or three definite areas of the Australasian region. Tasmania. (After Mueller §.) Orders. Genera. Species. Dicotyledones 72 257 662 Monocotyledones .... 15 99 272 Gymnospermeae 1 7 11 88 363 945 Extratropical South Australia. (After E. Tate ||.) Orders. Genera. Species. Dicotyledones 78 365 1244 Monocotyledones .... 16 113 322 Gymnospermese 2 2 3 96 480 1569 * Dressel, L., Charakteristik des eucadorianischen Pflanzenschatzes : Natur und Offenbarung, xxvii., 1881. Abstract in Just's Bot. Jahresb. x. 1882, pp. 435-441, including a table of the number of species of each natural order. Cultivated or introduced plants appear to be counted with the others, as he has one Kesedaceae. t ' Notes of a Naturalist in South America' (1887), Chapter vi. t See pp. xxxi and xxxvii. § Census of the Plants of Tasmania. || Transactions of the Philosophical Society of Adelaide, 1880. INTRODUCTION. li New Zealand. (After Engler *.) Orders. Genera. Species. Dicotyledones ..... 74 207 697 Monocotyledones .... 12 94 241 GymnospermeBe 1 5 17 87 306 955 The smallness of the numbers of genera and species strikes one most, especially on comparison with those for the whole of Australia or with those of other areas. That this is not altogether attributable to insularity is clear from the richness of the Flora of New Caledonia, computed at 3000 species of phanerogams f. Japan, of similar extent, and lying in about the same latitudinal position in the north that New Zealand occupies in the south, shelters nearly a hundred more genera of flowering plants than there are species in New Zealand, and about three times as many species. Flora of the Sandwich Islands. Wallace treats this as a subregion of his Australian region ; Drude regards it as a part of his Indian region; while Engler makes it a province of his ' Pakeotropical Floral Kingdom.' Considering the complexity of the affinities of the flora and its extent, and the fact that no element largely predominates over the others, it seems desirable to leave it unattached, without, however, giving it the rank of a primary region. Could Engler's ' Ancient Oceanic Floral Kingdom ' (which includes the Antarctic forest region of South America, the Southern Island of New Zealand and outlying islets, extratropical Australia, the Cape, Kerguelen, Amsterdam, Tristan da Cunha, St. Helena, and Ascension Islands) be regarded as a satisfactory solution of a difficult problem, the Sandwich Islands should be referred to this rather than to the Indian region ; but the basis of such an arrangement is altogether too hypothetical from our standpoint, and it brings together the most diverse Floras. As Hillebrand remarks J, the Sandwich Islands are the only Polynesian group which contain a large number of indigenous plants of American affinities. In a previous paragraph (p. xxxix) examples are given of the more striking genera or species of the different elements of this highly interesting Flora ; and Engler's tabular view of the Flora and its affinities affords much fuller information § on this point. Engler's enumeration contains 669 species of vascular plants, of which he estimates 500, or 74-6 per cent., to be endemic. The recently published ' Flora,' cited below, of the late Dr. W. Hillebrand, who spent twenty years in the islands, has increased this number by nearly 200 species, nearly all of them endemic. His summary is here reproduced. * Versuoh, &c. ii. p. 84. f Brongniart, in Ann. Sc. Nat. 5me serie, 1865, p. 187. t Flora of the Hawaiian Islands, Introduction, p. xxix. § Versuch, ii. pp. 104-131. g2 lii INTKODUCTTON. Summary of the Flora of the Sandwich Islands. (After Hillebrand.) Species* Of aboriginal introduction. Of recent introduction. Endemic. Original. Total. Dicotvledones 13 11 24 0 24 92 23 115 0 115 500 74 574 79 653 584 121 705 155 860 689 155 844 155 999 Monocotyledones Phanerogamia Cryptogamia Vasculares .... Totals The 860 species of vascular plants regarded as indigenous belong to 265 genera, being as 3-25 to 1, or about half that in large continental areas such as Mexico, Australia, and British India. Notwithstanding this low average number of species to a genus, the most striking feature in the flora is the large number of species of many of the endemic genera. Thus, Schiedea (Caryophyllaceae), 17; Kadua (Rubiacese), 13; Cler- montia (Campanulacese), 11 ; Cyanea (Campanulaceae), 28 ; and Stenogyne (Labiatse), 17. Further the Polynesian genera Pelea (Rutacese) and Phyllostegia (Labiatae) are repre- sented by 20 and 16 species respectively, and Cyrtandra by 29 species *. Of the indigenous species 81-4 per cent, are endemic — a proportion exceeded in no other Flora of the same extent, perhaps, except that of West Australia, in which it is 85 per cent. Ninety-five orders of Phanerogamia are represented; and the proportion of Mono- cotyledones to Dicotyledones is as 1 to 4*8, or higher than might have been expected ; but the former consist largely of Glumiferse, petaloid monocots being rare, and orchids are represented by only three terrestrial genera, and one endemic species of each genus. The question arises whether any of the other islands or groups of islands in the Pacific can appropriately be associated with the Sandwich Islands. The connection with the other Pacific islands beyond the sea-coast and Australian elements is so very slight that the Sandwich Islands stand almost completely isolated. Nadeaud f describes a plant from Tahiti which he refers to Phyllostegia, otherwise exclusively belonging to the Sandwich Islands ; Sclerotheca arhorea (Campanulacese), also a native of the Society Islands, is said to be more nearly related to the American genus Siphocampylus than it is to the endemic genera of the Sandwich Islands^; Fitchia, the only genus of Compo- * Thirty-two according to Clarke's monograph, overlooked by Hillebrand. t Enume'ration des Plantes Indigene de l'lle de Tahiti, p. 56. t Bentham and Hooker, Gen. PI. ii. p. 548. INTEODUCTION. liii sitse peculiar to the Society Islands, is related to the Sandwich Islands genera only in the sense of belonging to the same tribe (Helianthoidese), which is eminently American ; Pelea is represented in the Navigators Islands. These are practically all the outside affinities with the peculiar element of the Sandwich Islands flora. The smaller islands possess no endemic plants ; and even the Marquesas are almost destitute of an endemic element * ; and the vegetation of all the other groups of islands of Eastern Polynesia is much more largely Malayan in character. Nadeaud includes nineteen species of orchids in his enumeration of the plants of Tahiti, amongst them half a dozen epiphytal species of the genera Bolbophyllum and Dendrobium. Seventy-nine orders of Phanerogamia are represented by about 500 species collectively ; but the fragmentary character of the Flora may be estimated from the fact that thirty-three of the orders are represented by only one species each. Taking all the facts into consideration, the remainder of Polynesia may be included in the Indian region. The Fragmentary Antarctic Flora. We retain the designation " Antarctic," first employed by Forster and adopted by Hooker f , for the coldest southern Flora, although it is not geographically an admis- sible term. There can be little doubt that the present scattered and isolated fragments, forming the fringe of the southern limits of phanerogamic vegetation, constitute the remnant of a Flora formerly covering a more extensive area, probably in a higher lati- tude. The surviving portion is poor, but from its uniform composition it is probably of remote origin J. Northern species are associated with such as now exist only in the south, and the same species occur in the scattered fragments of vegetation all round the hemisphere. It includes the Auckland, Campbell, and Macquarie Islands, Macdonald (Heard), Kerguelen, Crozets, and Prince Edward Islands, South Georgia and the Falkland Islands, Fuegia (Tierra del Fuego) and a small portion of South-western Patagonia. It is true that the vegetation of the Auckland group and Campbell Island is essentially New Zealand in character and relatively rich, while that of the Falkland Islands is almost wholly Fuegian ; yet there is a stronger common element than was apparent when Sir Joseph Hooker wrote his ' Flora Antarctica.' In the fourth volume page 234, are tabulated the more striking connections between the Australasian and Antarctic Floras and that of the mountains of Mexico ; and in the Botany of the ' Challenger ' Expedition is summarized all that was known of the Botany of the Antarctic Region, and the relationships of the Australian and American Floras §. Since * See Jardin and Jouan in Mem. Soc. So. Nat. Cherbourg, iv. 1856 and xi. 1865. t Flora Antarctica, 1844-47. J In a recent communication from Dr. H. P. Guppy he suggests that the vegetation of these remote islands is due to the agency of birds. Admitting the probability of such a thing, it must have happened very long ago, and not altogether in the direction indicated by him, or how is the endemic element to be accounted for ? See ' Nature,' xxxviii. p. 40. § Introduction, pp. 50-65, and pt. 2, pp. 133-281. liv INTEODUCTION. this was done the Germans have botanically explored South Georgia *, where thirteen species of flowering plants were collected, nine of which are common to the eastern part of the Antarctic Flora, from Kerguelen to the islands south of New Zealand ; four of them reach New Zealand itself, and one (Colobanthus subulatus) the Alps of Australia. In Fuegia the beech-woods (consisting mainly of the deciduous-leaved Fagus antarctica and the evergreen F. betuloides) are a conspicuous feature ; but all the islands are absolutely treeless, except the Auckland group, where there is an arboreous Myrtacea (Metrosideros lucida) and two or three other large shrubs or small trees. But the beech element in the southern hemisphere is one of the most interesting, and it is very fully described by Hooker f- In the northern hemisphere Fagus sylvatica inhabits Europe, Asia Minor, Northern Persia, and Japan, but is not known to occur in the intervening country ; and the eastern North-American F. ferruginea is exceedingly near it, so near, indeed, as to be regarded by some botanists as a variety. Besides these there is a Japanese species recently described by Maximowicz J, which strongly resembles F. sylvatica in foliage, though it is very different in the fruit. Japan, Northern Persia, North Italy, and Florida are the southern limits of the genus Fagus in the northern hemisphere, where it is represented by at most three species. In the southern hemisphere, on the other hand, there are at least a dozen distinct species divided between South America, New Zealand, Tasmania, and the mountains of Victoria and N. S. Wales, with a maximum development in New Zealand and extra- tropical South-west America. In continental Australia the genus is represented by two isolated outlying endemic species, one occurring at the head of the Macleay river in about 31° of latitude, and the other on the Yarra-Yarra in about 37° 30'; and in America F. obliqua inhabits the Andes in as low a latitude as 33°. Between these stations and the northern ones indicated above there is no living trace of the genus §. The foregoing particulars concerning these two widely separated northern and southern races of Fagus are given as another illustration of the intimate relationships existing between the northern and southern Floras, because the genus is so distinct and sharply defined that there can be no question about the generic identity of the two races, and because Fagus is the only genus of the characteristic northern Cupuliferse that reaches high southern latitudes. Quercus reaches New Guinea in the east, and Popayan (about 2° 30' N. lat.) in America. The allied Salicinese (Populus and Salix) also do not reach * See Engler, Jahrbiicher, vii. p. 281, and ' Nature,' xxxiv. p. 106. t Flora Antarctica, p. 345. % Melanges Biologiques, xii. p. 542. § Fagus argentea and F. javanica, enumerated in Steudel's ' Noraenolator Botanicus,' attributed to Blume and recorded from Java, were probably manuscript names given by Blume to some sterile specimens of Castanopsis. He himself does not mention them in his 'Cupuliferse Javanioee,' nor does Miquel in his ' Flora India? Batavse,' and it is almost absolutely certain that no species of Fagus exists in Java. INTRODUCTION. lv cold southern latitudes, though one species of Salix is a native of South Africa, and another species extends about as far south as the northern limit of Fagus in the Andes, and further south in eastern S. America. Let us now briefly examine the composition of the very poor insular portion of the Antarctic Flora, excluding the Falkland, Campbell, and Auckland Islands. The islands or groups of islands more or less explored botanically are South Georgia, Marion (Prince Edward group), the Crozets, Kerguelen, Heard (Macdonald group), and Macquarie, lying between 38° W. and 160° E. longitude. The accompanying table demonstrates the existence of an antarctic phanerogamic element all round the southern hemisphere. It will be perceived that the only island possessing endemic plants is Kerguelen, and these may possibly yet be discovered in the Crozets or Prince Edward Island, just as Pringlea antiscorlutica has been. Two genera, Flora of the Antarctic Islands from South Georgia in the west to Macquarie Island in the east. Name. Distribution in the islands. Distribution beyond the islands. Distribution of the genera. 03 '5b t* o <0 OS 3 C 02 a _o 'E GQ -4-3 § o a CO 3 60 u M T3 CD w 6 '§ 3 CO 1 CD 'So CD 3 to to 1 to C 4 CD a CO O a CD N |Z5 2 to a w szi Eanthtcttlace^!. trullifolius moseleyi ........ Cetoifbk^b. Pringlea antiscorbutica . . Caetophylie^:. Colobanthus nmscoides . . kerguelensis Lyallia kerguelensis .... poetxtiace^!. Rosacea. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Wide. Andes and Australasia. Wide. Andes, Polynesia, and Australasia. Carried forward .... 6 4 2 8 1 4 2 7 5 3 3 5 2 1 lvi INTKODUCTION. Flora of the Antarctic Islands, &c. (continued). Name. Distribution in the islands. Distribution beyond the islands. Distribution of the genera. & •fib U o CD 1 o 02 o "S i N o u O CD & CD *6 u o3 CD W CD 1 o DD C3 '5b CD 4 a a ft 9 4 3 -a a 1 N ft .3* u 1 ANONACILE. 19 4. Anona echiliata, Dunal, Monogr. Anon. p. 68, t. 4. Widely dispersed in Tropical South America and reaching— Panama, Bujio railway- station (8. Hayes, 142). Hb. Kew. 5. Anona excelsa, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 59. South Mexico, near La Venta del Exido {Humboldt & Bonpland). 6. Anona globiflora, Schl. in Linna:a, x. p. 235. South Mexico, Papantla (Liebmann), near the Hacienda de la Laguna (Schiede). Hb. Kew. 7. Anona involucrata, Baill. Adans. viii. p. 265. South Mexico, Tlatatla (Liebmann). Hb. Kew. 8. Anona liebmanniana, Baill. Adans. viii. p. 266. South Mexico, Comaltepec (Liebmann). 9. Anona muricata, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 756 ; Jacq. Obs. i. t. 5. Anona bonplandiana, H. B. K. Native of Tropical America, and commonly cultivated. Perhaps not indigenous in Central America and Mexico. Propanche de la Conception (Liebmann). Hb. Kew. Grisebach thinks this may be indigenous only in some of the West-Indian Islands. 10. Anona palnstris, Linn. Sp. Pi. p. 757. Also commonly cultivated. South Mexico, Vera Cruz (Schiede). 11. Anona purpurea, DC. Prodr. i. p. 84 ; Dunal, Monogr. Anon. t. 2. South Mexico (Mopino & Sesse) ; Panama (Duchassaing). Hb. Kew. 12. Anona reticulata, Linn. Sp. PL p. 757. Panama, Island of Taboga (Seemann). Hb. Kew. Commonly cultivated for its fruit, and widely dispersed in Tropical America. 13. Anona Squamosa, Linn. Sp. PL p. 757; Jacq. Obs. i. t. 6. fig. 1. Cultivated. Hb. Kew. 14. Anona, sp. Panama, Chagres (Fendler). Hb. Kew. 15. Anona, sp. (aff. A. sylvatica, A. St.-HiL). South Mexico, region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 2482). Hb, Kew. 16. Anona, sp. South Mexico (Hahn). Hb. Kew. 17. Anona, sp. (1 A. sericece var. foliis pedalibus). Panama, Obispo Falls (8. Hayes, 127). Hb. Kew. <2 2 20 ANONACE2E. — MENISPERMACE^. 10. XYLOPIA. Xyhpia, Linn. Gen. Plant, no. 1027 (Waria, Aubl. Guian. p. 604, t. 243) ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 28. Trees and shrubs. About thirty species, whereof five are Indian, seven or eight African, and the remainder Tropical- American. 1. Xylopia fhltescens, Aubl. Guian. i. p. 602, t. 292. ' Panama (S. Hayes, 670), Veraguas and the island of Coiba (Seemann, 312). — Guiana ; Brazil. Hb. Kew. 2. Xylopia grandiflora, St.-Hil. Fl. Bras. Merid. i. p. 40, t. 8. \j[ Panama, Savannas from Panama to Veraguas (Seemann). — Also in Jamaica, Trinidad, Cuba, Colombia, Peru, and Brazil. Hb. Kew. Planchon and Triana refer this to X. longifolia. 3. Xylopia longifolia, A. DC. in Mem. Soc. Gen. v. p. 210. Unona lucida, DC. f. Panama, Eio Grande railway-station (S. Hayes, 173), on the margin of woods near the town of Panama (Seemann, 311), Island of Taboga (Barclay). — Colombia and Guiana. Hb. Kew. 4. Xylopia trunciflora, Schl. et Ch. in Linnaea, vi. p. 417. South Mexico, between Colipa and the sea-shore (Schiede & Beppe). 11. TKIDIMEFJS. Tridimeris, Baill. Adans. ix. p. 219. The following is the only known species ; it is a small tree. 1. Tridimeris hahniana, Baill. Adans. ix. p. 219. South Mexico, forests of San Cristobal (Hahn). Hb. Paris. Order V. MENISPERMACE^E. Menispermacece, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 30. Dioecious climbing shrubs, a few herbaceous, and a few arboreous, belonging to about thirty genera, the number of species probably not exceeding 100. Tribe TINOSPORE.E. 1. ODONTOCAEYA. Odontocarya, Miers in Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, vii. p. 38 (ex parte), et ser. 3, xiv. p. 97 - Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. pp. 34 et 960. Climbing shrubs. Miers, I. c, describes eight species of this genus, which Bentham MENISPERMACE.E. 21 and Hooker regard as forms of one variable species widely dispersed in Tropical South America, but not hitherto detected north of Panama. 1. Odontocarya tamoides, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 960. Odontocarya hederaefolia, Miers, Contrib. Bot. iii. p. 64, t. 100. Panama, on old walls and ruins (S. Hayes, 201). Hb. Kew. This particular form or species occurs in Brazil, Guiana, and Pebu. Tribe COCCULE^E. 2. COCCULUS. Cocculus, DC. Syst. Veg. i. p. 515 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 36. Climbing shrubs. About ten species, whereof two or three are natives of the warmer parts of North America, the others of Tropical Africa and Asia, extending into the tem- perate regions in China and Japan. 1. CoCCulllS diversifolius, DC. Syst. i. p. 543 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 10. Cocculus oblongifolius, DC. Syst. i. p. 529 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 11. Texas to — South Mexico, Sonora Alta {Coulter, 656 and 657), Matamoras (Berlan- dier, 2300), Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Eaton & Edwards), hedges on the tableland of Tehuacan, Puebla, 5000 feet (Galeotti, 1536). Hb. Kew. Tribe CISSAMPELIDE^I. 3. CISSAMPELOS. Cissampelos, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 1138 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 37. Climbing shrubs, exceedingly variable in foliage. Many of the forms have been described as species ; but Bentham and Hooker, I. c, state that there are no more than eighteen distinct species, twelve of which are Tropical- American, five African, chiefly in the south, and 1, C. pareira, very widely dispersed in tropical countries. 1. Cissampelos grandifolia, Tr. & PI. Prodr. Fl. N. Gran. i. p. 44. Panama (S. Hayes, 168). — Colombia. Hb. Kew. 2. Cissampelos heterophylla, DC. Syst. i. p. 534. " New Spain." 3. Cissampelos microcarpa, DC. Syst. i. p. 534. Panama, in sunny situations about Tole, Veraguas (Seemami). Hb. Kew. Probably only a variety of C. pareira; but Planchon and Triana regard it as distinct. V 22 MENISPEBMACE^E. 4. Cissampelos pareira, Lamarck, 111. t. 830. Cissampelos canescens, Miq. Cissampelos acuminata, Benth. South Mexico, Vera Cruz (Galeotti, 4623), Cordova (Bourgeau, 2167), in hedges near Tanetze (Hartweg, 445) ; Nicaeagua (Tate, 7, 8, 9, and 10) ; Costa Rica (Endres, 190) ; Panama, Tole (Seemann, 313). Hb. Kew. Widely dispersed in nearly all tropical countries. 5. Cissampelos tomentosa, DC. Syst. i. p. 535. South Mexico, Campeche. Tribe PACHYGONE.E. 4. HYPERB^NA. Hyperbcena, Miers, in Ann. Nat. Hist, ser 2, vii. p. 44. Climbing shrubs. Three or four species, growing in Tropical America. 1. Hyperbsena mexicana, Miers, in Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, vii. p. 44. South Mexico (Jurgensen, 91). Hb. K. Grisebach refers this to Cocculus domingensis, DC. [Agdestis Clematidea, Moc. et Sesse in DC. Syst. i. p. 543 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 12 and iii. a; is a Phytolaccacea.] Order VI. BERBERIDE^. Berberidece, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 40. Herbs, under-shrubs, or shrubs, comprising twenty genera and perhaps 100 species, chiefly in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, including the mountains of tropical countries, and in the southern parts of South America. Apparently quite absent from South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. Tribe BERBERE^E. 1. BEEBERIS. Berberis, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 442; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 43 (Mahonia, Nutt.). Shrubs. Nearly 100 forms have been described as species; but Bentham and Hooker estimate the number of distinct species at fifty, whereof fifteen are Asiatic, one of these extending to Europe and North America, and another to the mountains of Eastern Tropical Africa ; the remainder chiefly in mountainous regions of America, from Oregon to Fuegia. BEEBEEIDILE. 23 1. Berberis andrieuxii, Hook, in Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 318, adnot. South Mexico (Andrieux, 318). Hb. Kew. 2. Berberis angustifolia, Hartw. in Benth. PI. Hartw. p. 34. North Mexico, Boundary Survey, 21 ; South Mexico, Cuesta between Pachuca and Actopan (Eartweg). Hb. Kew. 3. Berberis aquifolium, Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. i. p. 219, t. 4 ; Bot. Eeg. 1. 1425. Oregon to — North Mexico, Monterey, Nuevo Leon. Hb. Kew. 4. Berberis cllOCOCO, Schl. in Bot. Zeit. 1854, p. 652. South Mexico, Minoschitla and Barranca, near Chococala (Ehrenberg). 5. Berberis dealbata, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1. 1750. Mexico ; cultivated at Chiswick. Hb. Kew. 6. Berberis ehrenbergii, Kunze, in Linnsea, xx. p. 45. South Mexico (Ehrenberg). 7. Berberis fraxinifolia, Hook. ic. Pi. t. 329 & 330. South Mexico, Jalapa (Galeotti), Mirador, Vera Cruz (Linden, 991), Mexico (Lane). Hb. Kew. 8. Berberis fremontii, Torr. in Bot. U. S. Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 30. Texas and New Mexico to, — North Mexico, Sonora (Smith). 9. Berberis gracilis, Hartw. in Benth. PI. Hartw. p. 34. North and South Mexico, Zimapan, Cardonal and Atotonilco el Grande (Hartweg, 271). Hb. Kew. Var.% North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 7000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 8). 10. Berberis hartwegii, Benth. Pi. Hartw. p. 34. South Mexico, at the Contadero between Tula and St. Barbara (Hartweg, 272). Hb. Kew. 11. Berberis ilicina, Hemsl. ; Mahonia ilicina, Schl. in Linnaea, x. p. 236. Mahonia trifolia, Schl. et Ch. in Linn Santa Fe (Schaffner, 2) ; Guatemala, Volcan de Fuego (Salvin), on walls (Bernoulli, 289). Hb. Kew. 6. Stellaria, sp. South Mexico, Wartenberg, near Tantoyuca, Huasteca (Ervendberg, 194). Hb. Kew. CAETOPHYLLE^E. 69 7. Stellaria, sp. Costa Rica (Endres, 38). Hb. Kew. 8. Stellaria, sp. South Mexico, Tacubaya, valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 20), Orizaba (Salle). Hb. Kew. 5. ARENARIA. Arenaria, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 569; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 150. Upwards of 130 species, distributed nearly all over the world, but confined to lofty mountains within the tropics. 1. Arenaria alsinoides, Willd. in Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berl. vii. p. 196. Arenaria nemorosa, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 35. Arenaria diffusa, Elliott; Mcehringia nemorosa, Fenzl; Stellaria elongata, Nutt.; Stellaria lanugi- nosa, Torr. & Gray ; Micropetalon lanuginosum, Pursh. Common from North Carolina to — Mexico (Coulter, 703, 705, 694, 695 ; Bourgeau, 19, 281; Jurgensen, 347; Mueller, 957; Galeotti, 10,000 to 12,000 feet, 4399, 4397, 4413 ; Botteri, 1116 ; Linden, 940 ; Schaffner, 3 ; Parry & Palmer, 48) ; Central America (Salvin & Godman, 316 ; Seemann, 1174 ; Bernoulli, 186). — And in the West Indies, and southward to Peru and Bolivia. There may be several species mixed under this name. 2. Arenaria bourgaei, Hemsley, Diag. PL Nov. pars altera, p. 21. Ramis debilibus procumbentibus parcissime pilosulis, foliis parvis distantibus lineari-oblongis, floribus solitariis axillaribus pedicellatis, pedicellis quam folia longioribus, sepalis glabris ovato- oblongis vel fere ellipticis margine diaphano-scariosis, petalis obovatis quam sepala duplo longi- oribus, filamentis filiformibus basi cohserentibus biglandulosis, glandulis prominentibus au- rantiacis, capsnla polysperma. Herba procumbens ; ramis debilibus procumbentibus angulatis, 3-12-pollicaribus, parcissime pilo- sulis. Folia sessilia et basi subamplexicaulia, linearia vel oblonga, circiter 3 lin. longa, obtusa vel subacuta, crassiuscula, obscure ciliolata. Flores albi, pentameri, circiter 4-5 lin. diametro, solitarii, axillares, pedicellati pedicellis gracilibus, 3-6 lin. longis ; sepala glabra, ovato-oblonga vel fere elliptica, margine diaphano-scariosa ; petala obovata, sepalis duplo longiora; stamina 10, filamentis filiformibus, basi cohaerentibus biglandulosis, glandulis magnis aurantiacis ; ovarium globosum, stylis 3 a basi liberis. Semina numerosa, renif ormia, cinnamomea, nitida, obscure punctulata. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 62) ; South Mexico, aqueduct of Chapultepec (Bourgeau, 22), and valley of Mexico, 280. Hb. Kew. 3. Arenaria bryoides, Willd. in H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 33. Mountains of South Mexico, peak of Orizaba, 12,450 feet (Linden, 938), on the borders of perpetual snow, Popocatepetl (Aschenborn, 730), Toluca, 14,000 to 15,000 feet (Heller), at 11,500 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland), Popocatepetl, up to the volcanic sand (H. Christie). Hb. Kew. 70 CAETOPHTLLE^:. / Var. guateinalensis, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars altera, p. 21. (Tab. IV. figg. 14-18.) Foliis arctissime congestis crassis coriaceis valde concavis dorso carinatis basi tantum parcissime cibolatis, floribus circiter 2 lineas longis, sepalis subcoriaceis concavis basi tantum parcissime cOiolatis, staminibus 10, ovario circiter 5-ovulato, styhs 3, capsula 3-valvi, valvis bifidis, seminibus 1-3 nitidis fusco-atris. Guatemala, summit of Volcan de Fuego (Salvin & Godman, 224), Volcan de Fuego, at 13,000 feet (Salvin, 1873). Hb. Kew. Although we have not seen authentically named specimens of Arenaria bryoides, Willd., we have no doubt that the Guatemala plant is at most no more than a variety of that species. It agrees almost exactly with the excellent description cited above, except that " folia enervia " is not applicable ; but the meaning of this is not quite clear. The specimens collected by Linden (no. 938) on the Peak of Orizaba, and named A. bryoides, Willd., in Kew herbarium, differ from the Guatemala plant in having less crowded, thinner leaves, decidedly ciliate throughout their entire length, and in having smaller flowers with more prominently ciliate sepals. EXPLANATION OF TAB. IV. Figg. 14-18. Fig. 14, tuft of the plant, nat. size; 15, leaves ; 16, a flower; 17, calyx of same laid open to show insertion of stamens ; 18, a seed : figures 15-18 very much enlarged. 4. Arenaria decussata, Willd. in H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 35. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 61) ; South Mexico, Eeal del Monte (Coulter, 692); Moran (Galeotti, 4412), Chiapas (Ghies- Ireght), Toluca, 8200 feet (Heller), at the foot of the Peak of Orizaba (Schiede & Beppe), valley of Mexico (Schaffner, 56). Hb. Kew. 5. Arenaria leptophylla, Schl. et Ch. in Linngea, v. 233. South Mexico, at the foot of the Peak of Orizaba (Schiede & Beppe), Mineral del Monte (Ehrenberg). 6. Arenaria lycopodioides, Willd. in H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 34. South Mexico, near Moran, 8000 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland). 7. Arenaria (Alsine) mexicana, Bartl. in Presl, Reliq. Heenk. ii. p. 14. Mexico (Harnke). 8. Arenaria ?mollugrriea, Ser. in DC. Prodr. i. p. 400. Alsine molluginea, Lag. New Spain. 9. Arenaria reptans, Hemsley, Diag. PL Nov. pars altera, p 22. Ramosa, ramis tenuibus debilibus reptantibus ad nodos radicantibus angulatis hispidulo-pilosis, foliis parvis obovato-oblongis, floribus solitariis axillaribus longiuscule pedicellatis apetalis, sepalis ssepissime 5 ovato-oblongis vel lanceolatis obtusis margine scariosis, capsula globosa polysperma. CARYOPHYLLE.E. 71 Herba perennis (?), ramosa, plus minusve hispidulo-pilosa, ramis angulatis debilibus, 6-12 poll, longis, reptantibus, ad nodos radicantibus. Folia subsessilia, distantia, obovato-oblonga, circiter 3 lin. longa. Flores apetali, axillares, solitarii, 1-1£ lin. longi, pedicellati pedicellis gracilibus, 3-6 lin. longis ; sepala 5 (vel interdum 4), ovato-oblonga vel lanceolata, obtusa, margine late scariosa, integra, dorso fere carinata, hispidula; stamina 10 (vel interdum 8), sepalis breviora, filamentis filiformibus; ovarium globosum, stylis 3, a basi distinctis. Capsula polysperma; semina compressa, longe funiculata. South Mexico, valley of Mexico (Schaffner, 47 and 53). Hb. Kew. 10. Arenaria scopulorum, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 31. South Mexico, near the region of perpetual snow, on the peak of Orizaba (Schiede & Deppe), Toluca, 8800 feet (Heller).— Andes op Peeu, &c. 11. Arenaria, sp. (affinis A. striates, Michx.). South Mexico, Chiapas (GMesbreght, 821). Hb. Kew. 12. Arenaria, sp. South Mexico, Eeal del Monte (Coulter, 702). Hb. Kew. 6. HYMENELLA. Hymenella, Moc. et Sesse in DC. Prodr. i. p. 389 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 150 (under Arenaria) . The only species : — 1. Hymenella mcehringioides, Mop. et Sesse in DC. Prodr. i. p. 390. Triplateia diffusa, Bartl. in Presl, Reliq. Hsenk. ii. p. 11, t. 50. South Mexico, Tacubaya, valley of Mexico (Schaffner, 42, 43), Santa Fe (Bourgeau, 272, 279), San Geronimo (Bourgeau, 554), Morelia, 6000 to 7000 feet (Galeotti, 4417). Hb. Kew. 7. SAGINA. Sagina, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 176 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 151. A genus of about eight species, inhabiting the temperate and cold regions of the Northern hemisphere, and one widely dispersed in the Southern hemisphere. 1. Sagina linnsei, Presl, Reliq. Haenk. ii. p. 14. Spergula saginoides, Linn. Var. (5. mexicana, Presl, I. c. Mexico (HcenJce). 2. Sagina procumbens, Linn. Sp. Pi. p. 185. South Mexico, Vera Cruz to Orizaba (Muller). Hb. Kew. A very widely dispersed plant in both hemispheres, and in northern and southern countries. 72 CAEYOPHYLLE^. 8. COLOBANTHUS. Colobanthus, Bartl. in Presl, Reliq. Hamk. ii. p. 13; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 151. A genus of about ten species, confined to the mountains and cold regions of South and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. 1. Colobanthus quitensis, Bartl. in Presl, Reliq. Hsenk. ii. p. 13, t. 49. fig. 2. South Mexico, Peak of Orizaba, at 12,500 feet (Galeotti, 4404).— Andes of South America. Hb. Kew. 9. SPERGULA. Spergula, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 586; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 152. This genus consists of two or three very widely dispersed weeds of cultivation, which will doubtless be found in Mexico. 1. Spergula arenarioides, Ser. in DC. Prodr. i. p. 395 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 55. Mexico (Mogino & Sesse). Not a true Spergula ; perhaps a species of Arenaria. 10. SPERGULARIA. Spergularia, Pers. Sjm. i. p. 504 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 152. A small genus of three or four widely diffused species, growing chiefly on the sea-coast and in salt marshes ; and the apparently new species described below. 1. Spergularia neglecta, Syme, Eng. Bot. ii. p. 129, t. 255. Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 58). Hb. Kew. This may be a distinct species ; but in the present condition of the genus it is diffi- cult to determine ; moreover the specimens are small and stunted. 2. Spergularia mexicana, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars altera, p. 22. Nana glabra ramosa, ramis gracillimis divaricatis, foliis angustissimis crassiusculis semiteretibus mucronatis patentibus, stipulis maximis scariosis, floribus parvis apetalis, sepalis oblongo- ellipticis uninerviis margine scariosis, staminibus ssepissime 5 interdum pluribns, stylis 3 brevis- simis, capsula 3-valvi, seminibus numerosissimis apteris. Herba perennis ?, glabra, ramosa, exemplaria Parryana ad tripollicaria. Rami teretes, gracillimi, divaricati. Folia angustissima, crassinscula, semiteretia, 4-6 lin. longa, mucronata, patentia, stipulis bracteisque albis, scariosis, ovatis acutis, circiter 2 lin. longis. Flores parvi, apetali, bre- viter pedicellati, in cymis paiacifloris ; sepala oblongo-elliptica, concava, circiter sesquilineam longa, uninervia, margine scariosa ; stamina ssepissime 5 interdum plures ; sepalis breviora ; styh 3, brevissimi. Capsula trivalvis, seminibus numerosissimis, apteris scrobiculatis. Noeth Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 52). Hb. Kew. CAEYOPHYLLILE. 73 Tribe POLYCAEPE^E. 11. DEYMAEIA. Brymaria, Willd. ex Eoem. et Schultz, Syst. v. xxxi; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 152. There are about twenty-five species indigenous in Tropical and Subtropical America ; and one of them has also a wide range in the tropics of the Old World. There is also one endemic Australian species. 1. Drymaria arenarioides, Willd., Ecem. et Schultz, Syst. v. p. 406. Drymaria frankenioides, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p, 21, t. 515. North Mexico, plains near the city of Chihuahua (Thurber), Arroyo, near the Eio Grande, in Chihuahua (Parry), region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 49) ; South Mexico, in sandy places near Pachuca, 7620 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland), Zimapan (Goulter, 698). Hb. Kew. 2. Drymaria COrdata, Willd. in Ecem. et Schultz, Syst. Veg. v. p. 406. Common in Subtropical North America and Mexico and Central America, including the following collectors' numbers : — Parry & Palmer, 57 ; Galeotti, 4416 ; Bourgeau, 2659 ; Coulter, 706, 709, 710 ; Mutter, 120 ; Tate, 431 ; Friedrichsthal, 6 ; S. Hayes, 197 ; Seemann, 349. Hb. Kew. Also generally dispersed in Tropical and Subtropical South America and the West Indies, as well as in Asia and Africa. Var. pilosa, Schl. in Linnsea, xxvi. p. 374. Mexico (Schiede). 3. Drymaria effiisa, A. Gray, PI. Wright, ii. p. 19. North Mexico, hills near Santa Cruz, Sonora (Thurber). Hb. Kew. 4. Drymaria glandulosa, Bartl. in Presl, Eeliq. Haenk. ii. p. 9. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 51) ; South Mexico, west coast (Hmnke), province of Mexico (Aschenborn), Pedregal, valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 283). Hb. Kew. h. Drymaria gracilis, Ch. et Schl. in Linnsea, v. p. 232. South Mexico, in shady places near Jalapa (Schiede & Beppe), cultivated specimen (Hb. Kew.), Toluca (Berlandier). Hb. Paris. 6. Drymaria grandiflora, Schl. in Linnsea, xii. p. 205. Mexico (Schiede & Beppe). 7. Drymaria hirsuta, Bartl. in Presl, Eeliq. Hamk. ii. p. 8. Costa Eica, San Jose, Eio Eeventazon, and Angostura (Polakowsky).— Peru, biol. cent.-amer., Bot. Vol. 1, Sept. 1879. I 74 CAEYOPHYLLE^E. 8. Drymaria laxiflora, Benth. PI. Hartw. p. 73. South Mexico, Eeal del Monte (Coulter, 710); Guatemala, rocks near Zunil (Hartweg, 523). Hb. Kew. v 9. Drymaria leptoclados, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 2. (Tab. III. figg. 1-7.) Glabra, ramis gracillimis, foliis brevissime petiolatis membranaceis rotundato-ovatis cuspidato- acuminatis 5-7-nerviis, floribus fere sessilibus in cymulas densas terminales dispositis, sepabs mucronulatis, petaUs angustissimis bipartitis, staminibus 5, capsubs oligospermis. Herba annua, erecta, 3-6-pollicaris, glaberrima; ramis teretibus fere fibformibus, internodis elongatis. Folia brevissime, petiolata, membranacea, late ovato-rotundata, acuta vel mucronulata, 5-7- nervia, 3-5 lin. lata, stipubs setosis. Flores parvi, in cymas congestas terminales dispositi ; sepala persistentia, paleacea, oblongo-lanceolata, mucronulata, ad 2 bn. longa, costa media prominente, nervis duobus lateralibus inconspicuis ; petala angustissima, sepabs breviora, pro- funde bipartita ; stamina 5 ? Capsula oblonga calycis fere longitudine, 3-valvis, obgo- sperma, seminibus minutis bippocrepiformibus punctulatis. Guatemala, Camino del Sapote (Bernoulli, 240). Hb. Kew. EXPLANATION OP TAB. III. Figg. 1-7. Pig. 1, entire plant, natural size; 2, enlarged leaf; 3, enlarged flower ; 4, calyx and petals removed, revealing tbe union of tbe filaments at tbe base; 5, a petal; 6, an ovary; 7, a seed. 5, 6, and 7, all enlarged. 10. Drymaria nodosa, Engelm. in A. Gray, PI. Fendl. i. p. 12, in adnot. Noeth Mexico, Chibuabua (Wislizenus) ; South Mexico, Eeal del Monte (Coulter, 697), near Tacubaya, very rare (Schaffner). Hb. Kew. Var. 1. gracillima, Hemsley, Diag. PL Nov. pars altera, p. 22. Ramosissima, ramis valde fibformibus glaberrimis ad nodos tumidis, folds linearibus planis, stipubs subulatis, floribus numerosissimis circiter 1 bn. longis, petalis quam sepala dimidio brevioribus, capsubs trivalvis, seminibus circiter 6. Noeth Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 60). Hb. Kew. 11. Drymaria palmeri, n. sp. Hemsley, Diag. PL Nov. pars altera, p. 22. Annua diffusa strigilloso-pilosa, ramis angulatis procumbentibus elongatis, foliis breviter petiolatis ovato-rotundatis vel basi leviter cordatis cuspidatis reticulato-venosis et nervo leviter intramar- ginab ornatis glabrescentibus crassiuscubs, floribus grandiusculis in nodis sobtariis sed vere terminabbus, sepabs oblongo-elbpticis quam petala duplo brevioribus, petabs latis profunde bdo- batis venosis, staminibus 10, filamentis fibformibus, stybs 3, stigmatibus capitatis, capsula trivalvi, seminibus circiter 12 eleganter tuberculatis. Herba annua, diffusa, strigilloso-pilosa; ramis angulatis, procumbentibus pedalibus vel ultra. Folia breviter petiolata, ovato-rotundata, basi rotundata vel leviter cordata, apice cuspidata, maxima 9 bn. diametro, reticulato-venosa et nervo leviter intramarginali ornata, glabrescentia, crassius- cula, margine undulata. Flores pentameri, albi, in nodis sobtarii sed vere terminales, subuni- CAEYOPHYLLE.E. 75 laterales, pedunculati, pedunculis gracilibus ebracteatis 9-15 lin. longis; sepala oblongo- elliptica, sesquilin. longa, apice rotundata, extus parce pilosa; petala sepalis duplo longiora, venosa, lata, profuude bilobata, lobis divergentibus oblongis, apice rotundatis ; stamina 10, fila- mentis filiformibus ; styli 3, longiusculi, basi liberi, stigmatibus capitatis. Capsula oblonga, 3-valvis, calycem superante, seminibus circiter 12 reniformibus eleganter tuber culatis. Mexico {Palmer, 1034) (Harris, 20). Hb. Kew. 12. Drymaria palustris, Ch. et Schl. in Linneea, v. p. 232. South Mexico, in marshy places near Jalapa (Schiede & Deppe). 13. Drymaria pauciflora, Bartl. in Presl, Eeliq. Ha?nk. ii. p. 8. Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 56).— Pebu ; Ecuadoe. Hb. Kew. 14. Drymaria polycarpoides, A. Gray, PI. Fendl. i. p. 12, in adnot. North Mexico, valley of Bolson de Mapimi (Gregg). 15. Drymaria ramosissima, Schl. in Linnasa, xii. p. 205. South Mexico, near the city of Mexico (Hegewisch, Muhlenpfordt). 16. Drymaria villosa, Ch. et Schl. in Linnsea, v. p. 232. South Mexico, the watery places near Jalapa (Schiede & Deppe) ; cultivated speci- men in Hb. Kew. 17. Drymaria xerophylla, A. Gray, PL Wright, ii. p. 11, in adnot. ; Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. i. p. 2. (Tab. III. figg. 7-18.) Foliis sessilibus rigidis ovatis cuspidato-mucronatis venosis, floribus parvis cymulosis, cymulis in axillis foliorum fere sessijibus, petalis minimis integris (interdum emarginatis bilobatisve, A. Gray), staminibus 3, filamentis basi cohasrentibus, capsula monosperma. Herba deeumbens, glaberrima (annua?), ramosa; ramis gracilibus virgatis. Folia rigida, sessilia, ovata, 3-6 lin. longa, cuspidato-mucronata, venosa, 3-5-nervia ; stipulis setosis. Mores parvi, in cymulas axillares pauciflores parvi-bracteatas fere sessiles dispositi; sepala paleacea, per- sistentia, oblonga, mucronulata (obtusa, A. Gray), 1^ lin. longa, indistincte 3-nervia ; petala anguste lineari-spathulata, \ lin. longa, emarginata ; stamina 3, petalis aequilonga, filamentis basi leviter dilatatis ; ovarium 3-ovulatum (A. Gray) ; styli 3, brevi. Capsula globosa, 3-valvis, 1-sperma; semen minimum, punctulatum. North Mexico*, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 50) ; South Mexico, Keal del Monte (Coulter, 722). Hb. Kew. EXPLANATION OF TAB. III. Figg. 8-13. Fig. 8, portion of plant, natural size; 9, enlarged leaf; 10, enlarged flower; 11, the same spread open ; 12, calyx removed, and the other parts much more enlarged ; 13, a seed. * Parry and Palmer's specimens were received after the Plate was drawn, and are much more vigorous than the plant represented, the stems being as much as 15 inches long, and the leaves nearly half an inch long and broad. 12 76 CABYOPHYLLILE. 18. Drymaria, sp. South Mexico, without locality (Coulter, 707). Hb. Kew. 19. Drymaria, sp. (? D. glandulosa, Bartl.). North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 55). Hb. Kew. 20. Drymaria, sp. % (Holosteum mucronatum, Ser. in DC. Prodr. i. p. 393) ; DC, Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 53. Mexico (Mogino & Sesse). 21. Drymaria, sp. South Mexico, without locality (Jurgensen, 38). Hb. Kew. 22. Drymaria, sp. South Mexico, Cordillera of Oaxaca, 7000 feet (GaleoUi, 4408). Hb. Kew. / 23. Drymaria, sp. ("An var. pilosa D. cordatceV) San Salvador (Bernoulli, 18). Hb. Kew. 12. CERDIA. Cerdia, Moe. et Sesse in DC. Prodr. iii. p. 377 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 153. This genus was based upon Mogino and Sesse's drawings ; and, recently, Parry and Palmer have collected two species, both of which appear to be new. It is confined to Mexico. 1. Cerdia COngestiflora, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars altera, p. 23. (Tab. IV, figg. 1-9.) Caespitosa, ramis adscendentibus, foliis stipulatis subteretibus apiculatis patentibus, pedunculis bre- vibus ssepissime 4-8-floris, floribus brevissime pedicellatis, sepalis inaequalibus snbcarnosis ecarinatis margine fimbriatis, stamine 1, capsula 6-12-sperma, seminibus reniformibus minute reticulatis. Herba annua, ramosa, glabra, circiter 3-pollicaris, ramis adscendentibus. Folia patentia, stipulata, subteretia, graeilia, usque 6 lin. longa, apiculata, stipulis minutis scariosis linearibus acutis. Flores cymosi, vel superiores interdum solitarii, brevissime pedicellati ; cymae ssepissime 4-8- florae, bracteatae, pedunculis brevissimis, bracteis scariosis acutissimis quam flores brevioribus ; sepala inaequalia, subcarnosa, ecarinata, ovata acuta, 1-1^ liu. longa, margine scarioso-fimbriata; stamen 1, filamento filiformi ; ovarium globosum, stylo breviter bifido. Capsula 6-12-sperma, seminibus reniformibus minute reticulatis. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 63J). Hb. Kew. EXPLANATION OF TAB. IV. Figg. 1-9. Fig. 1, a plant, natural size ; 2, a branch ; 3, an unexpanded flower ; 4, an expanded flower ; 5, a sepal ; 6, an immature capsule ; 7, the same, with part of the wall removed, showing the seeds ; 8, a young seed ; 9, a mature seed : figures 2-9 all more or less magnified. CAEYOPHYLLE^l. 77 2. Cerdia glauca, Hemsley, Diag. PL Nov. pars altera, p. 22. (Tab. IV figg. 10-13.) Csespitosa, glauca, ramis erectis strictis, foliis exstipulatis subulatis apiculatis appressis, floribus pedunculitis solitariis axillaribus, pedunculis quam folia duplo brevioribus bibracteatis, sepalis sequalibus ovato-lanceolatis apiculatis carinatis margine scariosis integris, stamine 1 velinterdum 2, capsula 6-8-sperma. Herba annua (?), caespitosa, glabra, glauca, 3-5 poll, alta, ramis erectis strictis confertis. Folia exstipulata, approximata, lineari-subulata, apiculata, erecta, 2-3 lin. longa, basi leviter dilatata et amplexicaulia. Flares axillares, solitarii, pedunculati; pedunculi foliis duplo breviores, bibracteati, bracteis foliis similibus ; sepala sequalia, ovato-lanceolata, circiter 1 lin. longa, api- culata, dorso carinata, margine scariosa integra; stamen 1, vel interdum 2, filamentis basi subito dilatatis ; ovarium globosum, stylo breviter bifido. Capsula immatura facile in valvas 4 dividua, 6-8-sperma ; semina matura a nobis non visa. Noeth Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet {Parry & Palmer, 63). Hb. Kew. EXPLANATION OF TAB. IV. Figg. 10-13. Fig. 10, a plant, natural size; 11, portion of a branch, enlarged; 12 and 13, enlarged flowers. 3. Cerdia purpurascens, Moc. et Sesse in DC. Prodr. iii. p. 377 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 1092. Mexico (Mocino & Sesse). 4. Cerdia Virescens, Moc. et Sesse in DC. Prodr. iii. p. 377 ; Mem. Paron. p. 9, t. 2. Mexico (Mogino & Sesse). 13. POLYCAEP^A. PolycarptBa, Lam. in Journ. Hist. Nat. ii. p. 8, t. 25 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 154. About twenty-five species, inhabiting warm countries, chiefly in the Old World. The following is probably not a true Polycarpoea. 1. Polycarpaea CUSpidata, Schl. in Linnaea, xiii. p. 408. South Mexico, Mineral del Monte (Ehrenberg). Order XIX. PORTULACEiE. Portulacece, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 155. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubby. About 125 species, referred to fifteen genera, the majority American, South- African, and Australian ; a few are scattered over Asia, North Africa, and Europe. 78 POETULACELS;. 1. POKTULACA. Portulaca, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 603: Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 156. Herbs, some fleshy ; about sixteen species, natives of tropical countries, principally- American, two of which are widely diffused in cultivated and sandy ground in temperate regions. f 1. Portulaca Oleracea, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 638; Schkuhr, Handb. t. 130. Widely dispersed in tropical and subtropical regions, both in the Old World and America, including Mexico and Central America. Hb. Kew. 2. Portulaca pilosa, Linn. Griseb. EL Brit. W. Ind. p. 57 ; Bot. Reg. t. 792. ? Portulaca foliosa, DC, Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 389, nee Lindley, Bot. Beg. t. 793. New Mexico ; Texas. — North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 66), without locality (Gregg, 134) ; South Mexico, Vera Cruz to Orizaba (F. Muller, 208), Pedregal (Bourgeau, 476) ; Guatemala, without locality (Friedrichsthal). — And southward to Peru and Brazil, as well as in the West Indian Islands. Hb. Kew. 2. TALINOPSIS. Talinopsis, A. Gray, PI. Wright, i. p. 15 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 157. At present limited to the following species : — 1. Talinopsis frutescens, A. Gray, PI. Wright, i. p. 15, t. 3. New Mexico.— North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 67). Hb. Kew. 3. TALINUM. Talinum, Adans. ex Juss. Gen. p. 312; Benth. et Hook. Gen. PI. i. p. 157. About a dozen species, herbs and undershrubs, natives of tropical and subtropical regions ; two are African or Asiatic, and the rest American. 1. Talinum aurantiacum, Engelm. in A. Gray, PL Lindh. ii. p. 154. Texas and New Mexico to — North Mexico, sandy places, Sonora (Schott, Thurber, Coulter), region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 68), Monterey (Edwards & Eaton, 4); South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 714, 715) Hb. Kew. 2. Talinum lineare, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 77. South Mexico, in dry places between Mexico and Eeal de Pachuca, and near Gasave in the valley of Tenochtitlan, 7380 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland). POETULACE^. 79 3. Talinum mexicanum, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars altera, p. 23. Pusillum, glaberrimum, caudice brevi crassiusculo subsimphci, foliis confertis linearibus (probabi- liter semiteretibus vel triangulatis) crassis carnosis, floribus parvis aurantiacis, sepalis fere orbicularibus cito deciduis, petalis obovatis, staminibus 5, capsula globosa vel ovoidea, semi- nibus numerosis. Herba suffrutescens glaberrima, 2-4-pollicaris, caudice crassiusculo subsimplici, apice tantum folioso. Folia conferta, carnosa, linearia (probabiliter semiteretia vel triangulata) , acuta, 3-6 lin. longa. Flores parvi, aurantiaci, dicbotomo-cymosi, cymis paucifloris, quam folia duplo triplove longioribus, pedunculis pedicellisque filiformibus, bracteis bracteolisque simillimis minutis- simis squamif ormibus ; sepala fere orbicularia, bneam diametro, cito decidua; petala obo- vata(?), sepalis duplo longiora ; stamina 5, filamentis filiformibus. Capsula globosa vel ovoidea, circiter sesquilineam diametro, seminibus numerosis, maturis a nobis non visis. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 69). Hb. Kew. This species is closely allied to T. parwflorum, Nutt., of which we have seen no complete description ; but it appears to differ in its yellow flowers, orbicular, early deciduous sepals, and small, nearly globose capsule. The specimens collected by Fendler (no. 71), named T. jparviflorum, Nutt., by Dr. A. Gray, are very much like T. mexicanum in size and habit. 4. Talinum liapiforme, DC. (char, amplif.), Hemsley, Diag. PL Nov. pars altera, p. 23. Suffrutescens, glaberrimum, caudice crassissimo tuberiformi brevi subsimplici, apice tantum folioso, foliis confertis carnosis linearibus planis basi dilatatis, floribus albis, cymis laxis paucifloris longiuscule pedunculatis, peduncubs pedicellisque gracibbus, bracteis minutissimis, sepabs orbicularibus, petalis oblongo-ovatis, staminibus 5, capsula ovoidea polysperma. Herba suflrutescens, glaberrima, 4-6-polbcaris, caudice crassissimo tuberiformi brevi, apice tantum foboso. Folia conferta, carnosa, linearia, plana, 1-2-pollicaria, obtusiuscula, basi dilatata. Flores albi, mediocres, dicbotomo-cymosi, cymis axillaribus laxis, quam f oba triplo longioribus, pedunculis pedicellisque gracilibus nudis, bracteis minutissimis ; sepala orbicularia, concava, cito decidua, sesquilineam diametro ; petala oblongo-obovata, sepalis duplo longiora ; stamina 5, filamentis filiformibus; stylus trifidus, stigmatibus latis. Capsula 3-valvis, ovoidea, circiter 2 lin. longa, seminibus numerosissimis compressis. — DC. Prodr. ii. p. 357. Noeth Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 70). Hb. Kew. Parry and Palmer's specimens agree so well with the tracing (in the Kew Library) of the drawing upon which DeCandolle founded the species, that we do not hesitate to refer it to that species. 5. Talinum patens, Willd. Sp. PI. ii. p. 863 ; Jacq. Hort. Vindob. ii. t. 151. Talinum paniculatum, Jacq. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 71) ; South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 1290), valley of Cordova (JBourgeau, 1618), Orizaba 80 POETTJLACE^E. (Botteri), near Regla (Galeotti, 7208).— Also widely spread in South America and the West Indies. Hb. Kew. This species also occurs in some of the Pacific Islands. 6. Talinum reflexum, Cav. Ic. i. p. 1. 1. 1 ; Bot. Mag. 1. 1543. Texas, New Mexico to — North Mexico, along the Eio Grande from El Paso to Pre- sidio del Porte. — Also in Brazil. 4. CALANDBINIA. Calandrinia, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 77, t. 526; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 158. Annual and perennial herbs, sometimes woody at the base. About sixty species are known, whereof sixteen are Australian and the remainder American. l. Calandrinia caulescens, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 78, t. 526. Mexico (Palmer, 1032). — Colombia, Peru, Bolivia. Hb. Kew. ^ 2. Calandrinia megarhiza, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars altera, p. 23. Acaulis, radice pergrandi tuberiformi, basi pauciramosa, ramis crassis longissimis, foliis caespitosis linearibus carnosis, pedunculis (an semper?) unifloris quam folia brevioribuSj sepalis ovato- lanceolatis apice leviter cucullatis persistentibus capsulam includentibuSj seminibus 10-15 lenticularibus atris nitidis estrophiolatis. Herba perennis, acaulis, glabra. Radix pergrandis, tuberiformis, siccata sesquipoll. diametro, basi pauciramosa, ramis crassis usque sesquipedalibus. Folia dense csespitosa, carnosa, linearia 1^-2-pollicaria. Pedunculi uniflori (vel interdum triflori?), foliis breviores; sepala 2, ovato- lanceolata, 5-6 lin. longa, apice leviter cucullata, persistentia, capsulam dimidio breviorem includentia; petala et stamina perfecta non visa. Capsula subglobosa; semina matura 10-15, lenticularia, atra, nitida, minute punctata, estropbiolata. Guatemala, Volcan de Fuego, 11,000 to 12,000 feet (Salvhi). Hb. Kew. 3. Calandrinia tnberosa, Benth. Pi. Hartw. p. 9. North Mexico, Zacatecas (Hartweg, 43). 5. CLAYTONIA. Claytonia, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 287; Bentb. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 158. Annual or perennial, often succulent herbs. About twenty species — one in Australia and New Zealand, the rest in Temperate, Frigid, and Subtropical North America, espe- cially in the west, and of North-eastern Asia. 1. Claytonia perfoliata, Donn, Cat. ed. 4. p. 50 ; Bot. Mag. t. 1336. Temperate North America to— South Mexico, Oaxaca [Galeotti, 3611), valley of Mexico (Bourgeau), forests of the Desierto Viejo (Bourgeau, 887). Hb. Kew. Naturalized in some parts of Europe and other countries. POETTJLACELE. 81 6. MONTIA. Montia, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 101 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 159. Only one species (or, according to some authors, three), a dwarf amphibious annual herb found in nearly all temperate and cold regions of the world. l. Montia fontana, Linn. Sp. Pi. P. 129. South Mexico, peak of Orizaba (Galeotti, 4403). Hb. Kew. Order XX. TAMARISCINE.E. TamariscinecB, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 159. Shrubs, undershrubs, or sometimes arboreous. There are five genera, numbering altogether nearly fifty species. With the exception of the genus given below, they are all natives of the Old World. Tribe FOQUIERE^E. This tribe is limited to the following genus : — 1. FOQUIEEA. Foquiera, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 81 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 161. Spiny shrubs, restricted to Mexico and the countries lying immediately north of it. The following are all the species known. 1. Foquiera formosa, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 83, t. 527. Philetaria horrida, Liebm. South Mexico, Province of Mexico (Humboldt & Bonpland), valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 1120), without locality (Sheppard). Hb. Kew. 2. Foquiera Spinosa, Torr. in Emory's Rep. p. 147, t. 8. Bronnia spinosa, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 84, t. 528. North Mexico, Sonora Alta (Coulter, 919), Rayon, Sonora (Thurber, 952); South Mexico, near Puente de la Madre de Dios, 5280 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland). Hb. Kew. 3. Foquiera splendens, Engelm. Pi. Wisliz. p. 14. Texas and Lower California to — South Mexico, Mitla, Oaxaca (Andrieux, 365). Hb. Kew. [Elatiotle, a small family, consisting of two genera and about twenty species of herbs (sometimes aquatic or amphibious) and undershrubs, scattered nearly all over the world. Elatine americana, Arnott, has a wide distribution in South America, and also occurs in California, Texas, and in several of the Atlantic States of North America ; but we have seen no specimens from Mexico or Central America, though it possibly occurs there. It also grows in Australia and some of the islands of the Pacific] biol. cent.-amer., Bot. Vol. 1, Sept. 1879, m 82 HYPEEICINE.E. Order XXI. HYPERICINE^E. Hypericinea, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 163. Herbs, shrubs, or rarely trees. About 200 species, belonging to eight genera, distri- buted over nearly all temperate and subtropical regions. 1. ASCYRUM. Ascyrum, Linn. Gen. Plant, i. no. 903 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 165. Undershrubs. About half a dozen species, confined to the West Indies and North and Central America. 1. Ascyrum CrUX-andreaB, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1107 ; Plum. ed. Burm. 1. 152. fig. 2. Southern States of North America, and some of the West Indian Islands to — South Mexico, Jalapa {Linden, 861 ; Galeotti), Ciudad Real, Chiapas (Linden). Hb. Kew. 2. Ascyrum hypericoid.es, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1108; Plum. ed. Burm. t. 152. fig. 1. South Mexico, in thickets near Jalapa, Cerro Colorado (Schiede & Deppe), oak-forests, Oaxaca, at 4000 to 5500 feet (Galeotti). — Bermudas and Guiana (Grisebach). Hb. Kew. 2. HYPEEICUM. Hypericum, Linn. Gen. Plant, no. 902 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 165. Herbs or shrubs. Upwards of 150 species, widely dispersed in the northern tempe- rate regions, and numerous in the mountains within the tropics, rare in southern tem- perate countries. A thorough revision of the species would probably reduce the number for Central America and Mexico by nearly half. 1. Hypericum canadense, Linn. Sp. Pi. p. 1104. Canada to — Mexico, near Tantoyuca (Ervendberg, 218). Hb. Kew. Choisy (in DC. Prodr. i. p. 550), says, " Varietates hujus mihi videntur H. them- folium, paueiflorum, et moranense, H. B. K." 2. Hypericum COlliimm, Schl. et Ch. in Linnsea, v. p. 219. South Mexico, between San Miguel and La Joya (Schiede), near Jalapa, Cerro Colo- rado (Schiede & Deppe), Vera Cruz to Orizaba (Mutter, 1737). Hb. Kew. 3. Hypericum denticulatum, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 191, t. 458. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer) ; South Mexico, near Guanaxuato (Humboldt & Bonpland). Hb. Kew. HTPEEICINE^:. 83 4. Hypericum fastigiatum, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 195. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 73) ; South Mexico, near Pazcuaro, 6780 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland), province of Mexico (Aschenbom), Eeal del Monte (Coulter, 751, 752). Hb. Kew. 5. Hypericum formosum, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 196, t. 460. New Mexico to — Noeth Mexico, Santa Cruz, Sonora (Thurber) ; South Mexico, near Pazcuaro (Humboldt & Bonpland), between San Miguel del Soldado and La Joya (Schiede), peak of Orizaba (Galeotti, 4181), near tbe city of Mexico (Bourgeau, 693), Chiapas (Ghiesbreght), Vera Cruz to Orizaba (F. Milller, 196). Hb. Kew. 6. Hypericum gnidioides, Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald,' p. 88, t. 27. Panama, Boquete, Veraguas (Seemann, 1640); southward to Peru. Hb. Kew. [Hypericum mexicanum, Linn. Amcen. viii. p. 322, t. 8. fig. 5. According to Planchon and Triana (Prodr. Fl. N. Gran.), this is the same as H mutisianum, a New-Granadian plant, and does not occur in Mexico.] 7. Hypericum moranense, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 193. South Mexico, near Moran, 8000 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland). 8. Hypericum mutilum, Linn. Syst. ii. p. 11. Hypericum quinquenervium, Walt. Hypericum euphorbioides, St.-Hil. Hypericum stellar ioides, H. B. K. Canada to — South Mexico, on the banks of rivers and in marshes near Jalapa (Schiede), Vera Cruz to Orizaba (Milller). — Southward to Brazil. Hb. Kew. There is probably some confusion in this species. 9. Hypericum paniculatum, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 195, t. 459. South Mexico, near Ario, between Pazcuaro and Plaza de Jorullo, 5940 feet (Hum- boldt & Bompland). 10. Hypericum pauciflorum, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 192. South Mexico, between Santa Rosa and Guanaxuato, 9000 feet (Humboldt & Bon- pland), Cordillera of Oaxaca, 5000 feet (Galeotti, 4188). Hb. Kew. 11. Hypericum philonotis, Schl. et Ch. in Linnsea, v. p. 219. South Mexico, in moist places near Jalapa (Schiede & Beppe), without locality (Mackenzie). Hb. Kew. 12. Hypericum pratense, Schl. et Ch. in Linnsea, v. p. 218. South Mexico, in grassy places near Jalapa (Schiede & Beppe), Mexico (Aschenbom), Toluca, 8200 feet (Heller, 254). ml 84 HYPERICIN!^. 13. Hypericum scouleri, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. p. 111. Temperate North-west America down to— North Mexico, Sonora (Thurber). Hb. Kew. 14. Hypericum, sp. ^Guatemala (Friedrichsthal).—VEmzvvLA. Hb. Kew. 15. Hypericum, sp. South Mexico, Eeal del Monte (Coulter, 753). Hb. Kew. 16. Hypericum, sp. (aff. H.formoso). South Mexico, valley near Santa Fe (Bourgeau, 693 bis). Hb. Kew. 17. Hypericum, sp. South Mexico, Orizaba (Botteri, 576 ; Bourgeau, 2626). Hb. Kew. 3. VISMIA. Vismia, Veil, ex DC. Prodr. i. p. 542; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 166. Shrubs or trees, about twenty species, four of which occur in "Western Tropical Africa, all the others being confined to the warmer parts of America. si 1. Vismia billbergiana, Beurling, in Vetensk. Akad. Hand. 1854, p. 117. Panama, in mountains (Billberg). s, 2. Vismia dealbata, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 184, t. 454. Vismia baccifera, PI. et Tr. Panama, in meadows near the city of Panama (Seemann, 555), Chagres (Fendler, 7). — Colombia, Guiana, and North Brazil. Hb. Kew. v 3. Vismia latifolia, Choisy in DC. in Prodr., non H. B. K. Panama (Seemann). — Colombia. 4. Vismia macrophylla, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 184. y Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 8), Bay of Panama (Barclay). — South America and the West Indies. Hb. Kew. 5. Vismia mexicana, Schl. in Linna;a, x. p. 245. South Mexico, province of Mexico (Hahn, Bourgeau, Galeotti), Hacienda de la Laguna (Schiede). Hb. Kew. 6. Vismia panamensis, Duch. et Walp. in Linnsea, xxiii. p. 748. V Panama (Buchassaing). Hb. Monsp. 7. Vismia viridiflora, Duch. ex PI. et Tr. in Ann. Sc. Nat. serie 4, xviii. p. 305. Vismia guianensis, Seem., non Choisy. Panama, in shady places near the city of Panama (Seemann, S. Hayes, 560). Hb. Kew. HYPEKICINIL&. 85 8. Vismia, sp. Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 6). Hb. Kew. Order XXII. GUTTIFER.E. Guttifera, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 167. Trees or shrubs, sometimes epiphytal. About 230 species, belonging to twenty-five genera, all natives of tropical or subtropical regions, chiefly in America and Asia. 1. CLUSIA. Clusia, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 1154; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 170. Trees or shrubs, many of them epiphytes. Upwards of fifty species are known, all natives of Tropical and Subtropical America. 1. Clusia acuminata, PI. et Tr. Mem. Gutt. p. 53. Renggeria acuminata, Seem. Panama (Seemann). Hb. Kew. 2. Clusia guatemalensis, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 2. Arborescens, foliis vix coriaceis venosis longe petiolatis lanceolatis acuminatis obtusis basi valde attenuatis, cymis plurifloris terminalibus lateralibusve, iloribus pedicellatis, sepalis petalisque 4, filamenti's liberis crassis. Arbor ornata (Salvin), ramis crassis. Folia longe petiolata, vix coriacea, lanceolata, 4-6-pollicaria, subito acuminata, obtusa, .basi gradatim attenuata, petiolo usque pollicari, venis lateralibus confertis (prominentibus in siccis) versus apicem excurrentibus. Flores <$ (rosei?) basi bi- bracteolati, pedicellate 1-1 1 poll, diametro, in cymas trichotomas pedunculatas bracteatas dispositi, cymis 2-3-pollicaribus, 3-12-floris, pedicellis ssepissime 2-3 lin. longis, basi brac- teatis, bracteis triangularibus acutis 1-2 lin. longis, bracteolis bracteis simiUimis ; sepala 4, decussata, fere orbicularia, 2 exteriora multo minora ; petala 4, sequalia, obovato-oblonga, basi lata; stamina numerosissima, congesta, filamentis liberis brevibus crassis, antheris magnis bilocularibus, connectivo mutico. Flores $ ignoti. Guatemala, Barranca Honda, Volcan de Fuego, at 3800 feet (Salvin). Hb. Kew. This species belongs to the small section Stauroclusia (Planchon et Triana, in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, vol. xiii. p. 351), and is easily distinguished by its foliage and small, appa- rently red, flowers, &c. 3. Clusia minor, Linn. Sp. PL ed. 1, p. 510. Clusia venosa, Linn. Clusia prat ensis, Seem. ] Guatemala, Volcan de Fuego (Salvin) ; Panama, very common in savannas (See- mann, Duchassaing). — Also widely spread in the West Indies, Venezuela, and Colombia. Hb. Kew. 86 GTJTTIFER^:. 4. 4. Clusia odorata, Seem. Bot. Voy. 'Herald,' p. 89; Bot. Mag. t. 5865. Panama, Boquete, Veraguas (Seemann, 1638), near the city of Panama (S. Hayes, 402). Hb. Kew. 5. Clusia ovigera, PI. et Tr. Mem. Gutt. p. 49. South Mexico (Ghiesbreght). Hb. Paris. 6. Clusia orizab®, Hemsley, Diag. PL Nov. pars 1, p. 3. Arborescens (?), ramis crassis, foliis coriaceis longe petiolatis ellipticis lanceolatisve obtusis basi cuneatis, cymis subtrifloris, sepalis petalisque 4 decussatis, filamentis crassis. Arbor? ramis crassis. Folia longe petiolata, coriacea, lanceolata-elliptica, 4-6 poll, longa, obtusis- sima vel fere rotundata, basi cuneata, venrs lateralibus promineDtibus, petiolo crasso usque pol- licari. Mores 6 pedicellati, basi bibracteolati, l^-lf poll, diametro, in cymas bracteatas dis- positi, cymis trifloris (probabiliter interdum plurifloris), pedicellis crassis, 6-9 lin. longis, ssepius medio bibracteatis, bracteis bracteolisque cucullato-orbicularibus 1J— 2 lin. latis ; sepala 4, decussata, fere orbicularia, 2 exteriora multo minora; petala 4, aequalia, obovato- spathulata vel obovato-oblonga ; stamina numerosissima, congesta, filamentis liberis, brevibus, crassis ; antheris biloeularibus, connectivo mutico. Flores ? ignoti. South Mexico, Izhuatlancillo, region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 2967). Hb. Kew. This also belongs to the section Stauroclusia, and is closely allied to our C. guatema- lensis, differing in its more leathery broader leaves and larger flowers. The colour of the latter is not indicated. 7. Clusia rosea, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1495 ; Schl. in Linnsea, viii. t. 4. Clusia retusa, Poir, Lam. 111. t. 852. y, Panama, the savannas about the city of Panama and town of Nata (Seemann). — Also in the West Indies and northern parts of South America. Hb. Kew. 8. Clusia, sp. South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1957). Hb. Kew. 9. Clusia, sp. % Guatemala, ridge above Calderas, Volcan de Fuego, at 8300 feet (Salviri). Hb. Kew. 10. Clusia, sp. South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1890). Hb. Kew. 11. Clusia, sp. South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1954). Hb. Kew. 12. Clusia, sp. South Mexico, Potrero, near Cordova (Bourgeau, 1891). Hb. Kew. g-uttifee.^:. 87 2. CHRYSOCHLAMYS. Chrysochlamys, Popp. et Endl. Nov. Gen. et Sp. iii. p. 13, t. 211 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 172; Tovomitopsis, Planch. About twelve arboreous species, all Tropical-American. 1. Chrysochlamys costa-ricana, Hemsl. Tovomitopsis costa-ricana, (Erst, in Planch, et Tr. Mem. Gutt. p. 111. Costa Eica, Turrialva ((Ersted). 2. Chrysochlamys glauca, Hemsl. Tovomitopsis glauca, CErst. 1. c. p. 109. Costa Eica ((Ersted). 3. Chrysochlamys membranacea, Pi. et Tr. Mem. Gutt. p. 105. Panama, Lion-Hill railway-station (S. Hayes). — Colombia. Hb. Kew. 4. Chrysochlamys nicaraguensis, Hemsl. Tovomitopsis nicaraguensis, CErst. I. c. p. 112. Nicaragua, on the river San Juan ((Ersted). 5. Chrysochlamys psychotriEefoHa, Hemsl. Tovomitopsis psychotricefolia, CErst. I.e. p. 108. Costa Eica, Turrialva ((Ersted). 3. SYMPHONIA. Symphonia, Linn. f. Suppl. pp. 49 et 203 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 173. Trees or shrubs, six species — five in Madagascar, and the following in Africa and America : — 1. Symphonia globulifera, Linn. fil. Suppl. p. 302. Moronobea globulifera, Schl. Moronobea coccinea, Aubl., in part. Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 216), Lion-Hill railway-station (S. Hayes, 363). — West Indies and tropical South Ameeica to Beazil. Hb. Kew. This species is also found in Western Tropical Africa. 4. TOVOMITA. Tovomita, Aubl. PI. Guian. p. 956, t. 364 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 173. Trees and shrubs, about twenty-two species, restricted to Tropical America, the fol- lowing being the only one collected within our region : — 88 GTTTTIFEEuE. "* 1. Tovomita Stylosa, Hemsley, Diag. PL Nov. pars 1, p. 3. (Tab. V.) Glabra, ramis teretibus gracilibus ad apices tantum Miosis, foliis petiolatis membranaceis lanceo- latis ovatis ellipticisve obtusis transversim pellucido-liaeatis, floribus monoicis di- trichotome cymosis, sepalis 2 petalisque lineari-lanceolatis tenuissimis, petalis 4, stylis elongatis diver- gentibus. Frutex vel arbor parva glaberrima, ramis teretibus gracilibus ad apices tantum foliosis. Folia petiolata membranacea, ovato-lanceolata vel elhptica, 3-6 poll, longa, acuminata obtusa vel subacuta, basi cuneata, integra, costa ad margiues lineis immersis contiguis pellucidis undu- latis continuatis notata, venis reticulatis utrinque inconspicuis, petiolo 3-6 lin. longo. Flores monoici, pedicellati, in cymas di- tricbotomas (femineas subtrifloras, masculinas multoties ramosas) axillares vel terminates parvibracteolatas dispositi, pedicellis basi et ad medium bibrac- teolatis basi articulatis, florum femineorum longioribus, bracteis minutis triangularibus acutis oppositis, sepalis 2 petalisque tenuissimis, petalis 4, staminibus numerosissimis. Florum masculinorum sepala lineari-lanceolata, acuta, 3—4 lin. longa; petala lineari-oblonga, fere obtusa, sepalis sequilonga; stamina petalis paulo breviora,. filamentis filiformibus inaequi- longis, basi leviter cohaerentibus ; ovarium rudimentarium, estylosum, apice obscure 4-lobatum. Florum femineorum sepala ovato-lanceolata ; stamina, praeter antheras, omnino (?) vacuis sicut in masculinis; ovarium 4-loculare, loculis uniovulatis, stylis liberis staminibus aequilongis, stigmate parvo. Fructus maturus mibi ignotus. Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 298, male flowers only), Lion-Hill station, Panama rail- way (S. Hayes, 367). Hb. Kew. The sepals and petals are so extremely thin that it is possible tbey are not quite correctly drawn or described. EXPLANATION OF TAB. V. Portion of male and female plants, of the natural size. Pig. 1, a male flower, enlarged ; 2, rudimentary ovary of the same ; 3, stamens, filaments cohering at the base ; 4, immature fruit ; 5, vertical section of the same ; 6, cross section of the same • 7, portion of leaf, magnified to show the pellucid lines. 5. EHEEDIA. Eheedia, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 641 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 175. About twenty arborescent species — two natives of Madagascar,' and the remainder of Tropical America. 1. Rheedia edulis, PL et Tr. Mem. Gutt. p. 155. Calophyllum edule, Seem. Panama, dense forests near Eemedios, Veraguas (Seemann). Hb. Kew. 2. Rheedia, sp. ) Panama, in woods near the city of Panama (S. Hayes, 738). Hb. Kew. 3. Rheedia, sp. {% B. lateriflora, Linn.). Panama, Eemedios, Veraguas {Seemann, 1637). Hb. Kew. A- GUTTIFEE^E. 89 6. CALOPHYLLUM. Calophyllum, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 658 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 175. About thirty-five arboreous species— five Tropical- American, and the remainder Asiatic. 1. Calophyllum ? longifolium, Willd. in Mag. der Gesell. naturf. Freunde, 1811, p. 80 ; H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 202. Panama (Herb. Facult. Sc. Monsp.). — Peru. 7. MAMMEA. Mammea, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 656 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 176. Seven arboreous species have been described, one of which is American, and the others inhabit Africa, Madagascar, and Tropical Asia. 1. Mammea americana, Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 1, p. 512 ; Jacq. Amer. t. 248. Panama, Isle of Taboga (Seemann, 1091). — West Indies, Colombia, and Eastern South America, to Brazil. Hb. Kew. 2. Mammea emarginata, DC. Prodr. i. p. 561 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 144. Mexico. A doubtful plant, apparently not mentioned by Planchon and Triana. Order XXIII. TERNSTRCEMIACEiE. Ternstrcemiacece, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 177. Trees or shrubs, rarely climbing or epiphytal. Upwards of 260 species, belonging to thirty-five genera, nearly all natives of tropical countries, both in Asia and America. A few are African ; and a few occur in Temperate North America and North- eastern Asia. The family is apparently not represented either in Australia or New Zealand. Tribe MARCGRAVIE^I. This tribe is restricted to Tropical America. Delpino ('Nuovo Giornale Botanico Italiano,' i. pp. 257-290) has given a monographic review of the species known to him ; and Dr. Wittmack has more recently monographed the group in the ' Flora Brasili- ensis,' fasc. lxxxi. pp. 214-258, tabb. 40-51. 1. MARCGKAVIA. Marcgravia, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 640 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 181 ; Delpino, Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. i. p. 284. Epiphytal or climbing shrubs, rarely arboreous. Delpino reduces the number of forms known to hinOo four species ; but there are about a dozen distinct ones at Kew, biol. cent.-amer., Bot. Vol. 1, Sept. 1879. n 90 TEENSTK(EMIACE£. dispersed over the eastern side of Tropical America, from South Brazil through Guiana, Venezuela, and New Granada, to Nicaragua ; and two or three species extend to Cuba and Jamaica. Dr. Wittmack (Fl. Bras. fasc. lxxxi. p. 258) enumerates fifteen species. v 1. Marcgravia affinis, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 3. (Tab. VI. figg.7-12.) Glabra, ramis gracilibus angulatis lenticellatis, foliis brevissime petiolatis longe acuminatis, umbellis 10-15-floris, floribus minimis, amphoris parvis. Frutex glaber, epiphyticus, ramis fertilibus gracilibus angulatis, lenticellis albis conspersis. Folia fertilium ramorum fere sessilia, subcoriacea, lanceolata, 2-3 poll, longa, caudato-acumi- nata, minute cuspidata, reticulata, tota minute pellucido-punctata, costa media utrinque elevata. Umbella pendentes, 10-15-florae, pedicellis gracilibus glabris, 9-12 lin. longis, patentibus, 3-5 interioribus sterilibus bracteis cucullatis adnatis. Amphora, seu bractese cucullatse, 3-5, parvae, ad 2 lin. profundae, dorso flores steriles non gerentes. Flores viridi, 1^ lin. longi; sepala concava, rotundata ; corolla calyptrata, conica, obtusa ; stamina ad 12, inaequalia ; ovarium sulcatum, stylo brevi. Costa Bica, without any locality (JEndres, 185). Hb. Kew. EXPLANATION OF TAB. VI. Figg. 7-12. Fig. 7, a flowering branch, of the natural size; 8, an enlarged bract; 9, an enlarged flower; 10, a vertical section of the same; 11, an ovary; 12, a cross section of tbe same. Closely allied to M. caudata, Planch, et Tr., a native of Colombia. Possibly it may be the same ; for, excepting in dimensions, their description includes nearly all the cha- racteristics of the present plant. P. caudata is described as having leaves 4-6 inches long ; but nothing is said of angular branches or unusually small flowers. * 2. Marcgravia nepenthoides, Seem. (Tab. VI. figg. 1-6.) Glabra, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis acutis breviter petiolatis, floribus numerosis in umbellas racemosas terminales pendentes dispositis, amphoris maximis. Frutex glaber, scandens, 20 ped. altus, ramulis pendentibus. Folia fertilium ramorum breviter petio- lata, coriacea, oblongo-lanceolata, 4-6-poll., acute acuminata, integerrima, venis inconspicuis. Umbella pendentes, 20-25-florse, pedicellis furfuraceis lenticellatis ultrapollicaribus, fertilibus patentibus infra calycem bibracteolatis, 5-6, interioribus longioribus, sterilibus rectis, bracteis cucullatis adnatis. Amphora, seu bracteae cucullatse, melliferae, ad 1 poll, profunda?, dorso flores steriles gerentes. Flores nutantes, sepalis late rotundatis, corolla calyptrata conica — Journ. Bot. viii. (1870) p. 245. Nicaragua, frequent in the Chontales mountains, about the Javali Mine, and at the summit of Pefia Blanca, about 2500 feet above the level of the sea {Seemann). Hb. Kew. EXPLANATION OF TAB. VI. Figg. 1-6. Fig. 1, flowering branch, slightly reduced; 2, a flower, enlarged; 3, a longitudinal section of the same; 4, a stamen ; 5, an ovary; 6, a cross section of the same. /- TEENSTECEMIACE^E. 91 This has the largest pitchers of any described species of the genus. The specimens we have seen are very much shrivelled ; but Seemann states (I. c.) that they are about the size of those of Cephalotus, though much more fleshy and substantial, and of a green colour blotched with a dull reddish brown. Since our Plate was printed, Wittmack (Fl. Bras. fasc. lxxxi. p. 231) has referred this species to M. picta, Willd., but, as we think, on insufficient grounds. Willdenow's species was founded upon a barren or climbing branch ; and Wittmack has seen flowerless specimens, collected by Martius in Brazil, having both climbing branches with leaves resembling those of Willdenow's plant, and flowering branches with leaves resembling those of Seemann's species, the leaves of the climbing branches of which are unknown. These three he identifies as one and the same species. 3. Marcgravia parviflora, Rich., ex Wittmack in Fl. Bras. fasc. lxxxi. p. 227. Marcgravia pedunculosa, Tr. et PI. Panama (fide Wittmack) to — Peru and Beazil. 4. Marcgravia polyailtlia, Delp. in Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. di Milano, xii. pp. 182 et 210. Var. j3. OCCidentalis, Wittm. in Fl. Bras. fasc. lxxxi. p. 224. South Mexico, Vera Cruz (Galeotti, 292). — And in Peeu (fide Wittmack). 2. NOKANTEA. Norantea, Aubl. PI. Guian. p. 554, t. 220; Eenth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 181. Epiphytal or climbing shrubs. About ten or twelve species, distributed from South Brazil to Nicaragua. I have seen no specimens collected between Colombia and Nicaragua. One species occurs in the West Indies. l. Norantea anomala, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vii. p. 218, t. 647. Norantea sessiliflora, Planch, et Tr. Prodr. Fl. N. Gran. i. p. 245. Nicaragua, Chontales (Seemann, 7; Tate, 255).— Southward to Ecuador and Beazil. Hb. Kew. 3. EUYSCHIA. Ruyschia, Jacq. Stirp. Amer. p. 75, t. 51. fig. 2 {Souroubea, Aubl.) ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 181. Climbing or epiphytal shrubs, rarely arborescent. About eight species. Delpino (I. c.) retains the names above to designate distinct genera— Ruyschia being characterized by havin^ solid transformed bracts which secrete nectar on the outside, whilst in Souroubea they are hollow, the secretion being formed inside. The Central- American and Mexican species hitherto collected belong to the latter genus or section. Considering it as one genus, the species are dispersed over Eastern Tropical South America, northward to Mexico and the West Indies. n2 92 TEKNSTECEMIACELE. / 1. Ruyschia bicolor, Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. p. 73, t. 29. Souroubea auriculata, Delp. (in part.) . Souroubea guianensis, Aubl. Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 291), Frijoli railway-station (S. Hayes); Nicaragua, Chontales {Tate, 22 & 284). Hb. Kew. This species appears to be widely dispersed in South America. i. 2. Ruyschia lepidota, Miq. in Walp. Kep. ii. p. 811. Souroubea auriculata, Delp. (in part.) . . ^Panama, Isle of Coyba (Seemann). Hb. Kew. 3. Ruyschia mexicana, Baill. Adans. x. p. 241. South Mexico, near Tlapacoya (Hahn, 421), Vera Cruz (Galeotti, 4215 ; Linden, 875), Mexico (Harris). Hb. Kew. No. 3 comes under Delpino's Souroubea exauriculata. Tribe TERNSTRGEMIE^. Nearly the same range as the whole order. 4. TERNSTRCEMIA. Ternstrcemia, Linn. fil. Suppl. p. 39 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 182. Shrubs or trees. About twenty-five species, five or six of which are Asiatic, and the remainder Tropical-American. v| l. Ternstrcemia clusiaefolia, H B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 463. Panama, near the city of Panama (Hinds, Fendler). — Colombia. Hb. Kew. i 2. Ternstroemia seemanni, Tr. et Pi. Prodr. Fl. N. Gran. i. p. 257. Ternstrcemia peduncularis, Seem, not of DC. Panama, Rio Grande railway-station (S. Hayes), Chagres (Fendler, 317), without loca- lity (Seemann). Hb. Kew. 3. Ternstrcemia Sylvatica, Ch. et Schl. in Linnaja, v. p. 220 ;%=T. lineata, DC. Monogr. Ternstr. p. 17, 1. 1. South Mexico, in woods between Jalapa and San Andres, also near San Miguel del Soldado (Schiede & Leppe), Chiconquiaco (Schiede), Mexico, without special localities (Galeotti, 7056; Linden, 45; Ghiesbreght, 27; Coulter, 750; Botteri, 946 ; Bourgeau, 3041 ; Hahn & Harris). Hb. Kew. 4. Ternstrcemia tepezapote, Ch. et Schl. in LinnEea, vi. p. 420 ; 1=T. lineata,DC. Monogr. Ternstr. p. 17, 1. 1. South Mexico, Mazatlan (Hahn), Tecoluto (Schiede & Leppe). Hb. Kew. TEENSTECEMIACE^E. 93 5. Ternstroemia, sp. North Mexico, Sierra Madre (Seemann, 2148) ; South Mexico, Sierra San Pedro Nolasco (Jurgensen, 567). Hb. Kew. 5. CLEYERA. Cleyera, DC. Prodr. i. p. 524; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 183. Shrubs and trees. Six species— two Asiatic (Japan and India), the others Mexican and West-Indian. 1. Cleyera integrifolia, Pi. MSS. in Hb. Kew. Freziera integrifolia, Benth. PL Hartw. 6. North Mexico, Zacatecas and Bolafios (Hartweg). Hb. Kew. 2. Cleyera mexicana, PL MSS. in Hb. Kew. Tristylium mexicanum, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1858, p. 249. South Mexico, Sierra San Pedro Nolasco &c. (Jurgensen, 604). Hb. Kew. 6. FREZIERA. Freziera, Swartz, PL Ind. occ. p. 971, 1. 19; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 183. About eight shrubby species, all restricted to Tropical America. 1. Freziera sericea, Humb. et Bonpl. Pi. ^Equin. p. 29, t. 8. Freziera chrysophylla, Humb. et Bonpl. Joe. cit. t. 7. Freziera hirsuta, Seem., non Smith. Panama, Boquete, Veraguas (Seemann, 1153). — Colombia. Hb. Kew. 2. Freziera theoides, Sw. Fl. Ind. occ. ii. p. 972. South Mexico, Cuesta Grande de Jalacingo (Schiede & JDeppe), near Chiconquiaco (Schiede) ; Panama (Seemann). — West Indies. 3. Freziera, sp. Panama, Veraguas (Seemann). Hb. Kew. Tribe SAURAUJE.E. 7. SAURAUJA. ija, Willd. in Neue Schr. Ges. nat. Pr. Berl. iii. p. 406, t. 4; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 184. About sixty-five species of trees and shrubs, natives of Tropical and Subtropical Asia and America. 94 TERNSTRCEMIACTLE. 1. Saurauja angUStifolia, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1858, i. p. 242. South Mexico, San Pedro Nolasco &c. (Jurgensen, 359, 898). Hb. Kew. 2. Saurauja anisopoda, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1858, i. p. 242. South Mexico, Oaxaca (Galeotti). 3. Saurauja aspera, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1858, i. p. 242. South Mexico, Oaxaca (Galeotti, 7235). 4. Saurauja latipetala, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 4. Ramis dense strigiUoso-rufo-furfuraceis, foliis petiolatis vix membranaceis oblongo-lanceolatis acutis obtusisve basi attenuatis utrinque hispidulo-paleaceis, pedunculis brevibus paucifloris, floribus ultra poll, diametro. Arbor ? novellis rufo-furfuraceis vel hispido strigillosis. Folia petiolata, submembranacea, oblongo- lanceolata, acuta vel obtusa, basi cuneata vel rotundata, utrinque plus minusve strigilloso- paleacea vel hispida, margine hispido, subtus costa et nervis lateralibus prominentibus, lamina 3-6 poll, longa, petiolo 6-9 lin. longo. Flares hermaphroditi, inter majores, in paniculas pedun- culatas 6-12-floras dispositi, pedicellati, pedunculis 1-2-pollicaribus, pedicellis bracteis parvis ornatis ; sepala insequalia, ovati-rotundata, obtusa, extus furfuraceo-tomentosa, 1\-?>\ lin. longa ; petala glabra, obovato-rotundata, fere libera, semipollicaria ; stamina numerosa, fQamentis bre- vibus basi barbatis, antheris magnis, loculis in parte superiore discretis ; ovarium glabrum, 4-5- loculare ; styli ad basin kberi, 3-4 lin. longis, stigmatibus capitatis. South Mexico, Chiapas &c. (Ghiesbreght, 646). Hb. Kew. A distinct species near leucocarpa, differing in its larger flowers, broad petals, short filaments, divergent anther-cells, and relatively long styles, as also in the foliage. 5. Saurauja leucocarpa, Schl. in Linnsea, x. p. 249. Saurauja barbigera, Hook. Ic. PI. t. 331. South Mexico, Cuesta Grande de Chiconquiaco (Schiede), Orizaba (Botteri, 999), Jalapa (Galeotti, 3088 ; Hahn ; Linden, 652). Hb. Kew. * 6. Saurauja macrophylla, Linden, in Lindl. et Paxt. Fl. Gard. ii. p. 27, with a figure. 1=$. villosa, DC. Mexico (Jurgensen) ; Guatemala (Skinner). Hb. Kew. t 7. Saurauja oreophila, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 3. Ramis junioribus pedunculis petiolisque furfuraceo-strigillosis, foliis longe petiolatis subcoriaceis lanceolatis utrinque acutis mucronulato-serrulatis totis sparse hispidulis, nervis lateralibus numerosis costaque subtus prominentibus, pedunculis paucifloris. Arbor (?) ramis robustis, Miosis, junioribus furfuraceis strigillosisve. Folia in siccis bete vires- centia, petiolata, subcoriacea, anguste lanceolata, acuta, utrinque sparse hispidula vel secus costam nervosque furfuracea, margine mucronulato-serrulata, nervis lateralibus contiguis, subtus prominentibus, lamina 3-5 poll, longa, petiolo furfuraceo, 1-1| poll, longo. Pedun- culi pauciflori, 1-2-pollicares, pedicellique furfuraceo-strigillosi. Flores polygami ? ad 9 lin. diametro, sepalis inaequabbus, extus furfuraceis, ovati-elbpticis, 2-2^ lin. longis, petalis obovato-oblongis fere bberis ad 4 lin. longis; filamenta basi barbata; ovarium glabrum, styks obsoletis. TERNSTROGMIACE^ 95 Guatemala, Volcan de Fuego, at 10,500 feet (Salvin). Hb. Kew. This is characterized by stout furfuraceous branches, narrow lanceolate pale green leaves on long petioles, and the numerous lateral veins prominent below. 8. Saurauja pauciserrata, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 3. (Tab. VII.) Glabra, ramis rugosis, foliis ad apices ramorum confertis longe petiolatis membranaceis obovato-lan- ceolatis acuminatis basi valde attenuatis prsecipue supra medium remote serratis, pedunculis paucifloris, floribus mediocribus. Arbor formosa (Salvin), glabra, cortice (in siccis) valde rugoso, ramis ad apices tantum foliosis. Folia petiolata, membranacea, lanceolata, obovato-lanceolata, acuta vel acuminata, ad basin gra- datim attenuata, prsecipue supra medium remote mucronulato-serrulata, lamina usque 6 poll, longa, petiolo gracili 1-1^-pollicari. Flores (masculinos tantum vidi) albi, suaveolentes (Salvin,), in paniculas angustas 9-12-floras longe pedunculatas dispositi, pedunculis infra nudis, 2-3-pol- licaribus, ad basin ramulorum bracteatis bracteis foliaceis, pedicellis brevibus strigilloso- paleaceis ; sepala ovato-oblonga vel fere rotundata, ciliata, ad 3 hn. longa ; petala obovato- oblonga, 5-6 lin. longa, basi fere Ubera ; stamina numerosa, filamentis basi strigilloso-barbatis ; ovarium rudimentarium, globosum, stylis obsoletis. Guatemala, Volcan de Fuego (Salvin). Hb. Kew. This species is near S. leucocarpa, but differs in being glabrous, in the rugose bark, distant serratures, &c. EXPLANATION OP TAB. VII. Portion of plant, natural size. Fig. 1, a flower, enlarged ; 2, tbe same, with the stamens and petals removed, to show the rudimentary ovary. 9. Saurauja pedunculata, Hook. Ic. PL t. 341, 342 ; i.=S. serrata, DC. South Mexico, Jalapa (Coulter, 95), Vera Cruz (Qouin, 75), Orizaba (Botteri, 908, 248), valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 2241), Orizaba (Bilimek, 70). Hb. Kew. 10. Saurauja SCabrida, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 3. Fulvo- vel rufo-strigilloso-furfuracea, foliis amplis lanceolatis supra scabridis subtus velutinis, flori- bus parvis in paniculas amplas laxe ramosas dispositis. Arbor (?) grandifolia, novellis strigilloso-furfuraceis. Folia petiolata, subcoriacea, lanceolata, elhp- tica vel obovato-lanceolata, 8-12 poll, longa, 3-5 poll, lata, acuta, basi cuneata vel rotundata, supra scabrida, subtus velntino-tomentosa, secus nervos strigillfco-furfuracea vel squamulata, margiue mucronulato- denticulate, petiolo ad poUicari. Flores parvi, in paniculas axillares pedunculatas laxas dispositi, ramulis pedicelbs calycibusque dense furfuraceo-squamulatis ; sepala insequalia, ovata vel rotundata, obtusa, circiter 2 lin. longa; petala obovata, 3-4 lin. longa j filamenta basi barbata; ovarium glabrum, 5-loculare, stylis petahs aequilongis. Bacca globosa, ad 4 lin. diametro, polyspermy seminibus insigniter scrobiculatis. South Mexico, valley of Cordova {Bourgeau, 1747), Huatusco, region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 3221). Hb. Kew. gg TEENSTBCEMIACELE. The large scabrous leaves and loosely paniculate flowers distinguish this from all the other Mexican species. A specimen collected by Hahn at Misantla may belong to the same species. It appears to differ only in the more ferruginous, less copious indu- mentum, broader leaves rounded at the base, and more compact inflorescence. 11. Saurauja serrata, DC. Monogr. Temstr. p. 28, t. 3. South Mexico, near Jalapa, at the foot of Mt. Macaltepec (Schiede & Deppe). 20. Pavonia, sp. (aff. P. typhalece). Guatemala (Friedrichsthal). Hb. Kew. ^ 21. Pavonia, sp. (aff. P. typhalece). Costa Eica (Endres, 208 bis) ; Nicaragua (Tate, 29). Hb. Kew. 22. Pavonia, sp. North Mexico, Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Eaton & Edwards, 5). Hb. Kew. /23. Pavonia, sp. Guatemala (Friedrichsthal). Hb. Kew. 16. MALVAVISCUS. Malvaviscus, Dill, ex Cav. Diss. p. 131, t. 48. fig. 1 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 206. Shrubs or small trees. Bentham and Hooker estimate the number of species at about half a dozen ; and several of the following names refer to obscure plants. 1. Malvaviscus acapulcensis, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 288. South Mexico, Acapulco, sea-shore (Humboldt & Bonpland), Chiapas (Ghiesbreght), Mexico (Seechey). Hb. Kew. 2. Malvaviscus acerifolius, Presl, Eeliq. Haenk. ii. p. 135. South Mexico, west side (Hcenke). v 3. Malvaviscus arboreus, Cav. Diss. ill. p. 131, t. 48. fig. 1. North Mexico, Mazatlan, common (Seemann) ; South Mexico, in thickets near Vera Cruz (Schiede & Deppe), near Tantoyuca (Ervendberg) ; Guatemala (Friederichsthal) ; Panama (Duchassaing). — Also common in the West Indies, including Cuba. Hb. Kew. 4. Malvaviscus brevipes, Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. p. 68. South Mexico, at the foot of the Cerro de San Felipe, near Oaxaca (Andrieux, 520) ; Nicaragua, Gulf of Fonseca (Sinclair). Hb. Kew. 5. MalvavisCUS candidus, DC. Prodr. i. p. 445 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 90. Mexico. 6. Malvaviscus concinnus, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 286. South Mexico, in hedges near Jalapa (Schiede & Deppe). The typical plant is a native of Peru. MALVACEAE. 119 7. Malvaviscus drummondii, Torr. et Gr. Fl. N. Am. i. p. 230. Texas.— South Mexico, around Toluca (Andrieux, 519).— Cuba. Hb. Kew. 8. MalvavisCUS ? flavidus, DC. Prodr. i. p. 446. Mexico. 9. Malvaviscus grandiflorus, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 288. South Mexico, Guanaxuato (Humboldt & Borland), between Gonacatepec and Cbalco (Andrieux, 518), without special localities (Jurgensen, 182 and 296 ; Graham &c). Hb. Kew. 10. MalvavisCUS mollis, DC. Prodr. i. p. 445. Achania mollis, Ait. 'South Mexico, Zimapan [Coulter, 807), Mexico (Bates); Guatemala (Skinner); Nicaragua (Tate, 28), Gulf of Fonseca (Sinclair) ; Panama, Veraguas (Seemann).— Colombia. Hb. Kew. 11. MalvavisCUS penduliflorus, DC. Prodr. i. p. 445 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 91. Mexico. 12. MalvavisCUS pentacarpus, DC. Prodr. i. p. 445 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 88. Mexico. 13. MalvavisCUS piloSUS, DC Prodr. i. p. 445. Guatemala, Duerlas (Salvin & Godman ; Fraser), Volcan de Fuego (Salvin) ; Panama, Island of Taboga (Sinclair). — Tropical South America and West Indies. Hb. Kew. 14. MalvavisCUS popuUfoliuS, Presl, Eeliq. Hsenk. ii. p. 135. Mexico. 15. Malvaviscus ? pleurantherus, DC. Prodr. i. p. 446. Mexico. 16. MalvavisCUS ? pleurOgonUS, DC. Prodr. i. p. 446. Mexico. 17. MalvavisCUS Sepium, Schl. in Linneea, xi. p. 361. South Mexico, in hedges near Jalapa (Schiede ; Galeotti, 4078 ; Linden, 824 ; Coulter, 808), valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1515 and 1669), Yucatan and Tabasco (Johnson, 67), Teguisixtlan (Andrieux, 517); Nicaragua (Tate, 11), Hb. Kew. 120 MALVACE^. 17. KOSTELETZKEYA. Kosteletzkeya, Presl, Reliq. Haenk. ii. p. 130, t. 70; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 206. Herbs or shrubs, about ten species, restricted to America. 1. Kosteletzkeya cordata, Presl, Reliq. Hsenk. ii. p. 132. Mexico. 2. Kosteletzkeya coulteri, A. Gray, Pi. Wright, i. p. 23. Nokth Mexico, Sonora Alta (Coulter, 804). Hb. Kew. 3. Kosteletzkeya hastata, Presl, Reliq. Hsenk. ii. p. 130. South Mexico, Cordillera of Vera Cruz (Galeotti, 4061). Hb. Kew. 4. Kosteletzkeya hispida, Presl, Reliq. Hamk. ii. p. 132. Mexico. 5. Kosteletzkeya paniculata, Benth. Pi. Hartw. p. 285. Nokth Mexico, mountain-pass near Cocospera river, Sonora (Schott), Bolanos (Hart- weg). Hb. Kew. 6. Kosteletzkeya pentasperma, Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. ind. p. 79. Mexico (Griseiach, loc. cit.). — Jamaica, Ecuador. \A. Kosteletzkeya sagittata, Presl, Reliq. Haenk. ii. p. 131, t. 70. Kosteletzkeya asterocarpa, Turcz. Nicaragua, Gulf of Fonseca (Sinclair). — West Indies, Colombia, &c. Hb. Kew. This probably should include K. pentasperma and K. hastata. 18. ARCYNOSPERMUM. Arcynospermum, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1858, i. p. 191. '' Genus dubium Urenarum," Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 199. 1. Arcynospermum nodiflorum, Turcz. loc. cit. Mexico, Sierra San Pedro Nolasco (Jurgensen). Tribe HIBISCEjE. 19. HIBISCUS. Hibiscus, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 846 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 207. A very large genus, comprising nearly 150 species of herbs, shrubs, and trees, dis- persed in nearly all tropical and subtropical countries of the world. 1. Hibiscus abelmoschus, Linn., Sp. PI. p. 980 ; DC. Prodr. i. p. 452. This species is commonly cultivated and naturalized in most tropical countries ; and according to Grisebach, it is said to be spontaneous in Guiana and Central America. MALVACE.E. 121 2. HibisCUS acetOSSefoliuS, DC. Prodr. i. p. 455 ; Caiques des Dess. El. Mex. 79. South Mexico (SessS), % Chiapas (Ghiesbreght). Hb. Kew. 3. Hibiscus achanioides, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1858, p. 196 (sub dbelmoscho). South Mexico, shady forests of Teapa (Linden, 938). Hb. Kew. 4. HibisCUS azanzae, DC. Prodr. i. p. 454 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 75 et ii. a. Paritium azanzaz, Don. South Mexico, Tepic (Lay). Hb. Kew. 5. Hibiscus berlandierianus, Moric. Pi. Am. Ear. p. 8, t. 6. North Mexico, 'Tampico (Berlandier, 54) ; South Mexico, Tantoyuca (Berlandier, 2160). Hb. Paris. 6. HibisCUS bifurcatUS, Cav. Diss. iii. p. 146, t. 51. fig. 1. Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 19). — Brazil, Guiana, West Indies. Hb. Kew. 7. HibisCUS bracteOSUS, DC. Prodr. i. p. 455 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 79. Mexico (Sesse). 8. HibisCUS CardiophylluS, A. Gray, PL Wright, i. p. 22. Texas. — North Mexico, near Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Eaton & Edwards ; Gregg, 185 ; Wislizenus) ; South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 805), without locality (Bates). Hb. Kew. 9. HibisCUS COUlteri, Harv. in A. Gray, PI. Wright, i. p. 23. Texas ; New Mexico. — North Mexico, near Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Edwards), Paso de Caritas (Gregg); South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 809). Hb. Kew. 10. Hibiscus cruentus, Bert. Fl. Guat. p. 28, t. 10. Guatemala, Esquintla (Velasquez). 11. HibisCUS CyanOgyilUS, DC. Prodr. i. p. 455 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 77. ' Mexico (Sesse). 12. Hibiscus denudatus, Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. p. 7, t. 3. Texas, New Mexico, and Lower California. — North Mexico, from El Paso down to the Cibolo (Torrey), Cerros Bravos (Gregg, 481). 13. Hibiscus elatus, Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. ii. p. 1218. South Mexico, in woods, Tecoluta (Schiede).— West Indies. 14. Hibiscus fasciculatus, DC. Prodr. i. p. 454 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 85. Mexico (SessS). 15. HibisCUS lavateroides, Moric. PL Am. Ear. p. 9, t. 7. Mexico, Tampico (Berlandier 1). BIOL. CENT.-AMER., Bot. Vol. 1, JSfoV. 1879. r 122 MALVACEAE. 16. Hibiscus marmoratus, Lem. 111. Hort. 1856, t. 82 ; Bot. Mag. t. 5702. Mexico, cultivated in European gardens from seeds sent by A. Tonel. 17. Hibiscus OXyphyllus, DC. Prodr. i. p. 455 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 86. South Mexico, mountains of Xochipi (Sesse). * 18. Hibiscus plioeniceus, Willd. Sp. PL iii. p. 813 ; Jacq. Hort. Schoenb. iii. 1. 14. Hibiscus betulifolius, Benth. Hibiscus betulinus, H. B. K. Panama, Island of Taboga (Sinclair). — Brazil, Guiana, Colombia, and in many of the West-Indian Islands. Hb. Kew. KL9. Hibiscus spathulatus, Garcke in Bot. Zeit. vii. p. 840. Panama, Chagres (Duchassaing). 20. Hibiscus spiralis, Cav. Ic. ii. p. 47, 1. 162. Hibiscus unilateralis, Cav. South Mexico, Province of Mexico (Parkinson, Tate), common in thickets near the capital (Schaffner), near Mexico (JBerlandier, 874). Hb. Kew. 21. Hibiscus tampicensis, Moric. PI. Am. Ear. p. 7, t. 5. Mexico, near Tampico de Tamaulipas (Berlandier, 210). Hb. Paris. 22. HibisCUS tiliaceus, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 976 ; Cav. Diss. iii. t. 55. fig. 1. South Mexico, La Antigua, Vera Cruz (Linden, 834), Oaxaca (Ghiesbreght, 329), Jalapa (Galeotti) ; Guatemala (Friedrichsthal) ; Panama (Seemann, Fendler, S. Hayes). — A common tree on the sea-coast of almost all tropical countries. Hb. Kew. 23. HibisCUS tubiflorus, DC. Prodr. i. p. 447 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 83. Mexico, mountains of San Geronimo (Mogino & Sesse). 24. HibisCUS UUCinelluS, DC. Prodr. i. p. 449 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 82. South Mexico, Jalapa (Galeotti, 4085), valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1514), near Los dos Puentes and Hacienda de la Laguna (Schiede). Hb. Kew. 25. Hibiscus, sp. South Mexico, Mirador, Vera Cruz (Linden, 839). Hb. Kew. 26. Hibiscus, sp. Mexico (Bates, 12). Hb. Kew. 27. Hibiscus, sp. South Mexico, at the mouth of the river Guazacualcos, near the port of Minatitlan, Vera Cruz (Andrieux, 521). Hb. Kew. MALVACEAE. 123 20. THESPESIA. Thespesia, Corr. in Ann. Mus. Par. ix. p. 290, t. 8. fig. 2 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 208. An Old-World genus, one species of which, T. populnea, is naturalized in the West Indies, and perhaps also on the mainland of America. 1. Thespesia tomentosa, Presl, Eeliq. Ha:nk. ii. p. 136. South Mexico, western side (Hcen/ce). This is a doubtful plant, and most likely belongs to a different genus. 21. BOMBYCOSPERMUM. Bombycospermum, Presl, Reliq. Hsenk. ii. p. 137, t. 71. Bentham and Hooker {Gen. Plant, i. p. 208) refer it with a doubt to the genus Fugosia. 1. Bombycospermum mexicanum, Presl, loc. cit. South Mexico, west side (Hcenke). 22. INGENHOUSIA. Ingenhousia, Moc., DC. Prodr. i. p. 474; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 209. Thurberia, A. Gray in Mem. Amer. Acad. v. p. 308. Limited to the following herbaceous species : — 1. Ingenhousia triloba, Moc. in DC. Prodr. i. p. 474. Thurberia thespesioides, A. Gray, loc. cit. et in Torrey's Bot. Emory's Exped. t. 6. Mexico (Mogino & Sesse), Canon near Cocospera and Ymuris, Sonora {Thurber). 23. GOSSYPIUM. Gossypium, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 845 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 209. Herbs or tall shrubs, about three or four species. The cultivated ones present a great range of variation ; and it is now impossible to determine their native countries. One undoubtedly indigenous species is a native of Australia, and another of North-west India. l. Gossypium barbadense, Linn. Sp. Pi. p. 975. Cultivated and wild, probably indigenous in America. Tribe (or Suborder) BOMBACE.E. Eepresented in all tropical countries, but by far most numerously in America. 24. PACHIRA. Pachira, Aubl. PI. Guian. p. 725, tt. 291, 292 (Carolinea, Linn. fil. Suppl. p. 51) ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 210. About fifteen arboreous species, restricted to Tropical America. 124 MALYACEM. ^ 1. Pachira aquatica, Aubl. Guian. ii. p. 725, tt. 291, 292. Nicaragua, vicinity of Granada {Levy) ; Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 311). — Northern parts of South America ; and in St. Lucia and Guadaloupe. Hb. Kew. ; 2. Pachira barrigon, Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald,' p. 83. Panama, Veraguas (Seemann), Chagres (Fendler, 312). Hb. Kew. 3. Pachira insignis, Savign. in Enc. Bot. iv. p. 690. Carolinea? fastuosa, DC. Prodr. i. p. 478; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 97. Mexico (Sesse). — West Indies. 4. Pachira macrocarpa, Sch. et Ch. in Linnsea, vi. p. 423 (sub Carolinea); Bot. Mag. t. 4549. South Mexico, Yucatan and Tabasco (Johnson, 141), on the banks of rivers and rivulets of Papantla and Tecoluta (Schiede & Beppe). Hb. Kew. 5. Pachira minor, Sims, Bot. Mag. 1. 1412 (sub Carolinea). Mexico (Sesse). Hi. Pachira SeSSilis, Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. p. 70. Panama, Island of Taboga (Hinds, Seemann, 1631), in woods near the Bio Grande railway-station (S. Hayes). Hb. Kew. 25. BOMBAX. Bombax, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 835 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 210. Trees, usually of large size. About ten species — two native of Tropical Asia, one of these extending to North Australia, one of Tropical Africa, and the rest of Tropical and Subtropical America. 1. Bombax ellipticum, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 299. South Mexico, temperate regions near Chilpancingo (Humboldt & Bonpland), Tepic (Lay), Papantla, Misantla &c. (Schiede & Deppe). «- 2. Bombax (Pachira fendleri, Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald,' p. 83). Cf. Bombax retusum, Mart. Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 310). Hb. Kew. 3. Bombax mexicantim, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. i. p. 4. Ramis glabris crassis, foliis digitatis 5-foliolatis, foliolis petiolulatia obovato-ellipticis vel interdum fere rotundatis, floribus pedunculatis, calyce hemisphaerico truncato, staminibus numerosissimis, filamentis basi in tubum brevem connatis, capsulis intus albido-lanatis, seminibus reniformi- globosis. Arbor glabra, ramis crassis, mollibus. Folia longe petiolata, 5-foliolata, petiolo tereti pubescenti-gla- brescente, ad 6 pollices longo, fonolis valde insequalibus, petiolulatis vix coriaceis, obovato- ellipticis vel fere rotundatis, 3-6 polkces longis, 2^-As latis, integerrimis, supra glabris, nervis lateralibus parallelis conspicuis, venulis reticulatis, subtus petiolulisque pubescentibus, petiolulis MALVACEAE. 125 ad 2 lin. longis, basi vix articulatis, dilatatis. Flares solitarii, axillares, pedunculati, pedun- culis crassis ad poll, longis, 1-2-floris ; calyx glaber seu in alabastro sparse puberulus, hemi- sphaerico-cupulatus truncatus, ad 6 lin. latus et profundus ; corolla (perfecte evoluta non visa) fulvo tomentosa ; stamina numerosissima, 4-5 poll, longa, filamentis fiUformibus, basi in tubum brevem connatis. Capsula l|-2 poll, longa, extus glabra corrugata, iDtus densissime albido lanata, seminibus nigris, lasvibus, glabris, reniformibus. South Mexico, region of Orizaba (JBourgeau, 2515). Hb. Kew. 26. ERIODENDKON. Eriodendron, DC. Prodr. i. p. 479 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 210. About eight arboreous species — seven American, and one native of Tropical Africa and the East Indies. 1. Eriodendron aBsculifolinm, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 298 ; DC. Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 94. South Mexico, on the sea-coast, Campeche {Humboldt & Bonpland), *~~ 2. Eriodendron OCCidentale, Tr. et PI. Prodr. Fl. N. Gran. i. p. 194. Eriodendron anfractuosum /3. caribceum, Seem. Eriodendron anfractuosum, Cav. Diss. t. 151 ; Jacq. Amer. 1. 182. South Mexico, near Tan toyuca (Ervendberg, 361), Acapulco (Hinds) ; Panama, David, Veraguas (Seemann). — Colombia. Hb. Kew. Many botanists regard this as being the same as the Old-World species. 27. MONTEZUMA. Montezuma, DC. Prodr. i. p. 477; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 212. Only the following arborescent species, described from Mocino's drawing. 1. Montezuma Speciosissima, DC. Prodr. i. p. 477; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. i. Mexico, without locality (Mocino). 28. OCHROMA. Ochroma, Sw. Prodr. p. 97 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 212. The genus is limited to the following arboreous species : — 1. Ochroma lagopus, Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. ii. p. 1144, t. 23. Bombax pyramidale, Cav. Diss. v. t. 153. Mexico, according to DC. Prodr. ; Panama, common in the forests of the Isthmus. — Also in the West Indies, from Trinidad to Cuba, and in Venezuela. 29. CHOEISIA. Chorisia, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 295, t. 485 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 210. Three arboreous species, restricted to Tropical America. 126 MALVACEAE. U 1. Chorisia rosea, Seem. Bot. Voy. 'Herald,' p. 84. Panama, Boquete, Veraguas (Seemann, 1630). Hb. Kew. 30. HAMPEA. Hampea, Schl. in Linnaea, xi. p. 371 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 211. Small trees, two or three species, one of which is a native of Colombia. 1. Hampea integerrima, Schl. in Linnaea, xi. p. 372. South Mexico, Jalapa (Galeotti, 4084; Botteri; Hahn),near Josocola and Hacienda de la Laguna (Schiede). Hb. Kew. 31. CAVANILLESIA. Cavanillesia, Ruiz et Pav. Prodr. p. 97, t. 20; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 211. Two or three species of large trees, restricted to Tropical America. ^ 1. Cavanillesia platanifolia, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 306. Pourretia platanifolia, Humb. et Bonpl. PI. ^Equin. ii. p. 162, t. 133. Panama, Paraiso and Empire railway-stations (S. Hayes, 23). — Colombia. Hb. Kew. Order XXV. STERCULIACE.E. Sterculiacea, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 214. Herbs, shrubs, or trees, about 350 species, belonging to about forty-five genera, natives of tropical countries mostly, and of subtropical Australia and South Africa. Tribe STERCULIE.E. The members of this tribe are dispersed all round the tropical zone. 1. STERCULIA. Sterculia, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 1086 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 217. Trees, upwards of fifty species, represented in all tropical countries, but most nume- rous in Asia. 1. Sterculia acerifolia, Presl, Keliq. Haenk. ii. p. 141 (sub Chiclicea). South Mexico, west side (Hcenke). 2. Sterculia carthagenensis, Cav. Diss. vi. p. 353 ; R. Br. in Benn. PI. Jav. Rar. p. 228. Sterculia chica, St.-Hil. PI. Us. Bras. Merid. t. 46. South Mexico, Yucatan and Tabasco (Johnson) ; Panama (Seemann, 1232 ; S. Hayes). —Colombia, Guiana, Brazil. — Naturalized in the West Indies. Hb. Kew. STERCULIACE^. 127 3. Sterculia mexicana, R. Br. in Horsf. PL Jav. Ear. p. 227. South Mexico, Tabasco (Linden). Hb. Kew. 4. Sterculia oblongifolia, DC. Prodr. i. p. 482 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 106. New Spain (SessS). 5. Sterculia punctata, DC. Prodr. i. p. 483 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 107. New Spain (Sesse). Tribe HELICTERE^E. 2. MYEODIA. Myrodia, Swartz, Prodr. p. 102 (Lexarza, La Have) ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 219. About eight arboreous and shrubby species, limited to Tropical America. 1. Myrodia funebris, Benth. in Joum. Linn. Soc. vi. p. 115. Lexarza funebris, La Llave. South Mexico, Oaxaca (Andrieww, 512), Papantla (Liebmann) ; San Salvador, near Sonsonate (S. Hayes). Hb. Kew. 2. Myrodia turbinata, Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. ii. p. 1227. Mexico (Sesse), without locality. — Also in the West Indies. 3. Myrodia verticillaris, DC. Prodr. i. p. 477 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 99. Mexico (Sesse). 3. QUAKAKIBEA. Quararibea, Aubl. PI. Guian. p. 691, t. 278 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 212. Two arboreous species, the present and Q. guianensis (a native of Guiana and Brazil). 1. Quararibea pterocalyx, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. i. p. 4. (Tab. X.) Ramis puberulis, foliis amplis petiolatis oblongo-lanceolatis ovato-ellipticisve, floribus magnis breviter pedunculatis oppositifoliis, calyce tubuloso persistente anguste decemalato apice irregulariter trilobo. Arbor parva, ramosa, ramis teretibus cano puberulis. Folia petiolata, coriacea, oblongo-lanceolata usque ovato-elliptica, 6-9 poll, longa (forsan interdum ultra), 2^-4 poll, lata, obtusa vel sub- acuta, basi rotundata, parum insequalia, integerrima, supra glabra, lucida, subtus dense flavo puberula, costa venisque elevatis, petiolo tereti ssepe medio leviter geniculato-curvato, 7-10 lin. longo. Flores fulvo-furfuracei, solitarii, oppositifolii, fere sessiles, 3-4 poll, longi, basi bibracteolati, bracteis parvis ; calyx persistens indurescens, tubulosus, sesquipollicaris, lon- gitudinaliter decemalatus, apice irregulariter 3-lobus (forsan etiam interdum 5-lobus) ; petala 5, linearia, apice rotundata, utrinque furfuracea, 3-4-pollicaria ; columna staminea indivisa, robusta, furfuracea, apice antherifera, antheris bilocularibus vel inferioribus interdum unilocularibus, loculis parallelis vel discretis j ovarium 2-loculare, locubs 2-ovulatis ?, stylo columns sequilongo. Fructus (maturus non visus) bilocularis, dispermus, calycis tubo indurato inclusus. Panama, in swampy ground near Frijoli railway-station (S. Hayes, 137). Hb. Kew. A- 128 STEECULIACE^E. Planchon and Triana (Prodr. Fl. Nov. Gran. i. p. 195) unite Quararihea with Myrodia ; but there are characters by which these two genera may be distinguished, though they are closely allied. The species here described and figured certainly has 2-celled anthers ; therefore it is placed next to Myrodia, in this family, instead of leaving it in the Malvaceae. EXPLANATION OP TAB. X. A flowering branch, natural size ; and a vertical section o£ a flower'. 4. BERNOULLIA. Bernoullia, Oliv. in Hook. Ic. PI. t. 1169, 1170. A remarkable new genus of one arboreous species, apparently restricted to Guate- mala. ^1. Bernoullia flammea, Oliv. in Hook. ic. Pi. tt. 1169, 1170. Guatemala, Costa Grande, Ixtacapa (Bernoulli). Hb. Kew. 5. HELICTEEES. Helicteres, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 1025 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 220. Trees and shrubs, inhabiting the warmer regions of both hemispheres, but finding their maximum concentration in America. 1. Helicteres bamensiS, Linn. Mant. p. 122 ; Jacq. PI. Am. 149. Helicteres althemfolia, Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. p. 70, nee Lamk. South Mexico, between Tlacolola and San Bartolo, Oaxaca (Andrieux, 511) ; Panama (Seemann). — West Indies, Guiana, Colombia. Hb. Kew. 2. Helicteres guazumaefolia, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 304. Helicteres mexicana, H. B. K. Helicteres carpinifolia, Presl. South Mexico, Vera Cruz (Galeotti, 4099), between Sepillo and Estero (Schiede) ; Guatemala, without locality (Skinner) ; Panama, island of Taboga (Sinclair). — Tropical South America. Hb. Kew. ^ 3. Helicteres jamaicensis, Jacq. Am. p. 235, 1. 179. fig. 99. Helicteres althecefolia, Lam. Panama (Seemann).— Also in some of the West-Indian Islands, as Jamaica and Haiti Hb. Kew. 4. Helicteres mollis, Presl, Reliq. Heenk. ii. p. 139. South Mexico, west side (Hcenke). 5. Helicteres, sp. (An H. guazumaefolia, H. B. K. V) South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1487) ; Panama (Seemann, Hinds, S. Hayes). Hb. Kew. /W- STEECULIACE.E. 129 Tribe PREMONTIE^E. Limited to this genus and the monotypic Fremontia, which is endemic in California. 6. CHEIKOSTEMON. Cheirostemon, Humb. et Bonpl. PI. Mqaia. i. p. 81, t. 24; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. pp. 212, 983. The genus is limited to the following species, a celebrated tree ; — 1. Cheirostemon platanoides, Humboldt et Bonpl. PI. .Equin. i. p. 82, t. 24 ; Bot. Mag. t. 5135. South Mexico, near Toluca, 8250 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland), calcareous moun- tains near the Pacific Ocean, 7000 feet (Galeotti, 4106), Mexico (Tate, Andrieux, 513, &c); Guatemala, Volcan de Fuego, 8000 to 10,000 feet, Volcan de Agua (Hartweg, 573; Salvin & Godman), ridge above Cubulco and Altos of Guatemala near Los Encuentros, 7000 to 8000 feet (Salvin & Godman). Hb. Kew. Tribe DOMBEYE^E. Dispersed throughout the tropics. 7. MELHANIA. Melhania, Eorsk. Fl. Mg.-krab. p. 64 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 222. Herbs or shrubs, about sixteen species natives of Subtropical and Tropical Africa, Asia, and Australia, and the one American species. 1. Melhania OVata, Webb, Spicil. Gorgon, in Hook. Niger Flora, p. 111. Pentapetes ovata, DC. Prodr. i. p. 498. Brotera ovata, Cav. Ic. v. pp. 19, 433. South Mexico, near Huanujuato (Cavanilles). Cavanilles first published this plant (I. c), stating that it was raised in the Madrid garden from Mexican seeds; probably this was a mistake. Masters (Oliver's 'Flora Tropical Africa,' i. p. 231) refers Cavanilles's figure to Melhania abyssinica, without any explanation whatever. Bentham and Hooker (I. c.) quote Cavanilles, but make no mention of a Mexican or American species. Certainly a cultivated specimen in Hb. Kew., bearing the name Brotera alba, appears to be identical with undoubted M. abyssinica, which is a native of Scinde, Abyssinia, and the Cape-Verd Islands. Tribe HEEMANNIE^]. 8. HEKMANNIA. Hermannia, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 828 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 223. A genus of about eighty herbaceous and shrubby species, whereof three are natives of Texas, four of Tropical Africa and Arabia, and the rest of Extratropical South Africa. BIOL. CENT.-AMER., Bot. Vol. 1, Nov. 1879. S 130 STEKCULIACE^E. 1. Hermannia texana, A. Gray, Gen. 111. ii. p. 88, 1. 135. Texas. — Nokth Mexico (Gregg). 9. PHYSODIUM. Physodium, Presl, Eeliq. Hsenk. ii. p. 150 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 223. The genus consists of the two following shrubby species. 1. Physodium corymbosum, Presl, Eeliq. Hsenk. ii. p. 150, t. 72. South Mexico, St. Bias to Guadalaxara (Coulter, 788), west coast (Hcenke). Hb. Kew. 2. Physodium dubium, Hemsley, Diag. PL Nov. i. p. 4. Fulvo tomentosum, foliis longe petiolatis ovato-rotundatis acuminatis denticulatis, floribus cymosis, calyce campanulato 5-dentatOj petalis obovatis, filamentis fere ad apicem connatis, antheris 5 cum staminodiis dentiformibus alternantibus, ovario villoso. Frutesc, (?) ramis teretibus, novellis dense fulvo tomentosis. Folia longe petiolata, distantia, molliter tomentosa, ovato-rotundata, bipollicaria, acuminata, dentieulata, 3-5-nervia, petiolo 6-12 lin. longo, stipulis subulatis mox deciduis. Flores in cymas densas terminales dispositi ; calycis tubus angulatus, ad 3 lin. longus, lobis brevibus triangulari^subulatis ; petala obovata, deorsum valde attenuata, calyce fere duplo longiora; stamina 5, inclusa, filamentis fere ad apicem monadelphis, antheris staminodiis dentiformibus alternantibus ; ovarium stipitatum, villosum, 5-loculare, stylis liberis, stigmatibus clavatis. Fructus ignotus. South Mexico, between Acatlan and Chila, Puebla (Andrieux, 507). Hb. Kew. Physodium does not appear to differ generically from Melochia ; but I have followed Bentham and Hooker in referring this plant to Presl's genus. 10. MELOCHIA. Melochia, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 829 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 223. Herbs or shrubs, or rarely arboreous. About fifty species are known ; and they are spread over nearly all tropical and subtropical regions. Some of the following names probably belong to the same species. 1. Melochia COrymbosa, DC. Prodr. i. p. 491 (sub Biedleia). South Mexico (SessS). 2. Melochia hirsuta, Cav. Diss. vi. p. 323, 1. 175. fig. 1. Riedleia serrata, Vent. Choix, t. 37. Biedleia heterotricha, Turcz. South Mexico, Jalapa (Galeotti, 4081 ; Coulter, 793) ; Nicakagua (Tate) ; Panama (Seemcmn, Halsted, 8. Hayes).— Widely dispersed in Tropical South Amekica and the West Indies. Hb. Kew. STEECULIACE.E. 131 3. Melochia inflata, Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. p. 71. Mougeotia inflata, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. t. 484. Panama, Veraguas (Seemann).— This species has a wide range in Tropical South America, and it is also found in Jamaica. Hb. Kew. 4. Melochia intermpta, Schl. in Linngea, xi. p. 375 (sub Biedleia). South Mexico, Hacienda de la Laguna (Schiede). 5. Melochia jurgensenii, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1858, i. p. 211 (sub Biedleia). Mexico (Jurgensen, 751). 6. Melochia melissaefblia, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. p. 127. Panama (Fendler, 17). — Tropical South America, West Indies. Also in Western Tropical Africa. Hb. Kew. 7. Melochia nodiflora, Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. ii. p. 1139. Riedleia urticeefolia, Turcz. South Mexico, Acapulco (Sinclair), Oaxaca (Galeotti, 4091); Nicaragua, Gulf of Ponseca (Sinclair); Panama (Seemann, S. Hayes). — West Indies, Colombia. Hb.Kew. 8. Melochia parvifolia, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 325. South Mexico, Tepic (Lay). Originally described from specimens collected near Caracas. 9. Melochia pyramidata, Linn. Syst. p. 510. Melochia domingensis, Jacq. Hort. Vindb. i. t. 30. North Mexico (Mex. Bound. Survey, 118) ; South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 794), Acapulco (Sinclair), Cordova (Bourgeau, 1739); Guatemala (Friederichsthal). — Nearly all over Tropical America and the West Indies. This species also occurs in Tropical Australia, East Africa, Mauritius, and some of the Pacific Islands. Hb. Kew. 10. Melochia plicata, Presl, Reliq. Heenk. ii. p. 145. South Mexico, Acapulco (Hcenke). 11. Melochia serrata, Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. p. 71. Riedleia serrata, Vent. Choix, t. 37; ? = hirsuta. South Mexico, Jalapa (Coulter, 793 ; Galeotti, 4081) ; Nicaragua (Tate) ; Panama (Seemann, S. Hayes). — Widely dispersed in Tropical South America and the West Indies. Hb. Kew. 12. Melochia SCUtellarioideS, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1858, ii. p. 10 (sub Biedleia). Mexico (Linden, 835). s2 132 STEECULIACE^E. 13. Melochia tenella, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1858, i. p. 212 (sub Eiedleia). Mexico (Jurgensen, 506). 14. Melochia tomentella, Presl, Eeliq. Hamk. ii. p. 148 (sub Eiedleia). South Mexico, Acapulco (Hcenke). 15. Melochia tomentosa, Linn. Sp. Pi. p. 932. North Mexico, Sonora Alta (Coulter, 797); South Mexico, Acapulco (Barclay), Oaxaca (Andrieux, 506), Jalapa (Galeotti). — Nearly all over Tropical South America and the West Indies. Hb. Kew. ^le. Melochia, sp. (affinis M. concinnoB, Miq.). Panama, Empire railway-station (S. Hayes). Hb. Kew. 11. WALTHEEIA. Waltheria, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 827; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 224. Herbs, shrubs, or rarely arboreous. About sixteen species, of which one is very widely dispersed in tropical and subtropical countries, two are African, two are natives of Oceania, and the rest American. 1. Waltheria americana, Linn. Sp. PL p. 941. Waltheria indica, Linn. Cav. Diss. vi. t. 170. Found in nearly all the Tropical and Subtropical regions throughout the world, and common from Panama to North Mexico. 2. Waltheria brevipes, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1858, L p. 213. South Mexico, San Pedro Nolasco &c. (Jurgensen, 121, in part). 3. Waltheria detonsa, A. Gray, PL Wright, ii. p. 24. North Mexico, Magdalena, Sonora (Thurber), rocky hills on the Sonoita, near Kancho Desierto (Wright). V 4. Waltheria glomerata, Presl, Eeliq. Henk. ii. p. 152. South Mexico, Guichilona, between Tehuantepec and the river Guazacualco (Andrieux, 510) ; Panama (Hcenke, Seemann, S. Hayes). Hb. Kew. 5. Waltheria hirsuta, Presl, Eeliq. Hsenk. ii. p. 152. South Mexico, west side (Hcenke). 6. Waltheria preslii, Walp. Eep. i. p. 340. Waltheria rotundifolia, Presl, nee Zucc. South Mexico, Acapulco (Hcenke), Oaxaca (Galeotti, 4093). Hb. Kew. STEECTJLIACELE. 133 Tribe BUETTNERIEjE. 12. THEOBEOMA. Theobroma, Linn. Gen. Plant, i. n. 900 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 225. The genus is endemic in America, and comprises about eighteen species ; see Ber- noulli, " Uebersicht der bis jetzt bekannten Arten von Theobroma" with seven plates. 1. Theobroma angUStifolia, DC. Prod. i. p. 484; Caiques des Dess. IX Mex. 112. South Mexico, without locality (Sesse); Costa Eica, without locality (Hoffmann). Hb. Berol. 2. Theobroma bicolor, Humb. et Bonpl. PI. ^Equin. i. p. 104, t. 30. South Mexico, Chiapas (Linden) ; Guatemala, Mazatenango (Bernoulli, 94), culti- vated.—A native of Colombia, Guiana, North Brazil, and possibly also of Guatemala. Hb. Kew. 3. Theobroma cacao, Linn. Sp. Pi. p. lioo. Cacao sativa, Lamk. 111. t. 653. Panama (Seemann), cultivated ; Nicaragua (Levy), cultivated % Hb. Kew. " Cultivated and wild throughout Tropical America." — Bernoulli, loc. cit. 4. Theobroma OVatifolia, DC. Prodr. i. p. 485 ; Caiques des Dess. PI. Mex. 113. Mexico. 13. HEEEANIA. Herrania, Goud. Ann. Sc. Nat. serie 3, ii. p. 230 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 225. Three or four arboreous species, confined to the warmer parts of America. 1. Herrania albiflora, Goud. Ann. Sc. Nat. serie 3, ii. p. 230, t. 5. Panama (S. Hayes, sketch of fruit from Hb. Hanbury). — Colombia. Hb. Kew. 14. GUAZUMA. Guazuma, Plum, in Juss. Gen. Plant, p. 276 (Bubroma, Schreb. ; Biuroglossum, Turcz.) ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 225. Trees, about half a dozen species, one of which is now widely dispersed in tropical countries, having been introduced from America ; one is recorded as a native of Java, and the rest are American. 1. Guazuma polybotrya, Cav. Ic. iii. p. 51, t. 299. South Mexico, Acapulco and Tepic (Lay & Collie); "New Spain" (Cavanilles). £ — 2. Guazuma tomentosa, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 320. Texas. — South Mexico, between Chalco and Gonacatepec (Andrieux, 505), Yucatan 134 STEKCTJLIACE.E. and Tabasco {Johnson) ; Guatemala (Bernoulli, Friedrichsthal) ; Nicaragua {Levy, 17). Colombia, Peku, Guiana, Tkinidad. Also in the East Indies and Java. Hb. Kew. 3. Guazuma tllmifolia, Lamk. Diet. iii. p. 52 ; A. St.-Hil. PI. Us. Bras. t. 47. South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1278 and 1462), Vera Cruz (Galeotti, 7103).— Widely dispersed in Teopical Amebica and the West Indies. Hb. Kew. 15. AYENIA. Ayenia, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 1020 {Cybiostigma, Turcz.) ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 225. Herbs or shrubs, about ten or twelve species, confined to America. 1. Ayenia COrdifolia, DC. Prodr. i. p. 488 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 105. Mexico, in the mountains (Mogino & Sesse). This is probably the same as A. magna. 2. Ayenia magna, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1354. Cybiostigma abutilifolium, Turcz. South Mexico, Mirador, Vera Cruz (Linden, 27), Yucatan (Linden, 848). — West Indies, Colombia. Hb. Kew. 3. Ayenia microphylla, A. Gray, PI. Wright, in Sm. Contrib. v. p. 24. Texas, New Mexico to — South Mexico, Oaxaca (Galeotti, 7168). Hb. Kew. 4. Ayenia Ovata, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 4. (Tab. XI. figg. 1-4.) Frutescens, cano vel fulvo tomentosa, foliis petiolatis ovatis cuspidulato-dentatis subtus velutinis, floribus subumbellatis, umbellis axillaribus pedunculitis 3-5-floris, petalis longe graciliterque unguiculatis, limbo basi cordato, ovario villoso longe stipitato. Frutex, ramis teretibus gracilibus,novellis cinereo vel flavo tomentosis. Folia petiolata, ovata vel ovato- lanceolata, 1-2-pollicaria, acuta vel obtusa, basi rotundata vel leviter cordata, regulariter cuspi- dulato-dentata, supra brevissime pubescentia, infra velutina, venis prominentibus,petiolo 4-6 lin. longo, stipulis lineari-subulatis deciduis. Flores majusculi, subumbellati, singulariter evoluti, pedunculis gracilibus 3-12 lin. longis, pedicellis 3-6 lin. longis ; sepala 5, membranacea, ovato- lanceolata, acuta, 3-4 lin. longa, extus villosa, intus glabra colorata ; petala 5, longe unguiculata, unguiculis filiformibus, laminis basi cordatis, apice urceolo stamineo adnatis; stamina 3, antheris 3-locularibus ; ovarium stipitatum, villosum, stylo brevi, stigmate capitato. Fructus non visus. South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 1515). Hb. Kew. EXPLANATION OP TAB. XL Figg. 1-4. Fig. 1, a flower, enlarged ; 2, staminal tube cut open and showing the attachment to the tips of the petals ; 3, blade of petal with one of the 3-celled anthers attached to its under surface ; 4, section of an ovary. This has been confounded with A. magna, which appears to have received its name in contrast to A. pusilla ; but our plant has larger and fewer flowers, and a decidedly STERCULIACE.E. 135 stipitate ovary. There is a cultivated specimen in Kew herbarium exactly like Coulter's. 5. Ayenia pusilla, Linn. Sp. PL p. 1354 ; Cav. Diss. v. t. 147. Texas and New Mexico to — North Mexico, Chiricahui mountains, Sonora (Wright). — Also in South America from Colombia to Peru and Uruguay, and in the West Indies. Hb. Kew. 6. Ayenia rotundifolia, Hemsley, Diag. PL Nov. pars 1, p. 4. (Tab. XI. figg. 2 et 5-8.) Frutescens, ramis glabrescentibus, foliis longe petiolatis ovato-rotundatis crenatis utrinque molliter pubescentibus, floribus axillaribus solitariis vel pedunculis 2-3-floris, petalis longe graciliterque unguiculatis, limbo basi sagittato, ovario longe stipitato. Frutex, ramis teretibus gracilibus elongatis, novellis dense breviterque cinereo pubescentibus. Folia longe petiolata, velutino-pubescentia, ovata, rotundata vel cordata, 6-12 lin. lata, crenulato- dentata, apice obtusa vel retusa, petiolo gracili 4-7 lin. longo, stipulis parvis linearibus. Flores in axillis foliorum sobtarii vel pedunculis 2-3-floris, pedicellis gracilibus basi bracteolatis ; sepala 4 vel 5, membranacea, ovato-lanceolata, ad 2 lin. longa, extus stellato-pubescentia, intus colorata ; petala 4 vel 5, tenuiter unguiculata, ad 4 lin. longa, lamina subquadrata eglandulosa angulis inferioribus breviter caudatis ; stamina 3, filamentorum tubo 1^ lin. longo, antheris 3-locu- laribusj ovarium stipitatum, pubescens, 3-loculare (?), stylo brevi, stigmate capitato. Fructus mihi ignotus. South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 1514). Hb. Kew. Allied to A. microphylla, but differing materially in the distinctly stipitate ovary &c. EXPLANATION OP TAB. XI. Figg. 2 et 5-8. Fig. 2, portion of a plant, nat. size ; 5, a flower, enlarged ; 6, staminal tube cut open and snowing attachment to the petals; 7,. limb of a petal with one of the 3-celled anthers attached to the under surface ; 8, section of the ovary. 7. Ayenia sidaefolia, Hemsl. Cybiostigma sidcefolium, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1852, ii. p. 156. South Mexico, Oaxaca, Pacific coast (Galeotti, 326), without lolality (Bath). Hb. Kew. 8. Ayenia, sp. South Mexico, around Toluca in the province of Mexico (Andrieux, 504). Hb. Kew. 16. BUETTNERIA. Buettneria, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 268; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 225. About fifty species, whereof ten are found in the tropics of the Old World, and the rest in America. 136 STEECTJLIACELS. i 1. Buettneria carthagenensis, Jacq. Amer. p. 41. Panama (Seemann). This is perhaps the same as B. lanceolata, DC. 2. Buettneria lanceolata, DC. Prod. i. p. 487 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 103. South Mexico, Jalapa (QaleoUi, 7054 and 7143), Vera Cruz (Linden, 8) ; Guatemala (Bernoulli, Sinclair) ; Panama, Empire railway-station (S. Hayes, 246).— And Teopical parts of South Ameeica. Hb. Kew. 3. Buettneria lateralis, Presl, Eeliq. Haenk. ii. p. 144. South Mexico, west side (Hcenke). 4. Buettneria rubicaulis, Presl, Eeliq. Haenk. ii. p. 145. South Mexico, west side (Hcenke). 5. Buettneria salicifolia, Presl, Eeliq. Haenk. ii. p. 144. South Mexico, west side (Hcenke). 6. Buettneria tiliaefolia, Presl, Eeliq. Haenk. ii. p. 144. South Mexico, west side (Hcenke). 7. Buettneria, sp. n. \ (B. catalpcefolice aff.) South Mexico, woods on the Pacific coast of Oaxaca (Galeotti, 7139). Hb. Kew. 8. Buettneria, sp. South Mexico, between Tlacolola and Totolapa, Oaxaca (Andrieux, 503). Hb. Kew. Order XXVI. TILIACE.E. Tiliacea, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 228. Trees or shrubs, rarely herbaceous. About 350 species, belonging to forty-five genera, distributed over all parts of the world except the frigid regions. Tribe GREWIE^l. 1. BELOTIA. Belotia, A. Rich. Fl. Cub. i. p. 20; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 233. Hooker and Bentham (I. c.) regard all the forms (except, perhaps, B. insignis, subse- quently published) as varieties of one arboreous species. l. Belotia grewiaefolia, A. Eich. Fl. Cub. i. p. 207, t. 21. Grewia mexicana, DC. Adenodiscus mexicanus, Turcz. South Mexico, without localities (Harris, Jurgensen, 772).— West Indies. Hb. Kew. /~~ tiliacbj:. 137 >>- 2. Belotia galeottii, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xix. p. 504. South Mexico, Montecinos, Vera Cruz (Linden, 43), Jalapa (Galeotti); Nicaragua, Chontales (Seemann, 12). Hb. Kew. 3. Belotia insignis, Baill. Adans. x. p. 182. Mexico (Ohiesbreght, 356). Hb. Paris. 4. Belotia, sp. Panama, Paraiso railway-station (S. Hayes, 438). Hb. Kew. This is probably B. grewimfolia, to which also, perhaps, B. galeottii will have to be referred. 2. TKIUMFETTA. Triumfetta, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 600 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 234. Herbs, undershrubs, or shrubs. About forty or fifty species, dispersed in the tropics of both hemispheres, some having a wide range. Several of the following names will doubtless prove to be synonyms of others. 1. Triumfetta althseoides, Lam. Diet. iii. p. 420. South Mexico, Yucatan and Tabasco (Johnson, 58), without locality (Aschenbom). — Common in Tropical South America and the West Indies. Hb. Kew. 2. Triumfetta botteriana, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1859, i. p. 260. South Mexico, Orizaba (Botteri, 773). Hb. Kew. 3. Triumfetta bogotensis, DC. Prodr. i. p. 506. Triumfetta pilosa, H. B. K. Var. a. genuina, PI. et Tr. Prodr. Fl. N. Granatensis, i. p. 224. Panama (Buchassaing). Var. /3. grandMora, PL et Tr. Prodr. Fl. N. Granatensis, i. p. 224. Triumfetta dumetorwm, Schl. in Linnsea, xi. p. 377. South Mexico, in thickets about Jalapa (Schiede), Tlalpujahua (Keerl). — Colombia. Hb. Kew. 4. Triumfetta brachypetala, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1858, i. p. 227. South Mexico, without locality (Linden, 97). 5. Triumfetta galeottiana, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1859, i. p. 260. South Mexico, Jalapa (Galeotti, 4153), region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 2897; Botteri, 765), Mirador, Vera Cruz (Linden, 47). Hb. Kew. 6. Triumfetta heterophylla, Lam. Diet. iii. p. 420. Nicaragua, Gulf of Fonseca (Sinclair).— Colombia, Guiana, West Indies. Hb. Kew. 7. Triumfetta hispida, A. Eich. Fl. Cub. i. p. 204. Panama, West Indies.— (Grisebach, Fl. Brit. W. Indies). biol. cent.-amek., Bot. Vol. 1, Nov. 1879. t 138 TILIACEA ^8. Triumfetta josefina, Polakowsky in Linnsea, xli. p. 552. Costa Eica, on the outskirts of gardens and in woods (Polakowsky). 9. Triumfetta lindeniana, Turcz. in Bull: Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1858, i. p. 229. South Mexico, Jalapa, 4000 feet (Linden, 59). 10. Triumfetta lappula, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 637 ; Plum. ed. Burm. t. 255. South Mexico, Guadalajara (Galeotti, 4150); Nicaragua, Chontales (Tate), Gulf of Fonseca (Sinclair) ; Panama (S. Hayes). — A very common Teopical-Ameeican and West-Indian species. Hb. Kew. 11. Triumfetta longicuspis, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1858, i. p. 229. South Mexico, Sierra San Pedro Nolasco &c. (Jurgensen, 882, 960). Hb. Kew. 12. Triumfetta mollissima, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 345, t. 488. South Mexico, near Los dos Puentes, Hacienda de la Laguna (Schiede). — Colombia. 13. Triumfetta obovata, Scbl. et Ch. in Linnaea, v. p. 228. South Mexico, Jalapa (Galeotti, 7062), Mirador, Vera Cruz (Linden, 26), Hacienda de la Laguna (Schiede & Beppe). Hb. Kew. 14. Triumfetta Orizabse, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1859, i. p. 261. South Mexico, Orizaba (Botteri, 771 and 772 ; Bourgeau, 2846). Hb. Kew. 15. Triumfetta oxyphylla, DC. Prodr. i. p. 508. South Mexico, Chiapas (Ghiesbreght, 166 and 625). Hb. Kew. 16. Triumfetta paniculata, Hook, et Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 279. South Mexico, Jalisco (Lay & Collie). Hb. Kew. 17. Triumfetta polyandra, DC. Prodr. i. p. 508. Triumfetta grandiflora, Vahl. ? Triumfetta longicuspis, Turcz. Noeth Mexico, Sierra Madre (Seemann, 2147); South Mexico. — Peeu, Mont- seeeat and Dominica. Hb. Kew. i 18. Triumfetta semitriloba, Linn., ex A. Rich. Fl. Cub. p. 80. Triumfetta havanensis, H. B. K. South Mexico, Jalapa (Coulter, 792) ; Guatemala, Volcan de Fuego (Salvin) ; Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 172), Isle of Taboga (Seemann, S. Hayes). — This has a wide range in Teopical Ameeica and the West Indies. Also common in the tropics of the Old Woeld. Hb. Kew. \' 19. Triumfetta Speciosa, Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald,' p. 86. Triumfetta macrocalyx, Turcz. South Mexico, Jalapa (Galeotti, 1973), without special locality (Jurgensen, 614); Guatemala, Chilasco (Salvin & Godman) ; Panama, Boquete, Veraguas (Seemann, 1240). Hb. Kew. TILIACE^;. 139 ^ 20. Triumfetta, sp. (T. bogotensi aff.) South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau) ; Guatemala, Duenas (Salvin & Godmari). Hb. Kew. 21. Triumfetta, sp. South Mexico, Vera Cruz to Orizaba {Mutter, 148). Hb. Kew. 3. HELIOCAEPUS. Heliocarpus, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 606 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 234. A genus of about half a dozen species, restricted to Tropical America. 1. Heliocarpus americanus, Linn. Sp. Pi. p. 643; Hort. Cliff, p. 211, 1. 16. South Mexico, Zacuapan (Linden, 858), Orizaba (Botteri, 882), Vera Cruz (Galeotti, 4155) ; Guatemala, Volcan de Fuego (Salvin). Hb. Kew. 2. Heliocarpus arborescens, Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald,' p. 86. Nicaragua, Chontales (Levy) ; Panama, Veraguas (Seemann). Hb. Kew. 3. Heliocarpus appendiculatus, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1858, i. p. 226, South Mexico, Tabasco (Linden, 1605, 2065). Hb. Kew. 4. Heliocarpus popayanensis, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 341. Panama (S. Hayes, 437), Island of Taboga (Barclay). — Colombia. Hb. Kew. 5. Heliocarpus tomentOSUS, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1858, i. p. 226. South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1574 and 1815), Mirador (Linden, 85), Oaxaca (Galeotti, 4162). Hb. Kew. 6. Heliocarpus, sp. Nicaragua, Chontales (Tate, 384). Hb. Kew. 7. Heliocarpus, sp. South Mexico, Barranca, near Cuernavaca (Bourgeau, 1200), without special habitat (Bates). Hb. Kew. Tribe TILLED. 4. COECHOEUS. Corchorus, Linn. Gen. Plant, n, 675 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 235. Herbs or shrubs. About thirty-five species, chiefly natives of the tropics of the Old World, some being amphigseous. 1. Corchorus argutus, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 337. Panama (JDuchassaing). — Colombia. Planchon and Triana (Prodr. Fl. Nov. Gran. i. p. 223) think this may be a variety of the next. t2 140 TJIJACEM. 2. CorchONlS piloSUS, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 338, t. 487. South Mexico, Hacienda de la Laguna (Schiede). — Colombia. 3. Corcliorus pilolobus, Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. ii. p. 72. South Mexico, near Tantoyuca (Ervendberg, 196 and 197). This is referred by some botanists to the next. 4. Corchorus siliquosus, Linn. Sp. PL p. 746. Tropical and subtropical regions of America: common from Flobida to — South Mexico, Yucatan and Tabasco {Johnson) ; Panama (Seemann, Duchassaing). — And from the West Indies to Peru and Brazil. Hb. Kew. 5. LUHEA. Luhea, Willd. in Neue Schr. Ges. nat. Pr. Berl. iii. p. 409, t. 5 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 235. Trees and shrubs. About sixteen species, endemic in America. l. Luhea platypetala, A. Eich. Fl. Cub. i. p. 212, t. 23. Luhea rufescens, Benth. nee St.-Hil. Alegria Candida, DC. Prodr. i. p. 517 ; Caiques des Dess. PI. Mex. 102. South Mexico, Oaxaca (Ghiesbreght), Omealco (Bourgeau, 3113), Mexico (Jurgensen, 769) ; Nicaragua, Gulf of Fonseca (Sinclair) ; Panama (Duchassaing, S. Hayes). — And widely dispersed in Tropical South America. Hb. Kew. S 2. Luhea seemanni, PI. et Tr. Prodr. Fl. N. Gran. i. p. 220. Luhea rufescens, Seem, nee St.-Hil. Panama, forests in the south of Veraguas (Seemann). Hb. Kew. 3. Luhea, sp. South Mexico, between Tlacolola and Tolotapa, Oaxaca (Andrieux, 502). Hb. Kew. 6. MUNTINGIA. Muntingia, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 651 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 236. One species. A small tree, endemic in America. )t 1. Muntingia calabura, Linn. Sp. PL p. 728; Jacq. Am. p. 166, t. 107. Common in Tropical America and the West Indies, including Panama, Nicaragua, Guatemala, and South Mexico. Hb. Kew. 7. TILIA. Tilia, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 660; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 236. About twelve arboreous species, scattered in the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere. A- TILIACELE. 141 1. Tilia mexicana, Benth. PI. Hartw. p. 35, nee Schl. South Mexico, Orizaba (Botteri, 988), Oaxaca (Galeotti, 4158), Zimapan (Coulter, 790), between Anganguio and San Andres (Graham), without locality (Hartweg). Hb. Kew. 2. Tilia mexicana, Schl. in Linn6ea, xi. p. 377. =T. americana, Linn.? South Mexico, Cuesta Grande de Chiconquiaco (Schiede). [Tilia heterophylla, Vent. DC. Prodr. i. p. 513. DeCandolle says he has a Mexican specimen resembling this species, which is a native of North America ; but there is, so far as we are aware, no record of its having been found south of North Carolina.] Tribe APEIBE.E. 8. APEIBA. Apeiba, AuM. PI. Guian. i. p. 537, tt. 213-216 (Aubletia, Schreb.) ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 237. The genus is endemic in America, and consists of five or six arboreous and shrubby species. 1. Apeiba tibourbou, Aubl. Guian. i. p. 538, t. 213. South Mexico, Guichilona, between Tehuantepec and the river Goazacualco (Andrieux, 501) ; Panama (Fendler, 8. Hayes). — In nearly all Tropical parts of South Ameeica and the West Indies ; but apparently not extending far southward on the western side of the continent. Hb. Kew. Tribe PROCKIEjE. 9. PEOCKIA. Prockia, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 674 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 237 (Kettettia, Seem.) . An exclusively American genus, comprising two or three shrubby species. 1. Prockia Criicis, Linn. Sp. PL p. 74 ; Vahl, Symb. iii. t. 64. Kettettia odorata, Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald/ p. 85. South Mexico, Vera Cruz (Linden, 669); Guatemala (Bernoulli, 309); Panama, La Mesa (Seemann). — West Indies, Brazil, &c. Hb. Kew. 2. Prockia Obovata, Presl, Eeliq. Haenk. ii. p. 94. South Mexico, Acapulco (Hcenke). 10. HASSELTIA. Hasseltia, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vii. p. 231 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 238. Consisting of about four arboreous species, confined to Tropical America. 142 TTUACEM. * l. Hasseltia floribunda, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vii. p. 232, t. 651. Nicaragua (Tate) ; Panama (Seemann, S. Hayes). — Colombia, Ecuadob. Hb. Kew. * 2. Hasseltia pyramidalis, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. i. p. 4. Frutescens, foliis petiolatis glabris oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis obtusis remotiuscule crenato- serratis, floribus albis racemoso-paniculatis, paniculis pyramidiformibus, filamentis crispis, stylo br.evi trifido. Frutex, ramis tenuibus teretibus, junioribus puberulis. Folia alterna, glabra, petiolata vix coriacea, subtrinervia, oblongo-lanceolata, 3-6-pollicaria, acuminata, obtusissima, basi cuneata, supra obscure biglandulosa, remotiuscule crenato-serrata, petiolo gracili, 3-12 lin. longo. Flores albi (Linden), pedicellati, racemoso-paniculati ; paniculae laxse, tenninales folia superantes ; sepala 4 (vel interdum 5 ?), pubescentia, ovato-obtusa ; petala 4 (vel interdum 5 ?), obovato-spatulata, pubescentia, sepalis sequilonga; stamina numerosissima, libera, petalis breviora, antheris parvis, filamentis filiformibus crispis ; ovarium villosum, triloculare, multiovulatum (?) ; styli brevissimi, trifidi. Fructus ignotus. South Mexico, Chiapas, Zulusuchiapa (Linden, 1639); Honduras (Armstrong). Hb. Kew. This differs from H. floribunda and H. pubescens (which is possibly only a hairy state of H. floribunda) in its shrubby habit, smaller and thinner leaves, loose pyramidal panicles (not dense corymbose flat-topped panicles), and in other characters, given above. ( 3. Hasseltia, sp. Nicaragua, without locality (Tate). Hb. Kew. Tribe SLOANEA. 11. SLOANEA. Sloanea, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 655 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 238. Trees, about thirty species, restricted to Tropical America. i 1. Sloanea quadrivalvis, Seem. Bot. Voy. 'Herald,' p. 85, t. 15. Basy carpus quadrivalvis, ffirst. Nicaeagua ((Ersted) ; Panama (S. Hayes, Seemann). Hb. Kew. [Lecostemon, Moc. et Sesse, according to a pencil note in a copy of Bentham and Hooker's < Genera Plantarum ' (Bib. Kew.), is perhaps a Sloanea.'] Series II. DISCIFLOBJE. Order XXVII. LINACE.E. Linece, Bentb. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 241. About 135 species, belonging to fourteen genera. The herbaceous species are mostly natives of the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, and the shrubby and arboreous ones mainly of tropical countries. JjTNACEM. 143 Tribe LINE^E. 1. LINUM. Linum, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 389; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 242. About eighty herbaceous species, inhabiting both north and south temperate and subtropical regions ; a few occurring in Tropical South America. 1. Linum aristatum, Engelm. in Bot. Wisliz. Eep. p. 101. Utah, Colorada ; New Mexico. — North Mexico, between El Paso and Chihuahua (Wright). Hb. Kew. 2. Linum berlandieri, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3480. Carolina, Georgia, Texas, New Mexico. — North Mexico, Chihuahua (Torrey). 3. Linum Cruciatum, Planch, in Hooker's Lond. Journ. Bot. vii. p. 499. Linum schiedeanum, Hook, et Arn. nee Ch. et SchL North Mexico, Sierra Madre (Seemann). — South Mexico, Tepic (Barclay) ; Guate mala (Bernoulli). Hb. Kew. 4. Linum greggii, Engelm. in A. Gray, PL Wright, i. p. 26. North Mexico, near Saltillo (Gregg). 5. Linum guatemalense, Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. p. 67. South Mexico, Orizaba (SalU), Vera Cruz (Linden, 821), Toluca (Andrieux, 524), Oaxaca (Galeotti, 4189); Guatemala, near Santa Maria, Volcan de Agua (Salvin & Godman), without locality (Skinner). Hb. Kew. 6. Linum hypericifblium, Presl, Keliq. Hsenk. ii. p. 2 ; Planch, in Hooker's Lond. Journ. Bot. vii. p. 482. " L. suffruticosum glabrum; caulibus erectis angulatis ; foliis ovato-oblongis utrinque acutis sparsis oppositis ternisve ; panicula ampla ; sepalis ovatis acuminatis uninerviis ; capsulis mucronatis." — Presl. Planchon states (loc. cit.) that L. guatemalense, Benth., may possibly be this species, though its leaves are rather different, and the pedicels are always shorter than the flowers. Mexico (Hcenke). 7. Linum mexicanum, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 39 ; Bot. Keg. 1. 1326. South Mexico, in woods near Santa Eosa, 7800 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland), Zima- pan (Coulter, 759), Oaxaca (Galeotti, 4189), in woods near Jalapa (Schiede & Beppe), valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 692), Chiapas (Ghiesbreght, 641), Desierto (Bilimek, 61). Hb. Kew. 8. Linum orizabae, Planch, in Hooker's Lond. Journ. Bot. vii, p. 482. South Mexico, Orizaba, Vera Cruz (Galeotti, 821). Hb. Kew. 144 linacej:. 9. Linum perenne, Linn. Sp. PL p. 397. Linum decurrens, Kellogg, in Proc. Calif. Acad. iii. p. 44, fig. 11. North America from the Arctic Circle to — North Mexico, dry valleys near Saltillo (Gregg). — Also in Europe and N. Asia. Hb. Kew. 10. Linum rupestre, Engelm. PI. Lindh. ii. p. 232. Texas, New Mexico. — North Mexico, Saltillo (Gregg). Var. j3. Cymosulum, Engelm. in A. Gray, PI. Wright, i. p. 26, in adnot. North Mexico, Buena Vista (Gregg). 11. Linum SCabrellum, Planch, in Hooker's Lond. Journ. Bot. vii. p. 507. South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 754). Hb. Kew. 12. Linum SChiedeanum, Ch. et Schl. in Linnaea, v. p. 234. South Mexico, Orizaba (Botteri, Mutter), San Andres (Schiede 8f Beppe), Eegla (Ehrenberg). Var. COUlterianum, Planch. Zimapan (Coulter, 758). Hb. Kew. 13. Linum tenellum, Ch. et Schl. in Linnaea, v. p. 235. South Mexico, Jalapa (Galeotti, 4042 and 7071 ; Schiede 8f Beppe), Vera Cruz (Lin- den, 822). Hb. Kew. [14. Linum usitatissimum, Linn. Sp. Pi. p. 397. A European species introduced into Mexico, Orizaba (Botteri, 744). Hb. Kew. J 15. Linum virginianum, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 398. North America from New Jersey to Florida, Texas and — Mexico, Orizaba (Bourgeau, 3210). Hb. Kew. Tribe ERYTHROXYLE.E. 2. EEYTHEOXYLON. Erythroxylon, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 575 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 244. Shrubs and trees, upwards of fifty species, of which about ten occur in Africa and Madagascar, three in East India, and one in Australia, the remainder being American. ' 1. Erythroxylon macrophyllum, Cav. Diss. t. 227. Erythroxylon amplum, Benth. Erythroxylon floribundum, Seem, nee Mart. South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1956 and 2211); Panama, Veraguas (Seemann).— Colombia, Guiana, West Indies. Hb. Kew. 2. Erythroxylon mexicanum, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 178. South Mexico, near Chilpancingo (Humboldt & Bonpland). •_ linace^:. 145 3. Erythroxylon panamense, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1863, p. 581. Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 1931). Hb. Kew. 4. Erythroxylon popayanense, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 177 ? Panama, Bujio railway-station (S. Hayes). — Colombia. Hb. Kew. 5. Erythroxylon, sp. n. 1 (JE. betulaceo aff.) South Mexico, Vera Cruz (Galeotti, 7171). Hb. Kew. 6. Erythroxylon, sp. Costa Eica (Entires, 157). Hb. Kew. [Humiriacece is an order consisting of three or four genera and about twenty-five species, which, with the exception of one Tropical- African and one Fijian, are restricted to Tropical America, chiefly in North Brazil and Guiana ; but none have as yet been detected in Central America or Mexico.] Order XXVIII. MALPIGHIACE.E. Malpighiacecs, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 247. This order consists of fifty genera, comprising about 600 species, whereof two or three are Australian, about a dozen occur in Tropical Africa, as many in the East Indies, and the remainder are nearly all American, attaining their greatest concentration in Brazil and Guiana. A few species are found in the extratropical regions of North and South America. Tribe MALPIGHIE.E. The whole of this tribe is restricted to America ; it is characterized by having wing- less fruits. 1. BYRSONIMA. Byrsonima, Rich, et Juss. in Ann. Mus. xviii. p. 481 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 251. Trees or shrubs, often climbing. 1. Byrsonima coriacea, DC. Prodr. i. p. 580. Byrsonima berteroana, Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 39. Guatemala (Skinner). — Jamaica and St. Vincent. Hb. Kew. 2. Byrsonima cotinifolia, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 152, t. 447. North Mexico, Cerro de Pinal (Seemann) ; South Mexico, San Bias to Tepic (Coulter, 864), Tepic and Acapulco (Lay & Collie), in rocky places between Laguna Verde and Actopan and Tecoluta (Schiede & Deppe), Chiapas (GMesbreght). Hb. Kew. biol. cent.-amek., Bot. Vol. 1, Nov. 1879. u 146 MAIiPIGHIACIia:. X 3. Byrosonima crassifolia, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 149. Byrsonima cumingiana, Ad. Juss. Panama (Sinclair ; Fendler, 24 ; Seemann, 320). — Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, Cuba, and Dominica. Hb. Kew. . 4. Byrsonima karwinsMana, Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 34. South Mexico, Yucatan and Tabasco (Johnson), in savannas near Vera Cruz (Linden, 913). Hb. Kew. 5. Byrsonima oaxacana, Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 29. Byrsonima cotinifolia, Benth. nee H. B. K. South Mexico, Guichilona, between Tehuantepec and the river Gnazacualco (Andrieux, 491 ; Eartweg). Hb. Kew. V 6. Byrsonima panamensis, Beurling, Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 1854, p. 117. Panama (Billberg). 7. Byrsonima pulchra, DC. Prodr. i. p. 580 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 134. Mexico (Mocino & Sesse). Nt 8. Byrsonima rufescens, Bert. Fl. Guat. p. 18. Guatemala, Esquintla (Velasquez). «l9. Byrsonima spicata, DC. Prodr. i. p. 580. Malpighia spicata, Cav. Diss. 409, t. 237. Panama, near the city of Panama (S. Hayes, 349).— Cuba, Dominica, Trinidad, and northern parts of South America. Hb. Kew. 10. Byrsonima StigmatophortlS, Schl. in Linnaea, x. p. 241. South Mexico, at Tehuantepec, Oaxaca (KarwinsM). 1 11. Byrsonima verbasci&lia, A. Kich. in Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 26. Malpiffhia verbascifolia, Aubl. Guian. t. 184. Panama (Sinclair, Hinds, Fendler).— Common in Colombia, Guiana, Brazil, and occurring in Trinidad. Hb. Kew. 2. MALPIGHIA. Malpiffhia, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 572; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 251. This genus comprises about twenty species of shrubs and small trees. 1. Malpighia emarginata, DC. Prodr. i. p. 578 ; Caiques des Dess Fl Mex 135. Mexico. (Mogino & Sesse). 2. Malpighia galeottiana, Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 7. North Mexico, .San Luis Potosi (Virlet d'Aoust, 503) ; South Mexico, mountains of Oaxaca, at 5500 feet (Galeotti, 4330). Hb. Paris. MALPIGHIACEJE. 147 3. Malpighia glabra, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 609 ; Cav. Diss. t. 234. Texas. — North Mexico, Monterey (Eaton & Edwards) ; South Mexico, Mirador, Vera Cruz (Linden, 914), Teapa (Linden, 1043), Tantoyuca (Ervendberg), Zimapan (Coulter, 852) ; Costa Eica (Endres). Var. /3. acuminata, Ad. Juss. Malpighia nitida, Mill. Nicaragua, Sapoa and Tortuga ((Ersted); Panama, common in dry localities (See- manri). Hb. Kew. — This species also occurs in Venezuela and some of the West-India Islands, including Cuba and Jamaica. Hb. Kew. 4. Malpighia heterophylla, Griseb. in Linnaea, xxii. p. 2. Mexico (Ehrenberg, 624). 5. Malpighia incana, Mill. Diet., ex Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 11. Malpighia campechiensis, Poir. South Mexico, Campeche. 6. Malpighia mexicana, Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 13. South Mexico, Gonacatepec (Andrieux, 490), Oaxaca (Oaleotti, 4329), without habitat (Jurgensen, 279). Hb. Kew. 7. Malpighia parvifolia, Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 14. South Mexico, Oaxaca (Galeotti, 4327). Hb. Kew. 8. Malpighia punicifolia, Linn, nee Cav., Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 10. Panama (Duchassaing). — Colombia. 9. Malpighia undulata, Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 12. South Mexico, around Puente Nacional, Vera Cruz (Linden). Hb. Delessert. 3. BUNCHOSIA. Bunchosia, Rich, et Juss. in Ann. Mus. xviii. p. 481 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 252. About twenty-two species of shrubs and trees, chiefly natives of the countries north of the equator. 1. Bunchosia bilocellata, Schl. in Linnaea, x. p. 241. Bunchosia discolor, Turcz. South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 2048, 2433), Orizaba (Botteri, 927, 1199, 2433 ; Bilimel, 223), Jalapa (Schiede). Hb. Kew. 2. Bunchosia cornifolia, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 154. Bunchosia glauca, Seem., nee H. B. K. Panama, Cruces in sunny situations (Seemam, 524), near the city of Panama (S. Hayes). — Venezuela. Hb. Kew. u2 148 MALPIGHIACE^l. 3. Bunchosia glauca, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 155. South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 861), without locality (Bates). — Colombia ; Peru. Hb. Kew. 4. Bunchosia glandlllifera, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 154 ; Jacq. Ic. Ear. iii. t. 469. Nicaragua, Granada (CErsted). — Venezuela. 5. Bunchosia lindeniana, Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 81. South Mexico, Mirador, Vera Cruz (Linden, 911), Jalapa (Galeotti, 4340), Yucatan and Tabasco (Johnson), without localities (Jurgensen, Harris) ; Costa Eica (ex Grise- bach). — Peru ; Jamaica. Hb. Kew. 6. Bunchosia lanceolata, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1859, i. p. 266. =B. discolor, Turcz. 1 B. bilocellata, Schl. South Mexico, Orizaba (Botteri). 7. Bunchosia montana, Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 86. South Mexico, Tehuacan, Oaxaca (Galeotti, 4331). Hb. Kew. 8. Bunchosia llitida, A. Eich. in Ann. Mus. xviii. p. 481. Malpighia nitida, Jacq. Amer. p. 136; Cav. Diss. t. 239; nee Miller. South Mexico, near Campeche (Linden). — Colombia; Guiana. -/, 9. Bunchosia pilosa, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 156. Bunchosia mollis, Seem., nee Benth. Panama, near the city of Panama (Seemann, 82 ; S. Hayes, 77). — Colombia ; Peru. Hb. Kew. 10. Bunchosia StrigOSa, Schl. in Linnaea, x. p. 242. South Mexico, Vera Cruz (Galeotti, 4345), region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 2617). Hb. Kew. 11. Bunchosia, sp. South Mexico, Orizaba (Botteri, 1093 and 1109). Hb. Kew. 4. GALPHIMIA. Galphimia, Cav. Ic. v. p. 61 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 254. Shrubs and undershrubs, about a dozen species, chiefly found in Mexico and Central America, but extending to Brazil. The species appear to have been unduly multiplied by Bartling. 1. Galphimia glauca, Cav. ic. v. p. 61, t. 489. North Mexico, Sierra Madre (Seemann),Za.catec&s(Hartweg) ; South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 865), without exact localities (Beechey, Parkinson, Bates, &c.) ; Guatemala, Volcan de Fuego (Salvin & Godman, Skinner) ; Nicaragua, Segovia (CErsted). Hb. Kew. MALPIGHIACE^. 149 2. Galphimia glandulosa, Cav. Ic. vi. p. 43, t. 563. Var. a. OValifoHa, DO. Prodr. i. p. 582 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 140. Noeth Mexico, San Luis Potosi (Virlet d'Aoust, 974). Hb. Paris. Var. (3. Oblongifolia, DC. Prodr. i. p. 582 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 139. Mexico (Mogino & Sesse). 3. Galphimia gracilis, Bartl. in Linnsea, xiii. p. 552. Galphimia glauca hortulv nee Cav. Mexico. 4. Galphimia grandiflora, Bartl. in Linneea, xiii. p. 554. Mexico (Hegewisch). Hb. Acad. Gottingen. 5. Galphimia hirsuta, Cav. ic. v. p. 62. South Mexico, Oaxaca, 6000 to 7500 feet (Galeotti, 4335), Oaxaca (Ghiesbreghf). Hb. Paris. 6. Galphimia humboldtiana, Bartl. in Linnsea, xiii. p. 555. Galphimia glandulosa, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 172, t. 452, nee Cav. South Mexico, on the western declivity of the mountains between Alto de los Caxones and Acaguisotla [Humboldt & Bonpland). 7. Galphimia latifolia, Bartl. in Linnsea, xiii. p. 553. Mexico (Hunnemann, who sent seeds of it to Europe in 1837). 8. Galphimia lMfolia, A. Gray, Gen. 111. ii. p. 196, t. 173. Galphimia angustifolia, Bth. Texas, New Mexico, Califoenia. — Noeth Mexico, Monterey, Nuevo Leon [Eaton & Edwards), from San Luis Potosi to San Antonio (Parry, 94). Hb. Kew. 9. Galphimia multicaulis, Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 68. South Mexico, Huanapan, Oaxaca (Andrieux, 496), Mexico (Jurgensen, 288). Hb. Kew. 10. Galphimia panidQata, Bartl. in Linnsea, xiii. p. 556. Mexico (Hegewisch). Hb. Acad. Gottingen. 5. ECHINOPTEEYS. Echinopterys, A. Juss. Monogr. p. 88 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 254. The genus is limited to the following species, which is a slender shrub. 1. Echinopterys lappula, Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 88, t. 9. Noeth Mexico, Sierra Madre (Seemann) ; South Mexico, Oaxaca (Galeotti, 4328), Bolanos (Coulter, 866), between Acatlan and Chila, Puebla (Andrieux, 498), without any indication of locality (Bates & Parkinson). Hb. Kew. 150 MALPIGHIACE^E. 6. LASIOCAEPUS. Lasiocarpus, Liebm. in Vidensk. Meddel. 1853, p. 90 ; Benin, et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 255. Limited to this shrubby species. 1. Lasiocarpus salicifolius, Liebm. in Vidensk. Meddel. 1853, p. 90. South Mexico, among shrubs on the banks of the Rio de las Vueltas, Oaxaca (Lieb- rnann). Tribe BANISTERIE.E. The members of this tribe have winged fruits ; and several of the genera are repre- sented in the Old World by a few species. 7. HETEROPTEEYS. Heteropterys, Kunth in H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 163; Bentn. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 256. A genus of about eighty shrubby species, a few of which are natives of Tropical Africa. 1. Heteropterys beecheyana, Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 221. Heteropterys tomentosa, Hook, et Am., nee Jnss. Banisteria? paniculate/,, DC. Prodr. i. p. 591; Caiques des Dess. PL Mex. 131. South Mexico, between Huahuapan and Oaxaca (Andrieux, 493), Acapulco (Botteri), Vera Cruz (Galeotti, 4338 ; Linden, 909), valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1484), Orizaba (BilimeTc, 39), Sierra San Pedro Nolasco &c. (Jurgensen, 749) ; Nicaragua, Segovia ((Ersted). — Ecuador. Hb. Kew. 2. Heteropterys COtinifolia, Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 184. South Mexico, Totolapa, Oaxaca (Andrieux, 492), near Tantoyuca (Ervendberg, 209). Hb. Kew. n 3. Heteropterys floribunda, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 166. Heteropterys lessertiana, Seem. ? South Mexico, Vera Cruz (Linden, 912 ; Galeotti, 4339), valley of Cordova (Bour- geau, 2322), Yucatan and Tabasco (Johnson), Teapa (Linden), near Venta del Exido (Humboldt & Bonpland) ; Guatemala (Skinner) ; Nicaeagua ((Ersted) • Panama, Cruces &c. (Seemann). Hb. Kew. 4. Heteropterys gayana, Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 185. South Mexico, Guichilona, between Tehuantepec and the river Guazacualco (An- drieux, 494), region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 3112). Hb. Kew. 5. Heteropterys laurifolia, Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 204. Banisteria laurifolia, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 611; Bot. Reg. t. 937. South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 2282). — Colombia ; West Indies. Hb. Kew. MALPIGHIACE^E. 151 6. Heteropterys lindeniana, Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 203. South Mexico, Yucatan (Linden, 917).— St. Vincent. Hb. Kew. 7. Heteropterys longifolia, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 166. South Mexico, near the city of Mexico, 7000 feet (Humboldt & Borland), Yucatan and Tabasco (Johnson, 72). 8. Heteropterys mathewsiana, Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 200. Panama (Hinds). — Peku. 9. Heteropterys platyptera, DC. Prodr. i. p. 592. Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 46). — West Indies, Colombia, and Guiana. Hb. Kew. 10. Heteropterys Stannea, Griseb. in (Erst. Malpig. Am. Cent. p. 46. Costa Pica, Aguacate (CErsted). 11. Heteropterys, sp. South Mexico, San Bias to Tepic (Coulter, 863). Hb. Kew. 12. Heteropterys, sp. (H. cotinifolice aff.) Guatemala, Volcan de Fuego (Salviri). Hb. Kew. 8. BEACHYPTEEYS. Brachypterys, A. Juss. Monogr. p. 101 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 256. An American genus of two or three species. 1. Brachypterys borealis, Ad. Juss. inArchiv.duMus. d'Hist. Nat. iii. p. 356, t. 2. fig. 16. Banisteria picta, H. B. K. South Mexico, region of Orizaba (JBourgeau, 2486) ; Honduras, Belize (Marsh) ; Guatemala, Volcan de Fuego (Salvin); Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 48). — Jamaica, Trinidad, Guiana, North Brazil, &c. Hb. Kew. 9. STIGMAPHYLLON. Stigmaphyllon, Ad. Juss. in St.-Hil. PI. Bras. Merid. iii. t. 170, 171 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 257. A genus of about fifty species of climbing shrubs, restricted to Tropical America. 1. Stigmaphyllon ellipticum, Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 123. Banisteria elliptica, H. B. K. Stigmaphyllon mucronatum, Ad. Juss. Banisteria mucronata, DC. Stigmaphyllon ternatum, Ad. Juss. Banisteria ternata, DC. South Mexico, Vera Cruz (Linden, 907) ; Nicaragua, Gulf of Fonseca (Sinclair), 152 MAIPIGHIACE^:. Chontales (Tate, 413), Granada ((Ersted); Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 48), without locality (Seemann). — Colombia. Hb. Kew. i 2. Stigmaphyllon fulgens, Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 116. Nicaragua, Eealejo (Hinds). — St. Vincent ; Guiana. Hb. Kew. 3. Stigmaphyllon humboldtianum, Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 113. Banisteria tilioefolia, H. B. K. South Mexico, Vera Cruz (Galeotti, 4344) ; Guatemala (Skinner, Friedrichsthal) ; Nicaragua, Chontales (Seemann, Levy), Eealejo (Sinclair). — Colombia. Hb.' Kew. / 4. Stigmaphyllon hypargyreum, PL et Tr. Prodr. Fl. N. Gran. i. p. 316. Panama (Buchassaing). Hb. Pavon. 5. Stigmaphyllon lindenianum, Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 108. South Mexico, Teapa (Linden, 1044) ; Guatemala (Skinner). Hb. Kew. ^ 6. Stigmaphyllon peiiplocifolium, Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 126. Banisteria periplocifolia, D C . Panama, Veraguas (Bridges). — Jamaica, Antigua, Cuba, and Guiana. Hb. Kew. ^ 7. Stigmaphyllon retusnm, Griseb. in (Erst. Malpig. Am. Cent. p. 45. Stigmaphyllon humboldtianum, Seem., nee Ad. Juss. Nicaragua, Granada ((Ersted) ; Panama, in the ruins of Old Panama (Seemann). — Colombia. Hb. Kew. 8. Stigmaphyllon, sp. South Mexico, Oaxaca (Ghiesbreght, 294). Hb. Kew. 9. Stigmaphyllon, sp. (aff. S. pubero). South Mexico, near Tantoyuca (Ervendberg, 323). Hb. Kew. 10. Stigmaphyllon, sp. South Mexico, near Tantoyuca (Ervendberg), Yucatan and Tabasco (Johnson). Hb. Kew. 10. BANISTEEIA. Banisteria, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 573 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 257. About sixty species, the greater part climbing shrubs ; all natives of Tropical America, but most numerous in Brazil. / 1. Banisteria argentea, Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 139. Heteropterys argentea, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 164, t. 450. Panama, Paraiso railway-station (S. Hayes, 229), without precise localities (Seemann & Buchassaing). — And southward to Peru. Hb. Kew. 2. Banisteria billbergiana, Beurling, in Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 1854, p. 118. Panama, on the sea-shore of the island of Manzanillo (Billberg). MALPIGHIACE^E. 153 3. Banisteria ferruginea, Cav. Diss. p. 424, t. 248 ? Panama (Seemann, 79). Hb. Kew. The true plant is found in the West Indies and Venezuela to Brazil. 4. Banisteria maracaybensis, Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 164. /3. angUStifolia, (Erst, et Griseb. Malpig. Cent. Am. p. 46. Nicaragua, Segovia (CErsted). — Colombia. 5. Banisteria SChomburgkiana, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vii. p. 129. Costa Rica, Aguacate ((Ersted). — Guiana. Tribe B.IRMEM. Five out of ten of the genera of this tribe are peculiar to the Old World. 11. TEIOPTERYS. Triopterys, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 574; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 259. Three species of climbing shrubs, inhabiting the West Indies and Mexico. 1. Triopterys, sp. nov. % South Mexico, without locality (Jurgensen, 761). Hb. Kew. 12. TETRAPTERYS. Tetrapterys, Cav. Diss. p. 433 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 260. Upwards of fifty species, chiefly climbing shrubs ; all American, and most numerous in Brazil. 1. Tetrapterys acapulcensis, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 168. South Mexico, Acapulco (Humboldt & Bonpland, Lay & Collie), Zimapan (Coulter, 855), Cuernavaca (JBilimek, 47), without localities (Jurgensen & Hahri). Hb. Kew. 2. Tetrapterys argentea, Bertol. Fl. Guat. p. 19. Guatemala, Antigua (Velasquez). 3. Tetrapterys calophylla, Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 271. Var. glabrifolia, Griseb. Panama (S. Hayes, 398 ; Seemann, 84, 1216). Hb. Kew. The type in North Brazil, Guiana, &c. 4. Tetrapterys COtoneaster, Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 274. Galphimia? mollis, H. B. K. South Mexico, near Tepecuacuilco, 3120 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland). biol. cent.-amer., Bot. Vol. 1, Nov. 1879. x 154 MALPIGHIACE^. ^ 5. Tetrapterys eriocarpa, Bertol. fl Guat. p. 19. Guatemala ( Velasquez). 6. Tetrapterys insequalis, Cav. Diss. ix. t. 260. Banisteria? bracteata, DC. Costa Eica (CErsted). — Porto Eico, Jamaica, and Brazil. 7. Tetrapterys mexicana, Hook, et Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 281. South Mexico, Jalisco (Lay & Collie), region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 3252 ; Botteri, 549), valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1511). Hb. Kew. 8. Tetrapterys schiedeana, Schl. et Ch. in Linnsea, v. p. 218. South Mexico, Orizaba (Botteri, 978 ; Bourgeau, 2724, 2873), Vera Cruz (Galeotti, 4337 ; Linden, 908) ; Jalapa (Schiede). Hb. Kew. 9. Tetrapterys seemanni, PL et. Tr. Prodr. Fl. N. Gran. i. p. 333. Banisteria ferruginea, Seem, (pro parte), nee Cav. *• Panama (Seemann, Duchassaing). 10. Tetrapterys, sp. ^ Panama (S. Hayes, 571). Hb. Kew. 11. Tetrapterys, sp. v Panama (S. Hayes, 606). Hb. Kew. 12. Tetrapterys, sp. (aff. T. schiedeanm). > Guatemala, Volcan de Fuego (Salvin). Hb. Kew. 13. Tetrapterys, sp. ^ Guatemala, Volcan de Fuego (Salvin). Hb. Kew. 13. HIEtEA. Hiraa, Jacq. Stirp. Am. p. 137 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 260. About fifty species, inhabiting Tropical America, the greater part climbing shrubs. y l. Hiraea barclayana, Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. p. 75. Tetrapterys panamensis, Seem. Hiraa panamensis, Griseb. San Salvador, Libertad (Barclay) ; Panama, Santiago de Veraguas (Seemann). Hb. Kew. 2. Hirssa chrysophylla, Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 318. Nicaragua, San Juan (CErsted). — North Brazil, Guiana, and St. Lucia. * 3. Hiraea manzinellensis, Beurling in Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 1854, p. 117. Panama, Manzanillo (Billberg). MALPIGHIACILE. 155 4. Hiraea polybotrya, Ad. Juss. Monogr. P. 299. South Mexico, between Chila and Huanapan, in the provinces of Puebla and Oaxaca (Andrieux, 495). Hb. Kew. 5. Hiraea septentrionalis, Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 309. Hirma? macroptera, DC. Prodr. i. p. 586; Caiques des Dess. M. Mex. 130. North Mexico, Monterey, Nuevo Leon {Eaton & Edwards; Platz, 1398), between Reyon and Ures, Sonora (Thurber) ; South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 860). Hb. Kew. 6. Hiraea sericea, Engelm. A. Gray, PL Wright, i. p. 37. North Mexico, near Cadena (Wislizenus), plain west of Mapimi (Gregg). 7. Hiraea (Mascagavia) spicigera,Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1863, i. p. 584. South Mexico, valley of Mexico. 8. Hiraea SWartziana, Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 317. Nicaragua, San Juan del Norte ((Ersted). — West Indies ; Colombia. 9. Hiraea, sp. nova1? North Mexico, Sonora Alta (Coulter, 856). Hb. Kew. 10. Hiraea, sp. ("An H. macroptera, DC. % sed calyces eglandulosi," MSS. in Hb. Kew.) Mexico (Parkinson). Hb. Kew. 11. Hiraea, sp. Panama (S. Hayes, 393). Hb. Kew. 12. Hiraea, sp. Nicaragua, Chontales (Tate, 285). Hb. Kew. 13. Hiraea, sp. Guatemala (Friedrichsthal). Hb. Kew. 14. JUBELINA. Jubelina, Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 325 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 260. Climbing shrubs ; three species described, natives of Guiana and Nicaragua. 1. Jubelina nicaraguensis, Griseb. et OErst. Malpig. Cent. Am. p. 48. Nicaragua, Segovia ((Ersted). Tribe G-AUDICHAUDIE^l. This tribe is exclusively American, one genus reaching the northern limits of the order on this continent. w2 156 MALPIGHIACE^E. 15. GAUDICHAUDIA. Gaudichaudia, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 156 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 261. About fifteen species of climbing shrubs, ranging from Mexico to Venezuela and Colombia. 1. Gaudichaudia acuminata, Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 343, Hirma acuminata, DC. Prodr. i. p. 586 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 128. Mexico, without locality (Mocino & Sesse) ; San Luis Potosi to Tampico (Palmer, 1042). Hb. Kew. 2. Gaudichaudia albida, Ch. et Schl. in Linnsea, v. p. 217. South Mexico, Hacienda de la Laguna (Schiede & Deppe), Vera Cruz (Galeotti, 4342 ; Linden, 906). Hb. Kew. 3. Gaudichaudia arnottiana, Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 340. Hircea cycloptera, Hook, et Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. t. 57. South Mexico, Tepic and Jalisco (Beechey) ; without locality (Bourgeau, 731). Hb. Kew. 4. Gaudichaudia brevipes, Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 343. Banisteria brevipes, DC. Prodr. i. p. 591 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 129. Mexico, without locality (Mogino & SessS). 5. Gaudichaudia COngestiflora, Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 336. South Mexico, exact locality uncertain (Andrieux, 497), Aguas Calientes, 5000 feet {(Ersted). Hb. Kew. 6. Gaudichaudia cynanchoides, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 158, t. 445. South Mexico, near Valladolid, 6000 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland). 7. Gaudichaudia enrico-martinezii, Barcena, ' Description de una nueva Planta Mexicana ' (1878), cum icone colorata. Mexico, Nochistongo (Barcena). 8. Gaudichaudia filipendula, Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 340. Gaudichaudia mucronata, Ad. Juss. Hirtea? mucronata, DC. Prodr. i. p. 586; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 124. Noeth Mexico, San Luis Potosi (Virlet d'Aoust; Parry & Palmer, 95), San Bias to Tepic (Coulter, 854) ; South Mexico, Cuernavaca (Bilimek, 1), valley of Mexico near Guadalupe (Bourgeau, 731) ; Guatemala, Volcan de Fuego (Salvin). Hb. Kew. 9. Gaudichaudia karwinskiana, Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 338. Mexico (Karwinski). Hb. Monac. 10. Gaudichaudia mollis, Benth. PI. Hartw. p. 6. Noeth Mexico, Zacatecas (Hartweg) ; South Mexico, Tacubaya (Aschenbom 283) Hb. Kew. MALPIGHIACE^E. 157 11. Gaudichaudia oxyota, Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 343. Eirmal oxyota, DC. Prodr. i. p. 586; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 126 ; = G. mollis? Mexico. 12. Gaudichaudia pentandra, Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 339. Mexico, near Saltepec (KarwinsM). Hb. Monac. 13. Gaudichaudia podocarpa, Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 342. Hiraa ? podocarpa, DC. Prodr. i. p. 586 ; Caiques des Dess. FL Mex. 127. Mexico. 14. Gaudichaudia schiedeana, Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 337. Triopterys sericea, Schl. Noeth Mexico, Sierra Madre (Seemann, 2150) ; South Mexico, Tehuacan, Oaxaca (Galeotti, 4326), Tacubaya {Schaffner), Malpays de Naulingo (Schiede). Hb. Kew. 15. Gaudichaudia webbiana, Ad. Juss. Monogr, p. 341. New Spain- {Pawn). Hb. Webb. 16. Gaudichaudia, sp. South Mexico, Guadalupe (JBilimeJc, 26). Hb. Kew. 16. ASPICAEPA. Aspicarpa, Lagasca, Nov. G-en. et Sp. p. 1 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 261. About half a dozen species, inhabiting Texas and Mexico and 1 Central America. 1. Aspicarpa hartwegiana, Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 344. Gaudichaudia humilis, Benth.. North Mexico, Zacatecas (Hartweg, 12 ; Coulter, 858). Hb. Kew. 2. Aspicarpa longipes, A. Gray, PI. Wright, i. p. 37, ii. p. 30. New Mexico. — North Mexico, mountain-valleys near Santa Cruz, Sonora {Wright), Sierra del Pajarito {Thurber, Schott). Hb. Kew. 3. Aspicarpa urens, Lag. ex Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 345. Aspicarpa hirtella, Rich, in Mem. Mus. ii. p. 309, t. 13. New Spain. 17. JANUSIA. Janusia, Ad. Juss. Monogr. p. 349 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 262. Four shrubby species, ranging from Brazil to Texas. 1. Janusia gracilis, A. Gray, PI. Wright, i. p. 37, ii. p. 30. Texas ; New Mexico. — North Mexico, Chihuahua and Sonora (Torrey), mountains of Guadalupe Pass and heads of the Agua Prieta, east of Santa Cruz, Sonora {Wright). Hb. Kew. 158 ZYGOPHYLLACE^E. Order XXIX. ZYGOPHYLLACE^. Zygophyllaceee, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 262. Herbs or shrubs, very few arboreous, comprising about 100 species belonging to seventeen genera. They are dispersed throughout tropical and subtropical regions, though they are rare in subtropical regions of the southern hemisphere. 1. TEIBULUS. Tribulus, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 532 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 264. About fifteen herbaceous species, represented in nearly all warm countries of the world. One or two species are amphigseous. 1. Tribulus Cistoides, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 554 ; A. Gray, 111. Gen. t. 145. The Southern States of North America to — South Mexico, plain of Oaxaca, 5000 feet (Galeotti, 3062; Coulter, 782). — Widely spread in Tropical and Subtropical South America and the West Indies. Occurring also in Australia, Asia, and Africa, and some of the' Pacific Islands. Hb. Kew. X 2. Tribulus grandiflorUS, Benth. et Hook. Gen. PI. i. p. 264. Kallstrcemia grandiflora, Torr. in A. Gray, PI. Wright, i. p. 28. Texas; New Mexico; Arizona; California. — North Mexico, Sonora Alta (Coulter, 783) ; South Mexico, between Tehuantepec and the Pacific Ocean (Andrieux, 474) ; Guatemala, roadsides &c. (Bernoulli, 756). Hb. Kew. > 3. Tribulus maximus, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 553. Kallstrcemia maxima, Torr. et Gr. M. N. Am. i. p. 213 ; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. p. 117, t. 146. North Mexico, Zacatecas (Hartweg), Monterey (Eaton & Edwards), Chihuahua (Potts) ; South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 780 and 781) ; Guatemala (Friedrichsthal) ; Nicaragua, in plantations (Levy) ; Panama (S. Hayes, 728). — A very variable and exceedingly common plant in Tropical and Subtropical America, including some of the West-Indian Islands. It has also been collected in Western Tropical Africa. Hb. Kew. [Fagonia is a small widely dispersed genus of this family likely to exist in Mexico. It is represented in California and Chili.] 2. LAEEEA. Larrea, Cav. Ann. Cienc. Nat. ii. p. 119; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 267. Four shrubby species restricted to America, ranging from Texas, California, and Mexico to the Andes of South America, and reappearing in South Brazil. ZYGOPHYLLAC&E. 159 1. Larrea mexicana, Moric. PI. Nouv. d'Am. p. 71, t. 48; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. t. 147. Zygophyllum tridentatum, DC. Prodr. i. p. 706; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 159. • Texas ; New Mexico ; California.— Noeth Mexico, Sonora Alta (Coulter, 778), San Luis Potosi (Galeotti, 1362), without locality (Gregg). Hb. Kew. 3. SERICODES. Sericodes, A. Gray, PI. Wright, i. p. 28; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 265. Limited to this species : — 1. Sericodes greggii, A. Gray, PI. Wright, i. p. 28, in adnot. North Mexico, San Lorenzo (Or egg). 4. GUAIACUM. Guaiacum, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 518 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 267. Shrubs or trees, about eight species, restricted to the northern part of South America, West Indies, Central America, and Subtropical North America. 1. Guaiacum COUlteri, A. Gray, PI. Thurb. p. 312. North Mexico, between Eayon and Ures, Sonora (Thurber; % Coulter, 779). Hb. Kew. It is possible that this and the next are the same species ; but the material at Kew is insufficient to decide the question. 2. Guaiacum guatemalense, Pi. MS. in Hb. Kew. Guatemala, hot plains of Zacapa (Skinner), Acasaguastlan (Bernoulli). Hb. Kew. 3. Guaiacum parvifolium, PI. in Gray, PI. Wright, i. p. 29. South Mexico, between Tehuantepec and the Pacific Ocean (Andrieux, 475). Hb. Kew. 4. Guaiacum verticale, Ort. Dec. viii. p. 93. Guaiacum sloanei, Shuttl. New Spain. — Florida, Bahamas, and San Domingo. 5. CHITONIA. Chitonia, Moc. et Sesse, DC. Prodr. i. p. 707; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 268. 1. Chitonia mexicana, Moc. et Sesse in DC. Prodr. i. p. 707; Zucc. Nov. Stirp. fasc. i. p. 355, t. 171 ; DC, Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. xxiv. c. South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 784), Oaxaca (Ghiesbreght ; Galeotti, 1445). Hb. Kew. 160 GEBANIACE^. Order XXX. GERANIACEiE. Geraniacets, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 269. Herbaceous or shrubby plants, a few arboreous. There are about 750 species, belonging to twenty-one genera, generally dispersed in temperate and subtropical regions, especially abundant in South Africa, and rare in Australia. Tribe GERANIE^l. This tribe has nearly the same distribution as the whole family. 1. GERANIUM. Geranium, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 832 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 272. Nearly 100 species, with few exceptions herbaceous, and represented in nearly all temperate regions, including the mountains within the tropics. ^1. Geranium carolinianum, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 956; Cay. Diss. iv. t. 84. fig. 1, et t. 124. fig. 2. (An G. dissecti, L., var. ]) A common plant in Temperate North Amebica, extending southward to — North Mexico, Sierra Madre (Seemann), Chihuahua (Torrey), region of San Luis Potosi (Parry & Palmer, 100) ; South Mexico, Real del Monte (Coulter, 762, 763), Chiapas (Linden, 927, 928), Orizaba (Linden, 815 ; Botteri, 598, 599), Oaxaca, 9000 to 11000 feet (Galeotti, 4019, 4024), cultivated fields near Mexico (Bourgeau, 694) ; % Guatemala, Volcan de Fuego (Salvin). Hb. Kew. 2. Geranium gracile, Engelm. in A. Gray, PI. Fendl. i. p. 47, in adnot. North Mexico, Cosiquiriachi, Chihuahua (Wislizenus). 3. Geranium hernandezii, DC. Prodr. i. p. 640 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 147. North Mexico, Llanos, Chihuahua (Wislizenus), without habitat (Gregg); South Mexico, Oaxaca, 7000 to 9000 feet (Galeotti, 4022), valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 290), without localities (Ascheniorn, Bates, Graham, and Parkinson). Hb. Kew. 4. Geranium mexicanum, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 230. South Mexico, between Guanaxuato and Santa Rosa (Humboldt & Bonpland), Paz- cuaro (Eartweg), Jalacingo (Schiede & Beppe), grassy places about Jalapa (Schiede). Hb. Kew. 5. Geranium potentillaefolium, DC. Prodr. i. p. 639 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 148. South Mexico, in pine-woods, Toluca, at 9000 to 10000 feet (Heller), Tlalpuxahua (Graham), forests of the Desierto Viejo (Bourgeau, 766). Hb. Kew. GEKANIACE.E. 161 6. Geranium seemanni, Peyr. in Linnsea, xxx. p. 66. South Mexico, Toluca, Cocustepec, 8800 feet (Heller). Peyritsch also refers here Galeotti's 4024 and 4019, and Berlandier's 829. 1/ 7. Geranium schiedeanum, Schl. in Linnsea, x. p. 253. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi (Parry & Palmer, 99) ; South Mexico, near La Joya (ScHede), Real del Monte (Coulter, 764), Oaxaca (Galeotti, 4011, 4023), Chia- pas (Ghiesbreght, 657); Guatemala, without habitat (Skinner). Hb. Kew. 8. Geranium, sp. South Mexico, Eeal del Monte (Galeotti, 4010). Hb. Kew. 9. Geranium, sp. North Mexico, Sierra Madre (Seemarm, 2165). Hb. Kew. 10. Geranium, sp. South Mexico, Orizaba (JBotteri, 600). Hb. Kew. 2. ERODIUM. Erodium, Lher. Geran. tt. 1-6 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 272. About fifty species, nearly all herbaceous. Two or three are widely-spread weeds of cultivation ; two or three inhabit South Africa and Australia ; and the remainder are almost restricted to the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere in the Old World. 1. Erodium cicutarium, Leman in DC. Fl. Fr. iv. p. 840. Widely dispersed in the north temperate regions of the Old World, and now exceedingly common in many parts of North America, but supposed to have been originally introduced by the Spaniards. — North Mexico, Monterey (Eaton & Edwards) ; South Mexico, Tacubaya (Bourgeon, 30), at the foot of the mountains of Orizaba (Schiede & Beppe), without localities (Hahn, Bates, Sec). Hb. Kew. 2. Erodium moschatum, Willd. Sp. Pi. hi. p. 631. A native of the temperate regions of the Old World, introduced into — 'Mexico, Tacu- baya (Bourgeau, 29). Hb. Kew. 3. Erodium moranense, Willd. in H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 228. South Mexico, Moran, 7980 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland), near the city of Mexico (Aschenborn, 567 and 626), Zimapan (Coulter, 765). Hb. Kew. Tribe PELARGONIE^I. This tribe is limited to two genera, Pelargonium and Tropoeolum. The former genus is confined to the Old World, and with few exceptions to South Africa. biol. cent.-amer., Bot. Vol. 1, Nov. 1879. y 162 GEEANIACEJS. 3. TKOPiEOLUM. Tropeeolum, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 466 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 274. A genus of between thirty and forty trailing and twining herbaceous species, restricted to America, and, with few exceptions, to South America. 1. Tropseolum peregrinum, Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 2, i. p. 490, nee Hb. Linn. ; Jacq. Hort. Schcenb. t. 98 ; Bot. Mag. t. 1351. Trqpneolum aduncum, Sm. Tour, i. p. 158. South Mexico, roadsides near Santa Fe (Bourgeau, 1176). Hb. Kew. This South-American species is probably only an escape from cultivation in Mexico. 2. Tropseolum emarginatum, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1858, i. p. 425. South Mexico, San Bartolo (Linden, 848) ; % Guatemala, without locality (Savage). Hb. Paris. "^3. Tropseolum pendulum, Kl. in Otto et Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xviii. p. 377. Central America. v 4. Tropseolum, sp. Panama, Volcano of Chiriqui (Warszewicz). Hb. Kew. „j 5. TropSBOlum, sp. (aff. T. tuieroso). Guatemala, cultivated in gardens in Duenas (Salvin & Godman). Hb. Kew. Tribe OXALIDE^l. Besides the two following genera, three others are referred to this tribe. They com- prise only five species, one Bolivian and four Asiatic. 4. OXALIS. Oxalis, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 582 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 276. A genus of upwards of 200 species, with few exceptions herbaceous plants. One or two species have a wide range in temperate regions, one or two in the tropics, and nearly all the others are divided between South Africa and America, very few occurring north of Mexico. 1. OxallS acuminata, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1859, i. p. 427. South Mexico (Galeotti, 3990). 2. Oxalis albicans, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 244. South Mexico, Moran &c, 8040 to 8880 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland).— And Peru. 3. Oxalis angUStifolia, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 249. South Mexico, on the western declivity near La Venta del Peregrino, 600 feet (Rumboldt & Bonpland). GEKANIACE^. 163 4. Oxalis COmiculata, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 624 ; Jacq. Ox. t. 5. This plant is found in nearly all (except the colder) parts of the World, varying very much in different localities. South Mexico, Jalapa (Coulter, 773 and 774 ; Galeotti, 3994), Mirador (Linden, 813), Orizaba (Botteri, 781 and 802); Guatemala, Volcan de Fuego (Salviri); Nicaragua Chontales (Tate). Hb. Kew. 5. Oxalis decaphylla, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 238, t. 468. Oxalis hernandezii, DC. ?, Benth. PL Hartw. Texas to — North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi (Parry & Palmer, 102) ; South Mexico, near the rock El Penon, 7020 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland), San Geronimo (Bourgeau, 27), without special locality (Graham). Hb. Kew. 6. Oxalis dendroides, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 250. South Mexico, Mirador and Oaxaca (Liebmann), valley of Cordova (Bourgeau), with- out any indication of the habitats (Jurgensen, 77 '5, & Harris).— And southward to Peru. Hb. Kew. 7. Oxalis dichondraefolia, A. Gray, Pi. Wright, i. p. 27. Texas, New Mexico. — North Mexico, Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Eaton & Edwards). Hb. Kew. 8. Oxalis discolor, Kl. in Otto und Dietr. Allg. Gartz. viii. p. 257 ; Link et Kl. Ic. PI. ii. t. 29. Mexico. 9. Oxalis divergens, Benth. PI. Hartw. p. 9 ; Bot. Reg. t. 1620. South Mexico, Oaxaca, 7000 to 8000 feet (Galeotti, 3999), Tacubaya (Bourgeau, 25 and 289). Hb. Kew. 10. Oxalis drummondii, A. Gray, PL Wright, ii. p. 25. Texas. — North Mexico, Sonora (Torrey). 11. Oxalis ehrenbergii, Schl. in Otto und Dietr. Allg. Gartz. vi. p. 313 j Hort. Halens. ii. t. 6. Mexico. 12. Oxalis faSCiCTllata, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1859, i. p. 272. South Mexico, Vera Cruz (Ghiesbreght, 13). 13. Oxalis galeottii, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1858, i. p. 433. South Mexico (Galeotti, 3995). Hb. Paris. 14. Oxalis grahamiana, Benth. PL Hartw. p. 9. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi (Parry & Palmer, 103) ; South Mexico, Tlalpuxahua (Graham), Tacubaya (Bourgeau, 289, in part). Hb. Kew. y2 164 GEKANIACE^. < 15. Oxalis hedysaroides, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 247. Panama, Punta de Garachina (Seemann, 1063). — Southward to Peru and Brazil. Hb. Kew. 16. OxallS hernandezii, DC. Prodr. i. p. 695 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 149. Mexico, without indication of locality (Hernandez). V 17. Oxalis herpestica, Schl. in Linnaea, xxvii. p. 525. Guatemala, introduced with orchids into Van Houtte's nurseries at Ghent. 18. Oxalis jacquiniana, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 235. South Mexico, near Real del Monte (Humboldt & Bonpland), Tlalpuxahua (Graham). Hb. Kew. ^ 19. Oxalis latifolia, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 237, t. 467. South Mexico, near Campeche (Humboldt & Bonpland), hillocks near Santa Fe (Bourgeau, 288 and 289), about Toluca (Andrieux, 478), Orizaba (Botteri, 782 and 1122), Zimapan (Coulter, 767); Guatemala, Volcan de Fuego (Salviri); Costa Rica, in gardens and moist meadows, San Jose (Polakowsky). Hb. Kew. 20. Oxalis lasiandra, Grah. Bot. Mag. t. 3896. South Mexico, without exact locality (Graham), Zimapan (Coulter, 772). Hb. Kew. 21. Oxalis lilacina, Kl. in Otto und Dietr. Allg. Gartz. viii. p. 258. Mexico. 22. Oxalis lilldeni, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1858, i. p. 429. Oxalis acuminata, Schl., nee Turcz. South Mexico, Mirador (Linden, Heller), Hacienda de la Laguna (Schiede & Deppe), Oaxaca (Galeotti, 3984), valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1948). Hb. Kew. 23. Oxalis luiiulata, Zucc. Oxal. Am., Nachtrag, p. 24. North Mexico, Zacatecas (Hartweg, 46) ; South Mexico, Toluca, 8800 feet (Heller). Var. j3. microphylla, Benth. PI. Hartw. p. 59. Mexico, La Parada (Hartweg), without locality (Salle). Hb. Kew. 24. Oxalis martiana, Zucc. Oxal. Am. n. 2 ; Bot. Mag. t. 3938. Oxalis floribunda, Lehm. in Link et Otto, Ic. 1. 10. Oxalis bipunctata, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2781. South America, " Mexico," Hort. Berol. Hb. Kew. This species is now naturalized in many parts of the Old World. t yl 25. Oxalis neaei, DC. Prodr. i. p. 690. Var. glabrata, Baker, Ref. Bot. t. 292. South Mexico, Acapulco (Sinclair); Guatemala, Barranco del Zapote (Bernoulli, 310) ; Honduras, Tigre Island, Gulf of Fonseca (Sinclair).— Guiana &c. Hb. Kew. V- GEEANIACEA 165 26. Oxalis nudiflora, DC. Prodr. i. p. 695 ; Caiques des Dess. FL Mex. 150. Mexico, without indication of locality {Mogino $$ Sesse). 27. Oxalis pentantha, Jacq. Oxal. Am. p. 21, 1. 1. South Mexico, near Manantial, on hillocks Hacienda de la Laguna (Schiede & Beppe). — Also from Venezuela. 28. Oxalis psilotricha, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1858, i. p. 428. South Mexico, Zacuapan, Vera Cruz {Linden, 809), around Tehuantepec {Andrieux, 480); Nicaragua {Tate, 40). Hb. Kew. 29. Oxalis rubrocincta, Lindl. Bot. Reg. xxviii. t. 64. Guatemala, seeds collected by Hartweg. 30. Oxalis sepium, A. St.-Hil. Fl. Bras. Mer. i. p. 111. Panama, Chagres {Fendler, 25) to — South Beazil and the West Indies. Hb. Kew. 31. Oxalis tephrodes, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1858, p. 428. South Mexico, Vera Cruz {Galeotti, 3991). 32. Oxalis tetraphylla, Cav. Ic iii. t. 237. Oxalis deppei, Schl. Mexico, Sierra San Pedro &c. {Jurgensen, 704). — Martinique &c. Hb. Kew. 33. Oxalis vespertilionis, Torr. et Gray, Fl. N. Am. i. p. 679. Texas. — Guatemala (Friedrichsthal) . 34. Oxalis verticillata, DC. Prodr. i. p. 691 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 151. Mexico, in gardens at San Angelo. 35. Oxalis wrightii, A. Gray, PI. Wright, i. p. 27, et ii. p. 25. Texas. — North Mexico, Santa-Cruz valley, Sonora {Thurber), near Kock Creeks and Presidio del Norte {Wright). Hb. Kew. 36. Oxalis, sp. South Mexico {Galeotti, 4021). Hb. Kew. 37. Oxalis, sp. South Mexico, valley of Mexico {Bourgeau, 28). 38. Oxalis, sp. Mexico {Halsted). Hb. Kew. 39. Oxalis, sp. South Mexico, fields near the city of Mexico {Bourgeau, 701). Hb. Kew. 5. AVERRHOA. Averrhoa, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 576 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 277. There are two shrubby species indigenous in Tropical Asia, both of which have become widely dispersed in other countries through cultivation. 166 GEEANIACEJE. •^1. Averrhoa bilimbi, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 613; Cav. Diss. vii. t. 219. A native of Tropical Asia, extensively naturalized in hot countries. Guatemala (Friedrichsthal). Hb. Kew. Trite BALSAMINE.E. Limited to the following genus and the monotypic Asiatic Hydrocera. 6. IMPATIENS. Impatiens, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 1008 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 277. A genus of upwards of 150 (chiefly herbaceous) species, 130 of which inhabit the mountains of Tropical and Subtropical Asia, twenty the mountains of Tropical Africa, Madagascar, &c, two or three North America, and three or four Europe and North- eastern Asia. l. Impatiens, sp. South Mexico, Xochialco (Hahn). Hb. Paris. Order XXXI. RUTACEiE. Rutacea, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 278. About ninety genera, comprising 700 species, are referred to this family. They are chiefly trees and shrubs, a few being herbaceous, and are generally dispersed in tropical and subtropical regions, but most numerous in South Africa and Australia. Tribe CUSPABIE^l. About fifty species, belonging to nine genera, constitute this tribe, which is confined to America, and most numerously represented in Brazil. 1. EEYTHKOCHITON. Erytkrochiton, Nees et Mart, in Nov. Act. Nat.-Cur. xi. pp. 151 et 165 j Benth. et Hook Gen Plant, i. p. 284. Shrubs or small trees. Four or five species are known between South Mexico and Brazil. l. Erythrochiton lindeni, Hemsley. (Tab. XII.) Glabrum, foliis longe petiolatis unifoliolatis membranaceis lanceolatis acuminatis acutis integris floribus in cymas parvas 2-4chotomas longissime pedunculatas dispositis, sepalis insequalib J fere liberis lanceolatis acutis, petalis extus dense sericeo-villosis plus minusve cohcerentibus corollam tubulosam arcuatam formantibus, lobis brevibus apice patentibus, staminum 3 infe- -riorum antheris vacuis. Frutex praeter Acres glaber, ramis robustis ad apices tantum fobosis. Folia longe petiolata, uni- butace^:. 167 foliolata, lamina cum petiolo articulata, minute pellucido-punctulata, membranacea, integra, lanceolata, 6-12-pollicaris, breviter acuminata, acuta, costa venisque laterabbus subtus promi- nentibus, petiolo omnino tereti 2-4-pollicari. Flores in cymas scorpoideas parvas densas 2-4- ramosas longe pedunculatas dispositi, pedunculis axillaribus nudis 6-9-polhcaribus, pedicellis brevibus (1-2 lin.) basi bracteolatis sparse pubescentibus, bracteolis parvis deciduis ; sepala persistentia, colorata, inaequalia, anguste lanceolata, acuta, ad pollicaria, extus puberula ; petala in corollam arcuatam extus dense sericeo-villosam coalita, ad bipollicaria, apice libera, patentia ; stamina 5, inclusa, antberis 3 inferioribus vacuis, filamentis cum corolla cohserentibus. Car- pella 5 ("ovula et capsula seminaque Erythrochitonis," Baillon). — Toxosiphon lindeni, Baill. Adansonia, x. p. 310. South Mexico, dark forests of Teapa, Tabasco {Linden, 1623) ; Nicaragua, without locality {Tate, 41 and 42). Hb. Kew. EXPLANATION OF TAB. XII. Inflorescence and leaves, natural size. Fig. 1, a flower cut open, showing the three sterile and two fertile stamens ; 2, a fertile stamen, enlarged. I have not been able to follow Baillon in regarding this as the type of a distinct genus. Tribe RUTE^E. Herbs or undershrubs, with the exception of three or four species confined to the Old World. 2. PEGANUM. Peganum, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 601 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 287. Four herbaceous species are known : one is widely dispersed in the Old World ; two are natives of Central and Eastern Asia; and one is Mexican. 1. Peganum mexicanum, A. Gray, PI. Wright, i. p. 30 in adnot. New Mexico.— North Mexico, Saltillo and Monterey {Gregg), El Gallo, Chihuahua {Thurber, 836), San Luis Potosi to San Antonio {Parry, 105). Hb. Kew. 3. THAMNOSMA. Thamnosma, Torr. et Fremont, 2nd Report, p. 313 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i.' p. 288. The genus is at present limited to the following species, which are both undershrubs, and an undescribed species recently discovered in South Africa. 1. Thamnosma texana, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 288. Rutosma texana, A. Gray, Gen. 111. ii. p. 143, t. 155. Texas; New Mexico.— North Mexico, Santa Cruz, Sonora {Wright), Monterey, Nuevo Leon {Gregg), San Luis Potosi to San Antonio {Parry, 104). Hb. Kew. 168 eutace^:. 2. Thamnosma moiltana, Frem. et Torr. in Fremont, 2nd Report, p. 313, and Bot. Whipple Exped. p. 17, t. 3. California. — Nokth Mexico, Sierra Tula, Sonora (Schott). Tribe ZANTHOXYLE^l. 4. ASTROPHYLLUM. Astrophyllum, Torr. in Bot. Pope's Exped., Pacif. R. Rep., ii. p. 161; Benth. et Hoot. Gen. Plant, i. p. 296. The genus is limited to the following shrubby species. 1. Astrophyllum dumOSUm, Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 42. New Mexico. — Nokth Mexico, west slopes of Sierra del Pajarito, Sonora (Schott), Chihuahua (Bigelow). Hb. Kew. 5. CHOISYA. Choisya, Kunth, in H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 4 (Juliana, Llav. et Lex.) ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 297. A monotypic shrubby genus. 1. Choisya ternata, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 6, t. 513. Nokth Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 229) ; South Mexico, cultivated in and around the city of Mexico, in the mountains above Toluca (Andrieux, ¥17), Las Vegas, Vera Cruz (Linden, 431 ; Galeotti, 1799), Jalacingo (Schiede & Beppe), Desierto Viejo (Bourgeau, 1269), Canada (Bilimek, 77). Hb. Kew. 6. ZANTHOXYLON. Zanthoxylon, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 1109; Benth. et Hook. Gen, Plant, i. p. 297. A genus of about eighty species of shrubs and trees, distributed over most tropical and subtropical countries. 1. Zanthoxylon afiine, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 3. South Mexico, at Laka Cuiseo, at 5400 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland). 2. Zanthoxylon ghiesbreghtii, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1859, i. p. 274. South Mexico, Zacuapan, Vera Cruz (Ghiesbreght, 122 and 225). \f%. Zanthoxylon limoncillo, Planch, et (Erst. MSS. in Hb. Kew. Zanthoxylon pterota, Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald/ nee H. B. K. Texas. — Mexico, without locality (Bates); Panama, Boquete, Volcan de Chiriqui (Seemann, 1655). Hb. Kew. 4. Zanthoxylon melanostictum, Schl. et Ch. in Linneea, v. p. 231. Mexico, without any indication of the locality (Schiede & Deppe). KTJTACELE. 169 5. Zanthoxylon pentanome, DC. Prodr. i. p. 725 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 187. Mexico, without locality {Mogino & Sesse). 6. Zanthoxylon pterota, Linn., H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 3. North Mexico, Santa Eosa, Cohahuila {Bigelow) ; South Mexico, Tepic {Lay), prov. Mexico {Bates), between Misantla and Nantla {Schiede & Deppe).— Also in the West Indies. Hb. Kew. 7. Zanthoxylon rigidnm, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 4. Panama {Duchassaing). — Colombia. 8. Zanthoxylon, sp. South Mexico, valley of Cordova {Bourgeau, 2232). Hb. Kew. 9. Zanthoxylon, sp. South Mexico, Orizaba {Botteri, 990). Hb. Kew. 10. Zanthoxylon, sp. South Mexico, Jalapa {Linden, 728), region of Orizaba {Bourgeau, 2621). Hb. Kew. 11. Zanthoxylon, sp. Panama, swampy ground near Frijoli railway-station {S. Hayes, 138). Hb. Kew. 7. DECATEOPIS. Decatropis, Hook. fil. in Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 298. A monotypic, shrubby or arboreous genus. l. Decatropis coulteri, Hook. fil. l. c. (Tab. XIII.) Arbor (?), ramis novellis cano- vel ruf o-velutinis. Folia alterna, imparipinnata, exstipulata, 4-5-juga, suprema 6-9-pollicaria, foliolis petiolulatis oppositis coriaceis lanceolatis oblongisve, 2-3-polli- caribus, retusis, subtus dense cano- vel rufo-velutinis, supra costa canaliculata hirsuta excepta glaberrimis, minutissima reticulatione notatis, petiolo bipollicari, rhachi petiolulisque crassis teretibus velutinis. Flores albi, parvi, sessiles, in paniculas amplas ramosas axillares dispositi, ramis panicularum calycibusque lanato-velutinis ; calyx subcupularis, 5-dentatus ; petala 5, lanceolata, membranacea ; stamina 10, alterna breviora, filamentis filiformibus; ovarium alte 5-lobum, glabrum, apice tori insertum, lobis dorso carinatis, inter carinas concavis, stylis connatis brevissimis, ovulis in loculis 2 collateralibus. Fructus ignotus. South Mexico, Zimapan {Coulter, 871). Hb. Kew. EXPLANATION OF TAB. XIII. Flowering branch, natural size. Figs. 1 and 2, flowers, enlarged; 3 and 4, ovary, enlarged (one of the lobes removed from the latter) . biol. cent.-amee., Bot. Vol. 1, Nov. 1879. z 170 EUTACE-ffi. 8. POLYASTER. Polyaster, Hook. fil. in Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 299. A monotypic shrubby genus. 1. Polyaster boronioides, Hook. fil. in Benth. et Hook. Gen. PL i. p. 299. South Mexico, Zimapan {Coulter, 874). Hb. Kew. 9. MEGASTIGMA. Megastigma, Hook. fil. in Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 299. The genus is limited to the two following shrubby species : — l. Megastigma galeottii, Baill. Adans. x. p. 331. South Mexico, cactus-abounding plains on the Cordillera of Oaxaca (Galeotti, 7012). Hb. Kew. SI 2. Megastigma Skiniieri, Hook. fil. in Benth. et Hook. Gen. PL i. p. 299. Guatemala, without locality (Skinner). Hb. Kew. 10. ESENBECKIA. Esenbeckia, Kunth, in H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vii. p. 246; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 299. A genus comprising upwards of twenty arboreous and shrubby species, restricted to America and the West Indies. l. Esenbeckia berlandieri, Baill. Adans. x. p. 151. North Mexico, the woods around Tampico, Tamaulipas (Berlandier, 3125). Hb. Kew. Trihe TODDALIE^. The members of this tribe are spread over nearly the whole range of the family. 11. PTELEA. Ptelea, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 152 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 301. Shrubs or small trees; about six species, inhabiting North America, including Mexico. 1. Ptelea angUStifolia, Benth. PL Hartw. p. 9. Texas ; New Mexico ; California. — North Mexico, Leon and Zacatecas (Hartweg,42). Hb. Kew. 2. Ptelea parvi&lia, A. Gray, MSS. in Hb. Kew. Fruticosa glabra dense ramosa, foliis suboppositis petiolatis trifoholatis, foliolis subcoriaceis cre- berrime nigro pnnctatis sessilibus, lateralibus multo minoribus, floribus minutissimis tetra- merisj fructu oboyato-elliptico basi auriculato. RUTACE^;. 171 Frutenc vel arbor parva, dense ramosa, glaberrima. Folia petiolata, subopposita, trifoliolata (vol mterdum bifoliolata, foliolum alterum integrum alterum basi unilobatum), foliolis sessilibus subcoriaceis, lanceolatis, obtusis vel interdum retusis, intermedio ad sesquipollicari, lateralibus duplo triplo quadruplove brevioribus, creberrime prsecipue subtus nigro punctatis, supra nitidis. Floras minutissimi, tetrameri, breviter pedicellati, in cymas parvas terminales dispositi. Fructus (unicus tantum visus) obovato-ellipticus, basi auriculatus. North Mexico, near Carrizal, Nuevo Leon (Berlandier, 1404), Buen Vista (Gregg). Hb. Kew. 3. Ptelea pentandra, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 83; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 201. South Mexico, Guanaxuato (Hartweg), without locality (Mogino & SessS). Hb. Kew. 4. Ptelea podocarpa, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 83 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 200. Mexico, without locality (Mogino & Sesse). 5. Ptelea trifoliata, Linn. Sp. Pi. p. 173. Southern States of North America, from Kentucky to — North Mexico, Fronteras, Sonora (Torrey). 6. Ptelea, sp. South Mexico, Cordillera of Oaxaca, 6000 feet (Galeotti, 7169). Hb. Kew. 12. CASIMIEOA. Casimiroa, Llave et Lex. Nov. Veg. Dc=scr. fasc. ii. p. 2; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 302. Limited to the two arboreous species here enumerated. 1. Casimiroa edulis, Llave et Lex. Nov. Veg. Descr. ii. p. 2 ; Seem. Bot. Voy. 1 Herald,' p. 273, t. 51 & 52. Zanthoxylon araliaceum, Turcz. North Mexico, frequent in the States of Cinaloa and Durango, both wild and cul- tivated (Seemann, 2137); South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 787), Orizaba (Botteri, 1008) ; Guatemala, near the city of Guatemala (S. Hayes). Hb. Kew. 2. Casimiroa sapota, (Erst, in Vidensk. Meddel. 1857. Nicaragua, Province of Segovia, in the vicinity of Chinotega, at 4000 feet (CErsted). Tribe AURANTIE^E. With the exception of the doubtful genus Stauranthus, this tribe (comprising twelve genera and above sixty species) is limited to the Old World. 13. STAUKANTHUS. Stauranthus, Liebm. in Vidensk. Meddel. 1853, p. 91 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 303. The only species : — 22 172 KUTACE.E. 1. StaurantllUS perforatus, Liebm. in Vidensk. Meddel. 1853, p. 91. South Mexico, in woods near Los dos Puentes, between Totutla, Vera Cruz, and San Antonio, Huatusco (Liebmann). Hb. Kew. [Several of this tribe are cultivated, and partly or wholly naturalized, in Mexico and Central America ; amongst which there are specimens at Kew of Citrus aurantium, ' C. decumana, C. limonium, C. media, and C. vulgaris and Triphasia trifoliata.~] Order XXXII. SIMARUBACE^E. Simarubets, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 306. Trees and shrubs, about 120 species, belonging to upwards of thirty genera, generally dispersed in tropical countries, rare in subtropical regions. Tribe SIMARUBE^E. 1. QUASSIA. Quassia, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 521 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 308. The genus consists of the following species, which is a large tree, and one shrubby species, a native of West Tropical Africa. 4 1. Quassia amara, Linn. fil. Suppl. p. 235; Lodd. Bot. Cab. 1. 172; Bot. Mag. t. 497. Nicaragua, Chontales (Seemann), without locality (L&uy) ; Panama, Isle of Taboga (Seemann), in damp woods near Frijoli railway-station (S. Hayes, 491). t Var. grandiflora. Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 304). — Colombia, Guiana, and Brazil. Hb. Kew. Also a native of Trinidad, and introduced into some of the other West-Indian Islands. 2. SIMABA. Simaba, Aubl. PI. Guian. i. p. 400 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 308. This genus is peculiar to America, and consists of about fourteen arboreous and shrubby species, 1. Simaba bicolor, Zucc. in Flora, 1832, ii. Beibl. p. 72. Mexico (Karwinski). 42. Simaba Cedron, Planch, in Hooker's Lond. Journ. Bot. vi. p. 566. Costa Eica, Golfo Dulce (Jomard, Hb. Paris.); Panama, on the outskirts of forests, the banks of rivers, and the sea- shore in Darien, Panama, and Veraguas {Seemann). — Colombia. Hb. Kew. ^ 3. Simaba, sp. Guatemala (Friedrichsthal). Hb. Kew. SIMAKTJBACE.&. 173 3. SIMARUBA. Simaruba, Aubl. PL Guian. ii. p. 856 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 309. ^_ Three arboreous species, endemic in America. 1. Simaruba glauca, DC. Prodr. i. p. 733. Florida. — Nicaragua, environs of Granada (L6vy, 368); Panama, Remedios, Veraguas ^_(Seemann). — Also in Guiana, St. Vincent, Dominica, Cuba. Hb. Kew. 2. Simaruba versicolor, St.-Hil. Pi. Us. Bras. t. 5. Guatemala (Friedrichsthal). — Brazil. Hb. Kew. 4. RIGIOSTACHYS. Rigiostachys, Planch, in Hook. Lond. Jours. Bot. vi. p. 29; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant. i. p. 309. 1. Rigiostachys bracteata, llanch. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vi. p. 30; in Linnsea, xxiii. p. 442. tRecchia mexicana, Moc. et Sesse. South Mexico, Pacific coast of Oaxaca (Oaleotti, 7144). Hb. Kew. Planchon would refer this to Rosacese, tribe Quillajese ; and Baillon (Adansonia, x. p. 42) also thinks it should be placed in that order. 5. CASTELA. Castela, Turpin in Ann. Mus. Par. vii. p. 78, t. 5; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 310. There are six, shrubby species, all American. 1. Castela lychnophoroides, Liebm. in Vidensk. Meddel. 1853, p. 110. South Mexico, in arid plains near Tehuacan de las Granadas (Liebmann). 2. Castela nicholsoni, Hook. Bot. Misc. i. p. 271, t. 56. Texas. — North Mexico, Mier, Nuevo Leon (Thurber). Hb. Kew. 3. Castela retusa, Liebm. in Vidensk. Meddel. 1853, p. 110. South Mexico, between Tehuantepec and San Carlos, Oaxaca (Liebmann). Hb. Kew. 4. Castela tortuosa, Liebm. in Vidensk. Meddel. 1853, p. 108. South Mexico, Cuesta de Quiotepec, Oaxaca (CErsted). Hb. Kew. 6. HOLACANTHA. Holacantha, A. Gray, PL Thurb. in Mem. Amer. Acad. nov. ser. v. p. 310 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 310. About six shrubby species, restricted to Subtropical and Tropical America. 1. Holacantha emoryi, A. Gray, PL Thurber. p. 310, t. 8; Bot. Mex. Bound, t. 10. 174 SIMARTJBACE^;. Arizona. — North Mexico, on the desert between the Gila river and Tucson, Sonora (Thurler), near Sonoita (Schott). Hb. Kew. 7. BRUNELLIA. Brunellia, Ruiz et Pav. Prodr. p. 71, t. 12; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 313. An exclusively American genus, comprising about ten arboreous species. 1. Brunellia COmOCladifolia, Humb. et Bonpl. PI. ^Equin. i. p. Ill, t. 59. South Mexico (Jurgensen, 605). — Jamaica, Colombia, and Peru. Hb. Kew. 2. Brunellia? quadrilocularis, Hook, et Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 282. South Mexico, Tepic (Lay). Tribe PICRAMNIE.E. 8. PICEELLA. Picrella, Baill. Adansonia, x. p. 150. Restricted to this one shrubby species : — 1. Picrella trifoliata, Baill. Adans. x. p. 150, 1. 10. South Mexico (Ghiesbreght). Hb. Paris. 9. PICEAMNIA. Picramnia, Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. i. p. 217, t. 4; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 315. About twenty arboreous and shrubby species, all confined to tropical and subtropical America. 1. Picramnia andicola, Tul. in Ann. Sc. Nat. sene 3, vii. p. 265. South Mexico, Cordillera of Vera Cruz, at 2500 feet (Galeotti, 3502). 2. Picramnia antidesma, Sw. Fl. Ind. occ. i. p. 218. South Mexico, banks of the Eio Puyapatengo, Teapa (Linden, 824), in woods about Jalapa (Schiede & Deppe). Hb. Kew. Var. nervosa, Planch. Cicca macrostachya, Benth. South Mexico, San Bias to Tepic (Sinclair). This species has a wide range in the West Indies and Tropical South America. 3. Picramnia bonplandiana, Tul. in Ann. Sc. Nat. serie 3, vii. p. 266. South Mexico, region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 2849), without habitat (Hahn). Hb. Kew. * 4. Picramnia carpinterae, Polakowsky, in Linnaja, xli. p. 553. Costa Eica, in primeval forests, Carpintera (Polakowsky). SIMAEUBACE^:. 175 5. Picramnia ciHata, Mart. Waip. Eep. ii. p. 830. A Brazilian species, — said by Polakowsky to grow in gardens and by waysides in Costa Eica. 6. Picramnia fessonia, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 66. Mexico, without locality (Mogino & SessS). 7. Picramnia longissima, Tul. in Ann. Sc. Nat. serie 3, vii. p. 257. Panama, without special localities (S. Hayes, 598, and Seemann). — Colombia. Hb. Kew. 8. Picramnia lindeniana, Tul. in Ann. Sc. Nat. serie 3, vii. p. 265. South Mexico, on the banks of the Rio Puyapatengo, Teapa (Linden). 9. Picramnia polyantha, Planch, in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. p. 577. Rhus poly antha, Benth. Mexico, Villa Alta (Hartweg), without habitat (Jurgensen). Hb. Kew. 10. Picramnia teapensis, Tul. in Ann. Sc. Nat. serie 3, vii. p. 265. South Mexico, Teapa (Linden). 11. Picramnia? tetramera, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1863, i. p. 598. South Mexico (JSotteri). 12. Picramnia umbrosa, Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald,' p. 97, t. 24. Panama, Boquete, Veraguas (Seemann, 1252). Hb. Kew. 13. Picramnia xalapensis, Planch, in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. p. 577. South Mexico,. Jalapa (Galeotti, 3506 ; Linden, 726). Hb. Kew. 14. Picramnia, sp. (P. bonplandiana, Tul. %) South Mexico, Vera Cruz to Orizaba (Muller), Zacuapan (Linden, 727). Hb. Kew. 15. Picramnia, sp. (" P. pendula, Tul." %) South Mexico, San Cristobal (Bourgeau, 3217). Hb. Paris. 10. KCEBERLINIA. Kceberlinia, Zucc. in Mora, 1832, ii. Beibl. p. 73; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 315. Monotypic, an almost leafless shrub. 1. Kffiberlinia SpinOSa, Zucc. Flora, 1832, ii. Beibl. p. 73, Texas. — North Mexico, Potosi, in the plain (Hartweg), Bolson de Mapimi (Gregg), San Luis Potosi to San Antonio (Parry, 106). Hb. Kew. 176 SIMAETJBACE^E. 11. SPATHELIA. Spathelia, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 373: Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 315. A West-Indian genus of three arboreous species, and the following doubtful one: — 1. Spathelia? rhoifolia, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 84 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 190. Mexico, without locality (Moftno & Sesse). Order XXXIII. OCHNACEiE. Ochnacecs, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 316. This order comprises about 150 shrubby and arboreous species, belonging to twelve genera. They are almost confined to tropical regions. Tribe OCHNE.E. The genera of this tribe are divided between the Old and New Worlds. 1. GOMPHIA. Gomphia, Schreb. Gen. i. p. 291 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. PI. i. p. 31 8. About eighty species, most numerous in South America ; ten are Tropical- African, and two or three East-Indian. 1. Gomphia jurgensenii, Planch, in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vi. p. 11. South Mexico (Jurgensen). Hb. Kew. 2. Gomphia mexicana, Humb. et Bonpl. PI. JEquin. ii. p. 21, t. 74. South Mexico, between Acapulco and Chilpancingo (Humboldt & Bonpland). 3. Gomphia magdalenSB, Tr. et PI.? in Ann. Sc. Nat. serie iv. p. 273. British Honduras, Belize (Marsh, 1913). — Colombia. Hb. Kew. v 4. Gomphia nitida, Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. ii. p. 739. Panama, in dark forests near Cruces, Gorgona, and Chagres (Seemann, 547), Chagres (Fendler, 303). — Jamaica, Antigua, and Trinidad. Hb. Kew. i 5. Gomphia, sp. (G. nitidce, var. 1) Panama, Lion-Hill railway-station (S. Hayes, 540). Hb. Kew. Tribe LUXEMBERGIE^E. Exclusively American, and comprising six genera and eighteen species, with one exception confined to Tropical South America. OCHNACE.E. 177 2. CESPEDESIA. Cespedesia, Gondot in Ann. Sc. Nat. serie 3, ii. p. 369; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 320. Four species, lofty trees, inhabiting Peru and Colombia. 1. Cespedesia macrophylla, Seem. Bot. Voy. « Herald,' p. 97. Panama, without locality (S. Hayes). — Colombia. Hb. Kew. Order XXXIV. BURSERACEtE. Burseracem, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 321. About twenty genera, comprising 150 arboreous and shrubby species, inhabiting the tropics of both hemispheres. Tribe BURSEEELE. 1. BUKSERA. Bvrsera, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 440 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 324. About forty species, with few exceptions American ; one occurs in the East Indies. Bentham and Hooker (I. c.) unite Idea and Elaphrium with JBursera ; but as the species require revision, we have not ventured to give specific names under Bursera. Doubtless many of the following numbers belong to the same species. 1. Bursera gummifera, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 471 ; Jacq. Amer. t. 65. Florida. — South Mexico, near Tantoyuca (Ervendberg), Papantla (Schiede & Deppe), Hacienda de la Laguna (Schiede); Panama, isle of Taboga (Seemann, 1653). — Also common in the West Indies. Hb. Kew. 2. Bursera microphylla, A. Gray, in Proc. Am. Acad. v. p. 155. Nokth Mexico, in the Sierra Tula, Sonora (Schott). 3. Bursera Obovata, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1863, i. p. 613. Mexico, Orizaba (Botteri, 912). 4. Bursera, sp. South Mexico, Cordova (Br. Finch). Hb. Kew. 5. Bursera, sp. South Mexico, Tehuacan, 5500 feet (Galeotti, 4008). Hb. Kew. 6. Bursera, sp. South Mexico, mountains near Guadalupe (Bourgeau, 518). Hb. Kew. biol. cent.-ameb., Bot. Vol. 1, Nov. 1879. 2 a ( 178 BTJESEEACEiE. 7. Bursera, sp. South Mexico, Guadalupe (Bourgeau, 338 ; BilimeJc, 857). Hb. Kew. 8. Bursera ?, sp. South Mexico (Hahn). Hb. Kew. 9. Bursera?, sp. South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 2237). Hb. Kew. "10. Bursera, sp. Guatemala (Friedrichsthal). Hb. Kew. 11. Bursera, sp. South Mexico, Leon (Hartweg). Hb. Kew. 12. Bursera, sp. South Mexico, Vera Cruz (Linden, 732 ; Schiede, 716), ravines at 3000 feet (Galeotti, 3513), valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 2058). Hb. Kew. ^ 13. Bursera, sp. Nicaragua, Chontales (Tate, 268). Hb. Kew. Published under ICICA. 14. Icica COpal, Rich. Fl. Cub. t. 37. South Mexico, near Tantoyuca (Ervendberg, 185). — North part of South America and the West Indies. 15. Idea leptostachya, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1858, i. p. 473. South Mexico, in woods near Vera Cruz (Galeotti, 3493). 16. Icica serrata, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 77. Mexico, without locality (Mogino & SessS). Published under ELAPHRIUM. 17. Elaphrium aloexylon, Schiede, ex Schl. in Linnsea, xvii. p. 252. Amyris Linanoe, Llave ex Schiede. South Mexico, Eeal de Huantla &c (Schiede). 18. Elaphrium? ariense, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vii. p. 31. South Mexico, between Pazcuaro and Volcan de Jorullo, near Ario (Humboldt & Bonpland). 19. Elaphrium bicolor, Willd. ex Schl. in Linneea, xvii. p. 625. South Mexico, Eeal de Huantla to San Francisco de Jetecala (Schiede). BTJESEKACE2E. 179 20. Elaphrium COpallifemm, DC. Prodr. i. p. 724 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 202 et xxx. B. Mexico, without locality (Mopino & Sesse). 21. Elaphrium crenatum, Schl. in Linnsea, xvii. p. 629. South Mexico, near Zamaliztlahuaca and at Iquala (Schiede). 22. Elaphrium excelsum, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vii. p. 30, t. 611. South Mexico, between Acapulco and Vento del Exido (Humboldt & Bonpland). 23. Elaphrium fagaroides, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vii. p. 27, t. 611. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 108) , South Mexico, near Queretaro, 6000 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland). Schlechtendal (Linnsea, xvii.) distinguishes varieties a, |3, and y in Schiede's collection, and refers Amyris ventricosa, La Llave, to the latter. 24. Elaphrium glabrifolium, Jacq. ex H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vii. p. 28. South Mexico, Volcan de Jorullo (Humboldt & Bonpland, Schiede), San Francisco, Jetecala (Schiede). 25. Elaphrium grandifolium, Schl. in Linnsea, xvii. p. 249. South Mexico, in the warm region (Schiede). 26. "Elaphrium graveolens, K." Hb.Kew. North Mexico, west coast (from Mr. Piesse, " Sinaloe tree "). Hb. Kew. 27. Elaphrium jorullense, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vii. p. 28, t. 612. South Mexico, near Agua Sarco, and at the foot of the Volcan de Jorullo (Humboldt & Bonpland), Reale de Huantla, Yguala, and San Francisco de Jetecala (Schiede). 28. Elaphrium lancifblium, Schl. in Linnsea, xvii. p. 247. Var. a et (3, South Mexico, in the warm region (Schiede). 29. Elaphrium ? lanuginosum, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vii. p. 31, South Mexico, near the village of Cuernavaca (Humboldt & Bonpland). 30. Elaphrium OValifolium, Schl. in Linnsea, xvii. p. 248. South Mexico, without any special locality (Schiede). 31. Elaphrium penicillatum, DC. Prodr. i. p. 724; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 203 et xxx. c. Mexico, without locality (Mogirtb & Sesse). 32. Elaphrium pubescens, Schl. in Linnsea, xvi. p. 527. Amyris pubescens, Hb. Willd. South Mexico, Campeche. 2a2 180 BTJESEEACE^:. 33. Elaphrium simplicifoliiun, Schl. in Linnsea, xvi. p. 532. South Mexico, without any special locality (Schiede). 34. Elaphrium "torulosum," in hb. Kew. Rhus potentillafolium, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1858, i. p. 469. South Mexico, cactiferous rocks, Tehuacan, Oaxaca, at 5500 feet (Galeotti, 4006 ; Andrieux, 466). Hb. Kew. 2. HEDWIGIA. Hedwigia, Swartz, M. Ind. Occ. ii. p. 670; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 326. There are four or five arboreous species of this genus, natives of the northern part of South America and the West-Indian Islands. «A. Hedwigia balsamifera, Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. ii. p. 670, 1. 13. Panama, Eio-Grande railway-station (S. Hayes, 342).— Trinidad ; and, according to Tussac, it occurs in nearly all the West-Indian Islands. Hb. Kew. 2. Hedwigia? mexicana, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 80 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 204. Mexico, without locality (Mogino & Sesse). Tribe AMYBLDEiE. The tribe is limited to the following genus, which is peculiar to the West Indies and Tropical America : — 3. AMYEIS. Amyris, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 473 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 327. About twelve species of shrubs and trees. 1. Amyris ? bipinnata, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 82 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 197. Mexico, without locality (Mogino & SessS). 2. Amyris? tecomaca, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 82; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 195. Mexico, without locality (Mogino & iSessS). 3. Amyris thyrsiflora, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1858, i. p. 475. South Mexico, Zacuapan (Linden, 77), Vera Cruz, ravines at 3000 feet (Galeotti, 2822), Jalapa (Galeotti, 7018). Hb. Kew. 4. Amyris, sp. North Mexico, Monterey (Eaton & Edwards, 77). Hb. Kew. MELIACE^E. 181 Order XXXV. MELIACE.E. Meliacea, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 327; C. De Candolle, Monogr. Phan. vol. i. Trees or shrubs, very rarely herbaceous. About 270 species, according to Bentham and Hooker, referred to thirty-seven genera. Natives of warm countries, and most numerous in Asia and America. Tribe MELIEJB. This tribe is not represented in America by any indigenous species; but Melia azedarach, Linn., is commonly cultivated, and is naturalized in some parts, as in the valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 2055). Tribe TEICHILIE.3E. 1. GUAREA. Guarea, Linn. Mant. 1305 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 335. The genus, with one exception, is confined to America, and is estimated by Bentham and Hooker to consist of about thirty species, which are mostly trees. C. De Candolle, in Monogr. Phan. i. pp. 542-579, describes seventy species. 1. Guarea bijuga, C. DC. in Monogr. Phan. i. p. 567. ? G. kegelii, Turcz., infra. Guatemala (Skinner). Hb. Kew. 2. Guarea brachystachya, DC. Prodr. i. p. 624; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 155. Mexico or Central America 1 >~ 3. Guarea filifbrmis, C. DC. in Monogr. Phan. i. p. 566. South Mexico, Oaxaca (Jurgensen, 199). — And in Peru. Var. 0. pallida, C. DC. I. c. South Mexico, Cuernavaca (Bourgeau, 1197) ; Nicaragua, between Sapua and Tortuga (GErsted). Hb. Kew. 4. Guarea fulva, Tr. et PL in Ann. Sc. Nat. serie 5, v. p. 370. Var. j3. mexicana, C. DC. in Monogr. Phan. i. p. 575. Sapindus glabrescens, Hook, et Am. South Mexico, without locality (Beechey). Hb. Kew. 5. Guarea hirsuta, C. DC. in Monogr. Phan. i. p. 578. New Spaik (Pavon, in Hb. Boiss.). 182 MELIACEA ^ 6. Guarea hoffinanniana, C. DC. in Monogr. Phan. i. p. 570. Costa Eica {Hoffmann, 755). 7. Guarea humilis, Bertero, in DC. Prodr. i. p. 624. Guarea excelsa, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vii. p. 227. South Mexico, Acapulco and Zumpango, at 3000 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland), virgin forest of Potrero (Halm). — Also in Porto Eico and Martinique. Hb. Paris. {/ 8. Guarea kegelii, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1863, i. p. 589. = G. bijuga, C. DC. supra. Guatemala (Kegel). "9. Guarea trichilioides, Linn. Mant. p. 228. Guarea aubletii, A. Juss. Panama (8. Hayes). — West Indies to Brazil and Peru. Hb. Kew. 2. TEICHILIA. Trichilia, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 528 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 337. About thirty species, according to Bentham and Hooker, chiefly Tropical- American, about five occurring in Africa. C. De Candolle, in Monogr. Phan. i. pp. 646-713, describes 111 species. t/ 1. Trichilia havanensis, Jacq. Am. p. 129, 1. 175. fig. 38. Moschossylon cuneatum, Turcz. Moschoxylon veraguense, Seem. South Mexico, Vera Cruz (Galeotti, 3494; F. Miiller, 278 and 945), Orizaba (Bot- teri, 972 ; Bourgeau, 1575, 1473, and various other collectors, without numbers or localities) • Guatemala, Barranca of Zunila (Skinner), Volcan de Fuego (Salvin) ; Costa Eica (Endres), outskirts of gardens (Polakowsky) ; Panama, Chiriqui (Seemann). — North part of South America and the West Indies. Hb. Kew. Var. /3. lanceolata, C. DC. in Monogr. Phan. i. p. 677. South Mexico, Mirador (Linden, 773), Cordova (Botteri, 939 and 950) ; Guatemala, Dueiias (Salvin & Godman) ; Costa Eica, San Jose ((Ersted). Hb. Kew. /"Var. y. multijuga, C. DC. I. C. Panama, Boquete (Seemann). Hb. Kew. 2. Trichilia karwinsMana, C. DC. in Monogr. Phan. i. p. 663. Mexico (KarwinsM, 1150). Hb. Petrop. e^3. Trichilia cerstediana, C. DC. in Monogr. Phan. i. p. 677. Nicaragua ((Ersted); Guatemala (Friedrichsthal). Hb. Kew. 4. Trichilia oligantha, C. DC. in Monogr. Phan. i. p. 693. Mexico (KarwinsJcy). lib. Petrop. MMAAGBM. 183 5. Trichilia propinqua, C. DC. in Monogr. Phan. i. p. 693. Var. /3. cinerascens, C. DC. I. c. Nicaragua (CErsted). The type inhabits Guiana. 6. Trichilia pallida, Swartz. Fl. Ind. Occ. p. 733. Portesia ovata, Cav. Diss. vii. p. 639, t. 215. West Indies — Guatemala, Mexico (ex Grisebach, Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 130). 7. Trichilia SChiedeana, C. DC. in Monogr. Phan. i. p. 664. South Mexico, near Vera Cruz (Schiede). Hb. Berol. 8. Trichilia Spondioides, Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. p. 730 ; Eefug. Bot. t. 293. South Mexico, Misantla (Schiede & Deppe), Vera Cruz (Gouin), Oaxaca (Galeotti, 3499). — Widely spread in the northern part of South America and in the West Indies. Hb. Kew. 9. Trichilia tubercidata, C. DC. in Monogr. Phan. i. p. 711. Panama, Empire railway-station (S. Hayes, 262). Hb. Kew. 3. CAEAPA. Carapa, Aubl. PI. Guian. Suppl. p. 33, t. 387 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 338. Trees, about six species, widely dispersed in the tropics. 1. Carapa nicaraguensis, C. DC. in Monogr. Phan. i. p. 717. Nicaragua, Chontales (Tate, 45 and 46). Hb. Kew. Tribe SWIETENIE^). This tribe is thinly distributed in Tropical Asia, Africa, and America. 4. SWIETENIA. Swietenia, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 575 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 338. Two arboreous species, indigenous to Cistropical America and the West-Indian Islands, and one in Western Tropical Africa. 1. Swietenia humilis, Zucc. PI. Nov. fasc. ii. p. 355, t. 7, A et B. South Mexico, on the Pacific coast, in dry rocky places, scarcely 1000 feet above the sea, especially near Tehuantepec (Karwinski). 2. Swietenia mahogani, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 271 ; Jacq. Am. p. 127 ; Cav. Diss. vii. t. 209 ; Hook. Bot. Misc. 1. 16, 17. South Mexico, Acapulco (Humboldt & Bonpland) ; British Honduras and Guate- 184 MELIACEJE. mala, forests of the east coast (Salvin & Godman) ; Honduras (Armstrong and others) ; Nicaragua, Realejo (Sinclair). — Jamaica, Bahamas, Trinidad, Cuba, Peru. Hb. Kew. Tribe CEDRELE^l. This tribe is not represented in Africa. 5. CEDRELA. Cedrela, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 277; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 339. A genus of about twelve arboreous species — two Asiatic, one Australian, and the rest American. 1. Cedrela angustifolia, DC. Prodr. i. p. 624 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 153. Mexico % 2. Cedrela alternifolia, steud. DC. Prodr. i. p. 625. Cedrus alternifolia, Miller. South Mexico, Campeche. This is a doubtful species. 3. Cedrela glaziovii, C. DC. in Mart. Fl. Bras. fasc. lxxv. t. 65. f. 2. South Mexico, forests of the interior of Yucatan (Linden, 890), Papantla (Schiede). — West Indies, Venezuela and Brazil. Hb. Kew. 4. Cedrela mexicana, Rcem. Syn. fasc. i. p. 137 ; =C. odoratal vide Ch. etSchl. in Linnsea, v. p. 422. Mexico. 5. Cedrela, sp. South Mexico, around Oaxaca (Andrieux, 483). Hb. Kew. v 6. Cedrela, sp. (% C. odorata.) Nicaragua, Chontales (Tate, 299). Hb. Kew. [Chailletiacece. — No representative of this small order has hitherto been detected in Central America or Mexico. The species are widely dispersed, the genus Chailletia being represented in Tropical South America, Tropical Africa, and Asia ; one species occurs in Trinidad ; and possibly the genus may yet be found to exist, in our country. I Order XXXVI. OLACINE.E. Olacinece, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 312. Shrubs and trees, inhabiting tropical and subtropical regions, rare in South Africa and Extratropical Australia. About 200 species, belonging to forty-five genera. 0LAC1NK&. 185 Tribe OLACE^l. 1. XIMENIA. Ximenia, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 477 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 346. There are four or five arboreous and shrubby species, including one in South Africa, one in the Pacific islands, and the following. 1. Ximenia americana, Linn. sp. PL p. 497. Ximenia multiflora, Jacq. Am. t. 277. fig. 31. Ximenia oblonga, Lam. 111. t. 297. fig. 2. South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 2232) ; Panama, on the sea-beach, Pacific coast, very common (Seemann, 537). — And southward to Buenos Ayres. Also common in Tropical Asia, Africa, and Australia. Hb. Kew. 2. Ximenia parviflora, Benth. PL Hartw. p. 7. North Mexico, Zacatecas (Hartweg, 28). Hb. Kew. 3. Ximenia, sp. North Mexico, Sierra Madre (Seemann, 2156). Hb. Kew. Probably an unarmed state of X. parviflora. 2. SCHCEPFIA. Sckcepfia, Schreb. Gen. Plant, p. 129 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 348. About twelve shrubby and arboreous species, four of which are Asiatic and the remainder American. 1. Schoepfia arboreSCenS, Ecem. et Schultz, DC. Prodr. iv. p. 319. South Mexico, Mirador (Liebmann) ; San Salvador, port of Acajutla (S. Hayes, 462). — Many of the West-Indian Islands and Venezuela. Hb. Kew. 2. SchCBpfia anglllata, Planch, in Hemsl. Diag. PL Nov. pars 1, p. 5. Ramis angulatis, foliis lanceolatis obtusis brevissime petiolatis li-2-pollicaribus, pedunculis brevis- simis 2-3-floris, floribus sessilibus, corollse lobis tubum fere sequantibus, ovario biloculari, stylo crasso tubo corollse sequali. Frutex glaberrimus, valde ramosus, ramulis angulatis foliosis. Folia brevissime petiolata, coriacea, lanceolata, obtusa, li-2-pollicaria, venis immersis. Flores (lutei, Linden) sessiles ad sesquilineam longi, pedunculis axillaribus, 1-2 lin. longis, 2-3-floris. Corolla ssepissime (an semper ?) 4-loba, lobis ovatis, obtusis, tubum fere sequantibus, medio pone antheras breviter barbatis. Ovarium alte 2-locnlare, loculis uniovulatis, stylo tubo corollse sequali, stigmate magno capitato. South Mexico, Zacuapan, Vera Cruz (Linden, 33 and 79), rivulets near Jalapa, at 3000 feet (Qaleotti, 7059). Hb. Kew. 3. Schoepfia mexicana, A. DC. Prodr. xiv. p. 622. South Mexico, Tlacolola, Oaxaca (Andrieux, 345). Hb. Kew. biol. cent.-amer., Bot. Vol. 1, Feb. 1880. 2 b 186 OLA.CESEM. 4. Schffipfia parvi&lia, Planch, in Hemsl. Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 5. Ramis teretibus, foliis ovato-lanceolatis pollicaribus, pedunculis brevibus axillaribus bi-trifloris, corolla? lobis ovatis quam tubus triplo brevioribus, ovario alte biloculari, stylo crasso quam tubus corollae dimidio breviore. Frutex glaberrimus, ramis teretibus virgatis patentibus, parce Miosis. Folia breviter petiolata, coriacea, ovato-lanceolata, obtusa, 9-12 lin. longa, costa venisque immersis. Flores sessiles, ad 3 lin. longi, pedunculis crassis, 1-2 lin. longis, axillaribus bi- trifloris; corolla 4-loba, lobis ovatis, obtusis, quam tubus triplo brevioribus, pone antheras breviter barbatis. Ovarium alte biloculare, loculis uniovulatis, stylo crasso, quam tubus corollae dimidio breviore, stigmate amplo capitate Fructus ignotus. South Mexico (Parkinson). Hb. Kew. 5. Schcepfia vacciniiflora, Planch, in Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 5. (Tab. XIV.). Ramis teretibus, foliis lauceolatis acuminatis 2-2^ poll, longis, pedunculis 9-12 lin. longis 3-6-floris, floribus pedicellatis, corolla? lobis lanceolatis acutis quam tubus triplo brevioribus, stylo crasso quam tubus corollas dimidio breviore. Frutex glaberrimus, ramis teretibus valde Miosis. Folia subsessilia, coriacea, lineari-lanceolata vel lanceolata, 2-2i|-pollicaria, acuminata, obtusiuscula, venis immersis. Flores (aurantiaco-coc- cinei, Purdie) pedicellati, ad 4 lin. longi, pedunculis axillaribus 3-6-floris, 9-12 lin. longis. Corolla 4-5-loba, lobis ovatis, acutis, quam tubus quadruplo brevioribus, medio pone antheras breviter barbatis. Ovarium 2— 3-loculare, loculis uniovulatis, stylo crasso quam tubus corollae dimidio breviore, stigmate amplo capitato. Fructus ignotus. Guatemala, Volcan de Fuego, 7300 feet (Salvin). — Venezuela. Hb. Kew. EXPLANATION OF TAB. XIV. Portion of plant, nat. size. Pig. 1, a flower enlarged ; 2, the same, laid open ; 3, vertical section of an ovary ; 4, cross section of ditto. Order XXXVII. ILICINE^E. Mcinete, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 355. About 150 shrubby and arboreous species, belonging to three genera. They are natives chiefly of Tropical Asia and America, and the north temperate region of the Old World. 1. ILEX. Ilex, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 172, et Prinos, n. 441 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 356. This genus comprises 145 of the 150 species of the family, generally dispersed, but very rare in Africa and Australia, and absent from North-west America. ^1. Ilex bumelioiaes, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vii. p. 71. Panama (Duchassaing). — Peeu. ILICINE^E. 187 2. Ilex COndensata, Turcz. in BuU. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1859, i. p. 277. South Mexico, Orizaba (Botteri, 994). Hb. Kew. 3. Ilex discolor, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 5. Fruticosa, novellis puberulis, foliis discoloribus breviter petiolatis coriaceis oblongo-ellipticis utrinque rotundatis caUosorserrulatis circiter sesquipollicaribus, floribus parvis axillaribus congestis. Frutex novellis puberulis. Folia breviter petiolata, coriacea, oblongo-elliptica, utrinque rotundata, ad sesquipollicaria, calloso-serrulata, subtus cinerea, petiolo ad 2 lin. longo. Flores lutei, parvi, in axillis foliorum congesti, breviter pedicellati, pedicellis basi bibracteolatis, bracteolis minutis; calyx 4-lobatus, lobis rotundatis; petala 4 vel ssepius 3, oblonga, apice rotundata, basi breviter cohserentia ; stamina 4 vel 3, filamentis petalis basi adhaerentibus. Ovarium 4:loculare (?), stylo nullo. South Mexico, Chiapas, barren dry hills of Comitan (Linden, 1652). Hb. Kew. 4. Hex mexicana, Black in Hb. Kew. Pileostegia mexicana, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1859, i. p. 276. South Mexico, Orizaba (Botteri, 998). Hb. Kew. 5. Ilex OCCidentalis, Macf. in Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 147. Panama, Mount Lancon, near the city of Panama (Seemcmn, 554). — Jamaica;. Dominica. Hb. Kew. 6. Ilex tolucana, Hemsley, Diag. PL Nov. pars 1, p. 5. Fruticosa glaberrima, foliis breviter petiolatis coriaceis lanceolatis obtusis 2-4-pollicaribus calloso- serrulatis, floribus numerosissimis in axillis foliorum congestis. Frutex totus glaberrimus, ramis teretibus. Folia breviter petiolata, coriacea, lanceolata, 2-4-polli- caria, obtusa, calloso-serrulata, supra nitida, petiolo sesquilineam longo. Flores numerosissimi, subumbellati, pedicellati, pedunculis pedicellisque brevibus ; calyx 4-lobatus, lobis rotundatis j petala 4, orbiculari-cucullata, basi cohaerentia ; stamina 4, filamentis quam antherse brevioribus. Ovarium 4-loculare, stigmate sessili. South Mexico, Toluca (Andrieux, 260). Hb. Kew. 7. Ilex, sp. South Mexico (Jurgensen, 739). Hb. Kew. Order XXXVIII. CELASTRINE.E. Celastrinea, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 357. Shrubs or trees, about 400 species, belonging to forty genera, generally dispersed, with the exception of frigid regions. 252 188 CELASTEINE^. Tribe CELASTRE.E. 1. EUONYMUS. Euonymus, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 271 ; Bentb. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 360. About fifty species are known, most numerous in the mountains of India and in North-eastern Asia; a few in the Malayan islands, one in Australia, and several North- American, apparently absent from Tropical and South Africa and South America and the West Indies. 1. Euonymus acuminatus, Benth. PI. Hartw. p. 59. South Mexico, plain called Llano Verde (Hartweg, 452). Hb. Kew. 2. Euonymus mexicanus, Benth. PI. Hartw. p. 36. South Mexico, mountains near Huasco (Hartweg, 279), Mineral del Monte to Kancho del Paso and Omitlan (Ehrenberg). Hb. Kew. 3. Euonymus parviflorus, Hemsley, Diag. PL Nov. pars 1, p. 6. Fruticosus, glabrescens, ranmlis gracilibus, foliis vix coriaceis breviter petiolatis lanceolatis acumi- natis acutis, floribus parvis cymosis, cymis 6-12-floris pedunculatis. Frutex glabrescens, ramosissimus, ramulis gracilibus, subquadrangulatis. Folia fere membranacea, glabra, breviter petiolata, lanceolata vel elliptico-lanceolata, 2-3-pollicaria, longe acuminata, acuta, remote et obscure serrulata, petiolo 2-3 lin. longo. Flores tetrameri, cymosi, graciliter pedicellati, minus quam sesquilineari diametro ; cymse axillares pedunculatse, 6-12-florae, pedun- culis gracilibus, 6-19 lin. longis, pedicellis 1-2 lin. longis ; calyx puberulus, lobis rotundatis ; petala orbicularia, undulata, in unguiculum brevem abeuntia; discus crassus, 4-lobatus; sta- mina intra discum inserta. Ovarium 4-loculare ?, stylo brevi, stigmate capitato. Nicaragua, Chontales (Tate, 292). Hb. Kew. 4. Euonymus, sp. South Mexico, near Tantoyuca (Ervendberg, 139j. 2. CELASTKUS. Celastrus, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 270 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 364. About twenty species, most numerous in the mountains of India and in China and Japan, a few Australian and North- American. Bentham and Hooker subsequently (I. c. p. 997) united Gymnosporia with Celastrus, thus adding upwards of fifty Old-World species. 1. Celastrus ? aphyllus, Schl. in Linnaaa, xv. p. 458. ? Colletia multiflora, D.C. Mexico, near Jacualtepan (Ehrenberg). 2. Celastrus mexicanus, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 8 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 165. Mexico, without locality (Mogino & Sesse). CELASTRINEiE. 189 3. ZINOWIEWIA. Zinowiewia, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1859, i. p. 275 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 364. Limited to this one shrubby species : — 1. Zinowiewia illtegerrima, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1859, i. p. 275. South Mexico, Jalapa (Galeotti, 4320 and 7017), Vera Cruz (Linden, 30), Orizaba (Botteri, 940). Hb. Kew. 4. MAYTENUS. Maytenus, Feuill. ex Juss. Gen. Plant, p. 449 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 364. A genus of about fifty species, dispersed in America from Mexico southward into the temperate regions. 1. Maytenus phyllanthoides, Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. p. 54. Tricerma crassifolius, Liebm. South Floeida, Lowee CaLifoenia. — Noeth Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 110) ; South Mexico, Tehuacan (Liebmann, Galeotti, 9156). Hb. Kew. 2. Maytenus repandus, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1858, p. 451. South Mexico, Chinantla, Oaxaca (Galeotti, 2880). Hb. Kew. 3. Maytenus trichotomus, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1858, p. 451. South Mexico, pine-forests of Titotol, Chiapas (Linden, 1640). Hb. Kew. 4. Maytenus, sp. South Mexico, Totutla, Vera Cruz (Linden, 64). Hb. Kew. 5. Maytenus, 1 sp. Mexico (Hahn). Hb. Kew. 6. Maytenus, 1 sp. Nicaeagua, Chontales (Tate, 335). Hb. Kew. 5. MYGINDA. Myginda, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 178 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 366. About eight species, restricted to America, ranging from Mexico to Chili. 1. Myginda latifolia, Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. i. p. 342. South Mexico, Tecoluta (Schiede & Deppe). — Jamaica, Cuba, Guadaloupe. 2. Myginda uragOga, Jacq. Amer. p. 24, t. 16. Myginda coccinea, Turcz. Floeida. — South Mexico, downs on the Pacific coast, Oaxaca (Galeotti, 3498), Plan del Bio (Schiede & Depjpe).— Cuba, Jamaica. Hb. Kew. 190 CELASTBINE^. 6. SCHJ3FFEKIA. Schafferia, Jacq. Stirp. Amer. p. 259; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 367. An American genus, limited to the species here enumerated, two of which are doubtful. 1. Schaefferia cuneifolia, A. Gray, PI. Wright, i. p. 35. Texas. — North Mexico, Cerralvo (Gregg). 2. Schaefferia frlltescens, Jacq. Am. p. 259 ; Karsten, Fl. Colomb. i. t. 91. Schafferia ? viridescens, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 41 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 166 and v. a. Florida. — South Mexico, Vera Cruz (Gouin). — Also in Colombia and some of the West-Indian Islands. Hb. Kew. 3. Schaefferia? racemosa, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 41 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl.Mex. 169 and v. B. Mexico, without locality (Mogino & SessS). 7. PEEEOTTETIA. Perrottetia, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vii. p. 73, t. 622 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 367. A genus of four or five arboreous or shrubby species, limited to America and the Sandwich Islands. 1. Perrottetia OVata, Hemsley, Diag. PL Nov. pars 1, p. 6. Arborescens, novellis rufo-puberulis, f oliis ovatis valde acuminatis acutis grosse calloso-serratis basi late rotundatis, floribus minutis pedicellatis, panicularum ramulis gracilibus, petalis ciliatis. Arbor parva, ramis teretibus gracilibus, novellis rufo-puberulis. Folia petiolata, membranacea, glabrescentia, ovata, valde acuminata, acuta, 3-5-pollicaria, grosse calloso-serrulata, basi late rotundata, venis transversis conspicuis, petiolo 2-3 lin. longo, stipulis minutis, squamiformibus. Flores (masculini tantum visi) albi, minuti, £ lin. diametro, pedicellati, paniculati; paniculae axillares laxse, ramosse, 2-3-pollicares, ramulis gracilibus, pedicellis filiformibus ; calyx 5-den- tatus, dentibus minutissimis ; petala 5, rotundata, ciliata, quam calycis dens duplo longioribus ; stamina 5, antheris bilocularibus, filamentis basi dilatatis, quam petala triplo longioribus. South Mexico, Jalapa, at 4000 feet (Galeotti, 7117), without locality (Harris). Hb. Kew. This species is characterized by broadly ovate leaves, loose panicles, and ciliate nearly circular petals. 2. Perrottetia quindiuensis, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. viii. p. 75, t. 622. South Mexico, Izhuatlancillo, near Orizaba (Bourgeau, 2827), without exact locality (Jurgensen, 585). Hb. Kew. The typical plant is a native of the States of Colombia. 3. Perrottetia, sp. South Mexico, without exact locality (Sumichrast). Hb. Kew. CELASTEINE^E. 191 8. MOKTONIA. Mortonia, A. Gray, PI. Wright, i. p. 35, et ii. p. 28; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 368. The genus is confined to America ; and the following are all the known species. 1. Mortonia efiusa, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1858, i. p. 453. Mexico (Berlandier, 2119). 2. Mortonia greggii, A. Gray, PI. Wright, i. p. 35 in adnot., t. 4. Texas. — Noeth Mexico, Einconado &c. (Gregg). Hb. Kew. 8. Mortonia palmeri, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars alt. p. 24. Foliis crassis lineari-obovatis vel fere clavatis mucronatis 6-8 lin. longis, floribus dense cymosis, calycis tubo vix costato, lobis rotundatis cuspidatis late diaphano-scariosis, petalis fere orbicu- laribus integris, fructibus oblongo-cylindricis quam calyx duplo longioribus. Frutex ericoideus, glaberrimus, ramis graciliusculis. Folia vix petiolata, conferta, appressa, crassa, lineari-obovota vel fere clavata, 6-8 lin. longa, mucronata, margine recurvo. Flores parvi, albi, ad apices ramulorum dense cymosi, basi bibracteolati, cum pedicellis breviusculis articulati ; cymse pauciflorse, pedunculis compressis, bracteis bracteolisque minutis ; calycis tubus vix costatus, lobi rotundati, cuspidati, late diapbano-scariosi ; petala fere orbicularia, integra, vix 1 lin. diametro. Fructus oblongo-cylindricuSj stylo indurato coronatus, %-2\ lin. longus. Nobth Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet {Tarry & Palmer, 109). Hb. Kew. 4. Mortonia SCabrella, A. Gray, PI. Wright, ii. p. 28. Texas. — Noeth Mexico, Sonora (Thurber), near San Pedro (Wright), mountains of El Paso and Chihuahua, opposite San Elceario (Parry & Bigelow). Hb. Kew. 9. GLOSSOPETALON. Glossopetalon, A. Gray, PI. Wright, ii. p. 29 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 368. The only species. 1. GrloSSOpetalon SpineSCens, A. Gray, PI. Wright, ii. p. 29, t. 12. Texas, Utah, &c. to — Noeth Mexico, mountains of Chihuahua (Bigelow). Hb. Kew. 10. WIMMEEIA. Wimmeria, Schl. in Linnsea, vi. p. 427 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 369. A Mexican genus of five described species. 1. Wimmeria COnCOlor, Ch. et Schl. in ^Linnsea, vi. p. 428 ; nee Hook. Ic. PL iv. t. 356. Noeth Mexico, San Luis Potosi to Tampico (Palmer, 1041) ; South Mexico, near Colipa (Schiede & Deppe). Hb. Kew. 192 CELASTEINE^E. 2. Wimmeria conftisa, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 6. Wimmeria pallida, Kadlk. Glabra, ramis erectis rigidis, foliis subsessilibus vix coriaceis lineari-lanceolatis ovatis obovatisve obtusis vel subacutis calloso-crenatis, ramulorum lateralium brevissimorum crebris, pedunculis axillaribus subtrifloris, floribus 5-6 lin. diametro. Frutex (?) glaber, ramis erectis teretibus rigidis, ramulis lateralibus floriferis ssepissime brevibus. Folia prsecipue in ramulis brevibus lateralibus crebra vel fere fasciculata, vix petiolata, sed deorsum valde attenuata, subcoriacea, lineari-lanceolata, elliptica, ovata vel obovata in eodem ramulo 6-lin. ad bipollicaria, obtusa vel acuta, calloso-crenulata. Flores 5-6 lin. diametro, in cymas pedunculatas axillares subtrifloras foliis breviores dispositi, pedunculis pedicellisque gra- cilibus subaequilongis, pedicellis basi parvibracteolatis ; sepala brevia, late rotundata, integra, non membranacea; petala obovata, staminibus aequilonga. Ovarium glabrum, pyramidato- trialatum, 3-loculare, loculis pluriovulatis, stylo brevi, stigmate obscure trilobo. Fructus ignotus. — W. concolor, Hook. Ic. PI. iv. t. 356, nee Ch. et Schl. South Mexico, Aguas Calientes (Eartweg, 41). Hb. Kew. Mr. Bentham originally determined these specimens to be W. concolor ; but after- wards, in a note in Hb. Kew., recorded that he believed this to be an error, and that Hartweg's plant belonged to a new species. We have not seen authentic specimens of W. concolor ; but, according to the description, it differs from the present species in having slender flexible branches, distinctly petiolate leaves with an inflexed margin, and in the flowers being scarcely 3 lines in diameter. 3. Wimmeria discolor, Ch. et Schl. in Linnsea, vi. p. 428. South Mexico, Vera Cruz (Linden, 801), Mirador, 3000 feet (Heller), Orizaba (Bot- teri, 877), in woods, Papantla (Schiede & Deppe). Hb. Kew. 4. Wimmeria persicifolia, Eadlk. in Sitzungsb. Munch. Akad. 1878, p. 379. South Mexico, Ejutla (Liebmann). 5. Wimmeria pubescens, Eadlk. in Sitzungsb. Munch. Akad. 1878, p. 378. South Mexico, Consoquitla (Liebmann). Tribe HIPPOCRATES. [Bentham and Hooker, I. c, refer all the species of this tribe to the two genera Eippocratea and Solatia, both having a wide range of distribution in tropical countries ; but Mr. Miers (Linn. Trans, xxviii.) makes no fewer than sixteen genera, besides largely increasing the number of species. Planchon and Triana (Ann. Sc. Nat. serie 5, vol. xvi. p. 370 &c.) propose another genus. There can be no doubt, we think, with complete material, characters will be found for some new genera ; but not being able to decide upon the merits of what has been done by the writers named, we keep the species in the genera as we find them at Kew, with the names under which they have been pub- lished by Miers and others.] CELASTKINE^E. 193 11. HIPPOCRATEA. Hippocratea, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 54 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 369. Small trees or climbing shrubs. Upwards of sixty species, dispersed in the tropical regions of Asia, Australia, Africa, and America. 1. Hippocratea acapulcensis, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 136. Tontelea hookeriana, Miers. South Mexico, Acapulco (Humboldt & Bonpland, Lay & Collie). Hb. Kew. 2. Hippocratea acutiflora, DC. Prodr. i. p. 568. Mexico (Sesse). Hb. Mus. Brit. 3. Hippocratea celastroides, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 136. South Mexico, near Venta del Estola (Humboldt & Bonpland), without special loca- lity (Pavon). Hb. Mus. Brit. 4. Hippocratea elliptica, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 138. South Mexico, between Tepecacuilco and Tasco, 5490 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland), without habitat (Pavon). Hb. Mus. Brit. 5. Hippocratea excelsa, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 139. South Mexico, between Acapulco and Mazatlan (Bonpland); Panama, Veraguas (Hinds). Hb. Kew. 6. Hippocratea integrifolia, Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald,' p. 90, nee Rich, ex Miers. Cuervea latifolia, Miers in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 372. Romualdea malpighifolia, PI. et Tr. Panama, island of Coiba (Seemann, 643). Hb. Kew. Also in Colombia, taking Planchon and Triana's view of the species (Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 5, vol. xvi. p. 371). 7. Hippocratea obcordata, Lamk. 111. i. p. 100, t. 28. fig. l. Hippocratea scandens, Jacq. South Mexico, near Tasco (Humboldt & Bonpland) ; Panama (Duchassaing). — West Indies, Guiana, Colombia, Peku. 8. Hippocratea ovata, Lamk. ill. i. p. 100, t. 28. fig. 2. Panama, Aspinwall (S. Hayes, 595).— Porto Eico. Hb. Kew, 9. Hippocratea Tyhderma preeceka, Miers in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 414. Panama, in dense woods, Lion-Hill railway-station (S. Hayes, 708). Hb. Kew. biol. cent.-amee., Bot. Vol. 1, Feb. 1880. 2 c 194 CELASTEINILE. ^10. Hippocratea Sicyomorpha pruinosa, Miers in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 411. Salacia pruinosa, Seem. Panama, Tapitra (Seemann, 1219), borders of swamps near the city of Panama (S. Hayes, 652). Hb. Kew. 11. Hippocratea serrulata, Miers in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 344. Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 53) — to Pebu and North Brazil. Hb. Kew. 1/12. Hippocratea Prionostemma setulifera, Miers in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 359. Guatemala (Friedrichsthal). Hb. Kew. 13. Hippocratea Pristimera tenella, Miers in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 365. South Mexico, San Bias to Guadalaxara (Coulter, 851), near Oaxaca (Galeotti, 7154). Hb. Kew. 14. Hippocratea uniflora, DC. Prodr. i. p. 567 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 141. Hippocratea mexicana, Miers. South Mexico, on the Pacific coast, not far from Tehuantepec, Oaxaca (Andrieux, 499). Hb. Kew. ^15. Hippocratea versicolor, Miers, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 350. Hippocratea discolor, Seem, nee Mey. Panama (Seemann). Hb. Kew. 12. SALACIA. Salacia, Linn. Mant. p. 293 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 370. Small trees or shrubs. Sixty or seventy species, generally dispersed in the tropics, though absent from Australia and Central America, with the exception of the species which we give on the authority of Grisebach. ^ 1. Salacia SCandens, Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 148. Tontelea, Aubl. Panama. — Trinidad, Guiana. Hb. Kew. 13. LLAVEA. Llavea, Liebm. in Vidensk. Meddel. 1853, p. 95 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 370. This genus is endemic in Mexico. 1. Llavea integrifolia, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 6. Fruticosa sericeo-pubescens, foliis petiolatis oblongis integerrimis, floribus numerosissimis pedi- cellatis in fasciculos terminales et axillares dispositis, stylis brevibus. Frutex erectus, ramosus, ramulis rectis. Folia conferta, petiolata, lineari-oblonga, ad pollicaria, CELASTKINKE. 195 obtusa, integerrima, subtus lanata, supra pubescentia ; calyx persistens, parvus, pubescens, 5- lobus, lobis inaequalibus. Fructus trialatus, monospermus, stylis persistentibus brevibus. South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 868). Hb. Kew. Only fruiting specimens seen ; but easily distinguished from L. viscosa by its densely hairy entire leaves. 2. Llavea visCOSa, Liebm. in Vidensk. Meddel. 1853, p. 95. South Mexico, Acapulco, Puebla, 7000 feet (Liebmanri). Hb. Kew. Order XXXIX. RHAMNACE^. Rhamneee, Bentb. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 371. Trees or shrubs, very rarely herbaceous. About 450 species and forty genera; widely dispersed in tropical and subtropical regions, and less numerously in temperate regions. Tribe ZIZYPHE^. 1. ZIZYPHUS. Zizyphus, Juss. Gen. Plant, p. 380; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 375. About fifty shrubby and arboreous species, dispersed all over the tropics, and extending into some subtropical regions. 1. Zizyphus acuminatus, Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. p. 78. South Mexico, Acapulco (Barclay). 2. Zizyphus guatemalensis, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 6. Pruticosus, prseter flores, glaberrimus parce spinosus, ramubs flexuosis, foliis coriaceis petiolatis oblongo-ellipticis utrinque rotundatis apice interdum retusis prominenter trinerviis obscure calloso-crenulatis, floribus parvis pedicellatis subumbellatis, umbellis axillaribus breviter pe- dunculatis ad 10-floris, ovario biloculari. Frutex parce spinosus, ramosus, spinis rectis, ramulis gracilibus flexuosis. Folia petiolata, coriacea, glaberrima, prominenter trinervia, minute reticulato-venosa, oblongo-elliptica, 2-3-polHcaria, utrinque obtusissima vel rotundata, apice interdum retusa, obscure calloso-crenulata, petiolo 2-3 lin. longo; stipulis minutis, subulatis, deciduis. Mores parvi, pedicellati, umbellati, umbellis axillaribus pedunculatis ad 10-floris, pedunculis 2-3 lin. longis, pedicellis calycibusque pubes- centibus, pedicellis 1-1^ lin. longis ; calyx 5-lobatus, lobis sequHatere triangularibus apice acutis ; petala minuta, cucullata ; discus carnosus, accrescens ; ovarium biloculare biovulatum, stylo simplici, erecto, stigmate breviter bifido. Fructus non visus. Guatemala (Skinner). Hb. Kew. 3. Zizyphus heteroneurUS, Griseb. in Bonplandia, 1858, p. 3. Panama (Duchassaing). 4. Zizyphus lycioides, A. Gray, PL Lindh. p. 168, in adnot. Texas, New Mexico, Arizona to — North Mexico, between Matamoras and Mapimi (Gregg). Hb. Kew. 2c 2 196 EHAMNACE^. 5. Zizyphus, sp. South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 13).. Hb. Kew. 6. Zizyphus, sp. Noeth Mexico, Monterey (Eaton & Edwards, 63). Hb. Kew. 2. CONDALIA. Condalia, Cav. Ann. Cienc. Nat. i. p. 39, t. 4 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 376. About six shrubby species in the tropical and warm temperate regions of America, both North and South. 1. Condalia mexicana, Schl. in Linhsea, xv. p. 471. Noeth Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 112 and 113); South Mexico, Cactus Plains, Oaxaca (Galeotti, 7011), near Zimapan (Schiede), Barranca de Acholoya (Ehrenberg). Hb. Kew. 2. Condalia spathulata, A. Gray, PI. Wright, i. p. 32. Texas. — Noeth Mexico, Sonora (Schott), sides of a canon on the San Pedro, Sonora, (Wright), San Luis Potosi to San Antonio (Parry, 111). Hb. Kew. 3. MICROKHAMNUS. Micrwhamnus, A. Gray, PI. Wright, i. p. 34 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 376. The only species described, a dwarf shrub. 1. Microrhamnus ericoides, A. Gray, PL Wright, i. p. 34. Texas, New Mexico to — Noeth Mexico, dry plains near Parras (Gregg). 4. KARWINSKIA. Karwinskia, Zucc. Nov. Stirp. fasc. i. p. 349, t. 16 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 377. Shrubs and small trees. The following enumeration includes all the species of the genus : — 1. Karwinskia affinis, Schl. in Linnsea, xv. p. 460. ? Rhamnus binifiorus, Moq . et Sesse, Hook, et Am. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 283. South Mexico, Jalisco (Lay). 2. Karwinskia glandulosa, Zucc. in Flora, 1832, ii. Beibl. p. 71. Texas, New Mexico. — South Mexico, plains of Actopan (Graham, 130), Oaxaca (Ghiesbreght, 65). Hb. Kew. 3. Karwinskia humboldtiana, Zucc. Nov. Stirp. i. p. 351. Rhamnus triflorus, var., Hook, et Arn. "Rhamnus humboldtianus, H. B. K., proxima nisi eadem " (Schiede). EHAMNACTL&. 197 Texas, New Mexico, California. — Noeth Mexico, Zacatecas (Coulter, 1); South Mexico, Jalisco (Lay & Collie), Regla (Mrenberg), Oaxaca (Galeotti, 7159), Zimapan (Coulter, 2). Hb. Kew. 4. KarwinsMa (?) mollis, Schl. in Linnsea, xv. p. 461. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 117) ; South Mexico, Barranca de Santa Maria (Schiede). Hb. Kew. 5. Karwiliskia sessHifolia, Schl. in Linna;a, xv. p. 461. South Mexico, Hacienda de San Gabriel (Schiede). 6. Karwinskia (?) Sllbcordata, Schl. in LinnsEa, xv. p. 462. South Mexico, between Ismiquilpan and Zimapan (Schiede). 7. Karwinskia, sp. North Mexico, Sonora Alta (Coulter, 3). Hb. Kew. Tribe RHAMNEjE. 5. RHAMNUS. Rhamnus, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 265 (excl. Zizypho et Paliuro); Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 377. A genus of about sixty shrubby and arboreous species, widely dispersed, but none recorded from South Africa, Australia, or Pacific Islands. 1. Khamnus biniflorus, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 26; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 171. Mexico. 2. Rhamnus californicus, Esch. Bot. Calif, i. p. 101. Rhamnus oleifolius, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. p. 123, t. 44. Rhamnus laurifolius, Nutt. in Tore. & Gr. Fl. N. Am. i. p. 260. Rhamnus tomentellus, Benth. PI. Hartw. p. 303. Frangula calif arnica, A. Gray, Gen. 111. ii. t. 178. Texas, New Mexico, California. — North Mexico, Sierra Madre (Seemann, 2155), Sonora (Schott) ; South Mexico, Vera Cruz (Virlet d'Aoust). Hb. Kew. 3. Rhamnus capreaefblius, Schl. in Linnsea, xv. p. 464. South Mexico, Malpays de Naulingo (Schiede), Puente de Dios (Ehrenberg). 4. Rhamnus humboldtianus, Ecem. et Schultz, Syst. Veg. v. p. 295 ; H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vii. t. 608. South Mexico, near Puente de la Madre de Dios, between Totonilco el Grande and Actopan (Humboldt & Bonpland). 198 EHAMNACE^E. 5. Miamnus microphyllus, Willd. H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vii. p. 51, t. 606. Fructus R. macrophylli nondum descriptus. Drupa matura baccata, carnosa, 1-2-pyrena ) pyrenis osseis, plano-convexis, unispermis. Semina sphseroideo-turbinata, compressa, circiter 2\ lineas diametro, atro-fusca, nitida, laevia; albumen tenuissimum ; embryo rectus, luteus, cotyledonibus camosis, plano-convexis, radicula minuta. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet {Parry & Palmer, 114 and 115) ; South Mexico, near Eeal del Monte {Humboldt & Portland). Hb. Kew. 6. Rhamnus mucronatus, Schl. in Linnsea, xv. p. 465. South Mexico, near Chantla and Anganguio {Schiede). 7. Rhamnus serratus, Willd. E. et s. Syst. Veg. v. p. 295. Rhamnus serrulatus, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vii. p. 51, t. 607. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet {Parry & Palmer, 116) ; South Mexico, in the plain of Mexico near San Augustin de las Cuevas {Humboldt & Bonpland), Chiapas {Ghiesbreght, 516), San Angelo {Schiede), Santa Fe {Bourgeau, 698), Zimapan {Coulter, 1496). Hb. Kew. ^8. Rhamnus (?) SpinOSUS, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 6. Arborescens, spinosus, strigilloso-furfuraceus, ramulis rigidis, foliis ellipticis obtusis emarginatis, floribus graciliter pedicellatis in axillis foliorum fasciculatis. Arbor parva, spinosa, novellis plus minusve strigilloso-furfuraceis, ramulis crassis, spinis rigidissimis semipollicaribus. Folia petiolata vix coriacea, glabrescentia, elliptica, 2-3-pollicaria, obtusa, emarginata, integerrima, supra glaberrima, nitida, subtus prsecipue secus cos'tam nervosque fUrfuracea, venis insigniter reticularis, petiolo 3-5 lin. longo. Flores pedicellati, numerosi, in axillis foliorum glomerati, pedicellis gracilibus insequilongis longissimis, usque 9 lin. longis ; calyx furfuraceus, 5-lobatus, lobis late ovatis subacutis ; petala cucullata, brevissime ungui- culata, stamina superantia ; discus calycis tubum vestiens ; ovarium 3-loculare, stylis connatis. Fructus maturus non visus. Panama (S. Hayes, 273). Hb. Kew. 9. Rhamnus terniflorus, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 26 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 170. Mexico. 10. Rhamnus umbellatus, Cav. Ic. vi. p. 2, t. 504. Mexico, near La Grande {Ehrenberg), Zimapan % {Aschenborn). 11. Rhamnus, sp. South Mexico, Orizaba {Botteri, 1020). Hb. Kew. 12. Rhamnus, sp. Mexico, without locality {Halm, 20). Hb. Kew. 13. Rhamnus, sp. South Mexico, region of Orizaba {Bourgeau, 2441, 2481, 2495, 2716 ; Salle, Hahn, 22). Hb. Kew. RHAMNACILE. 199 14. Rhamnus, sp. South Mexico, Orizaba {Botteri, 943, 1021 ; Bilimek, 357), Orizaba {Bourgeau, 2496), Jalapa {Coulter, 7 ; Galeotti, 7070). Hb. Kew. 6. CEANOTHUS. Ceanothus, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 267 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 378. About thirty species of shrubs and small trees, confined to Temperate North America, Mexico, and Central America. Four occur in the Atlantic States, and the others on the western side of the Kocky Mountains. 1. Ceanothus azureus, Desf, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 31 ; Bot. Eeg. t. 291. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet {Parry & Palmer, 118, 119), Sierra Madre {Seemann); South Mexico, Popocatepetl, 8000 feet {Galeotti, 3554), Zimapan {Coulter, 15), between San Angel and San Bartolo, and below La Encarnacion de San Jose del Oro {Schiede), Eeal del Monte {Coulter, 14), Chiapas {Linden, 204), without localities {Graham, 128 ; Jurgensen, 272 ; Parkinson, Mutter, Tate, and others) ; Guatemala, Volcan de Agua (Salvin & Godman). Hb. Kew. 2. Ceanothus buxifolius, Willd. ex H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vii. p. 62, t. 615. Colubrina buxifolia, Schl. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet {Parry & Palmer, 122), in forests in the Sierra Madre {Seemann, 2158), San Luis Potosi {Virlet d'Aoust) ; South Mexico, Mineral del Monte (Ehrenberg), very common in woods, Eeal del Monte, 8550 feet {Humboldt & Bonpland). Hb. Kew. 3. Ceanothus CSBruleuS, Lag. in H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vii. p. 63. North Mexico, San Luis Potosi ( Virlet d'Aoust) ; South Mexico, near the city of Mexico {Humboldt & Bonpland). 4. Ceanothus depresSUS, Benth. PI. Hartw. p. 8. North Mexico, Zacatecas {Hartweg, 29) ; South Mexico, Eeal del Monte {Coulter, 11). Hb. Kew. 5. Ceanothus glanduloSUS, Schl. in Linnsea, xv. p. 474. South Mexico, near Las Trojes {Schiede). 6. Ceanothus greggii, A. Gray, PL Wright, ii. p. 28. New Mexico. — North Mexico, Guadalupe Pass, Sonora {Parry), San Luis Mountains in the same State {Smith), battle-field of Buena Vista {Gregg), region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet {Parry & Palmer, 120, 121). Hb. Kew. 7. Ceanothus macrocarpus, Cav. ic. iii. t. 270. South Mexico {Aschenbom). — " New Spain " {Cavanilles). 200 RHAMNACE.E. 8. CeanothllS mocinianus, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 32 ; Caiques desDess. Fl. Mex. 176. Mexico. 9. Ceanothus pauciflorus, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 33 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 175. Mexico. 7. SAGEEETIA. Sageretia, Brongn. in Ann. Sc. Nat. x. p. 359, t. 13. fig. 2 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 379. About ten shrubby species, inhabiting Central and Southern Asia and North America. 1. Sageretia elegans, Brongn. in Ann. Sc. Nat. x. p. 359. Rhamnus elegans, H. B. K. South Mexico, Vera Cruz (Galeotti, 3514; Linden, 730). — Colombia; Peru. Hb. Kew. 2. Sageretia michauxii, Brongn. Monog. p. 53 ; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. t. 266. Rhamnus minutiflorus, Michx. Floeida; New Mexico to — Nokth Mexico, Santa Cruz, Sonora (Wright); South Mexico, without habitat (Parkinson). Hb. Kew. 3. Sageretia, sp. South Mexico, road to Valladolid (Graham, 127). Hb. Kew. 8. COLUBEINA. Colubrina, L. C. Rich, ex Brongn. in Ann. Sc. Nat. x. p. 368, t. 15. fig. 3 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 379. There are about twelve shrubby species known, chiefly natives of Tropical and Temperate North America. One has a wide distribution in the Tropical and Sub- tropical regions of the Old World. 1. Colubrina alamani, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 31. Ceanothus alamani, Schl. South Mexico, Papantla (Schiede & Beppe), Tampico (JBerlandier). Hb. Kew. 2. Colubrina celtidifolia, Schl. in Linnaea, xv. p. 471. Ceanothus celtidifolius, Ch. et Schl. in Linnsea, v. p. 602. South Mexico, Jalapa (Schiede & Beppe). Hb. Kew. 3. Colubrina ehrenbergii, Schl. in Linnsea, xv. p. 469. South Mexico, between Ajuntas and Las Verdosas, and between Amojoque and El Puente de Dios (Ehrenberg). 4. Colubrina glomerata, Hemsley. Rhamnus glomerulus, Hook, in Benth. PI. Hartw. p. 9. South Mexico, near Real del Monte, at 5000 feet (Galeotti, 333), Zacatecas (Eartweg). Hb. Kew. KHAMNACELE. 201 5. Colul)rina mfa, Eeiss. in Mart. FL Bras. fasc. xxviii. p. 98. Panama, in open woods near the city of Panama (S. Hayes, 476). — Guiana, Brazil. Hb. Kew. 6. Colubrina, sp. South Mexico, mountains around Oaxaca (Andrieux, 470). Hb. Kew. 7. Colubrina, sp. South Mexico, Jalapa (Linden, 6), Zimapan (Coulter, 8). Hb. Kew. Tribe COLLETIE.E. Six genera, comprising about thirty-five species, are included in this tribe. One is a native of Australia and New Zealand; and all the rest are American, chiefly inhabiting Extratropical South America. 9. ADOLPHIA. Adolphia, Meissn. Gen. Plant, p. 70 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 384. This is the only species ; it is a shrub : — 1. Adolphia infesta, Meissn. Gen. PI. p. 70. Ceanothus infestus, H. B. K. Colubrina infesta, Schl. Texas; New Mexico ; California ; Arizona to — North Mexico, Zacatecas (Coulter, 10), Guanajuato (Hartweg); South Mexico, near Gasave (Humboldt & Bonpland), between San Pedro Tlaolipan and Huehuetoca (Schiede), plain of Pachuca (Ehreriberg). Hb. Kew. 10. COLLETIA. Colletia, Comm. ex Juss. Gen. Plant, p. 380; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 383. About fifteen species, chiefly leafless shrubs, inhabiting Chili. The following are doubtful plants : — 1. Colletia? disperma, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 29; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 173. Mexico. 2. Colletia? multiflora, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 29; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 174. Mexico. Tribe GOUANIE^E. 11. GOUANIA. Gouania, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 1157; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 385. Climbing shrubs. About thirty species, distributed in Tropical Asia, Africa, and America ; none hitherto discovered in Australia. biol. cent.-amer., Bot. Vol. 1, Feb. 1880. 2 d 202 EHAMNACTLE. ^ 1. Gouania blanchetiana, Miq. in Walp. Ann. ii. p. 272. Panama, Eemedios, Veraguas (Seemann, 1647). — Colombia. Hb. Kew. ^ 2. Gouania COrylifolia, Radd. Mem. PI. Bras. Add. p. 16 ; DC. Prodr. ii. p. 39. Panama, without locality (Hoisted), Veraguas (Seemann). — Southward to Brazil. Hb. Kew. Probably only a variety of G. tomentosa. 3. Gouania domingensis, Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 2, p. 1663. Gouania glabra, Jacq. Am. t. 179. fig. 40. Florida. — South Mexico, Tantoyuca (JErvendberg, 279); Panama (Billberg). — Tropical South America and West Indies. Hb. Kew. 4. Gouania Stipularis, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 39 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 178. South Mexico (Sesse), forests of Yucatan (Linden, 893), Oaxaca (GMesbreght, 328). Hb. Kew. 5. Gouania tomentosa, Jacq. Am. p. 263. South Mexico, Hacienda de la Laguna (Schiede & Beppe) ; Guatemala, Mazatenango (Bernoulli) ; Nicaragua, Chontales (Seemann, Tate) ; Panama (Seemann, S. Hayes, Halsted, Fendler, 108), Veraguas (Seemann). — West Indies, including Cuba, and Tro- pical South America. Hb. Kew. 6. Gouania, sp. South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1745), Order XL, AMPELIDE^. Ampelidea, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 386. Small trees or climbing shrubs. About 250 species belonging to three genera, only one of which is represented in America. 1. VITIS. Vitis, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 284 (et Cissus, Linn., et Ampelopsis, Michx.) ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 387. About 250 species, with few exceptions climbing shrubs, widely dispersed in tropical and temperate regions, but less numerous in Tropical America than in Tropical Africa and India. 1. Vitis acapulcensis, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vii. p. 230. South Mexico, near Acapulco, Canjaniquilapa, and Venta de Sierra Colorado, 1200 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland). 2. Vitis acuminata, (Erst, in Vidensk. Medd. 1856, p. 57. Costa Puca, Cordillera, 3500 feet ((Ersted). AMPELIDE.E. 203 3. Vitis aestivalis, Michx. Fl. Bor.-Am. ii. p. 230 X New Jersey, through the eastern States to Texas and New Mexico, — and perhaps Guatemala, Las Nubes, Cerro de Zunil (Salvin). Hb. Kew. 4. Vitis arachnoidea, (Ersted,inVidensk.Medd.l855,p.ll; affinis V. caribcece. Costa Eica, Cordillera, 3500 feet ((Ersted). 5. Vitis bipinnata, Torr. et Gr. Fl. N. Am. i. p. 243 (sub Ampelopside). Cuba, Florida, Louisiana, Texas. — North Mexico (Mexican-Boundary Commission). Hb. Kew. 6. Vitis californica, Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. p. 10. California. — North Mexico, Sonora (Smith, Thurber). 7. Vitis elliptica, Ch. et Schl. in Linnsea, v. p. 440. South Mexico, Jalapa (Coulter, 746 ; Schiede & Depjoe) ; Panama (Duchassaing). 8. Vitis erosa, A. Eich. in Act. Soc. Nat. Par. 106 (sub Cisso). Panama (S. Hayes, 65). — Brazil, Guiana. Hb. Kew. 9. Vitis incisa, Nutt. in Torr. & Gr. Fl. N. Am. i. p. 243. Texas, New Mexico. — North Mexico, Cocospera valley, Santa Magdalena, Sonora (Schott). 10. Vitis indica, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 293 ; H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 227. South Mexico, Tasco, 5500 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland). 11. Vitis mexicana, DC. Prodr. i. p. 629 (sub Cisso). Mexico. 12. Vitis pubescens, Schl. in Linnsea, x. p. 251 (sub Ampelopside). South Mexico, Serrania de Zoncuantla (Schiede). 13. Vitis pubescens, Miq. Ann. Mus. p. 90. Mexico. 14. Vitis quinquefolia, Michx. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. p. 159 (sub Ampelopside). Canada to Texas, Cuba, — and ] North Mexico. 15. Vitis rotimdifblia, Michx. Fl. Bor.-Am. ii. p. 2311 South Mexico, in woods near Jalapa (Schiede). V. rotundifolia is referred by Torrey and Gray to V. vulpina, Linn., a species ranging .from Virginia to Florida. "x16. Vitis sicyoides, Baker, in Mart. Fl. Bras. xiv. pars 2, p. 202. Cissus sicyoides, Linn. An exceedingly variable and widely dispersed species in Tropical and Subtropical America and the West Indies. South Mexico, region of Orizaba (Botteri, 1072 ; Bourgeau, 2423), Zacualco (Bour- geau, 737), Zimapan (Coulter, 748). 2d2 204 AMPELIDILa:. 'Var. OVata, Lamk. (species). South Mexico, San Bias to Tepic (Coulter, 744); Guatemala (Friedrichsthal); Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 52). 'Var. smilacina, H. B. K. (species). Panama, island of Taboga (Seemann, 1616). "'Var. obtusata, Benth. (species). Panama (Sinclair). ^ Var. tamoides, Baker, loc. cit. p. 203. Panama, near the city of Panama (Seemann). Var. monstrosa, Baker, loc. cit. p. 203. Spondylantha aphylla, Presl, Reliq. Hsenk. ii. p. 35, t. 53. South Mexico, Yucatan (Johnson) ;. Mexico (Botteri) ; Panama (Seemann). Hb. Kew. 17. Vitis tiliacea, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 222. South Mexico, near the city of Mexico, at 7000 feet (Humboldt & Sonpland). v 18. Vitis tiliaefolia, Willd. in H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vii. p. 230. V. caribcea, "DC. Prodr. i. p. 634. South Mexico, Jalapa (Galeotti, 4281 ; Linden, 891), Zimapan (Coulter, 747, 1495), cascade at Begla (Graham), Cuernavaca (Bilimeh); Nicaragua, Chontales (Tate); Panama, near the town of Cruces (Seemann). — This has a wide range in Tropical South Amekica and the West Indies. Hb. Kew. 19. Vitis trifoliata, Jacq. Am. p. 23 (sub Cisso). C. obovata, Vahl. South Mexco, Jalapa (Galeotti) ; Guatemala (Friedrichsthal) ; Nicaragua, Chontales (Seemann, Tate) ; Costa Kica (Fmdres, 221). — West Indies, Colombia, Brazil. Hb. Kew. 20. Vitis tuberosa, DC Prodr. i. p. 629 (sub Cisso). " New Spain." Probably a variety of sicyoides. 21. Vitis, sp. (aff. V. vulpince). South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 749). Hb. Kew. 22. Vitis, sp. Mexico (Jurgensen, 217). Hb. Kew. 23. Vitis, sp. South Mexico, region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 2715). Hb. Kew. SAPINDACE^l. 205 Order XLI. SAPINDACE^E. Sapindacea, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 388. This family consists of about 700 species, referred to eighty genera, and is generally dispersed, except in the colder regions — though by far most numerous in the tropics, especially in America. Shrubs or trees, often of large size, very rarely herbaceous. Suborder SAPINDEM 1. UEVILLEA. Urvillea, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 105 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 392. Climbing shrubs. About ten species, restricted to Tropical^and Subtropical America. 1. Urvillea berteriana, DC. Prodr. i. p. 602 1 Nicaragua, Eealejo (Sinclair). The typical plant occurs in Colombia and the West Indies. Hb. Kew. 2. "Urvillea mexicana, A. Gray, PI. Wright, i. p. 38, in adnot. Texas. — North Mexico, Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Eaton & Edwards, Thurber). Vit- toria, Tamaulipas (Berlandier, 2269). South Mexico, Cordova (Botteri, 1003), Mirador (Linden, 905), Tlacolola, Oaxaca (Andrieux, 486). Hb. Kew. 3. Urvillea ulmacea, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 105, t. 440. South Mexico, valley of the Cordova (Bourgeau, 1744, 1953). — Colombia, Venezuela. Hb. Kew. 2. SERJANIA. Serjania, Plum., Kunth in H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 107 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 393. Climbing shrubs inhabiting Tropical and Subtropical America. Kadlkofer (Monogr. Serjanice, 1875) enumerates 144 species. 1. Serjania acuta, Tr. et PI. Prodr. Fl. N. Gran. i. p. 347. Serjania salzmanniana, Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald/ p. 92, excl. syn. Schl. Panama, Veraguas (Seemann, 1644). Hb. Kew. 2. Serjania brachystachya, Kadlk. Monogr. p. 310. South Mexico, San Augustin (Liebmann). 3. Serjania brachycarpa, A. Gr. ex Kadlk. Monogr. p. 259. Texas. — North Mexico, in hedges, Ciudad Vittoria, Tamaulipas (Berlandier, 936, 2366). Hb. Kew. ii06 SAPINDACE^E. 4. Serjania cambessediana, Ch. et Schl. in Linntea, v. p. 214 ; Eadlk. Monogr. p. 291. South Mexico, Totutla, Vera Cruz (Linden, 901), Misantla (Liebmarm), Orizaba (Sumichrast, 1311), Cordillera of Oaxaca (Galeotti, 4299). Hb. Kew. 5Y Serjania caracasana, Willd. Sp. PI. ii. p. 465. Paullinia glabra, Bert. Guatemala (Velasquez); Costa Eica ((Ersted). — A widely dispersed and variable species in Tropical S. America. 6. Serjania Cardiospermoides, Ch. et Schl. in Linnsea, vi. p. 418; Eadlk. Monogr. p. 110. South Mexico, near Papantla (Schiede & Deppe), near Zimapan (Coulter, 877). "7. Serjania COrnigera, Turcz. in Bull. Soc.Nat. Mosc.1859, i. p. 267; Eadlk. Monogr. p. 117. Panama, Barbacoas railway-station (S. Hayes), Chagres (Fendler), near Paraiso, Mamei, and Gorgone (Wagner). Hb. Kew. 8. Serjania curassavica, Eadlk. Monogr. p. 311. Paullinia curassavica, Linn, (pro parte). Paullinia carthaginensis , Jacq. Obs. iii. p. 11, t. 61. fig. 6. Serjania pubescens, forma glabrescens, Seemann, Bot. Voy. 'Herald/ p. 92, excl. syn. Guatemala (Friederichsthal) ; Panama, Eemedios, Veraguas (Seemann, 1642). North part of South Ameeica ; Cuba. Hb. Kew. 9. Serjania emarginata, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 109. Serjania acapulcensis, H. B. K. South Mexico, between Acapulco and La Venta del Exido (Humboldt & Bonpland). 10. Serjania goniocarpa, Eadlk. Monogr. p. 309. South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1884), Mirador, near Vera Cruz (Linden, 903), Orizaba (JBotteri, 876). Hb. Kew. * 11. Serjania grandis, Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald,' p. 92. Panama (Seemann). — Colombia. 12. Serjania grayii, Schl. in Linnsea, xviii. p. 58 ; Eadlk. Monogr. p. 261, Mexico (Baron Gros); Nicaragua, Segovia ((Ersted). 13. Serjania impressa, Eadlk. Monogr. p. 323. South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1463). 14. Serjania incisa, Torr. Bot. U.S. et Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 47; Eadlk. Mono°r p. 267. s ' SAPINDACEtE. 207 Texas. — North Mexico, mountains of Santa Rosa, Coahuila (Bigelow), near Rio San Pedro, at the Painted Caves (Schott). Hb. Kew. 15. Serjania inebrians, Radik. Monogr. p. 346. Costa Rica, Ujaras (CErsted). 16. Serjania insignis, Radlk. Monogr. p. 331. South Mexico (Hoenke) ; Panama, Paraiso railway-station (Wagner), Empire and Paraiso railway-stations (S. Hayes). Hb. Kew. 17. Serjania macrococca, Radlk. Monogr. p. 270. South Mexico, between Huanapan and Oaxaca (Andrieux, 484), Misteca Alta ( Galeotti, 4302, in part), without habitat (Jurgensen, 475). 18. Serjania mexicana, Willd. Sp. PL ii. p. 465. Paullinia mexicana, Linn. Serjania pubescens, H. B. K. Serjania paniculata, Seem, nee H. B. K. ; Radlk. Monogr. p. 235. South Mexico, valley of Cordova (JBourgeau, 2174), Tepic (Barclay), San Bias to Guadalaxara (Coulter, 881), Yucatan and Tabasco (Johnson); Costa Rica, Turrialba (CErsted) ; Panama, Chagres (Fendler), Santiago de Veraguas (Seemann). — Colombia and Jamaica. Hb. Kew. 19. Serjania paniculata, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. Ill, t. 441 ; Radlk. Monogr. p. 209. South Mexico, Acapulco (Barclay). — Colombia. Hb. Kew 20. Serjania plicata, Radlk. Monogr. p. 167. South Mexico, Yucatan and Tabasco (Johnson, 126). Hb. Kew. 21. Serjania polystachya, Radlk. Monogr. p. 276. Paullinia macrostachya, Turcz. South Mexico, Cordillera of Oaxaca, near Talea, 3000 to 5000 feet (Galeotti, 4309). 22. Serjania raceniOSa, Schum. in Skrivt. Nat. Selskab. iii. part 2, p. 127, 1. 12. fig. 3 ; Radlk. Monogr. p. 264. Noeth Mexico, near Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Eaton & Edwards), Zacatecas (Hartweg); South Mexico, Vera Cruz to Orizaba (F. Mutter, 314, 895), Cordova (Bourgeau, 1463), Orizaba (Botteri, 876), Atlacomulco and Cuernavaca (Schiede, Bilimek, 240) ; Costa Rica, Ujares ((Ersted). Hb. Kew. 23. Serjania rhombea, Radlk. Monogr. p. 324. Nicaragua (Tate, 53); Costa Rica, Tacaca (Qfrsted); Panama, Empire railway- station (S. Hayes, 576), Chagres (Fendler, 43; Seemann; Hcenke). — Venezuela. Hb. Kew. 208 SAPINDACE^E. l/24. Serjania samydea, Griseb. Nov. Fl. Panam. in Bonplandia, 1858, p. 3, excl. syn. Seem. Panama (Duchassaing). — Colombia. 25. Serjania SChiedeana, Schl. in Linnsea, xviii. p. 44. South Mexico, in the warm region (Schiede). 26. Serjania scatens, Eadlk. Monogr. p. 213. South Mexico, Yucatan and Tabasco (Johnson); Nicaragua ("Hb. U.S. Exped." Eadlkofer). — Also in Cuba and Colombia. ^27. Serjania seemanni, Tr. et PL in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, xviii. p. 346 ; Eadlk. Monogr. p. 157. Panama, Nata (Seemann). ^28. Serjania setulosa, Eadlk. Monogr. p. 337. Guatemala (Friedrichsthal) ; Nicaragua, San Juan. Hb. Vindob. 29. Serjania SOrdida, Eadlk. Monogr. p. 272. South Mexico, Zacuapan, Cordillera of Vera Cruz (Galeotti, 7020), Mirador (Lieb- manri), Oaxaca, 3000 feet (Galeotti, 4313), Mexico (Nee, Sartorius). 30. Serjania sphenocarpa, Eadlk. Monogr. p. 269. North Mexico, Sonora Alta (Coulter, 885). Hb. Kew. 31. Serjania subtriplinervis, Eadlk. Monogr. p. 273. South Mexico, Oaxaca (Jurgensen, 410). Hb. Kew. 32. Serjania trachygona, Eadlk. Monogr. p. 327. South Mexico, Campeche (Houston) ; Panama, Macume and Gorgona ( Wagner), San Juan (Seemann). Hb. Kew. 33. Serjania triquetra, Eadlk. Monogr. p. 305. Serjania racemosa, Hook, et Arn., nee alior. South Mexico, Orizaba (Botteri, 427), Tlacolola, Oaxaca (Andrieux, 487) ; Guatemala (Friedrichsthal); Nicaragua, near Granada (CErsted), Eealejo (Hinds). Hb. Kew. 34. Serjania vesicosa, Eadlk. Monogr. p. 277. South Mexico, near Queretaro (Schiede). ^ 35. Serjania, sp. Guatemala, Duenas (Salvin & Godman). Hb. Kew. 36. Serjania, sp. North Mexico, Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Eaton & Edwards). Hb. Kew. 37. Serjania, sp. South Mexico (Jurgensen, 521). Hb. Kew. SAPINDACEtE. 209 38. Serjania, sp. South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 677). Hb. Kew. This is probably S. cardiospermoides, Ch. et SchL, for which Radlkofer quotes Coulter's number 877. 3. CAEDIOSPERMUM. Cardiospermum, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 498 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 393. Climbing shrubs or herbs, about sixteen species, whereof only four are found in the Old World ; and two of these also occur in America. 1. Cardiospermum coluteoides, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 100. South Mexico, near Belen (Schaffner), valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 467) ; Panama, Paraiso railway-station (S. Hayes, 530), island of Taboga (Sinclair). Hb. Kew. 2. Cardiospermum grandiflorum, Sw. ? Fl. ind. Occ. ii. p. 698. South Mexico (Coulter, 887). Hb. Kew. 3. Cardiospermum halicacabum, Linn. Sp. Pi. p. 925. North Mexico (Mex. Bound. Survey) ; South Mexico, valley of Mexico (Bourgeau), Hacienda de la Laguna (Schiede) ; Guatemala, Volcan de Fuego (Salvin). A very common plant in tropical and subtropical regions of both hemispheres. 4. Cardiospermum hispidum, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. p. 101. South Mexico, Acapulco (Lay & Collie). — Amazon. 5. Cardiospermum molle, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 103. North Mexico, San Luis (Virlet dJAoust), region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 123) ; South Mexico, Puente Nacional, Vera Cruz (Linden, 899), Guanajuato, 6500 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland), between Chila and Huapan (Andrieux, 485), Misteca Alta, Oaxaca (Qaleotti, 4302), Tehuacan (Galeotti, 4301), and Eegla (Galeotti, 4305) ; Guatemala, Capertillo, Volcan de Fuego (Salvin). — West Indies and Tropical S. America. Hb. Kew. 6. Cardiospermum pubescens, Lag. Gen. et Sp. p. 14 ; DC. Prodr. i. p. 602. New Spain. 7. Cardiospermum, sp. South Mexico (Jurgensen, 926). Hb. Kew. 4. PAULLINIA. Paullinia, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 331 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 394. Climbing shrubs, about eighty species, all American, one of which also occurs in Tropical Africa and Madagascar. 1. Paullinia barbadensis, Jacq. Obs. hi. p. 12, t. 69. fig. 9 1 South Mexico, Colipa (Schiede & Beppe). — West Indies. biol. cent.-ameb., Bot. Vol. 1, Pel. 1880. 2e 210 SAPINDACE^E. 2. Paullinia ? clavigera, Schl. in Linneea, x. p. 239. South Mexico, Hacienda de la Laguna (Schiede). 3. Paullinia COStata, Ch. et Schl. in LinnEea, x. p. 238. South Mexico, Hacienda de la Laguna (Schiede & Deppe), Mirador, near Jalapa (Galeotti, 4298 ; Linden, 900), valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1467). Hb. Kew. H. Paullinia cururu, Linn. Sp. PL p. 365. Paullinia riparia, H. B. K. Panama, in woods, Taboga (S. Hayes, 95, 653). — Colombia; Venezuela. Hb. Kew. K5. Paullinia guatemalensis, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1859, i. p. 268. Guatemala (Vogel, 12771). ^6. Paullinia pinnata, Linn. Sp. Pi. p. 366. Paullinia diversiflora, Miq. Animadvers. in Herb. Surinam, p. 13. Paullinia hostmanni et Paullinia nitida, Steud., nee H. B. K. South Mexico, between La Venta del Exido and Acapulco (Humboldt & Bonpland) ; Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 455). — Tropical S. America. Also in Tropical Africa and Madagascar. Hb. Kew. 7. Paullinia polystachya, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1859, i. p. 268. South Mexico, 3000 to 5000 feet (Galeotti, 4309). 8. Paullinia pteropoda, DC. Prodr. i. p. 605 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 121. South Mexico, near Jalapa and Vera Cruz (Schiede & Bepjpe), valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1523, 1894). Hb. Kew. '9. Paullinia velutina, DC. Prodr. i. p. 605. Paullinia fusca, Griseb. Paullinia fuscescens, H. B. K. Serjania pubescens, Seem., nee H. B. K. South Mexico, San Bias to Tepic (Coulter, 883), Orizaba (SalU; Bourgeau, 2675), Acapulco (Beechey) ; Guatemala (Friedrichsthal) ; Nicaragua, Bealejo (Sinclair) ; Panama, island of T aboga (Buchassaing ; Sinclair; Seemann, 597; & Hayes, 123). — Colombia; Venezuela. Hb. Kew. 10. Paullinia, sp. South Mexico (Linden, 1024), Tepic (Barclay). Hb. Kew. ^11. Paullinia, sp. Costa Eica (Endres, 142). Hb. Kew. 12. Paullinia, sp. South Mexico (Hahn). Hb. Kew. 13. Paullinia, sp. South Mexico, Teapa (Linden, 1023 ; Sumichrast, 305). Hb. Kew. >^ SAPINDACEJE. 211 14. Paullinia, sp. South Mexico, Vera Cruz to Orizaba (F. Mutter, 1282; Bourgeau, 2619, 2675), Mexico (Jurgensen, 521). Hb. Kew. 15. Paulliiiia, sp. Nicaragua {Tate, 57). Hb. Kew. 16. Paullinia, sp. Nicaragua (Tate, 58). Hb. Kew. 17. Paullinia, sp. Nicaragua {Tate, 59). Hb. Kew. 18. Paullinia, sp. Guatemala (Friedrichsthal, 5). Hb. Kew. 19. Paullinia, sp. Panama, railway-route (S. Hayes, 499). Hb. Kew. 20. Paullinia, sp. Panama (S. Hayes, 391). Hb. Kew. 21. Paullinia, sp. Panama, Frijoli railway-station (S. Hayes, 334). Hb. Kew. 5. SCHMIDELIA. Schmidelia, Linn. Mant. p. 67; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 396. Shrubs or small trees ; about eighty species, half of which are American and the others dispersed in Tropical Africa, Asia, and Australia. 1. Schmidelia glabrata, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 122 1 South Mexico, Tabasco (Linden, 1615). — Colombia. Hb. Kew. 2. Schmidelia occidentalis, Sw. Pi. ind. Occ. ii. p. 665. Schmidelia semidentata, Miq. Schmidelia sericea, Camb. Schmidelia incequilatera, Mart. Panama, Santiago de Veraguas (Seemann, 1212). — Cuba, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, and in Brazil. Hb. Kew. 3. Schmidelia, sp. (1 S. cominia, Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. ii. p. 667). South Mexico, Yucatan (Linden, 894). — West Indies. Hb. Kew. 4. Schmidelia, sp. South Mexico, Oaxaca, ravines at 5500 feet (Galeotti, 7133). Hb. Kew. 5. Schmidelia, sp. Nicaragua, Chontales (Tate, 433). Hb. Kew. 2^2 212 SAPINDACK&. 6. Schmidelia, sp. South Mexico, Oaxaca (GMesbreght, 342). Hb. Kew. 6. .ESCULUS. JEsculus, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 462 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 398. A genus of about fifteen arboreous and shrubby species, inhabiting North America and the mountains of Mexico, Colombia, and Persia, North India, and the Malayan peninsula in the Old World. 1. ^Ssculus mexicana, Benth. et Hook. Gen. PI. i. p. 398. Billia hippocastanum, Peyr. in Bot. Zeit. 1858, p. 153. South Mexico, Jalapa (Galeotti, 7075), Mirador (Linden, 24), without habitat (Jurgensen, 384), Oaxaca (Franco), Mirador and Huatusco (Heller). Hb. Kew. 7. UNGNADIA. Ungnadia, Endl. Atakt. t. 36 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 398. Limited to this one species, which is a shrub or small tree : — 1. Ungnadia Speciosa, Endl. Atakt. t. 36 ; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. tt. 178, 179. Texas. — Noeth Mexico \ (Mex. Bound. Survey, 184). Hb. Kew. 8. CUPANIA. Cupania, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 279 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 399. Trees or erect shrubs ; about thirty species, generally dispersed in the tropics. 1. Cupania alba, Griseb. in Bonplandia, vi. p. 4. Panama (Buchassaing). This is referred to C. cinerea, Poepp. et Endl. in Hb. Kew. 2. Cupania americana, Linn. Sp. Pi. p. 290. Cupania tomentosa, Sw. South Mexico, between Sepillo and Estero (ScMede) ; Guatemala (Friedrichsthal). Cuba, Guadaloupe, Trinidad, and northern part of South America. Hb. Kew. [Cupania akesia, Camb. ; BligMa sapida, Kcenig, Ann. Bot. xiii. 6, p. 2, tt. 16 17. A native of West Tropical Africa, cultivated in Central America.] 3. Cupania ? dentata, DC. Prodr. i. p. 614 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 123. Mexico. 4. Cupania excelsa, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 125. South Mexico, between Mazatlan and Zumpango, 3900 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland). " 5. Cupania Mvida, Tr. et PI. Prodr. Fl. N. Gran. p. 374. Panama, Eio Grande railway-station (S. Hayes, 617). Hb. Kew. SAPINDACEiE. 213 6. Cupania laevigata, Miq. in Walp. Ann. ii. p. 215. Panama, near the city of Panama and the ruins of Old Panama (Seemann, Du- chassaing). Hb. Kew. 7. Cupania seemanni, Tr. et PL Prodr. Fl. N. Gran. i. p. 373. Cupania sylvatica, Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald/ nee Casaretto. Panama, in shady woods near the village of Gorgona {Seemann, 642), Empire railway- station (S. Hayes, 115). Hb. Kew. 8. Cupania, sp. Panama, a common shrub (S. Hayes, 113). Hb. Kew. 9. KATON1A. Ratonia, DC. Prodr. i. p. 618 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 399. About forty-five species, widely dispersed in the tropics, though hitherto none have been discovered on the African continent. They are chiefly large trees. 1. Ratonia apetala, Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 126. Cupania mexicana, Turcz. South Mexico, Vera Cruz (Galeotti, 3492 ; Linden, 734). — Jamaica, Cuba. Hb. Kew. 2. Ratonia, sp. Panama, around the city of Panama (Seemann, 289). Hb. Kew. 3. Ratonia, sp. South Mexico (Schiede, 1295). Hb. Kew. 10. THOUINIA. Thouinia, Poiteau in Ann. Mus. iii. p. 70, tt. 6, 7 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 400. Trees and erect or climbing shrubs. About twelve species, all endemic in America. 1. Thouinia decandra, Humb. et Bonpl. PI. TEquin. i. p. 198, t. 56. South Mexico, Acapulco (Bonpland, Beechey) ; Guatemala (Friedrichsthal, Skinner). Hb. Kew. 2. Thouinia ? villoSa, DC. Prodr. i. p. 612 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 122. South Mexico, around Guanaxuaca (Mogino & Sesse"). 11. MELICOCCA. Melicocca, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 47 j Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 401. Trees. Three species endemic in Tropical America. 1. Melicocca bijuga, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 495. There are no specimens at Kew from within our boundaries ; but in a note accom- panying a specimen from Cartagena Mr. S. Hayes says that it grows about Panama. It is a native of tbe northern part of South America and Tbinidad. 214 SAPINDACE.&. 12. SAPINDUS. Sapindus, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 449; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 404. About forty species of trees and shrubs, generally dispersed in the tropics, and a few reaching subtropical regions. 1. Sapilldus drummondii, Hook, et Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 281. ?= Sapindus divaricates, Willd. South Mexico, without locality (Beechey), valley of Cordova (Bourgeau). Hb. Kew. 2. Sapindus inaequalis, DC. Prodr. i. p. 608. South Mexico, Misantla (Schiede & Deppe); Panama, Eio Grande railway-station (S. Hayes, 347). — West Indies and northern parts of South America. Hb. Kew. 3. Sapilldus marginatus, Willd. Enum. p. 432 ; Gray, Gen. 111. ii. t. 180. Southern States of North America, from Florida westward, — and North Mexico, Sonora (Torrey), without locality (Gregg). Hb. Kew. 4. Sapindus, sp. South Mexico (Jurgensen, 770). Hb. Kew. 5. Sapindus, sp. South Mexico,- valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1466). Hb. Kew. Suborder ACERE^l. This suborder is almost confined to the northern hemisphere. 13. NEGUNDO. Negundo, Moench, Meth. p. 334 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 409.| Small trees. Four (or two) species, natives of North America and Japan. 1. Negundo mexicanum, DC. Prodr. i. p. 596. South Mexico, in the mountains around Toluca (Andrieux, 489), Orizaba (Botteri, 1062), Chiapas (Linden, 1645). Hb. Kew. This should perhaps be referred to W. aceroides, Moench, a species widely dispersed in North America up to the Saskatchewan. 14. ACER. Acer, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 1155 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 409. About fifty arboreous species, inhabiting the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. 1. Acer mexicanum, A. Gray, in Proc. Am. Acad. v. p. 176. North Mexico, in Nuevo Leon (Berlandier, 3122). SAPINDACE.E. 215 Suborder DOBONEjfl. By far the larger number of species of this suborder are natives of Australia and South Africa. 15. DODONAEA. Bodonma, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 855 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 410. This genus comprises nearly fifty species of shrubs and trees, forty of which are Australian. Probably all the American forms belong to one species. 1. Dodonsea SChiedeana, Schl. in Linnsea, xviii. p. 49. Noeth Mexico, in various parts of Sonora (Thurber, Schott, and others) ; South Mexico, without locality (Schiede), Zimapan (Aschenborn, 619, 698). Probably only one of the numerous forms of the next. 2. Dodonaea viscosa, Linn. Mant. p. 238. Bodonma bialata, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. t. 442; and many other synonyms. Pound in nearly all tropical and subtropical and south temperate regions throughout the Woeld, and very common in Centeal Ameeica and Mexico. 3. Dodonaea, sp. South Mexico, Oaxaca (Idebmann). Hb. Kew. 16. ALVARADOA. Alvaradoa, Liebm. in Vidensk. Meddel. 1853, p. 100 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 411. The genus consists of the two shrubby species enumerated here : — 1. Alvaradoa amorphoides, Liebm. loc. cit. et Walp. Ann. iv. p. 382. Picramnia filipetala, Turcz. South Mexico, Oaxaca, near the Pacific Ocean (Galeotti, 7135 ; Idebmann), Chiapas (Ghiesbreght, 617); Nicaeagua, Realejo ((Ersted). — Bahamas. Hb. Kew. 2. Alvaradoa mexicana, Liebm. in Vidensk. Meddel. 1853, p. 100. South Mexico, Bolafios (ffartweg, 67); Nicaeagua, Realejo ((Ersted). Hb. Kew. Suborder STAPEYLEM. 17. TURPIN1A. Turpinia, Vent. Choix, t. et p. 31 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 413. Shrubs and trees. About eight species, inhabiting the mountains of India and the Indian Archipelago, of China, the West Indies, and the northern provinces of South America and Central America. 1. Turpinia insignis, Tul. in Ann. Sc. ser. 3, vol. vii. p. 296. Lacepedea insignis, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 143, t. 444. 216 SAPINEACE^E. South Mexico, near Jalapa (Humboldt & Bonpland; Galeotti, 4380), region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 2616 ; Botteri, 1010 ; Bilimek, 48), Vera Cruz (Linden, 925). Hb. Kew. 2. Turpinia pinnata, Hemsl. Lacepedea pinnata, Schl. in Linnaea, x. p. 240. South Mexico, between Acatlan and Chiconquiaco (Schiede). Perhaps not specifically different from T. insignis. 3. Turpinia paniculata, Vent. Choix, t. et p. 31. Mexico (Mocino & SessS). Grisebach (Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 128) makes this a synonym of T. occidentals, Don, which grows in Jamaica, Cuba, Dominica, &c. 4. Turpinia? tomentosa, La Llave et Lex. Nov. Veg. Descr. fasc. i. p. 24. Mexico. / 5. Turpinia, sp. (IT. occidentals, Don). Guatemala, Volcan de Fuego (Salviri). Hb. Kew. Order XLII. SABIACE/E. Sabiacea, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 413. A small order of trees and shrubs, comprising four genera and about thirty species, dispersed in tropical and subtropical regions, chiefly in the northern hemisphere. 1. MELIOSMA. Meliosma, Blume, M. Jav. Prsef. 7 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 414; Planch, in Ann. Sc. Nat. serie 4, iii. p. 295. About twenty species, natives of Tropical and Subtropical Asia, Mexico, and Colombia. 1. Meliosma alba, Planch, in Ann. Sc. Nat. serie 4, iii. p. 295. Millingtonia alba, Schl. in Linnsea, xvi. p. 395. Kingsborouffhia alba, Liebm. in Vidensk. Meddel. 1850, p. 67. South Mexico, Jalapa (Schiede), San Andres (Schiede), province of Mexico (Sumi- chrast). Hb. Kew. Published under LORENZANEA. 2. Meliosma Lorenzanea dentata, Liebm. in Vidensk. Meddel. 1850, p. 70. Mexico. Var. (3, Liebm. loc. cit. Mexico. SABIACE^l. 217 3. Meliosma Lorenzanea ira, Liebm. in Vidensk. Meddel. 1850, p. 71. Costa Eica. 4. Meliosma Lorenzanea glabrata, Liebm. in Vidensk. Meddel. 1850, p. 71. Mexico. 5. Meliosma Lorenzanea vernicosa, Liebm. in Vidensk. Meddel. 1850, p. 72. Costa Eica. [Planchon (Ann. Sc. Nat. serie 4, vol. iii. p. 295) thinks Lorenzanea must be Meliosma ; but he had not examined the species ; and as we have not had an oppor- tunity of examining them, we leave them without specific names under Meliosma.~\ Order XLIII. ANACARDIACEiE. Anacardiacece, Bentb. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 415. Trees and shrubs, inhabiting tropical and subtropical countries, very few reaching temperate regions. Tribe ANACARDIE^E. 1. EHUS. Rhus, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 369 ; Bentb. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 418. This genus has nearly the same range as the whole family, and numbers upwards of 100 species. 1. KllUS Ciliolata, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1863, i. p. 470. South Mexico (Linden, 324). 2. Rhus copallina, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 380. New York to Florida, Texas,— and INorth Mexico (Mex. Bound. Survey, 157). — Also in Cuba. Hb. Kew. 3. Rhus Crenatifolia, Schl. in Linnsea, xvi. p. 483. South Mexico (Schiede). 4. Rhus filicina, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 67 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 189. Mexico, in mountainous regions (Mogino & Sesse). 5. Rhus juglandifolia, Willd. in Ecem. et Schult. Syst., et in H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 649. Rhus lindeniana, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1858, i. p. 468. South Mexico, Mirador (Linden, 925), Jalapa (Galeotti, 3504). Hb. Kew. biol. cent.-amee., Bot. Vol. 1, Feb. 1880. 2/ 218 ANACAEDIACELE. 6. Rhus microphylla, Engelm. in Gray, PI. Wright, i. p. 31. Texas. — North Mexico, Chihuahua and Sonora (Torrey), region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 126). Hb. Kew. 7. Rhus mollis, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vii. p. 10, t. 602. Stiphonia mollis, Nutt. South Mexico, near Queretaro (Humboldt & Bonpland), Misteca Alta, Oaxaca (Galeotti, 7187), Cerro de San Felipe (Liebmann), Arayan (Be Berghes), Atotonilco el Grande (Eartweg, 280). Hb. Kew. 8. Rhus pachyrrhachis, n. sp. Molliter villosa, ramis crassiusculis, foliis imparipinnatis petiolatis, foliolis 7-13 breviter petiolu- latis crassiusculis coriaceis ssepissime oblongo-laneeolatis margine recurvis supra demum glabrescentibus nitidis, rhachi crassa tereti, floribus mediocribus in paniculas parvas dispo- sitis, sepalis 5 membranaceis ellipticis concavis ciliolatis, petalis 5 oblongo-elbpticis, fl. $ intus infra medium barbatis, fl. £ nudis, stigmatibus late dilatatis recurvis, drupa coccinea villosa, semine fusco nitido. Arbor vel frutex, novellis molliter villosis, ramis crassiusculis. Folia imparipinnata, petiolata, 3—6- pollicaria ; foliola 7-13, breviter petiolulata vel interdum fere sessilia, crassiuscula, coriacea, ssepissime oblongo-lanceolata, sed interdum ovata, obovata, oblanceolata vel fere orbicularia, 1-2-pollicaria, obtusiuscula nee mucronata, supra demum glabrescentia nitida, costa infra elevata, margine recurvo, rhachi et petiolo teretibus crassis. Mores mediocres, subsessiles, basi unibracteati, bibracteolati, in paniculas parvas (1^-3-pollicares) axillares vel rarissime termi- nales dispositi ; bracteis late ovato-rotundatis, bracteolis ovato-ellipticis bracteisque concavis, subcrustaceis, persistentibus, quam flores brevioribus ; sepala 5, elliptica, concava, membranacea, persistentia, extus hixsuta, margine ciliolata ; petala 5, oblongo-elliptica, concava, sepalis duplo longiora, fl. intus infra medium barbata ; stamina 5 ; discus annularis, carnosus, aurantiacus ; ovarium dense hirsutum, stylis brevissimis, stigmatibus late dilatatis recurvis. Drupa sphseroidea, circiter 4-5 lin. diametro, coccinea, villosa j semen compresso- ovatum, fuscum, nitidum. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer ; 125) ; South Mexico, Chiapas (Ghiesbreght, 511). Hb. Kew. 9. Rhus ? perniciosa, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vii. p. 10. South Mexico, near Santa Teresa and near Tepecuacuilco, 3100 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland). 10. Rhus polyantha, Benth. PI. Hartw. p. 60. South Mexico, Villa Alta, in the mountains of Chinantla (Hartweg, 453). Hb. Kew. 11. Rhus potentillaefblia, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1858, i. p. 469. South Mexico (Galeotti, 4006 a). 12. Rhus rubifblia, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1863, i. p. 612. South Mexico, Oaxaca (Galeotti, 3947 ; Liebmann, 27). Hb. Kew. 13. Rhus saxatilis, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 71 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 192. Mexico. ANACAEDIACTLE. 219 14. Rhus SChiedeana, Schl. in Linnsea, xvi. p. 480. South Mexico, Barranca de Santa Maria, between San Jose del Oro and Izmiquilpan (Schiede), Eegla (Ehrenberg). 15. Rhus SChmidelioides, Schl. in Linnsea, xvi. p. 482. Rhus aromatica, var., Hook, et Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 284. South Mexico (Beechey), in calcareous mountains near Atotonilco el Grande (Ehren- berg), between Zimapan and Encarnacion (Schiede). Hb. Kew. 16. Rhus Sllbcordata, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1858, i. p. 470. South Mexico (Galeotti, 3515). 17. Rh.US terebinthifolia, Schl. (char, amplif.). Fruticosa vel arborea, plus minusve villoso-hirsuta, ramis elongatis lenticellatis, foliis imparipinnatis petiolatis ssepe deflexis, foliolis 5-11 breviter petiolulatis vix coriaceis discoloribus ovato- lanceolatis oblongis ellipticisve basi ssepe obliquis apice cuspidulato-mucronatis margine recurvis, rbachi tereti, floribus minimis spicato-paniculatis, panieulis amplis laxis axillaribus terminalibusve, sepalis 5 subscariosis glabris ciliolatis ovato-orbicularibus, petalis 5 late ovato- oblongis ciliolatis, ovario hirsute, stylis brevissimis, stigmatibus obtusis, drupa immatura villosa. Frutex (Galeotti), arbor (Salvin), plus minusve villoso-hirsuta, ramis rectis, teretibus, elongatis, graciliusculis. Folia imparipinnata, petiolata, 3-5-pollicaria, ssepe deflexa ; foliola 5-11, ssepis- sime 9, breviter petiolulata, vix coriacea, discoloria, infra pallidiora, ovato-lanceolata, oblonga vel elliptica, 1-2-pollicaria, basi sequalia vel ssepe obliqua, apice cuspidulato-mucronata, mar- gine recurva, ssepe undulata, supra glabrescentia, subtus pubescentia, costa venisque lateralibus elevatis, rhachi tereti graciliuscula. Flores minimi, albi vel pallide rosei, subsessiles, basi unibracteati et bibracteolati, spicato-paniculati, panieulis amplis laxis, quam folia longioribus, terminalibus et prsesertim in axillis foliorum superiorum ; bractese bracteolseque ovatse, con- cavse, diu persistentes, floribus breviores; sepala 5, subscariosa, ovato-orbicularia, glabra, ciliolata ; petala 5, late ovato- oblonga, sepalis duplo longiora, ciliolata ; stamina 5 ; ovarium hirsutum, stylis brevissimis, stigmatibus obtusis. Drupa immatura villosa, fusiformis. — Schl. in IAnrwea, v. p. 600. South Mexico, Papantla (Schiede, 715), Mirador (Liebmann, 31, 39), Vera Cruz to Orizaba (Muller, 1281), Cordillera of Vera Cruz at 3000 feet (Galeotti, 3513), Orizaba (Botteri, 1000), Mirador (Linden, 731) ; Guatemala, Barranca Honda, Volcan de Fuego, 3800 feet (Salvin). Hb. Kew. Var. X barclayi. Fere omnino glaberrima, ramis petiolis rhachibusque gracilioribus quam in planta typica, foliis semipedalibus, foliolis 5-7 distantibus longiuscule petiolulatis ovato-oblongis, 2-3-pollicaribus. — R. terebinthifolia, Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. p. 79, vix Schlecht. South Mexico, Acapulco (Barclay). Hb. Kew. This may prove to be a distinct species. 18. Rhus toxicodendron, Linn. Sp. Pi. p. 381. Widely dispersed in the Eastern United States ; Massachusetts southward — to Nobth 2f2 220 ANABCARDIACE^:. Mexico, Sierra de Pajarito, Sonora (Schott), canon of Guadalupe (Smith); South Mexico, without locality (Aschenborn), Jalapa (Galeotti, 3508 ; Linden, 724 ; Botteri, 493). Hb. Kew. 19. EllUS trilobata, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, FI. N. Am. i. p. 219. Texas, New Mexico, California. — North Mexico, Sonora (Torrey). Hb. Kew. 20. Rhus virens, Lindh. in A. Gray, PI. Lindh. ii. p. 159 (\=schiedeana, Schl.). Texas, New Mexico. — North Mexico, along mountain-streams on the Sonoit&(Wright). Hb. Kew. 21. Rhus, sp. (IB. schiedeana, Schl.). South Mexico, Tehuacan (Galeotti, 3500), Zimapan (Coulter, 870). Hb. Kew. 22. Rhus, sp. South Mexico, Orizaba (Botteri, 1026). Hb. Kew. 23. Rhus, sp. South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 878 ; Tate). Hb. Kew. 24. Rhus, sp. South Mexico, Orizaba (Botteri, 1004). Hb. Kew. 25. Rhus, sp. South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 875). Hb. Kew. 26. Rhus, sp. South Mexico, exact locality uncertain (Andrieux, 465). Hb. Kew. 2. COMOCLADIA. Comocladia, P. Browne, Hist. Jam. p. 124; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 419. Four arboreous species, inhabiting the West Indies and Tropical America. 1. Comocladia acuminata, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 65 ; Caiques des Dess Fl Mex 193. Mexico (Mopino & SessS). 2. Comocladia mollissima, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vii. p. 17, t. 607. South Mexico, between Acapulco and Venta del Exido, 1200 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland). [Mangifera indica, Linn., an Asiatic fruit-tree, is cultivated and partially naturalized in Central America.] 3. ANACARDIUM. p. 252, ex DC. Prodr. ii Shrubs and trees. About half a dozen species, endemic in Tropical America. Amcardium, Rottb. in Act. Hafn. ii. p. 252, ex DC. Prodr. ii. p. 62; Benth. et Hook Gen Plant l. p. 420. " ' ANACAKDIACILE. 221 1. Anacardium occidentale, Jinn. Sp. Pi. p. 548. Anacardium occidentale, /?. americamm, Jacq. Am. i. t. 181. fig. 35. Mexico (Grisebach) ; Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 308). — Tropical South America, from Brazil northward, and the West Indies. Hb. Kew. Cultivated and naturalized in other tropical countries. 2. Anacardium rhinocarpus, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 62. Rhinocarpus excelsa, Bertero et Balbis, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vii. p. 6. t. 601. San Salvador, Libertad [Barclay) ; Panama, without locality (Seemanri). — Colombia. Hb. Kew. - 4. SCHINUS. Schinus, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 1130; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 422. About twelve arboreous species, endemic in America. 1. Schinus molle, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1467 ; Lam. 111. t. 822. South Mexico, common (Andrieux, 467; Hartweg, Parkinson, Gregg, Schaffner, Christy). — Widely dispersed in Tropical America to South Brazil. Hb. Kew. Cultivated and naturalized in other warm countries. " The Peru or Pepper tree, abundant throughout the valley of Mexico, supposed to have been introduced by the early Spaniards in order to procure wood in the volcanic district. It has been spread by the birds, who eat the seeds freely." — H. Christy. 5. PISTACIA. Pistacia, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 1108 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 419. Trees or shrubs. About six species — five inhabiting the Mediterranean region from Western Asia to the Canary Islands, and one Mexico. 1. Pistacia mexicana, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vii. p. 22, t. 608. Texas. — Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 869), Cuesta de S. Juan del Estado (IAebmann), Sauco (Buhland), Barranca de Tioselo (Schiede), Chilpancingo (Humboldt & Bonpland), Vera Cruz to Orizaba (Mutter, 1408), San Luis Potosi to San Antonio (Parry, 98). Hb. Kew. 6. SMODINGIUM. Smodingium, E. Meyer, ex Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 422. Shrubs or trees. Besides the two following, there is one South-African species. 1. Smodingium andrieuxii, Baill. Adans. xi. p. 182. South Mexico, Province of Mexico (Andrieux, 184). Hb. Paris. 2. Smodingium virletii, Baill. Adans. xi. p. 182. South Mexico, San Luis Potosi (Virlet d'Aoust, 1044). Hb. Paris. 222 ANACABDIACE^. 7. TAPIEIA. Tapiria, Juss. Gen. Plant, p. 372; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 423. Shrubs or trees. About ten species, Asiatic and American, chiefly the latter. 1, Tapiria cyrtocarpa, Benth. et Hook. loc. cit. Cyrtocarpa procera, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vii. p. 20, t. 609. South Mexico, near Mescala, Canada de Sopilote, Estola, and Zumpango, 2400 to 3600 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland). \Cyrtocarpa\ copalillo, Schl. in Linnaea, xvi. p. 485, collected in Papantla and Hacienda de la Laguna by Schiede, is a doubtful plant.] 8. MAUKIA. Mauria, Kunth in Ann. Sc. Nat. ii. p. 338 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 426. About ten arboreous species, endemic in America. If 1. Mauria puberula, Tul. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, vol. vi. p. 366. Mauria seemannii, PI. et (Erst. Moschoxylon veraguense, Seem. Panama, Boquete, Veraguas (Seemann, 1253). — Colombia, Venezuela, Peru. Hb. Kew. Tribe SPONDIE.E. 9. DASYCARYA. Dasycarya, Liebm. in Vidensk. Meddel. 1853, p. 98 ; Bentb. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 427. Limited to this one arboreous species : — 1. Dasycarya grisea, Liebm. in Vidensk. Meddel. 1853, p. 98. South Mexico, Tsatitlan del Camino, Oaxaca (Liebmann). Hb. Kew. 10. SPONDIAS. Spondias, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 377; Bentb. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 426. Trees. About eight species, widely dispersed in the tropics, sometimes cultivated. l. Spondias lutea, Linn. Sp. Pi. p. 613. South Mexico, Yucatan and Tabasco (Johnson), near Tantoyuca (Ervendberg, 353) ; Costa Eica, Punta Arenas (S. Hayes, 616) ; Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 141).— Colombia and West Indies, including Cuba and Jamaica. Hb. Kew. v 2. Spondias, sp. (IS. purpurea, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 613). Panama, on the sea-shore near the city of Panama (Seemann). Hb. Kew. True S. purpurea occurs in Jamaica, Cuba, and Colombia. ANACABDIACILE. 223 3. Spondias, ? sp. South Mexico, region of Omaelca {Bourgeau). Hb. Kew. 4. Spondias, sp. South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1816). Hb. Kew. 5. Spondias, 1 sp. South Mexico, valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 189). Hb. Kew. 11. JULIANIA. Juliania, Schl. in Linnsea, xvii. p. 746 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 428. Trees. One Peruvian species and the following. 1. Juliania adstringens, Schl. in Linnsea, xvii. p. 746. Hypopterygium adstringens, Schl. loc. cit. p. 635. South Mexico, at San Francisco Jetecala, near Mecatlan, at Tlaquiltenango (Schiede). Order XLIV. CORIARIEtE. Coriariece, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 429. This family consists of one genus and three to five shrubby species, dispersed in the Mediterranean region, Himalaya, Japan, New Zealand, and South America. 1. COKIAKIA. Coriaria, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 458 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 429. Distribution of the order. 1. Coriaria thymifolia, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vii. p. 168, t. 636. Coriaria atropurpurea, DC. North Mexico, San Luis Potosi (Virlet d'Aoust); South Mexico, Chiapas (Linden, 1659), Oaxaca (Ghiesbreght, 335), Cordillera of Michoacan (Galeotti, 7213); Guate- mala, Zunil (Hartweg, 524 ; Salvin & Godman). — Widely dispersed in South America ; also common in New Zealand. Hb. Kew. Series III. CALYCIFLOR2E. Order XLV. CONNARACEiE. Connaracece, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 430. Shrubs and trees, about 140 species, referred to twelve genera, chiefly natives of tropical regions. Absent from Australia. 224 CONNAEACILE. Tribe CONNAREjE. 1. EOUEEA. Rourea, Aubl. PL Guian. i. p. 467, t. 187 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 432. Shrubs and small trees. Upwards of forty species, chiefly natives of Tropical America and Asia. Only four have been detected in Tropical Africa. v\. Rourea frutescens, Aubl. Guian. 1. 187. Panama, isle of Taboga (Buchassaing). — Guiana and Trinidad. 2. Rourea glabra, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vii. p. 41. South Mexico, Acapulco (Beechey), near Tantoyuca (Ervendberg, 171) ; Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 57, 127), borders of marshes near the city of Panama (S. Hayes, 643). — Jamaica, St. Lucia, and northern part of South America. Hb. Kew. 3. Rourea? Oblongifolia, Hook, et Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 283. South Mexico, Tepic {Lay). 2. CONNAKUS. Connarus, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 830 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 432. Upwards of fifty species of small trees and shrubs, having nearly the same geogra- phical range as the family. °1. Coniiarus, sp. (% C. hcemorrhceus, Karst. Fl. Colomb. ii. p. 73, t. 137). Panama, borders of swamps near the city of Panama (S. Hayes, 651). Hb. Kew. v% Connarus panamensis, Griseb. in Bonplandia, 1858, p. 6. Panama (Duchassaing). 2. Connarus turczaninowii, Hemsl. Connarus panamensis, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1859, xxxii. p. 277, non Griseb. Panama, Frijoli railway-station (S. Hayes, 332), Chagres (Fendler, 128). Hb. Kew. Tribe CNESTIDE^]. 3. CNESTIDIUM. Cnestidium, Planch, in Linnsea, xxiii. p. 438 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 433. Shrubs or trees, endemic in Panama and Mexico. 1. Cnestidium rufescens, PI. in Linngea, xxiii. p. 439. South Mexico, neighbourhood of Tabasco (Linden, 823) ; Nicaragua, Volcan de Mombacho ((Ersted); Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 56), in woods, Loxeria(& Hayes, 725), isle of Taboga (Barclay). Hb. Kew. 2. Cnestidium, sp. South Mexico, Orizaba (Salle). Hb. Kew. LEGTJMINOS.&. 225 Order XLVI. LEGUMINOS^. Leguminosce, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 434. About 420 genera and 6500 species, generally dispersed, except in New Zealand and the very coldest regions, where they are very rare. Suborder I. PAPILIONACEM Tribe GENISTE.E. There are forty-two genera of this tribe, consisting mainly of shrubs and herbaceous plants, inhabiting nearly all temperate and subtropical regions. 1. CEOTALAEIA. Crotalaria, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 862 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 479. A very large genus of herbaceous and shrubby plants, represented in nearly all tropical and subtropical regions. Upwards of 100 occur in Tropical Africa alone, and nearly eighty in British India. They are also very numerous in America ; and some of the species are amphigseous. The whole genus comprises at least 200 species. 1. Crotalaria anagyroides, . B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 404. South Mexico, near Tantoyuca (Ervendberg, 22). — Venezuela. 2. Crotalaria angulata, Miller, Diet. no. 9. South Mexico, Campeche. 3. Crotalaria bupleurifolia, Schl. in Linnsea, v. p. 575, xii. p. 279 ; Hook. Ic. PL t. 372. C. parviflora, Roth, var. glabella, Mart, et Gal., et var. hirsntissima, Mart, et Gal. in Bull. Acad. Brax. x. p. 32. North Mexico, Cerro de Pinal (Seemann, 1534) ; South Mexico, Cuesta Grande de Chiconquiaco (Schiede & Deppe), Jalapa (Galeotti), Hacienda de la Laguna (Schiede & Deppe), woods of Zacuapan (Galeotti, 3277), forests of Juquila, Oaxaca (Galeotti, 3177). Hb. Kew. 4. Crotalaria cajanifolia, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 405. South Mexico, on the slopes of Volcan de Jorullo, 3480 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland) ; Guatemala, lower part of the Volcan de Fuego (Salvin & Godman, 205) ; Costa Pica (Entires, 238) ; Panama, near the city of Panama (Seemann, 228), Empire railway- station (S. Hayes, 284). Hb. Kew. biol. cent.-amee., Bot. Vol. 1, Feb. 1880. 2 g 226 LEGUMBTOS^. 5. Crotalaria carmioli, Polakowsky in Linnsea, xli. p. 558. Costa Eica, in meadows and on roadsides (Polakowsky). 6. Crotalaria dichotoma, Grah. in Edinb. New Phil. Journ. ii. p. 186. South Mexico, Oaxaca (Andrieux, 422), Tacubaya (Schaffner, 14), Michoacan (Gale- otti, 3380). Hb. Kew. Perhaps a variety of C. pumila. 7. Crotalaria dombeyana, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 132? South Mexico, on the Pacific coast of Oaxaca (Galeotti, 3191). — Type from Peru. 8. Crotalaria elliptica, Mart, et Gal. in Bull. Acad. Brux. x. 2, p. 34. South Mexico, at an altitude of 4000 feet (Galeotti, 3380). Var. multiflora, Mart, et Gal. loc. cit. South Mexico, near Totutla (Galeotti, 3295). 9. Crotalaria eriocaula, Schauer in Linnsea, xx. p. 738. South Mexico, near the town of Tula (Aschenbom). 10. Crotalaria eriocarpa, Be^th. Bot. Voy. Sulph. p. 80. South Mexico, Mazatlan (Seemann, 1526), without special habitats (Beechey, Tate, Coulter, &c.). Hb. Kew. I'll. Crotalaria guatemalensis, Benth. in Vidensk. Meddel. 1853, p. 2. Guatemala, Bio Guacalate (Salvin), Costa Grande, Ixtacapa (Bernoulli, 555) ; Costa Eica, province of Guanacaste (QUrsted), roadsides, sandy places, San Jose (Polakowsky) ; Panama, in cleared places, Cerro de Ancon (Seemann). Hb. Kew. 12. Crotalaria incana, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1005 ; Jacq. Obs. iv. t. 82. North Mexico, San Luis Potosi to Tampico (Palmer, 1046); South Mexico, Aca- pulco (Barclay), between Tehuantepec and the Pacific Ocean (Andrieux, 424, 425), region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 2571, 3176 ; Botteri, 715), ravines of Eeal del Monte (Galeotti, 3361), Barranca de Mextitlan (Galeotti), valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1724) ; Guatemala (Friedrichsthal). — A common plant in the West Indies and Tropical South America ; also in Tropical Africa and India, though possibly introduced in the latter country. Hb. Kew. 13. Crotalaria leptoclona, Schauer in Linnsea, xx. p. 737. South Mexico (Aschenbom). *14. Crotalaria longirostrata, Hook, et Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. pp. 285, 414. South Mexico, Acapulco (Sinclair), Jalisco (Beechey) ; Guatemala, Volcan de Fuego, 5300 feet (Salvin), Mazatenango (Bernoulli, 545). ' Var. 0. macrophylla. Nicaragua, Gulf of Fonseca (Sinclair). LEGTJMINOS.&. 227 15. Crotalaria maypurensis, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 403. Crotalaria acapulcensis, Hook, et Am. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet {Parry & Palmer, 128) ; South Mexico, Acapulco {Hinds, Beechey), banks of rivers near the Pacific Ocean in Oaxaca {Galeotti, 3179), Hacienda de la Laguna {Schiede), Mirador {Linden, 700), lower part of San Felipe {Andrieux, 423), valley of Cordova {Bourgeau, 1725) ; Guatemala {Skinner); Panama, near the city of Panama {Seemann). — Southward to Peru and Brazil. Hb. Kew. 16. Crotalaria mollicula, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 403. South Mexico, near Guanaxuato, 6420 feet {Humboldt & Bonpland), oak-woods and on the borders of streams near Yavesia on the eastern sierra of Oaxaca, at 7000 feet {Galeotti, 3229). Hb. Kew. 17. Crotalaria nitens, H.B.K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 399. South Mexico, Jalapa {Galeotti, 3225). — Southward to Peru and Brazil. Hb. Kew. 18. Crotalaria OVallS, Pursh in DC. Prodr. ii. p. 124; Bot. Mag. t. 3006. Crotalaria hookeriana, A. DC. Crotalaria procumbens, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 129; Caiques des Dess. PI. Mex. 227. Carolina, Florida, Louisiana. — Mexico, San Bias {Beechey), Zimapan and Keal del Monte {Coulter), Tepic {Barclay), valley of Cordova {Bourgeau, 1723), valley of Mexico {Bourgeau, 574) ; Guatemala, Volcan de Fuego, ridge above Calderas, 8300 feet {Salvin) ; Costa Bica {Endres, 224), wet meadows, Angostura {Polakowsky). — Also in Colombia. Hb. Kew. 19. Crotalaria parviflora, Both, Cat. ex Ch. et Schl. in Linnsea, v. p. 574. Crotalaria platycarpa, Link. South Mexico, Cerro Colorado, on hills near Jalapa {Schiede & Deppe). Schlechtendal, in Linnsea, xii. p. 279, makes this a variety of C. sagittalis. 20. Crotalaria pilosa, Mill. Diet. no. 2. South Mexico, Vera Cruz {ex Miller). 21. Crotalaria pterocaulon, Desv. Journ. Bot. 1814, ii. p. 76. Crotalaria genistella, H. B. K. Panama, Tole, Veraguas {Seemann, 1187). — Widely spread in Tropical South America and in Jamaica and Trinidad. Hb. Kew. 22. Crotalaria pumila, Ortega, Dec. ii. p. 23. Crotalaria lupulina, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 402, t. 590. Crotalaria triantha, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 135 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 225. New Mexico. — North Mexico, Sonora {Schott), Sonora and Chihuahua {Thurber), valleys in the Chiricahui Mountains {Wright), region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet {Parry & Palmer, 127), Zacatecas (Hartweg, Coulter) ; South Mexico, Vera 2^2 228 LEGUMINOS.E. Cruz (Galeotti, 3295), Volcan de Jorallo (Humboldt & Bonpland), region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 3179), valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 575 ; Schaffner, 114). Hb. Kew. This species should perhaps include C. galeottii, C. dichotoma, C. tepicana, &c. 23. Crotalaria purshii, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 124. Carolina, Virginia, &c, to — North Mexico, Sierra Madre (Seemann, 2187). Hb. Kew. 24. Crotalaria sagittalis, Linn. Sp. Pi. p. 1003. This species extends through the eastern States of North America, from New Jersey southward to — North Mexico, Sonora (Thurber) ; South Mexico, Orizaba (Botteri, 679, 683, 684), savannas at 3000 feet, Oaxaca (Galeotti, 3256); Nicaragua, Greytown (Tate, 96). — It also occurs in Venezuela and Peru. Hb. Kew. Schlechtendal, in Linnsea, xii. p. 279, makes the following varieties : — a. sagittalis. /3. parviflora, Roth (species). j. rotundifolia, Poir. (species). 25. Crotalaria schiedeana, Steud. Nomencl. Bot. i. p. 445. Crotalaria bracteata, Ch. nee alior., in Linnsea, v. p. 575. South Mexico, woods and savannas, Zacuapan, 2000 to 3000 feet (Galeotti, 3325). Hb. Kew. 26. Crotalaria setifera, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 131 ; Caiques des Dess. EL Mex. 226. South Mexico, Yavesia, Oaxaca, at 7000 feet (Galeotti, 3229), without localities (SallS, Parkinson). Hb. Kew. 27. Crotalaria stipularia, Desf. Joum. Bot. 1814, ii. p. 76. South Mexico, region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 3202), valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1723). — Southward to Peru and Brazil, and in the West Indies. 28. Crotalaria tepicana, Hook, et Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 414. South Mexico, Tepic (Barclay), Mexico (Aschenbom). 28. Crotalaria undulata, Knowles and Westcott, Fl. Cab. ii. p. 158. Mexico. 30. Crotalaria, sp. Guatemala, in sandy places (Bernoulli, 282). Hb. Kew. 31. Crotalaria, sp. North Mexico, Cerro de Pinal (Seemann), Hb. Kew. 32. Crotalaria, sp South Mexico (Galeotti, 3173). Hb. Kew. L"BGUMINOS^E. 229 2. LUPINUS. Lupinus, Linn. Gen. Plant, n, 865; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 480. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely erect shrubs. About eighty species have been described ; and, with the exception of a few annual species natives of the Mediterranean region, they are all endemic in America, chiefly on the western side of North America. 1. Lupinus aschenbornii, Schauer in Linnsea, xx. p. 739. South Mexico (Aschenborn), Toluca, Cocustepec, 8800 feet (Heller); Costa Eica, Volcan de Irazu, 9000 to 11000 feet (Wendland). 2. Lupinus barkeri, Lindl. Bot. Reg. xxv. t. 56. Mexico. 3. Lupinus barkerise, Knowles et Westcott, Fl. Cab. iii. t. 122. Mexico. 4. Lupinus bimaculatus, Hook, in Sweet's Fl. Gard. ser. 2, t. 314. South Mexico, Toluca, in alpine meadows, 12,000 feet (Be Berghes, Heller). 5. Lupinus Campestris, Schl. et Ch. in Linnaea, v. p. 589. South Mexico, Llanos between Perote and Tlachichuca (Schiede & Beppe), humid forests of the eastern Cordillera of Oaxaca, near the Hacienda del Carmen and Yavesia, 7000 to 8000 feet (Galeotti, 3412); Panama, grassy slopes of Chiriqui, Veraguas (See- mann). Hb. Kew. 6. Lupinus canus, n. sp. Perennis? erectus, cano-sericeo-villosis, foliis caulinis graciliter petiolatis saepissime 8-foliolatis, foliolis linearibus, stipulis lineari-subulatis petiolo basi adnatis, floribus parvis verticillatis, bracteis valde deciduis, calycis sericei labiis fere Eequalibus, vexillo orbicularis alis oblique oblongis brevissime unguiculatis, ovario hirsute circiter 8-ovulato, legumine dense hirsute. Herba perennis ?, erectus, ramosus, 2-3-pedalis, ramis graciliusculis obscure striatis, plus minusve cano-pubescentibus. Folia caulina, graciliter petiolata, cano-sericeo-villosa, saepissime 8-folio- lata, superiora interdum 5-foliolata; foliola sessilia, linearia, 6-15 lin. longa, utrinque acuta, maxima 2-3 lin. lata, petiolo 1-2-pollicari ; stipulse lineari-subulatae, 6-9 lin. longae, petiolo basi adnatse. Flores mediocres, verticillatim racemosi, breviter pedicellati, bracteati, bracteis subulatis quam alabastra paullo longioribus cito deciduis ; calycis sericei labia fere asqualia, circiter 3 lin. longa, superius brevissime bidentatum, inferius integrum ; vexillum orbiculare, sessile, 5 lin. diametro ; alse oblique oblongae, circiter 6 lin. longae, fere liberae, brevissime unguiculatse ; carina nuda, cymbiformis, vix aut rostrata aut incurvata ; stamina 10, eorum 5 antheris multo minoribus ; ovarium hirsutum, circiter 8-ovulatum. Legumen sericeo-villosum, unicum mancum tantum visum. Nokth Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 129). Hb. Kew. 7. Lupinus clarkei, (Erst, in Vidensk. Meddel. 1853, p. 1. Costa Eica, Volcan de Irazu, 8000 to 9000 feet (ffirsted). Hb. Kew. 230 LEGUMINOS.&. 8. Lupinus ehrenbergii, Schl. in Linnsea, xii. p. 334 ; Bot. Eeg. xxxiii. t. 11. Noeth Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet {Parry & Palmer, 132) ; South Mexico, Mineral del Monte (Ehrenberg), pine-forests Anganguio {Hartweg), Oaxaca (Ghiesbreght). Hb. Kew. 9. Lnpinus elegans, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 477 ; Bot. Eeg. t. 1581. South Mexico, between Eeal de Moran and Totonilco el Grande (Humboldt & Bonpland), Mineral del Monte to Huajalote (Ehrenberg), pine- and oak-forests, Eeal del Monte, at 8000 feet, and peak of Orizaba, 9000 to 10,000 feet (Galeotti, 3341, 3390), valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 946 ; Hahn), without habitats (Tate, Keerl, ParMnson, Milller, Bates, &c.) Hb. Kew. 10. Lnpinus exaltatus, Zucc. in Flora, 1832, ii. Beibl. p. 70. Mexico. — Introduced into European gardens by Karwinski. 1/ 11. Lupinus flabellaris, Bert. Fl. Guat. p. 30. Guatemala, Volcan de Agua (Velasquez). 12. Lnpinus glabellus, Mart, et Gal. in Bull. Acad. Brux. x. 2, p. 37. South Mexico, forests of the peak of Orizaba, 9000 to 10,000 feet (Galeotti, 3411). 13. Lnpinus hartwegii, Lindl. Bot. Eeg. 1839, t. 31. 1/wpinus bilineatus, Benth. North Mexico, Zacatecas (Hartweg); South Mexico, valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 88,1056). Hb. Kew. 14. Lupinus leptocarpus, Benth. PL Hartw. p. 11. Noeth Mexico, Zacatecas (Hartweg). Hb. Kew. 15. Lnpinus leptophyllus, Schl. et Ch. in Linnsea, v. p. 589. South Mexico, between Tlachichuca and Tepetitlan (Schiede & Beppe). 16. Lupinus maderensis, Seem. Bot. Voy. 'Herald,' p. 278, t. 53. Noeth Mexico, Sierra Madre, in woods (Seemann, 2185). Hb. Kew. 17. Lnpinus marshallianus, Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. ser. 2, 1. 139. South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 568). Hb. Kew. 18. Lupinus mexicanns, Cerv. in DC. Prodr. ii. p. 408 ; Bot. Eeg. t. 457. South Mexico, volcanic rocks of Popocatepetl, at 10,000 to 11,000 feet, almost the upper limit of vegetation (Galeotti, 3369), Tacubaya (Aschenbom). 19. Lnpinus montanus, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 478. South Mexico, Nevada de Toluca, 9000 to 10,200 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland), forests of Cerro de San Felipe, Oaxaca, 8000 to 9500 feet (Galeotti, 3198). 20. Lupinus mutabilis, Sweet, Fl. Gard. ser. 1, t. 130. Mexico (Be Berghes). LEGUMINOS.E. 231 21. Lupinus pilosissimus, Mart, et Gal. in BuU. Acad. Brux. x. 2, p. 37. South Mexico, Cerro de San Felipe, Oaxaca, 8000 to 9500 feet (Galeotti, 3199). 22. LupillUS pulchellus, Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. ser. 2, t. 67. Mexico (Mackenzie). Hb. Kew. 23. Lupinus pusillus, Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. ii. p. 468. North America, Bocky Mountains southward to — North Mexico, Sonora, in various parts (Parry & Smith). 24. Lupinus ramosissimus, Benth. in Lindl. Bot. Eeg. xxxi. t. 25. Mexico. 25. Lupinus Stipulatus, Agardh fil. Syn. Gen. Lup. p. 38. South Mexico, Tlalpuxahua (Graham, 169 ; Ascheribom, 541). Hb. Kew. 26. Lupinus sylvaticus, Hb. Kew. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 131); South Mexico, around Toluca (Andrieux, 446), Desierto Viejo (Bourgeau, 732, 773), without locality (Tate). Hb. Kew. 27. Lupinus Uncinatus, Schl. in Linnsea, xii. p. 333. South Mexico, Mineral del Monte (Ehrenberg). 28. Lupinus vaginatus, Ch. et Schl. in Linnaea, v. p. 590. South Mexico, peak of Orizaba, 9000 to 12,000 feet (Linden, 696), limits of phane- rogamic vegetation on Popocatepetl, 12,000 feet (Galeotti, 3368), Nevada of Toluca, at 11,500 feet, in sheltered plains (Galeotti, 3360) ; Guatemala, Volcan de Fuego, 11,000 to 13,000 feet (Salvin & Godman). Hb. Kew. 29. Lupinus, sp. South Mexico, Popocatepetl (Christy). Hb. Kew. 30. Lupinus, sp. C? L. cytisoides, Agardh.) North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer). Hb. Kew. 31. LupillUS, sp. Panama, Boquete (Seemann). Hb. Kew. \Ulex europceus, Linn., var. a, introduced into Mexico between Eegla and Grande (Ehrenberg) : Schlechtendal, Linnsea, xii. p. 380. Spartium junceum, Linn., introduced in Mexico (Eegewisch), hedges in valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 72): Schlechtendal, Linnsea, xii. p. 380 ; Hb. Kew.] Tribe TEIFOLIE^). Six genera of herbaceous, rarely woody plants. The genus Trifolium has nearly the same area of distribution as the tribe. x 232 LEG-TJMINOS^E. [Melilotus parviflora, Desf., introduced from Europe, and now common in many- parts of Mexico, as Sonora and Chihuahua {Torrey), near Mexico (Ehrenberg), banks of streams and in wet places, at Acultzingo, 4000 feet, and Misteca Alta, near Petioles, 7000 feet (Galeotti, 3244, 3245). Medicago dentieulata, Willd., occurs as an introduced weed in many parts of Mexico, as fields of Yavesia, Oaxaca, at 7000 feet (Galeotti, 3142 ; Bourgeau, 78). M. Iwpulina, Linn., introduced near Mexico (Ehrenberg). M. sativa, Linn., intro- duced and now widely spread in Mexico; collected by Bates, Graham, Botteri, Edwards, &c] 3. TRIFOLIUM. Trifolium, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 896 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 487. Nearly 280 species have been described by various authors ; but there are perhaps not more than 150 well-marked species. They are all herbaceous, and most numerous in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. A few occur in the mountains of Tropical America, and a few in Extratropical South America and South Africa. 1. Trifolium amabile, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 503, t. 593. Noeth Mexico, San Luis Potosi (Virlet d'Aoust, 929; Parry & Palmer, 136); South Mexico, valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 76, 577), in meadows near Toluca, at . 8280 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland), Orizaba (Botteri, 407, 705 ; Bourgeau, 2519), Ciudad Eeal (Linden, 749), Eeal del Monte (Coulter, 562), without localities (Berlandier, Salle, Graham, Bates, &c); Guatemala, Volcan de Fuego, 8300 feet (Salvin); Costa Pica, Volcan de Irazu (CErsted), wet meadows, Angostura (PolaTcowslcy). — Southward through Colombia and Peru. Hb. Kew. Var. longifoliolum, Hemsl. Foliolis lineari-oblongis usque 16 lineas longis, obtusis vel utrinque acutis. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 134) ; South Mexico, Orizaba (Botteri, 703). Hb. Kew. Although very different in its leaves from typical T. amabile, we have not succeeded in finding other distinguishing characters. 2. Trifolium involucratum, Willd. Sp. PI. iii. p. 1372 ; Kunth, PI Leg t. 53. Trifolium fimbriatum, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1070. California, Colorado, New Mexico to— North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 135), Mabibi, Sonora (Thurber), Monterey (Edwards), Zacatecas (Hartweg) ; South Mexico, Eegla, 6000 to 8000 feet (Galeotti, 3352), by ditches and in damp meadows, Omitlan, Mineral del Monte (Ehrenberg), near Valladolid, 6000 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland), valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 75). Hb. Kew. LEGUMINOS^. 233 3. Trifolium mexicanum, n. sp. Perenne (?), caulibus usque sesquipedalibus, foliolis majusculis ovato-oblongis lanceolato-oblongis vel ellipticis aculeolato-serrulatis, capitulis multifloris ebracteatis, floribus longiuscule pedi- cellatis, calycis lobis setaceo-subulatis quam tubus triplo longioribus. Herba perennis vel biennis, cito glabrescens, radice crassa, caulibus adscendentibus usque sesqui- pedabbus. Folia longe petiolata, trifoliolata ; foliola brevissime petiolulata, lanceolato-oblonga, ovato-oblonga, elliptica vel fere orbicularia, usque 16 lin. longa et 8 lin. lata, obtusa vel mucronulato-obtusa, plus minusve aculeolato-serrulata ; stipulse latse, integrae vel hie illic serrulatse, setaceo-acuminatae. Flores subumbellati, 4-5 lin. longi ; umbellae multiflorae (20-40), ebracteatae, pedicellis 1-3 lin. longis; calycis lobi setaceo-subulati, tubo triplo longiores; petala ut in T. amabili, sed fere duplo majora; ovarium biovulatum. North Mexico, region of San LuisPotosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 137) ; South Mexico, Orizaba (JBotteri, 704), without locality (Graham), Real del Monte, Zimapan, &c. (Coulter). Hb. Kew. This species has nearly all the floral characters of T. amabile, except that the flowers are larger and the calyx-lobes relatively longer ; but it is altogether a more robust plant, with large leaves and numerous distinctly stalked flowers in each head or umbel. Possibly it may be only a vigorous state of T. amabile. 4. Trifolium pauciflorum, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i. p. 319. Utah southward to — North Mexico, Sonora. 5. Trifolium reflexum, Linn. Sp. Pi. p. 1079. Florida, Arkansas, Texas. — South Mexico, near Jalapa &c. (Schiede & JDeppe), Mineral del Monte (Ehrenberg). We have not seen Mexican specimens of this species. 6. Trifolium rhombeum, Schauer, in Linnsea, xx. p. 740. South Mexico, locality not indicated (Aschenborn, 164). 7. Trifolium variegatum, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i. p. 317. California. — North Mexico, Sonora (Thurber). Tribe LOTEtE. Eight genera are included in this tribe ; and the species are most numerous in the Mediterranean, but are widely dispersed. They are mostly herbs, rarely shrubby. 4. HOSACKIA. Hosackia, Dougl. ex Benth. in Bot. Reg. t. 1257 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 491. An exclusively American genus of herbs and undershrubs, consisting of about twenty- five species, mostly natives of Western North America from Mexico to British Columbia. 1. Hosackia angustifolia, G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. p. 200. Hosackia mexicana, Benth. biol. cent.-amer., Bot. Vol. 1. Feb. 1880. 2 h 234 LEGUMLSrOS^E. South Mexico, Real del Monte {Coulter, 621), woods at 6000 to 7500 feet, Oaxaca (Galeotti, 3169), without precise locality (Jurgensen, 660). Var. foliis latioribus, floribus pallidioribus, an species distinctal, Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald,' p. 279. North Mexico, Sierra Madre (Seemann, 2180), region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 140). Hb. Kew. 2. Hosackia brachycarpa, Benth. Pi. Hartw. p. 306. California.— North Mexico, Sonora. 3. Hosackia puberula, Benth. PI. Hartw. p. 305. Texas, New Mexico, and California to— North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 141), mountains of Chihuahua (Potts), without habitat (Halsted). Var. nana, A. Gray. North Mexico, Ojo de Vaca, Chihuahua (Thurber), Sonora (Smith). 4. Hosackia purshiana, Benth. in Bot. Reg. sub t. 1257. Hosackia elata, floribunda, mollis etpilosa, Nutt. North Carolina, Missouri, and Arkansas to — North Mexico, Sonora (Wright). 5. Hosackia rigida, Benth. PI. Hartw. p. 305. Hosackia puberula, A. Gray, PI. Wright, ii. p. 42, nee Benth. California, New Mexico. — North Mexico, Ojo de Vaca, Chihuahua (Thurber). Tribe GALEGE.E. Upwards of fifty genera, widely dispersed. The species are shrubby or herbaceous ; a few only arboreous. 5. PSORALEA. Psoralea, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 894; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 491. Herbs and shrubs. Nearly 100 species, of which forty are South-African, eleven Australian, scarcely six South-American, and ten are dispersed in the tropical and temperate regions of Asia, Europe, and North Africa. 1. Psoralea esculenta, Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. ii. p. 475, t. 22. Western North America from the Red River southward. — North Mexico, Sonora (Parry). 2. Psoralea floribunda, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i. p. 298. Oregon and Missouri to — North Mexico, Sonora (Torrey). 3. Psoralea melanocarpa, Benth. MSS. in Hb. Kew. Puberula, ramis teretibus, foliis petiolatis pinnatim trifoliolatis, foliolis ovato-lanceolatis mucronu- latis supra densissime glanduloso-punctatis, stipulis lineari-subulatis, racemis paucifloris densis LEOUMINOS^:. 235 longe pedunculatis, floribus parvis brevissime pedicellatis, calyce alte 5-partito, carina quam alse et vexillum breviore, ovario superne pubescente,.legumine sicco nigro tuberculato grosse reticulato. Herba vel sufHrutex, ramis teretibus, graciliusculis, puberulis. Folia petiolata, pinnatim trifoHolata, 3-5-pollicaria, petiolo et rhachi gracili; foliola breviter petiolulata, membranacea, ovato- lanceolata, 1-2^-pollicaria, lateraha minora, basi rotundata, apice obtusa et mucronulata, utrinque parcissime puberula, supra densissime glanduloso-punctata ; stipulse lineari-sub.ulatae, ad 4 lineas longse, deciduse. Flores vix 4 lin. longi, racemosi, brevissime pedicellati ; racemi pauciflori, densi, longe pedunculati, pedunculis gracilibus nudis, 3-6-pollicaribus ; calyx puberulus, glandulosus, alte 5-partitus, lobis lanceolatis, acutis, trinerviis, 2 snperioribus brevi- oribus, inferiore longissimo ; petala quam calyx paulo longiora ; vexillum oblongo-obovatum, inappendiculatum ; carina et alae graciliter unguiculatse, apice rotundatae, carina quam vexillum et alse brevior; ovarium superne pilosum. Legumen sessile, oblique ovatum, cornutum, ad semipollicare, siccum nigrum, tuberculatum et grosse reticulatum. South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 561). Hb. Kew. 4. Psoralea pentaphylla, Linn. Sp. PL p. 1076 ; Juss. Act. Acad. Paris. 1744, p. 381, t. 17. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 142) ; South Mexico, Leon (Hartweg). Hb. Kew. 6. APOPLANESIA. Apoplanesia,Vxes\, Symb. Bot. i. p. 63; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 492. The only species ; a shrub. 1. Apoplanesia paniculata, Presl, Symb. Bot. i. p. 63, t. 41. Microlobium glandulosum, Liebm. in Vidensk. Meddel. 1853, p. 104. South Mexico, Santiago Estata, Oaxaca (Liebmann, 120). Hb. Kew. 7. MAEINA. Marina, Liebm. in Vidensk. Meddel. 1853, p. 103; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 492. The only species ; a slender annual herb : — 1. Marina gracilis, Liebm. in Vidensk. Meddel. 1853, p. 103. South Mexico, in dry barren fields, near Equitla, in the valley of Oaxaca (Liebmann). 8. EYSENHAEDTIA. "■ ' Eysenhardtia, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 489 (Viborquia, Ortega, Dec. p. 66, t. 9) ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 492. A genus of four or five shrubby species, endemic in Texas and Mexico. 1. Eysenhardtia adenostylis, Baill. Adans. ix. p. 239. Guatemala (Savage). Hb. Paris. 2A2 236 leguminos^:. 2. Eysenhardtia amorphoides, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 491, t. 592. New Mexico, Texas. — Noeth Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 143), Monterey (Eaton & Edwards), Cerro de Pinal (Seemann, 1535), Coahuila, Chihuahua, and Sonora (ex Torrey), Monterey (Berlandier, 630) ; South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 626), Misteca Alta (Oaleotti, 3236), Tacubaya (Bourgeau, 82 ; Schaffner, 221 ; Bilimek, 108), between Mexico and Toluca (Andrieux, 449), near San Augustin de las Cuevas and Guanaxuato, 6600 to 7200 feet (Humboldt & Bcmpland), Chapultepec, &c. (Ehrenberg). Hb. Kew. 3. Eysenhardtia spinosa, Engelm. in A. Gray, PI. Lindh. p. 174. Noeth Mexico, on Lake Encinillas, north of Chihuahua (Wislizenus). 4. Eysenhardtia, sp. South Mexico, Valladolid, Michoacan, 7000 to 8000 feet (GaleoUi, 3356). Hb. Paris. 9. AMOEPHA. Amorpha, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 861 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 492. About eight shrubby species, endemic in North America. 1. Amorpha californica, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, FL N. Amer. i. p. 306; Watson, Bot. Calif, i. p. 140. Amorpha fruticosa, Torr. Bot. U. S. Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 53, nee Linn. Califoenia. — Noeth Mexico, Mabibi, Sonora (Thurber). 2. Amorpha laevigata, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. i. p. 306. Var. pubescens, Gray, PI. Wright, i. p. 49. Noeth Mexico, on the Eio Grande and southward (Schott). The typical plant is a native of Aeeansas. 3. Amorpha rabiae, Llav. et Lex. Nov. Veg. Descr. i. p. 22. Mexico, 10. DALEA. Dalea, Linn. Hort. Cliff, p. 363 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 493. An American genus of herbs and shrubs. Upwards of 100 species, whereof two or three are Chilian, ten (or more) grow in the Andes of South America, and two in the Galapagos Islands ; all the rest inhabit Central America, Mexico, and the Southern United States. We have spent a considerable time over this genus; but it requires thorough revision. The forms are exceedingly numerous; and the number of species is probably nearly as high as the named forms enumerated below. LEQUMINOS^E. 237 1. Dalea aCUtifolia, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 245 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 229. South Mexico, San Nicolas, valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 938), without localities {Graham, Keerl). Hb. Kew. 2. Dalea alopecuroides, Nutt. Gen. Am. ii. p. 101 ; Cav. Tc. i. t. 86. Dalea leporina, Ait. Missouri and Illinois. — North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 144), Chihuahua (Potts), Santa Cruz, Sonora (Thurber, Smith) ; South Mexico, Acapulco (Sirtclair), ravines of Eeal del Monte, 5000 feet, and Misteca Alta, 7000 feet (Galeotti, 3348, 3238), near Los Humeros de los Eetumbados (Schiede & Beppe), Orizaba (Botteri, 621), San Nicolas, valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 936), San Angel (Bourgeau, 111), Chapultepec (BilimeJc, 716), region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 2399); Guatemala, near Santa Maria, Volcan de Agua, 6000 to 7000 feet (Salvin & Godman, 332) ; Costa Eica, on the sandy banks of streams (CErsted), on the railroad, San Jose (PolakowsJcy). — Colombia. Hb. Kew. 3. Dalea argyraea, A. Gray, Pi. Wright, i. p. 47. Texas and New Mexico. — North Mexico, Sonora (Wright), San Antonio de las Alanzanes (Gregg). Hb. Kew. 4. Dalea argyrostachys, Hook, et Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 285. Mexico. Hooker and Arnott give no locality for this species. 5. Dalea ayavacensis, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 486? South Mexico, Vera Cruz to Orizaba (Mutter, 1566). Hb. Kew. The typical plant is a native of the States of Colombia. 6. Dalea albiflora, A. Gray, PL Wright, ii. p. 38. New Mexico. — North Mexico, San Pedro and Barbocomori (Wright), San Pedro, Sonora (Thurber). Hb. Kew. 7. Dalea Tberlandieri, A. Gray, in Proc. Am. Acad. v. p. 177, in adnot. North Mexico, San Carlos Tamaulipas (Berlandier, 942, 2372). Hb. Kew. 8. Dalea brachystachys, A. Gray, PI. Wright, ii. p. 39. New Mexico. — North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 159), Sonora (Thurber), on the Sonoita and San Pedro (Wright). Hb. Kew. 9. Dalea calyCOSa, A. Gray, PL Wright, ii. p. 40. North Mexico, hills near deserted rancho, Sonora (Wright). 10. Dalea canescens, Mart, et Gal. in Bull. Acad. Brux. x. pars 2, p. 43. South Mexico, near Tehuacan de las Granadas, Puebla, 5500 feet (Galeotti, 3219). Hb. Kew. 238 LEGTJMINOS.E. 11. Dalea Cinerea, Moric. ex Benth. MSS. in Hb. Kew. Texas. — North Mexico, in mountains near San Carlos, Tamaulipas (Berlandier) ; South Mexico, Chiapas (Ghiesbreght, 581). 12. Dalea citriodora, Willd. SP. PL iii. p. 1339. Psoralea citriodora, Cav. Ic. iii. p. 36, t. 271. ? Dalea polyphylla, Mart, et Gal. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry 8f Palmer, 145) ; South Mexico, near Los Humeros de Los Ketumbados (Schiede 8f Beppe), Eegla (Ehrenberg), State of Mexico (Hegewisch), mountains of Oaxaca, 5000 to 7000 feet (Galeotti, 3150), valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 770, 937; Schaffner, 119, 33), near Guanaxuato (Mender). — Colombia. Hb. Kew. 13. Dalea cliffortiana, Willd. Sp. PI. iii. p. 1336 ; Linn. Hort. Cliff, p. 363, t. 21. South Mexico, between Mesachica and Mapilque, in meadows (Schiede & Beppe). 14. Dalea COmosa, Schl. in Linnsea, xii. p. 289. South Mexico, Mineral del Monte, Cuesta Blanca (JEhrenberg). 15. Dalea crassifolia, n. sp. Fruticosa vel suffruticosa, ramis elongatis rectis crassiusculis, foliolis 25-35-jugis glaberrimis glaucis nigro-punctatis parvis oblongis creberrimis rhachique crassis, floribus densissime spicatis, spicis multifloris bracteatis, bracteis ovato-caudatis cito deciduis, calycis lobis lineari-subulatis, vexillo inappendiculato, staminibus 10, ovario piloso biovulato. Frutex vel suffrutex, ramis elongatis, rectis, crassiusculis, striatis, glabris. Folia crebra, fere sessilia, ad bipollicaria, glaberrima, glauca, nigro punctata; f oliola 25-35-juga, creberrima, sessilia, oblonga, 1^-2 lineas longa, obtusa (in siccis supra concava, subtus convexa) rhachique crassa, subcar- nosa, evenia. Mores albo-purpurei vel albo-rosei vel flavo-rosei, densissime spicati ; spicse multi- florse, longmscule pedunculatse, bracteatae, bracteis ovato-caudatis, sericeo-pilosis quam flores longioribus, cito deciduis ; calycis longissime denseque fulvo-sericeo-pilosi lobi lineares, subu- lati, tubo longiores ; vexillum longe graciliterque unguiculatum, cordatum, inappendiculatum, carina et alse oblique ellipticse, unguibus tubo stamineo ad medium adnatis sed facile diremptis ; stamina 10, dorsali libero longiore ; ovarium pilosum, biovulatum, stylo piloso demum exserto. Fructus maturus ignotus. — D. pectinata, H. B. K. ? Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald,' p. 279. North Mexico, Sierra Madre (Seemann, 2190). Hb. Kew. Allied to J), pectinata, H. B. K., but easily distinguished from that species by its stouter habit, less numerous, broader, thicker leaflets, thicker rhachis, more numerous flowers in the spikes, and shorter stouter peduncles. 16. Dalea decora, Schauer, in Linnsea, xx. p. 743. South Mexico, Oaxaca (Aschenbom, 255, 270). 17. Dalea diffusa, Moric in Mem. Geneve, vi. p. 533. Dalea gracilis, Hook. & Am. Dalea ramosissima, Mart, et Gal. Carroa diffusa, Presl. Carroa glandulosa, Presl, Sym. Bot. ii. t. 71. LEGUMINOS^I. 239 Texas.— North Mexico, San Luis Potosi to Tampico {Palmer, 1047), Cerro de Pinal (Seemann) ; South Mexico, Vera Cruz to Orizaba (Muller) ; Acapulco (Binds), woods on the Pacific coast, Oaxaca (Galeotti, 3162), Tepic (Barclay, Sinclair), valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1757), region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 3364) ; Guatemala, Salama,, 3000 feet (Salvin & Godman), Camino del Sapote (Bernoulli, 235) ; Nicaragua, Segovia ((Ersted). — Also in Venezuela. Hb. Kew. 18. Dalea domingensis, DC. ii. p. 246. Dalea vulneraria, var. «. brevidens, (Erst. Texas; New Mexico. — North Mexico, Victoria de Tamaulipas (Berlandier, 2266), San Luis Potosi to Tampico (Palmer, 1049) ; South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bour- geau, 1540), Vera Cruz to Orizaba (Muller), savannas at 3000 feet, Cordillera of Vera Cruz (Galeotti, 3280), Papantla (Schiede & Deppe); Guatemala, mountains (Hartweg). — Southward to Venezuela and Colombia. Hb. Kew. 19. Dalea ehrenbergii, Schl. in Linnsea, xii. p. 290. South Mexico, in calcareous soil near Grande (Ehrenberg), Oaxaca (Aschenborn, 479). 20. Dalea elata, Hook, et Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 416, nee Mart, et Gal. South Mexico, Acapulco (Sinclair). Hb. Kew. 21. Dalea elata, Mart, et Gal. in Bull. Acad. Brux. x. pars 2, p. 41, nee Hook. et Arn. North Mexico, Sierra Madre (Seemann); South Mexico, Mirador (Linden, 721), savannas of Zacuapan, at 2000 to 3000 feet (Galeotti, 3264). Hb. Kew. This is probably a variety of J), citriodora. 22. Dalea emoryi, A. Gray, PI. Thurb. p. 315. Colorado ; Arizona. — North Mexico, Sonora (Thurber). Hb. Kew. 23. Dalea ervoides, Benth. in Hemsley, Diag. PL Nov. pars 1, p. 6. Herbacea, annua, ramosa, eglandulosa, ramis gracilibus, foliis strigoso-hispidis, foliolis 1-2-jugis interdum 3-jugis, distantibus lineari-lanceolatis acutis, floribus parvis spicatis, spicis pauci- floris congestis bracteatis, bracteis ovato-lanceolatis valde acuminatis calyeibusque strigilloso- hispidis. Herba annua, habitu_Em cujusdam, erecta vel diffusa, 3-12-pollicaria, ramosa vel fere simplicicaubs, ramis teretibus gracilibus debilibus. Folia petiolata, eglandulosa, utrinque plus minusve fulvo- strigilloso-bispida, rhachi tenui, usque 9 lin. longa ; foliola 3-7, breviter petiolulata, deflecta, distantia, lineari-lanceolata, 3-6 lin. longa, acuta ; stipulae elongato-subulatse, persistentes. Flores vix 3 bn. longi, purpurei, spicati; spicae pauciflorse, breves, congestse, longe graciliterque pedunculatse, bracteatse, bracteis OYato-lanceolatis, valde acuminatis, calycem aequantibus caly- cibusque eglandulis et strigilloso-hispidis ; calyx 5-partitus; lobi lineari-subulati, tubo a3qui- longi ; tubus 10-costatus, intra costas pellucidus, costis nigris ; vexillum liberum, graciliter unguiculatum, limbo cordato-orbiculari ; alae et carina ellipticse quam calyx paulo longiores, unguibus tubo stamineo confluentibus ; stamina 10, filamentis ad medium connatis ; ovarium strigillosum, biovulatum, stylo filiformi, stigmate acuto. 240 LEGUMINOS^:. South Mexico, Eeal del Monte (Coulter, 537), Cuantepec (Bourgeau, 1054 ; Tate, without locality). Hb. Kew. Berlandier's no. 2053, from Texas, is probably the same species; but the specimens at Kew are in a very young state. In habit this species approaches D. brachystachys and D. polygonoides, A. Gray ; but both of these species are conspicuously glandular, independently of other differences. Possibly it may be the same as D. inconspicua, Schauer, of which we have seen no specimens. 24. Dalea eysenhardtioides, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 6. Fruticosa, fulvo-puberula, ramulis gracilibus, foliolis 4-6-jugis obovato-oblongis mucronulatis petio- lulatis, floribus albis parvis spicatis, calyce 10-costato prseter marginem glabro, vexillo cucullato- orbiculari, filamentis vix ad medium connatis, antheris inconspicue glandulosis, ovario (an semper?) uniovulato. Frutex erectus, glaber, ramulis gracilibus, teretibus, fulvo-puberulis, obsolete glandulosis. Folia 1-2- pollicaria, glabra; foliola 7,-13Jinterdum pauciora, distincte petiolulata, obovato-oblonga, 6-8 lin. longa, mucronulata, utrinque nigro punctulata ; stipulae subulatse, cito deciduae. Flares sessiles, albi, odorati, parvi, spicati, bracteati ; spicse angustse, elongate, paniculatae, bracteis calyci aequa- longis, lanceolato-subulatis, ante anthesin deciduis ; calyx fuscus, nitidus, 10-costatus, vix 1 lin. longus, leviter obliquus, 5-dentatus, dentibus parvis, cuspidulatis, furfuraceis, tubo glabro ; petala subaequilonga, ad 2| lin. longa ; vexillum unguiculatum, liberum, cucullato-orbiculare ; ales et carina oblongse ; stamina 10, petalis breviora, filamentis vix ad medium connatis, antheris in- conspicue glandulosis; ovarium glabrum (an semper?), uniovulatum, stylo filiformi, stigmate punctiformi. South Mexico, woods near the Pacific Ocean in the Cordillera of Oaxaca, at an ele- vation of 4000 to 7000 feet (Galeotti, 7013 ; Ghiesbreght). Hb. Kew. Allied to the North-American D. leucostachys. 25. Dalea flliformis, A. Gray, PL Wright, ii. p. 39. New Mexico. — North Mexico, between Janos and Santa Maria river, Sonora (Schott). Hb. Kew. 26. Dalea flavorosea, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 246 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 233. Mexico. 27. Dalea flava, Mart, et Gal. (Char, emend.) Herbacea, ramosa, ramis angulatis pubescentibus, foliolis 8-13-jugis cano-villosulis parvis sessilibus confertis oblongo-ellipticis subtus conspicue nigro-punctulatis, floribus parvis dense spicatis calyce villoso 10-costato inter costas glandulis magnis lineari-oblongis consperso 5-partito petala sequante, carina absque tubo stamineo alte adhaerentibus. Herba annua, erecta, ramosa, ramis angulatis pubescentibus. Folia breviter petiolata, cano-villosula angusta, usque bipollicaria, rhacbi tenui ; foliola 17-25, conferta, sessilia, oblongo-elliptica vel obovata, 2-3 lin. longa, subtus conspicue nigro punctata ; stipulse subulatee, 1-1 a lin. longa. Flores lutei, sericeo-villosi, vix 3 lin. longi, spicati, bracteati ; spicae breves, densse, bracteis lan- ceolatis, acuminatis, quam calyx longioribus; calyx villosus, 5-partitus; tubus prominenter 10- costatus, inter costas glandulis magnis, lineari-oblongis munitus ; lobi lineari-subulati inter se LEG-UMINOS.E. 241 subineequales, petala fere sequantes ; vexillum liberum, longe unguiculatum, limbo orbiculari- cucullato ; carina et alae oblique oblongse, unguibus tubo stamineo adhserentibus ; stamina 10, filamentis alte cohserentibus ; ovarium villosum, biovulatum, stylo filiformi, stigmate acuto. South Mexico, humid ravines of Mirador and Zacuapan, at 3000 feet (Galeotti, 3405). Hb. Kew. This species is very near our B. similis, and is here described in full for comparison with that species. The original description is very imperfect and quite insufficient to identify the plant; but there are typical specimens at Kew, from which the above description was drawn up. 28. Dalea foraiOSa, Torr. in Ann. Lye. N. York, ii. p. 178 ; Emory, Notes, t. 1. Texas; California; New Mexico. — North Mexico, Coahuila, Sonora (Torrey). Hb. Kew. 29. Dalea frutescens, A. Gray, PI. Lindh. iL p. 175. Texas ; New Mexico. — North Mexico, near Monterey (Eaton & Edwards, 16). Hb. Kew. 30. Dalea greggii, A. Gray, PL Thurb. p. 315. North Mexico, Sierra del Pajarito, Sonora (Schott), Cerro Gordo, Durango (Thurber, 827), dry hills near Buena Vista, Coahuila, and Cerro Gordo (Gregg). Hb. Kew. 31. Dalea guatemalensis, Benth. MSS. in hb. Kew. Guatemala (Wendland). Hb. Kew. Very near, if not the same as, D. phymatodes, Willd. 32. Dalea hypoglottidea, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 245. Mexico. 33. Dalea inCOnspicua, Schauer in Linnaea, xx. p. 744. South Mexico, Oaxaca (Aschenbom, 461). 34. Dalea insignis, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 7. (Tab. XV.) Herbacea, erecta, robusta, glabra, foliis amplis, foliolis 4-6-jugis, stipulis semisagittatis amplissimis scariosis nigro-venosis aristatis, floribus dense spicatis, bracteis magnis stipulis simillimis flores amplectentibus. Herba glabra, robusta, erecta. Folia 3-4-pollicaria, rhachi gracili ; foliola 9-13, distantia, breviter petiolulata, oblongo-elliptica, 6-9 lin. longa, cuspidato-mucronata, subtus dense punctulata ; stipulse scariosse, nigro-venosse, ad 6 lin. longse, semisagittatse, apice aristatse, persistentes, petiolo basi adhserentes. Flores purpurei, dense spicati, bracteati ; bractese amplae, stipulis simillimae, 7-nervse, longe aristatse, convolutse, flores amplectentes, arista rigidiuscula, curvata ; calyx mem- branaceus, 5-dentatus, 5-costatus, dentibus brevibus triangularibus obtusis ; petala fere sequi- longa ; vexillum liberum, longe graciliterque unguiculatum, suborbiculatum ; alse et carina tubo stamineo ad medium adhserentes, priores ovato-oblongse, basi leviter obliquae, auriculatse ; sta- mina 10, monadelpha, omnia antherifera ; ovarium glabrum, 2-ovulatum, ovulis collateralibus, stylo filiformi, stigmate punctiformi. South Mexico, Vera Cruz to Orizaba (Miiller, 228). Hb. Kew. biol. CENTR.-AMER., Bot. Vol. 1, Feb. 1880. 2 i 242 LEQUMINOSjE. A very remarkable and distinct species in its large stipules and bracts ; but there appears to be no floral character to separate it from this genus. EXPLANATION OP TAB. XV. Portion of plant, natural size. Pig. 1, a flower enclosed in the bract ; 2, standard ; 3, wing ; 4, keel, the claw represented too long ; 5, andrcecium, more enlarged and showing the scar where the petals were attached; 6, ovary and calyx; 7, bract. 35. Dalea lachnantha, Schauer in Linnsea, xx. p. 743. South Mexico, in grassy places, mountains of Oaxaca (Aschenborn, 274). 36. Dalea lachnostachys, A. Gray, PI. Wright, i. p. 46. Texas ; New Mexico. — Noeth Mexico, Chihuahua (Potts), Sierra Madre (Seemann, 2182). Hb. Kew. 37. Dalea laBvigata, A. Gray, PI. Wright, i. p. 39. Texas; New Mexico. — Noeth Mexico, between Janos and Santa Maria river (Bigelow), Santa Cruz, Sonora (Smith), on the Chiricahui mountains and on the Barbacomori (Wright). 38. Dalea lagopus, Willd. Sp. PI. iii. p. 1340. Psoralea lagopus, Cav. Ic. t. 86. Mexico, without locality (Aschenborn, 459). 39. Dalea lanuginosa, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, PL N. Am. i. p. 307. Texas ; New Mexico.— Noeth Mexico, Coahuila and Chihuahua (Torrey). 40. Dalea lasiostachya, Benth. Pi. Hartw. p. 11. ? Dalea argyrostachys, Hook, et Am. Noeth Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 149, 150, and 155) ; South Mexico, without locality (Graham), Chiapas (Ghiesbreght), Tepic (Lay & Collie). Hb. Kew. 41. Dalea laxiflora, Schl. in Linnsea, xii. p. 293. Mexico, without any precise locality (Eegewisch). 42. Dalea leptoclados, Benth. MSS. in hb. Kew. South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 534). Hb. Kew. 43. Dalea leucostachys, A. Gray, PI. Fendl. i. p. 32, adnot. Noeth Mexico, Cosiquiriachi, Sierra Madre (Wislizenus). 44. Dalea leilCOStoma, Schl. in Linnsea, xii. p. 294. Noeth Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 153) ; South Mexico, Real del Monte (Coulter, 546 ; Eartweg, 282), Chiapas (Linden, 744)', Oaxaca (Aschenborn), Montezuma, near Cuantepec (Bourgeau, 1055). Hb. Kew. LEGTTMINOS^E. 243 45. Dalea lutea, Willd. Sp. PI. iii. p. 1341. Dalea ovalifolia, Orteg. Dec. p. 30, t. 3. Psoralea lutea, Cav. Ic. t. 325. South Mexico, Villalpando {Mender), Puebla (Aschenbom, 448). Hb. Kew. 46. Dalea macrOStachya, Moric. in 'Mem. Geneve, vi. p. 534, t. 5. New Spain. 47. Dalea macrotropis, Schauer in Linna:a, xx. p. 742. South Mexico, mountains of Oaxaca (Aschenborn, 311). 48. Dalea melantha, Schauer in Linna;a, xx. p. 746. South Mexico, Oaxaca (Aschenborn, 204). 49. Dalea microphylla, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 482. South Mexico, in the neighbourhood of Tacubaya (Schaffner, 15), woods at 6000 to 7000 feet, Oaxaca (Galeotti, 3152), without localities (Mairet, Alaman, Bates & Tate), valley of Santa Fe (Bourgeau, 327), Chapultepec and Pedregal (Bilimek, 119, 118, 121, 122).— Peeu. Hb. Kew. 50. Dalea mollis, Benth. PL Hartw. p. 306 ; A. Gray, PI. Wright, i. p. 47. California; New Mexico; Texas. — North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 161). Hb. Kew. 51. Dalea mucronata, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 246. Dalea aristata, Benth. PL Hartw. p. 11. South Mexico, without localities (Graham, Parkinson). Hb. Kew. 52. Dalea mutabilis, Willd. Sp. PI. iii. p. 1339 ; Bot. Mag. t. 2486. Dalea bicolor, Willd. Hort. Berol. ii. t. 89. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 166) ; South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 538), Orizaba (Botteri, 678), Chalco (Andrieux, 448), Llanos de Perote (Schiede), Guaxataco (Plotz), valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 73), Cha- pultepec (Bilimek, 123). Hb. Kew. 53. Dalea nana, Torr. PI. Fendl. p. 31. Texas ; New Mexico ; California. — North Mexico (ex Brewer & Watson, Bot. Calif). 54. Dalea naviculifblia, Hemsley, Diag. PL Nov. pars 1, p. 7. Fruticosa, ramis gracilibus foliisque gland uloso-punctatis, foliolis parvis 7-10-jugis breviter petio- lulatis crebris oblongis acutis supra concavis sparse pilosis subtus glaucis convexis carinatis nigro-punctatis, floribus (albis ?) minimis spicatis, spicis rufo-pubescentibus, calyce spadiceo 10-costato dentibus exceptis glaberrimo. Frutese glandulosus, ramis gracilibus teretibus. Folia breviter petiolata, ad pollicaria ; foliola 15-21 breviter petiolulata, oblonga, naviculiformia, 1-1^ lin. longa, crebra, subtus glauca, nigro punc- tata, supra sparse pilosa; stipulae minutae, subulatse. Flores ad 2 lin. longi (albi ?), laxe spicati bracteati; spicse elongatse, pedunculatse, rufo-pubescentes, bracteis ovatis, longe acuminatis, 2 1 2 244 LEGUMINOStE. quam calyx brevioribus persistentibus ; calyx spadiceus, pellucidus, 10-costatus, glandulosus, brevissime 5-dentatus, dentibus rufo-villosis ; vexillum orbiculaturn, liberum, petalis ceteris ellipticis, tubo stamineo adhserentibus, alis basi auriculatis ; ovarium glabrum, 2-ovulatum. South Mexico, without locality (Bates). Hb. Kew. This is near D. Schaffneri, &c, but is easily distinguished by its boat-shaped leaves sparsely hairy inside (that is, on the upper surface). 55. Dalea nigra, Mart, et Gal. in Bull. Acad. Brux. x. pars 2, p. 43. Dalea elegans, Hook, et Arn. South Mexico, Mirador (Linden, 720; Galeotti, 3263), Orizaba (Botteri, 623), valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1542) ; Guatemala, without localities (Skinner & Bernoulli, 137). Hb. Kew. 56. Dalea nutans, Willd. Sp. Pi. iii. p. 1339. Dalea crenulata, Hook, et Arn. Psoralea nutans, Cav. Ic. t. 201. South Mexico, Oaxaca (Ghiesbreght), valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 326), Zimapan (Coulter, 544), Chiapas (Ghiesbreght, 586), without localities (Bates, Graham, Hahn, Keerl, Beechey, Mender, and Berlandier). Hb. Kew. 57. Dalea pectinata, Kunth, Pi. Leg. p. 169, t. 49. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 146) ; South Mexico, near Villalpando, 7980 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland), Aguas Calientes (Hartweg). Hb. Kew. 58. Dalea phymatodes, Willd. Sp. Pi. iii. p. 1338. Psoralea phymatodes, Jacq. Ic. Ear. iii. t. 563. Dalea vulneraria, var. 2 292 LEGUMINOS^:. 1. Vicia exigua, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i. p. 272. New Mexico ; California. — North Mexico, Chihuahua, ou the banks of Lake Santa Maria (Wright). 2. Vicia humilis, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 498, t. 581. South Mexico, near Morea (Humboldt & Borvpland), Zimapan (Coulter, 583), Orizaba (Botteri, 695), in thickets near Jalapa (Schiede). Hb. Kew. 3. Vicia mexicana, Hemsl. Diag. PI. Nov. pars 3, p. 47. Glabrescens et demum glaberrima, ramis crassiusculis adscendentibus angulatis, foliis ampliusculis sessilibus, foliolis 14-18 petiolulatis linearibus 1-1| poll, longis apiculatis subtrinerviis, stipulis semisagittatis, pedunculis 15-20-floris quam folia longioribus, floribus ad apices pedunculorum confertis brevissime pedicellatis circiter 8-9 lin. longis, calyce parcissime puberulo basi postice saccato, ovario longe stipitato circiter 10-ovulato, stylo sursum hirsute Herba annua vel perennis, ramosa, ramis crassiusculis, adscendentibus angulatis, cito glaberrimis et nitidis, usque bipedalibus et forsan ultra, internodiis brevibus. Folia sessilia, sine cirro 4-5-pollicaria, cito glaberrima et nitida ; f oliola 14-18, breviter petiolulata, saepissime alterna, linearia, ssepe 1-1 J poll, longa, interdum fere 2 poll, longa, apiculata, subtrinervia ; cirro breviusculo, ssepissime alte bifido ; stipulse angustae, semisagittatae, acutissimae, usque semi- pollicares. Flores circiter 8-9 lin. longi, brevissime pedicellati, dense racemosi; racemi 15-20-flori, longe pedunculati, cum pedunculo usque semipedales ; calyx parcissime puberulus, 10-nervius, in33qualiter bilabiatus, labium superius breve, bilobum, lobis latis, fere rotundatis, labium inferum trilobatum, lobis lanceolatis, acutis, antico paulo longiore ; vexillum ellipticum; alse longe unguiculatse, semicordatee, vexillo paulo breviores ; carina longe unguiculata, cucul- lata, alis paulo brevior ; ovarium longe stipitatum, glabrum, circiter 10-ovulatum, stylo superne birsuto. Legurnen ignotum. South Mexico, Oaxaca (QMesbregM). Hb. Kew. This is closely allied to V. pulchella, H. B. K. ; but it is glabrous, except the youngest tips of the branches ; and it is larger in all its parts, the flowers being nearly three times as large. The ovary, too, is borne on a much longer stalk. 4. Vicia pedimculata, Peyr. in Linnsea, xxx. p. 80. South Mexico, Toluca, Cocustepec at 8800 feet (Seller, 374). 5. Vicia pulchella, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 499, t. 583. Texas ; New Mexico ; Arizona— North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 198) ; South Mexico, near Mescala, 1600 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland), Zimapan ( Coulter), woods at 8000 feet, Oaxaca (Galeotti, 3205). Hb. Kew. Var. ■? foliis majoribus etc. North Mexico, San Antonio de las Alanzanes (Gregg). Hb. Kew. 6. Vicia setifolia, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 500. South Mexico, near the city of Mexico (Humboldt & Borland).— Southward to Peru. 7. Vicia sativa, Linn. sP. Pi. p. 1037. South Mexico, Orizaba (Botteri, 696). Hb. Kew. LEGUMINOS^E. 293 This plant has a very wide range of distribution in temperate and warm regions in the northern hemisphere, including North America, though it may have been intro- duced into the locality given above. 44. LATHYEUS. Lathyrus, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 872 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 526. About 100 herbaceous species, generally dispersed in the temperate and subtropical regions of the northern hemisphere ; a few species are indigenous in South America. 1. Lathyrus mexicanilS, Schl. in LinnEea, xii. Litbl. p. 85. South Mexico, valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 85). Hb. Kew. This is probably L. tingitanus, Linn., an Old-world species, now widely diffused as an escape from cultivation. 2. Lathyrus palustris, Linn. Sp. Pi. p. 1034. Widely dispersed in Europe, North Asia, and North America. Var. 1 foliis elongatis angustis etc. (Gray, PL Wright, ii. p. 32). North Mexico, Cohahuila and Sonora. 3. Lathyrus polymorphus, Nutt. Gen. ii. p. 97. Missouri &c. southward. — North Mexico, in wet places, Sonora (Thurber), along the streams between the San Pedro and Santa Cruz, Sonora (Wright). 4. Lathyrus venOSUS, Muhl. in Willd. Sp. PI. iii. p. 1092 ; Torr. & Gr. Fl. N. Am. i. p. 274 % North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 197); South Mexico, without localities (Jurgensen, 817 ; Coulter). Hb. Kew. L. venosus is a very widely dispersed species in North America, from which the Mexican plant may be specifically different. Tribe PHASEOLEiE. Upwards of fifty genera. A large proportion of the species are twining herbs ; and very few are trees. They are mostly natives of warm countries. 45. CENTEOSEMA. Centrosema, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 234; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant i. p. 527. About twenty-five herbaceous or somewhat woody species, natives of South and Central America. One is also widely dispersed in North America, occurs in West Tropical Africa, and is naturalized in Java. 294 LEGUMINOS^E. P 1. Centrosema angustifolium, Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. p. 117. Panama, Isle of Tabogo (Sinclair), in stony places (Seemann, 206).— Colombia, Venezuela, and the West Indies. Hb. Kew. 2. Centrosema dubium, Benth. in Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 528. Rudolphia dubia, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 432, t. 591. South Mexico, Barranca de Tioselo, Hacienda de la Laguna (Schiede).— Colombia. £-3. Centrosema paSCllorum, Mart, ex Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. p. 119. The typical plant is found in the West Indies and Tropical South America. ^ Var. brevifolia. Costa Eica (CErsted). Hb. Kew. Grisebach regards C. pascuorum as a variety of C. virginianum. 4. Centrosema plumieri, Benth. Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. p. 117. South Mexico, Hacienda de la Laguna (Schiede & Beppe), valley of Cordova (Bour- geau, 1672); Honduras, Tigre Island, Gulf of Fonseca (Sinclair); Nicaragua, Kealejo and Granada (CErsted); Costa Eica ((Ersted); Panama, Isle of Taboga (Sinclair), Paraiso railway-station (S. Hayes, 444). — West Indies and Tropical South America. Hb. Kew. 5. Centrosema pubescens, Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. p. 119. Centrosema molle, Mart. Centrosema salzmannii, Benth. South Mexico, Vera Cruz (Galeotti, 3284; Linden, 693), Orizaba (Botteri, 729; Bourgeau, 3181), valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 328), Yucatan and Tabasco (Johnson, 42) ; Guatemala (Friedrichsthal) ; Nicaragua, Gulf of Fonseca (Sinclair), Eealejo (CErsted) ; Costa Eica, Cartago (CErsted) ; Panama, Paraiso railway-station (S. Hayes, 525), Chagres (Fendler, 70). — West Indies and Tropical South America. Hb. Kew. 6. Centrosema virginianum, Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. p. 120. . Clitoria virginiana, Linn. In the Eastern States of North America from Maryland to Florida. — South Mexico near Tantoyuca (Hrvendberg). — Throughout Tropical South America and the West Indies ; it has also been collected in Western Tropical Africa. Hb. Kew. 46. CLITOEIA. Clitoria, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 869 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 528. Herbs or shrubs. About twenty-seven species, widely dispersed in warm countries. ^ 1. Clitoria glycinoides, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 234. Panama, Obispo railway-station (S. Hayes, 312), without locality (Hoisted). — West Indies and Tropical South America. Hb. Kew. 2. Clitoria grandiflora, Mart, et Gal. in Bull. Acad. Brux. x. pars 2, p. 189. Centrosema grandiflorum, Walp. Rep. v. p. 529. LEGTJMINOS^E. 295 South Mexico, oak-woods at Mirador and Zacuapan, at 3000 feet (Galeotti, 3284). In Hb. Kew this number of Galeotti's collection is referred to Centrosema pubescens. 3. Clitoria javitensis, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 42. Neurocarpum javitense, H. B. K. South Mexico, Vera Cruz (Schiede), State of Mexico (Hegewisch) ; Panama, Frijoli railway-station (S. Hayes, 492), without locality (Cuming). — Northern part of South America. Hb. Kew. 4. Clitoria mariana, Linn. Sp. Pi. p. 1026. Clitoria mexicana, Link. In North America from New Jersey, through the Eastern States southward to — South Mexico, Talea (Hartweg), forests of Juquilla in the Cordillera of Oaxaca and woods of El Bincon (Galeotti, 3176, 3146), Vera Cruz (Linden, 689), in thickets between Jalapa and Hualtepec, and near San Andres (Schiede). Hb. Kew. 5. Clitoria ? multiflora, Mart, et Gal. in Bull. Acad. Brux. x. pars 2, p. 188. South Mexico, savannas of Mirador, at 3000 feet, and oak-woods near Comaltepec, on the western slope of Oaxaca (Galeotti, 3232, 3290). 6. Clitoria polystachya, Benth. PL Hartw. p. 60. South Mexico, Talea (Hartweg, 454), San Dionysio, Oaxaca (Andrieux, 463). Hb. Kew. 7. Clitoria portobellensis, Beurling, in Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 1854, p. 119. Panama, mountain woods (Billberg). 8. Clitoria SChiedeana, Schl. in Linnsea, xii. p. 284. South Mexico, in thickets near Jalapa (Schiede). 47. COLOGANIA. Cologania, Kunth, Mim. et PI. Leg. p. 204; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 529. About ten species of twining herbs, inhabiting Mexico and the Andes of South America. 1. Cologania ? affinis, Mart, et Gal. in Bull. Acad. Brux. x. pars 2, p. 188. South Mexico, oak-woods in the German colony of Mirador (Galeotti, 3283). 2. Cologania angustifolia, Kunth, Mim. et PI. Leg. t. 58 ; H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 414. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet {Parry & Palmer, 189, 191, 193) ; South Mexico, between Real de Moran and Actopan (Humboldt & Bon- pland), Zimapan (Coulter), mountain over Arcoalo mine and Chico, and between Tlalpuxahua and Pateo (Graham), Tizapan (Bourgeau, 328). Hb. Kew. 296 LEG-TJMIN0S.3E. 3. Cologania humifllSa, Hemsl. Diag. PI. Nov. pars 3, p. 47. Procumbens, novellis fulvo pilosis, ramis brevibus, foliis brevissime petiolatis trifoholatis, foliolis obovato-ellipticis vel interdum fere orbicularibus subtus venis lateralibus prominentibus, floribus majusculis solitariis vel 2-3 aggregatis subsessihbus vel longiuscule pedunculitis, ovario breviter stipitato ad 16-ovulato, legumine ssepissime polyspermo extus longissime fulvo hispidulo-piloso, seminibus parvis atro-fuscis nitidis compresso-globosis. Herla perennis, radice crassa (sicca interdum 6-8 lin. diametro), subsimplici, ramis procumbentibus brevibus (raro ultra pedabbus), gracihuscubs, crebriuscule Miosis, longe retrorsum hispidulo- pilosis. Folia brevissime petiolata, imparipinnata, rhachi brevissima ; foliola brevissime petio- lulata, obovato-elliptica vel interdum fere orbicularia, 6-12 lin. longa vel diametro (lateraba saepe minora), utrinque prsecipue subtus appresse bispidulo-pilosa (pilis fulvescentibus), in- terdum supra demum glabra, subtrinervia, venis primariis laterabbus subtus prominentibus ; stipulse oblongse, obtusae, circiter 3 lin. longa?. Mores majusculi (12-15 lin. longi), axillares, sobtarii vel 2-3 aggregati, basi bibracteati ; peduncub nunc 3-4 lin. nunc 1-2 poll, longi ; bractese subulatae ; calyx pilosus ; carina et ala? longissime gracibterque unguiculatse, alarum lamina? basi cordatse, carina abs brevior; vexillum amplum, compbcatum, infra medium minute appendiculatum ; ovarium breviter stipitatum, ad 16-ovulatum. Legumen saepe 1—1 \ poll, longum, polyspermum, extus longissime fulvo bispidulo-pilosum ; semina parva (ses- quilin. diametro), atro-fusca, nitida, compresso-globosa. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet {Parry & Palmer, 194); South Mexico, Eeal del Monte (Coulter), Santa Fe, valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 330). Hb. Kew. This is characterized by its habit and foliage. 4. Cologania intermedia, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 414. South Mexico, in shady woods, Eeal del Monte, at 8550 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland), without locality (Graham, 163). Hb. Kew. 5. Cologania longifolia, A. Gray, PI. Wright, ii. p. 35. New Mexico. — North Mexico, mountain-ravines on the Sonoita (Wright). 6. Cologania ODOVata, Schl. in Linnsea, xii. p. 287. South Mexico, Mineral del Monte (Ehrenberg). Probably a variety of C. pulchella. 7. Cologania prociimbens, Humb. et Bonpl. PI. Leg. t. 57 ; H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 412. South Mexico, woods of Zacuapan and Talea, Oaxaca (Galeotti, 3331; Jurqensen 597).— Peru. Hb. Kew. 8. Cologania pulchella, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 413. Cologania ovalifolia, H. B. K. Galactia ? purpurea, Mart, et Gal. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 192) ■ South Mexico,. near Pazcuaro, at 6780 feet (Humboldt & Borland), Zimapan and £-- LEGUMIFOS^:. 297 Eeal del Monte {Coulter, 603), cascade of Eegla (Galeotti, 3346), near Jalapa (Schiede), valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 79, 774), lower part of San Felipe (Andrieux, 427), dark woods, Oaxaca, at 7000 feet (Galeotti, 3204, 3251), environs of Mexico (Berlandier), Chiapas (Ghiesbreght, 591), Orizaba (Botteri, 718, 721), Mineral del Monte (Mrenberg) ; Guatemala, Volcan de Fuego, 5400 feet (Salvin), without locality (Skinner).— Colombia, Ecuadoe, and Peru. Hb. Kew. 9. Cologania, sp. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 195). Hb. Kew. [Cologania, sp. 1 Martia mexicana, Zucc. Abhandl. Munch. Akad. i. p. 339, t. 14 et 15, " est Cologanice cujusdam specimen floribus apetalis," Benth. et Hook. Gen. PI. i. p. 529.] 48. AMPHICAEP^EA. Amphicarpcea, Ell. in Journ. Acad. Philadelph. i. p. 372 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. PI. i. p. 529. About seven species, inhabiting North America, Japan, and the Himalayas. 1. Amphicarpaea monoica, Ell. in Journ. Acad. Philadelph. i. p. 372. Amphicarpcea sarmentosa, Ell. Canada, through the Eastern States southward to Florida, Texas, and — South Mexico, region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 3170). Hb. Kew. 49. TEEAMNUS. Teramnus, Swartz, Fl. Ind. Oce. iii. p. 1238 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 530. About six species of twining herbs, two of which are Asiatic, and one also African, the remainder American. 1. Teramnus uncinatus, Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. iii. p. 1238, t. 25. Glycine discolor, Mart, et Gal. ? 'Glycine elliptica, Mart, et Gal. South Mexico, Orizaba (Botteri, 706, 726), savannas at 2000 to 3000 feet, in the Cordillera of Vera Cruz (Galeotti, 3266), region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 2908), valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1538) ; Costa Eica (Endres) ; Panama, Empire railway-station (S. Hayes, 555). — Jamaica and north part of South America. Hb. Kew. 2. Teramnus volubilis, Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. iii. p. 1238. Glycine oblonga, Benth. South Mexico, Jalapa to Eeal del Monte (Coulter). — Southward to Peru and in Jamaica. Hb. Kew. 3. Teramnus rhombifolius, Beurling, in Vetensk. Akad. Hand. 1854, p. 120. Panama, in woods (Billierg). Probably not different from T. uncinatus. biol. cent.-amer., Bot. Vol. 1, April 1880. 2 g 298 LEGUMINOSiE. 50. EKYTHPJNA. Erythrina, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 855 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 531. Trees, shrubs, or herbs. About fifty species, generally dispersed in the warm countries of both hemispheres. Several of the names below may belong to the same species ; but, judging from the material in herbaria (although very imperfect), the species must be rather numerous in Mexico and Central America. 1. Erythrina breviflora, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 413 ; Caiques des Dess. EL Mex. 251. South Mexico, on the river Ayacapixtla (Mogino & Sesse). 2. Erythrina COralloideS, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 413 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 253. Nokth Mexico, Guadalupe cation, Sonora (Thurber), summit of mountains north of Imores {King), Sierra del Pajarito (Schott); South Mexico, Misantla (Sehiede). Hb. Kew. u3. Erythrina corallodendron, Linn. Sp. PL p. 992, excl. var. (3. South Mexico, valley of Cordova {Bourgeau, 485, 2305), valley of Mexico {Bourgeau, 1188) ; Nicaragua, Granada {CErsted). — West Indies and northern part of South America. Hb. Kew. 4. Erythrina divaricata, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 414 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 256- Mexico, without locality {Mogino 8f Sesse). u 5. Erythrina glauca, Willd. Nov. Act. Nat. Scr. Berol. p. 428. Duchassaingia glauca, Walp. Ann. ii. p. 424. Nicaragua, Lake of Nicaragua {(Ersied), vicinity of Granada {Ltivy, 445) ; Panama, common (S. Hayes, 486), low swampy ground, Chagres {Fendler, 81). — Venezuela and Cuba. Hb. Kew. 6. Erythrina horrida, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 413 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 252. Mexico, on Mount Aya-hual-tempos. 7. Erythrina leptorlma, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 413 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 250. Mexico. 8. Erythrina longipes, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 413 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 254. South Mexico, Mineral del Monte, Velasco, Cerro Ventoso, Eegla, and San Miguel {Ehrenberg). 9. Erythrina patens, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 414 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 255. Mexico. 10. Erythrina princeps, A. Dietr. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. ii. p. 305. Mexico. 11. Erythrina reticulata, Presl, Symb. Bot. ii. p. 22, t. 68. Mexico. LEGUMINOS^;. 299 * 12. Erythrina rosea, A. Dietr. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. ii. p. 253. Mexico. 13. Erythrina rubrinervia, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 454. Panama, Boquete, Veraguas (Seemann, 1676). — Colombia and Venezuela. Hb. Kew. 14. Erythrina setOSa, Mart, et Gal. in Bull. Acad. Brux. x. pars 2, p. 194. South Mexico, Kegla, at 6000 feet, and eastern Cordillera of Oaxaca, at 7000 feet (Galeotti, 3351, 3427). 15. Erythrina velutina, Willd. Nov. Act. Nat. Scr. Berol. iii. p. 426 1 South Mexico, porphyritic rocks of the Cerro Ventoso, near Beal del Monte, 7200 to 7800 feet (Galeotti, 3354). The typical plant is from Caraccas. 16. Erythrina, sp. Guatemala, base of Volcan de Fuego (Salvin & Godman, 230). Hb. Kew. 17. Erythrina, sp. South Mexico, environs of Morelia, Michoacan, at 4000 to 5000 feet (Galeotti, 3382). Hb. Kew. 18. Erythrina, sp. South Mexico, near Oaxaca (Andrieux, 464). Hb. Kew. 19. Erythrina, sp. Mexico (Graham, 167). Hb. Kew. 20. Erythrina, sp. Nicaragua, Segovia (CErsted, 3). Hb. Kew. 21. Erythrina, sp. (foliolis utrinque secus nervos et venas aculeolatis). South Mexico, Oaxaca (Ghiesbreght). Hb. Kew. 22. Erythrina, sp. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Maimer, 182). Hb. Kew. 23. Erythrina, sp. (? E. longipes, DC. Benth. PL Hartw.). South Mexico, Leon (Hartweg, 1599). Hb. Kew. 24. Erythrina, sp. South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 612). Hb. Kew. " 25. Erythrina, sp. Costa Eica, Candelaria, Cartago, and Aguacate (CErsted). Hb. Kew. 2?2 300 LEGTJMINOS^. ""26. Erythrina, sp. Nicaragua (Tate). Hb. Kew. Probably the same as a species collected in Ecuador by Spruce, n. 5970. 27. Erythrina, sp. South Mexico, Vera Cruz to Orizaba (Mutter, 86). Hb. Kew. 51. MUCUNA. Mucuna, Adans. ex DC. Prodr. ii. p. 404; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 533. About twenty-two species of climbing herbs or shrubs, inhabiting the warmer regions of both hemispheres. V\. Mucuna altissima, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 405. Dolichos altissimus, Jacq. Amer. t. 182. fig. 85. Panama, on the outskirts of woods near the city of Panama (Seemann). — Guadaloupe ; Jamaica; Brazil. Hb. Kew. > 2. Mucuna mutisiana, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 406. Negretia mutisiana, H. B. K. Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 459) ; without locality, " peduncles very often 12 to 15 feet long " (Seemann). — Colombia. Hb. Kew. 3. Mucuna urens, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 405. Dolichos urens, Jacq. Amer. t. 182. fig. 84. South Mexico, woods near Papantla (Schiede & Deppe) ; Panama (Seemann, 220). — Southward to Peru and Brazil and in the West Indies. Hb. Kew. Widely dispersed in tropical countries of both hemispheres, but not frequently col- lected, probably on account of its stinging property. 4. Mucuna (§ Carpopogon), sp. South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1532). Hb. Kew. 52. CALOPOGONIUM. Calopogonium, Desv. in Ann. Sc. Nat. serie 1, ix. p. 423 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 534. Climbing herbs. Four species, inhabiting South and Central America. V 1. Calopogonium brachycarpum, Benth. in Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 534. Stenolobium brachycarpum, Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. p. 125. Nicaragua ((Ersted) ; Costa Pica ((Ersted, Hoffmann) ; Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 79), Veraguas (Seemann, 215), without exact locality (S. Hayes, 553).— And widely spread in Tropical South America. Hb. Kew. LEGTJM1N0S.E. 301 2. Calopogonium CSeruleum, Desv. in Ann. Sc. Nat. serie 1, ix. p. 423. Stenolobium cmruleum, Benth. South Mexico, San Bias to Tepic {Hinds), near Tantoyuca {Ervendberg, 38), valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1756, 1977), Yucatan and Tabasco (Johnson, 41) ; Nicaragua, Eealejo (Sinclair) ; Costa Eica (CErsted) ; Panama (S. Hayes, 439). — West Indies and Eastern Tropical South America to South Beazil. Hb. Kew. 3. Calopogonium galactoides, Benth. in Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 534. Stenolobium galactoides, Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. p. 125. Galactia hispidula, Benth. South Mexico, Tepic (Sinclair), Vera Cruz to Orizaba (Mutter, 1145), Orizaba (Botteri, 719, 736), valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1856) ; Nicaragua (CErsted) ; Costa Eica, Guanacate (CErsted). — Northern part of South America. 4. Calopogonium, sp. Nicaragua (CErsted, 35). Hb. Kew. 53. GALACTIA. Galactia, P. Br. Hist. Jam. p. 298 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 535. Prostrate or climbing herbs or erect shrubs, inhabiting warm countries, but most numerous in Tropical America. About fifty species. 1. Galactia brachystachys, Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. p. 127. South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 608), around Oaxaca (Andrieux, 428). Hb. Kew. 2. Galactia hirta, Mart, et Gal. in Bull. Acad. Brux. x. pars 2, p. 190. South Mexico, Alpine regions of the eastern Cordillera of Oaxaca, at 7500 feet (Galeotti, 3204). 3. Galactia marginalis, Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. p. 127. Texas. — Mexico. — Apparently the same from Buenos Ayres and Uruguay. Hb. Kew. 4. Galactia radiata, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 238 ; Caiques des Dess. PI. Mex. 276. Mexico. 5. Galactia tenuiflora, Willd. ex Wight et Arn. Prodr. Fl. Ind. p. 206. Galactia filiformis, Benth. Galactia brevistyla, Schl. Galactia pilosa, Nutt. Georgia and Florida. — Nicaragua, Granada (CErsted), without locality (Sinclair) ; Panama, Paraiso railway-station (S. Hayes, 521).— Northern part of South America, and common in the West Indies; also widely dispersed in Tropical Asia, Africa, and Australia. Hb. Kew. 302 LEGUMINOS^:. 6. Galactia tephrodes, A. Gray, PL Wright, ii, p. 34. New Mexico. — North Mexico, Janas, Chihuahua (Thurber). 7. Galactia tuberosa, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 238 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 277. Mexico. 8. Galactia wrightii, A. Gray, PI. Wright, i. p. 44. Texas, New Mexico.— North Mexico, Sierra del Pajarito, Sonora (Schott). Hb. Kew. 54. DIOCLEA. Dioclea, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 437; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 536. About sixteen species of shrubby climbers, the greater part American. "1. Dioclea guianensis, Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. p. 132, /3. velutina. Dioclea panamensis, Duchass. fide Grisebach, Bonplandia, 1858, p. 5, nee Seemann. Panama, Empire railway-station (S. Hayes, 562), near the city of Panama (Seemann, 461), without localities (Sinclair, Hoisted). — Northern part of South America and in Trinidad. Hb. Kew. * K2. Dioclea lasiocarpa, Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. p. 133. Panama. — Widely spread in Tropical South America. 3. Dioclea reflexa, Hook. fil. Fl. Nigr. p. 306. Dioclea panamensis, Seemann, nee Duchassaing. Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 83), on the banks of the river Pequeni (Seemann, 455). — Common in many parts of Tropical S. America and in Jamaica ; also in Tropical Africa and Asia. Hb. Kew. ^ 4. Dioclea Violacea, Mart, ex Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. p. 132. Panama, Empire railway-station (S. Hayes, 313). — Tropical South America, and in the Sandwich Islands. 55. CANAVALIA. Canavalia, Adans. Fam. p. 325 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 537. About twelve species of climbing or prostrate herbs, dispersed in warm regions of both hemispheres, some amphigseous. " l. Canavalia ensiformis, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 404. Canavalia gladiata, DC. Canavalia brasiliensis, Mart. South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1758) ; Nicaragua, Gulf of Fonseca (Sinclair) ; Panama, Paraiso railway-station (S. Hayes, 534), Isle of Taboga (Seemann). —A common plant in the West Indies and Tropical South America, and in Tropical and Subtropical Asia and Africa. Frequently cultivated. Hb. Kew. LEGTJMINOS^. 303 2. Canavalia obtusifolia, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 404. South Mexico, on the sea-shore between Tecoluta and Nantla (Schiede & Deppe) ; Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 80), trailing along low moist soil of the sea-shore, Aspin- wall (S. Hayes, 370). — Southward to Beazil ; it is also common in the West Indies, and in Australia and Africa. Hb. Kew. 3. Canavalia rutilans, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 404 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 279. Mexico. Perhaps not specifically different from C. obtusifolia. 4. Canavalia villosa, Benth. Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. p. 135. Canavalia rostrata, Benth. Canavalia multiflora, Hook, et Am. Wenderothia discolor, Schl. South Mexico, Cuernavaca, Iturbide (Bourgeau, 1377), Zimapan (Beechey), Morelia, Michoacan( Galeotti, 3367), Teapa (Linden, 753), Orizaba (Botteri, 1153, 728), Mirador (Linden, 723 ; Bourgeau, 2675) ; Guatemala, Volcan de Fuego (Sahiri) ; Costa Eica, Cartago (CErsted) ; Panama, Chiriqui (Seemann). Hb. Kew. 5. Canavalia, sp. Nicaragua, Chontales (Tate, 103). Hb. Kew. 6. Canavalia, sp. South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1855). Hb. Kew. 7. Canavalia? Wenderothia pilosa, Mart, et Gal. in Bull. Acad. Brux. x. pars 2, p. 191. South Mexico, woods of Malpique, Zacuapan, at 3000 feet (Galeotti, 3273). Hb. Kew. Probably the same as C. villosa, Benth. 8. Canavalia? Wenderothia ? hirsuta, Mart, et Gal. in Bull. Acad. Brux. x. pars 2, p. 192. South Mexico, dense woods of Eincon, Talea, Oaxaca, at 4000 feet (Galeotti, 3424). 9. Canavalia? Wenderothia glabra, Mart, et Gal. in Bull. Acad. Brux. x. pars 2, p. 192. South Mexico, Mirador, at 3000 feet (Galeotti, 3307). Hb. Kew. 10. Canavalia, sp. South Mexico, Orizaba (Botteri, 59, 1152 ; Bourgeau, 2916, 2668). Hb. Kew. Apparently an undescribed species ; but we have not seen the pod, and there are two of the three species of Wenderothia described by Martens and Galeotti which we have not seen ; therefore we do not venture to describe it. 304 leguminos^:. 56. PHASEOLUS. Phaseolus, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 866 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 538. Climbing herbs, or sometimes woody at the base. A genus very numerous in forms, spread over nearly all warm countries. Upwards of 150 have been described as species ; but Mr. Bentham estimates the number of good species at about sixty. Several of the names in this enumeration probably belong to the same species. This genus greatly needs revision ; but so few of the types are accessible to us at the time of preparing this for press that we dare not attempt the task. 1. Phaseolus acutifolius, A. Gray, PI. Wright, i. p. 43. New Mexico. — North Mexico, sides of the Chiricahui mountains (Wright), % Sierra Madre (Seemann). Var. tenuifolius, A. Gray, loc. cit. Nokth Mexico, Guadalupe Pass, Sonora (Wright). Hb. Kew. 2. Phaseolus amplus, Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. p. 85. Central America (Sinclair). — Peru, Venezuela. 3. Phaseolus angustissimus, A. Gray, PI. Wright, ii. p. 33. New Mexico. — North Mexico, between San Pedro and Santa Cruz, Sonora (Wright), Coahuila (JBigelow). 4. Phaseolus anisotrichus, Schl. in Linnsea, xii. p. 326. South Mexico, in thickets near Jalapa, at Hacienda de la Laguna, and near Papantla (Schiede), 'JJuquila, western Cordillera of Oaxaca, and near Izmiquilpan (Galeotti, 3169 and 3374). 5. Phaseolus atropurpureus, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 395 ; Caiques des Dess. EL Mex. 244. Phaseolus schiedeanus, Schl. in Linnsea, xii. p. 323. Phaseolus canescens, Mart, et Gal. North Mexico, Sonora Alta (Coulter) ; South Mexico, around Oaxaca (Andrieux, 460), Tehuacan de las Granadas, Puebla, at 5000 feet (Galeotti, 3225), near Hacienda de la Laguna (Schiede) ; Nicaragua ((Ersted). Hb. Kew. 6. Phaseolus bilobatus, Engelm. Bot. Wisliz. Exped. p. 25. North Mexico, Cosiquirachi (Wislizenus). 7. Phaseolus dysophyllus, Benth. PL Hartw. p. 287. South Mexico, Leon (Hartweg), in thickets near Misantla (Schiede). Hb. Kew. 8. Phaseolus falcatus, Benth. MSS. in Hb. Kew. South Mexico, San Bias to Tepic (Coulter) ; % Guatemala, Volcan de Fuego, Duenas, 5000 feet (Salvin). Hb. Kew. /- legtjmbstos^:. 305 9. Phaseolus forniOSUS, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 449. South Mexico, near Toluca, at 8280 feet {Humboldt & Bonpland), forests of the Cordillera of Oaxaca and Eeal del Monte, at 6500 to 8000 feet (Galeotti, 3197, 3350, and 3426). 10. Phaseolus glaber, Schl. in Linngea, xii. p. 327. South Mexico, in thickets near Jalapa and near San Andres (Schiede), Jalapa {Linden, 676), Orizaba {Botteri, 738 ; Bourgeau, 3173). Hb. Kew. 11. Phaseolus gracilis, Pcepp. ex Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. p. 141. Nicaragua, without locality {(Ersted), Eealejo {Sinclair, Hinds); Panama, near the city of Panama, in meadows {Seemann, 233). — Guiana and Cuba. Hb. Kew. 12. Phaseolus hernandezii, Savi, in DC. Prodr. ii. p. 395. North Mexico, without locality {Hernandez), cultivated {Seemann). Hb. Kew. 13. Phaseolus heterophyllus, Willd. H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 446. Phaseolus parviflorus, Schl. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet {Parry & Palmer, 187) ; South Mexico, valley of Mexico {Bourgeau, 80 ; Bilimek, 89), Eeal del Monte and Zimapan {Coulter, 502), Aguas Calientes {Hartweg), Orizaba {Botteri, 740), Tacubaya {Bourgeau, 80 ; Schaffner), in meadows near Valladolid {Humboldt & Bonpland), Mineral del Monte {Ehrenberg), without special localities {many other collectors). Hb. Kew. 14. Phaseolus leptOStachyus, Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. p. 136. South Mexico, Zimapan {Coulter), Oaxaca {Galeotti, 3169), Orizaba {Bourgeau, 3184, 2669; Botteri, 731), Vera Cruz to Orizaba {Muller, 1107); Guatemala {Skinner). Hb. Kew. 15. Phaseolus lunatus, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1016. Phaseolus saccharatus, MacFad. Phaseolus xuaresii, Zucc. Phaseolus amazonicus, Benth. &c. South Mexico, Orizaba {Botteri, 680), Acapulco {Sinclair), Cuernavaca {Bourgeau, 1376); Nicaragua, without locality {(Ersted); Honduras, Tigre Island, Gulf of Fonseca {Sinclair) ; Costa Eica, Ujaras {(Ersted); Panama {S. Hayes, 549). — Cuba, Jamaica and Antigua, and Cistropical South America ; also in Tropical Africa and Asia. Hb. Kew. 16. Phaseolus macrocarpUS, Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. p. 140. Mexico. 17. Phaseolus macropoideS, A. Gray, PI. Wright, ii. p. 33. New Mexico. — North Mexico. biol. cent.-amer., Bot. Vol. 1, April 1880. 2 r 306 LEGITMINOS^:. 18. PhaseolllS micranthus, Mart, et Gal. in Bull. Acad. Brux. x. pars 2, p. 196. South Mexico, Juquila, &c, on the western Cordillera of Oaxaca, at 4000 feet (Galeotti, 3182). 19. PhaseolllS micranthus, Hook, et Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 287. South Mexico, Jalisco (Lay & Collie). Hb. Kew. 20. Phaseolus multiflorus, Willd. SP. Pi. p. 1030. South Mexico, Michoacan (Galeotti, 3379), Zimapan (Coulter), Leon (Hartweg). — Northern part of South America. Hb. Kew. 21. Phaseolus Obvallatus, Schl. in Linnaea, xii. p. 328. South Mexico, woods at 7000 to 8000 feet, Oaxaca (Galeotti, 3179), Mineral del Monte (Ehrenberg) ; 1 Guatemala, Volcan de Fuego, 7000 feet (Salvin). Hb. Kew. 22. Phaseolus pedicellatus, Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. p. 137. South Mexico, Beal del Monte (Coulter, 573), Vera Cruz to Orizaba (Miiller, 1700), San Nicolas (Bourgeau, 940). Hb. Kew. *"23. Phaseolus peduncularis, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 447. Phaseolus spixianus, Mart. Phaseolus pascuorum, Mart. Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 69 and 73). — Tropical South Ameeica. Hb. Kew. 24. Phaseolus retUSUS, Benth. PI. Hartw. p. 11. Texas, New Mexico.— North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 185), Chihuahua (Wislizenus) ; South Mexico, Aguas Calientes (Hartweg). Hb. Kew. 25. Phaseolus rotundifolius, A. Gray, PI. Wright, ii. p. 34. North Mexico, valley west of the Chiricahui mountains ( Wright). " 26. Phaseolus semierectus, Linn. Sp. PL p. 1016. Panama, along the railroad (S. Hayes, 122). — Southward to Peru and Brazil and in the West Indies. Hb. Kew. 27. Phaseolus specioSUS, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 452. South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter), near Misantla (Schiede), valley of Cordova (Bour- geau, 1534); Guatemala, without locality (Wendland), Volcan de Fuego, 5000 feet (Salvin).— Venezuela to Ecuador. Hb. Kew. 28. Phaseolus sylvestris, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 450. South Mexico, in woods between Valladolid and Ario, near Pazcuaro, 6780 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland), Jalapa, Vera Cruz, Talea, Oaxaca, and Moran, near Real del Monte (Galeotti, 3300 and 3391). Hb. Kew. LEGTJMINOS^. 307 29. Phaseolus truxillensis, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 451. Phaseolus adenanthus, Mey. Prim. Fl. Esseq. p. 239; DC. Prodr. ii. p. 394. Phaseolus cirrhosus, H. B. K. Phaseolus amaenus, MacFad. South Mexico, Yucatan and Tabasco (Johnson), without locality (Beechey) ; Nicaragua, Volcan el Viejo (CErsted), Kealejo (CErsted) ; Costa Eica, San Jose (CErsted) ; Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 71). — West Indies and Tropical South America ; and in the East Indies and Pacific Islands. 30. Phaseolus vulgaris, Linn, ex Savi, Mem. 3, p. 14. Guatemala, Volcan de Fuego, at 5000 feet (Salvin). Hb. Kew. A species commonly cultivated, and now widely dispersed in most tropical countries. Mr. Bentham thinks it may be of Asiatic origin. 31. Phaseolus, sp. Guatemala, Volcan de Fuego, ridge above Calderas, at 8300 feet (Salvin). Hb. Kew. 32. Phaseolus, sp. Costa Bica, Cartago (CErsted, 30). Hb. Kew. 33. Phaseolus, sp. Costa Bica, Volcan Masaya (CErsted, 17). Hb. Kew. 34. Phaseolus (Drepanocarpus), sp. North Mexico, Monterey (Eaton & Edwards, 21). Hb. Kew. 35. Phaseolus, sp. South Mexico, Pedregal, valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 941). Hb. Kew. 36. Phaseolus, sp. South Mexico, valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 334). Hb. Kew. . 37. Phaseolus, sp. South Mexico, region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 3351). Hb. Kew. 38. Phaseolus, sp. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 186). Hb. Kew. 39. Phaseolus, sp. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry &< Palmer, 188), Hb. Kew. 40. Phaseolus, sp. South Mexico, valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 487, 580, 734). Hb. Kew. 41. Phaseolus, sp. South Mexico, Pedregal, valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 576). Hb. Kew. 2r2 308 LEGUMINOS.^. 57. MINKELEKSIA. Minkelersia, Mart, et Gal. in Bull. Acad. Brux. x. pars 2, p. 200 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 539. Herbaceous plants ; the following are the only species known : — 1. Minkelersia biflora, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 3, p. 48. (Tab. XVI. figg. 1-7.) Foliolis omnibus ovatis, lateralibus obliquis nee unilateraliter lobatis, pedunculis bifloris tribracte- atis, bracteis juxta flores involucrum formantibus, floribus sessilibus, vexillo vix unguiculato, ovario pubescente ad 20-ovulato. Herba annua vel perennis, reptans vel volubilis, ramis gracillimis, parcissime puberulis, nitidis, in- ternodiis longiusculis. Folia graciliter petiolata, pinnatim trif oliolata, rhachi brevi ; foliola breviter petiolulata, omnia ovata, circiter 10 lin. longa, obtusa, basi rotundata, tenuia, subtri- nervia, parcissime puberula, petiolo 1-1^-pollicari ; stipulae ovatae, obtusae, patentes vel reflexae, 3-4 lin. longae ; stipellae minutissimae. Florum pedunculi axillares, foliis multoties longiores, graciles, apice biflori, tribracteati ; bracteae juxta flores involucrum formantes, stipulis simillimse ; flores sessiles ; calycis puberuli lobi ovato-oblongi, obtusi, minute ciliati, tubo triente longiores ; vexillum obovato-oblongum, deorsum gradatim attenuatum, vix vere unguiculatum ; alee oblique obovatae, semicordatae, longiuscule unguiculatae ; carina angusta, canaliculata, vexillo subaequans, apice cum stylo staminibusque arete trispiralis ; ovarium pu- bescens, ad 20-ovulatum. Legumen ignotum. South Mexico, valley of Mexico (Schaffner). Hb. Kew. EXPLANATION OF TAB. XVI. Figg. 1-7. Fig. 1, portion of plant, nat. size ; 2, keel ; 3, a wing ; 4, standard ; 5, calyx and ovary ; 6, keel and stamens ; 7, anther and free part of filament : all enlarged. 2. Minkelersia galactioides, Mart, et Gal. (char, amplif.). (Tab. XVI. figg. 8-15.) Foliolo terminali ovato-oblongo, foliolis lateralibus oblique ovatis unilateraliter obscure lobatis pedunculis unifloris saepissime tribracteatis, bracteis ad 3 lineas infra flores insertis, vexillo distincte unguiculato, ovario pubescente, ad 15-ovulato, legumine maturo parvo glabro calyce persistente sufiulto. Herba annua, reptans vel volubilis, ramis gracillimis, parcissime puberulis, nitidis. Folia graciliter petiolata, pinnatim trifoliolata, rhachi brevi ; foliola breviter petiolulata, terminale ovato- oblongum vel oblongum, 9-10 lineas longum, 2\-Z\ lineas latum, lateralia oblique ovata obscure unilateraliter lobata, 8-10 lineas longa, 4-7 lineas lata, omnia obtusiuscula, penni- venia, iis M. biflora crassiora, petiolo 1-1^-pollicari; stipulae ovatae vel ellipticae, patentes vel reflexae, ad 3 lineas longae, persistentes ; stipellae minutas, subulatae. Florum pedunculi axillares, duplo longiores foliis, graciliusculi, uniflori, saepissime tribracteati, bracteis ad 3 lineas infra flores insertis; calycis parcissime puberuli lobi ovato-oblongi, obtusi, dimi- dio longiores tubo ; vexillum obovato-oblongum, distincte sed breviter unguiculatum ; ate oblique obovato-oblongae, longiuscule unguiculatae, vix semicordatae ; carina angusta, canali- culata, vexillo subaequans, apice cum stylo staminibusque arete bi- trispiralis ; ovarium pube- scens, ad 15-ovulatum. Legumen subcylindricum, compressum, maturum, glabrum, 2|-polli- care, calyce persistente suffultum.— Mart, et Gal. in Bull. Acad. Brux. x. pars 2, p. 200. A- LEGUMINOS^. 309 South Mexico, Cordillera of Oaxaca, near the Pacific Ocean, at 4000 to 6000 feet (Galeotti, 3175). Hb. Kew. The only known ripe pod is in the herbarium of Dr. Ed. Martens, of Louvain, and it was kindly sent to us to be drawn for our Plate. EXPLANATION OF TAB. XVI. Figg. 8-15. Fig. 8, portion of plant, nat. size ; 9, standard; 10, wing; 11, keel, enclosing stamens and pistil ; 12, stamens and pistil removed from keel ; 13, very young pod ; 14, anther and free portion of filament : all enlarged; 15, pod, natural size. 58. VIGNA. Vigna, Savi, Mem. Phas. iii. p. 7; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 539. About forty-five herbaceous species, generally dispersed in the tropics. Two or three species are almost ubiquitous in tropical countries. In Tropical Africa there are thirty- seven species. 1. Vigna luteola, Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. fasc. xxiv. p. 193, t. 50. fig. 2. Vigna brachystachys, Benth. Vigna villosa, Savi. Dolichos mexicanus, Schl. Mexico (Botteri, 716 ; Bilimek, 95 ; Bourgeau, 3178) ; Guatemala (Salvin & God- man); Nicaragua (CErsted, 23); Panama (Fendler, 68; S. Hayes, 564). — Common throughout Tropical America and the Tropics of the Old World. Hb. Kew. 2. Vigna vexillata, Benth. Mart. Fl. Bras. xxiv. p. 193, t. 50. fig. 1. Panama, near the city of Panama (Seemann) ; Paraiso railway-station (S. Hayes, 533). — Very widely distributed in Tropical South America, and common in Tropical Asia, Africa, and Australia, Hb. Kew. 3. Vigna, sp. Costa Rica, at Cartago (CErsted). Hb. Kew. [Vigna lutea, A. Gray, is a widely dispersed species, likely to occur in Mexico and Central America.] 59. PACHYRHIZUS. Pachyrhizus, Rich, in DC. Mem. Leg. p. 379; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 540. The genus is limited to the two following herbaceous species : — 1. Pachyrhizus angulatUS, Eich. in DC. Prodr. ii. p. 402 ; Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras., Papil. t. 53. Taniocarpum articulatum, Desv. Robynsia macrophylla, Mart, et Gal. Mexico, region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 1219, 2917), Oaxaca (Andrieux, 432) ; Nica ragua (CErsted, 33) ; Panama (Fendler, 74, 75 ; Seemann, 211). Hb. Kew. 310 LEGTJMINOS^;. It is uncertain where this plant is indigenous and where only naturalized, as it is generally cultivated in the tropics. At the present time it is widely dispersed in a wild state in Tropical Asia, Africa, and America. 2. PachyriuZUS pahnatilobllS, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 540. Dolichos palmatilobus, Moc. & Sesse in DC. Prodr. ii. p. 399. Robynsia lobata, Mart, et Gal. in Bull. Acad. Brux. x. pars 2, p. 193. South Mexico, Mirador, at the Eancho of San Carlos, 3000 feet (Galeotti, 3278), woods and savannas of Juchatengo, Cordillera of Oaxaca (Galeotti, 3167), near Tehuan- tepec (Andrieux, 435). Hb. Kew. \Cajanus indicus, Spreng., an Old-World plant, is commonly cultivated in tropical countries, and naturalized in many places.] 60. RHYNCHOSIA. Rhynchosia, Lour. PI. Cochinch. p. 460; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 542. Herbs or shrubs. Generally dispersed in warm countries, a few species in Temperate South Africa, North America, and North-eastern Asia. Altogether there are about seventy-five species. 1. Rhynchosia calyCOSa, Hemsl. Diag. PI. Nov. pars 3, p. 48. Herbacea, volubilis, ramis puberulis striatums, foliis longiuscule petiolatis, foliolis ovato-rhomboideis obtusis lateralibus obliquis utrinque minute puberulis tenuiter reticulato-venosis, floribus race- mosis brevissime pedicellatis, calycis puberuli lobis tricostatis obtusis paulo longioribus quam petala, carina quam alae et vexillum longiore, vexillo glabra, ovario superne villoso, stylo fili- formi glabra, legumine glabrescente oblique oblongo, calyce aucto suffulto. Herba volubilis, ramis graciliusculis, puberulis, striatulis. Folia petiolata, pinnatim trifoliolata, rhachi 8-10 lineas longa, petiolo gracili, usque sesquipollicari ; foliola breviter petiolulata, membranacea, ovato-rhomboidea vel lateraka, interdum ovata, 1|— 2 poll, longa et lata, lateralia minora, omnia obtusa, utrinque minute puberula, tenuiter reticulato-venosa ; stipulae deciduae non visse; stipellse minutissimae. Mores racemosi, brevissime pedicellati, circiter 5 lineas longi ; racemi pedunculati, pauciflori (15-30), 3-8-pollicares, bracteati, bracteis parvis, ovatis, subulatis, cito deciduis ; calycis intus extusque puberuli tubus brevissimus, lobi tricostati, oblongi, 2 posteriores supra medium connati, 2 laterales falcati, anterior complicatus, omnes obtusi vel vix acuti, petalis longiores; vexillum complicatum, orbiculari-ellipticum, apice retusum, basi cordatum, breviter unguiculatum, omnino glabrum; alse oblongse, graciliter unguiculatse, semibastatse ; carina alis et vexillo longior, oblonga, graciliter unguiculata; ovarium sessile, superne argenteo-villosum, stylo elongate, filiformi, glabra. Legumen (matu- rum non visum) oblique oblongum, 9-12 lineas longum, calyce aucto suffultum, ssepissime dispermum. Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 72). Hb. Kew. Allied to B. longeracemosa, Mart, et Gal., and B. reticulata, DC, from which it is easily distinguished by its foliage, calyx, short glabrous standard, &c. 2. Rhynchosia caribsea, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 384. Glycine caribaa, Jacq. Ic. PI. Rar. 1. 146. LEGUMINOS^:. 311 South Mexico, near Tantoyuca (Ervendberg, 35). — Common in the West Indies and the northern part of South America ; also in Tropical and South Africa. 3. RhyncllOSia discolor, Mart, et Gal. in Bull. Acad. Brux. x. pars 2, p. 199. South Mexico, banks of streams, Sierra de Yavesia, Cordillera of Oaxaca (Galeotti, 3151). Hb. Kew. This number is referred to B. macrocarpa in Hb. Kew. 4. Rhynchosia erythrinoides, Schl. et Ch. in Linnzea, v. p. 587. South Mexico, between Misantla and Nantla (Schiede & Eeppe). 5. RhyncllOSia Mrsuta, Mart, et Gal. in Bull. Acad. Brux. x. pars 2, p. 198. South Mexico, woods of Zacuapan, 3000 feet (Galeotti, 3257). 6. RhyncllOSia longeracemOSa, Mart, et Gal. in Bull. Acad. Brux. x. pars 2, p. 198. North Mexico, Monterey (Edwards) ; South Mexico, woods at 3000 feet, Vera Cruz (Galeotti, 3322), Mirador (Linden, 684), Orizaba (Muller, 71 ; Bourgeau, 2568 ; Botteri, 712), Zimapan and J &l&p& (Coulter), near Cordova (Bourgeau, 2403) ; Panama, near the city of Panama (Seemann). Hb. Kew. Mr. Bentham (Fl. Bras. xv. pars 1, p. 203) refers this to B. reticulata, DC, from which it appears to be distinct. 7. Rhynchosia macrocarpa, Benth. Pi. Hartw. p. 11. South Mexico, Aguas Calientes (Eartweg, 58), Oaxaca, rivulets at 6000 to 7000 feet (Galeotti, 3151), without locality (Salle). Hb. Kew. 8. Rhynchosia menispermoides, DC. Mem. Leg. p. 364, t. 55. Texas. — South Mexico, Acapulco (Nee), sandy hills near Santa Cruz (Schiede & Deppe). 9. Rhynchosia minima, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 385 ; Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. xxiv. t. 54. fig. 2. ? Rhynchosia punctata, DC. Rhynchosia mewicana, Hook, et Am. Glycine lamarckii, H. B. K. Florida and Texas. — Mexico, Vera Cruz (Muller, 665) ; Nicaragua, gulf of Fonseca (Sinclair), without locality ((Ersted). — Common in the West Indies, and in South America to Peru and South Brazil, and occurring in almost all tropical and subtropical countries. Hb. Kew. 10. Rhynchosia phaseoloides, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 385. Nicaragua, Chontales (Tate, 267) ; Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 66). — Common in the West Indies and Tropical South America. Hb. Kew. Grisebach (Fl. Brit. W. Ind.) refers B. precatoria and caribcea to this species. 312 LEGUMINOSJE. 11. RhyndlOSia portobellensis, Beurling, in Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 1854, p. 121. Panama, in woods (Billberg). 12. Rhynchosia precatOlia, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 385 ; Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald,' t. 20. Glycine precatoria, H. B. K. South Mexico, near Acapulco (Humboldt & Bonpland) ; Panama, volcano of Chiriqui (Seemann). Hb. Kew. 13. Rhynchosia senna, Gill, in Hook. Bot. Misc. iii. p. 199 ; Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. xv. pars 1, p. 205. Rhynchosia tewana, Torr. & Gray. South-eastern States of North America. — North Mexico, Sonora (Torrey), region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry §r Palmer, 190).— Ecuador, South Brazil, Uruguay, and the Argentine Eepublic. Hb. Kew. 61. EEIOSEMA. Eriosema, DC. ex Desv. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 1, vol. ix. p. 421 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 543. About forty herbaceous and shrubby species, most abundant in South America and Tropical and South Africa. One species has a wide range in Asia and Australia. 1. Eriosema crinitum, G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. p. 348. South Mexico, Cordillera of Vera Cruz (Galeotti, 3257) ; Panama, in meadows near the city of Panama (Lobb). — West Indies and Subtropical and Tropical South America. Hb. Kew. «- 2. Eriosema diffilSUm, G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. p. 347. Glycine diffusa, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. t. 572. South Mexico, Mirador (Linden, 702), Cordillera of Vera Cruz at 3000 feet (Galeotti, 3404), Hacienda de la Laguna (Schiede), Eio Blanco near Orizaba (Bourgeau, 2674) ; Mexico (Bilimek, 186) ; Guatemala, San Geronimo, Vera Paz (Bernoulli, 1014) ; Nica- ragua, Granada (ffirsted) ; Costa Rica, Aguacate (ffirsted) ; Panama, Isle of Taboga &c. (Seemann). — Colombia. Hb. Kew. 3. Eriosema grandiflorum, Seem. Bot. Voy. < Herald,' p. 345. Rhynchosia grandiflora, Ch. et Schl. North Mexico, Cerro de Pinal (Seemann) ; Bolafios (Coulter) ; South Mexico, Oaxaca (Ghiesbreght), Hacienda de la Laguna (Schiede 8f Beppe). Hb. Kew. 4. Eriosema pulchellum, G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. p. 348. Glycine pulchetta, H. B. K. South Mexico, Mirador (Linden, 717), without habitats (Salle, Harris), region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 2674 bis). Hb. Kew. LEGUMLNOS.ZE. 313 5. Eriosema Simplicifolium, G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. p. 348. Eriosema lancifolium, Benth. Panama (Seemann). — Trinidad and the northern and eastern parts of South America. Hb. Kew. 6. Eriosema violaceum, G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. p. 347. Panama, abundant (Seemann). — Tropical South America and Trinidad. Hb. Kew. Tribe DALBERGIEiE. There are twenty-four genera of this tribe, consisting chiefly of large trees and tall climbing shrubs, inhabiting tropical and subtropical regions, where they are generally distributed, but very rare in Australia. The species are satisfactorily defined, as Mr. Bentham monographed them some years ago in the 'Journal of the Linnean Society^' vol. iv. supplement, pp. 1-134. 62. DALBEEGIA. Dalbergia, Linn. fil. Suppl. p. 52; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 544. Trees and shrubs. Generally dispersed in Tropical Asia, Africa, and America ; and one species occurs in Australia. 1. Dalbergia amerimnum, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. suppl. p. 36. Amerimnum brownei, Sw. Nicaragua, without exact localities (Sinclair, CErsted, and others) ; Panama, common on both the Pacific and Atlantic coasts (Seemann), Eio-Grande swamp (S. Hayes, 78). — West Indies and north part of South America. Hb. Kew. 2. Dalbergia calycilia, Benth. in Joum. Linn. Soc. iv. suppl. p. 35. Guatemala, without locality (Friedrichsthal). Hb. Kew. 3. Dalbergia campeaclliana, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. suppl. p. 37. South Mexico, forests of Campeche, Yucatan (Linden, 1329), Yucatan and Tabasco (Johnson), without habitat (Jurgensen, 226). Hb. Kew. 4. Dalbergia glomerata, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 8. Puberula, foliis 6-8-pollicaribus, foliolis 5-6-jugis petiolulatis membranaceis ovato-oblongis obtusis ssepius mucronulatis, floribus minimis glomerato-cymosis, cymis parvis densis pedun- culatis. Frutex vel arbor, novellis plus miirasve rufo-pubescentibus. Folia petiolata, 6-7-pollicaria ; foliola 5-6-juga, petiolulata, membranacea, ovato-oblonga, l|-2 poll, longa, obtusa, saepius mucronu- lata, prsecipue subtus appresse pilosula, petiolo ad pollicari, rhachi gracili, petiolulis ad sesqui- lin. longis. Flores minimi, basi bibracteolati, vix sequilineam longi, in cymas axillares densas glomeratas ad 9 lin. diametro dispositi; calyx 5-lobatus., lobis summis latioribus obtusisj infimo acuto; petala fere sequilonga, vexillo suborbiculari, alis oblongo-ellipticis, omnia breviter unguiculata. Stamina 9 (?) ; filamenta ineequilonga ; antherae didymae. Ovarium glabrum, longiuscule stipitatum, 2-3 (?) -ovulatum. biol. centr.-amer., Bot. Vol. 1, April 1880. 2 s 314 LEGUMINOS^:. South Mexico, Sierra Zongolica (Botteri, 1027). Hb. Kew. The specimen of this species is very young ; but the plant is clearly allied to D. cam- peachiana, which has larger flowers in looser cymes, and smaller, almost sessile, often retuse leaflets. 5. Dalbergia retnsa, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 8. Puberula, foliis petiolatis, foliolis 4-5-jugis breviter petiolulatis ovato-oblongis retusis 1^-4-polli- caribus, floribus corymbosis. Arbor 20-25-pedalis, novellis puberulis. Folia petiolata, 6-9-pollicaria ; foliola 4-5-juga,, petiolulata, coriacea, ovato-oblonga, lJ-4-pollicaria, retusa, subtus sparsim puberula, supra glaberrima nitida, petiolulis ad 2 lin. longis. Flores albi, corymbosi, pedicellati, basi bibracteolati, 8-9 lin. longi ; corymbi pauciflori, pedunculati, foliis breviores ; bracteolse minute ; calyx campanu- latus, 5-dentatus, dente inferiore acuto, cseteris brevibus rotundatis ; yexillum cucullato-orbicu- latum ; carina obtusa, alis brevior ; stamina 10, monadelpha, antheris minutis ; ovarium gla- brum, stipitatum, 5-6-ovulatum. Legumen maturum deest. Panama, in woods at Paraiso (S. Hayes, 642). Hb. Kew. 6. Dalbergia, sp. South Mexico, region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 2834). Hb. Kew. * 7. Dalbergia, sp. Costa Pica, Cartago (CErsted). Hb. Kew. 63. ECASTAPHYLLUM. Ecastaphyllum, Rich, in Pers. Syn. PI. ii. p. 277 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 545. Five shrubby species, all found in America, and two of them extending to Western Tropical Africa. v 1. Ecastaphyllum brownei, Pers. in DC. Prodr. ii. p. 420. Ecastaphyllum molle, Miq. Florida. — Nicaragua, Graytown {Tate, 342) ; Panama, Aspinwall, sea-side (S. Hayes, 155), Chagres (Fendler, 315). — Common in Tropical South America and the West Indies; also in Western Tropical Africa. Hb. Kew. 64. MACHtEKIUM. Machcerium, Pers. Syn. PI. ii. p. 276 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 545. Nearly sixty arboreous and frutescent species, all endemic in America. ^1. Machseriuin acuminatum, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 391. The typical plant inhabits Venezuela. Var. /3. latifolium, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. suppl. p. 65. South Mexico, region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 2552 ; Botteri, 1031), Cordova (Bour- geau) ; Nicaragua, between Granada and Nicaragua (CErsted). Hb. Kew. LEGTJMINOSA 315 2. Machaerium angustifolium, Vogel in Linn^a, xi. p. 193. Machaerium affine, Bentb. Machterium acaciafolium, Mart. Panama, Paraiso railway-station (S. Hayes, 328 ; Seemann, 465), without localities (Sinclair & Hinds); South Mexico, without locality (Galeotti, 22), valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1987).— Tropical South America and the West Indies. Hb. Kew. 3. Machaerium seemannii, Benth. in Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald/ p. 110. Panama, Boquete (Seemann, 1681). — Venezuela. Hb. Kew. 4. Machaerium, sp. Nicaragua (CErsted, 7). Hb. Kew. 65. DKEPANOCAKPUS. Drepanocarpus, G. A. F. W. Mey. Prim. Fl. Esseq. p. 236 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 546. Eight species of trees and shrubs. With the exception of D. lunatiis, which also occurs in West Tropical Africa, they are endemic in Tropical America. 1. Drepanocarpus ? Cyathiformis, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 420; Caiques desDess. Fl. Mex. 284. Mexico. 2. Drepanocarpus lunatus, G. A. F, W. Mey. I. c. et in DC. Prodr. ii. p. 420. South Mexico, Mirador (Linden, 1321), Cordillera of Vera Cruz, ravines at 3000 feet (Galeotti, 3253) ; Nicaragua, Segovia (CErsted) ; Panama, in low swampy woods, Lion-Hill railway-station (S. Hayes, 681). — In South America to Brazil, and in the West Indies ; also Western Tropical Africa. Hb. Kew. 3. Drepanocarpus mucronulatus, Benth., Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 8. Fruticosa, ranmlis teretibus gracilibus sparsim puberulis, foliolis multijugis parvis crebris brevissime petiolulatis oblongis mucronatis subtus hirsutis, floribus mediocribus in paniculas angustas densas terminales dispositis, petalis omnibus glabris, staminibus aequaliter diadelphis, ovario sericeo biovulato. Frutese, ramulis gracilibus, ultimis puberulis. Folia breviter petiolata, 2-3-pollicaria, foHola multi- (25-30-) juga, crebra, subcoriacea, brevissime petiolulata, oblonga, 3-5 lin. longa, mucro- nata, basi obliqua, supra glabra nitida, subtus birsuta; stipulse lanceolatse acutse. Flores brevissime pedicellati, 2^-3 lin. longi, in paniculas angustas densas terminales dispositi; calyx birsutus, fere sequaliter 5-lobus, lobo anteriore subacute, caeteris rotundatis ; petala omnia glabra, fere sequilonga, unguiculata ; carinse et alse appendiciilatse ; vexillum amplum, orbiculari- cucullatum ; stamina 10, sequaliter diadelpha ; ovarium sericeum, biovulatum, stylo filiformi elongato arcuato, stigmate parvo. Legumen ignotum. •' « 9 316 legumhstos^:. South Mexico, Bolanos (Coulter). Hb. Kew. A very distinct plant, perhaps the type of a new genus. The young pod is straight, and the two ovules probably both mature. M. DrepanOCarpilS microphyllus, G. A. F. W. Mey. I. c. et in DC. Prodr. ii. p. 420. Panama, Isle of Taboga (Hinds, Seemann, &c). Hb. Kew. v 5. Drepanocarpus, sp. Panama, Chagres, hilly regions (Fendler, 330). Hb. Kew. Perhaps a variety of D. inundatus. 66. PLATYPODIUM. Platypodium, Vog. in Linnsea, xi. p. 420; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, j. p. 546. Two arboreous species, endemic in Tropical America. *" 1. Platypodium elegailS, Vogel in Linnsea, xi. p. 422. Panama, between Gorgona and Matachin (S. Hayes). — Brazil. Hb. Kew. 67. PTEROCARPUS. Pterocarpus, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 854 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 547. About fifteen arboreous species, dispersed in Tropical Asia, Africa, and America. 1. Pterocarpus amphymenium, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 418. Amphymenium pubescens, H. B. K. Mexico, between Zumpango and Mescala, in the Canada de Sopilote (Humboldt & Bonpland). 2. Pterocarpus crispatUS, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 418 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 282. Mexico. Bentham refers this, with a doubt, to P. draco. 3. Pterocarpus draCO, Linn, (ex parte), DC. Prodr. ii. p. 418. ? Pterocarpus officinalis, Jacq. Amer. t. 183. fig. 92. Moutouchi suberosa, Aubl. Pi. Guian. ii. p. 748, t. 299. Nicaragua, San Juan (CErsted) ; Panama, Frijoli railway-station (S. Hayes, 83). — Colombia to Guiana, and the West Indies. Hb. Kew. 4. Pterocarpus hayesii, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 8. (Tab. XVII.) Poliis supremis 9-12-pollicaribus, foliolis 9-13 alternis vix coriaceis ovato-oblongis 4-6-polli- caribus longe acuminatis obtusis secus costam tantum rufo-puberuHs, floribus pedicellatis race- mosis, racemis ad apices rumulorum aggregatis, ovario hirsuto 3-4-ovulato, legumine maximo suborbiculato venoso-reticulato. LEGUMINOS^E. 317 Arbor 60-70-pedalis, ramulis, petiolis calycibusque rufo-puberulis. Folia suprema 9 12-pollicaria, petiolata; foliola 9-13, alterna, breviter petiolulata, vix coriacea, ovato-oblonga, 4-6-pollicaria, longe accuminata, obtusa, praeter costam glabra, venis transversis distantibus. Flores pedicel- late racemosi; racemi 4-6-polHcares, ad apices ramulorum aggregati; pedicelli 3-4 lin. longi, bracteis minutis cito deciduis ; calyx 5-dentatus, dentibus obtusiusculis ; stamina mona- delpba (nee ut in icone); ovarium hirsutum, 3-4-ovulatum, stylo filiformi quam stamina longiore. Legumen orbiculare, reticnlatum (in siccis), ad 3 poll, diametro. Panama, in woods near Matachin (S. Eayes, 597). Hb. Kew. Allied to P. rohrii and P. rufescens ; differing from the former in its longer pedicels, and from the latter in the venation of the leaves, and from both perhaps in the large size of its fruit. EXPLANATION OP TAB. XVII. Flowers, fruit, and upper leaf, natural size. Pig. 1, a flower, enlarged ; 2, the same with the petals and calyx-lobes removed, the vexillary stamen incorrectly represented as free ; 3, calyx and pistil ; 4, ovary ; 5, section of the same ; 6, keel ; 7, standard ; 8, a wing : all enlarged. 68. PLATYMISCIUM. Platymiscium, Vog. in Linnsea, xi. p. 198 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 548. About thirteen arboreous and shrubby species, endemic in Tropical America. 1. Platymiscium parviflorum, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. suppl. p. 81. Nicaeagua, between Granada and Nicaragua (CErsted). Hb. Kew. 2. Platymiscium polystachyum, Benth. in Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald,' p. Ill, t. 21. Panama, near the town of David (Seemann, 1674). — Colombia ; Venezuela ; West Indies. Hb. Kew. 3. Platymiscium trifoliolatum, Benth. in J ">rn. Linn. Soc. iv. suppl. p. 82. South Mexico, between San Bias and Guadalaxara (Coulter). Hb. Trin. Coll. Dub. 4. Platymiscium, sp. Mexico (Sumichrast, 1753). Hb. Kew. 69. LONCHOCARPUS. Lonchocarpus, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 383; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 548. Trees and shrubs. About fifty species in Tropical America and Africa, one species occurring in Australia. 318 LEGUMINOS^:. 1. LoncllOCarpUS atropurpureus, Benth. in Joum. Linn. Soc. iv. suppl. p. 91. New Spain (Hb. Pavon). — Venezuela ; Colombia to Peru. It is not certain that this species is found within the limits of our flora. 2. Lonchocarpus eriophyllllS, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. suppl. p. 94. South Mexico, Puebla (Andrieux, 439). Hb. Kew. 3. Lonchocarpus guatemalensis, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. suppl. p. 87. Mexico, without locality (Jurgensen, 159) ; Guatemala, without locality (Friedrichs- thal.) Hb. Kew. Var. 0. jurgenseni, Benth. I. c. p. 88. South Mexico (Jurgensen, 247). Hb. Kew. "Var. yl fendleri, Benth. 1. c. p. 88. Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 94). Hb. Kew. 4. LonchocarpUS hondurensis, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. suppl. p. 91. South Mexico, Tabasco (Johnson) ; Brit. Honduras (B. Temple). Hb. Kew. 5. LonchocarpUS latifolius, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 383. South Mexico, Dos Parentes and Totutla (Liebmann) ; Nicaragua, Granada ((Ersted) ; Panama, island of Coiba (Seemann, 627), Aspinwall (S. Hayes, 374). — Common in the West Indies, Guiana, and Colombia. Hb. Kew. Var. /3. violascens, Benth. in hb. Kew., et in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. p. 90, without name. South Mexico, Teapa (Linden, 732). Hb. Kew. 6. LonchocarpUS lanceolatus, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. suppl. p. 92. New Spain (Pavon). Hb. Boissier. 7. LonchocarpUS macrocarpus, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. suppl. p. 91. New Spain (Pavon). — Venezuela to Peru and Bolivia. 8. LonchocarpUS ODOvatus, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. suppl. p. 93. South Mexico, Chilha, Puebla (Andrieux, 440). Hb. Kew. 9. LonchocarpUS parviflorus, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. suppl. p. 89. South Mexico, without locality (Jurgensen, 219) ; Nicaragua, Segovia and Volcan el Viejo ((Ersted). Hb. Kew. 10. LonchocarpUS phaseolifollUS, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. suppl. p. 93. South Mexico, around Tehuantepec (Andrieux, 462). Hb. Kew. 11. LonchocarpUS rugOSUS, Benth. in Joum. Linn. Soc. iv. suppl. p. 92. South Mexico, Campeche (Houston). Hb. Mus. Brit. LEGTTMINOS^. 319 >~ 12. LoncllOCarpus sericeilS, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 383, in adnot. Panama, Lion-Hill railway-station (S. Hayes, 599).— Widely spread in the West Indies and Tropical South America ; also in West Tropical Africa. 13. Lonchocarpus unifoliolatus, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. suppl. p. 90. Mexico (Jurgensen, 717). Hb. Kew. 14. Lonchocarpus velutinus, Benth. in Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald,' p. 111. Panama, San Carlos (Seemann, 1183); Nicaragua, without habitat ((Ersted). Hb. Kew. 15. Lonchocarpus, sp. South Mexico, Acatlan, Puebla (Andrieux, 441); Guatemala, Volcan de Fuego, 4800 feet (Salvin). Hb. Kew. 16. Lonchocarpus, sp. Mexico (Bates). Hb. Kew. Perhaps the same as the preceding. ' 17. Lonchocarpus, sp. Panama (S. Hayes, 1). Hb. Kew. 18. Lonchocarpus?, sp. Gonacatepec (Andrieux, 442). Hb. Kew. 19. Lonchocarpus, sp. South Mexico, region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 2834). Hb. Kew. 20. Lonchocarpus, sp. Guatemala, Barranco Hondo, 3800 feet, Volcan de Fuego (Salvin). Hb. Kew. [The flowers of nos. 15, 16, and 18 are exactly the same ; but the specimens differ considerably in foliage. It is doubtful whether they will be retained in the genus when the fruit is known, as the upper stamen is quite free.] 70. PISCIDIA. Piscidia, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 856 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 550. One arboreous species, endemic in the New World. 1. Piscidia erythrina, Linn., ex Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. suppl. p. 116 ; Lam. Illustr. t. 605. Florida.- — South Mexico, between Acapulco and Mazatlan, in the valley of the river Papagallo, and near La Venta de Tierra Colorada (Humboldt & Bowpland), near Tantoyuca (Ervendberg). — West Indies, and, according to Grisebach, in South America to Guayaquil. 71. MUELLEKA. Muellera, Linn. fil. Suppl. p. 53 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 550. Limited to these two arboreous species, endemic in America : — 320 LEGTJMLNOS.E. 1. Muellera mexicana, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. suppl. p. 117. ? Cyanobotrys mexicana, Zucc. PL Nov. fasc. v. p. 30, t. 5. Mexico. ^2. Muellera moniliformis, Linn, f., ex DC. Prodr. ii. p. 259. Nicaragua, Graytown (Tate, 97) ; Panama, Rio Grande (S. Hayes, 79).— Guiana, North Brazil, and the West Indies. Hb. Kew. 72. ANDIEA. Andira, Lam. Diet. i. p. 171 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 550. Fine trees. About seventeen species inhabiting Tropical America, one of which is also found in West Tropical Africa, where also a second doubtful species occurs. l. Andira excelsa, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 385. Andira racemosa, Lam. 111. t. 604. fig. 1. South Mexico, near la Venta de Tierra Colorada (Humboldt & Bowpland) ; Guate- mala (Friedrichsthal) ; Nicaragua, Lake of Nicaragua (CErsted) ; Costa Rica, La Garita (CErsted); Brit. Honduras, Belize (Marsh) ; Panama, Paraiso railway-station (S. Hayes), without any indications of locality (Seemann & Cuming). — Widely dispersed in the West Indies and Tropical South America ; also in West Tropical Africa. Hb. Kew. v 2. Andira, sp. Nicaragua, between Granada and Nicaragua (CErsted). Hb. Kew. 73. DIPTERYX. Dipteryx, Schreb. Gen. Plant, p. 485 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 551. Eight arboreous species, restricted to Tropical America. 1. Dipteryx oleifera, Benth. in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. ii. p. 235. Mexico ; Honduras. Hb. Kew. Tribe SOPHORE^E. About thirty genera of trees and shrubs belong to this tribe. The species mostly inhabit warm countries, and are generally dispersed ; a few occur in temperate regions. 74. SOPHORA. Sophora, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 508; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 555. Trees, shrubs, and herbs. About twenty-two species, dispersed in the most distant countries, including temperate regions. Different botanists regard the species referred hither by Mr. Bentham as including the types of several distinct genera. L- LEGUMINOS.E. 321 1. Sophora Secundiflora, Lag. Eev. Hort. ser. 4, iii. p. 201, t. 11. Sophora speciosa, Benth. Virgilia secundiflora, Cav. Ic. t. 401. Bermatophyllum speciosum, Scheele. Broussonetia speciosa, Ortega, Dec. 61., t. 7. Texas ; New Mexico. — North Mexico, Einconada Pass, Nuevo Leon (Thurber), Mon- terey, Saltillo, and Parras (Gregg), region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 200). Hb. Kew. 2. Sophora sericea, Nutt. Gen. i. p. 280. Texas ; New Mexico. — North Mexico, San Elceario, Sonora, Coahuila, &c. (Wright), region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 199). Hb. Kew. 3. Sophora tomentosa, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 533 ; Lam. 111. t. 325. fig. 2. Sophora occidentalis, Linn. Panama, Aspinwall (S. Hayes, 152). — Common in the West Indies and in Eastern South America to Brazil ; and in Tropical Asia, Africa, and Australia. Hb. Kew. 75. OEMOSIA. Ormosia, Jacks, in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. p. 360 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 556. Trees, or rarely shrubby. About twenty species, dispersed in Tropical America, Asia, and Africa. 1. Ormosia COCCinea, Jacks, in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. p. 360, t. 25. Panama, Eio Grande railway-station (S. Hayes, 352). — Guiana and North Brazil. Hb. Kew. 2. Ormosia panamensis, Benth. in Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald,' p. 111. Panama, near the town of David (Seemann, 1673). Hb. Kew. 3. Ormosia, sp. Panama, Paraiso railway-station (S. Hayes, 522). Hb. Kew. 76. ATELEIA. Ateleia, Moc. et Sesse, ex DC. Mem. Leg. p. 395 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 558. Two or three species, endemic in Central America and the Antilles. 1. Ateleia pterocarpa, Moc. et Sesse, ex DC. Mem. Leg. p. 394. Mexico. biol. cent.-amer., Bot. Vol. 1, April 1880. 2 1 322 LEGUMMOS^;. 77. MYKOXYLON. Myroxylon, Linn. fil. Suppl. p. 34; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 558. Six arboreous species restricted to America. 1. Myroxylon pereine, Klotzsch in Bonplandia, 1857, p. 274. Myrospermum pereira, Royle. South Mexico, Matlaluca, near Cordova (Finck) ; Guatemala, Esquintla (S. Hayes), Sonsonate (Br. C. Donati). Hb. Kew. ^2. Myroxylon toluifermn, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 375. Myroxylon punctatum, Kl. in Suppl. Hayne's Arzenei-Gew. xiv. t. 12. Guatemala, without exact locality (Skinner). — North part of South Ameeica. Hb. Kew. 78. SWEETIA. Sweetia, Spreng. Syst. Veg. ii. p. 171 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 559. There are ten arboreous species, all peculiar to America, and chiefly to Brazil. V 1. Sweetia panamensis, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. p. 263. Panama, in woods, Paraiso railway-station \S. Hayes, 267). Hb. Kew. Tribe SWARTZLE^]. With the exception of three species belonging to two genera in Tropical Africa, all the species of this tribe are American. It comprises only four genera of trees and tall shrubs. 79. SWARTZIA. Swartzia, Schreb. Gen. Plant, p. 518; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 561. Nearly sixty arboreous species, with the exception of one anomalous species, endemic in America. 1. Swartzia grandiflora, Willd. Sp. Pi. ii. p. 1200. Swartzia simplicifolia, Willd. Swartzia ochnacea, DC. Mem. Leg. p. 405, t. 58. South Mexico, Acapulco (Hinds) ; Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 327).— West Indies and northern parts of South America. Hb. Kew. 2. Swartzia myrti&lia, Smith, in Eees's Cyclop, xxxiv. Swartzia triphylla, DC. Prodr. (ex parte) nee Willd. South Mexico, Teapa (Linden, 738) ; Panama, Obispo Falls (S. Hayes). Hb. Kew. ^3. Swartzia panamensis, Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. fasc. 50, p. 38. Swartzia pinnata, Willd. ? Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald,' p. 113. Panama, Bujio railway-station (S. Hayes), in woods around the Hacienda de Juan Sanas (Seemann, 224). Hb. Kew. LEGUMINOS^. 323 4. Swartzia triphylla, Wilid. Sp. Pi. ii. p. 1220. Swartzia parviflora, DC. Mem. Leg. p. 403, t. 60. Panama, Isle of Taboga (Seemann, 1687). — Northern parts of South America. Hb. Kew Suborder II. C^ESALPINLEM Trees and shrubs, very few herbaceous. Tribe SCLEEOLOBIE^l. This tribe comprises ten genera and about thirty species, exclusively American and chiefly Brazilian ; but only one has hitherto been found in Central America or Mexico. 80. PCEPPIGIA. Poeppigia, Presl, Symb. Bot. i. p. 15 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 562. Three arboreous forms, endemic in America, have been described ; but Mr. Bentham would regard them as varieties of one widely diffused species. ^~ 1. Poeppigia procera, Presl, Symb. Bot. i. p. 16, t. 8. Central Ameeica, without any more precise habitat (Cuming). — West Indies and Tropical South Ameeica. Hb. Kew. Tribe EUCiESALPINIEiE. There are sixteen genera of this tribe, generally diffused in the tropics, and extending to north temperate regions. 81. PELTOPHORUM. Peltophorum, Vog. in Linnsea, xi. p. 406 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 565. A genus of about six species, represented in America, Africa, Asia, and Australia by different species. t- l. Peltophorum, sp. Panama, Lion-Hill railway-station (S. Hayes). Hb. Kew. 82. C^SALPINIA. Casalpinia, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 516 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 565. About forty species of trees and shrubs generally dispersed in warm countries. 1. Caesalpinia (§ Csesalpinaria) affinis, Hemsley, Diag. Pi. Nov. parsl, p. 8. Foliis petiolatis bis paripinnatis pubescentibus, pinnis 4-5-jugis, foliolis parvis 4-6-jugis crebris oblongo-ellipticis obovatisve, floribus amplis subcarnosis dense racemosis, calycis lobis fere 2*2 324 leguminos^:. aequabbus, petalo summo conduplicato fornicato quam csetera minore, filamentis quam petala duplo longioribus. Frutex vel arbor, ramulis crassis. Folia petiolata, pubescentia, vix coriaeea, bis paripinnata, ad 6-pol- licaria ; pinnae 4-5-jugse ; foliola 4-6-juga, crebra, brevissime petiolulata, oblonga, elliptica vel obovata, 6-9 lin. longa, petiolis rhacbibusque teretibus gracilibus. Flores ad sesquipoll. diametro, subcarnosi, glabri, longe pedicellati, racemosi, racemis densis, 3-5-pollicaribus ; calyx 5-lobus, lobis fere agqualibus, oblongo-ellipticis, infimo retuso, casteris apice rotundatis ; petala insequalia, summum conduplicatum, fornicatum, cseteris brevius; stamina 10, declinata, petalis duplo longiora, filamentis basi incrassatis, lanatis ; ovarium velutinum, pauciovulatum, stylo filiformi, recurvo, staminibus aequilongo. Legumen ignotum. Guatemala, without locality (Skinner). Hb. Kew. Allied to C. cacalaco, H. B. K., but differing in its hairy leaves, nearly equal calyx- lobes, &c. 2. CsBSalpillia bonducella, Koxb. Fl. Ind. Or. ii. p. 357. Ctesalpinia bonduc, Ait. nee Roxb. Guilandina bonducella, Linn. This plant is widely dispersed on the sea-shores of nearly all tropical countries, including South Mexico, Papantla (Schiede & Deppe) ; Costa Pica, Puntarenas ((Ersted) ; Panama (Cuming). Hb. Kew. 3. CaBSalpillia cacalaco, Humb. et Bonpl. PI. TEquin. ii. p. 173, t. 137. South Mexico, Tehuacan, San Carlos, and Oaxaca (Liebmann), plateaus at 4000 to 5000 feet, Oaxaca (Galeotti, 3247), between the town of Chilpancingo and the village of Zumpango, 3000 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland). Hb. Kew. 4. Cassalpinia coriaria, Willd. Sp. PL ii. p. 532. Poinciana coriaria, Jacq. Am. 1. 175. fig. 36. South Mexico, Tehuantepec (Andrieux, 408). — Venezuela, Jamaica, Trinidad, and Hatti. Hb. Kew. 5. CaesalpMa eriostachys, Benth. in Seem. Bot. Voy. < Herald,' p. 88. Costa Eica, Nicoya (Hinds) ; Nicaragua, Segovia ((Ersted) ■ San Salvador, port of Acajutla (S. Hayes, 459), without locality (Wendland). Hb. Kew. 6. Caesalpillia exOStemma, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 483 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl Mex 218. Nicaragua ((Ersted) ; Guatemala (Wendland). Hb. Kew. 7. CsBSalpinia (§Coulteria) gracilis, Benth. in Hemsley, Diag. PL Nov. pars 1 p. 9. Fruticosa glabra, ramulis rhacbibusque foborum gracillimis, fobis bis paripinnatis, pinnis trijugis, loliolu .5-4-jugis, flonbus pedicellatis racemosis, racemis paucifloris, calyce furfuraceo, vexillo sessih, nlamentis basi incrassatis barbatis Frutex ramulis gracilbmis. Folia glabra, petiolata, bis paripinnata, 3-4 poll, longa et lata, pinna: oistantes, tnjugse ; foliola 3-4-juga, petiolulata, membranacea, elliptica vel fere orbiculata 5-7 lEG-UMLNOS^l. 325 lin. longa, utrinque rotundata vel apice ssepius retusa, petiolulis semilin. longis, rhachibus gracillimis. Flores graciliter pedieellati, racemosi, polygami (?) ; racemi pauciflori, foliis oppositi brevioresque j calyx furfuraceus, segmento infimo multo majore fimbriate, cseteris spathulatis ; vexillum sessile, villosum ; stamina 12, filamentis basi incrassatis, barbatis ; ovarium .... Legumen stipitatum, oblique oblongum, sesqui- usque bipollicare, fere mem- branaceum, dispermum, seminibus orbiculatis compressis. North Mexico, Sonora Alta (Coulter, 485). Hb. Kew. A very distinct species in its slender habit and few distant flowers. 8. Caesalpinia glabrata, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 326. South Mexico, near Tantoyuca (Ervendberg, 229). — Peru. 9. Caesalpinia laxa, Benth. Pi. Hartw. p. 60. North Mexico, Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Eaton & Edwards) ; South Mexico, Teojo- mulco (Hartweg, 455). Hb. Kew. 10. Caesalpinia mexicana, A. Gray, in Proc. Am. Acad. v. p. 157. New Mexico ; Lower California. — North Mexico, Chihuahua and Nuevo Leon (Berlandier), Monterey (Eaton & Edwards). Hb. Kew. 11. Caesalpinia pulcherrima, Sw. Obs. p. 166. Poinciana pulcherrima, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 554; Bot. Mag. t. 995. North Mexico, Ures, Sonora (Schott) ; South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 2301), State of Mexico (Andrieux, 413), without localities (Jurgensen, Bates, &c); Guatemala, Esquintla (Velasquez) ; Central America, without any more definite locality (Barclay). — Northern parts of South America, West Indies, Galapagos, and Sandwich Islands. Hb. Kew. 12. Caesalpinia, sp. South Mexico (Beechey); Nicaragua, Segovia ((Ersted). Hb. Kew. 13. Caesalpinia, sp. (§ Coulteria). South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 873). Hb. Kew. 83. HOFFMANSEGGIA. Hoffmanseggia, Cav. Ic. iv. p. 63 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 567. About fifteen species of herbs or dwarf shrubs, with the exception of two in South- Africa, natives of America, chiefly of the western side, from Texas to Patagonia. 1. Hoffmanseggia densiflora, A. Gray, Pi. Wright, i. p. 55. Texas ; New Mexico, to — North Mexico, Chihuahua (Potts). Hb. Kew. 2. Hoffmanseggia drummondii, Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. i. p. 393. Texas ; New Mexico to — North Mexico, Matamoras to Goliad (Berlandier). Hb. Kew. 326 LEGTJMINOS.E. 3. Hoflmanseggia gladiata, Benth. in A. Gray, PL Wright, i. p. 57, in adnot. South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter). Hb. Kew. 4. Hoflmanseggia humilis, Hemsley. Pomaria humilis, Mart, et Gal. in Bull. Acad. Brux. x. pars 2, p. 303. South Mexico, damp places at 6000 to 7000 feet, Oaxaca (Galeotti, 3228). Hb. Kew. 5. Hoflmanseggia melanosticta, A. Gray, PL Wright, i. p. 54. Pomaria melanosticta, Schauer in Linnsea, xx. p. 748. North Mexico, Binconada and Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Edwards), Buena Vista and in a valley near Azufrora (Gregg). Hb. Kew. 6. Hoflmanseggia OXycarpa, Benth. in A. Gray, PL Wright, i. p. 55. Texas ; New Mexico. — North Mexico, Monterey (Eaton & Edwards). Hb. Kew. 7. Hoflmanseggia platycarpa, Benth. in A. Gray, PL Wright, i. p. 57, in adnot. Mexico (Coulter, 486). Hb. Kew. 8. Hoflmanseggia Stricta, Benth. in A. Gray, PL Wright, i. p. 56. Texas ; New Mexico. — Noeth Mexico, Zacatecas (Coulter, 488), region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 202). Hb. Kew. 84. H^EMATOXYLON. Hamatoxylon, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 525 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 567. The genus is limited to this one arboreous species : — 1. HaematOXylon campechianum, Linn. Sp. PL p. 549 ; Hayne, Arzenei-Gew. ix. t. 44 ; Karst. EL. Columb. t. 114. South Mexico, Mazatlan (Liebmann, Seemann), Tehuantepec (Liebmann), Yucatan (Johnson) ; Nicaragua, Culebra (Hinds). — West Indies and States of Colombia. Hb. Kew. 85. SCHIZOLOBIUM. Schisolobium, Vog. in Linnsea, xi. p. 399 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 569. Besides the following there is one Brazilian species. l l. Schizolobium, sp. Panama, in woods near Empire railway-station (S. Hayes, 584). Hb. Kew. 86. CERCIDIUM. Cercidium, Tul. in Arch. Mus. Par. iv. p. 133 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 570. Three or four shrubby and arboreous species, in Mexico, Central America, Venezuela, and Mendoza. LEGUMINOS^:. 327 1. Cercidium floridum, Benth. in A. Gray, PI. Wright, i. p. 58, in adnot. Texas ; California.— North Mexico, Sonora Alta (Coulter, 489), Monterey (Eaton & Edwards), Cerralvo (Wislizenus), between Monterey and Matamoras (Gregg). Hb. Kew. 2. Cercidium, sp. (? Cercidii spinosi var.). Nicaragua, Tepitapa ((Ersted). Hb. Kew. 87. PAEKINSONIA. Parkinsonia, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 513 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 570. Four arboreous species, whereof two are endemic in Mexico and the adjoining countries to the north, one in South Africa, and the other is widely dispersed. 1. Parkinsonia aculeata, Linn. Hort. Cliff, p. 147, 1. 13. North Mexico, between Matamoras and Eeynosa (Gregg), Sonora Alta (Coulter), region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 203) ; South Mexico, Oaxaca and Guanaxuato (Galeotti, 3211 ; Ghiesbreght) ; Nicaragua ((Ersted); Costa Eica ((Ersted).— Widely dispersed in Tropical and Subtropical America and the West Indies ; commonly cultivated and naturalized in Asia and Africa. Hb. Kew. 2. Parkinsonia microphylla, Torr. Pacif.-Eailroad Eep. iv. p. 8. California. — North Mexico, Sonora Alta (Coulter, 490). Hb. Kew. 3. Parkinsonia torreyana, Watson, in Proc. Am. Acad. xi. p. 135. Cercidium floridum, Torr. Pacif.-Railr. Rep. v. p. 360, t. 3, nee Benth. California. — Mexico. Tribe CASSIE^E. Besides Cassia, ten other genera are referred hither ; they are chiefly trees and shrubs, and are generally dispersed in tropical countries. 88. CASSIA. Cassia, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 514; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 571 ; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. Trees, shrubs, and herbs. About 340 species, generally dispersed in warm countries, but most numerous in America, extending from Massachusetts to Chili. 1. Cassia alata, Linn. Sp. Pi. p. 541. Cassia herpetica, Jacq. Obs. ii. p. 24, t. 45. fig. 2. Nicaragua, Segovia ((Ersted); Panama, Empire railway-station (S. Eayes, 430).— Nearly all over the West Indies and Tropical America ; also common in Tropical Asia and in Western Africa, though perhaps indigenous only in America. Hb. Kew. 328 LEGTTMINOS^. 2. Cassia andrieuxii, Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 548. South Mexico, in the State of Puebla (Andrieux, 414), without special locality {Bates). Hb. Kew. 3. Cassia argentea, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 358. South Mexico, on the banks of the river Mescala (Humboldt & Bonpland). 4. Cassia atomaria, Linn. Mant. p. 68 ; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 548. Cassia nutans, Collad. Hist. Cass. t. 4. Cassia mollissima, Humb. et Bonpl. South Mexico, without locality (Jurgensen) ; Centeal Ameeica, without locality (Barclay). — Colombia to Peeu. Hb. Kew. Var. glabrata, Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 548. New Spain (Pavon). Hb. Boiss. 5. Cassia batiUaris, Linn. fil. Suppl. p. 231 ; Fl. Bras. t. 31 ; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. t. 62. Cassia puberula, H. B. K. South Mexco, in thickets near Vera Cruz (Schiede & Beppe), Yucatan and Tabasco (Johnson) ; Nicaeagua, Masaya ((Ersted) ; Costa Rica, San Jose (Polakowshy) ; Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 82, 87). — And northern part of South Ameeica and West Indies. Hb. Kew. 6. Cassia bauhinioides, A. Gray, PI. Lindh. in Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. vi. p. 1 80. Texas; New Mexico. — Noeth Mexico, Chihuahua, Durango, and Sonora (ex Torrey), Chiricahui Mountains (Wright), Santa Ros&(Gregg), region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 206). Hb. Kew. 7. Cassia berlandieri, Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 520. South Mexico, Tula to Tampico (Berlandier, 2293 and 2294), between Boca del Potrero and Tolima (Liebmann, 35). Hb. Kew. 8. Cassia bicapsularis,Linn.Sp.Pl.p.538; Benth.inTrans.Linn.Soc.xxvii.p.525. Cassia ovalifolia, Mart, et Gal. Cassia alcaparillo, H. B. K. Cassia sennoides, Jacq. Ic. PI. Ear. 1. 170. Noeth Mexico, San Luis Potosi to Tampico (Palmer, 1052) ; South Mexico, Tepic (Sinclair), Cordillera of Vera Cruz at 3000 feet (Galeotti, 3260), valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1624), Yucatan and Tabasco (Johnson, 47) ; Guatemala, Volcan de Fuego, 5000 feet (Salvin) ; Costa Eica ((Ersted) ; Panama (Halsted).— Southward to South Beazil and Chili. Hb. Kew. 9. Cassia biflora, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 540 ; Bot. Mag. t. 810 ; Bot. Reg. t. 1310. Cassia acapulcensis, H. B. K. Cassia geminiflora, Mop. et Sesse. Cassia xiphoidea, Bertol. South Mexico, Acapulco (Sinclair), Potrero de Consoquitla (Liebmann) ; Guatemala LEGTJMINOS^E. 329 (Wendland & Skinner); Nicaragua, between Eealejo and Granada (CErsted), Tigre Island, Gulf of Fonseca, &c. (Sinclair); Costa Eica (CErsted). — West Indies and northern part of South America. Hb. Kew. 10. Cassia botteriana, Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 542. South Mexico, Orizaba (Botteri, 784 ; Bourgeau, 3047), San Bias to Tepic (Coulter). Hb. Kew. 11. Cassia brevipes, DC. in Collad. Hist. Cass. p. 119, t. 9. Costa Eica, between Jaris and Pacaca (CErsted); Panama, in stony places, meadows, &c. near the city of Panama (Seemann). Hb. Kew. 12. Cassia calycioides, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 503. Texas. — Mexico (Berlandier, 2036). — Brazil. Hb. Kew. 13. Cassia chamaecrista, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 542 ; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 576. Cassia triflora, Jacq. Hort. Schoenb. t. 480. Cassia pulchella, Salisb. Canada to — Mexico, Cerro de Pinal (Seemann, 1528), Vilalpando (Mendez); Guate- mala, Volcan de Fuego, Capetillo, 4600 feet (Salvin). — And southward to Uruguay and Banda Oriental. Hb. Kew. There is probably more than one species included under this name by Mr. Bentham. 14. Cassia Cinerea, Ch. et Schl. in Linnsea, v. p. 559. South Mexico, Laguna Salada, Vera Cruz (Idebmann, 28), on the sandy sea-shore between Tecoluta and Villa Eica, common (Schiede & Beppe), on the Pacific coast of Oaxaca (Galeotti, 3408). Hb. Kew. 15. Cassia crotalarioides, Kunth, Mim. p. 132, t. 40. Cassia apiculata, Mart, et Gal. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 206, 207); South Mexico, Tehuacan (Galeotti, 3218), Zimapan (Coulter), between the mine of La Valencia and the city of Guanaxuato, 6600 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland). Var. leilCOphylla, Benth. in hb. Kew. North Mexico, Sonora Alta (Coulter). Hb. Kew. 16. Cassia densiflora, Mart, et Gal. in Bull. Acad. Brux. xii. p. 304. South Mexico, Guatulco, Oaxaca (Liebmann, Galeotti, 3188), without locality (Jurgensen). Hb. Kew. 17. Cassia diphylla, Linn. Sp. PL p. 537; Cav. Ic. t. 600. South Mexico, Mirador (Linden, 713), Cordillera of Vera Cruz, at 3000 feet (Galeotti), in meadows between Mesachica and Mapilque (Schiede & Beppe) ; Gua- temala (Friedrichsthal) ; Nicaragua, isle of Cordon, near Eealejo (CErsted), Volcan biol. cent.-amer., Bot. Vol. 1, April 1880. 2 u 330 LEGUMINOS^:. e\Vxe]o ((Ersted); Panama, Isle of Taboga (Seemann, 1035).-And common in the West Indies and Tropical South America. Hb. Kew. 18. Cassia emargiliata, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 538 ; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 548. Cassia canescens et C. elliptica, H. B. K. South Mexico, Venta Salada, valley of Tehnacan (Liebmann, 63), Oaxaca (Jurgensen, 18), Campeche (Humboldt & Bonpland). —Wvsr Indies and northern part of South Amekica. Hb. Kew. [19. Cassia fistula, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 540; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 514. Cassia fistuloides, Collad. Hist. Cass. t. 1. A native of Tropical Asia and Africa. Sometimes planted in Ameeica, Vera Cruz (Liebmann), Campeche (Humboldt & Bonpland). Hb. Kew.J ' 20. Cassia flexUOSa, Linn. Gen. PL p. 543 ; Breyn. Cent. t. 23. Cassia arenaria, H. B. K. Costa Rica, between Tortuga and Sapoa ((Ersted).— Southward to Uruguay. Hb. Kew. 1" 21. Cassia foliolosa, Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 544. Guatemala (Skinner in Hb. Lindley), 1 Volcan de Fuego, 6500 feet (Salvin). Hb. Kew. 22. Cassia galeottiana, Martens in Bull. Acad. Brux. x. pars 2, p. 305. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 208) ; South Mexico, Oaxaca, cactus savannas, at 5500 feet (Galeotti, 3227), between Chalco and Gonacatepec (Andrieux, 421), between Acapulco and Tehuacan (Z^wwm«, 19). Hb. Kew. 23. Cassia glandldosa, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 542 ; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 576. Cassia propinqua et C. ramosissima, H. B. K. South Mexico, in meadows near Mesachica (Schiede & Deppe), Mount Jomllo (Humboldt & Bonpland). — Colombia to Peru, Guiana, and Brazil. Hb. Kew. I 24. Cassia grammica, Spreng. Neue Entd. iii. p. 55. Nicaragua, Volcan el Viejo ((Ersted). — Cuba. ^ 25. Cassia grandlS, Linn. fil. Suppl. p. 230 ; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 515. Cassia brasiliana, Lam. Cathartocarpus brasilianus, Jacq. Fragm. p. 59, t. 85. fig. 3. Panama, without special locality (Seemann). — West Indies ; Colombia, Guiana, and Brazil. Hb. Kew. 26. Cassia greggii, A. Gray, PI. Wright, i. p. 59. North Mexico, Victoria de Tamaulipas (Berlandier), Monterey (Eaton &Edwards),neax Rinconada, Cerralvo, and Monterey (Gregg), north of Monterey (Wislizenus). Hb. Kew. LEGTJMLNOS^l. 331 27. Cassia hirsuta, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 540 ; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 534. Cassia caracasana, Jacq. Hort. Schoenb. t. 270. South Mexico (Jurgensen, 522), region of Orizaba (JBourgeau, 2816) ; Guatemala, llano below Volcan de Fuego (Salvin & Godman, 44). — Tropical South Ameeica. Hb. Kew. 28. Cassia Mspidula, Vahl, Eel. iii. p. 10 ; Bentb. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 559. Cassia leidntha, Benth. Cassia fagonioides, Vog. Cassia lotoides, H. B. K. South Mexico, Vera Cruz (Linden, Liebmann), between Vanila and Mazatlan, and Mirador (Liebmann) ; Costa Rica, Barba (CErsted). — And northern part of South America. Hb. Kew. 29. Cassia inaequilatera, Balb. in DC. Prodr. ii. p. 490. South Mexico, Trapiche de la Conception, Oaxaca (Liebmann, 32), without locality (Hahn). — Venezuela. Hb. Kew. 30. Cassia laevigata, Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. p. 441 ; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 527. Cassia elegans, H. B. K. Cassia kerbertiana, Lindl. Bot. Beg. t. 1422. California. — South Mexico, near Jalapa (Schiede & Deppe, Galeotti), Orizaba (Botteri, 713 ; Bourgeon, 2499, 2825) ; Costa Eica, Alajuela (PolaJcowsJcy). — Common in South America to Brazil; also widely spread in the tropics of the Old World, though probably introduced in most places. Hb. Kew. 31. Cassia leiophylla, Vog. Syn. Cass. p. 25. Var. ? pubescens, Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 542. Cassia pumila, Mart, et Gal., nee DC. South Mexico, Jalapa (Galeotti, 3312), valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1536); Nica- ragua, Tortuga ((Ersted).— Peru. Hb. Kew. The typical plant inhabits Brazil and Peru. ^ 32. Cassia leptOCarpa, Benth. in Linnsea, xxii. p. 528. New Mexico. — North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 204), San Pedro, Sonora (Wright) ; South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1623) ; Costa Pica, San Jose (CErsted).— And in South America to Brazil. Hb. Kew. 33. Cassia liebmannii, Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 549. South Mexico, Santiago Estola, Oaxaca (Liebmann, 41). Hb. Kew. 34. Cassia lMheimeriaiia, Scheele in Linnsea, xxi. p. 457. Texas —North Mexico, Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Plotz), Sonora (Schott). Hb. Kew. 2u 2 332 LEGTJMINOS^. 35. Cassia mexicana, Jacq. Hort. Schoenb. ii. t. 203. South Mexico, Mirador (Liebmann, 90), without locality (Parkinson), region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 2877).— San Domingo. Var. ? grandiflora, Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 530. South Mexico, Vera Cruz to Orizaba (Mutter), Alpatlahua (Liebmann, 91). Hb. Kew. i, 36. Cassia mimosoides, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 543 ; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 579. Cassia mschynomene, DC. in Collad. Hist. Cassia, t. 17. An exceedingly variable and widely diffused species both in Teopical Ameeica and the tropical countries of the Old Woeld ; — but apparently rare in Centeal Ameeica, and not seen from Mexico; Nicaeagua, Volcan el Viejo ((Ersted). Hb. Kew. I' 37. Cassia moSChata, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 358 ; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 516, t. 26. Panama, Rio-Grande railway-station (S. Hayes). — Peeu and Guiana. Hb. Kew. 38. Cassia multiflora, Mart, et Gal. in Bull. Acad. Brux. x. 2, p. 307. South Mexico, damp woods, at 6000 to 7000 feet, near Oaxaca (Galeotti, 3169), Tehuacan (Liebmann, 88), between Chila and Huanapan (Andrieux, 416), Cuernavaca (Bilimek, 143); Guatemala, without habitat (Wendland). Hb. Kew. 39. Cassia multijuga, Rich, in Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. de Paris, p. 108 ; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 546. Cassia richardiana, Kunth, Mim. p. 139, t. 42. Cassia selloi, Don, G-en. Syst. ii. p. 442. Cassia magnifica, Mart. Fl. Bras. p. 106. Cassia calliantha, Mey. Prim. Fl. Esseq. p. 169. South Mexico, Jocotepec, Chinantla (Liebmann, 21). — A common species in South America to Tucuman and South Beazil. Hb. Kew. ^ 40. Cassia nicaraguensis, Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 552. South Mexico, Guatulco, Oaxaca (Liebmann, 87); Nicaeagua, Segovia ((Ersted); Costa Rica, San Jose" ((Ersted). Hb. Kew. 41. Cassia nictitans, Linn. Sp. PL p. 543; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc xxvii p. 578. In North America from Indiana and Pennsylvania to— South Mexico, Guatulco Oaxaca (Liebmann, 31).— Also in the West Indies, Guiana, and Venezuela. Hb. Kew! 42. Cassia OCCidentalis, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 539 ; Bot.Reg. t. 83; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 532. Floeida and Louisiana to— Mexico, between Oaxaca and Mitla (Andrieux, 417) valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1800); Nicaeagua, Graytown (Tate, 40); Panama' Chagres (Fendler, 85).— And southward to Chili and Ueuguat; also in Tropical Asia and Afbica, though possibly of American origin. Hb. Kew. LEGTJMINOSJS. 333 43. Cassia Oxyphylla, Kunth, Mim. p. 129, t. 39 ; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 521. Cassia hartwegii, Benth. Cassia fagifolia, Bertol. South Mexico, Chinantla, Oaxaca (IAebmann ; Jurgensen, 724) ; Guatemala, Volcan de Fuego, Barranca Honda, 3800 feet (Salvin) ; Costa Eica, Aguacate ((Ersted); Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 88), Panama railway-station (S. Hayes, 403). — Colombia and Venezuela. Hb. Kew. 44. Cassia patellaria, DC. in Collad. Hist. Cass. p. 125, t. 16. Texas. — South Mexico, Orizaba (Botteri, 668 ; Bourgeau, 2673) ; Nicaragua, Masaya ((Ersted); Costa Pica ((Ersted). — Also in the West Indies and South America. Hb. Kew. "*" 45. Cassia pauciflora, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 360. Cassia camporum, Benth. Cassia punctata, Hook, et Am. North Mexico, Cerro de Pinal (Seemann, 1537) ; South Mexico, near La Venta del Peregrino (Humboldt & Bonpland), Tepic (Beechey) ; Nicaragua, Kealejo (Hinds). — Brazil. Hb. Kew. 46. Cassia pentagonia, Mill. Diet. ed. 8, no. 18 ; Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras, p. 114, t. 34. Central America. — Brazil. 47. Cassia pilifera, Vog. Syn. Cass. p. 23 ; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 536. Cassia maritima, Willd. Panama, Paraiso railway-station (S. Hayesf 531), without locality (Seemann, 226). — Southward to South Brazil. Hb. Kew. 48. Cassia polyantha, Moc. et Sesse in Collad. Hist. Cass. p. 112, t. 2. Cassia browniana, Kunth, Mim. t. 41. South Mexico, Mitla, near Oaxaca (Andrieux, 419, 420), San Sebastian (Hartweg), without locality (Jurgensen, 705). Hb. Kew. 49. Cassia procumbens, Linn. Herb, et Sp. PL p. 543, ex parte ; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 578. Cassia pygmcea, DC. Texas. — South Mexico, Vera Cruz (Houston); Costa Pica ((Ersted). — San Domingo; Cuba. Hb. Kew. 50. Cassia pumilio, A. Gray, PI. Lindh. in Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. vi. p. 180. Texas ; New Mexico. — North Mexico, San Luis Potosi to San Antonio (Parry, 210). Hb. Kew. 51. Cassia reticulata, Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. p. 443 ; Benth. 1. c. p. 550. Cassia strobilacea et Cassia tarantan, H. B. K. South Mexico, Yucatan and Tabasco (Johnson) ; Nicaragua, Tortuga ((Ersted) ; 334 LEGUMINOS^. Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 95), near the city of Panama (S. Hayes),— to Peru and North Brazil. Hb. Kew. 52. Cassia riparia, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 369. Cassia par keriana, DC. Central America. — West Indies ; Guiana ; North Brazil. 53. Cassia rotnndifolia, Pers. Syn. i. p. 456 ; Benth. in Trans. linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 570. Mexico, Talisco (Beechey), Jorullo (Humboldt & Bonpland), region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 3368). — Widely spread in South America, southward to Uruguay. Var. bauhinisefolia, Kunth, Mim. t. 37 (species). Cassia fabagiruefolia, H. B. K. North Mexico, Cerro de Pinal (Seemann). — Also in the West Indies. Hb. Kew. 54. Cassia sericea, Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. p. 724 ; Benth. in Trans. linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 536. Cassia sensitiva, Jacq. Ic. liar. t. 459. Texas. — North Mexico, San Luis Potosi to Tanvpico (Palmer, 1058); South Mexico, Tula to Tampico (Berlandier, 2327), near Actopan (Schiede & Beppe) ; Central America (Beechey). — West Indies and North Brazil. Hb. Kew. V 55. Cassia serpens, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 541, nee Vogel. Cassia prostrata, H. B. K. South Mexico, savannas near the Pacific Ocean, Oaxaca, at 1000 feet (Galeotti, 3183); Nicaragua, Eealejo (Hinds). — West Indies and north part of South America. Hb. Kew. ^56. Cassia Skinneri, Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 542. Guatemala (Skinner), Duenas (Salvin & Godman). Hb. Kew. 57. Cassia SOphera, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 542; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 532. Central America. — West Indies ; north part of South America ; also in Tropical Asia, Africa, and Australia, but probably introduced in some places. Hb. Kew. ^58. Cassia SpectabillS, DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. p. 90; Collad. Hist. Cass. t. 7. Cassia humboldtiana, DC. Cassia speciosa, H. B. K., nee Schrad. South Mexico, Tantoyuca (Ervendberg), Potrero, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1755) ; Costa Rica, Puntarenas (CErsted). — West Indies and northern part of South America Hb. Kew. v 59. Cassia stenocarpa, Vog. Syn. Cass. p. 68. Nicaragua, Segovia ((Ersted). — South America on the eastern side to Uruguay Hb. Kew. LEatJMINOS^. 335 60. Cassia tagera, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 538 ; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 570. Cassia kunthiana, Ch. et Schl. South Mexico, Tolipa and Mirador (Liebmann, 83, 84), Cordillera of Vera Cruz, at 3000 feet (Galeotti, 3291 ; Linden, 1312), Orizaba (Botteri, 574, 691), hills near Hacienda de la Laguna (Schiede & Leppe), valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 2289) ; Costa Eica ((Ersted) ; Panama, in meadows near the city of Panama (Seemann, 217). — And north part of South America. Hb. Kew. 61. Cassia tomentosa, Linn. fil. Suppl. p. 231. Cassia multiglandulosa, Jacq. Ic. Rar. i. t. 72. South Mexico, valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 324); Central America. — Colombia and Brazil ; also in Tropical Asia and South Africa, where, however, it is doubtfully indigenous. Hb. Kew. 62. Cassia tora, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 538 ; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 535. Cassia humilis, Collad. Southern States of North America. — South Mexico, Guatulco (Liebmann), on sandy hills near Vera Craz(Schiede & Deppe), Cuernavaca(5oMr^eaM,1194); Nicaragua ((Ersted); Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 92). — And common in South America to Uruguay. Hb. Kew. 63. Cassia tristicula, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 367. Cassia flavicoma, Benth. Cassia rusa, Mart, et Gal. South Mexico, Orizaba (Botteri, 445, 667; Bourgeau, 2866), Mirador (Linden, 686 ; Liebmann, 27 ; Schiede), Zimapan (Coulter) ; Costa Eica, San Jose (PolaJcowsky) ; Panama, Paraiso railway-station (S. Hayes). — Colombia. Hb. Kew. 64. Cassia lUldulata, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. ii. p. 76. Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 86), without localities (Seemann, 453 ; Sinclair). — West Indies and north part of South America. Hb. Kew. 65. Cassia villosa, Mill. Diet. ed. 8, n. 4 ; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 536 ; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 106. Cassia astroites, Ch. et Schl. South Mexico, Tehuantepec (Andrieux, 418), between Santiago Estata and Vamba, Oaxaca (Liebmann, 20), Plan del Eio (Schiede & Deppe). Hb. Kew. ^" 66. Cassia virgata, Sw. fl Ind. Occ. ii. p. 728. Cassia glandulosa, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3435. Guatemala, Bano de los Padres (Bernoulli, 296). — Colombia; Guiana; and common throughout the West Indies. Hb. Kew. 67. Cassia VOgeliana, Schl. in Linnsea, xii. p. 342. South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter; Galeotti, 3372), Eegla and Aguas Calidas (JEhren- ierg). Hb. Kew. 336 LEGTTMIJSTOS^:. 68. Cassia wislizeni, A. Gray, PL Wright, i. p. 60. Texas; New Mexico.— North Mexico, San Bernardino, Sonora (Thurier), Agua Pireta (Wright); South Mexico, between Tampico and Real del Monte (Berlandier). Hb. Kew. 69. Cassia Wlightii, A. Gray, PI. Wright, ii. p. 50. New Mexico.— North Mexico, Sonora (Wright, Schoti). Hb. Kew. 70. Cassia, sp. South Mexico, region of Orizaba (JBourgeau, 2875). Hb. Kew. 71. Cassia, sp. South Mexico, Cacahuamilpa (BilimeJc, 141). Hb. Kew. 72. Cassia, sp. C? C. chamcechristce var.) Guatemala, Capetillo, Volcan de Fuego (Salvin). Hb. Kew. , 73. Cassia, sp. Panama, islands, bay of Panama (Hinds), dense woods near the city of Panama (S. Hayes, 694). Hb. Kew. 74. Cassia, sp. Nicaragua, Chontales (Tate, 118). Hb. Kew. Tribe BAUHINIE^E. Bauhinia and two other genera constitute this tribe. 89. BAUHINIA. Bauhinia, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 511 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 575. About 130 species of trees and shrubs, generally dispersed in the tropics, rarer in subtropical regions. l. Bauhinia (§ Pauletia) andrieuxii, Hemsl. Diag. Pi. Nov. pars. 3, p. 48. Puberula, ramis tuberculatis, foliis parvis suborbicularibus bilobatis 9-nerviis, floribus mediocribus, calyce spatbaceo, petalis late ellipticis brevissime unguiculatis, staminibus omnibus perfectis, filamentis (fere liberis) glabris alternis brevioribus, ovario hirsuto, legumine breviter stipitato, immaturo lineari ferrugineo-tomentoso. Frutex dense ramosus, ramis brevibus, graciliusculis, tuberculatis, primum puberulis, internodiis quam folia multo brevioribus. Folia petiolata, bilobata, vix coriacea, orbiculari-cordiformia, maxima sesquipoll. diametro, 8 lineas longa, 11-nervia, subtus pubescentia, supra glabra; stipulse minutae, cito deciduae. Flores mediocres, racemosi ; racemi extraaxillares, oppositifolii, 3-4-flori; pedicelli 2-3 lineas longi ; calyx pubescens, spathaceus; petala brevissime unguiculata, late elliptica, ad 8 lineas longa, venosa, extus apicem versus leviter birsuta ; stamina 10., omnia perfecta, filamentis fere liberis glabris tenuibus, alternis brevioribus ; ovarium breviter stipitatum, hirsutum. Legumen immaturum lineare, yix tripollicare, dense ferrugineo-tomentosum. South Mexico, neighbourhood of Oaxaca (Andrieux, 411). Hb. Kew. ° 2. Bauhinia COlumbiensis, Vog. in LinnEea, xiii. p. 313. Panama, island of Coiba (Seemann). — Colombia. LEGTJMINOS^. 337 3. BauMnia ($ Casparia) dipetala, Hemsley, Diag. PL Nov. pars 3, p. 48. Glabrescens, foliis graciliter petiolatis cordiformibus bilobatis, lobis obtusissimis, floribus parvis, calyce basi tubuloso spathaceo, petalis 2 parvis barbatis, staminibus 9 sterilibus fere ad apicem connatis tubo intus hirsuto, stamine 1 perfecto longe exserto, filamento incrassato glabra, antbera magna, ovario longe stipitato birsuto, legumine glabra nitido tenuiter coriaceo semi- pedali et ultra. Frutex vel arbor, ramis crassiusculis, teretibus, cito glabris. Folia graciliter petiolata, membranacea, cordiformia vel basi rotundata, sine petiolo 2i-3|-pollicaria, glaberrima, 9-nervia, bilobata, inter lobos aristulata, lobis ad pollicaribus obtusissimis vel rotundatis, petiolo l-l^-pollicari, basi et apice incrassato ; stipulse minutae, valde deciduse. Flares parvi, racemosi, breviter pedi- cellati; racemi densi, extraaxillares, 1^-3-pollicares ; calyx ad 10 lineas longus, glaber vel puberulus, basi tubulosus, spathaceus, dentibus parvis, subulatis ; petala 2 lateralia tantum evoluta, linearia, ad 3 lineas longa, barbata ; stamen 1 perfectum longe exsertum, filamento incrassato, glabro, sesquipollicari, antbera magna, leviter barbata ; stamina 9 sterilia brevia, fere ad apicem connata, tubo intus hirsuto ; ovarium longe stipitatum, birsutum. Legumen glabrum, nitidum, planum, tenuiter coriaceum, 5^— 6J poll, longum, 6-7 lineas latum, stipite ad 10 lineas longo. South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1713, 2197). Hb. Kew. 4. Bauhinia excisa, Hemsl. Schnella excisa, Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 214. Panama (ex Orisebach). — Trinidad. 5. Bauhinia heterophylla, Kunth, Mim. t. 46 ; H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 319. Panama (Seemann, 222). — West Indies and Venezuela. Hb. Kew. 6. Bauhinia (§ Schnella) hymenaeaefolia, Triana, MSS. in Hb. Kew. Foliis graciliter petiolatis glaberrimis cordiformibus bifoliolatis, foliolis oblique ovatis vel oblongis, floribus amplis, calycis tubo latissimo 15-costato, dentibus parvis ovato-oblongis, petalis oblongis deorsum attenuatis extus densissime sericeo-ferrugineo-tomentosis, staminibus 10 liberis, 5 antberiferis, antberis barbatis, filamentis filiformibus glabris, ovario sessili dense hirsuto. Frutex alte scandens, ramis crassis, primum puberulis. Folia graciliter petiolata, cordiformia, bifobolata; foliola coriacea, oblique ovato-oblonga, 2-3-pollicaria, obtusa, cito glaberrima, ssepe nitida, 5-nervia, petiolo 2-3-pollicari, basi et apice incrassato et puberulo ; stipulse a nobis non visse. Flores albi, ampli, racemosi, breviter pedicellati ; racemi terminales et laterales, pauciflori; calycis puberuli tubus ventricosus, ad 7 lineas latus et altus, 15-costatus ; lobi parvi, ovato- oblongi ; petala oblonga, sesquipollicaria et ultra, deorsum attenuata, extus densissime sericeo- ferrugineo-tomentosa ; stamina omnia libera, 5 antherifera, antberis barbatis, filamentis filifor- mibus glabris ; ovarium sessile, dense birsutum. Legumen ignotum. Panama, in woods, Paraiso railway-station (S. Hayes, 635). — Colombia. Hb. Kew. 7. Bauhinia inermis, Pers. Ench. i. p. 455. Pauletia inermis, Cav. Ic. v. t. 409. South Mexico, Acapulco (Sinclair), valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1712) ; Nicaragua, biol. cent.-amek., Bot. Vol. 1, April 1880. 2 x 338 LEGUMINOS^E. Gulf of Fonseca (Sinclair), Eealejo (Hinds) ; Costa Rica, Puntarenae (CErsted); Panama, Remedios (Seemann). Hb. Kew. 8. Bauhinia latifolia, Cav. Ic v. p. 4, t. 405. South Mexico, Acapulco (Barclay, Beechey, Sinclair), Zimapan (Coulter), San Carlos, Oaxaca (Liebmann, 112), Vera Cruz (Linden, 1319), without habitat (Jurgensen, 459), valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 2119). Hb. Kew. 9. Bauhinia leptopetala, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 513 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 223. Mexico. 10. Bauhinia lunaria, Cav. Ic. v. p. 4, t. 407. South Mexico, Acapulco. Reported also as growing in the Philippine Islands, but doubtless through some misplacement of labels. 11. Bauhinia (§ Casparia) macranthera, Benth. MSS. in Hb. Kew. Pubescens, ramis flexuosis, internodiis brevissimis, foliis suborbicularibus ad medium bilobatis 9-nerviis, floribus majusculis, petalis longe unguiculatis, unguibus barbatis, staminibus omnibus fere liberis, 1 tantum perfecto, filamento elongate vix incrassato, antbera maxima, cseteris brevibus barbatis, ovario valde ferrugineo-tomentoso, legumine glaberrimo elongato sursum seusim dilatato. Frutex, ramis crassiusculis, primum ferrugineo-pubescentibus, internodiis brevissimis (2-4 lineas longis). Folia petiolata, suborbicularia, maxima 2 poll, diametro, subcoriacea, ad medium bilobata, 9-nervia, supra glabra, subtus prsecipue secus nervos pubescentia, lobis rotundatis, petiolo 3-6 lineas longo. Flores majusculi, extraaxillares, subsolitarii, breviter pedicellati ; calyx ferrugineus, pubescens, fere pollicaris, spatbaceus, dentibus subulatis ; petala longissime graciliterque unguiculata, usque 15 lineas longa, ungue barbate, limbo ovato vel elliptico; stamina omnia fere libera, 1 tantum perfectum, filamento elongato vix incrassato, antbera maxima leviter barbata ; stamina 9 sterilia brevia, barbata ; ovarium longe stipitatum, valde ferrugineo-tomentosum. Legumen coriaceum, glabrum, superne lathis, planum, leviter curvatum, ad 5 poll, longum. South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter). Hb. Kew. 12. Bauhinia mexicana, Vog. in Linnsea, xiii. p. 299. South Mexico, Papantla (Schiede). 13. Bauhinia pauletia, Pers. Ench. p. 455 ; DC. Prodr. ii. p. 513. Pauletia aculeata, Cav. Ic. v. p. 6, t. 410. Bauhinia parvifolia, Seem. Bauhinia panamensis, Spreng. % South Mexico, Tehuacan (Liebmann, 96), Oaxaca (Ghiesbreght) ; Nicaragua, neigh- bourhood of Granada (Levy); Panama, Paraiso railway-station (S. Hayes, 268), in meadows near the city of Panama (Seemann, 223). Hb. Kew. 14. Bauhinia pes-caprae, Cav. Ic. v. p. 3, t. 404. Casparia pes-capr or, H. B. K. South Mexico, Acapulco, on the sea-shore (Humboldt & Borland; Hinds). Hb. Kew. LEGUMINOS^E. 339 15. Bauhinia (§ Casparia) platypetala, Benth. MS. in hb. Kew. Ferrugineo-tomentosa, foliis suborbicularibus basi prof unde cordatis apice emarginatis vel leviter bilobatis, floribus amplis, calyce spatbaceo, petalis sessilibus glabris lanceolato-oblongis, stami- nibus omnibus fere liberis, 3 perfectis, antberis oblongo-linearibus aequalibus, filamento tamen mfimo duplo longiore et crasso carnoso, ovario ferrugineo-tomentoso, legumine immaturo puberulo ad suturas marginato. Frutex, ferrugineo-tomentosus, ramis graciliusculis, internodiis quam folia brevioribus. Folia petiolata, coriacea, suborbicularia, 1^-2 poll, diametro, basi cordata, apice emarginata vel leviter bilobata, 9-nervia, supra glabra, opaca, subtus prsecipue secus nervos insigniter elevatos pube- scentia, petiolo gracilis 8-15 lineas longo ; stipulse et bractese subulatae, persistentes. Flores ampli, racemosi; racemi extraaxillares, oppositifolii, 4-6-florij calyx ferrugineo-tomentosus, spatbaceus, 7-8 lineas longus ; petala sessilia, glabra, lanceolata, pollicaria et ultra, infimum obovatum, rotundatum, csetera acute acuminata ; stamina omnia fere libera, 3 perfecta, antberis oblongo-linearibus sequalibus, filamento tamen infimo duplo longiore et crasso-carnosa j fila- mentum sterilium basi tantum birsutum; ovarium longe stipitatum, ferrugineo-tomentosum. Legumen immaturum puberulum, lineare, ad 3| poll, longum, marginatum. South Mexico, Zimapan {Coulter, 531). Hb. Kew. 16. BauhMa porrecta, Sw. Prodr. p. 66 ; Plum. ed. Burm. t. 44. fig. 2 ; Bot. Mag. t. 1708. South Mexico, neighbourhood of Campeche (Linden), Yucatan and Tabasco (John- son), Oaxaca (Andrieux, 412), Papantla (Lielmann, 101). — West Indies. Hb. Kew. 17. Bauhinia (§ Casparia) ramosissima, Benth. MS. in hb. Kew. Glabrescens, foliis parvis bifoliolatis, foliolis oblique oblongis obtusis trinerviis, petalis longe ungui- culatis, unguibus birsutis, staminibus omnibus fere liberis, 1 tantum perfecto, antbera magna, filamento glabro crasso-carnoso quam caetera triplo longiore, 9 sterilibus parvis, filamentis intus barbatis, ovario hirsuto, legumine parvo glabro piano ad suturas marginato longe mucronato. Frutex, dense ramosus, ramis brevibus primum ferrugineo-puberulis, internodiis quam folia multo brevioribus. Folia petiolata, subcoriacea, cordiformia, bifobolata, inter foliola aristata ; foliola oblique ovato-oblonga, maxima vix pollicaria, utrinque rotundata, omnino glaberrima, 3-nervia, tenuiter reticulato-venosa, petiolo gracili, puberulo, usque 6 lineas longo ; stipulse minutee, mox deciduse. Flores racemosi ; racemi extraaxillares, breves, 3-6-flori ; calyx glabrescens, spatba- ceus, 8-10 lineas longus ; petala longe graciliterque unguiculata, usque 15 lineas longa, ungue barbato, limbo late elliptico; stamina 10, omnia fere libera, 1 tantum perfeeturn, antbera magna, glabra, filamento glabro, crasso-carnoso, quam caetera triplo longiore; stamina 9 sterilia parva, filamentis intus barbatis ; ovarium longe stipitatum, birsutum. Legumen coriaceum, glabrum, planum, ad suturas marginatum, ad tripolbcare, longe mucronatum. South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 473). Hb. Kew. 18. Bauhinia SChlechtendaliana, Mart, et Gall, in Bull. Acad. Brux. x. pars 2, p. 308. South Mexico, ravines of the Kio de las Vueltas, near Oaxaca, 3000 feet (Galeotti, 3239). 19. Bauhinia spathacea, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 512 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 224. Mexico. 2#2 340 LEG-UMINOSiE. 1/20. Bauhinia splendens, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 321 ; Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 214. Schnella splendens, Benth. Panama, island of Coiba (Seemann, 625). — Caribbean Islands, Guadaloupe, Guiana, and North Brazil. Hb. Kew. i/2i. Bauhinia suaveolens, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 320. Panama (Hinds, (Ersted). — Colombia and Venezuela. Hb. Kew. 22. Bauhinia subrotundifolia, Cav. Ic. v. p. 4, t. 406. South Mexico, Acapulco (Beechey, Barclay). Hb. Kew. This is also said to be a native of the Philippine Islands ; but it is improbable that it is indigenous in both countries. 23. Bauhinia (§ Casparia) unguicularis, Benth. MS. in hb. Kew. Glabrescens, foliis mediocribus biibliolatis, foliolis oblique ovatis vel oblongis subtrinerviis, floribus majusculis, petalis longissime unguiculatis, unguibus valde barbatis, staminibus 12 (an semper?) 1 perfecto filamento elongate crassiusculo, anthera maxima, caeteris brevissimis, filamentis basi valde lobatis connatis, ovario longe stipitato pubescente. Frutex, dense ramosus, ramis graciliusculis, primum puberulis, internodiis brevibus. Folia petiolata, cordiformia, bifoliolata ; foliola vix coriacea, ovato-oblonga, 1-2-pollicaria, utrinque rotundata, glabra, 3-nervia, petiolo 6-8 lineas longo. Flores majusculi, racemosi ; racemi extraaxillares, 4-6-flori ; pedicelli 3-4 lin. longi ; calyx pnberulus, spathaceus, ad 10 lineas longus ; petala longissime graciliterque unguieulata, usque 15 lineas longa, ungue barbato, limbo orbiculari venoso ; stamina (an semper ?) 12, quorum 1 tantum perfectum, filamento elongate, crassius- culo, anthera maxima glabra; stamina 11 sterilia brevissima, filamentis basi connatis et valde barbatis ; ovarium longe stipitatum, pubescens. Legumen a nobis non visum. South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 472). Hb. Kew. 24. Bauhinia, sp. South Mexico, Yucatan and Tabasco (Johnson). Hb. Kew. 90. CERCIS. Cercis, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 510; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 576. Three or four arboreous and shrubby species, inhabiting South Europe, Temperate Asia to Japan, and North America. 1. Cercis Occidentals, Torr. et Gr. PI. Lindh. p. 177 ; Bot. Wilkes's Exp p. 283, t. 3. Cercis cali/ornica, Benth. Texas ; California. — North Mexico. Tribe AMHERSTIE^E. About twenty-four genera of chiefly large trees, generally dispersed in tropical countries. LEGTTMINOS^. 341 91. TAMARINDUS. Tamarindus, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 46; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 581. One arboreous species, now widely dispersed in tropical countries, indigenous in Africa and North Australia, and perhaps also in Asia, but introduced into America. [1. Tamarindus indica, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 48 ; DC. Mem. Leg. p. 11, t. 24. fig. 113. South Mexico, Pochutla, Oaxaca (Liebmann, 17) ; Panama, Isle of Taboga (Hinds). — Abundant in the West Indies. Hb. Kew.] 92. HYMEN^A. Hymeneea, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 512 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 583. Eight arboreous species, restricted to America. 1. Hymensea candolleana, H.B.K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 323, t. 566. South Mexico, near Acapulco (Humboldt & Bonpland). 2. Hymenaea COUrbaril, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 537 ; Gaertn. Fruct. ii. p. 305, t. 145. fig.l. South Mexico, Guatulco, Oaxaca (Liebmann, 94), valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 2044) ; Guatemala (Velasquez); Costa Eica, Aguacate ((Ersted); Panama, near the city of Panama (Seemann, 531). — Also widely dispersed in the West Indies and Tropical South America. Hb. Kew. 93. CRUDYA. Crudya, Schreb. Gen. Plant, p. 282 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 584. About ten arboreous species, of which one is a native of Tropical Africa, one of Ceylon, one of the Indian archipelago, and the rest of America. l. Crudya acuminata, Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. p. 89. Central America (Barclay). Hb. Kew. Tribe CYNOMETRE^l. This tribe is also generally dispersed in the tropics, and comprises ten genera of trees and shrubs. 94. COPAIFERA. Copaifera, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 542 ; Behth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 585. A genus of twelve or fourteen arboreous or shrubby species, four of which are TropicaUAfrican and the remainder American. 342 LEG-TJMINOS^. n. Copaifera officinalis, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 557; Jacq. Amer. t. 86. Nicaeagua, neighbourhood of Granada (Levy, 363); Panama (S. Hayes).— St. Vincent ; Tkinidad; Venezuela. Hb. Kew. 95. PPJOKIA. Prioria, Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 215 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 585. Limited to this one arboreous species. vl. Prioria Copaifera, Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 215; Trans. Linn. Soc. xxiii. t. 40. Panama, Barbacoas (S. Hayes). — Jamaica. Hb. Kew. 96, CYNOMETRA. Cynometra, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 519; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 586. About twenty species of shrubs and trees, generally dispersed in the tropics. ^1. Cynometra bauhiniaefolia, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. ii. p. 99. Panama, Paraiso railway-station (S. Hayes, 29).— Guiana ; Brazil. Hb, Kew. Tribe DIMORPHANDRE^l. There are three genera of this tribe, the other two being limited to Africa and Australia. 97. DIMORPHANDRA. Dimorphandra, Schott, in Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post. p. 404; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 587. About nine arboreous species, restricted to America. \/l. Dimorphandra oleifera, Tr. MS. in hb. Kew. Panama, Rio-Grande swamp (S. Hayes). — Colombia. Hb. Kew. Suborder III. MIMOSEjE. This suborder was monographed by Mr. Bentham in 1875 (see Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xxx.). It comprises twenty-seven genera, and is very numerous in species, which are, with few exceptions, either trees or shrubs, inhabiting warm countries. Tribe PARKIER. Limited to the following genus and ParMa, a genus of large trees represented in Tropical Asia, Africa, and America, though no species reaches Central America. LEGUMIN0SJ3. 343 98. PENTACLETHRA. Pentaclethra, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. ii. p. 127. ^ There are two arboreous species ; the other is a native of Tropical Africa. 1. Pentaclethra filamentosa, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. ii. p. 127. Nicaragua, San Juan ((Ersted). — Trinidad, Guiana, and North Brazil. Hb. Kew. Tribe ADENANTHERE.E. There are twelve genera of this tribe, whose species are generally dispersed in the tropics. 99. ENTADA. Entada, Adan3. ex DC. Mem. Leg. p. 419 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i, p. 589. Eleven shrubby species, four of which occur in America, eight in Africa, and one in Asia. ^ 1. Entada polystachya, DC. Mem. Leg. p. 434, tt. 61, 62. Nicaragua, Greytown {Tate, 37) ; Costa Rica, Puntarenas ((Ersted) ; Panama (S. Hayes, 420). — North parts of South America, and West Indies. Hb. Kew. 2. Entada SCandenS, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. p. 332, et in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 363. Mimosa scandens, Linn. Entada purscetha, E. gigalobium, &cv DC. Panama, Bujio station (S.Hayes, 2 16). — Jamaica; Guadaloupe; also widely dispersed in the tropics of the Old World, including Australia. Hb. Kew. 3. sp. South Mexico, Omealca (Bourgeau, 3200). Hb. Kew. 100. PIPTADENIA. Piptadenia, Benth. in Hook. Jonrn. Bot. iv. p. 334; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 589. Trees and shrubs. Thirty-eight species, of which thirty-four are American, one Mas- carene, one Asiatic, and two African. 1. Piptadenia fcetida, Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 366. Mimosa fcetida, Jacq. Hort. Schoenb. iii. p. 73, t. 390. Acacia fcetida, H. B. K. South Mexico, near the village of Mescala and Venta de Estola, 1590 to 2520 feet (Humboldt & JBonpland).— States of Colombia. L^~ 2. Piptadenia patens, Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. p. 89. Inga patens, Hook, et Arn. ? Acacia prosopoides, DC. Caiques des Dess. El. Mex. 210. Honduras, Tigre Island, Gulf of Fonseca (Sinclair); Nicaragua, near Granada ((Ersted), Realejo (Sinclair). Hb. Kew. 344 LEGTTMLNOS^:. 101. PEOSOPIS. Prosopis, Linn. Mant. n. 1260 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 591 ; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 376. Trees and shrubs. Sixteen species, of which thirteen are American, one African, and two Asiatic. 1. PrOSOpis cinerascens, A. Gray, ex Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 381. Strombocarpa cinerascens, A. Gray. Mimosa calcarea, Buckl. Texas. — North Mexico, valley near Azufrora, Nuevo Leon (Gregg), without locality (Berlandier). 2. PrOSOpis? heterophylla, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. p. 82. Nobth Mexico, Sonora Alta (Coulter). Hb. Trin. Coll. Dubl. ^ 3. PrOSOpis juliflora, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 447; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc.xxx.p. 377. Prosopis horrida, Kunth, Mim. t. 33. Prosopis dulcis, Kunth, Mim. t. 34. Prosopis domingensis, DC. Algarobia dulcis, Benth. Algarobia glandulosa, Torr. et Gr. Subtropical North America to — North Mexico, about Matamoras (Berlandier), on the Eio Grande near San Elizario (Wright), region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 211); South Mexico, Oaxaca (Galeotti, 3243), near Mexico (Bourgeau, 92) ; Nicaragua, Gulf of Fonseca (Sinclair), Segovia ((Ersted) ; Panama, on the sea-shore near the city of Panama (Seemann, 402). — Southward through the Andes to Chili, and in Buenos Atres, but hitherto not found in Guiana or Brazil. Hb. Kew. 4. PrOSOpis pubescens, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. p. 82. Strombocarpa pubescens, A. Gray. Prosopis emoryi, Torr. Texas ; California. — North Mexico. 5. Prosopis, sp. North Mexico, vicinity of Durango (Seemann). Hb. Kew. 102. NEPTUNIA. Neptunia, Lour. M. Cochinch. p. 653; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, p. 592; Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 383. Eight herbaceous species : five occur in America, one in Africa, one in the Mascarene Islands, two in Asia, and two in Australia, two or three being amphigEeous. 1. Neptunia lutea, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. p. 355. Texas and Arkansas to— South Mexico, in shady places around Puerta de Agua Dulce (Seemann, 99), near Tantoyuca (Brvendberg). Hb. Kew. LEGUMINOS.E. 345 [2. Neptnnia Oleracea, Lour. Fl. Cochin, p. 654 ; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 383. Mimosa lacustris, Humb. et Bonpl. PI. iEquin. i. p. 55, t. 16. Widely dispersed in Tropical America, Africa, and Asia; but we have seen no specimens from Central America or Mexico. ] 3. Neptnnia plana, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. p. 355 ; Eeliq. Houst. t. 23. South Mexico, Tehuantepec (Andrieux, 407), Vera Cruz (Houston); Nicaragua, Segovia ((Ersted). — Tropical S. America to Paraguay on the eastern side and Ecuador on the western, and in the West Indies ; also in Tropical Asia, but probably intro- duced. Hb. Kew. 4. Neptunia pnbescens, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. p. 356. Florida and Texas to — Mexico and Costa Rica ((Ersted). — And in South America to Peru and Paraguay. Hb. Kew. Tribe EUMIMOSE^l. This tribe is spread all over the tropics, except Australia ; but the species are most numerous in America. There are only five genera. 103. DESMANTHUS. Desmanthus, Willd. Sp. Plant, iv. p. 1044 (ex parte); Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 592; Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 385. Ten herbaceous species, nine of which are restricted to America, and one occurs in the Mascarene Islands. 1. Desmanthns depressns, H. B. K. in Willd. Sp. PI. iv. p. 1046 ; Kunth, Mim. t. 35. Florida ; Texas to — North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 201); Mexico (Jurgensen, 629); Nicaragua ((Ersted); Panama, in woods near the city of Panama (Seemann, 106). — South Brazil and Peru and the West Indies. Hb. Kew. 2. Desmanthns incnrvns, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. p. 84. Mimosa glandulosa, Michx. Vent. Choix, t. 27. South States of North America. — South Mexico, Beal del Monte to Zacatecas (Coulter). Hb. Kew. 3. Desmanthns leptolobns, Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i. p. 402. Texas and Arkansas to — North Mexico, Monterey (Eaton & Edwards, 23). Hb. Kew. 4. Desmanthns virgatus, Willd. Sp. PI. iv. p. 1047 ; Benth. I. c. p. 385. Desmanthus leptophyllus, H. B. K. South Mexico, Vera Cruz to Orizaba (Mutter, 602). — Tropical and Subtropical South America to Buenos Ayres, and the West Indies. Hb. Kew. biol. cent.-amer., Bot. Vol. 1, April 1880. 2 y 346 LEGUMINOS^:. 5. Desmanthus, sp. Mimosa ? pumila, Schl. in Linnsea, xii. p. 557. South Mexico, in calcareous soil near western Eegla (Ehrenlerg). Mr. Bentham (Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx.) states that this is probably D. incurvus .or a species closely allied to it. 104. MIMOSA. Mimosa, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 1158, ex parte; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 593; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 388. Herbs or shrubs, or rarely arboreous. An almost exclusively American genus, 271 species out of a total of 278 being American. Three grow in Africa, five in the Mascarene Islands, and two in Asia. 1. Mimosa acanthocarpa, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. p. 409. North Mexico, Mex. Bound. Survey Exp. 308 and 311 ; South Mexico, Vera Cruz to Orizaba (Mutter), without habitat (Graham), hedges near Mexico (Bourgeau, 486). Hb. Kew. 2. Mimosa adenantheroides, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. p. 88. Acacia adenantheroides, Mart, et Gal. South Mexico, woods at 7000 to 8000 feet in the Cordillera of Oaxaca (Galeotti, 3208). Hb. Kew. ^3. Mimosa albida, Humb. et Bonpl. in Willd. Sp. PI. iv. p. 1030. South Mexico, Acapulco (Barclay & Sinclair) ; Guatemala, Dueiias (Fraser) ; Nica- ragua, Volcan el Viejo ((Ersted) ; Costa Eica, Cartago (CErsted). — And southward to Lima. Hb. Kew. 4. Mimosa arcuata, Mart, et Gal. in Bull. Acad. Brux. x. pars 2, p. 308. South Mexico, calcareous mountains east of Tehuacan de las Granadas, at 6000 feet (Galeotti, 3222). ^5. Mimosa asperata, Linn. Sp. PL p. 1507 ; Reliq. Houst. t. 24 ; DC. Mem. Leg. t. 63. South Mexico, Vera Cruz (Houston), valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1543, 2209) ; Nicaragua, Greytown (Tate) ; Costa Pica, savanna of San Jose (Polakowsky) ; Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 98), in damp places, ditches, and banks of rivers, Chagres, Gorgona, and Cruces (Seemann, 527).— And nearly all over Tropical South America; also in Tropical and Subtropical Africa. Hb. Kew. 6. Mimosa biuncifera, Benth. Pi. Hartw. p. 12. Texas ; New Mexico.— North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 215), Mabibi, Sonora (Thurber), Sierra del Pajarito (Schott), Ojito (Gregg) ; South Mexico, valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 89), Chalco, in the State of Mexico (Andrieux), Leon (Eartweg). Hb. Kew. LEGUMINOSiE. 347 Var. 1 leguminis margine valde aculeate North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 216). Hb. Kew. 7. Mimosa berlandieri, A. Gray in Torr. Bot. Emory Exped. p. 61. North Mexico, environs of Matamoras (Berlandier, 3146). 8. Mimosa borealis, A. Gray, PI. Fendl. p. 39. New Mexico. — North Mexico, Buena Vista and Cadena (Gregg). Hb. Kew. 9. Mimosa Cabrera, Karst. El. Colomb. ii. p. 63, t. 132. % San Salvador (Wendland). — Colombia. Hb. Kew. 10. Mimosa Camporum, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. ii. p. 130. Nicaragua, Bealejo (Hinds, Sinclair). — Guiana and Noeth Brazil. Hb. Kew. 11. Mimosa COStaricensis, Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 423. Guatemala, Barranca Honda, Volcan de Fuego (Salvin); Costa Pica, Aguacate ((Ersted). Hb. Kew. 12. Mimosa debilis, Humb. et Bonpl. in Willd. Sp. PI. iv. p. 1029. The typical plant occurs in Colombia, Guiana, and North Brazil. " Var. % panamensis, Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxxi p. 391. Panama, in meadows near the town of Nata (Seemann, 98). Hb. Kew. 13. Mimosa depauperata, Benth. Pi. Hartw. p. 13. Acacia canescens, Mart, et Gal. South Mexico, cactus-hills in the Cordillera of Oaxaca, at 6000 feet (Galeotti, 3214), Actopan (Graham), Zimapan (Coulter), valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 772). Hb. Kew. 14. Mimosa distachya, Cav. ic iii. p. 48, t. 295. South Mexico, ravines at 3000 feet, Cordillera of Oaxaca (Galeotti, 3240), Mexico (Schleiden). Hb. Kew. 15. Mimosa dormiens, Humb. et Bonpl. in Willd. Sp. PI. iv. p. 1035. Central America. Hb. Pavon. 16. Mimosa ervendbergii, A. Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. v. p. 178. Schrankia elata, Mart, et Gal. South Mexico, near Tantoyuca (Ervendberg), without habitat (Galeotti, 3193). Hb. Kew. 17. Mimosa fasciculata, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. p. 88. Acacia fasciculata, Kunth, Mim. t. 23. South Mexico, near Guanaxuato (Humboldt & Bonpland), without exact localities (Karwinski). Hb. Kew. 18. Mimosa flexUOSa, Benth. (Char, amplif.) Fruticosa puberula, ramis gracilibus et flexuosis vel crassioribus et rectis, aculeis infrastipularibus 2y2 348 LEGUMLNOS.^. geminis rectiusculis vel recurvis, pinnis 6-9-jugis, foliolis minutis confertis usque 15-jugis, capitulis breviter pedunculatis, calyce corollaque superne pilosulis, legumine puberulo oblongo usque 4 lineas lato margine valde aculeate. Frutex, ramis graciliusculis vel gracilibus, flexuosis vel rectiusculis, pruiuoso-puberulis ; aculei infrastipulares gemini, rectiusculi vel recurvi, petiolares recurvi. Folia brevissime petiolata, bipinnata, maxima 9 lineas longa ; pinnae 5-9-jugae, 2-3 lineas longae ; foliola 8-15-juga, imbricata, oblonga, puberula, vix semilineam longa. Flares parvi, capitati, capitulorum pedunculi sa?pissime infra semipollicares ; calyx atque corolla superne pilosula. Legumen fuscum, cinereo-puberulum, sessile, oblongum, usque ad sesquipollicare et longius, 4 lineas latum, margine valde aculeatum, aculeis usque 2 lineas longis. — Mimosa flewuosa, Benth. in A. Gray, PI. Wright, i. p. 428. Texas ; New Mexico. — Noeth Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parrg & Palmer, 217). Hb. Kew. At first sight Parry and Palmer's specimens look very different from the typical specimens collected by Wright, having comparatively stout, straight branches and pods at least twice as broad; but in other respects they agree. Moreover the pods in the typical specimens have all been interrupted in their growth by the larvae of some insect, and have probably not attained their normal size. ^ 19. Mimosa floribunda, Willd. Sp. PI. iv. p. 1031 ; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 373. Mimosa racemosa, Schl. South Mexico, Tepic (Sinclair), Orizaba (Botteri, 674, 676, 854 ; Bourgeau, 2867), Jalapa (Galeotti, 3329), Mirador (Linden, 683), at the foot of Mount San Felipe (Andrieux, 402), valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1541); Guatemala, lower part of Volcan de Fuego (Salvin & Godman) ; Costa Rica, savanna of San Jose (Polakowsky). — Southward to Bolivia and Peru. Hb. Kew. 20. Mimosa galeottii, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. p. 92. Acacia hirta, Mart, et Gal. South Mexico, woods on the Pacific side of the Cordillera of Oaxaca, at 6000 to 7500 feet (Galeotti, 3165). Hb. Kew. 21. Mimosa geminata, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 427; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 205. Mexico. 22. Mimosa grahami, A. Gray, PI. Wright, ii. p. 52. Noeth Mexico, mountain-valleys of Sonora between San Pedro and Sonoito (Wright, 1042), Sierra Madre (Seemann, 2196). Hb. Kew. ^-23. Mimosa guatemalensis, Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. p. 89. Inga guatemalensis, Hook, et Am. Noeth Mexico, Cerro de Pinal (Seemann, 1538) ; South Mexico, Tepic (Barclay) ; Nicaragua, Realejo (Sinclair) ; Guatemala. Hb. Kew. 24. Mimosa invisa, Mart. Herb. Fl. Bras. p. 121; Benth. Mim. Fl. Bras p 379 t. 97. ' F" Schrankia brachycarpa, Benth. LEGTTMLNOS^. 349 South Mexico, Orizaba (Botteri, 673), Jalapa (Galeotti, 3328), Zacuapan (Linden), valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1759); Costa Kica, Aguacate ((Ersted), San Jose (Polakowsky) ; Panama (S. Hayes).— Brazil, and West Indies. Hb. Kew. 25. Mimosa lactiflua, Delile, Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 392. Mexico (Ehrenberg). 26. Mimosa laxiflora, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. p. 93. North Mexico, Sonora Alta (Coulter, 522). Hb. Kew. 27. Mimosa leucaenoides, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. p. 89. South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter), without locality (Karwinski). Hb. Kew. 28. Mimosa lindheimeri, A. Gray, PI. Lindh. ii. p. 181. Texas. — South Mexico, hedges near the city of Mexico (Bourgeau, 486, in part). Hb. Kew. 29. Mimosa malacophylla, A. Gray, PL Lindh. ii. p. 182, in adnot. Texas. — North Mexico, Monterey (Eaton & Edwards, 22), east of Rinconada (Gregg), Santa Rosa, Chihuahua (Bigelow). 30. Mimosa mollis, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. p. 408. South Mexico, Acatlan, Puebla (Andrieux, 400). Hb. Kew. 31. Mimosa monancistra, Benth. PL Hartw. p. 12. Mexico, Aguas Calientes (Hartweg, 70). Hb. Kew. 32. Mimosa platycarpa, Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 417. Guatemala (Skinner). Hb. Kew. 33. Mimosa polyantha, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. p. 410. South Mexico, Acatlan, Puebla (Andrieux, 397). Hb. Kew. 34. Mimosa puberula, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. p. 88. South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter), New Spain (Pavon). Hb. Kew. 35. Mimosa pudica, Linn. Sp. PL p. 1501; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 397. Mimosa hirsuta, M09. et Sesse. South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1863, 1759, 1862), region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 2400, 2671), Vera Cruz to Orizaba (Mutter) ; Nicaragua, Greytown (Tate) ; Costa Eica ((Ersted), San Jose and Cartago (Polakowsky); Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 96), Isle of Taboga (Sinclair). — A common plant in most parts of Tropical America; naturalized in Tropical Africa and Asia. Hb. Kew. *"~ 36. Mimosa pusilla, Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. p. 90. Nicaragua, Bealejo (Sinclair, Hinds). Hb. Kew. -"' 37. Mimosa skinneri, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. p. 85. Guatemala, Cuesta de Leon (Skinner) ; Costa Rica, Ujaras ((Ersted). Hb. Kew. 350 leguminos^:. 38. Mimosa SOmnianS, Humb. et Bonpl., ex Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 434. Mimosa podocarpa, Benth. in Wawra, Bot. Maxim. Reise, i. t. 34. Panama, in meadows near the city of Panama (Seemann, 105), Eio-Grande railway- station (S. Hayes, 212).— Colombia ; Guiana; Brazil. Hb. Kew. 39. Mimosa Strigillosa, Torr. et Gray, FL N. Am. i. p. 399. Southern States of North America to— North Mexico, Matamoras (Berlandier, 2302). Hb. Kew. 40. Mimosa tenuMora, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. p. 98. South Mexico, Zimapan [Coulter). 41. Mimosa tricephala, Ch. et Schl. in Linnsea, v. p. 591. South Mexico, between Laguna Verde and Actopan (Schiede). Hb. Kew. ^42. Mimosa trijuga, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. p. 398. South Mexico, Yucatan and Tabasco (Johnson) ; Panama. — Brazil. Hb. Kew. 1/43. Mimosa velloziana, Mart. Herb. PL Bras. p. 185 ; Benth. Mim. Fl. Bras, p. 304, t. 80. Mimosa viva, Veil. Mum. Ic. xi. t. 33, nee Linnsei. Guatemala, Chojojo, near Mazatenango, in pastures (Bernoulli, 60) ; Costa Rica, Guanacaste ((Ersted); Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 91). — Colombia to Brazil. Hb. Kew. 44. Mimosa wrightii, A. Gray, PL Wright, ii. p. 52. North Mexico, Sonora (Wright). Hb. Kew. 45. Mimosa zygophylla, Benth. in Gray, PL Wright, i. p. 61. North Mexico, La Vaqueria towards San Juan, thirty miles from Saltillo ( Wislizenus), near Saltillo and Monterey (Gregg). 46. Mimosa, sp. North Mexico, San Luis Potosi to Tampico (Palmer, 1057). Hb. Kew. 105. SCHRANKIA. Schrankia, Willd. Sp. Plant, iv. p. 1041 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 593 j Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 441. Herbs or undershrubs. Six species, restricted to America. 1. Schrankia aculeata, Willd. Sp. PL iv. p. 1041 ; Eeliq. Houst. t. 25. Texas.— South Mexico, Vera Cruz (Houston, Schiede); Vera Cruz to Orizaba (Muller). Hb. Kew. LEGUMINOS^:. 351 2. Schrankia distachya, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 443 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 211. Mexico. Not mentioned in Bentham's Monograph of the Mimosece. 3. Schrankia leptocarpa, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 443. Panama, near the city of Panama (Seemann, 97). — Common in Colombia, Guiana, and Beazil. It also occurs in Tropical Africa and Java; but probably introduced. Hb. Kew. 4. Schrankia uncinata, Willd. Sp. PL iv. p. 1043. Mimosa horridula, Vent. Choix, t. 28. Southern States of Noeth Ambeica to — North Mexico, Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Eaton & Edwards). Hb. Kew. 106. LEUC^ENA. Leuccena, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. p. 416 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 594; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 442. Trees and shrubs. Nine species, eight of which are restricted to America. 1. Leiicaena diversifolia, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. p. 417. Acacia diversifolia, Schl. Acacia trichandra, Zucc. South Mexico, plateau of the Cordillera of Oaxaca, at 5000 feet (Galeotti, 3226), in woods near Jalapa, and at Hacienda de la Laguna (Schiede). Hb. Kew. 2. LenCSena eSClllenta, Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 442. Acacia esculenta, DC. Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mes. 209. Mexico (TJhde). Hb. Beroi. 3. Leucaena glauca, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. p. 416. Noeth Mexico, near Kinconada (Gregg) ; South Mexico, Vera Cruz to Orizaba (Muller, 92). — Common in the warmer regions both of the Old Woeld and Ameeica; probably of North-American origin. 4. Leucaena macrophylla, Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. p. 90. Califoenia. — South Mexico, Acapulco (Hinds); Panama, Empire railway-station (S. Hayes, 103). Hb. Kew. 5. LeilCSena pulverulenta, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. p. 417. Acacia pulverulenta, Schl. Noeth Mexico, Matamoras (Berlandier, 2288); South Mexico, without locality (Galeotti), on the banks of the river Misantla, near San Antonio (Schiede), Orizaba (Bourgeau, 2397, 2909), near Mexico (Bilimek, 131), Tuspango, near Cordova (Bourgeau, 2401). Hb. Kew. 352 leguminos^:. Tribe ACACJEiE. Eestricted to the genus Acacia. 107. ACACIA. Acacia, Wffld. Sp. Plant, iv. p. 1049; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 594; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 444. Trees and shrubs; a very few herbaceous. Mr. Bentham describes 432 species, sixty-one of which are American, fifty-seven African, two Mascarene, nineteen Asiatic, four Polynesian, and 293 Australian. 1. Acacia acatlensis, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. i. p. 513. Acacia sericea, Mart, et Gal. South Mexico, Acatlan, Puebla (Andrieux, 396), Cordillera of Oaxaca, at 5000 to 6000 feet (Galeotti, 3345). Hb. Kew. 2. Acacia amentacea, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 455 ; Caiques des Dess. PI. Mex. 208. Acacia rigidula, Benth. Texas. — North Mexico, near Binconada, between Saltillo and Monterey {Gregg), region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 213). Hb. Kew. 3. Acacia berlandieri, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. i. p. 522. Acacia tephroloba, A. Gray. Texas ; New Mexico. — North Mexico, San Luis Potosi to Tampico (Palmer, 1059), about Cadena, halfway between Chihuahua and Monterey (Wislizenus), Monterey (Plotz), Sonora (Wright), without locality, but most likely from South Mexico (Bates). Hb. Kew. 4. Acacia COnstricta, Benth. in A. Gray, PI. Wright, i. p. 66. Texas.— North Mexico, El Paso to Chihuahua ( Wislizenus), near Mier, Castanuola, and Buena Vista (Gregg), region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 214). Hb. Kew. 5. Acacia COulteri, Benth. in A. Gray, PI. Wright, i. p. 66. Texas. — South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter); Nicaragua, near Granada ((Ersted). Hb. Kew. 6. Acacia craSSi&lia, A. Gray in Mem. Amer. Acad. v. p. 317 ; Hook. Ic. PL p. 1166. North Mexico, La Pena, Coahuila (Edwards & Thurber). Hb. Kew. 7. Acacia cylilldriflora, Mart, et Gal. in Bull. Acad. Brux. x. pars 2, p. 311. South Mexico, ravines of Dominguillo, near Oaxaca (Galeotti, 3207). Apparenty not mentioned in Bentham's Monograph of the Mimoseoe. 8. Acacia farnesiana, Willd. Sp. PI. iv. p. 1083 ; Wight's Ic. PI. Ind. Or. t. 300. North Mexico, Sierra Madre (Seemann, 2197), Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Plotz) ; South /^ LEGTJMINOS^. 353 Mexico, San Juan del Rio, Orizaba {Bourgeau, 2911, 2913, 2317), Orizaba (Botteri, 671), cactus-plains in the Cordillera of Oaxaca, at 5000 to 5500 feet {Galeotti, 3222); Panama, without locality (Seemann, 103). Hb. Kew. Widely spread in nearly all tropical and subtropical regions ; but it is difficult to say where it is really indigenous, as it is very generally cultivated. 9. Acacia ferOX, Mart, et Gal. in Bull. Acad. Brux. x. pars 2, p. 312. South Mexico, abundant in the plains of Oaxaca, Tlacolula, and Etla (Galeotti, 3223). Hb. Kew. 10. Acacia filicina, Willd. Sp. PI. iv. p. 1072 ; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 532. Acacia texensis, Torr. et Gray. Acacia glabrata, elegans, hirsuta, cuspidata et stipettata, Schl. Acacia elegans et insignis, Mart, et Gal. Acacia hartwegii, Benth. Acacia angulosa, Bertol. Acacia chlorantha, Zucc. Acacia umbellulifera, Kunth, Mim. t. 31. Arkansas, Texas, and New Mexico* to — North Mexico, Sonora (Torrey), Sierra Madre (Seemann, 2195), Zacatecas (Hartweg), region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 218) ; South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1545), Vera Cruz, in woods at 3000 feet (Galeotti, 3303); region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 2570), at the foot of Mount San Felipe (Andrieux, 398), Zimapan (Coulter, 514), without localities (Tate & Parkinson) ; Guatemala (SMnner) ; Costa Eica, Candelaria (CErsted). — Also in Colombia. Hb. Kew. 11. Acacia flexicaulis, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. i. p. 505. Texas — North Mexico, Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Thurber), Camargo, Monterey (Gregg), Cerralvo (Wislizenus). 12. Acacia glomerosa, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. i. p. 521. Tropical South America to Bio Janeiro and Peru. ^ Var. parviflora, Benth. MSS. in hb. Kew. Panama, Empire and Obispo railway-stations (8. Hayes, 266 and 330). Hb. Kew. 13. Acacia greggii, A. Gray, PI. Wright, i. p. 65. Texas. — North Mexico, dry valley west of Patos (Gregg). Hb. Kew. 14. Acacia hayesii, Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 524. Panama, Mamei railway-station (S. Hayes, 165). Hb. Kew. 15. Acacia hindsii, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. i. p. 504. Mexico, without locality (Jurgensen, 169), Manzanilla Bay (Hinds); Costa Rica, Pacaca (CErsted). Hb. Kew. biol. cent.-amer., Bot. Vol. 1, April 1880. 2 z 354 LEGUMINOS.E. 16. Acacia lanata, Mart, et Gal. in Bull. Acad. Brux. x. pars 2, p. 313. South Mexico, Misteca Alta, 7000 feet (Galeotti, 3231). 17. Acacia macracantha, Humb. et Bonpl. in Willd. Sp. PL iv. p. 1080 ; Kunth, Mim. t. 28. Acacia rnacracanlhoides et subinermis, Bertol. South Mexico, Vera Cruz (Schiede) ; Central Ameeica.— Tropical and Subtropical South America, chiefly on the western side. 18. Acacia malacophylla, Benth. in A. Gray, PL Wright, i. p. 64. Texas. — North Mexico, Cerralvo ( Wislizenus). 19. Acacia mammifera, Schl. in Linnsea, xii. p. 563. South Mexico, Barranca de Acholoya (Ehrenberg). * 20. Acacia melanoceras, Beurling, Vetensk. Akad. Hand. 1854, p. 123. Panama, woods on the road to Panama (Billberg). This name is omitted from Bentham's monograph ; but the plant doubtless belongs to one of the species therein enumerated. 21. Acacia micrantha, Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 526. Mexico, without habitat (Berlandier, 3148), Las Ajuntas and Las Verdosas (Ehrenberg). 22. Acacia? mollicula, Mart, et Gal. in Bull. Acad. Brux. x. pars 2, p. 311. South Mexico, mountains of Tehuacan de las Granadas, 6500 feet {Galeotti, 3216). This is not mentioned in Bentham's monograph. 23. Acacia pennatula, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. i. p. 390. Ingapennatula, Ch. et Schl. North Mexico, Zacatecas (Hartweg) ; South Mexico, Hacienda de la Laguna and near Jalapa (Schiede), Escamella, Orizaba (Bourgeau, 2912; Muller, 824), Cuernavaca (Bilimek, 129) ; Nicaragua, Granada ((Ersted). Hb. Kew. 24. Acacia platyacantha, Schl. in Linnaja, xii. p. 565. South Mexico, Mineral del Monte (Ehrenberg). 25. Acacia pubescens, Schl. in Linna;a, xii. p. 565. South Mexico, near Eegla (Ehrenberg). 26. Acacia reniformis, Benth. in Hook. Ic. PL t. 1165. Mexico (Ehrenberg). Hb. Berol. ^27. Acacia riparia, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. iv. p. 276. Mimosa plana, Veil. Fl. Plum. Ic. xi. t. 28? Panama (Seemanri).— Colombia, Guiana, Brazil, and "West Indies. LEGTTMINOS^. 355 28. Acacia roemeriana, Scheele, in Linneea, xxi. p. 456. Texas. — North Mexico. 29. Acacia rotundata, Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 521. Mexico. Hb. Pavon. 30. Acacia Schottii, Torr. Bot. Emory Exp. p. 62. Texas. — North Mexico, 31. Acacia spadicigera, Ch. et Schl. in Linnsea, v. p. 594. South Mexico, near La Laguna Verde (Schiede & Deppe) ; Nicaragua, Segovia ((Ersted); Panama, without locality {Cuming; Seemann, 101). 32. Acacia Sphserocephala, Ch. et Schl. in Linnsea, v. p. 594. South Mexico, Vera Cruz {Schiede & Dejape, Muller). 33. Acacia tortuosa, wffld. Sp. Pi. iv. p. 1083. Acacia albida, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1317. Prosopis microphylla, H. B. K. Texas. — North Mexico, Saltillo {Plotz) ; South Mexico, between Valladolid and Toluca, near Maravatio {Humboldt & Bonpland), Tlalpuxahua {Graham); Costa Pica {(Ersted). — Also in the West Indies, north parts of South America, and the Galapagos Islands. Hb. Kew. 34. Acacia villosa, Willd. Sp. PL iv. p. 1067 ; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 532. Acacia cumingii, Benth. Acacia carbonaria, Schl. Nicaragua, Conchagua, Gulf of Honda {Hinds), San Juan {(Ersted). — Also in the West Indies. Hb. Kew. 35. Acacia Wrightii, Benth. in A. Gray, PL Wright, i. p. 64. Texas. — North Mexico, Sierra del Pajarito, Sonora (Schott), near Ojito {Gregg), Cha- paral, between Monterey and Cerralvo {Wislizenus). Hb. Kew. 36. Acacia, sp. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi {Tarry & Palmer, 219). Hb. Kew. Tribe INGE^. Eight genera, spread nearly all over the tropics, mostly large trees. 108, LYSLLOMA. Lysiloma, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 82; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 595 ; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 533. An exclusively American genus, consisting of ten shrubby and arboreous species. 2z2 356 leguminos^:. 1. Lysiloma acapillcensis, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 83. Acacia acapulcensis, Kunth, Mim. t. 24. Acacia desmostachys, Benth. Mexico, Yolcan de Santa Barbara (Berlandier), Vera Cruz to Orizaba (Mutter), Leon (Hartweg), without locality (Hahn). Hb. Kew. 2. Lysiloma aurita, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 83. Acacia aurita, Schl. South Mexico, Malpays de Naulingo (Schiede) ; Guatemala (Skinner) ; Nicaragua, Segovia (CErsted). Hb. Kew. t- 3. Lysiloma guachapele, Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 533. Panama, Isle of Taboga (S. Hayes, 656). — Ecuadob. Hb. Kew. 4. Lysiloma microphylla, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 83. Lowee Califoema. — Noeth Mexico, Zacatecas (Hartweg). Hb. Kew. y 5. Lysiloma ScMedeana, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 83 ; Bot. Voy. Sulph. t. 31. Nicaragua (Sinclair) ; Costa Eica, near Puntarenas (QLrsted). Hb. Kew. 6. Lysiloma tergemina, Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 534. South Mexico, Acatlan, Puebla (Andrieux, 403). Hb. Kew. 7. Lysiloma, sp. South Mexico, forest of Tuspango, near Cordova (Bourgeau, 2398). Hb. Kew. 109. CALLIANDRA. Calliandra, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. ii. p. 138; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 596; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 536. A genus of 100 species of shrubs and small trees, whereof ninety-five are American, one Mascarene, and four Asiatic. 1. Calliandra angelica, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 100. South Mexico, ravines of Regla, in the CordiUera of Vera Cruz, at 5000 feet (Galeotti, 3362). Hb. Kew. 2. Calliandra canescens, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 96. Inga canescens, Ch. et Schl. South Mexico, between Marantial and Puente del Bey (Schiede & Deppe). 3. Calliandra Capillata, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 98. South Mexico, at the foot of Mount San Felipe (Andrieux, 404); Guatemala, Rio Guacalate (Salvin). Hb. Kew. XEGUMINOS^. 357 4. CaUiandra carbonaria, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 95. Costa Rica, Mount Aguacate ((Ersted).— Andes of Quito and Popayan. Hb. Kew. 5. CaUiandra COnferta, Benth. in A. Gray, PL Wright, i. p. 63. West Texas.— North Mexico, Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Eaton & Edwards, 314), region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 212). Hb. Kew. 6. CaUiandra CUmingii, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. ii. p. 140. Inga? speciosa, Mart, et Gal. New Mexico — North Mexico, Santa Cruz, Sonora (Wright); South Mexico, woods at 6000 to 8000 feet in the Cordillera of Oaxaca (Galeotti, 3148) ; Panama (Cuming).— Also in Peru. Hb. Kew. 7. CaUiandra emarginata, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 95. Inga emarginata, Kunth, Mim. t. 17. Inga coriacea, Willd. South Mexico, near Acapulco (Humboldt & Bonpland), Consoquitla (Liebmann, 122). Hb.Kew. 8. CaUiandra eriophyUa, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot.' iii. p. 105. CaUiandra chamadrys, Engelm. Texas ; New Mexico — North Mexico, on the more elevated parts of the sierras of Sonora (Thurber, Schott), Chihuahua (Gregg), Chiricahui Mountains (Wright); South Mexico, Chila, Puebla (Andrieux, 405), Hb. Kew. 9. CaUiandra formosa, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 98. Acacia formosa, Kunth, Mim. t. 32. Acacia gracilis, Mart, et Gal. South Mexico, granitic rocks in the Cordillera of Oaxaca (Galeotti, 3190) ; Nicaragua, Mombacho to Granada ((Ersted). Hb. Kew. 10. CaUiandra grandiflora, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. ii. p. 139. CaUiandra kunthii, Benth. Inga anomala, Kunth, Mim. t. 22. Acacia callistemon, Schl. North Mexico, Cerro de Pinal (Seemann, 1539) ; South Mexico, valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 87), Zimapan and Real del Monte (Coulter, 509), Tlalpuxahua (Graham), Chiapas (Ghiesbreght, 593), around Toluca (Andrieux, 406), without localities (Parkin- son, SalU, Bates, & Mutter) ; Guatemala, Duehas (Eraser), Llanos at the base of the Volcan de Fuego (Salvin & Godman) ; Costa Eica, San Jose ((Ersted). Hb. Kew. 11. CaUiandra harrisii, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 95 ; Bot. Mag. t. 4238. Inga harrisii, Lindl. Bot. Keg. 1839, t. 41. " Mexico : introduced into English gardens by Mr. Harris, of Kingsbury," according to Lindley ; but Mr. Bentham thinks it must be a Brazilian plant. 358 LEGTTMIN0S.2E. 12. Calliaildra llirsuta, Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 554. Inga hirsuta, Don. New Spain. Hb. Pavon. 13. Calliaildra houstoni, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. p. 139. Inga ? houstoni, DC. Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 206. Acacia metrosideriflora, Schl. Sooth Mexico, Jalapa (Linden, 677), woods at 2000 to 4000 feet in the Cordillera of Vera Cruz (Galeotti, 3315), Hacienda de la Laguna (Schiede). Hb. Kew. 14. Calliaildra humilis, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. p. 103. Calliandra herbacea, Engelm. Acacia humilis, Schl. North Mexico (Mex. Bound. Surv. Exp. 315 and 317), Zacatecas (Coulter, 511) ; South Mexico, Begla (Ehrenberg). Hb. Kew. 15. Calliandra lambertiana, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 100. Acacia lambertiana, Don, Bot. Reg. t. 721. Mexico, cultivated specimen. Hb. Kew. u16. Calliandra laxa, Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 551. Calliandra sealapensis, Benth. Acacia rubescens, Mart, et Gal. South Mexico, Jalapa (Galeotti) ; Costa Rica, Barba (CErsted). — Colombia ; Vene- zuela; Guiana. Hb. Kew. 1/17. Calliandra magdalenae, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. p. 102. Panama, Palmas, Veraguas (Seemann, 1194). — Colombia; Ecuador. Hb. Kew. 18. Calliandra malacophylla, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 100. South Mexico, at the foot of Monte San Felipe (Andrieux, 401). Hb. Kew. 19. Calliandra portoricensis, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 99 ; Torr. Eep. Emory Exp. p. 61 Mimosa portoricensis, Jacq. Ic. Ear. iii. t. 633. North Mexico, Arroyo de los Samotas, Sierra Verde, Sonora (Schott) ; South Mexico, Orizaba, (Botteri, 672 ; Bourgeau, 1512, 2553 ; BilimeJc, 727), Jalapa (Galeotti), Yucatan and Tabasco (Johnson); Nicaragua ((Ersted). — Northern parts of South America; also in West Tropical Africa, where it was possibly introduced. Hb. Kew. ^20. Calliandra seemanni, Benth. in Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald,' p. 116, t. 22. Inga semicordata, Bertol. Guatemala (Velasguez) ; Panama, Tole (Seemann, 1193).— Cumana. Hb. Kew. 21. Calliandra tetragona, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. ii. p. 139. South Mexico, without exact habitats (Jurgensen, 792 ; Schiede), valley of Cor- LEGTTMINOS^E. 359 dova (Bourgeau, 1544) ; Guatemala, Esquintla, 1200 feet (Salvin & Godman) ; Costa Eica, Aguacate (CErsted). — Colombia. Hb. Kew. 22. Calliandra tetraphylla, Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 544. Inga tetraphylla, Don. Mexico (Motf.no & SessS). Hb. Pavon ; in Hb. Oxon. 23. Calliandra wendlandi, Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 556. Guatemala (Wendland). 110. PITHECOLOBIUM. Pithecolobium, Mart. Herb. PI. Bras. p. 114; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 597; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 570. Upwards of 100 arboreous and shrubby species, of which seventy-eight are American, one African, one Mascarene, twenty-one Asiatic, one Polynesian, and four Australian. 1. Pithecolobium acatlense, Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 593. South Mexico, Acatlan, Puebla (Andrieux, 395). Hb. Kew. 2. Pithecolobium albicans, Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 592. Acacia albicans, Kunth, Mim. t. 27. Calliandra pollens, Benth. South Mexico, Campeche (Humboldt & Bonpland), Zimapan (Coulter, 512). Hb. Kew. 3. Pithecolobium bertolonii, Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 588. Mimosa rnonilifera, Bertol. Guatemala (Velasquez). 4. Pithecolobium brevi&lium, Benth. in A. Gray, PI. Wright, i. p. 67. North Mexico, between Cerralvo and Monterey, more common in the low country (Wislizenus), east of Kinconada and Papagallo, also between Cerralvo and Maria (Gregg), in mountains near San Carlos (Berlandier, 2370). Hb. Kew. 5. Pithecolobium COgnatum, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. p. 107. Inga cognata, Schl. South Mexico, between Colipa and the sea (Schiede) ; Nicaragua, between Tortuga and Sapoa (CErsted) ; Costa Eica, Guanacaste (CErsted) ; Panama, Mamei railway-station (S. Hayes, 166 ; Seemann). Hb. Kew. 6. Pithecolobium dulce, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 198. Mimosa dulcis, Roxb. Coromand. PL i. t. 99. Acacia obliquifolia, Mart, et Gal. South Mexico, Acapulco (Beechey), near Oaxaca, at 5000 feet (Galeotti, 3140), Banchos de los Huevos around Tantoyuca (Berlandier, 2146), Cuernavaca (Bilimek, 137) ; Guatemala (Friedrichsthal) ; Nicaragua, between Leon and Granada (CErsted), Conchagua (Hinds), neighbourhood of Granada (Levy). — Colombia; also naturalized in many tropical countries. Hb. Kew. 360 LEG-TJMINOSiE. 7. Pithecolobium filicifolium, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 205. South Mexico, Jalapa (Galeotti), San Cristobal, region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 2910; Bilimek, 125), neighbourhood of Vera Cruz (Hahn); Nicaragua, Eiver San Juan ((Ersted). — West Indies. Hb. Kew. ^ 8. Pithecolobium fragrans, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 220. Panama, Hacienda de San Juan (Seemann, 1190).— Jamaica ; San Domingo. Hb. Kew. 9. Pithecolobium fdrcatum, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Jonrn. Bot. v. p. 106. South Mexico, banks of the river Teapa (Linden, 723). Hb. Kew. 1 10. Pithecolobium hymeneaefblium, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 198. Pithecolobium panamense, Walp. Panama, Isle of Taboga (S. Hayes, 688).— Colombia; Venezuela. Hb. Kew. ^11. Pithecolobium latifolium, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 214. Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 87, 90), Lion-Hill railway-station (S. Hayes, 464). — Jamaica and northern parts of South America. Hb. Kew. 12. Pithecolobium ligUStrinum, Kl., ex Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 571. Pithecolobium lanceolatum et P. macrostachyum, Benth. North Mexico, San Luis Potosi to Tampico (Palmer, 1061); South Mexico, Manzanilla Bay (Barclay), near Vera Cruz (Galeotti, 3252; Linden, 1318), Passo Obejas, Tloco- talpan (Hahn) ; Yucatan and Tabasco (Johnson) ; Honduras (Armstrong). — Northern part of South America. Hb. Kew. ^ 13. Pithecolobium multiflorum, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 220. Central America. — Northern part of South America and on the eastern side south- ward to Bahia and Minas Geraes. ^14. Pithecolobium oblongum, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 198. Nicaragua, Gulf of Fonseca (Sinclair), without locality ((Ersted) ; Panama (Cuming; S. Hayes, 180 ; Seemann, 403). — Trinidad. Hb. Kew. 15. Pithecolobium (§ Chloroleucon) palmeri, Hemsl. Diag. Pi. Nov. pars 3, p. 50. Ramis tortuosis vel flexuosis junioribus petiolisque puberulis, pinnis 1-4-jugis, foliolis 5-15-jugis minutis oblongis, stipulis spinescentibus, floribus parvis puberulis brevissime pedicellatis, legu- mine lato arcuato vel fere circinato. Frutew, ramis tortuosis vel flexuosis, junioribus petiolisque puberulis, internodiis brevibus. Folia petiolata, bipinnata, ssepe infrapollicaria, rhachi gracili, puberula • pinnae 1-4-jugEe, basi glan- dulosae ; foliola 5-15-juga, crassiuscula, oblonga, 1-2 lin. longa, basi obliqua, brevissime glan- duloso-petiolulata, glabra vel glabrescentia ; stipulse spinescentes, lignosse, rigidEe, 2-4 lin. longse, rectse vel curvatse. Flores puberuli, capitati, brevissime pedicellati ; capitula multiflora, pedunculata, pedunculis semipollicaribus ; calyx lin earn longus; corolla 2 lineas longa. Legumen sessile, coriaceum, obscure puberulum, subplanum, arcuatum vel fere circinatum, 9-12 lineas latum, ad 2£ poll, longum, margine crassius. LEGUTMINOS.E. 361 North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry 8f Palmer, 220). Hb. Kew. This has perhaps the smallest leaves of the genus. 16. Pithecolobium parvifolium, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 223. Panama, Mamei railway-station (S. Hayes, 579), near the town of Cruces (Seemann, 1195). — West Indies and northern parts of South America. Hb. Kew. 17. Pithecolobium saman, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 216. Nicaragua, without exact localities (Tate, 93 ; (Ersted). — Northern parts of South America. Hb. Kew. 18. Pithecolobium SOphoroCarpum, Benth. inBenth. et Hook. Gen. PI. i. p. 598. Costa Pica, Candelaria ((Ersted) ; Nicaragua, Segovia ((Ersted). Hb. Kew. 19. Pithecolobium, sp. Costa Pica (Entires, 136). Hb. Kew. 111. ENTEROLOB1UM. Enter olobium, Mart. Herb. Fl. Bras. pp. 117, 118 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 598 ; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 598. The genus consists of five arboreous species, restricted to America. 1. Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 226. Mimosa cyclocarpa, Jacq. Fragm. t. 34. fig. 1. Nicaragua, neighbourhood of Granada (Levy, (Ersted) ; Panama, Barbacoas, " the largest tree on the isthmus" (S. Hayes, 120). — West Indies; Venezuela; Colombia. Hb. Kew. 2. Enterolobium SChomburgkii, Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 599. Panama (Seemann, 404). — Cayenne and Brazil. Hb. Kew. 3. Enterolobium, sp. (affinis E. SchomburgMi). South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1546). Hb. Kew. 112. INGA. Inga, Willd. Sp. Plant, iv. p. 1004 (excl. sp. foliis bipinnatis) ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, p. 599 ; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 600. An exclusively American genus, numbering 140 species of trees and shrubs. 1. Inga billbergiana, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iv. p. 585. Panama, Porto Bello (Billberg). 2. Inga COriacea, G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. p. 390. Mexico (Mopino & SessS). A doubtful species. biol. cent.-amer., Bot. Vol. 1, April 1880. 3 a 362 LEGUMINOS^. 3. Inga edulis, Mart. Herb. Fl. Bras. p. 113 ; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx.p. 630. South Mexico, Vera Cruz to Orizaba (Muller, 708) ; Nicaragua, banks of tbe river San Juan ((Ersted) ; Costa Kica, San Jose ((Ersted).— Nortb part of South America. Hb. Kew. 4. Inga elegans, Mart, et Gal. in Bull. Acad. Brux. x. pars 2, p. 321. South Mexico, woods of Misteca Alta, Oaxaca, at 7000 feet (Galeotti, 3235). Not mentioned in Bentbam's Monograph. 5. Inga eriocarpa, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iv. p. 615. South Mexico, between San Bias and Guadalaxara {Coulter). 6. Inga flexuosa, Schl. in Linnsea, xii. p.559 ; Benth. inTrans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p.628. Inga schiedeana, Steud. South Mexico, in woods, Jalapa (Schiede). Mr. Bentham thinks this may be the same as his I. xalapensis. V 7. Inga globulifera, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iv. p. 585. Panama, Paraiso railway-station (S. Hayes, 680), near the city of Panama (Seemann, 401). — Colombia, Ecuador. Hb. Kew. "8. Inga hayesii, Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 617. Panama (S. Hayes). Hb; Kew. 9. Inga ingoides, Willd. Sp. PI. iv. p. 1012 ; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 631. Inga ornata, Kunth, Mim. t. 14. Mexico, without precise locality (Bates). — Colombia, Guiana, and West Indies. Hb. Kew. \y 10. Inga insignis, Kunth, Mim. p. 43, t. 13. Inga pachycarpa, Benth. Costa Eica, Guanacaste ((Ersted). — Brazil ; Ecuador. Hb. Kew. 11. Inga jinicnil, Schl. in Linnsea, xii. p. 559. South Mexico, near Jalapa, cultivated and also apparently indigenous (Schiede), Orizaba (Botteri, 1037), without localities (Jurgensen, 594; Swmichrast, 1037); Guate- mala, Duefias (Eraser). Hb. Kew. 12. Inga laBvigata, Mart, et Gal. in Bull. Acad. Brux. x. pars 2, p. 320. South Mexico, woods of Consoquitla, near Mirador, at 1000 feet (Galeotti, 3287). Name not included in Bentham's Monograph. »- 13. Inga laurina, Willd. Sp. PI. iv. p. 1018; Benth.inTrans.Linn.Soc.xxx. p. 607. Mimosa fagifolia, Jacq. Stirp. Amer. t. 164, nee Linn. Panama, Boca Chica (Seemann, 1689).— Widely dispersed in the West Indies. Hb. Kew, LEG-TTMINOS.E. 363 14. Inga leptoloba, Schl. in Linnsea, xii. p. 560. South Mexico, Vera Cruz (Hahn), valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 2320), region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 2396), Hacienda de la Laguna (Schiede), woods of Mirador and Zacuapan (Galeotti, 318) ; Costa Eica (CErsted) ; Panama, Boquete (Seemann, 1690). Hb. Kew. 15. Inga lindeniana, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iv. p. 608. South Mexico, Teapa (Linden, 726) ; Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 458). — Venezuela. Hb. Kew. 16. Inga marginata, Willd. Sp. PI. iv. p. 1015, excl. synon. Mimosa semialata, Veil. Fl. Flum. Ic. xi. t. 5. Panama, in damp woods near Lion-Hill railway-station (S. Hayes, 468). — Southward to Brazil, Peru, and Bolivia. Hb. Kew. 17. Inga membranacea, Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 606. Panama, Boquete, Veraguas (Seemann, 1192). 18. Inga multijuga, Benth, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 615. Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 51), Lion-Hill railway-station {S. Hayes), 645) ; Costa Eica, between San Jose and Puntarenas (CErsted). Hb. Kew. 19. Inga nitens, Mart, et Gal. in Bull. Acad. Brux. x. pars 2, p. 319. South Mexico, banks of rivers, Chinantla, 1800 to 2000 feet (Galeotti, 3230). Name apparently not taken up in Mr. Bentham's Monograph. 20. Inga nobilis, Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 1047 ; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 614. Inga humboldtiana, Kuntli. Inga corymbifera, Benth. Inga riedeliana, Benth. Inga sericantha, Miq. South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 2043). — Colombia, Ecuador, Guiana, and North Brazil. Hb. Kew. 21. Inga (Brstediana, Benth. Seem. Bot. Voy. 'Herald,' p. 117. Costa Eica, Candelaria (CErsted); Panama, Boquete, Veraguas (Seemann, 1191). — Colombia. Hb. Kew. ' 22. Inga panamensis, Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald,' p. 117. Panama, Matachin (S. Hayes, 573), near the town of Cruces (Seemann, 407). — Co- lombia. Hb. Kew. 23. Inga portobellensis, Beurling, in Vetensk. Akad. Hand. 1854, p. 122. Inga macrophylla, Billb. Panama, on the coast near the port (Billberg). 3«2 364 LEGUMINOS^. ^24. Inga punctata, Willd. Sp. PI. iv. p. 1016, excl. synon. The typical plant inhabits Colombia and Venezuela. vtVar. panamensis, Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 613. Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 89), Mamei railway-station (S. Hayes), 357), near Cruces (Seemann). Hb. Kew. 1 25. Inga rufescens, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iv. p. 585. Panama, Veraguas (Hinds). — Western Colombia. Hb. Kew. \ 26. Inga miziana, G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. p. 391. Inga foliosa, Benth. Panama, Bujio railway-station (S. Hayes, 213).— North Brazil and East Peru. Hb. Kew. 27. Inga? sericea, Mart, et Gal. in Bull. Acad. Brux. x. pars 2, p. 318. South Mexico, woods of Talea and the Bincon, Oaxaca (Galeotti, 3418). Not taken up in Bentham's Monograph. u28. Inga Spectabilis, Willd. Sp. PL iv. p. 1017; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 621. Inga fulgens, Kunth, Mim. t. 11. Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 67). — Colombia, Venezuela. 29. Inga Spuria, Humb. et Bonpl. in Willd. Sp. PI. iv. p. 1011 ; Kunth, Mim. t.12. Nicaragua, Rio San Juan ((Ersted). — Colombia, Brazil. Hb. Kew. "30. Inga tubulifera, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iv. p. 584. Panama, Bemedios (Seemann), without locality (Cuming). — Colombia. Hb. Kew. ^31. Inga vera, Willd. Sp. Pi. iv. p. 1010. Panama, near Cruces (Seemann, 520) ; Nicaragua, islets of the Lake of Nicaragua and banks of the river San Juan ((Ersted). — Colombia and West Indies. Hb. Kew. 32. Inga? villosa, Mart, et Gall, in Bull. Acad. Brux. x. pars 2, p. 319. South Mexico, cactus-hills of Tehuacan and Puebla, 5200 to 6500 feet (Galeotti, 3418). Name not included in Bentham's Monograph. 33. Inga xalapensis, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iv. p. 616. Inga fleseuosa, Schl. ? South Mexico, Jalapa (Linden, 671), without localities (Jurgensen, 595 ; Hoisted), valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 2040), Cuernavaca (Bilimek, 136). Hb. Kew. 34. Inga, sp. South Mexico, region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 2396). Hb. Kew. 35. Inga, sp. South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 2043 bis), region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 2855). Hb.Kew. KOSACE.E. 365 Order XL VII. ROSACEA. Rosacea, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 600. This order consists of about 1000 species, belonging to seventy-five genera ; but this estimate does not include the numerous forms of Eubus, Rosa, &c. which have been published by various authors as species. It is represented in nearly every region where flowering plants exist, including the extreme north. Tribe CHRYSOBALANE^. Twelve genera, comprising about 170 species, belong here. They are trees and shrubs, and are generally dispersed in tropical regions. 1. CHRYSOBALANUS. Chrysobalanus, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 621 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 606. About four or five species, natives of Tropical America and Africa. 1. Chrysobalanus ellipticilS, Smeathm. in DC. Prodr. ii. p. 526. Chrysobalanus guianensis, Kl. Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 107). — Tropical South America; also in Western Tropical Africa. Hb. Kew. 2. Chrysobalanus icaco, Linn., Sp. PL p. 513 ; DC. Prodr. ii. p. 525 ; Jacq. Amer. t. 94. Chrysobalanus pellocarpus, Mey. South Mexico, Acapulco (Hinds), without locality (Schiede) ; Nicaragua, Graytown (Tate, 16),Eealejo (Hinds); Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 107). — Widely dispersed in the West Indies and Tropical South America; also in Western Tropical Africa. Hb. Kew. 2. LICANIA. Licania, Aubl. PI. Guian. i. p. 119 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 606. Trees and shrubs. About thirty-five species, restricted to Tropical America, chiefly Brazil ; one is found in the West Indies, but that only in Trinidad. ^ 1. Licania arborea, Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald,' p. 118, t. 25. Panama, near the town of Cruces and in Veraguas (Seemann, 508). Hb. Kew. 2. Licania hypoleuca, Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. p. 91, t. 32. Panama Veraguas (Hinds). Hb. Kew. 3. MOQUILEA. Moquilea, Aubl. PI. Gnian. i. p. 521 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 606. Trees or shrubs. About eighteen species, restricted to Tropical America. 366 eosace^:. 1. Moquilea platypus, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 9. Arbor, foliis glaberrimis lanceolato-oblongis acutiuscuKs basi cuneatis vel rotundatis, floribus cano- tomentosis breviter pedicellatis racemoso-paniculatis, paniculis amplis terminalibus ramulis valde compressis, petalis ellipticis ciHatis. Arbor 150-pedalis, ramulis crassiusculis. Folia petiolata, coriacea, glaberrima, integerrima, oblonga vel anguste lanceolata, 6-10-pollicaria, acutiuscula, basi rotundata Tel cuneata, supra nitida, petiolo crasso 6-7 lin. longo ; stipulse vix 1 lin. longae, persistentes. Flores breviter pedicellati, fasciculati, racemoso-paniculati ad 3 lin. diametro ; paniculse terminales, 8-9 poll, (forsan ssepius ultra) longse, ramulis cinereo-puberulis, patentibus, valde compressis. Calyx dense cano-tomentosus, turbinates, 5-dentatus, dentibus late ovatis, obtusis, tubo intus stri- gilloso. Petala elliptica, cttiata, lobis calycinis longiora. Stamina 15, exserta, filamentis filiformibus strigillosis. Ovarium strigillosum. Fructus ignotus. Nicaragua, neighbourhood of Granada, cultivated (Levy, 222); Panama1? {Cuming, 1272). Hb. Kew. The actual native country of this handsome tree is a little uncertain, as Cuming's specimens may have been collected further south, in Western Colombia, and Levy saw it only under cultivation. 4. HIRTELLA. Hirtella, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 280; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 608. About forty species, chiefly concentrated in the Amazon region. 1. Hirtella acayacensis, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 529. Mexico, mountains of Acayaca (Mogino & Sesse). 2. Hirtella americana, Aubl. Pi. Guian. p. 247, t. 98. British Honduras {Temple) ; Guatemala (Salvin & Godman) ; Panama, Isle of Taboga (Hinds), without special localities (Seemann, S. Hayes).— Cayenne, Colombia, and Guiana to Brazil. Hb. Kew. 3. Hirtella Castanea, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 528 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 304. Mexico (Mopino & Sesse). 4. Hirtella dodecandra, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 529; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex 302. Mexico (Mopino & Sesse). 5. Hirtella mollissima, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vii. p. 263. Panama, without locality (Seemann), in dense woods, Lion-Hill railway-station (S. Hayes, 646).— Colombia. Hb. Kew. 303 6' Hirtella °blonSifolia, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 529; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. Mexico (Mopino & SessS). K0SACE2E. 367 ' 7. Hirtella racemosa, Lam. Diet. iii. p. 133. Panama, in dark woods, very common between Panama and Chagres (Seemann). — Northern part of South Ameeica ; St. Vincent and Trinidad. 8. Hirtella triandra, Sw„ ex Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 230. Panama, Bay of Solano [Seemann). — From Cuba and Jamaica to Trinidad, and Brazil. 5. LECOSTEMON. Lecostemon, Moc. et Sesse, in DC. Prodr. ii. p. 639; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 609. About six species, natives of Mexico, Guiana, and Brazil. 1. LeCOStemon ternifloruin, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 639 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 311 et xvi. B. Mexico (Mogino & SessS). 6. COUEPIA. Couepia, Aubl. PI. Guian. i. t. 519 ; Bentl. et Hook. Gen. PI. i. p. 608. An exclusively Tropical-American genus, consisting of about thirty species, most numerous in Brazil. 1. Couepia kunthiana, Benth. MSS. in hb. Kew. Moquilea kunthiana, Mart, et Zucc., ex Walp. Eep. ii. p. 6. Hirtella poly andr a, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 246, t. 565. South Mexico, Acapulco {Humboldt & Bowpland), Teapa, Tabasco (Linden, 1603). Hb. Kew. *~ 2. Couepia, sp. Nicaragua, environs of Granada (Levy, 42). Hb. Kew. Tribe PRUNED. Trees and shrubs. Almost confined to the temperate and subtropical regions of the the northern hemisphere. 7. PEUNUS. Primus, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 620; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 609. About eighty species, generally dispersed in the temperate and subtropical regions of the northern hemisphere, a few extending to South America. 1. Prunus brachybotrya, Zucc. PI. Nov. fasc. ii. p. 40. Mexico. 2. Prunus capuli, Cav. in Spreng. Syst. ii. p. 477 ; Schl. in Linnsea, xiii. pp. 89. 404. Cerasus capuli, Ser. in DC. Prodr. ii. p. 541. Cerasus capollin, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 539; Zucc. PI. Nov. fasc. ii. p. 37, t. 8. 368 BOSACE.&. Texas and New Mexico to — North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 222), Sierra del Pajarito &c, Sonora (Schott ; South Mexico, Orizaba (Botteri, 1025), Oaxaca, at 6000 to 8000 feet (Galeotti, 3086), Vera Cruz and Chiapas (Linden, 667, 705), Pedregal, near San Angel (Bourgeau, 52), Eeal del Monte and Zimapan (Coulter, 89), Guanaxuato (Hartweg, 48) ; Guatemala, without locality (Skinner). — Also in Colombia and Peru. Hb. Kew. 3. Prunus demissa, Walp. ii. p. 10. Cerasus demissa, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i. p. 411. British Columbia and Oregon to California — and 1 Mexico, Volcan de Ahuarco (Ealsted). Hb. Kew. 4. PrunUS lauri&lia, Schl. in Linnaea, xiii. p. 404. South Mexico, Cuesta Grande de Chiconquiaca (Schiede), Oaxaca (Ghiesbreght ; Jurgensen, 383 ; Galeotti, 3074), Vera Cruz to Orizaba (Mutter, 623). Hb. Kew. 5. Prunus nucrophylla, Hemsl. Amygdalus microphylla, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 243, t. 564.1 North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 221) ; South Mexico, on dry hills between Pachuca and Moran at 7800 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland), in steep places near El Gigante (Hartweg, 1602). Hb. Kew. 6. PrunUS minutiflora, Engelm. PI. Lindh. ii. p. 185. North Mexico, Chihuahua (Parry, Bigelow). l/7. Prunus occidentalis, Sw. Fl. ind. Occ ii. p. 925. Guatemala, Volcan de Fuego (Salvin); Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui, Veraguas (Seemann). — West Indies. Hb. Kew. 8. PrunUS salicifolia, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 241, t. 563: South Mexico, Tlalpuxahua (Graham). — Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Hb. Kew. 9. Prunus samydoides, Linnsea, xiii. p. 404 ; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 371. South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 2295), Jalapa, 3000 feet (Galeotti, 7081), Cerrania de Zoncoantla, near Jalapa (Schiede). Hb. Kew. 10. Prunus virginiana, Linn. Sp. Pi. i. p. 473. Newfoundland and Saskatchewan to — North Mexico. Hb. Kew. 11. Prunus, sp. South Mexico, San Nicolas, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1000). Hb. Kew. 12. Prunus, sp. South Mexico, Omealca (Bourgeau, 3122). Hb. Kew. ROSACEA. 369 Tribe SPHLEEiE. This tribe consists of herbs and shrubs, restricted to the northern hemisphere, and almost exclusively to temperate regions. Most numerous in North America and North- eastern Asia. 8. SPIR.2EA. Spiraea, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 630; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 611; Maxim. Adnot. de Spirseac. in Act. Horti Petrop. vi. About fifty herbaceous and shrubby species, ranging all round the north temperate zone, and less numerously represented in the mountains within the tropics. Maxi- mowicz {loc. cit.) very much circumscribes the genus. 1. Spiraea CEespitOSa, Nutt. in Torr. et Gray, Fl. N. Am. i. p. 418 ; Maxim. Adnot. de Spirseac. p. 71. Western side of North America in the Eocxy Mountains southward to — North Mexico, Chihuahua (Bigelow). Hb. Kew. 2. Spiraea discolor, Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. i. p. 342 ; Maxim. Adnot. de Spirseac. p. 150, sub Molodisco. Spiraea ariaefolia, Sm. in Rees's Cycl. xxxiii. n. 16. Spiraea dumosa, Nutt. ex Torr. in Bot. Stansbury's Exped. Salt Lake, p. 387, t. 4. Spiraea fissa, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1842, Misc. p. 1. Spiraea argentea, Benth. PI. Hartw. p. 82, nee Mut. Spiraea mexicana, Schiede in Regel, Ind. Sem. Hort. Petr. 1857. Oregon and Columbia River southward. — North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet {Parry & Palmer, 223); South Mexico, peak of Orizaba, 10,000 to 12,000 feet (Liebmann; Galeotti, 3084; Linden, 663), valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 267), Chiapas (GhiesbregM) ; Guatemala, pine-forests, 10,000 to 11,500 feet (Salvin & Godman), near the city of Guatemala {Hartweg), without locality (Friedrichsthal). Hb. Kew. We have followed Maximowicz in referring the variable Mexican forms of Spircea bearing the above names to S. discolor, Pursh. 3. Spiraea parvifolia, Benth. PI. Hartw. p. 36 ; Maxim. Adnot. de Spirseac. p. 71. South Mexico, Puente del Dios (Hartweg, 284). Hb. Kew. Tribe QUILLAJE.E. This tribe is composed of about twelve shrubby and arboreous species, belonging to eight genera. All the genera are American, as well as the species, with the exception of two species of Eucryphia found in Australia. They range from New Mexico to Chili. biol. cent.-amer., Bot. Vol. 1, April 1880. 3 b 370 rosacea. 9. VAUQUELINIA. Vauquelinia, Correa in Humb. et Bonpl. PI. Mqum. i. p. 141 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. PL i. p. 615. The genus is limited to the species below, one of which is a tree and the others shrubs. 1. Vauquelillia COrymbosa, Corr. in Humb. et Bonpl. PI. ^Equin. i. p. 141, t. 40. South Mexico, near Actopan, at 6250 feet (Humboldt & Bowpland), Oaxaca (Ghies- bregM). Hb. Paris. 2. Vauquelinia karwinskyi, Maxim. Adnot. de Spirseac. p. 132. South Mexico (KarwinsM, 213). 3. Vauquelinia torreyi, S. Watson in Proc. Am. Acad. xi. p. 147. Vauquelinia corymbosa, Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound, p. 64, nee Correa. Spiraa californica, Torr. in Emory's Rep. p. 140. California; Arizona. — North Mexico, Sierra Verde (Schott). 10. PTEEOSTEMON. Pterostemon, Schauer in Linnsea, xx. p. 736; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 615. Limited to this one shrubby species : — 1. Pterostemon mexicanus, Schauer in Linnsea, xx. p. 736. South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 75, 85 ; Aschenborn, 259), without locality (Ga- leotti, 3110). Hb. Kew. 11. LINDLEYA. Lindleya, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 239 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 615. One arboreous species. l. Lindleya mespiloides, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 240, t. 562 bis. North Mexico, Saltillo and Buena Vista (Gregg) ; South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 76, 79), near Oaxaca (Galeotti, 7124), between Zimapan and San Jose del Oro, in woods (Schiede), very abundant between La Puente de la Madre de Dios, and the village of Magdalena, 6950 feet (Humboldt & Bowpland). Hb. Kew. Tribe RUBERS. Comprising only the genus Rubus. 12. RUBUS. Rubus, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 632 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 616 ; Focke, Batographische Abhandl. in Ahhandl. h. v. naturwissenschaftlichen Vereine Bremen, iv. Herbaceous and shrubby plants. Botanists variously estimate the number of species from 100 to 500 ; and these are scattered over the whole range of the order. ROSACEA. 3^2 AbhatdlRUb^Soaden0triChUS, Ch' ^ SChL ^ Lin^a' ^^ P- 267; F°Cke' Bat°SraPh- South Mexico, region of Orizaba and valley of Cordova {Bourgeau, 2861), Barranca ael ±ortm and Alpatlahua (Liebmann), Hacienda del Carmen (Sartweg), without locality (Jurgensen, 349). Hb. Kew. 2. Rubus COriifollUS, Liebm. in Vidensk. Meddel. 1853, p. 157; Focke, Batograph. Abhandl. p. 149. ^ South Mexico, Alpatlahua, Tomatlan, and Mirador {Liebmann). Hb. Kew. 3. Rubus COSta-ricanus, Liebm. in Vidensk. Meddel. 1853, p. 159; Focke, Batograph. Abhandl. p. 150. Costa Bica, near Cartago (CErsted). 4. Rubus eriocarpus, Liebm. in Vidensk. Medd. 1853, p. 162; Focke, Bato- graph. Abhandl. p. 147. South Mexico, Chinantla (Liebmann). Hb. Kew. 5. Rubus fagifolius, Ch. et Schl. in Linnsea, v. p. 571; Focke, Batograph Abhandl. p. 149. South Mexico, Colipa, Vera Cruz (Liebmann), thickets, Papantla (Schiede). Hb. Kew. 6. Rubus floribundus, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 219, t. 557; Focke, Batograph. Abhandl. p. 152. South Mexico, Mirador, Jalapa, and Chiapas (Linden, 655, 666, 710), Jalapa (Galeotti, 3090) ; Panama, Veraguas (Seemann).— Colombia to Ecuador. Hb. Kew. 7. Rubus humistratus, Steud. ex Liebm. in Vidensk. Meddel. 1853, p. 163 Focke, Batograph. Abhandl. p. 153. Rubus humifusus, Schl. in Linnaeaj xiii. p. 270. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer 224)- South Mexico, Chinantla, Puebla (Liebmann), Toluca (Andrieux, 392), in. thickets and grassy places, Jalapa, and near San Miguel (Schiede), Orizaba (Botteri, 1833) Hb.Kew. 8. Rubus irasuensis, Liebm. in Vidensk. Meddel. 1853, p. 156 ; Focke, Bato- graph. Abhandl. p. 150. Costa Rica, Volcan Irazu (Liebmann). 9. Rubus jamaicensis, Linn. Mant. p. 75 ; Focke, Batograph. Abhandl. p. 151. Central America (ex Focke). — Jamaica. 10. Rubus liebmanniii, Focke, Batograph. Abhandl. p. 159. South Mexico, Barranca del Bey (Wide, 1260). Hb. Berol. 352 372 ROSACEA. " 11. Rubus miser, Liebm. in Vidensk. Meddel. 1853, p. 156 ; Focke, Batograph. Abhandl. p. 150. Costa Eica, near Cartago, 6000 feet ((Ersted). 12. Rubus OCCidentalis, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 706; Focke, Batograph. Abhandl. p. 147. Common in Eastern North America from Canada southward. — Guatemala, Volcan de Fuego, 10,500 feet (Salviri) ; Panama, Boquete, Veraguas (Seemann, 1670). Hb. Kew. 13. Rubus pumilus, Focke, Batograph. Abhandl. p. 155. South Mexico, San Andres (Christmann). Hb. Berol. [14. Rubus rosaefolius, Sm. Ic. Pi. t. 60. A widely dispersed species in Asia and Australia ; introduced into Cenlral America and South Mexico, Orizaba (Bourgeau).~] 15. Rubus sapidus, Schl. in Linnaea, xiii. p. 269 ; Focke, Batograph. Abhandl. p. 153. South Mexico, common in thickets, Jalapa (Schiede) ; Central America (Focke). 16. Rubus SCandens, Liebm. in Vidensk. Meddel. 1853, p. 154; Focke, Bato- graph. Abhandl. p. 148. South Mexico, Mirador (Liehmann). Hb. Kew. v 17. Rubus SChiedeanUS, Steud., ex Liebm. in Vidensk. Meddel. 1853, p. 155. Rubus dumetorum, Schl. in Linnsea, xiii. p. 267, nee Weihe et alior. South Mexico, Mirador (Liehmann), at 3000 to 4500 feet (Heller), woods at 3000 to 4000 feet in the Cordillera of Vera Cruz (Galeotti, 3072), thickets, Jalapa {Schiede) ; Central America (Focke). Hb. Kew. 18. Rubus StrigOSUS, Michx. Fl. Am. Bor. i. p. 297 ; Focke, Batograph. Ab- handl. p. 147. Canada and Saskatchewan southward to — North Mexico, rancho of Guadalupe, on the road from Mazatlan to Durango (Seemann) ; South Mexico, damp places, peak of Orizaba (Galeotti, 3082), woods at Santa Fe (Bourgeau, 696). Hb. Kew. 19. Rubus tiliaefolius, Focke, Batograph. Abhandl. p. 159. Rubus tiliaceus, Liebm., nee Smith nee Seemann. South Mexico, Chinantla (Liehmann). 20. Rubus trichomallus, Schl. in Linnaja, xiii. p. 268. South Mexico, Hacienda de la Laguna (Schiede). Possibly the same as B. urticasfolius, Poir. 21. Rubus trilobus, Moc. et Sesse in DC. Prodr. ii. p. 566 ; Caiques des Dess Fl. Mex. p. 290. H kosace^:. 373 South Mexico, in the lower part of Monte San Felipe (Andrieux, 393), San Felipe, at 7000 feet (Liebmann), on the Cumbre between Oaxaca and the Sierra or mining district (Eartweg), peak of Orizaba, at 10,000 feet {Liebmann), Misteca Alta, 7500 to 9000 feet (Galeotti, 3098), Chiapas (Ghiesbreght, 509), without localities (Jurgensen, 270 ; Salle). Hb. Kew. Seemann (Bot. Voy. 'Herald') refers E. neomexicanus, A. Gray, to this, which would give it a much wider range. 22. Rubus trMalis, Michx. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. p. 296. Rubus flagellaris, Hook, et Arn. nee Willd. Texas; New Mexico; Arkansas; California. — North Mexico, Sonora (Thurber, 263). Hb. Kew. 23. Rubus uhdeanus, Focke, Batograph. Abhandl. p. 159. Mexico (Uhde, 1259). Hb. Berol. 24. Rubus urticaefoliuS,Poir.Dist.vi.p.246; Focke, Batograph. Abhandl. p. 149. Panama, Veraguas (Seemann, 1152). — Widely spread in Tropical South America. Hb. Kew. 25. Rubus villoSUS, Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1, ii. p. 210; Focke, Batograph. Abhandl. p. 153. Eastern North America. — And Central America (Focke). 26. Rubus, sp. South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 91). Hb. Kew. 27. Rubus, sp. South Mexico, Chiapas (Linden, 711). Hb. Kew. 28. Rubus, sp. South Mexico, forests of the Desierto Viej o, near Mexico (Bourgeau, 1184). Hb. Kew. Tribe POTENTILLE.E. Generally dispersed in temperate and cold regions. 13". CERCOCARPUS. Cercocarpus, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 232; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 618. About four or five species of smaU trees and shrubs, restricted to the southern, central, and western territory of the United States and Mexico. 1. CerCOCarpuS breviflorUS, A. Gray, PL Wright, ii. p. 54. New Mexico.— North Mexico, Fronteras (Wright). Hb. Kew. 2. Cercocarpus fothergilloides, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 233, t. 559. North Mexico, Sierra Madre (Seemann, 1979) ; South Mexico, Orizaba (Botteri, 374 KOSACILE. 941; Bilimek, 146), Guanaxuato (Hartweg), Zimapan (Coulter, 83), Cuesta de San Juan del Estado, Oaxaca, at 7500 feet (Liebmann), Misteca Alta, 7000 feet, and Keal del Monte, 7500 feet (Galeotti, 3070, 3109), Mineral del Monte, near San Pedro and San Pablo (Ehrenberg). Hb. Kew. 3. CerCOCarpuS parvifollUS, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, FL N. Am. i. p. 427. Cercocarpus betulcefolius, Nutt. in Hook. Ic. PL t. 322. Cercocarpus betuloides, Torr. et Gray. Eockt Mountains, in the Wyoming Territory ; southward through Utah, California, and Texas to— North Mexico, San Luis Potosi (Virlet d'Aoust ; Parry & Palmer, 225). Hb. Kew. The Mexican plant may be specifically different ; but we refrain from describing it on account of the evident variability of the true C. jaarvifolius. Parry and Palmer's specimen has only two lateral nerves on each side of the midrib of the leaves. 14. COWANIA. Cowania, Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv. p. 574; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 618. The genus consists of three or four shrubby species restricted to Mexico and the countries immediately to the north. 1. Cowania mexicana, Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv. p. 575, t. 22. figg. 1-6. Geum? dryadoides, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 554; Caiques des Dess. PI. Mex. 297. North Mexico, Sierra Madre (Seemann, 2176), Sonoita (Wright), various parts of Sonora (Torrey) ; South Mexico, Guanaxuato (Hartweg, 108). Hb. Kew. 2. Cowania plicata, Don in Sweet's Brit. FL Gard. series 2, t. 400. Cowania purpurea, Sieb. et Zucc. in Abhandl. baier. Akad. Wissen. iv. pars 2, p. 7, t. 2. Greggia purpurea, Engelm. North Mexico, uplands of Mexico (Colquhoun), San Luis Potosi (Virlet d'Aoust), at 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 226). Hb. Kew. 15. FALLUGIA. Fallugia, Endl. Gen. Plant, p. 1246 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 618. The only species, a shrub : — 1. Fallugia paradoxa, Endl. ex Torr. in Emory's Rep. p. 139, t. 2. Geum? cercocarpoides, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 554 ; Caiques des Dess. FL Mex. 296. Sieversia paradoxa, Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv. p. 576, t. 22. figg. 7-10. Greggia rupestris, Engelm. Utah, Texas, New Mexico, and California to— North Mexico, abundant (Gregg). Hb. Kew. BOSACKE. 375 16. GEUM. Geum, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 636 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 619. About thirty herbaceous species, widely diffused in both north and south temperate and cold regions ; only one, however, indigenous in South Africa. 1. Geum virginianum, Linn. Sp. Pi. p. 716. Eastern and Southern States of North America. — Mexico, valley of Mexico (Schaffner, 134), Tizapan (Bourgeau, 51), Zacualtipan (Berlandier, 361). Hb. Kew. 2. Geum album, Gmel. in Ind. iii. Sem. Hort. Petrop. p. 34, ex Schl. in Linnaea, xiii. p. 265. South Mexico, in woods near Jalapa (Schiede & Depjae), Mineral del Monte (Ehrenberg). 17. FRAGARIA. Fragaria, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 633 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 620. This genus has a wide range in cold and temperate regions of the north, and in the mountains of South America and the Isle of Bourbon. The forms are numerous ; but Bentham and Hooker estimate the number of species at only three or four. All of them are herbaceous. Perhaps the form below should be regarded as a variety of the widely dispersed F. vesca, Linn. 1. Fragaria mexicana, Schl. in Linnsea, xiii. p. 265. Fragaria vesca, Linn., ex Benth. PI. Hartw. p. 309, et Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald/ p. 282. North Mexico, common in the Sierra Madre (Seemann, 2178) ; South Mexico, Chinantla, Puebla (IAebmann), Zimapan (Coulter, 94), near Jalapa ; San Salvador, la Encarnacion, and Atotonilco el Chico (Schiede) ; Mineral del Monte (Ehrenberg). — — Colombia. Hb. Kew. 18. POTENTILLA. Potentilla, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 634; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 620. About 120 herbaceous and shrubby species, mostly natives of the frigid and tem- perate regions of the north. A few species occur in the mountains of tropical countries ; and two northern species are also rather widely dispersed in the south. 1. Potentilla candicans, Humb. et Bonpl., ex Nestl. Monog. Pot. p. 34, t. 3. fig. 2, et t. 4. fig. 2. Potentilla lineariloba, Ser. in DC. Prodr. ii. p. 582 ; Caiques des Dess. EL. Mex. 298. Potentilla humboldtiana, Tratt. South Mexico. Var. a. In elevated shady places near the village of Tianguillo, between Mexico and Toluca, 9000 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland). 376 ROSACEA. Var. B. Near the village of San Augustin de la Cuevas &c, 8400 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland). From the following localities, without distinction of varieties : — Jalapa (Coulter, 69), Nevada de Toluca (Galeotti, 563), plain of Toluca (Schiede). Hb. Kew. 2. Potentilla comaroides, Nesti. Monog. Pot. p. 62, t. 4. fig. 3. South Mexico, Mount Jorullo (Humboldt & Bonpland), Trapujahua (Keerl). Hb. Kew. 3. Potentilla ehrenbergiana, Schl. in Linnsea, xiii, p. 261. South Mexico, near Huajalote, region of Mineral del Monte (Ehrenberg). 4. Potentilla hgematOChrons, Lehm. Add. ad lnd. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 1836, Collect, p. 6; Monogr. Pot. p. 110; Knowles et "Westc. Fl. Cab. iii. t. 119. Potentilla fusca, Schl. in Linnsea, xiii. p. 262. South Mexico, in alpine meadows, Cumbre de las Papas (ScMede), Mineral del Monte (Ehrenberg), valley of Toluca (Schiede). 5. Potentilla leptopetala, Lehm. in Flora, i. 1831, p. 133. Potentilla hiemalis, Schl. et Ch. South Mexico, Cruz Blanca (Schiede & JDeppe), plain of Toluca (Schiede), Eeal del Monte (Coulter, 73), Mineral del Monte (Ehrenberg), Chiapas (Qhiesbreght). Hb. Kew. 6. Potentilla OVallS, Lehm. Add. ad lnd. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 1849, Collect, p. 9, Ic. Potent, t. 50. Mexico. 7. Potentilla paradoxa, Nutt. in Torr. et Gray, Fl. N. Am. i. p. 437 ; Lehm. Eevis. Potent, in Nov. Act. Leopold. Cses. xxiii. (suppl.) p. 194, t. 62. Missouri, Oregon, &c, southward to — North Mexico. 8. Potentilla ranunculoides, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 216 ; Nestl. Potent, p. 56, t. 3. fig. 1. Potentilla macrorhiza, Lehm. South Mexico, Cerro de las Cruces, between La Puebla and the city of Mexico, 10,000 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland), peak of Orizaba (Linden, 662), at 12,000 feet (Galeotti, 3077), Desierto Viejo (Bourgeau, 1050). Hb. Kew. 9. Potentilla richardii, Lehm. Add. ad lnd. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 1849, Collect, p. 6 ; Monog. Pot. p. 26. Potentilla ancistrifolia, Galeotti, nee Bunge. South Mexico, peak of Orizaba, at 12,500 feet (Linden, 661). Hb. Kew. Tribe POTERIE^E. Nearly the distribution of the order. EOSACRffi. 377 19. ALCHEMILLA. Alchemilla, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 165 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 622. About thirty species, having their maximum concentration in the Andes of America from Mexico to Chili. A few are dispersed over the temperate and frigid regions of the Old World, including the mountains of India and Tropical and South Africa and Australia. 1. Alchemilla hirsuta, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 224. Var. a. campestris. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet {Parry & Palmer, 721) ; South Mexico, in grassy places near Jalapa {Schiede & Beppe; Linden, 103). Var. 0. alpestris. South Mexico, Mount Orizaba {Schiede & Beppe). — Andes of South America. Hb. Kew. 2. Alchemilla orbiculata, Euiz et Pav. Fl. Peruv. i. p. 68. South Mexico, Chiapas {Ghiesbreght, 613), pastures in the region of Orizaba {Bour- geau, 2505), Ciudad Eeal and Jalapa {Linden, 706, 103), Totontepec, Oaxaca {Lieb- mann), peak of Orizaba, 12,000 feet {Oaleotti, 558). — Andes of South America. Hb. Kew. 3. Alchemilla pectinata, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 226. South Mexico, in woods near Jalapa and San Andres {Schiede & Beppe), Tbluca {Berlandier, 1078). — Colombia. Hb. Paris, 4. Alchemilla sibbaldisefolia, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 225, t. 561. North Mexico, Sierra Madre {Seemann, 2179), San Luis {Virlet d'Aoust), 6000 to 8000 feet {Parry & Palmer, 227) ; South Mexico, valley of Mexico {Bourgeau,, 308), Zimapan {Coulter, 72), peak of Orizaba, 9000 to 12,000 feet {Galeotti, 559), near Tianguillo, between Toluca and the city of Mexico, 9000 feet {Humboldt & Bonpland) ; Guatemala, without locality {Friedrichsthal), Volcan de Agua, 10,000 feet {Salvin & Godman). — Andes of South America. Hb. Kew. 5. Alchemilla tripartita, Euiz et Pav. Fl. Peruv. i. p. 68. North Mexico, San Luis {Virlet d'Aoust) ; South Mexico, peak of Orizaba, 14,000 to 15,300 feet {Liebmann), Eeal del Monte {Coulter, 71), Santa Fe and Pedregal, near Mexico {Bourgeau, 308, 311), near San Angel {Schaffner). — Andes of South America. Hb, Kew. 6. Alchemilla veilUSta, Schl. et Ch. in Linnsea, v. p. 573. South Mexico, without any precise locality {Schiede & Beppe). biol. cent.-amer., Bot. Vol. 1, June 1880. 3 c 378 eosace^:. 7. Alchemilla VUlcanica, Schl. et Ch. in Linnsea, v. p. 573. South Mexico, Mount Orizaba (Schiede & Beppe), without locality (Aschenborn). 8. Alchemilla, sp. (A. tripartita affinis). South Mexico, Chiapas (Ghiesbreght). Hb. Kew. 9. Alchemilla, sp. Mexico (SalU, 2). Hb. Kew. 20. AGKIMONIA. Agrimonia, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 607 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 622. About twenty herbaceous species have been described ; but Bentham and Hooker estimate there may not be more than six or eight distinct ones. They are generally dif- fused in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere and in South America. 1. Agrimonia parviflora, Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1, ii. p. 130. Southern States of North America. — South Mexico, Vera Cruz (Liebmann), in thickets near Jalapa (Schiede & Deppe). Hb. Kew. 2. Agrimonia, sp. South Mexico, Orizaba (Botteri, 826). Hb. Kew. 21. ACAENA.1 Acana, Linn. Mant. 200; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 623. About thirty herbaceous species, principally natives of the temperate and cold regions of the southern hemisphere, but extending northward in America to Mexico and California. l. Acaena agrimonioides, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et sP. vi. p. 231. South Mexico, near Tianguillo, 9000 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland). *"" 2. Acaena elongata, Linn. Mant. p. 200. South Mexico, peak of Orizaba, 10,000 to 12,000 feet (Liebmann; Linden, 1402; Galeotti, 3081) ; Guatemala, top of Volcan de Fuego (Salvin & Godman, 250).— Colombia. Hb. Kew. 3. Acaena lappacea, Ruiz et Pav. Fl. Peruv. i. p. 66, t. 103. fig. a. South Mexico, Eeal del Monte (Coulter, 74), forest of the Desierto Viejo (Bourgeau, 309).— Andes of South America. Hb. Kew. 4. Acaena laevigata, Vahl, Enum. i. P. 297. Ancistrum lavigatum, Lag. a frH. ^SIC°' ^ W°°dS °n M°Unt 0rizaba at Ang^g«io (Schiede), Mineral del Monte (Ehrenlerg).— Patagonia. ROSACEA. 379 Tribe KOSE^l. • Restricted to the genus Rosa. 22. ROSA. Rosa, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 631 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 625. This genus presents an immense variety of slightly different forms, which some botanists regard as species, hundreds of which have been described ; but there are pro- bably not more than fifty distinct types. They are generally dispersed in the temperate and subalpine regions of the northern hemisphere, reaching their southern limits in Mexico, Abyssinia, and the eastern peninsula of India. Several double-flowered varieties are more or less naturalized in some parts of Mexico. 1. B-OSa blanda, Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1, ii. p. 202. Widely spread in North America from Canada and the extreme Noeth-west south- wards to the Mexican boundary, and probably in Noeth Mexico. 2. Eosa montezumse, Red. Roses, p. 55, t. 16. South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 96), San Angel (Bourgeau, 49), Real del Monte (Hartweg), around Toluca (Andrieux, 394), Mineral del Monte (Ehrenberg), in oak-woods between the city of Mexico and Moran, near the mine of San Pedro, at 8760 feet (Hum- boldt & Bonpland), Real del Monte, 7500 feet (Galeotti, 3108). Hb. Kew. Schlechtendal refers this to R. canina, Linn. Tribe POME^l. Trees and shrubs. Upwards of 150 species, belonging to nine genera. With the exception of the genus Osteomeles, which is represented in the Andes of South America, from Colombia to Peru, by about eight or ten species, this tribe is restricted to the northern hemisphere, and chiefly to temperate regions. 23. CRAT^GUS. Crataegus, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 622; Bentb. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 626. About thirty species, dispersed all round the north temperate zone. 1. Crataegus crUS-galli, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 632; DC. Prodr. ii. p. 626. Canada southwards. — South Mexico, Santa Fe (Bourgeau, 50). Hb. Kew. 2. Crataegus mexicana, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 629; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 299. Noeth Mexico, San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 228) ; South Mexico, Teocote (Graham), Vera Cruz (Linden, 656), Jalapa (Galeotti), Orizaba (Bot- teri, 831), without locality (Gregg, Christy). Hb. Kew. 3c2 380 KOSACTLE. 3. Crataegus pubescens, Steud. Nomencl. Bot. i. p. 433. Mespilus pubescem, H. B. K. Not. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 213, t. 555. North Mexico, about Durango, wild, also cultivated for its fruit (Seemann); South Mexico, Eeal del Monte (Coulter, 84), near Moran, 7980 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland), Texojote and Chinantla (IAebmann), Chiapas (Ghiesbreght, 630), Zimapan (Aschen- born), woods, Jalapa (Schiede). Hb. Kew. ^ 4. Crataegus Stipulosa, Steud. Nomencl. Bot. i. p. 434. Mespilus stipulosa, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 213. South Mexico, Chilco (Hall), without locality (Bates) ; Guatemala, without locality (Skinner), — Peru. Hb. Kew. 5. Crataegus subserrata, Benth. Pi. Hartw. p. 10. South Mexico, Guanaxuato (Hartweg, 47). Hb. Kew. 6. Crataegus, sp. (" vix C. mexicance var."). South Mexico, Ciudad Eeal (Linden, 708). Hb. Kew. 24. COTONEASTER. Coloneaster, Medik, ex Lindley in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 101 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i, p. 627. About fifteen species, most numerous in the mountains of Northern India. I. Cotoneaster denticulata, H.B.K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 214, t. 556. Nagelia denticulata, Lindl. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 230) ; South Mexico, very common on sandstone hills near Begla (Hartweg), Chiapas (Ghies- breght, 812), Tacubaya (JBourgeau, 268), Oaxaca (IAebmann; Galeotti, 3092), Misteca Alta, 7000 feet (Galeotti, 7186). Hb. Kew. Var. latifolia. South Mexico, Comitan, Chiapas (Linden, 704 ; Ghiesbreght, 508), Mineral del Monte (Ehrenberg), Malpays de la Joya (Schiede). Hb. Kew. 25. PHOTINIA. Photinia, Lindl. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 103 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 627. About twenty shrubby and arboreous species, chiefly natives of the mountains of Northern India and China and Japan, and one or two of California and Mexico. 1. Photinia mexicana, Hemsley. Chamesmeles mexicana, Baill. Adansonia, ix. p. 148. South Mexico, woods near Vera Cruz (Galeotti, 1660 ; Linden, 382). Hb. Kew. Baillon, who does not appear to have seen the cotyledons of this plant, refers it to the otherwise monotypic Madeiran genus, which has convolute cotyledons. SAXrFBAGACEA 381 Order XLVIII. SAXIFRAGACE.E. SaacifragetB, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 629. About seventy-five genera, embracing 550 species, are referred to this order. There are herbaceous, shrubby, and arboreous species ; and they grow chiefly in the temperate and frigid regions of the northern hemisphere, less numerous in the south, and very few in the tropics. Tribe SAXIFRAGES. This tribe is the most numerous in species ; and they are all herbaceous plants. 1. SAXIEEAGA. Saxifraga, Linn. Gen, Plant, n. 559; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 635. A genus of about 160 species, almost confined to the temperate and frigid regions of the northern hemisphere, where they are generally diffused. A few species occur in South America ; but the genus is not represented either in South Africa, Australia, or the Pacific islands. 1. Saxifraga, sp. South Mexico, rocks at 7000 feet in the Cordillera of Oaxaca (Galeotti, 2836 ; GMes- breght, 119). Hb. Paris. 2. Saxifraga, sp. North Mexico, San Luis (Virlet d'Aoust, 1005). Hb. Paris. These plants bear manuscript names under this genus in the Paris Herbarium. 2. HEUCHEEA. Heuchera, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 320 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 638. About twenty-four species, restricted to North America, ranging from Mexico nearly up to the arctic regions. 1. Heuchera longipetala, Ser. (char, amplif.). Ferrugineo-pilosa, foliis cordato-orbicularibus obscurissime lobatis aristulato-dentatis, floribus parvis cymoso-paniculatis, scapis pedicellisque gracilibus, calyce albo-glanduloso-hirsuto anguste cam- panulato, lobis insequahbus, petalis linearibus quam calycis lobi duplo longioribus, staminibus exsertis. Herba perennis, scaposus, 9-18-pollicaris, ferrugineo-pilosa, pilis breviusculis. Folia longe (3-5- poll.) graciliterque petiolata; lamina membranacea, cordato-orbicularis, 1-2 poll, diametro, obscurissime lobata, ssepe subquinquenervis, aristulato-dentata, utrinque plus minusve appresse pilosa, supra demum glabrescens ; stipulae parvse, fimbriatae. Flores ad 3 lineas longi, anguste cymoso-paniculati; scapus gracilis, infra medium 2-3-bracteatus, bracteis parvis; calyx albo- 382 SAXIFEAGACE^;. glanduloso-birsutus, anguste campanulatus, 2-2£ lineas longus, lobis insequalibus valde obtusis vel rotundatis; petala bnearia, lobis calycinis duplo longiora; stamina exserta; ovarii pars superior libera, glabra ; styli breviusculi, divergences . — H. longipetala, Ser. in DC. Prodr. iv. p. 52 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 423. South Mexico, in mountains above Toluca (Andrieux, 356). Hb. Kew. We have referred Andrieux's specimens to H. longipetala, although, ten stamens are represented in the analysis of the flowers in De Candolle's tracing, quoted above. The ten stamens is probably a mistake ; for only five are shown in the flowers on the plant drawn. In all other respects Andrieux's specimens agree with the plant traced. This species differs from H. orizabensis in its much slenderer scapes and smaller, more numerous flowers, and much smaller stipules. 2. Heuchera minutiflora, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars tertia, p. 50. Scapis petiolisque patentim pilosis, foliis glabrescentibus cordato-orbicularibus obscure lobatis crenato-denticulatis, denticulis apiculatis, floribus minimis cymoso-subspicatis, scapo baud gracili paucifoliato, calyce latiuscule campanulato albo granuloso, petalis quam calycis lobi vix longioribus, staminibus stylisque inclusis vel brevissime exsertis. Herba perennis, scaposus, 12-18-pollicaris. Folia petiolata; petiolus gracilis, lJ-3-pollicaris, patentim f errugineo-pilosus ; lamina membranacea, cordato-orbicularis, 1-2 poll, diametro, obscure lobata, crenato-denticulata, denticulis apiculatis, 7-nervis, utrinque cito glabrescens. Mores minimi (circiter lineam longi) , cymoso-subspicati ; scapus baud gracilis, saepe 3-4- foliatus, infra pilosus, supra albo-granulosus ; calyx albo-granulosus, latiuscule campanulatus, lobis oblongis, obtusis ; petala linearia, lobis calycinis vix longiora ; stamina inclusa (? demum brevissime exserta) ; ovarii parte superior e libera, glabra ; stylis brevibus vix exsertis. South Mexico, Popocatepetl (E. Christy). Hb. Kew. 3. Heuchera Orizabensis, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars tertia, p. 50. Ferrugineo-pilosa, pills patentissimis, foliis cordato-orbicularibus obscure 5-7-lobatis 5-7-nerviis aristulato-dentatis, floribus mediocribus cymoso-paniculatis, scapo baud gracili, calyce glan- duloso-birsuto late campanulato, lobis latissimis rotundatis, petalis linearibus quam calycis lobi saltern duplo longioribus, staminibus exsertis. Herba perennis, scaposa, 1-2-pedalis, petiolis prsecipue ferrugineo -pilosis, pilis longis patentissimis. Folia longe (usque 6-poll.) petiolata; lamina membranacea, cordato-orbicularis, l|-2 poll, diametro, obscure 5-7-lobata, 5-7-nervis, aristulato-dentata, supra cito glabrescens, subtus preecipue secus nervos pilosa, reticulata -venos a ; stipulse amplse, petiolo adnatae. Flores albo- rosei, ad 5 lineas longi, anguste cymoso-paniculati ; scapus baud gracilis, infra medium nudus, paucibracteatus vel paucifoliatus, foliis vel bracteis inciso-dentatis ; calyx glanduloso-birsutus, late campanulatus, ad 3 lineas longus et latus, lobis erectis, latissimis, apice rotundatis ; petala linearia, lobis calycinis saltern duplo longiora ; stamina exserta ; ovarii pars superior libera, glabra ; styli elongati, divergentes. South Mexico, peak of Orizaba, 11,000-12,000 feet (Linden, 577), 10,000-12,500 feet (Galeotti, 2835). Hb. Kew. SAXIFKAGACE^:. 383 4. Heuchera Albescens, Torr. in Stansbury's Eep. p. 388, t. 5. Utah, California, and New Mexico. — North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 231). Hb. Kew. 5. Heuchera sanguinea, Englm. in Wisiiz. Eep. p. 107. North Mexico, Santa Cruz, Sonora (Wislizenus). 3. LEPUROPETALON. Lepuropetalon, Ell. Sk. i. p. 370 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 639. The only species. 1. Lepuropetalon spathulatum, Ell. Sk. i. p. 370. South Carolina to Georgia, Texas, and — North Mexico, Santa Cruz, Sonora (Parry). — Also in Chili, according to Torrey and Gray. Tribe HYDEANGE^]. Trees and shrubs. With few exceptions, natives of the northern hemisphere. 4. HYDRANGEA. Hydrangea, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 557 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 640. About thirty species, dispersed in the mountains of India, China, Japan, Java, and North and South America. 1. Hydrangea peruviana, Moric. in DC. Prodr. iv. p. 14. Comidia radiata, (Erst, in Vidensk. Meddel. 1856,, p. 42. North Mexico, Sierra Madre in barrancas, climbing and rooting on old trees like ivy (Seemann, 2142) ; South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau) ; Costa Rica, Cande- laria Mountains, 6000 to 7000 feet ((Ersted). — Colombia to Peru. Hb. Kew. 5. PHILADELPHIA. Philadelphus, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 614 ; Benth.. et Hook. Gen, Plant, i. p. 642. About twelve species, inhabiting Central Europe, Temperate North America, Japan, and the Himalayan Mountains. Seemann (Bot. Voy. 'Herald') refers all the forms enumerated below to one species. 1. Philadelphus affinis, Schl. in Linnsea, xiii. p. 419. South Mexico, Barranca de la Hacienda del Carmen (Mrenb'erg). ^ 2. Philadelphus myrtoides, Bertoi. Fl. Guat. p. 21. Guatemala, Volcan de Agua (Velasquez). 384 SAXIPEAGACE^;. 3. PhiladelpllUS mexicanus, Schl. in Linnaea, xiii. p. 418 ; Eev. Hort. 1852, p. 381, t. 20. Noeth Mexico, Sierra Madre (Seemann, 2167) ; South Mexico, Chiapas (GMesbreght), San Nicolas (Bourgeau, 995), around Toluca (Andrieux, 373), Hacienda del Carmen {Hartweg, 458), Vera Cruz (Linden, 580), Zimapan (Coulter, 77 and 78), Chalco (Andrieux, 374) ; Guatemala, Duenas (Fraser). Hb. Kew. Doubtless some of the specimens here referred to P. mexicanus belong to one or another of the other species, if the different forms are distinguished as such. 4. Philadelphus serpyllifolius, A. Gray, PI. Wright, i. p. 77. Texas ; New Mexico. — Noeth MEXicoJSonora (Smith). 5. PhiladelpllUS zeyheri, Schrad. \ DC. Prodr. iii. p. 205. South Mexico, Tampico to Real del Monte (Berlandier, 333). Hb. Paris. The typical plant is a native of North America ; but of what part it is not stated. 6. FENDLERA. Fendlera, Engelm. et Gray in PI. Wright, i. p. 77 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 643. The only known species. 1. Fendlera rupicola, Engelm. et A. Gr. PL Wright, p. 77, t. 5. Texas ; New Mexico. — Noeth Mexico, along the valley of the Rio Grande. 7. DEUTZIA. Deutzia, Thunb. Nov. Gen. p. 19; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 642. About eight shrubby species. With the exception of D. mexicana, natives of the Himalayan Mountains and China and Japan. 1. Deutzia mexicana, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars prima, p. 9. (Tab. XVIII.) Poliis ovato-lanceolatis oblongisve obsolete denticulatis iitrinque stellato-pubescentibus, supra sca- bridis subtus albidis, floribus parvis corymbosis, staminibus 12-15, filamentis deorsum dilatatis edentatis. Frutex ramosus, compactus, ramis oppositis, teretibus, junioribus sparse stellatim pubescentibus. Folia petiolata, vix coriacea, ovato-lanceolata seu oblongo-lanceolata, 1 ^-2-pollicaria, obscure denticulata, acuta seu obtusa, utrinque breviter stellato-pubescentia, superne scabrida, atro- viridia, subtus albida, petiolo 3-4 lin. longo. Flares numerosi, corymbosi, corymbis ebracteatis ; calyx stellato-albido-pubescens, lobis ovatis oblongisve, acutis vel fere rotundatis, persistentibus ; petala ovati-oblonga ; stamina 12-15, ssepissime 15, filamentis deorsum dilatatis edentatis; ovarium 3-loculare, multiovulatum ; styli elongati, erecti, demum patentes, persistentes. Fructus maturus ignotus. South Mexico, Orizaba (Botteri, 980). Hb. Kew. This differs from the Asiatic species in having more than ten or twelve stamens, and SAXIEEAGACE^E. 385 in the filaments being destitute of tooth-like appendages just below the anthers. In all other characters it is exactly a Deutzia. EXPLANATION OF TAB. XVIII. Branch in flower, natural size. Pig. 1, partially expanded flower; 2, fully expanded flower; 3, young fruit : all enlarged. Tribe ESCALLONIE^E. A considerable tribe of trees and shrubs, generally dispersed in both the northern and southern hemispheres, but most numerous in the latter, especially in South America. 8. PHYLLONOMA. Phyllonoma, Willd. in Kcem. et Sch. Syst. Veg. vi. p. xx ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 648. The following is the only species known > — 1. Phyllonoma rusci&lia, Willd. in Rcem. et Sch. Syst. Veg. vi. p. 210. Duhngia acuminata, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 78, t. 623. Dulongia laticuspis et Dulongia integerrima, Turcz. North Mexico, Sierra Madre (Seemann, 2163) ; South Mexico, Oaxaca, woods at 6000 feet (Gqleotti, 7197 ; Liebmann), Orizaba (Muller), Mexico (Sumichrast), forests of Perote (Hahn). — Colombia. Hb. Kew. Tribe CUNONIEiE. Also a large tribe, and the species nearly all southern, several genera being peculiar to Australia. 9. WEINMANNIA. Weinmannia, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 493 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 653 ; Engler in Linnsea, xxxvi. p. 592. This is the largest and most widely dispersed genus of the tribe, comprising fifty or sixty species, inhabiting the Malayan peninsula and islands, the Mascarene and Pacific islands, Australia and New Zealand, and Temperate and Tropical South America. 1. Weinmannia glabra, Linn. fil. Sp. PI. Suppl. p.,228 ; Engler in LinnEea, xxxvi., p; .613. ' Weinmannia pinnata, Linn, pro parte. South Mexico, Talea, Oaxaca (Liebmann), Sierra San Pedro Nolasco &c. (Jurgensen, 569, 525), without locality (SalU). — West Indies, Guiana, Venezuela, and Colombia. Hb. Kew. ^ ^ 2. Weinmannia intermedia, Ch. et Schl. in Linnsea, v. p. 555, et xxxvi. p. 616. South Mexico, Cuesta Grande, between Jalacingo and Huitamalco (Schiede & Dejope), Tuspango, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau), between Huitamalco and Tiuzutlan, Puebla (Liebmann) ; Costa Eica, Volcan de Barba (Hoffmann). Hb. Kew. biol. cent.-amek., Bot. Vol. 1, June 1880. 3 d 386 SAXIFEAGACE^. Trite RIBESIE^l. Limited to the following genus : — 10. FJBES. Ribes, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 281 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 654. Between fifty and sixty species, dispersed in Temperate Europe, Asia, and North America, and in the Andes of South America. The American species are most numerous and diversified. 1. Ribes affine, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 60. Ribes campanulatum, Willd. North Mexico, Zacatecas {Hartweg, 7) ; South Mexico, Moran (Humboldt & Bon- pland), Mineral del Monte (Ehrenberg). Hb. Kew. 2. Ribes aureum, Pursh, Fl. N. Am. i. p. 164. Ribes fragrans, Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1533. Ribes tenuiflorum, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1274. Texas; Oregon; California. — North Mexico, Chihuahua and Sonora (Parry), Cimieluque springs (Wright). Hb. Kew. 3. Ribes jomllense, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 61. Ribes ciliatum, Willd. Ribes odoratum, Schl. South Mexico, Zimapan and Real del Monte (Coulter, 16), Popocatepetl, peak of Toluca and peak of Orizaba, at 10,000 to 12,000 feet (Galeotti, 3691), Toluca (Andrieux, 357), Jorullo (Humboldt & Bonpland). Hb. Kew. 4. Ribes microphyllum, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 62. South Mexico, near El Guarda, between Guchilaque and Mexico, at 8400 feet (Hum- boldt & Bonpland). 5. Ribes multiflorum, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 60. Ribes kunthii, Berland. South Mexico, Moran (Humboldt & Bonpland), in forests near Guajimalpa (Schaffner). Hb. Kew. 6. Ribes, sp. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 232), San Luis Potosi to Tampico (Palmer, 1063), Santa Fe, valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 302). Hb. Kew. CRASSTTLACE^:. 387 Order XLIX. CRASSULACE^. Crassulaceee, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 656. Herbs or shrubs, often succulent. About 400 species, referred to fourteen genera. They are most abundant in the temperate and subtropical parts of Europe, Western Asia, South Africa, and in America, rare in the arctic regions and in Australia, and not represented in Polynesia. 1. TILL^EA. Tillam, Linn. Gen. Plant n. 177; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 657. Small herbs. About twenty species, almost cosmopolitan in their distribution. 1. TillaBa angUStifolia, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i. p. 558. Oregon southward. — Nokth Mexico, San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 680 ; Schqffner). Hb. Kew. 2. BRYOPHYLLUM. Bryophyllum, Salisb. Parad. Lond. t. 3 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 658. A genus of four species, two of which inhabit Madagascar, one South Africa, and the following : — 1. Bryophyllum calycinum, Salisb. Parad. Lond. t. 3 ; Bot. Mag. t. 1409. "Widely dispersed in the Tropical and Subtropical Regions of both hemispheres, and extending to — South Mexico, Orizaba (Botteri, 933), Mineral del Monte, Omitlan, and Cuesta Blanca (JEhrenherg). Hb. Kew. 3. COTYLEDON. Cotyledon, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 578 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 659. About sixty herbaceous and shrubby species, usually having fleshy leaves. They inhabit Southern and Western Europe, the whole of Africa, the Himalayan Mountains, Eastern Asia, Mexico, and California ; and one species is a native of Peru. The sub- genus Echeveria is peculiar to America, having its centre in Mexico. 1. Cotyledon aCUtifolia, Baker in Ref. Bot. i. sub tab. 71. n. 34. Echeveria acutifolia, Lindl. Bot. Keg. xxviii. t. 29. South Mexico, Oaxaca (Hartweg) ; Guatemala, Duenas, 5000 feet (Salvin & Godman). Hb. Kew. 2. Cotyledon adunca, Baker in Ref. Bot. t. 60. Mexico. 3. Cotyledon agavoides, Baker in Ref. Bot. t. 67. Echeveria agavoides, Lemaire, 111. Hort. x. Suppl. p. 78. Mexico. 3^2 388 CKASStTLACEE. 4. Cotyledon (Echeveria) albiflora, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 9. Herbacea, glaberrima, foliis caulinis parvis ovato-oblongis crassis obtusis, floribus parvis (albis, Galeotti) sessilibus vel breviter pedicellatis spicato-paniculatis. Herba perennis, glaberrima, ramis vix carnosis. Folia, caulina sparsa, alterna, carnosa, ovato- oblonga, obtusa, vix semipollicaria. Mores (albi, Galeotti) parvi, sessiles vel breviter pedicel- lati, spicato-paniculati ; sepala fere libera et aequalia, carnosa, late ovata, obtusa, 1-1^ lin. longa ; corollse lobi fere ad medium coaliti, carnosi, erecti, carinati, acuti, 2^-3 lin. longi; stamina tubo inserta, lobis breviora ; squamulse quadratse. Carpella 5, stylis brevibus coronata. South Mexico, rocks at 7000 feet in the Cordillera of Oaxaca (Galeotti, 2810). Hb. Kew. The specimens of this species are very imperfect; but the inflorescence and white flowers distinguish it from all others. 5. Cotyledon atropurpurea, Baker in Kef. Bot. 1. 198. Mexico 1 6. Cotyledon batesii, Hemsley, Diag. PL Nov. pars 1, p. 9. (Tab. XIX.) Suffruticosa, glaberrima, ramosa, ramis lignosis, foliis sparsis vel confertis carnosis lineari-oblongis acutis obtusisve (planis?), floribus parvis numerosis in cymas densas terminales plurifurcatas dispositis. Swffrutex habitu Sedi cujusdam, glaberrimus, vix carnosus, ramosus, ramis tenuibus, teretibus, lignosis, 6-12-pollicaribus. Folia sparsa vel interdum rosulata, carnosa (plana?), lineari- oblonga (subteretia ?) , 4-6 lin. longa, ovata et multo breviora, obtusa vel acuta, basi soluta. Flores parvi, vix 3 lineas alti et diametro, numerosi, in cymas densas plurifurcatas terminales dispositi; calycis lobi carnosi, inaequales, fere liberi, lineari-oblongi, obtusi, basi gibbosi; corolla vix carnosa, tubulosa, calyce paulo longior, lobis late ovatis, acutis, erectis, leviter carinatis, quam tubus brevioribus ; stamina 10, fauci tubi inserta, inclusa, filamentis basi dila- tatis; squamulse parvse, subquadratse. Carpella 5, angusta, stylis elongatis subulatis coronata. South Mexico, without localities (Bates, Schiede & Deppe), Zacoalco, near Mexico (JBourgeau, 561), Santa Fe (1178 bis, Bourgeau). Hb. Kew. This species is remarkably like a Sedum of the S. reflexum type in habit, but it has altogether the floral characters of Cotyledon. EXPLANATION OF TAB. XIX. Plant, Dat. size. Fig. 1, a leaf; 2, a flower; 3, the same laid open. 7. Cotyledon bifida, Hemsl. Echeveria bifida, Schl. in Linnsea, v. p. 411. South Mexico, in a barranca near Kegla (Schiede). 8. Cotyledon coccinea, Cav. Ic. ii. p. 54, 1. 170 ; Bot. Mag. t. 2572. Mexico. CEASSTJLACE^:. 389 9. Cotyledon COrderoyi, Baker in Gard. Chron. 1874, p. 599. Mexico \ 10. Cotyledon caespitosa, Haw. Misc. p. 180 ; Eef. Bot. t. 69. Cotyledon linguiformis , Ait. Cotyledon reflexa, Willd. Echeveria ccespitosa, DC. Sedum cotyledon, Jacq. Eel. i. t. 17. Echeveria campanulata, Kze. Delect. Sem. Hort. Lips. 1842. California. — Mexico. 11. Cotyledon canaliculata, Baker in Eef. Bot. i. sub tab. 58. n. 9. Echeveria canaliculata, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4986. South Mexico, Eeal del Monte (Staines). 12. Cotyledon carnicolor, Baker in Eef. Bot. iii. 1. 199. Mexico % 13. Cotyledon cymosa, Baker in Eef. Bot. t. 68. Echeveria cymosa, Lemaire, 111. Hort. x. Suppl. p. 79. Mexico. 14. Cotyledon desmetiana, Morren, Belg. Hort. xxiv. p. 159. Mexico. 15. Cotyledon farinulenta, Lem. 111. Hort. 1864, sub tab. 392. Mexico. 16. Cotyledon flllgens, Baker in Eef. Bot. t. 64. Echeveria fulgens, Lem. Jard.-Fleur. t. 244. Mexico. 17. Cotyledon (§ Umbilicus) galeottiana, Hemsley, Diag. Pi. Nov. pars 1, p. 9. Herbacea, glabrescens, ramosa, ramis gracilibus lignosis, foliis (radicalibus ignotis) vix carnosis glabris alternis spathulatis petiolatis, floribus albis pedicellatis in cymas unilaterales dispositis, sepalis basi gibbosis, corolla infra medium 5-partita. Herba (annna?) glabrescens, ramosa, 4-6-pollicaria (probabiliter interdum ultra), ramis tenuibus teretibus, lignosis, glaucis. Folia (radicalia ignota) caulina alterna, vix carnosa, glabra, ovato-lanceolata, obtusa, deorsum attennata, 6-9 lineas longa. Flores albi, pedicellati, circiter 5-6 lin. diametro, in cymas unilaterales dispositi; pedicelli sparse puberuli, 3-6 lin. longi; calycis lobi subcarnosi, linearo-oblongi, obtusi, petalis paulo breviores, basi gibbosi ; corollae lobi vix ad medium cohaerentes, lanceolati, acuti ; stamina 10, tubo inserta, alterna, breviora, filamentis filiformibus vel basi parum dilatatis ; squamulse fere sesquilinese. Carpella 5, oblonga, polysperma, stylis brevibus subulatis coronata ; semina oblonga. South Mexico, rocks at 5000 to 6000 feet in the Cordillera of Oaxaca (Galeotti, 2812). Hb. Kew. A distinct species, readily distinguished from air described Mexican congeners by its white cymose flowers. 390 CRASSULACE^. 18. Cotyledon glauca, Baker in Eef. Bot. t. 61. South Mexico, mill of Belen (Bourgeau, 48). Hb. Kew. 19. Cotyledon gibbiflora, Moc. et Sesse in DC. Prodr. iii. p. 401 ; Bot. Beg. t. 1247. Echeveria grandiflora, Haw. South Mexico, Pedregal, near Mexico [Bourgeau, 1378), region of Orizaba (Bour- geau, 3). Var. metallica, Baker in Eef. Bot. t. 65. Mexico. Hb. Kew. 20. Cotyledon grayii, Baker in Eef. Bot. i. sub tab. 71. n. 33. Echeveria paniculata, Gray, PI. Wright, i. p. 76, in adnot. Nokth Mexico, Cosiquiriachi ( Wislizenus). 21. Cotyledon jurgensenii, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 9. Sufiruticosa, erecta, humilis, hispidula, ramis tenuibus teretibus lignosis Miosis, foliis parvis ovato- oblongis obtusis basi solutis subamplexicaulibus, floribus rubescentibus sessilibus cymosis, cymis 2-3-floris. Suffrutex semipedalis, parce ramosus, ramis temribus, teretibus, lignosis, per totam longitudinem foliosis. Folia alterna, hispidula, subcarnosa, ovato-oblonga, obtusa, 1^—2 lin. longa, basi soluta, subamplexicaulia. Flores rubescentes, sessiles, 3-4 lineas diametro, in cymas termi- nales et laterales paucifloras dispositi ; calyx hispidulus, lobis lineari-lanceolatis, obtusis, fere liberis ; corollse lobi breviter coaliti, lanceolati, carinati, apiculati, vix carnosi, calycis longi- tudine dupla ; filamenta deorsum dilatata ; squanmlae parvse, truncatae. Carpella 5, polysperma, stylis elongatis subulatis coronata. South Mexico, without locality (Jurgensen, 616, in part). Hb. Kew. This and C. mexicana were distributed under the same number ; and they closely resemble each other, both having the habit of a small Sedum. 22. Cotyledon linguae&lia, Baker in Eef. Bot. t. 58. Echeveria linguafolia, Lemaire, 111. Hort. x. suppl. p. 81. Mexico. 23. Cotyledon lurida, Baker in Eef. Bot. t. 59. Echeveria lurida, Lindl. Bot. Reg. xxvii. t. 1. Echeveria racemosa, Cb. et Sehl. Bot. Mag. t. 3570. Echeveria lurida, Haw. in Phil. Mag. 1831, p. 416 ? South Mexico, on walls, Jalapa (Schiede & Deppe). 24. Cotyledon mexicana, Hemsley. Herbacea, pumila, glabra, ramis tenuibus lignosis, foliis parvis subcarnosis lineari-spathulatis lanceolatisve obtusis, floribus rubescentibus (?), sepalis linearibus obtusis subcarnosis, petalis alte cohaerentibus quam sepala parum longioribus, staminibus 10 fauci tubi insertis. Herba glabra, 3-4-poll., erecta, ramis tenuibus lignosis. Folia sparsa vel ramorum sterilium conferta, alterna, subcarnosa, lineari-spathulata vel lanceolata, obtusa, 3-4 lin. longa. Flores pauci, cymosi, breviter pedicellati; sepala fere libera, linearia, obtusa; petala plana, dimidia ckassulacej:. 391 arete cobserentia, corollam tubulosam formantia, 3-4 lineas longa, lobis ovatis, acutis, fere erectis; stamina 10, fauci tubi inserta, inclusa, alternis brevioribusj squamulse parvse, subcarnosse, truncatse, retusse. Carpella 5, polysperma. — Umbilicus mexicanus, ScH. in Linnsea, xiii. p. 409. South Mexico, without locality (Jurgensen, 616, in part), Mineral del Monte Ehreriberg). Hb. Kew. 25. Cotyledon mucronata, Baker in Eef. Bot. sub t. 55. n. 4. Echeveria mucronata, Scbl. in Linnsea, xii, p. 411, et Hort. Hal. p. 19, t. 10. South Mexico, Mineral del Monte, Omitlan, and Cuesta Blanca (Ehrenberg). 26. Cotyledon nevadensis, Watson, Fl. Calif, i. p. 212. California. — North Mexico, Sonora. 27. Cotyledon nodulosa, Baker in Eef. Bot. t. 56. Mexico. 28. Cotyledon nuda, Baker in Eef. Bot. t. 57. Mexico. 29. Cotyledon pachyphytnm, Baker in Eef. Bot. i. sub t. 59. n. 12. Pachyphytum bracteosum, Kl. Bot. Mag. t. 4951. Mexico. 30. Cotyledon (Echeveria) parviflora, Hemsley, Diag. Pi. Nov. pars i, p. 9. Herbacea (annua ?) , glabra, caule erecto simplici, foliis radicalibus ignotis, caulinis sessilibus carnosis lineari-oblongis acutis adscendentibus basi solutis deorsum productis, floribus parvis sessilibus in cymas parvas spicatim dispositis vel spicatis. Herba (annua ?) stricta, erecta, glaberrima, caule simplici gracili, 4-10-pollicari. Folia radicalia ignota ; caulina sessilia, carnosa, adscendentia, lineari-lanceolata, 4-8 lin. longa, acuta, basi soluta, deorsum producta. Flores numerosi, 2-3 lin. longi, sessiles, purpureo-maculati, in cymas 2-3- floras spicatim dispositi vel spicati, bracteis foliis simillimis ; calycis lobi inasquales, foliis simillimi, petalis fere sequilongi, ovato-oblongi, obtusi ; corollse lobi vix carnosi, fere ad medium coh^renti, ovati, acuti, apice patenti, dorso carinati; stamina 10, tubo inserta, inclusa ; squamulse parvas, truncatse. Carpella 5, polysperma, cornuta ; semina minuta, oblonga. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 238) ; South Mexico, Mount Zacoalco, near Guadalupe, valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 729), Eeal del Monte (Coulter, 39), Guadalupe (Bilimek, 172). Hb. Kew. This differs from all previously described species of this section in its small flowers, small leaves, and slender stem. The petals spread at the tips, and are apparently traversed longitudinally by numerous very thin reddish lines on a lighter ground. 31. Cotyledon pubescens, Baker in Eef. Bot. i. sub t. 56, et iii. t. 197. Echeveria pubescens, Scbl. in Linnsea, xiii. p. 411, et Hort. Hal. p. 19, t. 9. South Mexico, valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 730). Hb. Kew. 32. Cotyledon pumila, Baker in Eef. Bot. t. 62. Echeveria pumila, Scbl. Hort. Hal. p. 20. Mexico. 392 CRASSTJLACEL3E. 33. Cotyledon roseata, Baker in Kef. Bot. sub t. 55. n. 3. Echeveria rosea, Lindl. Bot. Eeg. xxviii. t. 22. Courantia echeverioides, Lemaire. Mexico. 34. Cotyledon retUSa, Baker in Eef. Bot. sub t. 64. n. 22. Echeveria retusa, Lindl. Bot. Reg. xxxiii. t. 57. Mexico. 35. Cotyledon SCheerii, Baker in Eef. Bot. sub t. 62. n. 19. Echeveria scheerii, Lindl. Bot. Reg. xxxi. t. 27. North Mexico, Chihuahua (Potts). 36. Cotyledon secunda, Baker in Eef. Bot. sub t. 60. n. 14. Echeveria secunda, Lindl. Bot. Reg. xxvi. t. 57. Echeveria rosacea, Lind. et Andre, 111. Hort. 1873, p. 64, t. 124 ? Mexico. 37. Cotyledon stolonifera, Baker in Eef. Bot. t. 63. Mexico. 38. Cotyledon strictiflora, Baker in Eef. Bot. sub t. 62. n. 17. Echeveria strictiflora, A. Gray. Mexico. 39. Cotyledon SUbulifblia, Baker in Eef. Bot. sub t. 71. n. 32. Echeveria teretifolia, DC. Prodr. iii. p. 401 ; DC. Crass, t. 6. Mexico. 4. SEDUM. Sedum, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 579 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 659. About 120 species, chiefly herbaceous, spread over the temperate and cold regions of the northern hemisphere ; and one or two species occur in the Andes of South America. Few of the Mexican species were described, and some of them only impefectly ; we have therefore described the new species and redescribed the old ones. 1. Sedum batesii, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 12. Annuum, pnmilum, gracillimum, glabrum, simplicicaule vel ramosum, foliis carnosis parvis remotis lineari-spathulatis, floribus albis numerosis cymosis fere sessilibus vel singulis et longe pedi- cellatis, calycis lobis crassis basi longe productis. Herba annua, erecta, glaberrima, gracillima, 2-3-pollicaris. Radix crassa. Caulis simplex vel ramosus, teres. Folia carnosa, distantia, lineari-spatbulata, 3—5 lin. longa. Flores albi numerosi, pedicellati, cymosi, 3-4 Hn. diametro ; sepala carnosa, oblongo-lanceolata, obtusa, basi longe producta; petala lanceolata, acuta, sepalis duplo longiora; stamina 10, petalis aequilonga ; filamentis basi tantum dilatatis ; squamulae lineari-cuneatae, apice rotundatae vix semilineamlong8e,rubrae. Carpella 5, ovata, stylis elongatis subulatis coronata; semina parva, linearia. Mexico, without locality (Bates). Hb. Kew. CEASSULACEJi:. 393 2. Sedum bourgasi, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 11. (Tab. XX.) Suffrutescens, glaberrimum, ramosum, ramis lignosis, foliis sparsis carnosis teretibus, floribus (luteis?) breviter pedicellatis in cymas laxas plurifurcatas dispositis, calycis lobis carnosis obtusis, petalis obtusiusculis. Suffrutex procumbens, ramosus, glaberrimus, ramis teretibus, basi lignosis, floriferis adscendentibus, 6-9-pollicaribus. Folia sparsa, alterna, carnosa, teretia, obtusa, granuloso-punctata (an semper?), 4-6 lin. longa, basi soluta. Flores (lutei?) breviter pedicellati, 5-6 lin. diametro, in cymas laxas bracteatas plurifurcatas dispositi, bracteis foliis sitnillimis sed minoribus; calycis lobi inaequales, carnosi, lineari-oblongi, obtusi, basi gibbosi ; petala lanceolata, obtusi- uscula; stamina 10, petalis breviora; squamulse lineares, \ lin. longse. Carpella 5, stylis elongatis subulatis coronata. South Mexico, San Nicolas (Bourgecm, 933). Hb. Kew. EXPLANATION OP TAB. XX. Portion of a plant, nat. size. Fig. 1, a leaf; 2, a flower ; 3, the same with petals and stamens removed. 3. Sedum botterii, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 10. Fruticosum, glabrum, ramosum, ramis carnosis valde foliosis, foliis subcarnosis alternis obovato- spathulatis ellipticis vel fere rotundatis basi cuneatis, floribus (luteis ?) laxe cymoso-panicu- latis pedicellatis, sepalis quam petala dimidio brevioribus, squamulis latis. Frutex glaber, ramosus, ramis crasso-carnosis, junioribus valde foliosis. Folia subcarnosa, alterna, spathulata, obovata, elliptica vel fere rotundata, usque sesquipollicaria, apice semper rotundata, basi cuneata, venis (in siccis) manifestis. Flores breviter pedicellati, laxe cymoso-paniculati, 5-6 lineas diametro, ramulis panicularum elongatis, gracilibus; calycis lobi plani (?), lineari- oblongi, obtusi ; petala (lutea ?) anguste lanceolata, acuta, sepalis duplo longiora ; filamenta filiformia, petalis breviora ; squamulae magnse, subquadratse vel fere orbiculares, basi attenuate. Carpella 5, lata ; semina parva, oblonga. South Mexico, Orizaba (Botteri, 466, 957), valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 2061). The loose paniculate inflorescence with slender branches, the narrow acute petals, and the relatively large hypogynous scales distinguish this species. 4. Sedum COnfilSUm, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 10. Fruticosum, glaberrimum, nitidum, ramis teretibus vix incrassatis, foliis crassis sparsis vel in ramulis sterilibus rosulatis obovato-spathulatis, floribus sessilibus cymosis 4-5 lin. diametro, cymis congestis, calycis lobis parvis incrassatis, filamentis filiformibus, squamulis minutis rotundatis. Frutex glaberrimus, nitidus, ramosus, 1-2-pedalis, ramis teretibus vix incrassatis. Folia sessilia, crassa, obovato-spathulata, 9-12 lin. longa, apice rotundata, basi soluta, infra vix canaliculata. Flores flavi, sessiles, in cymas parvas congestas disposita, 4-5 lin. diametro ; calycis lobi parvi, oblongi, obtusi, incrassati, ad ^ lin. longi ; petala ovato-lanceolata ; filamenta filiformia, petalis breviora ; squamulse minute, rotundata:. Mexico 1 Described from garden specimens named S. spathulifolium, from which it is very distinct, belonging to the same shrubby group as S. dendroideum. biol. cent.-amer., Bot. Vol. 1, June 1880. 3e 394 CKASSTJLACRE. 5. Sedum ClipreSSOides, Hemsley, Diag. PL Nov. pars 1, p. 11. (Tab. XXI.) Suffrutescens, procumbens, humile, ramosum, ramis graeilibus, foliis incrassatis parvis ovato- teretibus dense appresso-imbricatis, floribus solitariis vel paucis aggregatis. Suffrutex glaberrimus, ramosus, procumbens, 4-6-pollicaris, ramis graeilibus, dense foliosis. Folia incrassata, parva, sessilia, imbricata, ovato-teretia, obtusa, vix lineam longa, basi soluta et late expanso-gibbosa. Flores rosei, sessiles, ad 3 lineas diametro, in cymas parvas laterales dispositi, vel ssepius solitarii et terminales ; calycis lobi subcarnosi, breves, ovato-oblongi ; petala rosea (Galeotti), lanceolata, acuta, calycis lobis quadruplo longioraj filamenta filiformia, petalis breviora ; squamulse parvse, truncatae vel retusse. Carpella angusta, stylis elongatis subulatis coronata. South Mexico, rocks at 7000 feet in the Cordillera of Oaxaca {Galeotti, 2811), without exact locality (Jurgensen, 672). Hb. Kew. A curious plant, reminding one of the South- African Crassula lycopodioides ; but it is of more slender habit. EXPLANATION OF TAB. XXI. The plants, natural size. Fig. 1, leaves in different positions ; 2, portion of branch bearing a solitary terminal flower ; 3, a folly expanded flower ; 4, a flower from the specimen with lateral inflorescence ; 5, gynaecium : all enlarged. 6. Sedum dendroideum, Moc. et Sesse (char, emend.). Fruticosum, erectum, ramosum, glabrum, ramis crassis carnosis, foliis carnosis obovato-spathulatis vel fere rotundatis sessikbus basi solutis deorsum leviter productis, floribus cymoso-paniculatis sessilibus, calycis lobis late ovatis obtusis triplo quam petala brevioribus, petalis late lanceolatis acutis, squamulis parvis truncatis vix emarginatis. Frutex erectus, ramosus, glaberrimus, ramis crasso-carnosis, versus apices tantum foliosis. Folia sessUia, carnosa, obovato-spathulata vel fere rotundata, basi soluta, deorsum leviter producta, ■J-l-g- poll, longa, sparsa vel in ramis sterilibus rosulata. Flores pentameri, flavi, 5-6 lin. diametro vel ultra, sessiles, bracteati, secundi, cymoso-paniculati, paniculis amplis, densis ; calycis lobi late ovati, obtusi, breves ; petala late lanceolata, acuta, ad 3 lin. longa ; filamenta basi dilatata ; squamulae parvas, truncatse, leviter retusas. Carpella polysperma, stylis subulatis coronata. — Moc. et Sesse in DC. Mem. Crass, p. 37, t. 9. South Mexico, Barranca, valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 1421). Hb. Kew. De Candolle's description of this species was made from a drawing, and is consequently incomplete. Bourgeau's specimens correspond so well with the figure quoted above, that they may be regarded as typical, in conjunction with this fuller description. 7. Sedum ebracteatum, Moc. et Sesse (char, emend.). Herbaceum, ramis sterilibus brevissimis foliis dense rosulatis, ramis floriferis erectis foliis distanti- bus, foliis carnosis albo-puberulis oblongis obtusiusculis, cymis patentibus, floribus sessilibus bracteatis, calycis lobis lanceolatis subcrassis glandulosis, petalis albo-flavescentibus duplo longioribus quam lobi calycis. Herba : rami steriles brevissimi, foliis dense rosulatis ; floriferi erecti, pedales, foliis distanti- bus. Folia carnosa, albido-pubescentia, ovali-oblonga, 9-15 lineas longa, basi lata, ramorum floriferorum subamplexicaulia, omnia obtusiuscula. Flores pentameri, albo-flavescentes, CKASSTTLACE^. 395 6-7 lin. diametro, sessiles, in cymas elongatas bracteatas dispositi ; calycis lobi glandulosi, lanceolati, obtusi; petala ovato-lanceolata, acuta; filamenta filiformiaj squamulse parvse, oblongse.— DC. Mem. Crass, p. 37, t. 6. fig. B ; Baker in Refuy. Bot. iv. t. 221 : male descriptum. Mexico (Mogino). Cultivated specimens in Hb. Kew. De Candolle described this species from a drawing. Subsequently a cultivated plant was identified with the figure by the late A. A. Black, which, with this amended description, may now be regarded as typical. 8. Sedum fuscum. Annuum, pumilum, erectum, ramosum, glabrum, ramis gracilibus, foliis superioribus carnosis oblongis compressis ramis arete appressis, cymis elongatis multifloris, sepalis carnosis oblongis basi longe productis, petalis albis, carpellis demum divergentibus, seminibus numerosis oblongis fuscis punctulatis. Herba annua, erecta, glabra, ramosa, 3-4-pollicaris, ramis gracilibus, exsiccatis fere aphyllis, in- ferioribus alternis, superioribus oppositis. Folia (pauca superiora tantum visa) carnosa, late oblonga/ 2-3 lineas longa, compressa, utrinque rotundata, basi soluta, deorsum longiuscule producta, ramis arete appressa. Mores cymosi, breviter pedicellati, circiter 5 lineas diametro, cymis multifloris elongatis ; sepala carnosa, foliis simillima sed breviora, oblonga, basi longe producta, flavescentia, ssepe roseo vel purpureo picta ; petala alba, ecarinata ; filamenta filiformia; squamulse obsoletse. Carpella 5, polysperma, subinflata, demum divergentiaj purpurascentia ; semina oblonga, fusca, punctulata. Nobth Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 235). Hb. Kew. This species closely resembles S. sparsiflorum, Nutt., to which we at first referred it ; but it differs in its white petals, much less divergent carpels, and in its dark, distinctly pitted seeds. The habit, too, is somewhat different. 9. Sedum greggii, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 12. Herbaceum, perenne, pumilum, glabrum, foliis parvis carnosis confertis ellipticis vel obovato-oblongis minute crenulatis, floribus luteis sessilibus in cymas simplices terminales 3-5 (vel plures ?) aggregatis, sepalis oblongis ellipticisve obtusis rotundatisve, petalis ovato-lanceolatis acutis carinatis. Herba perennis, glabra, ramis floriferis erectis, 3-6-polliearibus, cito exfoliatis. Folia carnosa, conferta, obovato-oblonga vel elliptica, 2-3 lin. longa, minute serrulata. Flares lutei, sessiles, in cymas simplices terminales 3-5 aggregati, ad 5 lin. diametro ; sepala vix carnosa, oblonga vel elliptica, obtusa vel rotundata; petala ovato-lanceolata, carinata, acuta, sepalis duplo longiora; filamenta filiformia; squamulse parvse, lineari-oblongse. Carpella 5, ovata, stylis elongatis subulatis coronata. Mexico, without locality {Gregg, 635), region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 236). Hb. Kew. h" 10. Sedum guatemalense, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 11. Suflruticosum, glabrum, diffusum, procumbens, ramis teretibus lignosis, floriferis erectis, foliis sparsis alternis subcarnosis teretibus vel Uneari-oblongis obtusis, floribus pedicellatis in cymas terminales laxas dispositis, sepalis carnosis linearibus obtusis, petalis ovato-lanceolatis mucro- nulatis, squamulis carnosis clavatis. 3e2 396 CBASSTTLACE^. Svffrutex glaberrimus, difEusus, procumbens, ramis tenuibus, teretibus, lignosis, floriferis erectis 9-12-pollicaribus. Folia sparsa, alterna, subcarnosa, lineari-oblonga, obtusa, 4-5 lin. longa, vix 1 lin. lata. Mares (rubescentes ?) pedicellati, in cymas laxas terminales dispositi, ad 6 lineas diametro, pedicellis ad 3 lin. longis ; sepala carnosa, linearia, obtusa, petalis fere sequalia ; petala ovato-lanceolata, mucronulata ; stamina 10, filamentis filiformibus, brevioribus quam petala ; squamulae carnosae, clavatae, ultra 1 lin. longae. Carpella 5, polysperma ; semina linearia, utrinque appendiculata. Guatemala, summit above Calderas, at 8000 feet, growing on dead stumps (Salvin & Godman, 78). Hb. Kew. 11. Sedum incertnm, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 11. Herbaceum, glabrum, erectum, regulariter ramosum, ramis alternis incrassatis adscendentibus, foliis carnosis sparsis late ovatis vel fere rotundatis obtusis basi latis, floribus sessihbus in cymas breves congestis, calycis lobis ovatis obtusis, squamubs parvis late rotundatis, stylis elongatis gracibbus. Herba glabra, robusta, pedabs (vel ultra ?) regulariter ramosa ; ramis alternis, incrassatis, adscen- dentibus. Folia carnosa, sparsa, late ovata vel fere rotundata, 6—12 lineas longa, sursum gradatim minora obtusa, basi lata: Flores sessiles, in cymas laterales breves congesti ; calycis lobi ovati, obtusi ; petala late lanceolata, lobis duplo longiora, acuta. Carpella polysperma, stybs elongatis subulatis coronata. South Mexico, valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 1181). Hb. Kew. A very distinct species in its regular branching and crowded flowers. The specimens, however, are insufficient for a complete description, and, having apparently been scalded, the flowers were difficult to dissect. 12. Sedum, sp. South Mexico, Cuernavaca (Bourgeau, 1182), Vera Cruz to Orizaba (F. Miiller, 322). Hb. Kew. These specimens are so imperfect that it is impossible to describe them satisfactorily, though they seem to belong to a very distinct species closely allied to the last, but more slender in habit, and having differently shaped leaves. 13. Sedum liebmanilianum, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 12. Herbaceum, annuum (?), nanum, glabrum, parce ramosum, ramis subcarnosis, fobis parvis carnosis approximatis imbricatisve ovato-oblongis vel ellipticis obtusis basi solutis expansis floribus paucis parvis ad apices ramulorum breviter pedicellatis, sepalis brevibus subcarnosis dorso carinatis, petalis lineari-lanceolatis mucronulatis, squamubs minutis. Herba annua (?), glabra, ramosa, 2-3-polbcaris, ramis subcarnosis. Folia carnosa, approximata seu imbricata, ovato-oblonga vel elbptica, obtusa vel rotundata, 1-2 bn. longa, basi soluta expansa. Flores roseo-albi, pauci, breviter pedicellati, bracteati, ad 4 lineas diametro ; sepala brevia, subcarnosa, oblonga, obtusa, dorso carinata; petala lineari-lanceolata, mucronu- lata, dorso carinata, sepalis triplo longiora; filamenta fihformia; squamulae minute- styk' subulati. Noeth Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 237) South Mexico, Yavesia, Oaxaca, 7500 feet (Liebmann), without locality [Gregg, 664). Hb. Kew. CKASSTTLACE^. 397 14. Sedum moranense. Ramosum, repens, parvifolium, glabrum, caulibus apice paucifloris, foliis sparsis basi solutis crasso- carnosis ovato-oblongis obtusis, floribus racemosis secundis subsessilibus, petalis oblongo- liriearibus obtusiusculis. Herba glabra, basi lignosa, ramis repentibus, superne adscendentibus, teretibus, apice paucifloris. Folia sparsa, sessilia, basi soluta, crasso-carnosa, ovato-oblonga, obtusa, 2 lin. longa. Flores racemosi, secundi, brevissime pedicellati, magnitudine floris Sedi albi, bracteis foliis simillimis ; calycis lobi inaequales, oblongi, obtusi, plani, carnosi ; petala oblongo-Hnearia, obtusiuseula, lobis calycinis triplo longiora ; stamina 10, alterna breviora, filamentis Hneari-subulatis, parum brevioribus quam petala ; squamulae parvse, camosae, obovato-truncatse. Carpella 5, stylis subulatis erectis coronata, — H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 44. South Mexico, near Real de Moran at 7800 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland). 15. Sedum miserum. Herbaceum, annuum, carnosum, procumbens, foliis inferioribus sparsis teretibus, superioribus semicylindraceis, floribus solitariis terminalibus. Herba annua (glabra?), carnosa, procumbens, ramis 9-12-pollicaribus. Folia inferiora sparsa, teretia, depressa, superiora ovato-linearia, semicylindracea, aggregata. Flores parvi, virides, sessiles, solitarii, terminales ; sepala carnosa, foliis simillima ; petala ovata, cucullata, apiculata, dorso aspero-carinata, sepalis breviora; stamina 10, alterna petalina breviora; squamulse cuneate, retusse. — Lindley, Bot. Reg. xxiv. Misc. p. 65. Mexico. Formerly cultivated in English gardens from seeds imported by G. F. Dickson, Esq. 16. Sedum napiferum. " Annuum, glaberrimum, radice napif ormi, foliis teretiusculis ovoideis basi solutis rotundatis vel subtruncatis, cymis cincinoideis bi-, tri-, plurifurcatis 3-7-floris, pedicellis patentissimis, petalis roseis, squamulis cuneato-spathulatis ssepe bidentatis.'" "Herba annua, glaberrima, viridis. Radix napiformi-fusiformis, parte incrassata 2-5 lin. longa, medio vel infra medium circiter 2 lin. lata, apice plerumque rotundata et subito in filum tenuissimum attenuata. Caulis 1-3-pollicaris, a basi ramosus, ramis floriferis, subfastigiatis. Folia 1^-1 lin. ab invicem remota, teretiuscula, ovoidea, 2-1 lin. longa, patentia vel adpressa, basi soluta, rotundata vel subtruncata, apice obtusiuscula vel acuta. Cyma cincinoidese, bi-, tri-, plurifurcatse, foliaceo-bracteatse ; pedicellis patentissimis, 1^-2 lin. longis ; calycis lobi fere sequilongi, 1-2 lin. longi (in. sicco -§-1 lin. lati), carnosi, ovoideo-oblongi, basi soluti, sub- truncati, apice obtusi; petala calyce l|-2 longiora, stellatim patentia, rosea, lanceolata, obtusa, argute versus apicem carinata, trinervia ; squamulae minutse, cuneato-spathulatse, apice rotundatae vel truncatse, mtegerrimse vel emarginatse; stamina 10, calyce duplo longiora, filamentis subulatis, purpureis. Carpella 1^ lin. longa, basi vix coalita, acuminata, patentim assurgentia." — Peyritsch in Linncea, xxx. p. 50. South Mexico, near the city of Toluca, at 8000 feet (Seller, 457). Description after Peyritsch, agreeing with no specimens we have seen. 17. Sedum oxypetalum. Fruticosum, glabrum, ramosissimum, foliis alternis obovato-spathulatis basi attenuatis, floribus sessilibus rubescentibus, petalis linearibus angustato-acuminatis. Frutex orgyalis, ramosissimus, compactus, glaberrimus, ramis carnosis brevibus. Folia sparsa, 398 CEASSULACTLS. subcarnosa, plana, obovata vel spathulata, 6-12 lin. longa, apice rotundata interdumqne retusa, basi in petiolum brevem attenuata. Flores rubescentes, sessiles, ad 9 lin. diametro ; calycis lobi carnosi, ovato-lanceolati, acuti, parum inaequales; petala hnearia, plana, angustato- acunin \t? , quintuplo longiora calyce, persistentia ; filamenta filiformia ; squamulse crassiusculae, oblongse, emarginatae, planse, persistentes. Carpella 5, stylis subulatis coronata. — H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 45. South Mexico, Pedregal, valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 516). Hb. Kew. This species was originally described from specimens cultivated in Mexican gardens. Bourgeau subsequently found it in a wild state ; and it is also in some English gardens now. It is easily distinguished among the frutescent species by its purplish-red flowers. 18. Sedum parvum, Hemsley, Diag. PL Nov. pars tertia, p. 50. Herbaceum, perenne, csespitosum, nanum, ramosum, ramis brevibus crassiuscubs, foliis crassis carnosis oblongis patentibus, floribus flavis, sepalis carnosis brevibus obtusis, petalis apice dorso carinatis fere triplo longioribus quam sepala, squamubs minutis, carpellis maximis stylis brevibus rectis vel recurvis coronatis. Herba perennis, glaberrima, csespitosa, ramosa, 1^—2 poll, alta, ramis crassiusculis. Folia sessilia, crassa, carnosa, oblonga, 1^-3 bneas longa, patentia. Flores flavi, subsessiles, ad 5 lineas diametro ; sepala carnosa, oblonga, obtusa, brevia; petala lanceolata, acuta, apice dorso carinata, persistentia, sepalis fere triplo longiora ; filamenta filiformia ; squamulse minutse. Carpella 5, inflata, stylis brevibus rectis vel recurvis coronata. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet {Parry & Palmer, 234). Hb. Kew. A dwarf species, closely resembling S. acre, but having spreading leaves. 19. Sedum praealtlim, DC. (char, emend.). Fruticosum, erectum, ramosum, glaberrimum, ramis cylindricis incrassatis elongatis tortuosis apice tantum fobosis, foliis nitidis carnosis lanceolato-spathulatis obtusis subacutisve, floribus breviter pedicellatis cymoso-paniculatis, panicubS laxis, calycis lobis oblongo-lanceolatis obtusis, petabs anguste lanceolatis acutissimis, squamubs parvis rotundatis. Frutex 5-6-pedalis, erectus, ramosus, glaberrimus, ramis cybndricis, incrassatis, elongatis, tortu- osis, apice tantum fobosis. Folia nitida, carnosa, lanceolato-spathulata, obtusa vel subacuta, 2— 2^-polbcaria, basi soluta, fere teretia, infra canabculata. Flores pentameri, ad 8 lin. diametro, flavi, breviter pedicellati, cymoso-paniculati, paniculis amplis, laxis ; calycis lobi parvi, carnosi, oblongo-lanceolati, obtusi; petala anguste lanceolata, acutissima, calycis lobis quadruplo longiora, persistentia; filamenta fibformia; squamulse minutae, rotundatae. Carpella poly- sperma, stybs subulatis coronata. — DC. PI. Rar. Hort. Bot. Genev. x. p. 21. Mexico, without localities (Jurgensen, 300 ; Gregg, 634). Hb. Kew. Described from fresh garden specimens of uncertain origin ; but an imperfect specimen, collected by Jurgensen, in hb. Kew. appears to be the same thing. 20. Sedum retusum, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars tertia, p. 51. Fruticosum, glabrum, ramis crassis carnosis, foliis parvis carnosis sessilibus oblongo-obovatis saepissime retusis, floribus albis cymosis, cymis paucifloris, sepalis lineari-oblongis basi solutis, petabs fere duplo longioribus quam sepala, squamubs parvis obovatis, stylis elongatis. CEASSTTLACEiE. 399 Frutex glaber, ramis crassis, carnosis, junioribus farinaceis, ad apices tantum Miosis. Folia alterna, sessilia, carnosa, obovato-oblonga vel spatbulata, maxima semipollicaria, basi soluta et deorsum brevissime producta, apice ssepissime retusa, interdum rotundata. Flores albi, 5-6 lineas diametro, dichotomo-cymosi, subsessiles, cymis paucifloris; sepala carnosa, lineari- oblonga, basi soluta, utrinque obtusa; petala lanceolato-oblonga, acuta, dorso supra medium carinata, sepalis fere duplo longiora; stamina petalis sequilonga; squamulse parvae, obovatse. Carpella 6, subinflata, stylis elongatis rectis corouata. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet {Parry & Palmer, 239). Hb. Kew. 21. Sedum tortuOSUm, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 10. Fruticosum, glabrum, ramosum, ramis crasso-carnosis tortuosis, foliis sparsis alternis spathulatis planis, venis (in siccis) conspicuis, floribus (albis?) pedicellatis, sepalis carnosis inaequalibus basi productis, petalis (erectis ?) lanceolatis. Frutex glaberrimus, ramosus, ramis crasso-carnosis, tortuosis. Folia sparsa, alterna, plana, spatbulata, obtusa, ad pollicaria, basi soluta, deorsum producta, venis (in siccis) conspicuis. Flores (albi ?) breviter pedicellati, ad 9 lineas diametro, in cymas parvas terminales dispositi ; sepala fere libera, carnosa, valde inaequalia, basi producta, oblonga, obtusa vel obovata ; petala (erecta?) lanceolata, acuta, sepalis duplo longiora; stamina 10, filamentis basi dilatatis; squamulae carnosse, breves, semiorbiculares. Carpella 5, polysperma, stylis subulatis coronata ; semina linearia, fere sesquilineam longa. Mexico, without locality (Parkinson). A remarkable species in its fleshy, very tortuous branches. 22. Sedum wrightii. Herbaceum, perenne, glabrum, decumbens vel suberectum, foliis sparsis crasso-carnosis obovatis oblongisve, floribus amplis albis roseo tinctis. Herba perennis, glabra, decumbens vel suberecta, 6-9-pollicaris, ramis subcarnosis. Folia sparsa, crasso-carnosa, obovato-oblonga, 3-5 lin. longa. Flores albi, roseo tincti, ampli, numerosi, brevissime pedicellati, in cymas terminales bracteatas plurifurcatas dispositi, bracteis foliis simillimis ; calycis lobi oblongi, obtusi, 2^-3 lin. longi, vix Sarnosi, trinerves ; petala 4-5 lin. longa, oblongo-spatbulata, apiculata ; stamina 10, filamentis dilatatis, petalis sequilongis ; squamulae parva3, apice rotundatae. Carpella 5, stylis subulatis arcuatis coronata — A. Gray, PI. Wright, i. p. 76. New Mexico. — North Mexico, Mount Caruel, Chihuahua, and Puerto de Paysano, Sonora (Bigelow) ; Santa Cruz, Sonora ( Wright). Hb. Kew. [Droserace^e. — Of this order we have seen no specimen or record of any species having been found in our territory ; but it is likely to occur, as there are several species in North America (two of them reaching California) and also several in South America.] 400 EAMAMELWEM. — HALOBAGB&. Order L. HAMAMELIDE^E. Hamamelidea, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 664. About thirty-six arboreous and shrubby species, belonging to sixteen or eighteen genera. They are natives of the temperate and subtropical regions of Asia, South Africa, North America, and Europe. 1. LIQUIDAMBAE. Liquidambar, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 1076 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 669. Besides the American species, one or two are found in China, one in Japan, and one in Asia Minor. 1. Liquidambar macrophylla, (Erst. L'Amer. Centr. 1. 10, 11. Centeal Ameeica ((Ersted). 2. Liquidambar Styraciflua, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1418; (Erst. L'Amer. Centr. 1. 11. Connecticut and Illinois southward to — South Mexico, Vera Cruz to Orizaba (Mutter, 1432), region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 2412). Hb. Kew. v3. Liquidambar, sp. Guatemala1? (Warszewicz). Hb. Kew. Order LI. HALORAGE^. Halorageee, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 673. About eighty species of herbs and dwarf shrubs, belonging to nine or ten genera. Many of them are aquatic plants having a wide range of distribution. 1. PKOSERPINACA. Proserpinaca, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 102 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 675. Two species of aquatic herbs, restricted to North America and the West Indies. 1. Proserpinaca palustris, Linn, in Act. Ups. 1741, p. 81 ; DC. Prodr. ii. p. 67. Eastern side of Noeth Ameeica from Canada to — South Mexico, marshes near Jalapa (Linden, 642), in sluggish streams near Jalapa (Schiede). — Also in some of the West-Indian Islands. Hb. Kew. [Mppuris vulgaris, Linn., a widely dispersed aquatic, may be looked for in Mexico.] HAL0KAGE2E. 401 2. GUNNEKA. Gunnera, Linn. Mant. 16 ; Benth. et Hook, Gen. Plant, i. p. 676. About twelve herbaceous species, dispersed in South Africa, Abyssinia, Java, Tas- mania, New Zealand, Sandwich Islands, and America, from Mexico to Patagonia and Juan Fernandez. 1. Gunnera (Pankea) insignis, (Erst, in Vidensk. Meddel. 1857, p. 189; L'Amer. Centr. t. 18. Costa Bica, Volcan Irazu (CErsted). 2. Gunnera, sp. South Mexico, Tortula, Vera Cruz, on the margin of the water (Linden, 82). Hb. Kew. 3. MYRIOPHYLLUM. Myriophyllum, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 1066 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 676. Aquatic herbs. About fifteen species, generally dispersed, both in hot and cold regions. Most likely other species will be found in Mexico and Central America. 1. Myriophyllum heterophyllum, Michx. Fl. Am,-Bor. ii, p. 191. Canada southward to — North Mexico, Ojo Caliente, Chihuahua (Thurber). 4. CALLITRICHE. Callitriche, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 13 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 676. Aquatic or amphibious herbs. About a dozen species, some of them having a very wide range. 1. Callitriche asa-graei, Hegelm. Monogr. p. 54, t. 3. f. 9, t. 4. f. 1. Widely dispersed in North America. — South Mexico (Schaffner). 2. Callitriche deflexa, A. Br. ex Hegelm. Monogr. p. 58, t. 3. fig. 2, t. 4. fig. 4. Southern States of North America. — South Mexico, Orizaba (Botteri, 834). — Cuba ; Brazil. Hb. Kew. The Mexican specimen is doubtful. 3. CalHtriche verna, Linn, pro parte, ex Hegelm. Monogr. p. 55, t. 3. fig. 10. Widely dispersed in North America southward to— Mexico, San Luis Potosi (Schaff- ner).— Chili ; also in Europe and Asia. Hb. Kew. Order LII. RHIZOPHORACE^. Rhizophorece, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 677. Trees and shrubs. About fifty species, in seventeen genera; natives of tropical countries, chiefly on the muddy shores. biol. cent.-amer., Bot. Vol. 1, June 1880. 3/ 402 EBIZOPHOEACILE. Tribe RHIZOPHORE^E. 1. EHIZOPHOEA. Rhizqphora, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 592 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 678. About six species, generally dispersed on tropical shores. "" 1. EJuzophora mangle, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 634; Jacq. Amer. t. 89. Mexico (Schiede) ; Panama, very common on the sea-shore from Panama to North- west Mexico (Seemann). — Coast of Tropical America and the West-Indian Islands. The same species is said to be found in West Tropical Africa. Hb. Kew. Tribe LEGNOTIDE^. 2. CASSIPOUEEA. Cassipourea, Anbl. PI. Guian. i. p. 529 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 682. Three species, restricted to Tropical America. ^l. Cassipourea elliptica, Poir. Suppl. ii. p. 34. Legnotis elliptica, Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. t. 17. Panama, Aspinwall, in swamps (S. Hayes, 160), Chagres (Fendler, 191), island of Coiba (Seemann, 633). — West Indies and Colombia. Hb. Kew. Order LIII. COMBRETACEtE. Combretacea, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 683. About 250 species of trees and shrubs, belonging to fifteen genera. Generally dispersed in tropical regions ; rarer in subtropical. Suborder COMBBETEM. 1. TEEMINALIA. Terminalia, Linn. Mant. n. 1283 ; Benth. et Gen. Plant, i. p. 685. About eighty or ninety species, more numerous in the Old World than in America. u 1. Terminalia buceras, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 686. Bucida buceras, Linn. Sp. PL p. 556 ; Bet. Reg. t. 907. Panama, Aspinwall (3. Hayes).— West Indies and northern parts of South America. Hb. Kew. 2. Terminalia excelsa, Liebm. (MSS. 1). South Mexico, Mirador (Liebmann). Hb. Kew. This name does not appear to have been published ; and the material in Kew her- barium is insufficient for description. COMBEETACILE. 403 3. Terminalia Oblonga, Steud. Nomencl. Bot. ii. p. 668. Chuncoa oblonga, Poir. Suppl. ii. p. 258. Guatemala, in woods about Mazatenango (Bernoulli, 524).— Southward to Pbeu. ^Hb. Kew. 4. Terminalia Obovata, Steud. Nomencl. Bot. ii. p. 668. Chuncoa obovata, Poir. Suppl. ii. p. 258. Panama, in woods near Paraiso railway-station (S. Hayes, 718), around the town of Cruces (Seemann, 595). — Peru, Guiana, and Trinidad. Hb. Kew. 2. CONOCAEPUS. Conocarpm, Gaertn. Fruct. ii. p. 470, t. 177, et iii. t. 216; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 686. The only species. 1. ConocarpilS erecta, Linn. Hort. Cliff, p. 485 ; Jacq. Amer. p. 78, t. 52. fig. 1. Florida. — South Mexico, Acapulco (Thiebaut), Vera Cruz (Linden, 12), without locality (Harris ; Jurgensen, 117). — Widely dispersed on the coast of Tropical America and the West Indies, and in the Galapagos Islands ; also in West Tropical Africa. 3. LAGUNCULAEIA. Laguncularia, Gsertn. Fruct. iii. p. 209 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 688. The only species. 1. Laguncularia raceniOSa, Gsertn. Fruct. iii. p. 209, t. 217. fig. 2. Panama, coast near the city of Panama (Seemann, 308). — Widely dispersed on the sea-shores of the West Indies and Tropical America ; also in West Tropical Africa. 4. COMBEETUM. Combretum, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 475; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 688. About 120 species in Tropical and Subtropical America, Asia, and Africa; most numerous in the last-named country. Absent from Australia and the islands. *~ 1. Combretum adenophyllum, Mart, in Linneea, xxiv. Beibl. 2, p. 1. Panama, Paredez Islands, on the coast of Veraguas (Seemann). — Brazil. *""* 2. Combretum alternifolium, Pers. Ench. ii. p. 42. Poivrea aUemifolia, DC. Prodr. iii. p. 17. Panama, island of Iguana (Seemann). — Tropical South America. *■" 3. Combretum argenteum, Bert. Fl. Guat. p. 12. Guatemala, Volcan de Agua (Velasquez). ^ 4. Combretum benthamianum, Van Heurck et Mull. Arg. Desc. Plant. Nov. fasc. ii. p. 220. Honduras, Tigre Island, Gulf of Fonseca (Sinclair). Hb. Kew. 3/2 404 COMBBETACILE. "5. Combretum erianthum, Benth. PL Hartw. p. 73. Combretum argenteum, Bert. ? Guatemala (Hartweg, 526). Hb. Kew. 6. Combretum farinosum, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 110. South Mexico, Acapulco (Barclay), Tepic and Acapulco (Lay & Collie), near Actopan (Schiede), between Acapulco and Venta del Exido, 1300 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland), Mexico (Hahn ; Jurgensen, 174), common on the sea-shore of the Pacific Ocean (Seemann); Guatemala (Skinner); Honduras, Gulf of Fonseca, Tigre Island (Sinclair). Hb. Kew. * 7. Combretum jacquini, Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 275. Combretum laxum, Jacq. Amer. p. 104. Combretum secundum, Jacq. Honduras (Grisebach) ; Central America (Barclay); Panama, southern part of Veraguas (Seemann, 1209), Eio Grande railway-station (S. Hayes, 446). — West Indies and Tropical America. Hb. Kew. u 8. Combretum micropetalum, DC. Prodr. iii. p. 19 % Nicaragua, Chontales (Tate, 250). Hb. Kew. The type is a Brazilian plant. 9. Combretum mexicanum, Humb. et Bonpl. PI. TEquin. ii. p. 159, t. 132. South Mexico, near Acapulco (Humboldt & Bonpland, Hcenke, Lay & Collie). Hb. Kew. 10. Combretum reticulatum, Presl, Reliq. Haenk. ii. p. 25. Mexico. ^ 11. Combretum, sp. Panama, Frijoli railway-station (S. Hayes). Hb. Kew. ul2. Combretum, sp. Panama, Empire railway-station (S. Hayes). Hb. Kew. 5. CACOUCIA. Cacoucia, Aubl. PI. Guian. i. p. 450 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 688. Four species are described ; all of them inhabit West Tropical Africa ; and the following one is common to both continents : — Ul. CacOUCia COCCinea, Aubl. Guian. i. p. 450, t. 179. Panama, in swamps, Lion-Hill railway-station (S. Hayes, 541). — Trinidad, Brazil, and Guiana ; also in West Tropical Africa. Hb. Kew. COMBRETACE,E. 405 Suborder GTBOCABPJEJE. 6. GYROCARPUS. Gyrocarpus, Jacq. Stirp. Amer. p. 282 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 689. The only species. 1. Gyrocarpus jacquini, Roxb. Pi. Corom. i. p. 2, 1. 1. Gyrocarpus americanus, Jacq. Amer. p. 282, t. 178. fig. 80. South Mexico, Bafio de Mariara and near Zumpango (Humboldt & Bonpland) ; San Salvadoe, Acajutla (S. Hayes). — Venezuela and Colombia; also in West Tropical Afeica, Tropical Asia, and Australia. Hb. Kew. Schlechtendal, in Linnsea, xvi. pp. 397-400, distinguishes the following varieties : — a. jacquillii, Jacq. Amer. t. 178. fig. 80. /3. gsertneri, Gaertn. Sem. ii. p. 92, t. 97. y. humboldtii, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vii. p. 193. 3. SChiedei, Schl. in Linnsea, xvi. p. 399. South Mexico, Hacienda de Atlacomulco, near Cuernavaca (Schiede). 7. SPARATTANTHELIUM. Sparattanthelium, Mart, in Flora, 1841, ii. Beibl. p. 40 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 690. Three or four species, restricted to Eastern Tropical America, from Mexico to Brazil. 1. SparattantheHmn, sp. South Mexico, without locality (Jurgensen). Hb. Kew. Order LIV. MYRTACEiE. Myrtacea, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 690. A large order of trees and shrubs, comprising about eighty genera and nearly 2000 species. Two tribes are almost exclusively restricted to Australia and neighbouring islands, and include upwards of forty genera and 650 species. The Myrteae and Lecythideae combined are even more numerous in South America as to species ; and there is also a considerable number in Tropical and Subtropical Asia. About a dozen species are found in the whole of Africa ; and one is a native of the south of Europe. In America none is found north of Mexico and South Florida. Tribe MYRTE^. This tribe is generally diffused, but by far most numerous in South America. Berg (Flora Brasiliensis, xiv. pars 1) estimates the number of American species of this tribe at 1630 ; but he appears to have unduly multiplied them, and many of the following can only be considered slight varieties. 406 MYRTAO&E. 1. PSIDIUM. Psidium, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 615 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 713. The genus is restricted to America ; and Berg enumerates about 100 species. Ul. Psidium araca, Eaddi, Opusc. Sc. iv. p. 854. Guatemala (Friedrichsthal). Grows wild and cultivated in Tkopical America and the West Indies. Hb. Kew. ^2. Psidium COStaricensis, Berg in Linnaea, xxvii. p. 368. Costa Eica, Volcan de Irazu ((Ersted). 1/ 3. Psidium laurifolium, Berg in Linnaea, xxvii. p. 364. Nicaragua, Masaya ((Ersted). A 4. Psidium molle, Bertol. Fl. Guat. p. 22, t. 9 ; Berg in Linnaea, xxvii. p. 368. a. robustum, Berg, loc. cit. Guatemala ( Velasquez) ; Costa Eica, Candelaria Mts. ((Ersted). (3. gracile, Berg, loc. cit. Costa Eica, Volcan de Irazu ((Ersted). * 5. Psidium oerstedianum, Berg in Linnaea, xxvii. p. 360. Guatemala, Monte Eincon (Friedrichsthal) ; Costa Eica, Guanacaste ((Ersted). 6. Psidium pomiferum, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 672. Psidium pyriferum, Linn. Sp. PL p. 672. Psidium guava, Radd. South Mexico, Orizaba (Botteri, 830), Zimapan (Coulter, 138), valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1886) ; Guatemala (Friedrichsthal) ; Nicaragua, Cbontales (Tate) ; Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 306). — A native of Tropical America, where it is also widely culti- vated, as well as in other countries. Hb. Kew. 7. Psidium polycarpon, Lamb, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. p. 231, t. 17. South Mexico, Jalapa (Linden, 587); Panama (Seemann). — North part of South America. Hb. Kew. 8. Psidium SChiedeanum, Berg in Linnaea, xxvii. p. 368. Mexico (Schiede, 541). Bentham and Hooker (Gen. Plant, i. p. 713) mention Calyptropsidium fried- richsthalianum as closely allied to this genus. 2. CALYCOLPUS. Calycolpus, Berg in Linnsea, xxvii. p. 378 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 713. Eight species are enumerated, all restricted to Tropical America. MYRTACEA 407 1. CalyCOlpus glaber, Berg in Mart. Fl. Bras. xvii. Campomanesia glabra, Benth. Campomanesia gmtheana, Berg ? Panama, in meadows near the city of Panama (Seemann, 282), Chagres (Fendler, 105), Eio Grande railway-station and elsewhere (S. Hayes, 404, 472).— Colombia, Guiana, and Brazil. Hb. Kew. 3. MYETUS. Myrtus, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 617 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 714. Upwards of 100 species have been enumerated; but they should probably be reduced to nearly half that number. The greater part are South-American, many of them extratropical, though the genus is generally dispersed in the Old World, and the only species of the family indigenous in the Mediterranean region belongs to this genus. 1. Myrtus arayan, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 133. Pseudocaryophyllus seemanni, Triana. Eugenia arayan, Seem. Panama, Boquete Veraguas (Seemann, 1150). — Southward to Peru. Hb. Kew. 2. Myrtus berlandieriana, Berg in Linnaja, xxvii. p. 403. Mexico (Berlandier). 3. Myrtus ehrenbergii, Berg in Linneea, xxvii. p. 404. 1 North Mexico, San Luis Potosi to Tampico (Palmer, 1124); South Mexico (Ehrenberg, 1039). Hb. Kew. 4. Myrtus maritima, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 146. South Mexico, Acapulco (Humboldt & Bonpland). 5. Myrtus montana, Benth. PI. Hartw. p. 61. Ugni montana, Berg. South Mexico, Mount Pelado, 7000 feet (Hartweg, 459). Hb. Kew. ^ 6. Myrtus cerstedii, Hemsl. Ugni oerstedii, Berg in Linnrea, xxvii. p. 389. Costa Rica, without locality (Hoffinann),Yolca.n.de Irazu,9000 ieet((Ersted). Hb.Kew. 7. Myrtus, sp. South Mexico, Orizaba (JBotteri, 1036). Hb. Kew. 8. Myrtus, sp. South Mexico, Orizaba (Botteri, 1009). Hb. Kew. 4. MYECIA. Myrcia, DC. Prodr. iii. p. 242; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 716. This genus is peculiar to America ; and Berg describes upwards of 500 species, which Bentham and Hooker think may be reduced to 300. 408 MYRTACE.&. H.. Myrcia acuminata, DC. Prodr. iii. p. 256. Panama, Veraguas (Hinds). — Colombia. Hb. Kew. ^2. Myrcia COStaricensis, Berg in Linnsea, xxvii, p. 104. Costa Pica ((Ersted). ^3. Myrcia ?CUCullata, Berg in Linnsea, xxvii. p. 97. Panama, Santiago de Veraguas (Seemann, 1148), Boquete (Seemann, 1669).- Venezuela. Hb. Kew. ^4. Myrcia discolor, Berg in Linnsea, xxvii. p. 111. Costa Pica ((Ersted). 5. Myrcia melanoclada, Berg in Linnsea, xxvii. p. 113. Costa Rica, near Cartago ((Ersted). ^6. Myrcia Gerstediana, Berg in Linnsea, xxvii. p. 112. Costa Pica, Cartago and Turrialba ((Ersted). ^7. Myrcia plicato-COStata, Berg in Linnsea, xxvii. p. 114. Costa Pica, Turrialba ((Ersted). 8. Myrcia sartoriana, Berg in Linnsea, xxix. p. 220. South Mexico, Mirador, Vera Cruz (Sartorius). 9. Myrcia, sp. South Mexico, Jocotepec, Oaxaca (IAebmann). Hb. Kew. 5. CALYPTPANTHES. Calyptranthes, Swartz, M. Ind. Occ. p. 917; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 717. An exclusively American genus, of which seventy-three species are enumerated. \y 1. Calyptranthes ? bullata, DC. Prodr. iii. p. 258. Myrtus bullata, Salisb. Prodr. p. 354. Honduras. 2. Calyptranthes Chytraculia, Sw. Prodr. p. 79 ; EL Ind. Occ. p. 921. Calyptranthes pendula, Berg. South Mexico, rivers at 3000 feet, Cordillera of Vera Cruz (Galeotti, 2870).- Jamaica, Cuba. Hb. Kew. ^3. Calyptranthes COStaricensis, Berg in Linnsea, xxvii. p. 20. Costa Pica and Veraguas (Warszewicz). 4. Calyptranthes karwinskiana, Berg in Linnsea, xxix. p. 214. South Mexico, Mesa Chica (KarwinsM). 5. Calyptranthes lindeniana, Berg in Linnsea, xxix. p. 213. South Mexico, banks of the river Teapa (Linden, 620). Hb. Kew. MYETACILffi. 409 ^ 6. Calyptranthes SChiedeana, Berg in Linnaea, xxvii. p. 28. Myrcia aromatica, Schl. in Linnaea, xiii. p. 415, pro parte. South Mexico, Hacienda de la Laguna (Schiede) ; Panama, Isle of Taboga (Barclay). Hb. Kew. 7. Calyptranthes schlechtendaliana, Berg in Linnsea, xxvii. p. 29. Myrcia aromatica, Schl. in Linnsea, xiii. p. 415, pro parte. South Mexico, Zacuapan, Vera Cruz (Linden, 594); Panama, island of Coiba (Seemann, 634). Hb. Kew. 6. CALYCOEECTES. Calycorectes, Berg in Linnsea, xxvii. p. 317 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 720. An American genus of about eight species. 1. Calycorectes mexicana, Berg in Linnsea, xxvii. p. 318. South Mexico, Cordillera of Oaxaca ( Galeotti, 2867). *" 7. CALYPTBOPSIDIUM. Calyptropsidium, Berg in Linnaea, xxvii. p. 349 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 713, sub Psidio. 1. Calyptropsidium friedrichsthalianum, Berg in Linnsea, xxvii. p. 350. Guatemala (Friedrichsthal). 8. PIMENTA. Pimenta, Lindl. Collect. Bot. sub n. 19 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 717. This genus is restricted to America, and, including Berg's genus Amomis, numbers five species. 1. Pimenta officinalis, Berg in Linnsea, xxvii. p. 422. Eugenia pimenta, DC. Berg distinguishes the following varieties : — a. longifolia, Bot. Mag. t. 1236. j3. cumanensis, Berg, loc. tit. Myrtus tabasco, WiM. •y. ovalifolia, Berg, loc. cit. g. tenuifolia, Berg, loc. tit. e. tabasco, Schl. in Linnsea, v. p. 542. South Mexico (Schiede & Degpe) ; Costa Eica (GErsted). — A native of Tropical America, where it is also cultivated, as well as in India &c. Hb. Kew. 9. EUGENIA. Eugenia, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 616; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 718. This genus has nearly the same range as the family ; but it is most numerous in biol. cent.-amer., Bot. Vol. 1, June 1880. Zg 410 MYETACELE. species in South America and Tropical and Subtropical Asia. Upwards of 700 species have been described ; and there may be as many as 500 distinct ones. 1. Eugenia calycorectoides, Berg in Linnaea, xxix. p. 236. South Mexico (Linden, 593). 2. Eugenia capuli, Ch. et Schl. in Linnaea, v. p. 560. Var. a. micrantha, Berg in Linnsea, xxvii. p. 239. South Mexico, near Papantla (Schiede, 546), Tlacotalpa (Ehrenberg, 1187). Var. j8. macroterantha, Berg, loc. tit. South Mexico, in woods near Jalapa and between Vera Cruz and Santa Fe (Schiede, 546). ^3. Eugenia cartagensis, Berg in Linnaea, xxvii. p. 240. Costa Rica, near Cartago ((Ersted). [4. Eugenia caryophyllata, Thunb. Diss. p. 1. Caryophyllus aromaticus, Linn. Bot. Mag. t. 2749 and 2750. A native of the Moluccas ; cultivated in Mexico, Sierra Madre (Seemann).'] 5. Eugenia Colipensis, Berg in Linnaea, xxix. p. 243. South Mexico, Colipa (EarwinsJci, 241). 6. Eugenia COStaricensis, Berg in Linnaea, xxvii. p. 213. Costa Rica and Panama (Warszewicz). h. Eugenia irazuensis, Hemsl. Ugni cerstedii, Berg in Linnaea, xxvii. p. 389. Costa Rica, Volcan de Irazu, at 9000 feet ((Ersted). 8. Eugenia karswinskyana, Berg in Linna>a, xxix. p. 244. South Mexico, Huejotla (Karwinski, 242). 9. Eugenia fieldingii, Berg in Linnaea, xxix. p. 242. Mexico (Fielding), ex Berg, loc. cit. Probably some Brazilian plant given to Berg by Fielding. ^10. Eugenia friedrichsthalii, Hemsl. Ugni friedrichsthalii, Berg in Linnsea, xxvii. p. 388. Var. a. longipes, Berg, loc. cit. Var. 0. brevipes, Berg, loc. cit. Guatemala (Friedrichsthal). 11. Eugenia lepidota, Berg in LinnEea, xxvii. p. 226. Var. a. COrymbosa, Berg, loc. cit. MYETACE.E. 411 Var. /3. pauciflora, Berg, loc. cit. Costa Kica, Volcan de Barba ((Ersted). 12. Eugenia leucadendron, Berg in Linnaja, xxvii. p. 202. Costa Kica, near Cartago ((Ersted). 13. Eugenia lindeniana, Berg in Linna;a, xxix. p. 240. South Mexico, banks of streams, Teapa (Linden, 619). Hb. Kew. 14. Eugenia macrocarpa, Schl. in Linnsa, v. p. 560. South Mexico, in woods, Jalapa (Galeotti, Schiede, 544). Hb. Kew. 15. Eugenia fflrstediana, Berg in Linna;a, xxvii. p. 285. Costa Kica, between Sapoa and Tortuga ((Ersted). 16. Eugenia Oreinoma, Berg in Linna;a, xxvii. p. 157. Costa Eica, Candelaria and Ujaras ((Ersted). 17. Eugenia origanoides, Berg in Linnsea, xxix. p. 229. South Mexico, in shady woods near Papantla (Karwinski, 238). 18. Eugenia SChiedeana, Schl. in Linnsea, xiii. p. 418. South Mexico, Jalapa (Coulter, 133), Cordillera of Vera Cruz, in woods at 3000 feet (Qaleotti, 2872), Zacuapan (Linden, 591), Orizaba (Bourgeau, 303; Botteri, 1034), valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1509). Hb. Kew. 19. Eugenia sericiflora, Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. p. 89. Panama, island of Taboga (Sinclair, Lobb). Var. foliis angustioribus. Panama, Santiago de Veraguas (Seemann, 1149). Hb. Kew. 20. Eugenia truncata, Berg in Linnaea, xxvii. p. 157. Costa Eica, Candelaria Mt. ((Ersted). 21. Eugenia trunciflora, Berg in Linnsea, xxvii. p. 223. Myrtus trunciflora, Schl. South Mexico, Mirador (Linden, 593), near Jalapa, at 3000 feet (Galeotti, 2867). Hb. Kew. 22. Eugenia warszewiczii, Hemsl. Ugni warscewiczii, Berg in Linnsea, xxvii. p. 390. Panama, Veraguas ( Warszewicz). 23. Eugenia xalapensis, DC. Prodr. iii. p. 276. Myrtus xalapensis, H. B. K. North Mexico, San Luis Potosi to Tampico (Palmer, 1045) ; South Mexico, near 3^2 412 MYBTACILE. Jalapa, at 4200 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland, Coulter, Linden, 584), below Cuesta Grande de Chiconquiaco (Galeotti), woods at 4000 feet, Cordillera of Vera Cruz {Galeotti, 2874), valley of Cordova. Hb. Kew. 24. Eugenia, sp. South Mexico, near Tantoyuca Huasteca (Ervendberg, 312), Orizaba (Botteri, 1028). Hb. Kew. 25. Eugenia, sp. South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 2169). Hb. Kew. i- 26. Eugenia, sp. (E. xalapensi aff.). Guatemala, in thickets between Esquipulas and Jupilingo (Bernoulli, 741). Hb. Kew. 27. Eugenia, sp. (*spec. fruct. E trunciflorce). Mexico (Hahn). Hb. Kew. 28. Eugenia, sp. South Mexico (Sumichrast, 1955). Hb. Kew. 29. Eugenia, sp. South Mexico, region of Orizaba, Escamella (Bourgeau, 3253). Hb. Kew. 30. Eugenia, sp. Mexico (Hahn, 1). Hb. Kew. 31. Eugenia, sp. South Mexico, Chuapan, Oaxaca (Liebmann). Hb. Kew. 32. Eugenia, sp. South Mexico, woods at 5000 feet, Cordillera of Vera Cruz (Galeotti, 2864). Hb. Kew. ^ 33. Eugenia, sp. Panama, common in woods about the city of Panama (S. Hayes, 679). Hb. Kew ^ 34. Eugenia, sp. (aff. E. sericiflorce, Benth.). Panama, in woods near the city (S. Hayes, 644). Hb. Kew. ^35. Eugenia, sp. Panama, Eio Grande railway-station (S. Hayes, 344). Hb. Kew. 36. Eugenia, sp. South Mexico, shady forests of Teapa (Linden, 623). Hb. Kew. ^37. Eugenia, sp. Guatemala (Skinner, 3). Hb. Kew. MYETACEJE. 413 38. Eugenia, sp. Panama, Bujio railway-station (S. Hayes, 400), in shady woods around the town of San Juan (Seemann, 476). Hb. Kew. Most likely a considerable proportion of these unnamed specimens belong to described species. 10. MITRANTHES. Mitranthes, Berg, Linnsea, xxvii. p. 316; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 717, where it is united with Calyptranthes. Eight American species are described. 1. Mitranthes sartoriana, Berg in Linnsea, xxix. p. 248. South Mexico, Mirador (Sartorius). Tribe LECYTHIDE^!. This tribe is principally Tropical American, and the true Lecythidaceae (considered by some botanists a distinct natural order) exclusively so. Miers has recently monographed them (Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xxx.), dividing them into twelve genera and 183 species. 11. GUSTAVIA. Gustavia, Linn. Amcen. Acad. viii. p. 266 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 721 ; Miers in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 175. Bentham and Hooker estimate the number of species at eleven; Miers describes twenty-one. *~ 1. Gustavia angUStifolia, Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. p. 99. Panama, forming entire woods in the central districts (Seemann). Hb. Kew. 2. Gustavia latifolia, Miers in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 182. Gustavia speciosa, Benth. nee DC. Pirigara speciosa, Kth. Panama, near the city of Panama (Seemann). — Guiana and N. Brazil. Hb. Kew. 3. Gustavia SUperba, Berg in Linnsea, xxvii. p. 444. Gustavia insignis, Bot. Mag. t. 5069. Pirigara insignis, Kth. Panama (Seemann, 579).— Colombia, Ecuador. Hb. Kew. *~ Var. salviniae, Hemsley. (Tab. XXII.) Foliis petiolatis vix membranaceis usque ad 4-6 ped. longis et 1 latis, petalis angustioribus. Panama, Obispo station (Salvin). Hb. Kew. This may prove to be a distinct species ; but the material in herbaria is insufficient to determine this point. 414 MYBTACELE. 12. GKIAS. Grias, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 659 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 722 ; Miers in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 298. Four species. ^1. Grias fendleri, Seem. Bot. Voy. 'Herald,' p. 126. Panama, Chagres (Fendler). Hb. Kew. 13. COUEOUPITA. Couroupita, Aubl. PI. Guian. p. 708; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 722; Miers in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 188. Miers describes nine species, Berg only four. ^l. Couroupita nicaraguensis, DC. Prodr. iii. p. 294. Nicaragua. \ 2. Couroupita Odoratissima, Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald,' p. 126. Panama, Bio Jesus, Veraguas (Seemann). " This is the celebrated Palo Paraiso of Veraguas " {Seemann). Hb. Kew. 14. LECYTHIS. Lecythis, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 664 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 723 ; Miers in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 200. Miers enumerates upwards of forty species under this genus, and refers about fifty to other genera. ^1. Lecythis COriacea?, DC. Prodr. iii. p. 291. Panama, dark forests near Bemedios (Seemann). Hb. Kew. Order LV. MELASTOMACE^E. Melastomacece, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 725 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. Bentham and Hooker describe 134 genera, and estimate the number of species at 1800. Triana enumerates 1763 species, and retains the same number of genera. The family is generally dispersed in tropical and subtropical regions, but much more numerous in America than in the Old World, and very rare in Australia, the Pacific islands, and South Africa. A few species are found in Eastern Temperate North America. Where not otherwise stated, the genera consist entirely of woody plants, either shrubby or arboreous. MELASTOMACRffi. 415 Suborder MELASTOMRM. Tribe MICROLICIEiE. This tribe comprises seventeen genera and about seventy-five species, all endemic in America. 1. RHYNCHANTHERA. Rhynchanthera, DC. Prodr. iii. p. 106 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 738 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 31. There are twenty-four herbaceous and shrubby species dispersed from Mexico to Paraguay, South Brazil, and Peru, but these are most numerous on the eastern side of the continent. None have been collected in the West Indies. 1. Rhynchanthera insignis, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, xii. p. 210. South Mexico, without localities (SallS; Jurgensen, 607); Panama, in somewhat shady places near the town of Agua Dulce (Seemann, 74). Hb. Kew. 2. Ehynchanthera mexicana, DC. Prodr. iii. p. 188 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 342. Mexico (Mogino & SessS). 2. CENTEADENIA. Centradenia, G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. p. 765 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 739; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 32. The genus is restricted to Mexico and Central America, and consists of herbaceous or half-shrubby plants. 1. Centradenia floribunda, Planch, in Flore des Serres, v. t. 453. Mexico. 2. Centradenia grandifolia, Endl. Gen. PL p. 1207 ; Bot. Mag. t. 5228. Plagiophyllum grandifolium, Schl. South Mexico, near Chiconquiaco and Cuesta Grande de Chiconquiaco (Schiede). Hb. Kew. 3. Centradenia inaequilateralis, G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. p. 765. Centradenia rosea, Lindl. Bot. Reg. xxix. t. 20. Plagiophyllum parvifolium, Schl. South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1964), Jalapa (Galeotti, 2925), Mirador (Liebmann ; Linden, 613), Orizaba (BilimeJc, 211) ; Nicaragua, Chontales (Seemann, 29) ; Costa Kica, without locality (Endres), primeval woods, Angostura (Polakowslcy) ; Panama, Boquete, Veraguas (Seemann, 1141). Hb. Kew. 4. Centradenia, sp. Guatemala (Salmn & Godman). Hb. Kew. 416 BCELAST0MACEJ2. ^ 5. Centradenia, 1 sp. San Salvadok, in shady humid places (Bernoulli, 2). Hb. Kew. Tribe OSBECKIE^l. There are thirty genera in this tribe, eleven of which are peculiar to the Old World, and nineteen to America. 3. ACISANTHERA. Acisanthera, P. Browne, Hist. Jam. p. 217; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 739 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 33. Eleven species dispersed on the eastern side of South America, from South Brazil to Central America and the West Indies. Herbaceous, and mostly annual. 1. Acisanthera quadrata, Juss. in Poir. Diet. Suppl. i. p. Ill ; Browne, Hist. Jam. t. 22. fig. 1. Nicaragua, Chontales (Tate, 443); Panama (Duchassaing). — Cuba, Jamaica, Poeto Eico. Hb. Kew. 2. Acisanthera recurva, Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 269. Uranthera recurva, Naud. Panama, in ditches near the city of Panama (Seemann). — Jamaica, Trinidad, Guiana, and Beazil. Hb. Kew. 4. HEERIA. Heeria, Schl. in Linnaea, xiii. p. 432 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 740 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 34. Herbs or dwarf shrubs. About six species, restricted to Mexico and Guatemala. 1. Heeria elegans, Schl. in Linnsea, xiii. p. 432. South Mexico, Chinantla (IAebmann), Jalapa (Linden, 606), rocks at 4000 feet, Cor- dillera of Vera Cruz (Galeotti, 2914), Chiconquiaca (Schiede). Hb. Kew. 2. Heeria macrostachya, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 34. Heeria axillare, Naud. Heterocentrum glandulosum, Schenk in Kegel's Garteniiora, 1856, 1. 169. South Mexico, without locality (Jurgensen, 756), Oaxaca (IAebmann), Orizaba (Bour- geon, 1868), valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1470) ; Guatemala, without locality (Savage) ; Costa Eica, by ditches near San Jose (PolahowsJcy). Hb. Kew. 3. Heeria rosea, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 34. Heterocentrum roseum, 111. Hort. iv. t. 97. Heterocentrum mexicanum, Naud. Bot. Mag. t. 5166. South Mexico, Jalapa (Linden, 605 ; Galeotti, 2912), region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 2506 ; Jurgensen, 558). Hb. Kew. MELASTOMACE^l. 417 4. Heeria SUbtripliliervis, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 34. Heterocentron mexicanum, Hook, et Arn. Bot. Beech. 290, non Bot. Mag. t. 5166, nee Naud. North Mexico, Sierra Madre (Seemann, 2176) ; South Mexico, San Bias to Tepic (Sinclair), Tepic (Barclay), Jalapa (Coulter). Hb. Kew. 5. Heeria, sp. % Guatemala, Volcan de Fuego, 6000 feet (Salvin & Godman). Hb. Kew. 6. Heeria, sp. Guatemala (Skinner). Hb. Kew. 7. Heeria, sp. % South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1469). Hb. Kew. 5. AETHEOSTEMMA. Arthrostemma, Ruiz et Pav. Fl. Peruv. iv. t. 326 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 740 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 35. Five species, distributed from Mexico to Peru. Herbs or dwarf shrubs. .&— 1. Arthrostemma Campanulas, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 35. Heteronoma diversifolium, Naud. Guatemala, in humid thickets, Chojoja, near Mazatenango (Bernoulli) ; Nicaragua (Tate, 23) ; Costa Eica, a weed in gardens (PolaJcowskg) ; Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 112). — Colombia; Venezuela; Ecuador. Hb. Kew. 2. Arthrostemma fragile, Lindl. in Journ. Hort. Soc. iii. p. 74, with a figure, p.75. Heteronoma galeottianum, Naud. South Mexico, Orizaba (Botteri, 746, 958), valleyof Cordo\&(Bourgeau,1508). Hb.Kew. 3. Arthrostemma, sp. Guatemala (Friedrichstal). Hb. Kew. [Nepsera aguatica, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, xii. t. 14. fig. 1, et xiii. p. 28, is an aquatic herb, widely diffused in South America and the West Indies, and likely to be found in Central America.] 6. PTEEOLEPIS. Pterolepis, Miq. Comm. Phyt. ii. p. 72; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 742; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 38. Herbs or shrubs. Twenty-five species, ranging from Mexico and the West Indies to Peru and Uruguay. 1. Pterolepis exigua, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 39. Arthrostemma exigua, Naud. South Mexico, rocks and fields at 3500 feet, Cordillera of Oaxaca (Galeotti, 2933). Hb.Kew. biol. cent.-amer., Bot. Vol. 1, June 1880. 3 h 418 MELASTOMACELE. v/2. Pterolepis ladanoides, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 39. Arthrostemma ladanoides, DC. ffliexia ladanoides, Rich, in Bonpl. Rhexia, t. 27. South Mexico (Galeotti) ; Costa Rica (Endres, 40) ; Panama (Hoisted). — Widely dispersed in the West Indies and southward to Brazil and Peru. Hb. Kew. 3. Pterolepis cerstedii, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 39. Central America ((Ersted). ^4. Pterolepis, sp. Guatemala, near Coban (Turclcheim, 9). Hb. Kew. 7. PTEROGASTRA. Pterogastra, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, xiii. p. 32 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 742 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 40. Four' herbaceous annual species, distributed from South Mexico to Guiana and the Orinoco. 1. Pterogastra CUpheoides, Seem. Bot. Voy. 'Herald,' p. 122. Heeria cupheoides, Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. t. 33. South Mexico, between Galera and Pochutla (IAebmann) ; Costa Rica, roadsides near San Jose (Polakowshy) ; Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 113), Empire railway-station (S. Hayes, 574), about the city of Panama (Seemann, 69). Hb. Kew. 8. PLEROMA. Pleroma, Don in Mem. Wern. Soc. iv. p. 293 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 473 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 40. Shrubby, arboreous, or very rarely herbaceous ; 104 species, finding their greatest concentration in Brazil. V\. Pleroma bipenicillatum, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 45. Lasiandra bipenicillatum, Naud. Panama, Santiago (Seemann). — Colombia and Venezuela. Hb. Kew. 2. Pleroma galeottiarmm, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 46. Oreocosmus galeottianus, pro parte, quoad spec. Berland. South Mexico, Cuesta de San Pedro Alto (IAebmann). Hb. Paris. 3. Pleroma longifolium, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 45. CJmtogastra lanceolata, DC. Bot. Mag. t. 2836. South Mexico, woods on the Pacific side of the Cordillera of Oaxaca, at 6000 to 8000 feet (Galeotti, 2923), barren plains, Vera Cruz (Galeotti, 2947), Teapa (Linden, 643), Orizaba (Botteri, 1013), Yucatan and Tabasco (Johnson) ; Nicaragua, Chontales (Tate, 212) ; Costa Rica, primeval forests of Angostura (Polakowsky) ; Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 129 ; Seemann). — This species has a very wide area of distribution in the West Indies and southward to Brazil and Peru. Hb. Kew. MELASTOMACE.E. 419 4. Pleroma mexicanum, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 46. Melastoma mexicana, G. Don. Rhexia tortuosa, Bonpl. Rhex. t. 7. South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 127), without precise locality (Bates), Huitamalco (Liebmaim, 129). Hb. Kew. 5. Pleroma naudinianum, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 46. South Mexico, Cordillera of Oaxaca (Galeotti, 3935) ; Costa Rica,, in primeval woods of Carpintera, near Tres Eios (Polakowsky). Hb. Kew. 6. Pleroma SChiedeanum, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 45. Rhexia schiedeana, var. micrantha, Ch. et Schl. in Linnsea, v. p. 565. South Mexico, Colipa (Liebmann), shady woods on the Cordillera of Oaxaca, near the Pacific Ocean, at 6500 to 8000 feet (Galeotti, 2931), without habitat (Schiede). Hb. Kew. 7. Pleroma SCabriusculum, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 46. Chmtogastra scabriuscula, Schl. Oreocosmus ghiesbreghtii et O. galeottianus, Naud. in part. South Mexico, mountains east of Oaxaca (Galeotti, 2935), Oaxaca (Ghiesbreght). Hb. Kew. 9. ACIOTIS. Aciotis, Don in Mem. Wern. Soc. iv. p. 300 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 744 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 51. Twenty herbaceous species, ranging from Mexico through the West Indies and Central America to Peru and South Brazil. 1. Aciotis purpurascens, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 52. Miconia purpurascens, DC. Spennera alata, Beurl. Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 149), Portobello (Billberg). — Common in the northern parts of South America. Hb. Kew. 2. Aciotis rostellata, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 51. Spennera rostellata, Naud. South Mexico, in marshes, Teapa (Linden, 637). Hb. Kew. 3. Aciotis rubricaulis, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii; p. 52. Spennera rubricaulis, Mart. Nicaragua, Chontales (Tate, 228). — Guiana, Beazil. Hb. Kew. Tribe KHEXIEjE. There are only three genera of this tribe, which is restricted to America. 3A2 420 MELASTOMAC&a:. 10. KEEXIA. Rhexia, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 468; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 747; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 61. Herbs or undershrobs. Six species, inhabiting the eastern States of North America. ^ l. Rhexia fragilis, Bert. Fl. Guat. p. 16. Guatemala (Velasquez). 2. Bhexia glandulosa, Bert. Fl. Guat. p. 15. Guatemala (Velasquez). Triana does not quote these names ; and the plants doubtless belong to some other genus. 11. MONOCH^ETUM. Monochcetum, Naud. Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, iv. p. 48 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 747 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 62. There are twenty-four shrubby species described, distributed from North Mexico, through Central America and the States of Colombia, to Peru. 1. ffionochaetum alpestre, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, iv. p. 50, and xiv. p. 164. Monocheetum emiferum, Bot. Mag. t. 5132, nee Naud. South Mexico, woods at 8000 feet, Cordillera of Oaxaca (Galeotti, 2930), Pelado and Vagueria del Jacal, 10,000 feet (Liebmann). Hb. Kew. 2. MonochaBtnm bracteolatum, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 64. Monocheetum hwmboldtianum, Seem, nee Kth. South Mexico, Dos Puentes (Liebmann) ; Panama, Boquete (Seemann, 1668). Hb. Kew. 3. Monochsetum calcaratum, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 63. Monochatum myrtoideum, Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald/ nee Naud. North Mexico, Sierra Madre (Seemann, 2173); South Mexico, Oaxaca (Ghiesbregkt, 219), Cordillera of Guchitapec (Berlandier, 997). Hb. Kew. 4. Monochaetum deppeanum, Ch. et Schl. in Linngea, v. p. 566, sub Artkro- stemmate. Monochcetum triplinerve, Naud. South Mexico, Totutla, Vera Cruz (Linden, 1293) ; rocks at 4000 feet (Galeotti, 2909), Dos Puentes (Liebmann) ; Guatemala (Friedrichsthal), Hb. Kew. 5. MonochaBtnm myrtoideum, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, xiv. p. 164. South Mexico, without any exact locality (Sates). — Colombia. Hb. Kew. 6. Monochaetum pulchmm, Dene, in Revue Horticole, 1848, p. 101, fig. 6. Monochaetum pulchellum etplumosum, Naud. South Mexico, Orizaba (Botteri, 903 ; Miiller, 906), San Cristobal (Bourqeau, 3238). Hb. Kew. y MELASTOMACK&. 421 7. MonochSBtum rivulare, JVaud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, iv. p. 50, et xiv. p. 161. . South Mexico, Orizaba (Botteri, 921), on the banks of streams, Cacati, Chiapas {Linden, 645), Chinantla (Liebmam); Guatemala (Skinner); Costa Rica (Entires, 120). Hb. Kew. 8. Monochaetum tenellum, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, xiv. p. 159 ; Bot. Mag. t. 5341. Guatemala, near Pacicia (Savage). Hb. Kew. 9. Monochsetum ?, sp. South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1868). Hb. Kew. 10. Monochsetum ?, sp. Guatemala, ridge above Calderas, 8300 feet, Volcan de Fuego (Salvin). Hb. Kew. Tribe MERlANE^. Ten small genera are referred here ; and all the species are endemic in the New World. 12. MEEIANIA. Mpriania, Swartz, IX Ind. Occ. ii. p. 823 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 749 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 65. Trees and shrubs, twenty-seven species, generally dispersed in the West Indies and Tropical South America. 1. Meriania macrophylla, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 66. Davya macrophylla, Benth. Guatemala (Hartweg) ; Panama (Bridges). — Venezuela and Colombia. Hb. Kew. 13. ADELOBOTRYS. Adelobotrys, DC. Prodr. iii. p. 127; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 750; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 67. Climbing shrubs, seven species, inhabiting the north part of South America. 1. Adelobotrys adscendens, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 67. Davya adscendens, Griseb. Davya guyanensis, DC. Mem. Melast. t. 111. Sarmentaria decora, Naud. South Mexico (Jurgensen, 865) ; Nicaragua (Tate, 71). Hb. Kew. 14. CENTRONIA. Centronia, Don in Mem. Wern. Soc. iv. p. 314; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 750; Triana, Trans. LinnJ Soc. xxviii. p. 71. Nine arboreous species, natives of Central America, -Guiana, Colombia, and Peru. 1. Centronia phlomoides, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 72. Costa Rica (Hoffmann, (Ersted). 422 MELASTOMACE^E. 15. CALYPTKELLA. Calyptrella, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, xviii. p. 132; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p.. 751 ; Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 72. Four arboreous species, inhabiting Mexico and the Andes of Peru. 1. Calyptrella galeottii, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, xviii. p. 115. South Mexico, in mountains near Oaxaca (Galeotti). Tribe SONERILE^E. There are thirteen genera of this tribe, three of which are Asiatic, three African, and the rest American. 16. TEIOL^INA. Triolana, Naud. in Ann. Se. Nat. ser. 3, xv. p. 328 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 757 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 81. Herbs ; besides the following, there is one other, a native of Ecuador. Vl. TriolaBna hjrsuta, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 67. Bertolonia hirsuta, Benth. Panama, in wet, shady woods, Prijoli railway-station (Eayes, 494). — Peeu. Hb. Kew. 2. Triolaena SCOrpioides, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, xv. p. 328, and xvi. t. 18. fig. 5 ; Hort. Lind. t. 8. South Mexico, wet places, Zacualpan, Chiapas (Linden, 647); Hacienda de Java (Liebmann), Hb. Kew. 3. Triolaena, sp. (ITridlcence scorpioidei var.). Guatemala, Coban (Salvin & Godman). Hb. Kew. Tribe MICONIE^!. A large tribe peculiar to America, comprising thirty genera and about 700 species. 17. OXYMERIS. Oxymeris, DC. Prodr. iii. p. 190; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 761; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 90. Eighty-nine species of shrubs and small trees, distributed from Mexico to Peru and South Brazil, most numerous in Brazil. V"L Oxymeris tiniiamomea, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 93. Miconia cinnamomea, Beurl. in Vetensk. Akad. Hand. 1854, p. 131. Panama, mountains near Portobello (Billberg). 2. Oxymeris COrnioides, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 93. Cremcmium ascheribornianum, Sqhauer. South Mexico, Jalapa (Galeotti, 2921; Linden, 597); ItzhuatlanciUo, Orizaba (Sourgeau, 2427), without localities (Aschenborn & Sumichrast). Hb. Kew. MELASTOMACELE. 423 3. Oxymeris heterobasis, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 95. Clidemiastrum mexicanum, Naud. Clidemia lugubris, Beurl. South Mexico, marshes and wet places, Teapa (Linden, 636), without locality (Jur- gensen), Jocotepec (Liebmann, 45) ; Panama, Portobello (Billberg). — North Brazil. Hb. Kew. 4. Oxymeris melanodesma, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 92. Clidemia melanodesma, Naud. South Mexico, Orizaba (Botteri, 969), Vera Cruz to Orizaba (Mutter, 82). — 'Colombia. Hb. Kew. 5. Oxymeris multiplinervis, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 94. Clidemia multiplinervis, Naud. South Mexico, near Zacualpan (Linden). 6. Oxymeris secunda, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 95. Clidemia secunda, Don. Costa Rica, in virgin forests of Angostura (Polakowslcy). — Peru. 7. Oxymeris Sllbseriata, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 92, var. sagittate/,. Clidemia sagittata, Naud. South Mexico, Oaxaca (Grhiesbreght, 56). 18. CONOSTEGIA. Conostegia, Don in Mem. Wern. Soc. iv. p. 316 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 763 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 97. Twenty-three species of shrubs and small trees, inhabiting Mexico, Central America, and the north part of South America. 1. Conostegia arborea, Schl. in Linnsea, xiiL p. 424, sub Melastomate. Conostegia arborea, Schauer in Linnsea, xx. p. 733. South Mexico, near Jalapa, 4000 feet, most rare species (Galeotti, 2917; Linden, 602) ; without locality (Aschenborn). Hb. Kew. 2. Conostegia bracteata, Triana in Seem. Journ. Bot. iv. p. 209. Nicaragua, Chontales (Seemann). Hb. Kew. 3. Conostegia lasiopoda, Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. p. 96. Central America (Barclay). '' 4. Conostegia macrantha, Berg, ex Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 97. Costa Rica, Candelaria Mts. (CErsted). r 5. Conostegia Cerstediana, Berg, ex Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 98. Costa Eica, Volcan de Barba, Volcan de Turrialba, Naranjo ((Ersted). 424 MELASTOMACE^E. Iy6. Conostegia speciosa, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, xvi. p. 109. Panama (Hayes, 86 ; Seemann & Cuming).— Venezuela, Colombia. Hb. Kew. 7. Conostegia sphserica, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 98. South Mexico, Teotalcingo (IAebmann). Hb. Kew. ^ 8. Conostegia subcrnstulata, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 98. Conostegia purpurea, Griseb. Panama, on the banks of the river Chagres (Duchassaing). 9. Conostegia subhirsuta, DC. Prodr. hi. p. 174. South Mexico, Jalapa(GW— 6. Clidemia melanotricha, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 136. Costa Rica {Hoffmann). Hb. Berol. 7. CMemia neglecta, Don in Mem. Wern. Soc. iv. p. 307; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 136. Clidemia fenestrata, Seem., nee Benth. Clidemia urceolata, DC. Staphidium urceolatum, Naud. Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 34 and 36), Isle of Taboga (Seemann, 1663).— Southward to Brazil and Peru, and in Trinidad. Hb. Kew. 8. CMemia petiolaris, Schl. in Linnaea, v. p. 562, sub Melastomate ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soe. xxviii. p. 135. Clidemia deppeana, Naud. Staphidium lindenianum, gracile et dependens, Naud. South Mexico, Yucatan and Tabasco (Johnson, 130), borders of streams, Teapa (Linden, 639), Hacienda de Tuspango (Bourgeau, 2442, in part), Huitamalc'o (Lieb- mann) ; Panama, mountains near Portobello (Billberg). Hb. Kew. 9. Clidemia serrulata, Schl. in Linnaja, xiii. p. 425. Staphidium divaricatum, Naud. South Mexico, humid places, Teapa (Linden, 634), Hacienda de Tuspango (Bourgeau, 2442 in part). Hb. Kew. 10. Clidemia, sp. South Mexico, woods at 4800 feet in the Cordillera of Oaxaca (Galeotti, 2934) Hb. Kew. 23. SAGR^A. Sagraa, DC. Prodr. in. p. 170; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 766; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 137. About thirty-five shrubby species, inhabiting the West Indies and northern part of South America, one extending to Mexico. 1. Sagrsea petiolata, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 139. Clidemia petiolata, DC. Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 38). — Guiana. Hb. Kew. 2. Sagraea rubra, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 137. Melastoma rubra, Bonpl. t. 39. Staphidiastrum rubrum, Naud. Sagraea sessiliflora et columneeefolia, DC. South Mexico, Acapulco (Hinds), Chinantla at 3000 feet (Galeotti, 2943) ; Panama, in meadows near the city of Panama (Seemann, 395). — A common species in the West Indies and Tropical South America. Hb. Kew. 432 MELASTOMACILE. 24. CALOPHYSA. Calophysa, DC. Prodr. iii. p. 166 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 766 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 140. Ten shrubby species, dispersed from Mexico to Guiana, Colombia, and Peru. ^1. Calophysa setosa, Triana in Seemann's Journ. Bot. v. p. 209. Nicakagua, Chontales (Seemann) ; South Mexico, Misantla (Hahri), Lacoba &c. (Liel- mann)'. Hb. Kew. 2. Calophysa vesiculosa, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 140. Tococa vesiculosa, DCV Caiques des Dess. M. Mex. 336. South Mexico (Mogino & SessS). 25. BELLUCIA. Bettucia, Neck. Elem. ii. p. 142; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 768; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 141. Six species of shrubs and trees, inhabiting Mexico and the north part of South America. 1. Belinda macrophylla, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 142. Belinda superba, Naud. Belinda aubletii, Seem., nee Naud. Blakea macrophylla, Don. South Mexico, El Azufre, near Teapa {Linden, 64). Hb. Kew. 26. HENRIETTELLA. Henriettella, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, xviii. p. 107 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 769 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 143. Shrubs and trees, fourteen species, inhabiting the West Indies and north part of South America. " l. Henriettella seemannii, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, xviii. p. 108. Sagrcsa scabrosa, Seem., nee Naud. Panama, near Cruces (Seemann, 388). Hb. Kew. 27. OCTOPLEURA. Octopleura, Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 260; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 769; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 145. Seven shrubby species, found in the West Indies and north part of South America. 1. Octopleura diversifolia, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 145. Melastoma diversifolia, Bonpl. Melast. t. 59. Staphidium diver •sifolium, Naud. Panama, near Cruces (Seemann, 389). — Colombia. Hb. Kew. v2. Octopleura micrantha, Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 260. Melastoma micranthum, Sw. MELASTOMACE^E. 433 Costa Rica, primeval woods of Carpintera (Polakowslcy).— Jamaica ; Venezuela; Colombia. ^- 3. Octopleura quinquenervia, Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 145. Melastoma quinquenervia, Mill. Diet. Clidemia cyanocarpa, Bentb. Clidemia ? decurrens, Beurl. Panama, in woods on the road to the city of Panama (Billberg). — Colombia. Tribe BLAKEA. Limited to the two following genera, both of which are restricted to America. 28. BLAKEA. Blakea, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 593 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 770 ; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 148. About twenty shrubby species, inhabiting the West Indies and Central America to Peru. 1. Blakea gracilis, Hemsley, Diag. PL Nov. pars 1, p. 13. (Tab. XXIII.) Fruticosa, glabra, ramulis teretibus gracilibus, foliis longe petiolatis vix coriaceis 5-nerviis obovato- ellipticis abrnpte acuminatis, floribus mediocribus solitariis axillaribus longe pedunculatis, bracteis a basi liberis, 2 exterioribus majoribus foliis similibus, 2 interioribus obovato- spathulatis. Frutex erectus, elatus, glaber, ramulis ultimis teretibus, gracilibus. Folia longe petiolata, vix coriacea, 5-nervia, obovato-elliptica, 2|-3-pollicaria, abrupte acuminata, subacuta, venis trans- versis creberrimis, petiolo gracili, 6-8 lin. longi. Flores albido-rosei, ad sesquipoll. diametro, axillares, solitarii, pedunculati, 4-bracteati; pedunculi lJ-2-pollicares; bractese a basi liberse, decussatse, 2 exteriores majores fere pollicares foliis simillimse, interiores obovato-spatbu- latse ; calycis limbus fere obsoletus, truncatus vel obscure 6-lobus ; petala 6, obliqua ; stamina 12, sequalia; filamenta crassa ; antherse magnse, oblongse, tilamentis sequilongse, apice biporosse, connectivo inappendiculato ; ovarium vertice depressum, stylo elongato, arcuato, stigmate parvo. Costa Rica, without locality (Entires). Hb. Kew. In habit and foliage this species closely resembles B. granatensis, but differs in its bracts and other characters. " 2. Blakea grandiflora, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 13. Glaberrima, ramulis crassissimis, foliis longe petiolatis late ellipticis breviter acuminatis obtusis, floribus maximis pedunculatis axillaribus solitariis vel 2-4 fasciculatis 4-bracteatis, bracteis exterioribus ovatis basi connatis, interioribus omnino connatis, calycis limbo longe producto 4-lobo, petalis orbiculari-obovatis. Arbor (?) glaberrima, ramulis praecipue ad nodos crassissimis. Folia longe petiolata, coriacea, late elliptica, 4-6-pollicaria, breviter et obtuse acuminata, basi cuneata, 5-nervia, nervLs lateralibus margine contiguis, venis transversis satis crebris, petiolo crassiusculo, l-l|-pollicari. Flores albi, pedunculati, axillares, solitarii vel 2-4 fasciculati, 4-bracteati, ad 3 poll, diametro, pe- dunculi crassi, 1~\\ poll, longi ; bractese exteriores pollicares, ovati-orbiculatae, obtusse, biol. cent.-amer., Bot. Vol. 1, June 1880. 3 k 434 MELAST0MACIL3E. 6-nerves, basi tantum connatse, interiores omnino connatse cupulam formantes, calycis tubum includentes; calyx turbinatus, limbo alte producto, 6-lobo, lobis latis, apice subito coarctatis et retroflexis ; petala 6, orbiculari-rotundata ; stamina 12 ; filamenta crassa, con- nectivo inappendiculato (?) ; ovarium 6-loculare, stylo elongato recto, stigmate parvo. Costa Rica, without locality (Endres, 230). Hb. Kew. 1/ 3. Blakea, sp. Costa Eica, at an elevation of 5500 feet (Endres, 122). Hb. Kew. ^ 4. Blakea, sp. Guatemala, Volcan de Fuego (Salvin & Godman). Hb. Kew. 29. TOPOBEA. Topobea, Aubl. PI. Guian. i. p. 476; Bentb. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 770; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 149. Fourteen shrubby species, inhabiting Mexico and the north part of South America. 1. Topobea calycularis, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, xviii. p. 149. South Mexico, humid forests of Zuluzu, Chiapas (Linden, 650). Hb. Kew. 2. Topobea laevigata, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, xviii. p. 150. Topobea fragrans, Naud. Blakea laevigata, Don. South Mexico, Mirador (Liebmann, 93 ; Linden, 611). Hb. Kew. ^ 3. Topobea SUperba, Naud. Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, xviii. p. 147. Panama, Aspinwall (S. Hayes, 161), Pueblo Nuevo de los Eemedios (Seemann, 1143). Hb. Kew. v 4. Topobea, sp. Nicaragua, Chontales (Tate, 385). Hb. Kew. Tribe MOURIRIE^l. This tribe comprises the following genus and one other, Memecylon, of which there are nearly 100 species, widely spread in Asia, Africa, and Australia. 30. MOUEIEIA. Mouriria, Juss. Gen. Plant, p. 320; Bentb. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 772; Triana in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. p. 153. Thirty species of small trees and shrubs, natives of the West Indies and the northern part of South America. 1. Mouriria mexicana, DC. Prodr. iii. p. 8 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 361. Mexico. u 2. Mouriria parvifolia, Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. p. 97, t. 36. Mouriria acuta, Griseb. MELAST0MACEJ2. 435 Costa Rica (Entires, 261); Panama, Lion-Hill railway-station and Rio Grande station (S. Hayes, 365, 474).— Cuba. Hb. Kew. MELASTOMACEyE DUBIE^l. 1. Melastoma umbilicata, Bert. Fl. Guat. p. 16. Guatemala, Esquintla (Velasquez). 2. Melastoma rostrata, Bert. Fl. Guat. p. 17. Guatemala, Antigua (Velasquez). Order LVI. LYTHRACEtE. Lythracete, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 773 ; Koehne, Fl. Bras. fasc. Ixxiii. About 250 species of berbs, shrubs, and trees, belonging to thirty genera. The woody species are mostly natives of tropical and subtropical regions, and the herbaceous species generally dispersed, a few of them having a very wide range of distribution in temperate regions. Tribe AMMANNIE^E. Dwarf herbs, often aquatic. 1. EOTALA. Rotala, Linn. Mant. p. 175; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 776, sub Ammannia; Koehne, Fl. Bras. fasc. Ixxiii. p. 191. Several herbaceous species, diffused nearly all over the tropics. Aquatic or marsh plants. 1. Rotala mexicana, Ch. et Schl. in Linnsea, v. p. 567. Koehne (I. c.) unites under this name several varieties, widely spread in Tropical Asia, Africa, and America (see t. 39). " Planta nobis ex descriptione auctorum verisimiliter ex ordine excludenda est. An Caryophyllege'?" — Benth. et Hook. Gen. PI. i. p. 776. 2. Rotala ramOSior, Koehne, Fl. Bras. fasc. Ixxiii. p. 194. Ammannia ramosior, Linn. • • Ammannia catholica, Ch. et Schl. Ammannia occidentalis, DC. North America. — South Mexico, in wet places near El Estero (Schiede & Dejype). — West Indies and Brazil and in the Philippine Islands. Hb. Kew. 2. AMMANNIA. Ammannia, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 155 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 776. Bentham estimates the number of species, including Botala, at thirty, generally dis- persed in the tropics. They are aquatic or marsh plants. 3£ 2 436 LYTHBACILE. 1. Ammannia dentifera, A. Gray, Pi. Wright, ii. p. 55. North Mexico, Santa Cruz, Sonora (Wright). 2. Ammannia latifolia, Linn. Sp. i. p. 119. North Mexico, Guadalupe, Chihuahua (Thurber).—A very widely dispersed plant Tropical and Subtropical Countries. 3. Ammannia sanguinolenta, Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. i. p. 272. South Mexico, in wet places near El Estero (Schiede & Deppe). — West Indies and South America. 4. Ammannia wrightii, A. Gray, PI. Wright, i. p. 55. Texas. — North Mexico, Sonora (Wright, Thurber). Trite LYTHKE^E. 3. ADENAEIA. Adenaria, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 185 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 777. One or two arboreous species, restricted to Tropical America. ^ 1. Adenaria lanceolata, Beurling in Vetensk. Akad. Hand. 1854, p. 124. Panama, in fields (Billberg). Y2. Adenaria purpurata, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 185. Panama, Paraiso railway-station (S. Hayes, 125), Chagres (Fendler, 313). — Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Hb. Kew. 4. CUPHEA. Cuphea, P. Browne, Nat. Hist. Jam. p. 216 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 778. A large genus of herbs and dwarf shrubs, restricted to America, ranging from the Southern States of North America to Chili and Uruguay, but most numerous in Mexico and Brazil. Bentham and Hooker estimate the number of species at about ninety ; and Koehne enumerates 145 in addition to those described here. 1. Cuphea sequipetala, Cav.Ic.t. 382.fig.2; Koehne inFl.Bras. fasc. lxxiii.p.235. Cuphea virgata, Cav. loc. cit. fig. 1. Cuphea scabrida, H. B. K. Cuphea floribunda, Lehm., nee Hook. Cuphea violacea, Regel. Cuphea ocimoides, Decaisne. Cuphea atrosanguinea, Warsz. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 241 and 242) ; South Mexico, Tacubaya (Bilimeh, 282 ; Schaffner), around Toluca (Andrieux, 381), Sierra San Pedro Nolasco &c. (Jurgensen, 700), valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 354, 124 ; Schaffner, 403), Totutla (Linden, 1298), Morelia, 7000 feet (Galeotti, 3004), Chiapas (Ghiesbreght, 140), Zimapan (Coulter, 159 and 160), Misteca LTTHEACE.E. 437 Alta, 7000 feet {GaleoUi, 2999) ; Guatemala, Volcan de Fuego, 8300 feet (Salvin). Hb. Kew. A very common and variable species. 2. Cuphea angUStifolia, Jacq., ex Koehne in Fl. Bras. fasc. lxxiii. p. 232. South Mexico, Orizaba (JBotteri, 229, 806, 807, and 1145 ; Bourgeau, 3165), Tehuacan at 5600 feet (GaleoUi, 2995). Hb. Kew. 3. Cuphea (§ Melanium) anisophylla, Hemsley, Diag. PL Nov. pars 3, p. 51. (Tab. XXIV.) SufFruticosa, foliis oppositis vel suboppositis saepissime confertis distichis et in eodem ramulo mag- nitudine valde variabilibus, superioribus saepe bracteiformibus, omnibus brevissime petiolatis lanceolato-oblongis ovatisve utrinque parce strigosis simul hispidulis, floribus parvis alternis, pedunculis interpetiolaribus, calycis dentibus subuncinatis, petalis 6 fere aequabbus, staminibus 11 inclusis, filamentis brevissimis barbatis, orulis ad sex. Suffrutex ramosus, 9-18-pollicaris, ramis teretibus, graciHusculis, junioribus puberulis. Folia bre- vissime petiolata, opposita vel subopposita, conferta, saepissime disticha et in eodem ramulo magnitudine valde variabilia, superiora saepe bracteiformia, omnia lanceolato-oblonga vel ovata, 3-18 lineas longa, acuta vel obtusiuscula, basi saepissime rotundata, interdum subcordata vel inaequalia, utrinque parce strigosa simul hispidula. Mores alterni ; pedunculi interpetiolares, 1^-2 lin. longi, apice bibracteolati, bracteolis minutis, persistentibus ; calycis tubus rectus, fere ecalcaratus, setosus, circiter 3 lin. longus, intus supra medium pubescens, deutes brevi, sub- uncinati ; petala 6, subaequalia, obovato-oblonga, 1^-2 lin. longa, rosea vel purpurea, basi squamulis minutis albis suffulta; stamina 11, inclusa, filamentis brevissimis, barbatis; ovarium glabrum, 6-ovulatum, stylo brevi. Fructus saepe 4-spermus ; semina orbicularia, marginata. — C. antisyphilitica, Seem. Bot. Voy. 'Herald/ nee H.B. K. Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 111 and 223), by ditches near the city of Panama (See- mann, 293), in shady woods near Cruces (Seemann, 580). This species is very closely allied to C. pseudo-melanium, Grisebach, a Cuban plant (united by Koehne with C. melanium), from which it differs in its larger flowers, uncinu- late calyx-teeth, broader obovate petals, and bearded filaments. Possibly more complete material of the Cuban plant may lead to their union. Grisebach's description is alto- gether insufficient. EXPLANATION OP TAB. XXIV. Fig. 1, a flower, enlarged; 2, tbe same laid open, showing the stamens in a very young state; 3, ovary with side removed, revealing the ovules. 4. Cuphea apanaxaloa, DC. Prodr. iii. p. 88 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 323. Mexico. "^ 5. Cuphea appendiculata, Benth. Pi. Hartw. p. 61. South Mexico, Juquila (Hartweg, 462) ; Guatemala, Alta Vera Paz, in thickets near Coban, 4300 feet (Turckheim, 172). Hb. Kew. 6. Cuphea (§ Diploptychia) aristata, Hemsley, Diag. PL Nov. pars 3, p. 51. Suffruticosa, ramis gracillimis puberulis, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis glabrescentibus supra nitidis, floribus maximis solitariis interpetiolaribus, calycis tubo fere recto sparse longeque setuloso 438 LYTHEACE^. intus glabro longissime calcarato, dentibus insigniter uni- vel biaristatis, petalis 6, quorum 2 dorsalia maxima, 4 ventralia minuta, staminibus 11 exsertis, disco subcupulato dorso producto, ovulis ad 8. Suffrutex, ramis teretibus, virgatis, gracillimis, puberulis. Folia opposita, brevissime petiolata, gla- brescentia, oblongo-lanceolata, usque sesquipolhcaria, obtusiuscula, basi late rotundata vel interdum cuneata, supra nitida, leviter viscida, subtus hispidula, costa lata, elevata, venis immersis. Mores sohtarii, interpetiolares ; pedunculi gracillimi, 4-5 Hueas longi, apice bibra- cteolati, bracteolse minutissimae ; calycis tubus fere rectus, extus sparse et lougiuscule setu- losus, simul puberulus vix viscosus, intus glaber, costis duabus longitudinalibus a staminibus duobus brevibus excurrentibus, circiter 15 bneas longus, calcari recto, circiter 4 Kneas longo, dentibus fere aaqualibus, longe uni- vel biaristatis ; petala 6, quorum 2 dorsaba 7-8 lin. longa, basi glandubs squamosis parvis totidem suffulta, 4 ventraba vix 2 Mn. longa ; stamina 11, quorum 9 exserta, filamentis basi parcissime barbatis ; discus subcupulatus, dorso produetus ; ovarium glabrum, ad 8-ovulatum. Fructus maturus a nobis non visus. . Guatemala, valley of Motagua (Salvin & Godman, 141). Hb. Kew. The very slender branches, long, straight calyx-spur, and awned calyx-teeth readily dis- tinguish this species from its nearest allies. 7. Cuphea balsamona, Ch. et Schl. in Linnaea, ii. p. 263 ; Koehne, Fl. Bras. fasc. lxxiii. p. 255, t. 45. fig. 1. South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1741), Orizaba (Bourgeau, 2701 ; Botteri, 632), near Jalapa (Schiede, 575), near Eegla (JEhrenberg), Sierra San Pedro Nolasco &c. (Jurgensen, 793), Mirador (Linden, 1296), Vera Cruz (Galeotti, 2976 and 3001); Nicaragua, Chontales (Tate, 167) ; Guatemala, Chojoja, Mazatenango (Bernoulli, 434), near Coban (Turchheim, 126) ; Panama (S. Hayes, 199).— Southward to Ueuguay and in the Galapagos Islands. Hb. Kew. 8. Cuphea bracteata, Hook, et Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 289, nee Lag. South Mexico, Tepic and Jalisco (Beechey & Sinclair). Hb. Kew. 9. Cuphea bustamanta, La Llave et Lex. Nov. Gen. Desc. fasc. i. p. 21. (Tab. XXV. figg. 1-5.) Cuphea platycentra, Benth. PL Hartw. p. 7, nee Lemaire. South Mexico, near Vallisoletum (Lexarza), Oaxaca (Ghiesbreght, 102), in Mexican gardens (Graham, Berlandier, Schiede). Hb. Kew. From a specimen in the Berlin herbarium there is no doubt that Bentham's C. platy- centra is the same as La Llave and Lexarza's C. bustamanta. The label accompanying the specimen in question bears the following inscription : — " Cuphea bustamanti (sic, nee bustamanta) sub hoc superiori nomine ex h. bot. Mex. accepi. Oct. 29, Schiede." This plant is exactly the same as C. platycentra, Benth. ; and it is also doubtless the true C. bustamanta, which was published only some three or four years before Schiede travelled in Mexico. EXPLANATION OP TAB. XXV. Figg. 1-5. Fig. 1, portion of a plant, natural size ; 2, a flower ; 3, upper part of a flower laid open, showing the insertion of the stamens; 4, an ovary; 5, section of the same, showing the ovules : all enlarged. LYTHRACE^E. 439 10. Cuphea calaminthSBfolia, Schl. in Linnsea, xii. p. 275. South Mexico, Cuesta Grande de Chiconquiaco (Schiede). 11. Cuphea calcarata, Benth. Pi. Hartw. p. 7. Noeth Mexico, Sierra Madre (Seemann, 2170), Zacatecas (Hartweg, 26); South Mexico, Seal del Monte to Zacatecas (Coulter), Pazcuaro (Uhde). Hb. Kew. 12. Cuphea COruiculata, Koehne in Fl. Bras, fasc lxxiii. p. 236. Mexico (ex Koehne). 13. Cuphea Cyanea, DC. Prodr. iii. p. 85 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 321. Cuphea coccinea, DC. Cuphea pubiflor a, Benth. Cuphea strigulosa, Lem. PI. des Serres, i. t. 14; Paxt. Mag. Bot. xi. 241, nee H. B. K. Cuphea strigillosa, Lindl. Bot. Reg. xxxii. t. 14. South Mexico, Sierra San Pedro Nolasco &c. (Jurgensen, 528 and 707), Cordillera of Oaxaca, 6000 to 8500 feet (Galeotti, 2997), Orizaba (Miiller, 190; Botteri, 794; Salle; Bourgeau, 2848 and 2937), San Felipe (Andrieux, 378), on the cumbre between Oaxaca and La Sierra (Hartweg), Temascaltepec (Ehrenherg). Hb. Kew. 14. Cuphea (§ LeptOCalyx, Koehne) debilis, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 3, p. 51. Herbacea?, caulibus adscendentibus debilibus fere filiformibus minutissime transversimque albo puberulis, pilis medio affixis, foliis petiolatis ovato-ellipticis parce strigosis et setulosis, floribus parvis axillaribus solitariis, calycis tubo intus glabro, extus parce patentim setoso simul puberulo, appendicibus dentes duplo triplove superantibus, petabs 6, quorum 2 dorsaba multo majora, staminibus 9, ovulis 8. Herba ?, caulibus adscendentibus debilibus, fere filiformibus, teretibus, infra pedalibus, minutissime transversimque albo-puberulis, pilis medio affixis. Folia opposita, longiuscule petiolata, ovato-elliptica, pollicaria, obtusa, utrinque parce strigosa et setulosa. Flores solitarii, axil- lares; pedicelli 5-6 lin. longi, graciles, supra medium bibracteolati ; calycis tubus gracihs, breviter calcaratus, curvatus, ad semipollicaris, intus glaber, extus parce patenti-setosus, simul puberulus, appendices oblongse, crassse, brevissime setulosse, dentibus duplo triplove longiores ; petala 6, quorum 2 dorsaba 3-4 lineas longa, basi a glandulis squamosis suffulta, cetera minuta ; stamina 9, quorum 3 brevissime exserta, filamentis omnibus glabris ; discus maximus, calcariformibus, deflexus ; ovarium glabrum, 8-ovulatum. Fructus maturus ignotus. South Mexico, Jalapa (Coulter, 156). Hb. Kew. From the description, this must be closely allied to C. calaminthcefolia, Schl., of which we have seen no specimens. It differs in the very slender stems, the relatively long appendages of the calyx, and in the smaller number of ovules, as well as in the generally smaller dimensions. 15. Cuphea decandra, Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, iii. p. 151. South Mexico, Consoquitla, near Mirador (Liebmann ; Linden, 39 ; Wawra, 1063), Soledad (Wawra, 155), Jalapa, 3000 feet (Galeotti, 2992), without locality (Harris).— Jamaica ; Cuba. Hb. Kew. 440 LTTHEACE^:. 16. Cuphea (§ Melvilla, Koehne) dodecandra, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 3, p. 51. (Tab. XXVI.) SufFruticosa, demum glaberrima, foliis oppositis lanceolatis usque semipedalibus, floribus fascicu- latim racemosis inter maximos interdum sparse glanduloso-Mrsutis apetalis, calycis calcari brevi rotundato, dentibus aequalibus crassis cibatis, tubo intus glabro, staminibus 12 alternis exsertis, ovulis ad 12. Suffrvtex erectus, demum omnino glaberrimus, ramis teretibus, purpureis vel roseis. Folia oppo- sita, breviter petiolata, vix coriacea, lanceolata, 3-6-pollicaria, utrinque longe acuminata vel suprema basi fere rotundata, juniora tantrum margine ciholato-glandulosa, adulta glaberrima, laevia, subtus pallidiora. Flores apetali, purpurei, fasciculatim raeemosi, sparse glanduloso- hirsuti; pedicelli circiter 6 lineas longi, ramulique sparse glanduloso-hirti, apice bracteolis minutis instructi; calycis tubus fere rectus, breviter calcaratus, ad sesquipolhcaris, intus glaber, dentibus aequalibus, hrevibus, crassis, cHiatis, exappendiculatis ; stamina 12, alterna, exserta; filamenta glabra; discus crassus, sphaeroideus ; ovarium glabrum, ad 12-ovulatum. Fructus maturus a nobis non visus. South Mexico, Pueblo Nuevo, Chiapas {Linden, 661). Hb. Kew. A distinct species, characterized by its ample foliage and dodecandrous apetalous flowers. EXPLANATION OF TAB. XXVI. Figg. 1-5. Pig. 1, a flower ; 2, upper portion of the same, laid open ; 3, an ovary ; 4, the same in section : all enlarged. * 17. Cuphea epilobiifolia, Koehne in EL Bras. fasc. lxxiii. p. 223. " Var. COStaricensis, Koehne in Hb. Berol. Costa Rica, Aguacate (Hoffmann, 733), without locality (Endres, 157). Hb. Kew. The typical plant inhabits Venezuela. 18. Cuphea glosSOStoma, Koehne in Fl. Bras. fasc. lxxiii. p. 234. South Mexico, Acantla (Ehrenberg), without locality (Bates). Hb. Kew. 19. Cuphea graciliflora, Koehne in Fl. Bras. fasc. lxxiii. p. 236. (Tab. XXV figg. 6-10.) South Mexico, Chiapas (Ghiesbreght, 715). Hb. Kew. We have seen no authentically-named specimens of this species ; but Ghiesbreght's specimen agrees so well with the description that we have not hesitated to refer it here. EXPLANATION OP TAB. XXV. Figg. 6-10. Fig. 6, portion of a plant, natural size; 7, a flower; 8, upper portion of the same, laid open, showing the stamens in a young state; 9, an ovary ; 10, section of the same : all enlarged. ' 20. Cuphea heteropetala, Koehne in Fl. Bras. fasc. lxxiii. p. 232. Mexico (ex Koehne). 21. Cuphea heterophylla, Benth. Pi. Hartw. p. 37. South Mexico, in woods, Morelia (Hartweg), Oaxaca (Ghiesbreght, 106). Hb. Kew. Koehne refers C. ternata, Peyr. in Linnsea, xxx. p. 71, to this ; but the description does not agree in some points. LYTHEACE.E. 441 22. Cuphea hookeriana, Waip. Rep. Bot. ii. P. 107. Cuphea floribunda, Hook, et Arn. nee Lehra. Cuphea roezlii, Carriere in Rev. Hort. 1877, p. 469, cum ic. color. North Mexico, Sierra Madre (Seemann, 2171) ; South Mexico, San Bias to Tepic {Sinclair, Boezl), Mirador (Linden, 622), Toluca, Cocustepec, 8800 feet (Heller), Tepic (Boezl). Hb. Kew. 23. Cuphea hySSOpifblia, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 199. South Mexico, near Jalapa, at 2000 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland), at 2000 feet and 4000 feet (Galeotti, 2985 and 2986), Misantla (Schiede), valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1495); Guatemala, near Coban (Turckheim, 17). Hb. Kew. 24. Cuphea ignea, A. DC. ex Koehne in Fl. Bras. fasc. Ixxiii. p. 232. Cuphea platy centra, Lem. Fl. des Serres, t. 180, nee Benth. South Mexico, 'Orizaba, 4000 feet (Galeotti, 2996 ; SalU), Sierra San Pedro Nolasco &c. (Jurgensen, 804 and 920). Hb. Kew. 25. Cuphea infdndibulum, Koehne in Fl. Bras. fasc. Ixxiii. p. 236. Cuphea appendiculata, Seem, nee Benth. Costa Eica, San Jose, Aguacate, Alto de la Cruz, &c (Hoffmann) ; Panama, Veraguas (Warszewicz), Boquete (Seemann, 1178). Hb. Kew. 26. Cuphea (§ Leptocalyx, Koehne) intermedia, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 3, p. 52. Fruticosa aut suflruticosa, ramis rectis gracilibus, foliis breviter petiolatis ovato-lanceolatis scaberri- mis, noribus axillaribus et extraaxillaribus, calycis tubo extus dense setuloso-hirsuto intus haud costato, dentibus subsequalibus exappendiculatis ciliatis, petaHs 6 subaequalibus, ovulis ad 15. Frutescvel suffrutex, ramis teretibus, gracilibus, rectis, junioribus puberulis. Folia opposita, breviter petiolata, subcoriacea, ovato-lanceolata vel ovato-oblonga, poUicaria usque sesquipollicaria, acuta vel obtusiuscula, supra breviter setosa, scaberrima, subtus densissime pubescentia, costa venisque lateralibus subtus elevatis, internodiis brevibus. Flores axillares et extraaxillares, solitarii vel geminij pedunculi l|-3 lineas longi, apice bibracteolati ; bracte-de minimse, subulatse; calycis tubus fere rectus, primum graciliusculus, circiter pollicaris, extus dense setuloso-hirsutus, intus ecostatus, supra medium tantum hirsutus, calcari brevi, rotundato, dentibus subsequalibus exappendiculatis, ciliatis; petala 6, purpurea vel rosea, subsequaba, 4-6 lineas longa, breviter unguiculata, duo posteriora basi glandulis parvis crassis totidem suffulta; stamina 11, quorum 9 breviter exserta, filamentis sparse barbatis; discus maximus, dorsalis; ovarium glabrum, ad 15-ovulatum. Fructus maturus a nobis non visus. South Mexico, Chiapas (Ghiesbreght, 75 and 717). Hb. Kew. With almost exactly the foliage of some specimens of C. nitidula, this has six nearly equal petals, and the calyx-tube wants the two internal longitudinal ribs characteristic of the section to which that species belongs. C. intermedia is, in some of its characters, intermediate between Koehne's sections Leptocalyx and BiploptycMa. 27. Cuphea (§ Diploptychia, Koehne) ixodes, Hemsl.Diag.Pl.Nov. pars3, p. 52. Fruticosa aut suflruticosa, ramis floriferis elongatis teretibus glanduloso-hirsutis, foliis lanceolatis biol. cent.-amee., Bot. Vol. 1, June 1880. 3 1 442 LYTRUACEM. brevissime petiolatis strigosis asperrimis, floribus mediocribus viscosissimis racemosis longi- uscule pedicellatisj calycis fauce hirsuta, tubo intus infra stamina glaberrimo, calcari adscen- dente, petalis 6 quorum 4 ventralia minuta, 2 dorsalia basi glandulis carnosis suffulta, staminibus 11, filamentis basi barbatis, disco carnoso oblongo deflecto, ovulis ad octodecim. Frutex vel suffrutex, ramis floriferis elongatis, teretibus, graciliusculis, glanduloso-hirsutis. Folia op- posita, brevissime petiolata, subcoriacea, ssepissime lanceolata, 1-2-pollicaria, utrinque acuminata vel basi interdum rotundata, mucronata, scaberrima, brevissime et densissime setosa, juniora saltern simul strigosa, venis lateralibus subtus prominentibus. Flores racemosi, nee racemoso- paniculati, bracteis linearibus pedicellis sequilongis; pedicelli 3-5 lineas longi, apice brac- teolis 2 lineari-subulatis instructi; calyx vix pollicaris, dense glanduloso-birsutus, visco- sissimus, tubo latiusculo, gibboso, apicem versus constricto, intus costis duabus longitudinalibus a staminibus duobus brevibus excurrentibus, infra stamina glaberrimo, fauce hirsuta, calcari longiusculo adscendente, ore obliquo, dentibus brevibus ; petala 6, quorum 4 ventralia minuta, 2 dorsalia retrorsa, circiter 4 lineas longa, basi glandulis maximis crasso-carnosis totidem suffulta; stamina 11, alterna breviter exserta, filamentis basi barbatis; discus oblongus, crassus, carnosus ; ovarium glabrum, ovulis ad octodecim. Fructus a nobis non visus. Mexico, without locality {Bates). Hb. Kew. Allied to C. pinetorum and C. hooJceriana, but differing in its inflorescence, foliage, and other characters. 28. Cuphea jorullensis, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 208, non Bot. Mag. t. 5232 Cuphea tricolor, DC, ex Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 319. Cuphea arvensis, Benth. South Mexico, San Andres, beyond Tacamaca (Graham, 207), Morelia (Hartweg), Oaxaca (Ghiesbreght, 104), Anganguio (Ehrenberg, ffegewisch), Jorullo (Humboldt & Bonpland), without localities ( Uhde, Schaffner, &c). Hb. Kew. 29. Cuphea karwinskii, Koehne in Fl. Bras. fasc. lxxiii. p. 234. Mexico (ex Koehne). 30. Cuphea llavea, Llav. et Lex. Nov. Veg. Descr. i. p. 20 ; Benth. PI. Hartw. p. 7, non Cuphea llaveana, Lindl. Bot. Eeg. t. 1386. Cuphea barbigera, Hook, et Arn. North Mexico, Cerro de Pinal (Seemann, 1523) ; South Mexico, San Bias to Tepic (Sinclair), in mountains near Vallisoletum (Lexarza), mountains near Tlaltenango (Hartweg), Oaxaca (Ghiesbreght, 308). Hb. Kew. 31. Cuphea laminuligera, Koehne in Fl. Bras. fasc. lxxiii. p. 234. South Mexico, Cordillera of Oaxaca, woods on the Pacific side at 4000 feet (Galeotti 2993). Hb. Kew. 32. Cuphea lanceolata, Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, iii. p. 605 ; Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard vii. t. 402, nee Bot. Mag. t. 6412. Cuphea silenoides, Nees, Bot. Mag. t. 4362. South Mexico, Zimapan &c. (Coulter, 151, 152, 157, and 158). Hb. Kew. LTTHRACE^:. 443 33. Cuphea (§ Balsamona) leptopoda, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 3, p. 52. Annua, erecta, parce ramosa, caule ramulisque glanduloso-pilosis, foliis oppositis longiuscule graci- literque petiolatis ovato-oblongis obtusis vel subacutis utrinque asperis et brevissime setosis simul plus minusve strigillosis, floribus minimis subspicatis, calycis dentibus minutis fere aequalibus, petalis 6, stylo ovario sequilongo, ovulis ssepissime tribus. Herba annua, erecta, vix pedalis, caule parce ramoso, ramulisque teretibus gracilibus glanduloso- pilosis. Folia opposita, tenuia, pallida, longiuscule graciliterque petiolata, lamina ovato-oblonga, usque bipollicaris, obtusa vel subacuta, basi rotundata vel leviter cuneata, utrinque scabra et brevissime setosa, simul plus minusve strigillosa, subtus venis lateralibus prominulis ; petiolus gracillimus, 3-7 lineas longus. Flores subspicati, subsessiles, spicis paucifloris terminalibus ; calyx longe setosus, primum graciliusculus, 4-5 lineas longus, brevissime calcaratus, dentibus minutis fere sequalibus ; petala 6, quorum 2 dorsalia paullo majora, f-l| lin. longa ; stamina 11, inclusa, filamentis barbatisj discus parvus, erectus; ovarium glabrum, sa^pissime 3-ovulatum, stylo ovarium sequante. Fructus 3-spermus ; semina orbicularia, magna. Guatemala, between Esquipulas and Jupilingo {Bernoulli, 747). Hb. Kew. This species is closely allied to C. micrantha, H. B. K., differing in the texture, venation, and shape of its slenderly stalked leaves, nearly equally lobed calyx, relatively smaller petals, and longer style. 34. Cuphea liebmaimii, Koehne in Fl. Bras. fasc. lxxiii. p. 231. South Mexico, Chiapas (Ghiesbreght, 713). Hb. Kew. 35. Cuphea lobophora, Koehne in Fl. Bras. fasc. lxxiii. p. 235. South Mexico, Oaxaca (Ghiesbreght, 107). Hb. Kew. 36. Cuphea lophostoma, Koehne in Fl. Bras. fasc. lxxiii. p. 233. South Mexico, Guaxatlan, &c. (Schiede). Hb. Berol. 37. Cuphea micropetala, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 209, t. 551. Cuphea eminens, PI. et Lind. Fl. des Serres, t. 994. Cuphea jorullensis, Bot. Mag. t. 5232, nee H. B. K. South Mexico, Oaxaca (Ghiesbreght, 101), Cuernavaca, Iturbide (Bourgeau, 1251), between Chalco and Gonacatepec (Andrieux, 380), Sierra San Pedro Nolasco &c. (Jurgensen, 727), Guanaxuato (Humboldt & Bonpland), Ario (Ehrenberg), near Cuantla (Sartorius), without locality ( JJhde). Hb. Kew. 38. Cuphea micrOStyla, Koehne, Fl. Bras. fasc. lxxiii. p. 224. South Mexico, between Galera and Pochutla, Oaxaca (Liebmann); Guatemala (Skinner) ; Costa Rica, near San Jose (Hoffmann, 224 ; Polakowsky). Hb. Kew. 39. Cuphea mimuloides, Schl. et Ch. in Linnsea, v. p. 570. Cuphea gratioloides, Griseb. South Mexico, in wet places near Mesachica (Schiede & Deppe). — Also in Cuba and Guiana. Hb. Berol. 40. Cuphea miniata, Brong. Flore des Serres, ii. t. 9. Mexico, only cultivated specimens seen. Hb. Kew. 3Z2 444 LYTHEACEjE. 41. Cuphea nitidula, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 206. Cuphea donkelarii, Hort. South Mexico, Jalapa, 4200 feet {Humboldt & Bonpland ; Oaleotti, 2990 ; Coulter, 155; Mutter, 1227; Linden, 616), Orizaba (Bourgeau, 3164; Botteri, 631, 1138, and 1140 ; Mutter, 463), Hacienda de la Laguna (Schiede), Mirador (Liebmann), valley of Coidova (Bourgeau, 1595). Hb. Kew. 42. Cuphea (§ Diploptychia, Koehne) nudicOStata, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 3, p. 52. Herbacea, ramulis petiolisque longe glanduloso-pilosis, foliis oppositis longiuscule petiolatis lanceo- lato-oblongis utrinque asperis et brevissime setosis simul strigosis, floribus axillaribus, calycis tubo extus dense glanduloso-piloso intus glabro, dentibus cum appendicibus longe setosis alter- nantibus, petalis 6 inaequalibus, staminibus 11 omnibus exsertis, ovulis octo. Herba annua vel perennis, erecta, ramis subangulatis petiolisque longe glanduloso-pilosis, pilis purpureis. Folia opposita, petiolata; lamina lanceolato-oblonga, usque tripollicaris, acuta, utrinque aspera et brevissime setosa, simul strigosa, venis lateralibus primariis subtus prominulis; petiolus teres, graciliusculus, circiter sesquipollicaris. Flores axillares, breviter pedunculati; calycis tubus latus, rectus, circiter pollicaris, longiuscule calcaratus, extus dense et longiuscule glanduloso-pilosus, intus glaber, costis duabus longitudinalibus a staminibus duobus brevibus excurrentibus, calcari recto rotundato crasso, ore obliquo, dentibus fere sequalibus, cum appendicibus longe setosis alternantibus ; petala 6, insequalia, 2 dorsalia 5-6 lin. longa, basi glandulis parvis crassis totidem suffulta; stamina 11, omnia exserta; filamenta basi parcis- sime barbata ; discus crassus, deflexus ; ovarium glabrum, 8-ovulatum. Fructus maturus a nobis non visus. South Mexico, Ciudad Eeal (Linden, 664). Hb. Kew. The material from which the foregoing description was drawn up is very meagre ; but the species is quite distinct from the two or three others known of the same section. 43. Cuphea OrthodlSCa, Koehne in Fl. Bras. fasc. lxxiii. p. 224. Mexico. v 44. Cuphea (§ Enantiocuphea) panamensis, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 3, p. 52. Suffruticosa, nana, ramulis junioribus puberulis exceptis glaberrima, foliis oppositis lineari-lanceolatis usque bipollicaribus, floribus parvis graciliter pedunculatis, calycis tubo curvo per anthesin dorso ad medium intruso, lobis brevibus dorsali saltern duplo majore, petalis 6 subtequalibus, staminibus 11, filamentis^barbatis, ovario dorso hirsute, capsula oblonga 50-60-sperma, semi- nibus subglobosis. \ Suffrutex, basi ramosus, adscendens, pedalis vel ultra, ramulis ultimis floriferis, gracilibus, fere filiformibus, parce puberulis, internodiis brevibus. Folia opposita, sessilia vel brevissime petiolata, membranacea, lineari-lanceolata, 1-2-pollicaria, vix acuta, utrinque glaberrima subtus costa rubra, elevata. Flores oppositi, pedunculati, interpetiolares, 5-6 lineas longi- pedunculi valde filiformes, 5-10 lineas longi; calycis tubus 4-5 lineas longus, curvus^ dorso ad medium intrusus, extus glaber prominenter 12-costatus, intus hirsutus, basi leviter gibbosus nee calcaratus; lobi brevi, iuaequales, subobtusi, dorsali rotundato saltern duplo LTTHEACE^E. 445 majore; petala 6, subsequalia, oblongo-obovata ; stamina 11, inclusa, 2 dorsalia inferiora, filamentis barbatis; ovarium dorso birsutum, stylo brevi incluso; discus brevis, annulatus. Capsula oblonga, glabra, 50-60-sperma ; semina subglobosa. — Cuphea gracilis, Seem. Bot. Voy. 'Herald/ p. 121, nee H. B. K. Panama, on rocks in rivers near Panama (Seemann, 1222). Hb. Kew. This species is closely allied to C. utriculosa, Koehne, and C. rivularis, Seem., differing from the former in its larger flowers, unequal calyx-lobes, insertion of the stamens, &c, and from the latter in being almost glabrous, and in its longer, very slender peduncles. According to Koehne, the species of this section have only nine sta- mens ; but we have found eleven in all the specimens of the species we have examined. 45. Cuphea palustris, Koehne in Fl. Bras. fasc. lxxiii. p. 232. Mexico, region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 2508). Hb. Paris. 46. Cuphea pinetomm, Benth. PI. Hartw. p. 74. Cuphea cinnabarina, Planch. Fl. des Serres, v. t. 527. South Mexico, Chiapas (Ghiesbreght, 710 and 714) ; Guatemala, in pine-woods near San Ramon (Hartweg, 529), Duehas (Salvin & Godman), between Jutiapa and Lake Ayarces (Bernoulli, 660), without locality (Skinner). Hb. Kew. Obs. Petala nunc subsequalia, nunc 4 anteriora minuta. 47. Cuphea procumbens, Cav. Ic. iv. p. 35, t. 380; Bot. Eeg. 1. 1981. Cuphea purpurea, Hort. South Mexico, in pastures, Anganguio (Hartweg), Orizaba (Botteri, 809), Chiapas (Linden, 661), Consoquitla, Mirador (Liebmann), Jalapa, 4000 feet (Galeotti, 2982), Vera Cruz to Orizaba (Mutter, 96), Cuantla (Schiede), Sierra de Guadalupe (Chrisman), without localities (Zfhde, Sartorius, & Aschenborn). Hb. Kew. 48. Cuphea (§ Melvilla) propinqua, Hemsley, Diag. PL Nov. pars 3, p. 53. Suffruticosa vel herbacea, ramis crassis densissime patenti-setosis, foliis oppositis vel ternatim ver- ticillatis oblongo-lanceolatis scaberrimis, floribus racemosis, calycis tubo rubro-purpureo extus dense setoso intus glabro, petalis 6 quorum 2 dorsalia multo majora, staminibus 11, ovulis ad 7. Suffrutex vel herba, ramis crassis, densissime patenti-setosis, setis longis, rubro-purpureis. Folia opposita vel ternatim verticillata (inferiora a nobis non visa), breviter petiolata, oblongo- lanceolata, bipollicaria et ultra, obtusiuscula, scaberrima, tuberculoso-setulosa et parce stri- gosa, setulis brevissimis. Flores racemosi, pedicillati ; pedicelli 2-3 lin. longi, apice bibracte- olati ; calycis tubus fere rectus, rubro-purpureus, vix pollicaris, longiuscule calcaratus, extus dense setosus, intus glaber, calcari constricto, valde recurvo, dentibus inappendiculatis sed valde setoso-ciliatis, ore obliquo ; petala 6, quorum 2 dorsalia 3-4 lineas longa, longiuscule unguiculata, obovata, basi glandulis crassis parvis suffulta, 4 ventralia linearia dimidio bre- vioraj stamina 11, exserta, filamentis praeter 2 dorsalia medio barbata glabris; ovarium glabrum, ad 7-ovulatum. Capsula ssepe 2-4-sperma ; semina orbicularia. Mexico, without locality (Bates). Hb. Kew. Closely allied to C.jorullensis, but differing in the upper petals being larger than 446 LYTHEACE^. the others, and in the smaller number of ovules. It is also near C. heterophylla, which has not the stout shaggy stems of our species. ''49. Cuphea rivnlaris, Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald,' p. 121. Panama, Tole, Veraguas (Seemann, 1223). Hb. Kew. 50. Cuphea salicifblia, Ch. et Schl. in Linnaea, v. p. 569. South Mexico, on the banks of rivers and rivulets near Misantla and Papantla (Schiede & Deppe), Los Banos (Heller), valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 2111), Colipa and Mirador, Vera Cruz (Liebmann), Orizaba (Botteri, 925; Muller, 1044; Bourgeau, 3101). Hb. Kew. 51. Cuphea secundiflora, DC. Prodr. iii. p. 84 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 322. Mexico. 52. Cuphea serpyllifolia, Koehne in Fl. Bras. fasc. Ixxiii. p. 223. South Mexico, Sierra San Pedro Nolasco &c. (Jurgensen, 793). — Venezuela; Colombia. Hb. Kew. 53. Cuphea setosa, Koehne in Fl. Bras. fasc. Ixxiii. p. 223. Mexico, Sierra San Pedro Nolasco &c. (Jurgensen, 803 and 652), without locality (Salle). — Colombia; Peku. Hb. Kew. 54. Cuphea spicata, Cav. Ic. iv. p. 56, t. 381. South Mexico, Jalapa (Schiede, 573), Mirador (Wawra, 1049), without locality (Sartorius), valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1594), Jalapa, 4000 feet (Galeotti, 2991), Mirador (Linden, 620), Colipa (Liebmann), without locality (Harris, Jurgensen, 652, in part). — West Indies, and common in South America, extending to Uruguay and Chili. Hb. Kew. 55. Cuphea SquamuHgera, Koehne in Fl. Bras. fasc. Ixxiii. p. 235. South Mexico, ravines of Morelia, 4000 feet (Galeotti, 3017). Hb. Kew. 56. Cuphea Subuligera, Koehne in Fl. Bras. fasc. Ixxiii. p. 231. Mexico (ex Koehne). 57. Cuphea tenella, Hook, et Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 289. South Mexico, Tepic (Barclay). Hb. Kew. Koehne doubtfully refers this slender annual species to the very different half- shrubby C. utriculosa. 58. Cuphea ternata, Peyr. in Linnaea, xxx. p. 71. South Mexico, Toluca, 6000 feet (Heller). Koebne refers this to C. heterophylla, Benth., from which it seems to differ. 59. Cuphea tetrapetala, Koehne in Fl. Bras. fasc. Ixxiii. p. 223. South Mexico, Teapa (Linden, 660), Sierra San Pedro Nolasco &c. (Jurgensen, 653), without locality (Sails).— Colombia. Hb. Kew. LYTHEACEiE. 447 60. Cuphea Utriculosa, Koehne in Fl. Bras. fasc. lxxiii. p. 222. South Mexico, Teapa (Linden, 662) ; Guatemala, Mazatenango (Bernoulli, 53), without locality (Skinner); Nicaragua, Chontales (Seemann, 43; Tate, 309); Costa Pica, Ojo de Agua (Hoffmann, 396 ; Entires, 140). Hb. Kew. Koehne (loc. cit.) doubtfully refers C. tenella, Hook, et Arn., which he had probably not seen, to this species ; but they are totally distinct. 61. Cuphea wrightii, A. Gray, PI. Wright, ii. p. 56. Cuphea tolukana, Peyritsch. New Mexico. — North Mexico, between Bobocomori and Santa Cruz, Sonora ( Wright) ; South Mexico, extinct volcano of Batea, between 6000 and 6800 feet (Guillemin- Tarayre), valley of Mexico (Schaffner, 432 ; Bourgeau, 611), region of Orizaba (Bour- geau, 2829; Botteri, 808), Oaxaca (GhiesbregM, 105). Hb. Kew. 62. Cuphea zimapani, Eoezl,exBegelinSupp.adInd.Sem.Hort.Petr.l868,p.l5. Cuphea lanceolata, Bot. Mag. t. 6412, nee Ait. South Mexico. Hb. Kew. 63. Cuphea, sp. South Mexico, Orizaba (BilimeTc, 313 a). Hb. Kew. 64. Cuphea, sp. (aff. C. nitidulce, H. B. K). South Mexico, Chiapas (GhiesbregM, 717). Hb. Kew. 5. LYTHEUM. Lythrum, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 604; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 779. Widely dispersed herbs. Numerous forms have been described ; but Bentham and Hooker estimate the number of distinct species at about twelve. 1. Lythrum alatum, Pursh, PI. Am. Sept. i. p. 334. Prom Canada southward, chiefly in the Eastern and Southern States, to — North Mexico, Sonora (Torrey), common along the Eio Grande (Mex. Bound. Survey, 354) ; South Mexico, at Sanchez, in the district of Mineral del Monte (Ehrenberg). Hb. Kew. 2. Lythrum album, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 193. South Mexico, near Salamanca, 5400 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland). 3. Lythrum gracile, Benth. PI. Hartw. p. 7. North Mexico, Zacatecas (Hartweg, 27), San Luis Potosi (Virlet d'Aoust; Parry & Palmer, 245) ; South Mexico, ravines, Guadalaxara (Galeotti, 3011), Orizaba, 7500 to 8000 feet (Heller, 204). Hb. Kew. 4. Lythrum hyssopifolia, Linn. Sp. p. 642. A very widely distributed plant in the temperate subtropical regions of nearly all parts of the world, including North Mexico, Monterey (Eaton & Edwards, 28), Sonora Alta (Coulter, 140). Hb. Kew. 448 LYTHRACEM. 5. Lythrum kennedianum, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p 194. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 243) ; South Mexico, valley of Mexico (Schqffher, 536). Hb. Kew. 6. Lythrum rnaritimum, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 194. Tropical and Subtropical North and South Ameeica and the Sandwich Islands. — Mexico, Jalapa (Linden, 614 ; Galeotti, 2987), Papantla (Sckiede & Deppe), Orizaba (Botteri, 613 ; Bourgeau, 2567 ; Muller, 1660). Hb. Kew. ^ 7. Lythrum, sp. Guatemala, Duefias, Volcan de Fuego (Salvin). Hb. Kew. 6. NES^EA. Nestna, Commers. ex Juss. Gen. Plant, p. 332, sub Lythro; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 779. About twelve herbaceous and shrubby species, natives of the warm parts of Africa and America. 1. Nesaea salicifolia, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 192 ; Hook. Ic. PI. t. 54 b. Heimia salicifolia, Link et Otto in Link, Ic. i. t. 28. North Mexico, Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Eaton & Edwards), Camargo to Monterey and Queretaro (Gregg), Zacatecas (Coulter, 146), region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 246) ; South Mexico, rivulets of Misteca Alta, 7000 feet (Galeotti, 2998), Zimapan (Galeotti, 3013), about Oaxaca (Andrieux, 396), Barranca of Cuernavaca, Iturbide (Bourgeau, 1262 ; Bilimek, 166). — Also in South America, southward to Uruguay. Hb. Kew. 2. Nesaea Syphilitica, DC. Prodr. iii. p. 89, sub Heimia; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 326. Mexico, at Yechpixtla (Mogino & SessS). 7. LAFOENSIA. Lafoemia, Vandelli in Roem. Script, p. 112; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 781. Six or eight species of shrubs or small trees, inhabiting Brazil and Colombia. 1. Lafbensia punicifolia, A. DC. Mem. Soc. Hort. Gen. iii. pars 2, p. 86, 1. 1. Panama, near Mamei railway-station (S. Hayes, 170).— Colombia and Venezuela to Brazil. Hb. Kew. [8. LAWSONIA Lawsonia, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 482; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 782. Limited to tbe following species, a native of the Old World. 1. Lawsonia alba, Lam. Diet. iii. p. 106 ; Wight, Ic. PL Ind. Or. i. t. 87. South Mexico, Yucatan and Tabasco (Johnson) ; Guatemala (Friedrichsthal) ; Costa LYTHEACE^E. 449 Eica, Puntarenas (S. Hayes, 454). — Widely dispersed over Tropical and Subtropical Asia and Africa ; also occurring in North Australia, and cultivated and naturalized in America. Hb. Kew.] 9. ANTHEEYLIUM. Antherylium, Rohr et Vahl, Skrift af Nat. Selsk. Hafn. ii. pars 1, p. 211, t. 8 ; Benth. et Hook. Gfen. Plant, i. p. 782. The genus is at present limited to two shrubby or arboreous species. The other one is a native of St. Thomas and Porto Eico. 1. Antherylium nudiflorum, Hemsley, Diag. PL Nov. pars 1, p. 13. (Tab. XXVII.) Inerme, per anthesin aphyllum, foliis non visis, floribus glabris subumbellatim fasciculatis vel corymbosis pedicellatis. Arbor vel frutex, ramulis teretibus, glabris, inermibus, per antbesin aphylHs. Folia .... Mores glabri, longe pedicellati, ad 7-8 lin. diametro, subumbellatim fasciculati vel corymbosi ; pedi- celli graciles, 4-6 lin. longi, basi parvibracteati, apice infra florem bibracteolati, bracteolis par- vissimis ; calyx 4- (rarissime 5-) lobus ; tubus hemisphaericus ; lobi ovato-lanceolati, acuti, tubo duplo longiores ; petala 4 (rarissime 5), brevissime unguiculata, corrugata, patentia; stamina numerosissima, uniseriata, filamentis filiformibus ; ovarium glabrum, subglobosum, membra- naceum, 4-sulcatum, uniloculare, stylo filiformi, elongato, stigmate truncato ; ovula minuta, numerosissima. South Mexico, without locality (Jurgensen, 956). Hb. Kew. EXPLANATION OF TAB. XXVII. A branch, natural size. Fig. 1, a pentamerous flower; 2, a tetramerous flower; 3, ovary; 4, ovary and portion of calyx, showing the insertion of the stamens. Order LVII. ONAGRARIE^. Onagrariem, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 785. There are about 300 species of this family, belonging to twenty-two genera. They are chiefly herbaceous plants, with the exception of Fuchsia ; and a very few attain the dimensions of trees. Generally dispersed in temperate regions, and finding their greatest concentration in North America, Mexico, and the Andes of South America. 1. EPILOBIUM. Epilobium, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 471 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 787. Herbs or undershrubs. About fifty species, generally dispersed in cold and tem- perate regions, and especially abundant in New Zealand. Some of the species have a very wide range. biol. cent.-ambr., Bot. Vol. 1, June 1880. 3 m 450 ONAGBAELELE. 1. Epilobium brachycarpum, Presl, Eeliq. Hsenk. ii. p. 30; Walp. Rep. ii. p. 92. Mexico (Hcenke). 2. Epilobium COloratum, Muhl. in Willd. Enum. i. p. 411. New Mexico; Texas. — North Mexico, Canon Guadalupe, Sonora (Smith). 3. Epilobium mexicanum, DC. Prodr. iil- p. 41; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 379. South Mexico, in ditches near Tacubaya (Bourgeau, 42), Zimapan (Coulter, 161), at the foot of Mount Orizaba, and on the aqueduct near El Palinque (Schiede & Beppe), Mineral del Monte, by brooks near San Pedro and San Pablo (Ehrenberg). Hb. Kew. 4. Epilobium repens, Schl. in Linnsea, xii. p. 267. South Mexico, at the foot of the Yolcan de Orizaba (Schiede). 2. JUSSIAEA. Jussiaea, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 538 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 788. Herbaceous plants, usually growing in water or marshy places. About thirty species, generally dispersed in tropical and subtropical countries, but most numerous in America. 1 1. Jussiaea affinis, DC. Prodr. iii. p. 53. Guatemala, Mazatenango (Bernoulli^ 583) ; Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 115), with- out locality (Seemann, 576). — Widely diffused in Tropical America. Hb. Kew. 2. Jussiaea alata, Presl, Eeliq. Haenk. ii. p. 34. South Mexico (Hcenke). Is 3. Jussiaea angustifolia, Lam. Diet. iii. p. 331 ; 111. t. 280. fig. 3. South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1880), Orizaba (Botteri, 747 ; Milller, 995); Nicaragua, Grey town (Tate, 17); Panama, Empire railway-station (S. Hayes, 329), Chagres (Fendler, 116). — A common species in many parts of Tropical America; also in Asia and Africa. Hb. Kew. 4. Jussiaea Calycina, Presl, Reliq. Haenk. ii. p. 34. Mexico (Hcenke). 5. Jussiaea hirsuta, Presl, Eeliq. Hsenk. ii. p. 34. Mexico (Hcenke). 6. Jussiaea hirsuta, Mill. Diet. n. 5 ; DC. Prodr. iii. p. 58. South Mexico, Campeche. 7. Jussiaea hirta, Vahl, Eclog. ii. p. 31; DC. Prodr. iii. p. 57. Costa Eica (Endres). — South America. Hb. Kew. 8. Jussiaea nervosa, Poir. Suppl. ii. p. 199 ; DC. Prodr. iii. p. 56. Panama, Veraguas (Seemann, 1224). — Colombia, Guiana, and Brazil. Hb. Kew. ONAGEAKIE.&. 451 9. Jussiaea OCtofila, DC. Prodr. iii. p. 57. Jussieea ligustrifolia, H. B. K. Jussieea occidentalis, Nutt. Jussiaea persicarieefolia, Schl. ? Noeth Mexico, Zacatecas (Hartweg) ; South Mexico, neighbourhood of Oaxaca (An- drieux, 388), Vera Cruz {Linden, 636), Mirador, 3000 feet (Heller), Hacienda de la Laguna (Schiede); Nicaragua, banks of streams in the neighbourhood of Granada {Levy) ; Costa Rica, ditches near San Jose (Polakowsky) ; Panama, without precise locality (Sinclair). — A common plant in Tropical and Subtropical America. Hb. Kew. Grisebach refers this to J. suffruticosa. 10. Jussiaea peploides, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 97. South Mexico, Lakes near Oaxaca (Galeotti, 3023), Tepic, Jalisco (Lay & Collie). — Colombia and Peru. Hb. Kew. Perhaps only a variety of the next, or of J. repens. 11. Jussiaaa peruviana, Linn. Sp. PL p. 555 ; DC. Prodr. iii. p. 353. Jussieea macrocarpa, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 102, t. 533. South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 2046), Orizaba (Botteri, 745), Jalapa (Schiede) ; Guatemala, Duenas, Volcan de Fuego (Salvin & Godman) ; Costa Eica, without locality (Endres), in meadows, San Jose (Polakowsky). — Common southward to Peru and in the West Indies. Hb. Kew. 12. Jussiaea polygonoides, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 97. South Mexico, in running water near Hacienda de Laguna (Schiede & Deppe), Mineral del Monte (Ehrenberg). — Colombia. Hb. Kew. 13. Jussiaea repens, Linn. Mant. p. 381 ; DC. Prodr. iii. p. 54. Jussieea swartziana, DC. North Mexico, Sonora Alta (Coulter, 183), region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 247) ; South Mexico, Tacubaya (Bourgeau, 37), Orizaba (Bot- teri, 748), Zimapan (Coulter) ; Guatemala, Duenas, Volcan de Fuego (Salvin) ; San Salvador (Bernoulli, 4). — A very widely diffused species in Tropical and Subtropical Countries. Hb. Kew. 14. Jussiaea salicifolia, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 99, t. 530. South Mexico, Acapulco (Hcenke). — Colombia. 15. Jussiaea sedoides, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 98. Panama, near the village of Anton (Seemann). — Southward to Peru and Brazil and in Jamaica. Hb. Kew. 16. Jussiaea sufiruticosa, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 555 ; DC. Prodr. iii. pp. 57, 58. Jussieea villosa, Lam. Diet. iii. p. 331. Jussieea erecta, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 556. 3m2 452 ONAGEAEIE^;. South Mexico, Mazatlan (Coulter, 181), Cuernavaca (Bilimeh, 158), Vera Cruz to Orizaba (Muller). — Common in most Tropical Countries. Hb. Kew. 17. JussiaBa tomentosa, St.-Hil. Fl. Bras. Merid. ii. p. 254. South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 2046), region of Orizaba (Bourgeau). — Southward to Buenos Ayres. Hb. Kew. 18. JllSSiaea venosa, Presl, Eeliq. Heenk. ii. p. 33. Mexico (Hcenlce). \j 19. Jussiaea, sp. Q.Jussicea angusUfolia, var.). Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 114). Hb. Kew. " 20. Jussiasa, sp. Nicaragua, Chontales (Tate, 6). Hb. Kew. i/ 21. Jussiaea, sp. Guatemala, Duenas (Salvin, 1). Hb. Kew. v 22. Jussiaea, sp. Guatemala, Dueflas (Salvin, 2). Hb. Kew. The actual number of species in Mexico and Central America is probably not more than ten or twelve. 3. LUDWIGIA. Ludwigia, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 153; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 788. About twenty herbaceous species, the greater part inhabiting North America, a few occurring in the Old World. 1. Ludwigia palustris, Ell. Sk. i. p. 214; Torr. & Gr. El. N. Am. i. p. 525. Isnardia palustris, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 175 ; DC. Prodr. hi. p. 61. Canada and Oregon southward to — South Mexico, Cuesta Grande de Chiconquiaco (Schiede). — Central and Southern Europe, Northern Africa, and Central Asia. Hb., Kew. 4. C3NOTHEKA. GEnothera, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 469 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p 789. About 100 species, with few exceptions herbaceous plants, and all, except one Tas- manian species, indigenous only in America, though now some of them are widely dispersed in other countries. They inhabit temperate and subtropical regions both in the north and south. 1. (Enothera albicaulis, Nutt. in Am. Journ. Sc. ser. 2, xxxiv. p. 334. Oenothera pallida, Dougl. Bot. Keg. t. 1142. Western States of North America to — Mexico. Hb. Kew. ONAGEAEIILE. 453 2. (Enothera berlandieri, Waip. Eep. Bot. ii. p. 85. Xylopleurum berlandieri, Spach in Nouv. Ann. Mus. iv. p. 369. Mexico (Berlandier). 3. (Enothera biennis, Linn. Sp. Pi. p. 492. This has a wide range in temperate North America, southward to — South Mexico, valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 564) ; Guatemala, Eio Guacalate (Salviri). It is also naturalized in many parts of the Old World. Var. hirsutissima, A. Gray, PI. Fendl. i. p. 43, in adnot. North Mexico, Chihuahua (Thurber), Sonora (Wright). Hb. Kew. 4. (Enothera brachycarpa, A. Gray, Pi. Wright, i. p. 70. Texas ; New Mexico. — North Mexico. Hb. Kew. 5. (Enothera chamaenerioides, A. Gray, Pi. Wright, ii. p. 58. Utah, southward to— North Mexico, San Bernardino and Santa Maria, Chihuahua (Parry). Hb. Kew. 6. (Enothera CUprea, Schl. in Linnaja, xii. p. 269. South Mexico, in elevated pastures, Orizaba (Schiede). 7. (Enothera dentata, Cav. Ic. iv. p. 67, t. 398 ; DC. Prodr. iii. p. 46. (Enothera micrantha, Spreng. Mexico (Bates). — Peru ; Chili. Hb. Kew. 8. (Enothera elata, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 90. Mexico ] (Humboldt & Bonpland). Spec, ex Hort. Bot. Petrop. in Hb. Kew. 9. (Enothera ganrseflora, Torr. & Gr. Fl. N. Amer. i. p. 510. California. — North Mexico, Sonora (Schott). 10. (Enothera greggii, A. Gray, PI. Fendl. i. p. 48, in adnot. North Mexico, hills south-east of Pelazo, Chihuahua (Gregg). 11. (Enothera hartwegii, Benth. PI. Hartw. p. 5. (Enothera fendleri, A. Gray. New Mexico.— :North Mexico, Zacatecas (Hartweg), without habitat (Gregg). Hb. Kew. 12. (Enothera hirsuta, Walp. Eep. Bot. ii. p. 85. Xylopleurum hirsutum, Spach. Mexico. 13. (Enothera latiflora, Ser. in DC. Prodr. iii. p. 50; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 376. Mexico. " This should probably be referred to (Enothera tetraptera, A. DC." — Seringe, loc. tit. 454 ONAGEAEIEiE. 14. (Enothera littoralis, Schl. in Linnaea, xii. p. 268. South Mexico, on the sandy sea-shore between Tecoluta and Nantla (Ehrenberg). 15. (Enothera macrosceles, A. Gray, PI. Fendl. i. p. 43, in adnot. North Mexico, marshy borders of springs, Ojo de Vaca, San Jose, San Bernardo and Pelayo (Gregg). 16. (Enothera (Allochroa) mexicana, Spach, Nouv. Ann. Mus. iv. p. 347; Walp. Eep. ii. p. 81. Texas. — Mexico, without special habitat (Aschenbom, 48). 17. (Enothera micrantha, Walp. Eep. Bot. ii. p. 84. (Enothera pinnatifida, Hort., nee H. B. K. Mexico. 18. (Enothera pinnatifida, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 91. South Mexico, near Actopan, at 6250 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland). 19. (Enothera rosea, Ait. Hort. Kew. ii. p. 3; DC. Prodr. iii. p. 51. Texas ; New Mexico. — North Mexico, valley of the Santa Cruz, Sonora (Schott), Zacatecas (Coulter, 165), region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 251) ; South Mexico, vicinity of Toluca (Andrieux, 386), Jalapa (Linden, 624 ; Galeotti, 3032), Keal del Monte, 8000 feet (Galeotti, 3050), Ciudad Eeal (Linden, 679), region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 2413) ; Guatemala, Duenas, Volcan de Fuego, 5000 feet (Salvin, Bernoulli, 163). — Also in Colombia and some of the West-Indian Islands. Naturalized in Tropical Africa, India, and the Canary Islands. Hb. Kew. 20. (Enothera simsiana, Ser. in DC. Prodr. iii. p. 47. (Enothera corymbosa, Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1974, nee Lam. (Enothera spectabilis, Spach. Mexico. 21. (Enothera Sinnata, Michx. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. p. 224 ; DC. Prodr. iii. p. 48. Southern States of North America. — North Mexico, San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 253), Zacatecas (Hartweg, 11), without locality (Gregg, 652) ; South Mexico, valley of Mexico, Tacubaya (Bourgeau, 43, 298), Eeal del Monte (Coulter, 170), Misteca Alta, 7000 feet (Galeotti, 3050), Jalapa (Schiede & Deppe), between Mexico and Pachuca (Ehrenberg). Hb. Kew. 22. (Enothera Speciosa, Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Philadelph. ii. p. 119; Bot. Mag. t. 3189. Arkansas; Texas.— North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 252). Hb. Kew. ^23. (Enothera tetraptera, Cav. Ic. iii. p. 40, t. 279; DC. Prodr. iii. p. 50. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 250) ; ONAGKAEIEA 455 South Mexico, valley of Mexico (Bourgeon, 42, 44, 300), near Jalapa (Schiede & Deppe ; Galeotti, 3033; Linden, 623), Zimapan {Coulter, 166, 169) ; Guatemala, in ditches, Llano (Bernoulli, 350). — Venezuela. Hb. Kew. Naturalized in India. 24. (Enothera triloba, Nutt. in Torr. & Gr. Fl. N. Am. i. p. 499. Saskatchewan southward to — North Mexico, dry bed of lake Gusman, Chihuahua (Bigelow), valley between the Salada and Lake Santa Maria, Chihuahua (Wright). Hb. Kew. 25. (Enothera ? tubifera, Ser. in DC. Prodr. iii. p. 50 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 377. Mexico (Mogino & SessS), % between Eegla and Atotonilco el Grande (Ehrenberg). 26. (Enothera, sp. North Mexico, neighbourhood of Matamoras (Berlmidier, 2289). Hb. Kew. 27. (Enothera, sp. South Mexico, Peak of Orizaba, 10,000 feet (Linden, 623 ; Galeotti, 3027), mountains of Oaxaca, at 6000 to 7500 feet (Galeotti, 3041). Hb. Kew. 28. (Enothera, sp. South Mexico, vicinity of Toluca (Andrieux, 385). Hb. Kew. 29. (Enothera, sp. Costa Rica, without special locality (JEndres, 255). Hb. Kew. 30. (Enothera, sp. South Mexico, without locality (Salle). Hb. Kew. 31. (Enothera, sp. Guatemala, ridge above Calderas, 8300 feet (Salvin). Hb. Kew. 32. (Enothera, sp. North Mexico, Santa Fe (Bourgeau, 296). Hb. Kew. 33. (Enothera, sp. Costa Rica, without locality (Endres, 100). Hb. Kew. 34. (Enothera, sp. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 248). Hb. Kew. 35. (Enothera, sp. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 249). Hb. Kew. 456 ONAGEAKIE^. 5. FUCHSIA. Fuchsia, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 128; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 790. Shrubs and undershrubs, or rarely arboreous. There are about seventy species, with the exception of three or four endemic in New Zealand, restricted to America, ranging from Mexico to Patagonia, and most numerous in the mountainous regions on the western side. 1. Fuchsia arborescens, Sims (char, amplif.); Hemsl. Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 13. Poliis amplis oppositis ternisve, floribus parvis erectis in paniculas amplas terminates dispositis, paniculis multifloris trichotomis. Arbor excelsa (vel inter dum /rate), novellis glabris aut plus minusve pubescentibus. Folia petiolata, membranacea, lanceolata, 3-7-pollicaria, utrinque acuta, integra vel serrulata, ssepissime glaber- rima, interdum subtus pubescentia, petiolo semi- usque sesquipollicari, stipulis minutis. Flores rosei vel purpurei, parvi, semipollicares, erecti, pedicellati, in paniculas densas tricbotomas ter- minales dispositi ; calycis tubus cybndricus, lobi lineares patentes, tubum sequantes ; petala calycis lobis similbma, paulo breviora; stamina petalis breviora, alterna breviora; ovarium globosum, stylo exserto, stigmate crasso cruciatim 4-lobato. — Bot. Mag. t. 2620. F. syringte- flora, Kev. Hort. 1873, p. 311, cum icone colorata ; F. paniculata, Lindl. Gard. Cbron. 1856, p. 301. South Mexico, San Bartolo (Linden, 676), Jilatepec (Linden, 628), Jalapa (Galeotti), Cuesta Grande de Jalacingo, Barranca de Tioselo, and between Tioselo and Jicochimalco (Schiede), near the city of Mexico (Hegewiseh, Muhlenpfordt), without habitat (Jurgen- sen, 530), Cordillera of Oaxaca, Pacific side, 7500 feet (Galeotti, 3038) ; Guatemala, ridge above Calderas, 8300 feet (Salvin 8f Godman), without precise locality (Skinner). Hb. Kew. 2. Fuchsia hacillaris, Lindl.; Hemsl. Diag. PL Nov. pars i. p. 14 (char, amplif.). Glabrescens, fobis calloso-serrulatis, floribus parvis axillaribus sobtariis geminis ternatisve, calycis lobis patentibus longe apiculatis, petalis ellipticis rotundatisve truncatis vel retusis patentibus. Frutex glaberrimus vel novellis parce pilosulis, ramulis gracibbus teretibus. Folia petiolata, ssepissime opposita, vix coriacea, cito glaberrima, calloso-serrulata, lanceolata, ovata, elbptica vel fere rotundata, 1-2-polbcaria, obtusa vel acuta, petiolo gracib, 3-6 bn. longo. Flores pedunculati, axillares, sobtarii, gemini vel terni, ad 6 lin. longi et diametro ; calycis tubus latus, supra ovarium constrictus ; lobi longe apiculati, patentes, tubo aequales ; petala late elbptica vel fere rotimdata, apice truncata vel retusa ; stamina fere sessiba ; ovarium elhp- soideum, stylo vix exserto, stigmate prof unde cruciatim 4-lobato. — Bot. Jxeq. 1. 1480 ; Bot. Mag. t. 4506. Mexico (according to Lindley this Fuchsia was raised from Mexican seeds communicated by J. S. Mill, Esq., to Mr. Barnard) ; Guatemala, Volcan de Agua, 8000 feet (Salvin & Godman), Volcan de Fuego, 8300 feet (Salvin), Duefias (Fraser). Hb. Kew. In its small flowers with spreading petals and sepals this comes nearest to F. thymi- folia, from which it differs abundantly in its foliage. The specimens do not agree ONAGKAKIE^. 457 exactly, especially in foliage, with the cultivated plant; but the flowers present no differences of importance. 3. Fuchsia COrdifolia, Bth. ; Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 14. Foliis cordatis cito glabrescentibus, floribus axillaribus longe pedunculatis, calycis tubo vix attenuato basi ventricoso, petalis tertia parte brevioribus quam lobi calycis ovato-rotundatis abrupte acuminatis. Frutex 5-6-pedalis, novellis sparse puberulis, cseteris glaberriiuis. Folia opposita, petiolata, mem- branacea, cordato-ovata, 4-5-pollicaria, acuminata, acuta, calloso-serrulata, petiolo gracillimo, li-2i-pollicari. Flores puberuli, pedunculati, nutantes, axillares, solitarii, sine ovario ad 2-23-pollicares, pedunculis 1^-2^-pollicaribus ; calycis tubus basi ventricosus, vix deorsum attenuatus, extus puberulus, intus glaberrimus; lobi lanceolati valde acuti, tubo ad triplo breviores ; petala ovato-rotundata, abrupte acuminata, calycis lobis triente breviora ; stamina paulo exserta; ovarium puberulum, stylo glabro, exserto, stigmate clavato. Fructus (teste Hartwegio) 1-1^-pollicaris, coloratus. — Benth. PI. Hartw. p. 74; Bot. Reg. 1841, t. 70. Guatemala, about 10,000 feet above the sea (Hartweg, 528). Hb. Kew. Allied to F. splendens, but differing in being almost glabrous, in the flowers being longer, and in the petals being broader. 4. Fuchsia flllgens, DC. (char, amplif.) ; Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 14. Fotiis ampbssimis glabrescentibus cordato-ovatis, floribus longissimis in racemos terminales nutantes dispositis, staminibus breviter exsertis. Suffrutex, ramis crassis, carnosis, glabris. Folia ssepissime opposita, longe petiolata, molliter herbacea, primum plus minusve pubescentia, deinde glaberrima, ovato-cordata, 6-pollicaria vel ultra, serrulata, acuta, petiolo 1-2 poll, vel ultra longo. Flores puberuli, pedicellati, 2^- 3-pollicares, in racemos elongatos terminales nutantes dispositi ; calycis tubus rectus vel leviter arcuatus, deorsum gradatim attenuatus, 2-2j-pollicaris ; lobi ovato-lanceolati, acuti, ad semi- pollicares ; petala late ovata vel elliptica, acutiuscula, calycis lobis breviora ; stamina inclusa vel paulo exserta; ovarium puberulum, oblongum, stylo filiformi, stigmate capitato. Fructus maximus, crasso-carnosus, tuberculatus. — DC. Prodr. iii. p. 39; Caiques des Dess. FL.Mex. 362 ; Bot. Mag. t. 3801 ; Bot. Reg. 1838, 1. 1. South Mexico, ravines in Michoacan, at 6000 to 7000 feet (Galeotti, 3050), Morelia (Hartweg). Hb. Kew. 5. Fuchsia intermedia, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 14. Glabrescens, foliis ovato-cordatis longissime petiolatis, floribus axillaribus longissime pedunculatis, calycis tubo deorsum gradatim attenuato supra ovarium non ventricoso extus sparse puberulo intus glabro, petalis ovato-rotundatis acuminatis obtusiusculis. Suffrutex, novellis puberulis. Folia opposita, petiolata, membranacea, ovata vel basi breviter cor- data, 4-5-pollicaria, acuminata, acuta, obscure denticulata, petiolo gracilbmo usque bipollicari. Flores pedicellati, nutantes, axillares, solitarii, sine ovario ad sesquipollicares ; pedunculi gracil- limi, 2-2J-pollicares ; calycis tubus deorsum gradatim attenuatus, supra ovarium non ventri- cosus, extus sparse puberulus, intus glaber; lobi lanceolati, acute acuminati, tubo dimidio breviores ; petala ovato-rotundata, acuminata, obtusiuscula, calycis lobis tertio breviora ; stamina exserta; ovarium cylindricum, elongatum, stylo glabro, exserto, stigmate clavato. Fructus ignotus— Fuchsia splendens, Benth.. PL Hartw. p. 61, vix Zucc. South Mexico, Cumbre of Totontepeque, at 10,000 feet (Hartweg, 460). Hb. Kew. biol. cent.-amek., Bot. Vol. 1, June 1880. 3 n 458 ONAGEAEIE^. It is somewhat doubtful whether this or F. splendens, as denned here, is the true F. splendens of Zuccarini, which is very imperfectly described ; but, as far as the descrip- tion goes, it accords better with the species commonly cultivated in this country, and retained here under the name, than with the present plant. This species differs in being much less pubescent, in the calyx-tube tapering gradually downwards and not being fleshy and swollen immediately above the ovary, and in the nearly rotundate petals. It is possible that a more complete series of specimens would furnish connecting- links between F. intermedia, F. splendens, and F. cordifolia. Hartweg collected and dried specimens of our F. intermedia, and sent home seeds of the plant generally known as F. splendens, of which there are also wild specimens at Kew, both from Guatemala and South Mexico. 6. Fuchsia microphylla, H. B. K. (char, emend.) ; Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 15. Foliis serrulatis, floritms longiuscule pedunculatis ad 6 lin. longis, calycis tubo lato supra ovarium subito constricto, lobis late ovatis apiculatis, petalis fere rotundatis apice irregulariter dentatis Tel emarginatis, stylo haud exserto, stigmate 4-lobato. Frutex 2-6-pedalis, dense ramosus, ramulis gracilibus, plus minusve ferrugineo-tomentosis. Folia ssepissime opposita, conferta, breviter petiolata, subcoriacea, glaberrima, serrulata, lanceolata, oblonga, ovata vel obovata, 6-9 lin. longa, acuta vel obtusa. Flores longiuscule pedunculati, axillares, solitarii, ssepius nutantes, ad 6 lin. longi ; calycis tubus latus, supra ovarium subito constrictus ; lobi late ovati, apiculati, erecti, tubo triplo quadroplove breviores ; petala irregu- lariter quadrata vel fere rotundata, apice ssepissime irregulariter dentata, interdum inflexa, lobis calycinis paulo breviora; stamina inclusa, fere sessilia; ovarium globosum, stylo filiformi glabro breviter exserto, stigmate parvo 4-lobato. — H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 103, t. 534 ; Bot. Reg. t. 1269; Sweet, Fl. Gard. ser 2, t. 16. South Mexico, on the road from Eeal del Monte to Chico {Hartweg, 285), La Hoya, Vera Cruz (Linden, 627) ; Popocatepetl, at 10,000 feet (Galeotti, 3050), valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 974), without localities (Parkinson, Schiede, Tate, and others) ; Guatemala, without locality (Skinner). Hb. Kew. i- 7. Fuchsia microphylla, H. B. K. Var. \ (an species distincta V). Foliis crassioribus scabridis, floribus puberulis subcarnosis, petalis integris planis. Guatemala, Volcan de Agua (Salvin & Godman, 304). Hb. Kew. This may be a distinct species ; but the material is insufficient to decide the question. 8. Fuchsia minimiflora, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 14. (Tab. XXVIII. fig.l.) Puberula, ramis crassiusculis, foliis breviter petiolatis ovatis acutis serrulatis, floribus axillaribus solitariis geminisve pedunculatis minus quam 3 lin. longis et diametro, calycis lobis patentibus longioribus quam tubus apiculatis, apiculis in alabastro liberis, stylo vix exserto, stigmate maximo crasso profunde 4-lobato. Frutex epiphyticus (Linden), lignosus, ramosus, ramulis brevibus crassiusculis, junioribus puberulis. Folia ssepissime opposita, breviter petiolata, membranacea, utrinque plus minusve pubescentia, ovata, 1-1^-pollicaria, acuminata, acuta, remote calloso-serrulata, venis lateralibus subtus ONAGBABIE^:. 459 prominulis arcuatis, petiolo 1-2 lin. longo ; stipulae minutse, cito deciduse. Mores puberuli, pedunculati, axillares, ssepissime solitarii, vix 3 lin. longi, pedunculis usque 6 lin. longis sed ssepissime brevioribus ; calycis tubus brevissimus ; lobi lanceolati, longe apiculati, patentes, tubo longiores, apiculis elongatis, subulatis, in alabastro liberis; petala oblongo-elliptica, obtusa, lobis calycinis breviora; stamina inclusa, fere sessilia; ovarium globosum, stylo paulo exserto, stigmate maximo, crasso-carnoso, profunde 4-lobato, lobis horizontaliter divergentibus. South Mexico, Chiapas {Linden, 680 ; GHesbregM, 730). Hb. Kew. A very distinct species, having the smallest flowers of the genus associated with rela- tively large leaves. 9. Fuchsia minutiflora, Hemsley, Diag. PL Nov. pars 1, p. 15. (Tab. XXVIII. fig. 3.) Foliis serrulatis, floribus minimis circiter 3 lineas longis, calycis tubo deorsum gradatim attenuato, lobis lanceolatis acutissimis paulo brevioribus quam tubus, petalis oblongis obtusis integris quam lobi calycini brevioribus, stylo incluso vel breviter exserto, stigmate maximo profunde 4-lobato. Frutex valde ramosus, ramulis gracillimis, plus minusve furfuraceo-tomentosis. Folia ssepissime opposita, brevissime petiolata, vix coriacea, glaberrima, serrulata, ovato-lanceolata, 4-8 lin. longa, rarius longiora, obtusa vel acuta. Flores pedunculati, axillares, solitarii, ssepius nutantes, vix 3 lineas longi; pedunculi gracillimi, 2-4 lin. longi; calycis tubus gracilis, deorsum gradatim attenuatus; lobi lanceolati, acuminati, apiculati, tubo vix duplo breviores; petala oblonga, obtusa, integra, lobis calycinis breviora; stamina inclusa, fere sessilia; ovarium parvum, globosum, stylo incluso vel breviter exserto, stigmate profunde 4-lobato. Fructus globosus, polyspermus. South Mexico, Vera Cruz to Orizaba (Mutter, 1550), peak of Orizaba, at 5000 feet (Linden, 631). Hb. Kew. In foliage this species closely resembles F. microphylla ; but it is of more slender habit, the leaves are thinner in substance, and the very small flowers are wholly different. The calyx-tube is extremely slender, and the oblong petals are entire. 10. Fuchsia mixta, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 15. (Tab. XXVIII. fig. 2.) Foliis serrulatis, floribus breviter pedunculatis ad 7-9 lineas longis, calycis tubo lato supra ovarium subito constricto, lobis anguste lanceolatis acutis dimidio brevioribus quam tubus,petalis ellipticis integris vel emarginatis quam lobi calycini multo brevioribus, stylo exserto, stigmate 4-lobato. Frutex, caule robustiusculo, ramulis vix gracilibus, valde Miosis, plus minusve rufo-puberulis. Folia ssepissime opposita, breviter petiolata, subcoriacea, glaberrima, serrulata, ovato-lanceolata, 5-8 lineas longa, obtusa vel acuta. Flores breviter pedunculati, axillares, solitarii, 7 usque 9 lin. longi; pedunculi 1-3 lin. longi; calycis tubus latus, supra ovarium subito constrictus; lobi anguste lanceolati, acuti, tubo dimidio breviores, subpatentes; petala elliptica, integra, lobis calycinis multo breviora ; ovarium globosum, stylo exserto, stigmate 4-lobato. South Mexico, peak of Orizaba, at 10,000 feet (Galeotti, 3025), at 9800 feet (Lin- den, 629) ; Panama, volcano of Chiriqui (Seemann, 1226). Hb. Kew. This differs from F. microphylla, with which it has been confused, in its more robust 3rc2 460 ONAGEAEIE^I. habit and larger flowers, spreading sepals, and entire petals. The specimens from Chiriqui are apparently of the same species, but they are destitute of flowers. f\ 11. Fuchsia parviflora, Zucc, non Lindl. ; Hemsley, Diag. PL Nov. pars 1, p. 15 (char, amplif.). Fobis oppositis alternisve integerrimis membranaceis, floribus unisexuabbus vel polygamis. Frutex, ramulis gracilibus, puberubs. Folia petiolata, opposita vel alterna, membranacea, integer- rima, molliter pubescentia vel fere glabra, ovato-lanceolata vel ebiptica, |-2poll. longa, petiolo gracib, 2-6 lin. longo. Flores puberub, unisexuales vel polygami, gracibter pedunculati, axil- lares, sobtarii,4-7 bn. longi; peduncub ssepissime 6-9 lin. longi, interdum breviores; calycis tubus cylindricus, lobis ovatis, apiculatis, erectis quam tubus duplo triplove brevioribus ; petala subrotunda, apice ssepissime apiculata, lobis calycinis breviora; stamina fere sessilia; ovarium globosum, stylo paulo exserto, stigmate 4-lobato.— Zucc. PI. Nov. fasc. 2, p. 29. F. cylindracea, Lindl. Bot. Reg. xxiv. t. 66 ; F. encliandra, Steud. ; ? F. tetradactyla, Lindl. Journ. Hort. Soc. Lond. i. p. 304 ; et F. acynifolia, Scheidw. in Walp. Ann. i. p. 292. South Mexico, Eegla, 6000 feet (GaleoUi, 3046), Zimapan (Coulter, 175), Chiapas (Linden, 677), without localities (SalU, Bates, and others); Guatemala, near Coban (Turckheim, 2), without locality (Skinner), Volcan de Fuego, 8300 feet (Salvin), Que- zaltenango (Hartweg, 527). Hb. Kew. There may be two or more species confused here, though authentic specimens of F. cylindracea and F. parviflora seem to be united by wild specimens. It is a question of making several species or reducing all the forms to one. From the description, F. tetradactyla, Lindl., appears to belong to this species. -j{ 12. Fuchsia Splendens, Zucc; Hemsley, Diag. PL Nov. pars 1, p. 14 (char. amplif.). Tota pubescens, foliis ovato-cordatis, floribus axillaribus longe pedunculitis, calycis tubo lato intus extusque villosulo deorsum vix attenuate supra ovarium ventricoso, petalis lanceolato- ovatis acutis. Suffrutex, ramis crassiuscubs, ramubs, fobis floribusque pubescentibus. Folia opposita, longe petiolata, herbacea, ovato-cordata, 4-5-polbcaria, acute acuminata, denticulata, petiolo gracib, sesqui-bipollicari. Flores nutantes, axillares, sobtarii, longe graciliterque pedunculati, sine ovario 1 j-l^-poUicares ; peduncub 1-1^-polhcares ; calycis tubus rectus, latus, deorsum vix attenuatus, supra ovarium valde ventricosus, crassus, intus extusque villosulus, lobi lanceolati, longe acuminati, acuti, tubo dimidio breviores; petala lanceolata vel ovata, acuta, calycis lobis dimidio breviora ; stamina exserta ; ovarium anguste cylindraceum, stylo birsuto exserto, stigmate capitate. Fructus immaturus tantum visus, sesquipolbcaris. — Flora, 1832, ii. Beibl. p. 102 ; Bot. Mag. t. 4082 ; Bot. Reg. 1842, t. 67. F. cordifolia /3, Hook. Ic. PL t. 450. South Mexico, Chiapas (Ghiesbreght, 688, 698; Linden, 675) ; Guatemala, without exact locality (Skinner). Hb. Kew. 13. Fuchsia thymifblia, H. B. K. ; Hemsley, Diag. PL Nov. pars 1, p. 15. Fobis parvis integerrimis minute molbterque pubescentibus, floribus gracibter pedunculatis, calycis tubo apice lato deorsum gradatim attenuato, lobis ovatis apiculatis patentibus tubo paulo bre- vioribus, petalis oblongis elbpticisve undulatis patentibus. ONAGEAEIELE. 461 Frutex plus minusve minute pubescens, ramis ramulisque elongatis, gracillimis, teretibus. Folia saepissime alterna, longiuscule petiolata, membranacea, minute molliterque pubescentia, inte- gerrima, ovato-lanceolata, elliptica vel interdum fere rotundata, utrinque obtusa vel acuta, 1- 2-pollicaria ; petiolo gracili, 2-4 lin. longo. Flores graciliter pedunculate axillares, solitarii, 5-6 lin. diametro ; pedunculi filiformes, 4-8 lin. longi ; calycis tubus ad 3 lin. longus, apice latus, deorsum gradatim attenuatus, lobi ovati, longe apiculati, patentes, tubo paulo breviores ; petala oblonga vel elliptica, obtusa, plana vel undulata, patentia, calycis lobis subsequalia; stamina fere sessilia ; ovarium parvum, globosum, stylo exserto, stigmate 4-lobato. — H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 104, t. 535 ; Bot . Reg. t. 1284. South Mexico, near Pazcuaro, at 6780 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland), Eeal del Monte (Coulter, 176), Mineral del Monte (Mrenberg), without localities (Tate, Graham, and others). Hb. Kew, This species is readily distinguished among the small-leaved and small-flowered species by its soft entire leaves. Possibly F. acynifolia, Scheidw. (Walp. Ann. i. p. 292), may belong here. 14. Fuchsia, sp. South Mexico, San Felipe (Andrieux, 389), without locality (Jurgensen, 824). Hb. Kew. Both specimens bear male flowers only. Possibly they may belong to F. parviflora, but in habit and foliage they look quite different. 15. Fuchsia, sp. South Mexico, Chiapas (Ghiesbreght, 696). Hb. Kew. The specimen in hb. Kew. bears male flowers only, and they are not unlike those of F. parviflora, but the leaves are much larger and otherwise different. 16. Fuchsia, sp. South Mexico, Chiapas (Ghiesbreght, 697). Hb. Kew. This may be only a marked variety of F. parviflora, with small somewhat coriaceous leaves and hairy branchlets. The Mexican and Central-American Fuchsias may be classified, according to their affinities, as follows : — § 1. Arborescens, foliis amplis, floribus parvis erectis in paniculas amplas terminales dispositis, staminibus quam petala brevioribus. F. arborescens. § 2. Prutescens, foliis ssepius amplis, floribus ssepissime magnis longe pedicellatis nutantibus axillaribus solitariis vel in racemos terminales dispositis, staminibus quam petala longioribus. F. fulgens, cordifolia, intermedia et splendens. § 3. Frutescens, foliis parvis vel mediocribus, floribus parvis vel minutis axillaribus nutantibus, staminibus quam petala brevioribus. F. bacillaris, minimiflora, micrqphylla, minutiflora, mixta, thymifolia, parviflora et affines. 462 ONAGEAKHLE. 6. HATJYA. Hauya, Moc. et Sesse in DC. Mem. Onagr. p. 2; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 791. (Char, emend.) Calycis tubus cylindricus, longe supra ovarium in limbum profunde 4-lobum divisus, lobis per anthesin reflexis. Petala 4, summo tubo inserta, sessilia. Stamina 8, plus minusve exserta, filamentis fibformibus summo tubo insertis, antberis filamentis fere sequilongis, medio-fixis, oscillatoriis, apice aristatis, reticulatis, (in siccis) demum tortis. Ovarium 4-loculare; stylus elongatus, stigmate crasso ; ovula numerosissima, angulo interiori loculorum biseriatim affixa, adscendentia. Capsula lineari-oblonga vel ellipsoidea, loculicide 4-vaivis, valvis medio septi- feris. Semina numerosissima, biseriata, adscendentia, imbricata, testa coriacea, superne in alam auriculatam producta ; cotyledones oblongae, compressse, planse ; radicula brevissima. — Frutices vel arbores. Foha alterna, petiolata, simplicia, integerrima. Flores magni, axillares, sobtarii, sessiles, ex albo rosei. The genus is restricted to Mexico and Guatemala. 1. Hauya barcenae, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 13. (Tab. XXIX. fig. 2.) Glabrescens, foliis ovato-rotundatis longe petiolatis, venis lateralibus subtus prominentibus, calycis lobis tubo sequilongis, petabs elhpticis, stigmate clavato, capsubs bipolbcaribus. Arbor 40-pedabs, ramis junioribus puberulis. Folia alterna, puberula, demum glabra, subcoriacea, longe gracibterque petiolata, lamina ovato-rotundata, 2-2J poll, longa, petiolo ad polbcari ; stipules minutse, decidual. Flores brevissime pedicellati, ad 2J poll, longi ; calyx fere coriaceus, lobis tubo fere sequilongis ; petala ovato-rotundata ; stigma clavatum. Capsula bipolhcaris, valvis dorso planis. South Mexico, Huauapan, Oaxaca (Andrieux, 391). Hb. Kew. Whether the characters upon which this species is founded are constant, it is impos- sible to say with the limited material before us ; but it is probable that this may eventually prove to be no more than an extreme form of H. elegans. It is named in honour of Professor Mariano Barcena, of the National Museum of Mexico, who has recently published a ' Noticia Cientifica de una parte del Estado de Hidalgo.' In this little work he enumerates the characteristic plants of the district under consideration, and among other things describes and figures a Hauya, which he thinks may be distinct from the original H. elegans. His figure is not drawn with botanical precision, and cannot be said to represent exactly either of the forms here admitted to the rank of species ; nor does his description agree in all particulars with either this or H. elegans. 2. Hauya COrnuta, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 13. (Tab. XXIX. fig. 3.) Foliis oblongo-lanceolatis ellipticisve abrupte breviterque acuminatis subtus cano-tomentosis, calycis lobis tubo fere dimidio brevioribus apice cornutis, capsubs vix polhcaribus, valvis dorso distincte carinatis. Frutex vel arbor parva, ramis teretibus, junioribus puberubs. Folia alterna, petiolata, vix coriacea, oblongo-lanceolata vel elbptica, 2-3-polbcaria, integerrima, breviter acuminata, supra puberula, subtus cano-tomentosa, petiolo tereti, gracib, 3-6 bn. longo ; stipulae minutse, subulate, mox decidual Flores graciles, 2-2J poll, longi, subvelutini ; calycis lobi reflexi, apice dorso cor- ONAGKAErELE. 463 nuti, tubo duplo breviores ; petala rotundata, calycis lobis breviora ; stigma capitatum, vix exsertum. Capsula vix pollicaris, valvis dorso distincte carinatis. Guatemala, Eio Guacalate at 4950 feet (Salvin), without locality (Savage). Hb. Kew. et Paris. Apparently a very distinct species, easily distinguished by the distinctly horned tips of the calyx-lobes, and the shorter capsule, with prominently ridged valves. 3. Hauya elegans, Mog. et Sess. (char, emend.); Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 13. (Tab. XXIX. fig. 1.) Velutina, foliis lanceolatis ovatis vel fere rotundatis subtus cano-tomentosis vel velutinis, floribus ultra 4-pollicaribus, calycis lobis tubo multo brevioribus, capsulis ad sesquipollicaribus, valvis dorso planis. Arbor velfrutex, ramis puberulis vel junioribus velutinis. Folia altema, petiolata, lanceolata, ovata vel fere rotundata, integra, acute acuminata, subtus cano-velutina, supra tomentosa, demum fere' glabra, lamina 1|-2J poll, longa, petiolo 3-8 Jin. longo. Flores subvelutini, maximi usque ad 5-pollicares ; calycis lobi reflexi, tubo fere dimidio breviores ; petala ovato -rotundata, calycis lobis sequilonga. Capsula sesquipoll. longa, valvis dorso planis. — DC. MSm. Onagr. p. 2, 1. 1 ; Prodr. iii. p. 36. South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 172). Hb. Kew, This differs mainly from our H. barcence in having much larger flowers, with relatively longer petals and shorter calyx-lobes, and in the dense velvety tomentum. The original figure of H. elegans (De Candolle, Mem. Onagr. t. 1) agrees sufliciently with the species as here limited. EXPLANATION OF TAB. XXIX. All the species shown natural size. 7. ZAUSCHNERIA. Zauschneria, Presl, Eeliq. Hsenk. ii. p. 28 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 788. Restricted to one dwarf shrubby species. 1. ZaUSChneria californica, Presl, Reliq. Hsenk. ii. p. 28, t. 52 ; Bot. Mag. t. 4993. Zauschneria mexicana, Presl. Califoenia ; New Mexico. — Noeth Mexico, Sonora (Thurber). Hb. Kew. 8. SEMEIANDRA. Semeiandra, Hook, et Am. Bot. Beecb. Voy. p. 291; Bentb. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 791. One shrubby species, restricted to Mexico. 1. Semeiandra grandiflora, Hook, et Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 291, t. 59 ; Bot. Mag. t. 4727. 464 ONAGKRARIILE. North Mexico, Sierra Madre (Seemann, 2168) ; South Mexico, San Bias to Tepic (Coulter, 180 ; Beechey). Hb. Kew. 9. LOPEZIA. Lopezia, Cav. Ic. i. p. 12; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 791. This genus is peculiar to Mexico and Guatemala, and consists of herbaceous or slightly shrubby plants. 1. Lopezia albiflora, Schl. in Linnsea, xxiv. p. 696. Mexico or Central America. 2. Lopezia COrdata, Hornem. Hort. Hafn. Add. p. 949 ; DC. Prodr. iii. p. 62. / Mexico or Central America. 3. Lopezia coronata, Andr. Bot. Eep. t. 551. Mexico. Hb. Kew. 4. Lopezia galeottii, Planch. Fl. des Serres, vii. p. 178. South Mexico, calcareous rocks at 5000 to 8000 feet (Galeotti, 2634, in part). Hb. Kew. This species and L. macrophylla, Bth., were distributed under the same number. 5. Lopezia grandiflora, Zucc. in Bot. Zeit. 1832, Beibl. p. 101. South Mexico, near Santiago. 6. Lopezia haematodes, Kze. in Linnsea, xvii. p. 579. Mexico. 7. Lopezia hirsuta, Jacq. Coll. v. p. 5, 1. 15. fig. 4. South Mexico, Orizaba {SalU; Botteri, 932 ; Linden, 637), at 10,000 feet (Galeotti, 3028), in thickets near Jalapa, La Joya, and Jalacingo (Schiede), Jalapa at 4000 feet (Galeotti, 3034), Chiapas (GUesbreght, 621) ; Guatemala, without locality (Skinner). Hb. Kew. 8. Lopezia insignis, Hemsley, Diag. PL Nov. pars 1, p. 16. (Tab. XXX.) Herbacea, erecta, ramosa, eglandulosa, foliis parvis lanceolatis, floribus longissime pedunculatis, sepalis petalisque linearibus elongatis, petabs sessibbus, staminibus exsertis, anantbero apice Hnibato, stylo fibformi petabs fere duplo longiore. Herba (probabibter pluripedabs) erecta, ramosa, eglandulosa, glabrescens. Folia (infima non visa) membranacea, alterna, breviter petiolata, obscure dentata, primum pilosula, deinde glabra lineari-lanceolata, obtusa, ad pobicaria, superiora minora, bracteiformia. Flores angusti lon- gissime peduncnlati, axillares; pedunculi graciles, patentes, apice saepissime uncinati 2-3- pollicares ; calycis 4-partiti tubus non ultra ovarium productus, lobi lineares, fere sesquipolli- cares, erecti ; petala sessiba, sequaba, similia, bnearia, angustissima, calycis lobis aequilonga ; stamina 2, bbera, longe exserta, alterum fertibum, alterum anantberum petaloideum longis- ONAGEABIE.E. 465 sime unguiculatum, apice tantum dilatatum ; ovarium breve; stylo filiformi longe exserto, usque bipollicari, stigmate capitato. Capsula subglobosa. South Mexico, without locality (Bates). Hb. Kew. In general appearance this very much resembles Semeiandra grandiflora, from which it differs altogether in floral structure. It is also remarkable in the genus Lopezia for its long, narrow, equal, sessile petals and very long stamens and style. 9. Lopezia integrifoHa, DC. Prodr. iii. p. 62. Mexico (Alamari). 10. Lopezia lineata, Zucc. PI. Nov. fasc. ii. p. 31 ; Bot. Eeg. 1848, t. 40. South Mexico, Orizaba (Bilimek, 161 ; Hartweg). Hb. Kew, 11. Lopezia macrophylla, Benth. PL Hartw. p. 83 ; Bot. Mag. t. 4724. South Mexico, calcareous rocks at 5000 to 8000 feet (Galeotti, 2634, in part); Gua- temala, Duefias (Hartweg), Kio Guacolate, 4950 feet, and Volcan de Fuego, at 6000 feet (Salviri). Hb. Kew. 12. Lopezia mexicana, Jacq. Ic. Ear. ii. t. 3. Lopezia racemosa, Cav. Ic. t. 18. Lopezia coronata, Andr. Rep. viii. t. 551 ? North Mexico, Sierra Madre (Seemann, 2052 and 2169), region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 256-J) ; South Mexico, valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 767; Schaffner, 147), valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1603), Real del Monte (Coulter, 178), Toluca, Cocustepec, 8800 feet (Heller), in corn-fields, in woods, and on hills, Mineral del Monte (Ehrenberg), near the city of Mexico (Hegewisch), Toluca (Andrieux, 387); Guatemala, without locality (Skinner). Hb. Kew. 13. Lopezia miniata, DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 1813, p. 121 ; Prodr. iii. p. 62 ; Jacq. fil. Eclog. t. 109. Lopezia frutescens, Roem. et Sch. Lopezia fruticosa, Schranck. New Spain, cultivated in Europe. Hb. Kew. 14. Lopezia oppositifolia, Lag. Nov. Gen. et Sp. p. 1. New Spain. 15. Lopezia panieillata, Seem. Bot. Voy. 'Herald,' p. 120. Panama, Boquete, Veraguas (Seemann, 1225). Hb. Kew. 16. Lopezia pubescens, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 96. South Mexico, in meadows near the town of Pazcuaro, 6780 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland). 17. Lopezia pumila, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 95. South Mexico, mountains of Guanaxate and Santa Eosa, 6000 to 7750 feet (Hum- boldt & Bonjaland). biol. CENTE.-AMEK., Bot. Vol. 1, June 1880. 3 o 466 ONAGEAEIE^:. 18. Lopezia trichota, Schl. in Linnsea, xii. p. 273. Nokth Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet {Parry & Palmer, 256) ; South Mexico, Cuesta Blanca, on porphyritic rocks (Ehrenberg), without locality (Aschenbom, 398). Hb. Kew. 19. Lopezia, sp. South Mexico, Chinantla, at 4000 feet (Galeotti, 3050). Hb. Kew. 20. Lopezia, sp. Guatemala, Capetillo, Volcan de Fuego, 4600 feet (Salvin), Camino del Zapote (Bernoulli, 234). Hb. Kew. 21. Lopezia, sp. (1L. coronata, Andr.). South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 179), without locality (Salle). Hb. Kew. 10. DIPLANDEA. Diplandra, Hook, et Am. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 291 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 792. One shrubby species. 1. Diplandra lopezioides, Hook, et Am. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 291, t. 60. South Mexico, Tepic (Barclay, Beeehey). Hb. Kew. 11. EIESENBACHIA. Riesenbachia, Presl, Reliq. Haenk. ii. p. 36 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 792. One herbaceous species. 1. Riesenbachia racemosa, Presl, Eeliq. Haenk. ii. p. 36, t. 54. Mexico (HcenJce). 12. GAUEA. Gaura, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 470 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 792. About twenty herbaceous species, inhabiting Mexico and the warmer parts of North America. 1. Gaura bracteata, Ser. inDC.Prodr. iii.p. 45 ; Caiques desDess. Fl. Mex. 373. Mexico (Mopino & Sessf). 2. Gaura COCCinea, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i. p. 73. Gaura epiloboides, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 93. Gaura suffrutescens, Ser. in DC. Prodr. iii. p. 45 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 374. Saskatchewan southward to — Nokth Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 254, 255), Sonora (Torrey); South Mexico, common throughout the valley of Mexico (Schqffner), Vera Cruz to Orizaba (Mutter), near Actopan, 6250 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland), in fields between Perote and Tenestepec ONAGEAEHLE, 467 (Schiede & Deppe), Misteca Alta (GaleoUi, 3061), Jalapa (Coulter, 164), without special localities (Tate, Eahn, Shepherd, & Aschenbom). Hb. Kew. 3. Gaura ? epilobia, Ser. in DC. Prodr. iii. p. 45 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 375. Mexico. 4. Ganra hispida, Benth. PI. Hartw. p. 288. Mexico, in fields around Leon (Hartweg, 1603). Hb. Kew. 5. Gaura mollis, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 93, t. 529. Gauridium molle, Spach. South Mexico, vicinity of Oaxaca (Andrieux, 384), province of Mexico (Humboldt & Bonpland, Aschenbom). Hb. Kew. 6. Gaura mutabilis, Cav. Ic. iii. p. 30, t. 285. Gauridium mutabile, Spach. Oenothera anomala, Curtis, Bot. Mag. t. 388. Mexico % garden specimen. Hb. Kew. 7. Gaura parviflora, Dougl. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i. p. 519. Oregon; California; Texas. — Noeth Mexico, without special locality (Gregg, 521). 8. Gaura primiveris, A. Gray, PI. Wright, ii. p. 58. New Mexico. — North Mexico, Chihuahua (Potts). Hb. Kew. 9. Gaura tripetala, Cav. ic iv. p. 66, t. 396. fig. 1. Gaura hexandra, Ort. Texas. — North Mexico; South Mexico, in fields between Perote and Tenestepec (Schiede & Deppe), Toluca, 8200 feet (Heller), Mexico (Aschenbom). 10. Gaura, sp. South Mexico, Real del Monte to Zacatecas (Coulter, 163), valley of Mexico (Bour geau, 38). Hb. Kew. 11. Gaura, sp. North Mexico, Sonora Alta (Coulter, 173). Hb. Kew. 12. Gaura, sp. South Mexico, extinct volcano of Balea, between 6000 and 7000 feet altitude (Guillemin-Tarayre). Hb. Kew. 13. Gaura, sp. North Mexico, in fields around Matamoras (Berlandier). Hb. Kew. 13. GONGYLOCARPUS. Gongylocarpus, Ch. et Sch. in Linnaea, v. p. 557; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 793. An annual herb. 3o2 468 ONAGEAEIE^:. 1. GongylocarpUS rubricaulis, Ch. et Sch. Linnaea, v. p. 557. South Mexico, in cultivated and uncultivated places around Jalapa (Schiede & Deppe), Chiapas (Ghiesbreght) ; Guatemala, Volcan de Fuego, 5400 feet (Salvin). Hb. Kew. [Spondylantha aphylla, Presl, Reliq. Hamk. ii. p. 35, t. 53, is a diseased condition of Vitis sicyoides.] 14. CIROEA. Circaa, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 24 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 793. Small herbs, three or four species inhabiting the temperate and cold parts of Europe, Asia, and North America. 1. CircaBa, sp. North Mexico, San Luis Potosi (Virlet d'Aousf, 1032). Hb. Paris. Order LVIII. SAMYDACE.E. Samydacea, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 794. About 150 shrubby and arboreous species belonging to eighteen genera. Generally dispersed in the tropics, a few species growing in subtropical regions. Tribe CASEAEIE^I. 1. CASEARIA. Casearia, Jacq. Stirp. Amer. p. 132 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 796. About eighty species, whereof forty inhabit the Old World, two of them Australia, and the remainder America. At present there is great confusion in this genus ; and a careful comparison of the specimens would doubtless result in a considerable reduction of the number of forms retained as species here. 1. Casearia arguta, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 364. South Mexico, near La Venta de] Exido (Humboldt & Bonpland). 2. Casearia corymbosa, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 366. South Mexico, Acapulco (Beechey); Orizaba (Mutter), in thickets near Jalapa (Schiede & Deppe), Malpays de Naulingo (Schiede); Guatemala, mountains of Las Verdes (Hartweg, 576); Nicaragua, Eealejo (Sinclair); Panama (S. Hayes, 110). — Colombia. Hb. Kew. 3. Casearia dentata, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 51 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 185. ("An eadem ac C. hirsutaV) Mexico. SAMYDACE^I. 469 4. Casearia ? dubia,. DC. Prodr. ii. p. 51 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 184. _ Mexico. 5. Casearia hirsuta, Sw. Fl. ind. Occ. ii. p. 755. Casearia ramiflora, Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald/ nee Vahl. Panama, Cruces (Seemann, 563), Chagres (Fendler, 192 ; 8. Hayes, 111.) — to Guiana, Brazil, and the West Indies. Hb. Kew. ^ 6. Casearia icosandra, Pi. et Tr. MSS. in Hb. Kew. Samyda icosandra, Sw. PI. Ind. Occ. p. 1962. Zuelania laetioides, A. Rich. Fl. Cub. p. 89, t. 12. Thiodia serrata, Griseb., nee Thiodia, Bennett. Panama, Chagres {Fendler, 318), Paraiso railway-station (8. Hayes). — Cuba and Jamaica. Hb. Kew. 7. Casearia nitida, Jacq. Am. p. 132; Act. Helv. viii. p. 58, cum icone. South Mexico, near Tantoyuca (Ervendberg, 338). — Colombia. 8. Casearia Obovata, Schl. in Linnsea, xiii. p. 434. South Mexico, in woods near the Hacienda de la Ordufia (Schiede). 9. Casearia parviflora, Willd. Sp. ii. p. 627. Casearia carpinifolia, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. x. p. 112. South Mexico, Mirador (Linden, 592), Cordova (Botteri, 976), Cordillera of Vera Cruz, at 3000 feet (Galeotti, 2878) ; Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 186). This should perhaps be referred to C. sylvestris, Sw., a species having a very wide geographical area in Tropical America. 10. Casearia ramiflora, Vahl, Symb. ii. p. 50, nee Seem. Iroucana guianensis, Aubl. Guian. i. p. 329, 1. 127. Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 192). — Guiana and the West Indies. Hb. Kew. 11. Casearia spinosa, Willd. Sp. PL ii. p. 626. Casearia aculeata, Jacq. Amer. p. 133. Casearia prunifolia, Tul. nee H. B. K. South Mexico, Plan del Kio (Schiede); Panama (Seemann). — A widely dispersed species in Tropical South America. Hb. Kew. 12. Casearia, sp. South Mexico, Jalapa (Linden, 14). Hb. Kew. 13. Casearia, sp. South Mexico, Orizaba (Botteri, 1061). Hb. Kew. 14. Casearia, sp. Nicaragua, Chontales (Tate, 332). Hb. Kew. 15. Casearia, sp. " Central America" (Cuming, 1303). Hb. Kew. 470 SAMYDACE^. 16. Casearia, sp. South Mexico, Tuspango, near Cordova (Bourgeau, 2447), Hb. Kew. 1/17. Casearia, sp. Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 185), Remedios, Veraguas (Seemanm), without locality {Cuming, 1274). Hb. Kew. v 18. Casearia, sp. Guatemala (Friedrichsthal, 1). Hb. Kew. " 19. Casearia, sp. Guatemala [Friedrichsthal, 2). Hb. Kew. 20. Casearia, sp. South Mexico (Hahn, 1). Hb. Kew. 21. Casearia, sp. South Mexico, stony places on the banks of the Rio Teapa (Linden, 621). Hb. Kew. 2. SAM YD A. Samyda, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. p. 543 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 797. The genus consists of two West-Indian species, besides the following doubtful plants. 1. Samyda macrocarpa, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 48 ; Caiques des Dess. IX Mex. 183. Mexico. 2. Samyda rubra, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 48 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 182. Mexico. 3. Samyda, sp. (S. serrulatce affinis). South Mexico, Acapulco (Sinclair). Hb. Kew. Tribe BANARE^E. There are two American and one Tropical West-African species belonging to this tribe. 3. BANARA. Banara, Aubl. PI. Guian. i. p. 547; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 798. About twelve species, inhabiting Tropical America. 1. Banara dioica, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. p. 94. South Mexico, Vera Cruz (Linden, 31 ; Galeotti, 7019). 2. Banara ibaguensis, Tul. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, vii. p. 291. Panama, without special locality (Luchassaing). — Colombia. SAMYDACKE. 471 3. Banara mexicana, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. v. p. 174. South Mexico, near Tantoyuca, Huasteca (Ervendberg, 121, 247). Hb. Kew. 4. Banara mollis, Tul. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, vii. p. 288. Panama, in woods near the city of Panama {S: Hayes, 675). — Nearly all over Tropical America. Hb. Kew. Tribe HOMALIE^E. 4. HOMALIUM. Homalium, Jacq. Amer. p. 170 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 800. About thirty species, natives of Asia, Africa, North Australia, Fiji Islands, and Tropical America. 1. Homalium racemosum, Jacq. Amer. p. 170, 1. 183. Panama, in damp thick woods, Frijoli railway-station (S. Hayes, 488). — Widely dis- persed in the West-Indian Islands and Tropical South Ameeica. Hb. Kew. 2. Homalium senarium, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 54 ; Caiques des Dess. PI. Mex. 293. Mexico. Order LIX. LOASE^. Loasece, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 801. A small family of herbaceous or, rarely, shrubby plants, comprising eleven genera and about 100 species. With the exception of the monotypic genus Kissenia, which has a wide range in Eastern Africa and Arabia, all are endemic in America, ranging from the warmer parts of North America to Chili. 1. GEONOVIA. Gronovia, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 282 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 802. The only species : — 1. Gronovia SCandenS, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 292 ; Jacq. Ic. Ear. ii. t. 338 ; Hook, et Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. t. 97. Texas. — North Mexico, Victoria de Tamaulipas (Berlandier, 2267) ; South Mexico, near Tantoyuca {Ervendberg), on the sea-coast, Campeche {Bonpland) ; Panama (S. Hayes, 71). — Also in Venezuela and Peru. Hb. Kew. 2. CEVALLIA. Cevallia, Lag. Nov. Gen. et Sp. p. 11 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 803. Also a monotypic genus. 472 LOASILE. 1. Cevallia Sinuata, Lag. Nov. Gen. et Sp. p. 11, t. 1 ; Hook. Ic. PL t. 252. Texas; New Mexico. — Nokth Mexico, Sonora (Torrey); San Luis Potosi to San Antonio, Texas (Parry, 258). Hb. Kew. 3. PETALONYX. Petalonyx, A. Gray, PI. Thurb. in Mem. Amer. Acad. v. p. 319 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 803. Monotypic. 1. Petalonyx thurberi, A. Gray, PI. Thurb. p. 319 ; Torrey in Eep. Emory's Exped. t. 22. Noeth Mexico, valley of the Gila, Sonora (Thurber, 683). Hb. Kew. 4. SCLEROTHBIX. Sclerothrix, Presl, Symb. Bot. ii. p. 3 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 803. Two or three species, ranging from Mexico to Peru. 1. Sclerothrix fasciculata, Presl, Symb. Bot. ii. p. 3, t. 53. Ancyrostemma micranthum, Poepp. et Endl. Nov. Gen. et Sp. iii. p. 65, t. 272. South Mexico, Orizaba (Salle). — Venezuela and Colombia to Peeu. Hb. Kew. 5. MENTZELIA. Mentzelia, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 670 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 804. About thirty species, growing chiefly on the western side of North and South America. 1. Mentzelia hispida, Willd. Sp. PI. ii. p. 1176 ; Bot. Mag. t. 3205. Mentzelia stipitata, DC. Prodr. iii. p. 343 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 358 ; The Botanist, i. t. 34. Mentzelia aspera, Cav. nee Linn. Califoenia. — Noeth Mexico, Zacatecas (Coulter, 54 ; Eartweg, 16), region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 257); South Mexico, Tacubaya (Bilimek, 250), Cordillera of Oaxaca (Galeotti, 3681), Eeal del Monte (Coulter, 53), valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 295 ; Schaffner, 160 or 149), without locality (Parkinson). — Southward to Peru. Hb. Kew. 2. Mentzelia lobata, Hemsley. Microsperma lobata, Hook. Ic. PI. t. 234. Eucnide lobata, A. Gray, PI. Lindh. p. 192. Microsperma rudis, Schauer in Linnsea, xx. p. 721? Noeth Mexico, Saltillo &c. (Gregg), Santa Catarina, near Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Berlandier, 1390); South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 55), Oaxaca (Ghiesbreght). Hb. Kew. LOASILE. 473 3. Mentzelia oligosperma, Nutt. in Bot. Mag. 1. 1760. Texas; New Mexico. — North Mexico, pass of the Chiricahui Mountains, Sonora (Wright). Hb. Kew. 4. Mentzelia Stipitata, Presl, Eeliq. Hamk. ii. p. 40. Mexico. This may be the same as M. hispida. 5. Mentzelia strigosa, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 120. South Mexico, near the Rio Sarco, 5900 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland). 6. Mentzelia, sp. South Mexico, Oaxaca, woods at 7000 feet (Galeotti, 3682). Hb. Kew. 7. Mentzelia, sp. South Mexico, region of Orizaba, Escamella (Bourgeau, 3286). Hb. Kew. 8. Mentzelia, sp. South Mexico, Cuernavaca, Iturbide (Bourgeau, 1389). Hb. Kew. 6. LOASA. Loasa, Juss. Gen. Plant, p. 322; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 804. About fifty species, spread over Tropical America, with the exception of North Brazil and Guiana. 1. Loasa rhoeadifolia, Schl. in Linmea, xiv. p. 382. South Mexico, Cuesta Grande de Chiconquiaco (Schiede). 2. Loasa rudis, Benth. PI. Hartw. p. 75. Guatemala, Santa Maria (Hartweg). Hb. Kew. 3. Loasa, sp. ("L. chelidonifoliae, Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. p. 101, proxima, sed differt."— Planchon, MSS. in hb. Kew.) Guatemala (Skinner) ; Costa Rica (Endres, 42). Hb. Kew. 4. Loasa, sp. South Mexico, Oaxaca (Ghieshreght). Hb. Kew. 7. ILLAIREA. Illairea, Lenne et Koch, ex Planchon in Fl. des Serres, ser. 1, ix. p. 145. The only species, doubtfully referred to Loasa by Bentham and Hooker (Gen. Plant, i. p. 805):— 1. Illairea canarinoides, Lenne et Koch in Fl. des Serres, t. 913 ; Bot. Mag. t. 5022. Centbal America, introduced into European gardens by Warszewicz. biol. cent.-amer., Bot. Vol. 1, August 1880. Sp 474 TUEKEEACILE. Order LX. TURNERACEjE. Turneracece, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 806. About seventy-five herbaceous and shrubby species, belonging to four genera, one of which is restricted to Africa, one (consisting of one arboreous species) to Rodriguez. Most of the species of the other genera are American. 1. TURNERA. Turnera, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 376 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 806. Nearly seventy species, all, except one South- African, restricted to Tropical America. One of the American species is also widely spread in India, where, however, it is not indigenous. 1. Turnera alba, Liebm. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, ix. p. 318. South Mexico, on the banks of the Rio de las Vueltas, Oaxaca (Idebmann). 2. Turnera aphrodisiaca, L. F. Ward, Virginia Medical Monthly, April, 1876. ? North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi (Parry & Palmer, 93). Hb. Kew. 3. Turnera CSerulea, DC. Prodr. iii. p. 346 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 386. Mexico. 4. Turnera tistoides, Linn. Sp. PL p. 387 ; Burm. ed. Plunder, t. 150. Piriqueta cistoides, Griseb. Mexico, Tampico (Berlandier, 62); Panama, without locality (Duchassaing). — In South America to Brazil and in Cuba. Hb. Kew. yh. Turnera hindsiana, Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. p. 101. Panama, without locality (Seemann). — Southward to Peru and Brazil. Hb. Kew. 6. Turnera humifasa, Endl. in Walp. Rep. ii. p. 230. Bohadschia humifusa, Presl, Reliq. Hsenk. ii. p. 98, t. 68. South Mexico, port and town of Acapulco (Hcenke). 7. Turnera mollis, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 126. South Mexico, Volcan de Jorullo (Humboldt & Bonpland), Acapulco (Hcenke). 8. Turnera pumilea, Linn. Amcen. v. p. 395 ; Sloane, Jamaica, t. 127. fig. 6. South Mexico, near Tantoyuca (Ervendberg, 134). — Jamaica. 9. Turnera trioniflora, Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2106. Turnera elegans, Otto ; Knowles et Westeott, Fl. Cab. i. t. 2. South Mexico, near El Morro (Schiede).— Brazil and Trinidad. TUENEBACE&. 475 10. Turnera ulmifoHa, Linn. sP. Pi. P. 695; Mill. ic. t. 268. fig. 2 Turnera ulmifolia, 0. angustifolia, Willd. Sp. PI. p. 1503; Bot. Mag. t 4137 Turnera angustifolia, Mill. Bot. Mag. t. 281. South Mexico, Cordillera of Oaxaca (Galeotti, 7141) ; Nicaeagua, Eealejo (Sinclair). —In Cuba and southward to Peru and Beazil. Also in the Galapagos Islands, and widely naturalized in India. Hb. Kew. 11. Turnera velutina, Presl, Eeliq. Ha;nk. ii. p. 44. South Mexico, Acapulco (Hcenke). 12. Turnera, sp. Costa Eica (Endres, 204). Hb. Kew. 13. Turnera, sp. (afF. T. aurantiacoe). Panama, Empire railway-station (S. Hayes, 114). Hb. Kew. 14. Turnera, sp. South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 798), Cordillera of Oaxaca, at 3000 feet (Galeotti, 4077), Mirador (Galeotti, 831). Hb. Kew. 2. EEBLICHIA. Erblichia, Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald/ p. 130; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 807. Monotypic. 1. Erblichia odorata, Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald,' p. 130, t. 27. Panama, on the outskirts of woods, Paredez Islands (Seemann). Hb. Kew. Order LXI. PASSIFLORACE^. PassifloretB, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 807; Masters in PI. Bras. xiii. pt. 1. Trees, shrubs, or herbs. About 300 species, belonging to twenty-five genera. The species are generally dispersed in tropical and subtropical regions, though by far most numerous in America. The genera are most numerous in Tropical and South Africa. Tribe PASSIFLORE^l. 1. PASSIFLOEA. Passiflora, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 1021 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 810 ; Masters in PI. Bras, xiii. pt. 1, p. 542. Climbing shrubs or herbs, rarely erect and arboreous. There are upwards of 180 3j?2 476 PASSIFLOEACILE. species, 156 of which are indigenous in America ; the others are widely dispersed in the warmer parts of the Old World. In America the genus ranges from Virginia and Pennsylvania to South Brazil and Chili. 1. PaSSiflora adenophylla, Mast, in Fl. Bras. xiii. pt. 1, p. 568. South Mexico, between Ciudad Eeal and Casata [Linden, 857), without habitats (Galeotti, 5664; Hahn, 2437). Hb. Kew. 2. PaSSiflora adenopoda, DC. Prodr. iii. p. 330 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 32. Passiflora acerifolia, Ch. et Schl. in Linnsea, v. p. 89. South Mexico, valley of Cordova and region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 3263) ; Panama, Boquete (Seemann, 1626). — Venezuela ; Colombia. Hb. Kew. 3. PaSSiflora alnifolia, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. ii. p. 136. ? South Mexico, without locality (Jurgensen, 886). The true plant has a wide range in the States of Colombia. Hb. Kew. ^4. Passiflora auriculata, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. ii. p. 131. Passiflora rohrii, DC. Prodr. iii. p. 326. Nicaragua, Chontales {Tate, 314, 432); Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 122). — West Indies and north part of South America. Hb. Kew. 5. Passiflora bilobata, Juss. in Ann. Mus. vi. p. 107, t. 37. Passiflora contrayerva, Sm. in Rees's Cycl. n. 23. Mexico (Pavon). — San Domingo. 6. Passiflora bryonioides, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. ii. p. 140. Passiflora exudans, Zucc. in Abhandl. bayer. Akad. Wiss. ii. p. 342. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 259) ; South Mexico, near Santa Eosa (Humboldt & Bonpland, Hahn, Coulter, Karwinski). Hb. Kew. 7. Passiflora capsularis, Linn. Sp. Pi. p. 234. Passiflora bilobata, Fl. Hum. ix. t. 78, nee Juss. South Mexico, Mirador (Linden, 752). — Southward to Ecuador and Brazil. Hb. Kew. * 8. Passiflora ceratosepala, Mast, in Fl. Bras. xiii. pt. 1, p. 555. Geratosepalum parviflorum, CErsted, L'Amer. Centr. t. 17. Central America (CErsted). 9. Passiflora COriacea, Juss. in Ann. Mus. vi. p. 109, t. 39. fig. 2. Passiflora difformis, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. ii. p. 136. Passiflora clypeata, Sm. in Rees's Cycl. n. 23. South Mexico, without locality (Liebmann) ; Panama, San Juan, Cruces, Panama, &c. (Seemann, 501). — Jamaica, and Colombia to Peru. Hb. Kew. PASSIFLOEACE^l. 477 10. Passiflora CUneata, Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. p. 696; Mast, in Fl. Bras, xiii. pt. 1, p. 549. Panama, in damp woods, Lion-Hill railway-station (S. Hayes, 601). — Venezuela. Hb. Kew. 11. Passiflora dictamo, DC. Prodr. iii. p. 324 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 28. Mexico. 12. Passiflora edulis, Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1989. Guatemala, Las Nubes, Cerro de Zunil (Salvin). — A variable species, commonly- cultivated for its fruit in Tropical America and other countries. Hb. Kew. 13. Passiflora erythrophylla, Mast, in Fl. Bras. xiii. pt. 1, p. 553. Mexico. — Colombia. 14. Passiflora ftlSCinata, Mast, in Fl. Bras. xiii. pt. 1, p. 551. Passiflora trisetosa, DC.Prodr. iii. p. 324 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 29 ? South Mexico, Mirador (Liebmann). A sketch only in hb. Kew. 15. Passiflora filipes, Benth. PL Hartw. p. 118. Texas. — North Mexico, Victoria de Tamaulipas (Berlandier, 2265) ; South Mexico, dunes near the Pacific Ocean, Oaxaca (Galeotti, 3656). — Also in Peru. Hb. Kew. 16. Passiflora foetida, Linn. Amcen. Acad. i. p. 288, t. 10. Dr. Masters (Fl. Bras. xiii. pars 1, p. 582) defines several varieties, of which the following extend to Central America or Mexico : — Var. gOSSypifolia, Desf. (species); Bot. Peg. t. 1634; Bot. Mag. t. 2619. North Mexico, Zacatecas (Hartweg) ; South Mexico, between Chila and Huanapan, Puebla and Oaxaca (Andrieux, 367), Zimapan [Coulter), 61. Var. Ciliata, Ait. (species) ; Bot. Mag. t. 288. Nicaragua, neighbourhood of Granada (Levy, 120). Var. llirsilta, Linn, (species). Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 117), Cruces (Seemann, 503). Var. hastata, Bertol. (species). South Mexico, Vera Cruz (Linden, 750), Mirador (Linden, 755) ; Guatemala (Velas- quez). Hb. Kew. A variable and widely dispersed species in the tropical and subtropical regions of America, and naturalized in some parts of the Old World. 17. Passiflora glaiica, Ait. Hort. Kew. iii. p. 308; Jacq. Hort. Schcenb. t. 384. South Mexico, without special locality (Hahn). — Venezuela; Colombia. 18. Passiflora hahnii, Mast, in Fl. Bras. xiii. pt. 1, p. 569. Distemma hahnii, Rev. Hort. 1869, p. 430, cum icone. Mexico (Hahn). 478 PASSLFLOEACE^. 19. Passiflora helleri, Peyr. in Linnaea, xxx. p. 54. South Mexico, Mirador, 3000 feet {Heller). 20. Passiflora hispidula, Knowles et Westcott, Bot. Cab. iii. t. 126. Mexico 1 21. Passiflora holosericea, Linn. Amcen. Acad. i. p. 226 ; Bot. Mag. t. 2015 ; Bot. Reg. t. 59. Mexico (Hahn, Liebmann, and others). Hb. Kew. 22. Passiflora inamcena, A. Gray, PI. Wright, ii. p. 59. New Mexico.— North Mexico, Sonora (Wright) ; South Mexico, region of Orizaba, Rio Blanco (Bourgeau, 3263). Hb. Kew. 23. Passiflora jorullensis, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. ii. p. 133. Passiflora meduseea, Lem. in Fl. des Serres, v. t. 528 ; Bot. Mag. t. 4752. South Mexico, Jorullo (Bonjaland), Mazatlan (Seemann, 1516), without habitats (Pavon & KarwinsM). Hb. Kew. 24. Passiflora karwinskii, Mast, in Fl. Bras. xiii. pt. 1, p. 555. Mexico (KarwinsM). Sketch only in hb Kew. 25. Passiflora laurifolia, Linn. Sp. PI. ii. p. 1356; Jacq. Hort.Vindob. ii. 1. 102 ; Bot. Eeg. t. 13. Mexico, Tepinapa and Lacoba (Liebmann). — Brazil and northern parts of South America. Also commonly cultivated for its fruit. Hb. Kew. 26. Passiflora liebmannii, Mast, in Fl. Bras. xiii. pt. 1, p. 547. South Mexico, Venta Salada (Liebmann). Sketch only in hb. Kew. 27. Passiflora ligularis, Juss. in Ann. Mus. Par. vi. t. 40 ; Bot. Mag. t. 2967. Passiflora lowei, Heer in Kegel's Gartenflora, 1852, t. 9. Passiflora serratistipula, DC. Prodr. iii. p. 328 ; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 31? South Mexico, without locality (Galeotti, 3668) ; Costa Rica, without locality (CErsted), wild iu various parts (Polakowsky). — Colombia ; Ecuador. Hb. Kew. ^28. Passiflora lunata, Willd. Sp. PL iii. p. 612 ; Sm. Ic Pict. i. t. 1. Passiflora glabrata, H. JB. K. South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 2099); Nicaragua, Chontales (Tate, 33) ; Costa Rica (CErsted) ; Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 121 ; Sinclair). Hb. Kew. ^Var. COStata, Mast, in Fl. Bras. xiii. pt. 1, p. 552. Guatemala (Friedrichsthal). — Jamaica ; Venezuela ; Colombia. Hb. Kew. 29. Passiflora maximiliana, Bory in Ann. Sc Phys. Gen. ii. p. 149, t. 24. Passiflora vespertilio, Bot. Reg. t. 597, nee Linn. Passiflora discolor, Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 565. Panama, Bujio railway-station (S. Hayes, 356).— Brazil. Hb. Kew. PASSIFLOKACEiE. 479 30. Passiflora membranacea, Benth. PL Hartw. p. 83. South Mexico, Chiapas (Ghiesbreght, 113) ; Guatemala, in the mountains near the town of Old Guatemala (Hartweg). Hb. Kew. 31. Passiflora mexicana, Juss. in Ann. Mus. vi. p. 108, t. 38. fig. 2. North Mexico, Tubac, Sonora {Wright); South Mexico, near Acapulco (Bonpland, KarwinsM). 32. Passiflora multiflora, Linn. Amcen. Acad. i. p. 221, t. 10. fig. 7 ; Cav. Diss. x. t. 272. Costa Eica, without more precise locality ((Ersted). — West Indies. 33. Passiflora cerstedii, Mast, in Fl. Bras. xiii. pt. 1, p. 562. Costa Eica, Mount Aguacate ((Ersted). 34. Passiflora pallens, Pcepp. MSS. ex Mast, in Fl. Bras. xiii. pt. 1, p. 567. Guatemala, Eio Guacalate, 4950 feet (Salviri). — Cuba ; Venezuela. Hb. Kew. 35. Passiflora pannosa, Sim in Eees's Cyclop. 1819, n. 28. South Mexico, Jalisco (Beechey). Hb. Kew. 36. Passiflora pilosa, Euiz et Pav. in DC. Prodr. iii. p. 330. Nicaragua, Chontales (Tate, 149). — Colombia. Hb. Kew. 37. Passiflora pillcliella, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. ii. p. 134. Passiflora divaricata, Griseb. Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 2330), near the city of Panama (S. Hayes, 92). — Vene- zuela ; Colombia. Hb. Kew. 38. Passiflora quadriglandulosa, Eodschied, Obs. p. 77 ; Mast. loc. cit. p. 607. Tacsonia sanguinea, DC. Prodr. iii. p. 334; Bot. Mag. t. 4674. Panama, Manzanilla (Billberg). — Trinidad; Guiana; Brazil. 39. Passiflora quadrangularis, Linn. Syst. p. 1248 ; Jacq. Am. t. 143 ; Bot. Eeg. t. 14. Guatemala (Friedrichsthal) ; Nicaragua, Chontales (Tate, 416) ; Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 119). Hb. Kew. This species is almost universally cultivated in Tropical America ; but Tate states that it is truly wild in Nicaragua. *" 40. Passiflora reflexiflora, Cav. Ic. v. t. 425 ; Mast. loc. cit. p. 569. Tacsonia reflexiflora, Juss. Tacsonia lavis, Benth. South Mexico, region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 2437); Guatemala (Hartweg, 662).— Peru. Hb. Kew. ^41. Passiflora rubra, Linn. Amcen. Acad. i. p. 222, 1. 10. fig. 9 ; Jacq. Ic. Ear. i. t. 186. 480 PASSIFLOEACE^E. Panama, without habitat (Sinclair). — West Indies and southward to Peeu and Brazil. Hb. Kew. "42. Passiflora seemannii, Griseb. in Bonplandia, 1858, p. 7. Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 120 ; Wagner). Hb. Kew. 43. Passiflora serratifolia, Linn. Amcen. Acad. i. p. 217, 1. 10. fig. 1; Bot. Mag. t. 651. South Mexico, Teapa (Linden, 854), Vera Cruz (Houston), without precise localities (Jurgensen, 934 ; Liebmann, 75-82 ; Linden, 894 ; Karwinski). — Guiana. Hb. Kew. 44. Passiflora sexflora, Juss. in Ann. Mus. vi. t. 37. fig. 1. Passiflora floribunda, Lem. Fl. des Serres, t. 335. South Mexico, Santa Cruz (Liebmann, 38), region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 3279; Jurgensen, 796). — West Indies. Hb. Kew. 45. Passiflora sicyoides, Ch. et Schl. Linnsea, v. p. 89 ; Mast, in Fl. Bras. xiii. pt. 1, p. 591. Passiflora odora, Link et Otto, Ic. PI. liar. Hort. Bot. Berol. p. 93, t. 47. South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 62, 63), around Oaxaca (Andrieux, 369). — Also in South Brazil. Hb. Kew. 46. Passiflora spathulata, Mast, in Fl. Bras. xiii. pt. 1, p. 552. Mexico (Liebmann, 13, 14). 47. Passiflora Suberosa, Linn. Amcen. Acad. i. p. 226 ; Jacq. Hort. Vindob. t. 163. Dr. Masters (Fl. Bras. xiii. pt. 1, p. 579) distinguishes six varieties ; but only two or three of them reach Central America. Var. minima, Mast. loc. cit. Mexico, common (ex Masters). — West Indies. Var. hirsuta, Mast. loc. cit. South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 58, 59), Mirador (Linden, 751). Subvar. argentea, Mast. loc. cit. Mexico, Tehuacan (Galeotti, 3663). Hb. Kew. A variable and widely spread species in Tropical America. 48. Passiflora tuberosa, Jacq. Hort. Schcenb. iv. p. 49, t. 496 ; Bot. Eeg. t. 432. South Mexico, near Vera Cruz (Eahn). — West Indies and Guiana. 49. Passiflora viridiflora, Cav. Ic. v. t. 424; Mast, in Fl. Bras. xiii. pt. 1, p. 558. Tacsonia viridiflora, Juss. Passiflora tubiflora, H. B. K. South Mexico, Acapulco (Bonpland, Beechey, Liebmann). Hb. Kew. PASSIFLOKACEJL 481 50. Passiflora vitifolia, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. ii. p. 138. Tacsonia buchanani, Lem. 111. Hort. t. 519. Nicaragua, Chontales {Tate, 169; Seemann, 23); Panama, Cruces, Gorgona, San Juan, &c. {Seemann), Chagres {Fendler, 118; Sinclair; Hinds & Cuming). — This has a wide range in Tropical South America. Hb. Kew. 61. Passiflora, sp. (P. capsulars aft). Costa Kica {JEndres, 70). Hb. Kew. Tribe PAPAYE^E. As limited by Bentham and Hooker, this tribe consists of two genera and about twenty-five species, all restricted to America. 2. CARICA. Carica, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 1127 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 815. Trees or shrubs. About twenty species, widely spread in Tropical America. 1. Carica boissieri, Hemsl. Vasconcellea boissieri, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pars 1, p. 415. Mexico {Pavon). Hb. Boissier. 2. Carica nana, Benth. PL Hartw. p. 288. South Mexico, near Leon {Hartweg). Hb. Kew. 3. Carica peltata, Hook, et Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 425, t. 98. Vasconcellea peltata, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pars 1, p. 416. Nicaragua, Eealejo {Sinclair). Hb. Kew. 4. Carica papaya, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1466. Papaya vulgaris, DC. in Lam. Diet. v. p. 2. South Mexico, Chila, Puebla {Andrieux, 371), in woods about Papantla {Schiede & Deppe), valley of Cordova {Bourgeau, 2324) ; Nicaragua, Realejo {Beechey). Hb. Kew. A native of Tropical America, and now widely dispersed, though in many places it occurs only as a waif of cultivation. It is also cultivated and naturalized in other warm countries. 5. Carica, sp. South Mexico, valley of Cordova {Bourgeau). Hb. Kew. 6. Carica, sp. Nicaragua, neighbourhood of Granada {Levy, 1017). Hb. Kew. biol. cent.-amer., Bot. Vol. 1, August 1880. 3 q 482 PASSIFLOEACKE. 3. JACAEATIA. Jacaratia, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pars 1, p. 419 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 815. Small trees. Four or five species, inhabiting Brazil, Guiana, and Mexico. 1. Jacaratia mexicana, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pars 1, p. 420. Mexico (Mogino). Order LXIL CUCURBITACE^E. GucurHtacetB, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 816. About 530 species, in seventy-five genera. They are herbaceous or rarely woody plants, generally inhabiting warm countries, and most abundant in tropical regions*. [The following Old- World Cucurbitacese are cultivated in Central America and Mexico, and more or less naturalized : — Citrullus vulgaris, Schrad. ; Cucumis melo, Linn. ; Cucumis sativa, Linn. ; Lagenaria vulgaris, Ser. ; Cucurbita maxima, Duch. ; Luffa cegyptiaca, Mill. ; Luffa acutangula, Eoxb.J Tribe CUCUMEKJNE.E. 1. MOMOEDICA. Momordica, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 1090 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 825. About twenty-six species, principally restricted to the Old World. Some botanists regard the following species as really indigenous in some parts of the New World : — 1. Momordica balsamina, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1433 ; Lam. 111. t. 794. fig. 1. A native of most tropical countries of the Old Wobld, introduced into America, where it has become wild. Hb. Kew. 2. Momordica charantia, Linn. Sp. Pi. p. 1433 ; Bot. Mag. t. 2455. Common, and possibly indigenous, in Tropical America, from Mexico to Brazil, though it may have been originally introduced from the Old World, where it abounds nearly throughout the tropics. Hb. Kew. 2 LUFFA. Luffa, Cav. Ic. i. p. 7 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 823. About ten species, dispersed in tropical countries. * Prof. A. Cogniaux, who has studied the collections at Kew for the purposes of his monograph of the order, has kindly revised the synonymy, in part, of this enumeration. CTTCURBITACE^E. 483 1. Luffa OperCTllata, Cogn. in Mart. Fl. Bras. fasc. lxxviii. p. 12. Lvffa quinquefida, Seem. Bot. Voy. 'Herald/ p. 285. Elaterium quinquefidwm, Hook, et Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 292. Momordica quinquefida, Hook, et Arn. loc. cit. p. 424. South Mexico, Acapulco (Lay, Collie & Sinclair) ; Central America ((Ersted, 66). — Widely dispersed in Tropical South America. Hb. Kew. 3. CUCUMIS. Cucumis, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 1092 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 826. About twenty-five species, generally diffused in the tropics, but most numerous in Africa and Asia. 1. Cucumis anguria, Linn. Sp. PL p. 1446; Descourt. Fl. Med. Antill. v. p. 97, t. 329. Florida; Texas. — Central America (ex Cogniaux). — West Indies and Colombia to Brazil. 2. Cucumis campechianus, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. ii. p. 122. South Mexico, coast of Campeche (Humboldt & Bonpland). Hb. Kew. Cogniaux, we believe, regards this as a variety of C. melo. 4. CUCURBITA. Cucurbita, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 1091 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 828. About ten or twelve species, inhabiting the warm parts of Asia, Africa, and America. 1. Cucurbita digitata, A. Gray, PI. Wright, ii. p. 60. New Mexico. — North Mexico, valleys among the mountains of Sonora (Schott). Hb. Kew. 2. Cucurbita perennis, A. Gray, PI. Lindh. ii. p. 193. Cucumis ? perennis, James in Long's Exped. ii. p. 345. Cucumis foetidissima, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. ii. p. 123. Rocky Mountains to Texas. — South Mexico, very common around Guanaxuato, at about 6500 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland). 3. Cucurbita radicans, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 5, vi. p. 8. South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1610). Hb. Kew. 5. PEPONOPSIS. Peponopsis,. Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, xii. p. 88; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 829. The genus is at present limited to the following species : — 3^2 484 CUCUEBITACE.E. 1. Peponopsis adherens, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, xii. p. 89. Mexico % 2. Peponopsis, sp. Sooth Mexico, Wartenberg, near Tantoynca (Ervendberg, 354). Hb. Kew. 6. MELOTHEIA. Melothria, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 50 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 830. About thirty species, generally dispersed in the tropics. 1. Melothria SCabra, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 5, vi. p. 10. South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1614), Cuernavaca, Iturbide (Bourgeau, 1387), Jalapa (Galeotti, 1182*). Hb. Kew. 2. Melothria, sp. South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 42). Hb. Kew. 3. Melothria ?, sp. Mexico (Hahn, 1). Hb. Kew. U. Melothria?, sp. Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 124). Hb. Kew. [M. pervaga, Griseb. (Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 289), it is stated, inhabits Mexico ; and probably some of the foregoing numbers belong to it.] 7. ANGUEIA. Anguria, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 1037 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 833. The genus is exclusively American. Cogniaux, in his recent ' Diagnoses de Cucur- bitacees Nouvelles,' enumerates sixteen species. 1. Anguria longipeduncnlata, Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. Nouv. fasc i. p. 21. South Mexico, near Catemaco ( Galeotti). V 2. Anguria pedata, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1376 ; Jacq. Amer. t. 155. Panama, near the city of Panama (Seemann, 109), — West Indies. 3. Anguria umbrosa, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. ii. p. 121. Mexico; Central America (ex Cogniaux). — Colombia; Venezuela; Guiana; Brazil. 4. Anguria warscewiczii, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5304. South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1687), Mirador (Linden, 437), Jalapa, CUCTTKBITACftffl. 485 3000 feet {Galeotti, 7095) ; Nicaragua, Chontales (Tate, 287) ; Panama, Barbacoas railway-station (S. Hayes, 128), outskirts of woods (Seemann). — Venezuela. Hb. Kew. 5. Anguria, sp. Costa Eica (Endres, 198). Hb. Kew. 8. GUEANIA. Gurania, Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. Nouv. fasc. i. p. 13. Cogniaux separates, under this name, a number of species referred by previous botanists to Anguria. He enumerates forty-seven species, all inhabiting Tropical America, chiefly the western parts. 1. Gurania COCCinea, Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. Nouv. fasc. i. p. 42. Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 125). Hb. Kew. 2. Gurania COStaricensis, Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. Nouv. fasc. i. p. 37. Costa Eica ((Ersted, Warszewicz). 3. Gurania levyana, Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. Nouv. fasc. i. p. 26. Nicaragua, Chontales, 2000 feet {Levy, 468 ; Tate, 107, 108, and 275) ; Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 126). Hb. Kew. 4. Gurania makoyana, Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. Nouv. fasc. i. p. 17. Anguria makoyana, Lem. Fl. des Serres, iii. t. 222. Guatemala. 5. Gurania seemanniana, Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. Nouv. fasc. i. p. 35. Anguria eriantha, Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald/ p. 127, nee Poepp. et Endl. Panama, near Cruces (Seemann, 504), Empire railway-station (S. Hayes, 134). Hb. Kew. 6. Gurania wageneriana, Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. Nouv. fasc. i. p. 17. Anguria wageneriana, Schl. in Linnsea, xviii. p. 785. Mexico. — Colombia. 9. SICYDIUM. Sicydium, A. Gray in Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. vi. p. 194; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 833. Two or three species in Texas and Mexico. 1. Sicydium lindheimeri, A. Gray, Pi. Lindh. ii. p. 194. Texas ; New Mexico. — North Mexico, mountains of Sonora (Schott), between Leon and the Eio Grande (Bigelow), Cerralvo ( Wislizenus), region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 260). Hb. Kew. 486 CUCUEBITACE^E. 10. APODANTHEEA. Apodanthera, Arn. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 274 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 834. About twelve species, ranging from Mexico to Peru. 1. Apodanthera aspera, Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. Nouv. fasc. ii. p. 43. South Mexico, Oaxaca (Liebmann, 56). 2. Apodanthera buraeavi, Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. Nouv. fasc. ii. p. 44. South Mexico (Andrieux, 175). Hb. Kew. 3. Apodanthera galeottii, Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. Nouv. fasc. ii. p. 45. South Mexico, barren fields of the tableland of Puebla, 5500 feet (Galeotti, 1886*). Hb. Kew. 4. Apodanthera gracilis, Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. p. 99. Texas.— South Mexico, Jalapa, 3000 to 4000 feet (Galeotti, 1884) ; Panama, in hedges near the city of Panama (Seemann, 451), Isle of Taboga (Sinclair), Chagres (Fendler, 123 ; S. Hayes, 202). — Colombia ; Ecuador. Hb. Kew. 5. Apodanthera ? undulata, A. Gray, Pi. Wright, ii. p. 60. New Mexico; Arizona. — North Mexico, Santa Cruz, Sonora (Schott, Thurber), region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 262). Hb. Kew. Tribe ABOBRE^l. 11. TEIANOSPEKMA. Trianosperma, Mart. Syst. Mat. Med. Bras. p. 79 j Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 835. About fifteen species — one indigenous in West Tropical Africa, and all the rest in Tropical America. 1. Trianosperma attenuata, Hemsley. Bryonia attenuata, Hook, et Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 424. South America, Acapulco (Sinclair, Beechey) ; Guatemala, Mazatenango (Bernoulli, 1206). Hb. Kew. 2. Trianosperma racemosa, Hemsley. Bryonia racemosa, Mill. Diet, ex Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. ii. p. 1148 ; Plum. Descr. t. 97 ; Descourt. PI. Med. Antill. ii. t. 136. Cionandra racemosa, Griseb. Fl. Brit. West Ind. p. 286. South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1616, 1968). — West Indies. Tribe ELATERIE^E. 12. ECHINOCYSTIS. Echinocystis, Torr. et Gray, Fl. N. Am. i. p. 542; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 835. About twenty species, inhabiting America from Canada to the southern tropic. CTJCUEBITACILE. 487 1. EcllinOCystis COulteri, Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. Nouv. fasc. ii. p. 88. Elaterium? coulteri, A. Gray, PI. Wright, ii. p. 61. Echinopepon horridus, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 5, vi. p. 19. North Mexico, Zacatecas (Coulter, 51); South Mexico, Orizaba (Botteri, 573), Escamela region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 3266). — Central America. Hb. Kew. 2. EcllinOCystis floribimda, Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. Nouv. fasc. ii. p. 89. South Mexico, Comaltepec (Liebmann), Oaxaca (Liebmann), Oaxaca, 5000 feet (Galeotti, 1890). Hb. Kew. 3. EcllinOCystis gemella, Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. Nouv. fasc ii. p. 88. Elaterium gemellum, Ser. in DC. Prodr. iii. p. 310 ; DC. Caiques des Dess. M. Mex. xxxviii. fig. B. Sicyos eremocarpus, Peyritsch in Linnsea, xxx. p. 56, non Schauer. South Mexico, without locality (Mogino & Sessf), in the warmer region near San Angel, Cuernavaca (Schaffner, 30). Hb. Kew. 4. EcllinOCystis glutinosa, Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. Nouv. fasc. ii. p. 92. Mexico, cultivated in the Jardin des Plantes at Paris from seeds sent thither by Bourgeau. Hb. Paris. 5. EcllinOCystis lanata, Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. Nouv. fasc. ii. p. 92. South Mexico, Guatulco (Liebmann, 49). 6. EcllinOCystis longispina, Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. Nouv. fasc. ii. p. 91. South Mexico, Jorullo (Schiede, 1080). 7. EcllinOCystis milleflora, Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. Nouv. fasc. ii. p. 88. Echinopepon milleflorus, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 5, vi. p. 18. South Mexico, mountain-valleys near the city of Mexico (Bourgeau). Hb. Paris. 8. EcllinOCystis panicillata, Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. Nouv. fasc. ii. p. 90. South Mexico, Sola (Galeotti). 9. EcllinOCystis pubescens, Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. Nouv. fasc. ii. p. 88. Elaterium pubescens, Benth. PI. Hartw. p. 6. North Mexico, Zacatecas (Eartweg, 15). Hb. Kew. 10. EcllinOCystis torquata, Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. Nouv. fasc. ii. p. 88. Elaterium torquatum, Ser. in DC. Prodr. iii. p. 310 ; DC. Caiques des Dess. PI. Mex. xxxviii. fig. C. Echinopepon quinguelobatus, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 5, vi. p. 19. Sicyos gymnacanthus, Griseb. in Schaffner, PI. Mex. n. 28. Mexico, without locality (Mogino & Sesse), valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 1060). Hb. Kew. 11. EcllinOCystis wrightii, Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. Nouv. fasc. ii. p. 88. Elaterium ? wrightii, A. Gray, PI. Wright, i. p. 61. New Mexico. — North Mexico, Magdalena, Sonora (Thurber), Guadalupe Pass (Wright) ; South Mexico, Guadalupe, valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 789). Hb. Kew. 488 CUCUEBITACILE. 13. ELATEEIUM. Elateriwm, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 1036 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 835. An exclusively American genus, consisting of about twenty species, inhabiting Mexico and the northern part of South America. l. Elaterium carthaginense, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1375. Panama (Duchassaing). — Teopical South Ameeica. 'y 2. Elaterium ciliatum, Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. Nouv. fasc. ii. p. 54. Guatemala, Volcan de Agua ((Ersted), Mazatenango (Bernoulli) ; Costa Eica, Ujaras ((Ersted). 3. Elaterium filifbrme, Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. Nouv. fasc. ii. p. 53. South Mexico, San Carlos (Liebmann, 29, 30). 4. Elaterium gracile, Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. Nouv. fasc. ii. p. 51. Rhytidostylis gracilis, Hook, et Arn. Bot. Voy. Beech, p. 424, t. 97, a. South Mexico, woods near the Pacific Ocean, Oaxaca (Galeotti, 1589) ; Guatemala, Mazatenango (Bernoulli, 1186) ; Nicaragua, Eealejo (Sinclair) • Costa Eica, at 3500 feet (Endres, 5) ; Panama, near Frijoli railway-station (S. Hayes, 139), near the city of Panama (Seemann, 112). — Colombia. Hb. Kew. w5. Elaterium longiflorum, Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. Nouv. fasc. ii. p. 54. Panama (Duchassaing, Wagner). Hb. Paris. 6. Elaterium quadrifidum, Ser. in DC. Prodr. iii. p. 310. Mexico. 14. HANBUEIA. Hanburia, Seem. Bonpl. 1858, p. 293 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 836. The genus is restricted to Mexico. 1. Hanburia mexicana, Seem. Bonplandia, 1858, p. 293 ; 1859, p. 2 ; 1862, p. 189, t. 12. South Mexico, near Cordova (Finck ; Bourgeau, 1832), region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 2426). Hb. Kew. 15. CYCLANTHEEA. Cyclanthera, Schrader, Ind. Sem. Hort. Goett. et in Linnaea, xii. p. 408 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 836. An American genus of thirty-two known species, ranging from Texas and New Mexico to Peru and Brazil. l. Cyclanthera bourgseana, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 5, vi. p. 17. Mexico (Bourgeau). CTJCUEBITACE^E. 489 2. Cyclanthera brachystachya, Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. Nouv. fasc. ii. p. 64. Elaterium brachystachyum,'Ser. in DC. Prodr. iii. p. 310; DC, Caiques des Dess. PI. Mex. xxxviii. fig. P. Mexico (Mopino & Sesse). 3. Cyclanthera COStaricensis, Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. Nouv. fasc. ii. p. 73. Costa Kica, San Jose ((Ersted, 23). Var. 0. angustiloba, Cogn. loc. cit. Costa Eica, Ujaras ((Ersted, 24). 4. Cyclanthera dissecta, Arn. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 280. Echinocystis pedata, Scheele in Linnsea, xxi. p. 587. Discanthera dissecta, Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i. p. 697. Texas ; New Mexico. — North Mexico, Puerto de Paysano, Sonora (Bigelow) ; South Mexico, region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 3049; Milller), Zacoalco, valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 786), Zimapan (Coulter, 46) ; Panama, around the city of Panama (Seemann). Hb. Kew. 5. Cyclanthera eremocarpa, Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. Nouv. fasc. ii. p. 63. Sicyos eremocarpus, Schauer in Linnaea, xx. p. 722. South Mexico, valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 784, 787), Guadalupe (Bilimek, 149), Toluca, Cocustepec, 8800 feet (Heller), without locality (Aschenborn, 325). Hb. Kew. 6. Cyclanthera explodens, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, xii. p. 161. South Mexico, Orizaba (Botteri, 563). — Venezuela; Colombia. Hb. Kew. 7. Cyclanthera filifera, Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. Nouv. fasc. ii. p. 72. Guatemala, Mazatenango (Bernoulli, 1201). Hb. Kew. 8. Cyclanthera gracillima, Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. Nouv. fasc. ii. p. 71. South Mexico, Guatulco (Liebmann, 43, 65). 9. Cyclanthera hastata, Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. Nouv. fasc. ii. p. 64. Elaterium hastatvm, H. B. K. Nov. Gen.et Sp. ii. p. 120. South Mexico, near Pazcuaro, and on the slopes of the Volcan de Jorullo, 3250 to 6775 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland). 10. Cyclanthera integrifoliola, Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. Nouv. fasc. ii. p. 65. South Mexico, near Morelia, 6000 to 7500 feet (Galeotti, 7201), Zimapan (Coulter, 48). Var. (3. angUStifolia, Cogn. loc. cit. South Mexico, Eegla, 6000 feet (Galeotti, 1901 bis). Hb. Kew. 11. Cyclanthera langaei, Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. Nouv. fasc. ii. p. 67. South Mexico, region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 3049). Hb. Kew. 12. Cyclanthera nraltifbliola, Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. Nouv. fasc. ii. p. 66. South Mexico, shores of the Pacific (Galeotti, 1889, 1889*), San Augustin (Liebmann). Hb. Kew. biol. cent.-amek., Bot. Vol. 1, August 1880. 3 r 490 CUCUEBITACTLS. 13. Cyclantliera pedata, Schrad. Ind. Sem. Hort. Goetting. 1831, et in Linnsea, viii. Litteratur-Bericht, p. 23. Momordica pedata, Linn. South Mexico, region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 3265 ; Botteri, 562) ; Guatemala, Maza- tenango (Bernoulli, 1201). — Colombia and Venezuela to Peru. Hb. Kew. 14. Cyclanthera ribiflora, Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. Nouv. fasc. ii. p. 63. Elaterium ribiflorum, Schl. in Linnsea, vii. p'. 388. Elateriwm biflorum, Dietr. Syn. PI. v. p. 372. South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 47), Pacific coast, Oaxaca, at 4000 to 6000 feet (Galeotti, 1888), common around Belen, Tacubaya (Schaffner, 29), near Hacienda de la Laguna (Schiede). Hb. Kew. 15. Cyclanthera tamnoides, Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. Nouv. fasc. ii. p. 64. Elaterium tamnoides, Willd. Enum. PI. Hort. Berol. p. 950. Mexico 1 Tribe SICYOIDE^E. 16. SICYOS. Sicyos, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 1094 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 837. About twenty species, inhabiting the warmer parts of America, the Pacific Islands, and Australia. 1. Sicyos angulatus, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1438. Canada and New Yoke, southward to — South Mexico, valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 45), near Tantoyuca (Ervendierg) ; Panama, common (Seemann, 110 ; S. Hayes, 210). Hb. Kew. 2. SicyOS depauperatus, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 5, vi. p. 23. South Mexico, among bushes near Santa Fe in the valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 973). Hb. Kew. 3. SicyOS deppei, Don, Gen. Syst. iii. p. 34. Sicyos bourgeanus, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 5, vi. p. 22. South Mexico, near Jalapa (Schiede & Deppe), Orizaba (Botteri, 564), valleys of Mexico and Cordova (Bourgeau, 45, 1611). Hb. Kew. 4. SicyOS microphyllus, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. ii. p. 119. South Mexico, Volcan de Jorullo (Humboldt & Bonpland). 5. Sicyos parviflorus, Willd. Sp. Pi. iv. p. 626. New Mexico. — Nobth Mexico ; South Mexico, Chiquihuita, valley of Mexico (Bour- geau, 1058), Eeal del Monte (Coulter, 50). Hb. Kew. CUCUEBITACEJS. 491 6. SicyOS parvifolius, A. Gray ex Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 5, vi. p. 22. South Mexico (Bourgeau). 7. SicyOS vitifblius, Hook, et Am. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 292. South Mexico, Tepic {Lay). Hb. Kew. 17. SICYOSPEEMA. Sicyosperma, A. Gray, PI. Wright, ii. p. 62; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 837. Monotypic. 1. Sicyosperma gracile, A. Gray, PI. Wright, ii. p. 62. North Mexico, Santa Cruz, Sonora ( Wright). Hb. Kew. 18. SECHIUM. Sechium, P. Browne, Nat. Hist. Jam. t. 355 j Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 837. Bentham and Hooker limit the genus to S. edule, a commonly cultivated plant in warm countries. 1. Sechium edule, Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. ii. p. 1150. Sechium chayota, Jacq. Amer. t. 163. South Mexico, Santa Anita near Mexico {Bourgeau, 626), Orizaba {Botteri, 574), valley of Cordova {Bourgeau, 1698) ; Panama, without locality {Seemann). — West Indies and Tropical South America. Hb. Kew. 19. TEICEEATIA. Triceratia, A. Rich. Fl. Cub. p. 614 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 838. Besides the following, there is a doubtful species, the Fevillea monosperma of the Fl. Flum. x. t. 103. 1. Triceratia bryonioides, A. Eich. Fl. Cub. p. 614, t. 44. fig. 2. Fevillea tamnifolia, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vii. t. 640. Sicydium schiedeanum, Schl. in Linnsea, vii. p. 388. South Mexico, dense forests of Teapa {Linden, 987), Hacienda de la Laguna {Schiede) ; Nicaragua, neighbourhood of Granada {Levy, 279) ; Panama {S. Hayes, 191). — West Indies and the northern parts of South America. Hb. Kew. 20. MICEOSECHIUM. Microsechiwm, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 5, vi. p. 25 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 838. Eestricted to Mexico and Guatemala. 1. Microsechium guatemalense, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 16. (Tab. XX£l.) Foliis asperis cordiformibus 5-partitis segmentis lateralibua patentibus caeteris duplo triplove 3r2 492 CUCUEBITACEiE. brevioribus, racemis masculis plurifloris quam folia duplo longioribus, floribus femininis ssepissime geminis sessilibus, pedunculis quam f oba multo brevioribus, masculinis coaxillaribus. Herba alte scandens, ramulis gracibbus, angulatis. Folia petiolata, membranacea, scabrida, cordi- formia, 5-partita, lamina ad 2^-3 poll, diametro, segmentis acutissimis, lateralibus patentibus, cseteris duplo triplove brevioribus, sinibus inter segmenta rotundatis, petiolo ad sesquipollicari, cirris ssepissime tripartitis. Flares pilis albis longiusculis sparsis obsiti, monoici, utriusque sexus ex eadem axilla : masculini pedicellati, racemosi, racemis longissime pedunculatis ; feminini ssepissime geminati et ad apicem pedunculi petiolum aequantis sessiles. Flares (J tetrameri, ad semipoll. diametro; calycis lobi subulati; corolla venosa; stamina 4, fila- mentis a basi liberis, antberis unilocularibus (vel stam. 2, antberarum loculis discretis, con- nectivo alte bifarco) ; ovarium rudimentarium nullum. Flares $ trimeri, masculinis minores ; ovarium uniloculare, stylo gracili exserto, stigmate crasso trilobato. Fructus oblongus, tu- berculato-spinosulus, ad 9 lin. longus. Guatemala, ridge above Calderas, Volcan de Fuego, at 8300 feet (Salvin). Hb. Kew. EXPLANATION OF TAB. XXXI. Portion of plant, nat. size. Fig. 1, male flower unexpanded ; 2, female flower expanded ; 3, male flower expanded ; 4, vertical section of unripe fruit. 2. Microsechium ruderale, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 5, vi. p. 25. Sicyos helleri, Peyr. in Linnaea, xxx. p. 56. Sechium palmatwm, DC. Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 355. Noeth Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 261) ; South Mexico, region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 2984, 3051), at 10,000 feet (Galeotti, 1895), at 9000 to 9800 feet (Linden, 435, 436), Jalapa (Linden, 433), woods of Oaxaca (Galeotti, 1880, 1887), near the city of Toluca, 8800 (Heller), Guadalupe, valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 783), among bushes near the city of Mexico (Bourgeau, 621). Hb. Kew. 21. SECHIOPSIS. Sechiopsis, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 5, vi. p. 23 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 838. The only species : — 1. Sechiopsis triquetra, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 5, vi. p. 24. Sicyos triqueter, Moc. et Sesse. South Mexico, Cuernavaca, Iturbide (Bourgeau, 1198). Hb. Kew. 22. SCHIZOCAEPUM. Schizocarpum, Scbrad. in Linnaea, vi. Litteratur-Bericbt, p. 73 ; Bentb. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 825. This genus was not recognized by Bentham and Hooker ; but Cogniaux has since been able to identify it by means of the type specimen. It is limited to the following species : — CUCUKBITACE^. 493 1. Schizocarpum filiforme, Schrad. in Linnsea, vi. Litteratur-Bericht, p. 73. South Mexico, rocks of the eastern Cordillera of Oaxaca, at 7000 feet (Oaleotti, 1891), without locality (Parkinson). Hb. Kew. We have not ascertained the position of this genus. CUCURBITACE^ DUBLE. 1. Sphenantha SCabra, Schrad. in Linnsea, xii. p. 416. " Ex descriptione a Cucurbita non differere videtur." — Benth. et Hook. Gen. PI. i. p. 829. 2. Polyclathra CUCUmerina, Bertol. Fl. Guat. p. 38, 1. 11, Esquintla (Velasquez), not mentioned by Bentham and Hooker, is the same, according to Cogniaux, as Pentaclathra, Bertol. in Nov. Comm. Acad. Bonon. iv. p. 438, t. 46, " planta Guatemalensis pessime descripta, floribus ignotis dubia remanet." — Benth. et Hook. Gen. PI. i. p. 820. Order LXIII. BEGONIACE.E. Begoniacees, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 841 ; A. DC. Prodr. xv. pars 1, p. 266. There are three genera, and nearly 400 species, of this family. With few exceptions they are herbaceous plants inhabiting the mountains of equatorial and subtropical countries. None has hitherto been detected in Australia or New Zealand. 1. BEGONIA. Begonia, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 1156; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 841. Including Mezierea and Casparya(n.o species of which, however, occurs in our region), this genus embraces 390 species, much the larger number of which are American, extending from Mexico to Chili, but especially numerous in Mexico and Brazil. 1. Begonia acutiloba, Liebm. Mex. og Cent. Am. Beg. p. 13. South Mexico, towards Santiago, Amatlan, Oaxaca (Liebmann). 2. Begonia angUStifolia, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pars 1, p. 307. Begonia dentata, Pav. ined. Mexico (Pavon). 3. Begonia anodasfolia, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pars 1, p. 307. South Mexico, mountains near the Pacific Ocean, 6000 to 8000 feet (Galeotti, 191). Hb. Kew. 4. Begonia balmisiana, Kuiz, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pars 1, p. 308. Begonia populifolia, H.B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vii. t. 643. South Mexico, Pazcuaro (Humboldt & Bonpland) ; Toluca (Heller). Hb. Kew. 494 BEGONIACE^E. Var. /3. mitellifolia, A. DC. loc. cit. South Mexico, near Morelia, 6500 feet (Galeotti, 202). Hb. Kew. 5. Begonia barken, Knowles & Westcott, Flor. Cab. iii. p. 179, t. 135. Mexico. 1 6. Begonia biserrata, Lindl. in Journ. Hort. Soc. ii. p. 313; Bot. Mag. t. 4746. Guatemala, Volcan de Fuego, 5300 feet (Salvin). Hb. Kew. 7. Begonia boissieri, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pars 1, p. 311. Mexico % (Pavon). Hb. Boissier. f 8. Begonia broussonnetiaefolia, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pars 1, p. 340. Guatemala (Friedrichsthal). Hb. Vindb. 9. Begonia bulbillifera, Link et Otto, Ic. PL Ear. p. 89, t. 45 ; Paxt. PI. Gard. iii. p. 15, cum icone. South Mexico, Cuaximalpo (KarwinsM), without locality (Bates). Hb. Kew. 10. Begonia Cardiocarpa, Liebm. Mex. og Cent. Am. Beg. p. 13. Nicaragua, Mount Pantasmo, Segovia ((Ersted). ill. Begonia carolini£efolia, Regel, Gartenflora, i. p. 259, t. 25. Begonia rotata, Liebm. South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1843); eastern Mexico (Sumichrast, 1597) ; Guatemala. Hb. Kew. * 12. Begonia carpinifolia, Liebm. Mex. og Cent. Am. Beg. p. 20. Costa Pica, Candelaria Mountains, 6000 feet ((Ersted). 1 13. Begonia COnchaefblia, Dietr. Allg. Gartz. 1851, v. p. 258 ; Eef. Bot. t. 246. Begonia scutellata, Liebm. Costa Rica, Candelaria Mountains ((Ersted). Hb. Kew. W14. Begonia crassicaulis, Lindl. Bot. Peg. 1842, Misc. no. 21; ibid. t. 44. Guatemala. Eaised in the Horticultural Society's garden from seeds sent home by Hartweg. 15. Begonia crenatifolia, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pars 1, p. 306. South Mexico (Galeotti, 183). 16. Begonia dealbata, Liebm. Mex. og Cent. Am. Beg. p. 5. South Mexico, Sierra of Oaxaca (IAebmann). 17. Begonia decandra, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pars 1, p. 288. Mexico (Pawn). Hb. Boiss. BEGONIACE.E. 495 18. Begonia donkelaariana, Lem. Jard. Fleur. i. Misc. p. 34. Mexico ] Introduced into the nurseries at Ghent. 19. Begonia falciloba, Liebm. Mex. og Cent. Am. Beg. p. 15. South Mexico, rocks and damp places at 3000 feet, Cordillera of Oaxaca (Galeotti, 193 ; Jurgensen, 807). Hb. Kew. 20. Begonia filipes, Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. p. 101. Costa Eica, Mombacho and Aguacate ((Ersted) ; Panama, in damp places, Santiago de Veraguas, San Juan, Cruces, and Gorgona (Seemann, 560), Isle of Taboga (Sin- clair), Empire railway-station (S. Hayes, 278). Hb. Kew. 21. Begonia fimbriata, Liebm. Mex. og Cent. Am. Beg. p. 18. South Mexico, clothing humid shady rocks in the sierras of Teapa, Tabasco (Linden, 37). Hb. Kew. 22. Begonia flexUOSa, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pars 1, p. 382. Begonia humilis, Dry., var. glabrata, Seem. Nicaragua, Chontales (Seemann, 45). Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 297). Hb. Kew. 23. Begonia franconis, Liebm. Mex. og Cent. Am. Beg. p. 22. Begonia parviflora, Liebm. South Mexico, Oaxaca (Liebmann). 24. Begonia fllSCa, Liebm. Mex. og Cent. Am. Beg. p. 7. South Mexico, mountains of Oaxaca, 3000 to 5000 feet (Liebmann, Sumichrast). 25. Begonia glandulosa, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pars 1, p. 339 ; Bot. Mag. t. 5256. Begonia hernandifolia, Seem. South Mexico (Jurgensen, 903) ; Costa Rica (Hoffmann) ; Panama, San Lorenzo, Veraguas (Seemann, 1662). Hb. Kew. 26. Begonia gracilis, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vii. p. 184 ; A. DC. Prodr. xv. pars 1, p. 310. South Mexico. Var. a. gracilis, A. DC. loc. cit. In woods near Pazcuaro (Humboldt & Bonpland). Var. j3. depauperata, A. DC. loc. cit. In dark woods, Oaxaca (Galeotti, 192). Var. y. membranacea, A. DC. loc. cit. In woods (Ghiesbreght, 347). Var. 8. nervipilosa, A. DC. loc. cit. In mountain-woods (Ghiesbreght, 222, 223). ' 496 BEGONIACE^. Var. e. annulata, A. DC. loc. cit. Orizaba (Botteri, Salle). Var. jj. martiana, Link et Otto (species). North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 263) ; South Mexico, Yavesia, Oaxaca (Liebmann), Real del Monte (Coulter, 1416), valley of Mexico (Schaffner, 462 ; Bourgeau), Toluca (Heller), Cuaximalpa (Karwinski). Var. t diversi&lia, Grah. (species) Bot. Mag. t. 2966. Garden variety. Hb. Kew. 27. Begonia heracleifolia, Ch. et Schl. in Linnsea, v. p. 603; Bot. Mag. t. 3444 ; Bot. Reg. t. 1668. South Mexico, Mirador (Linden, 34 ; Heller), valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1583 ; Swmichrast, 1595), Colipa and Mirador (Liebmann). Hb. Kew. 28. Begonia hnmilis, Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1, iii. p. 353. South Mexico, near Tantoyuca (JErvendberg, 320). — WestLndies; Guiana; Vejsezuela. Hb. Kew. 29. Begonia hydrocotylifolia, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3968. South Mexico, no special locality recorded. Var. /3. asarifolia, Liebm. (species). South Mexico, Barranca de Teosola, Vera Cruz (Linden, 32). Hb. Kew. 30. Begonia ignea, Warszewicz, ex DC. Prodr. xv. pars 1, p. 306. Guatemala (Warszewicz) ; Costa Rica (Hoffmann). Hb. Berol. 31. Begonia imperialis, Lem. 111. Hort. vii. Misc. p. 53, et viii. t. 274. South Mexico, introduced into European gardens (Ghiesbreght). 32. Begonia incaiia, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1841, Misc. n. 73, nee Kl. South Mexico, Mirador (Liebmann). Hb. Kew. 33. Begonia incarnata, Link et Otto, Pi. Sel. p. 37, 1. 19. Begonia insignis, Grah. Bot. Mag. t. 2900 ; Bot. Reg. t. 1996. South Mexico, Colipa (Liebmann), region of Orizaba, at Izbuatlancillo (Bourgeau, 2494 ; Jurgensen, 615). Hb. Kew. U54. Begonia involucrata, Liebm. Mex. og Cent. Am. Beg. p. 15. Costa Rica, Candelaria Mountains (CErsted). Hb. Kew. 35. Begonia karwinskiana, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pars 1, p. 341. South Mexico, Izcatlan (Karwinski). Hb. Petrop. ^36. Begonia laciniosa, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pars 1, p. 340. Central Amekiua, introduced into European gardens (Warszewicz). BEGONIACE^l. 497 37. Begonia liebmanni, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pars l, p. 345. Begonia repens, Liebm. nee Benth. South Mexico, Huitamalco, Puebla {Liebmann). Hb. Kew. 38. Begonia lindleyana, Walp. Rep. ii. p. 209. Begonia vitifolia, Lindl. nee Schott. Guatemala, introduced into the gardens of the Horticultural Society of London (Hartweg). 39. Begonia loblllata, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pars 1, p. 339. South Mexico, Trinidad, valley of Cordova {Bourgeau, 2100), pine-forests, Chiapas {Linden, 40). Hb. Kew. 40. Begonia locellata, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pars 1, p. 362. South Mexico {Jurgensen, 958). Hb. Kew. 41. Begonia longipes, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3001. Begonia reniformis, Dry. " Mexico, introduced into English gardens." This is probably a Brazilian species. 42. Begonia ludicra, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pars 1, p. 340. South Mexico, swamps of Jalapa, 4000 feet {Galeotti, 189; Linden, 31). Hb. Kew. 43. Begonia manicata, Brongn. ined. et Vis. Orto di Padov. 1842, p. 135. Begonia schizolepis et B. lepidota, Liebm. South Mexico, valley of Cordova {Bourgeau, 1983, 1985), Mirador {Liebmann), ravines at 3000 feet in the Cordillera of Vera Cruz {Galeotti, 198). Hb. Kew. 44. Begonia maxima, Hort. Berol., A. DC. Prodr. xv. pars 1, p. 334. Mexico ■? 45. Begonia megaphylla, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pars 1, p. 341. South Mexico, region of Orizaba, Santa Teresa {Bourgeau, 2968), Vera Cruz {Linden, 29), near Tantoyuca {Ervendberg, 334). Hb. Kew. 46. Begonia modesta, Liebm. Mex. og Cent. Am.' Beg. p. 21. North Mexico, San Luis Potosi to Tampico {Palmer, IQ§&) ; South Mexico, Colipa {Liebmann). Hb. Kew. 47. Begonia monophylla, Pav., DC. Prodr. xv. pars 1, p. 284. Mexico 1 (" New Spain," Pawn, in Hb. Boissier). 48. Begonia monoptera, Link et Otto, Ic. PI. Ear. t. 14 ; Bot. Mag. t. 3564. Mexico {Deppe). Hb. Kew. biol. cent.-amek., Bot. Vol. 1, August 1880. 3 s 498 BEGONIACELE. 49. Begonia multinervia, Liebm. Mex. og Cent. Am. Beg. p. 18. Begonia lobata, Schott. Costa Rica, at an altitude of 3000 feet (IAebmann). 50. Begonia nelumbiifolia, Ch. et Schl. in Linnsea, v. p. 604. South Mexico, valley of Cordova {Bourgeau, 2260), near Tantoyuca {Ervendberg), Colipa, Vera Cruz {IAebmann), Misantla {Schiede, 730). — Colombia. Hb. Kew. 51. Begonia oaxacana, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pars 1, p. 312. South Mexico, woods at 6000 feet, Cordillera of Oaxaca (Galeotti, 196). Var. )3. pilosula, A. DC. loc. cit. Damp places in the pine-forests of Pueblo Nuevo, Chiapas {Linden, 39). Hb. Kew. 52. Begonia palmaris, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pars 1, p. 307. Begonia palmata, Pav. in Hb. Boiss., nee Don. South Mexico, Cerro de San Felipe {Andrieux, 118), Oaxaca {Ghiesbreght). Var. /3. jurgensenii, A. DC. loc. cit. Mexico {Jurgensen, 532). Hb. Kew. 53. Begonia pedata, Liebm. Mex. og Cent. Am. Beg. p. 10. South Mexico, Amatlan, Oaxaca {IAebmann). 54. Begonia phyllomaniaca, Mart. Ind. Sem. Hort. Monac. 1852 ; Bot. Mag. t. 5254. Guatemala 1, cultivated in European gardens. 55. Begonia pilifera, Kl. Begon. p. 86. South Mexico, Vera Cruz {Linden, 30) ; Nicaragua, Chontales {Seemann, 46 ; Tate, 122); Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui {Warszewicz, 1708), San Lorenzo {Seemann, 1660). Hb. Kew. 56. Begonia pinetomm, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pars 1, p. 326. South Mexico, pine-forests of Jitotola {Linden, 41). Hb. Kew. 57. Begonia plebeja, Liebm. Mex. og Cent. Am. Beg. p. 8. Nicaragua {(Ersted) ; Costa Rica {(Ersted) ; Panama {Duchassaing), 58. Begonia polygonata, Liebm. Mex. og Cent. Am. Beg. p. 21. South Mexico, Consoquitla, Mirador {IAebmann). Var. /3. longistipulacea, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pars 1, p. 312. Mexico, humid forests of Teapa {Linden, 38). Hb. Kew. "59. Begonia pruinata, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pars 1, p. 338 ; Ref. Bot. t. 247. Costa Rica {Warszevncz). BEGONIACE^. 499 60. Begonia pustulata, Liebm. Mex. og Cent. Am. Beg. p. 6. South Mexico, Lacoba, Oaxaca (Liebmann ; Galeotti, 190). Hb. Kew. 61. Begonia reptans, Benth. PI. Hartw. p. 61, nee Liebm. South Mexico, Hacienda de Joco (Liebmann), San Pedro, Tepinapa (Hartweg). Hb. Kew. 62. Begonia rhizocaulis, Hort. Ber., A. DC. Prodr. xv. p. 340. Mexico or Central America % 63. Begonia rosea, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pars 1, p. 299. Costa Pica (Hoffmann, 730). Hb. Berol. 64. Begonia sarcophylla, Liebm. Mex. og Cent. Am. Beg. p. 12. Begonia sartorii, Liebm. ? South Mexico, Chinantla, Oaxaca (Liebmann). 65. Begonia SCandenS, Sw. Prodr. p. 86, excl. synonym. Plum. Begonia glabra, Aubl. Begonia elliptica, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vii. t. 641. Begonia physalifolia, Liebm. Guatemala (Friedrichsthal) ; Nicaragua, Chontales (Tate, 294) ; Costa Eica (CErsted). — West Indies and Guiana to Peru. Hb. Kew. 66. Begonia seemanniana, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pars 1, p. 332. Panama, Boquete (Seemann, 1661). Hb. Kew. 67. Begonia semiovata, Liebm. Mex. og Cent. Am. Beg. p. 22. Costa Pica, Volcan de Mombacho (Liebmann). 68. Begonia sericoneura, Liebm. Mex. og Cent. Am. Beg. p. 13. Nicaragua, Cerro de Pantasmo, at 4500 feet ((Ersted.) Hb. Berol. *"~ 69. Begonia setifera, A. DC. Prodr. xv. pars 1, p. 338. Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui ( Warszewicz). *- 70. Begonia setnlosa, Bertol. el. Guat. p. 37. Guatemala, Volcan de Agua ( Velasquez). 71. Begonia SGJiarrOSa, Liebm. Mex. og Cent. Am. Beg. p. 9, nee Seemann. South Mexico, Cuesta de San Pedro Alto, Oaxaca (Liebmann). Hb. Kew. <""~ 72. Begonia StigmOSa, Lindl. in Bot. Peg. 1845, Misc. no. 40. Begonia squamosa, Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald/ sine descriptione, nee Liebm. Panama, Boquete (Seemann, 1659). Hb. Kew. 73. Begonia Strigillosa, Dietr. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. 1851, p. 330. Begonia dadalea, Lem. 111. Hort. viii. t. 269. Central America ( Warszewicz). 3s2 c~ 500 BEGONIACE^. 74. Begonia SUbhumilis, A. DC. % Prodr. xv. pars 1, p. 298. Nicaeagua, Chontales (Tate, 197). — Peeu. Hb. Kew. 75. Begonia tovarensis, Kl. Beg. p. 30 ; DC. Prodr. xv. pars 2, p. 303. Begonia moritziana, Kl. Begonia populifolia, KL, nee H. B. K. South Mexico, Toluca, 6000 feet (Heller), near Huatusco (IAebmann), Jalapa (Linden, 28), Orizaba (Salle), Laguna (Schiede) ; Guatemala, Duefias, 5000 feet (Salvin & Godman). — Venezuela ; Guiana. Hb. Kew. r76. Begonia urophylla, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4855. Mexico % Cultivated in English gardens. hi. Begonia, sp. Nicaeagua, Chontales (Tate, 295). Hb. Kew. 78. Begonia, sp. Nicaragua, Chontales (Seemann, 47 ; Tate, 123). Hb. Kew. 79. Begonia, sp. South Mexico, Oaxaca (Ghiesbreght, 1). Hb. Kew. 80. Begonia, sp. (aff. B.falcilobw, Liebm.). South Mexico, San Nicolas, near Mexico (Bourgeau, 649). Hb. Kew. 81. Begonia, sp. South Mexico, Chiapas (Ghiesbreght, 683). Hb. Kew. 82. Begonia, sp. South Mexico, Orizaba, in wet places (Bourgeau, 2493). Hb. Kew. 83. Begonia, sp. South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1984). Hb. Kew. 84. Begonia, sp. South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1986). Hb. Kew. Order LXIV. DATISCACEjE. BatiscetB, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 844. Two herbaceous and two arboreous species, belonging to three genera. Only one species has been found in America. 1. DATISCA. Batisca, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 1132; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 844. Two herbaceous species— one found in California and Mexico, the other having a wide range in Asia Minor and Central Asia. DATISCACE^. 501 l. Datisca glomerata, Benth. et Hook. loc. cit. p. 845. TYicerastes glomerata, PresL Reliq. Hsenk. ii. p. 88, t. 64. Califoenia. — Mexico, Western Mexico (Hamlce). Order LXV. CACTACEiE. Cactece, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 845. With the exception of one or two species of Bhipsalis, which extend to Africa, Mauritius, and Ceylon, this family is exclusively American, though some species of Nopalea and Opuntia are now so thoroughly naturalized in certain parts of the Old World, especially in the Mediterranean region, as to have all the appearance of being indigenous. Indeed some botanists incline to the opinion that some of the species may be really indigenous there, just as other families and genera are represented in the two continents by closely allied, though undoubtedly endemic, species. Bentham and Hooker reduce the number of genera to thirteen. The forms are very numerous ; but it is very difficult to make an estimate of the number of species. The greater part of the following names were applied to forms cultivated in European gardens and described by horticulturists in horticultural periodicals ; and a large number of them could not possibly be employed in a scientific revision of the family. Many of the so-called species were founded upon single plants received in a dead state; and the descriptions are very incomplete. Again, a considerable proportion are simply characterized by external differences, their flowers never having been seen by the describers. Doubtless, too, the selfsame forms have often received more than one name. In some cases no descriptions have been found. However, after making all due allowances, the species are very numerous; and they find their greatest concen- tration in Mexico, rapidly decreasing in numbers northward, the extreme limit reached being about 50° N. lat. In the West Indies the number of species is comparatively small ; but they abound in some parts of Tropical and Subtropical South America, and a few occur in the temperate regions of Chili. The estimated number of species under each genus is in all cases taken from Bentham and Hooker ('Genera Plan- tarum ') ; and sometimes their number does not by any means agree with the number of names enumerated here. The majority of the names are taken up in Walpers's ' Bepertorium,' vols. ii. and v., and the 'Annales,' vol. ii. Tribe ECHINOCACTEiE. 1. MELOCACTUS. Melocactus, Link et Otto in Verhandl. Preuss. Gartenb. Verein, iii. p. 417 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 847. About thirty species, inhabiting Mexico, Brazil, West Indies, and Colombia. 502 CACTACELE. 1. Melocactus CUrvispinuS, Hort. Berol., ex Pfeiff. Enum.p. 46 ; Lab. Monogr. p. 13. Mexico. 2. MelOCactUS deleSSertianUS, Lem., ex Labour. Cact. p. 20, absque descr. Mexico. 3. Melocactus ferOX, Pfeiff., ex Labour. Cact. p. 16. Echinocactus spina- christi, Zucc. in Pfeiff. Enum. p. 59. Echinocactus armatus, Salm Dyck, ex Labour, loc. cit. Mexico, in temperate regions near Santa Rosa de Tollman. — It is said to occur also in South Brazil, to which country it may be limited. (See under Echinocactus sjrina- christi.) 4. Melocactus mamillariaBformis, Salm Dyck in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. 1836, p. 148. Melocactus cephalophora, Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 137. Mexico (KarwinsM). 2. MAMILLAEIA. Mamillaria, Haw. Syn. PI. Succ. p. 177; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 847. Upwards of 300 forms have been described as species. They inhabit Mexico and the countries immediately to the north ; and a few occur in the West Indies, Bolivia, and Brazil. 1. Mamillaria acanthophlegma, Lehm. Delect. Sem. Hamb. 1833; Pfeiff. Enum. p. 26. Mamillaria recta, Miq., ex Labour. Cact. p. 63. Mamillaria geminispina, DC. Rev. Cact. p. 30, t. 3, nee Haworth, ex Pfeiffer, loc. cit. South Mexico, regions of Yavesia, Oaxaca (KarwinsM). — Grows in several varieties at Pedregal de San Antonio, near the chief city (Ehrenberg). Hort. Kew. 2. Mamillaria acanthostephes, Lehm. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. 1835, p. 228; Pfeiff. Enum. p. 16. Mexico. 3. Mamillaria acicularis, Lem. Cact. Gen. et Sp. Nov. p. 34. Mexico. 4. Mamillaria aciculata, Otto, ex Pfeiff. Enum. p. 29. Mexico. 5. Mamillaria actinoplea, Ehrb. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xvi. p. 266. Mexico. 6. Mamillaria aeruginosa, Scheidw. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. vii. p. 338. South Mexico, State of Oaxaca (Ehrenberg). CACTACE.3E. 503 7. Mamillaria affinis, DC. Mem. Cact. p. 11, t. 6. Mamillaria cataphracta, Mart., ex Pfeiff. Enum. p. 11. Mexico (Coulter). 8. Mamillaria alpina, Mart. Act. Acad. Monac.,ex Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 79. South Mexico, Oaxaca (EarwinsM). 9. Mamillaria amabiHs, Ehrb. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xvii. p. 326. Mexico. 10. Mamillaria anguinea, Otto, ex Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 101. Mexico, between Zimapan and Toliman, at Las Ajuntas, on the Montezuma river (Ehrenberg). 11. Mamillaria (Anhalonium) areolosa, Lem. 111. Hort. vi. Misc. p. 35. Mexico. 12. Mamillaria argentea, Fennel in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xv. p. 65 ; Labour. Cact. p. 54. Mexico % 13. Mamillaria atrorilbra, Ehrb. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xvii. p. 326. Mexico. 14. Mamillaria atrosanguinea, Ehrb. in Otto & Dietr. allg. Gartz. xvii. p. 270. Mexico. 15. Mamillaria aulacantha, DC. Eev. Cact. p. 113. Mexico, without locality (Coulter). 16. Mamillaria aulacothele, Lem. Cact. aliq. Nov. fasc. i. p. 8. Mexico. Var. (3. sulcimamma, Pfeiff. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. vi. p. 274. Mexico. 17. Mamillaria aureiceps, Lem. Cact. aliq. Nov. p, 8 ; Linnsea, xix. p. 346. Mexico, collected in 1843 near the Rancho del Sabino, 7000 feet, with long or short straight or curved, bright- or deep-yellow spines (Ehrenberg). Hort. Kew. 18. Mamillaria auricoma, A. Dietr. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xiv. p. 308. Mexico. 19. Mamillaria aurorea, Ehrb. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xvii. p. 303. Mexico. 20. Mamillaria barbata, Engelm. in Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. vi. p. 21 ; Synops. Cact. U. S. &c. p. 5. North Mexico, near Cosiquiriachi, Chihuahua (ex Engelmanri). 504 CACTACE2E. 20*. Mamillaria barlowii, Begel et Klein, Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 1860, p. 46. Mexico (Karwinski). 21. Mamillaria benekei, Ehrb. in Bot. Zeit. ii. p. 833; Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 91 (sub M, goodrichii). Mexico (ex Ehrenberg). 22. Mamillaria bergenii, Ehrb. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xvii. p. 326. Mexico. 23. Mamillaria bergii, Miq. Comm. Phytog. iii. p. 104. Mamillaria seitziana, Miq. in Linnaea, xii. p. 10, nee Martius. Mexico. 24. Mamillaria bicolor, Lehm. Delect. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 1830; Linnaea, vi. Litteratur-Bericht, p. 11 ; Pfeiff. & Otto, Abbild. i. t. 3. Mamillaria eburnea, Miq. in Linnaea, xii. p. 14, ex Pfeiff. Enum. p. 27. Mamillaria geminispina, Haw. in Philos. Mag. lxiii. p. 42, nee DC, ex Pfeiff. Enum. p. 27. Texas. — South Mexico, between Tampico and Eeal del Monte (Poselger), at an elevation of 4000 to 5000 feet on the declivities of the Barrancas of Mestitlan, Ismi- quilpan, and Zimapan, and near Cardonal [Ehrenberg). Hort. Kew. According to the rule of priority, Haworth's name should be restored. DeCandolle (Bev. Cact. t. 3) figures a plant which he refers without doubt to Haworth's species. (See under M. acanthophlegma.) 25. Mamillaria bifiirca, Ehrb. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xviii. p. 188. Mexico. 26. Mamillaria biglandulosa, Pfeiff. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. vi. p. 274 ; Walp. Eep. ii. p. 302. South Mexico, Zimapan, Los Banos de Atotonilco el Grande &c, 6000 to 7500 feet (Ehrenberg). 27. Mamillaria bihamata, Pfeiff. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. vi. p. 274 ; Walp. Eep. ii. p. 298. Mexico, discovered in the Plain of Apam (Ehrenberg). Salm Dyck reduces this to M. uncinata. 28. Mamillaria bockii, Forst. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xv. p. 50. Mexico % 29. Mamillaria brevimamma, Zucc, ex Pfeiff. Enum. p. 34. South Mexico, near Octopan, in meadows at an elevation of more than 6000 feet near Pachuca, Zimapan, Los Banos de Atotonilco el Grande, &c. (Ehrenberg). CACTACE^E. 505 30. Mamillaria breviseta, Ehrb. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xvii. p. 251. Mexico. 31. Mamillaria csespititia, DC. Rev. Cact. p. 112. Mamillaria nitida, Scheicbr. ex Salm Dyck Cact. pp. 10 et 90. Mamillaria crebrispina, var. /3. nitida, Monv. Cat., ex Labour. Cact. p. 75. Mexico, without locality (Coulter), Mineral del Monte and Oaxaca, at an altitude of 7000 feet (ex Forster). 32. Mamillaria carnea, Zucc. in Pfeiff. Enum. p. 19. South Mexico, Ismiquilpan (ex Pfeiffer), Oaxaca (ex JEhrenberg). 33. Mamillaria castaneoides, Lem. Hort. Univ., ex Labour. Cact. p. 37. Mamillaria wegenerii, Ehrb. in Bot. Zeit. i. p. 738 ; Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 84. South Mexico, Oaxaca, discovered in 1843 in several varieties (Ehrenberg). 34. Mamillaria centricirrha, Lem. Cact. Gen. et Spec. Nov. Hort. Monv. p. 42. North Mexico, San Luis Potosi (ex Ehrenberg). Hort. Kew. 35. Mamillaria centrispina, Pfeiff. Enum. p. 20. South Mexico, Oaxaca (JEhrenberg). 36. Mamillaria cephalophora, Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 137, et in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. 1836, p. 148. Mexico. 37. Mamillaria ceratocentra, Bergm. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. viii. p. 130. Mexico, near Alfajayuca (JEhrenberg). Labouret (Monogr. Cact. p. 124) refers this to M. erecta, Lem. 38. Mamillaria Chrysacantha, Hort. Berol., ex Pfeiff. Enum. p. 28 ; Walp. Rep. ii. p. 289. Mexico, Mesa de la Magdalena, at 6000 feet, under oaks on vegetable mould above basalt (Ehrenberg). Hort. Kew. 39. Mamillaria Cirrhifera, Mart, in Act. Nov. Nat. Cur. xvi. pt. 1, p. 334; Pfeiffer & Otto Abbild. i. t. 7. Hort. Kew. > South Mexico, between Zimapan and Ismiquilpan (Ehrenberg). 40. Mamillaria Clava, Pfeiff. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. viii. p. 282 ; Walp. Eep. ii. p. 295 ; Bot. Mag. t. 4358. Mexico, at Almolon, 5000 feet (Ehrenberg). 41. Mamillaria COmpacta, Engelm. in Wisliz. Eep. p. 21. Noeth Mexico, Cosiquiriachi, west of Chihuahua ( Wislizenus). 42. Mamillaria compressa, DC. Rev. Cact. p. 112. Mamillaria angularis, Hort. Berol. ex Pfeiff. Enum. p. 12. South Mexico, Zimapan and Ismiquilpan (Ehrenberg, Coulter). Hort. Kew. biol. cekt.-amek., Bot. Vol. 1, August 1880. 3 1 506 cactace^:. 43. Mamillaria COnoidea, DC. Rev. Cact. p. 112 ; Mem. p. 6, t. 2 ; Pfeiffer & Otto,Abbild. ii. t. 26. Mamillaria inconspicua, Scheidw. in Bull. Acad. Brux. 1838. Mamillaria diaphanacantha, Lena. Cact. Hort. Monv. p. 39. North Mexico, received from San Luis Potosi (Ehrenberg) ; South Mexico, Zimapan (Ehrenberg). 44. Mamillaria COnopsea, Scheidw. in Bull. Acad. Brux. v. p. 494. North Mexico, San Luis Potosi (Ehrenberg) ; South Mexico, in tufts 1 to 2 feet across, in the Barrancas near Mestitlan and Ismiquilpan (Ehrenberg). This is referred by Labouret to M. phymatothela. 45. Mamillaria COmifera, DC. Rev. Cact. p. Ill ; Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 20 et 131. Var. 0. implexicoma, Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 20. Var. y. mutica, Salm Dyck, loc. cit. Ehrenberg regards these forms as species, thus: — Mamillaria cornifera, DC. South Mexico, about Zimapan, Ismiquilpan, Actopan, Pachuca, Mineral del Monte, 7000 to 8000 feet (Ehrenberg). Hort. Kew. Mamillaria implexicoma, Salm Dyck. North Mexico, received from San Luis Potosi (Ehrenberg). Mamillaria mutica, Salm Dyck. North Mexico, received from San Luis Potosi (Ehrenberg). 46. Mamillaria COrollaria, Ehrb. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xvii. p. 294 ; Walp. Ann. ii. p. 677. Mexico. 47. Mamillaria COronaria, Haw. Revis. PI. p. 69; Pfeiff. Enum. p. 33. Cactus coronatus, Willd. Suppl. p. 30. Cactus cylindricus, Ort. Dec. p. 128, t. 16. Mexico (ex Pfeiffer) ; Guatemala (Pfeiffer). 48. Mamillaria Crassispina, Pfeiff. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. viii. p. 406. Mamillaria floccigera, Otto, ex Labour. Cact. p. 42. Mamillaria flaviceps, Scheidw., ex Labour. Cact. p. 42. Mexico. Hort. Kew. 49. Mamillaria crebrispina, DC. Rev. Cact. p. ill. Mamillaria polychlora, Scheidw., ex Labour. Cact. p. 74. North Mexico, San Luis Potosi (ex Labouret), from the same place, though very rare (Galeotti), without locality (Coulter). CACTACTLE. 507 ^ 50. Mamillaria crinita, DC. Eev. Cact. p. 112, et Mem. Cact. t. 3. South Mexico, Zimapan {Coulter), Eancho de San Antonio (Ehrenberg) . 51. Mamillaria crotidata, Lem. Cact. aliq. Nov. fasc. i. p. 9. South Mexico, Mineral del Monte (Mrenberg). 52. Mamillaria crucigera, Mart, in Act. Nov. Nat. Cur.xvi.pt. l,p. 346, t. 25. fig.2. Mexico, in temperate regions (KarwinsJci). Hort. Kew. 53. Mamillaria CUrvispina, Otto, in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xiv. p. 204. Mexico. This is perhaps a variety of M. discolor. 54. Mamillaria cylindracea, DC. Eev. Cact. p. ill. Mexico (Coulter). 55. Mamillaria dealbata, A. Dietr. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xiv. p. 309 ; Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 89. Mexico. 56. Mamillaria decipiens, Scheidw. in Bull. Acad. Brux. v. p. 496 ; Walp. Kep. ii. p. 297. Mamillaria guilleminiana, Lem. Cact. Gen. et Sp. Nov. Hort. Monv. p. 48. Mexico. Hort. Kew. 57. Mamillaria densa, Link et Otto, Ic. PI. Ear. t. 35. South Mexico, Zimapan (Ehrenlerg). Hort. Kew. Pfeiffer makes this var. |8 of M. echinata. 58. Mamillaria depressa, Scheidw. in Bull. Acad. Brux. v. p. 494 ; Walp. Eep. ii. p. 301. Mexico. Hort. Kew. Kef erred to M. adunca by Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 16. 59. Mamillaria diadema, Miihlpf. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xiii. p. 346; Walp. Eep. v. p. 810. South Mexico, Eeal del Monte (ex Muhlenpfordt). 60. Mamillaria disciformis, DC. Eev. Cact. p. 114, et Mem. Cact. p. 14. Mexico, without locality (Coulter). 61. Mamillaria discolor, Haw. Syn. p. 177 ; Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, pp. 11, 95 ; DC. Eev. Cact. p. 28, t. 2. fig. 2. Mamillaria depressa, DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp., ex DC. loc.cit. Var. /3. albida, Salm Dyck, loc. cit. p. 11. Var. v. acicillata, Salm Dyck, loc. cit. . 3*2 508 CACTACILS'. Var. 8. COniflora, Salm Dyck, loc. cit. Var. e. CUTVispilia, Salm Dyck, loc. cit. Var. Z. nitens, Salm Dyck, loc. cit. Mexico, in warm regions only (ex Forster). Hort. Kew. PfeifFer (Enum. Diag. Cact. p. 28) has a var. j3. prolifera ; and he also refers M. pul- chella, Hort. Berol., hither, whereas Labouret retains it as a distinct species. 62. Mamillaria divergens, DC. Eev. Cact. p. 113. Mexico, without locality {Coulter). 63. Mamillaria dolichocentra, Lem. Cact. aliq. Nov. p. 3 ; Icon. Cact. fasc. ii. Mamillaria longispina, Reichenb. Mamillaria obscura, Scheidw. Mamillaria stenocephala, Scheidw., ex Labour. Cact. p. 50. South Mexico, neighbourhood of Jalapa, on the Eio Grande, and in the Barrancas of Mestitlan (Ehrenberg). Hort. Kew. 64. Mamillaria dyckiana, Zucc. in Pfeiff. Enum. p. 26. South Mexico, near Zimapan and Ismiquilpan (ex Forster). 65. Mamillaria eborina, Ehrb. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xvii. p. 309 ; Walp. Ann. ii. p. 679. Mexico. 66. Mamillaria echinata, DC. Mem. Cact. p. 3. Mamillaria echinaria, DC. Rev. Cact. p. 110 ? Mamillaria densa, Link et Otto, Ic. t. 35, ex Pfeiff. Enum. p. 6. South Mexico, near Las Ajuntas, on the Montezuma river (Ehrenberg). Hort. Kew. 67. Mamillaria echinocactoides, Pfeiff. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. viii. p. 281 ; Walp. Eep. ii. p. 299. Mexico (Ehrenberg). 68. Mamillaria echinus, Engelm. Cact. U.S. et Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 13, t. 10. Texas. — Noeth Mexico, from Presidio del Norte to Santa Rosa (Bigelow). 69. Mamillaria ehrenbergii, Pfeiff. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. vi. p. 274. South Mexico, Mineral del Monte (Ehrenberg). 70. Mamillaria elegans, DC. Rev. Cact. p. ill. Mamillaria supertexta, Hort., nee Mart., ex Pfeiff. Enum. p. 25. South Mexico, without locality (Coulter), near Yavesia, Oaxaca. 71. Mamillaria elongata, DC. Eev. Cact. p. 109. South Mexico, without locality (Coulter), Zimapan (Ehrenberg). Hort. Kew. Salm Dyck (Cact. ed. 2, pp. 12, 100) refers M. subcrocea, DC, and M. intertexta, DC, to this species. CACTACKE'. 509 72. Mamillaria (Anhalonium) elongata, Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 77. Anhalonium pulvittigerum, Lem. Hort. Monv. i. p. 275, cum ic, ex Salm Dyck, loc. cit. p. 5. Mexico (GaleottiX). 73. Mamillaria elephantidens, Lem. Cact. in. Hort. Monv. Descr. i. p. 1, Hort. Univ. t. 33, et Iconogr. Cact. livr. ii. ; Pfeiffer & Otto, Abbild. ii. t. 20. Mexico. Hort. Kew. 74. Mamillaria erecta, Lem. Cact. aliq. Nov. Hort. Monv. p. 3, et Iconogr. Cact. livr. ii. North and South Mexico, on the Eio Grande, on the Mesillas, near Ismiquilpan and Zimapan, and on the Cardonal (Ehrenberg). Hort. Kew. 75. Mamillaria erectacantha, Forst. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xv. p. 50. Mexico. 76. Mamillaria eriacantha, Hort. Berol., ex Pfeiff. Enum. p. 32; Pfeiffer & Otto, Abbild. i. t. 25. Mamillaria cylindracea, DC. Rev. Cact. p. Ill ? South Mexico, Malpays de Naulingo [Ehrenberg). 77. Mamillaria euchlora, Ehrb. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xvi. p. 326 ; Walp. Ann. ii. p. 674. Mexico. 78. Mamillaria eximia, Ebrb. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xvii. p. 309; Walp. Ann. ii. p. 678. Mexico. Hort. Kew. 79. Mamillaria exudans, Zucc. in Pfeiff. Enum. p. 15. South Mexico, between Ismiquilpan and Zimapan (Rarwinski). 80. Mamillaria fellneri, Ehrb. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xvii. p. 261 ; "Walp. Ann. ii. p. 676. Mexico. 81. Mamillaria fischeri, Pfeiff in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. 1836, p. 257, et Enum. p. 20. Mexico. 82. Mamillaria flavescens, Pfeiff. Enum. p. 10. Cactus flavescens, DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. p. 83. South Mexico, Oaxaca (Ehrenberg). Hort. Kew. 83. Mamillaria forsterii, Muhlpf. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xiv. p. 371. Mexico. 510 CACTACRa:. 84. Mamillaria formosa, Galeotti, MSS., ex Scheidw. in Bull. Acad. Brux. v. p. 497. North Mexico, San Luis Potosi (Ehreriberg). Hort. Kew. 85. Mamillaria foveolata, Miihlpf. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xiv. p. 372. Mexico "? 86. Mamillaria fulvispina, Haw. in PhH. Mag. 1830, p. 109; Pfeiff. Enum. p. 30 ; Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, pp. 10, 93. Var. /3. rubescens, Salm Dyck, loc. cit. p. 10. Mamillaria rhodantha, var. rubens, Pfeiff. Enum. p. 31. Mexico. — Brazil. Hort. Kew. 87. Mamillaria funckii, Scheidw. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xx. p. 43. South Mexico, Oaxaca (Ehrenberg). 88. Mamillaria filSCata, Hort. Berol., ex Pfeiff. Enum. p. 28. South Mexico, Mesa de la Magdalena, 6000 feet (Ehrenberg). 89. Mamillaria geminata, Scheidw. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. ix. p. 42 ; Walp. Eep. ii. p. 299. Mexico, at an altitude of 6000 feet (ex Scheidweiler). 90. Mamillaria glabrata, Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 109 ; Scheer in Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald,' p. .288; Noeth Mexico, near Chihuahua (Potts). 91. Mamillaria gladiata, Mart, in Act. Nov. Nat. Cur. xvi. pt. 1, p. 336. Mamillaria deflexispina, Lem. Cact. aliq. Nov. Hort. Monv. p. 6. South Mexico, Mineral del Monte (Deschamps), Ismiquilpan, temperate regions near Pachuca, between 9000 and 10,000 feet (Ehrenberg). 92. Mamillaria glanduligera, Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. 1848, p. 298; Labour. Cact. p. 130. Mexico. 93. Mamillaria glauca, A. Dietr. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. 1848, p. 330 ; Labour. Cact. p. 112. Mexico. 94. Mamillaria glochidiata, Martin Act. Nov. Nat. Cur. xvi. pt. 1, p. 337, t. 23. Mamillaria criniformis, DC. Mem. Cact. p. 8, t. 4. Mamillaria ancistroides, Lehm. Delect. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 1832. Var. a. rosea, DC. loc. cit. ~ Var. |3. albida, DC. loc. cit. Mexico, both varieties, without locality (Coulter), near San Pedro Nolasco, at 7000 to 8000 feet (Karwinski). Hort. Kew. CACTACE.E. 511 95. Mamillaria gOOdrichii, Scheer, ex Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 91 ; Labour. Cact. p. 32. Mamillaria benekei, Ehrb. in Bot. Zeit. ii. p. 833?, ex Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 91. California. — Mexico. 96. Mamillaria grahami, Engelm. Cact. U.S. et Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 7, t. 6. figs. 1-8. New Mexico. — North-west Mexico {Parry, Schott, Bigelow). 97. Mamillaria gracilis, Pfeiff. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. vi. p. 275. South Mexico, Puente de Dios, 5300 feet, all the barrancas of Mestitlan and Zimapan (Ehrenberg). Hort. Kew. 98. Mamillaria grandlCOrnis, Miihlpf. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xiv. p. 372. Mexico. 99. Mamillaria grandiflora, Otto in Pfeiff. Enum. p. 33. Mexico. Hort. Kew. Perhaps the same as M. conoidea, DC. 99*. Mamillaria granulata, Meinsh. in Koch's Wochenschr. i. p. 264. Mexico (KarwinsJci). 100. Mamillaria grisea, Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 110. Mexico. 101. Mamillaria gummifera, Engelm. in Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. vi. p. 21. North Mexico, Cosiquiriachi (Wislizenus). 102. Mamillaria haageana, Pfeiff. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. 1836, p. 257, et Enum. p. 26. Mamillaria perote, Hortul., ex Pfeiff. loc. cit. Mexico, Perote (ex Pfeiffer). 103. Mamillaria haematactina, Ehrb. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xvi. p. 266 ; Walp. Ann. ii. p. 673. Mexico. 104. Mamillaria hamata, Lehm. Delect. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 1832; Pfeiff. Enum. p. 34. Mexico. 105. Mamillaria hernei, Ehrb. in Bot. Zeit. ii. p. 833. Mexico. 106. Mamillaria helicteres, DC. Eev. Cact.p. 31, t. 5. Mexico (Mogino). 107. Mamillaria heteromorpha, Scheer in Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald,' p. 289. North Mexico, near Chihuahua (Potts). 512 CACTACILE. 108. Mamillaria hexacantha, Salm Dyck, Hort. Dyck. p. 344, ex Pfeiff. Enum. p. 30. Mexico, near Las Ajuntas, where the Montezuma river joins the Tollman (Ehrenberg). 109. Mamillaria heyderi, Miihlpf. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xvi. p. 20 ; Walp. Ann. ii. p. 680. Var. a. applanata, Engelm. in PL Lindh. Var. /3. hemisphaerica, Engelm. loc. cit. Texas. — Noeth Mexico, Matamoras, Sonora (Schott). 110. Mamillaria humboldtii, Ehrb. in Linnaea, xiv. p. 378 ; Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 85. South Mexico, Ismiquilpan and Mestitlan, on calcareous rocks (Ehreriberg). 111. Mamillaria hystrix, Mart., ex Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 119. Noeth Mexico, San Luis Potosi ; South Mexico, Oaxaca {Ehreriberg). 112. Mamillaria incurva, Scheidw. in Bull. Acad. Brux. vi. p. 6. Mexico. 113. Mamillaria intertexta, DC. Kev. Cact. p. 110. Noeth Mexico, Chihuahua; South Mexico, without locality {Coulter), Zimapan (Ehrenberg). Hort. Kew. 114. Mamillaria irregularis, DC. Kev. Cact. p. ill. Mexico (Coulter, 31). 115. Mamillaria isabellilia, Ehrb. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xvii. p. 309 ; Walp. Ann. ii. p. 678. Mexico. 116. Mamillaria jUCUllda, Ehrb. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xvii. p. 250 ; Walp. Ann. ii. p. 675. Mexico. 117. Mamillaria karwinskiana, Mart, in Act. Nov. Nat. Cur. xvi. pt. 1, p. 335, t. 22. South Mexico, without locality (Karwinski), Oaxaca (Ehrenberg). Hort. Kew. 117*. Mamillaria kleinii, Kegel, Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 1860, p. 47. Mexico (Karwinski). 118. Mamillaria klugii, Ehrb. in Bot. Zeit. ii. p. 834. Mexico. 119. Mamillaria krameri, Miihlpf. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xiii. p. 347 ; Walp. Eep. v. p. 810. Mamillaria pachythele, Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, pp. 17 et 122. South Mexico, Peal del Monte (ex Muhlenpfordt). CACTACE^E. 513 120. Mamillaria kunthii, Ehrb. in Bot. Zeit. ii. p. 835. Mexico. 120*. Mamillaria lactescens, Meinsh. in Koch's Wochenschr. ii. p. 117. Mexico (Karwinski). 121. Mamillaria lanifera, Haw. in Phil. Mag. lxiii. p. 41 ; DC. Kev. Cact. p. 31, t. 4. Mexico (Mogino, Bulloch). 122. Mamillaria latimamma, DC. Kev. Cact. p. 114. Mexico (Coulter, 54). 123. Mamillaria lehmanni, Hort. Berol., ex Pfeiff. Enum. p. 23 ; Bot. Mag. t. 3634. Mexico. 124. Mamillaria leilCOCentra, Bergm. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. viii. p. 130. Mexico, near Zimapan, on the Caracol between Lomo del Toro and Las Ajuntas (Ehrenberg). 125. Mamillaria leucodasys, Salm Dyck, ex Scheer in Seem. Bot. Voy. 'Herald,' p. 286. Nokth Mexico, near Chihuahua (Potts). 126. Mamillaria leucodictya, Linke in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xvi. p. 330; Walp. Ann. ii. p. 674. Mexico. 127. Mamillaria linkeana, Ehrb. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xvii. p. 308 j Walp. Ann. ii. p. 678, Mexico. 128. Mamillaria livida, Fennel in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xv. p. 66. Mexico. 129. Mamillaria longimamma, DC. Eev. Cact. p. 113, et Mem. Cact. t. 5. Mexico, without locality (Coulter), neighbourhood of Ismiquilpan, Zimapan, also the great Barranca of the Pio Grande, on the Mesillas, near Aquialco, and near Las Aiuntas, where the Montezuma river joins the Tolmian, 5000 to 6000 feet (Ehrenberg). Hort. Kew. 130. Mamillaria longiseta, Miihlpf. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xiii. p. 346 ; Walp. Rep. v. p. 810. Mexico, Peal del Monte (ex Muhlenpfordt). 131. Mamillaria loricata. Mart, in Pfeiff. Enum. p. 13. Mamillaria heteracantha, Hort., ex Pfeiff. loc. cit. Mexico. biol. cent.-amek., Bot. Vol. 1, August 1880. 3 u 514 CACTACILE. 132. Mamillaria ludwigii, Ehrb. in Linnsea, xiv. p. 376; Labour. Cact. p. 112. Mexico, Las Eanas {Ehrenberg). This has been united with M. phymatothele, Bergm. ; but Ehrenberg says it is distinct, and found in a different locality. 133. Mamillaria macromeris, Engelm. Sketch Bot. Wislizenus's Exped. p. 13. North Mexico, near Dofiana. 134. llamillaria macrothele, Mart, ex Pfeiff. Enum. p. 24. South Mexico, near Actopan, in meadows at an altitude of 6000 to 7000 feet, near Pachuca, Zimapan, Los Banos de Atotonilco el Grande, &c. {Ehrenberg). 135. Mamillaria magnimamma, Haw. Phil. Mag. lxiii. p. 14. Mamillaria ceratophora, Lehm. in Dietr. & Otto, Allg. Gartz. 1835, p. 228, ex Pfeiff. Enum. p. 14. South Mexico, a rather widely dispersed and very variable species, occurring on the tablelands near Mexico, San Mateo, Pachuca, Sinquiluca, Apam, Zacualtepan, &c, 7000 to 8000 feet {Ehrenberg). Hort. Kew. Var. arietina. Rocks of Pedregal, near San Angel {Bourgeau, 266). Hort. Kew. 136. Mamillaria maschalacantha, Monv. Cat. p. 77. Mamillaria leucocarpa, Scheidw. ex Labour. Cact. p. 106. Mamillaria mutabilis, Scheidw., y. Imvior, Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 120. North Mexico, San Luis Potosi (ex Labouret) ; South Mexico, Oaxaca {Ehrenberg). 137. Mamillaria megacantha, Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 123. Mexico. 138. Mamillaria meiacantha, Engelm. Cact. U.S. et Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 9, t. 9. figg. 1-3. New Mexico. — North Mexico. 139. Mamillaria melaleuca, Karw. ex Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 108, et Labour. Cact. p. 83. Mexico, Oaxaca {Karwinski). 140. Mamillaria micans, Dietr. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xvi. p. 330 ; Walp. Ann. ii. p. 674. Mexico. 141. Mamillaria microceras, Lem. Cact. aliq. Nov. Hort. Monv. p. 6; Walp. Rep. ii. p. 293. Mexico. 142. Mamillaria micromeris, Engelm. Cact. U.S. et Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 1, t. 1 et t. 2. figg. 1-4. CACTACEiE. 515 North Mexico, from El Paso to the San Pedro river, also in a single locality east of this river (only on limestone, never in the porphyritic region, Wright). Var. /3. greggii, Engelm. loc. cit. et Synop. Cact. U. S. &c. p. 5. North Mexico, mountain-ridge between Azufrora and Penos Bravos, near Saltillo (Gregg). 143. Mamillaria minima, Echb. in Terscheck, Suppl. Cact. p. 1 ; Walp. Eep. ii. p. 301. South Mexico, near Zimapan, on the Caracol {Ehrenberg). Hort. Kew. 144. Mamillaria mirabilis, Ehrb. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xvii. p. 251 ; Walp. Ann. ii. p. 676. Mexico. 145. Mamillaria mucronata, Ehrb. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xvii. p. 294; Walp. Ann. ii. p. 677. Mexico. 146. Mamillaria miihlenpfordtii, Foist, in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xv. p. 49. Mexico. 146*. Mamillaria multiceps, Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 81 ; Koch's Wochen- schr. i. p. 27. Mexico (KarwinsJci). Hort. Kew. 147. Mamillaria multiseta, Ehrb. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xvii. p. 242 ; Walp. Ann. ii. p. 674. Mexico. 148. Mamillaria mutabilis, Scheidw. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. ix. p. 43 ; Walp. Eep. ii. p. 298. Mexico. Hort. Kew. 149. Mamillaria mystax, Mart, in Act. Not. Nat. Cur. xvi. pars 1, p. 332, t. 21. South Mexico, Ismiquilpan and San Pedro Nolasco, at about 60Q(Heet (Karwinski), Oaxaca (Ehrenberg). 150- Mamillaria neumanniana, Lem. Cact. Gen. et Sp. Nov. Hort.Monv. p. 53. Mamillaria conopsea, Hort. Berol. nee Scheidw., ex Ehrenberg in Linnsea, xix. 350. South Mexico, Barrancas near Mestitlan and Ismiquilpan (Ehrenberg). Hort. Kew. 151. Mamillaria nigra, Ehrb. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. 1849, p. 287; Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 94. Mexico. 152. Mamillaria nigricans, Fennel in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xv. p. 66 ; Pfeiffer & Otto, Abbild. ii. t. 23. Mexico. Bu 2 516 CACTACE^E. 153. MamUlaria nivea, Wendl. Cat. Hort. Herrenh. 1835. Mamillaria toaldoa, Lehm., ex Walp. Rep. ii. p. 289. Mexico. Hort. Kew. 154. Mamillaria nobilis, Pfeiff. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz, viii. p. 282 ; Walp. Kep. ii. p. 302. Mamillaria bicolor, jS. nobilis, Forst. Mexico. Hort. Kew. 155. Mamillaria nuda, DC. Prodr. iii. p. 460. Mexico. 156. Mamillaria Obliqua, Ehrb. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xvii. p. 250; Walp. Ann. ii. p. 675. * Mexico. 157. Mamillaria Obvallata, Otto in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xiv. p. 308. Mexico. 158. Mamillaria octacantha, DC. Kev. Cact. p. 113. Mexico, without locality {Coulter). Pfeiffer (Enum. Cact. p. 23) reduces this and M. aulacantha, DO, to M. lehmanni, Hort. ; and Salm Dyck (Cact. ed. 2, p. 19) refers them and several others to M. macro- thele, Mart., a later name. 159. Mamillaria odieriana, Lem. Cact. Gen. et Sp. Nov. Hort. Monv. p. 86. South Mexico, near Acholoya, beneath oak trees, at 6500 feet (Ehrenberg). Hort. Kew. 160. Mamillaria OttoniS, Pfeiff. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. vi. p. 274; Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 129. South Mexico, Mineral del Monte (Ehrenberg). 161. Mamillaria Olorina, Ehrb. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xvii. p. 326 ; Walp. Ann. ii. p. 679. Mexico. 162. Mamillaria pallescens, Scheidw. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. ix. p. 42 ; Walp. Kep. ii. p. 294. South Mexico, near Tehuacan, above 5500 feet (Galeotti). 163. Mamillaria parkinsonii, Ehrb. in Linnsea, xiv. p. 375. South Mexico, near San Onofre, at about 4000 feet, and also in the Mineral del Monte, on calcareous rocks (Ehrenberg). Hort. Kew. 164. Mamillaria pazzanii, Steeber, in Bot. Zeit. v. p. 491. Mexico. CACTACE^E. 517 165. MamUlaria pentacantha, Pfeiff. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. viii. p. 406, et in Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 121. Mexico. Hort. Kew. 166. Mamillaria persicina, Ehrb. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xvii. p. 250 ; Walp. Ann. ii. p. 675. Mexico. Hort. Kew. 167. Mamillaria pfeifferiana, Vriese in Tijdschrift Nat. Gesch. vi. p. 51, 1. 1. fig. 2 ; Walp. Eep. ii. p. 303. Vriese distinguishes the following varieties : — Var. a. fulvispina, Scheidw. in Bull. Acad. Brux. vi. p. 6 (species). Var. (3. dichotoma, id. ibid. Var. y. altissima, id. ibid. Var. 8. flaviceps, id. ibid. Var. e. variabilis, id. ibid. Mexico. 168. Mamillaria phaeacantha, Lem. Cact. Gen. et Sp. Nov. Hort. Monv. p. 47. Mamillaria radula, Hort. Berol. South Mexico, on sandstone hills near Eegla at 6500 feet, and at San Toro at 6000 feet (Ehrenberg). 169. Mamillaria phaeotricha, Monv. Cat. 1846, ex Labouret, Cact. p. 39. Mexico 1 170. Mamillaria phellosperma, Engelm. Cact. U.S. et Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 6, t. 7. Mamillaria tetrancistra, Engelm. (partim) in Sill. Journ. 1852. Arizona. — North-west Mexico (Schott, Parry, Bigelow). 171. Mamillaria phymatothele, Bergm. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. viii. p. 129. Mexico, San Felipe (Ehrenberg). Hort. Kew. 171*. Mamillaria picta, Meinsh. in Koch's Wochenschr. i. p. 27. Mexico (KarwinsM)' 172. Mamillaria plaschnicMi, Otto, ex Pfeiff. Enum. p. 24. South Mexico, near Actopan, above 6000 feet, Zimapan, Pachuca &c, at 6000 to 7500 feet (Ehrenberg). 172*. Mamillaria pleCOStigma, Meinsh. in Koch's Wochenschr. i. p. 27. Mexico (KarwinsM). 518 cactace^:. 172**. Mamillaria pleiocephala, Kegel et Klein, Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 1860, p. 47. Mexico (Karwinski). 173. Mamillaria polycentra, Bergm. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. viii. p. 130 ; Walp. Eep. ii. p. 297. Mexico. 174. Mamillaria polycephala, Miihlpf. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xiii. p. 346 ; Walp. Kep. v. p. 810. South Mexico, Eeal del Monte (ex Muhlenpfordt). 175. Mamillaria polyedra, Mart, in Act. Nov. Nat. Cur. xvi. pars 1, p. 326, 1. 18. South Mexico, near Oaxaca, at Zimapan and Ismiquilpan (Karwinski, Ehrenberg). Hort. Kew. Var. /3. laevior, Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 17. Mamillaria anisacantha, Hort. ex Salm Dyck, loc. cit. 176. Mamillaria polygona, Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 120. Mexico. 177. Mamillaria polymorpha, Scheer in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xiv. p. 573. Mexico. 178. Mamillaria polythele, Mart, in Act. Nov. Nat. Cur. xvi. pars 1, p. 328, 1. 19; Labour. Cact. p. 51. Labouret (loc. cit.) makes the following varieties, some of which are kept distinct here on the authority of Ehrenberg : — Var. a. polythele. South Mexico, Ismiquilpan (Ehrenberg). Hort. Kew. Var. (3. quadrispina, Mart. loc. cit. p. 329 (species). South Mexico, Puerto de Ismiquilpan (Ehrenberg). Var. y. hexacantha, Salm Dyck. Mamillaria columnaris, Mart. loc. cit. p. 330 (species). Var. I. setosa, Salm Dyck. South Mexico, Barranca de los Majadas, in forests on mossy cliffs (Ehrenberg). Var. i. aciculata, Salm Dyck. Var. i. latimamma, Salm Dyck. 179. Mamillaria pomacea, Ehrb. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xvi. p. 267 ; Walp. Ann. ii. p. 674. Mexico. CACTACILE. 519 180. Mamillaria pottsii, Scheer in Engelm. Synop. Cact. U.S. &c. p. 12. Texas.— North Mexico, Chihuahua, limestone rocks, 6000 to 7000 feet (Potts). 181. Mamillaria praelii, Mtihlenpf. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xiv. p. 372. Mexico. Hort. Kew. Salm Dyck (Cact. ed. 2, p. 116) regards this as a variety of M. viridis. 182. Mamillaria pretiosa, Ehrb. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xvii. p. 250 ; Walp. Ann. ii. p. 676. Mexico. 183. Mamillaria (Anhalonium) prismatica, Lem. Hort. Univ. i. p. 231, 1. 1 ; Walp. Eep. ii. p. 309 ; Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 77. Anhalonium retusum, Salm Dyck, Cact. 1844, p. 15. Ariocarpus retusus, Scheidw. Descr. Cact. Norm. p. 2, t. 1. Mamillaria aloides, Monv. Cat. 1846, ex Labour. Cact. p. 153. Noeth Mexico, fissures of porphyritic rocks near San Luis de Potosi (Galeotti). 184. Mamillaria procera, Ehrb. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. 1849, p. 241. Mexico. Hort. Kew. 185. Mamillaria pugionacantha, Forst. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xv. p. 50. Mexico. 186. Mamillaria putohella, Hort. Berol., ex Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, pp. 10 et 94. Mexico. Hort. Kew. Pfeiffer (Enum. p. 28) refers this to M. discolor. 187. Mamillaria pulcherrima, Ehrb. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xvii. p. 242. Mexico. Hort. Kew. 188. Mamillaria pulchra, Haw. in Bot. Keg. t. 1329. Mexico. Pfeiffer refers this, with a doubt, to M. tentaculata. 189. Mamillaria purpurea, Ehrb. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xvii. p. 270; Walp. Ann. ii. p. 677. Mexico. 190. Mamillaria pusilla, DC. Prodr. iii. p. 459, et Eev. t. 2. fig. 1. Cactus stellatus, Lodd. Bot. Cab. i. t. 79. Var. texana, Engelm. Cact. U.S. et Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 5, t. 5. Noeth Mexico, common along the Rio Grande (Bigelow, Poselger). The typical plant is from the West Indies. Hort. Kew. 520 CACTACE^. 191. Mamillaria pycnacantha, Mart, in Act. Nov. Nat. Cur. xvi. pars 1, p. 325, t. 17 ; Bot. Mag. t. 3972 ; Pfeiffer & Otto, Abbild. i. t. 26. ' Mamillaria latimamma, DC. Kev. p. 114? South Mexico, near the city of Mexico, 7000 feet (Karwinski), Pachuca, 7500 feet, Regla, &c. (Ehrenberg), common between Tacubaya and Santa Fe (Bourgeau, 306). Hort. Kew. 192. Mamillaria pyrrhocephala, Scheidw. in Otto&Dietr. Allg. Gartz. ix.p. 42. South Mexico, Peal del Monte, above 6000 feet (Galeotti). 193. Mamillaria pyrrhochroacantha, Lem. Cact. Gen. Nov. et Sp. Hort. Monv. p. 51. Mexico % 194. Mamillaria quadrispina, Mart, in Act. Nov. Nat. Cur. xvi. pars 1, p. 329. South Mexico, Ismiquilpan {Karwinski). 195. Mamillaria radians, DC. Kev. Cact. p. Ill ; Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 105. South Mexico, in the valley of Zimapan (Ehrenberg), without locality (Coulter). Hort. Kew. Var. 0. globosa, Scheidw. in Bull. Acad. Brux. v. p. 494. Mexico. 196. Mamillaria raphidacantha, Lem. Cact. Gen. et Sp.Nov. Hort. Monv. p. 34. Mamillaria ancistracantha, Lem. loc. cit. p. 36. Mamillaria clavata et M. stipitata, Scheidw. ex Labour. Cact. p. 128. Noeth Mexico, several varieties received from San Luis Potosi (Ehrenberg) . Hort. Kew. 197. Mamillaria recurva, Lehm. ex Pfeiff. Enum. p. 15. Mamillaria lehmannii, Hort., ex Pfeiff. loc. cit. South Mexico, near Pachuca, at 7500 feet, near Los Banos de Atotonilco el Grande, at 6000 feet, near Zimapan, &c. (ex Ehrenberg). 198. Mamillaria recurvispina, Engelm. Cact. U.S. et Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 12. North Mexico, eastern parts of Sonora Alta, especially in the Sierra del Pajarito (Schott). 199. Mamillaria recurvispina, Vriese in Tijdschrift Nat. Gesch. vi. p. 53, t. i. fig. 3. Mexico. 200. Mamillaria regia, Ehrb. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xvii. p. 269. Mexico. 201. Mamillaria retusa, Hort. Belg., ex Pfeiff. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. v. p. 369. Mexico. GACTACE2E. 521 202. Mamillaria rhodeocentra, Lem. Cact. Gen. et Sp. Nov. Hort. Monv. p. 52 ; Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 108. Mexico. Var. /3. gracillima, Scheer in Seem. Bot. Voy. < Herald,' p. 288. North Mexico, Chihuahua (Potts). 203. Mamillaria rhodantha, Link et Otto, Ic. PI. Ear. t. 26 ; Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 97 ; Pfeiff. Enum. p. 31. South Mexico, frequent in the Pefion Grande, Pefion de los Bafios, and many other places (Ehrenberg), Cerro de los Banos, near Mexico (Bourgeau, 47). Hort. Kew. Pfeiffer (Enum. Diag. Cact. p. 31) makes the following varieties : — Var. /3. prolifera. Var. y. andreas, Otto. Mamillaria inuncta, Hffsg. ? Var. I. wendlandii. Mamillaria erinacea, Wendl. Cat. Hort. Herrenh. 1835. Var. s. neglecta, Hort. Berol. Var. t rubens. Mamillaria pyramidalis, Hort. Berol. 204. Mamillaria robustispina, Schott, ex Engelm. Cact. U.S. et Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 11, t. 74. fig. 8. Noeth Mexico, on grassy prairies on the south side of the Barbuquibari Mountains, Sonora (Schott). 205. Mamillaria rosea, Scheidw. in Horticult. Beige, p. 118, t. 5, nee Galeotti. Mexico. 206. Mamillaria rufidula, Ehrb. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xvii. p. 295 ; Walp. Ann. ii. p. 677. Mexico. 207. Mamillaria rufocrocea, Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 102. Mexico, near Las Ajuntas, on the Montezuma river (Ehrenberg). 208. Mamillaria riischiana, Kegel, Ind. Sem. Hort. Tunc. 1850, Coll. p. 4, in adnot. Mexico. 209. Mamillaria rutila, Zucc, ex Pfeiflf. Enum. p. 29. Mexico. biol. cent.-amek., Bot. Vol. 1, August 1880. 3 a? 522 CACTAGILE. Var. /3. OCtOSpina, Scheidw. in Bull. Acad. Brux. vi. p. 5. Mexico. 210. Mamillaria salm-dyckiana, Scheer in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. 1850 ; Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald,' p. 289. North Mexico, Chihuahua {Potts). 211. Mamillaria saxatilis, Scheer in Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald,' p. 286. North Mexico, crevices of rocks, Chihuahua {Potts). 212. Mamillaria scepontocentra, Lem. Cact. Gen. et Sp. Nov. p. 43. South Mexico, Oaxaca, on vegetable mould in the prairies near Pachuca, above 6000 feet (Galeotti). 213. Mamillaria SChaeferi, Fennel in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xv. p. 66. Mexico. 214. Mamillaria SCheerii, Miihlpf. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xv. p. 97, t. 2 ; Engelm. Cact. U.S. et Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 10. Texas. — North Mexico, Chihuahua (Potts) ; South Mexico, Eeal del Monte. 215. Mamillaria SCheidweileriana, Otto, ex Scheer in Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald,' p. 286. North Mexico, Chihuahua (Potts), San Luis Potosi (Ehrenberg). Hort. Kew. 216. Mamillaria SChelhasii, Pfeiffer, Cat. Hort. Monv. 1846. South Mexico, Mineral del Monte, Actopan, and Ismiquilpan (Ehrenberg). 217. Mamillaria SChiedeana, Ehrb. in Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 85 ; Labour. Cact. p. 66. Mamillaria sericata, Lem. Cact. Gen. et Sp. Nov. Hort. Monv. p. 44. South Mexico, Mineral del Monte, on limestone, Puente de Dios, Barrancas near Mestitlan, 4000 to 5000 feet (Ehrenberg). Hort. Kew. 218. Mamillaria SChlechtendalii, Ehrb. in Linnsea, xiv. p. 377. Mexico, near San Onofre, in the Mineral del Doctor (Ehrenberg). Hort. Kew. 219. Mamillaria SCOlymoides, Scheidw. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. ix. p. 44. Mamillaria daimonoceras, Lem., ex Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, pp. 20 et 131. Mexico, received from San Luis Potosi (Ehrenberg), about Santa Kosa (Bigelow). Var. j3. longiseta, Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 132. Var. y. nigricans, Salm Dyck, loc. cit. Var. I. raphidacantha, Salm Dyck, loc. cit. 220. Mamillaria seemannii, Scheer in Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald,' p. 288. North Mexico, Durango (Seemann). CACTACE,E. 523 221. Mamillaria seidelii, Tersch. Suppi. p. l ; Walp. Eep. ii. p. 301. Mexico. 222. Mamillaria Seitziana, Mart, in Pfeiff. Enum. p. 18 ; Pfeiffer et Otto, Abbild. i. t. 8. South Mexico, Oaxaca (Ehrenberg), Ismiquilpan, above 8775 feet (Karwinski). 223. Mamillaria sempervivi, DC. Eev. Cact. p. 114 ; Mem. p. 13, t. 8. Mamillaria caput-medusce, Otto in Pfeiff. Enum. p. 22 ; Labour. Cact. p. 90. Mamillaria diacantha, Lem. Cact. aliq. Nov. p. 2, ex Labour. Cact. p. 90. South Mexico, without locality (Coulter), in meadows and thickets near Zimapan, at 5000 to 5500 feet (Ehrenberg). 224. Mamillaria Senilis, Lodd., ex Scheer in Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald,' p. 286. North Mexico, on the tops of mountains near Chihuahua (Potts), Sierra Madre, on rocks (Seemann). Hort. Kew. 225. Mamillaria setosa, Pfeiff. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. 1843, p. 379, et Enum. p. 30. Mexico, Barranca de las Majadas (Ehrenberg). 225*. Mamillaria severini, Eegel et Klein, Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 1860, p. 46. Mexico (Karwinski). 226. Mamillaria simplex, Haw. Synop. p. 177; DC. Mem. Cact. t. 7. Mexico (Coulter). 226*. Mamillaria SOroria, Meinsh. in Koch's Wochenschrift, i. p. 28. South Mexico, Santa Barbara etc. (Karwinski). 227. Mamillaria speciosa, Vriese in Tijdschrift Nat. Gesch. vi. p. 52. Mexico. 228. Mamillaria spectabilis, Miihlpf. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xiii. p. 346 ; Walp. Rep. v. p. 810. South Mexico, Eeal del Monte (ex Muhlenpfordi). 229. Mamillaria sphacelata, Mart, in Act. Nov. Nat. Cur. xvi. pt. 1, p. 339, t. 25. fig. 1. South Mexico, Zimapan (Ehrenberg). Hort. Kew. 230. Mamillaria sphserotricha, Lem. Cact. Gen. et Sp. Nov. Hort. Monv. p. 33 ; Labour. Cact. p. 65. Mamillaria Candida, Scheidw. in Bull. Acad. Brux. v. p. 496, ex Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 8. Nokth Mexico, San Luis Potosi (Galeotti). 231. Mamillaria sphfflrica, Dietrich, ex Engelm. Cact. U.S. et Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 9. Texas. Nokth Mexico, valley of the Eio Grande (Schott). 524 cactace^:. 232. Mamillaria spinaurea, Salm Dyck in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. 18-50, p. 50 ; Scheer in Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald,' p. 288. Noeth Mexico, probably Sonora or Durango (Potts). 233. Mamillaria spinosissima, Lem. Cact. aliq. Nov. Hort. Monv. fasc. i. p. 4. Mexico. Hort. Kew. 233*. Mamillaria Squarrosa, Meinsh. in Koch's Wochenschrift, ii. p. 116. Mexico (KarwinsM). 234. Mamillaria Stella-aurata, Mart, in Zucc. PI. Nov. fasc. iii. p. 101. South Mexico, Zimapan (Ehrenberg). Hort. Kew. 235. Mamillaria Stenocephala, Scheidw. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. ix. p. 43. South Mexico, in shady forest, under large pine and yew trees, on the Cerro de la Puerta de la Palma, between Zimapan and Jacola (Ehrenberg). 236. Mamillaria Strobiliformis, Scheer, ex Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 104. Noeth Mexico, Chihuahua (Potts). 237. Mamillaria Stiiberi, Forst. Handb. p. 517 ; Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 95. Mamillaria imbricata, Wegener, ex Salm Dyck, loc. cit. p. 11. Mexico. 238. Mamillaria subangularis, DC. Rev. Cact. p. 112, et Mem. p. 10. Mexico, without locality (Coulter). Hort. Kew. 239. Mamillaria subcrocea, DC. Rev. Cact. p. 110. Mexico, near Las Ajuntas, on the Montezuma river (Ehrenberg), without locality (Coulter). Hort. Kew. 240. Mamillaria subechinata, Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 101. South Mexico, near Las Ajuntas, on the Montezuma river (Ehrenberg). 241. Mamillaria Sllbpolyedra, Salm Dyck, Hort. Dyck. p. 343 ; Cact. ed. 2, p. 120. Mamillaria poly gona, Zucc, ex Pfeiff. Enum. p. 17. South Mexico, near Zimapan and Ismiquilpan, at the upper limits of the temperate regions (Ehrenberg). 242. Mamillaria SllbtetragOna, A. Dietr. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. viii. p. 169. Mexico. 243. Mamillaria SUbulifera, Ehrb. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xvii. p. 242 ; Walp. Ann. ii. p. 274. Mexico. CACTACE.E. 525 244. Mamillaria (Anhalonium) sulcata, Saim Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 78. Anhalonium kotchubeyi, Lem., ex Salm Dyck, loc. cit. p. 5. Mexico (KarwinsM). 245. Mamillaria sulcolonata, Lem. Ic. Cact. livr. 8. Mamillaria retusa, Scheidw. ex Labour. Cact. p. 136. South Mexico, Mineral del Monte (Galeotti), received from the State of Oaxaca (Ehreriberg), 246. Mamillaria SUpertexta, Mart, ex Pfeiff. Enum. p. 25. Mexico, near San Jose del Oro, at nearly 13,000 feet altitude. 247. Mamillaria tentaculata, Hort. Berol., ex Pfeiff. Enum. p. 29. Mamillaria pulchra, Haw. Bot. Reg. t. 1329 ?, ex Pfeiff. loc. cit. Mexico. 248. Mamillaria tenuis, DC. Rev. Cact. p. 110, etMem. 1. 1 ; Bot. Reg. 1. 1523 ; Bot. Mag. t. 3646. South Mexico, Zimapan (Ehrenberg). 249. Mamillaria tetracantha, Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, pp. 16 et 114, etin Pfeiff. Enum. p. 18 ; Bot. Mag. t. 4060. Mexico. Hort. Kew. 250. Mamillaria tetracentra, Hort. Berol., ex Salm Dyck, Cat. ed. 2, p. 112 ; Labouret, Cact. p. 53. Mexico. 251. Mamillaria texensis, Labouret, Cact. p. 89. Mamillaria lindheimeri, Engelm. Texas. — North Mexico, Saltillo. 252. Mamillaria tomentOSa, Ehrb. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. 1849, p. 262. Mexico. 253. Mamillaria triacantha, DC. Rev. Cact. p. 113. Mexico, without locality (Coulter). 254. Mamillaria tuberculosa, Englm. Cact. U.S. et Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 14, t. lO.figg. 1-6. Texas. — North Mexico (Bigelow). 255. Mamillaria turbinata, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3984. Mexico. 256. Mamillaria uberiformis, Zucc. in Pfeiff. Enum. p. 23 ; Pfeiff. et Otto, Abbild. i. t. 13. South Mexico, in meadows near Pachuca, between 7000 and 8000 feet (KarwinsM). 526 CACTACILE. 257. Mamillaria umbrilia, Ehrb. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. 1849, p. 287. Mexico. 258. Mamillaria nnciuata, Zucc. in Pfeiff. Enum. p. 34 ; Pfeiff. et Otto, Abbild. i. t. 19. Mamillaria adunca, Scheidw. Mexico, meadows near Pachuca, 7500 feet, Cerro Ventoso, near Mineral del Monte, 8500 feet (KarwinsM). 259. Mamillaria variamamma, Ehrb. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xvii. p. 242 ; Walp. Ann. ii. p. 675. Mexico. 260. Mamillaria versicolor, Scheidw. in Bull. Acad. Brux. v. p. 494 ; Walp. Eep. ii. p. 299. Mexico. 261. Mamillaria vetllla, Mart, in Act. Nov. Nat. Cur. xvi. pt. 1, p. 338, t. 24. Mexico, on rocks near San Jose del Oro, 13,000 feet (KarwinsM), chalk cliffs at La Encarnacion, 11,000 feet (Ehrenberg). 262. Mamillaria villifera, otto in Pfeiff. Enum. p. 18. Mexico, Oaxaca (Ehrenberg). 263. Mamillaria virens, Scheidw. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. ix. p. 43. Mexico, Oaxaca (Ehrenberg). 264. Mamillaria viridis, Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 116. Mamillaria prcdii, Muhlpf. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xiv. p. 372, ex Salm Dyck, loc. cit. Mexico. 265. Mamillaria vivipara, Haw. Suppl. p. 2. Var. j3. neo-mexicana, Engelm. Cact. U.S. et Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 16. Texas ; New Mexico. — North Mexico, Sonora (Schott). A variable species, extending northward to the Upper Missouri and Yellowstone rivers and the Black Hills and Rocky Mountains. 266. Mamillaria VUlpina, Ehrb. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xvii. p. 308 ; Walp. Ann. ii. p. 678. Mexico. 267. Mamillaria webbiana, Lem. Cact. Gen. et Sp. Nov. Hort. Monv. p. 45. Mexico, near San Toro and on the Mesa de la Magdalena (Ehrenberg). 268. Mamillaria wegenerii, Ehrb. in Bot. Zeit. i. p. 738. South Mexico, Oaxaca (ex Ehrenberg). OACTACE^:. 527 269. Mamillaria wildiana, Otto ex Pfeiff. Enum. p. 37. Mexico, collected on the Rio Grande at an altitude of 5000 to 5500 feet on lava and basalt, and here and there on trees of Prosopis and Acacia (Ehrenberg). Hort. Kew. This is probably the Eio Grande in the State of Oaxaca. * 270. Mamillaria wilLklerii, Forst. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xv. p. 50. Mexico. Hort. Kew. 271. Mamillaria WObumensis, Scheer in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iv. p. 136. Guatemala. 272. Mamillaria wrightii, Engelm. Cact. U.S. et Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 7, t. 8. figg. 1-8 ; Engelm. et Bigel. Pacif. Railr. Eep. Cact. p. 27. Texas. — North Mexico, Santa-Bita-del-Cobre Mountains, near Lake Santa Maria, Chihuahua (Wright & Bigelow). 273. Mamillaria xanthotricha, Scheidw. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. viii. p. 338 ; Walp. Rep. ii. p. 298. South Mexico, Oaxaca (ex Ehrenberg). 274. Mamillaria zephyranthoides, Scheidw. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. ix. p. 41 ; Pfeiff. et Otto, Abbild. ii. t. 8. Mamillaria fennelii, Hopfer in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xi. p. 3. South Mexico, Oaxaca, between 7000 and 8000 feet (Galeotti, Ehrenberg). 275. Mamillaria zepnickii, Ehrb. in Bot. Zeit. ii. p. 835. Mexico. 276. Mamillaria ZUCCariniana, Mart, in Act. Nov. Nat. Cur. xvi. pars 1, p. 331, t. 20. Mamillaria macracantha, DC. Mem. Cact. t. 9. Mexico, Ismiquilpan (Karwinski). The following are described without names in Seemann's ' Botany of the Voyage of the " Herald " ':— Mamillaria, sp. (aff. M.parvimammce), Scheer in Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald,' p. 287. North Mexico, Chihuahua (Potts). Mamillaria, sp. (aff. M. simili), Scheer in Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald,' p. 287. North Mexico, Chihuahua (Potts). Mamillaria, sp. (aff. M. nivosce), Scheer in Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald,' p. 287. North Mexico, Chihuahua (Potts). Mamillaria, sp., Scheer in Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald,' p. 287. North Mexico, Chihuahua (Potts, 235). 528 cactace^:. Mamillaria, sp. (aff. M. formosce), Scheer in Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald,' p. 287. Noeth Mexico, near Chihuahua (Potts). Mamillaria, sp. Scheer in Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald,' p. 287. NoRtH Mexico, near Chihuahua (Potts, 226). 3. PELECYPHOEA. Pelecyphora, Ehrb. in Bot. Zeit. i. p. 737 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 848. Only one species described. l. Pelecyphora ascelliformis, Ehrb. in Bot. Zeit. i. p. 737. Mexico (Ehrenberg). 4. LEUCHTENBERGIA. Leuchtenbergia, Hook. Bot. Mag. sub tab. 4393 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 848. Monotypic. 1. Leuchtenbergia principis, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4393. South Mexico, neighbourhood of Eeal del Monte (Taylor). 5. ECHINOCACTUS. Echinocactus, Link et Otto in Verhandl. Preuss. Gartenb. Verein, iii. p. 420, t. 13 ad 20, 22 ad 24, 26 et 27 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 848. About 200 forms have been described. They are dispersed from Texas and California to Peru and Brazil, but are most numerous in Mexico. 1. Echinocactus acifer, Hopf., ex Labour. Cact. p. 226. Echinocactus wippermannii, Miihlpf. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. 1845, p. 370, ex Labour, loc. cit. Echinocactus spinosus, Wegener in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. 1844, p. 66, ex Labour, loc. cit. Mexico, Eeal del Monte (ex Ldbouret), several varieties growing in red lava near Estanijas (Ehrenberg). Salm Dyck (Cact. ed. 2, p. 162) maintains the name E. wippermannii, Miihlpf. 2. Echinocactus acroacanthus, Stieber in Bot. Zeit. v. p. 491. Mexico. 3. Echinocactus adversispinus, Miihlpf. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xvi. p. 10 ; Walp. Ann. ii. p. 682. Mexico. 4. Echinocactus albatus, A. Dietr. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xiv. p. 170. Mexico. 5. Echinocactus allardtianus, A. Dietr. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xv. p. 178. Mexico. CACTACKE. 529 6. EcMnoCactUS anfractuoSUS, Mart, in Pfeiff. Enum. p. 63. South Mexico, near Pachuca (KarwinsM). Hort. Kew. 7. EchillOCactuS arachnoideus, Scheidw. in Bull. Acad. Brux. vi. p. 4. Mexico. 8. Echinocactus arrigens, Link in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. viii. p. 161 ; Pfeiff. et Otto, Abbild. ii. t. 27. Echinocactus seiphacanthus, Miq. in Linnsea, xii. p. 1 ? Mexico, Zimapan (Ehrenberg). 9. Echinocactus aulaCOgOnUS, Lem. Cact. aliq. Nov. Hort. Monv. p. 14. Mexico ? Hort. Kew. 10. Echinocactus bicolor, Galeotti in Pfeiff. & Otto, Abbild. ii. t. 25 ; Labour. Cact. p. 259 ; Engelm. Cact. U.S. et Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 27. Texas. — North Mexico, Chihuahua (Potts). First introduced into Europe by Galeotti, but the habitat not recorded. Hort. Kew. 11. Echinocactus Tbrachycentrus, Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. ii. p. 160. Mexico. 12. Echinocactus ? cereiformis, DC. Kev. Cact. p. 115. Mexico, without locality (Coulter). 13. Echinocactus chlorophthalmus, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4373. Mexico, Eeal del Monte (ex Hooker). 14. Echinocactus concinnus, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4115. Mexico % 14*. Echinocactus COnothelos, Kegel et Klein, Ind. Sf n. Hort. Petrop. 1860, p. 48. Mexico (KarwinsM). 15. Echinocactus COptOgOnuS, Lem. Cact. Gen. et Sp. Nov. p. 87 ; Icon. Cact. iii. t. 1 ; Pfeiff. & Otto, Abbild. ii. t. 19. Echinocactus interruptus, Sch. North Mexico, La Concepcion, San Luis Potosi (Ehrenberg); South Mexico, Mineral del Monte (ex Pfeiffer & Otto), in the plains near Pachuca (Ehrenberg). 16. Echinocactus COrnigeruS, DC. Kev. Cact. p. 36, t. 7, et Mem. Cact. t. 10. South Mexico, between the city of Mexico and Pachuca (Ehrenberg), Mount Zacualco near Guadalupe, valley of Mexico (JSourgeau, 1183); Guatemala (ex Be Candolle). 17. Echinocactus COrynodes, Hort. Berol., ex Pfeiff. Enum. p. 55 ; Bot. Mag. t. 3906. biol. cent.-amer., Bot., Vol. 1, August 1880. %y 530 CACTACEiE. Echinocactus acutangulus, Zucc, ex Pleiff. loc. cit. Malacocarjms corynodes, Salm Dyck, Cat. ed. 2, p. 141. According to Labouret (Cact. p. 169) this species is a native of Mexico and Monte Video ; but this appears to be very doubtful. k 18. Echinocactus crispatus, DC. Rev. Cact. p. 37, t. 8. South Mexico, near Pachuca, Zimapan, &c. {Coulter, Ehrenberg). k/3. horridus, DC. loc. cit. p. 115. Guatemala. 19. Echinocactus debilispinus, Bergm. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. viii. p. 131. Mexico. 20. Echinocactus dicliroacantkuS, Mart, in Pfeiff. Enum. p. 62. Mexico, near Zimapan. 21. Echinocactus echidne, DC. Mem. Cact. p. 19, 1. 11; Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, pp. 27, 150. Echinocactus dolichacanthus, Lem., et Echinocactus vanderayi, Lem., ex Salm Dyck, loc. cit. p. 27. South Mexico, Mestitlan and Zimapan &c. (Ehrenberg), without locality (Coulter). Hort. Kew. 22. Echinocactus ehrenbergii, Pfeiff., ex Labour. Cact. p. 263. South Mexico, Mineral del Monte (ex Pfeiffer), in the valleys of Zimapan, Ismi- quilpan, &c. (Ehrenberg). 23. Echinocactus electracanthus, Lem. Cact. aliq. Nov. Hort. Monv. p. 24. Mexico, near San Bartolo, San Sebastian, Barranca of Mestitlan &c, 6000 feet (ex Ehrenberg). Hort. Kew. 24. Echinocactus emoryi, Engelm. in Emory's Eep. 1848, et in Pacif. Eailr. Eep. Cact. p. 31, t. 3. fig. 3, et in Cact. U.S. et Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 23, t. 28. California. — North Mexico, Punta de Agua, Sierra del Pajarito, Sierra de Sonoita, &c, Sonora (Schott). 25. Echinocactus ensiferus, Lem. Cact. aliq. Nov. Hort. Monv. p. 26. Mexico. 26. Echinocactus exSCulptUS, Otto, ex Pfeiff. Enum. p. 65. Echinocactus suhgibbosus, Haw., ex Pfeiff. loc. cit. Mexico. — Chili ; Monte Video (ex Pfeiffer). 27. Echinocactus eyriesii, Turp. Observ. p. 58, t. 2 ; Bot. Beg. t. 1707 ; Bot. Mag. t. 3411 ; Pfeiff. Enum. p. 72. Mexico (Lubbock). — Buenos Ayres (ex Pfeiffer). Lindley (loc. cit.) distinctly states that this species was procured from Mexico by Sir John Lubbock ; but Pfeiffer gives Buenos Ayres as the native country. CACTACKE. 531 27*. Echinocactus flavispillUS, Meinsh. in Koch's Wochenschrift, i. p. 28. Mexico, El Limon (Karwinski). 28. EchinocactllS flavovirens, Scheidw. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. ix. p. 50. Echinocactus polycentrus, Lem. Echinocactus orthacanthus, Link et Otto. South Mexico, Tehuacan. 29. Echinocactus flexispinus, Salm Dyck, Cact. p. 159. Echinocactus undulatus, Dietr.? ex Salm Dyck. Mexico (Ehrenberg). 30. Echinocactus forsterii, Stieber in Bot. Zeit. v. p. 491. Mexico. 31. Echinocactus foSSUlatUS, Scheidw. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. ix. p. 49 ; Pfeiff. &.Otto, Abbild. ii. t. 13. Echinocactus hexcedrophorus, Lem. Cact. Gen. p. 17 ? Echinocactus insculptus, Scheidw. in Horticult. Belg. 1837, t. 7? North Mexico, San Luis Potosi. 32. Echinocactus galeottii, Scheidw. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. ix. p. 50 ; Walp. Eep. ii. p. 319. Mexico. 33. Echinocactus gibbosus, DC. Prodr. iii. p. 461. Cactus gibbosus, Haw. Bot. Reg. t. 137. Cereus reductus, Link, Enum. ii. p. 21. Gymnocalycinum reductum, Pfeiff. & Otto, Abbild. ii. t. 12. Mexico ; Guatemala. — Jamaica. Hort. Kew. 34. Echinocactus gilvUS, A. Dietr. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xiii. p. 170. South Mexico, Mestitlan and Zimapan (Ehrenberg). Salm Dyck (Cact. ed. ii. p. 150) thought this might be a variety of E. echidne. 35. Echinocactus ghiesbreghtianus, Lem. Hort. Univ. p. 227, t. 5. Mexico. 36. Echinocactus ghiesbreghtii, Salm Dyck in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xviii. p. 395. North Mexico, on the Kio Grande del Norte. 37. Echinocactus gladiatus, Link et Otto in Verhandl. des Gartenb.-Vereins fur Preuss. iii. p. 426, t. 17 ; Walp. Eep. ii. p. 310. Mexico. 38. Echinocactus glaucescens, DC. Eev. Cact. p. 115. Mexico, without locality (Coulter). 3y2 532 CACTACELE. 39. EchinOCactUS grandicomis, Lem. Cact. Gen. etSp. Nov. Hort. Monv. p. 30. South Mexico, Zimapan {Ehrenberg). 40. EchinOCactUS haematOCfcroanthuS, Miihlpf. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xiv. p. 371. Mexico. 41. EchinOCactUS helophorus, Lem. Cact. Gen. et Sp. Nov. p. 12. North Mexico, received from San Luis Potosi {Ehrenberg). 42. EchinOCactUS heteracanthus, Miihlpf. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xiii. p. 345 ; Walp. Eep. v. p. 814. Mexico, Eeal del Monte (ex Muhlenpfordt). 43. EchinOCactUS hexacanthus, Miihlpf. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xiv. p. 369. Mexico. 44. EchinOCactUS hexaedrophorUS, Lem. Cact. Gen. et Sp. Nov. Hort. Monv, p. 27 ; Bot. Mag. t. 4311. Echinocactus fossulatus, Scheidw. ex Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 34. Noeth Mexico, San Luis Potosi {Ehrenberg). Hort. Kew. 45. EchinOCactUS hexaedrUS, Scheidw. in Bull. Acad. Brux. vi. p. 3. Noeth Mexico, San Luis Potosi. 46. EcMllOCactUS heyderi, A. Dietr. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xiv. p. 170. Mexico. 47. EchinOCactUS histricacanthus, Lem. Cact. Gen. Nov. Hort. Monv. p. 17. Noeth Mexico, received from San Luis Potosi {Ehrenberg). Hort. Kew. 48. Echinocactus histrix, DC. Eev. Cact. p. 115. Mexico, without locality {Coulter). Pfeiffer refers this, with a query, to E. oxypterus, Zucc. 49. EchinOCactUS hookeri, Miihlpf. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xiii. p. 345 ; Walp. Eep. v. p. 811. South Mexico, Eeal del Monte (ex Muhlenpfordt). 50. EchinOCactUS horizonthalionis, Lem. Iconog. Cact. livr. 2 ; Engelm. Cact. U.S. et Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 26, t. 31 et 32. figg. 1-5. Echinocactus equitans, Scheidw. ex Scheer in Seem. Bot, Voy. ' Herald/ p. 290. Texas. — Noeth Mexico, near Chihuahua {Potts). Var. f3. CUTVispina, Salm Dyck, Scheer in Seem. Bot. Voy. £ Herald,' p. 290. Noeth Mexico, abundant in sandy plains, Chihuahua {Potts). CA.CTACEM. 533 51. Echinocactus horripilus, Lem., ex Labour. Cact. p. 264. Echinocactus caespititius, Pfeiff., ex Labour, loc. cit. South Mexico, on the slopes of the Barrancas of Mestitlan and Zimapan, 4000 to 5000 feet (Ehrenberg). Hort. Kew. 52. Echinocactus hystrichodes, Lem. Cact. Gen. et Sp. Nov. in Hort. Monv. p. 17 ; Labour. Cact. p. 215. Echinocactus obvallatus, /3. spinosior, Lem., ex Labour, loc. cit. Mexico. 53. Echinocactus ingens, Zucc. in Pfeiff. Enum. p. 54. Melocactus ingens, Karw., ex Pfeiff. loc. cit. Echinocactus karwinskii, Zucc, ex Labour. Cact. p. 193. South Mexico, Zimapan, Ismiquilpan, Mestitlan, San Pedrito, &c, 4000 to 6000 feet (ex Ehrmberg). Hort. Kew. See note under E. platyceras. 54. Echinocactus insculptus, Scheidw. in Bull. Acad. Brux. vi. p. 2 ; Walp. Rep. ii. p. 323. Mexico. 55. Echinocactus intertextUS, Engelm. Cact. U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 27, t. 34 et 35. figg. 1-5, et Synop. p. 21. Echinocactus unguispinus, Engelm. Texas. — Noeth Mexico, Chihuahua (Wislizenus). 56. Echinocactus irroratus, Scheidw. in Bull. Acad. Brux. vi. p. 3. Mexico. 57. Echinocactus karwinskii, Zucc, ex Pfeiff. Enum. p. 50. Mexico. 58. Echinocactus lamelloSUS, A. Dietr. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xv. p. 177. Mexico. 59. Echinocactus lancifer, Reich, in Terscheck's Suppl. Cact. p. 2. Echinocactus obvallatus, Pfeiff. & Otto, Abbild. ii. t. 22. Noeth Mexico, Pelago, between Chihuahua and Parras (Wislizenus). 60. Echinocactus latisipinus, Haw. in Phil. Mag. lxiii. p. 41, sub Cacto. Noeth Mexico, San Luis Potosi (Ehrenberg). DeCandolle thought this might be the same as his E. cornigerus; but Ehrenberg (Linnsea, xix. p. 356) states that it is different. 61. Echinocactus lecontei, Engelm. in Pacif. Railr. Rep. p. 29, t. 2. figg. 3-5, et Cact. U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 23, t. 27. Califoenia, New Mexico. — Noeth Mexico, Sonora (Le Conte, Schott). 534 CACTACE^:. 62. Echinocactus leucanthus, Zucc. in Act. Acad. Bav. 1837, ii. p. 729, t. 2. fig. 10 ; Pfeiff. Enum. p. 66 ; Pfeiff. & Otto, Abbild. i. t. 14. Echinocactus tuberosus, Salm Dyck, ex Labour. Cact. p. 261. Echinocactus subporrectus, Lem., ex Labour, loc. cit. South Mexico, Zimapan (KarwinsJci), Ismiquilpan (Ehrenberg). 63. Echinocactus linkeanus, A. Dietr. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xvi. p. 298. Mexico. 64. Echinocactus linkii, Lehm. in Act. Nov. Nat. Cur. xvi. pt. 1, p. 316, t. 14 ; Walp. Eep. ii. p. 310. Mexico. Hort. Kew. 65. EchillOCactllS longihamatUS, Galeotti, in Forster's Handb. p. 321 (absque descr.) et in Pfeiff. & Otto, Abbild. ii. 1. 16 ; Scheer, in Seem. Bot. Voy. 'Herald,' p. 290 ; Engelm. Cact. U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 22, t. 21-24; Bot. Mag. t. 4632. Texas. — Noeth Mexico, Chihuahua (Potts) ; South Mexico. Hort. Kew. 66. Echinocactus lophothele, Salm Dyck in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xviiL p. 395 ; Scheer, in Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald,' p. 291. Noeth Mexico, Chihuahua (Potts). 67. Echinocactus macracanthus, Vriese, in Tijdschrift Nat. Gesch. vi. p. 49, t. 2. Mexico. 68. Echinocactus macrocephalus, Miihlpf. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xiv. p. 370. Mexico. 69. Echinocactus macrodiscUS, Mart, in Act. Nov. Nat. Cur. pt. 1, p. 341, t. 26. Echinocactus campylacanthus, Scheidw. ex Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 28. Noeth Mexico, San Luis Potosi (Galeotti) ; South Mexico, on the Cumbre, at about 10,000 feet, in a place called El Kenosco (KarwinsJci). Hort. Kew. 70. Echinocactus macleanii, Salm Dyck, Cat. 1844, ex Labour. Cact. p. 263. Mexico. 71. Echinocactus melocactiformis, DC. Bev. Cact. p. 38, 1. 10. Mexico (Mo?ino & SessS). 72. Echinocactus muhlenpfordtii, Fennel, in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xv p. 65. Mexico. 73. Echinocactus multiflorus, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4181. Mexico ? Hort. Kew. CACTACILE. 535 74. Echinocactus myriostigma, Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, pp. 29, 155 ; Bot. t. 4177 ; 111. Hort. t. 292. Astrophytum myriostigma, Lem. North Mexico, San Luis Potosi (F. Staines). Hort. Kew. 74*. EcMnOCactUS nodoSUS, Linke in Koch's Wochenschrift, i. p. 85. Mexico. 75. EcMnOCactUS obvallatus, DC. Prodr. iii. p. 462 ; Eev. Cact. p. 37, t. 9 ; Pfeiff. & Otto, Abbild. ii. t. 22. South Mexico, Zimapan, Tepenexcomitl (Ehrenberg). Hort. Kew. 76. Echinocactus OCtacanthus, Miihlpf., in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xvi. p. 10 ; Walp. Ann. ii. p. 681. Mexico. 77. Echinocactus oligacanthus, Mart, in Pfeiff. Enum. p. 53. Mexico. 78. Echinocactus ornatus, DC. Eev. Cact. p. 114. Echinocactus holopterus, Miq., ex Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 27. Echinocactus mirbelii, Lem., ex Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 27. Echinocactus tortus, Scheidw., ex Labour. Cact. p. 182. South Mexico, Zimapan and Las Ajuntas on the Montezuma river, &c. (Ehrenberg). Hort. Kew. 79. EcMnOCactUS OttoniS, Lehm. in Act. Nov. Nat. Cur. xvi. pt. 1, p. 317, 1. 15; Bot. Mag. t. 3107. Mexico ? — Bkazil. Hort. Kew. 80. Echinocactus OXypterus, Zucc. in Pfeiff. Enum. p. 57. South Mexico, Santa Eosa de Toliman (KarwinsM). 81. Echinocactus pachyCOrnis, Miihlpf. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xiv. p. 371. Mexico. 82. Echinocactus pentacanthus, Lem. Cact. aliq. Nov. Hort. Monv. p. 27. South Mexico, Pachuca and Los Bahos del Grande (Ehrenberg). 83. Echinocactus parryi, Engelm. Cact. U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 25, t. 32. figg. 6, 7. Nokth Mexico, desert region south-west of El Paso towards Lake Guzman (Parry, Wright, Eigelow). 84. Echinocactus pentlandii, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4124. Mexico % 536 CACTACE^. 85. Echinocactus pectiniferus, Lem. Cact. Gen. et Sp. Nov. p. 25 ; Bot. Mag. t. 4190. North Mexico, San Luis Potosi (Staines). 86. Echinocactus pfeififeri, Zucc. in Act. Acad. Bavar. 1837, ii. p. 724, t. 5; Pfeiff. Enum. p. 58 ; Pfeiff. & Otto, Abbild. ii. t. 2. Echinocactus mamillarioides, Hook. Echinocactus theiacanthus, Lem. Cact. Gen. &c. p. 86. Echinocactus theionacanthus, Lem. Cact. Nov. fasc. i. p. 20. South Mexico, on rocks near Toliman (Karwinski), near Jicuico, Mestitlan, Toliman, and Zimapan (ex Ehrenberg). Hort. Kew. 87. Echinocactus phyllacanthus, Mart, in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. 1836, p. 201 ; Pfeiff. & Otto, Abbild. i. t. 9. Echinocactus phyllantoides, Lem., ex Labour. Cact. p. 211. South Mexico, near Pachuca, above 6000 feet (Karwinski), Mestitlan (Ehrenberg). 88. Echinocactus pilosUS, Galeotti in Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 148. Echinocactus piliferus, Lem., ex Labour. Cact. p. 186. Mexico? Hort. Kew. 89. Echinocactus platyacanthus, Link & Otto, in Verhandl. des Gartenb.- Vereins fur Preuss. iii. p. 423, t. 14 ; Pfeiff. Enum. p. 59. Mexico (Schiede), near Actopan, Ismiquilpan, Zimapan, Mestitlan, &c. (ex Ehrenberg). 90. Echinocactus platyceras, Lem. Cact. Hort. Monv., ex Labour. Cact. p. 192 ; Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 147. Mexico, Actopan, Zimapan, &c. (ex Ehrenberg). Hort. Kew. Ehrenberg (Linnaea, xix. p. 356) seems to have regarded this and E.Jcariwnskii,~Lem.., as the same as E. platyacanthus. 91. Echinocactus pottsii, Salm Dyck, in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. 1850 ; Scheer, in Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald,' p. 291. North Mexico, Chihuahua (Potts). 92. Echinocactus porrectus, Lem., ex Labour. Cact. p. 262 ; Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 172. Mexico. 93. Echinocactus polycephalus, Engelm. & Bigelow, in Pacif. Railr. Kep., et in Cact. U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 25. California. — North Mexico, Sonora (Schott). 94. Echinocactus pruinosus, Otto, ex Pfeiff. Enum. p. 54. Cereus pruinosus, Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 47. Mexico. CACTACILE. 537 94*. Echinocactus pseudo-cereus, Meinsh. in Koch's Wochenschrift, i. p. 29. Mexico ? 95. Echinocactus recurvus, Link & Otto, in VerhandL des Gartenb.-Vereins fiir Preuss. iii. p. 426, t. 20. Cactus recurvus, Haw. Synops. p. 173. Echinocactus glaums, Karw., ex Pfeiff. Enum. p. 57. South Mexico, received from Oaxaca (Ehrenberg). — Peru. 96. Echinocactus quadrinatus, Wegener in Otto& Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xii. p. 66. North Mexico, received from San Luis Potosi {Ehrenberg). Salm Dyck (Cact. ed. 2, p. 31) reduces this to E. wegeneri. 97. Echinocactus reichenbachii, Terscheck, Suppl. Cact. p. 2 ; Walp. Eep. ii. p. 320. Mexico. 98. Echinocactus rhodophthalmus, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4486. North Mexico, San Luis Potosi (Staines). Var. elliptica, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4634. Mexico. 99. Echinocactus robustus, Pfeiff. Enum. p. 61. South Mexico, Oaxaca, Tehuacan (KarwinsJci). Var. /3. prolifera, Pfeiff. loc. cit. South Mexico (Karwinski) Var. j. monstrosa, Pfeiff. loc. cit. A cultivated variety. 100. Echinocactus scheerii, Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 155. North Mexico, near Chihuahua (Potts). 101. Echinocactus SClerothrix, Lehm. in Linnsea, xiii. Litteraturb. p. 101. Mexico. 101*- Echinocactus setosUS, Linke in Koch's Wochenschrift, i. p. 86. Mexico. 102. Echinocactus Sinuatus, Dietr., ex Engelm. Cact. U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 21, t. 74. figg. 11-14. Texas. — North Mexico (Schott). Hort. Kew. 103. Echinocactus Smithii, Miihlpf. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xiv. p. 370. Mexico. 104. Echinocactus SOlenacanthus, Scheidw. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. ix. p. 50 ; Walp. Rep. ii. p. 319. Mexico, at 5000 to 6000 feet (ex Scheidweiler). biol. cent.-amer., Bot. Vol. 1, August 1880. 3 z 538 CACTACJELE. 105. Echinocactus sphaerocephalus, Muhlpf. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xiv. p. 370. Mexico. 106. Echinocactus spina-christi, Zucc. in Pfeiff. Enum. p. 59. Mexico ? — and Beazil. See note under Melocactus ferox. 107. Echinocactus Spiralis, Karw. in Pfeiff. Enum. p. 60. Echinocactus stellaris et robustus, Karwv ex Pfeiff. loc. cit. Mexico (Karwinski). 108. Echinocactus SUbuliferus, Link et Otto in Verhandl. des Gartenb.-Vereins fur Preuss. iii. p. 427, t. 27. Mexico. 109. Echinocactus SUlphureuS, Dietr. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xiii. p. 170. South Mexico, near Toliman (JEhrenberg). 110. Echinocactus tenuispinuS, Link et Otto in Verhandl. des Gartenb.-Vereins fur Preuss. p. 421. Echinocactus ottonis, Lehm., var. fi, Pfeiff. Enum. p. 48. Mexico 1 111. Echinocactus tetracentrUS, Lem. Cact. Gen. et Sp. Nov. Hort. Monv. p. 31. Mexico. 112. Echinocactus texensis, Hopf. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. 1847, p. 297. Echinocactus lindheimeri, Engelm. PI. Lindh. et Synops. Caet. U. S. &c. p. 20. Echinocactus courantianus, Lem.j ex Labour. Cact. p. 196. Texas. — Noeth-easteen Mexico, Saltillo (ex Engelmann). Hort. Kew. 113. Echinocactus theloides, Salm Dyck in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xviii. p. 395. Mexico. 114. Echinocactus thrincogonus, Lem. Cact. Gen. et Sp. Nov. Hort. Monv. p. 22. Mexico. 115. Echinocactus tribolacanthus, Monv. Cat. 1846, ex Labour. Cact. p. 221. Mexico ? . CACTACE^I. 539 116. Echinocactus tricuspidatus, Scheidw. ex Ehrb. in Linnsea, xix. p. 355. Echinocactus melmsianus, Wegener, in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xii. p. 65. Noeth Mexico, received from San Luis Potosi {Ehrenberg). 117. Echinocactus tuberculatus, Link&Otto,inVerhandl.desGartenb.-Vereins fur Preuss. iii. p. 425, t. 26 ; Pfeiff. Enum. p. 60. Mexico. 118. Echinocactus tubiflorus, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3627. Cereus tubiflorus, Pfeiff. Enum. p. 71. Mexico 1 119. Echinocactus turhiniformis, Pfeiff. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. 1838, p. 275 ; Pfeiff. & Otto, Abbild. ii. t. 3. Mamillaria disciformis, DC. Mamillaria turbinata, Bot. Mag. t. 3984. South Mexico, near San Pedrito and in other places in the warmer Barrancas, on perpendicular cliffs {Ehrenberg). Hort. Kew. 120. Echinocactus uncinatus, Engelm., ex Scheer in Seem. Bot. Voy. < Herald,' p. 290 ; Engelm. Cact. U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 20. Texas. — Noeth Mexico, between Saltillo and San Luis Potosi (Poselger), near Chi- huahua {Potts), near Parras {Gregg). 121. Echinocactus uncinatus, Galeotti, in Pfeiff. & Otto, Abbild. ii. t. 18. Mexico {Galeotti). 122. Echinocactus undulatus, Dietr. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xii. p. 187. Mexico. 123. Echinocactus visnaga, Hook, in 111. Lond. News, 1846 ; Bot .Mag. t. 4559. Noeth Mexico, San Luis Potosi {Staines). 124. Echinocactus vanderseyi, Lem. Cact. aliq. Nov. p. 20; Walp. Rep. ii. p. 316. Mexico. 124*. Echinocactus vargasii, Kegel & Klein, Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 1860, p. 48 Mexico {Karwinski). 125. Echinocactus wegenerii, Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 160. Echinocactus quadrinatus, Weg., ex Salm Dyck, loc. cit. Mexico {Wegener). 126. Echinocactus williamsii, Lem. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xiii. p. 385 ; Bot. Mag. t. 4296. South Mexico, Real del Monte. Hort. Kew. 127. Echinocactus wislizenii, Engelm. Mem. p. 96, ex Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 151. Noeth Mexico, near Donana ( Wislizems), neighbourhood of Chihuahua {Potts). 3z2 540 CACTACEJS. 128. Echinocactus, sp. nov. (" E. horizonthalonio remote aff.," Scheer in Seem. Bot. Voy. 'Herald,' p. 290). North Mexico, Chihuahua (Potts). 129. Echinocactus, sp. nov. ("E. hystriacantho aff.," Scheer in Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald,' p. 290). North Mexico, Chihuahua (Potts). 130. Echinocactus, sp. ("E. Scheeri aff.," Scheer in Seem. Bot. Voy. 'Herald,' p. 290). North Mexico, near Chihuahua (Potts). 6. CEEEUS. Cereus, Haw. Syn. PI. Succ. p. 178 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 849. About 200 species in the warm parts of America, a few occurring in trje West Indies and Galapagos Islands. 1. Cereus acutangulus, Hort. Berol., ex Pfeiff. Enum. p. 107. Mexico. Hort. Kew. 2. Cereus adustus, Engelm. in Wisliz. Eep. et Synops. Cact. U. S. &c. p. 24 ; Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 191. North Mexico, mountains west of Chihuahua near Cosiquiriachi (ex Engelmanri). 3. Cereus anisacanthus, DC. Eev. Cact. p. 116. North Mexico, without locality (Coulter), near Jicuilco, on the Eio Grande, as a tree (JEhrenberg). Hort. Kew. 4. Cereus amcenus, Dietr. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. 1844, p. 187. South Mexico, San Mateo, 7000 feet (Ehrenberg). 5. Cereus baxaniensis, Karw. in Labour. Cact. p. 374 ; Pfeiff. Enum. p. 109. South Mexico, between Cordova and Vera Cruz (Karwinski). Hort. Kew. 6. Cereus benekei, Ehrb. in Bot. Zeit. ii. p. 835. Mexico. 7. Cereus bifrons, Haw. Suppi. p. 76. Mexico. This is reduced by Pfeiffer (Enum. p. 122) and Salm Dyck (Cact. ed. 2, p. 53) to G. coccinea, Salm Dyck ; on what ground does not appear. 8. Cereus brachiatus, Galeotti in Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 195, et Labour. Cact. p. 328. South Mexico, Tehuacan (Galeotti). CACTACE^E. 541 9. Cereus CSBSpitOSUS, Engelm. in Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist, v., et Cact. U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 32, t. 33, 34. From the Canadian river, near Delaware Mount, southward to — North Mexico, Monterey, Saltillo {Gregg). a. minor, Engelm. Synops. Cact. U. S. &c. p. 24. /3. major, Engelm. loc. cit. 7. CastaneUS, Engelm. loc. cit. 10. Cereus callicoche, Scheidw. in Bull. Acad. Brux. vi. p. 3 ; Walp. Kep. ii. p. 338. South Mexico, near Moran (ex Scheidweiler). 11. Cereus calvescens, DC. Rev. Cact. p. 116. Mexico {Coulter). 12. Cereus (Pilocereus) chrysomallus, Lem. in Labour. Cact. p. 276. Mexico 1 13. Cereus cinerascens, DC. Rev. Cact. p. 116. Cereus deppei, Hort. South Mexico, Zimapan and Ismiquilpan {Ehrenberg), mountains above Guadalupe {Bourgeau, 303). Hort. Kew. 0. crassior, DC. loc. cit. Cereus aciniformis, Hort. Berol. Mexico, without locality {Coulter), near Pachuca, at the foot of Cerro Ventoso &c. {Ehrenberg). y. tenuior, DC. loc. cit. Mexico, without locality {Coulter). 14. Cereus Cirrhiferus, Labour. Cact. p. 311. Mexico. 14*. Cereus claviformis, Regel & Klein, Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 1860, p. 46. Mexico {KarwinsJci). 15. Cereus COCCineuS, Salm Dyck in Pfeiff. Enum. p. 122 ; Pfeiff. & Otto, Abbild. i. t. 15, nee DC. Prodr. iii. p. 469. Cereus bifrons, Haw. Suppl. p. 76 ? Mexico. Hort. Kew. 16. Cereus COnformis, Hort. Berol. ex Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 203. Mexico {Ehrenberg). 17. Cereus columna-trajani, Karw. ; Pfeiff. Enum. p. 76. Pilocereus columna, Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 184. Mexico, near San Sebastian {KarwinsJci). 542 CAUIACEM. 18. Cereus COnicuS, Hort. Berol., ex Pfeiff. Enum. p. 97. Mexico. 19. Cereus Ctenoides, Eugelm. Cact. U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 31, t. 42. Noeth Mexico, Eagle Pass to Santa Kosa Coahuila (Bigelow). 20. Cereus dichroacanthus, Mart., ex Pfeiff. Enum. p. 76. Mexico. 21. Cereus dubius, Engelm. Cact. U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 36, t. 50. Texas ; New Mexico. — Noeth Mexico, valley of the Bio Grande ( Wright, Bigelow, Parry). 22. Cereus dyckii, Mart, in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. 1836, p. 258 ; Pfeiff. Enum. p 87. South Mexico, near Zimapan. Hort. Kew. 23. Cereus ehrenbergii, Pfeiff. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. 1840, p. 282 ; Labour. Cact. p. 313. Mexico. 24. Cereus enneacanthus, Engelm. Synops. Cact. U. S. &c. p. 26, et Cact. U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 34, t. 48. figg. 2-4, et t. 49. New Mexico — and far into Mexico proper (ex Engelmanri). 25. Cereus emoryi, Engelm. in Sill. Journ. et Cact. U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 40, t. 60. figg. 1-4. Califoenia. — Noeth Mexico, " not north of the boundary line " (Le Conte). 26. Cereus engelmanni, Parry in Sill. Journ. 1852; Engelm, Cact U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 36, t. 57. Califoenia. — Noeth Mexico, common in the Gila valley (Schott). Hort Kew. 27. Cereus erectus, Karw. in Pfeiff. Enum. p. 95. South Mexico, near Zimapan (KariwinsM). 28. Cereus euphorbioides, Haw. Suppl. p. 75 ; Pfeiff. Enum. p. 92. Mexico &c. Hort. Kew. 29. Cereus fendleri, Engelm. PI. Fendl. et Cact. U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 33. Texas ; New Mexico. — Noeth Mexico, El Paso to the Gila river &c. (Bigelow &a). 30. Cereus flagelliformis, Haw. Syn. PI. p. 185 ; Bot. Mag. t. 17. Cactus flagelliformis, Linn. DC. PI. Gras. 1. 127. Aporocactus flagelliformis, Lem. Widely dispersed in Teopical Ameeica, and extending to — Mexico % "Frequently seen as an ornamental plant. At Guachinango and San Bartolo, on CACTACE^. 543 the Rio Grande, this or a very similar species grows on trees and cliffs." (Ehrenberg). Hart. Kew. 31. CereilS flagriformis, Zucc, ex Pfeiff. Enum. p. Ill ; Pfeiff & Otto, Abbild. i. t. 12. Mexico, near San Jose del Oro (KarwinsM). 32. Cereus flavescens, Otto in Pfeiff. Enum. p. 79 ; Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 43. Mexico ■? 33. CereilS gemmatus, Zucc, ex Pfeiff. Enum. p. 96. South Mexico, near San Jose del Oro, on rocks in the cold regions of the valley of Mexico, between the capital and Pachuca (Ehrenberg). Hort. Kew. 34. Cereus geometrizans, Mart, ex Pfeiff. Enum. p. 90. South Mexico, temperate regions near Zimapan, Mestitlan, Ismiquilpan, &c. (Ehren- berg). Hort. Kew. 0. pugionifems, Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 48. Cereus pugioniferus, Lem. Cact. aliq. Nov. Hort. Monv. p. 30. South Mexico, Mestitlan, Ismiquilpan, Zimapan, &c. (ex Ehrenberg). 35. Cereus giganteus, Engelm. in Emory's Rep. 1848, et Cact. U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 42, t. 61, 62, et tab. front. New Mexico. — Noeth Mexico, in Sonora to lat. 30° (Thurber, Schott), and along the Gila valley (Emory, Parry), also south to lat. 28°, near Guaymas (ex Englemann & Bigelow). Hort. Kew. 36. Cereus gladiator, Dietr. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. vi. p. 34 ; Walp. Rep. ii. p. 340. Cereus pugioniferus, Lem. Cact. aliq. Nov. Hort. Monv. p. 30. South Mexico, Mestitlan, Ismiquilpan, Zimapan, and many other places (Ehrenberg). Salm Dyck (Cact. ed. 2, p. 48) makes C. pugioniferus a variety of C. geometrizans. 37. Cereus greggii, Engelm.inWisliz.Rep.etCact.U.S.&Mex.Bound.Surv.p.40. a. tismontanUS, Engelm. loc. cit. t. 63, 64. /3. transmontanus, Engelm. loc. cit. t. 65. Texas. — Noeth Mexico, Sonora (Schott, Thurber), Chihuahua (Gregg). Hort. Kew. 38. CereUS leeanus, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4417. Mexico. 39. CereUS leptophis, DC. Rev. Cact. p. 117, et Mem. t. 12. Mexico, without locality (Coulter). Hort. Kew. 40. CereUS longisetUS, Engelm. Cact. U.S. et Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 32, t. 45, et Synop. Cact. U. S. &c. p. 24. North Mexico, Santa Rosa, Coahuila (Bigelow). 544 CACTACTLE. v 41. Cereus macdonaldiae, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4707. Honduras {Mrs. Macdonald). Hort. Kew. 42. Cerens ? micracanthus, DC. Eev. Cact. p. 115. Mexico, without locality {Coulter). 43. Cereus marginatus, DC. Eev. Cact. p. 116 South Mexico, without locality {Coulter), Mestitlan &c, frequently used for hedges {EJirenberg). Hort. Kew. 44. Cereus martianus, Zucc. in Mora, ii. 1832, Beibl. p. 66 ; Pfeiff. Enum. p. 110 ; Bot. Mag. t. 3768. South Mexico, Zimapan, San Jose del Oro. Hort. Kew. 45. Cereus napoleonis, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3458. Cereus triangularis, var. /8. major, Pfeiff:. Enum. p. 117. Cereus undatus, Haw. Phil. Mag. 1830, p. 109. Mexico % Hort. Kew. 46. Cereus nycticalus, Link in Verhandl. des Gartenb.-Vereins fur Preuss. x. p. 373, t. 4 ; Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 216. Cereus pterandra, Link, ex Pfeiff. Enum. p. 113. Mexico. Hort. Kew. 47. Cereus pectiliatus, Engelm. Synop. Cact. U. S. &c. p. 23. Echinocactus pectinatus, Scheidw. in Bull. Acad. Brux. vi. p. 3. Echinocactus pectiniferus, Lem. Cact. Gen. Nov. p. 25. Echinopsis pectinata, Eennel in Otto & Dietr. AUg. Gartz. 1843, p. 282 ; Pfeiff. & Otto, Abbild. ii. t. 10. North Mexico, Chihuahua, Sonora {Schott), received from San Luis Potosi (ex Ehrenberg). Var. % (3. armata, Poselg. ex Engelm. loc. cit. North Mexico, Monterey (ex Engelmann). Var. % j. rigidissima, Engelm. loc. cit. Noeth Mexico (ex Engelmann). Scheer, in Seemann's ' Botany of the Voyage of the " Herald," ' partially describes six forms near C. pectinatus, n. 280-285 inclusive. 48. Cereus pentalophus, DC. Rev. Cact. p. 117. South Mexico, Puente de Dios, and in the Barrancas of Mestitlan and Zimapan, on chalk cliffs {Ehrenberg). Hort. Kew. Pfeiffer (Enum. p. 101) includes C. propinquus and C. leptacanthus under this. 49. Cereus prOCUmbenS, Engelm. in Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist, vi p. 203. Texas. — North Mexico, below Matamoras (ex Engelmann). CACTACE.E. 545 50. Cereus polyacanthus, Engelm. in Bot. Wisliz. Exp. p. 20, sub Echinocereo. Texas. — Nobth Mexico, common about El Paso and thence to the mountains of Chihuahua (Bigelow, Wislizenus, &c). 51. Cereus polylophus, DC. Eev. Cact. p. 115. Pilocereus polylophus, Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 184. South Mexico, without locality (Coulter), Mestitlan, Zimapan, Las Ajuntas, and on the Zopata at Tlacolula (Ehrenberg). 52. Cereus pottsii, Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 208. North Mexico, Chihuahua (Potts). 53. Cereus pterogonus, Lem. Cact. Gen. et Sp. Nov. Hort. Monv. p. 59. Mexico. Hort. Kew. 54. Cereus pulchellus, Pfeiff. Enum. p. 74. Echinocactus pulchellus, Mart, in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. xvi. pt. 1, p. 342, t. 23. fig. 2. South Mexico, plains of Pachuca, 7500 feet (Ehrenberg, Karwinski). 55. CereUS quadrangulispinus, Lem., ex Ehrenb. in Linnsea, xix. p. 363. South Mexico, Mestitlan, Ismiquilpan, Zimapan, &c. (Ehrenberg). 56. CereUS raillOSUS, Karw. in Pfeiff. Enum. p. 108. Mexico. 57. CereUS reductus, DC. Prodr. iii. p. 463 ; Bot. Mag. t. 4443. Cactus nobilis, Haw. Synops. p. 174. Gymnocalycium reductum, Pfeiff. in Pfeiff. & Otto Abbild. ii. t. 12. Mexico; Guatemala. 58. CereUS rigidispinUS, Miihlpf. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. xvi. p. 12; Walp. Ann. ii. p. 684. Mexico ] 59. CereUS rigidispillUS, Lem. Hort. Univ. 1840, p. 223, t. 1. Mexico. 60. Cereus rostratus, Lem. Cact. Aliq. Nov. p. 40. Cereus hmmatus, Scheidw.? Walp. Rep. ii. p. 339. Mexico. Hort. Kew. 61. CereUS rufispinus, Engelm. Mem. Tour in N. Mex. p. 104, ex Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 193. Nokth Mexico, mountains west of Chihuahua (ex Engelmanri). 62. Cereus (Echinocereus) salm-dyckianus, Scheer in Seem. Bot. Voy. < Herald,' p. 291. Nokth Mexico, near Chihuahua (Potts). Hort. Kew. biol. cent.-amer., Bot. Vol. 1, August 1880. 4 a 546 CACTACELE. 63. Cereus scheerii, Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 190. North Mexico, Chihuahua (Potts). 64. Cereus SChottii, Engelm. Cact. U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 44, t. 74. fig. 16. Noeth Mexico, Sonora, towards Santa Magdalena (Schott). 65. Cereus SClirailkii, Zucc. in Pfeiff. Enum. p. 122 ; Pfeiff. & Otto, Abbild. i. t. 27. Cereus formosus, Monv. Cat. 1834. South Mexico, Zimapan, Sultepec (Karwinski). 66. Cereus senilis, Salm Dyck in DC. Prodr. iii. p. 464. Pilocereus senilis, Lem. Cact. Gen. et Sp. Nov. Hort. Monv. p. 6 ; Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 186. Cactus senilis, Haw. in Phil. Mag. lxiii. p. 41. Cactus bradypus, Lehm. Ind. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 1826, p. 17; Act. Nov. Nat. Car. xvi. pt. 1, 1. 12. South Mexico, in the Barranca of Regla near San Sebastian, and in the great Barranca of the Bio Grande near Mestitlan (Ehrenberg) ; Guatemala. Hort. Kew. 67. Cereus serpentinus, Lagasc. in Ann. Sc. Nat. 1801, p. 261; Bot. Mag. t. 3566. South Mexico, used for forming hedges about Eegla (Ehrenberg). Hort. Kew. 67*. Cereus (EchillOCereus) Similis, Kegel & Klein, Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 1860, p. 29. Mexico (Karwinski). 68. Cereus spachianus, Lem. Hort. Univ. i. p. 225. Mexico. Hort. Kew. 69. Cereus speciosissimUS, Desf. in Mem. Mus. iii. p. 190, t. 9 ; Bot. Reg. t. 486. Cereus speciosissimus (3. lateritius, Bot. Reg. t. 1596. Mexico ; Guatemala. Hort. Kew. 70. Cereus spinulosus, DC. Rev. Cact. p. 117. Mexico (Coulter). 71. Cereus Stellatus, Pfeiff. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartz. 1836, p. 258. Mexico. 72. Cereus Stramineus, Engelm. Cact. U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 35, t. 46, 47, et 48. fig. 1. Texas ; New Mexico. — North Mexico, El Paso to the Gila river (Bigelow &c). Hort. Kew. 73. Cereus (Echinocereus) SUbinermis, Salm Dyck, ex Scheer in Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald,' p. 291. North Mexico, Chihuahua (Potts). 74. Cereus SUperbus, Ehrb. in Bot. Zeit. iv. p. 324. Mexico. CACTACE^!. „ 547 75. Cereus thurberi, Engelm. in Sillim. Jourh. 1854, et Cact. U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 44, t. 74. fig. 15. North Mexico, Sonora, west of the Sierra Madre (Thurber), more common south- ward (Schott). 76. Cereus triangularis, Haw. Synop. p. 180 ; Bot. Reg. t. 1807 ; Bot. Mag. t. 1834. * "West Indies.— South Mexico, region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 2488). Hort. Kew. 77. Cereus tuberOSUS, Poselger in Engelm. Synop. p. 30. North Mexico. 78. Cereus variabilis, Pfeiff. Enum. p. 105 ; Pfeiff. & Otto, Abbild. ii. t. 15. Cereus pitajaya, DC. Prodr. iii. p. 466; Bot. Mag. t. 4084. Cereus undulosus, DC. Rev. Cact. p. 46. Texas.— North Mexico, on the Lower Eio Grande (Engelmann) ; Panama, common on the sea-shore (Seemann). Hort. Kew. 79. Cereus virens, DC. Eev. Cact. p. 116. Cereus tilophorus, Pfeiff., ex Labour. Cact. p. 359. Cereus exerens, Link, ex Pfeiff. Enum. p. 99. Mexico; Brazil. Scheer, in Seemann's ' Botany of the Voyage of the " Herald," ' p. 292, describes six unnamed forms under Echinocereus, collected by Potts in Chihuahua, North Mexico, nos. 273-278 inclusive. 7. PHYLLOCACTUS. Phyllocactus, Link, Handb. iii. p. 11 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 849. About fifteen species, dispersed from Mexico to Brazil. 1. Phyllocactus ackermanni, Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 55. Epiphyllum ackermanni, Haw. in Phil. Mag. 1829; Bot. Eeg. t. 1331. Cereus ackermanni, Pfeiff. Enum. p. 123 ; Bot. Mag. t. 3598. Mexico, " only seen in cultivation " (Ehrenberg), % Izhuatlancillo (Bourgeau,^ 2523). Hort. Kew. 2. Phyllocactus auguliger, Lem. Jard. Fl. 1851 ; Bot. Mag. t. 5100.; Lindley & Paxton, Fl. Gard. t. 34. South Mexico, near Matanejo. Hort. Kew. 3. Phyllocactus biformis, Lab. Monogr. Cact. p. 418 ; Bot. Mag, t. 6156. Disocactus biformis, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1845, t. 9. Disisocactus biformis, Salm Dyck>Cact..ed..2,;p. 57. Honduras (Skinner)* 4«2 548 CACIACEM. * 4. Phyllocactns CrenatUS, Walp. Eep. v. p. 820 ; Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 224. Cereus crenatus, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1844, t. 31. Honduras (Shinner). Hort. Kew. 5. Phyllocactus grandlS, Lem. Flore des Serres, iii. p. 255 a ; Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 224 ; Labour. Cact. p. 415. Mexico, region of Orizaba {Bourgeau, 2487) ; Honduras (ex Labouret). Hort. Kew. 6. Phyllocactus latifrons, Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 55. Cereus latifrons, Zucc. in Act. Acad. Bav. ii. p. 735 ; Pfeiff. & Otto, Abbild. i. t. 10. fig. 2 ; Bot. Mag. t. 3813. Cereus oxypetalus, DC. Rev. Cact. t. 14? Mexico, between Cordova and Vera Cruz (Karwinshi) ; Guatemala. Hort. Kew. 7. Phyllocactus phyllanthus, Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 56. Cereus phyllanthus, DC. Prodr. iii. p. 469; Otto & Pfeiff. Abbild. i. t. 10. fig. 1. Cactus phyllanthus, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 670; DC. PI. Grass. 1. 145, nee Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2692. Panama, in forests on the trunks of trees (Seemann). — This appears to be widely dispersed in the West Indies and Eastern South Ameeica. 8. Phyllocactus phyllanthoid.es, Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 55. Cactus phyllanthoides, DC. Hort. Monsp. p. 84 ; Bot. Mag. t. 2092. Cereus phyllanthoides, DC. Prodr. iii. p. 469. Cactus speciosus, Desf. Tabl. 191 ; Bonpl. PI. Hort. Malm, et Nav. p. 8, t. 3 ; Bot. Reg. t. 304. South Mexico, near Tlacolula &c, growing on the trunks of trees amongst orchids. Hort. Kew. 9. Phyllocactus serratUS, Brongn., ex Labour. Cact. p. 417. Mexico. Tribe OPUNTIEiE. 8. RHIPSALIS. Rhipsalis, Gzertii. Fruct. i. p. 137, t. 28. fig. 1 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 850. About thirty species, spread over Tropical America, and one (or two) extending to tropical Africa and Asia. 1. Rhipsalis cassytha, Gtertn. Fruct. i. p. 137, t. 28. fig. 1 ; Pfeiff. Enum. 133. Cereus baccifera, Bot. Mag. t. 3080. South Mexico, valley of Cordova, growing on Inga vera (JBourgeau, 1873), Vera Cruz to Orizaba (Muller, 1470), Zacualtipan (Berlandier, 449). — Widely dispersed in the West Indies and South America ; also in Tropical Africa and Asia. Hort. Kew. Var. mocjiniana, DC. Rev. Cact. t. 21. Mexico (Mocino & SessS). CACTACILE. 549 2. RhipsallS COriacea, Polakowsky in Linnsea, xli. p. 562. Costa Rica, on trees near Cartago (Polakowsky). 3. Rhipsalis saglionis, Lem. Cact. aliq. Nov. p. 39. Rhipsalis brachiata, Bot. Mag. t. 4039. Mexico ] ; Beazil, according to Haworth. Hort. Kew. 4. Rhipsalis, sp. Nicaragua, Chontales (Seemann, 48). Hb. Kew. 9. NOPALEA. Nopalea, Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 63 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 850. Three species, inhabiting the West Indies, South America, and Mexico. One species is now widely dispersed in the Old World. 1. Nopalea coccinellifera, Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 64. Cactus cochinellifer, Linn. Sp. PL p. 670 ; Andrews's Rep. t. 533 ; Bot. Mag. t. 2741, 2742. Opuntia coccinellifera, Mill., ex Pfeiff. Enum. p. 150 ; Pfeiff. & Otto, Abbild. i. t. 24. Mexico ; Central America. — Jamaica. Hort. Kew. 10. OPUNTIA. Opuntia, Mill. Diet. ed. 6 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 851. This genus has nearly the whole range of the order. About 150 species have been described. One or more species are now naturalized in some parts of the Old World. 1. Opuntia albicans, Salm Dyck, Hort. Dyck. p. 361. Opuntia prate, Sabin, ex Pfeiff. Enum. p. 155. Mexico. Hort. Kew. 2. Opuntia amyclaea, Tenore, Fl. Neap. App. 5, Sylloge, p. 240 ; Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 240, et in Pfeiff. Enum. p. 159. Mexico (Karwinski). Hort. Kew. 2*. Opuntia angUSta, Meinsh. in Koch's Wochenschriffc, i. p. 30. Mexico (Karwinski). 3. Opuntia arborescens, Engelm. in Bot. Wisliz. Pep. et Cact. U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 58, t. 75. figg. 16, 17. Opuntia exuviata stellata, Lem., ex Labour. Cact. p. 492. Opuntia stellata, Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 73. Platte and Arkansas rivers southward.— North Mexico, Chihuahua. 4. Opuntia arbuscula, Engelm. Cact. U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 60. North Mexico, on the Gila (Schott). 5. Opuntia arenaria, Engelm. Cact. U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 52, t. 75. fig. 15. North Mexico, valley of the Eio Grande {Wright). 550 cactagrm. 6. Opuntia basilaris, Engelm. et Bigel. Pacif. Eailr. Kep., Cact. p. 43, t. 13. figg. 1-5, et Cact. U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 52. Califobioa. — North Mexico, valley of the Gila (Schott). Hort. Kew. 7. Opuntia bulbispina, Engelm. Cact. U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 55, t. 73. figg. 5, 6. North Mexico, near Perros Bravos, north of Saltillo (Gregg). 8. Opuntia candelabrifbrmis, Hort. Monac., ex Pfeiff. Enum. p. 159. Mexico. Hort. Kew. 9. Opuntia clavarioides, Otto in Pfeiff. Enum. p. 173. Mexico. 10. Opuntia crassa, Haw. Suppl. p. 81 ; Pfeiff. Enum. p. 153. Opuntia parvula, Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, pp. 69, 243. Mexico. Hort. Kew. 11. Opuntia decipiens, DC. Eev. Cact. p. 118. Mexico (Coulter). 12. Opuntia decumbens, Salm Dyck, Hort. Dyck. p. 361 ; Bot. Mag. t. 3914. Opuntia repens, Karw., et 0. irrorata, Mart., sec. Pfeiff. Enum. p. 154. Mexico. 13. Opuntia echinocarpa, Engelm. et Bigel. in Pacif. Eailr. Eep. et Cact. U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 56. /3. major, Engelm. loc. cit. Colorado. — North Mexico, Sonora (Schott). Hort. Kew. 14. Opuntia emoryi, Engelm. Cact. U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 53, tt. 70, 71, et Synop. Cact. U. S. &c. p. 47. Texas; Colorado.— North Mexico, between the sand hills and Lake Santa Maria (Wright, Bigelow), Sonora (Wright). 15. Opuntia engelmannii, Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 235 ; Scheer in Seem. Bot. Voy. ' Herald,' p. 293 ; Engelm. Cact. U.S. & Mex. Bound. Suxv. p. 47, t. 75. figg. 1-4. Texas.— North Mexico, Chihuahua (Wislizenus, Potts). Hort. Kew. 16. Opuntia exuviata, DC. Eev. Cact. p. 118. Mexico, without locality (Coulter). /3. angustior, DC. loc. cit. Mexico (Coulter). y. spinosior, DC. loc. cit. Mexico (Coulter). CACTACE,E. 551 17. Opimtia ferox, Haw. Suppl. p. 82 ; Pfeiff. Enum. p. 167. Mexico % Hort. Kew. 18. Opuntia ficus-indica, Mill. Diet. ed. 6 ; Pfeiff. Enum. p. 152 ; Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 235. Opuntia vulgaris, Tenore, Syll. Fl. Neap. p. 239, ex Pfeiff. loc. cit. Mexico, cultivated south of the Rio Grande (Engelmann). Hort. Kew. 19. Opuntia filipendula, Engelm. Cact. U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 51, t. 68. Texas. — Noeth Mexico, along the Rio Grande (Wright). 20. Opuntia frute&Cens, Engelm. PI. Lindh. 1845 ; Synop. Cact. U. S. &c. p. 53 . a. longispina, Engelm. loc. cit. (3. brevispina, Engelm. loc. cit. Texas ; Califoenia. — Noeth Mexico, Matamoras and Saltillo westward to Sonora (ex JEngelmann), Chihuahua (Potts), Monterey (Plotz). Hort. Kew. 21. Opuntia Mgida, Engelm. Cact. U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 57, t. 75. fig. 18. Noeth Mexico, throughout all the sierras in Western Sonora (ex Engelmann). 22. Opuntia glaucescens, Hort. Berol., ex Pfeiff. Enum. p. 155. Mexico. 23. Opuntia glaucophylla, Wendl. Cat. Hort. Herrenh. 1835 ; Pfeiff. Enum. p. 162. Mexico. Hort. Kew. 24. Opuntia grandis, Hort. Angl., ex Pfeiff. Enum. p. 155. Mexico. Hort. Kew. 25. Opuntia gracilis, Hort. Monac, ex Pfeiff. Enum. p. 172. Mexico. 26. Opuntia grahami, Engelm. Cact. U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 55, t. 72. Noeth Mexico, along the Bio Grande (Wright, Bigelow). 27. Opuntia hernandezii, DC. Rev. Cact. p. 69, t. 16, et Prodr. iii. p. 474. Nopal sylvestre, Thierry-Menonv. Voy. Guax. ii. p. 277, cum icone. South Mexico, temperate regions in the State of Oaxaca. 28. Opuntia imbricata, DC. Prodr. iii. p. 471. Cereus imbricatus, Haw. Synop. p. 183. Opuntia cristata, Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 73. Opuntia eocuviata, Salm Dyck, loc. cit. Noeth Mexico, near Chihuahua (Potts) ; South Mexico, Zacualco (Bourgeau, 264). Hort. Kew. 552 cactace^:. 29. Opuntia karwinsMana, Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 239. Mexico (Karwinski). Hort. Kew. 30. Opuntia kleiniae, DC. Kev. Cact. p. 118. South Mexico, without locality {Coulter), common at Ismiquilpan and Zimapan, and at Las Ajuntas, on the Montezuma river (Ehrenberg). Hort. Kew. 31. Opuntia leptocaulis, DC. Kev. Cact. p. 118 ; Pfeiff. Enum. p. 173 ; Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 250. North Mexico, Chihuahua (Potts) ; South Mexico, without locality (Coulter), com- mon about Ismiquilpan, Zimapan, Las Ajuntas, &c. (Ehrenberg). Hort. Kew. 32. Opuntia leucacantha, Hort. Berol., ex Pfeiff. Enum. p. 167. Mexico. 33. Opuntia leucosticta, Wendl. Cat. Hort. Herrenh. 1835; Pfeiff. Enum. p. 167. Mexico. 34. Opuntia leucotricha, DC. Rev. Cact. p. 119 ; Pfeiff. Enum. p. 156. Mexico, without locality (Coulter). Hort. Kew. 35. Opuntia macrocentra, Engelm. Cact. U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 49, t. 75. fig. 8. Texas. — North Mexico, along the Eio Grande (Wright). 36. Opuntia mamillata, Schott in Engelm. Cact. U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 58, t. 75. fig. 19. North Mexico, Sonora, on the Sierra Babuquibari (Schott). 37. Opuntia megacantha, Salm Dyck, Hort. Dyck. p. 363; Pfeiff. Enum. p. 160. Mexico. 38. Opuntia microdasys, Lehm. Ind. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 1827 ; Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. xvi. pars 1, p. 317 ; Pfeiff. Enum. p. 154; Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 241. South Mexico, Ismiquilpan, Zimapan, and Las Ajuntas (Ehrenberg). Hort. Kew. 0. minor, Salm Dyck, Hort. Dyck. p. 186. Opuntia pulvinat a, DC. Rev. Cact. p. 119. South Mexico, without locality (Coulter). 39. Opuntia Oblongata, Wendl. Cat. Hort. Herrenh. 1835 ; Pfeiff. Enum. p. 161. Mexico. 40. Opuntia phaeacantha, Engelm. PI. Fendl. et Cact. U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 49, t. 75. figg. 9-13. a. nigricans, Engelm. loc. cit. p. 50. CACTACE.E. 553 |3. bmilliea, Engelm. loc. cit. p. 50. Texas. — North Mexico, along the valley of the Rio Grande (Wright). 41. Opuntia pottsii, Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 236. North Mexico, Chihuahua (Potts). 42. Opuntia pseudo-tuna, Salm Dyck, Obs. Bot. p. 7 ; Pfeiff. Enum. p. 162. Mexico ? 43. Opuntia pubescens, Wendl. Cat. Hort. Herrenh. 1835 ; Pfeiff. Enum. p. 149. Mexico. 44. Opuntia puberula, Hort. Vindob., ex Pfeiff. Enum. p. 156. Mexico. 45. Opuntia ramulifera, Salm Dyck, Hort. Dyck. p. 330 ; Pfeiff. Enum. p. 173. Mexico. 46. Opuntia robusta, Wendl. Cat. Hort. Herrenh. 1835 ; Pfeiff. Enum. p. 165, Opuntia flavicans, Lem., ex Labour. Cact. p. 463. Mexico. Hort. Kew. 47. Opuntia rosea, DC. Eev. Cact. p. 66, t. 15 ; Pfeiff. Enum. p. 171, Mexico (Mopino & SessS). 48. Opuntia rufida, Engelm. Cact. U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 51. North Mexico, common about Presidio del Norte (Bigelow), and in the lower valley of the Nazas, South-eastern Chihuahua (Gregg). 49. Opuntia SChottii, Engelm. Cact. U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 54, t. 73. figg. 1-4. Texas. — North Mexico, near San Luis Potosi (Gregg). 50. Opuntia setispina, Engelm. in Salm Dyck's Cact. ed. 2, p. 239. North Mexico, pine-woods in the mountains of Chihuahua (Wislizenus). 51. Opuntia spinulifera, Salm Dyck, Hort. Dyck. p. 364; Pfeiff. Enum. p. 157. Opuntia oligacantha, Hort. Vindob., ex Pfeiff. loc. cit. Mexico. 52. Opuntia stapeliae, DC. Eev. Cact. p. 117. Mexico, without locality (Coulter). 53. Opuntia Stenopetala, Engelm. Cact.U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 46, t. 66. North Mexico, on the battle-field of Buena Vista, south of Saltillo (Gregg). 54. Opuntia Streptacantha, Lem. Cact. Gen. et Sp. Nov. Hort. Monv. p. 62. Mexico % Hort. Kew. biol. cent.-amer., Bot. Vol. 1, August 1880. 4 b 554 cactace^:. 55. Opuntia tenuispina, Engelm. Cact. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 50, t. 75. fig. 14. North Mexico, along the Eio Grande ( Wright). 56. Opuntia tessellata, Engelm. in Pacif. Railr. Rep., Cact. p. 52, t. 21. figg. 1-7, et Cact. U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 60. Opuntia ramosissima, Engelm. in Sill. Journ. 1852. California. — North Mexico, Sierra Madre, south of the Gila (Schott). 57. Opuntia thurberi, Engelm. Cact. U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 59. North Mexico, near Bacuachi, Sonora (Thurber). 58. Opuntia tomentosa, Salm Dyck, Obs. Bot. p. 8 ; Pfeiff. Enum. p. 160. Cactus tomentosus, Link, Enum. ii. p. 24. Mexico. Hort. Kew. 59. Opuntia tuna, Mill. Diet. ed. 8 ; Pfeiff. Enum. p. 161. Opuntia coccinellifera, DC. PI. Grass, t. 137. Cactus bonplandii, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 69. Mexico. — Colombia; Peru. 60. Opuntia tunicata, Lehm. in. Act. Nov. Nat. Cur. xvi. pt. 1, p. 319; Pfeiff. Enum. p. 170. Opuntia furiosa, Wendl. Cat. Hort. Herrenh. 1835. North Mexico, Chihuahua (Potts), Sierra Babuquibari, Sonora; South Mexico, Pefion de los Banos, valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 304). Hort. Kew. Ehrenberg distinguishes two species, and states that they cover large expanses of the uplands of Mexico. 61. Opuntia vulgaris, Mill. Diet. ed. 8 ; Pfeiff. Enum. p. 149. Cactus opuntia, Linn. Sp. PL p. 669 ; Bot. Mag. t. 2393. Mexico. Hort. Kew. 62. Opuntia wrightii, Engelm. Cact. U.S. et Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 59. Texas. — North Mexico, southward in Mexico (Gregg), mountains of Sonora (Wright). 63. Opuntia whipplei, Engelm. et Bigel. in Pacif. Railr. Rep. Cact. p. 50, 1. 17. figg. 1-6, 1. 18. fig. 4 ; et Engelm. Cact. U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 57. Var. spinosior, Engelm. loc. cit. North Mexico, from the Gila south to the Santa Cruz river and Tucson and further east (Schott). 64. Opuntia vaginata, Engelm. & Bigel. Pacif. Railr. Rep. Cact. p. 52, t. 20. fig. 1, t. 24. figg. 13-15. New Mexico. — North Mexico, about San Luis Potosi (Gregg). CACTACE-E. .555 11. PERESKIA. Pereskia, Mill. Diet. ed. 6; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 851. About a dozen species in Tropical America and the West Indies. 1. Pereskia bleo, DC. Prodr. iii. p. 475 ; Bot. Eeg. 1. 1473 ; Bot. Mag. t. 3478 ; Pfeiff. & Otto, Abbild. i. t. 30. Cactus bleo, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 69. Mexico (ex Pfeiffer & Otto) ; Panama, shady woods, Hacienda de Juan Lanas Cupica and Puerto Pinas (Seemann). — Colombia. Hort. Kew. 2. Pereskia Calandrinisefolia, Hort. Berol., ex Forst. Handb. Cact. p. 511 ; Salm Dyck, Cact. ed. 2, p. 252. Pereskia pititache, Karw., ex Labour. Cact. p. 503. Mexico. 3. Pereskia lychnidiflora, DC. Rev. Cact. p. 75, t. 18; Pfeiff. Enum. p. 177. Mexico (Mogino & Sesse). 4. Pereskia OpuntiSBflora, DC. Rev. Cact. p. 76, 1. 19 ; Pfeiff. Enum. p. 178. Mexico (Mopino & SessS). 5. Pereskia pititache, Karw., ex Pfeiff. Enum. p. 176. Mexico. 6. Pereskia rotimdifolia, DC. Rev. Cact. p. 77, t. 20 ; Pfeiff. Enum. p. 178. Mexico (Mopino & SessS). 7. Pereskia spathulata, Hort. Berol., ex Pfeiff. Enum. p. 176. Mexico. Hort. Kew. 8. Pereskia zinniseflora, DC. Rev. Cact. p. 75, 1. 17 ; Pfeiff. Enum. p 177. Mexico (Mopino & SessS). Order LXVI. FICOIDE^L Mcoideas, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 851. Annual or perennial herbs or undershrubs. About 450 species, belonging to twenty- two genera. They are generally dispersed in tropical and subtropical regions ; and a very few grow in cold countries. Upwards of 350 species are restricted to South Africa, 300 of them belonging to the genus Mesemhryanthemum. 4*2 556 YICOJBBM. Tribe AIZOIDE.E. 1. SESUVIUM. Sesuvium, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 624; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 855. About four herbaceous or slightly woody species, widely diffused on tropical sea- shores. 1. Sesuvium portulacastrum, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 446 ; Jacq. Amer. t. 95. North Mexico, South Mexico, Nicaragua. — Common on the sea-shores within the Tropics. Hb. Kew. 2. TEIANTHEMA. Trianthema, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 537 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 855. About twelve herbaceous and half-shrubby species, widely spread in warm countries. 1. Trianthema mOUOgyna, Linn. Mant. p. 69 ; DC. PL Grass, t. 109. North Mexico. — Widely dispersed in the Tropics. Hb. Kew. Tribe MOLLUGINE^B. 3. MOLLUGO. Mollvgo, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 106; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 857. About twelve slender herbaceous species, generally diffused in warm countries. 1. Mollugo arenaria, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 21. South Mexico, Tepic (Lay). — North parts of South America. Hb. Kew. 2. MollugO glillUS, A. Eich. Fl. Abyss, i. p. 48. Glinus lotoides, Lcefl. ; Gsertn. Pruct. t. 130. Mollvgo glinoides, Camb. ; St.-Hil. PI. Bras. t. 109. North Mexico, Sonora Alta (Coulter, 1366) ; South Mexico, near Tantoyuca (Ervend- berg). — Widely dispersed in tropical and subtropical regions, both in America and in the Old World. Hb. Kew. 3. MollugO SChranMi, Ser. in DC. Prodr, i. p. 391. Molluffo dichotoma, Schrank, PI. Ear. Hort. Monac. t. 64. South Mexico, Acapulco (Hcenke). 4. MollugO verticillata, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 131; A. Gr. Gen. Am. Bor.-or. t. 101. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 283); South Mexico, Acapulco (Beechey); San- Salvador (Bernoulli, 5); Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 11). — In nearly all tropical and subtropical regions of America. Hb. Kew. Both M. arenaria and M. schrankii should perhaps be referred to this species. UMBELLIFEILE. 557 Order LXVII. UMBELLIFER.E. Umbellifera, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 859. About 1300 species, mostly herbaceous plants, belonging to about 160 genera. The order is generally dispersed in temperate and subtropical regions, a few species extending to frigid regions. In tropical countries it is almost restricted to the mountains. Tribe HYDROCOTYLEjE. There are only seven genera of this tribe, which, with the exception of Hydrocotyle itself, are restricted to Australia and some of the neighbouring islands and South America. 1. HYDROCOTYLE. Hydrocotyle, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 325 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 872. About seventy herbaceous species, mostly inhabiting marshes and bogs, and dispersed over nearly the whole «~. ^a of the family. 1. Hydrocotyle bonplandii, Rich. Hydroc. p. 27, fig. 7. Guatemala, on the banks of rivers (Bernoulli, 311) ; Costa Rica, in woods, Angos- tura (Polakowsky). — Southward to Chili. Hb. Kew. 2. HydrOCOtyle bonariensis, Lam. Diet. iii. p. 147 ; DC. Prodr. iv. p. 60. South Mexico, Vera Cruz (Linden, 565 ; Galeotti, 2742) ; Hacienda de la Laguna (Schiede & Leppe) ; Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 132). — Southward to Chili and Uruguay. Hb. Kew. 3. HydrOCOtyle interrupta, Miihl. Cat. p. 10 ; DC. Prodr. iv. p. 59. Hydrocotyle racemosa, DC. Prodr. iv. p. 70; Caiques des Dess. PL Mex. 425. Eastern States of N. America from Massachusetts southward to Texas, California, and — North Mexico, San Luis Potosi to Tampico (Palmer, 1068), Sonora Alta (Coulter, 107). — Also in the Sandwich Islands. Hb. Kew. 4. HydrOCOtyle mexicana, Ch. et Schl. in Linnsea, v. p. 208. South Mexico, near Jalapa, 3500 feet (Galeotti, 2740, 2747 ; Linden, 557 ; Schiede & Leppe), in shady woods, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 2051) ; Guatemala, Volcan de Fuego, at 6400 feet (Salvin), shady places, Cuesta de Atitlan (Bernoulli, 609) ; Costa Rica, without special locality (Endres, 76). Hb. Kew. This species is contrasted by the authors (I. c.) with " E. leucocephala, Ch. et Schl.," a name which may have been given to a Mexican species, of which we have found no publication. 558 UMBELLIFEB.E. 5. HydrOCOtyle prolifera, Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. i. p. 15 ; Bot. Calif, i. p. 254. California. — North Mexico, Sonora Alta {Coulter). 6. HydrOCOtyle pusilla, Rich. Hydroc. p. 27, t. 52. fig. 2 % South Mexico {Harris). — The true plant is a native of Ecuador and Brazil. Hh. Kew. 7. Hydrocotyle ranunculoides, Linn. fil. Suppl. p. 177 ; Bot. Calif, i. p. 254. Hydrocotyle natans, Cyril, PL Rar. Neap. i. t. 6. fig. B; DC. Prodr. iv. p. 60. Southern States of North America and Cuba. — North Mexico, various places in Sonora {Torrey) ; South Mexico {Christy), ditches near the city of Mexico {Bourgeau, 929) ; Jalapa to Eeal del Monte {Coulter, 108).— Also in South America and in the south of Europe. Hb. Kew. 8. Hydrocotyle, sp. South Mexico {Jurgensen, 810). Hb. Kew. The same species in hb. Kew, from Colombia. 2. MICKOPLEUEA. Micropleura, Lag. Obs. Aparasol. p. 15 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 873. The only known species : — "1. Micropleura renifblia, Lag. Obs. Aparas. p. 15 ; DC. Prodr. iv. p. 71. . Hydrocotyle? grumosa, DC. Prodr. iv. p. 70; Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex. 426. South Mexico, region of Orizaba, Escamella {Bourgeau, 2932 ; Muller, 1097), woods on the mountains of the Pacific coast of Oaxaca, 6000 to 7000 feet {GaUotti, 2752); Guatemala, Barranca del Incienso {Bernoulli, 289). Hb. Kew. There seems to be no doubt that the Mexican plant is the same as that described by Lagasca, though he records it as a native of Chiloe. It also agrees exactly with De Candolle's tracing of Mogino and Sesse's figure quoted above, and should, we think, be referred to Hydrocotyle. Tribe MULINE^l. There are nine genera of this tribe, chiefly South-American, but also represented in South Africa and Australia. There are none in the northern hemisphere, except the Mexican and one species in the Canary Islands. 3. SPANANTHE. Spananthe, Jacq. Collect, iii. p. 247 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 876. One (or two) herbaceous species. 1. Spananthe angnlosa, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xx. p. 171. South Mexico, Zacuapan, near Jalapa {Galeotti, 2743). Hb. Kew. Probably a variety of the following. TJMBELLIFEILE. 559. 2. Spananthe paniculata, Jacq. Coll. iii. p. 247, et Ic. Ear. iii. t. 350. South Mexico, Orizaba (Botteri, 865; Bourgeau, 3117; Mutter), Tolima (Goudet), Huatusco (Heller, 450), Hacienda de la Laguna (Schiede & Beppe) ; Guatemala, near Coban (TurcMeim), in hedges (Bernoulli, 152) ; Costa Eica, San Jose (PolahowsJcy). — Trinidad and Tropical South America. Hb. Kew. 4. BOWLESIA. Bowlesia, Ruiz et Pav. Prodr. Fl. Per. p. 44; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 876. About twelve herbaceous species ; with the exception of one in the Canary Islands, they are all South- American, chiefly Andean ; and only one reaches North America. 1. Bowlesia lobata, Euiz et Pav. Fl. Peruv. t. 251. fig. b. California, Arizona. — Mexico (ex Watson & Brewer, Bot. Calif, i. p. 255). — Colombia to Peru. 5. ASTEEISCIUM. Asteriscium, Ch. et Schl. in Linnsea, i. p. 254 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 877. About seven or eight herbaceous species — with the exception of A. fiexuosum, natives of extratropical South America, principally of Chili. 1. Asteriscium flexUOSTim, Hemsley, Diag. PL Nov. pars 1, p. 16. (Tab. XXXII.) Ramis teretibus striatis gracilibus Miosis, foliis (caulinis) supremis parvis cuneatis apice 3-5-den- tatis subsessilibus, inferioribus latioribus trilobatis longe petiolatis, umbellis paucifloris, petalis valde involutis. Herba glabra, ramosa. Rami graciles, flexuosi, teretes, striati. Folia (radicalia non vidi) inferiora longe petiolata, suborbicularia, trilobata, ad 9 poll, lata, basi rotundata, sinibus latis rotundatis, petiolo ad 2 poll., superiora gradatim minora, basi cuneata, apice 3-5-dentata. Flares herma- pbroditi (?) ; umbellse pauciflorse, longe pedunculatse, pedicellis brevibus ; involucri bractese parvse, apice 3-dentatse ; petala valde involuta, staminibus duplo breviora ; styli erecti. Carpella (matura non visa) subbialata. South Mexico, without locality (Bates). Hb. Kew. A very distinct plant in the Mexican flora, and readily distinguished from its South- American congeners by its leafy flexuose stem and less laterally constricted carpels. We have ventured to describe and figure it, although ripe fruit is wanting, because it is very distinct from all other members of the family hitherto collected in Mexico. EXPLANATION OF TAB. XXXII. Portions of plant, natural size. Fig. 1, a flower ; 2, a petal, as seen from the upperside ; 3, lateral view of a petal ; 4, a young fruit ; 5j a cross section of the same. 560 tjmbelliferj:. Tribe SANICULE^J. Ten genera are referred to this tribe, the species of which cover nearly the whole range of the family. 6. ERYNGIUM. Eryngium, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 324 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 878. About 100 species, generally dispersed in temperate and subtropical regions, except South Africa, and especially abundant in America, from the southern states of the North to Chili. With the exception of two arboreous species in Juan Fernandez, they are herbaceous plants, many of them having hard spiny leaves. 1. Eryngium aquaticum, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 336 ; Jacq. Ic. Ear. t. 347 ; Bot, Eeg. t. 372. South-eastern States of North Ameeica to Texas. — North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet {Parry & Palmer, 285). Hb. Kew. 2. Eryngium axilliflorum, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xx. p. 171. South Mexico, Peak of Orizaba. This is perhaps the same as E. cymosum. 3. Eryngium beecheyanum, Hook, et Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 294. North Mexico, Sierra Madre (Seemann, 2135); South Mexico, valley of Mexico (Schaffner, 149), Tepic (Barclay), Jalisco (Beechey), Vera Cruz (Mutter), Orizaba (Botteri, 864), Jalapa to Real del Monte (Coulter, 105). Hb. Kew. This may be E. carlince. 4. Eryngium bonplandii, Delar. Eryng. Hist. p. 52, t. 22. South Mexico, in shady woods near Santa Rosa and Guanaxuato, 8580 feet (Humboldt). 5. Eryngium bromeliaefolium, Delar. Eryng. Hist. p. 60, t. 28. South Mexico, damp woods (Humboldt & Bonpland), without locality (Be Bergher). 6. Eryngium carlinae, Delar. Eryng. Hist. p. 53,. t. 23. South Mexico, region of Orizaba, and Santa Fe, (Bourgeau, 930, 2678), Oaxaca (Ghiesbreght), Toluca, at 8800 feet (Heller), between La Joya and Las Vegas, near Perote, and on the Peak of Orizaba (Schiede); Costa Rica, in meadows near San Jose (Polakowsky). Hb. Kew. 7. Eryngium cervantesii, Delar. Eryng. Hist. p. 47, 1. 18. fig. l. South Mexico, Jalisco (Beechey). Hb. Kew. 8. Eryngium comosum, Delar. Eryng. Hist. p. 30, t. 7. South Mexico, about the city of Mexico (Aschenbom), between Sarco and Toluca (Humboldt & Bonpland), Tacubaya (Schaffner), valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 313). Hb. Kew. TTMBELLIFER^. 561 9. Eryngium Cymosum, Delar. Eryng. Hist. p. 63, t. 31. South Mexico, peak of Orizaba, 9700 feet (Linden, 495), 8000 to 10,000 feet (Galeotti, 2765), Zimapan (Coulter, 101), nearTasco, 5500 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland). Hb. Kew. 10. Eryngium deppeanum, Schl. et Ch. in Linngea, v. p. 207. South Mexico, Cerro Colorado (Schiede & Beppe). 11. Eryngium diffusum, Torr. in Ann. Lye. N. York, ii. p. 207; Torr. & Gr. Fl. N. Am. i. p. 603. Texas. — Noeth Mexico, in the valley of the Eio Grande. 12. Eryngium fcetidum, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 336. ; Descour. Fl. Ant. viii. t. 585. Nicaragua, Chontales (Tate) ; Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 133), in meadows near the city of Panama (Seemann). — West Indies and Tropical S. America ; also in West Tropical Africa, but probably introduced. It is generally cultivated in Tropical America for flavouring soups &c. Hb. Kew. 13. Eryngium ghiesbreghtii, Delar. (ubi publ.?). South Mexico, Oaxaca (Ghiesbreght). Hb. Kew. 14. Eryngium gracile, Delar. Eryng. Hist. p. 54, t. 24. " New Spain," in damp places (Humboldt & Bonpland). 15. Eryngium gramineum, Delar. Eryng. Hist. p. 60, t. 27. South Mexico, in dry pastures, Anganguio (Hartweg), near Santa Eosa, 8640 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland). Hb. Kew. 16. Eryngium heterophyllum, Engelm. in Bot. Wisliz. Exped. p. 22, in adnot. North Mexico, common about Cosiquiriachi (Wislizenus). 17. Eryngium leavenworthii, Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. p. 604. Southern States of North America to — North Mexico. 18. Eryngium longifolium, Cav. Ic vi. p. 36, t. 555. South Mexico, pastures near Pachuca and Eeal del Monte (ex Cavanilles). 19. Eryngium longirameum, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xx. p. 171. South Mexico, Cordillera of Oaxaca, at 7000 to 8000 feet (Galeotti, 2769), Sierra San Pedro Nolasco (Jurgensen, 819), Chiapas (Ghiesbreght, 136); Guatemala, Camino del Zapote (Bernoulli, 306). Hb. Kew. 20. Eryngium monocephalum, Cav. Ic. vi. p. 35, t. 553. South Mexico, near Huanajuato and Chilpancingo (ex Cavanilles). 21. Eryngium nasturtiifolium, Juss., ex Delar. Eryng. Hist. p. 46, 1. 17. South Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 2070). Hb. Kew. 22. Eryngium pectinatum, Presl, ex DC. Prodr. iv. p. 36. North Mexico, Sierra Madre (Seemann, 2136) ; South Mexico, Tepic (Lay). Hb. Kew. biol. cent. -amer., Bot. Vol. 1, August 1880. 4 c 562 ITMBELLIFEE^L 23. Eryngium phyteumatos, Delar. Eryng. Hist. p. 51, t. 21. South Mexico, in humid pastures (Hartweg, 296). Hb. Kew. 24. Eryngium proteaBflorum, Delar. Eryng. Hist. p. 62, t. 30. South Mexico, Volcan de Jorullo, 3480 feet {Humboldt & Bonpland), peak of Orizaba, at 12,000 feet (Galeotti, 2763), Desierto Viejo, valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 1052), Llanos of Perote (Schiede). Hb. Kew. 25. Eryngium ranunculoides, Benth. PI. Hartw. p. 38. South Mexico, in mountain-pastures, Anganguio (Hartweg, 294). Hb. Kew. 26. Eryngium SCapoSUm, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xx. p. 171. South Mexico, Oaxaca, at 9000 feet (ex Turczaninow). 27. Eryngium SChiedeanum, Schl. et Ch. in Linnsea, v. p. 206. South Mexico, in grassy places near Jalapa (Schiede & Beppe), valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 478). Hb. Kew. Perhaps the same as E. serratum. DeCandolle refers it to E. Hcenkei ; but Schlech- tendal states that it is different. 28. Eryngium serratum, Cav. Ic vi. p. 36, t. 554. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 284) ; South Mexico, Bio Sarco, 5880 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland), valley of Mexico (Schaffner, 158; Bourgeau, 478), without exact localities (Eeerl, Aschenborn). Hb. Kew. 29. Eryngium Stellatum, Mutis; Delar. Eryng. Hist. p. 55, t. 25. Mexico. " Hb. Dombey." 30. Eryngium subacaule, Cav. Ic vi. p. 37, t. 556. fig. 2. " New Spain." 31. Eryngium tenue, Hook, et Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 293. South Mexico, Jalisco (Beechey). 32. Eryngium wrightii, A. Gray, PI. Wright, i. p. 78, ii. p. 65. New Mexico. — Nokth Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi (Parry & Palmer, 286), mountains of Sonora ( Wright). Hb. Kew. 33. Eryngium, sp. South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 102). Hb. Kew. 34. Eryngium, sp. South Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 103). Hb. Kew. 35. Eryngium, sp. South Mexico, Beal del Monte (Coulter, 106, 1152). Hb. Kew. 36. Eryngium, sp. (aff. E. pectinato). South Mexico, Desierto Viejo, near Mexico (Bourgeau, 1177). Hb. Kew. XTMBELLIFEE^l. 563 37. Eryngium, sp. (E. microcephalum, Willd. X). South Mexico, woods on the Pacific coast of Oaxaca, at 7000 feet (Galeotti, 2767). Hb. Kew. 7. SANICULA. Sanicula, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 326; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 880. About ten herbaceous species, one of which is widely dispersed in Europe, Asia, and the temperate regions of Africa, another is Azorean, and a third inhabits the Sandwich Islands ; all the rest are American, ranging from the north, through the Andes, to Chili. 1. Sanicula llberta, Ch. et Schl. in Linnsea, i. p. 253, et v. p. 208. South Mexico, in shady woods on the Cerro Colorado, near Jalapa (Schiede & Deppe, 283) ; Costa Eica, in wet meadows near Herran {PolakowsJcy). Hb. Paris. 2. Sanicula mexicana, DC Prodr. iv. p. 84. South Mexico, Jalapa {Galeotti, 2746 ; Linden, 58), valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 2293), Orizaba (Botteri, 872), Eeal del Monte (Berlandier, 403) ; Guatemala, Volcan de Fuego, ridge above Calderas, 8300 feet (Salvin). — Southward to Chili. Hb. Kew. Tribe AMMINE^. Nearly half the genera and species of the family belong here ; they are generally diffused. 8. TAUSCHIA. Tauschia, Schl. in Linnsea, ix. p. 607; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 882. Two or more herbaceous species, all occurring in Mexico. 1. Tauschia COulteri, A. Gray, PI. Lindh. ii. p. 211, in adnot. South Mexico, Eeal del Monte (Coulter, 121), Cordillera of Oaxaca, woods at 7000 to 9000 feet (Galeotti, 2760). Hb. Kew. 2. Tauschia nudicaulis, Schl. in Linnsea, ix. p. 608. South Mexico, between La Joya and San Salvador (Galeotti), peak of Toluca, 10,500 feet (Galeotti, 2733), Jalapa (Coulter, 120).— Also in Ecuador (Spruce, 6065). Hb. Kew. 3. Tauschia, sp. South Mexico, near Oaxaca (Ghiesbreghf). Hb. Kew. 9. AEEACACIA. Arracacia, Bancr. in Trans. Agr.-Hort. Soc. Jam., ex Linnsea, iv. Litteraturb. p. 13 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 884. As limited by Bentham and Hooker, a dozen or more herbaceous species, extending from California and Mexico to the Andes of South America. 4c2 564 UMBELLLFEB^. 1. Arracacia acuminata, Benth. Pi. Hartw. p. 187. South Mexico, region of Orizaba {Bourgeau, 2837) ; Guatemala, Volcan de Fuego, ridge above Calderas, 8300 feet {Salvin). — Colombia to Pebu. Hb. Kew. 2. Arracacia atropurpurea, Benth. et Hook. Gen. PI. i. p. 885. Pentacrypta atropurpurea, Lehm. in Linnsea, v. p. 380, t. 5. fig. 2. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet {Parry & Palmer, 290); South Mexico, Toluca (Andrieux, 353), Orizaba, Alpatlabua, on the eastern declivity, at 6500 feet {Heller), Desierto Viejo, valley of Mexico {Bourgeau, 780), Pueblo de los Angeles {Aschenborn), without localities {Parkinson, Bates). Hb. Kew. 3. Arracacia decumbens, Benth. et Hook. Gen. PI. i. p. 885. Velcea decumbens, Benth. PI. Hartw. p. 38. South Mexico, Zimapan {Coulter, 114), woods at 7000 to 8000 feet in the Cordillera of Oaxaca {Galeotti, 2750), Morelia {Hartweg), plain of Topetougo and at Tlalpuxahua {Graham). Hb. Kew. 4. Arracacia glaucescens, Benth. Pi. Hartw. p. 187 % South Mexico, about Toluca {Andrieux, 351). — The typical plant was collected in Colombia. Hb. Kew. 5. Arracacia tolucensis, Hemsley. IAgusticwm toluccense, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 19, t. 422. Velaa toluccensis, DC. Prodr. iv. p. 231. South Mexico, between Toluca and Islahuaca, at 8280 feet {Humboldt & Bowpland). 6. Arracacia, sp. North Mexico, Sierra Madre {Seemann, 2134). Hb. Kew. Eeferred ,by Seemann (Bot. Voy. ' Herald ') to Velcea toluccensis, DC, from which it differs. 7. Arracacia, sp. South Mexico, peak of Orizaba, at 9500 feet {Linden, 560, 2737). Hb. Kew. 8. Arracacia, sp. South Mexico, peak of Orizaba, at 9500 feet {Linden, 563). Hb. Kew. 9. Arracacia, sp. On Mount San Felipe, near Oaxaca {Andrieux, 352). Hb. Kew. 10. Arracacia, sp. South Mexico, pine-forests of Pueblo Nuevo, Chiapas {Linden, 586), Orizaba {Botteri, 869). Hb.Kew. 11. Arracacia, sp. South Mexico {Jurgensen, 256). Hb. Kew. TTMBELLIFERE. 565 12. Arracacia, sp. Guatemala, top of Volcan de Agua {Salvin & Godman). Hb. Kew. 10. EULOPHUS. Eulophus, Nutt., ex DC. Prodr. iv. p. 248 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 885. Four herbaceous species — one in Arkansas, one in Texas, and the following : — 1. Eulophus peucedanoides, Benth. et Hook. Gen. PI. i. p. 885. Smyrnium ?lineare, Benth. PI. Hartw. p. 83. Cnidium peucedanoides, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 15. Silaus 1 peucedanoides, DC. Prodr. iv. p. 161. North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 292, 293); South Mexico, region of Orizaba (Botteri, 871; Bourgeau, 2676), Mirador (Linden, 1277), savannas at 3000 feet in the Cordillera of Vera Cruz (Galeotti, 2741) ; Guatemala, in fields, Tejar and Chimaltenango (Hartweg, 578), Camino del Zapote (Bernoulli, 299). Hb. Kew. 2. Eulophus, sp. % North Mexico, Zacatecas (Coulter, 115). Hb. Kew. 11. SMYKNIUM. Smyrnium, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 363. Bentham and Hooker (Gen. Plant, i. p. 885) limit this genus to the Old- World species, but do not mention the following plant. It may be a species of Eulophus. 1. Smyrnium aegopodioides, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 16. South Mexico, near Moran, at 8050 feet (Humboldt & Bonpland). Berlandier's number 1042, from the Cordillera of Guchilope, bears this name in hb. Paris. 12. APIUM. Apium, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 367; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 888. About fourteen herbaceous species, dispersed nearly all over the world. 1. Apium echinatum, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 888. Leptocaulis echinatus, Nutt. ; DC. Prodr. iv. p. 107, et Mem. Omb. 1. 10. Sou jiern States of North America to — North Mexico, mountains near Lake Santa Maria, Chihuahua (Bigelow), Sonora (Parry), Lower Eio Grande (Schott). Hb. Kew. [2. Apium graveolens," Linn. Sp. Pi. p. 379. The Celery has a very wide area of distribution in the northern hemisphere in the Old World, and it is also naturalized in many countries, as in South Mexico, Tehuacan, Cordillera of Oaxaca, 5000 feet (Galeotti, 2756).J 566 UMBELLIFEE^:. 3. Apium leptophyllum, F. Mull, in Benth. Fl. Australiensis, Hi. p. 372. Helosciadivm leptophyllum, DC. Prodr. iv. p. 105 ; Rchb. Fl. Germ. 1. 1860. Southern States of North America. — North Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 294) ; South Mexico, Ciudad Keal (Linden, 588), Orizaba (Galeotti, 2739, 2755; Botteri, 866 ; Muller, 1858), valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 317 and 2183), valley of Mexico (Schaffner, 169); Guatemala, Llanos (Bernoulli,, 261). — Common in South America ; also in Tropical Africa and in Eastern Australia. Hb. Kew. 4. Apium ?, sp. South Mexico, Chiapas (Ghiesbreght, 687). Hb. Kew. 13. S1TJM. Slum, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 348 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 893. Four species, widely spread in the northern hemisphere, and one of them also growing in South Africa. 1. Sium angUStifolium, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1672 ; DC. Prodr. iv. p. 125. Berula angustifolia, Koch. Widely spread in the United States of North America to — North Mexico, Sonora (Schott), region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 289) ; South Mexico, region of Orizaba (Bourgeau, 2527), Cordillera of Oaxaca, at 7500 feet (Galeotti, 2757). — Also common in Europe and "Western Asia to India. Hb. Kew. 14. CICUTA. Cicuta, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 354 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 889. About six herbaceous species, widely dispersed in the northern hemisphere. 1. Cicuta maculata, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 367; Bigel. Med. Bot. t. 12. From Saskatchewan and New England southward. — South Mexico, near Vera Cruz, 1000 feet (Galeotti,, 21i1 ; Linden, 566), near Jalapa (Schiede & Beppe). Hb. Kew. 15. CAEUM. Carum, Linn. Gen. Plant, n. 365 ; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 890. A large genus, generally dispersed in temperate and subtropical regions of the northern hemisphere and South Africa. 1. Carum, sp. ? South Mexico, around Oaxaca (Andriem, 355). Hb. Kew. UMBELLIFER^:. 567 16. OSMOKKHIZA. Osmorrhiza, Rafin., ex DC. Prodr. iv. p. 232; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 897. Four herbaceous species, ranging from the Andes of South America, through North America, to China, Japan, and the mountains of India. 1. Osmorrhiza brevistylis, DC. Prodr. iv. p. 232 ; Hook. FL Bor.-Am. t. 97. In North America from the Arctic Circle southward. — South Mexico, forest of the Desierto Viejo (Bourgeau, 781), valley of Mexico (Schaffner, 164), Cordillera of Oaxaca, at 9000 feet (Galeotti, 2751). — Also in the mountains of North India, and in China and Japan. Hb. Kew. Mr. C. B. Clarke (Hooker's Fl. Brit. Ind. ii. p. 690) unites this with 0. longistylis, DC, under the name of 0. claytoni. 17. OEEOMYEEHIS. Oreomyrrhis, Endl. Gen. Plant, p. 787; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant, i. p. 897. Besides the two doubtful species described below, there are four or five well-known species, one of which ranges through the Andes of South America and the mountains of Australia and New Zealand ; the others are exclusively confined to New Zealand. 1. Oreomyrrhis andina, Endl. Gen. PI. p. 787 % Myrrhis andina, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. t. 419? South Mexico, peak of Orizaba, near the snow-line (Linden, 1276). Hb. Kew. This is probably 0. andina, the species having the wide range indicated above. 2. Oreomyrrhis? gracilipes, Hemsley, Diag. PI. Nov. pars 1, p. 16. (Tabb. XXXIII. et XXXIV. figg. 6 6-8.) Scaposa, glabra, foliis petiolatis bipinnatipartitis (vel fere pinnatis), petiolo omnino vaginante, umbellis simplicibus, pedicellis filiformibus, floribus polygamo-monoicis (vel dioicis?), petalis acutis apice inflexis. Herba (annua, Galeotti) scaposa, glabra. Folia petiolata, pinnatim dissecta vel subpinnata, ad 3-pollicaria ; segmenta alte pinnatifida, basi angustissima, vix articulata, 6-12 lin. longa, lobis denticulatis, acutis ; petiolus omnino vaginans. Scapus gracilis, nudus, vix striatus, usque 20-pollicaris ; umbellse simplices, multiflorae, pedicellis gracillimis, ad pollicaribus ; involucri bractese lineari-subulatse, 2 lin. longse. Mores (lutei, Galeotti) polygamo-monoici (vel dioici?), calycis dentes conspicui, acuti ; petala acuta, apice leviter infiexa ; ovarium evittatum ?, meri- carpiis siibteretibus. Fructus maturus a nobis non visus. South Mexico, slopes of the Pacific side of the Cordillera of Oaxaca (Galeotti, 2753), without locality (SallS). Hb. Kew. EXPLANATION OF TAB. XXXIII. A plant, or portion of a plant, natural size. fig. 1, a flower; 2, the same, "with the petals and stamens removed; 3, cross section of very young fruit : all enlarged. 568 UMBELLLFEE^. EXPLANATION OF TAB. XXXIV. Figg.