69 98200 LOLI © WOMANI | bh . i Pk habe ae CULPEPER’S XOMPLETE HERBAL: CONSISTING OF A COMPREHENSIVE DESCRIPTION OF NEARLY ALL HERBS WITH THEIR MEDICINAL PROPERTIES AND IRECTIONS FOR COMPOUNDING THE MEDICINES EXTRACTED FROM THEM LIBRARY OF THE ONTARIO COLLEGE OF PHARMACY LONDON W. FOULSHAM & CO., LTD. NEW YORK - TORONTO - CAPE TOWN . SYDNEY TAN 10 4 x. 3 a 7 LIBRARY Jit | 8 1991 MADE IN GREAT BRITAIN | | BY D. R. HIDLMAN AND SONS, LTD., FROME. \ COPYRIGHT: W. FOULSHAM AND Co., LTD. vi CONTERTS. aG r 8 „ eee eee Blackberry Bush (The) .. ve sesesase Ä! . ton a Thies “veil @eesseeeoeed e „% „% „ „ „„ „ „ „„ „„ „„ „% „% „ „%% 6 „% 66 „„ 6 orage an 08s @eeeseeoerseeeevreeSeeeeeseeerteeseseeeee eee Borage and Bugloes . . . . . . . ones. eeeee eeeeee Brank Ursine .. 8 6 % % % % %% eee eee „„es sees Brook-Lime, or Water Pimpernel . „ „% „%%% „ „% „%fü% 2 2 „% * 2 2 „ „„ Broom (Butcher’s) .. eseenseecos eevee es @eeeeeevaee „„ „„ „„ „„ „„ „% „% room, or Broom- pe. 2 „ „6 „„ 2 „ „ „„„%„%„ „ „46 „ % „%%% „%„„ eseee Buck’s Horn Plantain espouse *. veacesceos eee Buckthorn eee * 6 6 6 „% „„ „%%C% %%% „„ „ „„ „% „6 „„. „„ „„ „ „„ „ ren ee Bugle 5 6 %%% %%% %% % %%% %%% %% „„ „ „% „ „% „ „ „ „ „ % „ „% „„ „ „ „6 EHO: Burnet .. 6 6 „%7 „%% %%„„%„„%„ „ „6 „„ „„ 2 2 2„„„„„„%„„„—0 2952535525666 Butter-Bur (The) .. COOP U ROSE SESH OH OEE EHEHEE SHEET OES EEES Burdock (The ee TOeREREEER ECOSOC O CCE Cee eee eee So * Cabbages and leworts.. CeCe ee oem eee eee See eeeeeeeeseeses eee eee „5 „„ „ „„ „„ „„ „„ „„ 660 Coe rereresseoese Want .de ien. Camomile... oeseses eeeeseeseees COOH E Coe ee ee Eee „„ „46 „ „„ Caltrops ater) eeeeeeveeeeeeeeeeveeeneeee eeeeeseeeeeeeestene Cam ion TUR eee Sooo ee Heer ese SeEeeeEesesesesE uus Benedictus eeeeceeveeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeene Wc coccdcccceiccecebons eece COCO Cee eee „„ „„ „„ „„ Gren y „„de ö ( G˖Z＋6.m 333333 ä 23 *** Celandine.. COCO „„ „„ „4„46./ Celandine (he diy Sua) vet 95955544464 ee he The) Small) eseeee eeeverreseereecesese Cherries (Winter) W e . Chestnut Tree „„es eee Chestnuts (Earth) . COCO H hk ORES EHS 43 ie Ww 5 6 „ „„ „% 6 „6 „ „„ 6 „„es „„es „es Chick-Pease, or Cicers ......... Cine + or Five-Leaved Grass, called aleo Five- Fingered Grass Garz eee anise ach eavers 6 „ 6 „„ . % „ „% „„ „ ee eee 6 % % % %% % „„ „ „% „ „ „ „6 „6 6 66 „6„ Clown’s Woundwort . nne W Cock’s Head, Red Fitching, or Medick Fetch nn. esel Columbines ( 2 2 eecess Corer esse seer assesses sesesese Colt’s Foot (Cominon) . eeeecsons Coe eres „ „%%% „„ „„ „ „„ „ 40 97 Comfrey „eee 6 6 „eee „eee eee „„ „eee „„ 97 eee CPO TH õ 333571 SHES SESS 99 — c beubener vebeea RUG Greate, of Paigles eees Coc c ceed 0 0 e oben teebeeece 101 Crab’ ws 6 % „% „%% %%% Ses „% „%% „% „% „%%% „% „% % „%%% „%%% % „% „%% „„ „%% 101 Qresses (Black) eme „ „eee 102 CONTENTS. vii PAGE Cremes (Sciatica) eeeeseeeoe- 2eeeeeeeeeeeesceeseeeeseeeeesese 103 Oresses (Water) .....scececcccceccccseccccveressesecsccess 104 Crosswort eeeeeeeereeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeesese Crowfoot . eeete ee eeereere eee eeeeeeree eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeese 1 1 eeeeeeeer „ eee eee eee eee ee Dre „ „„ „„ „ „ „% 6%6„% „„ „„en eee eee . eee eee et „eee ee eee 1 Currant- eee ee e 1 eeeeer ee eee @eeeetoeeeaer+r re eee eeeseee ee 88+ 8 2 „ „* Darnel and White) wr wePeaeeeeeeeeeee eee eee 8 it „ eee „ „% „ „%„ „ „„ „%%% „% „„ „% %„%„%%9ůa i „„ „eee ese Di „ „„ „„ „„es eee eee eee ese eee Dittany re. 6 6666 „% „% „% 1 Dittany (White) 5 „„ „2 2 „„ „„ „ „6 „65 Dock a See Hu we SSCS SHH H SESS SEES ESESSEH Hee esseeeese 1 Dodder of T hyme 5655 „„ „ „666 6 „466 „66 2 eee eee eee eee eee eee eee Dep't Mere „ „„ „„ „ „ „%%% „%%% % „% %/§Q ] %00ꝓg Geese „% „„ „% „% „%%% „% „„ „% „% „„ „„ „%„%ç9„—9 6 T. „eee „eee eee „ „ „%% „% „ „%% „% Bose, Foot „„ „ „ „ e eee „„ eee eee eee ee eee Down, or Cotton Thistle eeeeeeeareeeer eee „„ „„ „e 1 „ „ „„ „% „„ „„ „%% „ „„ „„ eee eee eee „eee nnn. 1 2 — „„ „ „„ „„ „ „%% „% „„ „% % „ „„ „% % —ð ˙:46„6 «„“ eee „„es — Sea H POOR POOH OEE E OO HEHO OREO HOHE Er bt — k R 336 eee EE av alodsoceksdonnncgeea sens shecinseies Fennel wor og s) COCO h — wer eee „% „ „% „„ „%% „% „% „%%% % % % % „% „% „%% % % „% „ „„ „ „ „ „„ „ „ „6 „% * eee eee ee eee Fern Osmond Royal or Water) eee eeeer eee eee eaee ee ee eeeee , or Feataerfow —U ( ! 33V* — EEES Corn „ „„ „„ „% „% „ „% „% „% „% „% „% „ % „% „% „ „% „% „ „% „% „% „ „„ „„ „„ „„ „„ „ „ „ „„ 6 „% eee ee eee ee ee 1 Peverfew (Bweet) 5 „51ꝙ0rã&è.z % „ eee ee ee eee eee) Pee 141 will OONTENTS. Paes Tree eee „ee sees e % „% „% „% „% %%% % „%%% „%%% %% „%% „ „%% 6„%6„%% „ 141 Filipend or Throatw roatwort, and Figwort an . 142, 143 Wisshen © (Cane) and Fleabane (Marsh) .. . 148 ama ), Fleabane (Mountain),and Fleabane (Small) 149, 125 SA-WO 2 „ /// oW YT ee Flix weed, or Fl uxweed eeeeseeeeesn coveccccvecccecesescscececes 162 Fleur-de-! (Garden or Blue). 6 % „ „„ „ „ „6 „ 6 eee „eee 153 Fluellein, Lluellin Speed well, or Paul's Beton 1564 Fox- glove 6 „ 6 6 „% % „„ „% „%%% „ „% 6% „„ „%%% „%%% „„ „„ „ „ „ „% „„ n eeeees 156 1 eee eee eee ‚ ‚‚ꝙ ee 156 Furze-bush 6 0 % „%%% %% % „„ „ „%% „ „ „ „%% „% „%% „%%% „ „%% „%%% %% %%% % „%% „% „ „„ „6 „% 157 eeces SeeeeepeseeeBeesestesestseser *@eesaeeeveeves 158 Gall-oak eeee eeeoeoeeeeeeoeteeeereeeeeeeeeee 58 Gatlic. 2 and Garlic (Broad-leaved Wich. . Gentian 6 „„ „„ „et eee eee eee eee „ 5 % % „ „%% „„ „6% „„ „ „% 161 Germander „„ „„ „% „„ %%% „„ „66% 6 6 6% % æ ⁰ ‚ç—F nee eee „ „„ „„ „ „„ „„ „eee 162 3 (Water) 6 6 „ „66 „ 6 „e „„ „%%% „eee ee es “er Goat's k Beard (Yellow and Goat’s Beard (Purple 9 64, 166 Goat’s Rue, and low), Thorn, or 8 115 166 Gold of Pleasure, and Golden Common) 167 Golden Rod 8 and olden 222 (Welsh) 6 „ „% „%„%% %%6„ 168 Golden Sam „ @@@eeeeteereeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeteveee ese 69 8 eee Gar th), and (Spotted) „ „ „„ „„ „„ „ 7 ore g- * moo * % % % ο— —⏑—‚—⏑ Goat-Herb, Gout weed, or Gout wort II Green (Winter @eeeeveeeGeoeeeeeeeeereeeeeeseeeeaeeeeeeeeeeere 171 Ground Pine (Common e 172 Groundsel (Common), and Groundsel (Cotton or Stinking) 172,. 173 pigsty (Hoary), (Mountain), and (Water ⁊ 174 Gum Aae. eee OCC „„ 75 Hare’s Ear (Small), and Hare's Fot „ s Tongu 6689 6 „ „ „ „ „„ „„ „6 „6 „„ „„ „ „ 77 Hawk- Weed (Common Broad-leavedʒz·· 177 Hawthorn @eeener *“@eeeoee ease eeeaesee ee aes eeteeereseeeeeeeeeee 178 Hazel Nut @eceeevaeseeeeeeveeete „„ „ ee ee eeetee 179 Heart’s Ease ee ook, eee % % % „%%% ee eeeeeseeeareree: eR FO+ oe 179 5 Halebre( (Black) ‘and Hellebore (White,) « or Indian Poke...... 181 00 e % % „% „% „% 6 6% „%% „% „%% „% „%%% %% %% „%„„% %% % %%% „% %%% „% „% „% „%% „ „% „% „„ „%% %« ꝛ½66„% 182 He emp @eeeeovoeaeeoeeee Seeeeeeeeeeseeeeseseeeseeeeeeeseeeseeeeese 183 . (Common) „„ wens hones a) 1BB Henry (Good) . eee eeeeeee 6 % % „% „% „%% 66 „„ „ „% „% „„ „%% „ „6 „4 . 184 a Christopher, H Herb Robert, and Herb True-Love..... 185, 186 e ee e or 2 — and Holly (Sea) 1387 Hollvhaoke 6 6 „ % „„ „„ 6% „ „% eeereesereeseseeses 5 9 * 188 Lp 5 ad Honewort (Slender) sesned edsiees 660see- 10D onev-Suckle (Dwarf), and Honey-wort . . 190, 191 CONTENTS. ix and Horehound (Black) .. eererece 9323233*5õ52éF 6 192, 193 Horse-Tail, and Horse- Tongue . 193, 194 rn „t eeeeeeee 100 ** ouseleek, an ousel m % „„ „„ ee eeeeee ee — (Stone-Crop), Wal kai and (Water) + 197, 198 Ho poci eeeeeeee ee eeee eee e eoeeee eeeeeveeeeve eeee eee 5 191 * „„ „„ „„ „ „ „ee e eee eee D vas hie vies 9 Ab wm eee ailwen ed wale ot the V Water Lilly, and Lilly (White Garden) 214, 216 y — alley, 7. 7 r. De ile Liverwort (Common eee en e Loosestrife „„ „„ e „%%% „„ „ „ „„ „„ 6 „% „„ eee eee 218 r „„ „ „ „%%% % „„ „% „ „ „%%% „ „46„„% 219 „eee rr ee „ „„ „„ „ „ „„ „ „„ 219 rr 6% „ „%% „ „„ „ „ „ „ eeeere 220 bee e e ese e b ee 220 Maidenhairs is (Comes) cod Mallow ( and (White) pices 221, 222 ows (Common March) . 222, 223 Maple- Tres f q „„ „„ . 44 2.2 3 Gch. „eee lana 227 rete et „ „% „ „ „ „„ „ „6 „% 229 — Stinking) % ˖ eee eee ee ee 229 —— „„ % „ „ „ „„ „„ eee eee — , S plane saga? c. 231 r 255 Mint Sanden 1 ‘ : , ( 0, (Pepper), (Water), and (Wild or Horse) 233, 236 — eee eee eee eee * CONTENTS. PAGE Moneywort 6 2 „„ „ „ „„ „ „„ 6 „% „% „% „%% „% „% „% ean 6% „% „% „„ „„ „%. 6 e e % „„ 287 Moon wort eee nne 5 Moss (Ground) dave d's e ee eee el ise 3 deo e „ „% „ „„ „„ „„ „„ „ „% „% „„ „„ „„ „ „% ett 13 ä —7»—y e+: serene 2 „„„ 66 6254 — 239 240 „ „ „% „% „%% „%% „„ „ „% „ „% %% „%%% „% „ „„ „ „ „„ C66 e ‚ ses eeee 24 Na Biel) and (White) 6 „ „% % % „%%% „% „% „%% %%% „% „% „%% „% „ „%ũĩß－ꝗ „ 242 Mushroom (Garden 243 Mustard (Black), Mustard (Hedge), and Mustard (White) 244, 265 246 rd (English) ..... 56 „%% 280-508 59569555555 247 Myrt! e Tree. eevee —— 2 ö 995956595ꝙ•! — W555 247 Nailwort „„ „eee „„ „ „e „„ „„ „ „ „eee 6 „%%% % „% „% „ „% „%„%„0%t7ũ6f12? Navel wort ö „„ „„ ä 959597§⁊qãẽ⸗᷑ꝗBᷣà5łrT!lũ ͤuI . 248 a ve „% % %% „% „%„„%„%/%ĩ „%„%„„%„%„% „% „„ „%% „% „% „„ „ „„ „46% „ „ „% „% „% „„ „„ „%% %%c90 „% 248 6 6 % „ „„ „ „„%„ „% „ „6% 5 %%%% SHEESH „ „ „„ „ „ „„ „„ „„ „„ 249 Nep Nettle (Common) Nightshade (Common), and Nightshade (Dead R 25ʃ, 252 TES ces eeeeceeeveeeeoeceeeseeeeeee ee eeseeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeene Oats 5 „ „„ „ „ „„ 6 „ „ „ „„ ee „„ „% „ 6 „„es eee „eee „eee 254 Onion eeee ee „ „ „„ „ „ „ „6 0 0% h % eee eee eee see eee 0 254 rach “ee „„ „ „„ „% „„ „ „% „% .ñ 6 „„ e „eee „eee „„ „„ „e „eee 255 tase „eee „ % „% „% „% „% „%% 6 „% „% „% „ „%%% „% „% % „% „%% „ „% „ 6 „„ „%% „ „ „ 256 eeeeeeeeeee ee „„ 6 „ „„ „%%% „% 257 e (Common) (Piert, « or Breakstone) and | Rock) 257, 258, 259 eden oe rr. Os 260 Be (Cow), and Parsnip (Upright Water) „261 Peach- ree, and Pear -Tree.. CoP SHEER EEE SHEE SEES 262, 263 ee N. Spain, and Pelli of the W *. . 263, 264 Penny-Royal, and Penny wort ( 8 265, 267 Peony (Male) „ „ „„ . nn * 267 Pepper. Pepper (Guinea), and Pepper (Water) 268, 270 Periwinkle (Great) „ „„ „„ eoeeeeeee eee e „ e „ „ee „e 270 Peter's Wort (St.) „„ „„ „„ „% „% „ „ „% „%%% „„ „% „ „% „%„ „ „% „„ „ „„ „ „„ „6„% 271 n „ „ee „e e e „„ eee eee * 271 (Water) „ „„ „%% eeeeeeeree ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 272 273 Plantains, (Buck 1 Ho 508 J and wort). 27 274, 276 Flatsins, (Bucks Hors.) e — . 276 Plums SHSCSHSSSSSSHESSSHEHSESHEHTSESSHTH HESS SESE ET HHHEHEE He 276 che aaa 6 %% „%%% %% ees ese „% „%%% „%% %%% 7ꝗ ꝓ.ö 6 „ „„ „%% „% „%%% at 0 „565655464 „„„„„4„46„ „ „% „% „ „ „% „%% „% „%% % „% „„ „„ „„ „ „ „%% „ eave Pom — — — 2 ‚ ͤ—ͤLU„̃̃ 2 2 (ůI — — . 277 Pump 2 „ „% „% „%%% „%% „%% „„ „„ „ ee „% „% 46„ „ „ „„ „ „%%% „%%% „% „% „ „% „% „% „„ „% „%% 5 27 278 Pep par lick aad (Wie) (Violet-Horned,) and (White) 270 9 255 oppies 00 10. 0 Boppice (Wild an (Talos. Horne) eeeeeeosesecseeses 282, 283 Purslane 6 % %% %%% %% „%%% %„%„%„%%„%„„%„ „% „„ „%„%„%„%%„%„%„%„ „%%% %%% EESEHESES Quick Grass. @eaeeeseeeeeeseseeeeesesr es Fes eaetseeeseseseeseseee 0 79 280 . 283 e SeeeeeseeSeSSSSSFeeSeSeSseeesessese Sees eset eee „ee „ 284 284 285 286 CONTENTS. xi PAGE Radish (Common Garden), and Radish (Wild or Horse) 287 mete (Horned), (Sheep’s), and (Hairy Sheep’s) ...... 288. — D Ä rene. 290 Rhubarb, Rhubarbs, (Culinary. or Tart,) and (Great Monk’s) 291, 292 Rice, Rocket Cress (Annual), and Rocket Cress (Dwarf) . 295 oat ee eae sea) (Wi) l inter) 295, R 90 Root o eee eee „ee „eee eee „eee „ee „ „ese „ e@@eeeeee 306 uinanth), Rushes, * Glonde, and Rye, . . . 307, 308 n (Meadow), and Saffron (Wild) ...... 308, 309, 310 = Garden), (Small,) and (Wood) 311, — eee, eee, 8 (Prickly,) and Samphire (Rock or Small) e's —— Saracen’s Consound, or Great Broad-Leaved Rag wort. 316 Zr 317 e (Jack-by-the-Hedge, or Common Garlic men 8 eee eee leere Savory (Summer), and Savory (Winter) eee. eee Sawwort aes e e ee elne. 320 Saxifrages 1 . Small Burnet), and (W bite) 017 321 ,,, 1 NORE, Beabious ( 0 Pit. Scabious (Field,) and (Lesser Field) .. 1 or — hite Bind weed eee e ee eee 324 ort, or Seiatiea-Grass, and Scorpion Grass (Mouse Ear) 325 Seurvy-Gra ses (Common Garden), (Dutch (Sa) K ay Ph serge (Ivy-leaved), (Horse-radish), and er 326, 32 5 — n Bladder) 2696255254 „5„ 662 „ „„ „%„%„%%%%„%„%%„„ „ „„ 329 e 330 Service Tree (Common, ) and Service Tree (Manured) 330, 331 Shepherd’s Needle (Common,) and She v epd ust) 331, 332 herd’s Purse, and roe ols voubacavebiac'ce Cede Gen Wort....... See eeweseeeese „544 „„ „% 555 „ „4 „ 2 „ „ „„ 333 Silverweed „„ „„ „„ ee Seeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeoeeeeeeen ee eee „ „ „ O80 Simson (Blue) „„ 6 %s 5 6 „ „„ 6 6 6 „„ „„ „ 334 Skirret .. „ „ „„ „„ „„ „„ 6 „„es eee 334 — we DDr „eee „tee eee eee eee 335 eee „„ „„ rr + am lly “and Soapwort „ „ „„ eeeeeeoeeeeeeeee eee 336 enn „eehte 97 nn. „ „„ tee eee 338 —— 2), Mi ) (Bheep’ 371 (Wood,) .. 335. —— Sorre mon), ( ountain, an ee and Southernw Gd eee „eee . 341, 342 — Sowerweed (Kidney-leaved) ........ 342 Bow-Thistles (Common, ) (Prickly,) (Tree,) and Tree (Marsh) 343, 344 xii CONTENTS. PAGB Speedwell, Spignel, Spignel (Broad-leaved,) and Spikenard 345, 346 gez. Soe Wo ger Spunk.. _ RENE. in Fibs tesla 347 ree (Broad-leaved,) (Corn,) (Dart) (Garden,) (Greater,) notty-rooted,) (Olive,) Getty) and (Red,) 348, 349, 350, 351 gre es (Portland,) (Rough-fruited,) (Sea,) (Sun.) (Wood,) 351, = Star-worts (Garden, ) (Sea,) (Spring-water,)(Autumnal-water) 353, 354 r sea vebs peeb eueeeedabsabeswebes 354 ne cccnceasenvere „bee se tiesaees ap seen Srorax. Tree i's o ee bee een totes Miner kwedtenenn ee 355 * and Strawberry Cingquofedl. „ „eee eee 356 (Garder), Succory 1 — lite 4 Wen 357, 358 oan ebe eee eee, akan mnie —nae meet 358 Sun Dew, Swallow- Wort, and Sycamore Tree. 359, 360 Tamarisk-Trea ccc oc ß souek 2 . 360 Tansy (Common, ) and Tansy (Garden,) 361, 362 Tare (Vetch Common Black) and Tarragoen — 363 Tea, Tease] (Manured,) and easel (W 70 Thistle (Blessed), Thistle upon Ths istles 52 1273 , Thistle Ge ph on O (Spe = (S 9 aed (War Fase 366, 367 tles (St. Barnaby’s, pear, tar,) an Thistles (Welted May,) Wid Crit Face * Bs Thorn-Apple and Thornberry (Black,): Thrit ne and Thorough-wax, badete big 370 ea,) ...e eee e es eee 5 2 „ „„ 6 6 „„ „„ „ 50 „4 60600 6 0 „ „ „% „ „ „„ „ „ „% Tootheress (Bulbiferous) . Meese eee ieee, O00 Tormentil, and Tormentil Sa pes „eee Stay 374 Trefoil, Trefoil een and Tref Sees dice 0 I 2 376 Valera (Garden, ), (Greek,) (Water,) and (True Wild) 376, 377, pad Vine. Wilt (Weber) cal Vigo ts on We tls Cilia) nee csc Walz i goa N Ou abel bah es ed eee % „„ „„ „„ „„ „„ „„ „„ „„ „ „„ „„ „„ „„ „„ Whett e e* „6 6 6% „„ „6 66 6 6 „ „ „„ „„ „„ „„ „ gu) Willow Hore vTreeping, (Great Flowered, 4 (Money,, fon 28 and Co my 5 7. 250 389 Willow-Herbs, 1 (Tufty,) 1 „ LT 301 Woodruffe ( te 05 Common, ‘(Bom and (Sea,) ...... 8 and w ( 3 sake . 397, 398 Yor Yucea, or 1 „eee sees ee ee ee e CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. — ACONITE. Aconitum Anthora. ) We have many poisonous Aconites growing in the fields, of which we ought to be cautious: but there is a medici- nal one kept in the shop; this is called the Wholesome - Aconite ; Anthora, and Wholesome Wolf’sbane. ip.—This a small plant, being a species of Wolf’s- bane, or Monkshood, about a foot high, with pale divided green leaves, and yellow flowers. It grows erect, and the stalk is firm, dees and hairy; the leaves do not stand in pairs; they are round almost, and cut into many divi- sions like those of Larkspur. | The flowers are large and of a pleasant smell, and grow on the tops of the branches in spikes of a pale yellow colour, in shape like the flowers of Monkshood, but somewhat less, each suc- ceeded by four or five horn-like pointed pods, containing black angular seeds. The root is tuberous, and sometimes consists of one lump or knob, sometimes of more. Place.— This pant is a native of the Alps, but with us is planted in gardens. Time.—It flowers in July, and the seeds are ripe at the latter end of August. Government and Pirtues.— This plant is under the go- verument of Saturn. The shoot only is used, and that not often, However, it is said to be very serviceable against vegetable poisons. A decoction of the root is a good lo- tion to wash the parts bitten by venomous creatures but it is not much regarded at this time, and should be cau- tiously kept out of childrens’ way, for there is a farina in the flower, which is very dangerous if blown in the eyes; the leaves also, if rubbed on the skin, will irritate and cause soreness. AGARIC.—(Agaricus.) Descrip.—This is a fungous substance, of a roundish, angular, unequal shape, from the size of a man’s fist to his 13 14 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. head, white as snow, and mealy when rubbed between the fingers; it has a few fibres, and a ash-coloured rind, the lower part being perforated, with small seeds in the holes, The taste is tirst sweetish, then bitter, acrid, and nause- ous, with a slight astringency. There are a great variety of these excrescences; they differ both in virtue and the sub- stances on which they grow. One kind grows at the foot of oak trees, which is pleasant to eat, weighing from an ounce to two pounds, of a fleshy juicy substance, without pores, dotted on the outside with red, tasting like the meat of a lobster’s claw. It differs in colour, the upper surface is a brown red, the under approaches a buff colour, some- times full of pores, the inner substance is fleshy and suc- culent, streaked with deeper aud paler red. Ihey are about a foot and a half round, apparently nothing but leaves encompassing each other; these fungous leaves are halt an inch thick, all joining in one thick basis, by which it adheres to the stump of an oak tree. It consists of two sorts of fibres; those which frame the outward surface are touyh, and of a ligamentous firmuess, placed horizontally; the others are suft and perpendicular to the first, forming the under surface, which is white and full of pores. Touchwood, or Spunk, is made from another kind of fungus growing on willows, full of minuute pores, covered with a white substance on the under side when fresh, A third kind grows on the trunks of the larch trees. Government and Virtues.—It is under the government of Mercury in the sign of Leo, The best is white, light, and brittle. It evacuates phlegm, and is given in deflux- fons and disorders of the breast, but that only to strong people. It is reckoned a useless medicine, or rather noxi- ous, for it loads the stomach, distends the viscera, creates a nausea, and causes vomiting. Its powder has been pre- ecribed from half a dram to two drams. ALL-HEAL.—(Prumella Vulgaris.) Ir is also called Hercules’ All-heal, and Hercules’ W ound-wort, because it is supposed that Hercules learn- ed the berb and its virtues from Chiron, when he learned physic of him. Descrip,— Its root is long, thick, and exceedingly full of juice, of a hot and biting taste: the leaves are t and \arge, and winged almost like Ash-tree leaves, but that the} are something hairy, each leaf consisting of six pairs * CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL 15 of such wings set one against the other u foot- stal ka, broad below, but eee towards the one of the leaves is a little deeper at the bottom than the other, of a owish, f green colour; they are of a bitterish taste being chewed in the mouth. From among these anseth up a stalk, green in colour, round in form, great and strong in magnitude, five or six feet in altitude, with many joints and some leaves thereat: towards the top come forth umbles of small Keren flowers, after these are passed away, you may find whitish, yellow, sbort flat seeds, bitter also in taste. Place. Having given you the description of the herb from the bottom to the top, give me leave to tell you that there are other herbs called by this name; but because they are strangers in England, I give only the description of this, which is easily to be had in the gardens of divers Time.—Although Gerardsaith, That they flower from the beginning of May to the end of December, experience teacheth them that keep it in their gardens, that it flowers not till the latter end of the summer, and sheds its seed presently after. Government and Virtues.—It is under the dominion of Mars, hot, biting, and choleric ; and remedies what evils Mars afflicts the body of a man with, by sympathy, as vi- pers’ flesh attracts e and the loadstone iron. It kills the worms, helps the gout, cramps, and convulsions ; pro- vokes urine, and helps all joint aches. It helps all cold griefs of the head, the vertigo, falling sickness, the lethar- gy, the wind colic, obstructions of the liver and spleen, stone in the kidneys and bladder. It provokes the terms, expels the dead birth: it is excellent for the griets of the ginews, itch, stone, and tooth-ache, the bite of mad dogs and venomous beasts, and purgeth choler very gently. ALKANET.—(Anchusa Tinctoria.) Besipes the common name, it is called orchanet, and Spanish bugirss, and by apothecaries, enchusa. Descrip.—Of the many sorts of this berl there is but one known to 2 commonly in this nation; of which one takes this description: — It hath a great and thick root ot a reddish colour; long, narrow, hairy leaves, green like the leaves of bugloss, which lie very thick upon the ground ; the stalks rise up compassed round about, thick 16 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. with leaves, which are lesser and narrower than the for mer ; they are tender, and slender, the flowers are hollow, small, and of a reddish colour. Place.—It grows in Kent, near Rochester, and in many laces in the west country, both in Devonshire and rnwall. Time. — They flower in July and beginning of August, and the seed is ripe soon after, but the root is in its prime, pre 3 and parsnips are, before the herb runs up to 8 Government and Virtues.—It is an herb under the do- minion of Venus, and indeed one of her darlings, though somewhat hard to come by. It helps old ulcers, hot in- flammations, burnings by common fire and St. Anthony's fire, by antipathy to Mars; for these uses your best way is to make it iuto an ointment ; also if you make a vin of it, as you make vinegar of rosed, it helps the morphy and leprosy ; if you a ply the herb to the privities, it draws forth the dead chil . It helps the yellow jaundice, spleen, and gravel in the kidneys. . Dioscorides saith, it helps such as are bitten by venomous beasts, whether it be taken inwardly or applied to the wound ; nay, he saith further, if any that hath newly eaten it do but spit into the mouth of a serpent, the serpent instantly dies. It stays the flux of the belly, kills worms, helps the fits of the mother. Its decoction made in wine, and drank, strengthens the back, and easeth the pains thereof. It helps bruises and falls, and is as gallant a remedy to drive out the small pox and measles as any is: an ointment made of it is excellent for green w pricks or thrusts, ADDERS TONGUE.—(Ophioglossum Vulgatum.) Descrip.— This herb hath but one leaf, which grows with the stalk a finger’s length above the ground, being flat and of a fresh green colour ; broad like water plantain, but less, without any rib in it; from the bottom of which leaf on the inside riseth up, ordinarily, one, sometimes two or three slender stalks, the upper » whereof iy somewhat bigger, and dented with small dents of a yel-. lowish green colour, like the tongue of an adder serpent, (only this is as useful as they are formidable). The roots continue all the year. Place.—It grows in moist meadows, and in such like OCULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL 17 Time.—lIt is to be found in May or April, for it quickly perisheth with a little heat. Government and Virtues.—1t is an herb under the do- minion of the Moon and Cancer, and therefore, if the weakness of the retentive faculty be caused by an evil in- fluence in any part of the body e by the moon, or under the dominion of Cancer, this herb cures it by sym- pathy. It cures these diseases after specified, in any part of the body under the influence of Saturn, by antipathy. It is temperate in reapect of heat, but dry in the second degree. The juice of the leaves drank with the distilled water of horse-tail, 2 remedy of all manner of wounds in the breasts, bowels, or other parts of the body and is given with good success unto those that are troubled with casting, Meer or bleeeding at the mouth and or otherwards downwards. e said juice given in distilled water of oaken buds, is very good for boiled in the said oil, is made an excellent neee, not only for and fresh wounds, but also for old an inveterate u especially if a little fine clear t tine digestive, * under the dominion of what pla- 5 7 syd may be fouud in my ephemeris for the 2 I: ors away by the fame of Dr. Reason, and nothing but rational truths left for the ingenious to feed upon. 18 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HFRRAL. AGRIMONY.—(Agrimonia Hupatoria,) Descrip.—This hath divers long leaves, some ater, some smaller, set upon a stalk, all of them, dented about the edges, green above and greyish underneath, and a little hairy withal ; among which ariseth up usually but one strong, round, hairy, brown stalk, two or three feet high, with smaller leaves set here and there upon it. At the top hereof grow many small yellow flowers, one above another, in long spikes, after which come round heads of seed, hanging downwards, which will cleave to and stick — garments, or any thing that shall rub against them. The knot is black, long, and somewhat woody, abiding many years, and shooting afresh every spring; which root, though small, hath a reasonable scent. Place. —It groweth upon banks, near the sides of hedges. Time. —It flowereth in July and August, the seed being ripe shortly after. | Government and Virtues.—It is an herb under Jupiter and the sign Cancer ; and strengthens those parts under the planet and sign, and removes diseases in them by sym- pathy ; and those under Saturn, Mars, and Mercury, by antipathy, if they happen in any part of the body govern- ed by Jupiter, or under the signs Cancer, Sagittary, or Pisces, and therefore must needs be good for the gout, either used outwardly in oil or ointment, or inwardly in an electuary, orsyrup, or concerted juice ; for which see the latter end of the work. It is of a cleansing and cutting faculty, without an manifest heat, moderately drying and binding. It opedteth and cleanseth the liver, helpeth the jaundice, and is very beneficial to the bowels, healing all inward wounds, bruises, hurts, and other distempers. The decoction of the herb made with wine, and drank, is good against the biting and stinging of serpents, and helps them that make foul, trou- bled .or bloody water, and makes them part with clear urine ily ; it also helpeth the colic, cleanseth the breast, and rids away the cough. A draught of the decoction taken warm before the fit, first removes, and in time rids away the tertian or quartan agues. The leaves and seeds taken in wine stays the bloody flux ; outwardly bee being stamped with old swine’s grease, it helpeth old sores, can- cers, and inveterate ulcers, and draweth forth thorns and splinters of wood, nails, or any other such thing gotten CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 19 snto the flesh: it helpeth to strengthen the members that be out of joint; and being bruised and applied, or the juice dropped in, it helpeth foul and imposthumed ears. The distilled water of the herb is good to all the said either inward or outward, but a great deal It is a most admirable remedy for such whose lives are annoyed either by heat or cold. The liver is the former of blood, and blood the nourisher of the body, and agrimony a strengthener of the liver. I cannot stand to give you a reason in every herb why it cureth such diseases: but if you please to peruse my pat in the herb wormwood, you shall find them ; and it will be well worth your while to consider every herb—you shall find them true throughout the AGRIMONY (WATER.)—(Bidens Tripartita.) Ir is called in some countries Water Hemp, Bastard Hemp, and Bastard Agrimony ; Eupatorium and Hipatorium, because it strengthens the liver. Descrip.—The root continués a long time, having many slender strings: the stalk grows oP about two feet igh, sometimes higher ; they are of a dark purple colour : the branches are many, growing at distances the one from the other, the one from the one side of the stalk, the other from the opposite point : the leaves are winged, and much indented at the edges: the flowers grow at the top of the branches, of a brown yellow colour, spotted with black —_ having a substance within the midst of them like of a daisy; if you rub them between your fingers they smell like rosin or cedar when it is burnt : the seeds are long, and easily stick to any woollen thing they touch. Place.—They delight not in heat, and therefore they are not so frequently found in the southern parts of England as in the northern, where they grow frequently. You may look for them in cold grounds by the sides of ponds and ditches, as also by running waters; sometimes you shall find them grow in the midst of the waters. Tima.— They all flower in July or August, and the seed is ripe presently after. Government and Virtues.—It isa plant of Jupiter, as well as the other agrimony, only this belongs to the celes- tial signin Gancer. It healeth and drieth, cutteth anc 90 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. cleanseth thick and tough humours of the breast, and for this I hold it inferior to few herbs that grow ; it helps the cachexia or evil disposition of the y, the dropsy, and yellow jaundice ; it opens the obstructions of the liver, mollifies the hardness of the spleen, being applied out- wardly: it breaks imposthumes, taken in : it pro- vokes urine and the terms: it kills worms, and cleanseth the body of sharp humours, which are the cause of itch and scabs; the herb being burnt, the smoke thereof drives away flies, wasps, &c.: It strengthens the! exceeding- ly. Country people give it to their cattle when they are troubled with the cough, or broken winded. ALEHOOF, on GROUND-IVY.—(Glechoma Hederacea.) SEVERAL counties give it several names, so that there is scarce an herb growing of that bigness, that has got so many. It is ed Cat’s-Foot, Ground-ivy, one 22 Gill-creep-by-ground, Turn-hoof, Hay-Maids, and Alehoof. Descrip.—This well known herb lieth, spreadeth, and creepeth upon the ground, shooteth forth roots at the cor- ners of tender jointed stalks, set with two round leaves at every joint, somewhat hairy, crumbled, and unevenly dented about the hedges with round dents ; at the joints, likewise, with the leaves towards the end of the branches, come forth hollow long flowers, of a blueish le colour, with small white spots upon the lips that hang down. The root is small, with 1 Place.—It is commonly found under hedges and on the sides of ditches, under houses, or in shadowed lanes and other waste lands in almost every part of the land. Time.—They flower somewhat early, and abide a great while ; the leaves continue green until winter, and some- times abide, except the winter be very sharp and cold. Government and Virtues.—It is an herb of Venus, and therefore cures the diseases she causes by sympathy, and those of Mars by antipathy ; you may easily find it all the year, 1 the year be extremely W NN ; itis quick, sharp, and bitter in taste, and is thereby found to be hot and dry; a singular herb for all in wounds, exulce- rated lungs, or other parts, either by itself, or boiled with | other the like herbs ; and being drunk, in a short time it easeth all ing pains, windy and cholerie humours in D ps the yellow jaundice by CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 21 opening the stoppings of the gall and liver, and melancholy, opening the stoppings of the spleen ; expelleth venom or poison, and also the plague: it provokes urine and wo- men’s courses, The # asa se it in wine drank for some time together, procureth ease unto them that are troubled with the sciatica, or hip gout ; as also the gout in the hands, knees or feet; if you put to the decoction some honey and a little burnt alum, it is excellent good to gargle any sore mouth or throat, and to wash the sores ulcers in the privy of man or woman ; it speedily green 8 ing bruised and bound thereto. The juice of it boiled with a little honey and verdigris, wonderfully cleanse fistulas, ulcers, and stayeth the g of cancers and ulcers; it helpeth the and other breakings out in any part of juice of celandine, field daises, and ground- little fine sugar dissolved therein, and yes, is a sovereign remedy for all pains, ing of them ; a Sg “a Bae trey growing over the sight: it helpe n. The juice dropped into the ear wonderfully help the noise and singing of them, and the hearing which is decayed. It is good to tun new drink, for it will clarify it in a night, that it to be drank the next morning ; or if an : thick with removing or any other accident, it wi the like in a few hours, ALEXANDER —(Smyrn ium Olusatrum.) Ir is also called Alisander, Horse Parsley, Wild Parsley, and the Black Pot-herb ; the seed of it is that which is usually sold in apothecaries’ shops for Macedonian parsley- Descrip.—It is usually sown in all the in ae so well eet My that it needs oo esther de- sri ime.—It flowereth in June and July: the seed is ripe in Government and Pirtuss.—It is an herb of Jupiter, and 5 i 1100 be a 5 22 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. be boiled in wine, or bruised and taken in wine, is alsc effectual in the biting of serpents. And you know what Alexander pottage is good for, that you may no longer eat it out of ignorance, but out of knowledge. ALDER (BLAC EK.) — (Alnus Nigra.) Descrip.—This tree seldom groweth to any great bi ness, but for the most part abideth like a hel ae ane tree spreading its branches, the woods of the body being white, and a dark red cole or heart ; the outward bark is of a blackish colour, with many whitish spots therein ; but the inner bark next the wood is yellow, which being chewed, will turn the spittle near into a saffron colour. The leaves are somewhat like those of an ordinary alder- tree, or the female cornet, or Dog-berry tree, called in Sussex dog-wood, but blacker, and not so long : the flowers are white, coming forth with the leaves at the joints, which turn into small round berries first n, afterwards red, but blackish when they are thoroughly ripe, divided as it were into two parts, wherein is contained two small round and flat seeds, The root runneth not deep into the ground, but spreads rather under the upper crust of the earth. Place.—This tree or shrub may be found plentifully in St. John’s wood by Hornsey, and the w on Ham stead-heath ; as also in a wood called Old Park, in Barcom Essex, near the brook’s side. Time.—It flowereth in May, and the berries are ripe in September. Government and Virtues.—It isa tree of Venus, and haps under the celestial sign Cancer. The inner 2 fark tage purgeth downwards both choler and phle and the r bation of such as have the dropsy, ond strengthens the inward parts again by binding. If the bark hereof be boiled with agrimony, wormw dodder, hops, and some fennel with small endive, and succory roots, and a reasonable draught taken every morning for some time together, it is very effectual against the jaundice, dropsy, and the evil disposition of the body, especially if some suitable purging medicines have been taken before, to void the grosser excrements; it purgeth and strength- eneth the liver and spleen, cleansing them from such evil humours and hardness as they are afflicted with. It is · to be understcvd that these im are performed by the dry bark ; for the fresh green bark taken inwardly provokes CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL 23 strong vomitin ins in the stomach, and gripings in the belly ; yet Ff the decoction may stand and intl two or three days, uutil the yellow colour be changed black, it will not work so strongly as before, but will strengthen the stomach, and procure an appetite to meat. The out- ward bark contrariwise doth bind the body, and is helpful for all laxes and fluxes thereof, but this also must be dried first, whereby it will work the better. The inner bark thereof boiled in vinegar isan approved remedy to kill ice, to cure the itch, and take away scabs, by drying them up in ashort time. It is singularly good to wash the teeth, and to take away the pains, to fasten those that are loose, to cleanse them, and keep them sound. The leaves are good fodder for kine, to make them give more milk. In spring-time you use the herbs before-mentioned, and will take a handful of each of them, and to them add a handful of elder buds, and having bruised them all, boil them ina gallon of ordinary beer when it is new; and having boiled them half an hour, add to this three gallons more, and let them work together, and drink a draught of it every morning, half a pint, or thereabouts ; it is an excellent purge for the spring to consume the phlegmatic quality the winter has left behind it, and withal to e your body in health, and consume those evil humours whic the heat of summer will readily stir up. Esteem it as a jewel. | ALDER (COMMON.)—(Alnus Glutinosa.) Descrip.—Groweth to a reasonable height, and spreads much if it like the place. It is so generally well known unto country people, that I conceive it needless to tell that which is no news. Place and Time.—It delighteth to grow in moist woods and watery places; flowereth in April and May, and yieldeth ripe seed in September. Government and Use.—It is a tree under the dominion of Venus, and of some watery sign or other, I suppose Pisces, and therefore the decoction, or distilled water of the leaves, is excellent’ against burnings and inflamma- tions, either with wounds or without, to bathe the place ed with, and especially for that inflammation of the which the vul call an ague. If you cannot get the leaves, which in winter is impos- sible, make use of the bark in the same manner, 24 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. The leaves and bark of the alder tree are cooling, dry- ing, and binding. The fresh leaves laid upon swellings dissolve them, and stay the inflammations. The leaves put under the bare feet galled with travelling, are a great refreshing tothem. The said leaves gathered while the morning dew is on them, and brought into a chamber troubled with fleas, will gather them thereunto, which being suddenly cast out, will rid the chamber of these troublesome bed-fellows. ; AMARANTHUS.—(Amarantus Hypochondriacus. ) CaLLED also Flower-gentle, Flower-velure, Floramor, Velvet-flower, and Prince’s Feather, Descrip.—lt being a garden flower, and well known to every one that keeps it, I might forbear the description ; et, notwithstanding, because some desire it, I give t. It runneth up with a stalk a cubit high, streaked, and somewhat reddish towards the root, but very smooth, di- vided towards the top with small branches, among which stand long broad leaves of a reddish green colour, slippery ; the flowers are not properly flowers, but tufts, v beautiful to behold, but of no smell, of reddish colour ; ou bruise them, they yield juice of the same colour ; be- ing gathered, they keep their beauty a long time: the seed is of a shining black colour. Time.—They continue in flower from August till the time the frost nips them. Government and Virtues.—It is under the dominion of Saturn, and is an excellent qualifier of the unruly actions and passions of Venus, pr, mn should also join with her. The flowers dried and beaten into powder, stop the terms in women, and so do almost all other red things. And by the icon or image of every herb, the ancients at first found out their virtues. Modern writers laugh at them for it ; but I wonderin my heart how the virtue of herbs came at first to be known, if not by their signatures ; the moderns have them from the writings of the ancients ; the ancients had no writings to have them from: but to proceed.—The flowers stop all fluxes of blood, whether in man or woman, bleeding either at the nose or wound. There is also a sort of amaranthus that bears a white flower, which stops the whites in women, and the runnin of the reins in men, and is a most gallant recen and a singular remedy for the pox. CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. | 25 ANGELICA.—(Angelica Archangelica.) To write a description of that which is so well known to be growing almost in every garden, I suppose is altogether needless ; yet for its virtues it is of admirable use. In time of heathenism, when men had found out any ex- cellent herb, they dedicated it to their god, as the bay- tree to Apollo, the oak to Jupiter, the vine to Bacchus, the to Hercules. These the papists following as the pa- i they dedicated to their saints ; as our lady's thistle to the Blessed Virgin, St. John’s wort to St. John, snd another wort to St. Peter, &. Our physicians must imitate like apes, though they cannot come off half so cleverly, for they blasphemously call tansies, or heart’s ease, an herb for the Trinity, because it is of three colours; and a certain ointment an ointment of the Apostles, be- cause it consists of twelve ingredients. Alas! I am sorry for their folly, and grieved at their blasphemy. God send them wisdom the rest of their age, for they have their share of ignorance already. Oh! why must ours be blas- because the heathens and papists were idola- trous? Certainly they have read so much in old rusty authors, that they have lost all their divinity, for unless it were the ranters, I never read or heard of such blasphemy. e heathens and papists were bad, and ours . papists giving names to herbs for their vir- call an derate called it Angelica, because of its angelical virtues, and that name it retains still, and all nations follow it so near as their dialect will permit. Government and Virtues.—It is an herb of the Sun in Leo ; let it be gathered when he is there, the Moon ap- plying to his good aspect ; let it be gathered either in his „or in the hour of Jupiter: let Sol be angular: ob- serve the like in gathering the herbs of other planets, and you 10 pen to do wonders, In all epidemical diseases caused by that is as good a preservative as grows It resists on by defending and comforting the Teast and spirits ; it doth the like against the plague epidemical diseases, if the root be taken in powder to the weight of half a drachm at a time, with some treaclein Carduus water, and the party thereupon laid to sweat in his bed ; if treacle be not to be had, take it alone 3 * 2 26 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. in Carduus water or Angelica water. The stalks or roots candied and eaten fasting, are good preservatives in time of infection ; and at other times to warm and comfort a cold stomach : the root also steeped in vinegar, and a little of that vinegar taken sometimes fasting, and the root smelled unto is good for the same purpose: a water dis- tilled from the root simply, as steeped in wine and dis- tilled in a glass, is much more effectual than the water of the leaves ; and this water drank.two or three spoonfuls at a time, easeth all pains and torments coming of cold and wind, so that the body be not bound ; and taken with some of the root in powder at the beginning, helpeth the pleurisy, as also all other diseases of the lungs and breast, as coughs, phthisic, and shortness of breath; and a syrup of the stalks doth the like. It helps pains of the cholic, the strangury and stoppage of the urine, procureth wo- men’s courses, and expelleth the after birth ; openeth the stoppage of the liver and spleen, and briefly easeth and discusseth all windiness and inward swellings, The de- coction drank before the fit of an ague, that they may sweat, if possible, before the fit comes, will, in two or three times taking, rid it quite away ; it helps digestion, and is a remedy for a surfeit. The juice, or the water being dropped into the eyes or ears helps dimness of sight and deafness: the juice put into the hollow of the teeth easeth their pain. The root in powder, made up into plaister with a little pitch, and laid on the biting of mad dogs or any other venomous creature, doth wonderfully help. The juice or the water dropped, or tents wet there- in, and put into filthy dead ulcers, or the powder of the root, in want of either, doth cleanse and causc them to heal quickly, by covering the naked bones with flesh : the distilled water applied to places pained with the gout, or sciatica, doth give a great deal of ease. The Wild Angelica (Angelica Sylvestris,) may be safely used to all the purposes aforesaid, ANEMONE.—(Anemone Nemorosa.) CaLLED also Wind-flower, because they say the flowers never open but when the wind bloweth. Pliny is my author ; if it be not so, blame him. The seed is if it bears any at all, flies away with the wind. Place and Time.—They are sown usually in the gar- dens of the curious, and flower in the spring-time, As for CULPFPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL 27 description, I shall pass it, being well known to all those that sow them. wy Government and Virtues.—It is under the dominion of Mars, being supposed to be a kind of crow-foot. The leaves provoke the terms mightily, being boiled, and the decoction drank. The body being bathed with the decoc- tion of them, cures the leprosy: the leaves being stam and the juice snuffed up the nose, purgeth the hea mightily ; so doth the root, being chewed in the mouth, for it procureth much spitting, and bringeth away many watery and phlegmatic humors, and is therefore excellent for the | And when all is done, let physicians prate what they please, ull the pills in the dispensary purge not the head like to hot things held in the mouth. ing made into an ointment, and the eye-lids anointed © with be helps inflammations of the eyes; whereby it is ep that every stronger draweth its weaker like. e same ointment is excellent good to cleanse malignant and corroding ulcers. 7 ARRACH (GARDEN.)—(Atriplex Hortensis.) CALtueD also Orach, and 6 r is so commonly known to every house wife, it were ur lost to describe it. Time. —It flowereth and seedeth from June to the end of August. f Government and Virtues,—It is under the government of the Moon: in quality cold and moist like unto her. It softeneth and looseneth the body of man being eaten, and fortifieth the expulsive faculty in him. The herb, whether it be bruised and applied to the throat, or boiled, and in like manner applied, it matters not much, it is excellent for swellings in the throat ; the best way, I suppose, is to boil Le drunk the decoction inwardly, and ap- ply the herb outwardly. The decoction of it besides is an excellent remedy for the yellow jaundice. ARRACH, WILD AND STINKING.—(Atriplez Olida,) Cup also Vulvaria, Dog’s-arrach, Goat’s-arrach, and Stinking Mother-wort. Deserip.—This hath small and almost round leaves, yet a little pointed, and almost without dent or cut, of a dusky mealy colour, growing on the slender stalks and branches 28 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. that spread on the ground, with small flowers in clusters set with the leaves, and small seeds succeeding like the rest, perishing yearly, and rising again with its own sowing. It smells like rotten fish, or something worse. Place.—It grows usually upon dunghills, Time.—They flower in June and July, and their seed is ripe quickly after. Government and Virtues.—Stinking arrach is used as a remedy to help women pained, and almost led with the mother, by smelling to it; but inwardly taken there is no better remedy under the moon for that disease. I would be large in commendation of this herb, were I but eloquent. It is an herb under the dominion of Venus, and under the si cto z ; it is common almost upon every dunghill. e works of God are given freely to man, his medicines are common and cheap, and easy to be found. e the medicines of the College of Physicians that are so and scarce to find.) I commend it for a universal medicine of the womb, and such a medicine as will easily, safely, and ily cure any diseases thereof, as fits of the mother, dislocation, or fulling out thereof: it cools the womb being overheated. And let me tell age: this, and I will tell you the truth—heat of the womb is one of the causes of hard labour in child-birth. It makes women fruitful: it cleanseth the womb if it be foul, and strengthens it exceedingly : it provokes the terms if they be stopped, and stops them if they flow immode- rately ; you can desire 1 to your womb but this herb will effect it ; therefore if you love if you love health, if you love keep a syrup always ou made of the juice of this herb, and sugar, or honey, if it be to cleanse the womb ; and let such as be rich keep it for their poor neighbours, and bestow it as freely as I bestow my studies upon them, or else let them look to answer it ano- ther day, when the Lord shall come to make the inquisi- tion of blood. ARCHANGEL—(Lamium.) To put a gloss upon their practice, the physicians call an a (which country people By ener by the name of the dead nettle) arc el: w. they favour more of superstition or folly, J leave to the judicious reader. There is more curiosity than courtesy to my countrymen used by others in the explanation as well of the names, as CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. bs!) description of this so well known herb; which, that I * — be ary: of, take this short description, first of Descrip.—This hath divers square stalks, somewhat hairy, at the joints whereof grow two sad green leaves dented about the edges, opposite to one another to the lowermost, upon long foot stalks, but without any toward the tops, which are somewhat round yet pointed, anda little crumpled and hairy; round about the upper joints, where the leaves grow thick, are sundry gaping flowers of a pale reddish colour ; after which come the seed three or four in a husk : the root is smaller and thready, perishing every year ; the whole plant hath a strong scent, but not Yellow arc is like the white in the stalks and leaves ; but that the stalks are more straight and upright, and the joints with leaves are farther asunder, having larger leaves the former, and the flowers a little longer and nore gaping, of a fair yellow colour in most, in some paler : the roots are like the white, only they creep not so much ander the nd. Place.— grow almost every where, unless it be in the middle of street ; the yellow most usually in the wet grounds of woods, and sometimes in the drier, in divers counties of this nation. Time.—They flower from the beginning of spring all the summer long. Virtues and u. The archangels are somewhat hot and drier than the stinging nettles, and used with better suc- cess for the stopping and hardness of the spleen, mach using the decoction of the herb in wine, and afterw Mw CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERAAL. applying the herb hot into the region of the spleen as plaister, or the decoction with sponges. Flowers of the white archangel are preserved or conserved to be used to stay the whites, and the flowers of the red to stay the reds in women. It makes the heart merry, drives away melan- choly, quickens the spirits, is good against the quartan agues, stauncheth bleeding at the mouth and nose if it be stamped and applied to the , of the neck ; the herb also e 3 with some salt and vinegar and hog’s- grease laid u 85 a hard tumour or swelling, or that vul- garly called the king’s-evil, do help to dissolve or discuss them: and being in like manner applied, doth much allay the pains, and give ease to the gout, sciatica, and other 1 0 of the joints and sinews. It is also very effectual to eal green wounds and old ulcers ; also to stay their fret - ting, gnawing, and spreading: it draweth forth splinters, and such like things gotten into the flesh, and is very good against bruises and burnings. But the yellow ace is most commended for old, filthy, corrupt sores and ulcers, ea, although they be hollow; and to dissolve tumours. he chief use of them is for women, it being an herb of Venus, and may be found in my Guide for women. ARSSMART.—(Polygonwm.) Taxhot Arssmart is called also Water-pepper, (Polygonum Hydropiper.) The mild Arssmart iscalle Dead Arssmart, 7 eder Maculata, )or Peach wort, because the lea ves are 80 like the leaves of a peach - tree: it also called Plumbago. Descrip. of the Mild. This hath broad leaves at the great red joints of the with semi-circular blackish marks on them usually either blueish or whitish, with such like seed following. The root is long with many strings thereat, perishing yearly ; this hath nos taste (as another sort hath, which is quick and biting) but ra- ther sour like sorrel, or else a little drying, or without Place.—It groweth in watery places, ditches, and the like, which for the most part are dry in summer, Time.—lIt flowereth in June, and the seed is ripe in August. Government and Virtwes.—As the virtue of both these is various, so is also their government; for that which is hot and biting is under the dominion of Mars, but Saturn challengeth the other, as appears by that leaden coloured spot he hath placed upon the leaf. CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. $1 It is of a cooling and drying quality, and very effectual for putrid ulcers in man or beast, to kill worms and cleanse putrefied places. The juice thereof dropped in, or other- wise applied, consumeth all cold swellings, and dissolveth the congealed blood of bruises by strokes, falls, &. A piece of the root, or some of the seeds bruised and held to an aching tooth, taketh away the pain: the leaves bruised and laid to the joint that hath a felon thereon, tuketh it away ; the juice destroyeth worms in the ears, being drop- into them : if the hot arssmart be strewed in a cham- , it will soon kill all the fleas ; and the herb or juice of the cold arssmart put to a horse or other cattle’s sores, will drive away the fly in the hottest day of summer: a good handful of the hot bitter arssmart put under a horse’s saddle, will make him travel the better, although he were half tired before. The mildarssmart is good against all imposthumes and inflammations at the beginning, and to heal all green wounds. All authors chop the virtues of both sorts of arssmart make your — to smart, so will not the cold. If you together you may easily distinguish them, be- cause the mild hath an eye may see their pride without a pair of specta- cles. I have done what T could to distinguish them in the virtues, and when you find not the contrary named, use the cold. The truth is, I have not yet spoken with Dr. Reason, nor his brother, Dr. Experience, concerning either of them. ASARABACA.—(Asarum Europaum.) Descrip.— Asarabaca hath many heads rising from the roots, from whence come many small leaves, every one upou his own foot stalke which are rounder and bigger 82 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. than violet leaves, thicker also, and of a dark green shin- ing colour on the upper side, and of a pale yellow green - underneath, little or nothing dented about the edges, from among which rise small, round, hollow, brown green husks, upon short stalks, about an inch long, divided at the brims into five divisions, very like the cups or heads of the henbane seed, but that they are smaller ; and these be all the flowers it carrieth, which are somewhat sweet be- ing smelled unto, and wherein, when they are ripe, are contained small corned rough seeds, very like the kernel or stones of grapes or raising. The roots are small and whitish, spreading divers ways in the ground, increasing into divers heads: but not running or creeping under the ground as some other creeping herbs do. Ther are some- what sweet in smell, resemb nardus, but more when they are dry than green; and of a sharp but not unplea- 5 It h frequently in gard as. It growet uently ens. f Time.— They keep their leaves green all winter; but shoot forth new in the spring, and with them come forth those heads or flowers which give ripe seed about Mid- summer, or somewhat after. Government and Virtues.—'Tis a plant under the do- minion of Mars, and therefore inimical to nature. This herb being drunk, not only provoketh vomiting, but 4 ay downward, and by urine also, purgeth both cho- er and ee e If you add to it some spikenard, with the whey o eh milk, or honeyed water, it is made more strong ; but it purgeth phlegm more manifestly than cho- ler, and therefore doth much help pains in the a and other parts: being boiled in whey they wonderfully help the obstructions of the liver and spleen, and are therefore profitable for the dropsy and jaundice: being steeped in wine and drank, it helps those continual agues that come by the plenty of stubborn humours: an oil made thereof by setting in the sun, with some laudanum added to it, provoketh sweating, (the ridge of the back anointed there- with) and thereby driveth away the shaking fits of the ague. It will not abide any long boiling, for it loseth its chief strength thereby ; nor much beating, for the finer powder doth provoke vomits and urine, and the coarser purgeth downwards. e common use hereof is to take the juice of five or seven leaves in a little drink to cause vomiting ; the roots CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 83 have also the same virtue, though they do not operate 80 forcibly ; they are very effectual against the biting of ser- . therefore are put in as an ingredient both into ithridate and Venice treacle. The leaves and root be- boiled in lye, and the head often washed therewith ile it is comforteth the head and brain that is ill affected by taking cold, and helpeth the memory. I shall desire ignorant people to forbear the use of the leaves : the roots purge more gently, and may prove bene- ficial tosuch as have cancers, or old putrefied ulcers, or fistulas upon their bodies, to take a dram of them in in a quarter of a pint of white wine in the mom- ag. The truth is, I fancy purging and vomiting medi- cines as little as any man breathing doth, for they weaken nature, nor shall ever advise them to be used unless upon urgent necessity. If a physician be nature’s servant, it is his duty to strengthen his mistress as much as he can, and weaken her as little as may be. ASPARAGUS.—( Asparagus Offcinalis, ) Descrip.—It riseth up at first with divers white and green scaly heads, very brittle or easy to break while they are young, which afterwards rise up in very long snd slen- der stalks, of the bigness of an ordinary riding wand, at the bottom of most, or bigger or lesser, as the roote are of growth ; on which are set divers branches of green leaves, shorter and smaller than fennel, to the top ; at the joints whereof come forth small yellowish flowers, which run into round berries, green at first, and of an ex- cellent red color when they are ripe, showing like bead or coral, wherein are contained exceeding hard black seeds: the roots are dispersed from a spongeous head into man long, thick, and round strings, wherein is sucked ran 8 out of the ground, and increaseth plentifully ASPARAGUS (PRICKLY.)—( Asparagus Sativ us.) Descrip.—It groweth usually in gardens, and some of it grows wild in Appleton meadows, in Gloucestershire, where the poor people do gather the buds of young shoots, and sell them cheaper than our garden asparagus is sold in London. Time.—They do for the most part flower and bear their \ 34 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL berries late in the year, or not at all, although they are housed in winter. Government and Virtues.—They are both under the do- minion of Jupiter. The young buds or branches boiled in ordinary broth, make the belly soluble and open ; and boiled in white wine, provoke urine being stopped, and is good against the strangury, or difficulty of making water ; it expelleth the gravel and stone out of the kid- nies, and helpeth pains in the reins: and boiled in white wine or vinegar, it is prevalent for them that have their arteries loosened, or are troubled with the hip-gout or scia- tica. The decoction of the roots boiled in wine, and taken, is good to clear the sight, and being held in the mouth easeth the tooth-ache ; and 1 fasting several mornings together, stirreth up bodily lust in man or wo- man, whatever some have written to the contrary. The garden asparagus nourisheth more than the wild, yet hath it the same effects in all the aforementioned diseases, The decoction of the roots in white wine, and the back and belly bathed therewith, or kneeling or lying down in the same, or sitting therein as a bath, hath been found ef- fectual against pains of the reins and bladder, pains of the mother and colic, and generally against all pains that happen to the lower parts of the body, and no less ef- fectual against stiff and benumbed sinews, or those that are s by cramps and convulsions, and helpeth the sciatica. ASH TREE.—(Frazinus Excelsior.) Tuts is so well known, that time will be misspent in writing a description of it ; and therefore I shall only in- sist upon the virtues of it. Government and Virtues.—It is governed by the Sun and the young tender tops, with the leaves taken inward- ly, and some of them outwardly applied, are singular good against the biting of an adder, viper, or any other venomous beast ; and the water distilled therefrom being taken, a small quantity every morning fasting, is a singu- lar medicine to those that are subject to the dropsy, or to abate the greatness of those that are too gross or fat. The decoction of the leaves in white wine helpeth to break the stone and expel it, and cure the jaundice, The ashes of the bark of the ash made into lye, and those heads bathed therewith which are leprous, scabby, or scald, they are CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 35 thereby cured. The kernels within the husks, commonly called ashen key, prevail against stitches and pains in the side, proceeding of wind and voiding away the stone, by provoking urine. I can justl 3 against none of this, save only the viz.— That ash- tree tops and leaves are good against the biting of its and vipers. I suppose this had its rise from G. or Pliny, both which hold, that there is such an 2 between an adder and an ash- tree, that if an adder be encompassed around with ash-tree leaves, she would sooner run through fire than through the leaves; the con to which is the truth, as both my eyes are witness, e rest are virtues something likely, only if it be in winter when you cannot get the leaves, you may safely use the bark instead of them. The keys you may easily keep all the year, gathering them when they are rape AVENS, catuzp atso COLEWORT, anp HERB BENNET.—(Geum Herbanum.) yo.—The ordinary avens have many long, rough, dark green winged leaves rising from the root, every one made of many leaves set on each side of the middle rib, the largest three whereof grow at the end, and are snip- ped or dented round about the edges; the other being small pi sometimes two and sometimes more, standing on side of the middle rib underneath them: among which do rise up divers rough or hairy stalks, about two feet high, branching forth with leaves at every joint, not so long as those below, but almost as much cut in on the edges, some into three, some into more. On the tops of the branches stand small, pale yellow flowers, consisting of five leaves, like the flowers of cinque-foil, but large, in the middle whereof standeth a small green herb, which when the flower is fallen, groweth to be sound, bein made of many long purple seeds like grains, which wil stick upon your clothes, The root consists of many brown- ish strings of fibres, smelling somewhat like unto cloves, ially those which grow in the higher, hotter, and drier grounds, and in free and clear air. Flace.— They grow wild in many places under hedges’ sides, and by the path-way in fields ; yet they rather de- light to grow in shadowy than in sunny places. Time.—They flower in May and June for the most vari, and their seed is ripe in July at the farthest. 36 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. Government and Virtues.—It is governed by Jupiter, and that gives hope of a wholesome, healthful herb. It is g for the diseases of the chest or breast, for pains and stitches in the side, and to expel crude and raw hu- mours from the belly and stomach, by the sweet savour and warming quality. It dissolves the inward congealed blood happening by falls or brui and the spitting of blood, if the roots, either green or dry, be boiled in wine and drunk : as also all manner of inward wounds or out- ward, if washed or bathed therewith. The decoction also being drunk, comforts the heart, and strengthens the sto- mach and a cold brain, and therefore is in the spring- time to open obstructions of the liver, and hel e wind colic: it also helps those that have fluxes, or are bursten, or have a rupture: it taketh away spots or marks in the face being washed therewith. The juice of the fresh root, or powder of the dried root, have the same effect as the decoction. The root in the sora tne, stee in wine, doth give it a delicate flavor and taste, an ay | drunk fasting every morning, comforteth the heart, an is a good preservative against the plague or any other poison. It helpeth digestion, warmeth a cold stomach, and openeth obstructions of the liver and spleen. It is very safe; you need have no dose prescribed ; and is very fit to be kept in every body’s house. BALM.—( Melissa Oficinalis.) Tuis herb is so well known to be an inhabitant almost in every garden, that I shall not need to give any descrip- tion thereof, although the virtues which are many, should not be omitted. | Government and Virtwes.—It is an herb of Jupiter, and under Cancer, and strengthens nature much in all its actions. Let a syrup e with the juice of it and sugar 8 you shall be taught at the latter end of this book) be ept in every gentlewoman’s house to relieve the weak stomachs and sick bodies of their poor and sickly neigh- bours ; as also the herb 9 dry in the house, that so with other convenient simples, you may make it into an el- ectuary with honey, according as the di 7 you shal) be taught at the latter end of my book. e Arabian sicians have extolled the virtues thereof to the skies; although the Greeks 3 it not worth mentioning. Seraphio saith, it causeth the mind and heart to become OULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 37 merry, and reviveth the heart, faintings and swoonings, of such who are overtaken in sleep, and driveth away all troublesome cares and thoughts out of the mind, i from melancholy and black choler: which Avicen also confirmeth. It is very good to help digestion, and open obstructions of the brain, and hath so much purging quality in it, —— Avicen) as to a those melancholy vapours from the spirits and blood which are in the heart and arteries, although it cannot do so in other parts of the body. Dioscorides saith, that the leaves steeped in wine, and the wine drank, and the leaves externally applied, is a remedy against the sting of a eth and the biting of mad ; and commendeth the decoction for women to bathe or sit in to procure their courses; it is good to wash aching teeth 83 and profitable for those that have the bloody-flux. The leaves also, with a little nitre or hard ee. in the flesh or throat ; it cleanseth sores, and easeth pains of the gout. It is good for liver and spleen. A tansy or caudle made with eggs, juice thereof, while it is young, mang to some sugar rose-water, is good for a woman in child-bed, when the after birth is not thoroughly voided, and for their faintin n or in their sore travail, The herb bruised and boi a little white wine and oil, and laid warm on a bile, will ripen and break it. BARBERRY.—(Berberis Vulgaris.) Tax shrub is so well known by every boy and girl that has but attained to the age of seven years, that it needs Government and Virtues.—Mara owns the shrub, and 3 it to the use of my countrymen to purge their ies of choler. The inner rind of the barberry tree boiled in white wine, and a quurter of a pint drank every morning, is an excellent remedy to cleanse the body of choleric humours, and free it from such diseases as choler eauseth, such as scabs, itch, tetters, ringworms, yellow 1 &. It is excellent for hot es, burn- ga, i heat of the blood, heat of the liver, bloody flux, for the berries are as good as the bark, and more 38 CULPE PER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. leasing; they get a man a stomach to his victuals, y strengthening the attractive faculty which is under Mars, as you may see more at large at the latter end of my Ephemeris. The hair washed with the lye made of ashes of the tree and water, will make it turn yel- low, viz. of Mars own color. The fruit and rind of the shrub, the flowers of broom and heath, or furze, cleanse the e of choler by nag as the flowers, leaves, and bark of the peach tree do by antipathy ; be- “ause these are under Mars, that under Venus. BARLEY.—(Hordewm Vulgare.) Tux continual usefulness hereof hath made all in general 80 uainted herewith, that it is altogether needless to rv it, several kinds hereof plentifully growing, be- ing yearly sown in this land. The virtues thereof take as followeth. Government and Virtues.—It is a notable plant of Sa- turn ; if you view diligently its effects by niger own h and antipathy, you may easily perceive a reason of them ; as also why barley- bread is so unwholesome for melanchol people. Barley, in all the parts and composition thereof, except malt, is more cooling than wheat, and a little cleansing; and all the preparations thereof, as barley- water and other things made thereof, do give great nour- ishment to persons troubled with fevers, agues, and heats in the stomach, A 7 made of barley-meal or flour boiled in vinegar and honey, and a few dried figs put in them, dissolveth all hard imposthumes, and assuageth inflammations, being thereto applied: and being boiled with melilot and camomile flowers, and some linseed, fe- nugreek, and rue in powder, and applied warm, it easeth pains in the side and stomach, and windiness of the spleen, The meal of barley and flea-worts boiled in water and made a poultice with honey and oil of lilies, and a plied warm, cureth swellings under the ears, throat, and such like; and a plaister made thereof with tar, wax, and oil, helpeth the king’s evil in the throat; boiled with sharp vinegar into a poultice, and laid on hot, helpeth the leprosy ; being boiled in red wine -with pomegranate rind, and myrtles, stayeth the lax or other flux of the belly ; boiled with vinegar and quince, it easeth the pains of the gout: barley flour, white salt, honey, and vinegar mingled together taketh away the itch speedily and cer- OULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL 39 tainly. The water distilled from the green barley, in the end of May, is very good for those that have defluc- tions of humours fallen into their eyes, and easeth the pain being dropped into them; or white bread steeped therein, and bound on the eyes, doth the same. BASIL (GARDEN or SWEET.)—(Ocymum Basilicum.) Descrip.—The greater or ordinary bazil riseth up usually with one upright stalk diversely branching fort on all sides, with two leaves at every joint, which are somewhat broadand round, yet pointed, of a pale green colour, but fresh ; a little snipped about the edges, and of a strong healthy scent. The flowers are small and white, and standing at the tops of the branches, with two small leaves at the joints, in some pluces green, in others brown, after which come black The root perisheth at the approach of winter, and therefore must be sown every year. Place.—It groweth in gardens. _ Time.—It must be sown late, and flowers in the heart of summer, it pene & very tender plant. Government and Virtues.—This is the herb which all authors are together by the ears about, and rail at one another, like lawyers. Galen and Dioscorides hold it not fitting to be taken inwardly, and Chrysippus rails at it with downright Billingsgate rhetoric: Pliny and the Arabian Physicians defend it. or my own part, I presently found that speech true ; Non nostrum inter nos tantas componere lites. And away to Dr. Reason went I, who told me it was an herb of and under the Scorpion, and therefore called basilicon, and it is no marvel if it carry a kind of virulent guality with it. Being applied to the place bitten by venemous beasts, or stung b a wasp or hornet, it speedily draws the poison to it. Hver like draws its like. Mizaldus affirms, that being laid to rot in horse- dung, it will breed venomous beasts. Hilarius, a French physician, affirms upon his own knowledge, that an acquaintance of his, by common smelling to it, had a ore bred in his brain. Something is the matter; this herb and rue will never grow together, no, nor near one another ; and we know rue is as great an enemy to poison as any that grows. Toconclude. It expelleth both birth and after-birth ; \ 40 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. and as it helps the defici of Venus in one kind, so it 2 all her actions in another. I dare write no more of BAY TREE. (Taurus Nobilis.) TEIS is so well known, that it needs no description; I shall therefore only write the virtues thereof, which are many. . Sade and Pirtues.—I shall but only add a word or two to what my friend hath written. viz.— That it is a tree of the Sun, and under the celestial sign Leo, and resisteth witchcraft very pe genom as also all the evils old Saturn can do the body of man, and they are not a few; for it is the speech of one, and I am mistaken if it were not Mizaldus, that neither witch nor devil, thunder nor lightning, will hurt a man where a bay tree is. Galen said, that the leaves or bark do dry and heal much, and the berries more than the leaves; the of the root is less sharp and hot, but more bitter, and hath some astrictions withal, whereby it is effectual to break the stone, and good to open obstructions of the liver, spleen, and other inward parts which bring the jaundice, dropsy, &c. The berries are very effectual against all poisons venomous creatures, and the sting gr and bees, as also against the pestilence, or other infectious diseases, and therefore put into sundry treacles for that purpose. They likewise procure women’s courses; and seven of them peer a Pataca pol — of child · birth, 1 cause a speedy delivery, ex after birth, an therefore not to be taken by such as have not gone out of their time, lest they procure abortion, or cause labour too soon, They wonderfully help all cold and rheumatic distillations from the brain to the eyes, 41 or other 1 — ; and being made into an electuary with honey, do - the consumption, old coughs, shortness of breath, and thin rheums, as also the megrim. They mightily Pea the wind, and provoke urine ; help the mother, and ill the worms. The leaves also work the like effects, A bath of the decoction of the leaves and berries, is singular good for women to sit in that are troub with the mother, or the diseases thereof, or the stoppings of their courses, or for the diseases of the bladder, pains in the bowels by wind and stopping of urine. A decoction like- wise of equal parts of bay berries, cumin-seed, hyssop, CULPEPER’s COMPLETE HEEBAL 41 um, and euphorbium, with some honey, and the bathed therewith, doth wonderfully help distillations rheums, and settleth the palate of the mouth into its The oil made of the berries is very comfortable in cold griefs of the joints, nerves, arteries, stomach, or womb ; and helpeth palsies, convulsions, cramp, trembling, and numbness in any part, weariness and pains that come by sore travailing. All grees pains proceeding from wind, either in the head, A) ai ai in the skin. : | BEANS.—( Vicia Faba.) Bors the garden and field beans are so well known, that it saveth me the labour of writing a description of them, Their virtues follow. | Government and Pirtues.— They are plants of Venus, and the distilled water of the flower of garden beans is to clean the face and skin from spots and wrinkles ; and the meal or flower of them, or the small beans, doth the same. The water distilled from the green husks, is held to be very effectual against the stone, and to provoke urine. Bean flour is used in poultices to assuage inflam- mations rising upon wounds, and the swelling of women’s breasts — by curdiug of their milk, and represseth their milk. Flour of beans and fenugreek mixed with , and 4 to felons, biles, bruises, or blue marks by or the e in the kernels of the ea helpeth them all, and with rose leaves, frankincense, an the white of an egg, being applied to the eyes, helpeth them that are swollen or do water, or have received any blows upon them, if used in wine. If a bean be parted in two, the skin being taken away, and laid on the place where the leech hath been set that bleedeth too much, it stayeth the bleeding. Bean flour boiled to a poultice with wine and vinegar, and some oil put thereto, easeth both pains and swelling of the testicles. The husks boiled in water to the consumption of a third part thereof, stayeth 42 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. a lax, and the ashes of the husks, made up with hog’s grease, helpeth the old pains, contusions, and wounds of the sinews, the sciatica and gout. The field beans have all the afore-mentioned virtues as the garden beans. Beans eaten are extremely windy meat; but if after the Dutch fashion, when they are half boiled you husk them and then stew them, (I cannot tell you how, for I never was cook in all my life) they are wholesome food. BEANS (FRENCH.)—(Phaseolus Vulgaris.) Descrip.—This French or kidney bean ariseth at first but with one stalk, which afterwards divides itself into many arms or branches, but all so weak that if they be not sustained with sticks or poles, they will be fruitless upon the ground. At several places of these branches grow foot stalks, each with three broad, round and point- ed green leaves at the end of them ; towards the top come forth divers flowers made like unto blossom, of the same colour for the most part that the fruit will be of — that is to say, white, yellow, red, blackish, or of a deep purple, but white is the most usual; after which come ong and slender flat pods, some crooked, some straight, with a string running down the back thereof, wherein is flattish round fruit made like a kidney: the root long, spreadeth with many strings annexed to it, and perishet every year. There is another sort of French beans commonly grow- ing tery us in this land, which is called the scarlet flower- This ariseth with sundry branches as the other, but runs higher to the length of hop poles, about which they grow twining, but turning contrary to the sun, having foot stalks with three leaves on each, as on the other; the flowers also are like the other, and of a most orient scarlet colour. The beans are larger than the ordinary kind, of a dead purple colour, turning black when ripe and dry. The root perisheth in winter. Government and Virtues. —These also belong to Dame Venus, and being dried and beat to powder, are as great strengtheners of the kidneys as any are ; neither is therea better remedy than it: a dram at atime taken in white wine, to prevent the stone, or to cleanse the kidneys of gravel or stoppage. The ordinary French beans are of an easy digestion ; they move the belly» provoke urine, en- — — 2 — CULPEPER S COMPI.ETE HERBAL. 43 large the breast that is straitened with shortness of breath, engender sperm, and incite tovenery. And the scarlet-coloured beans, in regard of the glorious beauty of their colour, being set near a quickset hedge, will bravely adorn the same by climbing up thereon, so that they may be discerned a great way, not without admiration of the beholders at adistance. But they will go near to kill the quicksets by clothing them in scarlet. BED-STRAW (LADIES’.)—(Galium Palustre.) Besipes the common name above written, it is called Cheese-rennet, because it performs the same offices ; as also Gallion, Pettimugget, and Maid-hair; and by some Wild . v. — This riseth up with divers small, brown, and square upright stalks, a yard high or more; sometimes branches forth into divers parts full of joints, and with divers very fine small leaves at a one of them, little or nothing rough at all; at the tops of the branches grow many long tufts or branches of yellow flowers, very thick set together, from the several joints which consist of four leaves a piece, which smell somewhat strong, but not un- pleasant. e seed is smalland black like poppy seed, two for the most part joined together. The root is red- dish, with many small threads fastened to it, which take ve as. bags of the ground, and creepeth a little ; and the ing a little down to the ground, take root at the joints thereof, whereby it is easily increased. is another sort of ladies’ bed-straw growing fre- quently in England, which beareth white flowers, as the other «loth yellow ; but the branches of this are so weak, that uuless it be sustained by the edges, or other things near which it groweth, it will lie down to the ground. The leaves a little bigger than the former, and the flowers — at plentiful as these, and the root hereof is also thready Place.—They grow in meadows and pastures, both wet and dry, and by the hedges. Time.—They flower in May for the most part, and the seed is ripe in July and August. Government and Virtues.—They are both herbs of Venus, and therefore strengthening the parts, both inter- nal and external, which she rules. The decoction of the former of those being drank is good to fret aud break 44 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL the stone, provoke urine, saree inward 3 and healeth inward wounds: the herb or flower bruised and t into the nostrils, stayeth their bleeding like wise: the 3 and herb being made into an oil by being set in the sun, and changed after it hath stood ten or twelve days; or into an ointment, being boiled in axunga, or salad oil, with some wax melted therein after it is strain - ed; either the oil made thereof, or the ointment, do help burnings with fire, or scaldings, with water. The same also, or the decoction of the herb and flower, is good to bathe the feet of travellers and lacqueys, whose long run- ning causeth weariness and stiffness in their sinews and joints. Ifthe decoction be used warm, and the joints afterwards anointed with ointment, it helpeth the dry scab and the itch in children; and the herb with the white flower is also very good for the sinews, arteries, and joints, to comfort and strengthen them after travel, cold, d pains. > BEETS.—(Beta.) Or Beets there are two sorts which are best known gene- rally, and whereof I shall principally treat at this time, viz. the tidy and Red coms Seth 2 Nager ‘bath Descrip.—Thecommon White (Beta ; many t leaves next the 2 somewhat large, and of a whitish green colour. e stalk is great, strong, and ribbed, bearing a great store of leaves upon it, almost to the very top of it; the flowers grow in very long tufts, small at the end, and turning down their heads, which are small, pale, greenish yellow buds, giving cornered 1 55 The root is preat, long, and hard, and, when t hath given seed, it is of no use at all. The common Red Beet, (Beet Hortensis,) differeth not from the White, but only it is less, and the leaves and roots are somewhat red. The leaves are differently red, some only with red stalks or veins ; some of a fresh red, and others of a dark red: the root thereof is spongy, and not used to be eaten. Government and Virtues.—The government of these two sorts of beets are far different: the red beet being under Saturn, and the white under Jupiter: therefore take the virtues of them apart, each by itself. The white beet doth much loosen the belly, and is of a cleansin digesting quality, and provoketh urine: the juice of % openath obstructions both of the liver and spleen, and is CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL 45 for the head-ache and swimming therein, and turn- of the brain: and is effectual also against all venom- ous creatures; and applied te the temples stayeth inflammations in the eyes: it helpeth burnings being used without oil, and with a little alum put to it is good for St. Antony's fire. It is good for all weals, pustules, blis- ae blains in the skin : the herb boiled and laid upon ins or kibes, helpeth them: the decoction thereof in water and some vinegar, healeth the itch if bathed therewith, and cleanseth the head of dandruff, scurf, and dry scabs, and doth much good for fretting and running ae ulcers, and cankers in the head, legs, or other 3 = “ob nag commended against baldness and shedding The red beet root is good to stay the bloody fiux, wo- men’s courses, and the whites, and to help the yellow jaundice : the juice of the root put into the nostrils purg- eth the head, helpeth the noise in the ears, and the tooth- ache: the juice snuffed up the nose helps a stinking if the cause lies in the nose, as many times it doth, hag ise had been there ; as also want of smell com- ing way. . BETONY (WATER.)—(Betonica Aquatica.) coma also Brown-wort ; and in Yorkshire, Bishop’s- ves, Descrip.—First, of the water betony, which riseth up with square, hard, greenish stalks, sometimes brown, set with broad dark green leaves dented about the edges with notches, somewhat resembling the leaves of the wood betony, but much larger too, for the most part set at a i The flowers are many, set at the tops of the stalks and branches, being round bellied and opened at the brims, and divided into two parts the uppermost like a hood, and the lowermost like a hip hanging down, of a dark red colour, which passing, there comes in their places small round heads with points at the ends, wherein lie small and brownish seeds. The root is a thick bush of and shreds 1 u the head. Place. —It groweth by the ditch side, brooks, and other water courses generally through this land, and is seldom found far from the water side. Time.—It flowereth about July, and the seed is ripe in August. 46 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. Government and Virtues.— Water betony is an herb of Jupiter in Cancer, and is appropriated more to wounds 5 hurts in breasts than wood betony, which follows; it is an excellent remedy for sick hogs— it is of a cleansing quality. The leaves bruised and applied are effectual for old and filthy ulcers; and ially if the juice of the leaves be boiled with a little 7 — and dipped therein, and sores dressed therewith ; as also for bruises or hurts, whether inward or outward. The distilled water of the leaves is used for the same purpose, as also to bathe the face and hands spotted or Pe or discoloured by sun burning. I confess I do not much f distilled waters, I mean such waters as are distilled cold ; some virtues of the herb they may happily have, (it were a strange thing else) but this I am 3 of, that being distilled in a pewter still, as the vulgar and apish fashion is, both chemical oil and salt is left behind, unless yon burn them, and then all is spoiled, water and all, which was good for as little as can be by such a distillation in my translation of the London Dispensatory. BETONY (WOOD.)—(Betonica Offcinalis.) Descrip.—Common, or wood betony, hath many leaves rising from the root, which are somewhat broad and round at the end, roundly dented about the edges, standing upox long foot stalks, from among which rise up small, square, slender, but upright hairy stalks, with some leaves there- on, toa piece at the joints, smaller than the lower, whereof are set several spiked heads of flowers like la- - vender, but thicker and shorter for the most part, and of a reddish or purple colour, spotted with white spots both in the upper and lower part, the seeds being contained in the husks that hold the flowers, are blackish, somewhat long and uneven. The roots are many white thready strings ; the stalk perisheth, but the roots with some leaves thereon, abide all the winter. The whole plant is say oat ome th f ly in woods and delighteth, ace. It growe equently in w and delightet in shady places. a By Time.—it flowereth in July, after which the seed is quickly ripe, yet in its prime in May. Government and Virtues.—The herb is appropriated to the planet Jupiter, and the sign Aries, Antonius Musa, OULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL 47 ysicien to the Emperor Agustus Cesar, wrote a pecu- iar book of the Virtues of this herb ; and among other virtues saith of it, that it preserveth the liver and body of man from the danger of epidemical diseases, and from witchcraft also: it helpeth those that loathe or cannot i their meat, those that have weak stomachs, or sour hings, or continual rising in their stomach, using it familiarly either green or dry: either the herb or root, or the flowers in broth, drink, or meat, or made into con- serve syrup, water, electuary, or powder, as every one may best frame themselves unto, or as the time or season requireth ; taken any of the aforesaid ways, it helpeth the jaundice, falling sickness, the palsy, convulsions, — of the sinews, the gout, and those that are in- clined to dropsy, those that have continual pains in their heads, although it turn to frenzy. The powder mixed with honey is no less available for all sorts of coughs or . or shortness of breath, distillations of thin rheums upon the lungs, which causeth consump- tions. The decoction made with mead and a little penny- royal, is for those that are troubled with putrid agues, whether quotidian, tertian, or quartan, and to draw down and evacuate the blood and humours, that by falling into the eyes, do hinder the sight: the decoction thereof made in wine, and taken, killeth the worms in the belly, openeth obstructions both of the spleen and liver, eureth stitches and pains in the back or sides, the tor- ments and griping pains of the bowels and the wind cholic : and mixed with honey purgeth the belly, helpeth to bring down women’s courses, and is of special use for those are troubled with the falling down of the mo- ther, and pains thereof, and causeth an easy and opens delivery of women in child-birth. It helpeth also to | There are other sorts of bistort gro in this land, but smaller, both in height, root, and s _ and espe- cially in the leaves. The root is blackish without, and somewhat whitish within ; of an austere binding taste, as the former. Place.—They grow in shadowy moist woods and at the foot of hills, but are chiefly nourished up in gardens. The CULPEPER'S COMPLETE HERBAL. 53 narrow leaved bistort groweth in the north, in Lancashire, Yorkshire, and Cumberland. Time.—They fiower about the end of May, and the seed is ripe about the beginning of July. Government and Virtues.—It belongs to Saturn, and is iu operation cold and dry: both the leaves and roots have a powerful faculty to resist all poison. The root in powder in drink expelleth the venom of the plague, the small-pox, measles, purples, or any other infectious disease, driving it out by sweating. The root in powder, the de- coction thereof in wine being drunk, stayeth all manner of inward bleeding, or spitting of blood, and any fluxes in the body of either man or woman, or vomiting. It is also available against ruptures, or burstings, or all bruises, or dissolving the congealed blood, and easeth the cers. hindereth abortion or in child-bearing. The leaves also kill the worms in children, and is a great help in be added thereto, and outwardly applied, much the gonorrhea, or running of the reins. A dram and purged from the offensive humours. The leaves, seed, or roota, are all very good in decoctions, drinks, or lotions, for inward or outward wounds or other sores ; and the her abr n any cut or wound in a vein, stayeth immoderate bleeding thereof. The decoction of the root in water, whereunto some pomegranate peels and flowers are added, injected into the matrix, stayeth the immoderate flux of the courses. The root thereof with Pellitory of Spain and burnt alum, of each a little quan- tity, beaten small and made into paste with some hone and a little piece thereof 2 into a hollow tooth, or held between the teeth if there be no hollowness in them, stay- eth the defluxion of rheum upon them, which causeth pains, and * A cleanse the head, and void much offen- ive water. distilled water is very effectual to wash 54 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL sores or cankers in the nose or any other part, if the pow- der of the root be applied thereunto afterwards. It is good also to fasten the and to take away the heat and inflammations that happen in the jaws, almonds of the throat and mouth, if the decoction of the leaves, roots, or seeds be bruised, or the juice of them be applied ; but the roots are most effectual to the purposes aforesaid. BITTER SWEET.—(Solanwm Dulcamara.) CaLLxp also Mortal, Woody Nightshade, Felon-wort, and Amara Dulcis. Descrip.—It grows up with wood stalks, even to a man’s height, and sometimes higher. The leaves fall off at the approach of winter, and spring out of the same stalks at spring-time. The branch is compassed about with a whitish bark, and hath a pith in the middle of it; the main branch brancheth itself into many small ones with claspers, laying hold on what is next to them, as vines do, It bears many leaves ; they grow in no order at all, or at least in no regular order. the leaves are long- ish, though somewhat broad, and pointed at the ends; many of them have two little leaves growing at the end of their footstalks ; some have but one, and some none. Place.—It grows commonly in moist and shady places. Time.—The leaves shoot out in March; it flowereth in July, and the seeds are ripe soon after. Government and Virtues.—It is under the planet Mercu- ry. It is to remove witchcraft both in men and beast, as all sudden diseases whatsoever. Being tied about the neck, it is a remedy for the vertigo or dizziness of the head; and that is the reason the Germans hang it about their cat- tle’s necks, when they fear any such evil hath betided them: country i commonly used to take the berries of it, and having bruixed them, they applied them to felons, and thereby soon rid their fingers of such troublesome guests, BLACKBERRY BUSH (THE.)—(Rubus Fruticosus.) Ir is so well known that it needeth no description. The virtues thereof are as follows, Government and Virtues.—It isa plant of Venus in Aries, You shall have some directions at the latter end of the book for the gathering of all herbs and plants, &c. If any ask the reason hips Rib orn is 80 . Tell them tis because she is in house of Mars, e buds, CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 55 leaves, and branches, while they are green, are of good use in the ulcers and putrid sores of the mouth and throat, and of the quinsey, and likewise to heal other fresh wounds and sores; but the flowers and fruits unripe are very binding, and so profitable for the bloody flux, laxes, and are a fit remedy for spitting of blood. Either the decoc- tion or powder of the root being taken is good to break or drive forth gravel and the stone in the reins and kid- neys. The leaves and brambles, as well green as dry, are excellent good lotions for sores in the mouth or secret : the decoction of them and of the dried branches, much bind the belly, and are good for too much flowing of women’s courses: the berries of the flowers are a pow- er ful remedy e the poison of the most venomous ts: as well drank as outwardly applied, helpeth the sores of the fundament, and the piles: the juice of the berries mixed with the juice of mulberries do bind more effectually, and help all fretting and eating sores and ulcers whatsoever. The distilled water of the branches, leaves, and flowers, or of the fruit, is very pleasant in taste, — red in eves 5 e, and hot Beery 8 of the 7, eyes, and other parts, and for the purposes aforesaid. e leaves boiled in lye, and the ell washed therewith, healeth the itch and the running sores thereof, and maketh the hair black. The powder of the leaves strewed on cankers and running ulcers, wonderfully hel to heal them. Some used to condensate the juice of the oe and some the juice of the berries, to keep for their use all the year for the purposes aforesaid. BLITES.—( Amarantus . Blitwm.) ip.—Of these there are two sorts, white and red. The white hath leaves somewhat like unto beets, but smaller, rounder, and of a whitish green colour, every one standing upon a small long foot stalk ; the stalk rises up two or three feet high with such like leaves thereon ; the flowers grow at the topin long round tufts or clusters, wherein are contained small and round seeds: the root is very full of threads or strings. red blite is in all things like the white, but that ita leaves and tufted heads are exceeding red at first, and after turn more purplish, There are other kinds of blites whicn grow, differing from the two former sorts but little, but only the wild are emaller in every part. 66 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. Place.—They grow in gardens, and wild in many places in this land. Time.—They seed in August and September. Government and Virtues.—They are all of them coolin drying, and binding, serving to restrain the fluxes of bl in either man or woman, especially the red; which also stayeth the overflowing of the women’s reds, as the white blite stayeth the whitesin women. It is an excellent se- cret ; you cannot well fail in the use: they are all under the dominion of Venus. out is secu sort 3 ho greens 1 7 the 1 wild ut have long and spi of greenish seeds, seeming by the thick 3 together to be all seed. This sort fishes are delighted with, and it is a good and usual bait, for fishes will bite fast enough at them if you have but wit enough to catch them when they bite. BORAGE.- Oficinalis.) BUGLOSS, —(Borago Oficinalis.) ) —(Lycopsis TuEsz are so well known to the inhabitants in every garden that I hold it needless to describe them. To these I may adda third sort, which is not so common nor yet so well known, and therefore I shall give you its name and description. It is called langue de beus ; but why then should they call one herb by the name bugloss and another by the name oa 1 de beuf? It is some question to me, seeing one signifies ox-tongue in Greek, and the other signifies the same in French, Descrip.—The leaves thereof are smaller than those of bugloss, but much rougher ; the stalks arising up about a foot and a half high, and is most commonly of a red co- lour ; the flowers stand in scaly rough 8 being com- e of many small yellow flowers, not much unlike to ose of dandelions, and the seed flieth away in down as that doth; you may easily know the flowers by their taste, kor they are very bitter. Place. —It groweth wild in many places of this land, and may be plentifully found near London, as between Rotherhithe and Deptford by the ditch side. Its virtues are held to be the same with borage and bugloss, only this is somewhat hotter. ge Pape | flower in June and July, and the seed is ripe shortly | Government and Pirtues.— They are all three herbe of . —1— — eee 1 — ——ů— ü — — CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 57 Jupiter, and under Leo, all great cordials and great strengtheners of nature. The leaves and roots are to very 8 used in putrid and pestilential fevers to de- 1 to resist and to expel the poison or venom of other creatures ; the seed is of the like effects; and the seed and leaves are good to increase milk in wo- men’s breasts: the leaves, flowers, and seed, all or any of them, are to expel pensiveness and melancholy : it helpeth to clarify the blood, and mitigate heat in fevers. The juice made into asyrup prevaileth much to all the purposes aforesaid, and is put with other cooling, opening, and r to open obstructions and help the yellow jaundice; and mixed with fumitory, to cool, cleanse, and temper the blood thereby : it helpeth the itch, ringworms, and tetters, or other spreading scabs and sores. The flowers candied or made into a conserve, are helpful in the former cases, but are chiefly used as a cordial, and ane for those that are weak in long sickness, and to ort the heart and spirits of those that are in a con- sumption, or troubled with often swoonings, or passions of the The distilled water is no less effectual to all the purposes aforesaid, and helpeth the redness and in- flammations of the eyes, being washed therewith: the dried herb is never but the green: yet the ashes thereof boiled in mead or honied water, is available against the inflammations and ulcers in the mouth or throat, to le it therewith : the roots of bugloss are effectual, be- 1 into a mere | electuary, for the cough, and to — phlegm, and the rheumatic distillations upon BLUE-BOTTLE.—( Centaurea Cyanus.) Ir is called Cyanus, I suppose from the colour of it; Hurt- sickle, because it turns the edges of the sickles that reap the corn, Blue-blow, Corn-flower, and Blue-bottle. I shall only describe that which is commonest, and in my opinion most useful: its leaves spread upon the groand, being of a whitish green colour, somewhat on the edges like those of corn scabious, amo which aris- eth up a stalk divided into divers branches beset with lo leaves of a greenish colour, either but very little indented or not at all : the flowers are of a blue colour, from whence it took its name, consisting of an innumerable company of small flowers set in a scaly head, not much unlike those c* 38 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. of knap-weed ; the seed is smooth, bright, and shining, wrapped up in a woolly mantle ; the root perisheth every ear. i Place.—They grow in corn-fields, amongst all sorts of corn, beans, and tares excepted. If you please to take them up from thence and transplant them in your garden, especially towards the full moon, they will grow more double than they are, and many times change colour. Time.—They flower from the beginning of May to the end of harvest. Government and Virtues.—As they are naturally cold, dry, and binding, so they are under the dominion of Saturn. The powder or dried leaves of the blue-bottle, or corn flower is given with success to those that are bruised by a fall, or have broken a vein inwardly, and void much blood at the mouth: being taken in the water of plantain, horse-tail, or the greater comfrey, it is a re- medy against the poison of the scorpion, and resisteth all venoms and poison. The seed or leaves taken in wine, is very good against the plague and all infectious diseases, and is very good in pestilential fevers: the juice put into fresh or green wounds doth quickly solder up the lips of them together, and is very effectual to heal all ulcers and sores in the mouth ; the juice dropped into the eyes takes away the heat and inflammation of them: the distilled water of this herb hath the same properties, and may be used for the effects aforesaid. BRANK URSINE.— (Acanthus Spinosus. ) BesipEs the common name Brank Ursine, it is also called Bear's Breech, and Acanthus, though I think our English names to be more proper; for the Greek word Acanthus signifies any thistle whatsoever. Descrip.—This thistle shooteth forth very many large, thick, sad green smooth leaves upon the ground, with a hive thick and juicy middle rib; the leaves are parted with sundry deep gashes on the edges ; the leaves remain a long time before any stalk appears, afterwards riseth up a reasonable big stalk, three or four feet high, and bravely decked with flowers from the middle of the stalk upwards, for on the lower part of the stalk there is neither branches nor leaf: the flowers are hooded and gaping, being white in colour, and standing in brownish Saks with a Jong small, undivided leaf under each leaf: they seldom seed SS — CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 59 fn our country. Its roots are many, t, and thick, blackish without and whitish within, full of a clammy sap. A piece of them if you set it in the garden, and defend it from the first winter cold, will grow and flourish. Place—They are only nursed up in the gardens in 1 TW where they will grow very well. me.—It flowereth in June and July. Government and Virtues.—It is an excellent plant under the dominion of the moon. I could wish such as are studious would labour to keep it in their gardens: the leaves coy. dee and used in clysters, are excellent good to mollify the belly, and make the e slippery : the decoction drunk inwardly is excellent and good for the bloody flux: the leaves being bruised, or rather boiled, and applied like a poultice, are very good to unite broken bones, and strengthen joints that have been put out; the decuction of either leaves or roots being drunk, and the decoction of leaves applied to the place is excellent good for the king’s evil that is broken aud runneth: for by the influence of the moon it reviveth the ends of the veins which are relaxed ; there is scarce a better remedy to be applied to such places as are burnt with fire than this is, for it fetches out the fire, and heals it without a scar: this is an excellent remedy for such as have ruptures, being either taken inwardly or applied to the place: in like manner used it helps the cramp and the gout : it is excel- lent good in hectic fevers, and restores radical moisture to such as are in consumptions. BRIONY, on WILD VINE.—( Bryonia. ) Ir is called Wild Vine, and Wood Vine, (Brgonia Dioica.) Tamus, or Ladies’ Seal. The white is called White Vine, ta Alba,) and the black, Black Vine, (Bryonia Nigra.) 4 1 een briony groweth rampant upon sending forth many long, rough, ve tender branches at the beginning, with . ood he broad leaves thereon, cut Gor the most part) into five par- titions, in form like a vine leaf, but smaller, rough, and of a whitish hoary green color, spreading very far, and ining with its small claspers (that come forth at the joints with the leaves) very far on whatsoever standeth next to it. At the several joints also, especially towards the top of the branches, cometh forth a long stalk, bear- ing many white flowers together on a long tuft, consisting 60 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL, of five small leaves a-piece laid open like a star, after which come the berries separated one from another, more than a cluster of grapes, green at first and very red when they are thoroughly ripe, of no good scent, but of a very loathsome taste, provoking vomit. The root groweth to be exceeding great, with many long twines or branches going from it, ofa pale whitish colour on the outside, and more white within, and of a sharp, bitter, loathsome taste. Place.—It groweth on banks or under hedges, through this land: the roots lie very deep. . Time.—lIt flowereth in July and August, some earlier, and some later than the other. Government and Virtues.—They are furious martial plants. The root of briony purges the belly with great violence, troubling the stomach and burning the liver, and therefore not rashly to be taken ; but being corrected, is very profitable for diseases of the head, as falling sickness, giddiness and swimmings, by drawing away 3 phl and rheumatic humours that oppress the head, as also the joints and sinews ; and is therefore good for palsies, con- vulsions, cramps, and stitches in the side, and the dropsy, and in provoking urine : it cleanses the reins and kidneys from gravel and stone, by opening the obstruction of the leen, and consumeth the hardness and swelling thereof. e decoction of the root in wine drank once a week at going to bed, cleanseth the mother, and helpeth the rising thereof, and expelleth the dead child; a m of the root in powder taken in white wine bringeth down the courses. An elect made of the roots and honey doth mightily cleanse the chest of rotten phlegm, and wonder- fully helps any old strong cough, to those that are troubled with shortness of breath, and is very for them that are bruised inwardly, to help to expel the clotted or con- gealed blood. The leaves, fruit, and root do cleanse old and filthy sores, are good against all fretting and running cankers, gangrenes, and tetters, and therefore the berries are by some country-people called tetter berries. The root cleanseth the skin wonderfully from all black and blue spots, freckles, morphew, leprosy, foul scars, or other deformity whatsoever : also all running scabs and mangi- ness are healed by the powder of the dried root or t ar thereof, but especially by the fine white hardened uice. The distilled water of the root worketh the same CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 61 effects, but more weakly ; the root bruised and applied of itself to any place where the bones are broken, helpeth to draw them forth, as also splinters and thorns in the flesh ; and being applied with a little wine mixed there- with, it breaketh biles, and helpeth whitlows on the joints. For all these latter, beginning at sores, cankers, &c. apply it outwardly, and take my advice in my translation of the London Dispensatory, among the preparations at the lat- ter end, where you have a medicine called fecula brionia, which take and use, mixing it with a little hog’s grease, or other convenient ointment. As for the former diseases where it must be taken in- wardly, it purgeth very violently, and needs an abler hand to correct it than most country people have; there- fore it is a better way for them, in my opinion, to let the simple alone, and take the compound water of it BROOK-LIME, on WATER PIMPERNEL.—(Vero- nica Becabung.) Descrip.—This sendeth forth from a creeping root that shooteth forth strings at every joint as it runneth, divers and sundry green stalks, round and sappy, with some branches on them, somewhat broad, round, deep green and thick leaves set by couples thereon ; from the bottom whereof shoot forth long foot-stalks with sundry small blue flowers on them, consist of five round pointed leaves a-piece. There is another sort nothing differing from the former — it is greater, and the flowers are of a paler green Place,—They grow in small standing waters, and usual- ly near water-cresses. Time.—And flower in June and July, giving seed the next month after. Government and Virtues.—It is a hot and biting martial t. Brook- lime and water-cresses are generally used er in diet drink with other things serving to purge the blood and body from all ill humors that would destroy health, and are helpful to the scurvy. They do all pro- voke urine, and help to break the stone and pass it away; women’s courses, and expel the dead child, fried with butter and vinegar, and applied warm, it helpeth all manner of tumours swellings, and in- flammations. 62 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL Such drinks ought to be made of sundry herbs accord- ing to the malady. I shall give a plain and easy rule at the latter end of this book. BUTCHER'S BROOM.—(Ruseus Aculeatus.) Ir is called Ruscus, and Bruscus, Kneeholm, Knee-Holy, Kneehulver, and Pettigree. Descrip.—The first shoots that sprout from the roots of butcher’s broom are thick, whitish, and short, somewhat like those of asparagus, but greater, they rising up to be a foot and a half high, are spread into divers brauches, green, and somewhat cressed with the roundness, tough and flexibie, whereon are set somewhat broad and almost round hard leaves, prickly, pointed at the end, and of a dark green colour ; two for the most part set at a place very close and near together: about the middle of the leaf, on the back and lower side from the middle rib, breaketh forth a small whitish green flower, consisting of four small round pointed leaves standing upon little or no foot-stalk, and in the place whereof cometh a small round berry, green at the first and red when it is ripe, wherein are two or tbree white, hard round seeds contained. The root is thick, white, and great atthe h and from thence sendeth forth divers thick, white, long tough strings. Place.—It groweth in copses, and upon heaths and | pe grounds, and oftentimes under or near the holly ushes. Time. — It shooteth forth its young buds in the spring, and the berries are ripe about September, the branches of leaves abiding green all the winter. \ Government and Virtues.—It is a plant of Mars, being of a gallant cleansing and opening quality. The decoction of the root made with wine openeth obstructions, pro- voketh urine, helpeth to expel gravel and the stone, the 0 ba and women’s courses, also the yellow jaundice d the head ache: and with some honey or sugar put thereunto, cleanseth the breast of phlegm, and the chest of such clammy humours ee therein. The decoc- tion of the root drank, and a poultice made of the berries and leaves being applied are effectual in knitting and con- solidating broken bones or out of joint. The com- mon way of using it is to boil the root, and parsley, fennel, and smallage in white wine, and drink the decoction, CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL 63 adding the like quantity of grass root to tivm: the more of the root you boil the stronger will the decoction be ; it works no ill effects, yet I hope you have wit enough to give the strongest decoction to the strongest bodies. BROOM, on BROOM-RAPE.—(Orobanche Major.) To d time in writing a description hereof is altogether —— it being so generally used by all the good house- wives almost throughout this land to sweep their houses with, and therefore very well known to all sorts of people. The broom- rape springeth up on many places from the roots of the broom, but more often in fields, as by hedge- sides and on heaths: the stalk whereof is of the bigness of a finger or thumb, above two feet high, having a show of leaves on them, and many flower at the tops of a reddish yellow colour, as also the stalks and leaves are. Place. They grow in many places of this land com- monly, and as commonly spoil all the land they grow in. Time.—They flower in the summer months, and give their seed before winter. ) Government and Virtues.—The juice or decoction of the young branches, or seed, or the powder of the seed taken in drink purgeth downwards, and draweth phlegmatic and watery humours from the joints, whereby it helpeth the dropsy, gout, sciatica, and pains of the hips and joints ; it also provoketh strong vomits, and helpeth the pains of the sides, and swelling of the spleen ; cleanseth also the reins or kidneys, me bladder of the stone, provoketh urine abundantly, and hindereth the growing again of the stone inthe body. The continual use of the powder of the leaves and seed doth cure the black jaundice: the distilled water of the flowers is profitable for all.the same : it also helpeth surfeits, and altereth the fit of agues, if three or four ounces thereof with as much of the water of the lesser centaury, and a little sugar put there- in, be taken a little before the fit cometh, and the y be laid down in his bed: the oil or water that is drawn from the end of the n sticks heated in the fire, helpeth the tooth-ache : the juice of young branches made into an ointment of old hog’s grease, and anointed, or the youn branches bruised and heated in oil or hog’s grease, an laid to the sides pained by wind, asin stitches or the easeth them in once or twice using it: the same boiled in oil is the safest and surest medicine to kill lice 64 CULPEP#R’S COMPLETE HERBAL. in the head or body, if any: and is an especial remedy for joint-aches and swollen knees, that come by the falling down of humours. The broom-rape also is not without its virtues. The decoctinn thereof in wine is thought to be as effec- tual to void the stone in the kidneys and bladder, and to provoke urine as the broom itself; the juice thereof is a singular good help to cure as well green wounds as old and filthy sores and malignant ulcers; the insolate oil, wherein there hath been three or four repetitions of infu- sions of the top stalks, with flowers strained and denen. cleanseth the skin from all manner of spots, marks, an freckles that riseth either by the heat of the sun or tha malignity of the humours. As for the broom and broom rape, Mars owns them: they are exceedingly prejudicial to the liver ; I suppose by reason of the as between Jupiter and Mars, therefore if the liver dbaff ected, minister none of it. BUCK’S-HORN PLANTAIN.—(Plantago Coronopus.) Descrip.—This being sown of seed, riseth up at first with small, long, narrow, hairy, dark green leaves like without any division or gash in them ; but those that follow are 8 in on both sides, the leaves into three or four gashes, and pointed at the ends, resemblin the knags of a buck’s horn, (whereof it took its name and being well ground round about the root upon the und, in order one by another, thereby resembling the orm of a star, from among which rise up divers * stalks about a hand’s th high, bearing every one a long, small, spiky head, like those of the common plan- in, having such like bloomings and seed after them. jor root is single, long, and small, with divers strings at it. Place.—They grow in sandy grounds as in Tothillfields, by eee divers other places of this lanßc. Time. They flower and seed in May, June, and July, and their green leaves do in a manner abide fresh all the winter. Government and Virtues.—It is under the dominion of Saturn, and is of gallant, drying, and binding quality. This boiled in wine, and drunk, and some of the leaves t to the hurt eres de excellent remedy for the bit- Sa 6h tha Vigte 8 „ which I take to be one and the CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 65 same. The same being also drunk, helpeth those that are troubled with the stone in tho reins or kidneys, by cool- ing the heat of the parts afflicted, and strengthening them ; also weak stomachs that cannot retain but cast up their meat. It stayeth all bleeding both at the mouth and nose, bloody urine, or the bloody flux, and stoppeth the lax of the belly and bowels. The leaves , . and laid to their sides that have an ague, suddenly easeth the fit ; and the leaves and roots being beaten with some bay salt, and ied to the wrists, worketh the same effects. The herb boiled in ale or wine, and given for some mornings and evenings er, stayeth the distillation of hot and rheums falling into the eyes from the head, and helpeth all sorts of sore eyes. BUCKTHORN.—/( Rhamnus Catharticus.) Ir is called Harts-horn, Herba-stellaria, Sanguinaria, Herb-eve, Herb-ivy. Wort-cresses, and Swine-cresses. Descrip.—They have many small and weak straggling branches trailing here and there upon the pes the leaves are many, small, and jagged, not much unlike to those of buck’s horn plantain, but much smaller and not so hairy: the flowers grow among the leaves in sm rough, whitish clusters: the seeds are much smaller an 3 — 51 a bitter yaya x They grow in dry, barren sandy grounds. 2 They — and seed when the rest of the pian- Government and Virtues.—This is also under the domi- nion of Saturn; the virtues are held to be the same as buck’s- horn plantain, and therefore by all authors it is joined with it: the leaves bruised and applied to the place, stop ing; the herb bruised and applied to warts, wi make consume and waste away in ashort time. BUGLE.—( Ajuga Reptans.) Bestpzs the name bugle, it is called middle confound and middle comfrey, brown bugle, and by some sickle-wort and herb-carpenter ; though in Essex we call auother herb by that name. Deserip.—This hath larger leaves than those of the self- heal, but else of the same fashion, or rather longer, in some green on the upper side, and in others more brown - ish, dented about the edges, somewhat hairy, as the equare 66 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL stalk is also, which riseth up to be half a yard high some- times, with the leaves set by couples from the middle al- most, whereof upward stand the flowers, together with many smaller and browner leaves than the rest on the stalk below set at a distance, and the stalk bare betwixt hem ; among which flowers are also small ones of a blue- ish and sometimes of an ash colour, fashioned like the flowers of ground-ivy, after which come small, round, blackish seeds: the root is composed of many strings, and spreadeth upon the ground. The white flowered bugle differeth not in form or t- ness from the former, saving that the leaves and stalk are always green, and never brown like the other, and the flowers thereof are white. Piace.—They grow in woods, copses, and fields gene- rally throughout England, but the white flowered bugle is not so plentiful as the former. ! Time.—They flower from May until July, and in the meantime perfect their seed: the roots and leaves next thereunto upon the ground abiding all the winter. Government and Virtues.—This herb belongeth to Dame Venus: if the virtues of it make you fall in love with it, (as they will if you be wise) keep a syrup of it to take in- wardly, and an ointment and plaister of it to use out- wardly, always by you. The decoction of the leaves and flowers made in wine, and taken, dissolveth the congealed blood in those that are bruised inwardly iy a fall or otherwise, and is very effectual for any inward wounds, ree or stabs in the body or bowels ; and isan especial help in all wound- drinks, and for those that are liver-grown, as they call it, It is wonderful in curing all manner of ulcers anu sures, whether new and fresh, or old and inveterate ; en, — grenes and fistulas al o, if the leaves bruised and applied, or their juice be used to wash and bathe the place, aud the same made into a lotion aud some honey and alum, cureth all sores in the mouth and gums, be they ever so foul or of long continuance; and worketh no less power- fully and etfectually for such uleers and sores as happen in the secret parts of men and women. Being also taken inwardly, or outwardly applied, it helpeth those that have broken any bone, or have any member out of joint. An ointment made with the leaves of bugle, scabious and sanicle bruised and boiled in hog’s grease until the herbs CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 67 be dry, and then strained into a pot for such occasions as shall require ; it is so singular good for all sorts of hurts in the body, that none that know its usefulness will ever be without it. The truth is, I have known this herb cure some dis- eases of Saturn, of which I thought good to quote one. Many times such as give themselves much to drinking are troubled with strange fancies, strange sights in the ight time, and some with voices, as also with the disease altes or night-mare. I take the reason of this to be according to Fernelius) a melancholy vapour made thin excessive drinking strong liquor, and so flies up and disturbs the fancy, and breeds imaginations like itself, viz.—fearful and troublesome ; these I have known cured es. only two spoonfuls of the syrup of this herb supper two hours, when you go to bed. But whe- ther this does it by sympathy or antipathy is some doubt in astrology. I know there is a great antipathy between Saturn and Venus in matter of procreation ; yea, such an one, that the barrenness of Saturn can be removed by none but Venus; nor the lust of Venus be repelled by none but Saturn, but I am not of opinion this is done this way, and my reason is, because these vapours, though in quality melancholy, yet by their flying upward seem to be somewhat aérial ; therefore I rather think it is done 97 3 Saturn being exalted in Libra in the house enus. BURNET.—(Pimpinella Saxifraga.) Ir is called Sanguisorbia, Meadow Pimpinel, Solbegrella, Ke. The common garden burnet is so well known that it needeth no description. } Descrip.— The great wild burnet hath winged leaves rising from the root like the garden burnet, but not so many ; yet each of these leaves are at the least twice as large as the other, and nicked in the same manner about the edges, of a greyish colour on the ander side ; the stalks are greater aud rise higher, with many such like leaves thereon, and greater heads at the top of a brownish co- lour, and out of them come small dark purple flowers like the former, but great also. It hath almost neither scent nor taste therein, like the garden kind. Place.—The first grows frequently in gacdens. The wild kind groweth in divers counties of this island, es- 68 CULPEPER’S COMPLKTE HERBAL pecially in Huntingdon and Northamptonshire, in the meadows there ; as also near London by Pancras church, and by a causeway-side in the middle of a field by Paddington. Time.—They flower about the end of June and begin- ning of July, and their seed is ripe in August. ment and Virtues.—This is an herb the Sun challengeth dominion over, and is a most precious herb, little inferior to betony : the continual use of it preserves the body in health and the spirit in vigour; for if the sun be the preserver of life under God, his herbs are the best in the world to do it. They are accounted to be both of one property, but the lesser is more effectual, be- cause quicker and more aromatical. It is a friend to the heart, liver, and other principal parts of a man’s body. Two or three of the stale with leaves put into a cup of wine, especially claret, are known to quicken the spirits, refresh and clear the heart, and drive away melancholy. It is a special help to defend the heart from noisome va- pours, and from infection of the pestilence, the juice there- of being taken in some drink, and the party laid to sweat thereupon. They have also a drying and an astringent quality, whereby they are available in all manner of uxes of blood or humours, to staunch bleedings inward or outward, laxes, scourgings, the bloody-flux, women’s too abundant flux of the courses, the whites, and the cho- leric belchings and castings of the stomach, and is a singular wound herb for all sorts of wounds both of the head and body, running cankers, and most sores, to be used either by the juice or decoction of the herb, or by the powder of the herb or root, or the water of the dis- tilled herb or ointment by itself, or with other 3 to be kept; the seed is also no less effectual both to fluxes, and to dry up moist sores, being taken in 3 inwardly in wine or steeled water, that is, wherein hot gads of steel have been quenched : or the powder, or the seed mixed with the ointment. ‘ BUTTER-BUR.—(Tussilago Hybrida.) Descrip.—This riseth up in February, with a thick stalk about a foot high, whereon are set a few small leaves, or rather pieces, and at the tops a long spike head; nowers of a bl or deep red colour, according to the soil where it groweth, and before the stalk with the CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 69 flowers have abode a month above ground it will be withered and gone, and blown away with the wind, and the leaves will begin to spring, which being full grown are very large and broad, being somewhat thin and almost round, whose thick red foot stalks above a foot long, stand towards the middle of the leaves ; the lower part ing divided into two round parts close almost one to , and are of a pale green colour, and hairy under- neath * the root is long, and spreadeth ere een some places no bigger one's finger, in others — bigger, blackish on the outside, and whitish with- in, of a r and unpleasant taste. Place and Time.—They grow in low and wet grounds by rivers and water-sides ; their flowers, as is said, rising and decaying in February and March before their leaves, which appear in April. Government and Virtues.—It is under the dominion of the Sun, and therefore is a great strengthener of the heart — cheerer of 7 eg er : the ee are py experience found to be very available against the plague and ilential fevers, by provoking sweat: if powder thereof be taken in wine, it also resisteth the force A nec Al other poison : Ans 0 Sr. 33 and angelica, or without them, helps the rising o the mother: the decoction of the root, in wine, is singu- lar good for those that wheeze much, or are short-wind- ed. It a urine also, and women’s courses, and killeth the flat and broad worms in the belly. The pow- der of the root doth wonderfully help to dry up the moisture of the sores that are hard to be cured, and taketh away all spots and blemishes of the skin. It were well 1 would keep this root preserved to help poor neighborus. It is fit the rich should help the poor, for the poor cannot help themselves, BURDOCK.—(Aretium Lappa.) Ir is also called Personata, and Happy-Major, Great and Clot-bur : it is so well 2 * by the little boys, who pull off the burs to throw at one another, — 2 to write any description of it. 2 w plentifully by ditches and water- sore hay by ways almost every where through Government and Virtues.—Venus challengeth this herb 70 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL for her own: and by its leaf or seed you may draw the womb which way you please, either upward by applying it to the crown of the head in case it falls out ; or down- wards in fits of the mother, by applying it to the soles of the feet: or if you would stay it in its place, apply it to the navel, and that is one good way to stay the child in it. See more of it in my Guide for Women. The Burdock leaves are cooling, moderately drying, and discussing withal, whereby it is good for old ulcers and sores. A dram of the roots taken with pine kernels, helpeth them that spit foul, mattery, and bloody phlegm. The leaves applied to the places troubled with the shrink- ing in of the sinews or arteries, give much ease: the juice of the leaves, or rather the roots themselves, given to drink with old wine, doth wonderfully cae the bitin of any serpents; the root beaten with a little salt, an laid on the place, suddenly easeth the pain thereof, and helpeth those that are bit 5 a mad dog : the juice of the leaves being drunk with honey, provoketh urine and re- medieth the pain of the bladder: the seed being drunk in wine forty days together, doth wonderfully help the scia- tica: the leaves bruised with the white of an egg and ap- plied to any place burnt with fire, taketh out the fire, gives sudden ease, and heals it up afterwards ; the de- coction of them fomented on any fretting sore or canker, stayeth the corroding quality, which must be afterwards anointed with an ointment made of the same liquor, hog’s eres nitre, and vinegar boiled together. The root may preserved with sugar, and taken fasting or at other times for the same purposes, and for consumptions, the stone, and the lax. The seed is much commended to break the stone, and cause it to be expelled by urine, and is often used with other seeds and things for purpose. CABBAGES.—(Brassica Capitata.) COLEWORTS.— (Brassica eae I sHALL spare labor in writing a description of these, since almost every one that can but write at all may describe them from his own knowledge, they being so well known that descriptions are altogether needless. Place.—They are generally planted in gardens, Time.—Their flower time is towards the middle or end of July, and the seed is ripe in August. Government and Virtues.—The cabbages or coleworts boiled gently in broth, and esten, do open the body, but CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL, 71 the second decoction doth bind the body. The juice thereof drunk in wine helpeth those that are bitten by an adder, and the decoction of the flowers bringeth down women’s courses ; being taken with honey it recovereth hoarseuess or loss of the voice. The often eating of them well boiled helpeth those that are entering into a con- sumption. e pulp, or the middle ribs of coleworts boiled in almond milk, and made up into an electuary with honey, being taken often is very protitable for those that are and short winded. Being boiled twice, and an old cock being boiled in the broth and drunk, it help- eth the pains, and the obstruction of the liver and spleen, and the stone in the kidneys. The juice boiled with honey, and dropped into the corners of the eyes, cleareth the sight by consuming any cloud or film 88 to dim it: it also consumeth the canker growing therein. The- are much commended being eaten before meat to keep one from surfeiting, as also from being drunk with too much wine, or quickly makes a man sober that is drunk before ; for, as they say, there is such an anti thy or enmity between the vine and the coleworts, that one will die where the other groweth. The decoction of coleworts taketh away the pain and ache, and allayeth the swellings of sore and gouty legs and knees, wherein many gross and watery humours are fallen, the place being bathed therewith warm. It helpeth also old and filthy sores being bathed therewith, and healeth all small pushes, and wheals that break out in the skin : the ashes of colewort stalks mixed with old hog’s grease, are very effectual to anoint the sides of those that have had long 7 therein, or any other = ag pained with melancholy and windy humours. is was certainly A god, and therefore he wrote a whole volume about and their virtues, and that none of the least neither, for he would be no small fool: he D them to every part of the body, and to every disease in every part: and honest old Cato, they say, used no other physic. I know not what metal there bodies were made of ; this I am sure, cabbages are extremely windy whether take them as meat or as medicine; yea, as windy meat as can be eaten, unless you eat bag-pipes or bellows, and they are but seldoro ate in our days; and colewort flowers are something more tolerable, and the wholesomer food 0 * two: the moon challengeth the dominion of the herb. 72 OULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL OOLEWORTS (THE SEA.)—(Brassica Marina) Descrip.—This hath divers somewhat long and broad, large, and thick wrinkled leaves somewhat crumpled about the edges, and yrowing each upon a foot-stalk, ver brittle, of a greyish green colour, from among which riseth up a strong thick stalk two feet high and better, with some leaves thereon to the top, where it branches forth much ; on every branch standeth a large bush of pale whitish flowers, consisting of four leaves a-piece: the root is somewhat great, shooteth forth many branches vat en . keeping the yt 9h all nai winter. They grow in many p upon the sea coasta, as well on the Kentish as 5 1 ; as at Lid, in Kent, Colchester, iu Essex, and divers other places, and in other counties of this land. Time. — They flower and seed about the time that other kinds do. Government and Pirtues.— The Moon claims the do- minion of these also. The broth, or first decoction of the sea colewort doth by the sharp, nitrous, and bitter quali- ties therein, open the belly, A e the body; it cleanseth and digests more powerfully than the other kind : the seed hereof bruised and drunk, killeth worms ; the leaves or yea of them applied to sores or ulcers eleanseth and healeth them, and dimol veth swellings, and - taketh away inflammations. | CALAMINT.—(IMelissa Calaminta.) Descrip.—This is a small herb, seldom mene above a foot high, with square, hairy, and woody ks, and two small hoary leaves set at a joint, about the bigness of marjorum, or not much bigger, a little dented about the edges, and of a very fierce or quick scent, as the whole herb is ; the flowers stand at several spaces of the stalks from the middle almost upwards, which are small and gaping like to those of mints, and of a pale blueish colour ; after which follow small, round, blackish seed: the root is small and woody, with divers small strings spreading within the ground, and dieth not, but abideth many years. 1 Place.— It groweth on heaths and uplands, and grounds in many places of this land. 0 Time. —Tbey flower in July, and their seed is ripe quickly after. CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL 73 Government and Virtues.—It is an herb of Mercury, and a strong one too, therefore excellent good in all afflic- tions of the brain ; the decoction of the herb being drank bringeth down women’s 2ourses, and provoketh urine: it is profitable for those that have ruptures, or troubled with convulsions or cramps, with shortness of breath or choleric torments and pains in their bellies or stomach : it also helpeth the yellow jaundice, and stayeth vomitin being taken in wine: taken with salt and honey it kille all manner of wounds in the body. It helpeth such as have the leprosy, either taken inwardly, drinking whey after it, or the green herb outwardly applied: it hinder- eth conception in women; but either burnt or strewed in a chamber it driveth away venomous serpents ; it takes away black and blue marks in the face, and maketh black sears become well coloured, if the green herb (not the ee peeen te wine and Inid $0 the p or the place washed therewith. Being applied to thé buckle-bone, by continuance of time it spends the humours which canset the pain of the sciatica: the juice being dropped into the ears, killeth the worms in them; the leaves boiled in wine, and drank, provoke sweat, and open obstructions of the liver and spleen. It . them that have a tertian ague (the body being purged), by taking away the cold fits; the decoction hereof, with some su put thereto afterwards, is very profitable for those that are troubled with the overflowing of the gall, and that have an old cough, and that are scarce able to breathe by shortness of their wind, that have any cold distemper in their bowels, and are troubled with the hardness of the * for all which purposes both the powder, called uminthes, and compound syrup of calamint (which are to be had at the apothecaries) are the most effectual. Let not women be too busy with it, for it works very violently upon the feminine part. CAMOMILE.—(Anthemis Nobilis.) Ir is so well known every where, that it is but lost time and labour to describe it; the virtues thereof are aa decoction made of camomile, taketh away all pains the side: the flowers of camomile beaten made up into balls with oil, drive away all sorta of agues, if the part grieved be anointed with that oil, 74 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. taken from the flowers, from the crown of the head to the sole of the foot, and afterward laid to sweat in bed, and he sweats well; this is Nechessor, an Egyptian’s medicine. It is profitable for all sorts of agues that come either from phl or melancholy, or from an inflamma- tion of the bowels, being applied when the humours caus- ing them shall be Arvest : and there is nothing more profitable to the sides and region of the liver and spleen than it: the bathing with a decoction of camomile taketh away weariness, easeth pains to what parts soever the be applied. It comforteth the sinews that be over-strain molll Beth all swellings: it moderately comforteth all parts that have need of warmth, digesteth and dissolveth what- soever hath need thereof by a wonderful speedy property ; it easeth all the pains of the colic and stone, and all pains and torments of the belly, and gently provoketh urine. The flowers boiled in posset-drink provoke sweat, and help to en all colds, aches and pains whatsoever : is an excellent help to bring down women’s courses, Syrup made of the juice of camomile, with the flowers in white wine, is a remedy against the jaundice and dropsy: the flowers boiled in lee, are good to wash the head and com- fort both it and the brain: the oil made of the flowers of camomile is much used against all hard swellings, pains or aches, shrinking of the sinews, ag or pains in the joints, or any other part of the body. Being used in clysters, it helps to dissolve the wind and co in the wn ; anointed also, it helpeth pains and stitches in the sides. Nechessor saith the Eg dedicated it to the Sun, because it cured agues, and they were like enough to do it, for they were the arrantest apes in their religion I ever read of. Bachinus, Bena, and Lobel commend the syrup made of the juice of it and sugar, taken inwardly, to be excellent for the spleen. Also this is certain, that it most wonderfully breaks the stone; some take it in p or decoction, others inject the juice of it into the bladder with a syringe. My opinion is that the salt of it taken half a drachm in the morning, in a little white or rhenish wine, is better than either. That it ie excellent for the stone appears in this which I have seen tried, viz.,—That a stone that hath been taken out of the body of a man, being wrapped in camomile, will in time dis- solve, and in a little time too. CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL 8 CALTROPS (WATER) —(Trapa Naians.) Tnxr ae Ng cng also 8 Aquaticus, eren Lacu- i us Marinus, trop, Saligos, Water Nuts and Water Chestnut. . Desorip.— As for the greater sort of water caltrop, it is not found here, or very rarely : two other sorts there are, which I shall here describe. The first hath a long creeping and jointed root, sending forth tufts at each joint, from which joints arise long, flat, slender-knotted stalks, even to the top ene water, N ure * 1 poy branches, carrying two leaves on both sides, bei about two inches long and half an inch broad, thin cae almost oa age look as if they were torn; the flowers are long, thick, and whitish, set together almost like a bunch of grapes, which being gone, there succeeds for the most part sharp pointed grains altogether, con- taining a small white kernel in them. The second differs not much from this, save that it delights in more clear water ; its stalks are not flat, but round ; its leaves are not so long, but more pointed, As for the place we need not determine, for their name showeth they grow in the water. Government and Virtues.—They are under the dominion of the Moon, and being made into a poultice, are excellent good for hot inflammations, swellings, cankers, sore mouths and throats, meng washed in the decoction. It cleanseth —— hich, — — ** : h an thet sa ings which, when people have, they say the almon of their ears are fallen down. It is excellent good for the rankness of the gums, a safe and present remedy for the king’s evil. They are excellent good for the stone and gravel, os reed the nuts being dried ; they also resist poison and bitings of venomous beasts. CAMPION (WILD.)—(Cucubalus Behen.) Descrip.—The wild white campion hath many long and somewhat broad dark green leaves lying upon the ground, and divers ribs therein, somewhat like plantain, but somewhat hairy ; broader and not so long ; the hairy stalks rise up in the middle of them three or four feet high, and sometimes more, with divers t white joints at several places othe Fare two auch like leaves thereat up to the top, sending branches at several joints ; all 76 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. which bear on several footstalks white flowers at the tops of them, consisting of five broad-pointed leaves, every one cut in on the end unto the middle, making them seem to be ay: a-piece, smelling 3 r of ven. standing in a large n stri i an round below next +h ths stalk, The seed is and greyish in the hard heads that come up afterwards: the root et white and long, spreading divers fangs in the groun The red wild campion groweth in the same manner as the white, but the leaves are not 80 nly ribbed, somewhat shorter, rounder, and more woolly in handling. The flowers are of the same form and size, but in some of a pale, in others of a bright red colour, cut in at the ends more finely, which makes the leaves look more in number than the other. The seeds and the roots are alike, the roots of both sorts abiding many years. There are forty-five kinds of campion more ; those of them which are of a physical use having the like virtues 3 above described, which I take to be the chiefest Place.—They grow commonly through this land by fields and hedge Sie and ditches. Time. They flower in summer, some earlier than others, and some abiding lo than others. Government and Virtues.—They belong unto Saturn ; and it is found by experience that the decoction of the herb, either in white or red wine, being drunk doth stay rea, veer da 4 sue 8 it doth the like j and bein to urine being stopped, an vel 5 stone in the relia kidneys. Two . of e seed drunk in wine purgeth the body of choleric humours, and helpeth those that are stung by scorpions or other venomous beasts, and may be as effectual for the gr It is of very t use in old sores, ulcers, can- ers, fistulas, and the to cleanse and heal them by consum g the moist humours falling into them, and correcting the putrefaction of humours offending them. CARDUUS BENEDICTUS. Iriscalled Carduus Benedictus, or Blessed Thistle, or Holy Thistle. I su the name was put upon it by some that had little er e themselves. 10 1 I shall spare labour in writing a description of this, as CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 77 aimost one who can but write at all may describe them from his own knowledge. Time.—They flower in =. eT and seed not long after. Government and Virtues.—It is an herb of Mars, and under the sign of Aries. Now, in handling this herb, I shall give you a rational pattern of all the rest; and if you . to view them throughout the book, you shall to your content find it true. It helps giddiness and imming of the head, or the disease called vertigo, be- cause Aries is in the house of Mars. It is an excellent remedy against the ow jaundice and other infirmities of the because governs choler. It strengthens the attractive faculty in man and clarifies the blood, because the one is ruled by Mars. The continually drinking the decoction of it helps red faces, tetters, and ringworms, because Mars causeth them. It helps the plague, sores, boils, and itch, the bitings of mad dogs and venomous beasts, all which infirmities are under Mars. Thus you see what it does by sympathy. By antipathy to other planets it cureth the French pox. By 1 to Venus, who governs it, it strengthens the memory, and cures deafness by antipathy to Saturn, who hath his fallin Aries, which rules the head. It cures agues and other diseases of melancholy, and ad- gere by sympathy to Saturn, Mars being exalted Capricorn. Also it provokes urine, the stopping of which is usually caused by Mars or the Moon. CARROTS.—(Daucus Carota,) GaRDEx carrots are so well known that they need no de- scription ; but because they are of less physical use wan the wild kind (as 1 — eee are most effectual in physic, as being more pow opera · tion than the Wien kinds) I shall therefore briefly de- cig ser Day gioweth ‘tn altogether like th ip.—It grow a manner er like the tame, but that the lea ves and stalks are somewhat whiter and ip a The stalks bear tufts of white flowers, with a purple spot in the middle, which are contract- ed together when the seed begins to ripen, that the mid dle being hollow and low, and the outward stalk ris- ing maketh the whole umbel look like a bird’s nest: the root amall, long, and hard, and unfit for meat, being sharp and strong. 78 CULPEPBR’S COMPLETE HERBAL. Place.—The wild kind groweth in divers of this land, plentifully by the field sides and untill . Time.—They flower and seed in the end of summer. Government and Virtues.—Wild carrots belong to Mer- cury, and therefore break wind and remove stitches in the side, provoke urine and women’s courses, and helpeth to break and expel the stone; the seed also of the same worketh the like effect, and is good for the dropsy, and those whose bellies are swollen with wind: helpeth the colic, the stone in the kidneys, and rising of the mother ; being taken in wine, or boiled in wine and taken, it help- eth conception. The leaves being applied with honey to running sores or ulcers, do cleanse them. I suppose the seeds of them perform this better than the roots: and though Galen commended garden carrots ighly to break wind, yet experience teacheth they breed it and we may thank nature for lling it, not they ; the seeds of them expel wind ind and so mend what the root marreth. CARAWAY.—(Carwm Carui.) Descrip.—It beareth divers stalks of fine cut leaves lying upon the ground, somewhat like the leaves of car- rots, but not bushing so thick, of a little quick taste in them, from among which riseth up a square stalk, not so high as the carrot, at whose joint are set the like leaves, but smaller and flatter, and at the top small open tufts or umbels of white flowers, which turn into small blackish seed, smaller than the aniseed, and of a quicker and bet- ter taste. The root is whitish, small, and long, somewhat like unto parsnip, but with more wrinkled bark, and much less, of a little hot and quick taste, and stronger than the in and abideth after seed time. Pains t is usually sown with us in gardens, Time.—They flower in June and July, and seed quick- ly after. eee and Pirtues.— This is also a Mercurial plant. Carraway seed hath a moderate sharp quality, whereby it breaketh wind and provoketh urine, which also the herb doth. The root is better food than the ips ; it is pleasant and comfortable to the ape and helpeth digestion. The seed is conducing to all co griefs of the head and sto bowels, or mother, as also the wind in them, and helpeth to sharpen the eye-sight CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL, 79 The powder of the seed ae into a poultice taketh away black and blue spots of blows and bruises. The herb it- self, or with some of the seed bruised and fried. laid hot ina or double cloth to the lower parts of the belly, easeth the pains of the wind colic. The roots of carraways eaten as men eat parsni strengthen the stomachs of old people exceedingly, cad need not to make a whole meal of them neither, and are fit to be planted in every garden. 8 confects, once only dipped in sugar, and a them eaten in the morning fasting, and as many after each meal, is a most admirable remedy for those that are troubled with wind. CELANDINE.—(Chelidoniwm Majus.) Descrip.—This hath divers tender, round, whitish green stalks, with greater joints than ordinary in other herbs, asitwere knees, very brittle and to break, from whence grow branches with 3 tender broad leaves divided into many each of them cut in on the edges, set at the joint on both sides of the branches, of a dark blueish green colour on the upper side like columbines, sap when any part is broken, of a bitter taste and strong scent. The root is somewhat great at the head, shooting forth divers long roots and small strings, reddish on the outside, and yellow within, full of yellow sap Place.—They grow in many places by old walls, hedges, and way-sides, in untilled places ; and being once planted in a garden, especially in some shady place, it will remain Time.—They flower all the summer long, and the seed ripeneth in the mean time. Government and Virtues.—This is an herb of the Sun, and under the celestial Lion, and is one of the best cures for the eyes, for all that know any thing in astrology know that the eyes are subject to the luminaries ; let it then be gathered when the Sun is in Leo, and the Moon in Aries, ying to this time ; let Leo arise, then may you make it into an oil or ointment, which you please, to anoint tanght it, that most te sore eyes have been cured 80 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL by this only medicine; and then I pray, is not this far better than endangering the eyes by the art of the needle ? For if this doth not absolutely take away the film, it will 80 facilitate the work, that it may be done without dan- ger : the herb or root boiled in white wine and drunk, a ew aniseeds being boiled therewith, openeth obstruc- tions of the liver and gall, helpeth the yellow jaundice ; and often using it helps the dropsy and the itch, and those that have old sores in their legs or other parts of the body ; the juice thereof taken fasting, is held to be of singular _ use against the ere the distilled water with a little sugar and a little treacle mixed therewith (the party upon the taking being laid down to sweat a little) hath the same effect; the juice dropped into the eyes cleanseth them from films and cloudiness that darken the sight, but it is best to allay the sharpness of the juice with a little breast-milk. It is good in old filthy corroding creeping ulcers wheresoever, to stay their malignity of fretting and running, and to cause them to heal more speedily; the juice often applied to tette ring-worms, or other e cankers, will quickly heal them: and rubbed often upon warts will take them away: the herb with the root bruised and bathed with oil of camomile, and applied to the navel, taketh away the grip: ing pains in the belly and bowels, and all the pains of the mother ; and applied to women’s breasts, stayeth the overmuch flowing of the courses: the juice or i of the herb ed between the teeth that ache, easeth the pain, and the powder of the dried root laid upon any aching, hollow, or loose tootb, will cause it to fall out : the juice mixed with some powder of brimstone is not only good against the itch, but taketh away all discolour- ings of the skin whatsoever ; and if it ce that in a tender body it causeth oy | itchings or inflammations, by r en oe lace with a little vin it is helped. Ano fa voured trick have physicians got to use to the eye, and that is worse than the needle ; which is to take away films by corroding or gnawing medicines ; this I absolutely protest against. 1.— Because the tunicles of the eyes are very thin, and therefore soon eaten asunder. 2.—The callus or film that they would eat atey soon sel- dom of an equal thickness in every and the tunicle may be eaten asunder in one ore the film Brock Lime. Burnet Saxifrage. Burne? Craneshill. CormMarygeld Co Wheat. CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 81 may be consumed in another, and so be a readier way to inguish the sight than to restore it. It is called chelidonium, from the Greek word chelidon, which signifies a swallow, because they say that if you put out the eyes of young swallows when they are in the nest, the old ones will recover them — with this herb: this lam confident, for I have tried it, that if we mar the apple of their eyes with a needle she will re cover again; but whether with this herb or not 1 know not. Also I have read, and it seems to be somewhat proba- — that the herb, being gathered as I showéd before, CELANDINE (THE LESSER.) caLLID A180 PILE- WORT.—(Ficaria Verna.) I woxper what ailed the ancients to give this the name of celandine, which resembleth it neither in nature or form ; it acquired the name of pilewort from its virtues, and it being no great matter where I set it down, so I set it down at I humoured Dr. Tradition so much as to set it down here seldom, marked with black spots, each standing on a foot-stalk, very like unto acrow’s foot, whereunto the is not unlike, being many small kernels, like a grain of corn, sometimes twice as long as others, of a whit- ish colour, with some fibres at the end of them. Place.—It groweth for the most part in moist corners of fields and places that are near water-sides, yet will abide in drier ground if it be but a little shady. Time,— It flowereth about March or April, is quite gone by May, so it cannot be found till it spri in. Government and Virtues,—It is 4144 of D , 82 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL Mars, and behold here another verification of the learn- ing of the ancients, viz. that the virtue of an herb may be known by its signature, as plainly appears in this : for if dig up the root of it you shall perceive the perfect mage of the disease which they commonly call the piles. It is certain by experience that the decoction of the leaves and root doth wonderfully help piles and h»morr- hoides, also kernels by the ears and throat, called the king’s evil, or any other hard wens or tumours. Here is another secret for my countrymen and women, a couple of them together: pilewort made into an oil, ointment or, plaster, readily cures both the piles, or heemorrhoides, and the king’s evil ; the very herb borne about one’s body next the skin helps in such diseases, though it never touches the place grieved ; let poor peo- ple make much of it for those uses ; with this I cured my own daughter of the king’s evil, broke the sore, drew out a quarter of a pint of corruption, cured without any scar at all in one week’s time. CENTAURY (THE ORDINARY SMALL.) YO taurea Cyanus.) Descrip.—This groweth up most usually but with one round and somewhat cru stalk, about a foot high or better, branching forth at the top into many sprigs, and some also from the joints of the stalks below : the flowers thus stand at the tops as it were in one umbel or tuft, are of a pale red, tending to carnation colour, consisting of five, sometimes six small leaves very like those of St. John’s wort, opening themselves in-the day-time and clos- ing at night, after which come seeds in little short husk in form like unto wheat corn ; the leaves are small an somewhat round: the root small and hard, perishing every year; the whole plant is of an exceeding bitter taste. There is another sort in all things like the former, save only it beareth white flowers. ‘ Pia e grow 5 in fields, pastures, and woods, but that with the white flowers not so frequently as the other. Time. They flower in July or thereabouts, and seed within a month after. and Virtues 2 ru isl the 2 aion of the Sun, as a in that their flowers open an shut as the ml sikes sheweth or hidpth his face: this CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL RS herb boiled and th choleric and gross humours, and helpeth the ca: it rte obstructions of the liver, gall, and spleen, a the jaundice, and easeth the pains in the sides, and hardness of the spleen, used outwardly, and is given with very good effect in agues. It helpeth that have the dropsy, or the green sickness, being much used by the Italians in powder for that pur- pose: it killeth the worms in the belly, as is found by i ; the decoction thereof, viz. the tops of the dals with the leaves and flowers, is good nst the 9 bring dowu women's courses, helpeth to void the birth, and easeth pains of the mother, and is very effectual in all old pains of the ee as the gout, cramps, or convulsions, A dram of the powder thereof taken in wine, is a wonderful good hel 9 FC the biting of an adder : the juice of the herb with a little honey put to it, is to clear the eyes from dimness, mist, and clouds offend or hinder the sight, It is singular good both for green and fresh wounds, as also for old ulcers and sores, to close up the one and cleanse the other, and to cure them both, wri, gL are hollow or 1 herb especially g bruised and laid : the decoction thereof dropped into the cleanseth them from worms, cleanseth the foul ulcers an —— scabs of the head, and taketh away all freckles, spots and marks in the skin, being washed with it; the herb is so safe you cannot fail in the using of it, only giv- — it inwardly for inward diseases: it is very wholesome, not . There is, besides these, another small centaury, which beareth a yellow flower; in all other respects it is like the former, save that the leaves are bigger, and of a darker observe it, you | find an excellent truth: in dis- eases of the blood, use the red centaury ; if of choler, ee? Oe? phlegm or water, you will find the CHERRY-TREE (THE.)—(Prunus Cerasus.) I suppose there are few but know this tree for its fruit 3 : and therefore I shall spare writing a description ff 84 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL Place.—For the place of its growth it is afforded roor in every orchard. 7 Government and Virtues.—It is a tree of Venus. Cher- ries, as they are of different tastes, so they are of different ee the sweet through the stomach and the lly more speedily, but are of little nourishment: the tart or sour are more pleasing to a hot stomach, re appetite to meat, and help to cut tough phlegm 1. humours: but when they are dried, they are more bind- ing to the belly than when they are being cooling in hot diseases and welcome to the and provoke urine: the gum of the cherry-tree dissolved in wine, is for a cold, cough, and hoarseness of the throat ; mendeth the colour in the face, sharpeneth the eye-sight, provoketh page and helpeth to break and expel the stone: the k cherries bruised with the stones and dis- solved, the water thereof is much used to break the stone and to expel gravel and wind. CHERRIES (WINTER.)—(Physalis Alkekengi.) Descrip.—The winter cherry hath a running or creep- ing root in the ground, of the bigness many times of one’s little finger, shooting forth at several joints in several places, Merri it 2 ds over a great compass of ground; the riseth not above a yard high, whereon are set many broad and long green leaves, somewhat like nightshade, but larger: at the joints whereof come forth whitish flowers made of five leaves a-piece, which afterwards turn into green berries inclosed with thin pres Bader: change to be reddish when they grow ripe, the berries likewise being reddish and as large asa cherry, wherein are contained many flat and yellow- ish seeds lying within the pulp, which being gathered and strung up, are kept all the year to be used — occasion. Place.—They grow not naturally in this land, but are Ae e Time.—They flower not until the middle or latter end vf July; and the fruit is ripe in August or the beginning H September. Government and Pirtues.— This also is a plant of Venus. They are of great use in physic ; the leaves being cooling, may be used in inflammations, but not ne as the berries and fruit are; which by drawing down the urine provoke it to be voided plentifully when it is stopped or CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 85 Ar sharp, and painful in the passage; it is good expel the stone and —.— out of the reins, kidneys, bladder, helping to dissolve the stone, and voiding by grit or gravel sent forth in the urine : it also help- much to cleanse inward imposthumes or ulcers in the or bladder, or those that void a bloody or foul urine , o distilled water of the fruit, or the leaves with them, the berries green or dry, distilled with a little milk drank rig ag and i with 5 e 221 e purposes before and es eat and sharpness of the urinal. I shall one way amongst many others which might be 8 B. an F i : i 8 taken daily hath been found to do much good to many, both to ease the pains and expel urine and the stone, and to cause the stone not to engender: the decoction of the berries in wine and water is the most usual way, but the powder of them taken in drink is more effectual. CHERVIL.—{Charophyllum Sativum.) Ir is called Cerefolium, Mirrhis, and Mirrha, Chervil, Sweet and Sweet Cicely. Descrip.— en ch doth at first somewhat resemble parsley, but after it is better grown the leaves cut in and isgged, resembling hemlock, being a , and of a whitish green colour, sometimes turn- ish in the summer, with the stalks also: it riseth half a foot high, bearing white flowers in tufta, which turn into womens round seeds pointed ends, aud blackish when they are ripe ; of a sweet but no smell, though the herb itself smelleth reason- well: the root is small and long, and perisheth every and must be sown, in spring for seed, and after for autumn salad. wild chervil groweth two or three feet high, with stalks and joints, set with broader and more hairy ee i 1 ided into su parts, nicked about the and of a dark green colour, which likewise grow reddish with the stalks: at the tops whereof stand small white tufts of flowers, afterward smaller and longer seed: the 88 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. root is white, hard, and endureth long. This hath little or no scent. Place.—The first is sown in gardens for a salad herb; the second groweth wild in many of the meadows of this land, and by the hedge-sides and on heaths. Time.—-They flower and seed early, and thereupon are sown again in the end of summer. Government and Virtues.—The garden chervil being eaten, doth moderately warm the stomach, and is a certain remedy (saith Tragus) to dissolve congealed or clotted blood in the body, or that which is clotted by bruises, falls, &c.: the juice or distilled water thereof being drunk, and the bruised leaves laid to the e, being taken either in meat or drink, it is good to help to provoke urine, or expel the stone in the kidneys, to send down women’s courses, and to help the pleurisy and pricking of the sides. The wild chervil bruised and applied dissolveth swell- ings in any part, or the marks of congealed blood b bruises or blows in a little space. pen N CHERVIL (SWEET) -( Scandiæ Odorata.) Descrip.— This groweth very like the great hemlock, having large spread leaves cut into divers parts, but of a fresher green colour than the hemlock, tasting as sweet as the aniseed. The stalks rise up a 8 high, or better, being cressed or hollow, having leaves at the joints, but lesser; and at the tops of the branched stalks, umbels or tufts of white flowers; after which come sy 4 and long crested black shining seed, pointed at both en tasting quick, yet sweet and pleasant. The root is great and white, growing deep in the ground, and spreading sundry long branches therein, in taste and smell stronger than the leaves or seeds, and continuing many years. Place.—This groweth in gardens. Government and Virtues.—These are all three of them of the nature of Jupiter, and under his dominion. This whole plant, besides its pleasantness in salads, hath its physical virtue. The roots boiled and eaten with oil and vinegar, or without oil, does much please and warm old and cold stomachs oppressed with wind and phlegm, or those that have the phthisis or consumption of the * : the same drank with wine is a preservation from the plague ; it provoketh women’s courses and expelleth the CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 87 after-birth ; procureth an appetite to meat, and expelleth wind : the juice is good to heal the ulcers of the head and face: the candied roots hereof are held as effectual as an- gelica to preserve from infection in the time of a plague, and to warm and comfort a cold weak stomach, It is 80 harmless you cannot use it amiss. CHESTNUT TREE.—( Castanea Vesca.) Ir were as needless to describe a tree so commonly known as totell aman he had gotten a mouth ; therefore take the government and virtues of them thus: tree is abundantly under the dominion of Jupiter, and therefore the fruit must needs breed good blood, an yield commendable nourishment to the body ; yet if eaten over much, they make the blood thick, procure head- ache, and bind the body; the inner skin that covereth the nut is of so binding a quality, that a scruple of it being taken by a man, or ten grains by a child, soon yet any flux whatsoever: the whole nut being dried beat into powder, and a dram taken at a time, is a 1 to stop the terms in women. If he dry uts, (only the kernels I mean) both the barks being taken away, beat them into powder, and make the pow- der up into an electuary with honey, so have you an ad- mirable remedy for the cough and spitting of blood. CHESTNUTS (EARTH.)—(Bunium Fleruwosum.) Tuerare called Earth Nuts, 516 AE hewitt hehe Nuts, Ciper N and in Sussex, Pig Nuts. escription of them “he needless, for every child knows 8 Government Virtues.— They are something hot and dry in quality, under the dominion of Venus they provoke lust exceedingly, and stir up these sports she is mistress of; the seed is excellent good to provoke urine: and so also the root, but it doth not perform it so forci- bly as the seed doth. The root being dried and beaten into a powder, and the powder made into an electuary, is as singular a remedy for spitting blood and voiding of bloody urine as the former chestnut was for coughs. CHICK WEED.—{Alsine Media.) Ir is so generally known to most people, that I shall not trouble you with the description thereof, nor myself 88 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL, with setting forth the several kinds, since but only two or three are considerable for their usefulness, Piace.—They ure usually found in moist and watery places, by wood sides and elsewhere, is or abi as flower about June, and their seed is ripe uly. Government and Pirtues.—It is a fine soft pleasing herb under the dominion of the Moon. It is found to be as effectual as purslain to all the sp i whereunto it serveth, exeept for meat only. e herb bruised or the juice applied with cloths or sponges dipped therein to the region of the liver, and as they dry to have it fresh ap- plied, doth wonderfully temperate the heat of the liver, and is effectual for all imposthumes, and swellings what- soever, for all redness in the face, wheals, pushes, itch, scabs: the juice either simply used or boiled with hog’s aa applied, helpeth cramps, convulsions, and palsy. he juice, or distilled water, is of much good use for all heats and redness in the eyes, to drop some thereof into them ; and is of effect to ease pains from the heat and sharpness of the blood in the piles, and generally all pains ins Che bods Ses Meee ee eat. It is used in ot and virulent ulcers and sores in the privy parts of men and women, or on the legs or elsewhere. The leaves boiled with marsh-mallows, and made into a poultice with fenugreek and linseed, applied to swellings and im thumes, ripen and break them, or assuage the swellings and ease the pains, It helpeth the sinews when they are shrunk by cramp or otherwise, and to extend and make them pliable again by this medicine. Boil a handful of chickweed and a handful of red rose leaves dried in a quart of muscadine until a fourth part be consumed, then ut to them a pint of oil of trotters or sheep’s feet ; let em boil a while still stirring them well, which being strained, anoint the grieved part therewith warm 8 the fire, rubbing it well with one hand; and bind some of the herb, if you will, to the piace, and with God’s blessing it will help in three times ing. CHICK-PEASE, or CICERS.—(Cicer Arietinum.) Descrip.—The garden sorts, whether black, o white, bring forth stalks a yard long, en do = many smaller round leaves dented about the set on both sides of a middle rib; at the joints come me i OULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL 89 forth one or two flowers upon sharp foot-stalks, pease fa- shion, either white or whitish, or purplish red, lighter or deeper, according as the pease that follow will be, that are contained in small thick and short pods, wherein lie one or two pease, more usually pointed at the lower end, and almost round at the head, yet a little cornered or The root is small, and perisheth yearly. and Time.—They are sown in ens or fields as pease, being sown later t pease, and gathered at the same time with them, or presently after. Government and Pirtuss.— They are both under the dominion of Venus. They are less windy than beans, but nourish more ; they provoke urine, and are thought to in- crease sperm ; they have acleansing faculty, whereby they break the stone in the kidneys ; to drink the cream of them being boiled in water is the best way. It moves the belly downwards, provokes women’s courses and urine, and in- creases both milk and seed. One ounce of cicers, two ounces of French barley, and a small handful of marsh-mallow roots clean . and cut, being boiled in the broth of a chicken, and four ounces taken in the morning, and fast- two hours after, is a good medicine for a pain in the The white cicers are used more for meat than medicine, yet have the same effects, and are thought more powerful to increase milk and seed. The wild cicers are so much more powerful than the garden kind, by how much they exceed them in heat and dryness ; whereby the do more open obstructions, break the stone, and have ail the properties of cutting, opening, digesting, and dissolv- ing ; and this more speedily and certainly than the former, CINQUEFOIL, on FIVE-LEAVED GRASS, caLLED aso FIVE-FINGERED GRASS -( Potentilla.) Degorip.— It spreads and creeps far upon the ground with long slender strings like n which take root again and shoot forth many leaves made of five parts, and sometimes seven, dented about the edges and some- what hard. The stalks are slender, leaning downwards, and bear many small yellow flowers thereon, with some yellow threads iu the middle standing about a amooth green head, which, when it is ripe, isa little rough, and ee — 2 pat ona —— tbe root is of a black- wn colour, as big as one’s little finger, but growin long with some threads thereat ; and re it quickly spreadeth over the ground. * BO OULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. Place.—It groweth by wood sides, hedge sides, the pathway in fields, and in borders and corners of them, al- most through all the land. Time.—It flowereth in summer, some sooner, some later. Government and Virtues.—This is an herb of Jupiter, and therefore strengthens the part of the body it rules; let Jupiter be angular and strong when gathered ; and if you give but a scruple (which is but twenty grains) of it at a time, either in white wine or white wine vine- gar, you shall seldom miss the cure of an ague, be it what ue soever, in three fits, as I have often proved to the admiration both of rs hon and others: let no man de- spise it because it is plain and easy, the ways of God are such. It is an especial herb used in all inflammations and fevers, whether infectious or pestilential, or among other herbs to cool and temper the blood and humours in the body ; as also for all lotions, gargles, infections, and the like; for sore mouths, ulcers, cancers, fistulas, and other corrupt, foul, or running sores, The juice hereof drunk, about four ounces at a time for certain days to- gether, cureth the quinsey and yellow jaundice; and taken for thirty days together, cureth the falling sick- ness, The roots boiled in milk and drunk, is a most ef- fectual remedy for all fluxes in man or woman, whether the white or red, as also the bloody flux. The roots boiled in vinegar, and the decoction thereof held in the mouth, easeth the pains of the tooth-ache. The juice or decoction taken with a little honey helpeth the hoarse- ness of the throat, and is very for the cough of the lungs. The distilled water of both roots and leaves is also effectual to all the purposes aforesaid ; and if the hands be often washed therein, and suffered at every time to dry of itself without wiping, it will in a short time help the palsy or shaking in them. The root boiled in vinegar helpeth all knots, kernels, hard swellings, and lumps growing in any part of the flesh, being thereunto applied ; as also inflammations and St. Anthony’s fire ; imposthumes and painful sores with heat and putre- faction ; the shingles and all other sorts of running and foul scabs, sores, and itch. The same also boiled in wine, and Ae to any joint full of pain, ache, or the gout in the hands or feet, or the hip gout, called the scia- tica, and the decoction thereof the while, doth OCULPEPER’S COMPLET.) HERBAL 91 eure them, and easeth much pain in the bowels. The RE i with other things available to that taken either inwardly or n or both hh also bruises or hurts by blows, falls, or the like, and to stay the bleeding of wounds in any part inward or outward. Some one holds that one leaf cures a ee three a tertian, and four a quartian ague, and a hundred to one if it be not Dioscorides, for he is full of whimsies. The truth is I never stood so much upon the number of the leaves, or whether I give it in powder or decoction: if 2 were and the qs 3 25 him, Ne i at never knew it miss the rr CIVES. (Allium Schenoprasum.) Cauuzp also rush leeks, chives, civet, and sweth. and Virtues.—I confess I hai not added it not been for a country 8 Who by a certified to me that amongst other herbs I had left out. They are indeed a kind of leeks, hot and dry degree, and so under the dominion of Mars. be eaten raw (I do not mean raw opposite to or boiled, but raw opposite to chemical prepara- send up very hurtful vapours to the brain, sleep and spoiling the eyesight ; yet prepared by the act of the alchymist, may be excellent remedy for the stoppage of urine. CLARY.—(Salvia Selarea.) v. - Our ordinary garden clary hath four square ith broad, rough, wrinkled, whitish, or hoary leaves, somewhat evenly cut in on the edges, and of sweet scent, growing some near the ground, and some by couples upon stalks. The flowers grow at certain 82 ref : E HF 115 or not so round as the wild. The roots are blackish spread not far, and perish after seed time. It is usually sown, for it seldom rises of its own sowing. Place.—This groweth in ens, Time.—It flowereth in June and July, some a little later than others, and their seed is ripe in August or theres bouts. 92 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL Government and Virtues.—It is under the dominion of the Moon. The seed put into the eyes clears them from motes and such like things gotten within the lids to offend them, and it also clears them from any white and red spots which may be on them. The mucilage of the seed made with water, and applied to tumours or swellings, disperseth and taketh them away. It also draweth forth splinters, thorns, or other things got into the flesh. The leaves used with vinegar, either by itself or with a little honey, doth’ help boils, felons, and the hot inflammations that are gathered by their if = before it be grown too great. e powder of the dried root put into the nose provoketh sneezing, and thereby eth the head and brain of much rheum and corruption. seeds or leaves taken in wine 8 to venery. It is of much use both for men and women that have weak bac and helpeth to strengthen the reins; used either by i or with other herbs conduces to the same effect, and in tansies often. The fresh leaves di in a batter of flour, and a little milk, and fried in butter and served to the table, is not unpleasant to any, but exceed ingly profitable for those that are troubled with weak backs, and the effects thereof. The juice of the herb put into ale or beer, and then drunk, bringeth down women’s courses and expelleth the after-birth. is au course with many men, when they have got the running of the reins, or women the whites, to run to the bush of clary, exclaiming—Maid, bring hither the frying-pan, and fetch me some butter quickly. Then they will eat fried 2 just as hogs eat acorns, and this they think will cure their disease, forsooth ! ereas, when they have devoured as much clary as will grow upon an acre of und, their backs are as much the better as though they had never touched it—nay, perhaps, very We will or that clary strengthens the back ; but this e will grant that ens the ; but we do deny, that the cause of the running of the reins in men, or the whites in women, lies in the back, though it be sometimes weakened by them ; and therefore for me- dicine is as proper as for me, when my toe is sore, to lay a plaster on my nose. a F CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 98 CLARY (WILD).—{Salvia Horminum.) Witp clary is most blasphemously called Christ's eye, because it cures diseases of the eyes. I could wish from my soul that blasphemy, ignorance, and tyranny Sad 1 forte: among physicians, that they might be happy Descrip.—it is like the other clary, but lesser, with about a foot anda half high. The stalks are d somewhat hairy ; the flowers are of a bush * knows the common clary cannot be ig - t grows commonly in this nation in barren ou may find it plentifully if you look in the Gray’s Inn, and the fields near Chelsea, and — ate from the beginning of June until and “ioe sg is see) Ra re garden cla et, nevertheless, it inion of roe Hag be well as that. The to powder, and drunk with wine, is an admirable help to provoke lust. A decoction of the leaves warms the stomach, and it would be a won- id not, the stomach being under Cancer, the oon. It also helps ry and scatters in any part of the body. The distilled the eyes of redness, waterishness, and ital remedy for dimness of sight, to take seeds and put it into the eye, and there let it ill it drops out of itself. The pain will be nothi oe 2 oe the eyes ar all ua en an often repea t, wi 0 0 ich covereth the sight —a — aa safer, and by a great deal than to tear it off with a k 5 i 1 hit LEP o® ath 4 Eber Gita Uke f 94 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL OLEAVERS.—(Galium Aparine.) ip.—This plant has many common names, as Catchweed, Bed straw, etc. It is an annual succulent am with a weak, procumbent, q . lar, retrosely-prickled stem, which grows from two to six feet high and is hairy at the joints, The leaves are one or two inches in length, and two or three lines in breadth, rough on the re 8 and tapering to the base. The flowers are white, and scattered. Place.—It groweth by the hedge and ditch-sides, in many places of this land, and is so troublesome an inhab- itant in ens, that it rampeth upon and is ready to choke whatever grows near it. Time.—It flowereth in June or July, and the seed is ripe and falleth again in the end of July or August, from whence it springeth up again, and not from the old roots. Government and Virtues.—It is under the dominion of the Moon. The juice of the herb and the seed together taken in wine, helpeth those bitten with an adder, by pre- serving the heart from the venom. It is familiarly in broth, to keep them lean and lank that are apt to grow fat. The distilled water drunk twice a day helpeth the yellow jaundice ; and the decoction of the herb, in experi- ence, is found to do the same, and stayeth laxes and bloody fluxes. The juice of the leaves, or they a little bruised and = to any bleeding wound, stayeth the bleeding. he juice also is very good to close up the lips of 1 wounds, and the powder of the dried herb strewed there- upon doth the same, and likewise helpeth oid ulcers, Being boiled in hog’s grease, it helpeth sorts of hard swellingsor kernels in the throat, being anointed therewith. en juice dropped into the ears taketh away the pain of em. It is a good remedy in the spring, eaten (being frat chopped small and boiled well) in water gruel, ts dele the blood and strengthen the liver, thereby to keep the body in healh, and fitting it for that change of season that fs coming, CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 95 CLOWN’S WOUNDWORT.—(Panaxr Coloni.) . up sometimes to two or three feet high, but usually about two feet, with square, green, . stalks, but slender, joined somewhat far asunder, two very long, somewhat narrow dark greeu leaves bluntly dented about the edges thereof, ending in a long int. The flowers stand towards the tops, compassing — stalks at the * oe ne ore and ngs grt a spiked to ing long and much gaping s of a red E Whitiah ow th them, “apy somewhat round husks, wherein afterwards stan blackish round seeds. The root is com of many long strings with some tuberous long kno wing among them, of a pale yellowish or whitish colour ; yet some times of the year these knobby roots in many places are not seen in this plant. The plant smelleth somewhat strong. Place.—It groweth in sundry counties in this land both north and west, and frequently by path sides in the fields near London, and within three or four miles distant about it ; yet it usually grows in or near ditches. Time. It flowereth in June or July, and the seed is ripe soon after. Government and Virtues.—It is under the dominion of planet Saturn. It is singularly effectual in all fresh and green wounds, and therefore th not this name for nothing. It is very available in staunching of blood, and to dry up the fluxes of humours in old fretting ulcers, that hinder the healing of them. A syrup made of the juice of it is inferior to none for inward wounds, ruptures of veins, bloody flux, vessels broken, spitting, making too much water, or vomiting blood. Ru are excellently and speedily, even to — so by taking now and then a mm oe syrup, and applying an ointment or plaster of this her to the place. if any vein 5 muscle be swelled, apply a plaster of this herb to it, and if you add a little it will not do amiss, The herb deserves com- mendation, though it has received such a clownish nam and whoever reads this, if he try as I have done, wi aa only take notice that it is of a dry earthly F 96 CULPEPER S COMPLETE HERBAL COCK’S HEAD, RED FITCHLING, ox MEDICK FITCH.—(Onobrychis.) Descrip.—This hath divers weak but rough stalks half a yard el leaning downwards, but set with win leaves longer and more pointed than those of lintels, and whitish underneath ; from the tops of these stalks arise up other slender stalks, naked without leaves unto the tops, where there grow many small flowers in the manner of a spike, of a pale reddish colour, with a little blue among them ; after which rise up in their places round, rough, and somewhat flat h The root is tough, and somewhat woody, yet liveth and shooteth anew every ear. . Place.—It groweth under h and sometimes in the open fields in divers places of this land. Time.—They flower all the months of July and August, and the seed ripeneth in the meanwhile. Government and Virtues.—It is under the dominion of Venus, it hath power to rarify and di and therefore the green leaves bruised, and applied as a plaster, dis- rse knots, nodes, or kernels in the flesh ; and if when * it be taken in wine, it helpeth the strangury; and being anointed with oil it provoketh sweat. It is a singular food for cattle, to cause them to give store of milk ; and why then may it not do the like, being boiled in ordinary drink for nurses? COLUMBINES.—{Agquilegia.) Turse are so well known, growing almost in ev garden, that I think I may save the expense of Pina writing a description of them. Time.—They flower in May, and abide not for the most part when June is past, perfecting their seed in the mean time. Government and Pirtues.—It is also an herb of Venus. The leaves of columbines are ee N used in lotions with good success for sore moutbs and throats. Tragus saith that a dram of the seed taken in wine with a little saffron openeth obstructions of the liver, and is good for the yellow jaundice, if the person after the taking thereof be laid to sweat well in bed. The seed also taken in wine causeth a rine delivery of women in child- birth ; if one draught ce not let her drink a second, CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL, 9? and it will be found effectual. The Spaniards used to eat a piece of the root thereof in a raw fasting, many days together, to help them when troubled with stone in the reins or kidneys. COLT’S FOOT (COMMON.)—( Tussilago Farfara.) Cali also Cough-wort, Foal’s-wort, Horse-hoof, aud Bull's foot. ip.—This shooteth up a tender stalk, with small ish flowers somewhat earlier, which fall away ) — 1 and after they are come up somewhat round sometimes dented about the dees much lesser, thicker, and greener than those of butter-bur, with a little down or frieze over the green leaf on the upper side, which 1 * rubbed away, and whitish or mealy under- neath. root is small and white, spreading much an- derground, so that where it taketh root it will hardly be driven away again, if any little piece be abiding therein ; and from thence spring fresh leaves. Place. —It groweth as well in wet grounds as in drier Time.—And flowereth in the end of February ; the leaves in to appear in March. * and Virtues.—The plant is under Venus: the fresh lea ves, or juice, or syrup thereof, is good for a hot, dry or wheezing, and shortness of breath. The dry leaves are best for those who have thin rheums and distillations upon their lungs, causing a cough ; for which also the dried leaves taken as tobacco, or the root, is very The distilled water hereof simply, or with elder- and night-shade, is a singular good remedy against all hot agues, to drink two ounces at a time, and apply wet therein to the head and stomach, which also much good being 1 to any hot swellings or in St. Anthony's fire, and burnings, or privy parts, cloths wet therein thereunto COMFREY..~(Symphytum Oficinale. ) Descrip.—The common great comfrey hath divers very large hairy green leaves | on the ground, so hairy or "that if they touch any 4 of the hands, i ase CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAI. face, or body, it will cause it to itch ; the stalk that riseth from among them being twoor three feet high, hollow and cornered, is very hairy also, having many such like leaves as grow below, but lesser and lesser up to the top ; at the joints of the stalks it is divided into many branches with some leaves thereon, and at the end stand many flowers in order one above another, which are somewhat loug and hollow like the finger of a glove, of a pale whitish colour, 5 which come small blac Tc mn n t and long, spreading great t ranebes under- een black on the 1 and whitish within, short and easy to break, and full of glutinous or clammy juice, of little or no taste at all, There is another sort in all things like this, only some- what less, and beareth flowers of a pale purple colour. Place.—They grow by ditches and water-sides, and in divers fields that are moist, for therein they chiefly de- light to grow ; the first generally through all the land, and the other but in some places. By the leave of my authors, I know the first grows in dry places. 2 3 ower in June or July, and give their seed st. ‘ Government uy gc cag is an a, dey 7 pe and suppose under the sign Capricorn ; co , and earthy in quality. What was spoken of clown’s woundwort may be said of this. The comfrey helpeth those that spit blood, or make a bloody urine. The root boiled in water or wine, and the decoction drank, helps all inward hurts, bruises, wounds, and ulcers of the lungs, and causes the that oppresses! him to be easily spit forth. It helpeth the defluction of rheum from the head upon the lungs, the fluxes of blood or humours by the belly, women's immoderate courses, as well the reds as the whites, and the running of the reins, happe by what cause soever, A syrup made thereof is very effectual for all those inward griefs and ep and the distilled water for the same purposes also, and for outward wounds or sores in the fles 5 or sine wy part of the body whatsover ; as also take the fits of agues, and to allay the sharpness of humours. A decoction of the leaves hereof is available to all the purposes, though not so effectual as the roots. The roots being outwardly applied, help fresh wounds or cuts immediately, being bruised and laid thereto : and is special good for ruptures and broken bones; yea, it is said to be ee ee “ OULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL 99 so powerful to consolidate and knit together, that if be n 1 5 3 wi them ther again. It is good to applied unto — — that grow sore by the bree of milk coming into them; also to repress the overmuch bleeding of the hemorrhoids, to cool the inflammation of the parts thereabouts, and to give ease of pains. The roots of com- 4 taken fresh, beaten small, and upon leather, laid upon any place troubled with the gout, doth pre- sently give ease of the pains; and applied in the same manner giveth ease to pained joints, and profiteth very much for running and moist ulcers, gangrenes, mortifica- tions, and the like, for which it hath by often experience been found helpful. CORALWORT.—(Dentaria.) Ir is also called „e Toothwort, Tooth Violet, Dog- teeth Violet, and Dentaris. Descrip.—Of the many sorts of this herb, two of them may be found growing in this nation ; the first of which shooteth forth one or two winged leaves upon long brown- ish foot-stalks, which are doubled down at their first com- ing out of the ground ; when they are fully opened, they consist of seven leaves, most commonly of a sad green co- lour, dented about the edges, set on both sides the middle rib one against another, as the leaves of the ash- tree: the stalk beareth no leaves on the lower half of it: upper half beareth sometimes three or four, each con- ing of five leaves, sometimes of three ; on the to or five flowers upon short foot- wi ; the flowers are very like the flowers of stock wers, of a pale eber colour, consisting of four piece, after which come small s which con- seed ; the root is very small, white, and shining; not grow downwards, but creeping along under crust of the ground, and consisteth of divers d knobs set together ; towards the top of the grows some single leaves, by each of which small cloven bulb, which when it is ripe, if it set in the ground, will grow to be a root. As for the other coralwort which groweth in this na- tion, it is more scarce than this, being a very small plant much like crowfoot. I 1 to it, therefore I shall forbear the description. 121 8 1 : f TEREETE He Be enen 100 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL Place.—The first groweth in Mayfield in Sussex, in a wood called Highread, and in another wood there also called Foxholes, | Time.—They flower from the latter end of April to the middle of May, and before the middle of July they are gone, and not to be found. Government and Pirtues.—It is under the dominion of the Moon. It cleanseth the bladder and provoketh urine, expels gravel and the stone : it easeth in the sides and bowels, is excellent for — sana especial- ly such as are made in the breast or lungs, by taking a ram of the powder of the root every morning in wine ; the same is excellent good for ruptures, as also to stop fluxes: an ointment made of it is excellent good for wounds and ulcers, for it soon dries up the watery hu- mours which hinder the cure, COSTMARY.—(Balsamita Vulgaris.) CaLLxD also Alecost, Balsam Herb, or Nen This is so frequently known to be an inhabitant in almost every garden, that I suppose it is needless to write a descrip- tion thereof. Time.—It flowereth in June and July. : bree e * PFirtues.—It is under — eee of upiter. e ordinary costmary, as well as maudlin, provoketh urine abundantly, and moisteneth the hardness of the mother ; it gently purgeth choler and phlegm, ex- tenuating that which is gross, and cutting that which is 2 and glutinous, cleanseth that which is foul, and hindereth putrefaction and corruption; it dissolveth without attraction, openeth obstructions and helpeth their evil effects, and it is a wonderful help to all sorts of d 2 It is astringent to the — 4 and strengthen the liver and all the other inward : and taken in whey, worketh more effectually. Taken fasting in the morning, it is very profitable for pains in the head, that are continual ; and to stay, up, and consume all thin rheums or distillations from the head into the stomach, and helpeth much to digest raw humours that are thered therein. It is very profitable for those that are len into a continual evil di tion of the body, called cachexia, but especially in the beginning of the disease, It is an es friend and help to evil, weak, and cold livers. The seed is familiarly given to children for the CULPEPER'S COMPLETE HERBAL. 101 worms, and so is the infusion of flowers in white wine given them to the quantity of two ounces at a time: it maketh an excellent salve to cleanse and heal old ulcers, boiled with oil of olive, and adder’s tongue with it; and after it is strained, put a little wax, rosin, and tur- pentine to bring it to a convenient body. COWSLIPS, on PEAGLES.—( Primula veris.) Time.—They flower in April and May. Government and Pirtues.— Venus lays claim to this herb as her own, and it is under the sign Aries, and our city dames know well enough the ointment or distilled water of it adds to beauty, or at least restores it when it is lost. The flowers are held to be more effectual than the leaves, and the roots of little use. An ointment being made with them, taketh away spots and wrinkles of the sun-burnings and freckles, and adds beauty exceed- y ; they remedy all infirmities of the head coming of heat and wind, as vertigo, ephialtes, false apparitions, ies, falling sickness, 1 convulsions, 2 in the nerves; the roots ease pains in the back an , and open the passages of the urine. The leaves are in wounds, and the flowers take away trembling. If the flowers be not well dried and kept in a warm place, they will soon putrefy and look green: have a special eye over them. you let them see the sun once a month, it will do neither the sun nor them harm. Because they strengthen the brain and nerves, and re- medy palsies, the Greeks gave them the name paralysis. The flowers preserved or conserved, and the quantity of a taken every morning, is a sufficient dose for in- i but for wound spots, wrinkles, and sun- burnings, an ointment is made of the leaves and hog’s grease. 4 CRAB’S CLAWS.—( Semper vivum Aquatica.) Cal also Water Seagreen, Knight’s Pond Water, Water Houseleek, Pondweed, and Fresh-water Soldier. Descrip.—It hath sundry long narrow leaves, with sharp les on the edges of them, also very sharp-pointed ; ——— err as the 1028 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL leaves, bearing a forked head like a erab's claw, out of which comes a white flower, consisting of three leaves, with yellowish hairy threads in the middle: it taketh root in the mud in the bottom of the water. Ab dpe ia groweth plentifully in the fens in Lincoln- shire. Time.—It flowereth in June, and usually from thence till August. Government and Virtues.—It is a plant under the do- minion of Venus, and therefore a great strengthener of the reins : it is excellent good in that inflammation which is commonly called St. Anthony’s fire: it assuageth all inflammations and swellings in wounds, and an ointment made of it is excellent good to heal them: there is scarce a better remedy growing than this is for such as have bruised their kidneys, and on that account evacuating blood: adram of the powder of the herb taken every morning, is a very good remedy to stop the terms. CRESSES (BLACK).—(Stsymbrium Nigra.) Descrip.—It hath long leaves deeply cut and j on both sides, he yay i wil pact ; the stalk small, very limber, though very tough: you may twist them seb as you may a willow before they break. The stones are very small and yellow, after which come small pods which contain the seed. Place. It is a common herb e by the wayside, and sometimes upon mud in the neigh- bourhood of London; but it delights most to grow among stones and rubbish. Time.—It flowers in June and July, and the seed is ripe in August and September. f Government and Pirtues.—It isa plant of a hot and biting nature, under the dominion of Mars. The seed of black cresses strengthens the brain exceedingly, being, in performing that office, little inferior to mustard seed, if at all ; they are excellent goes to stay these rheums which may fall down from the head upon the lungs; you may beat the seed into powder if you please, and make it up into an electuary with honey; so you have an excellent remedy by you, not only for the premises, but also for the cough, yellow jaundice, and sciatica. The herb boiled into a poultice is an excellent remedy for inflammations, both in women’s breasts and in men’s testicles, 7 OCULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 103 CRESSES (SCIATICA.)—(Iberis Sisymbrium.) Descrip.—These are of two kinds ; the first riseth up with a round stalk about two feet high, spread into divers branches, whose lower leaves are somewhat larger than the upper, yet all of them cut or torn on the edges, some- what Ike garden cresses, but smaller; the flowers are small and white, growing at the tops of branches, where afterwards grow husks 5 small aug or as tag strong an sharp taste, more than the cresses thes en: the root is long, white and woody. other hath the lower leaves whole, somewhat long and broad, not torn at all, but only somewhat deeply dented about the edges towards the ends ; but those that w up higher are lesser. The flowers and seeds are ike the former, and so is the root likewise, and both way They | 0 Lid illed places, —They grow by the way-sides in unti and by the sides of old walls. . Time.—They flower in the end of June, and their seed is ripe in July. Sicarnbient and Pirtues.—It is a Saturnine plant. The leaves, but especially the root, taken fresh in sum- mer 9 or made into a poultice or salve with old hog’s grease, and applied to the places pained with the sciatica, to continue thereon four hours if it be on a man, and two hours on a woman; the place afterwards bathed with wine and oil mixed together and then wra with wool or skins after they have sweat a little, will assuredly not only cure the same disease in hips, huckle- bone, or other of the joints, as gout in the hands or fee but all other old griefs of the head, (as inveterate rheums and other the body that are hard to be cured ; and if of the former griefs any remain, the same medicine after twenty days is to be applied again. The same is also effectual in the diseases of the spleen; and 1 the skin it taketh away the blemishes thereof, w they be scars, leprosy, scabs, or scurf, which, although it ulcerate the part, that is to be helped after- wards with a salve made of oil and wax, Esteem this as another secret. 104 OULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. CRESSES (WATER.)—(Sisymbrium Nasturtium Aquatica. Descrip.—Our ordinary water cresses spread forth with many weak, hollow, sappy stalks, hacking out fibres at the ane and upwards long winged leaves made of sun- dry broad sappy almost round leaves, of a brownish colour, The flowers are many and white, standing on long foot- stalks, after which come small yellow contained in small long pods like horns. The whole plant abideth green in the winter, and tasteth somewhat hot and sharp. Place.—They grow for the Leet sol in small standing waters, yet sometimes in small rivulets of running water, Time.—They flower and seed in the beginning of the summer. Government and Virtues.—It is an herb under the do- minion of the Moon. They are more powerful against the and to cleanse the blood and humours, than brook- lime is, and serve in all the other uses in which brook- lime is available, as to break the stone, and provoke urine and women’s courses. The decoction thereof cleanseth ulcers by washing them therewith. The leaves bruised, or the juice, is good to be applied to the face or other parts troubled with freckles, pimples, spots, or the like, at night, and washed away in the morning. The juice mixed with vinegar, is very good for those that are dull and drowsy, or have the lethargy. Water-cress pottage is a remedy to cleanse the blood in the spring, and helps head-aches, and consumes the humours winter hath left behind: those that would live in health may use it if they please, if they will not, I cannot help it. If any fancy not pottage, they may eat the herb as a salad. CROSSW ORT.—/ Valantia Cruciata. ) Descrip.—Common crosswort groweth up with square hairy brown stalks, a little above a foot high, having four small broad and pointed, hairy, yet smooth thin leaves growing at every Tee. each against the other cross- way, which has caused the name. Towards the tops of the ks at the joints, with the leaves in three or four rows downwards, stand small, 1 ellow flowers, after which come smal] blackish roun four for the most part set in every husk. — CULPEPERS OOMPLETS HERBAL. 105 The — 1 n wt i 7 8 or . a i old of the ground, and spreading wi 0 — a great deal of ground, which i not in winter, although the leaves die every year, and spring again anew. Place.—It groweth in many moist grounds, as well in meadows as untilled places about London, in Hampstead churchyard, at Wye in Kent, and sundry other * Time.—It flowers from May all the summer long, in one place or another, as they are more open to the sun: the seed ripeneth soon after. 2 “4 Virtues.—It is under oe oS agp of Saturn. a singular good wound herb, and is used inwardly not only to stay bleeding of wounds, but to consolidate them, as it doth outwardly any green wound, which it quickly soldereth up and heale The decoction of the herb in wine helpeth to expectorate out of the chest, and is good for obstructions in the stomach, or bowels, and helpeth a decayed appetite. It is also to wash any wound or sore with, to cleanse and heal it. The herb bruised and then boiled, outwardly for certain days together, renewing it ; and in the mean time the decoction of the herb in wine, taken inwardly every day, doth certainly cure the rupture in any, so as it be not too inveterate ; but very speedily, if it be fresh and lately taken. CROWFOOT.—( Ranunculus Auricomus.) Mur are the names this furious biting herb hath ob- tained ; for it is called s-foot from the Greek name barrakion; Crowfoot, Goldknobs, Gold-cups, King’s Knobs, Baffiners, Troil Flowers, Polts, Locket-gouleons, and Butter-flowers. Abundant are the sorts of this herb, that to describe them all would tire the patience of Socrates himself ; but because I have not yet attained to the spirits of Socrates, shall but ibe the most usual. Descrip.—The most common crowfoot hath many thin leaves cut into divers parts, in taste biting and — bride - beds after which flowers come small heads, some spiked and rugged like a pine-apple, 106 CUI PBPER’S COMPLETE RERBAL, Placo.— They grow very common every where; unless you turn your head into a hedge you cannot but see them as you walk. ime.— They flower in May and June, even until September. Government and Virtues.—This fiery and hot-spirited herb of Mars is no way fit to be given tiwardly,: but an ointment of the leaves or flowers will draw a blister, and ae 80 fitly applied to the nape of the neck to draw rheum from the eyes. The herb being bruised and mixed with a little mustard, draws a blister as well, and as perfectly as cantharides, and with far less danger to the vessels of urine, which cantharides naturally de- light to wrong. I knew the herb once applied to a pesti- lential rising that was fallen down, and it saved life even beyond 1 it were good to keep an ointment and plas- ter of it, if it were but for that. CUCK0OO-PINT.—( Arum Vulgare.) Ir is called Alron, Janus, Barba-aron, Calve’s-foot, Ramp, oe ita Cuckoo-pintle, Priest’s-pintle, and Wake in. Descrip.—This shooteth forth three, four or five leaves at the most fiom one e every one whereof is some- what large and long, b at the bottom next the stalk, re indy ate endi 7 a, poms * a cut 1 e, of a n colour, eac ing upon a thic round stalk, of a hand-breadth l or oa among which, after two or three months that they in to _ wither, 3 a bare, round, whitish Shes stalk, spotted and ed with purple, somewhat higher than e leaves ; at the top whereof standeth a long hollow husk close at the bottom, but open from the middle u wards, ending in a point ; in the middle whereof stan the small, long pestle or clapper, smaller at the bottom than at the top, of a dark purple colour, as the husk is on the inside, though green without, which after it hath so abided for some time, the husk with the clapper de- cayeth, and the foot or bottom thereof groweth to be a small long bunch of berries, green at the first, and of a ellowish colour when they are ripe, of the bigness of a hee: kernel, which abideth thereon almost until winter ; the root is round and somewhat long, for the most part lying along, the leaves ahooting forth at the OCULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 107 largest end, which, when it beareth its berries, are some- what wrinkled and loose, another growing under it which is solid and firm, with many small threads hanging there- at. The whole plant is of a very sharp bitter taste, prick- ing the tongue as nettles do the hands, and so abideth for great while without alteration. The root thereof was anciently used instead of starch to starch linen with. There is another sort of cuckoo-point with lesser leaves than the yi aed 0 we *. harder, ere, Paseo spots u em, which for the most part abide longer green 3 than the former, and both leaves and roots are more sharp and fiercé than it; in all things else it is like the former. Place.—These two sorts grow frequently almost under n of this land. 7 ey shoot forth leaves in the spring, and con- ron haa il the om of . = 2 op * : their appearing before they away, and their fruit Dielihier in April. Government and Virtues.—It is under the dominion of Mars. a reporteth that a dram ve or more if need be, of the spotted wake-robin either fresh and green, or dri ing beaten and taken, is a present and sure remedy for poison and the plague. The juice of the herb taken to the quantity of a spoonful hath the same effect ; but if there be a little vinegar added thereto, as well as to the root aforesaid, it somewhat allayeth the sharp bit- ing taste thereof upon the tongue. The Dalen, Waves bruised and laid upon any boil or plague-sore, doth won- derfully help to draw forth the poison. A dram of the F. of the dried root taken witb twice so much sugar the form of a licking electuary, or the green root, doth wonderfully help those that are pursy and short-winded, as also those that have a cough; it breaketh, digeste and riddeth away phlegm from the stomach, chest, an : the milk wherein the root hath been boiled is ef- fectual also for the same purpose. The said powder taken in wine or other drink, or the juice of the berries, or the 2 of them, or the wine wherein they have been iled provoketh urine, and bringeth down women’s courses, and purgeth them effectually after child-bearing, to bring away the after-birth. Taken with sheep’s milk it healeth the in ward ulcers of the bowels: the distilled water thereof is effectual to all the purposes aforesaid. A 108 CULPEPER'S COMPLETE HERBAL. spoonful taken at a time healeth the itch : and an ounce or more taken at a time fur some days together doth help the rupture. The leaves either green or dry, or the juice of them, doth cleanse all manner of rotten and filthy ulcers, in what part of the body soever ; and healeth the stinging sores in the nose, called polypus. The water wherein the root hath been b oiled, . into the eyes, cleanseth them from any film or skin cloud or mist, which begin to hinder the sight, and helpeth the watering and ess of them, or when by some chance they become black and blue. The root mixed with bean flour and ap- plied to the throat or jaws that are inflamed, helpeth them. The juice of the berries boiled in oil of roses, on beaten into powder mixed with the oil, and dropped into the ears, easeth pains in them. The berries or roots beaten with hot ox-dung, and er easeth the pains of the gout. The leaves and roots boiled in wine with a little oil and applied to the piles, or the falling down of the fundament, easeth them, and so doth sitting over the hot fumes thereof. The fresh roots bruised and distilled with a little milk, yieldeth a most sovereign water to cleanse the skin from scurf, freckles, spots, or blemishes, whatso- ever therein. Authors have left 16 commendations of this herb you see, but for my have neither spoken with Dr. Reason nor Dr. Experience about it. CUCUMBERS.—( Cucumis Sativus. ) Government and Pirtues.— There is no dispute to be made but that they are under the dominion of the Moon, though they are so much cried out against for their cold- ness, and 1 they were but one degree colder they would be poison. The best of Galenists hold them to be cold and moist in the second degree, and then not so hot as either lettuces or purslain: they are excellent good for a hot stomach and hot liver ; the unmeasurable use of them lll the body full of raw humours, and so indeed the un- measurable use of any thing else doth harm. The face being washed with their juice cleanseth the skin, and is excellent good for hot rheums in the eyes: the seed is excellent good to provoke urine, aud cleanseth the passages thereof when they are stopped ; there is not a better re- medy growing for ulcers in the bladder than cucumbers are. The usual course is to use the seed in emulsions, as CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 109 they make almond milk; but a far better way, in my opinion, is this: When the season of the year is, take the zucumbers and bruise them well and distil the water from and let such as are troubled with ulcers in the drink no other drink. The face being washed with the same water cureth the reddest face that is; it fs also excellent good for sun-burning, freckles, and mor- ‘ CUDWEED.—(Gnaphalium Vulgare. ) Bess Cudweed, it is called Cottonweed, Cliaffweed, Dwarf Cotton, and Petty Cotton. Descrip.—The common Cudweed riseth up with one stalk sometimes, and sometimes with two or three, thick set on all sides, with small, long, and narrow whitish and woody lea m the middle of the stalk almost up to the top ; with every leaf standeth a small flower of a dun or brownish yellow colour, or not so yellow as others ; in which herbs, after the flowers are fallen come small seed wrapped up with the down therein, and is carried away with the wind: the root is small and thready. There are other sorts hereof, which are somewhat lesser than the former, not much different, save only that the stalks and leaves are shorter, so the flowers are paler and therein. It also helpeth the bloody flux, and easeth the torments that come thereby, stayeth the immoderate courses 7 women, — is also tod ona or gar wounds, hurts, or brui and helpeth children 0 ruptures and worms; mer being drunk or injected for the disease called tenesmus, which is an often provocation to stool without doing any thing. Tue — ea ves bruised and laid to any green wound, stayeth the bleeding and healeth it up quickly. The juice of the herb is, as Pliny mith, a sovereign remedy agamst the mumps and quin- 110 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL sey: and further saith, that whosoever shall so take it, shall never be troubled with that disease again. CURRANT-TREE.—(Ribes Vulgaris.) vib ae AA Currant-tree is well known to be a some- what taller tree than the goose-berry, with ae leaves, without thorns. The fruit grows in small bunches, of a red colour, and of a sharp sweetish taste. Place. —It is bey new planted in Asien but is said to grow wild in the north of England. © j Time.—It flowers in A and the fruit is ripe in une. _ _ Government and Virtues.—They are under ‘J 8 They are cooling to the stomach, quench thirst, and are somewhat restringent; a jelly made with the juice and sugar, is cooling and grateful in fevers. CYPRESS-TREE.—( Cupressus. ) ie een ws to be a large, tall, high tree, co- vered over, ost from the ground, with slender branches growing close together, making the tree havea pyramidal shape, with small, short, sharp, and as it were scaly leaves, which cover over all the young twigs. The flowers are small and staminous, ade by cones or nuts, as they are called, which are round, near as big as a wallnut, when ripe opening with several clefts, in which lie brown flattish cornered seeds, Place.—It is planted in gardens for its pleasant ver- dure, being a 1323 or evergreen, holding its lea ves all winter, and shooting out fresh in the spring. We have two species growing in our gardens, whereof the fe- mina, or that whose branches grow closer together, is the most common, having somew longer nuts than the other; whose branches are more expanded, and cones or nuts rounder. bees pee fruit is ripe about the beginning of ter. i Government and Virtues.—This tree is under the go- vernment of Saturn. The cones or nuts are mostly used, the leaves but seldom ; they are accounted very drying and binding, good to stop fluxes of all kinds, as spitti of blood, —— hoea, dysentery, the immoderate flux the menses, e eee ; they prevent the bleed - ing of the gums, and 2 outwardly, they OULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 111 are used in styptic restringent fomentations aud catap- lasms. DAFFODILL (COMMON.)—( Narcissus Pseudo- narcissus.) Tue White Daffodills are also called Primrose Pearls, and the Yellow Daffodills, Lidelillies, and Daffy-downdillies. Descrip.—There are several kinds of daffodills: some with « crimson or red purple circle in the middle of the flower, and others having a yellow circle, resembling a coronet or cup, in the middle of the flower: there is another kind is yellow in the middle, and another sort which bears double flowers. The common wild Daf- fodill grows about a foot high. The leaves are long, nar- row, grassy, and of a deep green; and they are 1 long as the stalk, which is roundish, but somewhat flat- tish and edged. The flower is large, yellow, and single: it stands at the top of the stalk, and by its weight presses it down a little: the root is round and white. Place.—It is common in the wer. in its own natural form, and in a great variety of shapes and colours that culture has given it. The yellow Daffodill does not grow naturally in this country, but in gardens where it in Time.—Daffodills flower in March and April. Government gee 1 verns all the 3 dills, except ellow, whi 0 to Mars. e fresh roote of the former are to 3 and it is very easy to have them always in readiness in a garden; and very useful, for they have great virtues. Given internal- 4. in a small quantity, either in decoction or powder y act as a vomit, and afterwards purge a little: and are excellent against all obstructions. The best way of giving them is in form of the juice, pressed out with some white-wine ; but their principal uses are externally. The fresh roots bruised, and boiled with parched barley-meal, very suddenly heal fresh wounds; mixed with honey, — geore sprains, and are to apply to cu “ha 1 1 See — * 2 - meal an 1 posthumes, and help to draw out splinters from the flesh: the juice of the bruised root will 1 4 swellings and inflammations of the breast. The roots of yellow Daffodills boiled, and taken in posset- drink, cause vomiting, and are used with good success at 112 OCULPEPER'S COMPLETE HERBAL. the appearance of approaching agues, especially tertian agues, which are frequently caught in the spring time. A plaster made of these roots, with parched barley-meal, dissolves hard swellings and imposthumes: the juice, mingled with honey, frankincense, wine, and myrrh, and dropped into the ears, is good against all the corrupt filth seat running matter in these parts; the roots made hol- low, and boiled in oil, help sore kibed heels: the juice of the root is also good for the morphew, and the discolour- ings of the skin. ö DAISIES.—( Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum.) Tuxsw are so well known almost to every child, that I suppose it needless to write any description of them. Take therefore the virtues of them as followeth. Government and Virtues.—The herb is under the sign Cancer, and under the dominion of Venus, and therefore excellent good for wounds in the meer and very fittin to be kept both in oils, ointments, and plasters, as mis in syrup. The ue is a wound herb of Ne aa in those drinks and salves that * wounds, either in ward or outward. The juice or distilled water of these, or the small daisy, doth much temper the heat of choler, and refresh the liver and the other inward parts. A decoction made of them and drank, helpeth to cure the wounds made in the hollowness of the breast: the same cureth also all ulcers and les in the mouth or tongue, or in the secret parts. leaves bruised and applied to the testicles or any other part that is swollen and hot, doth dissolve it, and temper the heat. A de- coction made thereof, of wall-wort and agrimony, and places fomented or bathed therewith warm, giveth great ease to them that are troubled with the , sciatica, or the gout. The same also di th and dissolveth the knots or kernels that grow in the flesh of any part of the body, and bruises and hurts that come of falls and blows ; they are also used for ruptures and other inward burn- ings, with very good success. An ointment made thereof doth wonderfully help all wounds that have inflamma- tions about them, or by reason of moist humours havin access unto them are kept long from healing, and suc are those for the most that n to joints of the arms and l The juice of them ped into the run- ning eyes of any, doth much help them. | — = — Fi — ere JULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 118 DAISY LITTLE.—( Bellis Minor Perennis.) Descrip.—The root of the Little common Daisy is a thick bush of fibres, the leaves grow in a circle close to the ground, being thick and fleshy, and are long and nar- row at the bottom, ending b and round, not much bigger than a silver penny, with very few indentin about the 1 : the flowers spring immediately from the roots, upon slender stalks three or four inches high, bear - ing one small single flower at the end, made of a border of white petala, or leaves, set about a yellow thrum ; sometimes the border is edged with a reddish colour, and red underneath. The seed is whitish, slender, and flat. Place.—Daisies grow every where in the fields and meadows. to the ＋ K evil the decoction given inwardly, and a cata- DANDELION.—{Leontodon Taraxacum.) I. Common, 2. Rough. 3. Branchy. VULGARLY ara 2 Xi 35 * —It is we own to have many long and dee gashed gap bg on the ground round r the heat of the roots ; the ends of each or jag, on both sides looking downwards towards the roots; the middle rib being white, which being broken yieldeth abundance of bitter milk, but the root much more; from among the leaves, which always abide green, arise many slender, weak, naked foot-stalks, every one of them bearing at the one large yellow flower, consisting of many rows of leaves, broad at the points, and nicked in with spots of yellow in the middle, which growing ripe, E 114 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL the green husk wherein the flowers stood turns itself down to the stalk, and the head of down becomes as round as a ball, with long reddish seed underneath, bearing a part of the down on the head of every one, which together is blown away with the wind, or may be at once blown away with one’s mouth. The root growing downwards exceeding deep, which being broken off within the ground, will yet shoot forth again, and will hardly be destroyed where it hath once taken deep root in the d. Place. — It oe frequently in all meadows and pasture groun Time.—It flowereth in one place or another almost all ‘he year long. Government and Virtues.—It is under the dominion of Jupiter, It isof an opening and cleansing quality, and therefore very effectual for the obstructions of the liver, gall, and spleen, and the diseases that arise from them, as the jaundice and hypochondriac; it openeth the “maior of the urine both in young and old ; powerfully cleanseth imposthumes and inward ulcers in the urinary passages, and by its drying and temperate quality doth afterwards heal them ; for which purpose the decoction of the roots or leaves in white wine, or the leaves cho as pot herbs with a few alisanders, and boiled in their broth, are very effectual, And whoever is drawing towards a consumption, or an evil disposition of the whole body called cachexia, by ba ue ances ve bee, together shall yeah ram elp. It helpet to procure rest and sleep to bodies distempered by the heat yao fits, or otherwise : the distilled water is effectual to drink in pestilenial fevers, and to wash the sores. You see here what virtues this common herb hath, and that is the reason the French and Dutch so often eat them in the spring ; and now if you look a little farther, you may see plainly without a pair of spectacles, that foreign physicians are not so selfish as ours are, but more com- municative of the virtues of plants to people. DARNEL (RED and WHITE.)—(Loliwm, Rubrum et Album.) Ir is called Jura and Wary ; in Sussex they call it Crop, it being a pestilent eae | among the corn. Dasorip.— This hath, all the winter long, sundry long, flat, and rough leaves, which, when the stalk riseth, whi „ A ee ? - ee 2 | { ' " q OULPEPER S COMPLETE HERBAL. 115 is slender and Aer are narrower but rough still; on the top groweth a long spike composed of many heads set one above another, containing two or three husks with sharp but short beards or awns at the ends; the seed is easily shook out of the sa the husk itself being some- what rough. Place.—The country husbandmen do know this too well to grow among their corn, or in the borders and pathways of other fields that are fallow. Government and Virtues.—It is a malicious part of sul- len Saturn. As it is not without some vices, so hath it also many virtues, The meal of darnel is very good to stay gangrenes and other such like fretting and gi, pe el and — sores; it also jane a ag agg? of 0 ies, m ews, ring- worms, and the like, if it used with salt and raddish roots. And being used with quick brimstone and vinegar, it dissolveth knots and kernels, and breaketh those that are hard to be dissolved, being boiled in wine with pigeon’s dung and linseed. A decoction thereof made with water and honey, and the 2 bathed therewith is profitable for the sciatica. 1 meal applied in a poultice draweth forth splinters and broken bones in the flesh. The red darnel boiled in red wine and taken, stayeth the lax and all other fluxes and women’s bloody issues, and restraineth urine that passeth away too suddenly. DEVIL'S BIT.—(Scabiosa Succisa.) Descrip.—This riseth up with around green smooth stalk about two feet high, set with divers long and somewhat narrow, smooth, dark green leaves, somewhat nipped the for the most part, being else all whole and not divided at all, or but very seldom, even at the of the branches, which are yet smaller than those ow, with one rib only inthe middle. At the end of each branch standeth a round head of many flowers set together in the same manner, or more neatly than scabions, aud of a more blueish purple colour, which being past, there followeth seed that falleth away. The root some- what thick, but short and blackish, with many strings, poo cad seed time many years. This root was longer, until the devil (as the friars say) bit away the rest of it for spite, eavying ite usefulness to mankind : for sure he was not trou with any disease for which it is proper. 116 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. There are two sorts hereof, in nothing unlike the for- mer, save that the one beareth white, and the other blush- coloured flowers. Place.—The first groweth as well in dry meadows and fields as moist, in many places of this land: but the other two are more rare and hard to be met with, yet ang Aes found growing wild about Appledore, near Rye, in Kent. Time.—They flower not usually until August. Government and Virtues.—The plant is venereal, pleas- ing and harmless. The herb or the root (all that the devil hath left of it) being boiled in wine and drank, is very powerful against the plague, and all pestilential diseases or fevers, sie also, and the bitings of venomous . beasts : it helpeth also all that are inwardly bruised by any casualty, or outwardly by falls or blows, dissolving the clotted blood ; and the herb or root beaten and out- wardly applied, taketh away the black and blue marks that remain in the skin. The decoction of the herb, with honey of roses put therein, is very effectual to help the inveterate tumours and swellings of the almonds and throat, by often gargling the mouth therewith. It help- eth also to procure. women’s courses, and easeth all pains of the mother, and to break and discuss wind therein, and in the bowels. The powder of the root taken in drink, driveth forth the worms in the 8 The juice or distilled water of the herb, is very effectual for wounds or old sores, and cleanseth the body in „ and the seed outwardly, from sores, scurf, i ples, freckles, mor- phew, or other deformities thereof, especially if a little vitriol be dissolved therein. DILL.—(Anethum Graveolens.) Descrip.—The common Dill groweth up with seldom more than one stalk, neither so high nor so great usually as fennel, being round and fewer joints thereon, whose leaves are sadder and somewhat long, and so like fennel that it deceiveth many, but harder in handling, and some- what thicker, and of a stronger unpleasant scent; the tops of the stalks have four branches, and small umbles of yellow flowers, which turn into small seed, somewhat flatter and thinner than fennel seed. The root is some- what small and woody, and perisheth every year after it hath borne seed, and is also unprofitable, being never put ‘oO any use. CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL 117 Place.—It is most usually sown in gardens and grounds for the purpose, and is also found wild in many Government and Virtues.—Mercury hath the dominion of this plant, and therefore to be sure it strengthens the brain. The dill boiled and drank, is good to ease both are troubled with pains and windiness of the mother, if they sit therein. It stayeth the pisoonady ‘being boiled in wine, and but smelled unto, being ti a cloth. The that from. The seed being roasted or fried, and in oils or dissolves the imposthumes in the fundament, drieth up all moist ulcers especially in that part: an oil made of Dill is n ee. or imposthumes, to ease pains, and to procure rest. e decoction of Dill, be it herb or seed, (only if you boil the seed you must bruise it) in white wine, being drunk, it is a gallant expeller of wind and provoker of terms. DITTANDER.—( Lepidium Sativum.) ‘CALLED also Pepper-wort. Descrip.—The common Dittander has a small, white, — sering root, hard to be got out of a garden where it has been once planted. The lower leaves grow on long foot-stalks, are smooth, oblong, sharp pointed. and serrated, four or five inches long: the 8 grow to be half a yard high, smooth, and having lesser and nar- rower leaves growing alternately, sometimes indented about the edges, and sometimes not. The flowers that on the top of the stalks are small, white, and four- — and the seed - vessels small and round. Place. —It grows in moist places, and near rivers, Time. —It flowers in June and July, The whole plant has a hot and biting taste, like pepper. Government and Virtues —It is an herb of Venus, The leaves of Dittander bruised and mixed with hogs-lard, and applied as a cataplasm to the hip, help the sciatica ; chewed in the mouth, they cause a great flux of rheum to run out of it, and by that means are said to help scrofulous tu- in the throat: the women in Suffolk give them in ale to hasten the birth. 118 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL DITTANY OF CRETE.—(Origanum Dictamnus.) Descrip.—A very pretty plant that grows six or eight inches high ; the stalks are square, slender, hard, woody, and branched: the leaves are short, broad, and roundish ; they stand two at every joint, and are covered with a white downy matter. The flowers are small and purple : they grow in oblong and slender scaly heads, in the man- ner of those of origanum: and these heads are themselves very pretty, being elegantly variegated with green and cd It resembles penny-royal much, only the leaves are larger. Place.—It originally came from the isle of Candia, but grows with us in gardens, Time.—It flowers at the latter end of July, and begin- ning of August. | Government and Virtues.—It is an 1 5 nd Venus, and possesses the virtues of penny-royal, but in a superior degree. It is an excellent wound Ven and in much reputation among the ancients, for which Virgil may be quoted. It is good in decoction with wine, to procure speedy and easy deliverance, or with vervain, hyssop, and penny-royal ; or boiled in ale, is more effectual for the same purpose, Dittany and milk are good for spitting of blood. Bruised with polipody, and mixed with ho lard, it draws splinters out of flesh, and heals ; the roots are cordial and cephalic, resist putrefaction and poi- son, and are useful in malignant 9 pestilential distem- pers. The whole herb is for diseases of the head, and to open all manner of obstructions. It is a consi- derable ingredient in the Venice treacle, mithridate, and diascordium. DITTANY (WHITE.)—(Dictamnus Albus.) Cau.ep also Bastard, or False Dittany, or Dictamnum, and Fraxinella. | | Descrip.—This species of Dittany resembles in its leaves those of the ash-tree, only smaller, and from whence it derives its name. It grows about three feet high, very much branched, and very beautiful. The stalks are round, thick, firm, and of a green and or colour, ac- wre, M its state of forwardness. e leaves stand irre ly, the flowers are large and elegant; they are of a how white, ar striped, and sometimes light-blue, OCULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 119 and they stand in akind of spikes at the top of the branches. In the summer months, the whole plant is covered with a kind of inflammable substance, which is lutinous to the touch, and of very fragrant smell ; but if fe takes fire, it goes off with a fash all over the plant. This does it no harm, and may be repeated after three or four days, a new quantity of the inflammable matter be- 3 me in gard being hard At ws here ens, not to bear 1 of our elimate eee 5 Tima.—It flowers in June and July. Government and Virtues.—They are both under the dominion of Venus. The roots of this kind are the only part used; they are cordial, cephalic, resist poison and of the terms, DOCK (COMMON.)—/( Rumex Obtusifolius, ) Many kinds of these are so well known, that I shall not trouble you with a description of them. _ Government and Virtues.—All Docks are under Jupiter, of which the Red Dock, whichiscommonly called Bloodwort, cleanseth the blood and strengthens the liver; but the Yellow Dock root is best to be taken when either the blood cooling (but not all alike) drying quality, the sorrel being —.— obstructions of the womb, and procuring the dis- j out of the skin, if it be bathed therewith. The i water of the herb and roots have the same virtu other and discolourings therein. All Docks being boiled with meat, make it boil the 120 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. sooner ; besides, Bloodwort is exceeding * to the liver, and procures good blood, being as wholesome a pot herb as any growing in a garden. DODDER or THYME.—/ Cuscuta Huropea. ) Descrip.—This first, from seed, giveth roots in the ground, which shooteth forth threads or strings, grosser or finer as the property of the plant wherein it groweth and the climate doth suffer, creeping and spreading on that plant whereon it fasteneth, be it high or low. The strings have no leaves at all upon them, but wind and interlace themselves so thick upon a small plant, that it taketh away all comfort of the sun from it ; and is ready to choke or ae it. After these strings are risen up to that W er t they may draw nourishment from the plant, they seem to be broken off from the ground, either by the strength of their rising or — by the heat of the sun. Upon these strings are found clusters of small heads or husks, out of which shoot forth whitish flowers, which afterwards give small pale white-coloured seed, somewhat flat, and twice as big as a poppy-seed. It nerally participates of the nature of the plants it clim- th upon ; but the Dodder of Thyme is accounted the best, and is the ge! true one. Government and Virtues.—All Doddersare under Saturn. Tell me not of physicians crying up Epithymum, or that Dodder which grows upon Thyme, (most of which comes from Hemetius in Greece, or Hybla in Sicily, because those mountains abound with Thyme) he is a physician indeed that hath wit enough to choose his Dodder, accord- ing to the nature of the disease and humour peccant. We confess Thyme is the hottest herb it usually grows upon, and therefore that which grows upon Thyme is hotter than that which grows upon colder herbs; for it draws nourishment from what it grows upon, as well as from the earth where its root is, and thus you see old Saturn is wise enough to have two strings to his bow. This is accounted the most eflectual for melancholy diseases, and to purge black or burnt choler, which is the cause of bling of the hast; e,, ecttae only ling of the heart, faintin i It is he ful fn all diseases and pric ak the spleen, and 1 ly that arises from the windiness of the hypocondria. It purgeth also the reins or kidneys by urine ; it openeth ob- OULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 121 structions of the gall, whereby it profiteth them that have the jaundice ; as also the leaves the spleen ; purg- the veins of choleric and phlegmatic humours, and r e worm seed being added ereto. The other Dodders do, as I said before, participate of the nature of those plants whereon they grow: an that which hath been found growing upon nettles in the west country, hath 1 experience been found very effectual to ty of urine, where it hath been stopped or - ce ea of — rent. a ym and antipathy are two hinges upon whic the whole 4 of physic turns ; and that physician who inds them not, is like a door off from the hooks, more like to doa man mischief than tocure him. Then all the diseases Saturn causes this helps by eee and all the parts of the body he rules; such has are caused by Sol it helps by antipathy. DOG'S GRASS.—/ Tritioum Repens.) CALLED — — — and 8 Sean 0 ip.—It is well known that grass cree ar about under with long white jointed roots, and small fibres at every joint, very sweet in taste, as the rest of the herb is, and interlacing one another, from whence shoot forth many fair grassy leaves, small at the ends, and cutting or sharp on the edges. The stalks are like corn, with the like leaves on them, and a spiked head, with a long husk in them, and hard rough seedsinthem. If you know it not by this de- ion, watch the dogs when they are sick, and they s mena 4 lead you to it. Place. —It groweth commonly through this land in di- —— 2 — to the no small trouble of the husbandmen, as also of the gardener, in gardens, to weed if they can ; for it is a constant customer to the it gets footing in. ment and Virtues.—’Tia under the dominion of is the most medicinal of all the quick and drunk it openeth obstructions of the and the stoppings of urine, and easeth the of the belly, and inflammations ; wasteth the stone in the bladder, and the ulcers The seed doth more powerfully expel urine, = 8 4 11 5 4 i = 7 122 CULPEPEK'S COMPLETE HERBAL. and stayeth laxes and vomiting. The distilled water alone, or with a little worm- killeth the worms in children. The way of use is to bruise the roots, and having well boiled them in ‘white wine, drink the decoction; it is opening, but not purging, very safe; tis a remedy against diseases coming of stopping, and such are half those that are incident to the body of man; and although a gardener be of another opinion, yet a physician holds an acre of them to be worth five acres of carrots twice told over. DOG’S MERCURY.—( Mercurialis Perennis. ) Descrip.—This is a rank poisonous plant, that grows about a foot high, and has but few leaves, but they are ; the stalk is round, thick, whitish, pointed, and a little hairy: the leaves stand principally towards the top, four, five, or six, seldom more ; they are long, and con- siderably broad, sharp-pointed, notched about the edges, and a little hairy. Place.—It is most commonly found under hedges, Government and eee species of Mercury has been confounded with others of the same name, with which it has been thought to agree in nature. But there is not a more fatal plant, native of our country, than this. The common herbals, as Gerard's and Parkinson's, in- stead of cautioning their readers against the use of this plant, after some trifling, idle o ations, upon the qualities of Mercurys in geueral, dismiss the article with- out noticing its baneful effects. Other writers, more ac- curate, have done this; but they have written in Lati alanguage not very likely to inform those who stan most in need of this caution. This is one of the reasons for the compiling of this work ; and, among many others, evinces the necessity of placing the Latin name gmap to the English one, to prevent that confusion which simi- larity of English might unfortunately create. DOG ROSE. ( Rosa Canina.) CALLED also ang Rose. * Descrip.— The Dog Rose has baa leaves like garden roses, but smoother and greener ; the flowers are single, of five white, and sometimes pale red leaves, and when ‘hey are fallen, there succeed roundish red seed-vessela, CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL, 128 full of pulp, inclosing white cornered seed, covered with short stiff hairs. On the stalks of this plant grow a green spongy excrescence, made by small flies. Place.—It grows commonly in the hedges about Cam- bridge. an-. flowers in May and June, and the seed is ripe at the begin Sy! of September. Government and Virtues.—It is under the dominion of the Moon. The flowers of the Wild Briar are accounted rather more restringent than the Garden Roses, and by some are reckoned as a specific for the excess of the cata- menia. The pulp of the hips has a pleasant grateful acidity, strengthens the stomach, cools the heat of fevers, is coger for coughs and spitting of blood, and the scurvy. e seed has been known to do great things against the stone and gravel ; and the same virtues are attributed to the spongy excrescence which grows upon the stalk. The best way of preserving its virtues is, by keeping it conserved. DOG’S TOOTH VIOLET.—(Zrythroniwm dens Canis.) ip.—A very pretty plant, small, with two broad leaves, and a large drooping flower: it grows five or six inches high. The stalk is round, slender, weak, and 42 towards the top, and often white at the bottom. lea ves stand a little height above ground: they are somewhat broad, of a beautiful green, not at all dented at the and blunt at the end. They inclose the stalk at the . The flower is large and white, but with a tinge of reddish : it hangs down, is long, hollow, and very elegant. The root is roundish, and has some fibres growing from its bottom ; it is full of a slimy pulp. Place.—It grows frequently in gardens, but must not be sought for wild. Time.—It flowers in June, and is in perfection till the fall of the leaf. Government and Virtues.—This useful plant is govern- ed by the Moon. The fresh gathered roots are the best to be used, for 1 a5 very ill, and generally lose their virtues entirely. ey are good against worms in chil- dren, and speedily ease the pains of the belly which are produced thereby. The best way of giving them is, in the expressed juice; or if children will not take that, the may be boiled in milk, to which thoy wive Very little tants. 124 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL It should be remembered it isa very powerful remedy, and a small dose will take effect, ially of the juice, 80 that it is best to begin with very little; and as that is well borne, to increase the quantity. DOVE’S-FOOT.—( Geranium Molle.) Descrip.—This hath divers small, round, pale green leaves ae in about the edges, much like mallows, stand- ing upon long, reddish, hairy stalks, lying in a round compass upon the — among which rise up two, or three, or more reddish jointed, slender, weak hairy stalks ae ee ae thereon, but smaller, e on 3 up to the tops, where grow many very sma ight, red flowers of five leaves peli after which follow small heads with small short beaks pointed forth, as all other sorts of this herb do. Place.—It groweth in pasture E and by the path-sides in many places and will Time. —It flowereth in June, July, and August, some earlier and some later; and the is ripe quickly after. Government and Virtues.—It is a very gentle, though martial plant. It is found by experience to be sin 82 for wind colic, as also to expel the stone and gravel the kidneys. The decoction thereof in wine, is an excellent remedy for those that have inward wounds, hurts, or bruises, both to stay the bleeding, to dissolve and expel the congealed blood, and to heal the parta, as also to cleanse and heal outward sores, ulcers, and fistu- las ; and for green wounds many do only bruise the herb and apply it to the place, and it healeth them quickly. The same decoction in wine fomented to any place pained with gout, or to joint-ache, or pains of the sinews, giveth much ease. The powder or decoction of the herb taken for some time together, is found by experience to be oe lar good for ruptures and burstings in people, either young or old. DOWN, or COTTON-THISTLE.—(Carduus Vulgatissimus.) Descrip.—This hath large leaves lying on the ground, lesan. cut in, and as it were crumpled on the A sa of a green colour on the upper side, but covered with lo hairy wool or cotton down, set with most sharp and crue 5 40 from the middle of whose heads or flowers thrust CULPEPER’S COMPL: TE HERBAL 125 forth many purplish crimson threads, and sometimes, al- though seldo white ones. The seed that followeth in the h lying in a great deal of white down, is some- what large, long, and round like the seed of Ladies Thistle but somewhat paler. The root is great and thick, spread- much, yet it usually dieth after seed time. lace—Iit groweth in divers ditches, banks, and in corn fields and highways, generally everywhere through- out the land. Time.—lIt flowereth and beareth seed about the end of summer, when other thistles do flower and seed, Government and Virtues.—Mars owns the plant, and manifests to the world, that though it may hurt your finger, it will help your body; for I fancy it much for the ensuing virtues. Pliny and Dioscorides write, that the leaves and roots thereof taken in driuk help those that have a crick in their neck, whereby they cannot turn their neck but their whole body must turn also 2 they do not mean those that have got a crick in their nec * 5 under the hangman's hand.) Galen saith, that e roots and leaves hereof are of a healing quality, and are good for such persons as have their bodies drawn to- = by some spasm or convulsion, as it) is with chil- that have the rickets, or rather, as the College of Physicians will have it, the rachites ; for which name of the disease they have in a particular treatise lately set forth by them, Jearnedly disputed and put forth to public view, the world may see they have taken much pains to little purpose. DRAGON.—(Dracontium.) Taxr are so well known to every one that plants them in their that they need no description ; if not, let them look down to the lower end of the stalks, and see how like a snaké they look. Government and Virtues.—The plant is under the do- min ion of Mars, and therefore it would be a wonder if it should want some obnoxious quality or other: in all herbs of that quality, the safest way is either to distil the herb in alembic, in what vehicle you please, or else to press out the juice and distil that in a glass-still in sand, It scoureth and cleanseth the internal parts of the body bie 2 and it cleareth the external parts 2 externally applied, from freckles, morphew, a 126 OCULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. sun-burnings ; your best way to use it externally is to mix it with vinegar : an ointment of it is held to be good in wounds and ulcers ; it consumes cankers, aud that flesh le in the nose which they call polypus: also the distilled water being dropped into the eyes takes away spots there, or the pin and web, and mends dimness of sight; it is excellent good against pestilence and poison. Pliny and Dioscorides affirm, that no serpent will meddle with him that carries the herb about him. DROPWORT.—(Ocenanthe Fistulosa, et Crocata.) Descrip.—The roots of Dropwort consist of a great number of oval glandules fastened together by slender strings, from which spring several long, narrow, and as it were pinnated leaves, whose pinne are serrated, and not much unlike the smaller burnet saxifrage leaves: the stalks grow to be about a foot high, having but few leaves thereon, but on their tops a pretty many le in form of an umbel, which are white within, and reddish on the outside, made of six leaves, with a great number of yellowish stamina in the middle; which are succeeded by several flattish seeds growing-in a head together. Place.—It grows in chalky grounds, Time.—It flowers in June and July; the root being chiefly used. Government and Virtues.—Pimpernel Dropwort, (Spirea Fi‘ipendula,) which some have described as a lesser species of the filipendula, differs in nothing, according to their own account, from this, but in size, and is evidently a variety. They are accounted under Venus. Dropwort, especially the root, is counted diuretic, and good for the stone, gravel, and stoppage of urine. DUCK’S-MEAT, on DUCK WEED.—(Lens Palustris.) CALLxo also Water Lentils. This is so well known to swim on the tops of standing waters, as tame pools, and ditches, that it is needless further to describe it. Government and Virtues.—Cancer claims the herb, and the Moon will be lady of it: a word is enough to a wise man. It is effectual to help inflammations and St. An- thony’s fire, as also the gout, either applied by itself or in a poultice with barley meal. The distilled water is highly esteemed by some against all inward inflammations CULPEPER S COMPLETE HERBaL. 127 and pestilential fevers ; as also to help the redness of the eyes and swellings of the testicles, and of the breasts be- fore they be grown too much. The fresh herb applied 8 — forehead, easeth the pains of the head-ache coming eat. EGLANTINE.—( Rosa Rubiginosa. ) Cal also Sweet Briar, Wild Briar, and Pimpernel Place.—It is cultivated in most gardens and pleasure- grounds, and likewise grows wild in the borders of fields, and in woods. Time.—It begins to shoot forth its buds early in the spring, and flowers during the time of other roses. Government and Pirtues.— This is under the dominion of Jupiter. The spongy apples or balls which are found upon the le pounded to a paste, and mixed with honey and wood-ashes, are excellent for the alopecia or falling of the hair, and being dried and powdered, and taken in white wine, remove the strangury, and strength- en the kidneys. The same boiled in a strong decoction of the roots, is for venomous bites. The red berries which the flowers, called hips, if made into a conserve, and eaten occasionally, gently bind the belly, stop defluxions of the head and stomach, help digestion sharpen the a te, and dry up the moisture of cold rheum and phlegm upon the stomach. The powder of the dried pulp is for the whites, and if mixed, with the powder of the balls, and given in small quantities, is also good for the colic, and to destroy worms, ELDER.—(Sambucus Nigra.) p. -The Elder-Tree is a common hedge-tree, whose spreading branches have a eng, pith in the mid- dle; the outside bark is of an ash-colour, under which is another that is green. The leaves are pinnated, of two or three pair of pinne, with an odd one at the end, which is larger than the rest; they are oval, sharp-pointed, and serrated about the edges. o flowers grow in large flat umbels ; they are small, of one leaf, cut into five sections, with as many small stamina ; and are succeeded by small round deep le berries, full of a purple juice, Place,—The Elder-tree grows frequently in hedges, especially in moist places, 12 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. Time.—It flowers in May, and the berries are ripe in 2 The bark, leaves, flowers, and berries are Government and Virtues.— This is under the dominion of Veuus. The first shoots of the Common Elder boiled like asp: s, and the young leaves and stalks boiled in fat broth, do mightily carry forth phlegm and choler. The middle or inward bark boiled in water, and given in drink works much more violently ; and the berries, either green or dry, expel the same humour, and are often given with success to help the dropsy ; the bark of the root iled in wine, or the juice thereof drank, works the same effects, but more powerfully than either the leaves or fruit. The juice of the root taken, a A arg vomiti and purges the watery humours of the dropsy. The de- coction of the root taken, cures the bite of an adder, and bites of mad-dogs. It mollifies the hardness of the mo- ther, if women sit thereon, and opens their veins, and brings down their courses: the berries boiled in wine, form the same effect: and the hair of the head washed therewith, is made black, The juice of the green leaves applied to the hot inflammations of the eyes assuages them ; the juice of the leaves snuffed up into the nostrils, 1 the re of me i the 2 of 8 berries bo 2 with honey, and dropped into the ears, helps the pains o them; the decoction of the berries in wine being drunk, provokes urine; the distilled water of the flowers is of much use to clean the skin from sun-burning, freckles, morphew, or the like; and takes away the head - ache, com- ing of a cold cause, the head being bathed therewith. The leaves or flowers distilled in the month of May, and the legs often washed with the said distilled water, takes n ulcers and sores of them. The eyes washed therewith, it takes away the redness and blood -shot; and the hands washed morning and evening therewith, helps the palsy, and shaking of them. ELDER (DWARF.)—(Sambucus Humilis. ) Descrip.— This is a pretty looking low plant, sending u various spreadin take, Teh fall down every year, an rise again in the spring; on the top of these Ww umbels of white flowers, having pe wen 4 a 0¹ purple, each of one small leaf, divided into five segments; which are succeeded by round berries, when ripe, of a deep purple, or black colour, and full of a purplish juice. 1 —— — S ____ CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL 12% The root is thick, and creeping on the surface of the earth. Placs.— The Dwarf Elder grows wild in many places ot ae me. — Most of the Elder trees flower in June, and their fruit is ripe for the most part in August. But the in r gout, iles, and women’s diseases; co- lours ir black, helps the inflammations of the eyes, and pains in the ears, the bite of serpents, or mad dogs, 1 — scaldings, the wind colic, colic and stone, i ty of urine, the cure of old sores, and fistulous Ply ng E or the jaundice and dropsy; e same intention a cee oe fe yout and seeds is comin ess but joined with proper correctors, they being very in their . a Without. The u d oil of seed is by some outwardly used to assuage the pain of inner bark of the Common Elder decocted, operates both by vomit and stool. The same effect is observed but in a milder d of the young buds, ifin the spring, eaten as CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 181 HELLEBORE (BLACK.)—( Helleborus Niger.) Call also Setter-wort, Setter-grass, Bear's-foot, “la — tap — apeaag i Ae ip.—It sun fair green leaves risin m the root, each of them standing about a handful high from the earth; each leaf is divided into seven, eight, or nine parts, dented in the middle of the leaf to the point sides, abiding n all the winter; about Christmas- time, if the weather be any thing temperate, the flowers appear upon foot-stalks, also consisting of five large, round, white leaves a-piece, which sometimes are purplish towards the edges, with many pale yellow be, in the middle ; the seeds are black, and in form long and round. The root consists of numberless blackish strings all united into one head. There is another 22 which grows in the woods very like this, but only the leaves are smaller and narrow- er, and perish in the winter, which this does not. Place.—The first grows in gardens, The second ia com- monly found in the woods in Northamptonsbire. Time.—The first flowers in December or January; the second in February or March. Government and Virtues.—It is an herb of Saturn, and therefore no marvel if it has some sullen conditions with it, and would be far safer, being purified by the alchymist than given raw. Goat's milk is an antidote for it, if an one suffers from taking too much. The roots are very ef- fective in quartan agues and madness, they help falling sick- ness, the leprosy, both the yellow and black jaundice, the gout, sciatica, and convulsions. Used asa pessary, the roots provoke the terms acetone J ; also being beaten to 22 and strewed upon foul ulcers, it eats away the flesh, and instantly heals them: nay, it helps gan- in the beginning. Twenty grains taken inwardly a sufficient dose for one time, and let that be corrected with half as much cinnamon. | HELLEBORE (WHITE,) on INDIAN POKE,—( Vera- trum Viride.) Descrip.—The roots are thick at the head, white on the inside, and very full of fibres all round, of a hot nauseous iced s ape perpen 72421 5 4 high; they are green, firm, and upright. The lower leaves are large, of a deep green, divided into several parts, sharp 7 182 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL inted and serrated at the edges. The flowers are umbel- iferous, large, and singular; they have no cup, they are green, but paler than the leaves, and they have a great number of threads, with white buttons in their centre. The seed-vessels appear among these, and afterwards ri- pen ; the flower not falling, but remaining with them. Place.—It is a scarce plant. It has been found in woods in Kent and Sussex, and in Buckinghamshire, Time.—It flowers early in spring. Government and Fee ta the former it is a cold Saturnine plant, and but in an inferior degree the virtues of Black Hellebore. The leaves dried and powdered, are given to robust habits ; as also the infusion of the leaves, but it is a very harsh medicine, and should be given with caution. The powder of the dried root ought not to be given to pregnant women. HEMLOCK.—(Conium Maculatum.) Descrip.—The common t Hemlock grows up with à green stalk, four or five feet high, or more, full of red spots sometimes, and at the joints very large winged leaves one set against the other, dented about the edges, of a sad green colour branched towards the top, where it is full of umbels of white flowers, and afterwards with whitish flat seed ; the root is long, white, and sometimes crooked, and hollow within. The whole plant, and every part, has a strong, heady, and ill-favoured scent. Place.—It grows by walls and hedges throughout all parts of this country. Time.—It flowers and seeds in July, or thereabouts. Government and Virtues.—Saturn claims dominion over this herb. Hemlock is ry in cold, and 2 dan- gorous, especially to be taken inwardly. It may safely be applied to inflammations, tumults, and swellings in any part of the body, as also to St. Anthony's fire, wheals, pushes, and creeping ulcers that arise of hot hu- mours, by cooling and repelling the heat ; the leaves bruis- ed and laid to the brow or forehead, are good for red and swollen eyes; as also to take away a pin and web grow- ing there; take a small handful of this herb, and half as much bay-salt, beat together, and applied to the contrary wrist of the hand, removes it in two applications, The root roasted and applied to the hands, helps the gout. Pure wine is the best antidote if too much of this herb is taken CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 188 Poisonous Water Hemlock, Cicuta Virosa, and Thick Wa- ter Hemlock, are but accidental variations which situation and soil naturally produce, they are thought to be poiron- ous, but there is nothing certain on this head. HEMP.—( Cannabis Sativa.) Descrip.—The stalks grow to five or six feet high, au- gular, covered with a strong tough bark : and clothed with ay digitated or fing ; say each leaf peter of ve, six, or seven parts, long and narrow, s poin and serrated about the the middlemost nf BE est, set together upon one long footstalk ; they are green above, hoary underneath, and rough in handling. The flowers grow toward the tops of the stalks, in that they call the male, in small and staminous bunches, which per- ish without bringing any seed; that being produced by the female only, without any previous flowers, Place.—It is cultivated in many counties, Time.—It ia sown at the end of March, or beginning of April ; and is ripe in August or September. Government and Virtues.—It is a plant of Saturn. The seed expels wind, and too much use of it dries up the seed ne ; yet being boiled in milk, and taken, hel as nave a hot or cough. The emulsion of the seed is for the jaundice, if there be ague accompany- ing it, for it opens obstructions of the and causes di- gestion of choler. The emulsion or decoction of the seed stays the lax and continual fluxes, eases the colic, and al- the troublesome humours of the bowels, it also stays ing at the mouth, nose, or other places, It is good to kill worms in man or beast ; and the juice dropped into the ears kills worms in them, and draws forth earwigs or other living creatures. The decoction of the root allays inflammations of the head, or any other parts; the herb or the distilled water of it, does the same. The decoction of the root eases the pains of the gout, the hard hu- mours of knots in the joints, the pains and shrinkings of the ty ory the pains of the hips. The fresh root mix- ed with a little oil and butter, is good for burns. HENBANE (COMMON.)—( Hyoscyamus Niger.) Deserip.—Our Common Henbane has very large, thic soft, woolly leaves, lying on the ground, mach met in, torn on the edges, of a dark, fll greyish green colour; 7 184 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL among which arise up divers thick and short stalks, two or three feet high, spread into divers small branches, with lesser leaves on them, and many hollow flowers, scarce ap- pearing above the husk, and usually torn on one side, ending in five round points, wing one above another, of a pu? ape colour, paler towards the edges, with many purplish veins therein, and of a dark yellowish vur- ple in the bottom of the flower, with a small point of the same colour in the middle, each of them stand in a hard close husk, which, after the flowers are passed, grows ra- ther 8 at the top points, wherein is contained much small very like poppy seed, but of a ausky greyi colour. The root is great, white, and thick, branching forth divers ways under ground, so like parsnips that it has deceived many. The whole plant, more than the root, has a very heavy, ry Masso smell, Place.—It grows by way-sides, and under hedges. ime-—It flowers annually in May, June and July. overnment and Virtues.—This herb is under the domi- nion of Saturn. The leaves cool inflammations of the eyes, and any part of the body, and are good for the swel- lings of the testicles, or womens’ breasts, or elsewhere, if they be boiled in wine, and either applied themselves, or the fomentation warm; it also assuages the pain of the ut, the sciatica, and other pains in the joints which arise a cold cause, and applied with . to the tem- ples and forehead, helps the head-ache, and want of sleep in hot fevers. The juice of the herb or seed, does the same. The oil of the seed is good for deafness, noise, and worms in the ears, being dro there ; the juice of the herb or root acts the same. e decoction of the herb or seed, kills lice in man or beast. The fume of the dried herb, stalks and seeds, burned, quickly heals swellings, chilblains or kibes in the hands or feet, by holding them in the fumes thereof. This herb must never be taken in- wardly, it is altogether an outward medicine. Goat’s milk, Houey water, and Mustard-seed, are amongst the best _ antidotes when Henbane has been taken inwardly. HENRY (GOOD.)—(Mercurialis Annud.) Caen also English Mercury. Descrip.—This plant has a thick, yellowish, perennial root, with several nbres; the leaves grow upon long foot- stalke of a triangular shape, like spinach, of a yellow — — CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL, 185 green colour, feeling greasy or unctuous in handling. The stalks grow about 5 foot high, with several of the like leaves growing on them; and, on their tops, spikes of small herbaceous flowers, inclosing little a Black seeds. Place,—It _— in waste places, amongst rubbish. Time.—It flowers in spring. Government and Virtues.—It is under the dominion of Mercury. This herb is detersive and diuretic, and ought to have a place in vulnerary decoctions and fomentations. It is preferred to spinach, and is much va salar in firm- ness and flavour. The young shoots, the succeeding leaves, and at last the flowery tops, are fit for kitehen pur- poses. It is good for scurvy, and provokes urine ; out- wardly it is much used in clysters, and a cataplasm of the leaves helps the pains of the gout. HERB CHRISTOPHER.—/(Actea Spicata.) Descrip.—This is a ies of the Bane-berry. The root is long and thick, black on the outside, yellow within, and of a disagreeable taste. The firat leaves are large, and divided into a great many parts three together ; so that they resemble some of the umbelliferous plants : they are of a dusky green, and of a glossy surface. The stalk is green, upright, branched, anda yard high; the up- per leaves resemble those of the root ; they are large, and their separate are broad, serrated, and have also a kind of trifid division. The flowers are small and white ; they stand in clusters upon tender foot-stalks, sate, a kind of spike, and the berries are of a roundish, but somewhat of an oblong figure, and black. Place,—It is found in woods in our northern counties. Time.—It flowers in July, the berries ripen in August. Government and Virtues.—It is under the dominion of Saturn. The berries are poisonous, Outwardly the leaves are good for inflammations, and supply the place of Com- mon Nightshade. They may 3442 applied with good success to hard tumours or swellings on the breast. HERB ROBERT.—( Geranium Robertianum. ) 2 rises up with a reddish stalk two feet high, having divers leaves thereon, upon very long aud reddish foot-stalks, divided at the ends into three or five divisions, each of them cut in on the edges, some deeper than the others, and all dented likewise about the edges, which G* — 186 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL sometimes turn reddish. At the tops of the stalks come forth divers flowers made of five leaves, much larger than the dove's-foot, and of a more reddish colour; after which come black heads, as in others: the root is small and thready, and smells as the whole plant, very strong. Place. This grows every where, by the way-sides, on ditch banks, and upon waste grounds. Time.—It flowers in June and July, and the seed is ripe shortly afterwards. Government and Virtues.--It is under the dominion of Venus, and is commended against the stone, and to ag blood, where or however flowing ; it speedily heels green wounds, and is effectual in old ulcers in the privy 2 or elsewhere. All geraniums are vulnaries, but this erb more reagan so, only rather more detersive and diuretic, which quality is discovered by its strong, soapy smell ; it answers very well taken inwardly with wine in pone and also outwardly applied, for old ruptures. A ecoction of it has also been of service in obstructions of the kidneys and in gravel. HERB TRUE-LOVE.—(Paris Quadrifolia.) CALLED also One-Berry. Descrip.—True-Love has a small creeping root runnin ‘under the uppermost crust of the nine shooting fort stalks with leaves, some of which carry no berries, and others which do; every stalk smooth without joints, and blackish green, about a foot high, if it bear berries, otherwise seldom so high; at the top there are four leaves set di- rie one against another, in the manner of a cross or rib- band tied, in a true-love’s knot, which are each of them apart, like the Nightshade leaf, but somewhat broader, having sometimes three, sometimes five, sometimes six, leaves, and those sometimes greater than in others; in the middle of the four leaves rises up one small slender about an inch high; bearing at the tops one flower sp open like a star, consisting of four small and long narrow inted leaves of a yellowish green colour, and four others ying between them less than they; in the middle thereof tn a dark round purplish button or head, compassed about with eight small yellow mealy threads with three colours. This button or head becomes a blackish purple berry, full of juice, about the size of a grape, having many white seeds, The whole plant is without taste, CULPEPER S COMPLETE HERBAL. 187 Piace.—It grows in woods and copses, and sometimes in the borders of fields and waste grounds, in many parts of this country, and abundantly in the woods about Cbisle- hurst and Maidstone in Kent. ie Siege spring up in April or May, and flower soon after, and the berries are ripe in May and June. Government and Pirtues. Venus owns it; the leaves on berries are good as antidotes against all kinds of poison, especially that of aconites, and pestilential disorders, The roots in powder, taken in wine, ease the pains of colic ; the leaves are very effectual for n wounds, and to heal filthy old sores and ulcers, and powerful to discuss all tumours and swellings in the privy parts, the * or any other part of the body, and to allay all inflammations. The juice of the leaves applied to felons, or those uails of the hands or feet that have sores or imposthumes at the roots of th.m, heals them in a short time. HOLLY, HOLM, on HULVER-BUSH.—(Jlex Aquifolium.) ip.—This isa well-known large bush. The bark is whitish on the trunk, but the young shoots are green. The leaves are oblong, irregular at the edges and prickly ; the flowers are greenish, and the berries black, Another species has thinner leaves, and yellow berries. Place.—This is often planted as a garden-hedge. Time.—It flowers in May. Government and Virtues.—The tree is Saturnine. The berries expel, and are profitable in the colic. The berries have a strong faculty in them; if you eat a dozen of them in the morning fasting, when they are ripe and not dri they the body of gross and clammy phlegm ; but i ou toy the berries, and beat them into a powder, they ind the body, and stop fluxes, bloody-fluxes, and the terms in women ; the bark and the leaves also are excel- lent, being used in fomentations for broken bones, and such members as are out of joint. HOLLY (SEA.)—( Eryngium Maritimum.) Catuxp also Sea Eryngo. cote pag first leaves of our Sea Holly are not so bard rickly as when they ete old, being almost round, cot deeply dented about the edges, hard and sharp pointed, and a little crumpled, of a bluish green colour, 188 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. every one upon a long foot-stalk ; but those that grow up higher with the . encompass it about. The stalk is round and strong, crested with joints and leaves, divid- ed, sharp and prickly ; the branches rising from thence, which have likewise other small branches, each of them having several round prickly heads, with many small, jag od, prickly leaves under them, standing like a star, and sometimes found greenish or whitish ; the root grows to eight or ten feet in length, set with circles on the up- r part, cut smooth, and without joints lower down, rownish on the outside, and very white within, with a ce in the middle, of a pleasant taste, but much more, ing artificially preserved, and candied with sugar. Place.—It is found plentifully about the sea-coast. Time.—It flowers at the end of summer, and gives ripe seed within a month afterwards, Government and Virtwes.—Sea Holly is under the Moon: the roots are hepatic and diuretic, opening obstructions of the liver, helping the jaundice and dropsy, provoking urine, and easing the strangury. Candied with sugar, the roots are very restorative, good for consumptive persons, and those wasted with long illness and too much venery, they are reckoned strengtheners to the parts of generation, and are recommended for the lues venerea and gonorrhcea, HOLLYHOCKS (GARDEN.)—( Althea Hosea.) Descrip.—This is a tall nian, six or seven feet high, with thick round stalks, and large hairy round leaves; the flowers grow upon the stalk, coming forth with the leaves, bei of one leaf cut into five segments, of a icles Beye Eng Belin a spiked umbo in the middle, full of dusty apices, The roots are branched, white Sd blew Place.—It grows only in gardens. Time.—It flowers in July and August. Government and Virtues.—This species of mallows is of the nature of Common Marsh-mallows, but less mollify- ing ; itis mostly used in gargles for the swelling of the tonsils, and the relaxation of the uvula, All the parts of the plant have a rough and austere taste, but more es- pecially the root, which is of a very binding nature, and may be used to advantage both inwardly and outwardly, for incontinence of urine, immoderate menses, bleeding wounds, spitting of blood, the bloody- flux, and other fluxes of the belly. It is also of efficacy in a spongy state of the CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 189 gums, attended with looseness of the teeth, and soreness in the mouth. Dried and reduced to powder, or boiled iu wine, and partaken of freely, it prevents e N helps ruptures, dissolves coagulated blood from falls, blows, &c., and kills worms in children. HONEWORT (CORN.) ( Sison, rhage or Cryptotenta ensis. Descrip.—This rises from a long, thick, white root, the stalks are numerous, round, fleshy, and a foot and a half high, of a pale and bluish colour. ‘The leaves grow at equal distances; they are usually drooping, finely cut at the edges, and pointed, sometimes spot with white, the colour is a bluish oe The flowers are few, and, like the leaves of the plant, hang down ; they are yellow the part, and purple at the base, though some are white. W ws in corn- fields, and in thick hedges. Time. —It flowers in July. Government and Virtues.—It is a flower of the Sun; a vulnerary. The flowers contain a deal of honey- lies, they are cooling and moistening, good for inflamma- tions of the liver, St. Anthony’s fire, redness and pimples in the face, being applied to the parts affected as a cata- plasm, or cloths dipped in the juice, laid on, and now and then shifted ; into a poultice with hogs’-lard, it helps hot swellings and tumors. HONEWORT (SLENDER.)—(Stson Ammonium.) Descrip.—This is a species of stone parsley, a weak plant? of two feet and a half in height; the stalk is Lewes, and „ Ae supporting itself by leaning inst the : the leaves are of a fine green; the flowers are small and white: and the seeds are of an olive brown. Place.—It is found in damp thickets, and moist hedges. Time.—It flowers in July. Government and Virtues.—This little plant is under the dominion of Venus, in the sign Cancer, and is excellent to allay swellings, which are called Hones. The leaves are to be gathered, and beat in a mortar with a Kind of paste. tue are then to be laid ou a swelling that is red, pain - ful, and threatens bad consequences, which they disperse It is good for disorders of the skin, and even in the king’s- evil. The Corn Honewor possesses still more virtue. 190 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. HONEY-SUCKLE.—(Lonicora Caprifolium.) Cauep also Woodbine, — Descrip.—The trunk or body of this bush is seldom much thicker than the wrist, shooting out long, twining, slender stalks, which twist about anything they meet with: the leaves grow two together, at a joint, of a long round form, pointed at the end, of a bluish colour; the flowers are made up of several long slender tubes set together, open at the top, with broad lips, turned back with several stamina in the middle, of a pale red colour, and a pleasant smell, succeeded by small red berries, Place,—It grows every where in the hedges. Tvme.—It flowers nearly all summer Government and Virtues.—This is a hot martial plant in the sign of Cancer. The leaves are the only parts used, and are put into isms for sore throats. Some re- commend a decoction for a cough, and the phthisic, and to open obstructions of the liver and spleen. The oil made by infusion of the leaves, is healing and warming, and good for the cramp and convulsions of the nerves. HONEY-SUCKLE (DWARF.)—( Cornus Herbacea.) Descrip.—The root is long, slender and spreading, and is furnished with many fibres. The stalk is round, slen- der, upright, and about five inches high, The leaves are in 2 large, oblong, broad-pointed at the ends, and marked with high ribs: they have no foot-stalks, and their colour is of a bluish green. The flower is large and white, and stands at the top of the stalk, but there usual- ly rises two little shoots from the same point; each of which has two or four leaves on it like the others. The fruit consists of several small berries joined together, of a fine red. As this plant decays it becomes more red. Place.—It grows on hills in the north of England Time.—It flowers in May. Government and Virtues.—This is a martial herb. The root is bitterish vn taste, one leaves mildly mie evens up with s , the leaves e a very agreeable jelly, which is ee use in hot bilious fevers, and ee dis- orders. A decoction of the bark is a good lotion for the itch, and other cutaneous eruptions. 4) * OULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 191 HONEY-WORT.—(Cerinthe Major.) Descrip.—There are several species of the Honey-worts, consisting of the great, small, and the rough, as the great- er yellow and red, the greater yellow and purple, and the lesser yellow and white. The greater Honey-wort grows upon a thick green stock to a moderate height, having a number of deep-pointed green leaves, placed one above another; towards the top of each stalk come umbels of very sweet flowers, thick set, and rising up spiral or crest- ed ; of a bright yellow colour, though some are red, others and some perfectly white. lace.—They grow in England in gardens. Time.—They spring up in April, and flower from May to August, but perish in the winter. Government and Virtues eye ie 28 under Mercury, and are of a cold quality, and somewhat astringent. They stop bleeding at the mouth and nose, immoderate fluxes of the belly, and womens’ courses, The juice of the herb, witha little saffron dissolved in it, is an excellent remedy for weak, watery, bleared eyes, and is used to heal foul ulcers, after they have been cleansed, particularly in tender parts of the body. It is used i of Bugloss and Borage. HOPS.—( Humulus Iupulus.) Descrip.—The Hop runs to a t height, climbing u and twisting round the poles whieh are * for 3 port; the branches are rough and hairy, being pea 0 vine-like leaves, divided into three parts, serrated about the edges. On the tops of the stalks, grow clusters of large, loose, scaly heads, of a pale eer yellow colour when ripe, and a pretty strong smell. Place.—The man hops are cultivated in gardens ; the wild are found frequently in hedges, Time.—They are 1 in Septembes. Government and Pirtuss.—It is under the dominion of Mars. This will open obstructions of the liver and spleen, cleanse the blood, loosen the belly, cleanse the reins from gravel, and 3 urine. The decoction of the tops cleanses the blood, cures the venereal disease, and all kinds of scabs, itch, and other breakings out of the body; as also tettera, ringworms, spreading sores, the morphew, and all discolourings of the skin. e decoction of the flowers and tops help to expel poison. Half a dram of the seed in 192 CULPEPER’® COMPLETE HERBAL. 8 taken in drink, kills worms in the body, brings own womens’ courses, and expels urine. A syrup made of the juice and sugar, cures the yellow jaundice, eases the head-ache that comes of heat, and tempers the heat of the liver and stomach, and is profitable given in long and hot agues that arise from choler and blood. The young hop sprouts, which appear in March and April being mild, if boiled and served up like asparagus, are a very 9 as well as a pleasant tasted spring food. They purify the blood, and keep the body gently open. HOREHOUND.—(Marubium Vulgare.) Descrip.—Common Horehound grows up with square hairy stalks, half a yard or two feet high, set in the joints with two crumpled rough leaves of a sullen hoary green colour, of a good scent but a bitter taste. The flowers are 4 white, and gaping, set in a rough hard pa husk round about the joints, with the leaves from the middle of the stalk upward, wherein afterward is found small round blackish seed. The root is blackish, hard and woody, with man shin, ; and abides many years. Place.—Iit is found in waste dry grounds in England. Time.—It flowers in July, the seed is ripe in Au Government and Virtues,—It is an herb of Mercury. A decoction of the dried herb, with the seed, or the juice of the n herb taken with honey, is a good remedy for a cough, or agin ge. It helps to 8 tough phlegm from the chest, being taken with the roots. It is given to women to bring down their courses, to expel the afterbirth, and to them that have sore and long travails; as also to persons who have taken poison. The leaves used with honey, purge foul ulcers, stay running and creeping sores, and the growing of the flesh over the nails. It also helps pains in the sides. The juice, with wine and honey, helps to clear the eyesight, and snuffed up the nostrils, it urges away the yellow jaundice ; and, with oil of roses, 8 into the ears, eases the pains of them. It opens obstructions both of the liver and spleen, and used out- wardly it cleanses the chest and lungs, A decoction of Horehound is available for those that have hard livers, or those who have the itch or running tetters. The powder taken, or the decoction, kills worms; the green leaves bruised, and boiled in hog’s-grease into an ointment, heals the hites of dogs, abates the swollen part and pains which 1 — CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 193 come by eke theres with vinegar, it cleanses and heals tetters. e syrup of Horehound is excellent for cold rheums in the lungs of old people, and for those who are asthmatical or short-winded. HOREHOUND (BLACK.)—/(Balota Nigra.) ip.—The Black Horehound ws taller, and is more branched than the white, with taller darker leaves, of a keen earthy smell. The flowers are found among the leaves, in two clusters on each side of the stalk, towards the fore part of it, each cluster on a common foot-stalk, and every flower in a wide-mouthed five-cornered N calyx of a red colour, being galated and labiated, they ap- pear a little above the calyx : the seeds are in the bottom, small and oblong. The root is long, and spreads much. Place.—It grows in bye-paths and in hedges. Time.—It flowers in July. Government and Virtues.—This is also under Mercury. but has not as much virtue as the former. The leaves and tops only are used. The leaves beaten with salt, and a ed to the wound, cures the bites of mad dogs, and the juice, mixed with honey, cleanses foul ulcers. It is recom- m as aremedy against hysteric and hypochondriac affections. It is an intense bitter, which bespeaks it to be a strengthener of weak stomachs ; it is endowed with the properties of a balsam, and is a powerful alterative, and capable of opening obstructions of any kind; it is a pro- moter of the menses ; some praise it very much as a pec- toral in coughs and shortness of breath; but it is neces- sary to observe some caution, viz, that it ought only to be administered to gross phlegmatic people, and not to thin plethoric persons. The powder is good to kill worms. HORSE-TAIL.—( Equisetum,) Descrip.—There are many kinds of this herb, which are but knotted rushes, some with leaves and others without. The great Horse-tail at the first has heads resembling As- paragus, and afterwards grow to be hard, rough, hollow stalks, joined at sundry p at the top, a foot high, so made as if the lower parte were put into the upper, where won each side a bush of small long rush-like bard ves, each 2 an a, a horse-tail. At the top of the stalks come forth small ina, like those of trees. The root creeps in the ground, having joints at sundry places, 194 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. Piace.—This herb grows in wet grounds. Time.—It springs up in 5 701 and its catkins in July; it seeds in August, and perishes in winter. _ Government and Virtues.— This herb belongs to Saturn. It is very powerful to stop bleeding either inward or out- ward, the juice of the decoction being drunk, or the juice, decoction, or distilled water applied outwardly. It also stays laxes or fluxes in man or woman, and heals the in- ward ulcers, and the excoriation of the entrails, bladder, Ko. It solders together the tops of ae wounds, and cures all ruptures in children. The decoction, taken in wine, provokes urine, and helps the stone and strangury ; and the distilled water drank two or three times a day, and a small quantity ut a time, also eases the entrails or guts, and is effectual in a cough that comes by distillation from the head. The juice or distilled water, used as a warm fomentation is of service in inflammations, pustules or red wheals, and other breakings-out in the skin, and eases the swelling heat and inflammation of the funda- ment, or privy parts, in men or women. HORSE-TONGUE.—( Hippoglossum. ) Descrip.—The root of this plant has a thick head, from which spring several hard white thready fibres, The stalks are about six or eight inches high, tough and flexible, it has large nervous leaves, pointed at the ends, thick and full of hard veins, rising sometimes alternately, and some- times two opposite ; on the middle of the upper part of each leaf, but in shape or make like the former; at the setting on of this grow one or two small mossy flowers, which are succeeded by round red ‘berries. Place.—It is cultivated only in botanic gardens, Time.—It flowers in June and July. Government and Virtues.—This plant is under Mars in Libra. It is heating and drying; and serviceable in dis- orders and suffocations of the womb, and hysteric fits, as likewise to hasten the birth, expel the afterbirth, and pro- cure the catamenia : but it is very rarely used. There is a lesser species, more common, but it does not possess as mapy virtues. They are both very drying and astringent, and good for all sorts of fluxes, hemorrhages and bleedings, both inward and outward, and to strengthen the joints CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL, 198 HOUND’S-TONGUE.—( Cynoglossum Oficinale.) Descrip.—The root of the Common Hound’s-Tongue is thick and long, of a dark brown colour on the outside, anc whitish within ; the lower leaves are near a foot long, and two or three inches broad, pointed at the ends, and soft and woolly to the touch ; the stalk rises two or three feet ‘high, with shorter and narrower leaves, and having several flowers growing in clusters on the top, of a sullen red co- lour, appearing a little above the calyces they stand in ; each flower is followed by four flat seeds, standing about the pistillium, like a shield or buckler. The whole plant has a fœtid smell. Place.—It is found by hedges and road-sides, Time.—It flowers in J une and July, the root ra is used. Government and Virtues.—The plantis governed by Mer- cury. The root is cold, drying, and binding, it is useful in catarrhous defluxions upon the lungs, and to temper the ess of the blood ; and, by consequence, excellent for all kinds of fluxes, and hemorrhages, as well as for gon- orrhea. It is likewise reckoned among the vulneraries, and helpful in scrofulous tumours, both taken inwardly and applied outwardly as a cataplasm. The leaves boiled in wine or water, and oil and salt, mollify and open the belly downwards. It also cures the bites of mad dogs, some of the leaves being applied to the wound; the leaves bruised, or the juice of them boiled in hog’s-lard and appli- ed, helps the falling away of the hair, which comes of hot and humours ; as also for any place that is scalded or burnt ; the leaves bruised and laid to any green wound, heals it up quickly: the root baked under the embers, in paste and a suppository made thereof, and put into or applied to the fundament, does hig effectually help the paint piles or hemorrhoids, The distilled water of the herbs and roots is a remedy for all the purposes afore- said, to be used inwardly to drink, and outwardly to wash any sore place, for it heals all manner of wounds, and all the foul ulcers that arise by the venereal disease. HOUSELEEK.—(Sempervivum Tectorum.) Cano also Sengren. Descrip.—Houseleek has a oo many thick, succuleat 4 together in a round f convex on the out- tt ish within, sharp- pointed, with hairy edges. The 196 GULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL stalk grows about a foot high, reddish, with a succulent bark, covering a pithy’ substance, the leaves on the top are thinner and longer than those below; from the top of these stalks rise reflected spikes of starry flowers made up of several narrow, sharp-pointed, reddish petals, set about a greenish hollow crown, which is afterwards en- larged into small, hollow, horned pods or seed-vessels, which inclose very small seed. The root is long, woody, and full of fibres; , Place.—It grows on the tops of houses in this country. Time.—It flowers in July. Government and Virtues.—It is an herb of Jupiter. Our ordinary Houseleek is good for the inward heats as well as outward, and in the eyes or other of the body; a pos- set made of the juice of Houseleek, is good in hot agues, for it cools and tempers the blood and spirits, and quench- es thirst, and is also good to stay hot defluctions or sharp and salt rheums in the eyes, the juice being dropped into them, or into the ears, helps them. It helps also other fluxes of humours in the bowels, and the immoderate courses of women. It cools and restrains all violent in- flammations, St. Anthony’s fire, scalds and burns, the shingles, fretting ulcers, cankers, tetters, ringworms, and the like ; and much eases the pain of the gout proceedin from any hot cause. The juice also takes away warts an corns in the hands or feet, being bathed with it, and the skin and leaves laid on them afterwards. It eases head-ache, and distempered heat of the brain in frenzies, or through want of sleep, if applied to the temples and forehead, The leaves bruised and lid upon the crown of the head, stays bleed- ing at the nose quickly. The distilled water of the herb is profitable for all the diseases aforementioned. The leaves gently rubbed on the places stung by nettles or bees, will quickly remove the pain. HOUSELEEK (SMALL.)—(Sedum Minus.) Descrip.—The stalks of this Sedum, before they flower, are of a bluish green colour, beset, especially towards the tops, with fat, thick, succulent, blunt-pointed, round leaves; when they rise to flower, they have a few of the like leaves growing alternately on them ; they have on their tops small umbels, of white five-leaved flowers, which are succeeded by as many little horned seed-vessela, full of very small seed. The root is fibrous | — 66G . rn — <= e OULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 197 Place.—It grows upon old stone-walls and buildings. Time. —It flowers in summer. Government and Pirtues.— The leaves and stalks are ang, Pompe of the nature of the Sempervivum Tecto- and, like that, cooling, and good for all kinds of in- flammations. It is also under Jupiter. HOUSELEEK (STONE-CROP.)—(Sedum Minus Hoamatodes.) Descrip.—This Sedum in manner of growing is much like the last, the wer] a ring 4 that ihe ace are wep er, sharp-poi ttish in the inside, and seeming only stuck on the stalks, the lower parts of them turning up a The flowers grow in umbels, being yellow, of six pointed leaves, with as many stamina and apices in the middle. The seeds grow in horned pods, as the other, and the root much alike ; it grows upon old walls, and on the tops of houses, and is much more frequent than the last, flowering at the same time, and may very well supply its place, being cooling, and serviceable in many respects, Government yer no ss Rovers is cooling and astringent, though not often given inwardly, yet is recom- mended by some to quench thirst in fevers, mixed with ink; as also for heat and sharpness of urine. ounces of the juice of this and Persicaria Maculata boiled to the consistence of a julep, are recommended to allay the heat of inflammations. HOUSELEEK (WALL PEPPER.)—(Sedum Acre.) Descrip.—Wall-Pepper, or Small Stone-crop, has its stalks four or five om, wholly covered with thick, fat, tri , blunt leaves, and on their tops a few star- like, five-leaved, yellow flowers, with several stamina in the middle. The root is small and fibrous. Place.—It . upon walls, and the 1 5 of low houses. Time. — It flowers in May and June. It has a very hot biting taste, from which it is often called Pepper - wort. Government and Virtues.—This is sometimes sold for Sedum Minus, but ita qualities are directly opposite to the other Sedums, — more apt to raise 1 than eure them, it ought not to ut into the Unguent Popu- leon, nor into any other — for it. It is for scurvy, both inwardly in decoctions, and outwardly bath- ed asa fomentation. It is also commended for king’s-evil. used, rum, 198 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. HOUSELEEK (WATER.)—(Semper vivum Aquatica.) CALLED also Water Parsnep, and Crab’s Claws. Descrip.—It has sundry long narrow mpi | with sharp prickles on the edges, very sharp-pointed ; the stalks on which the flowers grow do not rise as high as the leaves, but bear a forked Seal like crab’s claws, out of which a white flower comes, consisting of three leaves, with yel- lowish threads in the middle ; it takes root in the mud at the bottom of the water. Place.—It grows in the fens in Lincolnshire. Time.—It flowers from June until August. Government and Virtues,—It is under the dominion of Venus, and is a great strengthener of the reins ; it is good against St. Anthony’s fire, and assuages swellings and in- flammations in wounds; an ointment made of it is to heal bruised kidneys, A dram of the powdered herb if taken every morning, stops the terms. HY ACINTH.—(Hyacinthus.) CaueD Harebell, (Campanula Rotundifolia,) and Blue- bell, (Hyacinthus non Scriptus.) : Descrip.—There are many species of Hyacinths. The following are reckoned the most beautiful: 1. The Hya- cinth with the flowers alternate, and a little drooping ; 2. The Hyacinth with irregular flowers, divided into six parts ; 3. The campanulated Hyacinth, with the flowers cylindric at the base, and lightly divided at the edge into six segments; 4. The Hyacinth with a clustered conic tuft of flowers, or Peruvian Hyacinth ; 5. The Hyacinth with funnel-shaped flowers, lightly divided into six parts at the rim, and swollen at the base; 6. The funnel-flowered Hya- cinth, with the flowers swollen at the base, and lightly cut at the edge into six segments ; 7. The Hyacinth with a clustered and rounded head of flowers, or grey starry Hy- acinth ; and 8. The scaly-rooted Hyacinth, or autumnal ee? Hyacinth. Place.—It is common under hedges, and in gardens, Time.—It flowers in the beginning of May. Government and Virtues.—The root is full of a slimy juice, a decoction of which operates by urine. Dried and reduced to powder, it is of a e and styptic nature. Its virtues are little known, it will cure the whites. The fresh root is poisonous, and may be made into starch, — — CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 199 HYPOCISTUS.—(Cytinus Hypocistis. ) Desorip.—This plant does not derive its nourishment from the earth, but from some other plant to which it at- taches itself. It is com of a single leaf with a cylin- dric tube, and expanded or spreading border, which is di- vided into four obtuse coloured segments. It has a great number of broad, short, skinny films, by way of leaves, and the flowers grow at the top intermixed with them, and are and beautiful. Piace.—lt is a native of the Grecian Isle, but it is found on the roots of the Cistus shrub in this country Time.— It flowers in the middle of summer. Government and Virtues.—The berries abound with a large 2 of glutinous juice, which being evaporated over the fire till it acquires the consistence of Spanish juice, or liquorice, it isa good medicine in violent purgings, at- tended with bloody stools; likewise in excessive menstrual evacuations, and other hemorrhages. The best method of giving it is in an electuary made with conserve of rosea. HYSSOP.—/( Hyssopus Oficinalis.) Descrip.—Our Common Hyssop grows to about a foot high or more, with many s which are square at first, but grow round as they come to flower. The leaves are long, narrow, and sharp-pointed, set two at a joint; the flowers grow in long spikes, made of thin whorles, of pret- 3 blue leaves disposed all on one side of the stalk. ey have a galea cut in two, and the labella divided into four segments; the seeds are black, growing four together in the calyx. The root is thick, woody, and much divided; the whole t is of a pretty strong aromatic smell. Place.—\t is sown in stom: He but is a native of Italy. Time.—It flowers in August. The whole plant is used. Government and Virtues.—The herb is J upiter’s, and the sign Cancer. It strengthens all the parts of the body un- der Cancer and Jupiter. Hyssop boiled with honey and rue, and drank, helps those that are troubled with coughs, 3 * Dee henge and rym distillations upon the lungs ; taken with oxymel, it pu es hu- mours by stool ; with honey kills worms iu the . and with fresh new 3 helps to loosen the belly, and more forcibly if fleur-de-lys and cresses be added thereto, It amends and the native colour of the body 200 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL spoiled by the ee jaundice, and taken with figs and ni- tre, helps the dropsy and spleen ; being boiled with wine, it is good to wash inflammations, and takes away the blue and black marks that come by strokes, bruises or falls, if applied with warm water. It is an excellent medicine for the quinsy, or swelling in the throat, to wash and gargle it, when boiled with figs ; it helps to cure tooth-ache, if boil- ed in vinegar, and the mouth rinsed with it. The hot va- pours of the decoction taken by a funnel in at the ears, eases the inflammations and singing noise of them. Bein bruised with salt, honey, and cumin seed put to it, helps those stung by serpents. The head anointed with the oil, kills lice, takes away the itching of the head. It is for falling sickness, expectorates tough come and is ef- fectual in all cold e diseases of the chest and lungs, when taken as a syrup. The green herb bruised with su- gar, quickly heals any cut or green wounds, if properly applied. The pains and discolourings of bruises, blows, and falls may be quickly removed by a cataplasm of the green leaves sewed in a linen cloth, and put on the place, HYSSOP (HEDGE.)—(Gratiola Oficinalis.) Descrip.—Two or three sorts of this herb grow in this country, the description of two I shall give. The first is a smooth, low plaut, not a foot high, very bitter in taste, with many square stalks, diversely ched from the top to the bottom, with divers joints, and two small leaves at each joint, broader at the bottom than they are at the end, a little dented at the edges, of a sad green colour, and full of veins. The flowers stand at the joints, of a fair purple colour, with some white spots in them, in fashion like those of dead nettles, The seed is small and yellow, and the roots spread much under ground. The second seldom grows half a foot high, sending up many small branches, whereon grow many small leaves set one against the other, some- what broad, but very short. The leaves are like the flowers in fashion, but of a pale reddish colour. The seeds are small and yellowish. e root spreads like the other, neither will it yield to its fellow one ace of bitterness. Place.—They grow in low wet grounds, and by the wa- ter-sides ; the last may be found on Hampstead Heath, and in the north of Scotland. Time,—They flower and seed in June and July. Government and Virtues.—They are herbs of Mara, and CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 201 are most violent purges, especially of choler and phlegm. It is not safe them inwardly, unless they be recti- fied by the art of the alchymist, and only the purity of them given; so used they may be very helpful for the dropey, gout, and sciatica ; outwardly used in ointments, they worms, the belly anointed with it; and are excel- lent to cleanse old and filthy ulcers. The best way is, to wder the root, and give it in small doses; in which form it is excellent against worms ; it also removes all the mu- cous matter from the intestines, which harbours them. It es to the nature of the Fox-glove in qualities as well as in form ; and should be very moderately used, as its powers are very great. IVY-TREE.—(Hedera Heliz.) Descrip.—The leaves of Ivy run on the ground, and are angular and cornered ; but when the aal Pine up, and are fastened to a wall or tree, they become rounder, ending in one point. The leaves of both are of a firm texture, and a green colour; those of the first full of small white veins, the branches insinuate themselves by short cirrhi into a wall, or the body of the tree that it climbs on. The flowers — in corymbi or umbels, consisting of small six-leaved yellowish flowers, followed by round umbellica- ted berries, black when ripe, bearing several angular seeds. Place.—It grows in woods upon the trees, and on stone walls of chu ho &c, and sometimes it grows alone. Time.—It flowers in July; and the berries are ripe at Christmas, when they have felt winter frosta. Government and Virtues.— It is under the dominion of Saturn. A pugil of the flowers, about a dram, drank twice a day in red wine, helps the lax and bloody-fiux. It is an — to the nerves and sinews, being much taken in- wardly, but very helpful to them being outwardly applied. The yellow berries are good against the jaundice, and a Sakon surfeit, it helps tho spitting of blood; the white berries taken inwardly, or applied outwardly kill worms in the gb The berries prevent and heal the plague, by drinking the powder in wine, two or three days together, this drink breaks the stone, provokes urine and womens’ courses ; and the fresh leaves boiled in vinegar, and appli- ed warm to the sides of those that are troubled with the ache or stitch in the sides, do give much ease ; the same applied with rose-water and oil of roses to the tem- 202 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL ples and forehead, eases the long-standing head-ache, The sesh leaves boiled in wine, will cleanse old ulcers, if wash- d with it. It also quickly heals green wounds, and is ef- fectual to cure all burns and scalds, and all kinds of exul- cerations coming thereby, or by phlegm or humours in other of the body ; the juice of the berries or leaves snuffed up the nose, purges the head and brain of thin rheum that makes „ into the eyes and nose, and cures the ulcers and stench therein; the same dropped into the ears, helps the old and running sores of them. JESSAMINE.—(Jasminum Offcinale.) Descrip.—This tree or shrub shoots out long, slender, . green twigs or branches, which must be supported, or else they hang down; they are clothed with long, pinnated leaves, made of several sharp-pointed pinns, set opposite to each other, with an odd one at the end, larger than the rest. The flowers come forth among the leaves, several to- gether on a common foot-stalk ; but each standing on a slender short one of its own, being longish tubes, spread- ing out at the top into five b segments, standing in very short calyces, so that they easily fall off, when full blown : they are of a white colour, and a pleasant agreea- ble smell ; each flower is succeeded by a berry, divided into two parts, but seldom coming to perfection here. Place.—It is usually planted in Time.—It flowers in June and July. Government and Virtues.—J essamine is a warm, cordial plant, governed by Jupiter in the sign Cancer. The flow- ers only are used. It warms the womb, and heals schirr- thi therein, and facilitates the birth; it is useful for coug difficulty of breathing, &c. The oil made by infusion the 50 0 is used for perfumes. It disperses crude hu- mours, and is good for cold and catarrhous constitutions, but not for the hot. The oil is good also for hard and con- tracted limbs, it opens, warms, and softens the nerves and tendons, if used as a liniment to the parts, or taken in drink, or clysters. It removes diseases of the uterus, and is of service in pituitous colics. A poultice of the leaves, boiled in wine, dissolves cold swelling and hard tumours. JEW’S-EAR.—(E£ridia Auricula Jude.) Descrip.—A membranaceous fungus which grows in the shape of an ear, it is usually ash-coloured beneath, black- „ r . i U — . A a CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 208 ish ou the top, and the taste is earthy and flat, but has no amell. It sticks close to the body of the tree, and has lit- tle or no pedicle. Place.—It grows at the bottom of old elder-trees, Time.—Mild damp weather is the most favourable. Government and ogee is rate caper, in the ign Vi It is astringent an ing, but is seldom ta- ion tne thy, as it isdangerous. However, they are good — sore throats, quinsy, and swelling or inflammation of tonsils. JOHN’S WORT (ST.)—(Hypericum Perforatum.) Descrip.—Common St. John’s Wort shoots forth brown- ish, upright, hard, round stalks, two feet high, spreadin many branches from the sides up to the tops of them, wit two small leaves set one against another at every nee which are of a deep green colour, somewhat like the leaves of the lesser centaury, but narrow, and full of small holes in every which cannot be so well perceived, as when are held up to the light; at the ye of the stalks branches stand yellow flowers of five leaves each, with many yellow heads in the middle, which being bruised do yield a reddish juice like blood; after which do come small round which contain small blackish seed, smelling like rosin. The root is hard and woody, with divers strings and fibres, of a brownish colour, which abides in the ground ment years, shooting anew every spring. Place.—This grows in shady woods and co Time.—It flowers about Midsummer, and its seed is ripe in the latter eud of July or August, | Government and Virtues.—It is under the celestial sign Leo, and the dominion of the Sun. St. John’s Wort is aperative, detersive and diuretic, helpful against tertian and quartan agues, is alexipharmic, and destroys worms ; it is an excellent vulnerary plant. A tincture of the flow- ers in spirit of wine, is commended against melancholy and madness, Outwardly, it is of great service in bruises, con- tusions, and wounds, especially in the nervous parts, if it be boiled in wine: made into an ointment, it opens obstruc- tions, dissolves swellings, and closes up the lips of wounds. The decoction of the herb and flowers, especially the seed, being drunk in wine, with the juice of knot- helps all Wanner of vomiting and spitting of blood, it is good also for those who cannot make water, and are bitten or stung 204 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. - by venomous creatures. Two drams of the seed made into wder, and drank in broth, expels choler or congealed lood in the stomach. The taken in warm wine, is recommended for sciatica, falling-sickness, and the palsy. It is vulnerary and abstersive, and opens obstructions and scours the urinary passages. JULY FLOWER.—(Moitthiala Incona.) CALLED also hei eg ce tonite 0 5 ypo.— This t grows in almost every en, an is 3 etre, it needs little to be 1 about it. It has long, narrow, hoary, or whitish leaves, set alter - nately on the stalks; the flowers are large, of four leaves each, sometimes white, red, and frequently striped, of a pleasant, sweet scent. The seed is flat and round, growing in long hoary pods, divided in two parts in the middle, Place.—It grows only in gardens. Time.—It flowers about Midsummer. Government and Virtues.—It is under Jupiter; all the ies r- Pinks ot po e eet tate her eir quality is principally in the flowers, the purple kin ee most; they are cordial and cophalio; good in aintings, head-aches, and other nervous disorder. A tinc- ture of the flowers is the best medicine for these disorders, JUNIPER-TREE.—(Juniperis Communis.) Descrip.—This grows only to the size of a bush or shrub. The branches are thick-set, with narrow stiff leaves, of a bluish green colour, sharp and prickly at the ends; the flowers are small, mossy, and staminous; the berries round, green for the first year, and afterwards of & dark purple or black colour, each containing three-cornered he 2 Place.—It grows upon the heaths of this country, Time.—The berries are not ripe the first year, but con- tinue Pag two summers and one winter before they are ripe, they are black, and ripen with the fall of the leaf. Government and Virtwes.—The berriesare hot in the third degree, and dry in the first, being counter-poison, and a resister of the pestilence, and excellent against the bites of venomous beasts; it provokes urine, and is available in dy- senteries and strangury. It is a remedy against dropsy, and brings down the terms, helps the fits of the mother, expela the wind, and strengthens the stomach. Indeed there is no better remedy for wind in any part of the body, or the CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 205 colic, than the chymical oil drawn from the berries. They are for cough, shortness of breath, consumption, pains in the belly, rupture, cramps, convulsions, and y deli- very to Pregnant women ; they strengthen the brain, for- tify the sight, by strengthening the nerves, are for agen help the gout and sciatica, and strengthen the limbs the body ; it is also a speedy remedy to such as have the 3 to rub the gums with; the berries stay all flux- es, help the hemorrhoids or piles, and kill worms in chil- dren: a lye made from the * of the wood, and the body bathed with it, cures the itch, acabs and leprosy ; the ber- ries break the stone, procure a petite when it is lost ; and are good for all palsies, and g-sickness. KARSE (DITTANDER) —(“Zepidium Sativum.) r Pat is 2 and ** a e are large, a n, they stand on long slender foot-stal ; they — 3 0 5 broad, and 83 at the edges: they are large near the base, and pointed. The stalk is round, upright, considerably branched, and three feet high. The leaves grow at the joints, with r foot-stalks, like those from the roots, but are ler and paler. The flowers stand in great numbers at the tops of numerous branches, and they are small and white. The seed is small and brown. Place. It grows in Essex, and the north, on damp plains. Time.—It flowers in July. Government and Virtues.—The taste is acrid. This is very successful for the sciatica, gout, and paius in the joints. The leaves bruised, and mixed with hogs’ lard, and applied to the ee will give relief; it also amends de- formities or discolourings of the skin, and takes away scars, marks, scabs and burns. The juice is given in ale to pro- cure women a speedy delivery in travail. KIDNEYWORT.—(Cotyledon Umbilicus.) CALLED also Wall Pennyroyal, or Penny-wort. Descrip.—It has many thick, flat, and round leaves, all having a long foot-stalk, fastened underneath, about the middle of it, and a little unevenly weaved about the edges, of a green colour, and somewhat yellow on the u from which rise one or more tender, smooth, hollow s half a foot high, with two or three small leaves thereon, usually long and divided at the edges; the topes 206 CULPEPER'S COMPLETE HERBAL. are somewhat divided into long branches, bearing a num- ber of flowers, set round about a long spike one above auo- ther, which are hollow and like a little bell, of a whitish green colour, after which come small heads containing an small brownish seed, which falling on the ground, wi lentifully spring up before the winter, if it have moisture, he root is round, and most usually smooth, greyish with- out, and whitish within, having small fibres at the head of the root, and bottom of the stalk. Place.—It grows plentifully on stone walls, rocks, and in stony places upon the ground, at the bottom of old trees, Tvme.—It flowers in the beginning of May, the seed ri- pens soon afterwards, but the plant dies in winter. Government and Virtues.—Venus challenges the herb under Libra. The juice or distilled water if drunk is good to cool inflammations and unnatural heats, a hot stomach, a hot liver, or the bowels ; the herb, juice, or distilled wa- ter applied outwardly, heals pimples, St. Anthony’s fire, and other outward heats, It also helps sore kidneys, torn by the stone, or exulcerated within: it provokes urine, is available for dropsy, and helps to break the stone. r ; used as a bath, or made into ointment, it cools the painf piles or hemorrhoidal veins. It gives ease to hot gout, the sciatica, and the inflammations and swellings in the testi- cles ; it helps the kernels or knots in the throat, called the king’s evil ; the juice heals kibes and chilblains, if bathed with it, or anointed with ointment made from it, and some of the skin of the leaf upon them ; it is also used in green wounds to stay the blood, and to heal them quickly. KNAPWEED (COMMON.)—( Centaurea Scabiosa, Descrip.—It has broad dark green leaves, rising from the root, dented at the edges, sometimes rent on both sides in two or three places, and somewhat hairy; among which rises a long round stalk, four or five feet high, divi- ded into many branches, at the tops whereof stand ere rine 0 green heads, and from the middle of them st forth a number of dark purplish red thrumbs or threads, which after they are withered and there are found di - vers black seeds, lying in a great deal of down, somewhat like unto thistle-seed, but smaller ; the root is white, hard and woody, with fibres, which perish pac but abide with leaves thereon, during winter, shooting in spring. Place.—It grows in moist places, about borders, hedges and waste grounds in meadows, almost every where. CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. . 207 Time.—It flowers in June, the seed ripens shortiy after. Government and Virtues.—Saturn owns this herb. It is good to stay fluxes of blood both of the mouth and nose, other outward parts, and the veins that are broken inward- ly, as also fluxes of the belly ; it stays distillation of the in and sharp humours from the head upon the stomach and lungs; it is good for those who are bruised by any fall, blows, or otherwise, by drinking a decoction of the herb roots in wine, and applying the same outwardly to the place. It is good in all running sores, cancerous and fis- ing up the moisture, and healing them up gent- ly, without ess; it does the same to running sores or scabs of the head or other parts, It is of ial use for sore throat, swelling of uvula and jaws, and excellently good to stay bleeding, and heal up all green wounds. KNAPWORT HARSHWEED.—(Sagmen Jaceoides.) Descrip.—This much resembles the last. The root has innumerable thick, long, and brown fibres. The stalk is brown, two and a half feet in height, variously and y branched. The leaves are large, and some of them are entire; others divided to the rib into many parts, of a deep green, and the flowers stand at the tops of the branches; they grow out of green heads; they are large, and of a lively purple. The seeds are large and brown. Placa. It is common in hilly pastures. Time. —It flowers in July. Government and Virtues.—This is under Saturn. It is an astrinyent, and is best given in decoction ; but, as the quantity to have any effect, must be large, it is but seldom used. Inwardly it is opening, attenuating and healing, good to cleanse the lungs of tartareous humours, and help- — cougha, asthma, difficulty of breathing, and cold di pers; as a cephalic, it is for diseases of the head and nerves. Outwardly, the bruised herb is famous for taking away black and blue marks out of the skin. KNOT GRASS.—/( Illecebrum Verticillatum.) Descrip.—The stalks of this plant incline oy much the earth, rane smooth and finely channelled, es branched, of knots and joints, at which grow long val sharp-pointed leaves, set alternately on foot- stalks, Some are broader and more oval than others, At the joints with the leaves, grow several mall staminous 208 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. blinking flowers ; sometimes of a white, and sometimes of a reddish colour; a small black seed grows in each. The root is long and large, and strikes deep in the earth, Place.—It grows in the way-sides and foot-paths in fields. Time.—It springs up late in spring, but dies in winter. Government and Virtues.—Saturn owns this herb. The juice is effectual to stay bleeding at the mouth, if drank in red wine, and the bleeding of the nose, if applied to the forehead or temples. It will allay the heat of the blood and stomach, and stay any flux of blood and humours, as laxes, bloody-flux, womens’ courses, and running of the reins. It provokes urine, and helps the stran ; it ex- pels the stone in the kidneys and bladder, a of the powdered herb being taken in wine for some days toge- ther, boiled in wine and drank, it is profitable for those bitten or stung by venomous creatures, and to stay all de- fluctions of rheumatic humours upon the stomach, quiets inward pains that arise from heat, sharpness and corru tion of blood and choler. The distilled water taken by it- self, or with the powdered herb, is effectual for all the pur- poses beforementioned. It also cleanses foul ulcers, can- cers, sores, imposthumes, and green and fresh wounds, and ily heals them. The juice dropped into the ears, will cleanse all runnings in them. It is very prevalent for the premises; as also for broken joints ruptures, LADIES MANTLE.—( Alchemilla Vulgaris, ) Descrip.—it has many leaves rising from the root, stand- ing upon long hairy foot-stalks, being almost round, and a little cut on the ges, into eight or ten parts, making it seem like a star, with so many corners and points, and dented round about, of a light green colour, somewhat hard in handling, and as it were folded at first, and then crum- pled in divers places, and a little hairy, as the stalk is also, which rises up among them to the height of two or three feet ; it is so weak that it cannot stand upright, but bends to the ground, divided at the top into two or three small branches, with yellowish green heads, and flowers of a whitish colour breaking out of them; which being past, there comes a yellowish seed like poppy-seed : the root is tong and black, with many strings and fibres thereat. l ace.—It grows in pastures and wood-sides in Hert- | fordshire, Wiltshire, Kent, and other parte of this country Time.—It flowers in May and June, and is always green. CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 209 Government and Pirtuss. Venus claims this herb. It is proper for those wounds that have inflammations, and is effectual to stay bleedings, vomitings, and fluxes of all sorts, bruises by falls or otherwise, and helps ruptures, and wo- men who have over-flagging breasts, causing them to grow less and hard, both when drank and outwardly applied ; the distilled water drank for twenty days together, helps ion, and to retain the birth, if the woman do some- times sit in a bath made of the decoction of the herb. It is also co wound-herb both inwardly and outwardly, by drinking a decoction, or bathing and fomenting, for it dries up the humidity of the sores, and heals inflammation. t draws the corruption from, and heals n wounds; it cures all old sores, though fistulous and hollow. LADY’S SMOCK.—(Cardamine Pratensis.) CALLED also — Flower. 4 ai Descrip.—The root is composed of many s white from whence spring up divers long stalks of wing- ed leaves, consisting of round, tender, dark green leaves, set one against another upon a middle rib, the greatest be- ing at the end, amongst which rise up divers tender, w round, stalks, somewhat streaked, with longer an smaller leaves upon them; on the tops of which stand flow- almost like the stock gilliflowers, but rounder, and not 50 of a blushing white colour; the seed is reddish, and grows to small bunches, being of a sharp biting taste, and so is the herb. Place.—They grow in wet places, on brook-sides. Time.—They flower in April and May, and the lower leaves continue green all the winter. Government and Virtues.—They are under the dominion — of the and very little inferior to water - eresses in all their ; they are good for the scurvy, provoke urine, the stone, and effectually varm a cold and weak stomach, restore lost appetite, and help digestion. LANG DE BCQUF.—(Helminthia Echioides.) Catxzp also Ox-Tongue. ip.—A species of the Bugloss and Borage. It rises from a thick brown root, and sends forth large, rough, hairy leaves, half a foot long, narrow and sharp-pointed. The stalks rise to the height of two or three feet, full of short stiff hairs, on which grow long narrow leaves eet on H 210 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. without foo t-stalks ; the flowers grow several together at the top of the branches, in long rough calyces, of a single leaf cut into five round partitions, of a dese colour at first, and turning to a bright blue as they stand, and are suc- ceeded by four-cornered rough seed. Place.—It grows in gardens, and wild in the fields. Time.—It flowers in June and July. Government and Virtwes.—It is under Jupiter. Its vir- tues are best preserved in a conserve of the flowers. A de- coction of the whole plant is deobstruent, and good to purge melancholy, and for that the tops are frequently put into wine and cool tan ; they are likewise alexi- pharmic, and good in malignant fevers, LAVENDER.—( Lavandula Spica. ) Descrip.—The common Lavender isa shrubby plant, naving a great many woody branches, thick-set with long hoary narrow leaves, two at a joint, which are round-point- ed and broadest at the end ; from among these spring se- veral square stalks, having but few leaves upon them, and those narrower than the lower, bearing long spikes, of blue galeated and labiated flowers, set in hoary calyces. Place.—It isa native of France and Spain, where it grows wild, but is cultivated with us only in gardens, Time.—It flowers in July. Government and Virtues.—M owns this herb. It is of especial use in pains of the head and brain which pro- ceed from cold, apoplexy, falling-sickness, the dropsy, or sluggish malady, cramps, convulsions, palsies, and often faintin It strengthens the stomach, and frees the liver and spleen from obstructions, provokes womens’ courses, and expels the dead child and afterbirth. The flowers if steeped in wine help those to make water that are 9 or troubled with the wind or colic, if the place be bat therewith. A decoction made of the flowers of Lavender, Horehound, Fennel and ragus- root, and a little Cin- namon is profitable to help falling - si- kness, and the giddi- ness or turning of the brain: to gargle the mouth with a decoction thereof, is against the tooth-ache. Two nfuls of the distilled water of the flowers help them that have lost their voice, the tremblings and passions of the heart, and fainting and swoonings, applied to the tem- les or nostrils, to be smelt unto, but it is not safe to use it where the body is replete with blood and humours, be- CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 211 cause of the hot and subtle spirit wherewith it is posses- sed. The oil used with the Oil of Spike, is of a fierce and * quality, and ought to be carefully used, a very drops being sufficient for in ward or outward maladies LAVENDER (COTTON.)—(ZLavandula Temina.) Descrip.—This is a shrubby plant, with a roundish leaf, holding its leaves all the winter. It has many woody, brittle, stalks, beset with long, white, hoary leaves, that appear four-square, resembling the leaves of our com- mon heath ; of a strong though not unpleasant scent, and a bitter taste. On the tops of the branches stand lon stalks, each bearing a single naked flower, made up only o E an 0 ; standi ther in a scaly calyx, The seed is nal, longish, and Nn ae the root firm, ae — durable, divided into several fibrous branches, It is a native of Italy, but ee in our gar- dens, where it serves for borders and edgi _ Time.—lIt flowers in July and August. Government and Pirtuss.— The leaves, and sometimes the flowers are used; it destroys worms, the leaves and being boiled in milk, and taken fasting; it is an antidote for all sorts e BO and the bites and stings of venomous creatures, and good against obstructions of the liver, the jaundice, and to promote the menses. A dram of the powdered leaves taken every morning fasting, stops the running of the reins in men, and whites in women. The seed beaten into powder, and taken as worm-seed, kills the worms, not only in children, but also in people of riper years; the herb acts the same, being steeped in milk, milk drank ; the body bathed with a decoction of it, helps scabs and the itch. It is under Mercury. LAUREL (EVERGREEN, eee Daphne reola. ip.—This is a low shrub,.seldom growing above two or three feet high, with a woody stem about a finger thick, covered with an ash-coloured bark ; it is divided to- 28 f b. They are small, considered oe ond, — . 1 are i sing a ead, y b n colour, unpleasant smell. e seed is — 0 aa i Place.—It grows wild in the woods and hedges. 212 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. Time.—It flowers in March, the fruit is ripe in 9 mg Virtwes.—Very happy effects have been produced by the use of this plant in rheumatic fevers. It is a rough purga- tive, and is an efficacious medicine for worms, but it re- quires some caution in the administration, and might in unskilful hands, be productive of dangerous consequences. The whole plant has the same qualities, but the bark is the strongest, and a dose of not more than ten grains should be given. An infusion of the leaves is a emetic and purgative, and cures the dropsy. Dried and reduced to powder, they are useful in the venereal disease. LENTILS.—(Zroum Lens.) ene .—This plant has many long-winged leaves, con- sisting of many small oval pinnse, set opposite, with ciasp- ers at the end of the leaf. The flowers are small and white, standing for the most part singly on a long foot-stalk, and are succeeded by short flattish pods, containing two round seeds less than tares, and flatter. . | Place.—They grow in fields in all parts of England. Time.—They flower in May, and the seed is — 45 in July. Government and Pirtues.— They are under Venus. T. flour or meal of them is as emollient cataplasms, and fluxes. Eaten with their skins they bind the body, and stop looseness, but the liquid are boiled in loosens the belly; the flower of them may be used outwardly in cataplasms for the same purposes as bean- flower. LETTUCE (COMMON GARDEN.)—(Lactuoa Sativa. ) Government and Pirtues.— The Moon owns it. The juice mixed or boiled with oil of roses, applied to the forehead and temples, procures sleep, and cures the head-ache pro- ceeding from a hot cause ; being eaten boiled, it helps to loosen the belly. It helps digestion, quenches thirst, in- creases milk in nurses, ally griping pains in the sto- mach or bowels that come of choler. It abates bodily lust, represses venereous dreams, being outwardly applied to the testicles with a little camphire. Applied in the same man- ner to the region of the beart, liver or reins, or by bathing the said place with the juice of distilled water, wherein some white sanders, or red roses are put: also it not only represses the heat and inflammations therein, but comforts and oo those parts ; and also tempers the heat of urine, e seed or distilled water works the same effects ee CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 313 in all things ; but the use is forbidden to those who spit blood, or are imperfect in their lungs. LETTUCE (GREAT WILD.) -( Tactuca Virosa.) ip.—This plant grows to five or six feet high. The stalk is round, very upright, branched and of a red- dish yellow, or rather brown. The leaves at the bottom | are very large, a foot long, and five inches broad, of a fresh . Beate ancien ot er up the stalk are smaller, the are indented at the edges ; and the innumerable little flowers with which its top and branches are crowned, are perfectly like those of the common Lettuce of the gardens, and are of alight yellow. From whatever the plant is there flows out a milky juice, which has the smell of opium, and its hot bitter taste. lace,—It grows in our hedges, and ditch-sides, Time.—It has the greatest vigour in the month of April. Government and Virtues.—lt is under the government of Mars. The smell and taste is much like opium. A sy- rup made from a strong infusion of it, is an excellent ano- dyne ; it eases the most violent pains of the colic, and other disorders, and gently di the patient to sleep, for it has none of the violent effects of other opiates, e best way of giving it is, to dry the juice which runs from the roots by incision ; this dissolves freely in mountain wine, if one ounce be put into a gallon of wine there is produe ed an excellent quieting medicine, a teaspoonful of which . a dose in a glass of water. This takes off spasms, convul- sions, stays fluxes of all kinds proceeding from irritation; LIGHTWORT (SEA.)—(Pnewmaria Maritima.) Descrip.—This is an elegant plant. It is of the Lung- wort ies, the root is long, thick, and white, and ia fur i with many fibres. e first leaves are numerous, and large, broad, and sharp-pointed, rough and of a beau- tiful green colour, with numerous branches, about a yard The flowers are of a beautiful blue, and e, all of the stalks and branches; the seed is dark. Place.—l\t grows in the pastures of Kent and Essex. Time.—It flowers in July. Government and Virtues,—It is a plant of Jupiter, and has considerable virtues, It is balsamic and astringent, and is good 3 coughs, It may be used with suc- cess for the whites, and the powdered root is good for re- 5 5 training bloody stools, and the piles, &. 214 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL LILY OF THE VALLET.— Convalearia Maju/is.) CaLuzp also May Lily. \ Descrip.—lt has a slender creeping root that runs upon the surface of the earth, shooting out two or three leaves, oblong, round, and full of nerves, five or six inches long, from the middle of which rises a stalk about a span high; angular and slender ; bearing six or seven flowers in a spike, one above another, and looking all one way ; they are small, hollow, and round, of one leaf cut into five parts, of a pleasant grateful scent, which are succeeded by small round red berries, like those of As Place.—It grows on heaths and other open situations. Tvme.—It flowers in May, the seed ripens in September. Government and Pirtues.—It is under the dominion of Mercury, and therefore strengthens the brain. The distil- led water i te into the eyes helps inflammation there. ely aa ay, a good in th ] d comf elps the , and is in the apoplexy, and comforts the heart Ee spirits. It is ot service in disor- ders of the head and nerves, such as epilepsy, vertigo, and convulsions of all kinds, swimming in the head; and are made use of in errhines and cep snuff, LILY (WATER.)—(Nymphea Odorata.) Desorip.—The white Lily has very large and thick dark leaves lying on the water, sustained by long and thick foot-stalks, that rise from a great, thick, round, and tuberous black root, spongy or loose, with many knobs thereon, like eyes, and whitish within ; from which rise similar stalks, sustaining one great flower thereon, green on the outside, but as white as snow within, consisting of divers rows of long and somewhat thick and narrow leaves, smaller and thinner the more inward they be, encompas- sing a head with many yellow threads or thrums in the middle ; where, after they are past, stand round like pop- py-heads, full of broad, oily, bitter seed. The yellow kind is different only in having fewer leaves on the flowers, and greater and more shining seed, and a whitish root, within and without. The roots of both are somewhat sweet. Place.—They grow in pools, and standing water, and in slow running rivers in different parts of this country. Time.—They flower mostly about the end of May, and the seed is ripe in August. owers distilled in wine, restores speech, CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL 2158 Government and Virtues.—It is under the dominion of the Moon, and therefore cools and moistena like the former. The leaves and flowers are cold and moist, but the roots and seeds are cold and dry ; the leaves, both inward and outward are good for agues ; the 3 of the flowers af cures rest, and settles the brain of frantic Ds. he seed as well as the root is effectual to stay fluxes of blood or humours, either of wounds or of the belly; but the roots are most used, and are more effectual to restrain all fluxes in Man or woman; also running of the reins, and passing away of the seed when one is asleep, but the frequent use inguishes venereous actions. The root will also cool hot urine if boiled in wine and water, and the decoction drank. The distilled water of the flowers is effectual for all the diseases aforesaid, buth inwardly and outwardly ; and will also take away freckles, spots, sunburn, and morphew from the face and other parts of the body. The oil of the flowers cools hot tumours, eases pains, and helps sores. LILLY (WHITE GARDEN.) -¶ Lilium Candidum.) Descrip.—This is a very common plant, having a round acaly and a stalk three or four feet high, With long, narrow, thick leaves, and on the top several large sweet, white flowers, with several yellow apices in the middle. Place.—It grows in gardens. Time.—It flowers in June. Government and Virtues.—The flowers and roots are used, but chiefly in external applications ; they are emol- lient, suppling and anodyne, to dissolve andripen hard tumours — swellings, and to break imposthumations, They are under the dominion of the Moon, and are good antidotes for poison ; they are excellent in pestilential fe- vers, the roots being bruised and boiled in wine, and the decoction drank. The juice, being baked with barley-meal, and eaten, is good for the dropsy ; and ointment made of the roots and hogs’-grease, is excellent for scald-heads, it unites the sinews when they are cut, and cleanses ulcers. The root boiled in any convenient decoction, gives delivery to women in travail, and expels the afterbirth, roasted, the root mixed with hog’s-grease, makes a good poultice to ri- pen and break plague-sores, This ointment is for swellings in the privities, and cures burns and scalds with- out fear, and trimly deck a blank place with hair. 216 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HER3AL LIME TREE.—( Tilia.) CALLED also Linden Tree.. Descrip.—This tree is well known, having a handsome body with a smooth bark, spreading its branches round in a regular manner; the leaves are broad and roundish, with a sharp point, serrated about the edges, at the foot of these, in the summer, spring out thin leafy ligulas, of a yel- low colour, from the middle of the back ribs of which rise stalks about an inch long, divided into four or five shorter ones, each bearing a yellow, five-leaved, sweet flower, full of stamina, after which comes a small fruit as big as a pea. Place.—It grows in parks and gentlemen's gardens. Time.—It flowers in July. Government and Virtues.—Jupiter governs the Lime- tree. The flowers are the only parts used, and are a good cephalic and nervine, excellent for apoplexy, epilepsy, ver- tigo, and palpitation of the heart. y are put into the ua pœon. comp. and the spirit Javandule. The agua til iæ takes its name from them. LIQUORICE.—( Glycyrrhiza Glabra.) Descrip.—Our English Liquorice rises up with divers woody stalks, whereon are set, at several distances, many narrow, long, green leaves, set together on both sides of the stalk, and an odd one at the end, very well resembling a young ash tree, sprung up from the seed. This by many years continuance in a place without removing, and not else, will bring forth flowers, many standing er spike fashion, one a dace another upon the stalk, of the form of -blossoms, but of a very pale blue colour, which turn to long, somewhat flat and smooth pods, wherein is con- tained the seed, round and hard ; the roots run very deep into the ground, with divers other small roots and fibres growing with them, and shoot out suckers from them in Fone all about, whereby it is much increased, of a brown- ish colour on the outside, and yellow within. Place.—It is planted in gardens and fields and divers places of this country, and a good profit is made from it. Time.—It flowers in August. 7 Government and Virtues.—It is under the dominion of Mercury. Boiled in water, with some Maiden-head and figs, makes a good drink for those who have a * cough or hoarseness, wheezing or shortness of breath, and for all es ees P ö a OULPEPER’S COMPLETE HEEBAL 217 the of the breasts and lungs, phthisic or consump- tions caused by the distillation of salt humours on them. Tt is also “good for ‘pains of the reins, the strangury, and the heat of urine : the fine powder of the root blown into the eyes through a quill of those that havea pin and web, or rheumatic distillations in them, does cleanse and help them ; the juice is effectual in all the diseases of the breast and lungs, the reins and bladder, as the decoction. The juice distilled in rose-water, with some gum tragacanth, is a fine medicine for hoarseness, wheezing, &c. The root of this plant is deservedly in great esteem, and can hardly be said so be an improper ingredient in any composition of whatever intention. It is a great sweetener of the blood, detersive, and at the same time softeniny and emollient, and therefore balsamic. It is good for dropsy, and allays thirst. It is an excellent pectoral, and the juice prepared to a proper consistence, is the best form, and excels S nish e A strong decoction of the root given to chil- dren the bowels, and takes off feverish heats which attend costiveness. It is likewise a corrector of cathartics. The juice, or extract is made by boiling the fresh roots in water, straining the decoction, and when the impurities have subsided, evaporating it over a gentle heat till it will no longer stick to the fingers. It is better to cut the roots into small pieces before boiling them, as the virtues will by that means be better extracted. A pound of Liquorice- root boiled in three pints down to one quart will be found the best for all purposes. The juice is the most effectual, and may be obtained by jam the roots between two rollers, When made with due care, it is vara rr je sweet, of a much more ble taste than the root itself, and has an agreeable smell. Put into boiling water, it totally dis- solves without depositing any sediment. LIVERWORT (COMMON.)—( Hepatica.) Desorip.—Common Liverwort grows close, and spreads much upon the ground in moist and shady places, with many small n lea ves, or rather, as it were, sticking flat to one er, very unevenly cut in on the edges, and erumpled; from among which arise small slender stalk an inch or two high, bearing small star-like flowers at the The roots are very fine and small. Place.—It grows plentifully in Nottingh un-Park, and on Rapford Lings, and in most dry barren places. td * 1 218 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERRAI. Time.—It is in its prime in October and November. Government and Virtues.—It is under the dominion of Jupiter, and under the sign Cancer. It is a singular good herb for all diseases of the liver, both to cool and cleanse it, and helps iuflammations in any part, and the yellow jaundice; being bruised and boiled in small beer, if drank, t cools the heat of the liver and kidneys, and helps the running of the reins in men, and the whites in women, it is a good remedy to stay the spreading of tetters, ring- worm, and other fretting or running sores and scabs ; and is an excellent remedy for such as have livers that are cor- rupted by surfeits, which cause their bodies to break out : for it fortifies and strengthens the liver exceedingly. It is recommended for the bites of mad-dogs, if used in the following manner: take nine or ten ounces of blood from the body for four mornings successively, and give the pa- tient the following in warm cow’s milk: take ash-coloured Liverwort, half an ounce, black pepper, two drams, both finely powdered, mixed, and divided into four equal parts. _ Having first taken the four doses, let the ap ee for one month, bathe two or three times a day in the sea, and the longer he stays in the better. LOOSESTRIFE.—(Lysimachia. ) Catuxp also Yellow Willow Herb. Descrip.—The Loosestrife has several brown hairy stalks, two feet high or more, having sometimes three or four, but oftener only two leaves at a joint, which are of a yellowish n colour, hairy underneath, and darker, about three inches long, and an inch broad in the middle, growing uar- rower at both ends. The flowers stand several together on the tops of the branches, consisting of a single leaf di- vided into five with several stamina in the middle, of a yellow green colour. The seed-vessels are round, and parted in two, containing small seed ; the root is long and slender, and creeps upon the surface of the earth. Piace.—It grows in watery places, and by river - sides. Time.—It flowers from June to A Government and Virtwes.—This herb is good for all man- ner of bleeding at the mouth or nose ; for wounds, and all fluxes-of the belly and the bloody-flux, given either to drink, or else taken by elyster; it stays also the abundance of womens’ courses ; it is good for green wounds, to sta the bleeding, and quickly closes up the lips of the woun ee OULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 219 if the herb be bruised and the juice only applied. It is as a gargle for sore-throats. The smoke drives away and gnats, when they are troublesome. LOVAGE.—(Ligusticum Levisticum.) 2 .—It has many long and great stalks, of e winged leaves, divided dato many — every leaf being cut about the edges, broadest forward, and smallest at the stalk, of a sad green colour, smooth, and shining, from among which rise sundry strong, hollow n stalks, five or six, sometimes seven or eight feet hi 1 full of joints, but lesser leaves set on them than e ow; and with them towards the tops come forth large branches, bearing at their tops large umbels of yellow flowers, and after them flat brownish seed. The root grows ery e and deep, spreading much, and enduring long, of a brownish colour on the outside, and whitish within. The whole plant and pi Sas of it smells strong and aromatically. Place.—It is planted in gardens, where it grows large. Time. —It flowers in July, and seeds in August. Government and Pirtues.—It is an herb of the Sun, un- der the sign Taurus. It opens, cures, and digests humours, and provokes womens’ courses and urine. a dram at a time of the dried root in powder taken in wine, warms a cold stomach, helps digestion, and consumes all raw anc superfluous moisture therein; eases all inward gripings and dissolves wind, and resists poison and infection. The ion of the herb is a remedy for ague, and pains of . The leaves bruised, and fried in hog’s-lard, and laid hot to any blotch or boil, will quickly break it, LUNGWORT.—( Pulmonaria Oficinalis.) Descrip.—This is a kind of moss that grows on oak and beech trees, with broad, ish, 7 di versely AI on the folded, crumpled, and some are spot- ted on the upperside. It never bears any stalk or flower. Government and Virtues.—Jupiter owns this herb, It 220 CULPEPEERS COMPLETE HERBAL is of great use in diseases of the lungs, and for coughs, wheezings, and shortness of breath, which it cures. It is profitable to put into lotions to stay the moist humours that flow to ulcers, and hinder their healing, as also to wash ulcers in the privy parts. It is drying and binding, good to stop inward. bleeding, and the too great flux of the menses. It is good for consumptions and disorders of the breast, boiling it in pectoral drinks, and making syrups of it. It is commended as a remedy against yellow-jaundice. . LUPINE.—(Lupinus.) Descrip.—The white Lupine has a hairy stalk, on which w digitated leaves, set in a round compass, upon long koot-s consisting of nine parts, narrow near the stalk, and ending in an obtuse point, soft and hairy. The flow- ers grow in verticillated spikes on the tops of the branches, in mere of pea-blossoms, of a white colour, and are suc- ceeded by upright flat hairy large pods, 5 ¢ three or four flat white seeds. There are several kinds of Lupines: the great white Lupine ; the spotted white Lupine ; the blue Lupine, because it has blue flowers, and the small blue Lupine. Place. They are sown every year in gardens. Dime. They flower in June, and the seed ripens in July. Government and Pirtues.— They are governed by Mars in Aries. The seeds are somewhat bitter in opening and cleansing, good to destroy worms, to bring down the menses, and expel the birth and secundines. Fade they are used against deformities of the skin, scabby ul- cers, scald heads, and other cutaneous distempers. | MADDER.—(Rubia Tinctorum.) Descrip.—The roots of Madder are thick, round, and much branched, of a reddish colour, clear and 8 having a small slender hard tough string in the middle, of a sweetish taste, with a little bitterness ; from these spri many square rough weak stalks, full of joints, about Which are set five or six long sharp- pointed leaves, that are broad - est in the middle, and narrow at both ends, rough almost to prickliness. The flowers grow in long spikes, coming forth at the joints with the leaves, nikal and yellow, of one leaf cut into four segments, each succeeded by two small moist blackish berries, containing two round unubil- licated seeds, ee” OE eee ee ee eee CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL 221 Place.—It is cultivated in oe — of England. Time.—The flowers appear in July. Government and Virtues.—It is an herb of Mars. The roots are the only parts used for medicinal purposes, and they have a weak, bitterish, and somewhat astringent taste. A strong decoction is diuretic and in obstructions of the viscera. It disperses congealed blood, cures the jaun- dice, and is useful in dropsy. It also cleanses the kidneys and urinary organs from gravel; it is also valuable for — and sciatica, and effectual for bruises in ward and and is therefore much used in vulnerary drinks, The root is good for all the aforesaid purposes, if boiled in wine or water, as the case requires, and some honey and sugar put in afterwards. The seed taken in vinegar and honey, helps the swelling and hardness of the spleen. The decoction of the leaves and branches is a good fomentation to bring down the courses. The leaves and roots beaten and applied to any part that is discoloured with freckles, morphew, the white scurf, or any such deformity of the skin, cleanses thoroughly, and takes them away. MAIDENHAIR (COMMON.)—(Adiantwm Capillus Veneris.) Descriv. From a number of hard black fibres, grow a a number of blackish shining brittle stalks, 8 long, in many not half so long; tbey are set on each side very thick, with small round dark green leaves, and spot- ted on the back of them like a fern. Place. It grows plentifully about rock- holes, and upon stone walls in the western parts, and in Kent. It is also found 2 the sides of springs and wells; in moist and Time.—The seed appears in August and September.. Government and Virtues-—This and all other Maiden- hairs are under Mercury. This is a good remedy for coughs, asthmas, isy, &c., and on account of its being a gentle diuretic, also, in the jaundice, gravel, and other impuri- ties of the kidneys. All the Maidenhairs should be used & and in conjunction with other ingredients, because virtues are weak. MAIDEN HAIR (GOLDEN.)—(Adiantum Aureum.) — —IThis is a large kind of moss, with a stalk three or four inches high, whose lower part is covered with 222 CULPEPER S COMPLETE HEEBAL. small, short, hard, and stiff brown leaves; the u is bare to the top, on which grows a eee with a woolly, pointed reddish-yellow cap, which falls of as the head grows ripe. The root is small and stringy. Place.—It grows on heathy barren and boggy ground, and frequently on old ant-hills. Virtues.— This is rarely used, but it is very good to pre- vent the falling off of the hair, and to make it grow thick, being boiled in water or lye, and the head washed with it. MAIDENHAIR (WHITE.)—(Aspleniuwm Ruta Aura ria.) CALLED also Wall Rue. Descrip.—This is a small low plant, growing about two or three inches high, its slender stalks ben of a whitish colour, whereon grow a few small ere stiff leaves, crenated a little about the edges, of a whitish-green co- lour above, covered underneath, when come to its full growth, with brown dusty seed. Place.—It grows ou old stone walls and buildings, its little fibrous root abiding several years. Virtues.—This is used in pectoral decoctions, and diure- tic apozems. The decoction being drunk, helps those that are troubled with cough, shortness of breath, yellow-jaun- dice, diseases of the spleen, stopping of the urine, and helps to break the stone in the kidneys. It provokes womens’ courses, and stays both bleeding and fluxes of the stomach and belly, especially when the herb is dry; for being green it loosens the belly, and voids choler and phlegm from the stomach and liver; it cleanses the lungs, and by rectifying the blood, causes a colour to the whole body. The herb boiled in oil of camomile, dissolves knots, allays swel- lings, and drys up moist ulcers. The lye made thereof is singularly good to cleanse the head from scurf, and from dry and running sores ; stays the shedding or falling of the hair, and causes it to grow thick, fair, and well-co- loured ; for which purpose boil it in wine, putting some smallage-seed thereto, and afterwards some oil. | MALLOWS (COMMON.)—{ Malva Sylvestris. ) Descrip.—The common Mallow grows three or four feet high. e stalk is round, thick, and strong. The leaves are roundish, but indented and divided at the edges ; and the flowers are numerous, large, and red. The seeds are CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 223 flattish and round. The root is long and white, of a firm texture, and has no disagreeable taste. Piace.—It r every where by way-sides. Time.—It flowers in May and June. _ Government and Pirtues.—All the Mallows are under Venus. The whole plant is used, but the root has most virtue. The leaves dried or fresh, are put into decoctions for clysters ; the root may be dried, but it is best fresh, if chosen when there are only leaves growing from it, not a stalk. When boiled in water, the strong decoction is bar if drank, to provoke urine, take off the strangury, s 2 of the bowels, 9 rs gravel. Spence wi syrup of violets, it cures the or pain of making wa- ter with heat ; for which a laa of Mallow Austen is good, or a p of the juice, or a decoction of turnips, or willow, or lime-tree ashes, or the syrup of ground-ivy. There is a smaller kind of Mallow, with white flowers, which lies flat on the hyp It has a more pleasant taste, with all the virtues of the f ing. A tea made of the roots and tops is agreeable, — to promote urine. MALLOWS (COMMON MARSH.)—(Althea Oficinalis.) ing aA common Marshmallows have divers soft hairy white stalks, three or four feet high, spreading forth many branches, the leaves are soft and hairy, smaller than the other Mallow leaves, but longer pointed, cut, for the most part, into some few divisions, but deep. The flowers are many, but smaller than other Mallows, and white, or bluish coloured. After which come long, round cases and seeda, as in other Mallows. The roots are many and long, shooting from one head, of the size of a chia or finger, very pliant, tough, like Liquorice, of a whitish yellow co- lour on the outside, and white within, full of a slimy juice, which if laid in water will thicken, as if it were a jelly. Place.—It grows in most of the salt marshes, from Woolwich down to the sea, and in other places, Time. It flowers all the summer months. Government and Pirtues.— The leaves and roots boiled in water, with parsley or fennel roots, helps to open the a cool hot agues, and other distempers of the body, if the leaves be applied warm to the belly. It not only voids hot choleric, and other offensive humours, but eases the — of the belly coming thereby; and are therefore used all elystera, and for giving abundance of milk to nurses 8 ; 224 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. The decoction of the seed made in milk or wine, doth help excoriations, the phthisic, pleurisy, and other diseases of the chest and oe The 13 and roots work the same effects. They help also in the excoriations of the bowels, and hardness of the mother, and in all hot and sharp dis- eases thereof. The juice drank in wine, or the decoction of them therein, helps women to a speedy and easy deli- very. The syrup also, and conserve made of the flowers, are very effectual for the same diseases, and to open the body. The leaves bruised, and laid to the eyes with a lit- tle honey, takes away the imposthumations of them. The leaves bruised or rubbed upon any place stung witb or the like, takes away the pain, inflammation an — rate ; the decoction of the roots and leaves is an anti- dote for poison. A poultice made of the leaves, with some bean or barley flour, and oil of roses, is an especial remedy against all hard tumours and inflammations, imposthumes, or swellings of the testicles, or other parts, and eases the pains of them; as also against the hardness of the liver or spleen, if applied to the places. The juice of Mallows boiled in old oil, takes away roughness of the skin, scurf, or dry scabs in the head, or other parts, if they be anoint- ed with the decoction, and preserves the hair from fallin off. It is effectual against scalds and burns, St. Anthony's fire, and all other hot and pai swellings in any part of the body. The flowers boiled in oil or water, and a little honey and alum put in is an excellent gargle to heal sore throat or mouth in a short time, If the feet be washed in the decoction, it will draw the rheum from the head. The ia leaves, beaten with nitre and applied, draws thorns m the flesh. The decoction opens strait passages, and makes them slippery, whereby the stone may descen the more easily, and without pain, out of the reins, kid- neys, and bladder, and eases the pains thereof. But the roots are of more special use for those as well for coughs, hoarseness, shortness of breath, and wheezin being boiled in wine or honeyed water, and drunk, 0 roots and seeds being boiled in wine or water, are profita- ble against ruptures, cramps or convulsions of the sine ws, and boiled in white wine, for kernels that rise behind the ears, and inflammations or swellings in womens breasts. The dried root boiled in milk, and drunk, is good for the chin-cough. The decoction of the roots, or juice, is go to drink for those who are wounded, and ready to faint 4 * * 8 n . CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 225 through loss of blood, and apply the same, mixed with ho- ney and rosin, to the wounds. As also, the roots boiled in wine, for hurta, bruises, falls, blows, sprains, or disjointed limbs, or any swelling pain, or ache in the muscles, sin- ews, or arteries. The mucilage of the roots, and of linseed and fenugreek put together, is much used in poultices, ointments, and plasters, to mollify and digest hard swel- lings, and the inflammation of them, and to ease pains in any part of the body. The seed either green or dry, mix- ed with vinegar, cleanses the skin of morphew, &c. MANDRAKE.—( Mandragora.) Descrip.—This has a large brown root, sometimes single and sometimes divided into three parts, growing deep, from which spring several large dark green leaves, a foot or more in length, and four or five inches b sharp ted at the ends, of a fœtid smell; from among these the flowers, each on a separate footstalk, about the and size of a primrose, of a whitish colour, and of -fashioned leaf, cut into five segments, standing in 2 five · cornered calyx, and are succeeded by smooth 58 8 The fruit has been accounted rey but without cause. The leaves are cooling, and are used for ointments, and A as an emetic and purgative, so that few consti- MAPLE-TREE.—( Acer.) There are many varieties of this tree, according to the place of its growth, and the taste of the planter ; but the —— are, the Greater and the Less; Greater striped- Maple; Smaller or Common Maple; another with red seed ; Virginian Ash-leaved Maple; Norway Maple, with plane-tree leaves; Striped Norway Maple; Virginian Scarlet-flowering Maple; Sir Charles Wager's Maple ; American Sugar Maple ; Pennsylvania Mountain Maple ; 226 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. Italian Maple, or Orpalus; Montpelier Maple; Cretan Ivy-leaved Maple ; Tartarian Maple 1 Descrip.— It is so well known, that little need be said here about it. Place.—It grows in hedges, and in gentlemens’ parks. Time.—It blossoms from March to the end of May. Government and Virtues.—It is under the dominion of Jupiter. The decoction of the leaves or barks strengthens the liver very much. It is good to open obstructions of the liver and spleen, and eases the pain which proceeds from thence, e larger Maple, if tapped, yields a con- siderable quantity of liquor, of a sweet and pleasant taste, which may be made into wine. The wood boiled as sugar- cane, leaves a salt hardly to be distinguished from sugar. MARJORAM (COMMON WILD.)—(Origanwn Vulgare. ) CALLED also Origane, Origanum, Eastward Marjoram, Wild Marjoram, and Grove Marjoram. Descrip.—Wild or Field Marjoram has a root that creeps much under ground, which continues a long time, sending up sundry brownish, hard, square stalks with small dark green leaves, very like those of Sweet Marjo- ram, but harder and broader, at the top of the stalk stand tufts of purplish-red flowers. The seed is small, and ra- ther blacker than that of Sweet Marjoram. Place.—It grows in borders of corn-fields, and in copses. Time.—It flowers towards the end of the summer. Government and Virtues.—This is under the dominion of Mercury. It streugthens the stomach and head much ; there is scarcely a better herb growing for relieving a sour stomach, loss of a pate cough, consumption of the lungs ; it cleanses the body of choler, expels poison, reme- dies the infirmities of the spleen, and helps the bites of venomous beasts, It provokes urine and the terms in women, helps the dropsy, scurvy, scabs, itch, and yellow jaundice. The juice dropped into the ears, helps deafness, pain and noise in them. The whole plant is a warm aro- matic, and an infusion of the dried leaves is extremely teful. The essential oil poured on a little lint, and put into the hollow of an aching tooth, removes the pain. It is an excellent medicine in nervous cases. The leaves and 55 dried, and given in powder, are good in head-aches. e tops made into a conserve, are good for disorders of CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 227 the stomach and bowels, such as flatulencies, and indiges- tion ; an infusion of the whole plant is serviceable in ob- structions of the viscera, and against the jaundice. MARJORAM (SWEET.)—(Origanum Marjorana.) Sweet Marjoram is so well known that it is needless to write any description of it, or of either Winter Sweet Marjoram (Origanum Heracleoticum,) or Pot Marjoram 8 Place.—It grows commonly in ens; some sorts grow wild in the borders of 8 pastures. Tims.—It flowers in the end of summer. Government and Virtues.—It is an herb of Mercury, and under Aries, and is an excellent remedy for the brain and other parts of the body. Our Common Sweet Marjoram is warming and comforting in cold diseases of the head, stomach, sinews, and other parts, taken inwardly or out- wardly ied. The decoction thereof being drunk, helps diseases of the chest, obstructions of the liver and spleen, old griefs of the womb, and the windiness thereof, and the loss of speech, by resolution of the tongue. The decoction, made with some Pellitory of Spain, and long pepper, if drunk, is good for dropsy, for those who cannot make wa- ter, and against pains in the belly. It provokes womens’ courses, if put up as a pessary. Made into powder, and mixed with honey, it takes away the marks of blows, and bruises ; it takes away the inflammation and watering of the eyes, if mixed with fine flour, and laid into them. The juice dropped into the ears, eases the pains and singing noise in them. It is profitably put into ointments an salves that are warm, and comforts the outward parts, as the joints and sivews ; for swellings also, and places out of joint. The powder snuffed up into the nose provokes sneezing, and thereby purges the brain; chewed in the mouth, it draws forth much phlegm. The oil is very warm and comforting to the joints that are stiff, and the sinews that are hard, to mollify and supple them. MARIGOLD (CORN.)—/( Chrysanthemum Segetum. ) Descrip.—This grows with leaves pretty thick and juicy, of a pale yellow-green colour, broader at the end than at that part next the stalk, somewhat clammy in handling; the stalks grow a foot or more high, beset with smaller leaves. The flowers grow singly at the eud of the stalks, consisting of a border of gold yellow petal, set about the middle 228 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL thrum, of a dark reddish fistular flosculi, of a strong, some- what resinous smell, standing in green scaly calyces. The seed is large and crooked, of a brownish colour. Place.—It grows in gardens. Time.—It flowers in summer: the flowers are frequent · ly double. The leaves and flowers are used. Government and Pirtues.— This plant is hot and dry, therefore under the Sun. It is accounted cordial, alexi- pharmic, good in all kinds of fevers ; it promotes sweat, and is frequently used to drive out small-pox and measles; it also helps the jaundice. A good quantity of the juice is put into treacle water. The juice is recommended for sore eyes, and to take away warts. MASTERWORT.—(Imperatoria Ostruthium.) . Descrip—Common Masterwort has divers stalks of winged leaves divided into sundry Ae three for the most part standing together at a small foot-stalk on both sides of the ter, and three likewise at the end of the stalk, somewhat broad, and cut in on the edges into three or more divisions, all of them dented about the brims, of a dark green colour, from smaller leaves near the bottom rise up two or three short stalks about two feet high, and slen- der, with such like leaves at the joints which grow below, with lesser and fewer divisions, bearing abate of white flowers, and after them, thin, flat black seeds. The root ig somewhat great, growing rather sideways than down deep in the shea shooting forth sundry heads, which taste sharp, biting the tongue, and is the hottest and sharp- est part of the plant, and the seed next unto it being some- what blackish on the outside, and smelling well. Place.—It grows in gardens with us in 9 Time.— It flowers and seeds about the end of August. Government and Virtues.—It is an herb of Mars, The root is hot, and 9 available in colds and diseases of the head, stomach and body, dissolving very powerfully u wards and downwards. The root is of a cordial sidloribic nature, and stands high as a remedy of great efficacy in malignant and pestilential fevers. It is most efficacious when taken ont of the ground, and if given in a light in- fusion. It ix also used in a decoction with wine against all cold rheums, distillation upon the lungs, or shortness of breath. It provokes urine, and helps to break the stone, and expel the gravel from the kidneys: provokes womens CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 229 courses, and expels the dead-birth ; is singularly good for strangling of the mother, and other such feminine disor- ders. It is effectual against the dropsy, cramps, and fall- ing sickness ; the decoction in wine being gargled in the mouth, draws down much water and phlegm from the brain, purging and easing it of what oppressed it, It is of à rare quality against all sorts of cold poison, to be taken as there is cause ; it provokes sweat. But lest the taste of the seed should be too offensive, the best way is to take water distilled both from the herb and root. The juice dropped into green wounds or filthy ulcers, and envenom- ed wounds, does soon cleanse and heal them. The same is also very good to help the gout coming of a cold cause. MASTIC HERB.—( Thymus Mastichina.) CalLxp also Summer ca & Descrip.—This is a shrubby plant, full of round slender brown stalks, a foot high or more, argh ys leaves at a joint. The flowers grow on the tops of the stalks, in soft, downy, verticillated spikes, by which it may be known from the other plants of this kind: they are small, white, and e whole plant has a pleasant smell. —It is a nativeof France but grows in our gardens. Time.—It flowers in June and July. Government and Pirtues.— This is a mild but martial plant. The tops when in flower, gathered and dried, are good in disorders of the head and nerves, and against stop- in the viscera, being of a warm aromatic nature. The resinous concrete substance commonly known by the name of gum-mastic, is the produce of the foreign tree. This mastic is recommended in doses of from half a scruple to = — r as a mild 1 restringent el old coughs, spitting o ooseness, weakness of the stomach, &c. MAYWEED (STINKING.)—(Pyrethrum Parthenium.) Descrip.—It grows to a foot high, branched and spread- ing ; the stalk 1 and re, sod are of a deep and blackish green, and of an ill smell. The flower is white, with a high yellow disk, pointed at top, and the divisions of the leaves swell in the middle. Place.—This is an annual weed, found in ploughed soil. Time.—It flowers in May and June. Virtues.—The flowers have, but in a very inferior do- 230 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HEEbBAL. some of the virtues of camomile, and are far more greeable in taste. The leaves operate by urine, and in some constitutions by stool ; but both ways roughly, and should be very cautiously tampered with. MEADOW-SWEET.—(Spirea Ulmaria.) . Descrip.—It has a long reddish fibrous root, from which spring several pinnated leaves, having two or three pair of opposite, large, serrated pinnss, with an odd one at the end, cut into three ote ; they are hoary underneath, and green above, wrinkled, and full of veins, and having seve- ral small pieces between the pinne; the stalk is red and angular, growing two or three feet high, beset in an alter- nate order with the like leaves. The flowers grow upon the tops of the stalks in umbel-fashion, being small, five- oy and full of apices, of a white colour, followed by little round heads, screw-fashion, of several seeds together. Place.—It grows in moist meadows and by river-sides, Time.—It flowers in June, The leaves and tops are used. Government and 5 is regent of the Mea- dow-sweet. The flowers are alexipharmic and sudorific, and good in fevers, and all malignant distempers ; they are likewise astringent, binding, and useful in fluxes of all sorts. An infusion of the fresh-gathered tops of this plant promotes sweating. It is an excellent medicine in fevers attended with purgings, and may be given to the quantit of a moderate n full, once in two or three hours. It a good wound-herb, whether taken inwardly or externally applied. A water distilled from the flowers is good for e eee of the eyes. MEDLAR.—(Aespilus Germanica. ) Descrip.—The branches grow to a reasonable size, with long and narrow leaves, not dented about the edges. At the end of the sprigs stand the flowers, made of white, great pointed leaves, nicked in the middle with some white ag after which come the fruit, of a brownish green colour, being ripe, bearing a crown as it were on the top, which were the five green leaves ; and being rubbed off, or fallen away, the head of the fruit is seen to be somewhat hollow. The fruit is very harsh before it is mellowed, and hath usually five hard kernels within it. Place.—It is a native of Germany, and is cultivated in our gardens and orchards for the sake of its fruit. * CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 231 Time.—Its blossoms appear in April and May, and the fruit ripens in Se ber and October. Government Virtues.—The fruit is Saturn’s, It stays womens’ longings. A plaster made of the fruit dried be- fore they are rotten, and other convenient things, and ap- plied to the reins of the back, stops miscarriage in preg- nant women. They are very powerful to stay fluxes of n. or 5 2 * or ug u ; the lea ves also have is quality. The fruit, if eaten by pregnant women, stays cbeir lo ings for unusual erat The decoction of the fruit is to gargle the mouth, throat, and teeth, when there are any defluctions of blood to stay it, or of humours, which causes the pains and swellings. It isa good bath for women to sit over, whose courses flow too abundantly ; er If a poultice or plaster be made with dried medlars, ten and mixed with the juice of red roses, whereunto a few cloves and nutmegs may be added, and a little red coral also, and applied to the stomach that is given to loathing of meat, it will effectually help. The dried leaves in powder strewed on fresh wounds, restrains the and heals up quickly. The Medlar-stones made into powder, and in wine, wherein some ge 3 roots are infused all night, or a little boiled, breaks the stone in the kidneys, and helps to expel it. MELILOT.—( Trifolium Melilotus.) Caen also King’s-Clover. ip.—The Melilot has a large, woody, spreadin white root, from which spring many slender channell smooth stalks, two or three feet high, having at every joint three oblong, round-pointed green leaves, set together on one footatalk, serrated about the edges. The flowers grow on long spikes, and are of a yellow colour ; succeeded by a rough round pod. The whole plant, but especially the — has a strong Sane smell, 1 At grows uently corn, an Timæ.—It ea in Juneand July. The leaves cad flowers are used. Government and Virtues.—Melilot, boiled in wine, and applied, softens all hard tumours and inflammations in the eyes, or other parts of the body, as the fundament and privy parts of men or women ; and sometimes the yolk of a egg, or fine flour, or poppy seed, or a 52 is added unto it. It helps spreading ulcers 3 if hos CULPEPER'S COMPLETE HERBAL, washed with a lye made of it. It helps the pains of the stomach, being carefully applied fresh or boiled with any of the aforenamed things ; it will ease pains in the ears, if dropped into them; steeped in vinegar or rose - water, it mitigates the head-ache. The flowers of Melilot and Cam- mile, are used together in clysters to expel wind, and ease pains; also in poultices for the same purpose, and to as- suage swelling tumours in the spleen and other ae and helps inflammations in any part of the body. e juice dropped into the eyes, is a singular * medicine to take away the film that dims the sight. The head often wash- ed with the distilled water of the herb and flowers is good for those who swoon, also to strengthen the memory, to comfort the head and brain, and to preserve them from pain, and the apoplexy. A plaster made of this herb boil- ed in mutton-suet, wax and rosin, is drawing, and good for green wounds; the fresh plant makes an excellent poul- tice for hard swellings and inflammatory tumours, at once ripening them, and taking away the pain. MERCURY FRENCH) Mercurialis Gallium.) Descrip.—French Mercury, male and female, grows a foot high, full of smooth angular stalks, beset with narrow leaves, about an inch and a half long, broadest in the mid- dle, and sharper at both ends, indented about the edges, of a pale yellow green colour, growing in spikes, which rise from the m of the leaves. Those of the female fall off without any seed. The male has a couple of testiculated seeds at the end of the spike. The root is fibrous, and per- ishes after it has flowered and given seed. | Place.—It grows among rubbish in waste places. Time. —It flowers in June. | Government and Virtues.—This plant is under the domi- nion of the Moon. The leaves and stalks are used, and are aperitive and mollifying; the decoction purges choleric and serous humours: it is also used in clysters. A decoction of the seeds with wormwood, is commended for the yellow jaundice. The juice takes away warts. MEZEREON SPURGE.—( Daphne Mezerewm.) — CALLED also Olive Spurge, Flax or Dwarf a 9 | Descrip.—It has a woody root, tough and spreading, and the stem is shrubby, full of branches, covered with a rougbish grey bark, and grows five or six feet high. The b — J * —— — . Ps i a i ae ~~ —— OCULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL, 233 leaves in clusters from certain small protuberances in the ; they are oblong, smooth on the surface, en- tire at the edges, and of a dark green colour. The flowers are so numerous as to make the branches appear almost the whole length, of a beautiful red colour ; sometimes, however, they are white. The seed grows single, nearly round, and of a fleshy substance. Place and Time.—It is found wild in several parts of England and is kept in most gardeus for the beautiful 5 pearance it makes in January, February, and March, the months in which it flowers. and Pirtues.—It is Saturnine. The whole plant has an exceeding acrid biting taste, and is very cor- rosive. An ointment prepared from the bark, or the ber- ries is a serviceable application to foul ill-conditioned ul - cers. A decoction made of a dram of the bark of the root in three pints of water, till one pint is wasted, and this quantity taken in the course of a day, for a considerable time together, has been found very efficacious in resolving and di ing venereal swellings and excrescences. The bark of the root, or the inner bark of the branches, is to be used, but it requires caution in the administration, and must only be given to people of robust constitutions, and very sparingly even to those ; for if given in too large a dose, or to a weakly person, it will cause bloody stools and 2 ; it is good in dropsy and other stubborn disor- ders. A light infusion is the best mode of giving it. GARDEN MINT, on GARDEN SPEAR. —(Mentha Viridis.) Descrip.—This Mint has many square stalks, which, in good ground, will grow to two or three feet high, having two long sharp-pointed leaves, set opposite at a joint, with- out footstal 1 underneath, thinly serrated at W — o flowers grow in long spikes on the tops of the set on verticiliatim, being small and purplish, — — labella so small, that they are hardly perceivea —— white, long pontel — out of their ths. uc root creeps and spreads much in the earth, mou being long and slender. The leav and flowe have a pleasant and agreeable wsdl” 7 17 Place.—It is planted in gardens, Time.—It flowers in July. and Virtues.—It is an herb of Venus, and 234 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HEBBAL. has a binding, drying quality; the juice taken in vinegar, stays bleeding, stirs up venery, or bodily lust; two or three branches taken in the juice of four pomegranates, stays the hiccough, vomiting, and allays the choler. It dis- solves imposthumes, being laid to with barley-meal. It is good to repress the milk in womens’ breasts. Applied with salt, it helps the bites of mad dogs: with mead or honey- ed water, it eases the pains of the ears, and takes awa the roughness of the tongue, being rubbed thereupon. It suffers not milk to curdle in the stomach, if the leaves be steeped or boiled in it before being drunk ; it is very pro- fitable to the stomach, Often using it will stay womens’ courses and the whites. Applied to the forehead and tem- ples, it eases the pains in the head, and is good to wash the heads of young children with, against all manner of breakings out, sores or scabs, and heals the chops in the fundament. It is also profitable against the poison of ven- omous creatures, The distilled water of mint is available for all the pu aforesaid, yet more weakly. But if a irit thereof be chemically drawn, it is more powerful than the herb. It helpsa cold liver, strengthens the belly, causes digestion, stays vomiting and the hiccough ; it is good against the gnawing of the heart, provokes appetite, takes away obstructions of the liver, but too much must not be taken, because it makes the blood thin, and turns it into choler, therefore choleric persons must abstain from it. The dried powder taken after meat, helps digestion, and those that are splenetic. Taken in wine, it helps women in their sore travail in child-bearing. It is good against the gravel and stone in the kidneys, and the strangury. Being smelled unto, it is comforting to the head. The de- coction gargled in the mouth, cures the mouth and that are sore, and amends an ill-favoured breath. Mint is an herb that is useful in all disorders of the stomach, as weakness, ganar RE loss of appetite, pain, and vomit- ing; it is likewise very good to stop gonorrheea, the fluor sees, and the immoderate flow of the menses; a cataplasm of the green leaves applied to the stomach, stays 8 and to womens' breasts, prevents the hardness and curd- ing of the milk. A decoction is good to wash the hands of children when broken out with scabs and blotches. Officinal preparations of Mint are, a simple water and spirit, a compound spirit, and a distilled oil. CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 285 MINT (PEPPER.)—( Mentha Piperita. ) Descrip.—The leaves of this Mint are broader and some- what shorter than Spear-mint, growing on footstalks, half an inch long, sharply serrated about the edges. The stalks are square, about two feet high. The flowers are numer- ous, and grow in loose oblong spikes on the tops of the they are bi than those of S mint, but of the same colour, and more thickly set. Both leaves and flowers have a pleasant scent, and a hot biting taste, like . The root is slender and cree ing. lace.—It grows in several places, — on the banks ot rivers, and is an inhabitant of almost every garden. Time.—It blossoms in July and August, Virtues.—This herb has a strong, agreeable, aromatio smell, and a moderate warm bitterish taste; it is useful for complaints of the stomach, such as wind, canny &c. for which there are few remedies of greater efficacy. It i E in poultices and fomentations to disperse curdled milk in the breasts, and also to be used with milk diets. All Mints are astringent, and of warm subtle parts; great strength - eners of the stomach. Their fragrance betokens them ce- sae ; they effectually take off nauseousness and retch- to vomit; they are also of use in looseness. The sim- ple water given to children, removes the gripes; but these virtues more particularly belong to Spear and Pepper-mint. MINT (WATER).—( Mentha Aquatica, ) ip.—This Mint has square, hairy, brown stalks, a foot or more, with two 2 large leaves at a joint, get on short footstalks, broad at the basis, and narrower at the edges, of a very strong smell. The flowers grow on the tops of the stalks, in round spikes, with one or two of the eame a little lower on the stalks, at the setting on of the upper leaves. * ee 3 than common mint, of a pale purple colour. o root is astringent and fibrous. Place,—It grows in damp watery places, wild, and is cul- tivated in most gardens for its medicinal qualities. Time.—The flowers appear in August. Virtues.—The distilled water of this plant is well known as a carminative and antispasmodic ; it relieves colic, and other disorders of the stomach and bowels most instanta- ; and is good in the gravel. It is a valuable medi- eine in flatulent colica, hysteric depressions, and other com- 236 CULPEPEER’S COMPLETE HEBBAL plaints of a similar nature. Water Mint expels wind out of the stomach, opens the obstructions of the womb, and produces catamenia. The v dropped into the ears, eases pain and helps deafness, though not much used. MINT (WILD, on HORSE.) — ( Mentha Sylvestris.) Desorip.— This Wild-Mint grows not so tall as Garden Mint, or so much branched, having square hoary stalks, with two long, sharp-pointed n likewise, es- pecially underneath, and serrated about the edges, without any footstalks. The flowers grow at the end of the stalks, in long narrow spikes, being small and purple. The whole plant has a strong but not unpleasant abel. Virtues.—It is good for wind and colic in the stomach, to procure the menses, and expel the birth and secundines, The juice dropped into the ears eases the pains of them, and destroys the worms that breed therein. The juice laid on warm, helps the king’s-evil, or kernels in the throat. The decoction or distilled water helps a stinking breath, proceeding from corruption of the teeth; and snuffed u the nose, purges the head. It helps the scurf or dan of the head used with vinegar. MISSELTOE.—/( Viscous Quercus. ) Desorip.— This plant fixes itself and takes root on the branches of trees. It spreads out into large bushes, hav- ing many woody branches, covered with a yellow-green bark, of different sizes, being full of Wer that easily part asunder, having at each two thick leaves, narrowest at the bottom, and broader and round at the ends. It bears several small yellow four leaved flowers, to which succeed round, white, almost pellucid berries, as big as white cur- rants, full of a tough viscid juice, in the middle of which lies one flat heart-fashioned seed. It grows upon several trees, as the apple, the crab, the hazel, the ash, the „ mt the lime, the willow, the whitethorn, and the oak; this is best of all. Government and Virtues.—This is under the dominion of the Sun, with something of the nature of Jupiter. Both the leaves and berries do heat and , and are of subtle a ; the bird-lime mollifies hard knots, tumours, and posthumes, ripens and discusses them, and draws forth thick as well as thin humours from the remote parts of the body, digesting and separating them, being mixed with CULPEPER’S OOMPLETE HERBAL. 237 parts of rosin and wax, mollifies the hardness of the veel and helps old ulcers and sores, mixed also with sanderic and orpiment, it helps to draw off foul nails, and if quick lime and wine lees be added thereto, it works the or. Made into powder, and given to drink, it is for falling-sickness. The fresh wood bruised, and the ice thus extracted dropped into the ears is effectual in curing the imposthumes in them. Misseltoe is a cephalic and nervine medicine, useful for convulsive fist, palsy, and i The bird-lime which is made of the berries of is a powerful attractive, and is good to ripe hard tumours and swellings. 7 MONEY WORT.—( Lysimachia Nummularia.) Ca..Ep also Herb Twopence. ip.—The common Moneywort sends forth from a small thready root divers long, weak, and slender branch- es, running upon the ground two or three feet long, set with leaves one against another at equal distances, which are almost round, but pointed at the ends, smooth, and of a good colour. At the joints with the leaves from the mi forward come forth at every point sometimes one yellow flower, and sometimes two, standing each on a footstalk, and made of five leaves, narrow-pointed at the end, with some yellow threads in the middle, which be- there comes small round heads of seeds. It grows plentifully in moist grounds by hedge- sides, and in the middle of grassy fields. Time.—It flowers in June and July, and the seed is ripe shortly afterwards. Governme.4 and Virtues.—Venus owns it. It is good to stay all fluxes in man or woman, whetber they be laxes, bloody-fiuxes, or the flowing of women’s courses; bleeding inwardly or outwardly; the weakness of the stomach that is given to casting. It is good also for ulcers or excoria- tions of the lungs, or other inward parts. It will quickly heal green wounds, and old spreading ulcers. The juice of the herb, or the powder drank in water, wherein hot steel has been quenched, will act the same for the aforenamed eae 6 as well alss a decoction of the green herb, drank wine or water, or to bathe the outward wounds, The juice is effectual also for overflowings of the menses, and the roots dried and powdered, are good in purgings, 938 OULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL MOONWORT.—(Osmunda Lunaria.) Descrip.—It has one dark, 2 thick and flat leaf, standing upon a short footstalk, two fingers in breadth ; when it flowers it bears a slender stalk, four or five inches high, having one leaf in the middle, divided on both sides into five or seven parts, each part is small like the middle rib, broader forwards, pointed and round, resembling a half moon, the uppermost being bigger than the lowest. The stalks rise above this leaf two or three inches, bearing many branches of smaller tongues, of a brownish colour, which, after continuing a while, resolve into a mealy dust. The root is small and Snows This has sometimes divers leaves like those before described, with many branches arising from one stalk, each divided from the other. Place.—It grows on grassy hills and heaths. Time.—It is found only in April and May. Government and Virtues.—The Moon owns this herb. It is cold and drying, and is available for wounds both out- ward and inward. The leaves boiled in red wine, and drank, stay immoderate courses and the whites. It stays bleeding, vomiting, and other fluxes, It helps all blows and bruises, and consolidates all fractures and dislocations. It is good for ruptures, and is put into oils and balsams to heal fresh and green wounds. MOSS (GROUND.)—(Lychen Terrestris.) Descrip.—This grows in barren ground, and at the roots of trees. It spreads on the eee numerous slen- der flagella, having small triangular leaves set close to the stalks, among which spring reddish stalks an inch long, almost as fine as hairs, bearing on the tops little hollow d . e a A og sips e ee 4 —It grows in our moist w groun in shadowy ditches, and such like places, | Government and Virtues.—It is under Saturn, and is good to break the stone, to expel and drive it forth by urine, if boiled in wine, and drank. The herb, bruised and boiled in water, and applied, eases all inflammations ind pains from a hot cause; and is useful too to ease the gout. The tree moss is cooling and e and par- takes of a digesting and mollifying quality. moss partakes of the nature of the tree on which it grows, the oak is binding, and of good effect to atay fluxes, vomiting OULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 239 and bleeding, if the powder be taken in wine. The decoo- tion in wine is good to bathe or sit in, to stay the overflow- ing of the courses. The powder taken in drink is available for dropsy. The oil with the moss steeped in it for a time, and afterwards boiled and applied to the temples and fore- head, eases the head-ache coming of a hot cause, and the distillations of hot rheums in the eyes, or other parts. MOTHERWORT.—(Leonurus Cardiaca. ) Descrip.—This has a hard, = brownish, rough strong rising three or four feet high, spreading into many es, whereon grow leaves on each side, with long footstalks, two at every joint, somewhat broad and long, as if it were rough and coupled, with many great veins therein of a sad green colour, deeply dented about the edges, and almost divided. From the middle of the branch- es up to the tops of them, which are long and Ww the — round them in distances, in 2 pe h of a red or purple colour, after which come blackish seeds in great plenty. The root sends forth a number of long strings and small fibres, tak- ing strong hold in the ground, of a dark yellowish or brownish colour Place.—It 8 only in gardens with us in England. Tims. —It flowers in July or the beginning of August. Government and Virtues.— Venus owns the herb, and it is under Leo, There is no better herb to take melancholy vapours from the heart, and to strengthen it. It may be kept in a syrup or conserve ; it makes mothers joyful, and settles the womb, therefore is it called Motherwort. It is of use for the trembling of the heart, fainting and swoon- ing. The powder, to the quantity of a spoonful, drank in wine, helps women in sore travail, as also for the suffocat- tog or rising of the mother. It provokes urine and wo- mens’ courses, cleanses the chest of cold phlegm, kills the worms in the belly. It is of use to digest and disperse them that settle in the veins, jointa, and sinews of the body, and to help cramps and convulsions. MOUSE-EAR.—(Cerastiwm Vulgatum. ) ip.—This is a low herb, creeping on the ground by small strings, whereby it shoots forth small roots, whereat 2 many small short leaves, set in round form „and very hairy which being broken, give a whi 240 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL, milk ; from among these leaves spring up two or three small hoary stalks a — high, with a ker smaller leaves thereon; at the tops whereof stand usually but one flower, consisting of many pale yellow leaves, broad at the point, and a little dented in, set in three or four rows, the great- er uppermost, a little reddish underneath about the edges, ‘especially if it grows in a dry ground; which, after the have stood long in flower, do turn into down, which, wi the seed, is carried away by the wind. Place.—It grows in pi ditches, and ditch-banks. Time,—It fiowers in June or July,and isgreen all winter. Government and Pirtues.— The Moon owns this herb. The juice taken in wine, or the the decoction drank, helps the jaundice, if taken eee and evening. It is a special remedy against the stone, and the pains thereof: and the griping pains of the bowels, The decoction, with succory and centaury, is effectual to help the dropsy, and diseases of the spleen. It stays the fluxes of the blood, either at the mouth or nose ; it is good also for inward or outward wounds, and stays bloody-flux and womens’ courses. A syrup made of the juice and sugar, is good for coughs or phthisic. The same is good for ruptures or burstings. The n herb bruised, and bound to any cut or wound, quick- y solders the lips thereof.. And the juice, decoction, or powder of the dried herb, is efficacious to stay spreading and fretting cancers and ulcers in the mouth and secret parts. The distilled water of the t is available ‘in all the diseases aforesaid, and to wash outward wounds and sores, by applying tents of cloth wet therein. MUGWORT (COMMON.)—( Artemisia Vulgaris.) Descrip.—Common Mugwort has many leaves lying on the ground, much cut, and divided into many e ee of a dusky green on the upper side, but white and hoary underneath. The stalk is ruddy brown, firm and hard, four feet and a half high, upright, full of branches with spiry tops, whereon grow many chaffy flowers, of a yellow brown colour, like buttons, which, after they are gone, are succeeded by small seeds inclosed in round heads. The root is long and hard, with many small fibres growing from it, whereby it takes firm hold of the ground, spreading much. It survives the winter, and blooms afresh in spring. Place. This is a perennial, frequent in waste grounds by the aides of waters and foot-paths, r ee a Wilh Wor? 1 Mamu, Wealleu Wlother of 2 Weudou Sauer wy x CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 241 Time.—It flowers in June and July, when it is ready for use ; the seed is ripe at the end of summer. Government and Virtues.—This is an herb of Venus. Its leaves and flowers are full of virtue ; they are aro- matic, and most safe and excellent in female disorders. For this pu the flowers and buds should be put into a teapot, and boiling water poured over them, and when 1 with a little sugar and milk; this may repeated twice a day, or oftener, as occasions require. It is boiled among other herbs for drawing down the courses, by sitting over it, and for hastening the delivery, and helps to expel the afterbirth, and is good for the obstructions and inflammations of the mother. It breaks the stone and a the over-much taking of opium. Three drams of powder of the dried leaves taken in wine, is a bee and certain help for the sciatica. A decoction made wit for the gout by burning the pa affected, is the down which grows upon the under side of this herb. MULBERRY-TREE.—( Morus Nigra.) yp.—There are two kinds of mulberries, the com- mon b and the white. It grows to a large tree, with a brown rugged bark, shooting out its leaves very late in the spring, which are large, and rough or scabious, broad base, an wing narrower towards the end, ser- rated about the edges, and set on short footstalks. The flowers stick close to the branches, each composed of four smal! leaves, growing in clusters. The fruit is oblong, con- sisting of a great number of acini, set together in a round form, of a dark purple, almost black when ripe, full of a sweet, pleasant, purple juice. Place.—It grows in gardens. Time.—The fruit is ripe in August and September. The bark of the root, and the fruit are used. Government and Pirtues.— Mercury rules the tree. It is I 242 ' GULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL, of different parts; the ripe berries open the body, and the unripe bind it, especiall~ when they are dried, and then they are good to stay fiuxes, laxes, and womens’ courses. The bark of the root kills the broad worms in the belly. The juice, or syrup made of the juice of the berries, 3 all inflammations or sores in the mouth or throat. The juice of the leaves is a remedy against the bites of serpents, and for those that have taken aconite. A decoction made of the bark and leaves, is good to wash the teeth when they ache. The leaves stay the bleeding at the mouth or nose, or the bleeding of the piles, or of a wound, if bound unto the places. MULLEIN (BLACK.)—( Verbascum Nigrum.) _ Descrip.—The stalk is round and hoary, arising usually single, about as tall as a man. The lower leaves are large, a foot long, and three or four inches broad, sharp poin at the end, slightly indented about the edges, covered with a hoary down. Those which grow on the stalk, have their middle ribs affixed to it for half their length, which make the stalk appear winged. The flowers grow in a long spike, set thick and close, each consisting of one leaf cut into five segments, of a yellow colour, with as many woolly stamina, baving purple apices, The seed-vessels are oblong and 33 opening in two when ripe, and showing a small rownish seed. The root is single, and small. Place.—It grows in highways, and by hedge-sides. Time.—It flowers in July. The leaves are used. Virtues.— They are accounted pectoral, and good for coughs, 1 of blood, and other affections of the breast; they are likewise good for griping and colic pains, arising from sharp humours ; outwardly used in fomentations or fumigations, they are reckoned a specific against the pains and swelling of the hemorrhoids, or piles. MULLEIN (WHITE.)—( Verbascwm Lychnitis.) Descrip.—This has many fair, large, woolly whiteleav lying next the ground, somewhat larger than broad, int. ed at the end, and dented about the edges. The stalk rises to four or five feet high, covered over with such like leaves, but less, so that no stalk can be seen for the number of leaves set thereon up to the flowers, which come forth on all sides of the stalk, without any branches for the most part, and are many set together in a long spike, in some PA OCULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBA. 243 of a yellow colour, in others wore pale, 83 of five em pointed leaves, which afterwards have small round heads, which contain small brownish seed. The root is long, white, and woody, perishing after it hath borne seed. Place.—It grows by way-sides and lanes, in many places in the west of England. Time.—It flowers in July, or thereabouts, Government and Pirtues.—It is under the dominion of Saturn. A small quantity of the root is commended against laxes and fluxes of the body. The decoction, if drunk, is profitable for those that are bursten, and for cramps, convulsions, and old coughs. The decoction - led, eases tooth-ache, and the oil made by infusion of the flowers, is of good effect for the piles. The decoction of the root in red wine or water, is good for ague ; when red-hot steel has been quenched in it, if drank it will stay bloody- flux, and open obstruction of the bladder and reins. A de- coction of the leaves, with sage, marjoram, aud camomile flowers, and the places bathed therewith, is good for colds, stiff sinews, and cramps. Three ounces of the distilled water of the flowers drank morning and evening is a reme- dy for the gout. The juice of the leaves and flowers laid on rough warts, as also the powder of the dried roots rub- bed on, takes them away. The powder of the dried flow- ers is a remedy for bowel e ee or the pains of the colic, The decoction of the root and the leaves, is of great effect to dissolve the tumours, swellings, or inflammations of the throat. The seed and leaves boiled in wine, draw forth speedily thorns or splinters from the flesh, eases the pains, and heals them. The seed bruised and boiled in wine, and laid on any member that has been out of joint, and newly set again, takes away all swelling and pain. MUSHROOM (GARDEN) -( Agaricus Campestris. ) Descri — This is much better than that which grows in is a fungous plant, without the least a ce of leav flowers, or seed. It rises from the Wer. its dn der form, with a straight stem, an inch or more high, covered with a round, high, thick, soft white head ; underneath it is of a reddish flesh-colour, and when the plant has arriv- ed at its full growth, the head is axwatided almost flat, forming a large flap, which, if not gathered, falls to the Seeuind, shedding what ta wipposed £0 be the’ seed. This 244 OCULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAuw Mushroom is distinguishable from the others, by its im- ing an agreeable smell. As it increases in size, the eshy colour underneath turns redder, and the edges be- come a blackish red, but without losing or changing its fleshy colour within. Place. In the field it owes its origin to the putrefaction of earth or dung. From this beginning they discover them- selves under the form of a white, mouldy substance, called wn, which produces numerous white knots, or embryo plants, gradually increasing to the perfect Mushroom. Time.—In fields it is of very short duration and growth at particular times; but in gardens it is propagated from rotten horse dung and putrid moist litter all the year. Government and Pirtues.— Mushrooms are under Mer- tury in Aries. Roasted and applied in a poultice, or boiled with white lily roots, and linseed, in milk, they ripen boils and abscesses better than any preparation that can be made. Their poultices are of service in quinsies, and in- flammatory swellings. Inwardly, they are unwholesome, and unfit for the strongest constitutions. MUSTARD (BLACK.)—(Sinapis Nigra.) Descrip.—The lower leaves are large and rough ; the stalk grows four or five. feet high, smooth, branched, and with smaller leaves than those below, thick, smooth, and less cut in, a little serrated about the edges, and hanging down on long footstalks, The flowers are small and yel- low, of four leaves each, set many together, and flowerin by degrees ; before they have done flowering, the spike o the mer coe is satay ay, By t ry: 3 ke are uarish, clasping close to the an -pointed at : the end, full of padi dark, brown seed, of a hot biting ae ea root is acu iy ag ed, a of rsa ace.—It grows uently in waste and among rubbish ; hind ls frequently sown in 8 Time. —It flowers in June. Government and Virtues.—It is an excellent sauce for clarifying the blood, and for weak stomachs, being an herb of Maes, buc unfit for choleric people; it also streugthens the heart and resists poison. Let such as have weak ste machs take of M -seed and Cinnamon, one draru each, beaten into powder, with half a dram of powdered mastic and -arabic dissolved in rose-water, made into troches of half w dams oaelk fo weight, one of these troches to be 7 j — . 232) U ͤ CULPEPERS COMPLETE HERBAL. 24 en an hour or two before meals. e may take nuch of this medicine with advantage. Mustard-seed has the virtue of heat, discussing, re and drawing out inters of bones, and other things of the flesh. It is good to bring down the courses, for falling-sickness or lethargy, to use it both inwardly and out y, to rub the nostrils, forehead, and temples, to warm and quicken the spirits ; it the brain by 8 and draws down rheum . viscous humours, and with some honey added it is good for old coughs. The decoction of the seed made in wine and drank, resists poison, the malignity of mush- rooms, and the bites of venomous creatures, if taken in igs The ogame F in ma electuary vg oy — ust, and h e spleen and pains in the sides, an pa ings of the bowels ; used as a gargle it draws up the palate of the mouth, if fallen; and it 3 swellin about the throat, if outwardly applied. Chewed in the mouth, it N the er 1 plication upon ined place of the sciatica, discusses the humours, and cares pain; as also the gout and other joint-aches 3 often “yer to ease 2 8 the — ar 2 de or other parts of the Y, upon the a thereof to raise blisters, and cures ee it to the outward parts of the body. It is also used to help the falling off of the hair. The seed bruised, with honey, and applied, or made up with wax, takes away marks, spots, or bruises, the roughness or scabbiness of the skin, as also the , or lousy evil. The distilled water of the herb, when in flower, is drank to help in any of the diseases be- forenamed, either inwardly, or outwardly for scabs, itch, or such like infirmities, and it cleanses the face from spots, freckles, and other deformities. MUSTARD (HEDGE.)—(Sisymbrium Oficinale.) 3 This grows up with one blackish n easy to bend, but ere ranched into 0 an sometimes with divers stalks, set full of branches, whereon grow long, rough, or hard rugged leaves, much torn on the edges in many A some large, and some small, of a dirty green colour. The flowers are small and yellow, that grow on the tops of the branches in long spikes, flowering by de- grees; so that continuing long in flower, the stalk will have small round cods at the bottom growing upright and close to the stalk, while the ton flowers yet « va teed ves, in 248 obLE EROS COMPLETE HERBAL which are contained small yellow seed, sharp and strong, as the herb is also. The root grows down slender and woody, yet abiding and springing again every year. Place. It grows by way and hedge- sides, and sometimes in open fields. It is common in the Isle of Ely. ime.— It flowers most usually about July. Government and Pirtues.— Mars owns this herb also. It is good in diseases of the chest and lungs, and hoarseness; by the use of the decoction lost voice has been recovered, The juice made into a syrup with honey and sugar, is ef- fectual for the same purpose, and for coughs, wheezing, and shortness of breath. The same is profitable for the jaundice, pleurisy, pe in the back and loins, and colic, if used in clysters. e seed is a remedy against poison and venom, and worms in children. It is for the sciatica, and in joint-aches, ulcers and cankers in the mouth, throat, or behind the ears, and for hardness and swelling of the testicles, or of womens’ breasts, MUSTARD (WHITE.)—(Sinapis Alba.) Descrip.—This does not grow tall, but is branched ; its branches bear leaves, which are rough, hairy, aud divided. The flowers are larger than other mustards, of a deep yel- low colour, the seed-vessels stand from the stalks, hairy, ending in a long, empty point, containing four or five white seed, larger than the common, which make the seed- vessel appear knotted : they are not quite so hot as the other. Place,—It grows wild in several places, but is scarce. Time.—It flowers about July. Government and Virtues.—It is like Black Mustard in its virtues, which are considerable. The young shoots are eaten with other salads, and this way it is very whole- some. The ep ee svt ane 1 in en or ale, is 5 service against the scurvy and dropsy, provoking urine an the seth Mustard . is very drawing and ripening: and laid on paralytie members it recalls the nae amt Poultices sag with e oye tas ole, of bread, and vinegar, are uently applied to the soles of the feet in Fa and nay We used to advantage in old rheumatic and sciatic pains. In short, whenever astro stimulating medicine is wanted to act upon the nerves, an not excite heat, there is none preferable to Mustard-seed. — — ö GULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL 247 MYRRH ENGLISH) ( Cicufaria Odorata.) Descrip.—The leaves of English M are large and winged, with several pie Lapa on side; of a pleasant aromatic smell; the stalks are somewhat hairy and chan- nelled, beset with the like leaves, but smaller, bearing on their tops umbels of white five-leaved flowers, which are succeeded by pretty large long seed, deeply furrowed, and having five sharp ridges. The root is thick and spreading, with many fibre. Place.—It is sown in ens. Time.—It flowers in May and June, The leaves and seed are used. Government and Virtues.—This plant is of a hot nature, it is of fine aromatic parts, and under Jupiter. A large spoonful of the unbruised seeds taken every morning, is excellent against rheumatic complaints and fallingsickness. They operate by urine, and promote the menstrual dis- charge; and while they are producing these good effects, they strengthen the stomach, expel wind and create appe- tite. Eaten as a salad, it is an excellent antiscorbutic. MYRTLE TREE.—(Myrtus Communis.) Descrip.—This is a little tree or bush, shooting forth many slender N branches, sometimes brown and some- times of a reddish colour, on which grow small, oblong, sharp-pointed, green leaves, set alternately on the stalks, of a t aromatic smell, among these come forth the flowers, each singly on short footstalks, consisting of five white round leaves, full of a great many white stamina, which being fallen, the calyx becomes a small, round, black , with a small crown on the top, full of white seeds, Place.—It grows wild in the south of Europe; but with us is an ornament of our gardens, Time.—It flowers in August. Government and Virtues.—-This tree is under Mercury. The leaves sometimes, but chiefly the berries are used. They are both of them drying and binding, good for diar- rheea and dysentery, spitting of blood, and catarrhous de- fluctions upon the breast, the fluor albus, the falling down of the womb or fundament, both taken inwardly, and used outwardly, in powders and injections. 248 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL NAILWORT, on WHITLOW GRASS.—(Draba Verna.) Descrip.—This has no roots, save a few strings, and grows only about a hand-breadth high; the leaves are small and long, among which rise up divers slender stalks, bear. ing white flowers one above another, which are small ; after which come small flat pouches containing the seed, which is very small, but of a sharp taste. Place. — It grows on old stone and brick walls, and in sheltered gravelly grounds, where there is or moss. Time.—It flowers early in January, and in February ; and perishes immediately afterwards. Government and Virtues.—It is good for imposthumes in the joints and under the nails, called whitlows, felons, andicons, and nailwheals. It is an excellent wound herb, and under Jupiter. Inwardly taken, it is a balsamic me- dicine, a remedy for the whites, and weaknesses occasion- ed by venereal disorders. It operates by urine, brings away gravel, and is good in disorders of the lungs. NAVELWORT.—(Cotyledon Umbiticus.) Descrip.—This plant has a thick knobbed root, with fibres at the bottom; from which spring several fat succu- lent leaves, the lowermost of which have their footstalks set on upon the side of the leaf, which is roundish and crenated alout the edges : but the upper leaves have the footstalk inserted in the middle, they are round and some- what hollow; the flowers on the tops of the branches in long spikes, of a whitish green colour, hollow, and of an oblong cylindrical shape; each of which is succeeded by two little horned vessels, which contain many small seeds. Place.—It grows upon old stone walls and buildings, in divers parts of England. Time.—It flowers in May. The leaves only are used. Government and Virtues.—Saturn owns this plant. It is cooling and moistening, useful in hot distempers of the liver; it provokes urine, and takes off the heat and sharp- neas thereof. The juice outwardly applied, helps the shin- gles, St. Anthony’s fire, the pain and inflammation of the 2 . itis like wise useful against kibes and chilblains. t is an ingredient of the Unguentum Populeon NAVEW.—( Brassica Campesiris. p. The first leaves are moderately broaa and long, of a pale green. The stalks grow two or three feet high, set CULPEPER’8 COMPLETE HERBAL 249 with smaller leaves, smooth as well as the stalk, a little torn, especially those which grow high upon the branches, which are round and broad at the bottom, and encompass the stalk, ending in a narrow point, of a bluish green co- lour. The flowers grow on the tops of the stalks, of four bright yellow leaves, succeeded by long cylindrical containing small round black ped tie root is white, long, and slender. Place.—It is sown in gardens. | Time.—lIt flowers in April. The seed is used in medicine. Government and Virtues.—This is a plant of Venus. The seed is good against all kinds of poison, and the bites of venomous creatures, to provoke urine, and the terms. It is extolled against all kinds of infectious distempers, aad to the malignity, and drive out the small-pox and os oath ingredient in the Theriaca A i 4 NEP.—(Nepeta Catarid.) * tieats sinc * h hard, f Iks, with v. It shoots fort oot- square sta t a hoariness on them, about a yard high, full of branch bearing at 1 two broad leaves, soft, white, an hoary, nicked about the edges, and of a strong sweet scent. The flowers grow in long tufts at the of the branches, and underneath them like wise on thestalks many together of a purplish white colour. The roots are composed o many long strings or fibres, fastened firmly in the ground, snd abide with green leaves thereon all the winter. Place.—It is only nursed up in our 33 Time.—It flowers in July, or thereabouts. Government and Pirtues.—It is an herb of Venus, and is generally used to procure womens’ courses, taken out- wardly or inwardly, either alone, or with other convenient herbs in a decoction to bathe them, or sit over the hot fumes ; and by frequent use it takes away barrenness, the wind and pains of the mother. It is used in pains of the head coming of any cold cause, catarrhs, ene and swimming and giddiness; and is of use for wind in the stomach and belly. It is effectual for cramp or cold aches, and is used for colds, coughs, and shortness of breath, The uice drunk in wine, is profitable for bruises by accidents, ue green herb bruised and applied, eases the piles; the juice made up into an ointment, is effectual for the same The head washed with the decoction, takes away and will do the same for other parts of the body 1* 250 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL NETTLE (COMMON.)—( Urtica Dioica.) Desorip.— The root is creeping, the stalk is ridged, and rows a yard or more high, beset with little prickles or ’ stings, with a perforation at the point, and a bag at the base ; when the sting is pressed, it readily enters the skin, and the same pressure forces an acrid hquor from the bag into the wound, which produces a burning tingling sensa- tion. The leaves are large, broad, oblong, pointed, serrated, and covered with the same prickles, The flowers are greenish and inconsiderable. Place.—It is common by way-sides, and in hedges. Time.—It flowers in July. Government and Virtues.—This is an herb of Mars. It consumes the phlegmatic superfluities in the body of man, that the coldness and moisture of winter has left behind. The roots or leaves boiled, or the juice of either of them, or both, made into an electuary with honey and sugar, is a safe and sure medicine to open the of the lungs, which is the cause of wheezing and shortness of breath, and helps to expectorate phlegm, also to raise the impos- thumed pleurisy ; it likewise helps the swelling of both the mouth and throat if they be led with it. The juice is effectual to settle the palate of the mouth to its place, and heal the inflammations and soreness of the mouth and throat. If the decoction of the leaves be drunk in wine, it will provoke the courses, settle the suffocation and strang- ling of the mother, and all other diseases thereof ; as also, applied outwardly, with a little myrrh. The same, or the seed, provokes urine, and expels the gravel and stone, It kills the worms in children, eases pains in the sides, and dissolves the windiness in the spleen, as also the body. The uice of the leaves taken two or three days together, stays leeding at the mouth. The seed being drunk, is a reme- dy against the bites of mad dogs, the poisonous qualities of hemlock, henbane, nightshade, mandrake, or such herbs as stupify the senses ; as also the lethargy, especially if used outwardly, to rub the forehead or temples in that disease. The distilled water is effectual, though not so powerfu,, for the diseases aforementioned ; as for outward wounds or sores to wash them, and to cleanse the skin from e and other discolourings thereof. The seed or leaves bruis- ed, and put into the nostrils, stays the bleeding of them, and takes away the polypus. The iuice of the leaves, or \ CULPEPER’s COMPLETE HERBAL 251 the decoction of the root, is good to wash either old, rot- ten, or stinking sores or fistulas, and renes, and such as fretting, eating, or corroding scabs, manginess, and itch, in any part of the body; as also green wounds, by washing them there with, or applying the green herb bruis- ed thereto. It eases the pains, at dries or dissolves the defluctions. An ointment made of the juice, oil, and a lit- tle wax, is to rub cold and benumbed members. One handful of the leaves of green nettles, and another of Wall- wort, or Deanwort, bruised and applied simply themselves to the gout, sciatica, or joint aches in any part, hath been found an admirable help thereunto. NIGHTSHADE (COMMON.)—(Solanum.) — several green leaves, somewhat broad and pointed at e pointed leaves each, feng oe a stalk together, one above in the middle, composed of flower and fruit are past, and has many small fibres in it. The whole plant is of a waterish, insipid taste, but the juice of — is somewhat viscous, and of a cooling and binding quality. There are two varieties of this, which are found growing in England; the most common is an up- n oval acute pointed smooth leaves, and i Kues Nigrum ) the other is a low branch; t, with indented leaves, and greenish yellow berries Nigrum baccis viridis.) Place.—It grows wild under our walls, and in rubbish, the common paths, and sides of hedges and fields; also in where it mes a very troublesome weed. Time.—lt dies every year, and‘rises again in the latter end of April; and its berries are ripe in October. Government and Virtues.—It is u cool Saturnine plant. It is used to cool hot inflammations, either inw or outwardly, being in no way dangerous, as most of the Nightshades are ; yet it must be used moderately. The distilled water of the whole herb is safest to be taken in- i + 252 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. wardly ; the juice also clarified and taken, being mingled with a little vinegar, is good for an inflamed mouth and throat ; but outwardly, the juice of the herb or berries, with oil of roses, and a little vinegar and ceruse beat toge- ther in a lead mortar, is good to anoint all hot inflamma- tions in the eyes. It also does good for the shingles, ring- worms, and in all running, fretting, and corroding ul if applied thereto. A pessary dipped in the juice, an dropped into the matrix, stays the immoderate flow of the courses; a cloth wet therein, and applied to the testicles, upon any swelling therein, gives ease ; also to the gout, if it comes of hot and sharp humours. The juice dropped into the ears, eases pains that arise from heat or inflammation : it is good for hot swellings under the throat. Be sure you do not mistake the y Nightshade for this, NIGHTSHADE (DEADLY.)—(Atropa Belladonna.) CALLED also the Dwale. ; yp.—This is the largest of the Nightshades. It is five feet high, having several long spreading roots, that shoot many long angulated stalks of a deep n, beset with dull green leaves, shaped like common Nightshade, but larger. The flowers are set on among the leaves, grow- ing singly on long footstalks arising from the bosom of the leaves, and have a dismal aspect. "They are large, hollow, and hang down like bells. On the outside they are of a dusky colour, between brown and green, and within they are purple. They are succeeded by berries of the size of cherries, black and shining when ripe, and full of a pur- plish “Whoa ulp, of a sweetish and mawkish taste. Place.—It is seldom found wild, but often in gardens. Time.—It flowers in July. | ‘baths Government and Virtues.—Only a part of this plant has its uses. This Nightshade bears a very bad character as n, of a poisonous nature. It is not good at all for in- uses; but both leaves and root may with good success be applied outwardly, by way of poultice, to inflammatory swellings. An ointment made of the juice evaporated to the consistence of an extract, does wonders in old sharp ul- cers, even of a cancerous nature. The leaves applied to the breasts of women, will dissipate any hard swellings of those A poultice made of the roots boiled in milk, has en found serviceable in hard ill-conditioned tumours, and foul alcers. Sometimes even the outward application is z * — V ̃ ͤ ——x— —É B ̃ EU •⁰mm̃ mͤ —ͤ mꝛp - W ⁰ t mwæ! ᷑ CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 253 d as the N instance proves :—A lady, trou- with a small ulcer a little below one of her eyes, which was * * to be of a cancerous nature, applied a small piece of the leaf to it at night, and the next morning . was affected in so frightful a manner, that the pupil would not contract in the brightest light, while the other eye retained its usual powers. The leaf being re- moved, the eye was gradually restored to its original state, and this effect could not be accidental, for the experiment was repeated three different times, and the application was always attended with the same results. OAK TREE.—( Quercus Robur.) Descrip.—This tree grows to a vast height, spreading out into innumerable and irregular branches, The je are oblong, obtuse, deeply finulated, and of a dark green. The flowers are both barren and fertile on the same tree ; the former are collected into loose catkins ; the latter are seat- ed in the buds, and both sorts are small and inconsiderable. The seed is oval-formed, of a leather-like coat, which ap- as if rasped at the base, and is fixed to a short cup. Place.—It is too common to require a particular specifi- cation of the place of its growth. Time.—The flowers appear in April, and the acorns are ripe in October and November. Government and Virtues.—Jupiter owns the tree, The leaves and bark, and the acorn cups, bind and dry much. The inner bark and the thin skin that covers the acorn, are used to „ begs spitting of blood, and the flux. The de- coction of that urge e 1 5 the cups, stay od miting, spitting ing at the mouth, or other flux of b in man or woman; laxes also, and the invo- luntary flux of natural seed. The acorn in powder taken in wine, provokes urine, and resists the poison of venom- ous creatures. The decoction of acorns and bark made in milk, and taken, resista the force of poisonous herbs and medicines ; as also the virulence of cantharides, when the bladder becomesulcerated by Na and voids blood urine, The distilled water of the buds, before they — out into leaves, is good to be used either inwardly or out- wardly, to assuage inflammations, and to stop all manner of in man or woman. The same is singularly good in pestilential and hot burning fevers; for it resists the force of the infection, and allays heat; it cools the hea’ of the 254 OULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. liver, breaks the stone, and stays women’s courses. The de- coction of the leaves work the same effects. The water that is found in the hollow places of Oaks, is very effectual p aang any foul or spreading scubs. The distilled water of the leaves is one of the best remedies for the whites. OATS.—( Avena Sativa.) Descrip.—The root is fibrous, the stalk hollow, jointed & 4 8 high; the leaves are long, narrow, and of a pale green. he flowers are in a loose panicle, and terminate the stalk. Place.—It grows wild from seed, but is cultivated. Time.—It is reaped early in harvest. Government and Virtues.—Oats fried with bay salt, and applied to the sides, take away the pains of stitches and wind in the sides of the belly. A poultice made of the meal of oats, and some oil of bays added, helps the itch and leprosy ; as also the fistulas of the fundament, and dis- solves hard imposthumes, The meal of oats boiled with vinegar and applied, takes away freckles and spots in the face, and other parts of the body. ONION.—( Allium Cepa.) Tus plant is so common and well known that it needs no description. Place.—It is not a native of this country, but is largely cultivated in our gardens, for esculent purposes, Time.—The flowers appear early in Summer. | Government and Virtwes—Mars owns them. They are flatulent, or windy, and provoke appetite, increase thirst, ease the bowels, provoke the courses, help the bites of mad dogs, and of other venomous creatures, used with hone and rue; increase pyres especially the seed: they kill worms in children, if they drink the water fasting wherein they have been steeped all night. Being roasted under the embers, and eaten with honey, or sugar and oil, they much conduce to help an inveterate cough, and expectorate tough phlegm. The juice being snuffed up the nostrils, purges the head, and helps the emer yet often eaten is said to procure pains in the head. e juice is good for either scalds or burns. Used with vinegar it takes away all blem- ishes, spots, and marks in the skin; and dropped into the ears, eases the pains and noise in them. Applied also with figs beaten together, helps to ripenand break imposthumes, and other sores. Leeks (Allium Porrum) are like them in ¥ ol é: Pe ie mein ae ee. CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 255 uality; theyare a remedy against a surfeit of mushrooms, if baked under the 33 an ee ; 14 being ap and ied warm, help the piles. Though leeks possess the qua- lity of onions, Saas — 7 powe A syrup made of the juice of onions and honey, isan excellent medicine in asthma- tical complaints. Onions are good for cold watery humours, but injurious to us of bilious habit, affecting the head, deer and stomach. When plentifully eaten, they procure p, help digestion, cure acid belchings, remove obstruc- tions of the viscera, increase the urinary secretions, and promote insensible perspiration. Steeped all night in spring water, and the infusion given to children to drink in the moruing fasting, kills worms. Onion bruised, with the addition of a little salt, and laid on fresh burns, draws out the ee them blistering. The use is fittest for weather, and for phlegmatic people, whose lungs are atuffed, and breathing short. ORACH.—(Atripler Patula. Descrip.—Under the article Arrach, Atriplex, is describ- ed a species of this herb. It grows to four feet high ; the stalks are whitish, the leaves of a faint green, and the flow- ers of a greenish white. The seeds are olive-coloured. Place,—It grows wild on waste land, but the seeds of the manured kind are the best for use. Time.—lt flowers in July; the seed is ripe soon after. Government and Virtues.—It. is under Venus, It may be eaten soon after as salad ; but the virtues lie in the seed. These are to be gathered when just ripe; for, if suffered to stand longer, they lose part of their virtue. A pound of these bruised, and put into three quarts of spirit, of moderate strength, after standing six weeks, afford a light and not unpleasant tincture ; a tablespoonful of which, ta- ken in a cup of water-gruel, has the same effect as a dose of ipecacuanha, only that its operation is milder, and does not bind the bowels afterwards. The patient should go to bed after taking the dose, and a gentle sweat will follow, car- _ tying off whatever offending matter the motions have dis- lodged ; and thus preventing long disease. It cures head- aches, wandering pains, and the first attacks of rheuma- tism. As some stomachs are harder to move than others, if the first dose does not perform ite office, a second table- spoonful may be taken without fear. 256 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. ORCHIS,—(Satyrium.) CaLLID also -stones, Goat-stones, Fool-stones, Fox- stones, Satirion, Cullians, &c., &c. Descrip.—To describe all the several sorts of it would be an endless piece of work. The roots are the only parts used, and a description of them will be sufficient. The roots of each sort are double within, some of them round, in others like a hand ; these roots alter every year by course, when one rises and waxes full, the other waxes lank and perish- es: now, that which is full is to be used in medicines, the other being either of no use at all, or else it destroys the virtue of the other, quite undoing what the other does Place. It grows in meadows. Time.—One or other may be found in flower from the beginning of April to the latter end of August. Government and Virtues.—They are hot and moist in operation, under the dominion of Venus, and provoke lu which the dried and withered roots do restrain. They ki worms in children; if bruised and applied to the place they heal the king’s-evil. There is another sort, called the Fe- male Orchis. It is a less plant than the former, having no spots on the leaves; the spike of the flowers is less, of a Sak gow colour ; it grows in the same places, rather later. e root has the same virtues and shape. They all pro- voke venery, strengthen the genital parts, and help concep- tion. Applied outwardly in the form of a cataplasm, they dissolve tumours and swellings. Salep is a prepara- tion of the roots, of which there are many species, accord- ing to the soil they grow in. It is one of the most valuable plants growing. The best way to use it is, to wash the new root in water; separate it from the brown skin which co- vers it, by dipping it in hot water, and rubbing it with a coarse linen cloth. When a sufficient number of roots have been thus cleaned, they are to be spread on a tin plate, and placed in an oven heated to the usual d where por’ are to remain five or six minutes, in which time they wi have lost their milky whiteness, and acquired a transpa-. rency like horn without any diminution in bulk. When arrived at this state, they are to be removed in order to be dried and hardened in the air, which will require several days to effect ; or by nn heat, they may be fin- ished in a few hours. is Salep contains the greatest quantity of nourishment in the smallest bulk, and will sup- mimmmm mmm CULPEPER S COMPLETE HERBAL. 257 the system in privation and during famine, it is good rt those who travel long distances and are compelled to endure exposure without food. ORPINE.—(Sedum Telephiwm.) Descrip.—Common Orpine grows with divers round brit- tle stalks, thick set with flat and flesh leaves, without or- der, and a little dented about the edges, of a green colour. The flowers are whitish, growing in tufts, after which come small chaffy husks, with seed like dust in them. The roots are thick, round, white tuberous clogs; and the plant grows less in some places than in others where it is found. Place.—It grows wild in shadowy fields and woods in almost every mare 6 and is cultivated in gardens, where it rises than the wild. Time. —It flowers about July, the seed ripens in ase Government and Virtues.—The Moon owns this herb. It is seldom used in inward medicines. The distilled water is eee for gnawings or excoriations in the stomach and wels, or for ulcers in the lungs, liver, or other inward wales and in the matrix, it helps all those diseases, if for some days ther. It stays the bloody flux, and other fluxes in the body or in wounds. The root acts with the like effect. Outwardly it cools any inflammation upon any hurt or wound, and eases the pain ; it also cures burns or scalds, if the juice be beaten with some green „ in the legs or them quickly, — if bound to the throat, helps the quinsey; it helps also ruptures. It is of a styptic astringent nature, and the roots contain the principal virtues. Braised and applied exter- nally they are serviceable in wounds, burns, and bruises, The leaves boiled in milk, and the decoction, and a large teacupful taken taken three or four times v, promotes the urinary discharge, and is serviceable for piles and othe: hemorrhages. PARSLEY (COMMON.)—( Petroselinum Sativum. ) oe te roots are long, thick, and white, having a wrin bark; from which spring many shining, green, winyed leaves, growing on long footstalks; which are divi- ded into three sections, and each of those subdivided into three more, which are triangular and cut in at the ends. The stalks grow to be two feet high, much branched and + 258 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL divided : they are smooth and striated, beset with smaller and finer leaves; and on their tops have small umbels of little, five-leaved, white flowers, which are succeeded by small, round, striated, brown seed. Place.—It is sown in gardens, : Time.—It flowers in summer. The roots, leaves, and seeds are used. Government and Virtues.—It is under the dominion of Mercury; is very comforting to the stomach; helps to pro- voke urine and the courses, to break wind, both in the sto- mach and bowels, and opens the body, but the root much more. It opens obstructions both of liver and spleen, it is good against falling-sickness, and to provoke urine, especi- ally if the roots be boiled, and eaten like parsnips. The seed provokes urine, and women’s courses, expels win breaks the stone, and eases the pains thereof; it is effect in the lethargy, aud good against coughs, The distilled wa- ter is a familiar medicine with nurses to give children when troubled with wind in the stomach or belly, and it is also of service to upgrown persons, The leaves laid to the eyes inflamed with heat, or swollen, helps them, if used with bread or meal, or fried with butter, and applied to womens’ breasts that are hard through the curding of their milk, it abates the hardness, and takes away black and blue marks coming of bruises or falls. The juice dropped into the ears with a little wine, eases the pains. It helps the jaun- dice, falling-sickness, the dropsy, and stone in the kidneys in this manner: Take of Parsley seed, fennel, annise, and carraways, of each one ounce, of the roots of Parsley, bur- net, saxifrage, and carraways, of each an ounce and a half; let the seeds be bruised, and the roots wished and cut small, let them lie all night and steep in a bottle of white wine; and in the morning be boiled in a close earthen vessel to a third of the quantity ; of which being strained and cleared, take four ounces night and morning fasting. This opens obstructions of the liver and spleer, and expels the dropsy and jaundice by urine, PARSLEY PIERT, ox PARSLEY BREAKSTONE.— (Alchemil/a Arvensis, ) Descrip.—The root is very small and thready, yet it con- tinues many years, from whence arise many leaves lyi along the ground, each standing upon a long small foot- stalk, the leaves are as broad as a man’s nail, ver deeply dented on the edges, of a dusky green colour e stalke 0 5 ö CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 259 are weak and slender, three or four fingers in pr ee. set so full of leaves that they can hardly be seen, either having no footstalk at all, or but a very short one, the flow- ers are so small that they can hardly be seen, and the seed is very small also. . in 1 2 a. =e , ws plentifully about Hampstead-Heath, Hyde Par 2. in Tothill-fields. Time. —It may be found all the summer- time, even from the beginning of April, to the end of October. Government and Pirtues.—In its operation it provokes urine, and breaks the stone. It is a good salad herb. The whole plant is to be used, and is best when gathered fresh, A strong infusion is good against the gravel, for it operates by urine, and cleanses the kidneys and urinary passages all concretions. It is good in jaundice, and other complaints ang, Vem obstructions of the liver or any other viscera. is herb may be dried, or a syrup made of it for use. If a dram of the powder be taken in white wine it will bring away gravel from the kidneys, without muuch pain. It helps the strangury. PARSLEY (ROCK) -( Peucedanum Ofjcinale.) Cautep also Hog’s Fennel. ip.—This has a long striated stalk, with small gras- sy leaves, of a 3 green, and they are in a very elegant manner divided into narrow and pointed segments. It . about a foot high, upright, and much branched. The wers stand at the tops of the branches, so that the plant appears to be covered with them ; they are small and yel- low. The seed is brown, and the root long and slender, 8 pag ee several apne It is uent upon the hills and exposed parts of the north of England, and St. Vincent’s rock at Bristol. Time.—It flowers in August. Virtues.— The teeds are the only parts used in medicine, They are mild and gentle in their operation, and are there- fore Ter in powder, This powder increases the secretion by the kidneys, promotes the menstrual discharge, and is age in the colic and gravel. It is likewise recommended the dropsy and jaundice, 260 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. PARSLEY (COMMON STONE) —(Sison Amomum ;) PARSLEY (SMALL STONE)—(Caucalis Arvensis ) & PARSLEY (SMOOTH STONE.)—(Caucalis Lep- tophylla. ) Descrip.—These plants have the flower umbelliferous, on afew branches, with numerous subdivisions; there are some narrow leaves, both at the base of the larger branches and of the smaller. The yp Hoe white 3 but the other two are pale purple; the leaves are of a green, and deeply notched; he three plants grow to hat a foot long, and the seeds are oblong, rough, small, and brown. e w near Aylesbury and Kingston. Time.—They flower in June, the seed is ripe soon after. Government and Pirtues.—All the Parsleys are under Mars. The seeds contain an essential oil, and will cure in- termitting fevers or agues. A strong decoction of the roots is a pees diuretic, and assists in removing obstructions f the viscera. They are good against the jaundice and gravel, and moderately promote the menses. PARSNIP (COW.)—(Heraclewm Sphondylium,) Descrip.—This grows with three or four large, spread- winged, rough leaves, lying often on the ground, or raised a little from it, with long, round, hairy footstalks under them, parted usually into five divisions, the two couples standing each against the other; and one at the end, and each leaf being almost round, yet somewhat deeply cut in on the edges in some leaves, and not so deep in others, of a whitish green colour, smelling somewhat strongly ; among which rises up a round, crested, hairy stalk, two or three feet hig with a few joints and leaves thereon, and branch- ed at the top, where stand large umbels of white, and, some- times reddish flowers ; and after them flat, whitish, thin, winged seed, two always joined together. The root is long and white, with two or three long strings growing into the ground, smelling likewise strongly and unpleasant, Place.—It grows in moist meadows, and the borders and corners of fields, and near ditches, throughout this land. Time.—It flowers in July, and seeds in August. Government and Virtues.—Mercury has dominion over it, The seed is of a sharp cutting quality, and is a fit medicine fora cough and shortness of breath, the falling-sickness and jaundice. The root is available for all the aforesaid, and is of use to take away the hard skin that CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERLAL 261 on a fistula, if it be but scraped upon it. The seed 8 cleanses the belly from tough phlegmatic mat- ter, eases those who have overgrown liver, as well if drank as by receiving the fumes underneath, and likewise raises such as arb fallen into a deep sleep, or have the lethargy, by ing it under their nose. The seed and root boiled in oil, and the head rubbed therewith, helps not only those that are fallen into a frenzy, but also the lethargy or _ drowsy evil, and those that have been long troubled with the head if it be likewise used with rue. It helps also the ing scab and the shingles. The juice of the flow- ers into the ears that run and are full of matter, cleanses and heals them. | PARSNIP (UPRIGHT WATER.)—(Sium Angustifolium.) Descrip.—This water plant has large, deep, green leaves consisting of several longish pinns, broad at the bottom, narrow, and sharp-pointed at the end, much cut in about the edges. The stalks are tall, hollow, and channelled, hav- ing several small leaves growing on them; and on the tops umbels of white flowers, succeeded by small striated The root is large, having several long stringy fibres, Place.—It grows in rivers and large waters. Time.—It flowers in May and June. The leaves are used. There are other varieties of growth, as that distinguish- ed by the name Creeping Water Parsnip, Sium Nodiflorum, with white flowers, which grows also in watery places, an flowers in June; and the Great Water Parsnip, Sium La- tifolium, common about ditches, with white flowers, blow- in July. Of these latter, the seeds only are used. irtues.—They are accounted opening and attenuatin useful for obstructionsof the liver and spleen and the womb; help the stone and strangury, and scorbutic affections; out- wardly applied, they are commended against cancerous tu- mours in the breasts, Reduced to powder and taken in doses of about a scruple, it stops purging, and is good in all kinds of 1 but particularly in excessive men- strual discharges, and spitting of blood. Taken in ae doses, it cures intermitting fevers and agues. A strong de- coction od oo for sore mouths, The leaves infused in the manner of tea allays the heat in burning fevers, The roots boiled in vinegar, and applied in the form of a peal, 1 or inflammations in any part of the body; and applied to old putrid sores, cleanses and disposes them for tialing. The juice is good to bath inflamed and sore 282 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL eyes with, and drank to the amount of four ounces a day for several days together, is a certain cure for the jaundice. lt is of service in the whites and other female disorders. PEACH-TREE.—(Amygdalus Persica.) Descrip.—The Peach-tree spreads branches reasonably well, from which spring small reddish twigs, whereon are zet long and narrow green leaves dented about the edges. The blossoms are large, of a light purple colour ; the fruit is russet, red or yellow, waterish or ‘farm, with a frieze or cotton all over, with a cleft therein like an apricot, and a large rough stone, with a bitter kernel therein. lace.—It is a native of the East, but flourishes with us, and in warm seasons its fruit ripens without artificial heat. Time.—It flowers in Spring, and fructifies in Autumn. Government and Virtues.—Venus owns this tree. For children and young people, nothing is better to purge cho- ler and the jaundice, than the leaves or flowers of this tree, being made into a syrup or conserve ; the fruit provokes lust. The leaves bruised bi laid on the belly, kill worms ; and boiled in ale and drank, they mc the belly ; and if dried it is a safe medicine to discuss humours. The powder, if strewed upon fresh wounds stays their bleeding, and closes them up. The flowers steeped all night in a little warm wine, strained in the morning, and drank fasting, gently 22 the belly, and purges. A syrup made as the syru of roses is made, works foreibly to provoke vomiting, an nds waterish and dropsical humours by the continuance. he flowers made into a conserve, work the same effect. The liquor that drops from the wounded tree, is given with a decoction of colt's foot, to those who are troubled with a cough or shortness of breath, by adding thereto some sweet wine and saffron. It is good for hoarseness, loss of voice, and helps defects of the lungs, vomiting and spitting of blood. Two drams given in the juice of lemons or radish, is good for the stone. The kernels of the stones ease the pains of the belly, through wind or humours, and help to make an excellen, medicine for the stone. The milk or cream of the kernels if drawn forth with some vervain wa- ter, and applied to the forehead and temples, helps to pro- cure rest and sleep to sick persons. The oil drawn from the kernels, the temples being therewith anointed, does the ame. This oil put into clysters, eases the pains of the wind lie and anointing the lower part of the belly does the ee E CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 268 like. Anvinting the forehead and temples with it, helps the megrim, and all other parts of the head. If the kernels be bruised and boiled in vinegar, until they become thick, and applied to the head, it marvellously makes the hair to grow again upon bald places, or where it is too thin. PEAR-TREE.—(Pyrus Sativa.) Pzar-TREEsareso well known that they need no description. Government and Virtues.—This tree is under Venus. For their medicinal use, they are best discerned by their taste. All the sweet and luscious sorts, whether cultivated or wild, help to move the belly downwards, more or less, Those that are hard and sour, do, on the contrary, bind the belly as much, and the leaves do so also: those that are moist in some sort cool, but harsh and wild sorts much more, and are very good in repelling medicines ; and if the wild sorts be boiled with mushrooms, it makes them less dangerous. If boiled with a little honey, they help much the oppressed stomach, as all sorta of them do, some more, some less; but the harsher sorts do more cool and bind, serving well to be bound to green wounds, to cool and stay the blood, and to heal up the wound without further trouble, or inflammation, Wild Pears sooner close the lips of green woundsthan others, PELLITORY OF SPAIN.—({Anthemis Pyrethrum.) Tene are two sorts, one is cultivated, the other is wild. J on Pellitory is a very common plant, but it needs great care and attention in our gardens. The root down right into the 2 bearing leaves, is long and cut upon the stalk, lying on the soil. At the top it bas but one large flower at a place, with a border of many leaves, white on the upper side, and reddish underneath, with a yellow thrum in the middle. The other Common Pellitory which grows here, hasa root of a cers biting taste, scarcely discernible by the taste from that before described, from whence arise divers brittle stalks, about a yard high, with narrow leaves, finely dent- ed about the edges, standing one above another to the tops, The flowers are many and white, standing in tufts, with a small yellowish thrum in the middle. The seed is small. Place.—The last grows in fields by hedge-sides and paths, almost every where. Time.—It flowers at the latter end of June and July. Government and Virtues,—It is under Mercury, and ie 264 CULPEPER 8S COMPLETE HERBAL. one of the best purgers of the brain that grows. An ounce of the juice taken in muscadel an hour before the fit of the ague comes, will effectually drive away the ague at the se- cond or third dose at the furthest. Either the herb or dried root chewed in the mouth, purges the brain of phlegmatic humours; thereby not only eases pains in the bedi and teeth, but also hinders the distillation of the brain upon the lungs and eyes, preventing coughs, phthisics and consumption, the apoplexy and falling-sickness. It is an excellent reme- dy in the lethargy. he powder of the herb or root if snuffed up the nostrils, produces sneezing, and eases head- ache ; made into an ointment with hogs’ it takes away black and blue spots, and helps both the gout and sciatica. The roots have a hot pungent taste when chewed in the mouth, which, by stimulating the salival glands, promotes a flow of viscid humours from the head and the adjacent parts, and by this means relieves the tooth-ache, head-ache, lethargy, palsy of the tongue, &c. Internally it is taken in small doses, for paralysis and rheumatism. PELLITORY OF THE WALL.—(Parietaria Oficinalis.) Desorip.— It rises with brownish, red, tender, weak, clear, and almost transparent about two feet high, upon which grow at the joints two leaves somewhat broad and long, of a dark green colour, which afterwards turn brown- ish, smooth on the edges, but ey, and hairy, as the stalks are also. At the joints with the leaves from the middle of the stalk upwards, where it spreads into branches, stand many small, pale, poten flowers in hairy, rough heads, or husks, after which come small, black, rough seed, which will stick to any cloth or garment that it touches. The root is long, with small fibres, of a dark reddish colour, which abides all winter, although the stalks and leaves perish and spring every year. Place.—It grows wild about the borders of fields, by the sides of walls, and among rubbish. It can be brought up in ens, if planted on the shady side. ime.—It flowers in June and July; and the seed is ripe soon after. | Government and Virtues.—It is under Mercury. The dried herb made up into an electuary with honey, or the juice of the herb, or the decoction made up with honey and sugar, is a singular remedy for an old and dry cough, the shortness of breath and wheezing in the throat, Three OULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 266 ounces of the juice taken at a time, wonderfully helps stop- ping of the urine, and expels the stone or gravel in the kid- neys or bladder, and is put among other herbs used in clys- ters to mitigate pains in the back, sides, or bowels, pro- ceeding from wind. Ifthe bruised herb, sprinkled with some muscadel, be warmed upon a few quick coals in a cha- fing-dish, and applied to the belly, it works the same effect. The decoction, if drunk, eases pains of the mother, brings down the courses, and griefs from obstructions of the liver, 22 &. The juice 1 into the ears, eases the noise them, and takes away the prickling and shooting pains therein; the same, or the distilled water, assu hot and n burns and scalds, and all hot tumours and in ions, and breakings out of heat, if often bath- ed with it ; the juice made into a liniment with ceruse, and oil of 10ses, anointed therewith, cleanses foul rotten stays spreading ulcers, and running scabs or sores in childress? heads ; and helps to stay the hair from falling and applied with a little salt, It is effectual to heal green if bruised and bound thereto three days. A poul- made with mallows, and boiled in wine and wheat bran and bean-flour, and some oil put thereto, and applied warm PENNY-ROYAL.—( Mentha Pulegiwm.) Desorip.—It has many creeping fibrous roots, from which g many smooth roundish stalks, slender, leaning to the „sending out small fibres, by which it roots itself in ground. It bears two small, round, pointed leaves, at a ; the flowers grow towards the upper part of the ea, coming forth just above the leaves in thick close 266 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. whorles ; they are of a pale purple colour, small and galat- ed, set in small downy calices, in which are small seeds. The whole plant has a strong smell, and a hot aromatic taste, Place.—It grows on moist commons and dried pools. It is cultivated in gardens, where it grows tall and large. There is a greater kind than that found wild with us, but it differs from it only in the largeness of the leaves and stalks, in rising higher, and not creeping on the ground so much, The flowers are purple, growing in rundles about the stalks like the others. It is found wild by the high- ways from London to Colchester, and in other counties, and is planted in gardens in Essex. 1 lace.—They flower about August. Government and Pirtuss.— This herb is under Venus. It makes thin, tough phlegm, warms any to which it is applied, and digests corrupt matter; if boiled and drank, it provokes womens’ courses, and expels the dead child and afterbirth, and stays the disposition to vomit, if taken in water and vinegar mingled together. Being mingled with honey and salt, it voids phlegm out of the lungs, and purg- es by stool. Drank with wine, it is good for venomous bites, and applied to the nostrils with vinegar, revives those who faint and swoon. Dried and burnt, it strengthens the gums, 1 the gout, if geen of itself to the place until it is red; and applied in a ter, it takes away spots or marks on the face; applied with salt, it profits those who are splen- etic, or liver-grown. The decoction helps the itch, if wash- ed therewith : it helps the swellings and hardness of the mother, if the patient bathe by sitting therein. The green herb bruised and put into vinegar, cleanses foul ulcers, and takes away the marks of bruises and blows about the eyes, and burns in the face, and the leprosy, if drank, and appli- ed outwardly ; boiled in wine with honey and salt, it hel the tooth-ache, It helps the cold griefs of the joints, tak- ing away the pains, and warming the cold part, being safe bound to the place, after a bathing or sweating in a hot- house. Penny-R yal and mints together, help those who swoon and faint, if smelled at, or put into the mouth. It eases head-ache, pains of the breast and belly, and gnawing of the stomach: applied with honey, salt, and vinegar, it n cramps or convulsions of the sinews ; boiled in milk, and drank, it is effectual for coughs, and for ulcers and sores in the mouth ; the decoction if drank, rte the jaundice and dropsy, and clears the eye-sight. It helps the lethargy, . CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 267 and put into the ears, eases the pains of them. It is of sub- tle, warm, and penetrating parts; it is also opening, discus- sive, and carminative ; it promotes the menses, and loche, and prevents the fluor albus. In asthmatic disorders it must be sweetened with honey. One spoonful of the juice sweet- ened with sugar-candy, is a cure for the hooping-cough. PENNYWORT (COMMON MARSH.)—( Hydrocotyle Vulgaris.) Descrip.—The root is round, tuberous, and furnished with fibres at the bottom. The leaves rise in thick and regular clusters, and are supported on footstalks of, three inches long, and these are in the centre, the leaf spreading every way into roundness from them. These leaves are of a blu- ish green, prettily notched round the edges, of a watery taste. The stalk is eight inches, and is round and firm; to- ward the top it divides into two or three branches, and on these hang numerous flowers in long spikes, small, greenish, and dented at the rim. The seeds are numerous and small. Place.—It frequently grows upon walls in Somersetshire. Time,—lIt flowers in July. Government and Virtues.—It is under Venus, and is good to break the stone and void it; also the gravel in the reins or bladder. It helps suppression of urine and the strangury. PEONY (MALE.)—(Peonia.) Descrip.—It rises up with a brownish stalk, whereon green and reddish leaves, without any particular fivision in the leaf. The flowers stand at the top of the stalks, consisting of five or six broad leaves, of a purplish red colour, with many yellow threads in the middle, stand- ing about the head, which rises up to be the seed-vessels, divided into two, three, or four crooked pods like horns, which, being full ripe, open and turn themselves down back- ward, shewing within them divers round, black, shinin having also many crimson grains intermixed wit black. The roots are great, thick, and long, spreading and running down deep in the ground. Place.—It grows in gardens, Time.—It flowers usually about May. Government and Virtwes.—It is au herb of the Sun, and under the Lion. The roots are held to be of more virtue than the seed ; next the flowers; and last of all, the leaves. The root, fresh gathered, cures the falling-sickness ; take the root, “washed clean and stamped small, and infuse in sack 268 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. for twenty-four hours at the least, afterwards strain it, and take a draught morning and evening for days together, this will cure old persons as well as young ones if the disease be not of too long standing and past cure, especially if the body be prepared by taking a drink-posset made of betony, &c. The root is effectual for cleansing the womb after child. birth, and easing the mother. The seed beaten to powder, and given in wine, will answer the same purpose. The black 4 seed taken morning and evening, is effectual for night-mare. It is also good against melancholy dreams. The distilled water or syrup made of the flowers, works the same effects that the root and seed do, although more weakly. PEPPER.—( Piper.) Tere are three sorts, black, white, and long, which all w alike, and the last differs from the other two only in e fruit. : Place.—It is a native of J. 1 Sumatra, Malabar, &c. Government and Virtues.—All the peppers are under the dominion of Mars, and of temperature hot and dry, almost to the fourth degree; but the white is the hottest. It com- forts and warms a cold stomach, consumes crude and moist humours, and stirs up the appetite. It dissolves wind in the stomach or bowels, provokes urine, helps the cough, and other diseases of the breast, and is an ingredient in the great antidotes ; but the white pepper is more sharp and aromatical, and is more effectual in medicine, and so is the long, being used for agues, to warm the stomach before the coming of the fit. 1 are used against the quinsey, being mixed with honey and taken inwardly and applied outward- Pp, to disperse the kernels in the throat, and other places. PEPPER (GUINEA. ) - Capsicum Frutescens.) CALL ED also Cayenne Pepper and Bird Pepper. Descrip.— There are several kinds. It grows with an u See PE Gen ee ae ͤ right, firm, round stalk, witha certain pith within it, about two or three feet high, spreading into many branches on all sides, from the very bottom, which divide themselves again into other smaller branches, at each joint come two long leaves upon short footstalks, with several veins, not dented about the edges, and of a dark green colour: the flow- ers stand severally at the joints, consisting usually of five, and sometimes six, white, small-pointed leaves, standing pen like a star, with yellow threads in the middle, after ~~ CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 269 _ which come the fruit, either great or emer Soe or short, round or square, as the kind is, either standing upright or hanging down, as their flowers show themselves; the seeds are numerous, kidney-shaped, and a little compressed; the root annual and fibrous spreading plentifully in the ground, but perishing after it has ripened all its fruit. Place. —It is a native of India, but will bear our climate, and ripen its fruit if brought forward in a hot bed in spring, and lanted out in the open ground. Nime.—In India it flowers in August, and the seed-pods ripen in November, where it lives throughout the year, but in this country the N ripen in the hottest part of summer, and perish with the first frost if not N Government and Virtues.—All kinds of Guinea Pepper are under Mars, and are of a fiery, sharp, biting taste, and of a 3 hot and dry; they are so hot that they raise a of blister in the mouth and throat, or other part of the them _ if the hands touch the nose or eyes after handling them, in- fiour, with yeast, bake them into cakes, then beat the cakes to a fine powder, and sift; this powder is good te season meat, broth, soup, stew, &c. Put in the diet it drives away wind and helps flatulency, taken into a cold stomach with the meat, it gives great relief, causing phlegm to be voided ; it helps digestion, gives appetite, provokes urine ; if taken with saxi water it expels the stone in the kid- neys and the phlegm breeds it, and takes away dimness of the sight if used in meats. Taken with Pillula Aleop- hangina, it helps dropsy ; the powder, taken for three days together in the decoction of penny-royal expels the dead- irth, the powder, taken fasting, for three or four days, with a little fennel seed, will ease all the pains of the mother. If made up with a little powder of gentian and oil of bays, into a pessary, with some cotton wool, it will bring down the courses ; the same mixed with an electuary will help an in- veterate cough ; mixed with honey it helps quinsey, if ap- plied to the throat ; and made up with turpentine, and laid on hard knots or keruels in any part of the body, it will dis. solve them; applied with nit“ it takes away freckles, spota, 370 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. morphew, marks and discolourings of the skin: along with hen’s grease, it dissolves cold imposthumes and carbuncles; mixed with vinegar it dissolves the hardness of the skin: rubbed upon the back with Unguentum de Albastro, it will take away the ague : a plaster made with tobacco, will heal venomous stings and bites. The decoction of the husks is a good gargle for the tooth-ache, and preserves the teeth from rottenness ; the ashes rubbed on the teeth will clean them. The decoction helps watery ruptures, if gegn morn- ing and evening. If steeped in agua vita, it helps the : if the place be bathed with it; steeped in wine, and two spoonfuls drunk every morning, fasting, makes stinking breath sweet. Itis a stimulant in phlegmatic disorders, alytic complaints, and relaxations of the stomach, and is put into aloetic and nervous medicines for all female dis- orders. It is good for the e if put into bread poul · tice, and applied to the part which is affected. PEPPER (WATER) -( Polygonum Hydropiper.) Descrip.—tIt sends forth long broad leaves, finely dented on the edges, pointed at the Gen of a light bluish-green colour, standing upon round stalks, or four feet high, spreading many branches on all sides, having man small white flowers at the tops, after which come sm seeds in small heads. The root is slender, spreads much under ground, shooting up again in many places; and both leaves and roots are of a very hot and sharp taste. ; Place,—It grows naturally in erg parts of this country. Time.—It flowers in the end of June, and in July. Virtues.—It is good for sciatica, gout, or pains in the hina or any other inveterate disease, if the leaves are ruised and mixed with hog’s-grease, and applied to the place, and kept on four hours in men, and two hours in women, the place being afterwards bathed with wine and oil mixed together, and then wrapped up with wool or skins, after which they sweat a little. It amends the de- formities or discolourings of the skin, and helps to take away marks, scars, or scabs, produced by burns. PERIWINKLE GREAT.) ( Vinca Major.) Descrip.—It has many branches running on the e shooting out small fibres, taking hold of the ground, an roots in divers places. At the joints of these branches stand two small, dark, green, shining lea ves, and with them CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 271 come forth the flowers, one at a joint, abe upon a ten- der footstalk, long and hollow, parted at the brims, some- times iuto four, sometimes into five leaves; the most ordi- sorts are of a pale blue colour, some of a pure white, an some oi a dark reddish purple colour. Slace.— Those with the pale blue, and those with the white flowers, grow in w and orchards, by the hedge- sides, in divers parts of this country ; but those with the e flowers in gardens only. ime.—They flower in March and April. Government and Virtwes.—Venus own this herb. It isa * binder, and stays bleeding at the mouth and nose, if be chewed. It is a good female medicine, and may be used with advantage in hysteric and other fits. An in- fusion is good to stay the menses ; a two ounce dose will have the same effect. It is good in nervous disorders ; the pedis made into a conserve is good for the as gh Periwinkle ( Vinea Minor) | the vir- tues of the othre kind, and may very properly supply its PETERS WORT. (ST.) - Ascyrwm Stans.) Descrip.—It rises up with square, large, brown, yg 80 t stalks, having leaves at every joint, round pointed, wi few or no holes to be seen thereon, and sometimes smaller leaves rising from the bosom of the greater, with a little hair thereon. At the tops of the two stalks stand many star-like flowers, with yellow threads in the middle, larger than those of St. John’s wort, the seed being like it. The root abides long, sending forth new shoots every year. Place.—It grows in small low woods, in divers places of this ws also near water-courses, Time.— It flowers in June and July; and the seed is ripe in August. | Government and Virtues.—Two drams of the seed taken at a time in honied water, purges choleric humours, and helps the sciatica. The leaves bruised are good for burns. PILEWORT (COMMON.)—(Ficaria Verna.) Descrip.—This small plant, besides the slender, white, fibrous root, has several small, oval, whitish tubercles, re- sembling the 7 The leaves grow on long footstalks, smooth and shi ing, 9 spotted 2 b. 888 on pretty long lining to the earth, with a at or two on them more angular, sharper-pointed, and 272 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. smaller than the other ; they consist of eight or nine nar- row, sharp-pointed petals of shining yellow colour, with a few yellow stamina in the middle, set about a green head that is composed of small naked seeds. Place. It grows in moist pastures and by hedge-sides. Time.—It flowers in April. Government and Virtues.—This herb is good for the piles, to ease their pain and swelling, and stop their bleeding ; the roots being taken inwardly, and an ointment being made of the leaves and roots, is cooling and good for in- flamed sores and ulcers. The expressed juice of the plant is used to cure internal wounds, bruises, and spitting ot blood, with good success. The leaves bruised and boiled in hog’s-lard, until they become crisp, and then strained, affords an excellent cooling ointment. PIMPERNEL (WATER.)—(Anagallis Aquatica.) Descrip.—It has divers weak rs stalks lying on the ground, 1 55 with two small and almost round leaves at every joint, one against another, but no footstalks; for the leaves, as it were, compass the stalk, consisting of five small round-pointed leaves, of a pale red colour, tending to an orange, with many threads in the middle, in whose places succeed smooth round heads, wherein is contained small seed. The root is small and fibrous, perishing every year. Place.—It is found only in brooks and running waters. Government and Virtues.—This plant is warm and dry, with a little wid i „and is a vulnerary. The juice mixed with cow's milk, is useful in consumptions and dis- tempers of the lungs; it is put into erdi waters, as an alexipharmic, and good against malignant distempers. It helps bites and stings of venomous creatures, being appli- ed either inwardly or outwardly. It also opens obstruc- tions of the liver, and is available against the infirmities of the reins: it provokes urine, and 0 f to expel the stone and gravel out of the kidneys and bladder, and helps in- ward pains and ulcers, The decoction or distilled water is effectual if applied to green wounds, or old, filthy, fret- ting, and running ulcers, which it speedily cures, A little mixed with the juice, and dropped into the eyes, cleanses them from cloudy mists, or thick films which grow over them. It helps tooth-ache, Fan dropped into the ear on the contrary side of the pain. It is effectual to ease the piles. This herb is a good deobstruent and antiscor 4 2 % Scurvy Grass. 2 Pelitory of theWall. Spikenard. Tansy, “a ae CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 972 butic, abounding with volatile parts, good for the scurvy, and is an i ent of the antiscorbutic juices and diet drinks for that distemper. It is likewise detersive and cleansing, and useful in many inward obstructions. PINE-TREE.—( Pinus Sylvestris.) Descrip.—On the continent it grows to a great height, but with us not so tall. Tt is found in parks and inclo- sures. The leaves are short and slender, and the cones are sharp-pointed, including small kernels. Place.—It ows its existence in this country to the curi- who plant it for its beauty and ornament. . | and Virtues.—It is a tree of Mars. From it common turpentine, which is thick, whitish, and opaque, is obtained. It has a strong smell, and is used by farriers from this the distilled oil, sometimes called the spirit of 83 is extracted; what is left at the bottom of the ill is the common rosin, which, if taken out before it is drawn too high, and then washed in water, is called white, or yellow rosin. The black is more evaporated, and not washed at all, they are the same in nature, being used in ointments and plasters. The kernels are excellent resto- ratives in consumptions, and after long illness. The best way of giving them is in an emulsion beat up with barley- water, which is also very good for heat of urine, and other disorders of the urinary passages. PLANTAIN.—(Plantago Major.) Descrip.—The root is thick at the head, having whitish fibres growing from it. The leaves are broad, large, and oval, waved at the edges, with sevén 7 nerves run through the whole ag of them, and even the b hollow footstalks into the root. The flowers grow in lon spikes, above half the length of the footstalks, small pe staminons, cut into four parts, which are succeeded by two small, oblong, shining trown seeds, hollow on the one side, » Growing in little roundish capsule, which open hori- zontally when the seed is ripe. Place. It is every where by the way-side. Time. — It flowers in May. The whole plant is used. Government and Virtues.—This is under Venus, and it enres the head by its antipathy to and the privities by its sympathy to Venus ; neither is there a martial dis- ease but it cures. The juice, clarified and drank for days K 274 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. together, either by itself, or with other drink, helps exco- riations or pains in the bowels, the distillations of rheum from the head, and it stays all manner of fluxes, even wo- mens’ courses, when too abundant. It is good to stay spit- ting of blood and bleedings at the mouth, or the making of foul and bloody water, by reason of any ulcer in the reins or bladder ; and staunches the too free bleeding of wounds, The seed is profitable against dropsy, falling. sickness, yellow-jaundice, and stoppings of the liver and reins. The roots, and Pellitory of Spain, beaten into pow- der, and put into hollow teeth, takes away the pains of them. The juice, or distilled water, dropped into the eyes, cools the inflammations in them, and takes away the pin and web. If the juice be mixed with oil of roses, and the temples and forehead be anointed therewith, it eases the pains of the head proceeding from heat. The same also is pee applied to all hot gouts in the hands and feet. t is good if applied to bones out of joint, to hinder in- flammations, swellings, and pains that presently rise there- upon. The powder of the dried leaves taken in drink, kills worms of the belly; boiled in wine, it kills worms which breed in old and foul ulcers, One part of the herb water and two parts of the brine of powdered beef, boiled toge- ther and clarified, is a remedy for all scabs and itch in the head and body, all manner of tetters, ringworms, the shin- gies, and all other running and fretting sores. All the lantains are good wound herbs to heal fresh or old wounds, or sores, either inward or outward. PLANTAIN (BUCK’S-HORN.)—(Plantago Coronopus.) Descrip.—Like the other, this Plaintain has a slender, 22 Ban. 8 leaves N geen and be a Fowe a star g on the ground, and spreading every way from the head of the . they are ag, narrow, and deeply jagged at the edges, like the horn of a buck, pale ey and hairy. The stalks are upright, and like other Plan- . tains, with small, irregular, four-leaved flowers, growing on hoary stalks three or four inches long. The seed is small, of a dark brown shining colour. Place.—It grows in sandy grounds, and upon heaths. Time.—It flowers in June. Government and Virtues.—-This has the nature of other Plantains, moderately drying and binding, and is a goud i CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL 275 wound herb, both inwardly and outwardly; it is commend- ed against venomous bites, especially those of a mad dog. PLANTAIN (GRASS.)—(Plantago Uniflora.) Descrip.—This is a grassy and apparently weedy herb. The leaves are green, * ; er with each other in @ curious manner, like Sea Grass. The flowers are single, consisting of four white leaves each, with long threads ing out of each centre, at the top are small white but- tons. The whole plant grows about four inches high. Place.—It is common in the Isle of Sheppy, and in other parts about the sea-coasts, Time.—It flowers in June. Virtues.—The expressed juice is good against spitting of blood, immoderate flow of the menses, an piles. The seeds reduced to powder, and taken, stop the whites, The fresh leaves bruised, and applied to fresh cuts, soon heal them, and are good tocleanse and heal ulcers. This is astringent, cooling, and healing. A decoction is excellent in all ure- thral and uterine disorders. PLANTAIN (RIBWORT.)—(Plantago Lanceolata, ) Descrip.—The leaves are narrower than the former, sharp-pointed, having five ribs, or nerves, running quite throagh them to the root, which is less and more than the former: the flowers grow at the end of long slen- der stalks in oblong spikes, an inch long; they are small and staminous, with white apices. The seeds grow like the others, but are somewhat 9 * Place. —It grows in fields and hedges. Time.—The flowers appear in May and June. Virtues.—The leaves are astringent aud vulnerary, and are useful for the same purposes as the former. The juice of it is commended for the ague, to lessen its effects. PLOUGHMAN’S SPIKENARD.—(Conyza Squarrosa.) ok baer is a biennial, a coarse, but ill-iooking save stalk is two feet and a balf high, of a ruddy dry, brittle, branchy towards the top. The leaves are broad lanced, rugged on the surface, of coarse dead green, and a little dented about the edges. The flowers are of a dull yellow, and stand in a close tuft, at the tops of the stalk ; grow out of an oblong and cup; n sock 276 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. | Place.—It is found by road sides, and in waste places. Time.—The flowers bloom in August. | Government and Virtwes.—It is under the government of Venus. The leaves, when bruised, emit a quick and aromatic smell, They are bitterish to the taste, with some sharpness. A weak tea made of this herb is good 1 mote the menses, and much preferable to auy mine PLUMS. (Prunus Domestica. ) Trey are so well known that they need no description. Government and Virtues.—All Plums are under Venus. There is great diversity of kinds, some that are sweet moisten the stomach, and make the belly 8 those that are sour quench thirst more, and bind the belly; the moist and waterish corrupt the stomach, but the firm do nourish more, and offend less. The dried fruit, under the name of damask Prunes, somewhat loosen the belly, and when stewed, are used, both in health and sickness, to re- lish the mouth and stomach, to procure appetite, and to open the body, allay choler, and cool the stomach. Plum- tree leaves boiled in wine, are good to wash and gargle the mouth and throat, to dry the flux of rheum coming to the te, gums, or almonds of the ears. The gum of the tree good to break the stone. The gum or leaves boiled in vinegar, and applied, kills tetters and ringworms. POLEY (MOUNTAIN.)—( Teucrium Polium.) Descrip.—This grows about a foot high, much branch- ed, with squarish woolly husks, having two small white woolly leaves at a joint, not above half an inch long, and scarcely half so broad, blunt pointed, and indented: about the edges towards the end. e flowers grow at the ends of the branches, in round woolly thick spikes, small, and of a white colour, labiated, but having no galea, being set in white, hoary, five-pointed calices; both leaves and flow- ers have a pleasant aromatic scent. Piace.—It is a native of Italy, but will bear the cold of our ye if taken care of ina ee in winter. Time.—It flowers in July and August. 1 Government and Virtues.—It is under the dominion of Venus. It is opening and attenuating, good for obstrue- tions of the- liver and spleen; it is good in dropey and jaun- dice; it provokes urine and the menses, and is serviceable in venomous bites, Outwardly applied, it is emollient, 11“ CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAY. 277 and dissolving, good for hard tumours and swe! and is put into ointments and plasters for that object, POLYPODY.—{Po'ypodium Vulgare.) Descrip.—This is a perennial herb of the fern tribe, dis- tinguishable by the seeds being in roundish spots, distri- buted on the under surface of the leaf. The root is shag- ged with — 3 of the thickness of one's little finger, broken, is found to be green within; and to the taste at once austere and sweet. Place. —It is common among mossy stones, upon the joints of old walls which are in the shade, and upon the of trees; but the best sort grows upon the decay - stumps ed 1 old oak trees. i It is in ection in October and November. with beets, ey, mallow, cummin, ginger, fennel and anise. The form to take it for a complaint in the in- testines, is as follows: To an ounce of the root bruis- ed, add an ounce and a half of the fresh roots of white beets, and a handful of wild mallow ; pour upon these a pint and a quarter of water, boiling hot, and let it stand till next day, then strain it off. A quarter of a pint of this liquor contains the infusion of two drams of this root, It should be sweetened with sugar-candy, or honey. POMEGRANATE-TREE.—(Punica Granatum.) Descrip.—This is a shrubby plant, covered with a brown- ish bark, and divided into a number of branches, which spread in an irregular manner, and are armed with sharp- ish spines, and have their upper end pretty thick set with long narrow smooth leaves, two inches in length, to half an inch in breadth ; among these come forth the flowers, of a bright scarlet colour, consisting of five leaves set in a 4 calyx, which in time enlarging itself becomes the or covering of the fruit, having a crown on its upper part, in shape and size like an orange, but with a broader and harder peel, in the inside of which grow a great number of cornered acini or kernels, compacted to- in regular order, containing each a sweet vinous or one more acid, with a stone in the middle, 272 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. Place.—It is a native of Italy and Spain, and needs the shelter of a green-house in this country. Government and Virtues.—This tree is under Mercury. Both the flowers and bark of the fruit are strongly astrin- gent ; a decoction of them stops bleedings and purgings of all kinds, and is good for the whites. The pulp of the fruit, when in perfection, is very grateful, and has the same gen- eral qualities with the other acid fruits. A strong infusion cures ulcers in the mouth and throat, and fastens teeth. PUMPKIN.—( Cucurbita Pepo.) Descrip.—This takes up a great compass of ground, with its large, thick, cree ing siatenjPeubiad wit Inage clans : its leaves are Ne, rough, like those of melons. he flowers are large, like a yellow lily in colour. The fruit is large, having large, white, oval, flattish seeds, Place.—It is sown on dunghills. Time.—It is ripe in September and October. Government and Virtues.—It is a moist plant under the dominion of the Moon. The seed is cooling, of the nature of the melon and other cold seeds, and may serve very well to make emulsions. It is rarely used in medicine, POPLAR (BLACK.)—(Populus Nigra.) Descrip.—This tree grows higher and straighter than the white, with a greyish pene be broad green leaves, like ivy leaves, not cut on the edges, but whole and dent- ed, ending in a point, and not white underneath, hanging by slender long footstalks, which are continually shaking. The catkins are greater than those of the white, composed of round green berries, as if set rm co in a long cluster, deer er. much downy matter, which being ripe is blown away with the wind. The clammy heads hereof, before they spread into leaves, are of a yellowish green colour, -and small, somewhat sweet, but strong. Place.—It grows in moist woods, and by water-sides in sundry places in England. Time. The catkins come out before the leaves in summer. Government and Virtues.—Saturn has dominion over both White and Black Poplars. The White is of a cleans- ing property; one ounce of the powdered bark drunk, is a remedy for the sciatica, or the strangury. The juice of the leaves dropped into the ears, eases the pains in them. The young clammy buds or eyes, before they break out into * CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL, 279 leaves, bruised, and a little honey . to them, is a good medicine for dull sight. The Black is more cooling than the White ; the leaves bruised, and applied with vinegar, help the gout. The seed drank in vinegar, is good against ickness. The water that drops from the hollows of this tree, takes away warts, pushes, wheals, and break- tof the body. The leaves and buds are used to make the Unguent Populeon ; but aa the Black is hot, the ointment cannot receive virtue from its leaves or buds, but from the other ingredients which are put in it. POPLAR (WHITE.)—( Populus Alba.) Descrip.—This kind grows great and high, covered with thick, smooth, white bark, especially the branches, having leaves cut into several divisions almost like the vine but not so deep green on the upper side, and hoary white underneath, of a reasonable good scent, the whole ting the form of coltsfoot. The catkins which it forth before the leaves, are long, and of a faint red- dish colour, which fall away, bearing seldom good seed with them. The wood is smooth, soft, and white, very finely waved, whereby it is much esteemed, POPPY (BLACK.)—(Papaver Nigrum.) Descrip.—This does not grow so high as the White, but in other respects it is nek like it. The chief difference is in the flower, which in this is of a purplish colour, with a black bottom ; and in the heads which do not grow the same size, and contain black seed. The roots of both are sticky, and perish when the seed is ripe, Place. —It is sown in gardens. Time.—It flowers in June and July. | Virtues.—The heads are rarely used, being left alone be the 2. nausea 9 of a gentle sudo- nature, and are iarly in pleurisies, quinsies, and all disorders of — 1 — POPPY (CROWFOOT.)—(Papaver Ranunculus Latifol ius.) Descrip.— The stalk is thick and naked, round and fleshy. The leaves are irregular and few, stripped into many divi- ded segments, and of a pale green colour. The flower is large and single, growing at the top of the stalk; the usual colour of it is bright scarlet, but it is sometimes yellow or white. In the middle is a tuft of yellow threads, 240 OCULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL Place.—It is sown only in gardens. Time.—It flowers in June. Government and Virtues.—It is under Saturn, and good lo remove warts. The expressed juice is used to make way for the instruments of surgery; and the whole plant bruis- ed has been applied to remove head-ache, but care must be taken to keep it from the eyes, or it will inflame them. POPPY (VIOLET HORNED.)—{( Chelidoniwnm Corniculatum.) Descrip.—This differs from the others, only the leaves are divided into numerous fine segments, in a double pin- nated manner. The stalk is four or five feet high, having no branches at the top, and but two or three at most be- low, bearing every one but one head wrapped up in a thin skin, which bows down before it is ready to bloom, and then rising, and being broken, the flower within it spreads itself open, consisting of very large white round leaves, with many Mage 8 15 tt middle, a about a small, round, green ving a horn or star-like point shooting out at che head, which, growing oy. ane large as a great apple, wherein are contained a great num- ber of smal] round seeds in several itions next to the shell, the middle thereof remaining hollow and empty. Place.—It is common in corn- fields. Time.—It flowers in July. Virtues.—An infusion of the flowers boiled into a syrup, partakes slightly of the nature of opium. The juice is of the same acrid and bitter taste with the other species, ! POPPY (WHITE, or OPIUM.)—(Papaver Somniferum.) Descrip.—This is cultivated for its medicinal uses. It has many large, long, whitish green leaves, much torn and cut in on the edges. The stalk is smooth and round, grow- ing five or six feet high; towards the top it is divided into three or four branches, having at the end of each a round head, hanging down at first, but asthe flower comes on to open, it grows erect. The flower consists of four large leaves, inclosed in a peuple of green skinny busks, which soon drop off when the flower opens; when the flowers are fallen, the seed-vessel grow as big asa large o hav- ing a denticillated crown on the head ; it is divided into membraneous partitions, to the sides of which grow the CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 281 small white ooo The whole 23 is full of a bitter milk, of a strong, unpleasant smell, * grows wild in Ireland, but it is eultivated in the in England. —It flowers during the months of Summer. Government and Virtues.—It is under the dominion of the Moon. The seed-vessels are the parts to use. Syrup of diacodium is a strong decoction of them, boiled to a con- sistence with sugar. The syrup is a gentle narcotic, eas- ps Fee, ane covsing sleep; half an ounce is a full dose wn person, for 8 it must be diminish- fee The seeds, eaten into an emulsion, with are good for the strangury, and heat of the urine; Cae bak they have none of the sleepy virtues of the sy- rup, nor of the other parts of the preparations of the pop- Opium is nothing more than the milky juice of this nt, concreted into a solid form. It is procured by ounding the heads, when they are almost ripe, with a five-edged instrument, which makes as many parallel inci- sions from top to e and the juice which flows from these wounds is the next day scraped off, and the other side of the head wounded in like manner. When a quantity of this juice is collected, it is worked together with a little water, till it acquires the consistence and colour of pitch, when it is fit for use. Opium has a faint disagreeable smell, and a bitterish, hot, Biting taste; taken in proper doses, it procures sleep, and a short respite from pain, but dr caution is required in administering it, for it is a eH ti and, consequently, a very dangerous medi- unskilful hands, It relaxes the nerves, sbates pond and spasmodic complaints ; but it increases para- lytic disorders, and such as proceed from weakness of the nervous system. It incrassates thin serous acrid humours, and thus * a speedy cure for catarrhs and tickling but must never be given in phthisical or inflamma- e for ĩt dangerously checks perspiration, un- leas ita ects are counteracted by the addition of amioniac and by producing a fulness and distention of the wae it, it exasperates all inflammatory symptoms, whether internal or external. It promotes perspiration, but checks all creme and is good for 4 pping * aud vomitings; and this is effected by sm . — given. With regard to the dose, half a grain or at most, a grain, in all common cases is sufficient : aud even when larger doses are required, it is more advisable K* 282 CULPEPERS COMPLETE HERBAL. to repeat them more frequently, than to give a larger quantity. An over-dose causes immoderate mirth or scu- pidity, redness of the face, swelling of the lips, relaxation of the joints, giddiness of the eae deep sleep, accompa- aied with turbulent dreams and convulsive starting, cold sweats, and frequently death. POPPY (WILD.)—(Papaver Rheaz. ) CALLED also Corn Rose. Descrip.—This has long narrow leaves, very much cut in on the edges into many divisions, of a light green co- lour, sometimes hairy; the stalk is blackish and hairy, but not so tall as the garden-kind, having such like leaves as w below, whereon grow small hairy heads bowing down before the skin breaks, wherein the flower is inclosed, which, when it is full blown, is of a fair yellowish red or crimson colour, and in some much paler, vers any spots at the bottom of the leaves, having many black soft threads in the middle, compassing a small green head, which, when ripe, is not bigger than one’s little rag: aaa end, wherein is contained much black seed, smaller than that of the gar- den. The root perishes ev ear, and springs again of its own sowing. Of this kind there is one lesser in all the parts thereof and differs in nothing else. This is called the Welsh Poppy, or Papaver Cumbrioum. Place.—They are sown in ens. The Wild Poppy, or Corn is plentiful in the corn- fields in all parts of this country, upon ditch-banks, and by bedge-sides. The smaller wild kind is also found in corn-fields and other places, but is not so plentiful. Time.—The garden kinds are sown in Spring, and flow- erin May. The wild ones flower from until July ; and the seed of them is ripe soon after the flowering. Government and Virtues—The herb is Lunar; and a syrup is made of the seed and flowers, which is useful to ive sleep and rest to invalids, and to stay catarrhs and ee of rheums from the head into the stomach and lungs, which causes a continual cough, the forerunner of consumption; it helps hoarseness of the throat, and loss of voice, which the oil of the seed does likewise. The black seed boiled in wine, and drank, a the flux of the belly, and womens’ courses, The poppy-heads are usually boiled in water, and given to procure rest and sleep; so do the leaves in the same manner ; if the head and temples be bathed with the warm decoction, or with the oil, the CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL 283 green leaves or heads bruised, and applied with a little vinegar, or made into a poultice with barley-water, or hog’s-grease, cools and tempers all inflammations, and St. Anthony’s fire. It is generally used in treacle and mithri- date, and in all other medicines that are made to procure sleep and rest, and to ease pains in the head as well as in other parts. It cools inflammations, and agues. It is put in hollow teeth, to ease the pain; it is also good for the gout. POPPY (YELLOW HORNED.)—(Glauciwm Luteum.) of the flowers grow together gh a footstalk three or four orter of its own; they consist of four small yellow leaves, included in calyces of two hol- low parts; after they are fallen, they are followed b narrow pods, full of small, round, shining black Place.—It among waste grounds and rubbish, upon wails and buildin Time.—It flowers in May. Government and Virtues.—It is under the Sun in Leo; and is aperative and cleansing, opening obstructions of the spleen and liver, and of great use in curing the jaundice and scurvy. Outwardly it is used for sore eyes, to dry up the rheum, and take away specks and films, as also against tetters and ringworms, and the breakings-out of scurvy. The root dried and powdered, is balsamic and sub-astrin- gent. It is given agaiust bloody-fluxes, and in other he- morrhages, a dram for a dose. ; PRIMROSE.—( Primula Vulgaris.) ; are the rface, entire at the edges, of a deep green colour. 234 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. iarge, and of a white or pale yellow colour. The seeds are small, numerous, and of a roundish figure. Place.—It is common in woods, hedges, and thickets, ,articularly in a clayey soil. Time.—The flowers appear in March and April. Government and Virtues.—It is under the dominion of Venus. The roots are used as a sternutatery to the head: the best way of using them is to bruise them, and express the juice, which, being snuffed up the nose, occasions vio- lent sneezing, and brings away a great deal of water, but without being productive of any bad effect. Dried and re- duced to powder, it will produce the same effect, but not so powerfully. In this state it is good for nervous disoi ders, but the dose must be small. A dram and a half of the dried roots, taken in autumn, is a strong, but safe emetic. PRIVET.—(Ligustrum Vulgare.) Descrip.—This bush does not grow large, it has many smooth, tough, pliant branches, clothed with small oblong leavea, broadest in the middle, and 1 at the end. It bears long and narrow green leaves by the couples, and sweet-smelling white flowers in tufts at the ends of the branches, which turn into small black berries that have a purplish juice in them, and some seeds that are flat on the one side, with a hole or dent therein. Place.—It hee in this country, in divers woods. Time.—It flowers in June and July; and the berries are ripe in August and September. Government and Virtues.—The Moon owns this herb. It is used more especially in lotions to wash sores, and sore mouths, to cool inflammatious, and dry up fluxes, The sweet water distilled from the flowers, is good to heal all those diseases that need cooling and drying, and helps all fluxes of the belly and stomach, bloody-fluxes, and wo- mens’ courses, if drunk 0 applied; as the voiding of blood at the mouth, or any other place, for distilling rheum from the eyes, especially if it be used with Tutia. PURSLANE.—( Portulaca Oleracea. ) Descrip.—This plant is so well known that a short de- scription may serve, it having round, smooth, reddish, and succulent brittle stalks, with fat thick leaves, and broader at the end than next the stalk. The flowers grow on the tops of the stalks among the leaves, being smail, five-leav- r CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 285 od and , succeeded by roundish seed-vessels, includ- black, rugged seed. The root is small and fibrous. —It is sown in gardens ; the leaves and seeds are used. The seed is one of the lesser cold seeds, Government and Virtues.—It is an herb of the Moon. It * to allay the heat of the liver, blood, reins, stomach, hot agues : it stays hot and choleric fluxes of the belly, womens’ courses, the whites, and gonorrhcea, the distilla- ation from the head, and pains therein proceeding from heat, want of sleep, or the frenzy. The seed is more effec- tual than the herb, and is good to cool the heat and sharp ness of urine. The seed bruised and boiled in wine, and given to children, expels the worms. The juice of the herb is effectual to all the pu aforenamed ; also to stay vomitings, and taken with sugar and honey, helps an old and dry cough, shortness of breath, and the phthisic, and stays immoderate thirst. The distilled water is preferred by many, and it works the same effects. The juice is for inflammations and ulcers in the secret parts, as well as in the bowels, and hemorrhoids, when they have excoria- tions in them; the herb bruised and applied to the fore- head and temples, allays excessive heat therein, that hin- ders rest and sleep; and applied to the eyes it takes away inflammation in them, those other parts where pushes, wheals, 2 St. Anthony’s fire, and the like, break forth; if a little vinegar be put to it, and laid to the neck, with as much of gall and linseed together, it takes away the pains therein, and the crick in the neck. Applied to the gvut, it eases the pains, and helps the hardness of the sinews, if it come not of the cramp or a cold cause. QUICK GRASS.—( Agrostis.) —There are several sorts. 1. Common Quick Grass (A. Vulgaris,) which creeps about under ground, with long white jointed roots, and small fibres almost at t. 2. Quick Grass (A. Plumosa,) with a more penicle. 3. Smaller Quick Grass (A. Canina,) ing tuft. 4. Low-bending Quick Grass (A. 5. Quick Grass (A. Muticau,) with a penicle that spread. 6. Small Sweet Grass (A. Pumila,) with low creeping branches. .—The first is common in ploughed grounds and ; the second and third are more acarce, and delight prreg gro snds; the three next are also found 1 17 5 f 4 286 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. Tims. They flourish in the ing of summer. Government and Virtues.— These are plants of Mercury. The Quick Grass, the root of which is of temperature cold and dry, and has a little mordacity in it and some tenuity of parts, is the most medicinal of all other sorts: a decoc- tion thereof drank, opens obstructions of the spleen and liver, e ee of urine, to ease the griping pains in the belly and inflammations, and to waste the excrementitious matter of the stone in the bladder and the ulcers thereof : the root being bruised and applied, knits together and con- solidates wounds, The seed more powerfully expels wind, binds the belly, and stays vomiting. . The distilled water is good to be given to children for worms. QUINCE TREE.—(Pyrus ( Cydonia.) Descrip.—This tree grows to the height of a good-sized apple-tree, crooked, with a rough bark, spreading branches far abroad. The leaves beatin, those of the apple-tree, but thicker, broader, and fuller of veins, and whiter on the under-side, not dented about the edges. The flowers are large and white, somewhat dashed over with a blush. The fruit is yellow, being near ripe, and covered with a white frieze ; thick set on the younger, growing less as they get nearer ripe, bunched out oftentimes in some places : some being like an apple, some like a pear, of a strong heady scent, and not ede to keep; it is sour, harsh, and of an erg e taste to eat 9 ; but being scalded, roast- ed, baked, or preserved, becomes more pleasant. Place.—It grows plentifully near ponds and water sides. Time.—It flowers not until the leaves come forth. The fruit is ripe in September or October. Government and Virtues.—Saturn owns this tree. The fruit has a strong, very pleasant smell, and acid taste. Its expressed juice, taken in small quantities, is a mild, astrin- gent stomachic medicine, and is of efficacy, in sickness, vo- miting, eructations, and purgin A grateful cordial, and lightly restringent syrup, is a by digesting three pints of the clarified juice, with a dram of cinnamon, half a dram of ginger, the same of cloves, in warm ashes, for six hours, then adding a pint of red port, and dissolving nine pounds of sugar in liquor, and straining it. And a useful jelly is made by boiling the juice with a sufficient quantity of su- gar, till it attains a due consistence. The seeds abound with a soft mucilaginous substance, which they readily im- OCULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 287 0. to boiling water, making it like the white of an egg. is is excellent for sore mouths, and useful to soften and moisten the mouth and throat in fevers, and other diseases, The green fruit helps all sorts of fluxes in man or woman, and in choleric laxes. The crude juice is preservative against the force of poison. The oil is useful to bind and cool outwardly hot fiuxes; it strengthens the stomach and belly by anointing, and the sinews that are loosened by sharp humours falling on them, and restrains immoderate sweat- ings. The mucilage taken from the seeds, and boiled in water, is good to cool the heat, and heal the sore breasts of women. The same, with a little sugar is good to lenify the harshness and soreness of the throat, and the roughness of the tongue. The cotton or down boiled, and applied to Plague sores, heals them up; and laid as a plaster, made up ith wax, it brings hair to those who are bald, and keeps it from falling off, if it be ready to shed. RADISH (COMMON GARDEN.)—(Rgphanus Sativus.) Tuts plant is so well known that it needs no description. Place.—It is planted in gardens. Time.—It flowers in May. Government and Virtues.—It is under Mars, and is open- ing, attenuating, and antiscorbutic ; it does not give much nourishment, and is very windy ; it provokes urine and is good for the stone and gravel. The expressed juice of the root, with the addition of a little wine, is an admirable remedy for gravel. The roots eaten plentifully sweeten the blood and juices, and are good against the scurvy. RADISH (WILD, on HORSE.)—(Cochlearia Armoracia.) Descrip.—The first leaves rise before winter, a foot and a half long, cut on the edges in many parts, of a dark green colour, with a white rib in the middle ; after these have been up a while, others follow, which are taller, rougher, , and longer, whole and not divided at first, den about the edges. The root is great, white, aud rough, send- ing up divers heads of leaves, which may be parted for in- but it doth vot creep in the «eit. nor run above, it is of a strong, sharp taste, almost like mustard. Place. — It is found wild in some places, but is chiefly planted in ens, in moist and ally places, Time,—\t seldom flowers, but when it does, it is in July. Government and Virtues.—It is under Mars, The juice 288 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. of the root drank, is effectual for scurvy. It kills worms in children, if given to drink, The bruised root laid to the ere affected with the sciatica, joint- ache, or the hard swel- ings of the liver and spleen, helps them all. The distilled water of the herb and root is more familiar to be taken with a little sugar for all the purposes aforesaid. RAMPION (HORNED.)—( Phytewma Obiculare.) Descrip.—This rises from a long, thick, white, and fibrous root. he lower leaves are short, and almost round, but pointed at the end, and some few of them at times oval, or oblong : they have long footstalks, and are serrated at the edges. The stalk is tender, striated, or hollow, about a foot high. The leaves stand irregularly on it, and are al- together unlike those from the root: they are long, narrow, and sharp-pointed, serrated at the ed and of a pale green ; those towards the bottom have long footstalks, but those towards the upper parts have none, The flowers stand at the top of the stalk in a round thick bead; they are small and purple, close together, and curled round like : horn, from which the plant derives its name. Place.—\t is a perennial plant, and not uncommon in the hilly pastures of Kent and Sussex. Time.—It flowers in August, Government and Virtues.—There are several species of this plant, but this possesses most virtue. The roots of an of them may be eaten asa salad in spring, they are we tusted, and full of a milky juice. They are under Venus, The root, if eaten in due quantity, operates by urine, and may be good to create an appetite. RAMPION (SHEEP’S.)—(Jasione Montana.) Descrip.—The root, from a small head, shoots out many fibres. ‘The stalk is upright, of a pale green, and rises to about three feet in height, The leaves are of a faint green, divided at the edges into small ents. The flowers grow in a large head like scabious, and are of a fine blue; but they are sometimes found of a reddish or white colour. Place.—It is a biennial ; common on high pastures. Tima.— It flowers in Au Government and Virtues.—It is under the dominion of Mercury, and of a bitter, light, astringent quality, excellent against disorders of the breast, such as coughs, asthmatic affections, difficulty of breathing, &c., for which purpose an CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 289 infusion of the flowers is the best preparation. The flowers are good against feverish complaints; the juice applied ex- ternally heals foulness and discolourings of the RAMPION (HAIRY SHEEP’S.)—(Phyteuma Spicatum.) Descrip.—Grows upon a dry, brittle stock, slender, and of Sad 5 green. Ths lenven are of a pale dead green, and ali sa he milk runs from them when broken, and pres- sed. The flowers are a beautiful blue, pale, and elegant. Place.—Most found on heaths and dry upland grounds. Time.—It flowers in August. Government and Virtues.—This is under Venus, and is cooling and diuretic, The leaves are an excellent diuretic, useful in gravel and the stone: boiled in milk, and sweet- ened with sugar, they cure the heat of urine. They help the ee by opening the obstructions of the liver and gall : and the dropsy, by carrying off the water. RATTLE GRASS.—(Rhinanthus.) Or this there are two kinds, which I shall speak of, viz., the red and yellow. Descrip.—The common Red Rattle (Pedicularis Sylva- tica ) has reddish, hollow stalks, sometimes green, rising from the root, lying mostly on the ground, some spring more up- right, with many small reddish or green leaves, set on both ides of a middle rib finely dented about the edges : the flowers stand on the tops of the stalks and branches, of a pur- — red colour; after which come blackish in small usks, which lying loosely, will rattle with shaking. The root consists of two or three small whitish strings with some thereat. The common Yellow Rattle( RAinanthus Crista Galli) has seldom above one round great stalk, rising from the foot, about a yard or two feet high, with but few branches, having two long broad leaves set at a joint, 2 in on the broadest next to the stalk, and smaller to the end. The flowers grow at the to of the stalks, with some shorter leaves with them, hooded after the manner that the others are, but of a fair, yellow colour, some gal and others more white. The seed is contained in busks, and when ri rattle same as the red kind does. The root is small an slender, perishing yearly. Place.—They grow in the meadows and woods throudh - out this country. 290 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL Time.—They flower from Midsummer until August is past, sometimes. Government and Virtues.—They are both under the do- minion of the Moon. The Red Rattle is profitable to heal fistulas and hollow ulcers, and to stay the flux of humours in them, and the abundance of womens’ courses, or other fluxes of blood, if boiled in wine, and drank. The Yellow Rattle is good for cough, or dimness of sight, if the herb boiled with beans, and some honey put thereto, be drunk, or dropped into their eyes. The whole seed being put into the eyes, draws forth any skin, dimness of film, from the sight, without pain or trouble. RASPBERRY.—( Rubus Ideus Hortensis.) CALLED also Hindberry. Descrip.—This cannot properly be called a fruit- as the fruit is valuable, something is expected of the b that produces it. Besides the flowering sort, the com- mon small red and 2 there are other sorts much larger of the same colour, called Rombullions; the former has the richest flavour, but in dry seasons they are apt to wither. It is so well known that it needs no further description. Place.—It grows wild in woods in England and Wales, and is plentifully cultivated in fruit-gardens. Pio Tia flowers in May, and the fruit is ripe in June an yo ey g 9 or Virtues.— Venus om — shrub. Serve ruit, which is the only part used, a pleasant gra mel and taste, is cordial and strengthens the stomach, stays vomiting, is somewhat astringent, and good to prevent miscarriage. The fruit is very grateful as nature presents it, but made into a sweetmeat with sugar, or fermented with wine, the flavour is improved. It is fragrant, a little acid, and of a cooling nature. It dissolves the tartarous concre- tions on the teeth, but is inferior to strawberries for that pu The juice of the ripe fruit boiled into a syrup, with refined sugar, is 2323 and agreeable to the sto- mach, and prevents sickness and retchings. REST HARROW.—(Ononis.) CALLED also Cammock. : Descrip.—Common Rest Harrow rises up with divers woody twigs, half a yard or a yard high, set at the joints without order, having little roundish leaves, sometimes more than two or three at a place ; of a dark green colour, LR ERS COMPLETE HERBAL. 291 without thorns when they are young, but afterwards arm- ed in sundry places with short ares thorns. The flow- ers come forth at the tops of the twigs and branches, like peas and broom blossoms, but lesser, flatter, and somewhat closer, of a faint purplish colour; after which come small 1 containi l, flat, round seed; the root is black- on the outside,and whitish within, very rough, and hard to break when it is fresh and green, and as hard as horn when it is dried. Place.—It grows in many places in this lan d, as well in *he arable as waste ground. Time.—It flowers in July, the seed is ripe in August. Government and Virtues.—It is under the dominion of Marsa It is excellent to provoke urine, and to break and expel the stone, which the bark of the root taken in wine performs effectually. The decoction with some vinegar used to wash out the mouth, eases tooth-ache, especially when it comes of rheum; it is powerful to open obstructions of the liver and spleen, and other parts. The powder of the root made into an electuary, or lozenges, with sugar, as also the bark of the fresh roots boiled tender, and afterwards beaten to a conserve with sugar, works the like effect. The powder of the roots strewed upon the brims of ulcers, or mixed with any other convenient thing, and applied, con- sumes the ess, and causes them to heal the better. RHUBARB.—/( Rheum Palmatum.) Descrip.—This has along, thick, perennial root, of a yel- low colour on the outside, ia marbled within, full of 51 dish veins; firm, but not too hard or heavy, of a pretty strong smell, of a bitterish, somewhat styptic taste, tinging the spittle of a yellow satfron colour. Place.—The roots are brought from China, Turkey, Rus- aud Siberia; but as good rhubarb plants now grows in our botanic gardens as any that come from abroad. Time.—It flowers in June and July. Government and Virtues.—Ilt is a mild purgative, and also a mild astringent. It strengthens the intestines, and gen- erally leaves the belly costive, for which reason it is prefer- ed to other purgatives, in obstinate purginys, and bloody flux. It is given more as a strengtheuer than as a purga- tive. That of a bright, or light texture, moist, fragrant, and sound, should be chosen, as being milder in its opera- tion, more grateful to the stomach, and more likely to ans- wer the purpose of au astringent a diuretic, or an alterative, 292 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. In acute fevers, where it is d s to take tives, rhubarb may ve safely given. bloody flux, and those loosenesses occasioned by acrid matter remaining in the in- testines, this root is very useful. There is a spirituous tinc- ture sold in the shops, intended as a strengthener and pur- gative ; for the first of these purposes, two or three spoon- fuls is a sufficient dose at a time; but for the latter, two o- three ounces is frequently necessary. RHUBARB (CULINARY, or TART.)—( Rheum Rhaponticum. ) Descrip.—This has a large root, thick at the head, and divided into many branches, of a dark brown on the out- side, and a deep yellow colour within, of a bitterish taste. From the root arise several large, somewhat crumpled, green leaves; roundish, but pointed at the end, of a sourish taste, growing on reddish footstalks, from among these arises a thick stalk three or four feet high, having small leaves, and a numerous company of white staminous six-leaved flowers, succeeded by large, shining, tri lar, brown seed. Place. It is a native of Scythia, ut grows in our gardens. Time,—It flowers in the middle of summer. Government and Virtues.—It is under the dominion of Mars. As to its purgative quality, it is much weaker than Rhubarb, but is more astringent, and oa fluxes, and weakness of the stomach, spitting of and making bloody urine. It is good against venomous bites. RHUBARB (GREAT MONK S.) ( Rumer Alpinus CALLED also Great Garden Patience. | Descrip.—At ita first appearance, when the winter is past, it hath a great round brownish head, rising from the mid- dle or sides of the root, which opens itself into sundry leaves one after another, very much crumpled or folded together at the first, and brownish ; but afterwards it spreads itself, and becomes smooth, very large and almost round, every one standing on a brownish stalk of the thickness of a man’s thumb, when they are grown to their fulness, and most of them two feet or more in length, es oct when they grow in any moist or good ground; and the stalk of the leaf, from the bottom thereof to the leaf itself, being also two feet, the breadth thereof from a to edge, in the broadest lace, being two feet, of a or dark green colour, of a is tart or sourish taste, much more pleasant thaa the gar- CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL 293 den or wood sorrel. The root grows very great, with divers great spreading branches from it, of a dark brownish or reddish colour on the outside, with a pale yellow skin under 333 — the r or root, eee = i — away, the root appears of 80 an lively a colour, with fresh colbuned vali running through it, that the choicest of the Rhubarb that is brought from be- the seas cannot excel it, which root, if it be dried care- by the gentle heat of a fire, and every piece kept from ing one another, will hold its colour almost as well as when it is fresh, and hath been approved of and commend- ret — who 2 1 . oe 4 —It grows ens, and flowers une; the seed is ripe in July. Time.—The roots that are to be dried and kept all the — following, are not to be taken up until the stalk and ves are quite withered and gone, and that is not until the middle or end of October ; and if they be taken a little be- fore the leaves spring, or when they are sprung up, the roots will not have so good a colour in them. Government and Virtues.—Mars claims dominion over all these wholesome herbs. A dram of the dried root, with a of ginger made into powder, and taken fasting in a ht of warm broth, purges choler and phlegm down- very gently and safely, without mig pi The seed thereof binds the bell , and helps to stay bloody-flux. The distilled water heals foul ulcerous sores, and allays inflam- mation of them ; the juice of the leaves or roots, or the de- coction of them in vinegar, is used as a most effectual reme- dy to heal running sores. The Culinary Rhubarb has all the as pes of Monk’s Rhubarb, but is more effectual both inward and 2 8 The ere without vinegar dropped into the ears, takes away the pains ; led in the mouth, takes . the tooth - ache; and if drank, heals the jaundice. The taken, eases the griping pains of the stomach, and takes away the loathing unto meat. The root ni. the ruggedness of the nails; and if boiled in wine, hel 0 2 of the throat, called king's-evil, as well as the swellings of the kernels of the ears. It expels the stone, provokes urine, and helps the dimness of sight. The Culinary Rhubarb purges the choler and phlegm, taken either by itself, made into powder, and pa | in a draught of white wine, ur steeped therein all night, and taken fast- ing, or put into other purgatives, as shall be couvenient, 294 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. cleansing the stomach, liver, and blood, it opens obstruc. tions, and helps those diseases that come thereof, as the jaun- dice, dropsy, swelling of the spleen, tertian and daily agues, and ope in the sides. It also stays spitting of blood. The powder taken with cassia dissolved, and ed Venice tur- pentine, cleanses the reins, and strengthens them, and is effectual to stay gonorrhea. It is also taken for pains and swellings in the head, and melancholy, and helps the sciati- ca, gout, and cramp. The powder taken with a little mum- mia and madder roots in red wine, dissolves clotted blood in the body, which comes by falls or bruises, and helps all Hatin f and broken parts, as well inward as outward. It is useful to heal those ulcers that happen in the eyes or eye- lids, if steeped and strained; as also to lessen the swellings and inflammations; and applied with honey, boiled in wine, it takes away all blue spots or marks that happen therein. Whey or white wine are the best liquors to steep it in, and thereby it more effectually opens 3 and pu the stomach. Indian spikenard is the best corrector of it. RICE.—(Oryza Sativa.) Tue foreign plant which produces this useful grain has no medicinal virtues, a description of it is therefore unnecessary. Piace.—It grows very plentifully in the East Indies, all through Ethiopia, Africa, 2 1400 Italy, &c. Time. It is ripe about the middle of autumn; in some places it yields two crops a year. Government and Virtues.—It is a Solar grain, and it sta laxes and fluxes of the stomach and belly, especially if it parched before it is used, and hot steel quenched in the milk wherein it is boiled, “9a, somewhat ing and binding. The flour of the rice has the same property, and is put into cataplasms to repel humours from flowing to the place, and also to womens’ breasts to stay inflammations. ROCKET CRESS (ANNUAL.)—(Hesperis Matronalis.) Spee RM plant is sometimes improperly called Ores- ling. The root i C) s slender, long, hard, ished with many fibres: the first leaves are numerous, long, and irre ly divided in the pinnated manner, with a pointed odd seg- ment at the pa The stalks are numerous, round, upright, and the leaves stand on them pap Sora ; they resemble those from the root, but they are more deeply divided, and ~— ~~) <= CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 298 of a lighter green. The flowers stand in a loose spike at the top of the stalks, of a faint yellow, with streaks of black. Place.—It has been found upon Salisbury Plain. Time.—It is an annual, and blooms in July. Government and Virtues.—This species is under Venus, and the juice is excellent in asthmas, and all diseases of the lungs. is hes way of using it is in the form of a syrup; it will relieve oppression and obstructions of the breast, and cure inveterate coughs and severe colds in the stomach. ROCKET CRESS (DWARF.)—(Iberis Nudicaulus.) Descrip.—This is a small plant, with pale leaves, which w near the bottom, they avant in a thick tuft, without footatalk, but are narrowest at the base, and broadest to- wards the end; they are notched at the edges. The stalk is round, upright, and divided into many branches. It isofa pale colour, and about ten inches high. The flowers 3 numbers on the tops of the branches, and are small and white. lace.—It is an annual, and grows upon commons. It is found about Putney and Barnes Common. Place,—It flowers in May: Government and Virtues.—This is under the Moon. All * Cresses are re as remedies for all a diseases urinary e expressed juice, or the infusion of the whole plant, is the best way of taking it. ROCKET (GARDEN.)—(Eruca Sativa.) ip.—This has a slender, white woody root, of a hot taste ; the leaves are shaped like mustard, but smoother ; the stalks grow two or three feet high, clothed with lesser leaves, having on their tops many flowers of a whitish yel- low colour, full of dark purple veins ; the seed-vessels are long, slender, and smooth, parted in two by a thin mem- brane, and open at the sides when the seed is ripe. Placs.—It is sown in gardens. Time.—lIt flowers here in August. Government and Virtues.— All this kind of Rockets are martial plants. This species is celebrated against diseases of the lungs. The juice is excellent in asthmas, and asyrup of it in all oppressions and obstructions of the breast; as also against inveterate coughs. 996 CULPEPER S COMPLETE HERBAL ROCKET (PURPLE SEA.)—(Cakile Maritima.) CALLZD also Red Bunny. i Descrip.—This is a tall plant, with long leaves deeply di- vided into segments; they have large veins, and are of a deep green. The stalk is thick, tough, and of a pale green. The flowers are purple, and grow in spikes on the tops of the stalks. It has a very disagreeable smell, Place.—It is an annual, frequent in salt-marshes, and about the sea-coast in Cornwall, and the Isle of Man. Time.—It flowers in July. Government and Virtues.—It is a martial plant, of a hot nature, and bitterish taste, opening and attenuating, good to cleanse the lungs of tough viscid phlegm, and of great service in asthmas, and difficulty of breathing ; and is often used as an emetic, and to help the jaundice and dropsy. ROCKET (WILD.)—(Hruca Sylvestris.) Descrip.—This has long narrow leaves, divided into slen- der cuts and jage on both sides of the middle rib more than the garden kinds ; of a sad green colour, from among which rise stalks two or three feet high, set with the like yellow leaves, but smaller upwards, branched in the middle into stiff stalks, bearing yellow flowers on them, made of four leaves each, as the others are, which afterwards yield small reddish seed, in small long pods, of a more bitter and hot taste than the garden kinds, as the leaves are also, Place.—It is found wild in several of this country. Time.—It flowers about June or July, and the seed is ripe in August. Government and Virtues.—This plant is forbidden to be used alone, because its sharpness strikes into the head, causing aches and pains therein. It serves to help digestion, and provokes urine abundantly. The seed cures the bites of venomous reptiles, and other er and Is worms and other noisome creatures that breed in the belly. The herb boiled or stewed, and sugar added, helps the cough in chil- dren, if taken often. The seed taken in drink, carries away the ill-scent of the arm-pits, increases milk in nurses, and wastes the spleen. The seed mixed with honey, and used on the face, cleanses the skin from morphew, and used with vinegar takes away freckles and ess of the face, and other parts; and with the gall of an ox, it amends foul scars. black and blue spots, and the marks of the small-pox. 3 — 2 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 207 ROCKET (WINTER.)—(Zruca Brumalis.) e d 1 lyi .—This ga n leaves lying on the ground, torn in different parts, e e with ＋ pieces next the bottom, and broad at the ends, from which rise up small round stalks, full of branchos, 88 many small yellow flowers of four leaves each, after whic some small pods with reddish seed in them; the root is ra- ther stringy, and perishes every year after the seed is ri Place,—It grows of its own accord in gardens and fields, by the way-sides, in many places. Time. —It flowers in May, seeds in June, and then dies. 8 and ae vy nse my 5 provoke urine, to strangury, and expe vel an e stone, It is for the scurvy, and n to cleanse all in wounds ; if the juice or decoction be drunk, or out- wardly applied to wash foul ulcers and sores, cleanses them by sharpness, hinders and abates the dead flesh from grow- ing therein, and heals them by a drying quality. ROOT OF SCARCITY.—(Beta Altissima.) Descrip.—This is a species of the beet-root, and grows in the same manner. In Germany, it is called Dick Reuben Great Turnip); Dick Wurzel, (the Great Root) ; and Wurzel, (the Root of Scarcity). It is known by the name of Mangel Wurzel in this country. Government and Virtues.—This root is under Saturn. It cultivate it, and its nourishing qualities are so it ought to be cultivated every where. Insects which destroy other roots and plants, will not or injure it: it is not affected by mildew, or blasted drought. It not only does not draw the virtues from the but the better pre it for the reception of corn or seed which may be putin. Cattle, oo and horses ily eat the leaves, and poultry may be fed upon the if cut small and mixed with bran. When the crops failed, or provender is scarce, this plant will be found of the cheapest, most valuable and wholesome roots that ever been introduced into this country, and is prefera- to either turnips, carrota, or beet - root. : 8. 0 : ES : a FFs 298 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. A very agreeable dish may be pre red for the table, by taking the root and dressing it as pi 5 ROSE (DAMASK.)—(Rosa Damascena.) Descrip.—This does not grow tall or large as the white, but yet taller and fuller of prickles than the red, especially about the stalk. The leaves are whiterand more hairy. The flowers are less double than the Provence Rose, the prickly. They are a pale red colour, and ofa pleasant scent. Place.—A native of France, but is common in our gardens, Time. —It blooms in June and July. Government and Virtues.—It is under the dominion of Ve nus. Botanists describe a vast number of roses, but this, and the common red rose, and the dog rose, or hip, are the only kinds regarded in medicine. ere is a syrup made from the flowers of the damask rose, infusing them twen- -four hours in boiling-water, and then straining off the liquor, adding twice the weight of refined sugar to it. This syrup is an excellent purge for children and grown people of a costive habit ; a small quantity taken every night will keep the bowels regular. There is a conserve made of the unripe flowers, which has the same properties as the syrup; there is likewise a conserve made of the fruit of the wild or dog rose, which is very pleasant, and of considerable effi for common colds and coughs. The flowers of the common red rose dried, are given in infusions, and sometimes in - der, against overflowings of the menses, spitting of blood, and other hemorrhages. There is likewise an excellent tinc- ture made from them by app, Me of boiling water on an ounce of the dried petals, and adding fifteen drops of oil of vitriol, and three or four drams of the finest sugar in pow- der, after which they are to be stirred together, and left to cool, This tincture, when strained, is of a beautiful red co- lour. It may be taken to the amount of three or four spoon- fuls, twice or three times a day, for strengthening the sto- mach, and preventing vomiting. It isa powerful and plea- sant remedy in immoderate disc of the menses, and all other ‘fluxes and hemorrhages. ‘he damask rose, on ac- count of its fragrance, belongs to the cephaltics ; but the next valuable virtue it possesses, consists in its cathartic quality. After the water, which is a good cordial, is drawn off in a hot still, the remaining liquor, strained, will make a very good purging syrup from two drams to two ounces, An infusion made of half a dram to two drams of the dried leaves, answers the same purpose, 5 r eee CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 399 ROSE (HIP.)—( Rosa Canina.) Cauiep also Wild Briar. v. This grows in the hedges, has winged leaves like garden roses, but smoother and greener ; the flowers are sin- gle of five white, and sometimes pale red leaves, when they they are followed by red seed-vessels, full of pulp, inclo ing white, cornered seed, covered with short stiff hairs. lace.—It grows every where in the hedges. Time.— It flowers in June, and the hips are fit to be ga- thered about the end of September. Government and Virtues.—This is under Jupiter. The flowers are accounted more astringent than the garden roses, and are a specific for the excess of the catamenia. The pulp of the hips has a grateful acidity, strengthens the stomac cools the heat of fevers, is pectoral, good for coughs an i of blood, and in cases where astringents are safe ; are a good i ient in compositions for the whites, too great a disc of the menses. The hips are grate- ful to the taste, and a considerable restorative, 3 to consumptive persons; the conserve is proper in all distem - pers of the breast, and in coughs and tickling rheums, The white and red roses are cooling and drying ; the bitterness in the roses when they are fresh, especially the juice, pure: es choler, and watery humours ; but being dried, and that heat which caused the bitterness being consumed, they have then a binding and astringent wn those also that are not full blown, do both cool and bind more than those that are full blown, and the white rose more than the red. The for head-ache, and pains in the eyes, ears, throat and gums; as also for the fundament, and the lower eat of the belly and the matrix, being bathed or put into them. The same decoction, with the roses remaining in it, is applied to the region of the heart to ease the inflammation therein, as also St. Anthony’s fire, and other diseases of the stomach. Being dried and beaten to powder, and taken in steeled beer or water, it helps to stay womens’ courses. The yellow threads in the middle of the roses being powdered, and drunk, in the distilled water of quinces, stays the overflowing of womens’ courses, and stays the defluxions of rheum upon the gums and preserving them from corruption, and fastening them if they be loose, if washed therewith, and some vine- gar of aquills added. The heads with the seed being used 300 OULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL in powder, or in a decoction, stays the lax and spitting of blood. Red roses strengthen the heart, the stomach, the li- ver, and the retentive faculty ; they mitigate the pains that arise from heat, cool inflammations, procure rest and sleep, stay both the whites and reds in women, the gonorrhcea, or running of the reins, and fluxes of the pon the juice purg- es and cleanses the body from choler and phlegm. The husks, with the beards and nails of the roses, are bindi and cooling, and the distilled water is good for the heat an redness in the eyes, and to stay and dry up the rheums and watering of them. The electuary of roses is purging ; two or three drams taken by itself, or in some convenient liquor, is a purge sufficient for a weak constitution, but may be in- creased to six drams, according to the strength of the pati- ent. It purges choler without trouble, and is good in hot fevers, and pains in the head, which arise from hot choleric humours, and heat of the eyes; the jaundice also, and joint- aches proceeding of hot humour. The moist conserve is of much use, both binding and cordial, for until it is about two years old, it is more binding than cordial, and after that more cordial than binding, Some of the younger conserve taken with mithridate, is good for those. troubled with de- fluxions of rheum in the eyes, and mixed with the powder of mastic, is good for gonorrhoea, and looseness of humours in the body. The old conserve mixed with aromaticum ro- sarum, is a remedy for those who faint, swoon, or are trou- bled with weakness and 0 of the heart, it strength ens both it and a weak stomach, helps digestion, are cast- ing, and is a preservative in the time of infection, The dry conserve, which is called the sugar of roses, strengthens the heart and spirits, and stays defluxions. The syrup of dried roses strengthens a stomach given to casting, cools an over- heated liver, and the blood in agues, comforts the heart, and resists putrefaction and infection, and helps to stay laxes and fluxes, Honey of roses is used in gargles and lotions to wash sores, either in the mouth, throat, or other parts, both to cleanse and heal them, and stay the fluxes of humours that fall upon them. It is used in clysters both to cool and cleanse, The cordial powders, called diarrhodon abbatis and aromati- cum rosarum, comfort and strengthen the heart and stomach, procure an appetite, help digestion, stay vomiting, and are very good for those that have slippery bowels, to strength- en them, and to dry up their moisture: red rose-water is well known, and of a similar use on all occasions, and better r FF ˙ A K r r 8 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 301 than the damask rose-water, it is cooling, cordial, refresh- ing, quickening the weak and faint spirits, used either in meats or broths, to wash the temples, to smell at the nose, or to smell the sweet vapours out of a perfume pot, or cast into a hot fire-shovel. It is of much use against the redness and inflammations of the eyes to bathe therewith, and the temples of the head. The ointment of roses is much used against heat and inflammations of the head, to anoint the forehead and temples, and if mixed with the U Populeon rest ; it is also used for the heat of the liver, the lak and reins, and to cool and heal nares wheals, and other red pimples rising in the face and other Oil of roses is 3 by itself to cool hot inflamma- or i and to bind and stay fluxes of humours to sores, and is put into ointments and plasters that are cooling and r, and restraining the flux of humours. The dried leaves of the red roses are used both outwardly and inwardly ; they cool, bind, and are cordial, for of them are made aromaticum rosarum, diarrhodon abbatis, and saccharum rosarum. “apg and mint, heated and oP: plied outwardly to the stomach, stay castings, strengthen weak rca and, applied as a fomentation to the region liver and heart, greatly cool and temper them ; over-heated spirits, and cause rest and sleep. The damask-roses, is both simple and compound, and agaric. The simple solusive p isa familiar, and easy medicine, purging choler, taken from three or four. e conserve and preserved those roses operate by mildly opening the belly. of wild roses, when ripe, are made into a conserve „of a cement taste, it binds the belly, and stays the head upon the stomach, and dries up the moisture, and helps digestion. The pulp of the hips dried to a hard 7 it may be powdered, and this 4 S* se 1 4 is 18 a 25 8 SF i and ease and help the colic ; some persons burn it then take it for the same purpose. ROSE (RED. Rosa Rubra, ) —This has lower bushes than the former; the flowers have few prickles on the stalks, and the calyx, or beards, are shorter and smoother; they are leas double than either the damask or white, having a great many yellow anthera in the middle. 302 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. Virtues.—This binds more and is more restringent than any of the other species, good against all kinds of fluxes ; it strengthens the stomach, prevents vomiting, stops tick- ling cougha, by preventing the defluxion of the rheum; and of service in consumptions ; the anthera, or apices, are ac- counted cordial. The conserve of the red buds is excellent in consumptive cases, especially in spitting of blood. The distilled water, made of the full-blown flower, is cooling, of good use in recent inflammations of the eyes, if it be dis- solved in a small quantity of rock saltpetre. Some apply the conserve for that purpose. A strong tincture, drawn from the dried red roses, makes a pleasant julep, and helps the bark in its operations, ROSE (WHITE.)—( Rosa, Alba. ) Descrip.—This tree grows taller than most other kinds of roses, having fewer prickles on the branches, and those pret- ty large ; the leaves are of a dark n colour ; the flowers white and more double, or fuller of leaves than the damask or red, having a less fragrant scent than either of them. Government and Pirtues.— This is under the Moon. The flowers only are used, bein ing, binding, and cooling; the water distilled from a ae in colly tino Sr sore inflamed eyes, it is the only officinal preparation from them. ROSEMARY.—/( Rosmarinus Offcinalis. ) Descrip.—This. rises from a long woody divided root, a little fibrous. The shrub is covered with a brown tough bark ; and the youug shoots are of a greyish green. The leaves are numerous, and of a firm substance; they are oblong, narrow, sharp- pointed, not at all indented at the edges, and of a very fragrant smell: they are of a beautiful green on the upper side, and silvery grey underneath. The flow- ers rise in great numbers from the bosom of the leaves to- ward the upper part of the branches; they are large, and of a Ly blue, bien . with white. The seeds are small and oblong. The whole plant has a fragrant and aromatic smell; it is lighter and more delicate in the flower, and stronger in the leaves. The taste is pleasant, warm, and aromatic. Place.—It is 8 plentifully in gardens. Tims. —It flowers in April and May, sometimes in August. Government and Virtues.—The Sun claims dominion over it. The decoction of Rosemary in wine, helps the cold dis- tillatious of rheums into the eyes, and other cold diseases { 1 i “a CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 3038 of the head and brain, as the. gictgiiness and swimmings therein, drowsiness or dulness, the dumb palsy, or loss of speech, the lethargy, the falling-sickness, to be both drunk and the temples bathed therewith. It helps the pains in the gums and teeth, by rheum falling into them, not by pu- causing an evil smell from them, or stinking breath. It helps a weak memory, and quickens the senses. It is very comfortable to the stomach in all the cold mala- dies thereof ; helps both the retention of meat, and diges- tion, the decoction of the powder being taken in wine. It isa 8 for the windiness in the stomach, bowels, and expels it powerfully. It helps those that are ver- grown, by opening the obstructions thereof. It helps all the diseases of the head and brain spoken of before ; as rr the case requires, for the inward diseases; yet it must be done with discretion, for it is very quick and piercing, and therefore but a little must be taken at a time. There is also another oil made by insolation in this manner: — Take what quantity you will of r ose stopped, tie a fine linen cloth over the mouth, and turn the mouth down into another strong glass, which being set in the sun, an oil will distil down into the lower glass, to be preserved as precious for divers uses, both in ward and outward, as a sovereign balsam to heal the diseases before mentioned, to clear dim sight, and take away spots, marks, and scars in the skin. Hun water is made by distilling a pure spirit from the tops of this plant; or in a coarser way, by mixing a few drops of its oil in such a spirit, 304 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. ROSEMARY (MARSH.)—(Andromeda Polifolia,) CaLLxD also Wild Cestus. eet Descrip.—This is a smaller plant than the former, but in general appearance it is somewhat like. The stalk is woody a pts rege The leaves of 4 firm — ence: they are oblong, narrow, sharp-poi not indent- ed, and of a beautiful green. The fowers are of a pale blue, variegated with white and purple. Place.—This is perennial, but not common. It issome- times found in low damp woods, and near waters. Time.—It flowers in April. Government and Virtues 5 eee is ar a is as restringent, drying, and binding, or diarrhœas au dysenteries, ae of bloadsand afi inde of hemorrhages; it fastens loose teeth, stops the bleeding of the gums, — helps the scurvy in them. RUE GARDEN.) (Ruta Graeolens) Descrip.— This is a shrubby plant, whose elder branches are tough and woody, having smooth blueish green leaves, divided into a certain number of small oval sections, which are somewhat thick and fat, and round-pointed at the end, abiding all winter. The flowers grow on the tops of the younger shoots, consisting usually of four yellow, hollow, scoop-like leaves, torn in about the edges, and having eight yellow stamina encompassing a roundish green head, cut as it were into four parts, growing and seemingl unched full of holes, containing black rough pa e root is woody, having many fibres. Place.—It is planted in gardens; the leaves and seed are used, The whole plant has a very strong scent. Time.—It generally flowers in August, Government and Virtues.—It is an herb of the Sun, and under Leo. It provokes urine and womens’ courses, if taken in meat or drink. The seed taken in wine, is an an- tidote against all dangerous medicines or deadly poisons. A decoction made with some dried dill-leaves and flowers, eases all inward pains and torments, if drunk, and out- wardly applied warm to the part affected. The same if drunk, helps the pains of the chest and sides, coughs and hardness of breathing, inflammations of the lungs, and the tormenting pains of the sciatica and the joints, if anointed, or laid to the places ; as also the shaking fits of agues, to _— ie. r OULPEPER'S COMPLETE HERBAL. 30 take a draught before the fit comes on; being boiled in oil, it is good to help the wind colic, the hardness and windi ness of the mother, and frees women from the strangling or suffocation thereof, if the parts be anointed with it ; it kills and drives forth the worms of the belly, if it be drunk after it has been boiled in wine to the half, with a little ho- ney ; it helps the gout or pains in the joints, hands, feet or knees, applied thereto ; and with figs it helps the dro sy, if bathed therewith ; being bruised and put into the nostrils, it stays the bleeding; it helps the swelling of the testicles, if bathed with the decoction and bay leaves. It takes away wheals and pimples, if bruised with a few myr- tle leaves it be made up with wax, and applied. It cures the morphew, and takes away all sorts of warts, if boiled in wine with some 1 and nitre, and the place rubbed therewith; and with almond and honey, helps the dry — ox rind. cad droped into thecars, balp or rind, an pped into the ears, he the pains of them. An ointment made of the juice with dil of roses, ceruse, and a little vinegar, and anointed, cures St, Anthony’s fire, and all running sores in the head. It helps disorders in the head, nerves, and womb, convulsions and hysteric fits, the colic, and weakness of the stomach and bowels ; it resists poison, and cures venomous bites, RUE (MEADOW or WILD.) - Thalictum Flavum.) Descrip.—This rises up with a yellow stringy root, much 2 in the ground, shooting forth new sprouts round t, with many herby green stalks, two feet high, crest- ed all the length of them, set with joints here aud there, and many leaves on them, being divided into smaller leaves, nicked or dented in the fore part of them, of a red green colour on the upper side, and pale green under- neath : toward the top of the stalk there shoots forth divers short branches, on every one whereof stand two, three, or four small heads, which breaking the skin that incloses them, shoot forth a tuft of pale greenish yellow threads, which falling away, there comes in their places small three-cornered pods, containing small, long, and round seed. The whole plant has a strong unpleasant scent. Place.—\t grows in many places of this country, in the borders of moist meadows, aud ditch-sides, Time.—It flowers about July, or beginning of August. Government and Virtuss. This herb bruised and appli- L 306 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. ed, perfectly heals old sores, and the distilled water of the herb and flowers does the like. It is used among other pot-herbs to open the body, and make it soluble ; but the roots washed clean, and boiled in ale and drank, provoke to stool more than the leaves, but yet very gently. RUGGEDWORT.—(Jacobea Hibernica.) Desorip.—Its flowers grow large and yellow in some, in others paler and ee iach The stalk is two feet high, upright, and divided into many branches. Place.—It is common on salt-marshes in Lincolnshire Time.—It flowers in July. Government and Virtues.—It is under the Moon. The juice taken in wine, or the decoction drank morning and evening, helps the jaundice, but all other drink must be avoided for three hours after the dose is taken. Added to centaury and succory, it helps the dropsy and the diseases of the spleen. It is also good for inward bleeding and the bloody- flux, and it is a good wound-herb. RU PTURE-WORT.—(Herniaria Vulgaris.) Descrip.—This spreads very many thready branches round about on the ground, about a span long, divided into many other smaller parts full of joints set very thick together, whereon come two verys leaves of a French yellow, and green coloured branches, where grow forth also a number of exceeding small ba agp flowers, scarce to be discerned from the stalks and leaves, which turn into seeds as small as dust. The root is very ree dere small, thrusting deep into the ground. This has neither smell or taste at first, afterwards it has an astringent taste, without any manifest heat, yet a little bitter and sharp withal. Place.—It grows in dry, sandy, and rocky places. Time.—It is green all summer, but flowers in July. Government and Virtues.—It is Saturn’s own, and is a noble anti-venerean, found by experience to cure rupture also, not only in children, but older persons, if the disease be not too inveterate, by taking a dram of the powder of the dried herb, every day in wine, or a decoction made and drank for some days together. The juice or distilled water of the green herb, taken in the same manner, helps all other fluxes either in man or woman ; vomitings also, and the gonorrhoea, being taken auy of the ways aforesaid. It helps those that bave the strangury, or are troubled with 77700 AAA 3 — CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 307 the stone or gravel in the reins or bladder. The same also helps stitches in the sides, griping pains of the stomach or belly, the obstructions of the liver, and cures the yel- low-jaundice ; it likewise kills worms in children. Bein outwardly applied, it conglutinates wounds notably, an helps much to stay defluxions of rheum from the head to the eyes, nose, and teeth, being bruised green, and bound thereto ; or the forehead, prone, Si or the nape of the neck behind, bathed with the decoction of the dried herb. It also dries up the fistulous ulcers or any other that are foul and spreading. RUSH (SQUINANTH.)—(Juncus Odoratus.) Descrip.—Though this is commonly called a Rush, yet it is a species of grass, whose leaves grow thick together, in- ing one another, having a small fibrous root; they are long and narrow, of a pleasant sweet smell. The stalks grow a foot or more high, bearing pannicles of short woolly spikes, set opposite to one another. It grows in Arabia, and other eastern countries. The flowers only are used. Government and Virtwes.—All rushes are under Saturn. This is heating and drying, opening obstructions of the liver and spleen, and provoking the catamenia; it eases the pain of the womb after child-bearing, provokes urine, cleanses the reins, and helps the hiccough, occasioned by wind in the stomach. It is an ingredient in the two compositions, Theriaca Andromachi, and Mithridate, RUSHES.—(Juncus.) Avrnoues there are several kinds, yet those which hs ve most medicinal virtues, and are best known, such as the Bulrushes, and some of the smoother sorts, ought to be selected. These grow commonly in almost every part of this country, and a description of them is needless, Place.—They grow by the sides of watery ditches issu- from the es, and in the marshes near Blackwall. ime.— They flower from July to September. Virtues.—The seed of the soft kind, if drank in wine and water, stays laxes and womens’ courses, when they come down abundantly ; but it causes head-ache, and provokes sleep, and must be given with caution. The root boiled in water, to the consumption of one third, helps the cough. 308 CULPEPER'S COMPLETE HERBAL, RUSHY GLONDE, or AWL-WORT.—(Subdularia | Aquatica.) Descrip.—This grows from a root composed of long and thick fibres. The leaves are long, slender, and sharp-point- ed; they stand upright, and are of a deep green, and very rough and harsh to the touch: they are rounded on the et 4 and flat on the upper side, biggest at the bottom, and smallest at the extremity. The stalk is slender and green, there are no leaves on it, but single white flowers at dis- tances, four-leaved, greenish white, seldom quite open. Place.—It is found at the bottom of fish-ponds in the northern parts of England and Wales. Time.—It flowers in August. Government and Virtwes.—This isa Lunar plant. The flowers are seldom used, but the leaves are put in cooling ointments, being good for burns, inflammations, and hot swellings, and are an ingredient in the Unguentwm Populson. RVE. —(Secale Cereale.) Descrip.— Farmers cultivate the Winter Rye, which has the largest grain. In many of the northern counties rye and wheat are often mixed and sown together. Place.—It is generally sown and thrives best in poor, limestone, dry, gravelly, and sandy soils. Time.—It is sown in autumn, and rises in a much short- er time than wheat. Virtues.—It is more e than wheat; the bread and the leaven of it ripens and breaks imposthumes, boils, and other swellings ; the meal put between a double cloth, and moistened with a little vinegar, and heated in a pew- ter-dish, set over a chafing-dish of coals, and bound fast to the head while it is hot, eases continual pains therein, SAFFRON.—(Crocus Sativus.) Descrip.—The plant that produces the true Saffron has a round bulbous root, the size of a nutmeg, flatted at bot- tom, from which spring several white fibres ; it is covered outwardly with a yellowish brown skin, but is white in the inside. From this root arise the flowers, inclosed in a thin skin or husk, being naked and without stalks, made up of six long, but roundish-pointed, purple leaves, inclosing in their middle three stamina, of a fiery, yellow, red colour : which being gathered, and carefully dried in a Saffron- kiln, be take Ores sale is sold in shops. a CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 309 Place.—It grows in various parts of the world, but it is no better than that which grows in England. At present it grows plentifully in Cambri eshire. Time. The n-flowers bloom in September; but the leaves come not forth till the spring. Government and Virtues.—It is an herb of the Sun, and under the Lion. Not above ten grains must be given at one time ; a cordial if taken in an immoderate quantity, hurts the heart instead of helping it. It quickens the brain; helps consumptions of thelungs, and difficulty of breathing, it is excellent in epidemical diseases, as pestilence, salt pox, and measles. It is a notably expulsive medicine, and a good remedy in the yellow-jaundice. It is a useful aro- matic, of a strong penetrating smell, and a warm, pungent, bitterish taste. It is said to be more cordial, and exhilar- ating than any of the other aromatics, and is particularly serviceable in disorders of the breast in female obstruc- tions, and hysteric depressions. Saffron is endowed with 8 virtues, for it refreshes the spirits, and is good against inting- fits and the palpitation of the heart; it strength- ens the stomach, helps digestion, cleanses the lungs, and is good in coughs. It is said to open obstructions of the vis- cera, and is good in hysteric disorders. However, the use of it ought to be moderate and reasonable ; for when the dose is too large, it produces a heaviness of the head and sleepiness ; some have fallen into an immoderate convul- sive laughter, which ended in death. A few grains of this is commonly a dose, though some have prescribed it from half a scruple to a scruple and a half. SAFFRON (MEADOW.)—(Colchicum Autumna/e.) Descrip.—This has a large roundish root, and the leaves are numerous, long, and, when fully expanded, very broad; 2 naturally appear at a different time from the flower; if any chance to rise with it they are narrower. The flower rises out of the ground without any stalk, its own tubular base serving for that purpose; it is very large, and of a pale, but elegant purple. The segments are naturally i sometimes they are found double that number ; aad sometimes, instead of an uniform purple, the flower is streaked with white, or is white throughout. Place It is commonly found in meadows. Time.—It blooms in September. Government and Virtues.—It is under Saturn, Indies $10 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. creetly used, this root is poisonous, A single grain only being swallowed by a person in health, by way of experi- ment, produced heat in the stomach, and soon after flush- ing heats in various parts of the body, with frequent shi- verings, which were followed by colicky pains, afterwhich an itching in the loins and urinary passages was perceived, and presently there came a continued inclination to make water, with a tremour, pain in the head, great thirst, a very quick pulse, and other disagreeable symptoms. Not- withstanding these symptoms, it is, when properly prepar- ed, a safe, but powerful medicine ; the best way of doing this is to make it into a kind of syrup, by digesting an ounce of the roots, sliced thin, ina pint of white-wine vinegar, over a gentle fire, for the space of forty-eight hours, and then mixing two pounds of honey with the strained liquor, and letting it boil gently afterwards till it comes to a proper consistence, his syrup is agreeably acid, gently bites the tongue, is moderately be n, and excellent for cleansing the tongue from mucus, In an in- creased dose, it vomits, and sometimes purges, but its most common operation is by urine, for which it isa remarka- bly re ul medicine. The dose at first should be but small, half a tea-spoonfnl twice or three times a day is enough to begin with, and the quantity may be gradually increased, as the stomach wiil bear it, or the case may require. It has been given with the most astonish- ing success in dropsies and tertian agues ; and it frequent- ly succeeds as an expectorant, when all other means fail. SAFFRON (WILD,) on SAFFLOWER.—(Carthamus Tinctori a us.) Descrip.—This is an annual plant, having a small woody root which does not run deep in the earth. The lower leaves are pretty broad, long, and round- pointed; the stalk grows to be two or three feet high, cornered, and without prick- les, branching into sevice divisions towards the top ; be- set with lesser leaves an inch broad, and two inches long, inted, and having a few, not very hard, prickles grow- 10 on them. The flowers stand on the heads of the branch- es, consisting of round scaly heads, having a few spinula 8 out of them, out of the middle of which spring rums of a Saffron - coloured fistular flowers, succeeded by white-cornered, longish seed, narrow at one end. Place.—It is sown in fields and gardens. — — ä — — = a OULPEPER’s COMPLETE HERBAL. $11 Time. It flowers in July. The flower is called Safflow. er. The seed only is used in the shops. Government and Virtues.—It is Saturnine, and account- ed a pretty strong cathartic, evacuating tough viscid _ phlegm, both upwards and downwards, and by that means clears the lungs and helps phthisis. SAGE (COMMON GARDEN.) (Salvia Oficinalis.) Descrip.—This is a shrubby plant found in every garden, and is well known to have 2 rough, wrinkled leaves, sometimes of a hoary green, and sometimes of a reddish colour, of a pretty strong smell: the flowers grow on stalks set on verticillatim in spikes ; they are and ed having the galea — and hollow, and the broad, of a blueish purple colour, set in clammy ca- lices; in the bottom of which grow four smooth round seeds. Piace.—It is planted in gardens. | Time.—It flowers in May. Leaves and flowers are used. Government and Pirtues.— Jupiter claims this; and it is for the liver and to breed blood. A decoction of the ves and branches made and drank provokes urine, ex- pels the dead child, bri down womens’ courses, and causes the hair to become black. It stays the bleeding of wounds, and cleanses foul ulcers or sores. Three spoon- fuls of the juice taken fasting, with a little honey, stays the spitting or casting of blood of those in consumptions. These pills are much commended :—Take of spikenard, ginger, of each two drams ; of the seed of Sage toasted at the fire, eight drams; all these being brought into powder, * as much of the juice of Sage as may e them a mass of pills, take a dram of them every mornin and night, fasting, and drink a little pure water afterward. It is profitable for all kinds of pains in the head coming of cold and rheumatic humours; as also for all pains of the joints, whether inwardly or outwardly, and helps falling- sickness, the le , lowness of spirits, and the palsy ; it is also useful in defluxions of rheum in the head, and for diseases of the chest or breast. The leaves and nettles if bruised and laid upon the imposthumes that rise behind the ears, assuages them much, The juice taken in warm water, helps hoarseness and acough. The leaves sodden in wine, and laid upon the place affected with the palsy, — 7 much, if the decoction be drunk also: taken wormwood is good for the bloody- flux. It helps $12 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL the memory, warmiug and quickening the senses; and the conserve made of the flowers is used for the same pur and also for all the former recited diseases. The eue if drank with vinegar, is good for the plague. Gargles are made with Sage, rosemary, honeysuckles, and plautain, boiled in wine or water, with some honey or alum added, to wash sore mouths and throats. Sage is boiled with other hot and comforting herbs, to bathe the body and the legs in the summer-time, especially to warm cold joints or sinews, troubled with the palsy and cramp, and to comfort and strengthen the parts. It is recommended against the stitch, or pains in the side coming of wind, if the place be fomented warm with the decoction thereof in wine, and the herb also after boiling be laid warm thereunto. SAGE (SMALL,) on SAGE OF VIRTUE.—(Saivta 7 Minor Virtutis.) Descrip.—This is smaller than the other sages, having less, narrower, and smoother leaves, of a whitish hoary green colour, with two small pieces or ears growing on them next the stalk, which in some plants are wanting, in others but on one side. It is milder in scent than the com- mon, and has smaller flowers, but of the same colour, flow- ering at the same time, and is also planted in gardens. Government and Virtues.—It is under Venus, and has the same virtues as the wood sage. An infusion operates powerfully by sweat and urine, and removes female ob- structions, The expressed juice drunk for a considerable time is excellent against rheumatic pains ; and was for- merly celebrated against venereal diseases, but since the introduction of mercury, its use has been set aside. SAGE (WOOD.)—(Salvia Agrestis. ) Descrip.—This rises with square hoary stalks, two feet high, with two leaves set at every joint, like other sage- leaves, but smaller, softer, whiter, and rounder, a little dented about the edges, and smelling somewhat stronger. At the tops of the stalks and branches stand the flowers, on a slender spike, turning themselves all one way when they bloom, and are of a paler and whiter colour, smaller than sage, but hooded and gaping like unto them. The seed is blackish and round ; the root is long and stringy, with divers fibres thereat, and abides many years. Place.—It grows in woods, and by wood-sides ; as also in divers fielda and bye-lanes in England. CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 215 who by falls, bruises, or blows, suspect some vein to be * brok i id the congealed blood, and to consolidate the veins. The drink used inwardly, and the herb used outwardly, is found to be a sure reme- for the palsy. The juice of the herb, or the powder of it is good for moist ulcers and sores in the legs, and other parts, to dry and heal them more speedily. It is no less effectual in green wounds, to be used upon any occasion. SALTWORT.—/( Salsola Kali.) Cavep also Kali, Glasswort, Sea Grass, and Marsh Sam- phire. eee —This plant grows usually with one upright, round, thick, and almost transparent stalk, a foot high: or more; thick set and full of joints, without 2 leaves; the joints ing forth one out of another, with short pods at the heads of them, and such like smaller branches on each side which are divided into smaller ones; the root is small, long and thready. Some other kinds there are dif- ing somewhat in the form of the joints, and one kind reddish, and differing from the other in nothing else. There are four kinds of Saltwort, or Glasswort, viz: I. Kali Majus Cochleatum. Great Glasswort, with snail- 3 2. — arene yy apes Syrah 3. i Aigyptiacum, Glass wort o 4. Kali Gen- ticulatum, sive Salicornia, Jointed wort. Place. The first and third are absolute strangers in this country, but grow in Syria, Egypt, Italy, and Spain: the second, not only grows in those countries but in colder cli- mates, upon many parts of our own rican x po in the west. The last grows iv all countries, including our own, on the sea-coast where the salt-water flows. Time.—They all flourish in summer, and those that die give their about August ; the last abides all winter. Government and Virtues.—They are under the dominion of Mars, and are of a cleansing quality, without any or manifest heat ; the powder of any of them. or the juice, * 314 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL which is much better, taken in drink, purges downwards phlegmatically, whitish, melancholy, and adust humours, and is effectual for the dropsy, to provoke urine, and ex- pel the dead child. It opens stoppings of the liver and and spleen, and wastes the hardness thereof ; but it must be used with discretion, as a great quantity is hurtful and dangerous, The ashes are sharp snd biting, like a caustic, and the lye that is made thereof is so strong that it will fetch off the skin from any part of the body ; but it may be mixed with other moderate medicines, to take away scabs, leprosy, and to cleanse the skin. SAMPHIRE (PRICKLY.)—/( Zchinophora Spinosa. ) CALLED also Sea Fennel. Dascrip.— It is a much lower plant than the common Fennel, having, broader, shorter, thicker leaves, of a dull green colour; the stalk grows scarcely a foot high, havin the like leaves on it ; and on the top it bears umbels ot small yellowish flowers, and after them roundish seed, like fennel seed, but larger. The root is thick and long, con- tinuing several years. It has an aromatic smell and taste. Place. It grows on rocks by the sea-side, in many parts of England, as in Lancashire, Sussex, and Faversham. Government and Virtues.—This is a martial plant, and is more agreeable as a pickle than useful as a medicine. It is, however, strengthening to the stomach, and procures an appetite, provokes urine, opens obstructions of the bowels, and helps the jaundice. SAMPHTRE (ROCK or SMALL.)—({Crithmum Maritimum.) rn grows up with a tender stalk about a half yard or two feet high at the most, branching forth al- most from the bottom, and stored with sundry thick and almost round leaves, of a deep green colour, sometimes two together, and sometimes more on a stalk, sappy, and of a leasant hot and spicy taste. At the tops of the stalks and tpi 1 stand umbels of white flowers, and after them come the seed larger than fennel-seed, but somewhat like it. The root is great, white, and long, continuing for many years ; and is of a hot and spicy taste likewise. Place.—It grows on rocks that are washed by sea-water. Nima. —It a and seeds in July and August. Government and Virtues.—It is an herb of Jupiter, and was formerly used more than it is now. It is well-known CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 315 that indigestion and obstructions are the cause of most of the diseases that the frail nature of man is subject to; both of which might be remedied by a more frequent use of this herb. It is safe, very pleasant both to the taste and stomach, helping digestion, and opening obstructions of the liver and spleen ; provokes urine, and helps to take away the gravel and stone engendered in thekidneys or bladder. SANICLE.—(Sanicula Europea.) Descrip.—It sends forth many round leaves, standing on long brownish stalks, every one divided into five or six some of them cut like a crow’s-foot, and finely dent- ed about the edges, smooth, and of a dark shining colour, and sometimes reddish about the brims; from among which rise up small, round green stalks, without any joint or leaf thereon, except at the top, where it branches forth into flowers, having a leaf divided into three or four 8 at that joint with the flowers, which are small round green- ish yellow heads, many standing together in a tuft, in which afterwards the seeds are contained, which are small round burs, somewhat like the leaves of Cleavers, and stick in the same manner upon any thing that they touch. The root is composed of many blackish fibres, set together in a ey head, which abides green all the winter, and dies not. lace.—It is found in many shady woods, and other places of England. Time.—It flowers in June, the seed is ripe shortly after. eueren and Pirtues.— Mars owns this e t heals green wounds speedily, or any ulcers, imposthumes, or in- ward bleedings, also tumours on any parts of tbe body; the decoction or powder in drink taken, aud the juice outwardly, dissipates the humours; and there is not found any herb that can give such present help either to man or beast, when the disease falls upon the lungs or throat, and to heal up putrid malignant ulcers in the mouth, throat, and privities, by gargling with a decoction of the leaves and roots made in water, and a little honey put thereto. It helps to stay womens’ courses, and all other fluxes of blood, either by the mouth, urine, or stool, and laxes of the belly ; the ulcerations of the kidneys also, the pains in the bowels, and gonorrhcea, or running of the reins, being boiled in wine or water, and drunk. | 316 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL SARACEN’S CONSOUND, or GREAT BROAD.- LEAVED RAGWORT.—(Senecito Saracenicus.) Descrip.—This is a robust conspicuous plant, which rises sometimes to five feet high; brownish or green stalks, with narrow green leaves snipped about the edges, somewhat like those of the peach tree, or willow leaves, but not of so light a green. The stalk spreads at the top, and is fur- nished with many yellow star-like flowers, which grow in a cup that is fringed, or surrounded with short leaves at the bottom. The seed is long, small, and of a brown co- lour, wrapped in down; and, when ripe, is carried away with the wind. The root consists of fibres set together at a head, which survives the winter, although the stalks dry away, and the leaves then disappear. The taste and smell of the whole plant is raw and unpleasant. Place.—This perennnial commonly grows in the mea- dows of Yorkshire and Wiltshire, in moist and wet lands, by wood-sides, and sometimes by the water-side. Time.— It flowers in July : the seed is soon ripe; and is carried away with the wind. Government and Viriwes.—This is an herb of Saturn. It is balsamic and diuretic. If boiled in wine, and drank, it helps the indisposition of the liver, and frees the gall from obstructions ; whereby it is good for the yellow-jaundice, and for the dropsy in the beginning of it ; for all inwara ulcers of the reins, mouth or throat, and inward wounds and bruises; likewise for such sores as happen in the privy of men or women: being steeped in wine, and then istilled, the water thereof drank, is singularly good to ease all guawings of the stomach, or other pains of the body; as also the pains of the mother: and being boiled in wa- ter, it helps continual agues ; and the said water, or the simple water of the noah: distilled, or the juice or decoc- tion, are very effectual to heal any green wound, or old sore or ulcer whatsoever, cleansing them from corruption, and quickly healing them up: briefly, whatsoever has been said of Bugle or Sanicle, may be found herein. SARSAPARILLA.—(Smilax Sarsaparilla. ) Descrip.—This is 1eckoned among the sorts of prickly Bindweeds, of which there are three sorts: one with red berries, another with black berries, and athird with large leaves, of an oval figure, very entire on the edges, smooth and shining on the surface, of a dark green colour, and sup- CULPEPER'S COMPLETE HERBAL 317 ported on shortish leaf-stalks. The flowers are small, and of a yellowish colour. Place. — The two first grow in Italy, Spain, and other warm couutries, throughout Europe and Asia. The third is found only in the West Indies. Time. —It has ripe berries early in hot countries. Government and Virtues.—These are all plants of Mars; of a healing quality howsoever used. Both leaves and ber- ries, being drunk before or after taking any deadly poison, are an excellent antidote. If the juice of the berries be iven to a new-born child, it shall never be hurt by poison. t is good 2 all sorts of venomous things. Twelve or sixteen of the berries, beaten to powder, and given in wine, procure urine when it is stop The distilled wa- ters, when drank, have the same effect, cleanses the reins and inward inflammations. If the eyes be wash - ed there with, it heals them thoroughly. The true Sarsa- —.— is held generally not to heat, but rather to dry the umours; yet it is easily perceived, that it not only dries them but wastes them away by a secret property, chiefly that of sweating, which it greatly promotes. It is used in many kinds of diseases, particularly in cold fluxes from the and braiu, rheums, and catarrhs, and cold griefs of the stomach, as it expels wind powerfully. It helps all manner of aches in the sinews or joints, all running sores in the legs, all phlegmatic swellings, tetters, or ringworms, and all manner of spots and fouluess of the skin. It is reckoned a great sweetener of the blood,and has been found of service in venereal cases. Infants who have received the infection from their nurses, though covered with pustules aud ulcers, may be cured by the use of this root without the help of mercurials; and the best way of administering it to them is to mix the powdered root with their food. SAUCE-ALONE (JACK-BY-THE-HEDGE, or COM- MON GARLIC CRESS.)—(Al/iaria Oficinalis.) Descrip.—The lower leaves of this are rounder than those that grow towards the top of the stalks, and are set singly on a joint, being somewhat round and broad, point- ed at the ends, dented also about the edges, somewhat re- *sembling nettle-leaves in the form, but of a freshe. green colour, not rough or prickling ; the flowers are white, at the top of the stalks, one above another which being past, follow small round pods, wherein are coutained round seed somewhat blackish. he rout striugy and thready, per- $18 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. ishes every year after it has given seed, and raises itself again of its own sowing. The plant, or any thereof, if bruised, smells of garlic, but more pleasantly, and tastes somewhat hot and wet almost like rocket. Place.—It grows under walls, and by hedge-sides, and path-ways in fields in many places, Time.—It flowers in June, July, and August. Government and Virtues.—It is an . It warms the stomach, and causes digestion: the juice boiled with honey, is as good as hedge- mustard for thecough, to cut and expectorate the tough phlegm. The seed bruised and boiled in wine, is a remedy for the wind colic, or the stone, if drank warm: it is given to women troubled with the mother, both to drink, and the seed put into a cloth, and applied while it is warm, is of singular good use. The leaves also, or the seed boiled, is good to be used in clys- ters to ease the pains of the stone. The green leaves are held to be good to heal the ulcers in the legs. SAVINE.—( Sabina Juniperus.) Descrip.—This is a small evergreen shrubby tree, hav- ing its branches set close together, clothed with short, nar- row, somewhat vee leaves, almost resembling cypress, of a very strong smell ; among these, after the tree is old, and has stood long in a place, grow small mossy greenish flowers, which are succeeded by small flattish berries, less than those of Juniper, of the same blackish blue colour. Place.—Though it does not grow naturally in England, yetit is planted in gardens, where it seldom produces fruit, and has therefore generally been reputed barren. Government inl Virtwes.—It is under the dominion of Mars, being hot and dry, in the third de ; and being of exceeding clean parts, it is of a very digesting quality, It is hot and dry, opening and attenuating, and a power- ful provoker of the catamenia, causing abortion, and ex- lling the birth ; it is good to destroy worms in children. e juice mixed with milk, and sweetened with sugar, is an excellent medicine for that purpose: beaten into a cat- aplasm with hog’s-lard, it cures children’s scabby heads. It is a most powerful detersive, and has so violent an effect upon the uterine passages if used imprudently, that wick- women have employed it to very ill purposes, It is a very fine opener of obstructions of any kind, whence in compositions for the jaundice. dropsy, scurvy, rheumatism, ti, CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 819 Co., it makes a very useful ingredient. It is also an enemy to worms, and its chymical oi! rubbed upon and about the navel of children. has often had a wonderful efféct in expelling them. It deserves the regard of surgeons, as it is a very ne scourer and cleanser of old sordid stinking ulcers, either used in lotions, fomentations, ointments, or even the powder mixed with honey. SAVORY (SUMMER.)—(Satureia Hortensis.) Descrip.—This has small stringy roots, from which rise a wre many woody branches, eight or nine inches high, a little hairy, having two long, narrow leaves at a joint, narrowest next the stalk. The flowers grow next the tops in small whorles, of a whitish colour, with a blush of red, — and labiated, set in five-pointed calices, contain- g four small dark brown seeds, Piace.—\t is sown in gardens. Time,—It flowers in June. The leaves and tops are used. There is another species of Savory, which is sometimes used, viz. SAVORY (WINTER.)—(Satureia Montana.) eee is more woody and shrubby than the for mer, with leaves like hyssop, stiffer and harder, and seem- ingly pierced full of holes, and ending in spinule : the flow- ers are of the colour of the former, and the seed much alike Place.—This is likewise cultivated in gardens. Government and Virtues.—They are both under Mercury, being heating, drying,and earminative, expelling wind from the stomach and bowels, and are good in asthma, and other affections of the breast; they open obstructions of the womb, and promote menstrual evacuations. Winter Sa- vory isa remedy for the colic and iliac passion; keep it dry, e conserves and syrups of it for your use; for whi the Summer kind is the best. This kind is both hotter and drier than the Winter kind, and is much commended for p t women to take inwardly, and to smell often unto. It expels tough phl from the cheat and lungs ; quickens the dull spirits in the lethargy, if the juice be snuffed up the nose ; dropped into the eyes it clears them of thin cold humours proceeding from the brain. The juice heated with oil of roses, dropped into the ears, eases them of the noises in them, and deafness also ; outwardly — with wheat flour, as a poultice, it eases sciatica and members. It eases pain fromstings of wasps, beva, &c. $20 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. SAWWORT (COMMON.)—(Serratula Tinctoria.) Descrip.— This has a white fibrous root. The first leaves are undivided, oblong, broad, of a beautiful green ; some- times deeply cut in a pinnated form; they vary upon the stalks, being in some plants undivided, and in others very deeply jagged, while the species is the same. In both forms they are regularly notched on the edges. The stalk is round, upright, and slender, about two feet high. The flowers are in small heads, of a fine purple; but the poverty of some soils produce them quite white. The seeds are oblong and large. Place.—It is common about woods. Time.—It flowers in August. Government and Virtues,—This is under Saturn, and is vulnerary and astringent. It has a little sourish, styptic taste. It is very drying and binding, useful for diarrhea and dysentery, the fuxcus 3 excess of catamenia and fluor albus, and against vomiting and spitting of blood. SAXIFRAGE (GREAT BURNET.)—(Pimpinella Sdæifraga Major.) Descrip.—The root is thick at the head, spreading into several branches, growing deep in the earth, of a whitish colour, and a hot taste, from which spring several pinnated leaves, having three or four pinne, set 8 with an odd one at the end; they are hard in handling. The stalk is about a 2 high, stiff, jointed, and full of branches, clothed with narrower leaves, with umbels of white flowers at the ends, followed by very small, dark brown, striated Place.—It grows in gravelly places, especially in Kent. Time.—The seed is aos in July. Government and Virtues.—It is under the Moon. The root is hot and dry, expelling wind, good for the colic, and weakness of the stomach ; they are diuretic, useful against the stone, gravel,and scurvy. It has the properties of the parsleys, but eases pains and provokes urine more effect - ally. The roots or seed used either in powder or decoction, helps the mother, procures the courses, removesphlegm, and cures venom, &c. The distilled water, boiled with casto- reum, is good for cramps and convulsions, and the seed used in comfits (like carraway seeds) will answer the same purpose. The juice of the herb dropped into bad wounds iz the head, dries up their moisture, and heals them. CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. $2] SAXIFRAGE (SMALL BURNET.)—(Pimpinella Saxifraga Minor.) ee Descrip.—This hasa round, slender root, divided into se- veral reddish branches, among which are found certain red grains, which are called wild cochineal. The stalksare red, angular, and branched; the leaves are oblong or roundish, dented on the edges, in pairs on the ribs. The flowers grow at 5 6720 18 as Lever: 10 round ear and 8 of a i ivided into four parts, of a purple colour; in rs middle is a tuft of long stamina; the 2 5 are of two sorts, one barren, furnished with stamina, the other fruit- ful, having a pistil. This is succeeded by a quadrangular fruit generally pointed at both ends, of an ash-colour when ripe, containing oblong, slender reddish-brown seeds, with an astringent and somewhat bitter taste. Place.—It resembles true Saxifrage in its wild state, for which it is often mistaken. It is cultivated in gardens. Time. It flowers about the end of June, and the seed is ripe about August. Government and Pirtues.— I is under the dominion of the Moon. The whole plaut is binding ; the leaves put into wine give ita flavour and the young shoots make a good salad. It is a cordial and promoter of sweat. The root dried and powdered, 3 purgings; and a strong de- coction of 1 e juice of the rte good Wr “phe same purposes. In the composition of the Syrupus Althee it is generally used instead of the Great Burnet Saxifrage. SAXIFRAGE (WHITE.)—(Sazifraga Alba.) ip.—This has a few small reddish kernels of roots covered with some skins, lying among small blackish fibres, which send forth round, faint, or yellow green leaves, and — underneath, lying above the ground, unevenly ted about the edges, and somewhat hairy, every ove on a little footstalk, from whence rise up round, brown, hairy, stalks, two or three feet high, with such like round ves as grow below, but smaller, and branched at the top, whereon stand pretty large white flowers of five leaves vpiece, with some yellow threads in the middle, standing in a long crested, brownish, green husk. After the flowers are passed, there rises a round hard head, forked at the 2 wherein is contained small black seed, but they often | away without seed, and it is the kernels of the root that are usually called the White Saxifrage-seed, and so used, 322 OULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL Place,—It grows in many places of this country, as well in the lower, as in the upper dry corners of meadows, and sandy tape places, Time.—It flowers in May, and then gathered, as well for that which is called the seed, as to distil, for it quickly per- ishes down to the 9 when any hot weather comes. Governmeniand Virtues.—This is governed by the Moon. It is very effectual to cleanse the reins and bladder, and to dissolve the stone engendered in them, and to expel it and the gravel by urine; to help the strangury; for which pur- pose the decoction of the heh or roots in white wine, is most useful, or the powder of the small kernelly root, taken in white wine, or in the same decoction made with white wine, is most usual. The distilled water of the whole her, root and flowers, is most familiar to be taken. It provokes womens’ courses, and frees and cleanses the stomach and lungs from thick and tough phlegm that troubles them. There is no better medicine n. this to break the stone. SAXIFRAGE (WILD, on MEADOW.)—/(Seselis Pratense Carnifolia. ) Descrip.—The root is about a finger thick, striking dee in the ground, of a brownish colour on the outside, whitis within, of a hot aromatic taste and smell; and from which spring several winged leaves, not very large, cut into long narrow segments. The stalks are channelled, rising about two feet high, beset with smaller leaves, and having on their tops umbels of pale, yellow, small five-leaved flowers, and after them come short striated reddish brown seeds, Place.—It grows common in meadows and pasture lands, Time.—It flowers in August. Virtwes.—The root, herb, and seed are used, being all accounted good to provoke urine, and serviceable in gravel, and distempers of the kidneys ; as also in expelling wind. There is another more slender Saxifrage, with smaller flowers, white also, but has larger leaves of a deep green. It differs in nothing else from the former. Place.—It grows in meadows and damp pastures. Time.—It flowers in May and June. Virtues.—This little plant is an excellent diuretic ; an infusion of the whole plant operates powerfully and safely by urine, and clears the passages from gravel, CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HEXsac. 323 SCABIOUS (DEVIL'S BIT.)—(Scabiosa Succisa.) Cano also The Blue Devil's Bit. v. The lower leaves are rough and hairy, four or five inches long, an inch or more broad, sometimes deeply cut in, and often almost whole, without any incisions, on breaking asunder, drawing out into long threads. The stalks grow to be two or t feet high, round and hairy, having two smaller and more finely cut leaves set at a joint, and on their tops are placed the flowers, which are of a fine cerulean blue. | Place.—It may be found in dry fields, but it is not 80 plentiful as the Field Scabious. SCABIOUS (FIELD.)—( Knautia Arvensis.) Descrip.—This rises with many hairy, soft, whitish green leaves, some a little torn on the edges, others much rent on the sides, and have threads, which are seen upon breaking, from which rise up hairy green stalks, three or four feet high, with such like hai EE leaves on them, but more deeply and finely divided, ranched forth a little ; at the tops, which are naked of leaves for a good space, stand round heads of flowers, of a pale blueish colour, set toge- ther in a head, the outermost are larger than the inward, with many threads in the middle, flat at the top, as is the head with the seed; the root is great, white and thick, grow- ing down deep into the ground, and abides many years. Place.—It grows in meadows, especially about London. SCABIOUS (LESSER FIELD.)—(Scabiosa Columbaria.) Tuis is like the Devil's Bit but smaller. The Corn Sca- bious ne ey in all respects than the Field, its flowers are more inclined to purple. The roots creep under the upper crust of the earth, not so deep as the the first one does. Place.—It grows in standing corn, or fallow- fields. Time.—It flowers in June and J uly, and some abide flowering until it be late in August ; and the seed is ripe in the mean time. Government and Virtues.—Mercury owns the plant. It is effectual for all sorte of coughs, shortness of breath, and all other diseases of the breast and lungs, ripening and digesting cold phlegm, and other tough humour, voidin them forth by coughing and spitting ; it ripens all sorts foward ulcers and imposthumes ; flav a also, if the de- 321. OULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. coction of the herb dry or green be made in wine, aud drank for some time together. If four ounces of the juice be taken in a morning, fasting, with a dram of mithridate, or Venice treacle, it will free the heart from any infection of pestilence, after taking it the party should get a two hours’ sweat in bed; repeat this medicine as often as necessary. The green herb bruised and applied to any carbuncle or plague sore, will dissolve and break it in three hours, The same decoction drank, helps the pains and stitches in the side. The decoction of the roots taken for forty days toge- ther, or a aram of the powder of them taken at a time in whey, helps those that are troubled with running or spread- ing ulcers, tetters, or ringworms. The juice or decoction drank, helps also scabs and breakings out of the itch, and the like. The juice made into an ointment and used, ir effectual for the same purpose. The same also heals all in- ward wounds by the drying, cleansing, and healing quality therein ; and a syrup made of the juice and sugar, is very effectual to all the purposes aforesaid, and so is the distill- ed water of the herb and flowers made in due season, espe- cially to be used when the green herb is not in force to be taken. The decoction of the herb and roots outwardly ap- plied, helps all sorts of hard and cold swellings in any part of the body, is good for shrunk sinews or veins, and heals green wounds, old sores and ulcers. The juice made up with the powder of borax and samphire, cleanses the skin of the face and other parts of the body, not ouly of freck- les and pimples, but also of morphew and leprosy; the head washed with the decoction, cleanses it from dan- druff, scurf, sores, itch, and the like, used warm. The herb bruised and applied, in a short time loosens and draws out any splinter, or broken bone lying in the flesh. SCAMMONY or GREAT WHITE BINDWEED.— (Convolvulus Sepium.) Descrip.— This is a pernicious weed for the gardener. Its roots creep under the earth to a great distance ; they are larger than those of couch-grass, and would be more easily destroyed if they were not sobrittle. The flowers are snowy white, some of a flesh or rose-colour, with a tint of 33 Place. It grows most frequently in the Isle of Wight. Government and Pirtues.— This is the plant which pro- duces the Scammony. It does not grow so large here as abroad, The concrete juice of the root is the Scammony of CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HY¥RBAL. 325 the shops. The best Scammony is black, resinous, and shin- ing, when in the lump, but of a whitish ash-colour, when powdered, of a pretty strong smell, but of no very hot taste, turning milky, when touched by the tongue. The smallness of our English root prevents the juice be- ing collected as the foreign; but an extract made from the juice of the roots, or any preparation of them, have the same purgative quality, only in less degree. SCIATICA-WORT, on SCIATICA-GRASS.—(Card mantice. ) Descrip.—The lower leaves are two or three inches long, and about half an inch broad, indented pretty deeply on the edges, growing on long footstalks. The upper leaves are long and narrow, not cut in, and set on without foot- ‘stalks; it rises about a foot high, branched, and bearing on the top spikes of small, white, four-leaved flowers, suc- weeded by round seed-vessels, containing small reddish seed: the root is woody and fibrous, and dies yearly after ripen- ing seed. Place.—It grows wild in the warmer countries, but with us only in — ‘ Place.—It flowers in June. Government and Virtues.—It is a very useful Saturnine good for rheumatism. It is little inferior in virtue to the sciatica cress, which it slightly resembles. If the root be bruised in a mortar, mixed with hog’s-lard, and rubbed on the parts affected, it will cure the most acute rheumatic, SCORPION GRASS (MOUSE EAR.)—(Cerastium Arvense. ) Descrip.— This is a low creeping plant, sending from a small stringy root, several tralling ranches lying on the ground, and shooting out fibres from the joints, by which takes root. The leaves grow alternately on the stalks, of an oval form, about an inch long, and an inch broad, ered, green above, and whitish underneath, cover- ed thick with stiff, long, brown hairs: the flowers stand on footetalks four or five inches long, of the shape of dandelion, but smaller, of a whitish yellow colour above, with several purplish streaks underneath : the stalks, when broken, emit a whitish milk in a small quantity, The flow- ere away in white down, wherein lies small long seed. lace,—It grows every where upon heaths and commona Time.—It flowers most part of the summer. 326 OULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. Government and Virtues.—It is under Mercury. It is of a bitterish styptic taste, and is drying and binding, and a good vulnerary, helpful for all kinds of fluxes: a decoction used as a gargle is commended for ulcers in the mouth. SCURVY-GRASS (COMMON GARDEN.)—(Coch- learia Oficinalis. ) Descrip.—This has thick flat leaves more long than hroad, and sometimes longer and narrower ; sometimes also smooth on the edges, and sometimes a little waved ; sometimes plain, smooth, and pointed, of asad green, and sometimes a blueish colour, every one standing itself upon a long footstalk, which is brownish or greenish also, from which arise many slender stalks, bearing few leaves like the other, but longer and lesser for the most at the tops grow many whitish flowers, with yellow threads in the middle, standing about a green head, which becomes the seed-vessel, and is sometimes flat when it is ripe, wherein is contained reddish seed, tasting rather hot. The root is made of many white strings, which stick deeply into the mud, wherein it chiefly delights, yet it will abide in the more upland and drier ground, and tastes brackish there, but not so much as where it feeds upon the salt water. Place.—It grows Pa the sides of the Thames, both on the Essex and Kentish shores, from Woolwich round the sea coasts to Dover, Portsmouth and Bristol plentifully ; the other with round leaves, grows in Lincolnshire, by the sea-coast, SCURVY-GRASS (DUTCH ROUND-LEAVED.)— (Cochlearia Rotundifolia.) Descrip.—The root is long and full of fibres, from it springs a number of flattish succulent green leaves on long footstalks, which are round and rather hollow, resembling a n, whence it has its name Cochleuria. The stalks grow eight or nine inches high, brittle, and clothed with the like leaves, which are more angular and pointed ; the flowers grow in tufts on the tops of the stalks, consisting of four small white leaves, which are succeeded by little, round, swelling seed-vessels, parted in the middle by a thin film, and containing small round seeds: both leaves and flowers have a biting hot taste. ‘ Place.—It grows wild in the north of England, by the sea-side ; but is very much cultivated in gardens Time.—It flowers in April. GULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 327 SCURVY-GRASS (GREENLAND. - Cochlearia Granlandica. ) Descrip.—This does not rise so large as the common Dutch Scurvy-grass, yet in some rich lands, the leaves grow very large, not dented on the edges, of a fresh green colour, rising from the root, standing on a long footstalk ; from among these rise long slender stalks, with white flowers at the tops of them, which turn into small pods, and smaller brownish seed than the former. The root is white, small, and thready. The taste 4s not salty, but hot and aromatic, Place.—It grows in gardens mostly. Time.—It flowers in April and May. Government and Virtwes.—They are all herbs of Jupiter. This abounds with fine volatile parts; infused or the juice nr than the decoction, because the volatile parts are in boiling: it is a specific remedy against scurvy, purifying the juices of the body from the bad ef- fects of that distemper; it clears the skin from scabs, pim ples, and foul eruptions. Officinal preparations are the simple water, the spirit, and a conserve, SCURVY-GRASS (IVY-LEAVED.)—( Cochlearia Danica, ) Descrip.—The only difference in this plant from the others is, the leaves 2 more divided, so that they appear angular. The colour is light green, and the flowers are smaller, and white like the former. Place.—It is common on the sea-shore, and in many other places, by the sides of little rills, down the sides of mountains, and in gardens. Time.—It blooms in April and May. Virtues.—This plant possesses a considerable degree of acrimony ; it is antiscorbutic, and a powerful remedy in moist asthma, or scorbutic rheumatism. A distilled water, and a conserve, are prepared from the leaves, and sold in the shops, its juice together with that of Seville oranges is known by the name of antiscorbutic juices, The leaves bruised, and laid w/ the face, or any other part, takes away freckles, and sun-burns ; but those of delicate com- cannot bear the application without injuring them 328 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. SCURVY-GRASS (HORSE-RADISH.)—( Cochlearia Armoracia. ) Descrip.—This has larger leaves than the former species the upper ones are of a lighter green than the lower, of a fleshy substance, and full of juice ; and their colour is an obscure green. The stalks are numerous, thick, juicy, of a le green, ten or twelve inches high. The flowers, like the rmer, are smali and white, at the tops of the branches. Place.—It grows upon the muddy parts of the sea-shore, Time. It flowers in July, A species is found in the north with a pale purple flower. Virtues.—The English Scurvy-Grass is more used for the salt it bears, which opens and cleanses; but the Dutch is of better effect, and oftener used for the . and purifies the blood, liver, and spleen, by taking the juice every morning fasting, in a cup of drink. The decoction answers the same purpose, and opens obstructions, evacuating cold, clammy and phlegmatic humours both from the liver and the spleen, and bringing the body to a more lively colour. The juice also helps all foul ulcers and sores in the mouth, gled therewith ; and used outwardly, cleanses the skin m spots, marks, or scars that happen therein. SCURVY-GRASS (SEA.)—(Cochlearia Anglica. ) Descrip.—This grows about as high as the former, but the leaves are thicker, longer, narrower, and more pointed at the ends, frequently finuated about the edges, of a duller n than the garden; the flowers and seed are alike in th; of a salter taste, but not so hot and pungent as that. Place. It grows in salt-marshes, and particularly by the Thames-side, all the way below Woolwich. Time.—It flowers rather later than the en kind. Virtues.—This kind is used along with the others as an- tiscorbutics, bnt wanting in fine volatile parts, it is not so prevalent, but abounding more in saline, it may be used to good purpose as a diuretic, iy SELF-HEAL.—(Prunella Vulgaris. ) Descrip.—This is a small, low, creeping herb, havi many small roundish pointed leaves, like leaves of wil mint, of a dark green colour, without dents on the edges; from among which rise square hairy stalks, scarce a foot high, which spread sometimes into branches with small CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 339 leaves set thereon, up to the tops, where stand brown spiked heads of small brownish leaves like scales and flow- ers set together, of a blueish purple, in some places sweet, but not so in others. The root consists of many fibres downward, and spreads strings also, whereby it increases, The small stalks, with the leaves creeping on the ground, shoot forth fibres taking hold on the ground, whereby it is a tuft in a short time. —It is found in woods and fields every where. Time. —It flowers in May, and sometimes in April. Government and Pirtuss.— This is under Venus, and isa special remedy for inward and outward wounds. Taken in syrups for inward wounds; for outward wounds in un- guents and plasters. It is like Bugle in form and qualities, answers the same purposes, and if accompanied with it and sanicle, and other wound-herbs, it is more effectual to wash any wounds or inject into ulcers in the parts outwardly. the sharp humours of sores, ulcers, inflammations or swellings need to be repressed, this compound will be effectual ; it will also stay the flux of blood from wounds, and solder up their lips, and cleanse the fouluess of sores, and speedily heal them. It is a remedy for green wounds, Anoint the temples and forehead with the juice and the oil of rosea, to remove the head-ache ; the same mixed with honey of roses, cleanses and.heals all ulcers in the mouth and throat, and those also in the secret parts, SENNA (RED-FLOWERED BLADDER.)—(Colutea Cruenta.) Descrip.—It has winged leaves, each entire leaf is com- posed of six pair of er leaves without an odd one at the end, these are of an oblong form, pointed, and of a whitish green colour. The flowers are produced in longish spikes at the tops of the branches, moderately large, of a colour, and striped with red. The root is woody, divided, and spreading. Piace.—It is a native of the East. . Government and Virtues.—It is under Mercury. The leaves (which are the only parts used) are hot, dry, and of a purging quality, but afterwards have a binding effect. It obstructions ; corrected with carraway-seed, ani- po — inger, a dram taken in wine, ale, or broth, fast- ing, ed me and cleanses the stomach, purges melancholy, choler and phlegm from the bead rain, lunga, heart. 330 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL liver, and spleen, cleansing those parts of evil humours ; strengthens the senses, procures mirth, and is also in chronic agues, whether quartan or quotidian. It cleanses and purities the blood, and causes a fresh and lively habit of the body, and is an especial ingredient in diet-drinks, and to make purging-ale for cleansing the blood. The Common Bladder Senna (Colutea Arborescens) works very violently both upwards and downwards, offending the stomach and bowels. SER MOUNTAIN.— Tordyivwm Oficinale.) Descrip.—This is sometimes called Hartwort, has a large thick root, that strikes deep into the earth, with many stringy fibres at the bottom. The stalk rises as high as a man, full of branches, having many large winged leaves, as it were encompassing the stalks with a thin sheath, cut into several segments, each of which is usually divided into five, and at the end three oval smaller leaves, smooth, and inted at the end. It has large umbels of small, five- eaved, white flowers, each of which is succeeded by two large long seeds, striated on the back, having a leafy bor- der on each side, of a brown colour, a pretty strong smell, and a hot bitterish taste. Place.—It grows upon the Alps, but with us is found only in some gardens. ime.—It flowers in June. Government and Virtues.—It is a warm martial plant, both heating and drying ; it provokes urine and the men- ses, expels the birth and after-birth ; and is good in disor- ders of the head and womb. The seeds are put both into Theriaca and Mithridate. SERVICE TREE (COMMON.)—(Pyrus Torminalis.) Descrip.—This grows to be a pretty large tree, whose branches are clothed with winged leaves, consisting of se- ven or nine serrated pinne, each leaf terminating in an odd one. It has several clusters of five-leaved white flowers, which are followed by fruit of the shape and size of a small pear, growing several together on footstalks an inch long; they are of a greenish colour, with a mixture of red, as they are more or less exposed to the sun; of a rough, austere, choky taste ; but when ae or mellow, sweet and pleasant. Place.—It is found wild in some parts of England, as in Staffordshire and Cornwall. OCULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 331 Time.—It flowers in May; but the seed is not ripe till November. The fruit is used. Government and Pirtues.— It is under Saturn, and reck- oned to be very restringent and useful for all kinds of flux- es ; but whe: ripe, not altogether so binding. This fruit is seldom to be met with in our markets, and therefore, for a succedaneum, we use the following. SERVICE TREE (MANURED.)—(Pyrus Domestica, ) (Pyrus Sorbus, ) (Sorbus Domestica. ) v. This grows tall in good ground, having a whi- tish bark and shaw that differ from those of the shang in not being winged, though larger and longer, being cut into seven sharp-pointed and serrated segments, the two next the stalk, being cut in deepest, of a pale green above, and whitish underneath. The flowers grow in clusters like the former, of a yellowish-white colour ; and the fruit is set in the same manner on long footstalks, more than twice the size of common haws; they are likewise umbilicated at the top, of a harsh restringent taste when green, but when mellowed, sweet and pleasant, having a stony substance in the middle, including two seeds. Place. It ere erg Ba woods and thickets, and flowers with the former, the fruit being ripe as late. Government and Virtwes.—It is under the dominion of Saturn. The fruit is used as the former, and is of the same nature, or rather more restringent and binding, be- ing good for all kinds of fluxes, either of blood or humours; w 125 it is r t and eats to 46 stomach, pro- ing digestion, and preventing the too hast of the fod out of the bowels ; and is 5 attended witb diarrhœa. They may be kept all the year, if dried befure they are mellow, and may be used in decoctions for the said purpose, either to drink, or bathe the parts 1 it; and are profitably used in that man- ner to stay the bleeding of wounds, and of the morth o nose, to be applied to the forehead, and nape of the neck. SHEPHERD’S NEEDLE (COMMON.)—(Scandiz Pecten Veneris.) 5. —This has a long, slender, white root, hung with a few slight fibres: the leaves are and supported on short foofstalks ; they are finely divi and their colour 2 of a very dark 2 0 are numerous, n, branched, a foot high. The leaves stand irregularly on 332 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. them, like those from the root; but they are smaller. The flowers are moderately large, and grow in umbels like those of hemlock chervil; hop are white, with very little smell. Place.—It is common in corn-fields. Time.—It flowers in August. Government and Virtues.—This is under Venus. When taken as a medicine, it operates by urine, and is good against obstructions of the viscera. SHEPHERD’S NEEDLE (ROUGH.)—(Cherophyllum Temulentwm. ) CALLED also Hemlock-Chervil. | Descrip.—This grows from a long, slender, white fibrous root, with finely divided leaves, which are deeply serrated, of a pale green. The stalk is round, upright, green, anda yard high. The flowers grow in little umbels on the tops of the branches, ee eee by slender leaves, forming a kind of cup. The seeds are small, brown, and stria sc ing is common in hedges, on ditch banks, and in gardens, Time.—It is an annual, and flowers in May. Government and Virtues.—It is under Venus, and should be gathered when that planet is in exaltation. It is hot Hi dry, comforting the head and stomach, and helping ver- tiginous disorders, It is likewise a good deobstruent, open- ing obstructions of the womb, and procuring the catamenia. SHEPHERD’S PURSE.—( Capsella Bursa Pastoris.) Descrip.—The root is small, white, and perishes yearly, The leaves are small and long, of a pale green colour, and deeply cut in on both sides, among which spring up a stalk which is small and round, containing small seed upon it even to the top. The flowers are very small and white ; after which come the little cases which hold the seeds, which age flat, almost in the form of a heart. Place.—They frequent the path-ways of this country. Time.—They flower all the summer ; some twice a year. Government and Virtues.—It is under the dominion of Saturn, and of a cold, dry, binding nature. It helps all fluxes of blood, caused by either inwardor outward wounds; as also flux of the belly, and bloody-flux, spitting and void- ing of blood, and stops the terms in women; if bound to the wrists, or the soles of the feet, it helps the jaundice. The herb made into poultice, helps inflammation and St. Antho CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 333 ny’s fire. The juice dropped into the ears, heals the pains, noise, and matterings thereof, A good ointment may be made of it for all wounds, especially wounds in the head. SHEPHERD'S ROD. Dipsacus Pilosus.) Descrip.— This grows with a fleshy, thick, and somewhat hairy stock. The bottom leaves are large and rough, and w with thick footstalks, from whence arise two smaller Anal The “se leaves have a beautiful appearance, of a fine green, and deeply serrated. The flowers are of a gold ellow, and followed by heads of a green and purple co- ar, stuck round with prickles of a very tenacious sub- stance. In some counties they call it Small Wild Teazle, and sometimes it is found with white flowers. Placs.— It is a biennial, frequently found in hedges. Time.—It flowers in August. Government and Virtues.—lt is a plant of Mars. The — 1 given in a strong 7 e the and creates an appetite; it is a against obstructions of the liver, and the jaundice. SICK LE-WORT.—( Diapentia.) Descrip.—This plant has a small, stringy, fibrous root, from which rise the leaves on long footstalks; they are five-cornered, resembling somewhat those of the lesser ma- and are serrated about the edges, of a dark green co- : 9 and shining: its stalks grow about a foot igh, bare of leaves to the top, on which grow little um- of five-leaved white flowers, small, and full of stami- na each flower is succeeded by two rough bur-like seeds. It grows in woods and thickets, Time.—It flowers in May. The leaves are used. Government and Pirtues.— This is one of our prime vul- nerary plants, and is 3 put in wound - drinks, and traumatic apozems; and is good for ruptures, inward bruises, spitting of blood, or any hemorrhages, and for wounds both inward and outward, It is under Venus SILVERWEED.—( Potentilla Anserina.) Descrip.—The root is e, stringy, and full of fibres, sending out pretty large, yellowish, green winged leaves, divided into several deeply serrated segments set opposite to one another, with one cut into three at the end, of a pleasant grateful scent. The stalke rise about two feet 334 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. uigh, and on the tops are placed the flowers. They are very large and beautiful, com of five petals of a rcundish figure, not dented at the tops; and are of a most beautiful shining yellow ; in the middle of each there isa tuft of threads with yellow buttons, but smaller than in cinquefoil, and of a paler yellow. Pinas ts is common by road-sides, and in low pastures. Time.—It flowers in June. Government and Virtues.—This plant is under Venus, and deserves to be universally known in medicine. It is of the nature of tansy. The leaves are mildly restringent; dried, and given in powder they cure agues and intermit- ments; the usual dose is a table-spoonful of the powder every three or four hours. The roots are more astringent than the leaves, and may be given in powder, in doses of a scruple or more in obstinate purgings, attended with bloody stools, and immoderate menses, Au infusion of the leaves stops the bleeding of the piles; and, sweetened with a little honey, it is an excellent gargle for sore throats. SIMSON (BLUE.)—(Erigeron Acre.) CALLED also Sweet Fleabane. Descrip.—The flowers stand separate, one above ano- ther, alternately ; they grow in a cylindric cup, with awl- shaped scales, placed erect, and the raysare narrow. The leaves are a dull green, and grow on a ruddy, firm, dry stalk. The flowers are of a purplish blue, and never spread wide open, but the rays always stand open. Pilace.—This is a perennial ; native of our high dry grounds ; a strange plant that appears twice a year, and wears two different Time.—In April we see it weak, lying on the ground, and scarce six inches high: in August and September it flowers a second time, and is then robust, upright, about ten inches high, and carries larger flowers. Government and Virtues.—Mars governs this plant. It fs a sharp acrid plant. It is a remedy for disorders of the breast, if they arise from tough phlegm. Yet it is one of those things that should be cautiously tampered with. SKIRRET.—(Siwm Sisarum.) Descrip.—The root is composed of numerous, oblong, tu- berous pieces, brownish on the outside, white withia, ‘and of a pleasant flower. The stalk is striated, firm, branched, = 14 OULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 325 a foot and a half high. The leaves are pinnated, serrated, sharp-pointed, and of a pleasant green. The flowers are white; and, toward the evening, they have a light fra- The seeds are small and brown. Place.—It is a native of Spain, but is cultivated in our gardens for the root, which is pleasant and wholesome. Time.—It flowers here in June and July. 0 Government and Pirtues.—It is r. enus. The rst opening, diuretic, and cleansing, useful in opening ob- eas of the reins arse esa ry frees pases from imy phlegm. It is servi e against dropsy, by causing — plenty of urine, helps my aor and liver disor- young shoots are pleasant and wholesome food, of a cleasing nature, and easy digestion, provoking urine. SLOE BUSH.—(Prunis Spinosa.) CALL also Black Thorn. Descrip.—This is a bush, whose tough branches are hard thorns, sending forth white five-leaved flowers ear] in spring, before the leaves appear, which are small and oblong, finely dented on the edges. The flowers are AA small round fruit growing on short stalks, at first, but when ripe of a fine purplish black co- caver a sour austere taste, and not fit to be eaten until mellowed by the frost. Placs.— It grows every where in the hedges. Government and Virtues.—This is a Saturnine plant. The fruit is chiefly used, and is restringent and binding, good for all kinds of fluxes and hemorrhages. It is serviceable in washes for sore mouth and gums, to fasten loose teeth, &c. A handful of the flowers infused, is an easy purge; and, if in wine and water, is excellent to dispel windy colic. The bark reduced to powder, and taken in doses of two drams, has cured agues. The juice expressed from the unripe fruit is a oer gree remedy for fluxes of the bow- els ; it may be reduced by he eee boiling to a solid con- sistence, in which state it will keep the year round. SMALLAGE,—(Apium Graveolens,) Descrip.—The roots are about a finger thick, wrinkled, and sinking deep in the earth, of a white colour, from which spring many winged leaves, of a yellow colour, each single leaf is three square ; the stalks rise about three feet high, smooth channelled, rather angular, and very much branch- 336 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. ed; at the division of the branches, come forth umbels of small yellow flowers, followed by smaller seeds, paler and hotter. The whole plant has a strong ungrateful flavour. Piace.—It grows in marshy, watery places. Time.—It flowers and ripens seed in the summer months. Government and Pirtues.— It is under Mercury. The roots are diuretic, effectual] for the stoppage of urine, and the stone and gravel ; they open obstructions of the liver and spleen; bale the dropsy and jaundice, and remove fe- male obstructions. The leaves are of the same nature, and eaten in the spring, sweeten and purify the blood, and help the scurvy : the seed is hot and carminative. The roots, leaves, and seed, are used. SNEEZEWORT.—(Achillea Ftarmica.) CALLED also Bastard Pellitory. r, we is has a perennial, long, slender, and fibrous root. e stems are a little angular, upright, woolly and branched, two feet high, having long narrow leaves, tinely serrated about the edges, growing on them without any order ; the flowers grow umbel-fashion on the tops of the stalks, and consist of a border of white petala, set about a fistular thrum; they are larger than the flowers of yarrow. Place. It grows in moist meadows and watery places. Time.—It tlowers in July. ) Virtues.—It has a hot biting taste, and in salads is used to correct the coldness of other herbs, The root held in the mouth helps the tooth-ache, by evacuating the rheum ; the powder of the herb snuffed up the nose, causes sneez- ing, and cleanses the head of tough slimy humours, SOAPWORT.—(Saponaria Officinalis.) CALLED also Bruisewort. Vescrip.— It is a species of Lychnis, having many creep- ing roots arising from a thick woody head ; it sends fortk reddish stalks about a foot high, full of knots, which are encompassed by the broad footstalks of the leaves ; these are smooth, of a pale green colour, broad and sharp-point- ed, about two inches long, with three pretty high veins on their back, The flowers grow on the tops of the stalks, large, of a pale purple colour, each made of five large round- pointed leaves, set in a smooth long calyx; the is small and round, growing in long roundish seed-vessels. Place.—It grows in watery places, and near rivers. 2 — — ra CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 337 Time.—It flowers in June. Government and Virtues.—Venus owns this plant. The whole plant is bitter; bruised and agitated with water, it raises a lather like soap, which easily washes greasy spots out of clothes ; a decoction of it, applied externally, cures the itch. It cures gonorrhea, by taking the inspissated juice of it to the amount of half an ounce daily. SOLANUM.—( Atropa Belladonna,) CALLED also Dwale, Solanum Lethale, S. Maniacum. Descrip.—This is the largest of the Nightshades, having many thick, long, spreading roots, that shoot forth many tall angular stalks, to a man’s height or more, beset with dull green leaves, larger than common Nightshade. The flowers are set on among the leaves, singly on long foot- stalks, and are large, hollow, and bell-fashioned, divided into six nts at the ends, of a dusky brown, greenish colour on the outside, and purplish within ; succeeded by large, round, shining, black berries, the size of cherries, set on a brownish calyx, which contain a purplish juicy . nauseous sweet taste, full of small flat seeds. Alt grows not unfrequently in many parts of this country, but it is a native of America. me.—It flowers in July. Government and Virtues.— Experience has proved this to be one of the deadly poisons that nature produces, It has a very beautiful appearance, but should be kept out the way of children and others who may be attracted by it. SOLANUM (BERRY BEARING.)—(Solanum Bacciferwm.) Descrip.—The roots of this herh creep along the surface of the earth, are slender, and of a brown colour, shooting up, here and there, round ztalks about a foot high, with four sometimes five or six leaves, which are broad and roundish, narrowest next the stalk, and ending in a sharp 2 from among these a slender stalk arises two or three high, bearing a flower, composed of four green leaves, with as many narrow ones under them, of the same colour, with several stamina among them ; in the middle grows a round black berry, the size of a grape, of an insipid taste, Place,—\t is found in good soil in moist shady woods, Time.—It flowers in May, and the berry ripens in July. Government and Virtues.—It is under the dominion of Saturn. It is not poisonous, but is an excellent counter- M 838 CULYEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL ison, and an alexipharmic, good in malignant and pesti- ential fevers, The roots boiled in wine help the colic, and the leaves applied outwardly repress inflammations and tumours, especially in the scrotum and testicles, and ripen pestilential tumours. SOLDIER (COMMON WATER.)—{Stratoites Aloides.) gn x BS root is com of several long, thick, white fibres, with tufted ends ; they are naked from the bottom to the top, but just at the extremity they have se- veral small, short filaments, which spread every way. From this root rise numerous leaves of a singular figure ; they are long and narrow, thickest and broadest at the base, and sharp at the point: they are fleshy, firm, of a deep green purple, and armed with slight prickles along the edges. The stalks rise among these, aud are naked, round, thick, and of a pale green. The flowers are large and white, with a pretty tuft of yellow threads in the middle, Place.—It swims in the water, and is common in the fen countries, as the Isle of Ely, and elsewhere. Time.—It flowers in July. Government and Virtues.—It is a cold watery eee. un- der the Moon in the celestial sign of Pisces. xternally used, it is cooling and repeliant. It is a specific against the king’s-evil and scrofulous swellings, both taken in- wardly, and applied outwardly. It is said likewise to pro- voke urine, ‘ed | to be useful in hysteric disorders. SOLOMON’S SEAL. ( Polygonatum Multiflorum, (Couvallaria Multiftora. ) ) Descrip.—This rises with a stalk half a yard high, bow- ing down to the ground, set with single leaves one above another, somewhat large, with a blueish eye upon the n, some with ribs, and yellowish underneath. At the foot of every leaf, almost from the bottom to the top of the stalk, come forth small, long, white, and hollow pendulous leaves, with long points, for the most part together, at the end of a long footstalk, and sometimes but one, and some- times two stalks, with flowers at the foot of a leaf, which are without any scent at all, and stand on one side of the stalk. After they are past, come in their places small round ber- ries, great at first, and blackish green, tending to blueness when they are ripe, wherein are small, white, hard, and stony seeds, The root is a finger or thumb thick, white ad knotted in some places, a fiat round circle represent- — — CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL, 839 ing a seal, whereof it took its name, lying all along with the upper crust of the earth, and uot growing downward, but with many fibres underneath. Place. It is frequent in different parts of England. Time. —It flowers in May; the root abides and shoots a-bew every yeur. and Virtwes.—Saturn owns the plant. The root is available for wounds, hurts, and outward sores, to heal and close up those that are green, and to dry and re- strain the flux of humours of old oues. It stays vomitings, bleedings, and fluxes in man or woman. It stays joints that do not remain firm when set, and broken bones in any of the body, if the roots be bruised and applied. Th. ion of the roots bruised in wine or other drink, after a night’s infusion, strained and drank, helps both man and beast whose bones have been broken; it also helps rup- tures, if drank or applied outwardly to the place affected. The powdered root in broth acts the same. It dispels con- gealed blood that comes of blows, bruises, &., also takes away both the pains and black and bl marks that come from the same cause. The distilled water of the whole plant takesaway morphew, freckles &., from any part of the body SORREL (COMMON.)—( Rumezx Acetosa.) . leaves are smooth, succulent, and tender, long sharp- pointed, ending next the footstalk in two sharp ears like spinach, of a very sour taste; the stalk is long and slender, set with two or three smaller lea ves, and at the top a long reddish spike of small staminous flowers, succeeded by small shining three-square seed. The root is aboat a finger thick, branched and full of tibres, of a yel- lowish brown colour, abiding several years. Place.—It grows every where in the fields and meadows. Time. —It flowers in May. The leaves, seed, and root are used. Government and Pirtues.— All the Sorrels are under the dominion of Venus. It is useful to cool inflammation and heat of the blood in agues, pestilential or choleric, or sick - ness and fainting, arising from the heart; to quench thirst and procure av appetite in faiuting or decaying stomachs; for it resists the putrefaction of the blood, kills worms, and a cordial to the heart, which the seed does more effectu- ally, because it is more drying and binding, and thereby stays the fluxea of woraens’ courses, or flux of the stomach. $40 “ OULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. The root in decoction or powder, is effectual for all the said pu The decoction of the roots helps the jaundice, and expels the gravel and stone from the reins and kidneys. The decoction of the flowers made with wine, and drunk, helps the black jaundice, and inward ulcers of the body or bowels, A syrup made from the juice and fumitory, is a help to kill those sharp humours that cause the itch. The juice with a little vinegar, serves well to be used outward- y for the same cause, and for tetters, ringworms, &c. SORREL (MOUNTAIN.)—(Oxyria Reniformis,) (Ru- . Digynus.) mez Descrip.—The leaves are of a glaucous or blueish green colour, broader, shorter, and rounder than the common, and the ears that stand on each side, at their joining to the footstalks, are very large. The stalks are smaller, weak- er, and not so erect. They flower and seed much alike. Place.—It is sown in gardens, Time.— It flowers in June: the leaves are as sour as the common, and may be used indifferently with it, both in medicines and _ SORREL (SHEEP’S.)—(Rumexr Acetosella.) Descrip.—This is lower and smaller than the common, with narrow sharp-pointed leaves, each has two large ears growing next the end of the stalk, which makes the leaf appear like a bearded spear; they are sour like the common. The flowers grow 1 as the former, are small and staminous, and the triangular, and less than the seed of that. The root is small and creeping in the ground. Place. — It grows in dry barren soil. Time. It flowers in May. N Virtues.— The leaves of all the Sorrels are very cooling, allaying thirst, and repressing the bile; * in fevers, be- ing cordial, and resisting putrefaction. They are of t use against scurvy if eaten in spring as salad; and the juice is frequently taken among other antiscorbutic juices. SORREL (WOOD.)—(Acetosella Oxalis.) Descrip.—This grows upon the ground, with a number of spe robe 9 Vene. a ee. three leaves, like a trefoil, but broad at the ends, and cut in the middle, of a yellowish n colour, every one standing on a nal foot- atalk, mihi their first coming up are closely folded to- gether to the stalk, but opening themselves afterwards. — 2 2 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 34] Among these leaves rise up slender, weak footstalks, with a flower at the top of — one, consisting of five small pointed leaves, star-fashion, of a white colour, in most and in some places dashed over with a small show of blue on the backside only. After the flowers follow small round heads, with yellowish seed in them; the roots are but small N to the end of a small long piece; all of them being of a yellowish colour. Place.—I\t grows in many parts of England, in wooda and wood-sides, where they are moist and shady. Time.—It flowers in April and May. Virtues.—This serves a the purposes that the other Sor- rels do, but is more effectual in hindering the putrefaction of the to quench thirst, to strengthen a weak sto- to stay vomiting, and very excellent in any contagi- ous sickness or pestilential fever. SOUTHERN WOOD.—( Artemisia Abrotanum.) CALuEp also Old Man Tree, Boy’s Love, Lad's Love. 1 0 has a perennial root, divided into several parts, which are furnished with fibres, The stems are nu- of a hard woody substance, covered with a grey- ish bark. divided into numerous branches, two or three feet high. The leaves are numerous, and divided into many fine n of a fine pale green colour, and of a pleasant The flowers are small and yellow. Place. —It is common in our gardens. Time.—It flowers for the most part in July and August. Government and Virtues.—This is a mercurial plant. The seed bruised, heated in warm water, and drank, helps those that are troubled with cramps or convulsions of the sinews, the sciatica, and bringing down womens’ courses, The same taken in wine is an antidote against all poisons. The backbone anointed with the oil cures the ague, it removes inflammations in the eyes, if 4 of a roasted quince, and a few crumbs of bread be boiled, and added. iled with -meal, it IAN and wheals from the face, or parts of the body. The seed and dried herb kills worms in children ; the herb bruised and applied, draws out splinters and thorns from the flesh. The ashes ming- led with old salad oil, helps those that are bald, causing the hair to grow again on the head or heard. A strong de- coction of the leaves is a good worm medicine, but * greeable and nauseous, The leaves are a good ingredient 842 CUILPEPER’S COMPLETE HEEBAL in fomentations for easing pain, dispersing swellings, or stopping the progress of gangrenes, SOUTHERN WOOD (FIELD. (Artemisia Campestris.) Descrip.—This has a long, thick, fibrous root, The stalks are shrubby, upright, and much branched, of a whitish co- lour toward the bottom, and reddish upwards, The leaves are oblong, divided into numerous narrow segments, and their en Nbr green. The flowersstand in thick spikes at the tops of the branches; and they are small and brown. Place. It is found in our southern counties by road-sides, Time.—It flowers in July. Government and Virtues.—It is a powerful diuretic, and is good in hysteric cases. The best way of using it is in conserve made of the fresh tops, beaten up with twice their weight of sugar. It is a mercurial plant, and worthy of more esteem than it has, The manner of preparing it is thus :—Cut fine fo ir ounces of the leaves, beat them in a mortar, with six ounces of loaf sugar, till the whole is like a paste; three times a day take a piece of this about the size of a nutmeg: it is pleasant, and very effectual ; and one thing in its favour in particular, it is a composer, and always disposes to sleep. SOW BREAD.—/ Artanita Cyclamen. ) Descrip.—The root is round, and somewhat flattish, of a dark brown colour on the outside, with several dark fibres shooting from the bottom; the leaves grow on thick red - dish stalks, of a darkish green above, marked with white ts, and underneath of a reddish or purple colour, round, and hollowed in next the stalk; among these rise the flow- ers, each on its own footstalk, which is usually slenderest next the ground. They are made up of one single pendu- lous leaf, divided into five sharp-pointed segmeuts, which turn themselves backward, when they open, and are of a pale purple, when these are fallen, the stalk with the seed- vessel coils itself round towards the earth, like a snake. Place. It is a native of the Alps, and the mountains of Austria, but is planted in this country in gardens. Time.—It flowers in September and October. Government and Virtues.—This is a martial plant. The root is very forcing, used to bring away the birth and the secundines, and to provoke the menses, The juice is com- mended against vertiginous disorders of the head, used in form of an errhine; it is good against cutaneous eruptions, 3 —— CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 343 SOWERWEED (KIDNEY-LEAVED.)—(Oxryria Digyna.) Descrip.—This plant grows upright ; the root is small and fibrous, taperiny towards the top. The leaves are ny like a kidney, and grow at the end of long foot- stalks, which are so weak that they lie I. the ground: they are greener within than without, and havea soft down on each side: the flowers are small and white, and the seed is so light, that the wind scatters it for many miles. Place.—It delights in open airy pastures, and open situa- tions. Itisplentiful in Westmoreland, Yorkshire, and Wales. Time.—It flowers in June, Government and Virtues.—It is a martial plant, and is hot and dry, carminative and expelling 08 and helps the colic and gripes. It is alexipharmic, and good against 288 distempers. It is of use against the stone and stoppage of urine, and good in all uterine distempers, SUW-THISTLE (COMMON.)—(Sonchus Oleraceus.) ip.—The leaves of this kind half embrace the stalk, which is slender, hollow, branched, and of a light green, and two feet high. The cups are smooth, the leaves of a fine fresh green, and full of a milky juice. The flowers are numerous, and of a pale lemon colour. Place.—This is an annual; a robust weed, that rises in all and waste grounds. ime.—It blooms from November to June. Government and Virtues.—This is under Venus. It is divided into many varieties raised from the same seed, viz: the jagged lea ved, the eutire lea ved, the broad aud narrow. SOW-THISTLE (PRICKLY.)—(Sonchus Asper.) ay ry has a yellow, angular, channelled stalk, two feet high, of a fine green, with the lower leaves long, stiff, and much cut in, every indenting ending ina prickle, The flowers are small, numerous, and yellow, and grow several together on the tops of the stalk, shaped like the dandelion, but less, of a paler colour; the under part of the petal is tinctured with purple. The flower turns into down, enclosing loug, thin, flattisb seeds. The root is thick, long, and whitish ; and the whole plaut upon breaking, yieldsa milky, hitter juice. Place.—This a native of our corn-fields and ens, and flowers from July to November, until the cold kills it. * $44 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. Government and Virtwes.—This is under the dominion of Venus, and possesses great medicinal virtues; it is cool- ing and good against obstructions, and the quantity which must at any time be taken, insures its effect, which is mild and aperient. The young tops are good as salad with oil aud vinegar, for a scalding of the water. The smooth Sow- Thistle has hollow channelled stalks like the others, and ws as tall; the leaves are smooth, and free from prick- es; those next the stalk are cut like dandelion, into se- veral segments; that at the end being largest. Those that grow on the stalk seem to encompass it, and have fewer in- cisions, triangular and pointed at the end. The flowers, seed, and root, are much alike. This grows in the same places as the former, and as frequent, SOW-THISTLE (TREE.) —(Sonchus Arvensis.) Descrip.—This grows about a yard high. The stalk is tender, hollow, of a yellowish green; and so are the leaves, which, when 3 or broken, run with milk. The flow- ers are e and of an orange colour. Place.—This is frequent in the corn-fields, where the soil is moist and clayey. Time.—It blooms in August, Government and Virtues.— Venus governs this plant. Ita virtues lie chiefly in its milky juice, which is useful in deafness, either from accidental stoppage, gout, or old age. Four spoonfuls of the juice of the leaves, two of ee and one teaspoonful of salt; shake the whole together, an put some cotton dipped in this composition into the ears, and you may reasonably expect a good degree of recovery. SOW. THIS TLE TREE (MARSH.)—(Sonchus Pulustris.) Descrip.— The stalk is hollow, tender, of a pale green, about a yard and a half high. The leaves are soft and ten- der, of a light n, and tary underneath, shaped like ar- row-heads at their base. The flowers are light yellow, nu- merous, and they stand in a broad clustering head. Place.—It is a native of the Thames-sids, and frequents other wet places where there is deep mud. Time.—\t blooms in August. Government and Virtues.—It is under Venus. The whole lant has a very insipid taste. It is cooling and rather binding, it cools a hot stomach, and eases its pains. The herb boiled in wine, and drank, stays the dissolution of CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 345 the stomach, and the milk that is taken from the stalks, given in drink, is beneficial to those who are short-wind- ed. The decoction of the leaves and stalks causes abund- ance of milk in nurses, avd their children to be well-co- loured The juice or distilled water is good for hot in- flammations, wheals, eruptions or heat of the skin, and itching of the hemorrhoids. The juice boiled or thorough- ly heated in a little oil of bitter almonds in the peel of a ea and dropped into the ears is a sure remedy deafness, siugings, &c. SPEEDWELL._( Veronica. ) Descrip.—This grows with weak stalks, frequently tak- ing root, where they trail upon the ground, and thence send up shoots that thicken the tuft. The lente grow on short footstalks ; they are oval, an inch long, hairy, aud crena- ted about the edges, of a pale green colour. The flowers a on the upper of the stalks den the lea ves. in spikes, each of one small blueish purple leaf, cut into four parts; to each of which succeeds a seed - vessel in the of that of the Shepherd’s Pouch, full of very small The root is a bush of fibres. Placs.— It grows in woods and shady places. Tims. —It flowers in June. The whole herb is used. Governmentand Virtues.— Venus governs this plant, and it is among the vulnerary plants, used both outwardly and inwardly ; it is also pectoral, and good for coughs and con- sumptions: and is helpful against the stone and strangury; as against pestilential fevers, SPIGNEL.—( Meum.) 7 — Bes reads deep in th d, ip.—The root sp eep in the ground, many branches growing from one head, which is hairy at the to of a blackish brown colour on the outside, and white with- in, smelling well, und of an aromatic taste, from wuence rise long stalks of fine cut leaves like bair, smaller than dill, set thick on both sides of the stalks, of a good scent. Among these leaves rise up round stiff stalke, with a few joints and leaves on them, and at the tops an umbel of pure white flowers; at the edges whereof sometimes will be seen a show of the reddish Slide colour, especially before they be full blown, and are succeeded by small roundish seeds, than the ordinary fennel, and of a brown colour, divided into two parts, and crusted on the back. M* aah OCULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. Place.—It grows wild in Lancashire, Yorkshire, and other northern counties, and is also planted in gardens. Time.—It flowers in June. Government and Virtues.— This is an herb of Venus. The roots boiled in wine or water, and drank, helps the stran - gury and stoppings of the urine, the wind, swelliugs and pains in the stomach, pains of the mother, and all joint- aches. If the powder of the root be mixed with honey, and the same taken it breaks tough phlegm, and dries up the rheum that falls on the lungs, SPIGNEL (BROAD-LEAVED.)—(Meum Athamantica.) CaLueD also Baldmony. Descrip.—The root is long and thick, fibrous, of an aro- matic taste, the bottom leaves are of a dark green colour. The upper leaves are small, very slender, of a dull green colour. The stalk grows about a foot high, not much branched, with a few small leaves growiny thereon, bear- ing on the top umbels of small white five-leaved flowera, The seed is longer and larger than fennel, two growing ether, which are striated on the back. lace.—It is found in our western counties, in rich damp soils, but not common. Time.—It flowers in June and July. Government and Virtues.—It is under the dominion of Mercury in Cancer, and is an excellent plant in disorders of the stomach from phlegm, raw crude humours, wind and relaxations, pains, want of appetite and digestion, belch- ings, ructations, loathings, Ps gripes, retention of the urine, aud the menses, and if powdered and given with loaf sugar, and a glass of its infusion in white wine or beer, or water taken evening and morning for some days, mostly brings down the menses and lochia, facilitates the expulsion of birth and after-birth, and eases a windy colic. SPIKENARD.—(Nardostachys Jatamansi. ) Virtues.—This is a native of India, of a heating, drying faculty, good to provoke urine and ease pains of the stone in the reins and kidneys, being drunk in cold water. It helps loathinys, swellings or gnawings in the stomach, the jaundice, and such as are liver-grown. It is a good ingre- dient in Mithridate, and other antidotes against poison; to pregnant women it is forbidden to be taken er The oil is good to warm cold places, and to digest crude and — ee ee a SLO SO EE III CULPEPYR’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 347 aw humours : it works powerfully on old cold griefs of the head and brain, stomach, liver, spleen, reins, and bladder. It the brain of rheum, being suuffed up the nos- trils. It comforts the braina, and helps cold pains in the head, and the shaking palsy. Two or three spoonfuls, if taken, help passions of the heart, swoonings, and the colic: and being made iuto troches with wine, it may be reserv- ed for an eye-medicine, which being aptly applied, repres- ses obnoxious humours thereof. SPINACH.—(Spinacia Oleracea,) Descrip.—This haa a long whitish root, from which rise several broad, sharp- pointed leaves, hollowed in next the stalk, which is flat and succulent, rising about two feet high, with the like but smaller leaves growing on it, with several spikes of green herbaceous flowers, and after them come large prickly seed. Place.—l\t is sown yearly in gardens. Virtues.—It is more used for food than medicine, and is much eaten as boiled salad, and is useful to temper the heat and sharpness of the humours; it cools and moistens, and as a diuretic renders the body soluble, SPLEEN-WORT.—/(Asplenium Scolopendra.) CALLED also Ceterach. | Descrip.—This is a small plant, which consists only of leaves, rise from a fibrous root, about four inches in hardly an inch broad, cut into small roundish seg- meuta, which stand opposite to one another, alternately ; they are of a greenish colour on the upper side, and brown- ish, and full of dusty seed underneath, generally folded in- ward, resembling the Scolopeudra, whence it is named, P/ace.—It grows onstone walls and moist shadowy places. Time.—It abides n all the winter. Government and Virtues.—Saturn owns it. It is gener- ally used against infirmities of the spleen, helps the stran- gury, and wastes the stone in the bladder, and is useful against the jaundice and the hiccough. SPUNK.—( Agaricus Pedis Equini Facie.) Caen also Touch wood. p.—This grows to the oak, ash, and other trees, That on old oaks is considered best, the inward part that feels to the touch like buff, must be taken out and beaten a little till it crumbles between the fingers. * 348 OULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. Place.—Not only live trees, but decayed ones, and rot- ten wood, produce this excrescence. Time.— Warm and damp weather is best for its growth. Government and Virtues.—This is under the Moon. It is used for stopping blood upon the amputation of a limb, without making any ligature. The softest part should be chosen, and when reduced to powder, as much of it must be applied to the wound as will rather more than cover it; and over this a broader piece must be applied with proper bandages. The moss which grows in old wine-casks is the best thing that can be employed for this purpose, SPURGE (BROAD-LEAVED.)—( Euphorbia Fort- landica,) ( Euphorbia Platyphylia.) Descrip.—This does not rise so high, nor are the leaves so broad as some, but they are longer, not dented on the edges; it spreads itself at the top like a tree; the leaves are very green, and the flowers are white. SPURGE (CORN.)—(Huphorbia Segetalis.) Descrip.—This has numerous thick blueish green leaves without footstalks ; they are long and narrow, and stand up almost straight. The stalks are round, thick, green, or sometimes reddish, and spead at the top like the others, but the flowers are small and green, and have a pretty appearance at the tops of the stalks. Place.—It is frequently observed about Cambri Government and Virtues.—Spurges are mercurial p and abound with a hot and acrid juice, which, when ap- plied outwardly, eats away warts and other excresences. - §PURGE (DWARF.)—( Euphorbia Erigua. Descrip.— This has a less root than the Petty Spurge, and sends forth many stalks not much branched, about a foot high, thick-set with long narrow leaves like toad-flax but rounder pointed: the tops of the stalks are divided into several partitions like umbels, with hollow cup-like leaves pierced through the stalks of the flowers, which are small and yellow ; the seed-vessel is three-square. Place.—A native of France, but it grows in our gardens. Virtues.—The virtues are eame as the former, a strong aud violent cathartic and emetic, but now out of use. CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL 349 SPURGE (GARDEN.)—(Zuphorbia Hortense.) Descrip.—This grows with a thick reddish stalk, beset with long and narrow blueish green leaves, and so contin- ues, without running into branches, till the next year, when it rises three or four feet high, with many branches toward the top; on which, at every division, grow broad. er and somewhat triangular leaves, set on without foot- stalks ; the flowers are small and yellow, standing in rouad hollow leaves, which encompass the stalk like a cup, and these are followed by three square seed-vessels, con- taining three oblong The whole plant is so full of milk, that if you cut off a branch, it will run out by drops in some quantity, which milk is of a hot fiery burning N eta Ip the mouth and throat for a great while. —It grows in gardens, where it springs of its own sowing, dying after it has brought its seed to perfection. Virtues.—This is much of the nature of the foregoing plant, but is rather stronger and more violent in its oper- ation. The milk is good to take away warts, SPURGE (GREATER.)—(Luphorbia Major.) ip.—This plant grows as tall as a little tree, with a smooth jointed hollow stalk, about a finger thick, cover- ed with a glacuous mealiness. The leaves are large, round- ish, but cut into five, seven, or sometimes nine sharp- inted, and serrated divisions ; the footstalks are long, the centre of the back part of the leaves. The flowers are small and staminous, 23 the top of the stalks; but lower down, and upon the body of the plant, grow bunches of rough triangular husks, each including three white seeds less than horse-beans, which, in their brittle shells, contain spotted kernels of a sweetish oily taste, Place.—It 3 in Essex, and other counties. Dime. It flowers in August. Virtuss.— The kernels, which are the only parts used, purge watery humours both upwards and downwards with great violence. The ex oil from the seeds, is good to kill lice in children’s heads. SPURGE (KNOTTY-ROOTED.)—(Zuphorbia Hyberna.) Descrip.—The stalks are numerous, weak, round, of a pale green, aud a foot high; the leaves are many, thick, 350 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. of a pale green : they are not at all indented, and termin- ate in a round blunt end. The flowers are small and yeliow and form a kind of umbel at the tops of the branches. Place.—This is frequent in the corn-fields of Ireland. SPURGE (OLIVE.)—(Daphne Mezerewm.) Descrip.—This is a low shrubby tree, with many flexi- ble branches, seldom growing above four or five feet high, shooting out clusters of flowers, all round the * parts of the branches, early in the spring, before the leaves ap- pear: they are of a pale purple, or peach colour, of a sin- gle tuberous leaf, cut into four segments at the end, of a pleasaut, sweet smell; and are succeeded by small, longish round berries, of a red colour. The leaves grow thick to- ether on the tops of the twigs, two inches long, and scarce Ralf so broad at the end, where they are broadest. The root is full of branches, and runs deep in the earth P/ace.—It is planted here in gardens, Time.—It flowers in February and March. The root, bark, leaves, and berries, are used. Virtues.— All the Spurges agree in their qualities. The urge serous and choleric humours very violently, an Gan the dropsy and inveterate asthma, SPURGE (PETTY.)—(£uphorbia Peplis.) Desorip.—This has a very large thick root, many times the size of a man’s arm, 8 out into many brauches, aud sending up many tough stalks, two or three feet high, reddish aud much divided, having smooth, loug, narrow- ish, green leaves, broadest at the end. The flowers which grow on the tops of the stalks are small and yellow, which are followed by triaugular seed-vessels containing three roundish seeds. The whole plaut is full of a caustic milk, burning and inflaminy the mouth fora great while. Piace.—\it grows in several parts. Time.—lt flowers in June. The root is used, and of that the bark only. Virtues.—It is a strong cathartic, working violently by vomit and stool, but is very otfeusi ve to the stomach and bowels by reason of its sharp corrosive quality, aud there- fore ought to be used with caution, — —— CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL 351 SPURGE (PORTLAND.)—(Zuphorbia Portlandica,) Descrip.—This has fair green leaves, and the flowers are of a blueish green : in every other respect it resembles the other kinds already described. Place.—They are found upon the Island of Portland SPURGE (RED.)}—(Zuphorbwa Characias.) Descrip.—This has long, narrow, pointed ends 3 they have short footstalks, and are smooth, of adead green at first, but afterwards red: they are of a hard, firm sub- stance, and differ as much in that as colour from those of the preceding species. Towards the top the stalk divides in a number of branches, on which stand the flowers in umbels ; they are small, numerous, and of so deep a purpl that 1 nearly black. The seed is very large, an the who t becomes red, after standing some time. Place. — It is found wild in Staffordshire: and also on the mountains in the north of Ireland. Time.—lt flowers in May. SPURGE (ROUGH FRUITED.)—(Zuphorbia Verrucosa. ) . tren me 70 D and are broad, ort, 8 in smooth, of a pale n, and some- what . at the edges. The eee in small tufts at the top of the plant, they are a little round, of a yellowish green. The seed-vessel is roundish, large and ro, il is more conspicuous than in the other kinds, and has compared to a wart, the seeds are as large, SPURGE (SEA.)—(Luphorbia Paralias.) Descrip.—This has a singular appearance; the leaves encompass the stalk : and has. small greenish flowers at the 0, Ke the stalk ; the whole plant is perfectly smooth, and a blueish green colour. SPURGE (SUN.)—(Euphorbia Helioscopia.) Descrip. —The leaves are numerous, oblong, of an invert- oval figure, aud serrated at the edges: they have no foot- stalks, aud are smallest at the base, when they are broad- er all the way to the end: their colour is blueish green. The flowers stand at the top of the stalk, in a broad spread- ing umbel ; they are of a yellowish green. 352 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. Place.—This sort is often cultivated on garden borders, and on other cultivated grounds, Time.—It flowers in July and August. SPURGE (WOOD.)—(Zuphorbia Amygdaloides.) Descrip.—The stalks are numerous and firm, they are thick, upright, and round, and have a reddish bark, and under that a green one ; they grow a yard high, and not branched, except where they spread at the top for flower- . The leaves are large and numerous; they are long, narrow, and soft to the touch; their colour isa deep greyis green, and they are hairy on the upper side, but more so underneath, and their middle rib is red toward the base. The flowers are greenish, small, and very numerous, they stand at the top of the stalks on small divided branch es which spread into a kind of umbel, and which have at their insertions and divisions, shurter leaves than those on the stalks. The figure and disposition of the petals of the flower, form numerous crescents. insomuch, that the whole top in flower has a beautiful appearance. The whole plant is full of a caustic milky juice. Place,—This is frequent in woods and on heaths. Time.—It flowers in June. SQUILL.—(Scilla Maritima,) (S. Ornithogalum.) dee gut at 8 pore yp.—This has a nial root, consisting of a v large coated bulb, full of a thick slimy juice, and a large cluster of long, thick, white fibres, proceeding from its base. The leaves are three or four inches broad, of a thick juicy substance, smooth on the surface, entire at the edges, and of a fine bright green colour, The stem some- times grows to be three feet high, is round, slender, and of a tender succulent substance, The flowers grow in longish spikes, and they are small and white. ace.— It isa native of the sea-coasts of Italy and Spain, but here it is found only in the gardens of the curious, Time.—It flowers here in the middle of summer. Government and Virtues.—This is a hot biting martial lant. The root is bitter to the taste, and so acrid as to lister the skin if it is much handled ; taken internally in doses of a.few grains, it promotes the expectoration and urine; in larger doses it vomits, aud sometimes purges. It is one of the most certain diuretics in dropsical cases, and CULPEPER’S COMPLETE RERBAL. 353 expectorants in asthmtical ones, where the lungs or sto- mach are oppressea by tough viscid phlegm, or injured by the imprudent use of opiates. Being disagreeable in taste, it is given in the form of pill, made of the powdered root beaten into a mass, with the addition of syrup, or mucil- age of gum arabic, STAR-WORT (GARDEN.)—(Aster Hortense.) Descrip.—This grows to about a foot and a half high, with hairy Haves oot on the branches, without order 3 Pa ward the top it is divided into three or four branches, at the end of which grows a yellow flower like a murigold, but with a broader thrum and narrower petala ; close un- der each flower grow six or seven stiff roundish leaves, in form of a star, whence it takes its name; the seed is ob- eue and flat, of a blackish colour: the root is small rous, perishing every year. N a native of the southern part of Europe, and grows in this agg | only in gardens, Place. —It flowers iu July. Government and Pi, tues.— This is under the dominion of Mercury. The leaves are only used, which are com- mended against buboes and swellings in the groin. STAR-WORT (SEA.)—(Aster Tripoliwa,) (Tripolium Vulgare.) ip.—This grows spontaneously in the fields, It is & perennial; native of our damp grounds near the sea, and rivers; a handsome plant, of a yard high, with a rud- y branched stalk. ‘I'he leaves are smooth, narrow, of a fine The flowers are numerous, large, and blue, Time.—They bloom in Au Government ori Virtues.—This is under the dominion of Mercury. The leaves are cooling, and for burns, scalda, and inflammations, iu any part. e seed is nar- ootie and soporiferous, and rarely used. A slight tincture or infusion of the plant promotes peer and is good in feverish complaints. Phe juice boiled into a syrup with honey, is excellent in asthmatical complaints, and other disorders of the lungs ; and outwardly applied, is a cure for the itch, and other cutaneous disorders, STAR-WORT (SPRING-W ATER. )}—(Callitriche Verna.) Descrip.—This is like Fleavane, but smaller. The root ia small and fibrous; the stalk is round, reddish, upright, 354 CULPEPER’S COMPLETR HERBAL. and a foot high; the leaves are long, narrow, and of a live- ly green; the flowers stand at tbe tops of the branches, which they terminate, and are small and white, Place.—It is found in many of England, but seems owing to seeds scattered and blown out of gardens. Time. — This sort flowers in May. STAR-WORT (AUTUMNAL WATER.)—(Callitriche Autumnalis.) Descrip.—This differs from the former only in the time of flowering and the colour of the flower, which is some- times of a pale blue, sometimes purplish, just according to the accidents of the soil. Another of the species is found frequently in our salt-marshes with yellow flowers, but their shape and virtues are the same. Governmentand Virtues.—These are under Mercury, but are seldom used; however, it would be worth trying; they are unpleasant, but are excellent pectorals. STAVES-ACRE.—(Delphinium Staphisagria.) CALLED also Lousewort. Descrip.—This plant grows from a foot and a half to two feet high; the lower leaves are large and round, divi- ded into seven sharp-pointed segments deeply cut in. The leaves grow on the stalk, which is round and somewhat downy, are less, but alike in shape. The flowers grow on the tops of the stalk, of a blue colour, each flower is suc- ceeded by three or four crooked pods which contain two or three large brown wrinkled angular seeds. Place. A vativeof warm couutries, but grows in gardena, Time. — It flowers in July. ‘The seed only is used. Virtues.— It is seldom taken inwardly, being of a hot burning taste. It is sometimes used in masticatories and e oS for the tooth-ache. The powder is used to kill ice. The seed is given in small doses against rheumatic and venereal disorders ; they roughly vomit and purge, and it is better to omit their use internally. Chewed in the mouth, they largely expel watery humours from adja- cent parts, and are of service in disorders of the head. STONE CROP.—(Sedum Acre.) CALLED also Prick Madam, Small Houseleek, and Wall Pepper. Descrip.—lt grows with trailing branches on the ground, set with mauy thick, flat, roundish, whitish green leaves, CULPEPER 8 COMPLETE HERBAL, 355 ted at the ends. The flowers stand together loosely. e roots are small, and run creeping under ground. Place.—It is found on stone and mud walls, upon the tiles of houses, among rubbish, and in gravelly parts, Time. — It flowers in June and July, and the leaves are green all the winter. Government and Virtues.—It is under the dominion of the Moon, cold in quality, and somewhat binding, very 2 to stay defluxions, especially such as fall on the eyes. t stops bleeding, both inwardly and outwardly, helps can- kers, and fretting sores and ulcer; it prevents diseases that arise from choleric humours, expels poison, resists pesti- lential fevers, and is good for tertian agues; the decoction answers the same purposes. It is a harmless herb, bruis- ed aud applied to the place, it helps king’s-evil, and other knots or els in the flesh: as also the piles, but it should be used with caution. The juice taken inwardly excites vomiting. In scorbutic cases, aud quartan agues, it is a most excellent medicine, under proper management. STORAX TREE.—(Ligquidambar Styraciflua.) Descrip.—This tree grows like the Quince tree both in size aud form ; the leaves are long and round, white un- derueath and stiff. ‘The flowers stand both at the joints with leaves, and at the ends of the branches, aud consist of five or six white ones, with some threads in the middle, after which come berries set iv the cups that were flowers before, pointed at the ends, and hoary all over, each on a footstalk, containing within them certain kernels in small shells, and yields a clear fragrant gum of the colour of brown honey. Another kind has three or five broad leaves, which come forth out of knots from a round root, covered with a crested, or joiuted bark, standing on small blackish long stalks, divided into three or five parts, full of vei dented about the edges, and pointed at the ends. A thi sort is called the Red Storax. Place.—The first grows in France, and Italy, Candy, Greece, and Turkey, where it yields no gum ; but in Sy- ria, Cilicia, Pamphy lia, Cyprus, and those hotter countries, it thrives considerably. Time.— It flowers in spring, yields fruit in September. Governmentand Virtues.—'l his is a Solar plant, and only the gum is used. It is bot in the second degree, and dry in the first. It heals, mollifies, and digesta, ond is good $56 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. for coughs, catarrhs, distillations of rheum and hoarseness, Pills made with a little turpentine, gently loosens the bel- ly. It resists cold poisons. Dropped into the ears, it helps the singing and noise in them. STRAWBERRIES.—(Fragarita Vesca.) Tus plant is so well known that it needs no description. Place.—It grows in woods, and is planted in gardens, Time.—It flowers in May, the fruit ripeus soon after. Government and Virtues.—Venus owns the herb. The fruit when green, is cool and dry; but when ripe cool and moist; the berries cool the liver, the blood, and the spleen, or a hot choleric stomach; refresh and comfort fainting spirits and quench thirst; they are good for inflammations, yet it is best to refrain from them in a fever, lest by their putrefying in the stomach, they increase the fits. The roots and leaves boiled in wine and water, and drank, cool the liver and blood, and assuage all inflammations in the reins and bladder, provoke urine, and allay their heat and sharp- ness, The same if drank, stays the bloody flux and wo- mens courses, and helps the swelling of the spleen. The water of the berries carefully disti od is a remedy and cordial in the Surg, oe beating of the heart, and good for the jaundice, e juice dropped into foul ulcers, or washed therewith, or the decoction of the herb and root, cleanses and helps to cure them. Lotions and gargles for sore mouths, or ulcers therein, or in the privy parts or elsewhere, are made with the leaves and roots thereof ; it is also good to fasten loose teeth, and to heal spongy gums. It helps to stay catarrhs, or defluxions of rheum in the mouth, throat, teeth, or eyes. The juice or water is sin- gularly good for hot or inflamed eyes, if dropped into them, or they bathed therewith. STRAWBERRY CINQUEFOIL.—(Potentilla Fraga- riastrum,) (Fragaria Sterilis.) Descrip.—The root is large, reddish, and woody, divided at the the top into several heads, and has a few fibres. The footstalks of the leaves are four inches long, tender, and hairy. The leaves are broad, oblong, hairy, serrated, and not unlike those of strawberry, but less, of the winged kind, not fingered as in the ordinary Cinquefoils. e stalk is round, firm, erect, about two and a half feet high ‘The flowers are numeron large, and white. They stand at CULPEPER’s COMPLETE HERBAL 857 the tops of the branches, succeeded each by a cluster of seeds, resembling a strawberry, whence the name. Place.—It grows wild in Cumberland and Wales. Dime. —It flowers in May and June. Government and Virtues.—It is under Jupiter. The root possesses a considerable astringency, and is excellent in the overflowing of the menses, and in bloody stools. The best way of giving it is in powder, its dose is a scruple. leaves in an infusion are diuretic. It is good in intermittant fevers. SUCCORY (GARDEN.)—(Cichorium Sativum.) jp.—This has longer and narrower leaves than the Endive, and more cut on the edges, the root abides many years. It bears blue flowers, and the seed is hardly dis- tinguishable from the seed of ordinary Endive, | SUCCORY (WILD.)—(Cichorium Intybus.) : ip.—The difference between this and the garden kind is, its growing wild, and not rising on the ground, much cut in on both the edges, even to the middle rib, ending in a point; sometimes it has a rib down to the mid- dle of the leaves, from among which rises up a round, untilled and barren fields. e other only in gardens. Government fectual against lingering agues; and a dram of the seed in 3 in wine, before the fit of ague, helps to ve it away. The distilled water of the herb and flow- ers has the like properties, and is good for hot stomachs, and in agues, either pestilential or of long continuance ; for swooning and passious of the heart, for heat and he- 358 OULPEPER S COMPLETE HERBAL ache in children, and for the blood and liver. The water, or the juice, or the bruised leaves applied outwardly, al- a swellings, inflammations, St. Anthony’s fire, pushes, wheals and pimples, especially used with a little vinegar; as also to wash pestiferous sores. The water is effectual also for sore eyes that are inflamed, for nurses’ breasts that are pained by the abundance of milk. ' SUCCORY (YELLOW.)—(Cichorium Hieracioides, ) Descrip.—This has a thick taper root, brown on the outside, and white within, full of bitter milk. It grows deep in the ground ; the lower leaves resemble those of the dandelion in shape, and tooth-like sections ; but they are r and hairy; the stalk rises about a yard high, striated, hairy, and angular, with leaves set on without footstalks, almost encompassing the stalk, being sharp- pointed at the end. Among these grow the flowers, set on close to the stalk several together, of a fine gold yellow, composed of several rows of flat petala indented at the ends: the seed is brown and longish, and grows not in down like the seed of the Dandelion, Place.—It is planted in gardens, Time.—It flowers in June. Government and Virtues.—It is under Jupiter, and is aperative and diuretic, opening obstructions of the liver, and is good for the jaundice: the seed partakes of the same virtues, in a lower degree; it is also good to destroy worms. The root, leaves, flowers, and seed, are used. SUMACH.—/( Rhus Cotinus. ) Descrip.—The root is large, long, divided, and woody. The stem is shrubby, thick, and covered with a brown rough bark ; it is divided into several branches, the bark of which is of a lighter colour, set with thorus. The leaves are winged ; they grow in 1 are notched round the edges, attached to the middle rib, and terminated by an odd one; their colour is dark green. The flowers are pro- duced in spikes at the extremities ; these spikes are long, thick, and woolly, and the flowers are small and purple. Place.—It is a native of the warmer climates, but we have it in our gardens. Time.—It flowers in the summer months. Government and Virtues.—It is under the dominion of Jupiter. The seeds dried, reduced to powder and taken OULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAI 359 ip mall doses, stop purgings and hemorrha ges, the young shoots have t 3 in strengthening the stomac and bowels, u taken iu a strong infusion The bark of the roots has the same virtues, but in an inferior degree. SUN DEW. Drosera Anglica.) Descrip.—It has small, round, hollow leaves, somewhat greenish, but full of red hairs, which make them look very red, every one standing upon its own footstalk, reddish, aud hairy likewise. The leaves are continually moist in the hottest day, yea, the hotter the sun shines, the moist- er they are, the small hairs always holding this moisture, Among these leaves rise up sleuder stalks, reddish also, three or four fingers high, * small whitish knobs one above another, these are flowers, which afterwards con- tain small seed. The root is a few small hairs, Place. It grows usually in bogs and wet places, and sometimes in moist woods. Time. —It flowers in June, and then the leaves are fit- test to be gathered. | Government and Virtues.—The Sun rules it, and it is under the sign Cancer. The leaves, bruised and applied to the skin, erode it, and bring out such inflammations as are uot easily removed. The juice destroys warts and corns, if a little be frequently put upon them, SWALLOW-WORT.—( Asclepias Syriaca.) Descrip.—The roots are slender and stringy, spreading much in the ground, sending up many tough stalks, about two feet high, very sleuder, set opposite to one another, on very short footstalks, round at the base, an inch aud a half broad at the widest part, and about three inches long, growing narrower, and sharp-pointed; on the tops of the stalks come forth small bunches of five-leaved star- fashion white flowers; each of them in warm countries where it is natural, is succeeded by two long slender pods, which contain small flat seed, lying among a silky down, Place. — It grows with us only in gardens, Time. — It flowers in June. Government and Virtues.—J upiter owns this plant. The root, which is the only part used, is a counter-poison, both against the bad effects of poisonous herbs, and the bites and stings of venomous creatures; it is helpful against malignant pestilential fevers, which it carries off by sweat; it is likewise good against the dropsy and jaundice, 860 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. SYCAMORE TREE.—(Acer Psoudo-platanus.) Descrip.—There are two sorts of this tree, the one bear- ing fruit out of the body and greater arms of the tree only, the other upon stalks without leaves. The first grows larger than the mulberry-tree, with round long leaves, vointed at the ends, and dented about the edges; it bears fruit, but no flower, differing in that from all other trees. The whole tree abounds with milk. The root is solid and black, and abides fresh long after it is felled. The other, which is called the Sycamore of Cyprus, grows as tall as a plum tree, with broad and sienna round leaves. Place.—The first grows chiefly in Egypt, Syria, and Arabia, and the other in Cyprus, Caria, Rhodes, &c. Government and Virtues.—They are under the particu- lar influence of Venus. The fruit makes the belly solub but by its over-much moisture troubles the stomach an eye little nourishment. The milk taken from the tree, y gently piercing the bark, afterwards dried and made into troches, softens and dissolves tumours, and solders and closes her the lips of green wounds. The fruit, being applied as a plaster, has the same effect. TAMARISK-TREE.—( Tamariz Gallica. ) Descrip.—This never grows to any great size in Eng- land, though in its native country it does, with a brown rough dark bark. The younger branches are a chestnut solour, clothed with fine tender green leaves, thinner and finer than those of cypress; the flowers grow in N spikes at the ends of the younger shoots, about an inch long, se- veral spikes growing together, each cousisting of a great many small, five-leaved, pale red flowers, which are suc- ceeded by very small seed, included in a para substance. Place.—It is ange only in gardens in England, its native place is Spain, and the southern parts of France The wood, bark, and leaves are used. Time.—It flowers about the end of May, or in June; and the seed is ripe in the beginning of September. Government and Virtues.—This a Saturnine herb, The root, leaves, young branches, or bark boiled in wine, and drank, stays the bleeding of the hemorrhoidal veins, the itting of blood, the too abounding of womens’ courses, the jaundice, the colic, and the bites of venomous serpents; outwardly applied, it is powerful against the hardness ef CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 361 spleen, the tooth-ache, pains in the ears, red and water- eyes. The decoction, with some honey added, is stay gangrenes and fretting ulcers, and to wash those are subject to nits and lice. Its ashes heal burns and ds, It helps the dropsy, arising from the hardness of and therefore to drink out of cups made of the is good for splenetic persons. It is helpful for me- lancholy, and the black jaundice that arises therefrom. TANSY (COMMON.)—(Tannacetum Vulgare.) Descrip.—The leaves are of a bright and pleasant and a very fragrant smell, not coarse as that of the sundae Tansy, but a pleasant aromatic. The stalk grows upright, branchy, of a light green, and a yard high; the flowers are large, of a bright yellow. The leaves are winged, the small ones deeply cut in; and the root is of a dark brown colour. Place.—This sort is most frequently found wild on high grounds, and dry pastures, It is a perennial. Time.—It blooms in July and August. Government and Virtues.—This g pone Venus, Itisan agreeable bitter, a carminative, and a destroyer of wo for which a powder of the flowers should be taken ri six to twelve grains at night and morning. Care is re- quired in collecting them, to obtain their virtue. Clip off a . Tausy- flowers, before they are over- blown, close to the stalk. This must be done in the middle of a dry day ; them on the bottom of a hair-sieve turn- ed wn; shake them often about, and let the wind pass through them, but keep them from the sun, and thus you may have them always, The leaves only are and are astringent and vulnerary, good to stop all kinds of fluxes and preternatural evacuations, to dissolve congealed olood, to help those who are bruised by falls: outwardly it is used as a cosmetic, to take off freckles, sun-burn, and w ; as also in restringent gargarisms, The powder of the herb taken in some of the distilled water, helps the whites in women, but more * if a little coral and ivory in powder be put to it. It belps children that have a rupture, if boiled in water and salt. If boiled in water and d it eases the griping pains of the bowels, and is good for the sciatica and joint aches, The same boiled in SLESEE j vinegar, with honey and alum, and gargled in the mouth, eases the tooth-ache, fastens loose teeth, helps the gums that are sore, settles the palate of the mouth to its place, 362 OCULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL when it has fallen down. The distilled water cleanses the skin of all discolourings, as morphow, sun-burns, pimples, freckles, &c. ; dropped into the eyes, or cloths wet therein and applied, takes away their heat and inflammations. TANSY (GARDEN. Tannacetwm Hortis.) Desorip.— This is a low plant, which never rises up to stalk, but creeps upon the ground, emitting tibres from the joints, by which it roots iu the earth, and spreads out much; the leaves are made up of several piunæ set oppo- site, each about an inch long, and not half so broad, ser- rated about the edges, covered with a shining silver-co- loured down : the flowers grow at the joints, on long foot- stalks, of five leaves, like Cinquefoil. The root is slender, with many fibres of a dark brown colour. Place. It grows in gardens, and botanical plantations, Government and Virtues.— Veuus owns this herb, which when bruised and applied to the navel, stays mi i It consumes phlegmatic humours which the cold aud moist constitution of winter usually affects the body with, and that was the first reason for eating Tansies in the spring. The decoction, or the juice drank in wine, is a remedy for all disorders that come by the stopping of urine, helps the strangury, and weak reins ad kidneys. It is profitable to to expel wind from the stomach, belly, and bowels, to pro- cure womens’ courses, and expel windiness in the matrix, if bruised and applied to the lower part of the belly. The herb fried Ak eggs, helps to digest and down- wards those bad humours that trouble the stomach. The seed or juice | tho in driuk to children is effectual to cure worms. If boiled in oil, it is good for shrunken sin- ews, or when pained with cold, if applied thereto. TARE (VETCH COMMON BLACK.)—/( Eroum Hir- sutum,) ( Vicia Hirsuta. Descrip.—The stalks are angular, weak, and leaning, beset alternately at the joints with long leaves, with a ten- dril at their end, made of ten or a dozen small roundish pinuæ, a little hollowed in, with a spinula at the end: they are sometimes a little hairy. The flowers usually grow two together, upright, of a purple colour, followed by small flattish pods, containing three or four small black seeds, Piace.—It is sown in the fields. l Time. —It flowers in May, the seed is ripe in August and September. CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 363 Government and Virtues.—It is under the Moon in an airy figure. It is rarely used in medicine, but it is given in a decoction made of milk, to drive out the small-pox and measles. TARRAGON.—( Artemisia Dracunculus.) Descrip.—This has many round stalks full of branches, clothed with long narrow leaves, sharp-pointed, smooth, and shining ; on the top of the stalks grow the flowers small and greenish, few in number, and thin set, on long footstalks. The leaves have a strong smell and taste. Pilace,—It is planted in gardens. Time.—It flowers in July and August. Government and Virtues.—The b which are chiefly used, are heating and drying, and good for those that have the flux, or any preternatural discharge. It is a mild mar- tial plant. An infusion of the young tops increases the urinary discharge, and gently promotes the menses. TEA.—( Thea Bohea,) (Camellia Bohea.) Descrip.—It has a woody spreading root, several slen- der branches, with numerous oblong leaves, flowers like those of the dog-rose, and a fruit composed of one, two, or three berries. Only one species is known, and the differ- ence there is when it comes to us proceeds from the soil, age, climate, method of collection, and curing. The pre- paration of the leaves consists in drying and roasting them over the fire in an iron pan, and rolling them, while hot, with the hand on a mat, till they become curled, it is then sent to this country in ary, chests of tin and lead. Place. It is a native of China and Japan, and is culti- vated in all the Eastern parts. Virtwes.—Green Tea (Thea Viridis,) (Camellia Pi- ridis,) is diuretic, and carries an agreeable roughness with it into the stomach, which gently astringes the fibres of that organ, and gives such a tone as is neces- sary for a good digestion: the Bohea is softening and nutritious, and proper in all inward decays, Strong tea is 3 to weak nerves, but is salutary for vio- lent head-ache and sickness occasioned by inebriation. , TEASEL (MANURED.)—( Dipsacus Fullonum.) Catuxp also Fuller’s Thistle. Descrip.—This grows tall, with a stiff, hard-furrow very prickly stalk, The lower leaves are long, large, 364 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL sharp-pointed, indented about the edges, smooth above, but with the middle rib of the upper part full of prickles, The leaves, which grow on the stalks, like a trough, catch the dew or rain which falls, and are likewise prickly un- derneath. The stalks are divided into several branches, bearing on their tops large heads full of crooked prickly hooks, among which grow several purplish hollow soutien each in a particular cell; and after them come longish, square, striated seed. The root is pretty large and whitish. Piace.—It is cultivated in the geld. Time.—It flowers in July. TEASEL (WILD.)—(Dipsacus Silvestris.) Descrip.—This grows larger and higher than the former with the like stiff-crested and prickly stalk, especially in the upper ; the stalk is single, divided into — Gi ; the lower leaves are long, narrow, and prickly underneath, The leaves, which grow on the stalk, are joined together, qneom nang Se stalk, and catching the rain; but it more particularly differs in the heads, which have their prickles growing erect, not hooked like the former; and each head aving at the bottom several stiff ee radii growing in a circle; the flowers grow like the former, succeeded by the like seed. The root is thick, and full of fibres. Place.—It grows upon banks in the borders of fields, Time.—It flowers in Juve and July. Government and Virtues,—The virtues of both Teasels are the same; the roots, which are the only parts used, are said to have a cleansing faculty. The water found in the hollow of the leaves is commended as a collyrium to cool inflammation of the eyes, and as a cosmetic to render the face fair. They are under the dominion of Venus. THISTLE (BLESSED.)—(Carduus Benedictus.) Descrip.— From asmall woody root, which perishes, after the seed is ripe, there rises several reddish hairy stalks, about two feet high, on which rise long hairy green leaves, cut in on both sides into several lacinis or jags, each ter- minating in a small harmless spinula. On the top of the stalks grow the flowers in round hea ay, af with leaves smaller and shorter than those w, less jagged, somewhat more prickly : they are yellow and fistular, stand- ing in scaly calices, each scale of which ends in a slender long spine, denticulated on both sides, The seed is longish, sound, and striated, of a brown colour, encompassed at the OULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 365 top with a crown of stiff bristles, standing out like the feathers of a shuttlecock. The whole plant is very bitter. Place.—It is sown every year in gardens, Time. —It flowers in June. Government and Virtues.—Mars rules this Thistle. It is cordial and sudorific, ro for all sorts of malignant and pestilential fevers, and for agues of all kinds, It destroys worms in thestomach, and is good against all sorts of poison. THISTLE UPON THISTLE.—(Polycantha Crispa.) Descrip.—This has long thick roots with many fibres ; the leaves are long and narrow, of a deep green, divided at the edges, and very prickly ; the are numerous, tough, upright, branched, and edged with sharp prickles ; the flowers stand on the tops of the branches in numerous ern Place. —It is common under edges. Time.—It flowers in July. THISTLE (DWARF MAY.)—(Polycantha Acaulos.) Descrip.—In some placed it is called the Dwarf Carline Thistle. It has a long and thick root, with many fibres ; the leaves lie spread upon the ground, long and large, set with sharp prickles ; the flowers grow low and large in the middle, scarcely rising from the ground, of a fine purple. Place.—It is common in dry pastures in many of our southern counties, and likewise upon Blackheath. Time.—lt flowers in July. THISTLE (LADY’S.)—(Carduus Marianus,) (Silybum Marianum. Descrip.— This is a stately and beautiful plant. The root is long, and furnished with many fibres. The stalk is upright, firm, regularly branched, five feet high. The leaves very large, long, broad, irregularly notched at the edges, of a deep green, veined and variegated with blueish white. The flowers are large and purple, with prickly heads, Place. —It is common in open pastures and waste places. Time. —It flowers in July. THISTLE (LANCED GENTLE.)—(Cnicus Lanceolatus,) (Cirsium Lanceolatum.) Descrip.—It grows upright, from which it is denomina- ted a lance. ‘he root is long and slender,but the stalk, though soft, is tough, three feet high, not divided into 366 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. branches. The leaves are greyish green, regularly notch- ed and sinuated at the edges. The stalk as well as the leaves is beset with many sharp prickles. The flower eee in a stately manner single upon the top of the ranches, and is of a beautiful blueish purple. Place.—It grows in damp ground. Time.—It flowers in July. THISTLE ann ‘Palustris,) (Cirsium alustre.) 1 Descrip.—The root has tough brown fibres, with an up- right root, not much branched, seven feet high, usually of a brownish colour, tinged with purple, and very prickly. The leaves are broadish and long, of a deep green, set with thorns. The flowers stand at the tops of the stalks, six or eight together ; and they are of a deep purple. Place.—It is frequeut in meadows in the Isle of Ely. Time.—It flowers in June. THISTLE (MUSK.)—(Carduus Nutans.) Descrip.—The root is thick, long, and furnished with fibres, The stalk is five feet high, upright, of a brownish colour. The leaves are. many, Taran and divided at the edges, of a dusky colour, and beset with prickles. The flowers are large and purple, and frequently there is one at the extremity of the stalk, which hangs ping. Place.—It is frequent in p pastures. Time.—It flowers in June. THISTLE (SAINT BARNABY’S.)—(Cardwus Solsti- tiaria Flava.) Descrip.—The root is long, slender, black, and has few fibres. ‘The first leaves spread circularly on the ground; they are long, deeply divided, of a faint green. The stalk is tough, firm, upri ght, and two feet high: the leaves on it resemble those from the root; and they are of a faint green also. The flowers stand in small prickly heads at the tops of the branches ; and they are of a beautiful yellow. Place. We have it in dry pastures in some parts of England ; but it is not common. me. It flowers in June. THISTLE (SPEAR.) — (Ascal ea, Carduus Lanceolata.) Desorip.— The root is long and has many fibres. The stalk is upright, six feet high, very prickly, and divided into many branches. The leaves are long and large: their — —— CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL 367 eclour is a pale green, and they are deeply divided at the edges into pointed segments; and at the end are formed in the same mauuer, like the point of a spear. The flowers grow at the tops of the branches, and are large and purple, Placs.— It is common in waste grounds, Time.—It flowers in July. THISTLE (STAR) -( Centaurea Calcitrapa.) v. — This has narrow leaves lying next the ground, eut dee y on the edges, soft, a little woolly, green all over, among which rise up weak stalks parted into branches, all lying to the ground, so it seems a pretty bush, set with the same kind of leaves up to the tops, where severally stand small whitish green heads, set with sharp white pricks, which are somewhat yellowish; out of the middle whereof rises the flowers, composed of many small reddish purple threads; and in the heads, after the flowers are past, come small whitish round seed lying down as the others do. The root is small, long, and woody, perishing every year, and rising again of its own sowing. Place.—It grows wild in the fields about London. Time. It flowers early, and seeds in July, and some- times in August. Virtues.— The seed made into powder, and drank in wine, a urine, and helps to break the stone, and expel it. root powdered, and taken in wine, is good against the plague and ANN ; drank in the morning fasting, it is very profitable for a fistula in any part of the body. MUM? isceucatany Te (Serratula Arvensis. Descrip.—The root is white and creeping; the stalks are numerous, tough, of a pale green, smooth, not much branched, and a yard high. The leaves are numerous, long, moderately b and of a strong green ; they are deeply and irregularly notched and sinuated on the edges, beset by long prickles, The flowers terminate the branches in numerous small heads, and are of a pale purple. Place.—It is common in fields and under 16 Time,—It flowers in July. THISTLE (WELTED MAY.)—(Carduus Acanthoides.) Descrip.—The root is long, thick, and furnished with many fibres. The stalk is three feet high, with prickly membranes from the base of the leaves, of a dusky green. 868 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL The leaves are oblong, very broad, dented and sinuated at the edges, and very prickly. The flowers grow in small heads at the tops of the stalks, and among the upper leaves, and they are of a pale red. | Place.—It is usually found on ditch-banks in loamy soils. Time. — It flowers in August. Government and Virtues.—The Thistles in general are under Jupiter. Their medicinal properties are very few. They are celebrated by German physicians as stomachic and sudorific, but are not esteemed by our physicians. THISTLE (WILD CARLINE.)—(Carlina Vulgaris.) Descrip.—The root has numerous fibres connected to a large head. The stalk is upright, firm, branched towards the top, seven or eight feet high. The leaves are large, long, and very b of a fine deep green, and divided in the spear-pointed manner at the sides and ends, The flow- ers terminate the branches: they are very large, of a fine purple, and when quite open, have a grand appearance. lace.—It is common in our northern counties, and is also found in the neighbourhood of Bristol. Time.—It flowers in July and August. THISTLE (WOOLLY-HEADED.)~{ Cnicus Eriophorus.) Descrip.—The root is fibrous. The stalk upright, thick, 1 and five feet high. The leaves are long, and ra- ther broad, beautifully divided, like Spear Thistles, but with more numerous and more regular segments. Their colour is deep green. The flowers grow at the tops of the branches in large woolly heads; of a fine deep purple. Place. —It is found in our western counties, but is scarce. Time.—It flowers in August. THORN-APPLE.—(Datura Stramoniwm.) r has a large divided and fibrcus root; the stem is thick, firm, upright, brauched, and two or three feet high: the leaves are large, broad, sharp- pointed, su ported on short, firm leaf-stalks, a little indented at the edges, of a firmish texture, and a dark green colour. The flowers come out at the di visions of the stem and branches; and white; the seeds are many and kidney-shaped. ace. It is a native of the southern parts of America, but flourishes very well in our gardens, Time.—It flowers in April. OULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 369 Government and Pirtues.— Jupiter governs this plant. The juice pressed out of the plant, and inspissated to an extract, has been taken in doses from half a grain toa dram, in twenty-four hours, in epileptic disorders, convul- sions, and madness. An ointment made of the leaves is cooling and repelling. THORNBERRY (BLACK.)—(Acacia Germanica.) Descrip.—This shrub rises about four feet high. The branches are thorny, and have a deep brown bark ; the leaves are oblong, broad, and of a fine green ; the flowers are white; and the berries when ripe of a dark purple, and covered with a greyish dust. Place.—It grows in the hedges and borders of fields. Time.—It flowers in March and April, but the fruit ri- pens after all other plums whatsvever, and it is unfit to eat until the autumn frost mellows it. Government and Virtues.—All ce this bush are hss cooling, and dry, and all effectual to stay bleed- ing at the nose and mouth, or any other place, the lax of the belly or stomach, or the bloody- flux, or the too much abounding of womens’ courses, and helps to ease the pains of the 1 bowels, that come by over-much scour- ing, to drink the decoction of the bark of the roots, or the decoction of the berries, either fresh or dried. The leaves are good to make lotions to gargle and wash the mouth and throat wherein are swellings, sores, or kernels, and to stay the defluxions of rheum to the eyes, or other parts; to cool the heat and inflammations of them, and to ease hot pains of the head, by bathing the temples and forehead therewith. THOROUGH-LEAF.—(Zeupleurum Campestris.) 5.— This sends forth a straight round stalk, two feet high, whose lower leaves are of a blueish colour, and smaller and narrower than those higher up, and stand close thereto, The flowers are small and yellow, standing in tufts at the heads of the branches, where afterwards grow the seed, which is blackish. The root is small, long, and woody 1 annually, after seed - time, and rises again plentif ly of ite own sowing. Place. It is found in corn-fielda, Time.—It blooms in July. Government and Virtwes.—Saturn has the dominicn of N 870 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL this plant. It is useful for all sorts of bruises and wounds either inward or outward ; and old ulcers and sores like- wise, if the decoction of the herb with water and wine be drunk, and the place washed therewith, or the juice of the green herb bruised, or boiled, either by itself, or with other herbs, in oil or hog’s-grease, to be made into an oint- ment to serve all the year. THOROUGH-WAX (COMMON.)—(Bupleurum Rotundifolium.) Descrip.—The root is long, slender, white, and furnish- ed with a few fibres. The leaves are large, broad, ob- long, undivided, of a blueish n. The flowers stand at the tops of the branches, and are moderately large and yellow. The seeds are and round. Place.—It is sometimes found in corn-fields, Time.—It flowers in August. Government and Virtues.— This is under Jupiter, and is excellent to stay all kinds of fluxes of blood, or humours in man or woman, whether at nose, mouth, or belly. The juice of the herb or root, or the decoction, taken with some enice treacle, and the person laid to sweat, expels any venom or poison, or the playue, fever, or other contagious THOROUGH WAX (WHITE.)—(Bupleurum Rotundioliwm Album.) Descrip.—This has a small fibrous, sticky root, from which rise smooth, and frequently reddish stalks, The leaves are of a blueish green colour, of an oval sha smooth, not indented on the edges, full of nerves, which run obliquely from the ceutre to the circumference of the leaf; they are perforated by the stalk, which ruus through them, and is divided towards the top iuto several branch- es, at the ends of which grow small umbels of yellow tlow- ers, usually five together, upon oue stalk, with as many small leaves under each umbel, the three outermost being largest; each Hower is succeeded by two oblong seeds. dcs. It grows only among the corn. Time.—It flowers in June and July, The whole plant is used. Government and PFirtues.— This is a plant of Jupiter in Virgn, It is among the vuluerary plants, serviceable in green wounds, bruises, ruptures, contusions, old ulcers and sorea, either given in powder or the decoction. RO — — — CULPEPER S COMPLETE HERBAL 871 THRIFT (COMMON.)—(Armeria Maritima,) (Armeria Vulgaris,) (Statice Armeria.) ip.—This has long, narrow, grassy n leaves ; they are smooth, undivided at the edges, and sharp-point- ed. The stalk rises in the centre of a tuft of these leaves, and is round, upright, simple, naked, and of a pale, grey- ish green colour. The flowers stand at the top, a number together, in a round cluster, pretty large, of a pale fleshy set ee The seed is small, round, and of a pale brown. /ace.—It is most common about the sea coast. Government and Virtues.—It is a plant of Saturn; very astringent, but not often used. THYME (COMMON GARDEN.)—( Thymus Vulgaris.) r root is fibrous, the stalks numerous, hard, bend 2 eee mn ten ries high. re ves are short, inted, and of a green. The flowers are small, very ear and of a pale red; the seeds are roundish, small, brown, and glossy. Place.—A native of India, but is found in every garden. Time,—It flowers in June. Government and Virtues.—It is a strengthener of the lungs ; a good remedy for the chin-cough in children. It purges the body of phlegm, and is an excellent remedy for the shortness of breath. It kills worms in the belly, and being a notable herb of Venus, provokes the terms, gives safe and speedy delivery to women in travail, and brings away the after-birth. An ointment made of it takes away hot swellings and warts, helps the sciatica and dullness of ight, and takes away pains and hardness of the spleen : it is excelleut for those that are troubled with the gout ; as also, to avoint the testicles that are swelled. It eases pains in the loins aud hips, The herb taken inwardly, comforts the stomach much, and expels wind. THYME, (WILD, OR MOTHER OF.)—~ Thymus Serpyl/um.) ip.—This plant has a small, stringy, creeping roo from which rise a great number of ver eas euiog woody stalks, having two small, N green lea ves, set at a joint, on short footstalka. The flowers grow on the tops of the stalks among the leaves, in small loose spikes of a reddish purple colour. The leaves and flowers have a strong pleasant moll 372 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL Place. —It is frequent on hilly heaths, in dry pastures, and by road sides. Time.—The flowers appear in July. Government and Virtues.—The whole plant is fragrant, and yields an essential oil that is very heating. An infu- sion of the leaves removes head-ache, occasioned by ine- briation. It is under Venus, and is excellent for nervous disorders, A strong infusion, drank as tea, is 22 and a very effectual remedy for head-ache, giddiness, an other disorders of that kind; and a certain remedy for that troublesome complaint, the night - mare. TOBACCO.—{ Nicotiana Tubacam.) Descrip.—It rises from a em fibrous root ; the stem is robust, round and hairy, branched, and two or three feet high ; the leaves are large, numerous, of an oblong form, pointed at the end, entire in the sides, of a dusky green colour, and clammy to the touch, The flowers are numer- ous, large, of a reddish colour ; they terminate the stem pe brauches, and make a pretty appearance at a distance. The seeds are numerous, round, and small. Place. A nativedf the West Indies, but grows in gardens. Time. When sown in a hot-bed in spring, it arrives at a tolerable degree of perfection in summer, Government and Virtues.—It isa hot martial plant. A slight infusion of the fresh 8 leaves vomits rough - ly; isa medicine for rheumatic pains ; an ointment made of them, with hog’s-lard, is good for painful and in- flamed piles. The distilled oil dropped on cotton cures the tooth-ache, if applied. The 2 lea ves, or a decoc- tion of them, kill lice, and other vermin. The smoke of Tobacco injected in the manner of a clyster, is of efficacy in stoppages of the bowels, for destroying small worms, and for the recovery of persons apparently drowned, TOOTHCRESS (BULBIFEROUS.)—(Dentaria Bulbifera.) Descrip.—The root is thick, and of an irregular figure, and runs obliquely under the surface. The first leaves are oblong, narrow, undivided, and of a pale green; they have short footstalks, and rise in little tufts. The stalk is round, slender, a pale green, and is a foot anda half high. The leaves ure placed alternately on it from the bottom to the top, and they resemble those from the root: 7 50 have short footatalks, long, narrow, aharp- pointed, a little undulated OCULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL, 373 N of a pale green. The flowers stand in a short spike at the top of the stalk, which droops; they hang all on one side, large, white, with a blush of purple. Place.—It is scarce, sometimes found among bushes in open situations, in some parts of England. Time.—It flowers in July and August. Government and Virtwes.—It is under Mars, and is a vuluerary. It is recommended to stop all kinds of uxes and hemorrhages ; em to consolidate wounds, fractures and ruptures, especially the root. A cataplasm of the root takes away black marks occasioned hy contusions. TORMENTIL.—( Tormentilla Officinalis. ) tok root is thick and , reddish in the in- i ith small fibres; the stalks are long and slender, and le to support themselves, It has seven long narrow leaves rising at a joint, serrated only at the ends. The flow. ers are small and yellow, of four leaves with a few stamina in the middle; the seed is small, growing naked onthe calyx. Place.—It grows in woods, and on commons. Time.—It flowers in June and July. The roots are used. Government and Virtues.—This is aherb of the Sun, It is excellent to stay all kinds of fluxes of blood or humours in man or woman, whether at nose, mouth, or belly. The juice of the herb or root, or the decoction thereof, taken with some Venice treacle, and the person laid to sweat, expels any venom or poison, or the plague, fever, or other contagious diseases ; it is an ingredieut in all antidotes or counter-poisons, The root taken inwardly is most effica- cious to help any flux in the belly, stomach, spleen, or blood; and the juice opens obstructions of the liver and lungs, and thereby helps the jaundice. It is my power- ful in ruptures, and bruises or falls, used outwardly or in- wardly. The root made up with Pellitory of Spain and alum, and put into a hollow tooth, not only assuages the pain, but stays the flux of humours which causes it. It is a no less effectual remedy against outward wounds, sores and — . than for in ward, and is therefore a special in- gredient in wound drinka, lotions, and injections, for foul rotten sores and ulcers of the mouth, secreta, or other parts of the body 874 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL TORMENTIL (CREEPING.)—( Tormentilla Reptans. ) Descrip.—The root has a small head, with many fibres, which are brown, tough, and of an austere taste. The leaves are divided, and stand on short, reddish footstalks, a little hairy: they are of a fine green colour, and deeply serrated. The stalks rise in the centre of these, four or five feet from each head of the root ; they are long, slen- der, reddish, and run upon the ground, sending roots down- wards at every joint, and tufts of leaves, and often stalks upwards. The flowers are large, of a beautiful yellow, with a little tuft of paler threads in the centre, and when these fall, the seeds ripen, in a small oval cluster. P/ace.—It is found on the edge of Charlton forest, Sussex. iy iP oes virtues . er 4 es ppodey in 75 ; e flowers are bin and drying, or dy- eee and diarrhœas, e-. attendant upon si nant fevers; they are also alexipharmic. They are service- able in hemorrhages of the nose, mouth, or womb ; they fasten loose teeth, and help the falling of the uvula. TREFOIL.—( Trifolium.) CALLxp also Honey-Suckle. Descrip.—The root grows long and slender, with many fibres. The first leaves are supported on long slender foot- stalks, of a pale green; three leaves grow on each footstalk; and they are of a deep green, broad, short, and marked with a crescent-like white spot, in the middle. The stulks are numerous, short, and procumbent: they are divided into branches as they run upon the ground, and send out a great many leaves of the same form and structure with the first, and the stalks of the flowers among them; these are slender, like those of the leaves, and of the same pale n. The flowers are small and white, numerous, in a round thick head, each cell containing four small seeds. Place.—It grows in almost every place in this country. Time.—It flowers in June. Government and Virtues.—Mercury has dominion over the common sorts. The leaves and flowers are to ease the paius of the gout, if the herb be boiled and used as a clyster. If the herb be made into a poultice, and applied to inflammations, it will ease them. The herb boiled in lard, and made into an ointment, is good to apply to the bites of venomous creatures. The decoction of the herb CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERE. 875 and flowers, with the seed and root, taken for some time, helps those troubled with the whites. The seed and flowers boiled in water, and made into a poultice with some oil, and applied, helps hard swellings and imposthumes, TREFOIL (HEART.)—( Trifolium Cordatis. ) v. — Besides the ordinary kind, here is one which may be ealled Heart Trefoil, not because it is triangular, like a heart, but because each leaf coutains the perfect icon of a heart, and that in its proper colour, viz., a Naa colour. Place. — It grows by the way-side in various parts. Government und Virtues.—It is under the dominion of the Sun, and isa great strengthener of the heart, and cher- isher of the spirits, relieving those who faint and swoon; it is a remedy against poison and pestilence, and defeuds the heart agaiust the noisome vapours of the spleen. TREFOIL (PEARL) Trifolium Lotus.) v. —-It differs from the common sort, only in one i „it has a white spot like a pearl, on the leaf. It is under the Moon, and its icon shows its virtues to be agaiust the pin and web in the eyes. TURNIP.—( Brassica Rapa. ) Tuts root is so well known that it needs no description, Placs.— It is sown in fields and gardens, Time.—\t flowers in April. Government and Virtues.—Itis under the Moon in Pisces. It is a nourishing food, more useful in the kitchen, than as a ici The juice of the sliced wg obras e with brown dy, strata super stratum, in an oven, is a r helps coughs and cousumptions. TURNSOLE. ( Heliotropium Zuropœum.) CaLLxo also Heliotro Descrip.—This Saas with one upright stalk, about a foot high, dividing itself into small branches, of a hoary co- lour; at each joint of the stalk and branches grow small broad leaves, rather white and hoary. At the tops of the stalks and branches stand small white flowers, consisting four small leaves, set in order one above another, upon a small crooked spike, which 1 % Ae with a bowed finger, opening by degrees as the flowers blow open; after which, in their 5 come forth cornered seed, four for the most part standing together; the root is small and 876 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL, thready, perishing every year, and the seed shedding every year, raises it again the next spring. Place.—It grows in gardens, Government and Virtues.—It is an herb of the Sun. If boiled in water and drank, it purges both choler and phlegm, and boiled with cummin, helps the stone in the reins, kid- neys, or bladder, provokes urine and womens courses, and causes an easy and speedy delivery in child-birth. The leaves bruised and applied to places pained with the 2 or that have been out of joint, and newly set, and full o in, give much ease; if the juice of the leaves, with a lit- tle salt be rubbed upon warts or wens, and other kernels in the face, eye-lids, or any other part, it will take them away. TUTSAN.—( Hypericum Androsemum. ) Ca._ED also Park Leaves. Descrip.—The stalks grow three feet high, smooth, red- dish, not much branched, with two large oval brown green leaves set opposite at every joint, on short footstalks, those next the ground being smallest. The flowers grow several together, on long footstalks, of five small yellow roundish leaves each, with staminain the middle of the same colour, yielding a reddish juice, and are succeeded by berry-like seed-vessels, n at first, and afterwards of a deep pur- ple, almost black, containing small seed in purplish juice; the root is thick, of a reddish colour, with many fibres. Place.—It grows in woods, groves, parks, forests, and by hedge-sides, in many parts of this country. Time.—It flowers later than St. Peter's wort. Government and Virtues.—It is an herb of Saturn, and an anti-venerean, It purges choleric humours, helps the sciatica an“ gout, and heals burns; it stays the bleeding of wounds, if the green herb bruised, or the powdered herb be dried and applied. It is a sovereign remedy for either wound or sore, either outwardly or inwardly, if used in drinks, lotions, balms, or ointments; and also in any other sort of green wounds, old ulcers, &c. VALERIAN (GARDEN.)—( Valeriana Hortense.) Descrip.—This has a thick, short, greyish root, lyi above ground, shooting forth small pieces of hen. have all of them many long green strings and fibres under them in the Le whereby it draws nourishment. From the head of these leaves spring up many green lea ves. ra- CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL, 877 ther broad and long, without any divisions on the edges; but those that rise up after them are dented on the . er some being winged to the middle rib; the stalk rises a y or more, sometimes branched at the top, with many small white flowers, of a purplish colour, there follows small brownish white seed, that is easily carried away with the vind; the root smells more strong than either leaf or flow- er, and is of more use in medicines. Place.—It is generally kept with us in gardens. Time.—It flowers in June and July, and continues un- til the frost pulls it down. Government and Virtues.—This is under Mercury. The decoction of this herb takes away pains of the sides, pro- vokes womens’ courses, and is in antidotes ; the root boiled with liquorice, raisins, and aniseed, is good for dif- ficulty of breathing, coughs, and to expectorate phlegm, and the f boiled in wine and drank, it is for venomous bites and stings; it helps to drive wind the belly, and is of excellent property to heal inward sores or wounds, and for outward cuts or wounds, and drawing away splinters or thorns from the flesh. VALERIAN (GREEK.)—(Polemonium Cerulewm.) Descrip.—The root is about a finger thick, of a brown colour, growing not in the earth, but spreading itself across with many white strings on each side; it shoots out se- veral hollow channelled stalks two or three feet high, hav- ing the hollow leaves long and round-pointed, some whole, and others cut in, voce, 9p those of scabious, but that they are smooth ; the leaves which grow on the stalks are also much more cut in; the stalks are divided towards the top into several branches, having at each divarication a narrow leaf, and at the ends grow the flowers in a of umbels, each flower being a small, long, narrow tube, divided at the top into five segments, with as many apices, of a white colour. Place,—It is planted in gardens, and is found wild in some parts of Yorkshire. Government and Virtues.—It is under Mercury, and is alexipharmic, sudorific, and cephalic, and useful in malig- nant fevers, and ae gros distempers ; it helps in ner- vous complaints, head-aches, trembling, palpitations of the vapours, &c. It is good in hysteric cases, and epi- lepsies have been cured by the use of this herb. * 878 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. VALERIAN (WATER) - Valeriana Aquatica, ) Descrip.—The roots are long, slender, and creeping, sending out a few small white fibres, The leaves whic spring from them are almost round, but somewhat point- ed. The leaves which grow on the stalks, are like those of the garden kind, but less. We have two species of this Vale- rian, one rises higher than the other, having three pairs of leaves set opposite; the umbels grow closer, aud the flow- ers are a great deal smaller than the other, which rise not so high, and has but two pairs of leaves on the stalks. The flowers are much larger, and like the garden Valerian, but of a pale purple colour, as are also the former. Place.—They grow promiscuously in marshy grounds and moist meadows, Time.—They flower in May. VALERIAN (TRUE WILD.)—( Valeriana Sylvestris.) Descrip —This has a root divided into several white thick strings, of no scent when taken out of the ground, but smelling very strong wheu dry. The stalks rise about a yard high, hollow, and channelled, having several long winged leaves, whose pinne are long, sharp-pointed, and serrated about the edges, high-veined, and rather hairy ; the leaves which grow on the stalks are narrow. The flow- ers are of a purple colour; both flowers and seeds are shaped like the garden Valerian, It grows in woods and dry poor ; and flowers in May. P/ace.—It is found on dry heaths and in high pastures. Virtues.— The root has a strong and disagreeable smell, warm to the taste, bitter, and a little acrid. In habitual costiveness, it is an excellent medicine, and will loosen the belly when other purgatives prove ineffectual. It is excel- lent against nervous affections, such as head-aches, trem- bling, palpitations, vapours, and hysteric complaints, VERVAIN (COMMON.)—( Verbena Offcinalis.) Descrip.—This has broad leaves next the ground, deep- ly gashed about the edges, of a blackish green colour on the upper side, somewhat greyish underneath. The stalk is square, branched into several parts, rising about two feet high, with a long spike of flowers of a blue colour and white intermixed, after which come small round seeds in small rather long heads; the root is small, but of no use. — — — — — CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL 879 Places. It grows in, waste grounds almost every where. Time.— It flowers in July, and the seed ripens soou after. Government and Virtues.— This is au herb of Venus, and excellent for the womb to strengthen and remedy all the cold distempers of it, as plantain does the hot. It is hot and dry, opening obstructions, cleansing and healing: it helps the yellow jaundice, the dropsy and the gout, kills ‘nike expels worms in the belly, and causes a good colour in the face and body, strengthens as well as corrects the diseases of the stomach, liver and spleen; helps the cough, wheeziugs, shortuess of breath. and the defects of the reins and der, expelling the gravel and stone. It is excellent against venomous bites, and tertian and quartan agues. It consolidates and heals all wounds, both inward and outward, stays bleeding, and used with honey, heals old ulcers aud fistulas in the legs and other parts of the body, aud ulcers that come in the mouth; or used with lard, it helps the swellings and pains in the secret parts. VINE TREE.—{ Vitis Vinifera.) Descrip.—The root is woody, divided, and spreading. The stem is covered with a rough brown bark, divided into many long straggling branches, which are too weak to support themselves. e leaves are | numerous, and very beautiful, of a roundish figure, but deeply divid- ed into five or mure lobes, sharp-pointed, notched at the edges ; we f are pn sede on longish leaf-stalks, and from the base of these there frequently rises long, and very ro- bust tendrils. The flowers are produced in clusters on lon leaf-stulks, which rise together with the leaf-stalks an tendrils; they are small. and of a green or whitish colour. Government and Virtues.—This isa fine plant of the Sun. The dried fruit, as it comes from abroad under the names of raisins, and currants, is good in coughs, consum tions, and other disorders of the breast. The leaves of the Euglisb Vine boiled, make a good lotion for sore mouths; if boiled with burley- meal into a poultice, it cools inflam- mations of wounds ; the droppings of the Vine, when it is cut in the spring, boiled with sugar into a syrup, and taken inwardly, is excellent to stay womens’ longings when preg- nant. The decoction of the leaves in white wine, does the same ; or the tears of the Vine, drank two or three spooufuls at a time, breaks the stone in the bladder. The ashes of the burnt branches make discoloured teeth white 880 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL by rubbing in the morning. It is a most nt tree of the Sun, very sympathetical with the body; that is the reason why spirit of wine is the greatest cordial among vegetables, VIOLET.—{ Viola Odorata.) Descrip.—The root is perennial ; it is long, slender, crooked, and fibrous ; they are supported on long slender leaf-stalks, of a roundish figure, heart-shaped at the base, slightly notched at the edges, and of a dark green colour, ps a slender creeping stemis rise from among them, which take root at the joints, and so propagate the plant. The flowers are supported singly on long, slender, fruit-stalka, which rise direct from the root; they are large, of a beau- tiful deep blue or purple, and extremely fragrant. The seeds are egg-sha numerous, and furnished with appendages. Place. It is common on warm banks, and produces its blossoms in March and April. Time.—It flowers until the end of July, but it is best in March, and the beginning of April. ' Government and Virtues.—It is a fine, pleasing plant of Venus, of a mild nature, and no way hurtful. It is cold and moist while fresh and green, and is used to cool any heat or distemperature of the body, either inwardly or outwardly, as inflammations in the eyes, in the matrix or fundament, in imposthumes algo, and hot swellings, to drink the decoction of the leaves and flowers made with water or wine, or to apply them as poultices to the affect- ed parts ; it eases pains in the head, caused through want of sleep; or any pains arising from heat, if applied in the same manner, or with oil of roses. A dram weight of the dried leaves or flowers purges the body of choleric hu- mours, if taken in a draught of wine or other drink ; the wder of the purple leaves of the flowers, only picked and ried, and drank in water, helps the quinsy, the falling- sickness in children, especially at the beginning of the dis- ease. The flowers of the white Violetsripen and dissolve swellings. The herb or flowers, while they are fresh, or the flowers that are dry, are effectual in the pleurisy, and all diseases of the lungs, to lenify the sharpness of hot rheums, and hoarseness of the throat, heat and sharpness of urine, and all pains of the back, or reins, and bladder. VIOLET (WATER.)—(Hottonia Palustris.) Descrip.—The root is a tuft of long, black, and slender fibres, which penetrate deep into the mud. The leaves are CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HEEBAL. 881 long, and beautifully pinnated; they consist each at ten, twelve, or more pairs of long and narrow segments, y disposed, and an odd one at the end. From the base of this cluster of leaves, there are propagated some long, slender stalks, which take root again as they run on the surface of the mud, and in those p send up fresh clusters of leaves. In the centre of these leaves rises the stalk which is to support the flowers ; this is tall, up- right, round, slender, and naked. The flowers stand in little clusters at and near the top; they are crew large, very pretty, and of a whitish colour tinged with red. The seed is single and small. Place.—It is frequent on the muddy bottoms of waters. Time. —It flowers in June. Government and Virtues.—Saturn governs this plant. The leaves are cooling, externally applied; but they are more used by country-people than by physicians, The flowers. are accounted a specific against the fluor albus, and are frequently made use of in a conserve or decoction for that purpose, which is to be continued for some time. Some commend the herb as of great use against the king’s evil, and all scrofulous swellings, VIPERS BUGLOSS.—(Zchium Vulgare.) isfy har has many long rough leaves lying on the ground, from which rise up hard round stalks, whereon are set rough, moth or prickly sad green leaves, rather narrow; middle rib for the most part being white. The flowers stand at the top of the stalk, branched forth in many long spiked leaves of flowers, all opening for the most part on one side, which are long aud hollow, turning 2 brims a little, of a purplish violet colour in them are fully blown, but more reddish while they are in the bud, but in some places of a paler purple colour, with a loug . — in the middle, feathered or parted at the top. After the flowers are fallen, the seeds become ripe, black. ish, cornered, aud pointed like the head of a viper. The root is somewhat great and blackish, Place.—It grows wild almost every where, Time.—It flowers in summer, the seed ripens soon after. is Government oo eat e ter 3 herb of the Sun. It an especial remedy against bot isonous bites, and i herbs. The seed drauk in Lar ree et iy Ae of milk in nurses’ breasts. The same if taken, eases 382 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. the pains in the back, loins, and kidneys. The distilled water when the herb is in flower, or its chief strength, ap- plied inwardly or outwardly, is good for the same purposes. WAKE ROBIN (GOLDEN.)—(Arum Macu/atum.) Descrip.—This neglected plant has a roundish tuberous brown on the outside, white within, placed at no con- siderable depth,and furnished with afew fibres. The leaves, which are marked with beautiful gold-coloured veins, rise alternately across the stock ; they are oblong, smooth at the edges, pointed at the ends, and of a fine fresh green, and often some spots of white are visible on them. The stem is round, thick, and ten inches or a foot high. On its top stands a single flower, of a tine yelluw, which is after- wards succeeded by fine bright red berries. Place. It is found under hedges, and in moist meadows. Time.—It flowers in May. Government and Virtues.—It is under the dominion of the Sun. The root is a powerful autiscorbutic, and by the activity of its subtle parts, it cuts all viscidities, and is of service in humourous asthmas, in which case it should he bruised and gently boiled in a closed vessel, in half white- wine, and half water, and sweetened with houey of roses. The root bruised and mixed with cows’ dung, and applied warm in a fit of gout and rheumatic pains will ease them. The root beat up with vinegar and laid upon a bruised Lene! 2 dissipate stagnant blood. and prevent blackness of the skin. WALL-FLOWER (COMMON.)—(Cheiranthus Cheiri.) Descrip.—The root is divided into a number of strag- gling parts, each furnisbed with numerous fibres. The stalk is round, firm, upright, hard, and very much branch- ed. The leaves are loug, narrow, and of afresh green; They have no footstalk, they adhere by the base, and are undivided at the aden The flowers grow in spikes at the top of the stalks and branches, aud are large, yellow, and sweet scented. The pods are long, slender and whitish ; the seeds are flatted and small. Piace,—It is common on old walls, and in some places on rocks; and has thence, for its beauty and fragrance, been introduced into gardens, where the flower, and indeed the whole plant, grow much larger than in the wild state, Time.—It flowers in May and June. { OULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 888 WALL-FLOWER (SEA.)—(Cheiranthus Tricuspidatus.) Descrip.—This is less than the foregoing, with a long, slender root, furnished with a few fibres. The stalks are numerous, weak, branched ; 1 stand irregularly, of a pale colour, and a little hairy. The leaves are long, nar- row, and deeply indented at the edges; the W with- out footstalks, and are somewhat hairy, and their colour is a pale whitish green. The flowers stand at the tops of the stalks and branches ; and they are large and white. WALL-FLOWERS (WILD.)—(Leucoium Sylvestris.) Descrip.—The comnion single Wall-flowers, which grow wild abroad, have sundry small, long, narrow, dark it leaves, set without order upon small, round, whitish woody stalks, which bear at the tops single yellow flowers one above another, every one bearing three leaves each, and of a very sweet scent ; after which come long contain- ing a reddish seed. The roots are white, and thready. Place.—It grows upon old walls; the other sort in gar- only. e An the single kinds flower many times in the end of autumn; but double kinds do not. Government and Virtues.—The Moon rules them. It cleanses the blood, and frees the liver and reins from ob- structions, provokes womens’ courses, expels the secundine, and the dead child ; helps the hardness and pains of the mother, and of the spleen also ; stays inflammations and swelli comforts and strengthens any weak part, or out of joint; helps to cleause the eyes from filma, and to cleanse filthy ulcers in the mouth, or any other part, and is a sin- remedy for the gout, and all aches and pains in the ints and siuews. consurve made of the flowers, is used as a remedy both for ttre apoplexy and palsy. WALNUTS.—(Juglans Regia.) ip.—This tree rises to a t height, and spreads irregularly into branches. The leaves are pinnated ; the on om vast, oblong, aud of a fine green. ‘The catkins are rowuish, with a tiuge of green, aud the fruit is covered with a green rind. Placa. — It grows wild iu many places in Scotland; and is planted every where for the fruit. Time It blossums early before the leaves come forth, und the fruit is ripe in September. 384 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. Government and Virtues.—This isa plant of the Sun. Let the fruit of it be gathered accordingly, which has the most virtue whilst n, before it shells, The bark binds and dries very much, and the leaves are much of the same temperature, but when they are older, are heating and dry- ing in the second degree, and are harder of digestion than when fresh; if taken with sweet wine, they move the bel- ly downwards, but if old they grieve the stomach ; and in hot bodies, cause the choler to abound, producing head- ache, and are an enemy to those that have the cough; but are less hurtful to those that bave a colder stomach, and kill the broad worms in the stomach or belly. If taken with onions, salt, and honey, they help the bites of mad dogs, or poisonous bites of any kind. The juice of the green husks boiled with honey, is an excellent gargle for sore mouths, or the heat and inflammations in the throat and stomach. The kernels, when they grow old, are more oily, aud unfit to be eaten, but are then used to heal the woun of the sinews, ganyrenes, and carbuncles. If burned, these kernels are very astrinzent, and will stay laxes and wo- meus’ courses, when taken in red wine, and stays the fall- ing of the hair, and makes it fair, being anvinted with oil and wine. The green husks will act the same, if used in the same manner. The kernels beaten with rue and win and applied, helps the quinsy; bruised with honey, a applied to the ears, eases pains and inflammations therein. e distilled water of the green leaves in the end of May, cures foul running ulcers and sores, to be bathed with wet cloths or sponges applied to them every morning. WATER-WORT (CHICK WEED.)—(Zlatine Alsinastrum.) Descrip.—This has often been mistaken for Fluellin. It has a small white fibrous root. The first leaves are small, narrow, and pointed ; eer increase in size as they rise to the middle, and then gradually diminish to the top; they have no footstalks, and are of a grassy green colour: the stem is so weak, it scarce holds itself upright, but trains some 2 its leugth on the ground. The flowers grow in the m of the leaves; they are small, aud supported on sleuder and short footstalks ; they are of a yellowish aud dark purple. The seed is very minute and brown, Place. It grows upon the borders of corn-fields, and dy running shallow waters. Time. —It is in flower in May. 8 OULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL $85 Government and Virtues.—It is a moist, coolin — under the Moon. The juice cleanses and heals old ulcers ; and it has at former times been in esteem as an inward medicine for internal bruises. The flowers and leaves beaten into a conserve, is the best way of taking it for any inward purpose. WELD, on WOLD.—( Reseda Luteola.) CaLuep also Dyers’ Weed and Willow-leaved Yellow Herb. Descrip.—It grows about a yard high, having hollow chanuelled stalks, covered with long narrow green leaves, set on without footstalks; of a dark blueish green colour, a little crumpled, as it were round-pointed, which so abides the first year; and the next spriny, from among them, rise up divers round stalks, two or three feet high, beset with many such-like leaves thereon, but smaller, and shooting forth smal! branches, which, with the stalks, carry many small yellow tlowers, in a long spiked head at the top of them, where afterwards come the seed, which is small and black, inclosed in heads that are divided at the tops into four The root is long, white, and thick. The whole herb es yellow, after it has been in flower a while. Place.—It grows every where by way-sides, in moist grounds. Time. It flowers about June. Government and Virtues.—The root cures tough phleg digests raw a thins gross humours, dissolves hard tumours, and opens obstructions, It is commended against venomous bites, to be taken inwardly and applied out- wardly to the hurt place, as also for the plagueor pestilence. WHEAT.—( Triticum.) Tas useful plant is so well known that it needs no de- scrij/tion. ace. It is sown in fields every where. Time.— It is reaped in July aud August, Government and Virtues.—It is under Venus. The oil from Wheat by means of plates of iron or copper, eals tetters and riugworms, if used warm, The green eorus chewed, aud applied to the bites of mad dogs, heals them; wheat-bread poultices made with red wine, aud ap- lied to hot, inflamed, or blood-shot eyes, helps them. Hot — poultices applied three days together. heals kernels in the throat. eat-flour mixed with juice of henbane, — 886 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL stays the flux of humours to the joints, if laid thereto; or mixed with the yolk of an egg, honey, or turpentine, draws, cleanses, and heals boils, plague sores, or foul ulcers, It is more useful for food than medicine ; though a poul- tice made of it with milk, eases pains, ripens tumours and imposthumations ; and a piece of bread dipped in - wine, and applied to the stomach, is good to stay vomiting. WHITLOW-GRASS.—(Draba Verna.) Descrip.—It hasan annual fibrous root; thestem is rouna, branchy, hairy, of a red colour, and four or five inches high; the leaves are pretty numerous, small, broadest at the 9xtremity, and divided into three segments; their colour is reddish. The flowers terminate the stem and branches in cousiderable numbers ; white, small, but conspicuous. The seeds are numerous and very minute. Place. It grows on the roofs of houses, old walls, and among rubbish. Time.—It flowers in April. Government and Virtues.—It is under Jupiter. A strong infusion of the whole plant, fresh gathered, is an excellent sweetener of the blood and juices, and good against scor- butic complaints in general. Those who wish to use it all the year, should make a syrup of its juice in the spring, or beat the leaves into a conserve with sugar, for the dried plant loses all its virtues, and is only to be had fresh for a short time in the spring. WHORTLE.—( Vaccinium Myrtillus. Descrip.—It is a small shrub, with slender purplish branches. The leaves are round, obtuse at the ends, and not serrated on the edges. The flowers are greenish, with a tinge of red; the berries are round, red, and well tasted. lace.—This species of the Bilberry-bush is common in our northern counties on boggy ground. Time.—It flowers in May. Pirtues.— The bark of the root is warm and dry, it opens obstructions of the liver and spleen. The unripe fruit is drying and binding, good for fluxes of all kinds, and in- flammations in the mouth and throat. ‘The ripe fruit is ‘cooling, good to allay the heat of burning fevers ; it is grateful to the stomach, and creates an appetite, ee Ee CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL 887 WILLOW-HERB.—{Lysimachia Nemorum.) Descrip.—This is a shrubby plant. It has large, hollow channelled stalks, divided into many branches full of leu ves, three growing together on loug footstalks, indented a little about the edges. The flowers grow in short round spikes, set on long stalks, of a pale blue, small and papilionaceous, set each in a particular calyx, succeeded by short pods, containing small yellow seedx. The root is woody and fibrous. Place. It grows in damp woods and marsliy places, and has heen observed near the banks of the Severn. Time.—It flowers in July. WILLOW-HERB(CREEPING.)}—(Zpilobium A’pinum.) b. — The root is small and fibrous; the stalks are rouud, weak, and slender: they trail on the ground and take root as they lie, * 1 part approaching to an erect posture. The leaves stand in pairs : they are short, broad, and of an oval figure, pointed at the ends, smooth, round, of a deep green; and those towards the tops of the stalks are aud narrower. The flowers are small, pale red. Place,—It grows in our woods and meadows, Tims. —It flowers early in summer. WILLOW-HERB (GREAT FLOWERED.)—(Epilo- bium Ramosum.) Descrip.—This is a fine tall plant. The stem is thick, firm, upright, and five feet high. The leaves are broail, re- gularly notched, termiuating in a point, of a beautiful green, and lightly hairy; they have no footstalks, and the flowers are large, of a pale red, and grow in a deep cup. The tops of this plaut have a light fragrance. Place.—It is found by waters, and in shady copses, Time.—It flowers in June. Government and Virtues.—-All the species of Willow- Herbs have the same virtues : they are under Saturn, and are cooling and astringent. The root dried aud powdered, is good against hemorrhages: the fresh juice acts the same, WILLOW-HERB (HAIRY.)—(Zpilobium Hirsutwm.) Descrip.—This is smaller, but is like the preceding. The leaves are notched at the edges, of a deep green. Tlie $88 - CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL stalks are round, firm, upright, two and a half feet high. They are large, of a bright red, at the tops of the branches. Place.—It is an inhabitant of our damp meadows. Time.—It flowers in July, WILLOW-HERB (MARSH.)—(Epilobium Falustre.) Descrip.—The root has a small head, with many large fibres. ‘The first leaves are oblong, of a dead green, and vointed at the ends. The stalk is round, erect, robust, much branched, about two feet high. The leaves on this are large and moderately broad, of a dead green, hairy, not indented, fixed to the base of the stalk. e flowers are numerousat the tops of the stalks, small, of a lively palered. Place.—It is very common in many parts of England. Time.—It flowers in June. Virtues.— The flowers, stalks, roots and all, may be used. They are cooling and drying, good to stay fluxes and loose- nesses, gonorrhœa and nocturnal pollutions. The leaves are good to be applied to hot tumours and inflammations. WILLOW-HERB Enema Numm Descrip.— The root is knotty at the head, sending forth long strings and fibres; the stalks are tough and limher, growing low, with leaves set alternately upon them, that are hard, firm, full of nerves, of an oval shape, deere, pointed at the end, about two inches long; on t Nich. of the back of each grows a small mossy green flower, that is succeeded by the seed, which is small and brown. Place.—It is found in damp woods. Time.—It flowers in July WILLOW-HERB (PURPLE MONEY.)—(Lysimachia Tenella Purpureu,) Descrip.—This is a tender succulent plant, very slender, with many oval divided leaves; of a whitish green colour. The stalks are hollow and cornered, much branched, not rising very high, having on their tops long spikes of flow- ers, purple above and whitish underneath, having a spur in the hinder part, the footstalk being inserted in the mid- dle of the flower; they are succeeded by single round seed, 9 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. 389 WILLOW-HERB (ROSE-BAY.)—(Epilobium Angustifolium.) Descrip.—This is the most beautiful of all the Willow- Herbs. The root is and spreading. The first leaves rise in a thick tuft, and are long, narrow, deep green on the side, and silvery grey underneath; they have no f. ks, are even at the and terminate in a point. The stalk rises in the centre of the leaves: it is thick, firm, upright, and five feet high. The leaves stand irregularly upon it; they are long, narrow, even at the edges, of a deep on the upper side, and a silvery white below. The wers are and beautiful, in a long spike, deep red. The seed- are long, and the seeds winged with down. Place.—It is found in damp meadows in Yorkshire. Time.—lIt flowers in June and July. WILLOW-HERB (MOUNTAIN,)—(Zpilobium Montanum.) ip.—This is thicker set with leaves, and more ro- than the former. It grows upright; the stalk is round, reddish, ook or feet igh. is bas 15 with Alt of a ish green, soft to the touch, oblong, br in- * stand irregularly on the base of the stalk. The flowers are large, of a pale red, on the tops of the stalks. The seed grows in a pod with a silvery down amongst it. Place.—It is common in pasture grounds, and shady in our northern and western counties. ime.—\t flowers in June. WILLOW-HERB (SPURGE.)—(Bpilobium Tetra gonum.) Descrip.— This has a singular appearance. The stem is slender, and upright: the leaves narrow, smooth at the edges, long, aud pointed; they are numerous, soft, and of a 2 greeu. The flowers are moderately large, and grow at the tops of the branches ; of a beautiful bright red. Place.—It is frequent in damp meadows mi hedges, and by the sides of brooks. Time.—It flowers in July. WILLOW-HERB (TUFTY.)—(Lysimachia Thrysiflora,) ip.—This rises from a long, thick, and fibrous root. The is round, firm, upright, and two feet high. ‘The 890 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL. leaves are narrow, oblong, and pointed. They grow at the joints without footstalks below, but alternately above, and yet sometimes three are found at a joint ; their colour is a grassy green. The flowers are small, of a pale red; they grow on long footstalks, which rise with the leaves’ The seed - vessels are round, and the seeds small and brown. Place. It is fouud iu damp places in the west of England, Time. — It flowers in July. WILLOW-HERB(YELLOW.)--(Zpilobium Lysimachia.) Descrip.—This grows very large, and resembles in its form common yellow Loosestrife, for which it is often mis- taken. The stem is thick, firm, upright, hard, four feet high, and towards the top it sends out a few branches which rise from the joints. The leaves yrow two or more at a place, without footstalks ; they are large, broadest in the middle, and poiuted at the end, of a beautiful green. The flowers are numerous, iarge, and of a beautiful gold yellow ; they have tive petals, and buttons iu the threads, Place. It is uot unfrequently found wild by water-sides, Time.—Its time of flowering is from May to July. Virtues.—This the most pore of the whole species. It opens obstructions of the liverandspleen, provokes urine, is good for the dropsy, if infused in common drink. The ashes infused in ale or wine, are used agaiust the same distemper, causing great discharges of water by urine. WILLOW-TREE.—(Salix Alba.) Descrip.—The White Willow grows to be a large tree, The bark is rough, of a pale brown colour on the trunk, but on the branches it is whitish grey. The leaves are long, narrow, sharp-pointed, and light green. The catkins are brown. Place.—It is common by water-sides all over the land. Time.—The flowers appear early in spring. Government and Virtues.—The Moon owns it. The leaves, bark, and seed are used to stanch the bleeding of wounds, and at mouth and nose, spitting of blood, and other fluxes of blood in man or woman, to stay vomiting, and the provocation thereto, if the decoction of them in wine be drunk. It pies to stay thin, hot, sharp, salt dis- tillations from the head upon the lungs, causing cousump- tion. The leaves bruised with pepper, and drank in wine, help in the wind-colic, Water that is gathered from the CULPEPER’s COMPLETS HERBAL $9] Willow, when it flowers, the bark being slit, is very good for dimness of sight, or films that grow over the eyes, 22 the rbeums that fall into them; it provokes urine, if k, and clears the face and skin from spots and dis- colourings. The decoction of the leaves or bark in wine, takes away scurf and dandrif by washing the place with it. WINTER GREEN.—(Pyrola Minor.) Descrip.—The leaves resemble those of the Pear-tree, bat not so large ; they grow on footstalks two or three inches long, smooth, and of firm texture. The stalks grow a foot high, bearing on their tops several small tive leav- ed white flowers, having a few stamina in the middle, ris- ing one above another in a loose spike, succeeded by cor- nered seed-vessels, full of small seed; the root is small, slender, and fibrous. Place.—It grows in woods, both in the north and west. Time.—It flowers in July. Government and Virtues.—This is another Lunar plant. The leaves are the only part used, are cooling and drying, and a good vulnerary both for inward and outward woun and 945 in the kidneys or bladder: as also against making bloody water, and excess of the catamenia. WOAD (COMMON.)—(Jsatis Tinctoria.) v. It has large leaves, long and broad, of a green- 3 * From among these leaves rises up a lusty stalk, three or four feet high, with leaves set thereon; the higher the stalk rises, the smaller are the leaves ; at the top it spreads divers branches, at the end of which appear very pretty little yellow flowers, and after they pass away, come me long, and rather flat; in form they resemble a tongue ; in colour they are black, and hang downwards. e root is white and long. IIt is sown in fields,and reaped three times a year. Time.—It flowers in June, but it is long after before the seed is ripe. Government and V irtues.—It is a cold and plant of Saturn. An ointment made of the leaves stanches bleed- ing. A plaster made thereof, and applied to the region of the spleen which lies on the left side, takes away the hard- ness and pains thereof, The ointment is good in such ul- cers as abound with moisture, and takes away the corrod- ing and fretting humours ; it cools inflammations, quench- 892 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL ~ es St. Anthony’s fire, and stays defluxion of the blood to any part of the body. | WOODRUFFE (SQUINANCY.)—(Asperula Cynanchica.) CALLED also Woodrow and Woodrowel. Descrip.—The stalks grow about a foot high, square and slender, and but little branched, having seven or eight long green leaves, growing in a circle at every joint, with little or no roughness : the flowers grow on the tops of the stalks in small umbels, of little single-leaved white flowers, spread like a bell, of a sweet smell ; each is succeeded by two roughish seed. The root is small, slender, and creep- ing under the upper surface of the earth, Place.—It grows in woods and copses. Time.—It flowers in May. Government and Virtues.—Mars rules it. The L tens herb should be used. It is good in the jaundice, and all diseases of the stomach and liver, opening obstructions, and caus- ing appetite. Bruised, it heals fresh wounds and cuts. WOODRUFFE (SWEET.)—(Asperula Odorata.) Descrip.—This has a spreading fibrous root, with a square stock, upright, not much branched, and eight inches high: of a pale green, and slender substance. The leaves, like the former, are placed at the joints in a stel · lated manner, but more considerable, broader and r; they are sharp-pointed, smooth, of a dark green. The flow- ers are small and white, but a variety is found with pale blue flowers, The seeds are small and round. Virtues.—It is nourishing and restorative, good for weak consumptive people: it opens obstructions of the liver and spleen, and is said to be a provocative to venery. WORMSEED (TREACLE.)--(Erysimum Cheiranthoides.) Descrip.—The roots are long, slender, and furnished with many strings ; the leaves are long and narrow, of a pale green; the stalk a yard high. It is not much branch- ed, at the top grow the flowers in a spiky order; they are small and yellow, and the seed-vessels resemble pea- only they are angular. The seed is small and brown, the whole plant very much resembles hedge mustard. Place.—It grows upon rotten moist grounds. d'vme.—It flowers in May and June. — 2 — — — . ——— he — CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL 393 Government and Virtues.—It is under the dominion of Mara. The whole plant has a hot taste, and so have the seeds, which are good in rheumatic complaints, and in ob- structions of the viscera, and in scorbutie disorders. A tice of the roots disperses hard tumours in any part of the body. Small doses of the juice given in white wine, the menses, and hasten delivery; and in larver it id an excellent medicine in the jaundice, dropsy, and complaints of the like nature. Made intosyrup with honey, and a small quautity of vinegar, it is beneficial in asthmatic complaints It kills worms in the stomach and intestines ; and it is good in small quantities in hysteric cases, if the use be continued for some time. WORMWOOD.—(Artemisia Absynthium.) Descrip.—This useful plant grows about a yard high; the stalk is pale green, tough, upright, and divided wildly into many branches: the leaves are of a pale green on both sides, divided into many parts, soft to the touch, but make the fingers bitter. The flowers are numerous, small, chaffy, hang down, and of a pale olive colour at first; but, after standing a while, they grow brownish. Place.—This isa perennial plant, growing every where. Time.—It blooms in June and July. Government and Virtues.—This is a martial herb, and is governed by Mars. This is the strongest, the Sea Worm- wood is the second in bitterness, and the Roman joins a great deal of aromatic flavour, with but little bitterness ; to * and enjoy the full powers they possess, they must be well known, for each kind has its particular vir - tues. The two first grow wild in this country; the third is frequent in our botanic ie pay but is not confined to these places, The common kind is excellent in weakness of thestomach, gout and gravel. The leavesand flowersare used. WORMWOOD (COMMON BROAD-LEAVED.)— (Absynthium Latifolium Vulgare.) Descrip.—The root is thick and woody, divided into se- veral branches, enduring many years, holding its lower leaves all winter, which are large and winged, and divided into small parte, very much cut in; greeuish above, and white underneath. In summer it sends out woody, striat- ed, stalks, two or three feet high, full of white pith, having leaves growing upon them ; those towards $94 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HEBBAL. the top are long, narrow, and a little indented. The flow- ers rise among these in a kind of loose spikes at the tops of the stalks, and look naked; they are brownish yellow, growing many together, hanging down their heads, inclos- ing small seed. The whole plant has a very bitter taste. Place.—A wild plaut, r frequent by way- aides, ditch- banks, and in church- yards. Time. —It flowers in July and August. Government and Virtues.—It is a martial herb, as before observed. The tops of the plant are to be used fresh ga- thered; a very slight infusion is excellent for all disorders of the stomach, prevents sickness after meals, and creates an appetite ; but if made too strong, it disgusts the taste, The tops with the flowers on them, dried and powdered, are good against agues, and have the same virtues with wormseed in killing worms; in fact, they are much bet- ter than the wormseed sold in the shops, which is gener- ally too much decayed. The juice of the large leaves of Wormwood, which grow from the root, before the stalk appears, is the best against the dropsy and jaundice, for it opens obstructions, and works powerfully by urine, It is good in all agues, in decoction or infusion, in water, ale, wine, or in the juice ouly; but its infusion in wine or ale is an easy, and as a eee py: The infusion, drank morning and evening for some time, helps hysterics, obstructions of the spleen, and weakness of the stomach. Its oil, taken on sugar, and drank after, kills worms, re- sists poison, and is good for the liver and jaundice. The root a slow bitterness, which affects not the head and eyes, like the leaves, hence the root should be accounted among the best stomachics. The oil of the seed, given from half a scruple to half a dram, in some liquor, or a spoonful of the juice in some wine, taken before the fit comes on, and the patient put to bed, cures quotidians and quartans. In a looseness from eating too much fruit, after the use of rhubarb, Wormwood wine is excellent. A fomentation of the herb boiled ae and asi 55 dane W m fully applied to a spreading gangrene. Poultices of Worm- re boiled in grease, barm, or wine, may be applied with good success to white swellings, Boiled in lard, and laid to-swellings of the tonsils and quinsey, is serviceable. Its internal use is good in such diseases as come from blood, or obstructions of the capillaries, or in viscidities, or phlegm, which line the insides of the stomach, bowels CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL 895 or vessels, or in too great sharpness of the blood, by its opeuing obstructions, cleansing, bracing, and promoting 1238 and urine. It is admirable against surfeits. t not only cures the pain of the stomach, weakness, indi- gestion, want of appetite, vomiting, and loathing, but hard swellinys of the belly. This, with rosemary, saffron, and turmeric root infused in rhenish wine, is a cure for the — aud brings down the menses; or a decoction of it, -tops, greater celandine, white horehound, lesser centaury, flowers of hypericon, barberry-bark, turmeric, and madder-roots, strained, and hoglice-wine added, is very good to cure the jaundice. Wormwood and vinegar are an antidote to the mischief of mushrooms and henbane, and the biting of the sea-fish, called Draco marinus, or uaviver; mixed with honey, it takes away blackness after bruises, &c. All other Wormwoods, the nearer the in taste to pleasant or palatable, they are so thd worse, for they are weaker, their use requires so much time, larger doses, and yet less success follows. The and Pellitory of the Wall boiled in water till they are soft, then strained, and a fomentation of the liquor used, and the herbs laid on after in a poultice, eases all outward pains ; or the herb boiled in oil till the oil is al- most wasted, strained, and anointe:|, cures the pains of the back. Placed among woollen cloths, it prevents and de- stroys the moths. WORMWOOD (ROMAN.)—(Artemisia Pontica.) Descrip.—This is less than the former, about two anda half feet high, the leaves are smaller and finer, the divi- sions narrower and slenderer, hoary, and white both above and underneath. The leaves that grow on the upper part of the branches, are long, narrow, and undivided, resem- bling more the leaves of common Southernwood in figure, than either of the other Wormwoods, The flowers are numerous, growing on the tops of the branches as the for- mer, of a darker colour, but vastly smaller. The root is creeping and spreading, and composed of fibres; it is in all respects a more neat and elegant plant. Place.—This species is a native of the warmer parts of Europe, and grows with us ouly in gardens. Time. —Like all the Wormwoods, it flowers in July. Government and Virtues.—It is also a martial plant. The fresh tops are used, and the whole plant dried. It is excellent to strengthen the stomach; the juice of the fresh 896 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAI. tops is good against obstructions of the liver and splee and has Saini ee singly to cure the jaundice, For this purpose the conserve of the leaves is recommended ; and indeed this is the sort of Wormwood that conserve ought only to be made of. Ihe flowery tops are the right part. These made into a light infusion, strengthen digestion, correct acidities, and supply the place of gall, where, as in many constitutions, that is deficient. One ounce of the flowers and buds should be put iuto a vessel, and a pint and a half of boiling water poured on them, and thus to stand all night. In the morning, the clear liquor, with two spoonfuls of wine, should be taken at three draughts, an hour and a half distant from one another. Thisregu- larly observed for a week, will cure all complaints arising from indigestion and wind ; and a fourth part of the dose repeated afterwards will make the cure more lasting. An ounce of these flowers put intoa pint of brandy, an aii, ed for the secs of six weeks, will produce a tincture, of which a tablespoonful taken in a glass of water twice a day, will, in a great measure, prevent the increase of the gravel, and give great relief in a0) ' Medicines pre- pared in the shops from Wormwood are—A simple water. A greater and a lesser compound water. A simple and a compound syrup. An oil by decoction or infusion. An oil by distillation, An extract, and a fixed salt. The Roman Wormwood differs from the Sea in the fol- lowing. The leaves are finer cut, and less woolly, This is the most delicate kind, but of least ee The Wormwood wine, so famous with the Germans, is made with this Roman Worm wood, put into the juice, and work- ed with it: it is a strong and excellent wine, not unplea- sant, yet of such efficacy to give an appetite, that the Ger- mans drink of it so often, that they are able to eat for hours together, without sickness or indigestion. WORMWOOD (SEA.)—(Artemisia Maritima,) (Absyn- thium Serippium.) Descrip.—The stalk is white, woolly, two feet high, and has a few, short irregular branches, e leaves are long, narrow, tough, firm, white, and hoary ; very much like Southernwood. The root lies deep, and is woody ; the flowers are of a ronnie brown, and the shoots from “hich they depend hang drooping. Fiace.—This is a perennial, that covers many acres of sea-coast in different parts of the kingdom, CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL 897 Time.—This species flowers in July. 1 ere “vs herb of Mars. It is @ very no itter, and su procuring an appe- tite, better than common Wormwood, 2 in best to as- sist digestion. The flowery tops, and the young leaves and shoots, the virtues ; the older leaves, and the stalk, should be thrown away as useless, Boiling water oe — it produces an excellent stomachic infusion: the way is, taking it in a tincture made with brandy. For lighter complaints, the conserve, such ,as di- to be 1 of field Southern wood, agreeably ans- wers the Hysteric complaints have been com- by the constant use of this tincture. In the scurvy, and in the hypochondriacal disorders of studious sedentary men, few things have greater effect ; for these it is best in strong infusions; and great good has arisen from common Wormwood, given in jaundices and dropsies. The whole blood, and all the juices of the body, are affec- ted by taking this herb. It turns the ‘milk bitter in the breasts of n if taken while suckling, It is sold in the shops i of the Roman Wormwood, and is often used in medicine instead of the former, though it falls far short of it in virtue. YARROW (COMMON.)—(Achillea Miilefolium.) Carin also Nose-bleed, Milfoil, and Thousand-leaf. 3 * has many leaves cut into a multitude of fine small of a deep green colour and tough sub- stunce; the is a of a dull greyish green, and the flowers are usually white, but not all of a whiteness and — knots. Some of these, rans. ery will grow of a delicate crimson, which are those that produce seed,, and from this seed will rise red flowered plants. Place.—This is an upright, and not unhandsome plant, common in our pasture grounds, and, like many others, of more use than is generally known. It is perennial, and grows to two feet high. Time.—It blooms from July to the latter end of August. Government and Virtues.—It is under the influence of Venus. Asa medicine it is drying and binding. A de- coction of it boiled with white wine, is good to stop the running of the reins in men, and whites in women; ro- strains violent bleedings, and is excellent for the piles. A strong tea in this case should be made of the lea ves, and 898 CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL drunk pleutifully; and equal parts of it, and of toad flax, should be made into a poultice with pomatum, and appli- ed outwardly. This induces sleep, eases the pain, and lessens the bleeding. An ointment of the leaves cures wounds, and is for inflammations, ulcers, fistulas, and all such runnings as abound with moisture. YARROW (SNEEZEWORT.)—(Achillea Ptarmica.) ih Oh root is long, slender, and hung with many fi The stalk is round, upright, and two feet high, of a pale green, and branched. e leaves are long, narrow, of a deep green, rough on the surface, sharp- pointed, and serrated at the edges. The flowers are very numerous small and white, and they terminate the branches. The seed is oval. Place.—It is common on ditch banks, Time. — It flowers in August. Government and Pirtues.— Venus governs this useful plant. The leaves dried and powdered, and snuffed up the nose, occasions sneezing, aud are excellent against in- veterate head-aches, The young tops are of a sharp, but pleasant taste, and may be eaten in salads. It is a good vuluerary, both inwardly taken in infusion, decoction, &c., aud outwardly applied in fomentations ; for it is a drier aud astringent, and therefore proper to be used in all im- moderate 12 whether of the bowels, or other parts, especially of the meuses, and in female weaknesses. YEW.—( Taxus Baccata.) Descrip.—It grows to be an irregular tree, spreadin widely iuto branches. The leaves are long, narrow, lad with a beautiful regularity. The flowers are yel- owish, aud and the berries are surrounded with a sweet juicy matter. P/ace.—\t grows in woods, and in gardens. Government and Virtues.—This is a tree of Saturn. The leaves are said to be poisonous ; but the wood, if it grew with more regularity, would be very valuable, This tree, ni a it has no place among medicinal plants, yet it does 1 5 eserve (at least in our elimate), so bad a eee a the ancients gave it, viz, a most poisonous vegetable, the berries of hich threaten eme Wawel to fr or beast that eat them ; many have eaten them in this country and survived. However that may be, it has very powerful — — . —— — — — — CULPEPER’S COMPLETE HERBAL 399 nous qualities, that rise by distillation. In this form, it is the most active vegetable poison known in the whole world, for in a small dose it instautly induces death with - out any previous disorder; and its deleterious power seems to act upon the nervous system, without exciting the least inflammation in the part to which it more imme- diately enters. It totally differs from opium and all other sleepy poisons, for it does not bring on the lethargic symp- toms, but more effectually penetrates and destroys the vi- tal functions, without immediately affecting the animal. These observations are made as a caution against any „ e of it, for, though it is sometimes given y in obstruetious of the liver and bilious complaints, those experiments seem too few to recommend it to be used without the greatest caution. The deleterious qual- ities of laurel-water are more than equalled by this, YUCCA, on JUCCA.—( Pucca Gloriosa.) Cattep also Adam's Needle. Descrip.—This Indian plant has a thick tuberous root, ing in time into mauy tuberous heads, whence shoot forth many long, hard, and hollow leaves, very sharp- iuted, compassing one another at the bottom, of a grey- ish green colour, abiding continually, or seldom fallin away, with sundry hard threads running in them, an when withered, become pliant to bind things with. From the midst of these spring forth a strong round stalk, divi- ded into several branches, whereon stand divers somewhat large white flowers, hanging downwards, consisting of six leaves, with divers veins, of a weak reddish, or Blueish colour, spread on the back of the outer leaves from the middle to the bottom, not reaching to the edge of any leaf, which abide not long, but quickly fall away. Place. —It grows in divers places of the West-Indies, as in Virginia and New Euglan Time. —It flowers about the latter end of July. Virtues.—It has no properties, as yet known of, for medicinal use. The natives in Virginia use the roots for bread. The raw juice is dangerous, if not deadly, and it is supposed the Indians poisoned the heads of their arts therewith DIRECTIONS FOR MAKING SYRUPS, &. — HAVING in divers places of this Treatise promised you the way of ing Syrups, Conserves, Oils, Ointments, &c. of herbs, roots, flowers, &c, whereby you may have them ready for your use at such times when they cannot be had other- wise; I come now to perform what I promised, and you shall find me rather better than worse than my word. That this may be done methodically, I shall divide my di- rections into two d sections, and each section into seve- ral chap and then you shall see it look with such a coun- tenance as this is, SECTION I. OF GATHERING, DRYING, AND KEEPING SIMPLES, AND THEIR JUICES, Cuap.I. Ofleavesofherbs | CHAP. IV. Of Roots, ö &c. —V. Of Barks, II. Of Flowers, VI. Of Juices. ——III, Of Seeds. SECTION II. o MAKING AND KEEPING COMPOUNDS, CHAP. I. Of distilled Wa- CHa. IX. Of Lohocks, ters, —X. Of Ointments, —II. Of Syrups. II. Of Plaisters. — III. Of Juleps. XII. Of Poultices, IV. Of Decoctions, XIII. Of Troches, — v. Of Oils, XIV. Of Pills, ——VI. Of Electuaries, -——XV. The way of fit- VII. OfConserves, ting Medicines to com- VIII. Of Preserves. | und diseases, Of all these in order, — . o DIRECTIONS FOR MAKING srRors. &o. 401 CHAPTER I. Of Leaves of Herbs, or Trees. the shade; so ulso such herbs as delight to grow near the water, shall be gathered near it, though haply you may find some of them upon dry rane. The treatise will inform you where every herb delights to grow. 3. The leaves of such herbs as run up to seed are not so when they are in flower as before, (some few excepted, the leaves of which are seldom or never used) in such cases, if through ignorance they were not known, or through neg- i rgotten, you had better take the top and the flowers than the leaf. 4. Dry them well in the sun, and not in the shade, as the saying of the er is; for if the sun draw away the Virtues of the herb, it must needs do the like by hay, by the same rule, which the experience of every country farmer will for a notable piece of nonsense. Such as are astrologers (and indeed none else are fit to make physicians) such | advise; let the planet that go verns and the stronger the better ; if they can, in herbs of Sat fet Saturn be in the ascendant; in the hes 4 of bay ue e . ee for oe 2 uses ight; let the Moon apply to them by 8 her not be in the houses of her enemies; if you cannot well stay till she apply to them, let her apply to a planet of the same triplicity; if you cannot wait that time neither, let her be with a fixed star of their nature, 6. Having well dried them, put them up in brown paper, sewing the paper up like a sack, and press them not too together, and keep them in a dry place near the fire. 7. As for the duration of dried herbs, a just time cannot be SERIES Gam open dry grounds Wil Keay bettes th st. as grow upon grounds wi tter than such as on moist. ; 2dly. Such herbs as are full of juice will not keep so loug as such as are dryer. Adly. Such herbs as are well dried, will keep lo than auch as are slack dried, Yet you may know when they are 0 f 2 402 DIRECTIONS FOR’ MAKING SYRUPS, &. corrupted by their loss of colour, or smell, or both: an!, if they be corrupted, reason will tell you that they must needs yee ug the bodies of those people that take them. e ather all leaves in the hour of that planet that governs em. CHAPTER II. Of Flowers. 1, The flower, which is the beauty of the plant, and of none of the least use in physic, groweth yearly, and is to be ga- thered when it is in its prime. 2. As for the time of gathering them, let the planetary hour, and the plant they come off be observed, as we shew- ed you in the ſoregoing chapter: as for the time of the day, let it be when the sun shines upon them, that so they may be dry ; for if you gather either flowers or herbs when they are wet or dewy, they will not 3 3. Dry them well in the sun, and keep them in papers near the fire, as I shewed you in the foregoing chapter. 4. So long as they retain the smell and colour, they are good; either of them being gone, so is their virtue also, CHAPTER III, Of Seeds, 1. The seed is that part of the plant which is endowed with a vital faculty to bring torth its like, and it contains tentially the whole plant in it. 2. As for the place, let them be gathered from the place where they. most delight to grow. 3, Let them be full ripe when they are gathered, and for- et not the celestial harmony before mentioned ; for I have ihe by experience that their virtues are twice as great at such times as others K There is an appointed time for every thing under the sun. a 4. When you have gathered them, them a little, and but a very little, in the sun before he lay them up. 5. You need not be so careful of keeping them so near the fire as the other before N eee ae are fuller of pirit, and therefore not 30 su corru 56 As for the time of their duration, it 15 1 they will keep a good many years; yet they are t the first year, and this 1 make appear by 8 good argument, They vill grow soonest the first year they be set, therefore then they are in their prime: and it is an easy matter to renew them yearly. DIRECTIONS FOR MAKING srRUrs, &0. 403 CHAPTER IV. Of Roots. 1. Of roots choose neither such as are rotten or worm- eaten, but proper in their taste, colour and smell, such as exceed neither in softness nor hardness, Give me leave to be a little critical against the vulgar re- ceived opinion, which is, that the sap falls down into the root in autumn, and rises in the spring, as men go to bed at night and rise in the morning; and this idle talk of untruth is so grounded in the heads, not only of the vulgar but also of the learned, that a man cannot drive it out by reason, I pray, let such sap-mongers answer me this argu- ment: If sap fails into the roots in the fall of the leaf, and lies there all the winter, then must the root grow only in the winter. But the root grows not at all in winter, as experience teacheth, but only in summer; therefore if you set an apple kernel in the spring, you shall find the root 0 toa pretty bigness in the summer, and be not a whit — next apr . What doth the sap do in the root all that while? ick straws? "Tis as rotten as a post. 2. The truth is, when the sun declines from the tropic of the sap begins to congeal both in root and branch: arcu the 2 of re pay, ri ascends 4 us ins to wax thin again, and by degrees, as it con- gealed. But to proceed. 3% The drier time you gather the roots in, the better they for they have the less excrementitous moisture in them. Such roots as are soft, your best way is to dry in the or else hang them in the chimney corner upon astring ; as are hard, you may dry them anywhere, 5. Such roots as are great, will keep longer than such as are small; yet most of them will keep all the year, 6. Such roots as are soft, it is your way to keep them near the fire, and take this general rule for it. Ii in winter time you find any of your herbs, roots, or flowers begin to be moist, as many times you shall (for it is your best to look to them once a month) dry them by a very on or, if you can, with convenience, keep them near fire, you may save yourself the trouble, 7. It is in vain to dry roots that may commonly be had, as parslev, fennel, plantain, &c, but gather them only ir present Deed. 8 404 DIRECTIONS FOR MAKING syrups, &o. CHAPTER V. Of Barks, 1. Barks, which physicians use in medicine, are of these sorts: of fruits, of roots, of boughs. 2. The barks of fruits are to be taken when the fruitis full ripe, as oranges, lemons, &c. but because I have nothing to do with exotics here, I pass them without any more words. 3. The barks of trees are best gathered in the spring, if of oak or such great trees; because then they come easier off, and so you may them if you please; but indeed the best way is to gather all barks only for present use. 4, As for the bark of roots, tis thus to be gotten: Take the roots of such herbs as have a pith in them, as parsley, fennel, &c. slit them in the middle, and when you have taken out the 1 which you may dasily do, that which remains 7 is called, though improperly, the bark. and indeed is only to be used. CHAPTER VI. Of Juices, 1. Juices are to be pressed out of herbs when they are oung and tender, out of some stalks, and tender tops of bare and plants, and also out of some flowers, 2, Having gathered the herb, if you will preserve the juice of it when it is very dry (for otherwise the juice will not be worth a button) bruiseit well inastone mortar witha wooden pestle, then having put it into a canvass bag, the herb I mean, not the mortar, for that will give but little juice, press it bard in a press, then take the juice and clarify it. 3, The manner of clarifying it is this: Put it into a pip- kin or skillet, or some such thing, and set it over the fire; and when the scum ariseth take it off; let it stand over the fire till no more scum arise; when you have your juice clari- fied, cast away the scum as a thing of no use, 4. When you have thus clarified it, you have two ways to preserve it all the year. Ist. When it is cold put it into a glass, and put so much oil on it as will cover it to the thickness of two fingers; the oil will swim at the top, and so keep the air from coming to putrify it. When you intend to use it, pour it into a por- ringer, and if any oil come out with it, you may easily skim it off with a spoon, and put the juice you use not into the glass again, it will quickly sink under the oil. 2nd. The second way isa little more difficult, and the juice of fruits is usually ; reserved this way. When you — —— — —— — — 1 DIRECTIONS FOR MAKING syrups, &0. 405 have clarified it, boil it over the fire, till being cold it be of the thickness of honey. This is most commonly used for diseases of the mouth, and is called roba and saba. And thus much for the first section, the second follows, SECTION II. THE WAY OF MAKING AND KEEPING ALL NECESSARY COMPOUNDS, CHAPTER I. Of Distilled Waters. HrrHERTO we have spoken of medicines which consist in theirown nature, baa authors vu 1 call Simples, though something impro for in truth, nothing is simple but pure elements; . else are co 2 of them. We come now to treat of the artificial medicines, in the form of 2 Waters are distilled of herbs, of deers, of fruits, and 2 We speak not of strong waters, but ot cold, as being t and not Paracelsus's. | ry ought to be distilled when they are in the greatest vigour, and so ought the flowers also. 4. The vulgar way of distillations which people use be- cause they know no better, is ina Partificia still ; and although weaker by many —.— than they would be were they dis- tilled in sand. If I thought it not impossible to teach you the way of distilling in sand, I would 22 it. covered over with a paper pricked full of oles, so that the excrementitious and fie — vapours may hr saa. which cause waters called the mother, which co dose pape ch co the water ; it is best to nop them with a bladder, being first put in water, and over the top of the ny Buch cold „ hye npn al yr od hw —— . — such as are they are twice as strong, so they endure twice as aie 406 DIRECTIONS FOR MAKING srnors, &. CHAPTER IL Of Syrups. 1. A Syrup is a medicine ofa — form, composed of infusion, decoction, aud juice, An 1 lst. For the more graceful taste, _ 2dly. For the better keeping of it; with a certain quan- tity of honey or sugar hereafter mentioned, boiled to the tikes of new honey. 2. You see at the first view that this aphorism divides it- self into three branches, which deserves severally to be treat- ed of, viz. | 1, Syrups made by infusion. 2, Syrups made by decoction, 3. Syrups made by juice, Of each of these, for your instruction’s sake, kind country- men and women, j speak a word or two a Ist. Syrups made by infusion are usually made of flowers and of such flowers as soon loose their colour and strength by boiling, as roses, violets, peach-flowers, &c. My trans- lation of the London Dispensatory will instruct you in the rest. They are thus made: Having picked your flowers clean, to every pound of them, add three pounds, or three ints, which Far will, for it is all one, of spring water, made iling hot; but first put your flowers into a pewter pot with a cover, and pour the water on them ; then shutting the pot let it stand by the fire to keep hot twelve hours, and strain it out; (in such syrups as purge, as damask roses, peach-flowers, &c. tne usual, and indeed the best way is to repeat this infusion, adding fresh flowers to the same liquor divers times, so that it may be stronger) having strained it out, put the infusion into a pewter bason, or an earthren one well glazed, and to 4 pint of it add two pounds of sugar, which being only melted over the fire without being boiled, and then skimmed, will produce you the syrup you desire, 2ndly. Syrups made by decocticn are usually made of com- pounds, yet may any simple herb be thus converted into syrup. Take the herb, roots, or flowers you would make into a syrup, and bruise a little; then boil it in a conveni- ent quantity of spring water; the more water you boil it in the weaker it will be; a handful of the herb or root is a con- venient quantity fora pint of water; boil it till half the water be consumed, then let it stand till it be almost cold, and strain it through a woollen cloth, letting it run out at leisure, without tater ges To every pint of this decoction add one pound of sugar, and boil it over the fire till it comes to a syrup, which you may know if you now and then coo] / * — DIRECTIONS FOR MAKING sr urs, &. 407 a little of it with a spoon; skim it all the while it boils, and when it is sufficiently boiled, whilst it is hot strain it . . through a piece of woollen cloth, but press it not. Thus you have the syrup perfected. Srdly. Syrups o of juice are usually made of such herbs as are full of juice, and indeed they are better made into a syrup this way than any other; the operation is thus: hav- ing beaten the herb in a stone mortar with a wooden pestle, out the juice and clarify it, as you are taught in the juice: then let the juice boil away till about a quarter of it consumed ; to a pint of this add a pound of sugar, and boil it to a syrup, always skimming it, and when it is boiled enough, strain it through a woollen cloth, as we taught you before, and keepit for your use. 4. If you ea syrup of roots, that are anything hard, as parsley, fennel, and grass roots, &c. when you have bruis- ed them, lay them to steep in that water that you intend to boil them in, hot, so will the virtues the better come out. 5. Keep your syrups either in glasses or stone pots, and them. not with cork or bladder, unless you would have the glass break and the syrup lost, only bind paper about the mouth. All syrups, if well made, will continue a year with some advantage; yet such as are made by infusion keep shortest, CHAPTER III. Of Juleps. 1, Juleps were first invented, as I suppoee, in Arabia, and reason is, because the word julep is an Arabic word. * It signifies only a pleasant potion, as is Penny | used by such as are sick and want help, or such as are in health, and want no money to quench their thirst, 3. ems ag? it is commonly used, 1. To prepare the body for purgation. 2. To — obstructions and the pores, 3. To digest tough humours, 4. To qualify hot distempers, &c. 4. Sim jule ps, (for 1 have nothing to say to com- pounds here) are thus made: Take a pint of such distilled Water as conduces to the cure of your distemper, which this treatise will plentifully furnish you with, to which add two _ ounces of syrup conducing to the same effect ; (I shall give 3 for it in the next chapter) mix them together and k a draught of it at your pleasure, If you love tart things, add ten drops of oil of vitrol to your pint, and shake it together, and it will have a fine grateful taste. 5. All juleps are made for present use, and therefore it is in vain to speak of their duration. 408 DIRECTIO! s FOR MAKING S¥YRUPS, &C. CHAPTER IV. Of Decoctions. 1, All the difference between decoctions, and syrups made by decoction, is this: syrups are made to keep, decoctions only for present use ; for you can hardly keep a decoction a week at any time ; ifthe weather be hot, you cannot keep it half so long. 2. Decoctions are made of leaves, roots, flowers, seeds, fruits, or barks, conducing to the cure of the disease you make them for, and are made in the same manner as we have shew- ed you in syrups, 3. Decoctions made with wine last longer than such are made with water; and if you take your decoction to cleanse the passage of the urine or open obstructions, your best way is to make it with white wine instead of water, because this is penetrating. 4, Decoctions are of most use in such diseasesas lie in the passage of the body, as the stomach, bowels, kidneys, passages of urine and bladder, because decoctions pass quick- er to those places than any other form of medicine, 5. If you will sweeten your decoction with sugar, or any syrup fit for the occasion you take it for, which is better, you may, and no harm. 6. Ifina decoction you boil both roots, herbs, flowers, and seed together, let the roots boil a good while first, be- cause they retain their virtues longest; then the next in order by the same rule, viz. 1. the barks, 2, the herbs. 3. the seeds, 4, the flowers, 5, the spices, if you put any in, because then the virtues come soonest out, 7. Such things as by boiling cause sliminess to a decoc- tion, as figs quin linseed, &c. your best way is, after you have bruised them, to tiethem up in alinenrag, as you tie ae brains, and so boil them. 8. p all decoctions in a glass close sto and the cooler place you keep them in the longer they will last ere they be sour. Me sey ‘ e dose to be given ‘ne one be are two, ree, four, or five ounces, according to the age and strength of the patient, the season of the year, the strength of the medicine, and the quality of the disease, CHAPTER V, Of Oils. 1, Oil Olive, which is commonly known by the name of salads oil, I suppose, because it is usually eaten with salads by them that love it; if it be pressed out of ripe olives, ac- cording to Galen, is temperate, and exceeds in no one quality. 2 DIRECTIONS FOR MAKING srnors, &. 409 2 Of oils, some are simple, and some are compound. 8. Simple oils are such as are made of fruits or seeds by expression, asoil of sweet or bitter almonds, linseed and rape seed oil, &c. of which see in my di tory. 4, Compound oils are made of oil of olives, and other simples, imagine herbs, flowers, roots, &c. 5. The way of making them is this; having bruised the herbs or flowers you make your oil of, put them into an earthen pot, and to two or three handfuls of them pour a pint of oil, cover the pot with a paper, set it in the sun about a fortnight or so, according as the sun is in hotness : then hay- ing warmed it very well by the fire, press out the herb, &c. very hard in a press, and add as many more herbs to the same oil ; bruise the herbs (I mean not the oil) in like man- ner, set them in the sun as before; the oftener you repeat this, the stronger your oil will be; at last, when you con- ceive it strong enough, boil both oil and herbs together, till the eae be consumed, which you may know by its leaving its 1 the herbs will be crisp; then strain it while it is hot, and keep it in a stone or glass vessel for our your use, 6. As for chemical oils, I have nothing to say here. 7. The general use of these oilsis for pains in the limbs, in the skin, theitch, &c. as also for ointments plaisters. 8. If you have occasion to use it for wounds or ulcers, in two ounces of of oil, dissolve half an ounce of t ntine, the heat of the fire will quickly do it; for oil itself is offensive to wounds, and turpentine qualifies it. CHAPTER VL Of Electuaries, Physicians make more a quoil than needs by half about N 1 ota describe but one general 5 of mak- them up; as for ingredients you may vary them as you please, and as you find occasion, by the last chapter. I. That you may make electuaries when you need them, it is requisite that you keep always herbs, roots, flowers, seeds, &c. ready dried in your house, that so you may be in readiness to beat them into a powder when you do them, 2. It is better to keep them whole than beaten; for being beaten, they are more subject to lose their strength, because the air soon penetrates them. 3. If not dry enough to beat into powder when you need them, dry them by a gentle fire till they are so. 4. Having beaten them, sift them through a fine tiffany searce, that no great pieces may be found in your electuary. 5. To one ounce of your powder add three ounces of clari- 410 DIRECTIONS FOR MAKING srRups, &. fied honey; this quantity I hold to be sufficient. If you would make more or less electuary, vary your proportion ac- ne a ar 6. Mix them well together in a mortar, and take this for a truth, you cannot mix them too much, ; 7. The way to clarity honey, is to set it over the firein a convenient vessel till the scum arise, and when the scum is taken off it is clarified. 8. The usual dose of cordial electuaries is from half a dram to two drams; of purging electuaries, from half an ounce to an ounce, | 9. The manner ot keeping them is in a pot. 10, The time of taking them is either in a morning fast- ing, and fasting an hour after them; or at night going to bed, three or four hours after supper. CHAPTER VIL, Of Conserves, 1, The way of making conserves is two-fold ; one of herbs and flowers, and the other ot fruits, 2. Conserves ofherbs and flowers are thus made: if you thus make your conserve of herbs, as of scurvy grass, worm- wood, rue, and the like, take only the leaves, and the tender tops (for you may beat your heart out before you can beat the stalks small) and having beaten them, weigh them, and to every pound of them add three pounds of sugar; you can- not beat them too much, 3. Conserves ot fruits, as barberries, sloes, and the like, are thus made; first scald the fruit, then rub the pulp through a thick hair sieve made for that purpose, called a pulping © sieve; you may doit for a need with the back ofa spoon, then take this pulp thus drawn and add to it its weight of sugar, and no more; put it into a pewter vessel and over a charcoal fire: stirit up and down till the sugar be melted, and your conserve is made, 4. Thus you have the way of making conserves; the way of keeping them is in earthern pots, 5. The dose is usually the quantity ofa nutmeg at a time, — and evening, or (unless they are purging) when you ease. . 9. Of conserves, some keep many years, as conserve of roses; others but a year, as conserve of borage, bugloss, cowslips, and the like. 7. Have a care of the working of some conserves pre- sently after they are made; look to them once a day, and stir them about. Conserves of borage, bugloss, and wormwood, have an excellent faculty at that sport. 8. You may know when your conserves are almost spoiled DIRECTIONS FOR MAKING SYRUPS, &e. 411 by this; you shall find a hard crust at the & witl. little holes in it as though worms had been eating th CHAPTER VIII. Of Preserves, Of preserves are sundry sorts, and the operation of al being somewhat different, we shall handle them all apart. ar preserved with sugar, 1, Flowers. 2. Fruits, 3. Roots. 4. Barks, 1, Flowersare very seldom preserved; I never saw any that I remember save only cowslip flowers, and that was a fashion in Sussex when I was a boy. It is thus done. a flat glass, we call them jar-glasses, strew on a laying of fine oe. on that a laying of flowers, and on that another laying sugar, on that another laying of flowers, sodo till glass be full; then tie it over with a paper, and in a lit- 3 8 shall have very excellent and pleasant preserves, There is another way of preserving flowers, namely with e salt, as they pickle capers and broom buds; but ve little skill in it myselt, | cannot teach you. 5 — Fruits, as quinces and the like, are preserved two differ- st. Boil them well in water, and then p ce them through 3 as we shewed you beivre; then with the like quan- tity of sugar boil the water they were boiled in into a 12 00 50 es & pound of sugar to a pint of liquor; to every . tour ounces of the pulp, then boil it K wich a pe 1 fire totheir right consistence, which you may. y know if you drop adrop of syrup on a trencher ; it be enough, it will not stick to your fingers when itis cold. 2nd. Another way to preserve fruits is this: First pare off the rind, then cut them in halves and take out the core, and boil them in water til] 17 are soft; if you know when beef is 22 you aay geal ow when they are, then boil the its like weight of sugar into a “yTup put the syrup ito a put, and put the boiled fruit as whole as you when you cut into it, and let it remain till you have occasion to use it. 3. Roots are thus preserved: First scrape them very clean, and cleanse them from the pith, if they bave any, for some roots have not, as eringo and the like: boil them in water till they be soft, as we shewed you before in the fruits: then boil the water you boiled the root in into a syrup as we shew- ed you betors, then key: the root whole in Uw syrup till you use them. 412 DIRECTIONS FOR MAKING SYRUPS, &o. 4. As for barks,we have but few come to our hands to be done, and of those the few that I can remember, are oranges, lemons, citrons, and the outer barks of walnuts which grow, without-side the shell, for the shells themselves would make but scurvy preserves; these be they I can remember, if there be any more put them into the number. The way of preserving these is not all one in authors for some are bitter, some are hot: such as are bitter, say authors, must be soaked in warm water, oftentimes chang- ing till the bitter taste be fled; but I like not this way, and my reason is this, because I doubt when their bitterness is gone so is their virtue also; I shall then prescribe one com- mon way, the same with the former, viz. first boil thein whole till they be soft, then makea %% Med sugar and the liquor you boil them in, and keep the barksin the syrup. 5. They are kept in glasses or in ber pots. 6. The preserved flowers will keep a year, if you can for bear eating of them; the roots and barks much longer. 7. This art was plainly and first invented for delicacy, yet came afterwards to be of excellent use in physic; for Ist. Hereby medicines are made pleasant for sick and squeamish stomachs, which would else loath them. 2dly. Hereby they are preserved from decaying à long time. CHAPTER IX, Of Lohocks, 1. That da the 8 call 2 and the Greeks eclegmia, the Latins inctus, an English i- fies pothing else but a thing to be lick el 2. Their first invention was to Aale and remedy afflio- tions of the breast and lungs, to cleanse the lungs of phlegm, and make it fit to be cast out. 3. They are in body thicker than a syrup, and not so thick as an electuary. 4. The manner of taking them is often to take a little with liquorice stick, and let it go down at leisure. They are easily thus made: Make a decoction of peo- toral herbs, and the treatise will furnish you with enough, and when you have strained it with twice ita weight ofhone or sugar, boil it to a lohock ; if you are mo with mu hlegm, honey is much better than suger, and if you adda little re eee if not, I hold sugar to Wa Th en pois, weit tna he d 10 t is kept in pots, and may & year an r. 7. It is excellent for roughness of the wind-pipe, mae: mations and ulcers of the lungs, difficulty * asthmas, coughs, and distillations of humours. — — ee ——%ẽ - pe tei - DIRECTIONS FOR MAKING sYRUPs, &o. 413 CHAPTER X. Of Ointments. 1, Various are the ways of making vintments, which au- thors have left to ‘posterity, and which I shall omit, and one which is easiest to be made, and therefore most beneficial to pale that are ignorant in physic, for whose sake I write It is thus done: Bruise those herbs, flowers, or roots, you will make an ointment of, and to two handfuls of your bruised herbs add 8 pound of hog’s grease dried, or cleansed from the skins, beat them very well together in a stone mortar with a wood- en pestle, then put it into a stone pot, (the herb and grease I mean, not the mortar) cover it with a paper, and set it either in thé sun or some other warm place, three, four, or five days, that it may melt; then take it out and boil ita little, and whilst it is hot strain it out, pressing it out very hard in a press; to this grease add as many more herbs as before, let them stand in like manner as long, then boil them as you did the former. If you think your ointment not strong enough, you may do it the third and fourth time; yet this I will tell you, the fuller of juice the herbs the sooner will 9 ointment be strong: the last time you boil it, boil it so long till your herbs be crisp, and the juice consumed then strain it, pressing it hard in a press, and to every pound of ointment two ounces of turpentine and as much wax. because grease is offensive to wounds as well as oil. 2. Ointments are vulgarly known to be kept in pots, and will last above a year, sometimes above two years, CHAPTER XI, Of Plaisters. 1, The Greeks made their plaisters of divers e, and metals into most of them, if not all; for having reduced metals into powder, pe | mixed them with the fatty substances whereof the rest of the plaister consisted whilst it was yet bot, continually stirring it up and down lest it should sink to the bottom; so they continually stirred it till it was stiff; then they made it into rolls, which when they needed for use, they could melt it by the fire again, 2. The Arabians made up theirs with oil and fat, which needeth not so long boiling. A The Greeks’ emplaisters consisted of these ingredients, metals, stones, divers sorts of earth, foeces, juices, liquors, seeds, roots, excrements of creatures, wax, rosin, and guma, CHAPTER XII, - Of Poultices, Puultiovs are those kind of things which the Latins call 414 DIRECTIONS FOR MAKING sYaurs, &c. cutaplasmata, and our learned fellows, that if they can read English, that’s all, call them cataplasms, because ‘tis a crab- bed word few understand; it is indeed a very fine kind of medicine to ripen sores, ‘ 2. They are made of herbs and roots fitted for the dis- ease aforesaid, being cho small and boiled in water to a jelly; then adding a little barley meal, or meal of lupins, and a little oil or ro sweet suet, which I hold to be better, spread upon a cloth and applied to the grieved part. 3. Their use is to ease pains, to b sores, to cool in- flammations, to dissolve hardness, to ease the spleen, to con- coct humours, and dissipate swellings. 4. I beseech you to take this caution along with you: Use no poultices, if you can help it, that are of an healing nature, before you have first cleansed the body, because they are subject to draw the humours to them from every part of the body. CHAPTER XIII, Of Troches. 1, The Latins call them placentu/a, or little cakes, and the Greeks prochikots, kukliscot,and artiscot ; they are usually lit- tle round flat cakes, or you may make them square if you will. 2. Their first invention was, that powders being so kept, et resist the intermission of air, and so endure oe longer. . Besides, they are easier carried in the pockets of such as travel; as any man, for example, is forced to travel whose stomach is too cool, or at least not so hot as it should be, which is more proper, for the stomach is never cold till a man be dead; in such a case it is better to troches of wormwood or galangal, in a paper in his Soeket, than to take a gallipot along with him. / 4, They are made thus: At night when you go to bed, take two drams of fine gum tragacanth ; put it into a galli- t, and put half a quarter of a pint of any distilled water tting for the purpose you would make your troches for to cover it, and the next morning you shall find it such a jelly as the physicians call mucilage: with this you may, (witha little pains taken) make a powder into a paste, and that paste into cakes called troches, 5. Having made them, dry them in the shade, and keep them in the pot for your use. CHAPTER XIV. Of Pills. 1. They are called pilule, because they resemble Httle balls; the Greeks call them catapolia. 2. It is the opinion of modern physiciana, that this way of making medicines was invented only to deceive the alate, on DIRECTIONS FOR MAKING srRuPs, &o. 415 that so by swallowing them whole, the bitterness of the me- dicine t not be perceived, or at least might not be in- sufferable; and indeed most of their pills, though not all, are very bitter. 3. 1 am of clean contrary opinion to this. I rather think they were done up in this hard form that so they might be the oo digesting. The first invention of pills was to purge the ; now, as | told you before, such infirmities as lie near the passages were best removed by decoctions, because they — to the grieved parts soonest; so here, if the inflr- mity liesin the head or any other remote part, the best way is to use pills, because they are longer in digesting, and therefore better able to call the offending humours to them. 4. If I should tell te here a long tale of medicines work- ing by sympathy and antipathy, you would not understand a word of it; they that are set to make physicians may find it in the treatise. All modern physicians know not what be- longs to a pathetical cure, no more than a cuckoo what belongs to and sharps in music, but follow the vulgar road, and call it a hidden quality, because it is hidden from the eyes of dunces, and indeed none but e e a can give a reason for it; and physic without reason is like puddi without fat. 5. The way to make pills is very easy, for with the help of a pestle and mortar, and a little diligence, you may make any der into pills, either with syrup or the jelly I told you before, CHAPTER XV. The mixing Medicines according to the cause of the n of the body afflicted, of This being indeed the key of the work, I shall be some- what the more diligent init. I shall deliver myself thus: 1, To the vulgar. 2. To such as study astrology; or such as study physic &~trologically. Ist. To the vulgar. Kind souls, I am sorry it hath been your sad mishap to have been so long trained in such Egy tian darkness, even darkness which to your, sorrow may felt. The v road of physic is not in my practice, and I am therefore the more unfit to give you advice. I have now blished a little book, (Every Man his own Doctor) which will instruct you, not only in the knowledge of your own — 5 but also in fit medicines to remedy each part of it when afflicted ; in the mean season take these few rules to ms te stomachs, „With the disease regard the cause, and the part of the body afflicted; for example, suppose a woman be subject te miscarry through wind, thus do: * 416 DIRECTIONS FOR MAKING SYRUPS, &u. (I.) Look out abortion in the table of diseases, and you shan de directed by that how many herbs prevent miscarri (2.) Look out wind in the same and you See how many of these herbs expel wind. 1. These are the herbs medicinal for your grief. 2. In all diseases strengthen the parts of the body afflicted. 3. In mixed diseases there lies some difficulty, for some- times two parts of the body are afflicted with contrary hu- mours, as sometimes the liver is afflicted with choler and water, as when a man hath had the dropsy and yellow jaun dice; and this is usually mortal. In the former, suppose the brain to be too cold and moist, and the liver to be hot and dry; thus do: 1, Keep your head outwardly warm. 2. Accustom yourself to the smell of hot herbs, 3. Take a pill that heats the head at night going to bed. 4. In the morning take a decoction that cools the liver, or that quickly passeth the stomach, and is at the liver im- mediately. * You must not think, courteous people, that I can spend time to give you examples of all diseases. These are enough to let you see so much light as you without art are able to receive, If I should set you to look at the sun, I should dazzle your eyes and make you blind. 2ndly. To such as study astrology, (who are the only men I know that are fit to study physic, physic, without astro- logy, being like a lamp without oil} you are the men I ex- ingly respect, and such documents as cd brain can give you at present, being absent from 71 study, I shall give you. 1. Fortify the body with herbs of the nature of the Lord of the Ascendant, tis no matter whether he be a Fortune or In- fortune in this case. ¥ 2. Let your medicine be something anti-pathetical to tne Lord of the Sixth. a 3. Let your medicine be something of the nature of his ascending. ; 4, If the Lord of the Tenth be strong, make use of his me- dicines, 5. If this cannot well be, make use of the medicines of the Light of Time, Be sure always to fortify the grieved part of the body Ly sympathetical remedies, 7. Regard the heart, keep that upon the wheels, because the sun is the foundation of life, and therefore those uni ver- sal remedies Aarum Potabile, and the Philosopher's stone cure all diseases by fortifying the heart. N a AN ALPHABETICAL LIstT OF ALL HUMAN DISEASES, WITH THE NAMES OF THE HERBS THAT WILL CURE THEM, AND THE Number of Page upon which each Herb can be found, The whole being a Oomplete Guide to Culpeper’s Horbal. — 9 —— er or Snake weed, 53, Fern, 138, Gladwin, 164, Ground - AOONITES, or Resisters Rr Ge Ground-pine, 172. Adust Guousn—Do.kier of Th yme, —.— a ai aS Brank Ursine, 50, 55 — Winter, 85, Olary, 92. N Flax - weed, 147, Ground- pine. 172, Hops, 191 5 410, Whi White Lilly. 2 215, Periwi 270, Sage, 311, 8 Flowers, 383. Agrimony, 18, 26, A baca, berry Bil- berries, 4 Buck’s-horn IA ing ey 73, Eringo, 133, Black Hellebore, 181 ga ian 1 206, 6, Lovare, 219, Mallows, 223, Sweet yng tard (t ), 244, Rue Tor heel ie Stone Crop, 355, Thistle . gt Verv common), 379. ALMONDS IN THE Dias Bistort, 58, Caltrops jee 765, Devil's Bit, 116, Mustard, (hedge). 246. Avio M (hedge and white), 246. AyNTHONY’s Fire (Sr.) —Alkanet, 16, Peres a Colt’ ie, Ho 97, Orab’s Claws, 102, Duck’s-M eat, 126, Hawk- WwW „ A 196, Kiduey wort, 206, Marsh Mallows, ale. oppy, 233, (garden), 304, Succory, 365, W oad, 393, Betony (wood,) 47, Cherry-tree, Chervil —— 87, „Gulag la Grose Crosswort, 185, n u e APOPLEXY Lily of the Valle, 214, Walnuts, 384. — e . 9, Bardock 10, 193. 417 418 INDEX OF DISEASES, AND HERBS THAT CUR. Bix, 2 pains, strengthening of the— Clary, #2, Wormwood, ee e ee 775 Walnuts, 384, Yarrow, 399. BaBRRENNESS—Arrach, 8 4 BRA8T8, eee b 15, Ash- tree, n 87, Garden Basil, 89, Beets, 45, Bistort. 53, Black Blue-Bottle, 58. Buck e-horn Plautain, 64, Cabbages. 71, Bure vagy 75, Fleur-de-Lys, 153, Garlick, 160, Gentian, 162, St. John's Wort, 204, Juniper-tree, 204, Lavender (cotton), 211, Nettle, 250, n 266, Tretoil, 874, Valerian (warden), 377, Worm- wood, 394 ie Cownline: 101, Teasel, 364. BrxEs— Woad common), 391. 9 BELCHINGS— Betony (wood), 47, Burnet, 68. BELLY, Ly es of the Hollyy ist 187, 33 207, Mulberry-tree, 242, es coon of Pall He 15, migra 71, Holly, 187, rege Marsh ows reg 223, Peach-tree, 262, oe "Rhubarb great monk's), 293. W mony, 18. tree, 48, Bilberries, 49 Stone Crop, 355. BirtH—All-Heal, 15, -tree, 41, Mugwort (c own), 241. -Heal, 1 87, Carduus ” 008 Map L Garlic, 1 Geass aa Mint (garden), 234, tus, 77 LD 9 Buck's-horn Plantain, 3 BITING OF SERPENTS—Alexander, 22, Asse 83, Dwarf Sit 129, pane, 131 9 200, Mint, 234. BLACK AND BLUE SPOTS—Buy-tree, 41, Bishops’ Weed, 52, Briony, 60, Bugle, 66, Burnet, 68, Dock (common), 119, tad: (olle). B 1 1 — N * ae oN 100, Cowslips, 101, Fili- LADDER— Asparagus , 34, w wslips, " vendula, 143, 12 (water), 272, Vervain (commun), 379, inter Green, 301 BLASTINGS BY LIGHTNING—Purslane, wae nage Rd 8 1 Burn 17, bea, i yo Aa a , 47, meng ug Burnet, Camp w » 76, nquelo Oross wort, 106, Elm-tree, 131, Horse- Tuil. 194, tyres Tongue, 195, Knapweed (common), 207, 3 Sweet, 230, Mint, 234, Mouey wort, 237, M Mulberry- tree, 242, Nettle 22 comm len). 311 * SBanicle, 315, Solomon’s 355. Vervain 1A = 4 379, Wheat, 3 385. BLEEDING BY tos BLINDNEss— Beets, he b sig 1 5 Valley, 214, N eu e, 0 n 106, Sun Dew —— 1 ee win (common 30, Torment, 23. bush Ol t of— „ 47, -bus own’s “Wound ort, 88, Dock 8 119. St. John's 8 253, P lan 274, Privet, 284, Rose damask), Pacey By Hose (raat, 302, Sage (common gurden), 311, BLoopy Using Clown’ s Woundwort, 95, Comfrey, ye Horse-T: Plantain, 274, Privet, 284, shicphend’s ag Sa 2 8 Nn (common), 207, P of the Wall, 264, Dittany of Bors Balm, 37, Carduus Benedictus, 77, Lovage, 219, Mullein (white), BonzEs Pee „ 98, 117, Eri “Fons — 8 yy St. John’s Wort, 203, Pers Ney ty 5 Seab Gentian, e G 16, Alehoof, 20, Bugle, e 27, Balm. 1 8 74, Cresses — a Houseleek, . . 210, Lettuce, Plantain, 2 Rose (ht (hip), 300. * pare Brrasr—Agrimony, 18. Agrimony (water). 2. Balm, 37, Comfrey, 98, INDEX OF DISEASES, AND HERBS (HAT CURR. 419 Cross- Wort. 105. ort, 143, Fi 4 Groundsel, — — e = ol wa, Mint (garden), 195, en), Rosemary, 303, Svabdi — 379. ** 26, Arssmart, 31. 8 Betony (wood), Bit- weet, 64. Brank Ursine, ugle, 66, Clary, 92, Crab’s Claws, 102, Daisies, 112, Dove — 124, Fern (water), 139, Fir tree, 144, —.— 248, Pennyroyal, 266, Service- tree, 331, — — 18. a Wear en Hel 182, Ivy, 202, Li rt, riony, ae verwo . 5 0 211, St. Peter's Wort, 27 CacHEXIA— water Cleavers, 94, Dandelion, 114. CancERs—Ayrimony, ae ‘Alchuot, 21 a 8 ogee oy — —— 68, 83 (wild), 76, Elecampane, 1m, tgrass, 208, Saxifrage, 320. eus, 36. CHILBLALNs —Betony (water), 46, Fiewort, 143, Hyssop, 201, ate wort, 206. CHOLER—Alexauder, 21, Asarabaca, — Dodder of vine, 126. 8 Nasr tie (de 8, 153, Gerinander, 163, Groundsel * 173, Heubane, 181, lvy-tree, 202, Sweet Marjo 227, Peach-tree, 262, —— (hip), 300, Sorrel, 340, Tutsan, 376, alerian (garden), t. 380. ‘CHOLER — — Foot (common), 97. CHOLERIC PLUXEs— Poppy (wild), 252. CHOLERIC HUMO nion, 24, Poppy (wild), = — 901 N. 299, Sueccory (wild), 357, Tansy (common), 361, y, 18, Alehoo ft, 20, Angelica, 26, Avens, 38, Camomile, Oe ype — A ee po Berens oe 173, 4 fi. Mus- — eee er Savory (winter), 319, 11 (woou), 313, — 2 Grass, 827, Tutsan, 376. n Ba aren el Bil 3 „Brook lime, 62, Galamins. 73, Colts’ Foot, 97. ge 144, Hawk- a, 178, Havel Nut, 179, Hemp, Horehound, 192, Pp inane. 1 orive, 216. 0 — rt, M * 1 wil M —*.— (b luck), 4 — Se 258, Parsnip (cow), an: Poppy 3 208, Rosemary, 508, Sage, 311. GEALED Se Bitter * — Poppy ane . LL 806, Comvu1sions—All-Heal, 15, Betony (wood), 47, Calamint, Chick- one th Cowslips, 101, B27 elder, 130, 0, 133, tian, a a a 180, Honeysuckle, 190, Moneywort, 237, mint, 73, — 74. e . Cowslips, 101, Fiéur-de- — 163, Masterwort, 229, Mustard, #5 uyroyal, 206, Maxifrage (: *.—5 Bn. 420 INDEX OF DISEASES. AND HERBS THAT CURE. D DANDEUFF—Beets, G, Scabious, Willow-tree, 391. DAD CHILD—Alkanet, 16, Adder’s Tongue, 17, Briony, 60, Centaury, — Fleur-de-Lys, 154, Gladwin, 164, Masterwort, 229, Pennyroyal, DEaFNEss—Alehoof, Carduus 8 77, 8 (sow), 136, Henbane, 184, * 226, Lamarisk- tree. Varro D 53, e (wild), 372, Yarrow, 397 DigEsTion—Coleworts ( raged 72, Gentian, 162, Hawk-Weed, 178, Lettuce, 212, Lovage, 219, Mint, 234, Mustard (black), 244, Rose (hip), ye Rosemary, 303, Sorrel (common), 339, Saracen’s Con- soun NU e NA eee, 45, Fennel (sow), 136, Mustard DD4NESS OF SIGHT Rosemary, 808, — 4 293, Sar- saparilla, 317, Savory 7 229. W Willowctres DISEASE, sudden—Alkanet, 16. DIsLOCATIONS—Brank Ursine, 59, Butcher’s Broom, 63. Dogs—Horehound, 192, Hound’s Tongue, 196. DreEaMs—Lettuce, 213, Purslane, 285. seal © (water), Spe Sy ei - Pore fon ~*~ opr sani -tree, 40, Betony (wood), 4 room, er (dw 129, Eringo, 188 133, Flax-weed, 147, Glad 164, Hawi Weed 171. Juniper-tree, 204, Kidneywort, 206, oram, 226, terwort, 229, Moss (around), 239, Mugwort, 241, Parsley — mon), 258, Pellitory of the Wall, 265, Saracen’s — 9 316, Succory, 357. ‘WSINESS— DRUNKENNESS—I vy-tree, 21. j DULLNEss OF eee de Bg 210. DisuRY—Asparaxus, 34 Bay · tree (French), 42, Brank Ursine, 69, Brook Lime, 61, Batter-Bur, 69, Calamint, 73, Cardurs 1 . Eringo, 138, Ivy-tree, 201, Tansy (garden), 362, E Ears— mony, 19, Alehoof, 21, 8 Adee Eider (d . Fennel (so ee, iss Ivy-tree, 202, 1 155 (sweet), 227 Wall ony’ Rese N ret 1822.5 1 Pellitory of the Wall, 265, Rose 5 hip), 299, Earwia—Comtrey, 98 EPIDEMICAL Se hn aay pe a Beton POG 47, Bistort, 58, Burnet, 68, Batten buses EPpuIaLTEes—Cudweed, 109, aang (male ). * ExCORIATIONS— Marsh Mal lows, 224, Plan 274, Purslain, 285 EyxEs—Aleb „41. Betony i (wood), 21 27, Bay- tree, Blue Bottle, W set 7 ‘Gelandine, 79, Centa 47 Clary wild), 93, wtoot, 106, Pint, 1 Cucumbe 108, ie 4 — „129, „ rn aa Paint 8 round- sel, 173, Horehound, 192, House leck. 196, Lil of the Valley, 214, nN 219, ee eo Bs — 2 . ot, 232, N E el, 27 (hip), 209, Tansy 9 N. + Viet F -tree, Carduus Benedictus, 77. — . sciatica We evil's Bit, 116, L. 3 219, Pennyroyal, cre owe tree. ramermo. Honeysuckle, 190, 1 210, wk 239, Penny- (hip), 900 IED doer ye) 16, Bugle, 66 Wort. 143, * wood), 1 FALLING SICKNESS— Beton ( „ 47, Briony, 60 8 Fennel {eos ae Fox-Glove, 156, Gen’ ellibore Hellibore (black), 181, arch Mellows. 234, Masterwort. Mus terd. INDEX OF DISEASES, AND HERBS THAT CURE. 431 Parsley, Parsni * Pennyroyal, * Poplar tek, 37, Dre, . me ——— Olea vers, 94. a — 31, Nitzer Sweet. 34, Herb True-Love, 187, Nail- Frvers—Borage, 57, Camomile, ve ey 92. Dandelion, 114, Lily of the es, 856. ater), 20, Aleh PR 66, Clary 8 ma Fieur-de-Lys, 1 Bugle, (common), = Vervain (common), 379, Winter 391, Yarrow, Fosaxrrviivas+—Agrimony (water), 20, Asarabaca, 33, Water Lily Fieas—Alder (common), 24, Asarabaca, 33. — 2 . 2 Fro oF BLoop— ony, 18, 1 thus, 1, Barberry, 87, Basil -tree, 40, Bed-Straw (ladies’), 829 herd’ ‘Thorn- berry (black}, ‘30, ore un Yarrow (common), f, Yarrow (sneezew ort), 308. Sa bs, Sig Mi aa Wao ae To — Hyssop apa J ort, 203, Sage, (wood), 1 5 — 2 — 140, 32 — — 58 7, Mint, 284, 6 (hip), 298. 4, Nettle (common) Walnuts, tou” 8. . Cab 71, Cuckoo We wort, 171, Hellebore „ 181, -wort, 206, of Valley, 214, Mus (black), 245, N (common), 25 of the Wall, 26, Peunyroyal, 266, Poppy (wild), 238, taury mada 0, SS F Parse bush, 166, fod. 1% 168, Groun Grounded (common), 173, Kno 208, Matlows (common), 223, Marsh- mu, Net common), 260, Piert, 259 G@nrema—Dog’s-crass, 121 Seay Sheen 164, Groundsel (common), 178 . 212, Lovage, 219, Mouse-ear, #0, Plantain, NI common), Gums Bistort. — Bugle, 6, Mint (wild), 294, Tansy (common), 333 422 INDEX OF DISEASES, AND HERBS THAT CURE. 90. Hum, to restore —Elm- tree. 131. Zunge rongue 196, 195, ag n ns Maiden-hair (white). 222, Mallows A Heap—Asarabaca, 33, Lier alen 55. Clary ey —— — S e 5 3 scat euch - oppy (crowfoot), ase (Ip ‘ 329, Succory (wild), 367, Tuornberry (black), 369, Valerian r , . 1 178, gray je 228 „ eee — Balm, urn 68. Sa vers. Gentian, 1 ort — 208, Knapweed, 207, Privet, 284, Southernw 341. T. k- tree, 300. e e Poy 117, Fennel, 135, Hart’s Tongue, 177, Mint (gar en), 233. Han N gic: RE Weed, 52. Hips—Thyme (common garden), 371. — Gab es. 71, Flea wort. 162. uorice, * Marsh Mal- —4 224, Nep. 249, Peach-tree, -_ ums, 276, py (wild), Saye (common), 311, Violet, Humouns—liorse 233. HypocHoNDRIa—Darnel, 115, Eringo, 13%. ILIAO Passion—Savine, 318. — Alehoot, 20, Asarabaca, 32, Basil (garden), 82, Dandelion, 114, St. * 4 8 8 Wort, ad vy „ n Scare Wort. n (squinanth ood), 313, Saracen 218 Scabious 7 *— field 3, Teasel, 364. INFLAMM .TIONS—Asarabaca, 32, 88, Brook Lime, 61 e 28. Mae 7 92, Clown’s Woundwort, 95 Comfre er (dwarf), 129, Hemlock, 182, 1 * Ki 08 uce (common), 212, Liver- 218, — dnb» -agh- m4 Melilot, 231, Poppy fiver zs S54 —4 1 ‘Pimpernel wa (water), * Joey | u great 339, Thorough-wax (white), 370, 3 879, V V Wale D 10 — vo 3 ee 122, Parsnip ( , 260. N, to preserve m- og's p (cow), F 26, Baim, 36, Barberry, 37, Beets, 44, Bur- — Ales ater), Alehoo ter eg at bats Dusk r Boras eee — — „ Marjoram (wild), 8 22 Beabious 0 (lesser — dala aie — (common), 340, 3 JAUNDICE, Black — Hellebore (black ——ů— Yellow—Ash-tree, 34, 2 . Bistort. But- cher’s Broom, 62, Calamint, 73, Camom — #4, Greases (bi ). 102, Dandelion, 114, Fumitory, 157, 181, Hemp, erb True-Love. 187, Ivy-tree, 201, Pokey See eee Jourrs—Beuns, 41, Broom, 63, Cam 74, Clary, 92, Comfrey, 99, 126, —— — 172 terwo 42 Rose (hip), 800. (garden), 304, 8 — * t (Common), 38i, Trefoil, 374. te’ Foot (common), 97, Darnel, 115, Figwort, 148, Ground - sel (common), 173, Missel 236, Mugwort (common), 241, Sarre! (common). 340, Stone „AL. Vervain (common), 879. Se — INDEX OF DISEASES, AND HERRS THAT CURE. 423 KIBES— 143, Henbane (common), 181, Kidney wort, 206. KipyeyYs—Urab’s Claws, tos. Dove's Foot, 124, Eringo, we Furze-bush, 158, — — Pere a aoe a 3 verwort, 218, Kuve’s Evin—Akier Vat, Clown ete 74, 3 76, Carduus Benedic wu's W 138, Fumi- tory, 157 tian, 1 168, n ey wort, 206, Marsh on ws, 224, — 236, Orchis, 256, Rampi sheep’s), 29, Sage Sage (common), si. 311. ee Wil 31s, Svone-Crop, 855, — 2 (warden illow-tree, 390. Kors IN THF FLESH —Clar lowu's — — 95, 15, allen 112, Daudelion, 11 Gn ), 173, Hemp, den- hair ety 222, Misseltoe, 8. idugwort, hai, L Lax—Darnel, 115, Fluellein, Groundsel (common), 173, Haw 178, oa po he, Aamo 194, Juniper-tree, mig bee Ges (ground 238, Mulberry-tree, 242, Oak- $3. Pew —— 271, Quince-tree, 287, Rhubarb ( —Axzrimouy, n n 8 tree, —— meg — aa.) 13 — — ow- LHA ROT ‘Aader’ Tongue, ter), 104, Fennel oe (black). 245, Nen pan 257, 22 — der (neh Ba 319, Tormentil, 37 ban Dr ek, Hyesen ate. -tree, 5 E — 4 (water), 20, Avens, Bilberries, hy Camomile, Costmary, 100, Cucumber, 108, Eative, 132, ie-Lys. N. Hart’s Tongue, 177, Hops, lol, Hore- bound, 102, Kiduey wort. 14 338 Wallan t e 24, Parsnip (cow), 261, P 2 Poppy (yellow horned), 283, — j n Le e e Lun@s—Bay-tree, 0. Chervil (sweet), 88. e u (common ag 142, Lungwort, 80. Ma Mallows, 224, Mar. 9 — * Masterwort, 22, Money wort, 237, Mustard 3 W ok o Dog's M 0 t Lust, to eee 4 6 Meroury ne rn —— Hellebore — Does Plantain K horn), 276. rens 1 108, Bolomon’s Seal, 339. kanet, 16, Bistort, 68. vage, 219, Sage, 811, Tormen- 374. * 40, Flea-wort, 161, Tansy (common), 361 L 21, Arrach, 2, Balm, m, 96, Blites, 66, “Burnet, 68, Cabbages, 71 s Grass, 121, * ow, 140, Fumito 1, Gentian, 162, Herb Kobert, Polypore Mallow, 224. ’ Peony (male 1 £0 ; „ Spleen-w: ———9— i, common), 861, Viper’s 187. 1 Caruuus —— Evebright, 1%. ‘ Mallo N — 186, ws, 223, Sow- 424 INDEX OF DISEASES, AND HERBS THAT CUR= MIIx CurDLING—Mint (garden), Parsley (common), 258. MILE N CaTrLE—Cock’s Hea, a 0 MINERAL VAPOUR: o . rlony, 6 Wien — ane f 0 120, Elecam 8 221, Scabious (lesser field), 324, Vervain pan pene 1 819. 0 Morner—Alkanet, 16, Bay-tree, Briony, 60, Butter-Bur, 69, Celan ** Hill Dill 117, Eringo e 188, Fee, 139, Juniper- tree, 204, lily white), 215, M Mediar, 231 Mugwort, 241, ul- -tree, 242, Nep, 249, Penn me ye 266, whee A (male), 268, Rue (garden), 304, Sanicle 315, Sav winter) Movurn—Alehoof, 21, . —— 64, um wet fy oo Pumlvory, 1s cyl Mul- berry- tree, 242, Pennyrvoyal, 266, MvusciEs CuT—Clown’s Wound wort, 95, Comfre: 5, 88. Natis In THE FLEsH— fe 1 NAVRILS OF CHILDREN— feurderLys, 153, Ha -weed, 178. NERVIS—Comtrey, 98, fe br 201, Volecion’ (wild), 378. NIPPLES—F leur-de-Lys, 153. NOISE e 45, Henbane, 184, Hyssop, 200, Marjoram w OBSTRUCTIONS OF THE GaLL—Celandine, 80, bongs 6 2 — 114, Dog’s Grass, 121, Fennel (sow), 1 a OBSTRUCTIONS OF THE LIVER—Ali-heal, Alehoof, 21, Alexander, 21, 40, mint, 73, Dandelion, 114, Dog’s 121, Eringo, 133, Fennel 1 136, — 8 f 2 157, ig. Hops, 1 191, Hore- Pim ‘ara, 9 * 303, Verzaln c 8 may Beets, (v Bet renee hae 14 ony, Hope, 1, Horehound, 5 a — n Me, — — 31, Mustard, ‘om Parsley, 4 . vn sy ibe ye 3 (black), 245, Rue (garden), 304, Sara- cen’s Conso Pars In THE BOWELS—Cos 1, 100, 1 206, Mouse- ear, — Rhubarb (great 16), 293, Sow- Thistle Tree, 344, Spig- Pars IN THE Deere ys a R sry ington be og 3 me ni Have Mustard pM sas Paved (wood), 47, Oowslips, 101 S IN — ’ + ’ an Dog's Grass, 121, Kennel (common), 18, Flour-de-Lye, 168, Pars jor THE Ears—Cleavers, 94, 2 wild), 226, Melilot, = Mint (garden), 234, 4, Miaseltoe, pernel — 2 Piuins, 276, Poplar (black), 2855 Ruabarb (monk’s), 293, Rue 305, Tansy (comm on), 361 Parnes Fg te C Fevertow, 140, 140, Penn: bog peggy » 274, Poppy (crowfoot), 250, Setter, Bacher — a B berries, 2 Cowslips, ger Wente 1, , Wa . 206, e 8 — PESTILENCE, or . 21, ae istort, Cuckoo Pint, 107, Fumitory, 157, Pimpernel, 272, Thistle ‘etal, B67. a oer Phe 245, Oats. ae | INDEX OF DISEASES, AND HERBS THAT CURE. 425 505 m, 62, Cabbages, 2 Costmary, 100, — 1 102, Cresses (water), 104, (dwart), im, 5 — Lys, Hawk-w 178, Helle- biack), oe rehound, 192, p (hedge), 201, Mar- Nep, 249, Nettle (common), 250, Pellitory of the tse buted t 4 - 1 311, Scabious (lesser — ail Saxitrage ( aa 323, Spignel, 346, 5128 wild), het, 1 — (common), Prizs--Bil Colts’ Foo Berrien," Colanding ita Teenie ue, 185 ldney wort, Wall, e e e (white), elli PrwPLes—Bistort, 5 8 108, Fumitory, 157, Honey- suckle, 190, garden), 306. Pix AND Ven ee bs 152. Honeysuckle, * Lily ot the Valley, 214, Tormentil, 373, Valerian n WIR BLOOD — : 37, Bisto ‘Binok b BI rt, 53, berry- Devil's Bi ue sant, Lave 5 8 Bugloss, 381. x nies been 2 Vipers Buss. Nettle (com- 250. 1 ‘66, Cucumbers, 108, Duck’s Meat, 127, Fi — 188, n bun on. Colts Kone t (oomunon), 9, Devil’s Bit, 116, Fumitory, 157, Wormseed (treacle), 393. ; Q QuapTaw AGuEs—Archangel, 30, Betony, 46, Eringo, Garlic, 160, Hell- ebvre (black), 181, Plantain (rib (rib. wort) Se Pelgpods, a, Ver- vain (common), 379 wood, 394. 379, Worm N 8 (wood), 46, Costmary, 100, Eringo, 133, Qunrsr—. — 18, 4. Black berry-bush, 55, . 5 uorice, * Lov: 9, * ae 880, Walnute, 281 gH, Op 1 5 or 0 . i ae (black), 103, Cuckoo Pin Hazel-nut, 179, Horse- tail, 194, Masterwort, 228, aceon W), 306, Rupture-wort, common), 311. Rzurs—Amaranth As erg a Ww " Sanicle, 815, Tansy (garden), 507, Sage — tocemnea) orks 830. e . Bee iis, Hops, i Liverwort, 218, com- gon); Plan — are Burrvazs— 4 Betony 47, Bishop’s Weed, nou 59, 7 uefoil, 91, eee 1 Rod (common), 168, M wort, 237, ate en Tansy (garden), Thorough Wax (whi 426 INDEX OF DISEASES, AND HERBS THAT CURR. 8 ScaBBy Heaps—Blackberry-b 55, Foxglov (white), 215, Mallows (marsh), 224, rae 249, Peters Wor — fe ScaBs—Alhoot, 21, Alder ‘blac 2k), Ash-tree, 34, 8 — , Bugle 66, Fumitory, 157, — 191, Kidney wort, 206, (wild), 226, Mustard (blac 245, Nettle (common). 25 251, Plantain, £4 4, Rocket (winter), 29 7, Rue (garden), 305, 824, Tormeutil, 373. Somat Aho 2 „20, Cabbages, 71, Calamint, 73, Ce CA— * u- 22 5 em ty 2, Oresses sciatica), 103, Daisies, 112, Hen 8 1 D Rede ineywort, 206, Monse- ear, 240, Mustard (hedge), 24% 246, Mthaburb monk’s), 294, Savory (winter), 819, _ (common), 361, Tutsan, 376. Scurvr—Briony, 60, Cresses (sc 103, Kilneywort, 208, Lavender cotton), ae — — 288, Saxitrage (great burnet), 320, ormen SEED, to increase— go, 132, Rose (hip), 300. SERPENTS, Biting of — ony, 18, Alexander, 22. SHINGLEs—Clary, 92, ouseleek, 196, Nightehade (common), 252, e e- — tony (wood). Blackberry-bush, 55, B w 47, ur- dock, 70, 6 74, Chick weed, 88, Down, 125, Fleur-de- Lys. 154, Ivy-tree, 201, Lily (white), 215, Marjoram (sweet), 227. Motherwort, 239, , Mugwort, 241, Scabious (lesser fleld), 324, Walitiowers (wild), 383. Sxr1x—Calamint, 73, Cowslips, 101, Elm-tree, 131, Endive, 132, Hemlock, 182, Lov 219, Scurvy-grass SLEEP, » top procure— Oppy rors 6 Lovage, 5 1 ai, we —Alkanet, 1 vage, ormen SMELL LOsT, helpeth—Beets, 45 e is, Archangel, 30, Bistort, — Burdock, 70, Carduus ouse-ear, 240, Nettle mon), barb: t M Sage, 311, — — a Be 20, 22, Archangel, 29 room, den 74. Ae, (back), 103, Dox’s Grass, ——— common), 135, . Germander. 163, Hawk- w 178, Hops, 191 yssop, 200, Marjoram (common wild), 226, Melilot, 232, Po Poly (mou (mountain), 276, Scabious (les- ser field), 324, Spleen- 3 , Strawberries, 356, Tamarisk - , Tormentil, 37 ony, 18, 3 61, Clary, 92, Hawthorn, 179, Mus- tard ). STrTrcHES—Ash-tree, 365, n 47, 34 60, Camomile, 74, Carrots, 78, Elecampane, 131 SromacH—Alder (black), 23, — Boron; wood), 47, Bilberries, 49, Broom, 63, Caraway, h Cuckoo Pint, 107. ecompane, 130, Gen N 5 G 173, Hawk-weed, srows—All heal A. a „„ Beans, 4 NE —. * , rig ne oy *— ¢Hloen Plantat 6 Cabbages, Die's Grade,’ brine F ati; Mallows quavehy 8 ia ig ler, 221, ows (mars 224, Medlar, 231, Moss go 188, Mache ), 288, Mouse-ear, 240, Mug- wort, 241, Rest Harrow, 291, Sowerweed Da lccpinar. ed), Srnancury——Alexander, 21, 84. 115 „34, Butcher’s Broom, 62, Filipenduls, ag Pee wa ladwin, 164 . — . orse-tail, 194, Liquorice, op 5 217, en tone U lack), 278, 2 (winter), 297 Sun-Bugrninas— ny urn Sunvarrs—Oabbayes, 71, Worm Sana {oommon 8 08. INDEX OF DISEASES, AND HERBS THAT CURE. 427 ane " Gabbuapes, A Cen 8 * 9 8 208, Madder, 221. 8 * 2 Swoowimas— vender, 210, Pennyruyal, 206. TeeTa—Ruose (hip), 299. w provoke— ( 20, hoof, u. Angelica, 2%, Balm, 37, Betony (wood), 47, Celaudine, 80, Clary, 92, Cresses (water), 104, Devil's Bit, 116 . 133, Garlic, i160, Hops, 192, lvy-tree, — ® aa = — OM, Seneay, Sey Cavan, Oe Savory —— 2 — 24, Beets, Burn — 231, Mose (grou 2 (wat i ( — ik . oss dy * Comm Graxs, 200, — Som, Waluuts, uus — as rat, Cal water), 75, Col 21, Saat, Galop (we rr TRAVAIL In W — — Sw — — Bottle, theme's Weastwete ah: Tormen- vm — n 212, Mint (garden), 234, Nettle (common), VERTIGO—. 15, 15, Bitter Sweet, 4, Briony, 60, Carduus Benedictus, 77, Cowslips, 10 Vomrrnre— Bilberries, 49, cord Buck’s-Horn Plantain, 65, Clown’ paket Rte Eider (dwar), 19, R Wort oe 208, Mint (warden Moneyw oss (ground), Oak- 5 tree, 253, Penny royal, 266, Pursiane, 285. ’ Uicers—Alkanet, 16, Adder’s Tongue, 17, Agrimony, 18, Alehoof, 21, 32, Beets, 45, Betony (wood), G. Bistort, 63, Boruge, 57 le, 67, Burnet, 68, 78, C Clown’s Moun w 95, Costunary, 101, ee oo t, 108, 112, Fleur-de-Lys, e be e e w w ane — ae Be marci gh = == (white, 2 „ 18. Buck’s-H. Plantai 9 1 (winter), — 81, chee w (earth), , Tormentil, 373. Wants Au Wens—Buckthorn, y 143, M wort, a ata sa,’ Poplar ( sk), 27 Bun Dew, WII. Cab Chickw: Fumi » 187, Beets, I. — ore Hl ar eed, 68, tory Rue 428 INDEX OF DISEASES, AND HERBS THAT CURS. WHEEZINGS—Butter Bur, 69, Colts’ Foot, 97 „ Bysso},. 199, 8 220, Nep, 249, Vervain (common), 879 WHITLOES Lime, 74, Nail ailwort, 248. babes rye 45, Burnet, 68, Comfrey, 98, Lavender, 210, Mint (gar- en Winn, Breaking—Alder sce agri 22, Angelica, nie 40, Broom, 63, Dill, 117, Hawk-weed, 17 ne, 257, ~semary Tamarisk-tree, 3 55 e me Taal ee 1 Sm „ 336, Woms—Arrach (wild wild), 28, Briony, 60, WI 239, Vervain W m 379. WormMs—All-heal, 15, Arssmart, 31 -tree, 40, Betony (wood), 47, e De 15. Gu 1 im, e ee 88 — nt ian, emp, 1 Lavender (cotton), A1. Mete e 29 0 „256, Peach-tree, 262, Tansy, ar Wain — eh tree, 131, Gol leaved), 2— Golden Rod (W 2), 168, Green (winter), 171, * Loosestrif wort, oa7, Mf cen’s 8 316, 1, 816, ee 8 Seal, 389, Tansy (common), 361, Tutsan, 373 Yarrow, 898. 8 “pine oe Fins, 108 18, Alehoof, 20, Borage, BELLOW J AUNDICE— et, 16, ey, Butcher's Broom, 62, Carduus ina se 75 N Flax-weed, 147, Fumitory, 157, Ho Horehound, 192, Liverwort (common), 3 218, omnia (hedge), 2 246, Plantain, Pdi Rhubarb (great monk’s), 294, Rose (hip , Saracen’s sound, 316, Sorrel (common), 340, Sp. — 347, —.— rries, 356, Succory (wild), 357, Tormentil, 373, Wormwood (common broad-leaved), 394. ’ IOI DIRECTIONS FOR MAKING STRUTS, Ero. SECTION I. e Or GATHERING, DRYING, AND KEEPING SIMPLES, AND THEIR JUICES eereeereene 2 93932235252525„(„ „„ „ „65 2 25259“%%. 90 „4 400 CHAPTER I. OY LEAVES OF HERBS, OR TREE. #1 CHAPTER II. N Nennen. W ee CHAPTER III. CHAPTER IV. Or ROOME soi jibes bende 5 „%% „% „% „% % „% „%% „%% „% %%% „% %%% %% „%„„„„„„„ „ „„ EHEEH EEE 4038 CHAPTER V. Or PAAR 0c dh tind tek ceicis bm Chic neeb ee eereese CREPE „% %%% %% „ „„ ES OS „„ OOS 4 ee ss en {INDEX TO THE ART OF MAKING HERBAI. MEDICINE. 429 SECTION II. i Tas Way or Mme m KEEPING ALL NECESSARY COMPOUNDS 405 CHAPTER I. Ov Derr Warn... — —ͤð „ 5q . . CHAPTER H. Or SYBUPS soo ae Wee e eee eee . 400 Or JULEPs e „„ neee 407 OF DBOOCTIONS .. 2. .-0seecececcccees Ae PTA hr ee Fee adhe bong Gee Or SMCS ib bbb dc 00 bb 0b ddd vc odes be eee e ee „ „„ „„ 408 eee eee dees ese ede eee 410 CHAPTER VIII. Or PRESERVES .......... an e eee sees l CHAPTER IX. eee v0cc tocccuscdecevers A.. nee Seel ee Gi CHAPTER X. OF OFNTMENTS 2....2000cccccceceees dees sets — G18 CHAPTER XI. eee ee eee eee eee eee eee O18 re e eee eee eee eee 9259252 — . Old CHAPTER XV. Or Pris 27 . . . . .. —— E ( 2. Qld CHAPTER XV. Tux War or Mme MeEpicores AccornpING ro THE OA OF Tum Dum, AND Fr OF THE BODY AFFLIOTED........ 415 i 430 INDEX TO COLOURED ILLUSTRATIONS OF HERBS. Cup Moss, W. Saxifrage, Yellow Loosestrife, St. John’s Wort, Pimpernel, Vervain Mallow, Rest Arro0o0o 0 cc ccc cece a cwcuces Frontis. FACING PAGE Adder’s Tongue, Agrimony, Agrimony Hemp, All-heal, Amonum, Avens, Black Alder, Behan (white), Bedstraw, Bugler ............ 48 Baxen Wort, Butcher’s Broom, Calamint, Camomile, Comfrey, Crofs Wort, Cudweed, Great Celandine, Little Celandine, Wild Carrots.. 49 Betony, Bistort, Bitter-sweet, Buckbean, Briony, Brook-lime, Burnet, Burnet Saxifeage, Bur ll... theamenen 80 Cat Mint, Centaury, Coltsfoot, Corn Marygold, Cow Wheat, Cranesbill, Crowfoot, Cuckoo Flower, Long Cyperus, Wart Cres. 81 Chickweed, Devil’s Bit, Dodder, Dropwort, Dyers’ Weed, Earth Nut, Eye Bright, Pointed Dock, Red Darnel. Sciatica Cress ............ 144 Eringo, Fever Few, Figwort, Fleuellin, Flux Weed, Foolston, Fox Glove, Frogbit, Purging Flax, Yellow Flaee gg 145 Flea Bane, Fumitory, Gladwin, Glasswort, Goutwort, Groundpine, Hogs’ Fennel, Male Fern, Sweet Flag .............50csceeeeeeees 176 Black Horehound, Goatsbeard, Gold of Pleasure, Golden Rod, Grom- well, Harts’ Tongue, Hemlock, Henbane, Hounds’.Tongue, White Horehound e, ae de OD ae Cains Walvis eH me 177 Good King Henry, Haresfoot, Honeywort, Jack by the Hedge, Jacinth, Juniper, Knapweed, Least Houseleek, Liver Wort, Milk Wort, Want ee CREME UES e 4 diwee ba as 240 Marsh Mallow, Meadow Sweet, Mother of Thyme, Mother Wort, Mug Wort, Ox Eye, Persicaria, T. Mustard, Water Lily, ..... BA ͤ 1 241 Mouse Ear, Pellitory of the Wall, eee eee Scurvy Grass, Sneeze Wort; Wild Parsnip, Wood Sage.......... PR sepa = Re tea Pe 272 Soap Wort, Spikenard, Tansy, Violet; Wood Sorrel.................. 273 THE END wis AMI ah * . 8 fs Or PHARMACY : N 3 ’ wy ; oe a 5 an ES 3 — a 2 eee n, if ed hee & 75 ned ee , „ "yeas it 157 late 1 n NA Sot se 1 URGE I 8 Nb eh er ay dan if Sad 5 ore < oe an ue Gee N 3 25 eae 1 ee disse 5 abot 7540. ee, . 4 1% 7 1 * Se 155 sree habeus 5 78 10 09 190 Yak, ie 285 & Hoste t tes 4 4 20 70. et „ MRE 1 7 eat OT Pa ete 75 — nee Sih ah 4 wey * Wege Pare res Vg Te e 5 At 80 wee 15 4 77 OEE 7215 1 75 é ab: 1 . 8 bees Piney 4 44 26 . ai 17 N rhe 995 he vibe 7 1 17 r 49 Bat a 7746 Ae ia 277667 0 e ashi ibe Etat 27 your bet 562 15 yates vr Orme eek 1 Koes va et r UPR AC! % * 7 *