ico "CO ^^m | ^= 'O 1 m_ __j^; w^^==-* — 1 1- 'CD 1 -* • c — 1 ^^E^S ^_^.^» — CO 1 Das ^r^ Pflanzenreich Regni vegetabilis conspectus Im Auftrage der Königl. preuss. Akademie der Wissenschaften herausgegeben von A. Engler Reihe Sarraceniales (Engler, Syllabus [1892] 114) Fam. ho. Sarraceniaceae von J. M. Macfarlane (Heft 34; ausgegeben am 8. Mai igo8) Fam. in. Nepenthaceae von J. M. Macfarlane (Heft 36; ausgegeben am 20. Okt. 1908) Fam. 112. Droseraceae von L. Diels (Heft 26; ausgegeben am 31. Juli 1906) Leipzig Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann 1908 •fr QK Pq-G ... 1-kFf- 3G» Das Pflanzenreich Regni vegetabilis conspectus Im Auftrage der Königin preuss. Akademie der Wissenschaften herausgegeben von A. Engler IV. in Nepenthaceae mit 95 Einzelbildern in 19 Figuren von J. M. Macfarlane Ausgegeben am 20. Oktober 1908 Leipzig Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann 1908 s Nepenthaceae von J. M. Macfarlane. (Gedruckt im März bis Juli 1908.) (Cytinearam pars Brongn. in Ann. sc. nat. I. (4 82 4) 42. — Nepentheae Blume, Enum. pl. Javae I. (1827) 84. — Aristolochiacearum pars R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. (1822) 219. — Aristolochiarum sect. Nepenthinae Link, Handb. I. (1829) 369. — Nepentheae Lindl. Nat. Syst. (1830) 154. — Nepenthaceae Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2. (1836) 204. — Scrpentariae sect. Endl. Gen. (1836 — 40) 345. — Nepenthaceae Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. III. (4880) 115.) Wichtigste Litteratur. Systematik: Linnaeus, Spec. pl. (1753) 955. — Jussieu, Gen. ( 1 78 9) 444. — Loureiro, Fl. cochinch. (sub nom. Phyllamphora) II. (1790) 606. — Poiret in Lam. Encycl. IV. (1797) 459. — Willdenow, Spec. pl. IV. (1805) 874. — Aiton, Hort. Kew. ed. 2. V. (1813) 420. — Brongniart in Ann. sc. nat. I. (1824) 29. — Nees von Esenbeck in Ann. sc. nat. III. (1824) 365. — Loddiges, Bot. Cab. XI. (1825) t. 1017. — Sims, Graham, Hooker f. in Bot. Magaz. LIII. (1826) t. 2629, LV. (1828) t. 2798, LXXIII. (1847) t. 4285, LXXXIV. (1858) t. 5080, LXXXV. (1859) t. 5109, CXVI. (1890) t. 7138. — Blume, Enum. pl. Javae I. (1827) 84. — Jack in Comp. Bot. Magaz. I. (1835) 269. — Blanco, Fl. Filipp. ed. 1. (1837) 805, ed. 2. (1845) 555, ed. 3. III. (1879) 214. — Korthals, Verhand. Bot. (1839) 1. — Griffith, Itin. II. (1848) 76, Notulae IV. (1854) 348. — Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. II. (1852) 1. — Miquel, PI. Jungh. I. (1851) 168, Fl. Ind. bat. I. (1855) 1069, in Journ. Bot. Neerl. I. (1861) 272, 111. Fl. Arch. Ind. (1871) 1. — Hooker f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XXII. (1859) 415. — Oudemans, De Bekerplanten (1863) 1. — Wunschmann, Gattung Nep. (lnaug.- Diss. 1872) 1; in Engler-Prantl, Pflzfam. III. 2. (1891) 253. — Hooker f. in DC. Prodr. XVII. (1873) 90. — Masters in Gard. Chron. (1881) II. 524, (1884) I. 576, (1887) II. 681, (1889) II. 492, (1890) IL 48, 240, 501. — Beccari, Malesia III. (1886) 1. — Hooker f. FI. Brit. Ind. V. (1890) 6J3. — Warburg in Engler's Bot. Jahrb. XIII. (1891) 318. — Macfarlane in Ann. of Bot. VII. (1893) 440. — G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gart. Zeitg. XX. (1895) 96. — Hemsley in Kew Bull. (1895) 116; in Gard. Chron. I. (1905) 241, 2 60; in Garden LXVII. (1905) 250; in Hook. Ic. pl. XXIX. (1906) t. 2814. — Bailey in Queensl. Agric. Journ. I. (1897) 369, III. (1898) 354, VII. (1900) 441. — Rudolph in Journ. Soc. Nat. d'Hort. Fr. (1896). — Dubard in Bull. Mus. d'Hist. Nat. XII. (1906) 62. Morphologie, Physiologie und Entwicklungsgeschichte. Gaertner, De Fruct. II. (1791) 18. — De Candolle, Organ. Veg. I. (1827) 279, 320. — R. Brown in Lond. Eclinb. Phil. Mag. I. (1832) 3 16 et in Mise. Works II. (1867) 358. — Korthals, vide supra. — Griffith, Notulae I. (1847) 232. — Don in Proc. Linn. Soc. I. (1849) 91. — Voelcker in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. IV. (1849) 128. — Hooker f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XXII. (1859) 137; in Report. Brit. Assoc. (1874) III. — Oudemans, De Bekerpl. (1863) 1. — Morren in Bull. Acad. Brux. V. A. Engler, Das Pflanzenreich. IV. (Embryopuyta siphonogama) 111. \ 2 J. M. Macfarlane. — Nepenthaceae. (1838) 430, 582. — C. Morren in Belg. Hort. IL (1852) 227. — Hildebrand in Bot. Zeitg. XXVIII. (18~0) 593. — Wunschmann' vide supra. — Gorup-Besanez et Will in Phys. med. Soc. Erlangen VIII. (1876) 152. — Vines in Journ. Linn. Soc. XV. (1877) 427. — Zacharias, Anat. Stam. Nep. (Inaug.-Diss. 1877) 4. — Burbidge^ Gard. of Sun (1880) 40 — 344; in Gard. Chron. ser. 2. X. (1880) 201, XVII. (1882) 56. — Dickson in Journ. of Bot. XIX. (1884) 133; in Gard. Chron. XX. (1883) 812. — Bower in Ann. of Bot. III. (1889) 239, IV. (1890) 165. — Macfarlane in Ann. of Bot. III. (1889) 254, VII. (1893) 420. — Goebel, Pfl. Schild. II. Lief. 1.(1891) 93, Lief. 2. (4893) 186. — Bokorny in Pringsh. Jahrb. XX. (1889) 445. — Dubois in Compt. Rend. CXI. (1890) 315. — Tischutkin in Bot. Centralbl. L. (1892) 304. — Massart in Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belg. XXXIV. (1895) 253. — Veitch et Burbidge in Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. XXI. (1897) 2 26, 262. — Vines in Ann. of Bot. XL (1897) 563, XII. (1898) 545, XV. (1901) 563. — Buscalioni et Fermi in Ann. R. Ist. Roma VII. (1898) 99. — Clautriau in Mem. Acad. Roy. Belg. LIX. (1900) 1. — Fenner in Flora XCIIL (1904) 358. — Heinricher in Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg ser. 2. V. (1906) 277. Character. Flor es dioeci, apetali, inconspicui, virides aut purpurei, entomophili, saepe odore foetido. Sepala 4, rarius 3, distincta v. rarissime basi connata, hypogyna, imbricala, sed in paria duo aequalia v. rarissime inaequalia disposita, extus ± pubescentia, intus glandulosa et nectarifera. Stamina 24 — 4, filamenta in columnam connata, antherae in capitulum congestae, uniseriatae v. subbiseriatae v. biseriatae, parallelae v. tz: convolutae, biloculares, extrorsae, longitudinaliter dehiscentes; pollen trilobatum. Carpella 4, rarissime 3, sepalis opposita; ovarium sessile v. breviter stipitatum, ova- tum v. oblongum, cylindricum v. tetragonum, dz pilosum, intus 4 — 3-loculare; Stylus 0 v. rarius brevis, crassus, stigma discoideum planum v. medio depressum, 4- rarissime 3-lobatum, lobis solidis v. ± lobatis; ovula oo anatropa, angusta et elongata, multi- seriata, ascendentia, placentis centralibus affixa. Fructus capsularis, sessilis v. bre- viter stipitatus, fusiformis usque ovatus, coriaceus, 4- rarius 3-gonus, fusco-nitidus, loculicide dehiscens; valvae lanceolatae v. ovatae medio septiferae, apice lobis stigma- ticis planis v. depressis, simplicibus v. bilobatis coronatae. Semina oo imbricata ascendentia filiformia, funiculo tenui placentis affixa; testa membranacea bicaudata breviter v. longe elongata, circum embryonem ± relaxata et sinuosa, raphe filiformi ascendentia; albumen carnosum, embryo cyündraceus rectus in axi albuminis; cotyle- dones lineares in germinatione demum virides et epigaeae, radicula brevis infera. Suffrutjices fruticesve, prostrati erecti v. scandentes, ad 0,5 — 15 m alti. Caulis cylindricus usque trigonus, nudus vel prolongationibus ab basibus foliorum de- currentibus alatus, glaber v. ± hirsutus. simplex v. ramosus. Folia alternantia, raris- sime ad V2 plerumque ad 2/s spiraliter disposita, integra, exstipulata, sessilia v. peliolata, membranacea, herbacea v. saepe coriacea; folia adulta in petiolum, laminam, cirrhum, ascidium et operculum divisa; petiolus ubi formatus dz elongatus alatus, basi saepe amplexicaulis; lamina alabastro involuta pubescens rarius glabra, demum lanceolata ovalis v. obovata, nervis longitudinalibus 2 — 15 parallelis, e costa v. e basi folii egre- dientibus, nervis transversis parallelis v. irregulariter areolatis, versus costam transversis v. oblique ascendentibus; cirrhus ab costa valida laminae prolongatus, tenax, saepissime convolutus et scandens, apice in basim ascidii ampliatus; ascidia monomorphia dimorphia v. trimorphia, inferiora saepe ampullacea usque ventricosa alis ventralibus dz expansis et ciliatis, ascidia superiora vel solum evoluta cylindracea alis reductis, summa infun- dibuliformia alis saepe ad nervös prominentes reductis, os transversum v. obliquum, saepe in collum postice productum, margine dz transverse expansa, coriacea, nitida striata et in peristomium formata, ascidium inlus per totum nitidum glandulosum et »detinens« (p. 20) v. parte superiore eglandulosum glaucum opacum et »deducens« (p. 20); operculum ovatum ellipticum v. orbiculare, primum os claudons demum ex- pansum et inclinatum erectum v. reflexum, postice versus os ascidii articulatum, intus J. M. Macfarlane. — .Xepcnthaceae. 3 sparse v. copiose glandulosum et nectariferum ; costa folii parte posteriore oris ascidii et insertione operculi in calcar simplex, v. rarius 3 — 5-fidum, producta. Inflorescentia terminalis et folio opposita, cymosa, paniculata, cymis densis composita vel ad racemum simplicem reducta, pedicelli tenues, bracteolati vel ebracteolati. Vegetative Organs (Vegetationsorgane). Germination of the seeds of Nepenthes takes place readily and abundantly within 5 to 6 weeks after they are ripe, if kept in moist surroundings such as the surface of Sphagnum or amid loose humus. They also require a temperature of 25° to 30° C. The seed-coat ruptures along one side from elongation of radicle and hypocotyl, and from curvature of the latter and of the cotyledons into a saddle that gradually straightens tili the linear green cotyledons are set free from the seed cavity. The radicle of the seedling steadily lengthens during the first year tili it may be iO — 15 cm long. Lateral rootlets are formed acropetally on it, and in considerable number. These incline to grow obliquely downward or even horizontally , since thorough aeration is essential to their welfare. The entire root system of the plant is therefore formed near the surface of the soil, and is most per- fectly developed when amid loose decomposing vegetable humus, decaying fibrous roots of other plants or open gravelly soil that is permeated by decaying vegetable material, as indicated by Korthals, Burbidge and Scott-Elliot, and as praetised in successful greenhouse cultivation. The annual growths of fine fibrous roots, in about i 5 species studied, are greenish- yellow round the growing apex, but soon they assume a black-brown color. They are closely beset with brown absorptive root hairs, all of which remain functional throughout the season. Subsequent annual development results in the production of a copiously branched root system. Some authors have stated that average root-develop- ment in Nepenthes is comparatively poor and feeble. In healthy well grown plants this is not so. The active absorptive root-hair system is also exceptionally rieh and abundant. By subsequent formation of a root cambium and associated tissue, the brown epidermal layer and subjacent cortex become split and ultimately shed in older roots. These then assume a yellow or flesh color that may be retained for years, but finally they become yellow-brown. The young stem is at first closely beset by leaves placed in rosette fashion (Fig. \ C), since its internodes are almost suppressed. With increasing age the internodes gradually lengthen in most species. But in N. ventricosa, N Northiana and others the internodes remain short, and so the adult leaves are inserted in close proximity to each other. If N. Smilesii and N Älicae are mature species — and all present evidence is in favor of this — their stem attains a length only o£ 20 — 30 cm and is upright. In N Veitchii, from the seedling stage onward, the stem as originally des- cribed by Burbidge is prostrate, and creeps epiphytically along the branches of trees. It then forms its leaves in close succession and in two-ranked order, but it seldom attains a greater length than 1 — 1,5 m in the living part, while the posterior portion tends to die away. This habit is perfectly retained under cultivation, and when plants are grown in a soil of fibre and sphagnum roots may grow down from the crowded nodes. In N. ampullaria, N melamphora etc.. the main stem may elongate, and by aid of the leaf-tendrils may climb to a height of 2 — 6 m. But in these and other species if the main stem or lateral branches fail to reach a support, they may lie along the ground, root abundantly at the nodes, and there produce on short lateral branches dense Clusters of leaves with reduced lamina but large and often richly colored pitchers (Fig. 13 p. 32). The largest and heaviest stems of the group are those of X. Raffks-iana, N Burbidgei, N. Boschiana and N bicalearata which attain a height of 6 — 2 0 m, while the last may be 3 cm across. In color the stem and branches are green during the first few months of growth as a rule. In such species as N. albo-marginata and N anamensis they may vary from green to dark claret. With age all become brown and somewhat brittle in consistence. They are usually 4 J. M. Macfarlane. — Nepenthaceae. cylindrical, but may be sharply Irigonous as in N. tentaculata and N. Bongso, or 3 — 4- gonous as in N. gracilis, where the wings from one leaf above may be prolonged downward along the angles of the axis for 5 — 8 cm to meet the next leaf below. The young stem and branches are often clothed with a dense pubescence of a ferru- ginous or more rarely of a pale hue. This usually is shed within a few weeks, though it may persist for a much longer period as in N. hirsuta. Many of the species develop alluring honey glands (p. \ 4) on the young annual shoots. These glands appear as small papillae in the centre of a circular or elliptic area, and may be of a crimson hue. They are never abundant, are usually scattered, but may be prominent in N bicalcarata etc. As in the Sarraceniaceae , so in the Nepenthaceae, the cotyledo- nary leaves are green, and are re- tained within the albumen of the seed tili this is absorbed. The coty- ledons in both families closely re- semble each other, but those of the Nepenthaceae are typically elliptic (Fig. \A). As in the Sarraceniaceae they are succeeded by pitchered seedling leaves, of which 8 — 10 that resemble each other may be formed as a little rosette on the ground. Each becomes increasingly longer than its predecessor (Fig. \ J9, C) and, as emphasized by Hooker andDickson, they suggest decided affinity with leaves of Sarracenia. They are still more nearly related to those of Heliamphora. Each of the 6 to 8 leaves first produced consists of a sheathing petiolar rib that is gradually prolonged upward into a broad laminar midrib whose upper extremity is hollowed out from above downward. The petiolar rib bears lateral wings that broaden out and are continued upward as lami- nar expansions of the midrib. The front or ventral part of the laminar midrib is somewhat flat and bears the laminar expansions on either side, so that the pitcher appears as a hollow appendage to the under sur- face (Fig. { C, D). As development proves, the pitcher is an inpouching from the upper surface of the leaf near its apex. But by transverse growth in front of and below the pitcher oriflce the laminar expansions may form a peltate union, as described by Hooker and by Dickson, and as observed by the writer in three sets of hybrids. Goebel however failed to notice such a peltation in specimens studied by him. Fig. \. Seedlings of Nepenthes. A Cotyledonary stage. B Seedling with first piteher-leaves. C Later stage. D Early seedling leaf. JE Tenth leaf from cotyledons. F Transition leaf between early seedling and adult leaf; a petiole, b lamina, c pitcher with wings. d lid or operculum. (Icon. orig.) J. M. Macfarlane. — Nepenthaceae. 5 The mouth of the seedling pitcher is bounded by a narrow corrugated rim, that is foraied by outward and inward growth and reflection of the margin. The cellular and specially the vascular tissue of the pitcher is prolonged round and behind the mouth to end in a pointed process or spur on the dorsal side. This is the organic apex of the leaf. Between the apex and the orifice the lid grows out to overhang the latter. The margins of this lid like the margins of the lamina, are often glandular-ciliate. In the 8th to 1 0lh seedling leaf the pitcher is hollowed out of the midrib of the distal laminar half only, and is being gradually constricted off round its base from the inferior or proximal laminar half (Fig. \ E — F), which remains continuous with the winged petiole. The laminar wings of the distal pitchered portion thus become the ventral wings of the pitcher. These become wide and highly conspicuous objects in JV. ampullaria (Fig. 1 3, p. 32), JV. Rafflesiana (basal pitchers), JV. bicalcarata and others. They are often richly provided with alluring glands. In succeeding leaves the distal or pitchered part becomes completely separated from the proximal part, that has usually been called the lamina or blade, through increasing elongation of the midrib between the two (Fig. \ E) and conversion of it into a functional tendril. It will thus be seen that the funda- mental morphological similarity of the Nepenthes and Heliamphora (q. v.) leaves is perfect, and that the rather puzzling adult leaf of Nepenthes is readily interpreted when its morphological evolution from the earliest seedling stage is traced. The adult leaf in petiolate species like JV. phyllamphora, JV. Rafflesiana etc. consists of [a] a petiole that is usually winged. The wings may be horizontal, or directed obliquely or vertically upwards as in JV. rajah and JV. maxima. Frequently the expanded base of the petiole and of its wings enlarge into an amplexicaul attach- ment to the stem, while in such species as N. gracüis (Fig. 2) and JV. Burbidgei the wings may be prolonged down the stem almost to the insertion of the next lower leaf. That portion which we will subsequently speak of as (b) the lamina or blade is clearly proved, by the above history of seedling leaves, as well as by leaf-embryo- logy, to be but the basal part of the entire lamina. In view however of its relatively extensive green surface, we will for convenience speak of it as the lamina. The pro- longed petiolar midrib that is continued upward as the laminar midrib may be strongly concave on its upper and still more strongly convex on its under surface. The lamina varies from semimembranous to succulent-leathery or leathery in consistence, from linear-lanceolate to oval or elliptic in outline, and from bright green to dark green or reddish green in color. Rarely as in JV. madagascariensis the lower surface may be greenish-crimson to crimson. In most species the laminar halves end abruptly or by tapered extremities in the prolonged midrib or tendril. But in such as JV. rajah, JV. Northiana and at times JV. maxima the halves of the lamina become peltately fused above the excurrent tendril. The margin of the lamina is usually entire, but in the group of related species that includes JV. phyllamphora and JV. Bernaysii the margin is ciliate-toothed. Valuable characters for distinguishing the species are furnished by the venation. In all of the species two or more veins run parallel to and on either side of the midrib, but at varying distances from it and from each other. These usually start from the midrib, near its junction with the petiole, but sometimes they pass directly from the base of the petiole upward along its wings, and then spread into the lamina. In a few species such as JV. alata, JV. madagascariensis and JV. Reinwardtiana each leaf has sevcral pairs of veins, but the innermost two to four pairs spring at d afferent levels from the rib, the innermost pair starting at or above the middle of the leaf, while those further out start from the midrib at varying levels below. In striking contrast to the foliage leaves are the bracts, which are typically sessile, and whose venation nearly always differs fundamentally from that of the foliage leaves, even on the same plant (Fig. \ 5). In these the longitudinal veins are undeveloped or appear only as one or two faint marginal lines, while the substance of the bract is traversed by an abundant reticulation of oblique or nearly transverse veins. The greatest {} J. M. Macfarlane. — Nepenthaceae. development of longitudinal veins occurs in N. bicalcarata, where 12 to 15 may run on either side of the midrib. The parallel veins are united by numerous transverse ones, that may radiate out at right angles to the rib, or may run more or less obliquely upwards. All of these may be of equal strength and continuity, but more frequently each alternate vein is finer and shorter than that above or below. The branching and reunion of the veins are copious and intimate, so that the leaves are extremely resistant to strains. The vernation of the leaves is involute. The next leaf portion, the (c) tendril or cirrhus is, as already described entirely absent froni the earliest or seedling leaves, and only begins to form as the pitchered part of the lamina grows asunder from the basal part. In adult leaves it is nearly Fig. 2. Nepenthes gracilis Korth. J. M. Macfarlane. — Nepenthaceae. 7 always well developed and of great tensile strength. Thus the tendril of N. Raffle- siana may be loaded with a weight of six kilos without rupture. Like other tendrils they are sensitive to contact Stimulus when young, and may then coil round supports by two or three spirals, after which it is difficult to displace them. Only in short upright or in creeping species such as N. rajah and N. Veitchii do the tendrils remain straight and uncoiled. They are rarely uniform in thickness, usually they enlarge suddenly or gradually as they near the pitcher base. An interesting biological condi- tion of the tendril is seen in N. bicalcarata, the structural relation of which was first explained by Beccari and Burbidge. Like the tendrils of most Nepenthes this has alluring honey glands, but here they are exceptionally large and numerous, appearing as evident papillae over the surface. Opposite the middle or lower half of the pitcher, where these glands are most numerous, a swelling that is about twice the thickness of the tendril above or below, is seen in wild specimens, and a similar though more reduced swelling is seen in cultivated specimens (Fig. i 4). The swollen area is hollow- ed out and occupied as a formicary by ants. About the middle of the area is a circular hole, the entrance of the formicary (Fig. 1 4). The hole seems, at least in some cases, to have been the duct of a honey gland that the ants have gnawed into and enlarged while sipping its nectar. The liquid contents of the pitcher cavity, filtering upward through the cells of the tendril, can be sipped by the insects in safety. This constant liquid supply has caused enlargment and watery hypertrophy of the area. Its central cells break down or are destroyed by the ants, and the cavity thus formed becomes a formicary. As Beccari has shown it may vary in size from 2 — 6 cm X I cm. From the standpoint of plant heredity it is significant to note that the swelling always persists in cultivated plants, though these are not frequented by, nor perforated by, appropriate ants. The next area of leaf specialization is [d) the pitcher or ascidium. The con- stituent parts of this have been very variously interpreted by different botanists. Their views are in part set forth by Bower and the writer [Ann. of Bot. III. (1839) 239, 254; IV. (1890) 165; VII. (189 3) 450]. The adult pitchers in some species are all uniform or monomorphic, in other species dimorphic types of pitcher are produced, while several are trimorphic in that three distinct forms of pitcher develop at different heights on the plant. Alike from evolutionary, embryological and morphological evi- dence, the primitive type seems to be the tubulär pitcher, that approximates in shape to pitchers of some species of Sarraceniaceae. This shape is retained in most of the monomorphic species such as N. gracilis (Fig. 2), N. khasiana, and N. phyllamphora. But possibly through weight of the liquid contents of the lower or terrestrial pitchers while these rested on the ground, some species bear ampulliform or goblet-shaped pitchers below, while the upper suspended or cauline ones are tubulär or tubulär ventricose (Fig. 1 5). N. alata, N. ampullaria, N. anamensis, N. melamphora and others show such dimorphic conditions. But in N. Boschiana, N. maxima, N. Vieil- lardii and less strikingly in a few other species, the lowest pitchers are ampulli- form, those above are tubulär, while toward the upper part infundibuliform or cornu- copioid pitchers are alone produced. Gradation types between all of these are usually noted. As study of the seedling pitcher in relation to the adult pitcher shows (Fig. 3A — Z)j, the often wide and almost flat area that intervenes between the wings of the pitcher on the ventral surface, ' is the expanded upper or ventral side of the midrib. The remainder of the pitcher wall is the inflated lower or dorsal side of the midrib. As is proved by successive stages in the evolution of seedling leaves, the pitcher wings represent the upper lobes of the originally continuous lamina, that become completely separated from the inferior or basal halves, by intercalary growth of the midrib region that becomes the tendril. These wings are usually well developed as lateral often ciliated expansions that traverse the length of the pitcher in the terrestrial type of the dimorphic species cited above. Their often richly ciliated margins are in striking contrast s J. M. Macfarlane. — Nepenthaceae. to the straight margins of the narrow or ridge-like wings seen usually in the tubulär or funnel-shaped upper pitchers. The color of the pitcher surface, including the wings, varies greatly in different species, and may even vary much in different pitchers of the same individual, according to age, exposure lo light, and soil conditions. In N. ampullaria, N. Veitchii, N. distillatoria the pitcher is often uniformly green ; in N. gracilis, N. khasiana and N. hirsuta it is green and finely spotted or even suffused with red or crimson; in N. maxima, N. Northiana and N. Rafflesiana it is light green with sharply defined and often extensive spots or blotches of a deep crimson hue; while in N. sanguinea, N. Edwardsiana and N. villosa it is largely or wholly of a rieh scarlet or crimson color. N. Rafflesiana var. nivea and N. Burbidgei bear pitchers that are typically of a porcellanous white color with deep crimson blotches. Some species may be dimorphic in color as well as shape. Thus the relatively large lower or soil pitchers of N. ampullaria are often in the wild state richly blotched with crim- son, while the aerial and smaller pit- chers may be almost or wholly green. Similar Variation is seen in N. alata, N. Macfarlanei, N. rajah. Green and red varieties of the same species are not unfrequent, as in N. bicalcarata, N. distillatoria, and to a certain degree N. Rafflesiana. Several tra- vellers have commented on the fact that the basal, more shaded and even moss-covered pitchers of such species as N. rajah and N. Edwardsiana are much more highly colored than are the sun-exposed cauline pitchers, though the exaet explanation of this does not yet seem to have been given. The fundamental color of the pitcher may be somewhat modified in appearance by local or general hair coverings. Thus the green pitchers of N. anipullaria and N. hirsuta, also the crimson-green pitchers of N. villosa may be brownish-green or brownish-crimson in the young state, owing to the abundance of long ferru- ginous hairs. In N. albo-marginata and to a less degree in its probable hybrid N. cirieta, a white belt of long stellate hairs in the former, and of brownish- white hairs in the latter, Surround the pitcher margin beneath the peristome. The distribution of veins throughout the pitcher wall is in all cases copious. The circle of vascular bundles that enters the base of the pitcher from the tendril, spreads out into two Systems. One of these, pursuing a ventral or upper course, consists of two main lateral veins that run upward along the edges of the widened-out ventral part of the pitcher. From these veins pass outward into the ventral laminar lobes or wings when such are well developed, and inward across the ventral area between the wings to unite with one or more median veins that run up the front of the pitcher. The second and more abundant system is composed of numerous veins that curve Fig. $, Development of Nepenthes leaf. A Foliar rudiment showing commencing depression for pitcher cavity. B More advanced stage. G Terminal part of leaf. D Leaf cut above petiole; a petiolar base, be laminar rudiment continuous with pitcher wings, d pitcher depression and lid, e leaf apex, with lateral lobes in 4. (After Hookcrf.) J. M. Macfarlane. — Nepenthaceae. outward and run upward along the lateral and dorsal sides of the pitcher, tili they approach the pitcher oriflce. The lateral veins, as well as the upper ends of the ventral ones then curve gracefully round toward the dorsal region, and in their course give off minor bundles that run up into the substance of the thick corrugated peristome. Here each bündle divides along the inner margin into still smaller bundles that Sur- round the marginal glands of the rim. The recurved lateral and the dorsal veins converge and thin out toward the point of insertion of the lid, into which they give off two main veins. Their now attenuated extremities end in the dorsal spur, situated behind and near the point of insertion of the lid. This spur has therefore generally and rightly been regarded as the organic apex of the entire leaf System. A noteworthy relation of the veins of the pitcher is that every gland, whether external or internal in Posi- tion, has a bündle termination endin g in or around it. This can be beautifully demonstrated to the naked eye, by macerating a pitcher in hot potash Solution for 20 — 30 minutes, and then removing the outer and inner epi- dermis in water. The looser mesophyll tissue readily washes away, and the bündle twigs that supplied the glands appear as fine branch terminations of the vas- cular network of the pitcher. The alluring glands of the leaf are readily visible to the naked eye, and are more or less developed from the base of the petiole to the peristome and the outer lid surface. Their microscopic structure is described later (p. \ 7). In such species as N. ampullaria and N. Ttaf- flesiana they are scarce over the petiole and lamina, but a few may be observed along the sides of the lower midrib surface, as minute papillär swellings that exude a sweet juice in fresh leaves. They are somewhat more abundant over the pitcher wings, less so over the dorsal part of the pitcher. In N. Veitchii, N. khasiana, and N. maxima they are frequent over the petiole and lower laminar surface. In N. Northiana and N. sanguinea they are also found on the upper laminar surface, the tendril and the pitcher. But in N. bicalearata they attain largest size and are quite abundant. Here they offen form con- spicuous warts along the sides of the petiole, the midrib Fig. 4. Nepenthes gracitis Kovlh. and the tendril. These glands , in conjunction with the Extremity of lamina with midrib alluring glands of the stem, tempt insects upward by prolonged into a tendril or cir- their secretion, to the pitcher mouth or to the lid. In rhus M? that exPands into a hot dry weather the sweet secretion may even dry, so pitcher shown in section; e oper- , culum in section, d corrugated as to appear as a fine white vermiform thread attached peristome) c deep conducting to the oriflce of the gland. surface; b detentive and digesUve The peristome or corrugated rim of the pitcher surface with digestive glands. (Fig. bd) is a conspicuous feature in nearly all species of (After Sachs.) the genus. N. Lowii (Fig. \ 9) is the only species in which it is undeveloped, the pitcher margin being straight and somewhat reflexed. Along its inner margin are fine parallel longitudinal ridges, that indicate vascular bundles tra- versing the internal tissue. Each ends below the edge in a deeply sunk marginal gland that opens by a small papillär pore. The pores collectively form a dotted line about 4 — 6 mm beneath the edge of the pitcher. The typical peristome is formed in part from incurving of the margin, which up to the period of opening of the young pitcher is a uniform rim that projects upward under the closely fitting lid. In part 10 J. M. Macfarlane. — Nepenthaceae. also it results from growth and recurving of a circular area below the rim, that ap- pears as a circular swelling below and outside of the lid in the young pitcher. The zone of tissue just beneath the recurved portion often develops a copious feit of hairs that attain their maximum in N. albo-marginata, the rim of which is subtended by a white tomentose band. The convex surface of the mature rim is firm and shining, owing to heavy cutieularization of its epidermal cells. It is traversed by fine or pro- minent parallel ridges that are above and in line with vascular bundles. Its surface affords a very insecure foot-hold for insects. The ridges are usually prolonged beyond the infolded margin as teeth of varying length. While the ridges and teeth are very feebly developed in N. Reinivardtiana, they become long evident processes in N. mel- ampliora, N. villosa and N: Edwardsiana. But their most striking development is reached in N. eehinostoma, where the entire rim has become split up into a double row of incurved teeth that project toward the pitcher mouth. Round the infolded margin of the peristome, or toward the tips of the teeth are pores that correspond to those already mentioned in N. Loivii. These open into longer or shorter canals, that are in line with, and act as ducts for, the deeply embedded marginal glands. From these glands a sweet juice is discharged that is greatly relished by insects. In relation to the size of the pitcher, the widest and most perfectly inclined peristome is that of N. ampullaria (Fig. \ 3). Those of JV. Northiana, N. rajah, N. sanguinea and N. Veitchii form a wide conspicuous often richly colored "frill" round the mouth. But more commonly the peristome is a nearly uniform circular collar, as in N. gracilis, N. khasiana and N. phyllamphora. It attains huge proportions in N. villosa (Fig. 9) and JV. Edwardsiana (Fig. 16, p. 53) where it is a broad cylinder elevated at rather distant intervals into plate-like ridges that are continuous with the long marginal teeth. In several species, notably N. Hemsleyana and N. Rafflesiana the peristome and pitcher wall are greatly elevated posteriorly into a high neck that bears the lid. The upper halves of the peristome, in the latter species, are widened out, while the ridges and teeth are decurved toward the pitcher orifice. This becomes more pro- nounced in N. bicalcarata, where the uppermost parts of the peristome are lengthened out, decurved, and tapered into two hard sharp pointed spurs or spines that overhang the pitcher orifice (Fig. \ i). Burbidge's explanation of their significance seems good. He observed in North Borneo that the pitchers of many species are visited by the small rodent Tarsius spectrum. Perched on the pitcher margin, it bends in its head and neck, scoops out the caught insects and devours them. But if it attempts such action with N. bicalcarata the two sharp spines often transfix it by the nape of the neck, and tumble it into the pitcher, or frighten it from attempting such action on other pitchers of the species. Another suggested explanation of the spines has recently been made, by supposing that they exude honey drops by their tips from a few marginal glands that are so placed as to cause an insect that attempts to sip, to drop off into the pitcher cavity. Such may be a partial reason for their gradual evolutionary selec- tion and development, but Burbidge's view seems more natural. The lid or operculum (Fig. 4e) is always developed, but it varies from a small narrow elliptic process as in N. ampullaria (Fig. 1 3) to large cordate or reniform expansions as in N. rajah and N. bicalcarata (Fig. 14). Bower and the writer have both suggested, from embryological (Fig. 3 c) and morphological evidence that the lid is to be viewed as two peltately fused laminar lobes or leaflets. Bower regards them as leaflets that are distinct in morphological value and continuity from the laminar lobes in front of the pitcher, and from the basal laminar halves. The writer views them as lobes of the primitively continuous lamina, that have early become rounded off and fused in peltate fasbion in front of the spur to form the lid, while later and less perfect Separation of the pitcher wings and the laminar lobes has occurred. Eacb lid shows, in most species, two strong and somewhat approximated veins running into it, and distributing minor median and lateral veins. Its apex is often emarginate or indented. Ils external surface closely agrees with that of the outer pitcher wall, alike .1. M. Mact'arl Nfiientliaceae. 1 1 in color. in hair-development, and in the [»resence oi' oceasional alluring glands. Ils internal surlace inav be entirelv devoid oi' nectar glands as in Ihe rudimentary lid of X. ampullaria, but in mosl species it is richly siuddcd witli glands whose sweel secretion is attractive to inse ts. In A. ulatu, X. Hasch i\ shaking the pilchers of most speeies, thal a considerahle (juantily ol' liquid lias already aecumulated at the bottoni oi' the pilcher-cavity. This lias cxuded IVom the inner pitcher wall, aml is neutral in chemical reaction. The calcar or« spur is a shorl straighl or inore ollen curved [imcess, that pro- jeets from the posterior apical pari ol' the pitcher, hehind the insertion ol' Ihe lid. This has properly heen regarded as the organic apex ol' the leat", alike on emhrvological and niorphologieal grounds. Thus in Ihe enihryo pitcher Ihe spur is the terminal pointed apex, helow and in front of whicli the future lid originales as a usuallv hiloheil process, and the future pitcher cavity as a small depression In:. 3 />'. C. In the adult pitcher also Ihe vascular svstem converges toward the spur and in [iarl ends in it. II is usuallv a simple filiform attenuate process, hui in several Australian sjiecies it is flattened from ahove downwards. while in X. ampullai'in Fig. I :> . A. tnümii lata etc. it may bear several paired or unpaired lateral processes, Ihat Ihe wrilcr views as srreallv reduced leallets. Anatomy (Anatomische Verhältnisse). Koot system. Transverse section of a voung rool extremilv shows an epidermal laver wilh dark hrown cell walls. The free face of each cell is considerahly thicker t hau the lateral and inner faces. From Uns laver originale Ihe ahundant dark hrown rool hairs. 'Ihe cortex cnii>i>ls of Ihree rather irregulär kntrs of rounded cells wilh hrown slightlv thickened walls. These contain manv small single or ai.rLrre^alt^ or Compound starch grains. The endodermis is a Iayer of nearlv cuhical cells conlaining small stareh grains. The pericamhiuni is a single layer of cells, and from it originale man\ lateral rootlets, hui a considerahle Hinüber fail to develop. The vascular bündle system is slaled b\ Zacharias to he letrarch in A. Snh ////, [icnlareh or hexareh in A . />h{/Ilaii/jth<>/k>i, Hut in any one species the vascular system of the lip is letrarch. hui b\ Splitting of one or innre of xylem and phloem arms higher up. it usually heioines hcxareli. The i- li prolophloeiu palches (a)nsisl of a small central pateh ol' phloem cells, siirroimded liv sieve lubes. The protoxyleni consisls of a lew Spiral Iraeheae at Ihe lips of the arms, 1 li.it are sueeeeded cenlripelally bv eleinents Ihal heeonie greatl\ lignilied, and conslitiile a central tracheidal patch. |>y cambial formalion between Ihe protoxyleni and prolophloem, nietaxylem and at lirsl a limited aniouul of nietaphloein are laid down, along wilh i — ü uniseriale niediillary ravs. Siinultaneously Ihe pericamhiuni reorganizes as a cork eambiuni, aml begins to luv down cork. Succeeding death, and sloughing oll', of the cortex and epidermis oecur. The cork developed eonsisls of several layers annually, each formed of shallow cells of reddisb-yellow bue. Ihal give the characteristic eolor to the older rootlets. From Ihe second vear onward dei'ided addilions are made to 12 J. M. Macfarlane. — Nepenthaceae. the metaphloem, which becomes a cylindrical zone of considerable width. The metaxylem develops the same elements as are to be treated of under the stem. Stem system. The anatomy of the stem was studied by Schultz and Kor- thals, but more recently in a thorough manner by Zach arias. The following account confirms, and only in some points extends his observations, specially as pertaining to other species than those studied by him. Transverse sections of the stem of N. Hookeriana through the first internode beneath the expanding leaf, show a shallow epidermal layer with cuticularized walls. From it arise many multicellular hairs. Beneath are 3 — 4 layers of chlorophylloid cells with clear walls, succeeded by 12 — 14 layers of fibrous cells. These contain a few chloroplasts, and their walls are strongly thickened at the angles. Isolated spiral cells traverse the fibrous tissue at irregulär intervals. Beneath this is a zone of loose cortex tissue, composed of very unequal cells. Some of the smaller ones enclose small starch grains, some conglomerate crystals, a few contain chloroplasts, and some are spiral cells of rather large diameter. The endodermis (Fig. 5/") is a regulär layer of cells with thin walls. The cells contain small starch grains. Internal to it are 2 — 3 angular small-celled layers, succeeded by a relatively broad zone of large spiral cells, that are linked together by small thin-walled ones. Though thus peculiarly modified, if we accept present histological classifications, this double zone must be regarded as a highly specialized pericambial layer. The remaining plerome tissue within the last, indicates commencing modification along various lines. A relatively large amount in the centre is converted into pith tissue. This differentiates in part into thin-walled cells, that later may become filled with starch grains, and into large spiral cells. All of this tissue, as it continues to mature, so strikingly resembles that of the cortex, as to suggest a common origin embryologically with it. But later methods of wall thickening develop in the pith that cause it to differ strikingly from the cortex, while the conglomerate crystal cells of the latter have no parallel in the pith cells. The marginal mass of tissue beneath the pericambium differentiates into a ring of cambioid tissue, in which arise the proto-rudiments of the bundles. These are widely apart from each other, though they are connected by a ring of flattened cambial cells. The number of bündle rudiments varies from 2 9 to 34, and each bündle consists at first of a few spiral tracheae and companion cells internally, with phloem cells and sieve tubes externally. But a noteworthy detail, not shown evidently in the material used by Zacharias, is the formation of a set of pith bundles (Fig. 5) out of Strands of meristem cells. The tissue that originates these is either part of a wide cylinder, or of isolated Strands embedded in the pith, and made up of small- celled elements, in the midst of which the bundles mature. Each of these pith bundles is wedge-shaped, collateral, and consists of the usual elements. Their number varies from 5 to 8, and while one or two may arise toward the middle of the stem, the majority are disposed near or against the protomeristem zone. Growth in the normal cambial ring gives rise to interfascicular tissue that fills up the areas between the bundles, and to numerous uniseriate medullary rays, that run out between the vascular masses formed. The vascular tissue consists of narrow elongated tracheids with pitted lateral walls, of broad quadrangular indurated cells, and of pitted or porous vessels of varying diameter. One to six rows of this tissue may intervene between each pair of medullary rays. Division into annual rings of growlh, is as a rule impossible, since tissue is laid down with perfect and more or less continuous uniformity. But the total number of elements in depth, even in a three-year-old stem, is not great. During the second year however, an interesting change takes place in the region of the peri- cambium. The outer cells begin to divide, and cut off a typical cork tissue (Fig. §Bg') composed of shallow pale-yellow cells, much resembling those of the root. This cork- formation causes gradual shrivelling, browning and decay of all the tissue outside. By the fourth or fifth year therefore, in such species as N. ampidlaria, N. gracilis etc. this decaying tissue composed of epidermis, fibrous and cellular cortex, and endo- dermis, bursts lengthwise, then transversely and finally scales off. In such species as J. M. Macfarlane. — Nepenthaceae. A & Fig. 5. Transverse Sections of Stern of N. Hookeriana Lindl. A Section of stein eleven aionths old. B do. do. three years old. a cuticle; b epidermis, b' epid. hairs, c chlorophylloid cortex, d flbrous cortex with embedded leaf-traces, e loose inner cortex, f endodermis, g outer peri- cambial zone, g' (in B) cork and cork-cambium, h inner pericambial zone with abundant spiral cells, i phloem, k xylem, k' xylem tracheids, k" spiral tracheae, k'" pitted vessels, / outer or fibrous pith zone, m inner pith zone, n pith bundles. (Icon. orig. x 75°.) 14 J- M. Macfarlane. — Nepenthaceae. X. bicalcarata this tissue only begins to separate by tbe \ 0th — 1 2th year. Finally as tbe stem matures, rounded elements in the cylinder of spiral cells of the pericambium become increasingly tbickened, tili tbe lumen of eacb element is greatly reduced or almost obliterated (Fig. §Bh). Tbese elements are most abundant next tbe outer pbloem, but are also scattered tbroughout tbe entire zone in some species. In X. ampul- laria they form a diseonlinuous mass of greatly tbickened scleroid elements around tbe pbloem. Tbe stem and brancbes of many species may be abundantly covered witb bairs of diversified structure, but as tbese resemble leaf bairs, they will be treated of under that heading. The nectar-glands of the axial parts however deserve special mention, not least from their striking resemblance to simple animal glands. Fig. 1 A, is a sec- tion of a gland from the stem of N. phyllamphora. The epidermis has become deeply and sharply involuted. It has divided into three layers of gland tissue, of which the surface layer is deeply columnar. This lines a lumen that is lenticular below, con- stricted above, and that again widening, opens by a small circular oriflce that discharges the sweet secretion. The three glandulär layers of cells contain rieh finely-granular protoplasm. Beneath tbese are two layers of bead-shaped cells, which in position and relation suggest resemblance to the membrana propria of animal glands. A vascular bündle given off from one of- the accessory stem bundles ends in the base of the gland. A similar vascular supply exists for all the glands of Xepenthes. The axial glands attain their largest size in X. bicalcarata, where the glandulär tissue may even undergo branching as seen in glands on the flower stalk. The Leaf. The vascular connection and the course of the bundles in the stem and leaf, have been fully elueidated by Zacharias. The bundles that have bent out from the main cylinder as leaf-trace bundles, run into the cortex, and after branching and proeeeding for a distance through it; they bend into the leaf-cushion as a double set of bundles, an inner and an outer. The inner ones are few in number, are of large size, and lie in part against, in part outside of the fibrous cortex ring. The outer are small, numerous, more or less alternate with the inner, and run between the inner bundles and the chlorophylloid cortex. Crossing and fusion oeeur between them, but higher up where the leaf cushion is prolonged into the petiole, the large inner bundles become mainly the strong upper or ventral bundles of the petiole, while the smaller ones in part become the arched set of bundles of the dorsal surface. Section of the middle or lower part of a petiole of X. phyllamphora, X. bicalcarata or others, shows within the epidermis and chlorophylloid cortex, a ventral plate of cortex sclerenchyma, that may or may not be continued round the petiole as a ring. Embedded on the inner side of it are the vascular bundles, either isolated or grouped into patches of 2 — 4, two such groups usually oecurring along the ventral angles of the petiole. In N. Veitchii and others the cortex sclerenchyma is not continuous, but sclerenchyma rings exist round the individual bundles. All of the bundles that make up the plano-convex ring are oriented so that their xylem is toward the upper or ventral, the phloem toward the lower or dorsal side. The cellular tissue enclosed within the ring has one median dorsal (X. phyllamphora, N. bicalcarata) or several ventral vascular bundles (X. Veitchii) embedded in it. Its cells also may or may not contain conglomerate crystals. The histology of the leaf will be treated of under the following sections, (a) epi- dermis, [b] epidermal hairs, (c) stomata, (d) epidermal glands, (e) mesophyll tissue, (f) vascular bündle tissue. The relation of these in the petiole and the basal lamina, in the tendril and in the parts of the pitcher will now be traced. (a) The epidermis of the petiole and lamina, in the entire group, consists of a shallow layer of small cells, protected by a thin delicate cuticle. The cells of the upper epidermis of the lamina are typically polygonal and straight-walled, those of the lower epidermis are more or less sinuous in outline. In X. Rafflesiana var. nivea the upper and lower epidermal cells are alike sinuous, and in size as well as shape J. M. Macfarlane. — Nepenthaceae. 15 resemble eacli other. The striking modification undergone by the epidermal cells of the corrugated pitcher rim is described below. (b) The epidei'mal hairs vary greatly in structure and aspect. Such species as N. bicalcarata, N. Northiana and N. ventricosa may be almost devoid of them, other species have a greater or less abundance of one or two varieties, while some may bear from three to five. The most widely distributed, and apparently the most important physiologically, are the brown peltate hairs (Fig. 6). These may be slightly raised above, or on a level with, or somewhat sunk below the level of the epidermis, and they persist even in species that are destitute of other hair covering, as in N. ventricosa. They often become prominent as small brown spots in herbarium specimens. Each hair Springs from a sharply depressed part of the epidermis, and consists of a stalk-cell of brown color that bears a rosette of 4, 8 or even 16 cells according to the species studied. These rosette cells are level with the epidermis in most species, Fig. 6. Epidermal hairs of Nepenthes. A1 Surface view, A- sidc view of brown peltate hair. B Brown rosette hair. C Brown branched hair. D Elongated brown hair. — E Clear thin-walled stellate hair of N. Vcitchii Hook. f. — F Hair of N. Burkei Masters. — 6, H Hairs of N. madagascariensis Poiret. (Icon. orig.) they may be equally abundant on both surfaces, or more abundant on the lower than on the upper epidermis. From experimental evidence the writer considers that they act as moisture absorbents, and so resemble the somewhat similar hairs of Tillandsia and other Bromeliads. The soft young epidermal tissues of some species are covered with protruding hairs, that are partially or wholly shed as the lamina matures, but in other species the hairs persist. In the former case circular epidermal cells, often with thickened brown walls, represent the region from which the hairs have dropped. Rarely the hairs are simple and unicellular, usually they are multicellular. In N. ma- dagascariensis, N. Burkei and N. ventricosa short thick-walled hairs of 2 — 4 cells are frequent (Fig. %G) but interspersed with these are longer filiform hairs of 6 — 8 cells, that are either cylindrical or branched. In N. albo-marginata three types are distinguish- able, stellate hairs each made up of four long radiating thin-walled cells. These are very abundant over some parts of the pitcher, and in a dense felted form make J. M. Macfarlane. — Nepenthaceae. Fig. 7. Glandulär Structure of Nepentkes. A T. S. alluring stein gland of N. phyllamphora Willd., a columnar glandulär layer, 6 limiting layer, c spiral cell, d vascular bündle connection. B L. S. pitclier wall of N. khasiana Hook. f. a alluring gland, b its bündle, c digestive gland, d its bündle. C Attractive gland of N. Pervillei Blume. D Attractive lid gland of N. Lowii Hook, f., a columnar layer, b limiting layer, c vascular bündle giving off a branch (d) to gland. E Surface view of dissected-out peristome of N. Rookeriana Lindl., a vascular bündle, 6 gland, c line of tissue Separation, d marginal orifice. F L. S. inner peristome margiu of N. khasiana Hook, f., c central gland tissue, e digestive glands; other references as in E. 0 Peristome tooth of N. echinostoma Hook. f. with marginal gland. H Honey gland from sepal of N. bicalcarata Hook, f., that exactly resembles lid glands of many species. J. M. Macfarlane. — Nepenthaceae. 17 up the white collar below the peristome that is characteristic of the species. The same form of hair is developed in N. phyllamphora and related types. A second in N. albo-marginata is the short thick-walled hair that bears one to three basal radiating cells from whose united centre Springs a long strong 2 — 3-celled shaft, while a third is the greatlj elongated multicellular hair that is most abundant along the midrib. Each consists of 5 — 8 narrow thick-walled cells, the upper parts of which grow out as lateral branch processes. This is the type that is specially abundant over the lamina and outer pitcher surface of N. villosa, and which gives it specific designation. In N. Veitchii five types of hair occur. In addition to sessile peltate hairs there are a few thin-walled stellate hairs made up of 5 — 7 — usually 6 — long clear radiate cells. Many short brown hairs, composed of a strong dagger-shaped central cell surrounded by 6 — 8 radiate basal cells (Fig. 6 B) give a fine brown pubescence to the leaves. Less abundant are strong dark-brown greatly branched hairs that give a slightly hirsute character to the lamina, and particularly to the midrib region of it. The fifth type is that which gives the hirsute aspect to the unfolding, and even to the mature lamina. It corresponds closely in histology to the long hair of N. villosa already described. In studying the specific value of related species, and the probable parentage of doubtful hybrids, the writer has found these hairs to be of extreme value, and they will doubtless be regarded with increased interest in the future. Functionally the elongated felted hairs evidently act as a protective covering to the young shoots and leaves against over-rapid heat radiation and evaporation. But in the mature state of such species as N. albo-marginata, N. Veitchii and N. villosa they possibly may act as felted moisture holders for the general epidermal surface. The stomata (c) of the lamina are wholly restricted to the lower epidermis, but are there very abundant. Their surface cell-area may amount to from y3 to J/4 that of the epidermal surface. Each Stoma is almost or quite circular in outline, and the guard cells are well filled with chloroplasts. The epidermal glands (d) of the petiole and lamina vary in number and distribu- tion in the different species. Each gland appears to the naked eye as a little greenish- yellow papilla, with minute central orifice. Microscopically it differs from the stem gland already described, in being flattened out in its glandulär tissue (Fig. 7 Ba). The glands increase in number as a rule from stem and petiole up to the laminar end and the tendril. Only a few species such as N. bicalcarata, N. Northiana and N. sanguinea possess them on the upper surface, though 20 — 50 may be at times counted on the two last. Their number, as compared with that over the outer pitcher surface, may be indicated by the following statistics. In N. ampullaria three leaves showed 35, 50, 41 over the lower laminar surface, and 5, 7, 10 over the outer pitcher surface. In N. Veitchii 70, 64, 81 were noted over the former, 115, 83, and 121 over the latter. In N. khasiana one leaf showed 61 over the former and 260 over the latter. As a rule the larger, more specialised, and more richly colored species, have a greater number than the smaller less striking forms. That these alluring nectar glands should wholly or mainly be confincd to the lower laminar surface is appropriate and ex- plicable on principles of natural selection, when one remembers that insects in the tropics usually run along that area, and so shelter themselves from the Observation of enemies. The mesophyll tissue (e) may be divided into three zones, the aqueous, the palisade and the spongy layers. The first consists of 1 — 3 strata of clear round — or rarely (N. bicalcarata) transversely elongated — cells, placed beneath the upper epi- dermis. In N. Veitchii this zone is about one-fourth the thickness of the entire lamina, in N. Northiana about one-sixth, in N. bicalcarata it is one-eighth. The cell walls show minute pore areas, and a few of the cells may contain crystals. The palisade parenchyma consists of 2 — 5 layers of cells that may be slightly elongated vertically, or rounded. or transversely widened [N. bicalcarata), and the cells are richly supplied with chloroplasts. The loose parenchyma is twice to three times the depth of the A. Engler, Das Pflanzenreich. IV. (Embryophyta siphonogama) 111. 2 18 J. M. Macfarlane. — Nepenthaceae. last, and is abundantly traversed by irregulär intercellular spaces. Many of its cells contain crystals. Spiral cells ramify through the palisade layer, but are more abundant in tbe loose layer. The vascular bundles (/") run beneath the junction of these two zones. Each bündle is ensheathed by a fibrous sclerenchyma ring, and has the normal bifacial arrangement. The histology of the tendril does not differ fundamentally from that of the petiole. Its epidermis, cortex, and pith tissues are quite similar. The vascular bundles are united into a ring, even more perfectly than in the petiole, by a zone of sclerenchyma. The normal bundles that are thus connected, tend in nearly all cases to show bifacial arrangement, even though the tendril may be cylindrical [N. ampullaria, N. maxima, N. phyllamphora etc.). But in a few cases the bundles of the upper or ventral region of the tendril may be inverted, when the xylem faces internally the phloem externallv (N. Veitchii etc.), and so a close approximation to stem structure occurs. A set of accessory pith bundles is even more perfectly developed than in the stem or petiole. These are relatively of large size, even in such thin tendrils as those of N. phyllam- phora and N. graeilis. With the exception of the dorsal median one, which is in contact with the sclerenchyma ring, all are embedded in the pith. In most cases also the xylem is ventrally, and the phloem is dorsally placed. As might be expected from its morphological relation, the general histology of the outer wall of the pitcher and of the mesophyll substance broadly agrees with that of the basal lamina. The corrugated surface of the peristome consists of highly cuticu- larized epidermal cells arranged in radial rows, and neatly fitting into each other by oblique walls. The surface of each cell is delicately striated radially, while the end of the cell that is toward the mouth of the pitcher may slightly overlap the adjacent end of the next cell within. These smooth glistening cells of the inwardly sloping part form an insecure zone for insects that attempt to walk across it. Its action is aided by the presence of a secretion from a series of remarkable nectar-glands, that are deeply embedded in cavities of the incurved margin. These were first observed and described by Gibbons-Hunt, and later were studied in detail by Dickson who named them "marginal glands". They may attain to large size, and all excrete a juice that has been proved by the writer to be particularly relished by insects. They are always developed in the first seedling leaf, as a few (5 — 8) dark oval glands embedded in the translucent margin. They increase in size and number as older pitchers form. Each fully developed gland is an oval [N. ampullaria, N. graeilis etc. Fig. 7 E) or elongated cylindrical [N. Edwardsiana, N. khasiana Fig. lF, N. phyllamphora) mass of cells. Each originates as a central patch of epidermal cells that is carried inward by invagi- nation of a circular area of the peristome margin. This patch swells out in the centie of the depression, as an oval protruding body, while internally it continues to grow into the substance of the peristome. When the gland has reached maturity the greater part of its tissue is embedded in the mesophyll of the margin, while its free mamillar extremity protrudes into the depression or canal of the margin, that acts as a lumen for the discharge of the neetar secretion. Each gland is surrounded by a circle of bundles, derived by Splitting of a single bündle that runs toward the gland from the veins of the pitcher System (Fig. SÄ). These bundles Surround the limiting membrane of the glands, and doubtless supply the glands with their secretion substance. They are of smallest size in N. graeilis, N. Reinwardtiana and N. tentaculata, of medium size in N. maxima, N. sanguinea and N. ventricosa, are long and cylindrical in N. khasiana and N. phyllamphora, but the largest are those of N. Edwardsiana, which may measure 6 — 8 mm X < — 1,5 mm. Their position is indicated, round the simple margin of the pitcher in N. Lcnvii, by the minute apertures seen in the middle of small papillae (Fig. \ 9). These apertures lead into cavities whose embedded glands are elliptic and blunt. In iV. eehinostoma each is sunk in a depression at the tip of each isolated tooth, and is oval in shape (Fig. 7 G). Though an abundant secretion is rarely poured out by them, the writer has had frequent and convincing proof that it is greatly J. M. Macfarlane. — Nepenthaceae. 19 preferred by insects to the secretion from the lid or the pitcher exterior. Their eflbrts to hang over the inner peristome margin so as to reach and sip the secretion often lead to their capture and destruction. G F Fig. 8, Glandulär Structure of Nepenthes. A T. S. peristome of N. khasiana Hook, f., a cor- rugations or ridges, b bündle, c periglandulär bundles, d gland tissue, e loose lumen tissue. B Development of digestive glands of N. phyllamphora Willd. [a — c) and K. gracilis Korth. [d — e], u — d side view, e surface view. G Conducting surface of N. phyllamphora Willd. showing modified stomata, wax covering in part shown in part removed. D Digestive glands of N. Pervillei Blume. E do. of N. Loivii Hook. f. from pitcher base. F Gland from pedicel of N. bicalearata Hook. f. 0 T. S. sepal of N. bicalcarata Hook, f., g gland tissue. (A, D — 0 Icon. orig., B, C after Wunschmann). 2* 20 « J« M. Macfarlane. — Nepenthaceae. The histology of the lid or operculum in the different species closely agrees, the greatest featui'e of Variation being the relative amount and character of the hairs. But the internal surface often presents features of great morphological and taxonomic im- portance. In N. ampullaria alone the elliptic rudimentary lid has as a rule no attrac- tive lid glands, though in large richly colored examples from Singapore and Borneo an occasional gland may be detected. In all others the lid glands are either fairly or very abundant, and as a rule secrete freely in young fresh pitchers. In N. Hookeriana N. Rafflesiana and N. Northiana the glands are mainly or wholly disposed in two longitudinal scries between the middle line and the margins of the lid. In the majority of species they are largest and most thickly massed along the middle. In such species as N. maxima and N. Boschiana that have basal keels to the lids, the keels are richly paved with large glands. In N. bicalcarata and N. Burbidgei numerous glands of moderate size are uniformly distributed over the entire lid. In most cases the gland tissue is almost flat, and is directly exposed (Fig. 7 -ff) or slightly covered by a down- growing epidermal Aap , but in N. gracilis, N. Lowii and N. Pervillei (Fig. 7 G) the glands are almost identical with those of the lamina, and similarly open by a small circular orifice. Those of N. Lowii are relatively gigantic (Fig. 7 D) and are deeply em- bedded in the thick substance of the lid. Histologically and physiologically, the pitcher cavity shows two diverse conditions in some species, that are connected by all gradation forms in other species. In a considerable number, typified by N. Lowii, N. ampullaria, N. Burbidgei and N. bi- calcarata (Fig. \ 4), the entire cavity is lined by a greatly cuticularized glistening and smooth epidermis, that has glands uniformly distributed over it. This can appropriately be called the "detentive" (detinens) and digestive surface, since physiologically it fulfils the funetions of preventing the escape of caught insects, of pouring out a digestive liquid when the glands are stimulated, and of absorbing the digested producls of animal tissues. Very different is the relation in such species as N. alata, N. Reinwardtiana, N. gracilis (Fig. 4) and N. khasiana, where the lowermost half or one-third is detentive, while the upper area from the rim to the top of the last-named region is usually glaueous, glaucous-purple or purple, in part due to a waxy surface secretion in part to an epidermal pigment. It is extremely smooth and ill-adapted for free insect movements. Further, it is closely covered by many transversely placed ledge- like cells (Fig. 8 C) that are raised slightly above the epidermal surface. These ledges represent transversely placed stomata, which in embryonic pitchers have a normal stomatic aspect. But gradually the lower of the two guard cells sinks inward behind the upper, so that the former and the stomatic orifice become hid by the exerescent and parallel position of the outer cell. This area may well be named the "condueting" (deducens) surface, since it affords no sure foothold for insects, but rather conduets or drops them into the lower part. In such species as N. Macfarlanei and N. Ro- ivanae it may not extend over more than one-eighth to one-fifth the depth of the pitcher. Where distinctly dimorphic basal and cauline pitchers are developed, as in N. Rafflesiana and N. melamphora, the former may be wholly glandulär, the latter glandulär below and condueting above to one-sixth or one-third of its depth. The glands of the detentive surface are almost identical in strueture with those of the lid, though they differ greatly in funetion. In some species, or in large pitchers, they may be relatively large. Thus in mature pitchers of N. Lowii the upper glands are of small size, are widely apart, and are completely covered by downwardly directed epidermal flaps. Gradual transitions from these can be traced to glands at the bottom of the pitcher that may be huge quadrangular or polygonal masses separated from eacli other by ridges of thick-walled epidermal cells (Fig. 8 E). As compared with typical lid glands the detentive ones are usually covered by a shallow to deep epidermal and cuticular flap (Fig. 8ffe) that may partially or wholly cover the gland. In the geographically widely separated species N. Pervillei and N, Vieillardii the flap is so largely developed as to form a deep pocket with narrowed mouth (Fig. 8D). The epidermal and subepidermal J. M. Macfarlane. — Nepenthaceae. 21 cells of the detentive region may be slightly to greatly indurated, and in Üie former cuticularized. The cuticularization and induration may be so extensive as almost to obliterate the lumen of the epidermal cells as in N. Edwardsiana. But the proto- plasm of the gland cells, and of the surrounding epidermal cells is placed in living and direct continuity with the more deeply-placed tissue of the mesophyll, by fine canals that traverse the thickened walls, and which contain fine intercellular protoplasmic threads. As in all of the glands already described, each detentive gland is directly in connection with a vascular bundle-termination. Biological Relations of the Leaf. The general morphology and alike the histology of Nepenthes leaves suggest a carnivorous and particularly an insectivorous habit. Observation of the relation between insects and pitchers clearly demonstrates this, while all travellers agree in describing the abundance of insect remains in the pitchers. While some of the caught insects in herbarium specimens from the East are winged, it seems largely true that running insects such as ants and cockroaches form the principal prey of the group. Such is typically the case in conservatories, where the writer'a experience is that ants and cockroaches are almost invariably the victims. Running up the stem such insects turn to right and left in quest of food ; a globular drop exuded from an alluring stem-gland may arrest them for a time. Reaching the base of a leaf they may pass along it, attracted by the frequent presence of honey- drops there. They almost invariably run along its under side, to shelter themselves from enemies and bot suns. Moving on restlessly, and sipping from glands as they proceed, they reach the tendril which in some species offers considerable attraction. The ventral wings and the areas between are more beset with alluring glands than is the outer or dorsal part of the pitcher, and along this they often run tili they reach the orifice or the lid. The lid-glands of the inner surface prove a great attraction, specially in such species as N. khasiana, N. maxima and N. sanguinea, but their secretion does not compare with that from the marginal glands. Straining to reach the orifices of the glands the insect visitors often over-reach themselves after a few efforts, tumble into the pitcher cavity, and in rare cases is escape again possible. Where a definite con- ducting surface is developed, the irregulär tottering and struggling efforts made by insects on it, demonstrate how effective it is for the work in band. The presence of liquid in the pitcher-cavities early attracted the attention of bo- tanists. Thus Grimm in 1682 spoke of the native Ceylon species, N. distillatoria as "planta inhabilis destillatoria". Later observers like Rumph and Loureiro spoke of the varying amount of the secretion during day and night, while Korthals stated that the fluid was more abundant in plants that grew in the sun, than in those that grew in the shade. As already stated, a considerable quantity of liquid accumulates in the young pitcher cavily, while it is still air-tight, and hermetically closed by the lid. This liquid is clear and slightly viscous. According to the original statement of Hooker it "is always acid and effects digestion of proteinaceous substances". He further noted that when the fluid was emptied out of a fully formed pitcher that had not received or been in contact with animal matter, the liquid again collected in small quantity, and further that placing of inorganic substances in the fluid, did not apparently cause increased secretion, though animal matter did. Gorup-Besanez extended Hooker's observations, and further stated that acidification of the liquid in young pitchers with dilute hydrochloric acid, increased the digestive action. Vines and Clautriau have supplied more exact informalion, and they both oppose the views of Dubois and Tischutkin, who contendcd lhal iligestion of animal prey or of other proteinaceous substances is effected by bacteria in the pitcher cavity. Vines and Clautriau agree that a specific ferment is excreted, which the former has named Nepenthin. From experiments conducted on N. melamphora at a high elevation in Java, supplemented later by experiments in greenhouses at a warmer temperature, Clautriau concluded that the liquid of the unopcncd pitcher was at first neutral. After mechanical Irrita- tion or shaking of the pitcher, the liquid became acid and a digestive ferment was 22 J. M. Macfarlane. — Nepenthaceae. simultaneously set free. He considered that this ferment converted insoluble proteids into dissolved peptones, and so that it was referable to the pepsin series of ferments. From more extended comparative Observation s Vines concluded that it has the power not merely to peptonize, but further to Proteolyse. The disintegration or katabolism of proteids is thus effected not merely to the peptone stage, but further to that which vields the tryptophan produets of decomposition. As in the case of Drosera and Dionaea, mechanical or chemical irritation of the thin-walled gland cells, causes the aggregation substance of each cell to ball up speedily. According to Vines' experi- ments, when the temperature is sufficiently high, rapid digestion within two to eight hours is effected, while at lower temperatures as those at which Clautriau carried on his experiments in Java, digestion is slower. Floral Structure (Blütenverhältnisse). The inflorescences of Nepenthes seem always to be oppositifoliar, and each accordingly is the direct termination of an axis. Fig. 9. Nepenthes villosa Hook. f. A Extremity of axis. Bl Leaf with pitcher or aseidium in front view. Iß Aseidium in side view. G $ Inflorescence. D <3 Flower. E Q Inflorescence. F Q Flower. Q Fruit. (After Hooker f.) The opposed bract leaf is sessile in nearly every instance, even though the foliage leaves may have long stalks, but it is usually equal or little inferior in size to them in its lamina, while in general outline they are nearly alike. But in N. ventricosa the bract leaf is typically oval, while the foliage leaves are linear or linear-lanceolate. The bract differs also from the foliage leaf in its venation. Thus instead of showing 2 — J5 pairs of longitudinal veins, each bract is irregularly and closely reticulated by a series J. M. Macfarlane. — Nepenthaceae. 23 of fine oblique veins that only fuse near the margin. If two or morc inflorescences are produced in succession, as often happens in N. Bongso and other species, the bracts conform with each other. Each inflorescence consists of a peduncle of varying length and thickness, sur- mounted by an expanded panicle of scorpioid cymes in N. distillatoria, N. rnadagas- cariensis, N. bicalcarata and N. Pervillei, by a dense ferruginous panicle in N. am- pullaria or subpanicle as in N. Hookeriana etc. and by a simple or sub-simple raceme in the remaining species. But the last type is evidently derived by condensation and simplification from the panicle, for not unfrequently the lower flowers, or most of the flowers of a raceme may be grouped into reduced 2 — 3-flowered scorpioid cymes. The inflorescences are dioecious in their flowers, but an interesting case of monoecism was described by Moore (Trans. Roy. Irish Acad. XXIV. (1870) 629), where the lower flowers in an inflorescence were pistillate to the number of about twelve, while the numerous upper flowers were staminate. Nectar glands are not uncommon along the axis and on the pedicels of the flowers (Fig. SF) though the delicate pedicels of N. Pervillei alone possess many small nectar-glands. In most species the peduncle and the pedicels have a close covering of hairs that are ferruginous in color, but may vary to cinereous or silvery. In some species small linear bracteoles occur on most of the pedicels, or may only develop on the lower pedicels of an inflorescence. In length each inflorescence may vary from the short ones of N. Bongso and N. tentaculata (Flg. 15) that are to — 15 cm to those of N. Rafflesiana, N. rajah and N. bicalcarata that may be from 40 — 100 cm in length. The number of flowers borne by an in- florescence may vary also from 15 or 20 up to several hundred. The blooming period seems to be rather extended and somewhat inconstant for most of the species in the wild State, though March to September is the period given in the majority of the accurate records. Under cultivation in the northern hemisphere, they bloom commonly from August to October. The length of time during which an inflorescence may remain in bloom varies with the number of flowers in it, and the species studied. Thus in a staminate inflorescence of a hybrid of N. maxinia [Curtisii) 1 7 \ flowers were produced. These expanded on the average at the rate of six blooms daily, and during the blooming period a heavy foetid odor, similar to but fainter than that exhaled from staminate Aüanthus flowers, was given off. The staminate flowers soon wither, but the pistillate flowers may remain fresh in appearance for several weeks if not pollinated. Each flower consists of four — or sometimes in N. Pervillei of three — small oval or elliptic green, greenish-yellow or claret-colored free sepals (Fig. i 0). In N. Pervillei the sepals are synsepalous at their bases. They are rarely glabrous without, more commonly they are clothed with a dense silvery or ferruginous tomentum, that in some species may extcnd to the inner edge of each sepal. An occasional nectar-gland may be detected on the outer surface, that is similar in structure to the leaf glands. The inner surface of each sepal is richly provided with glands over its middle . *>'. ' f^~. *' - J /t,- o n\ -x x- r rr, n ioria L- A Diagram of <$ area (Fig. SO) or over its entire surface. These gencrally flower# B oiQfi.; n stigma resemble the attractive glands of the inner lid surface of the from beneath with the upper pilcher. But there is a decided tendency in some species part 0f the ovary cut trans- to depression of the gland, and overgrowth of the Surround- versely, showing the four ing epidermal tissue. This proeeeds to such an extend cells. in N. Pervillei that each gland opens by a very narrow elongated orifice. The amount of nectar exereted by these is always considcrable, and in conneclion with this Burbidge informed the writer that clouds of small insects flit about the inflorescences, or alight to sip the nectar. Small therefore though the flowers are, they are evidently cross-pollinated by insects as well as, or perhaps more frequently than by wind. The odor already mentioned probably aids in attracting insects. 24 J. M. Macfarlane. — Nepenthaceae. The stamens vary from 4 or 6 to many, and are monadelphous. The staminal column may be naked as in N. distillatoria, or hairy below and glabrous above as in N. Bongso, or uniformly hairy as in N. albo-marginata. The column may be shorter than, or equal to, or somewhat longer than the sepals. The terminal anthers (Fig. i \ Ä) form a knoblike mass, and are uniseriate or arranged in one circular series, or they may be biseriate when the anthers of the upper set are circular and are dovetailed into those of the lower series, or an intermediate condition may be shown when one circular series is capped by a few transversely-placed upper ones. The dehiscence of the anthers is extrorse, and the microspores or pollen-grains are three-lobed. The pistil consists of 4 — or not unfrequently in N. Pervillei of 3 — united carpels, that form an oval or ovate ovary below. The style is absent in most spe- cies, but in a few a short thick style can be traced. This or the upper part of the ovary ends in 4 — rarely 3 — short thick radiating often bilobed stigmas (Fig. \ 1 B). The ovarian surface may be glabrous, but is more often hairy, and may rarely bear a few nectar glands like those of the lamina. The ovary is 4- rarely 3-celled, and the ovules are numerous, minute, ascending, anatropous and arranged in several series on the placental ridge in the centre of the ovary. Each ovule is narrow, elongate and slightly fusiform. It consists of two coats or indusial coverings, the primine and secundine, the former of which is greatly elongated in the micropylar region into a micropylar funnel or canal with oblique mouth. Posteriorly this layer is also greatly prolonged into a tapered chalazal tail. The testa and tegmen Surround the centrally-placed nucellus or megasporangium that is oval to ovate in shape. i) Fig. 1 1 . Nepenthes phyllamphora L. A <3 Flower. B 2 Flower. C Fruit. D Seed. Fruit and seeds (Frucht und Samen). A period of 6 — 8 weeks elapses between pollination and fruit-maturation. Alike from study of herbarium material, and arti- ficially pollinated inflorescences in our stove houses, one gathers that the greater number öf the pistillate flowers are pollinated and mature fruit. Each ripe fruit is a capsule of fusiform to ovate shape, is of leathery to woody consistence, and it ranges in color from gray to reddish-brown. In some species the covering of hairs that was present over the ovary persists up to the time of capsular dehiscence, but more frequently this is shed during maturation of the capsule, which thus becomes glabrous when ripe. If long strong hairs were present over the ovary, and become shed during ripening, the capsule may have a punctate aspect, from scars left by the hairs. The stigma of the pistil persists and even enlarges during fruit-maturation, so as to form a dark quadrangular or nearly circular knob above the fruit, or above its short style when such is developed. Each fruiting stigmatic lobe may be simple, or more or less deeply divided. When ripe the capsule dehisces longitudinally and loculicidally into 4 — or rarely 3 — valves, that slightly diverge from each other above, but remain more or less attached or ap- proximated below (Fig. 1 \ C). The long thin filiform seeds gradually dry, spread apart, and at length separate from their placental attachments. The number of seeds matured in a capsule may vary from 100 to close on 500, according to countings made by the writer. Thus two capsules of N. alata showed J. M. Macfarlane. — Nepenthaceae. 25 respectively 191 and 209, two of N. melamphora showed 197 and 167, one of JV, khasiana 425. In all species except N. Pervillei the seeds are light filiform spindles that may be from 3 to 25 mm long, and that vary in color from silvery yellow to dark brown, according to the species. The cells of the greatly elongated testa are thin-walled, but are thickened internally by spiro-annular bands that become specially strong around the endosperm region in the middle of the seed. The tegmen consists of thin-walled cells surrounding the distended nucellus and endosperm. The endosperm cells contain oil, starch, and protein material, and Surround a minute triangulär em- bryo, the greater bulk of which consists of the cotyledons. For successful germination the seeds must fall on a moist porous surface, and must be surrounded by a moist atmosphere. Subsequent changes have been already described. Hybridization (Bastardbildung). All of the cultivated species of Nepenthes hy- bridize readily with each other, and the resulting hybrids are fertile to a high degree, alike between themselves, and when crossed by other species. A large series of arti- ficial hybrids is therefore in cultivation at the present day, the parentage of which is accurately known. These exhibit, to a marked degree, the blended peculiarities of their parents, alike in macro- and microscopic characters. They may also inherit commend- able qualities from both parents that render them more acceptable to growers than the parents. Thus JV. Mastersiana pitchers as freely, is as easily grown, and can be as easily propagated by cuttings, as the one parent JV. khasiana, while the pitchers are often as richly colored as, and the plant shortens its habit toward, the other parent JV. sanguinea. Again JV. mixta is more amenable to cultivation than are the parents JV. Northiana and JV. maxima (Curtisii), while JV. Tiveyi is a superior type of plant to JV. maxima and JV. Veitchii. When such results have been secured readily under cultivation, it might reasonably be expected that natural hybrids would be formed in the native haunts of the species. Such seems clearly to be the case. Thus Burbidge's JV. Harryana (p. 54) may with almost complete certainty be regarded as a hybrid between JV. villosa and N- Edwardsiana, alike from habitat, structure, and stature. JV. cincta from Borneo exhibits the blended characters. of JV. Northiana and JV. albo- marginata. Even JV. Hookeriana, which the writer has temporarily accepted as a species, since it has thrice been found wild, shows all the blended characters of JV. ampullaria and JV. Rafflesiana. The two last species have been found in the regions where the supposed hybrid occurs. More critical study of these plants in their native haunts will almost surely reveal that natural hybrids of Nepenthes are not unfrequent in the wild state. Geographica! Distribution (Geographische Verbreitung). The Nepenthaceae are now mainly restricted to the "indisches Monsungebiet", and have their headquarters in N. Borneo, with Mount Kina Balu as a centre. This mountain alone possesses the most striking species, including N bicalcarata, N Boschiana, N. Edwardsiana, N. Lowii, N rajah, N. Veitchii and N. villosa. It is noteworthy also that while some of the species like N. bicalcarata, N echinostoma, N. gracilis and N neglecta grow in Borneo at low levels and in bot moist situations, others like N ampullaria, N hirsuta and JV. Veitchii grow commonly at an altitude of 600 — 700 m, while N. Ed- wardsiana, N. Lowii, N. rajah and N. villosa reach an elevation of 1500 — 3000 m. The last group and in particular JV. rajah are almost continuously exposed to a moist dripping atmosphere (Fig. 1 2) owing to the bot wind currcnts from the plains round Kina Balu meeting the cold currents from the upper regions of the mountain. The extremely light seeds, combined with their relalively large surface of exposure to wind, favor wind-dissemination to a marked degree. This probably explains in part the distribution of the species in radial manner from Borneo as a focal centre. At least twenty species have been recordcd from this island. From the adjacent island of Sumatra eleven species have been recognised of which four are peculiar to it and the 26 J. M. Macfarlane. — Ncpenthaceac. remaindcr are common to Borneo, Malaya and even more distant parts. Eight spccies occur in Ihe Malay Peninsula, of which two are alone restricted to that area. Eight to ten species are reported from N. Australia, but as yet only three from New Guinea. A more intimate knowledge of its flora will probably increase the number greatly from the latter island. Some of the older records and determinations are probably incorrect for species from the Philippines, but at least seven to nine are found there of which most are endemic. N. maxima is found in the Celebes, Borneo and N. Guinea, N. Vieillardii in N. Caledonia, N. distülatoria in Ceylon, N. khasiana in N. E. Bengal, N. Smilesii in Siam, N. anamensis in Anam, N. Pervillei in the Seychelle Islands, and N. madagascariensis — the species most widely removed geographically from the centre of the group at the present day — in Madagascar. The most widely distributed alt. 7JJOO feet Seil le&el Fig. \ 2. Diagram showing hot and cold air currents on the sides of Mount Kina Balu in Borneo, meeting and condensing at the Nepenthes zone. (Adapted from Burbidge.) species is N. phyllamphora which ranges from S. E. China to Malaya, Sumatra, Borneo, New Guinea, and in Australia is represented by the closely related geographical species N. Kennedyana and N. albo-lineata. Bather more restricted in ränge are N. gracilis, N. ampullaria and N. Rafflesiana. Systematic Relations (Verwandtschaftliche Beziehungen). The Nepenthaceae have been viewed by some botanists as related to the Cytinaeeae and Aristolochiaceae. Thus Brongniart grouped them as a section of the Cytineae, and Link as a section of the Aristolochiaceae. The incomplete flowers, united stamens, extrorse anthers, radiating sessile stigmas, several-celled ovary and numerous seeds suggested points of morphological agreement. But the morphology of the leaves, the tetramerous or tri— merous dioecious flowers, the superior ovary and the albuminous seeds constitute im- portant differences. As successively suggested by Lindley, Eichler, Engler and the writer, very close affinities are shown with the Sarraceniaceae, particularly through the genus Heliamphora of the latter order. The Nepenthaceae and Sarraceniaceae again have considerable affinities with the Droseraceae, and all of these secm to stand in intermediate relation between the Papaveraceae and Cistaceae. Uses (Nutzen). In Borneo the natives utilize the long flexible stems of such species as N. ampullaria and N. Rafflesiana for cordage in binding the bamboos of bridges. Several Bornean travellers state that the pitchers are used as cooking dishes for rice and other food. The liquid of the more recently opened pitchers seems fre- quently to be drunk by the natives, as it has also at times been by travellers. As objects of horticultural interest and scientific study, the different species already intro- duced into cultivation, have had a large sale, but the beautiful hybrids that have been produced artificially have been more extensively grown and sold. Nepenthes. 27 Nepenthes l. Nepenthes*) L. [Gen. ed. 1. (1737) 273] Spec. pl. ed. 1. (1753) 955; Endl. Gen. (1836—40) n. 2167; Hook. f. in DC. Prodr. XVII. (1873) 90; Benlh. et Hook. f. Gen. III. (1880) 116; Wunschmann in Engler-Prantl, Pflzfam. III. 2. (1891) 260. — Bandura Adans. Fam. II. (1763) 75. — Phyllamphora Lour. Fl. cochinch. (1790) 606. Conspectus specierum. A. Inflorescentia paniculata v. racemoso-paniculata. a. Semina parva, testa vix v. breviter caudata. a. Sepala 4 — 3 ± connata, testa vix caudata . . . . 1 . N. Pervillei. ß. Sepala 4 distincta, testa breviter caudata 2. N.madagascariensis. b. Semina filiformia, testa utrinque caudata. a. Ascidia plerumque globosa, peristomium latum aequale, operculum parvum vel mediocre, intus non vel sparse glandulosum. I. Operculum parvum, non glandulosum 3. N. ampullaria. II. Operculum mediocre, sparse glandulosum . ... 4. 2V. Hookeriana. ß. Ascidia plerumque globosa, peristomium latum, postice in Collum et in calcaria duo decurvata elongatum . 5. -AT. bicalcarata. y. Ascidia =fc cylindrico-ventricosa, peristomium angustum, postice leviter elongatum, operculum glandulosum . 6. N. distillatoria. B. Inflorescentia racemosa, pedicelli rarissime triflori, plerum- que biflori vel uniflori. a. Operculum ascidii intus planum. a. Nervi longitudinales laminae 2 — 4. I. Folia sessilia amplexicaulia, non decurrentia. 1 . Peristomium ascidii maturi cylindricum aequale, zona pilorum tomentosa sub insertione exteriore instructum. * Nervi longitudinales laminae 2 obscuri . . 7. N. albo-marginata. ** Nervi longitudinales laminae 3 obscuri. . . 7*. N. gracillima. *** Nervi longitudinales laminae 3 — 4, conspicui 8. JV. anamensis. 2. Peristomium ascidii maturi cylindricum, sed sine zona pilorum. * Plantae pumilae non scandentes. f Alae ascidii uniusmodi ciliatae 9. N. Smilesii. ff Alae ascidii inferne angustae non ciliatae, sursum ciliato-dentatae 1 0. N. Cholmondeleyi. ** Plantae elongatae scandentes. f Nervi laminae 2 — 3, alae ascidii inferne ciliatae, versus os angustatae non ciliatae, pedicelli uniflori 1 1 . N. Blancoi. ff Nervi laminae 3, alae ascidii uniusmodi ciliatae, pedicelli uniflori 12. N. tentaculata. fff Nervi laminae 4, alae angustae non ciliatae, pedicelli biflori 13. iV. trichocarpa. ff ff Nervi laminae 4, alae irregulariter serratae v. breviter ciliatae, pedicelli bi- v. triflori . 1 4. iV. philippinensis. 3. Peristomium ascidii maturi latere latc expansum, saepe margine exteriore undulatum. *) Nomen derivatum a vrinef&rjs [yt] sine; nev&og cura), quia liquidum in ascidio collectum recreare dicitur. »Nepenthes< apud auctores antiquos nomen remedii cuiusdam vi curas miti- gandi donati (cf. Wittstein, Etym. bot. Handw. p. 61 3). 28 J- M. Macfarlane. — Nepenthaceae. * Pedicelli inferne 2 — 3-flori, Capsula elongata. f Lamina et superficies ascidii glabra, oper- culum ovatum acutum \5. N. Northiana. ff Lamina et superficies ascidii ± pubescens, operculum orbiculare \6. N. sanguinea. ff f Lamina et superficies ascidii glabra, oper- culum magnum cordatum basi carinatum. 17. N. rajah. ** Pedicelli inferne uniflori (rarissime biflorij; Capsula brevis lata. f Folia peltata; columna staminea basi pube- scens, antherae ad 8 1 8. N. Bongso. ff Folia in cirrhum attenuata; columna sta- minea glabra, antherae 10 — 12 . . . . 19. N. singalana. II. Folia sessilia amplexicaulia, ± decurrentia. 1. Ascidia pubescentia vel villosa, peristomium di- stincte striatum, pedicelli uniflori 20. N. Vieillardii. 2. Ascidia i: .hirsuta, peristomium distincte stria- tum, pedicelli uniflori %\. N. hirsuta. 3. Ascidia glabra, peristomium obscure striatum, pedicelli biflori 22. N. Reinwar dtiana. III. Folia petiolata. 1. Costae peristomii tenues rumerosae. * Lamina elliptica apice attenuata 23. N. Copelandii. ** Lamina obovata v. oblongo-lanceolata, apice ± peltata 24. N. eustachya. 2. Costae peristomii magnae paucae in lamellas profundas productae. * Ascidium breve obovatum dt villosum . . . 25. N. villosa. ** Ascidium elongatum cylindricum, glabnim . 2 6- iV. Edwardsiana. ß. Nervi longitudinales laminae 5 — 6. I. Folia sessilia amplexicaulia non decurrentia. 1. Ascidia matura ventricosa , medio valde con- stricta. * Os ascidii ellipticum transversum, nervi oper- culi 3 — 4 27. N. ventricosa. ** Os ascidii ovatum obliquum, nervi operculi 6 — 7 28. N. Burkei. 2. Ascidia matura ampulliformia obconica v. cylin- drica, medio non vel leviter constricta. * Ascidia inferiora ampulliformia superiora cylin- drica, margo peristomii longe pectinatus; pedi- celli saepe biflori 29. N. melamphora. ** Ascidia obconica, margo peristomii pectinatus; pedicelli uniflori 30. N. Deaneana. *** Ascidia omnia dz cylindrica vel raro inferiora leviter ventricosa, margo peristomii breviter denticulatus. f Caulis pumilus, cylindricus, non scandens . 31. N. Älicae. ff Caulis elongatus trigonus scandens . . . 32. N. neglecta. II. Folia sessilia amplexicaulia ± decurrentia. 1 . Caulis trigonus vel triangulus , ascidium extus sub peristomio tomentosum; glandulae operculi paucae, rarius multae diffusae 33. N. gracilis. 2. Caulis trigono- cylindricus, ascidium extus sub Nepenthes. 29 peristomio ferrugineo-pubescens, glandulae oper- culi paucae 34. N. angustifolia. 3. Caulis cylindricus, ascidium extus sub peristomio glabrum, glandulae operculi multae diffusae . . 35. N. khasiana. III. Folia petiolata. i . Ascidia tubulosa glabra, peristomium cjlindricum in Collum non elongatum, margo intus polite denticulatus, ascidium intus usque medium vel sub medio glabrum dein glandulosum . . . . 36. N. tubulosa. 2. Ascidia subventricosa ad tubulosa, peristomium cylindricum pectinatum in Collum valde elonga- tum, margo intus pectinatus, ascidium ad me- dium vel sub medio glabrum dein glandu- losum 37. N. Hemsleyana. 3. Ascidia ventricosa ad infundibuliformia, peristo- mium latum intus inclinatum, in Collum valde elongatum, margo pectinatus, ascidium intus per quartam vel tertiam partem superiorem glabrum dein glandulosum 38. N. Rafflesiana. 4. Ascidia ventricosa, peristomium angustum cjlin- dricum, in collum non elongatum, ascidium in- tus per trientem superiorem glabrum dein glan- dulosum 39. N. Armbrustae. . Nervi longitudinales laminae 7 — 10. I. Ascidia omnia zb cylindrica vel superne cylindrica inferne leviter ventricosa. 1 . Folia non vel breviter decurrentia, ascidia viridia et albo-lineata, alae virides inferne angustatae superne ad nervös vel verlices reductae . . . 40. -ZV", albo-lineata. 2. Folia non decurrentia, ascidia viridia vel rubro- viridia, alae anguslae vel ad nervös prominentes reductae &\. N. phyllamphora. 3. Folia leviter decurrentia, ascidia viridia rubro- maculata, alae angustae non ciliatae, basi et apice angustatae 42. N. Moorei. 4. Folia non decurrentia, ascidia rubra, alae rubrae, inferne a basi medium versus ampliatae, dein ad os angustatae 43. N. Bemaysii. 5. Folia non vel breviter decurrentia, ascidia pur- pureo-rubra, alae ventrales rubrae, a basi ad os ± sinuosae 44. N. Jardinei. 6. Folia breviter decurrentia, ascidia rubro-viridia vel rubra, alae ventrales basim versus angustatae, os versus gradatim vel interrupte expansae et rfc ciliatae 45. N. Kennedyana. II. Ascidia inferiora ventricosa, superiora ventricosa ad infundibuliformia. \ . Folia petiolata non decurrentia. * Planta pumila non scandens, ascidia mono- morphia 46. N. Qarrawayae. ** Planta elongata, ascidia dimorphia . . . . 47. N. Beccariana. 2. Folia petiolata ± decurrentia. * Caulis brevis dense tomentosus, glandulae operculi paucae immersae, perithecioideae . 48. N. Rowanae. 30 J- M. Macfarlane. — Nepenthaceae. ** Caulis elongatus glaber, glandulae operculi copiosae emersae 49. N. Treubiana. III. Ascidia cylindrica, peristomium in series dentium duas dissectum 50. N. echinostoma. b. Operculum ascidii intus basi carina prominente, vel basi carina et apice processu instructum, vel medio ca- i'inatum. a. Operculum basi carina prominente instructum vel medio -carinatum. I. Caulis late alatus, acute triangulus 51. N. Burbidgei. II. Caulis leviter alatus, subtrigonus 52. N. Boschiana. III. Caulis non alatus, folia spiraliter posita, fere glabra. 53. N. alata. IV. Caulis non alatus, folia disticha villosa 54. N. Veitchii. V. Caulis non alatus, folia spiraliter posita fere glabra, carina levi in medio operculi 55. N. stenophylla. ß. Operculum basi in carinam prominentem et apice in processum attenuatum productum 56. N. maxima. c. Operculum ascidii intus setis multis dispersis instructum. a. Ascidium medio valde constrictum margine planum . 57. N. Lowii. ß. Ascidium medio non vel leviter constrictum, margine in peristomio formata 58. N. Macfarlanei. 1. N. Pervillei Blume, Mus. bot. lugd. batav. II. (1852) 10; Hook. f. in DC. Prodr. XVII. (1873) 92; Baker, Fl. Mauritius and Seych. (1877) 299; Dyer in Journ. of Bot. (1878) 103; Watson in Gard. Chron. s. 3. XX. (1896) 239; Hemsley in Cat. North GalL Kew, ed. 4. (1886) n. 468, 496; Macfarlane in Ann. of Bot. VII. (1893) 431, 443; G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gart. Zeitg. (1895) 226; Veitch in Journ. Boy. Hort. Soc. XXI. (1897) 237. — N. Wardii Wright in Trans. Boy. Irish Acad. XXIV. (1871) 576 t. 29 et. 30. — Planta prostrata ramis erectis, v. erecta breviter scandens foliis glabris terminata. Caulis prostratus v. suberectus, 0,5 — 1 m longus X 5 — 15 mm crassus, ramosus, inferne nudus; superne foliorum basibus viridibus v. marcescentibus dense obtectus, rami erecti 5 — 7 mm crassi, cylindrici, glabri, purpurei. Folia 10 — 30 cm longa X 3 — 1 2 cm lata, coriacea, sessilia, semiamplexicaulia, obovata v. spathulata, apice acuta v. obtusa, supra viridia, subtus ± rubra, glabra, nervi longitudinales utro- que latere 6, rarius 5, omnes a basi laminae Orientes vel paria duo intima a triente inferiore costae orientia, par intimum 6 — 10 mm, par secundum 9 — 15 mm, par tertium 12 — 18 mm, par quartum 14 — 20 mm, par quintum 15 — 22 mm, par sextum 16 usque 24 mm a costa remotum, nervi transversi 5 — 6 mm separati, paralleli, a costa crassa radiato-ascendentes ; cirrhus in foliis ascidiiferis 2 — 7 cm longus, in non-ascidiiferis 10 — 20 cm longus, sursum gradatim in basim ascidii ampliatus; ascidia 4 — 20 cm longa X 3 — 7 cm lata, dimorphia, inferiora inferne ± ventricosa, medio leviter con- stricta, os versus expansa, ascidia superiora infundibuliformia, juventute rufo-pubescentia demum glabra, zonis rufo-tomentosis sub peristomio exceptis, coriacea, purpureo-rubra vel rubro-viridia , alae ventrales evolutae aut ad nervös duos validos approximatos reductae, vel in nervo medio conjunctae, nervo medio superne sub peristomio in nervös laterales disperso, os obliquum; peristomium 4 — 8 mm latum, cylindricum, aequale, postice sub basi operculi non approximatum, crebre striatum, margine intus denticulatum ; operculum 3 — 7 cm latum, orbiculare, rubroviride v. rubrum, extus glabrum intus glan- dulis magnis immersis perithecioideis sparse punctatum, glandulae saepe deorsum con- tinuatae ab operculo per superficiem deducentem; calcar 3 — 5-fidum, rufo-pubescens; ascidium intus per quartana partem superiorem in ascidiis minoribus, v. per dimidium superius in ascidiis majoribus glauco-purpureum, opacum et deducens, inferne nitidum, detinens et glandulis multis discretis obsitum. Inflorescentia 25 — 35 cm longa; pedun- culus paniculae aequilongus dz ferrugineo-sericeus ; panicula triangula, rami laxi in cvmas Nepenthes. 31 5 — I 2-floras densas scorpioideas parvifloras terminantes. Sepala 4, rarius 3, ± patentia et basi connata, in floribus q1 oblonga-obtusa, in floribus Q deltoidea acuta v. obtusa, extus ferrugineo-sericea, intus glabra, glandulis parvis perithecioideis per basim connatam dispersis. Columna staminea sepalis brevior, glabra, antherae 8, uniseriatae. Ovarium glabrum, obpyramidatum 4 — 3-angulum, sligma medio depressum, 4 — 3-lobatum, intus stigmatosum. Capsula 4 0 — 12 mm longa, nitida, 4- v. 3-gona. Semina 4 mm longa, fusca, breviter appendiculata. Malagassisches Gebiet; Seychellen: Insel Mähe, 700 — 900 m (Perville n. 98!, Bouton, Blackburn!, Barkly!); Mähe, "not common, in wet places by the side of running water at an elevation of about 1500 feet" (Hörne n. 315!, n. 575!); Insel Silhouettes, auf dem Trois Freres Gebirge (Wright!); auf dem Gebirge (Hörne n. 576!) 2. N. madagascariensis Poiret, Encycl. meth. Bot. IV. (1797) 459; Willd. Spec. pl. IV. p. 2 (1805) 873; Brongn. in Ann. sc. nat. I. (1824) 45, t. 5 f. 2; Korth. Verh. Nat. Ges. Bot. (1839) 41; Spach, Hist. nat. veg. XIII. (1846) 325; Blume, Mus. bot. lugd. batav. II. (1852) 9; Morren in Belg. Hort. II. (1852) 229; Hook f. in DC. Prodr. XVII. (1873) 92; Masters in Gard. Chron. s. 2. XVI. (1881) 685 cum ic. xyl.; Scott-Elliott in Ann. of Bot. V. (1891) 376; G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gart. Zeitg. (1895) 226; Drake d. Castillo in Bot. Jahres. XXX. (1902) 547; Dubard in Bull. Mus. d' Hist. nat. XII. (1906) 62; Veitch, Hort. Veitchii (1906) 302. — Planta brevis erecta sub- scandens. Caulis 0,75 — 1 m altus X 7 — 13 mm crassus, cylindricus, juventute dense ferrugineo-pubescens, demum sparse pubescens v. glaber. Folia 12 — 30 cm longa X 3 — 8 cm lata, coriacea, petiolata; petiolus 2 — 5 cm longus, alatus, alae basi expansa decurrentes et fere ad nodum inferiorem attenuatae, superne in laminam gradatim ampliatae; lamina elliptica ovalis v. obovata, juvenilis ± fusco- v. ferrugineo-pilosa, adulta glabra, supra viridis subtus viridi-rubra v. rubra, nervi longitudinales in paria 7, rarius 8 v. 9 dispositi, paria 3 — 5 intima a medio v. versus basim costae orientia, par intimum 7 — 14 mm, par secundum 8 — 19 mm, par tertium 11 — 23 mm a costa remotum, paria reliqua proportione decrescenti, nervi transversi oblique ascendentes et reticulati; cirrhus 20 — 30 cm longus, plano-convexus, gradatim versus basim ascidii ampliatus; ascidia 10 — 15 cm longa X 3 — 5 cm lata, juventute ferrugineo-pilosa, demum sparse pilosa v. glabra, dimorphia, inferiora ampullacea v. subventricosa, rubra, alae ventrales a basi fere ad os late expansae, ciliatae, os obliquum ovatum vel subor- biculare, postice in Collum latum triangulum elongatum; peristomium 5 — 14 mm latum, cylindricum, crebre striatum, margine intus subtiliter dentatum; operculum 3 — 5 cm diametro, orbiculari-reniforme, extus ferrugineo-pubescens, intus glandulis paucis magnis circularibus a medio marginem versus minoribus obsitum; calcar 4 — 6 mm longum, obtusum, decurvatum; ascidium intus fere ad medium glauco-purpureum, opacum et deducens, inferne nitidum glandulosum et detinens; ascidia superiora infundibuliformia, rubro-viridia v. viridia, alae ventrales inferne angustae non ciliatae, superne ad nervös prominentes reductae, os transversum circulare postice non v. vix elongatum; peristomium parte postico-laterali dr expansum; ascidium intus superficie angusta superiore trian- gula glauco-purpurea, opaca, et deducente, inferne nitidum glandulosum et detinens. Inflorescentia 20 — 40 cm longa, paniculata; pedunculus 10 — 12 cm longus; panicula anguste triangula, ramis oblique ascendentibus, in cymas densas scorpioideas terminan- tibus; pedicelli et sepala ferrugineo-sericea. Sepala ovata, intus glandulis multis minutis obsita. Columna staminea glabra, sepalis brevior, antherae 1 0, convolutae, subbiseri- atae. Ovarium ovatum, 3 — 4-angulum, dense ferrugineo-sericeum ; stigma sessile 3 — 4- lobum, lobis profunde sulcatis. Capsula 13 — 15 mm longa, sparse sericea, nitida, ovata, valvis stigmatiferis triangulis bilobis, intus depressis. Semina 6 — 7 mm longa, brunnea. Malagassisches Gebiet; Madagaskar: Ohne genauen Standort (Commerson und Chapelier, Humblot n. 400!, Curtis!); Tani-fouci in der Prov. Be-tani-mena (Hilsenberg!); »Central Madagascar« (Baron n. 1707!, 2735!, 5979!); bei Fort Dauphin »peaty soil and sandy, sometimes in marshes« (Scott Elliott n. 2302!) Einheim. Namen: Kapok, Ponga, Amramatico (Spach). 32 J. M. Macfarlane. — Nepenthaceae. Nota. Var. macrocarpa Scott Elliott a typo differt solum carpellis majoribus. — Var. eylindrica Dubard (op. cit.) est forma typica ascidiis inter inferiora et superiora medium tenentibus. Fig. \ 3. Nepenthes ampullaria Jack. A Ascidia e surculo brevi ramuli prostrati orientia, a ascid. nondum apertum, b folium juvenile cum ascidio rudimentario c. B Folium ramuli scan- dentis. C Pars inflorescentiae <5, C1 flos 5. D Pars infloresc. Q, D1 flos Q. E Capsulae et semina. (Icon. origin.) Nepenthes. 33 3. N. ampullaria Jack in Comp. Bot. Mag. I. (1835) 271; Korthals, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. (1839) 39, t. 13; Lambert, Pinus II. (1837) app. t. 8; Spach, Hist. nat. veg. XIII. (1846) 325; Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. (1859) t. 5109; Hook. f. in DC. Prodr. XVII. (1873) 93; Andre in 111. Hort. XXIV. (1877) 45, t. 272; Planchon in Fl. des serres XXII. (1877) t. 2325; Burbidge, Gard. of Sun (1880) 40; Beccari, Malesia III. (1886) 8; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. V. (1890) 69. — N. ampullacea Low, Sarawak (1848) 69; Blume, Mus. bot. lugd. bat. II. (1852) 9; Miquel, Fl. Ind. bat. I. p. 1. (1855) 1076, Suppl. 151, 366; Morren in Belg. Hort. II. (1852) 226. — Planta robusta, alte scan- dens vel prostrata et in laetamine silvarum radicans. Caulis 12 — 20 m altus X 8 — 12 mm crassus, juventute ferrugineo-tomentosus, demum glaber, internodiis elon- gatis vel in ramis prostratis suppressis. Bami prostrati breves vel elongati, saepe copiose radicantes et surculos laterales breves gerentes foliis dense aggregatis et reductis, ascidia magna fasciculata producentibus; rami scandentes foliis magnis in ascidia reducta termi- nantibus instructi. Folia ramorum prostratorum 3—12 cm longa X 0,5 — 1,5 cm lata, sub-coriacea, ad J/2 ve^ 2A amplexicaulia; petiolus brevis v. nullus, lamina reducta, cirrhus 1 — 5 cm longus brevis curvatus, ascidium 3 — 10 cm longum X 2 — 6 cm latum, globosum ad subovatum, pallido-viride ad purpureo-viride, plerumque maculis purpureis ornatum, alae ventrales amplae, herbaceae, fusco-ciliatae, ciliis in series duas divergen- tibus, os transversum v. leviter obliquum fere circulare; peristomium 5 — 15 mm latum, extus angustum et recurvatum, intus profundum et oblique inclinatum, anguste striatum; operculum 1,5 — 4 cm longum X 1 — 2 cm latum, erectum v. reflexum, oblongo-lanceo- latum, glandulae rarissimae v. plerumque nullae; calcar 3 — 7-fidum v. ciliatum; ascidium intus superne superficie angusta opaca haud efficaci deducente, inferne glandulosum et detinens. Folia ramorum scandentium 12 — 35 cm longa X 4 — 9 cm lata, sub-coriacea; petiolus 2 — 5 cm longus, alatus, semi-amplexicaulis, gradatim in laminam ampliatus; lamina lanceolata usque ovalis vel obovata, ferrugineo-tomentosa demum supra glabra subtus pubescens, nervi longitudinales in paria 4, rarras 3 dispositi, par intimum 15 — 25 mm, par secundum 18 — 34 mm, par tertium 20 — 40 mm, par quartum 22 — 42 mm a costa remotum, nervi transversi oblique ascendentes paralleli, 2 — 4 mm inter sese separati; cirrhus 5 — 8 cm longus, ferrugineo-hirsutus ; ascidia 3 — 5 cm longa X 2 — 3 cm lata, cylindrica ad infundibuliformia, ceterum ascidiis inferioribus similia at omnibus partibus minora. Inflorescentia 15 — 35 cm longa, robusta, pyramidata, ferrugineo- tomentosa; pedunculus 4 — 7 cm longus; pedicelli inferiores saepe bracteolati, in cymas scorpioideas 2 — 5-floras terminantes, superiores uniflori, omnes ferrugineo-tomentosi. Sepala 4, ovato-oblonga, exteriora majora, extus tomentosa, intus luteo-viridia et glan- dulosa; glandulae parvae, copiosae. Columna staminea glabra, sepalis brevior; antherae 8 — 12, uniseriatae v. subbiseriatae. Ovarium tetragonum, ovoideum, fusco-pubescens; lobi stigmatici trianguläres. Capsula 2,5 — 3 cm longa, angusta, dts pubescens. Semina 12 — 15 mm longa. — Fig. 13. Von der Malayischen Halbinsel bis Neu -Guinea verbreitet, wächst an sumpfigen Stellen, kommt oft längs der Meeresküste vor, oder steigt bis zu einer Höhe von 1200m hinauf, häufig in die Kronen von Palmen oder anderen Bäumen kletternd. Jack's Form ist als N. ampullaria var. vittata major bei den Gärtnern bekannt; diese Form geht allmählich [N. ampullaria var. vittata in 111. Hort. XXIV. (1877) 272] in die grüne Form mit kleineren Krügen über, die gewöhnlich kultiviert wird. Monsungebiet, S.W. Malayische Provinz; Malakka: Paddam Bhatoo und Ayer Punnas bei Malakka (Cuming!, Griffith!); bei Johore (Burbidge); Singapore (Jack!, Wallich n. 2243!, Maingay n. 1 322!); Bhio, auf der Insel Bintang (Jack!, Wallich!); Larut in Perak (Kunstler n. 41 48!, n. 622 2!, n. 19 43!, n. 4087!; Wray n. 1794!, n. 600 !). Sumatra: Küste bei Siboga (Teysmann); Westküste (Korthals!); Padangsche Boovenlanden' (Burck n. 2l!). Borneo: Ohne genauen Standort (Teysmann!, Barber n. 372!); bei Sarawak (Teysmann!, Low!, Motley!); Sintang (Teysmann!); Kapuas in der Prov. Pon- tianak (Teysmann!); Labuan (Burbidge!); Kina Balu (Whitehead). A. Engler, Das Tflanzenreich. IV. (Embryophyta siphonogama) 111. 3 34 J« M. Macfarlane. — Nepenthaccae. Neu-Guinea: Yanape Valley (Guilianetti und English!). Einheim. Name: Ketakong-betoel (Filet, Plantkundig Woordenboek). Var. ß. longiearpa Beccari, Malesia III. (1886) 8. — »A forma typica differt columna staminea graciliore et longiore, capsulis magis elongatis (4 cm), stigmatis lobis minus crassis, punctiformibus, rotundaüs, parum obliquis. « Neu-Guinea: Bei Ramoi (Beccari!). Var. y. Geelvinkiana Beccari 1. c. — »Capsulis 3 cm longis, stigmatis lobis angustis superficialiter bidentatis. « Neu-Guinea: Geelvink Bay (Beccari!). 4. N. Hookeriana Lindley in Gard. Cbron. (1848) 87;? Low, Sarawak (1848) 68; Masters in Gard. Chron. II. (1881) 812 Fig. 157, 813, Gard. Chron. s. 3. XII. (189 2) 561 et icon. 557; Hemsley in Garden LXVII. (1905) 269. — N. Loddigesii Baxter in Loud. Hort. Brit. Suppl. III. (1850) 593. — N. Hookeri Alphand, Prom. de Paris, icon. tantum; Macfarlane in Ann. of Bot. VII. (1893) 421. — N. Rafflesiana ex parte, Hook. f. in DC. Prodr. XVII. (1873) 96; Rodigas in 111. Hort. XLI. (1894) 142; Gentil in Sem. Hort. I. 57; G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gart. Zeitg. (1895) 147; Miller in Cycl. Amer. Hort. III. (1901) 1073; Veitch, Hort. Veitchii (1906) 483. — Planta robusta, alte scandens. Caulis 15 — 18 m altus X 8 — 13 mm crassus, ramosus, cylindricus, juventute dense fulvo-pubescens, demum subglaber, gemmae latentes dense pubescentes. Folia 25 — 60 cm longa X 6 — 10 cm lata, subcoriacea, petiolata; petiolus 5 — 13 cm longus, late alatus, amplexicaulis, basi ad 1 — 2,5 cm decurrens; lamina lucido-viridis, elliptico-lanceolata, in cirrhum aliquanto abrupte attenuata, supra sparse cinereo-pubes- cens costis fulvo-puberulis, subtus fulvo-pubescens, margo juventute dense pubescens demum glaber, nervi longitudinales in paria 5 dispositi, par intimum 15 — 25 mm, par secundum 20 — 33 mm, par tertium 23 — 38 mm, par quartum 26 — 43 mm, par quintum 28 — 40 mm a costa remotum, nervi transversi radiantes, versus costam angulum fere rectum formantes, paralleli, 3 — 6 mm distantes; cirrhus 2 0 — 40 cm longus, cylindricus, aequalis vel basim ascidii versus =b ampliatus, fulvo-pubescens demum glaber; ascidia 5 — 15 cm longa X 3 — 8 cm lata, dimorphia, inferiora ovata vel subglobosa, sparse rufo-pubescentia, pallido-viridia, diffuse purpureo-maculata et marmorata, alae ventrales late expansae, divergentes, basim versus latissimae, os versus zb angustatae, ciliatae, ciliae subbiseriatae, os circulare v. subovatum; peristomium 10 — 15 mm latum extus crebre recurvatum intus amplum et oblique descendens, margo dentatus, superficie distincte striata, viride v. rb purpureo-striatum , postice non vel vix elevatum; operculum 3 — 4 cm longum X 2 — 3 cm latum, rectum v. ± inclinatum, ovale v. ovatum, ut ascidium coloratum, extus sparse rufo- et cinereo-pubescens, intus sparse glandulosum, glandulae in series duas utroque latere lineae mediae dispositae; calcar 10 — 1 5 mm longum, fili- forme, recurvatum, dense rufo-tomentosum ; ascidia superiora infundibuliformia, alae angustae non ciliatae vel ad nervös prominentes reductae, os obliquum, postice in Collum 15 — 20 mm altum elongatum; peristomium 6 — 10 mm latum, postice elongatum am- pliatum ± decurvatum et margin e interiore pectinatum. Inflorescentia 30 — 40 cm longa; pedunculus 10 — 15 cm longus, juventute dense rufo-tomentosus demum subglaber, racemus subpaniculatus ; pedicelli 10 — 20 mm longi, tomentosi, saepe bracteolati, basi 3- v. 2-flori, apicem versus uniflori. Sepala ovata v. elliptica, extus tomentosa, intus glandulis minutis adspersa. Columna staminea sepalis aequalis, glabra; antherae I 4 — 1 6 irregulariter biseriatae v. series altera inferior e antheris circ. 1 2 composita cylin- drica, series altera superior e anther. 4 — 6 composita transverse posita. Ovarium rufo- tomentosum, ovatum; stigma peltatum purpureum, 4-lobatum. Capsula et semina ignota. 5. W. Malayische Provinz; Borneo: Ohne Standort (de Vriese-Teysmann!); Sarawak (Low!); Berg Lambir bei Sarawak (Hose!). Bangka: Ohne genauen Standort (Horsfield!, Kurz n. 1460!) Nota. Haec forma valde distincta et frequenter culta adhuc cum N. Rafflesiana con- jungi solet a qua multis notis gravibus differt. Cum planta pluribus illorum locorum supra Nepenthes. 35 nominatorum statu haud culto occurrat, auctor eam Interim pro specie propria habet, dum experimentis institutis de illius plantae positione accuratius judicari possit. Investigationibus macroscopicis et microscopicis auctori persuasum est, N. Hookerianam esse hybrid am inter N. Rafflesianam et ampullariam. 5. N. bicalcarata Hook. f. in DC. Prodr. XVII. (1873) 97; Burbidge, Gard. of Sun (1880) 126, 3 41 cum ic. xyl.; Masters in Gard. Chron. s. 2. XIII. (1880)200 et icon. 201 ; Burbidge op. cit. 264; Broome op. cit. XX (1883) 472; 111. Hort. XXVIII. 408; Burbidge in Garden XVII. (1880) 542; Beccari, Malesia II. (1886) 231, 111.(1886) 4; Goebel, Pflanzenbiol. Schild. II. (1891) 106; Macfarlane in Ann. of Bot. VII. (1893) 429, 430, 443; G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gart. Zeitg. (1895) 149; Burbidge in Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. XXI. (1897) 259; E. B. B. in Gartenwelt X. 241. — N. Dyafc Moore in Journ. of Bot. XVIII. (1880) 1 t. 206. — Planta robustissima generis, alte scandens, luteo-viridis usque smaragdino-viridis. Caulis 10 — 15 m longus X 20 — 30 mm crassus, cylindricus, glaber, superne basibus amplexicaulibus foliorum obtectus, inferne brunneus et cicatricibus irre- gularibus foliorum notatus. Folia 50 — 120 cm longa X 10 — 15 cm lata, coriacea, longe petiolata; petiolus 5 — 15 cm longus, alatusj alae oblique v. sursum applicatae, basi dila- tata, ad 3/4 — 7/s aniplexicaulis, dein medium versus angustata, superne in laminam gradatim ampliata, lateribus ± glanduloso-tubercülata; lamina elliptica usque obovata, apice abrupte rotundata et peltata, costa subtus valde prominente, glabra, punctata, subtus zh glandulosa allectans, nervi longitudinales in paria 8 — 14 dispositi, omnes a basi folii Orientes, par intimum 20 — 25 mm, par secundum 35 — 45 mm, par tertium 47 — 60 mm a costa remotum, paria cetera proportione gradatim decrescente, nervi transversi multi, radiantes v. ascendentes paralleli, 2 — 3 mm distantes; cirrhus 25 — 50 cm longus, infra aequalis, ascidii altitudine in aream tumidam saepissime fistulosam myrmecophilam 6 — 20 mm crassam ampliatus, dein versus basim ascidii angustatus, superficies saepe glandulis allectantibus prominentibus tuberculata; ascidia dimorphia, juventute Ieviter ferrugineo-tomentosa demum glabra, dz nitida, coriacea, luteo-viridia usque puniceo-rubra ; ascidia inferiora 8 — 20 cm longa X 5 — 10 cm lata, subovata, saepe punicea v. puniceo-viridia, alae ventrales late discretae, ample expansae diver- gentes marginibus ciliatis, sursum zt angustatae ; ascidia superiora ampulliformia ad infundibuliformia, alae [ventrales ± angustatae, non ciliatae; os circulare postice in collum altum prolongatum; peristomium 10 — 20 mm latum, aequale, extus revolutum, intus oblique inclinatum, crebre striatum, et margine serrulatum, postice in lamellas parallelas subpectinatas 2 — 5 cm longas elongatum, lamellarum apices antice in calcaria duo 2 — 4 cm longa decurvata produeti; operculum 3 — 7 cm latum, cordatum ad reni- forme, extus puberulum ad glabrum, intus glandulis multis minutis fere aequalibus dis- persis obdtum, rarissime basi in calcar tertium medium aut carinam produetum; calcar 6 — 1 5 mm longum, cylindricum, tomentosum, ex collo 8 — 1 5 mm sub operculo divergens; aseidium intus explicatum, opacum »deducens« ad 8 — 15 mm sub peristomio, inferne nitidum glandulosum detinens, glandulae circulares subsessiles. Inflorescentia 70 — 1 00 cm longa; pedunculus 8 — 12 mm crassus, rh glanduloso-tuberculatus ; panicula mascula laxe divergens, rami multi elongati simplices radiantes v. ascendentes et in cymas scor- pioideas 3 — 1 2-floras terminantes. Sepala 4 in paribus inaequalibus (par externum minus quam internum), ohovata, intus minute glandulosa. Columna staminea quam sepala brevior, robusta, glabra ; antherae 00, biseriatae, convolutae. Panicula feminea e ramis multis in cymas 1 — 3-floras terminantibus composita. Sepala ovalia, minute glandulosa. Ovarium dense pubescens, lobi stigmatum 4, radiantes, recurvati. Capsula 1 2 mm longa, Ieviter stellato-puberula, valvae lanceolatae stigmatibus recurvatis coronatae. — Fig. 1 4. 5. W. Malayische Provinz; Borneo: Lawas Fluss (Low!, Burbidge!): Lawas Fluss bei Sintang (Teysmann n. 10957 u. 11161; Herb. hört. bot. Bog.!): Undup in Prov. Batang-Lupar (Teysmann!, Beccari!); N. W. Borneo (Teuscher n. 33!); auf dem Berg Lambir bei Sarawak (Hose!). 6. N. distillatoria L. Spec. pl. (1753) 955, et Fl. zeyl. (1748) 321; N. L. Burman, Fl. ind. (1768) 190; Gaertn. de Fruct. II. (1791) 18 t. 83; Wühl. spec. pl. 3* 3G J. M. Macfarlane. — Nepenthaceae. Fig. 14. Nepenthes bicalcarata Hook. f. A Folium cum ascidio, a glandula. B Ascid. et cirrhi apex long, secta, a cavitas in parte cirrhi incrassata. C Inflorescentiae pars. D Flos <$. E Flos Q, F Fructus. (A, D — F Icon. orig., reliq. sec. Beccari.) Nepenthes. 37 IV. p. 2 (1805)873; Korth. Verh. Nat. Ges. Bot. (1839) 42: Loddiges, Bot. Cab. XI ( 1825) 4 017; Spach, Hist. nat. veg. X. (4 844) 571; Blume, Mus. bot. lugd. bat. II. (4 852) 6; Thwaites, Enum. (1864) 290; Hook. f. in DC. Prodr. XVII. (1873) 93; Faivre in Compt. Bend. LXXX1II. (1876) H55; Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. V. (1890) 68; Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon III. (1895) 420; G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gart. Zeitg. (1895)225. — N. indica Poir. in Encycl. Meth. Bot. IV. (1797) 458; Brongn. in Ann. sc. nat. I. (182 4) 43; Spacb, Hist. nat. veg. XIII. (1846) 323. — N. Zeylanica Baf. Fl. Teil. IV. (1836) 101. — N. hirsuta var. glabrescens Smith in Gard. Chron. I. (1882) 398, 399 f. 59. — N. rubra Nicholson, Dict. of Gard. IV. (1886) 439. — N. Zeylanica var. rubra G. Beck 1. c. 226. — N. Smithii G. Beck 1. c. 188. — N. speciosa Hort, ex G. Beck 1. c. 226; non N. distillatoria Jack in Comp. Bot. Mag. I. (1835) 271 quae? N. gracilis est; nee N. distillatoria Graham in Edinb. N. Phil. Journ. III. (1827) 371, et in Bot. Mag. LV. (1828) 2798 quae N. khasiana sunt; nee N. distillatoria Steud. Nom. ed 2. II. (1841) 190 et Macgillivray, Voy. H. M. S. Battle. I. (1852) 210 quae N. phyllamphora sunt. — Planta alta, scandens, lucido-viridis. Caulis 10 — 15 m altus X 6 — 10 mm crassus, subeylindricus, juventute fusco-punetatus demum glaber, inter- nodiis inferne brevibus, superne elongatis. Folia 15 — 35 cm longa X 3 — 6 cm lata, herbacea v. subcoriacea, petiolata; petiolus 4 — 6 cm longus, late alatus, basi semiam- plexicaulis, non v. leviter decurrens; lamina elliptico-lanceolata, supra et subtus glabra et fusco-punetata marginibus costa et apice exceptis, quae db albido-pubescentes sunt, costa subtus prominens, nervi longitudinales in paria 5 rarius 6 dispositi, omnia altitu- dine diversa infra medium costae orientia, par intimum 7 — 11 mm, par seeundum 13 — 1 8 mm, par tertium 1 5 — 1 9 mm, par quartum 1 7 — 2 I mm, par quintum 1 8 — 22,5 mm a costa remotum, nervi transversi oblique ascendentes reticulati, primus quisque aut seeundus brevior, cum longiore ad marginem excurrente alternans; cirrhus 8 — 20 cm longus , gracilis, supra planus v. sulcatus, fulvo- v. albido-puberulus usque glaber, in basim recurvatam aseidii aliquanto abrupte ampliatus; aseidia 6 — 15 cm longa X 2 — 4 cm lata, dimorphia, pallido-viridia usque rubra, puberula demum glabra, juventute cinetu tomentoso sub peristomio; aseidia inferiora tubuloso-ventricosa, alae ventrales inferne ampliatae, sursum ± angustatae, marginibus ciliatis, os transversum v. leviter obliquum; aseidia superiora cylindrica, alae ventrales ad nervös prominentes reduetae, os obliquum, postice in Collum breve elongatum; peristomium 2 — 4 mm latum, cylindricum, graciliter striatum; operculum 1,5 — 3 cm diametro, cordato-orbiculare , extus fulvo-tomentellum demum glabrum, intus glandulosum, glandulae per medium paucae, magnae, rubro- virides, margines versus gradatim minores; calcar 2 — 3 mm longum, planum, pubes- cens, saepe 2 — 3-fidum; aseidium intus per dimidium superius glaueo-viride ad rubrum, opacum et deducens, inferne viride nitidum dense glandulosum et detinens. Inflores- centia 25 — (30 cm longa; pedunculus 8 — 20 cm longus, albido-pubescens demum glaber; panicula laxa ramosa in cymas scorpioideas 2 — 5-floras terminans; pedicelli dense albido-pubescentes. Flores 6 — 7 mm diametro, viridi-lutei. Sepala 4 extus pubescentia, intus glandulis multis minutis obsita. Columna staminea sepalis brevior, glabra, crassa; antherae 6 — 8 uniseriatae. Ovarium sessile, albido-pubescens. Capsula 12 — 16 mm longa X 6 mm lata, brunneo-nitida, puberula, valvae ovales in lobos stigmaticos latos truncatos terminantes. Semina 7 — 10 mm longa. — Fig. 10. Ceylon: Vom Meeresstrande bis zu 650 m Höhe verbreitet. — Bei Colombo (Grimm, Hermann, Burman n. 122!, Wichura n. 2682, Trimen); ohne Standort (Wright n. 2508!, J. Fräser n. 109!, Macrae n. 258!, Cuming n. 262!, Walker!, Beccarü). Einheim. Name: Bandura-wel (Trimen). 7. N. albo-marginata Lobb in Gard. Chron. (1849) 580; Hook. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XXII. (1859) 422 t. 73; Spencer St. John, Life For. Far East I. (1862) 323; Masters in Gard. Chron. (1872) 542; Hook. f. in DC. Prodr. XVII. (1873) 102; Planchon in Fl. d. serres XXII. '-(1 877) 165, t. 2343—2344; Burbidge in Garden XVI. (1880) 542 et icon. col; Beccari, Malesia III. (1886) 13; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. V. (1890) 38 J. M. Macfarlane. - — Nepenthaceae. 70: G. Beck in Wien.' 111. Gart. Zeitg. (1895) 190. — N. tomentella Miq. Fl. Ind. bat. I. p. 1. (1855) 1075, et 111. Fl. Archip. ind. (1871) 5. — N. Teysmanniana Miq. (in Herb. Acad. Rheno-Traiect. n. 530) in parte, et Fl. Ind. bat. I. p. 1. (18 55) 1073. — Planta gracilis, elongata, scandens. Caulis 5 — 10m altus X 3 — 7 mm crassus, subcylindricus usque obtuse trigonus, rarius deorsum basibus foliorum decurren- tibus leviter jugosus, juventute derise albido- ad fusco- et stellato- pubescens, demum subpubescens usque glaber, internodia supra elongata ad 3 — 8 cm longa, infra ± reducta. Folia 10 — 30 cm longa X 1,5 — 4 cm lata, herbacea ad coriacea, subpetiolata v. in basim ad, 2/3 amplexicaulem brevissime decurrentem gradatim angustata, elliptico-lanceo- lata, apice obtusa v. in cirrhum attenuata, supra sparse stellato-pubescentia demum glabra, infra fusco-pubescentia vel glabra et punctata, margine graciliter ciliata, in sicco valde revoluta, nervi longitudinales in duo paria dispositi, obscuri, par intimum 7 — 12 mm, par secundum 8 — 14 mm a costa remotum, nervi transversi pauci irregulariter ascendentes et reticulati; cirrhus saepe brevis non ascidiiferus v. 5 — 15 cm longus et abrupte in basim recurvatam ascidii ampliatus; ascidia 5 — 15 cm longa X 1,5 — 3 cm lata, subdimorphia; inferiora cylindrico-ventricosa, alis ventralibus expansis ciliatis, sur- sum in fronte peristomii prolongatis; superiora tubulosa, alis ventralibus angustis non ciliatis v. ad nervös prominentes reductis, ± albido- et stellato-tomentosa, sub peri- stomio zona densa albido-tomentosa instructa, viridi- et purpureo-striata usque diffusa v. tota purpurea, os leviter obliquum, postice in Collum breve triangulum elongatum; peristomium 3 — 4 mm latum, cylindricum, aequale, breviter sed anguste striatum, pur- pureo-viride ad purpureum; operculum 1,5 — 2,5 cm latum, ovatum ad orbiculare, extus viride v. albido-viride et purpureo-maculatum, intus glandulosum, glandulae magnitudine a basi ad marginem gradatim reductae; calcar 5 — 8 mm longum, simplex filiforme v. 2 — 3-fidum, pubescens ; ascidium intus inconstans ab 1/8 ad y2 altitudinis glaucum opacum et deducens, infra glandulosum et detinens. Inflorescentia 20 — 35 cm longa, gracilis, laxiflora; pedunculus stellato-tomentosus, demum subglaber; pedicelli 1 — 3 cm longi, inferne 2- rarius 3-flori, superne 1-flori, fusco-tomentosi. Sepala oblonga, extus fusco-tomentosa, intus glandulosa, glandulae 10 — 15. Columna staminea sepalis aequalis, tomentosa; antherae 8 — 12, — contorlae, uniseriatae. Ovarium ferrugineo-tomentosum. Capsula 2,5 — 3 cm longa, sparse ferrugineo-puberula, valvae ad apicem attenuatae, truncatae. Semina 1 2 mm longa, testa circum embryonem transverse undulata. S.W. Malayische Provinz; Malakka: Bei Perak (Kings Coli. n. 2022!); auf dem Berg Ophir (Hullett!, Lobb!, Whitehead); bei Singapore (Wallich n. 2244!, Lobb!, Walker n. 13!, Hullett n. 163). Sumatra: Ufer bei Siboga (Teysmann n. 530 ! ex herb. Blume in Herb. Acad. Rheno-Traiect. sub nom. N. Teysmanniana, Teysmann n. 537! ex herb. Blume in Herb. Acad. Rheno-Traiect. sub nom. N. tomentella Miq.); Inseln bei Siboga (Micholitz). Borneo: Auf dem Berg Mattang (Beccarü); Piningiao (Beccari); auf dem Berg Peneyn (Teysmann n. 10967 in Herb. Hort. Bot. Bog.); auf dem Berg Bongsch (Haviland und Hose n. 3303!). Var. ß villosa Hook. f. in DC. Prodr. XVII. (1873) 103. — Caulis dense hispido- setosus, folia juvenilia subtus ferrugineo-villosa, ascidia ampulliformia, albida. Borneo: Ufer bei dem Fluss Lokotan und Tangong-poe. Var. y rubra Macfarlane var. nov. — Folia et ascidia rubro-purpurea, dense albido-tomentosa v. subglabra. Ohne genauen einheimischen Standort; kultiviert im botanischen Garten unter dem Namen N. albo-eineta var. rubra. 7*. N. gracillima Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXVIII. (1908) 320. — Planta gracilis scandens. Caulis 0,5 m et ultra altus X 2 — 2,5 mm crassus, gracillimus, tri- gono-cylindricus, glaber. Folia 5 — 10 cm longa X 1 — 1,5 cm lata, sessilia ad 1/2 — % amplexicaulia, coriacea, lanceolata, lamina basim versus gradatim angustata ad apicem in cirrhum attenuata v. rarissime leviter peltata, super et subtus glabra v. axillis sparse Nepenthes. 3$ pubescentia, nervi longitudinales in paria 3 dispositi, par intimura 4,5 — 5 mm, par secundum 5,5 — 6 mm, par tertium 6 — 7 mm a costa remotum, nervi transversi irregulariter reticulati; cirrhus basi gracillimus ascidium versus gradatim amplialus, glaber; ascidia 5 — 10 cm longa X I — 1,5 cm lata, monomorphia (ut notata), sub- cylindrica medium versus leviter expansa, sparse pubescentia ad glabra sub peri- stomio zona densa brunneo (in sicco)-tomentosa instructa, pallido-viridia et longitudina- liter dr copiose purpureo-areolata, alae ventrales in nervös reductae rarius os versus leviter expansae et sparse ciliatae, os obliquum postice in collum triangulum elongatum ; peristomium 2 — 3 mm latum cylindricum aequale, postice in collum 5 — 10 mm altum elongatum, ut in N. Reinwardtiana obscure striatum, pallido-viride et rubro-striatum ; operculum 1 — 1,5 cm latum, late ovatum, ut ascidio coloratum, extus et intus sparse pubescens, intus glandulis magnis circularibus v. ovalibus ± onustum; calcar 2 — 3 mm longum, planum recurvatum pubescens; ascidium intus per dimidium superius glauco- purpureum et deducens, dein nitidum glandulosum, glandulae superne immersae inlerne ± expositae. Inflorescentia 12 — 20 cm longa; pedunculus quam racemus longior; racemus laxiflorus; pedicelli uniflori graciles rh pubescentes, sub medio bracteolati. Sepala ovalia, extus et per basim et marginem intus dense tomentosa, intus apicem versus minute glandulosa. Columna staminea sepalis aequilonga, basi pubescens superne glabra; antherae 6 — 8 uniseriatae. Flores Q ignotae. Capsula 14 — 15 mm longa, fusiformia, valvae lanceolatae sparse pubescentes lobis stigrnatibus triangulis depressis coronatae. Malayische Halbinsel: Auf dem Berg Gunong-Tahan im Staate Pahang, 1000 m (Robinson-Wray n. 5309!). Nota. Species valde afßnis N. albo-marginatae. 8. N. anamensis Macfarlane n. sp. — Planta gracilis scandens. Caulis 2 dm et ultra longus X 3 — 4 mm crassus, cylindricus, juventute fulvo- pubescens demum glaber, punctatus, pallido-viridis v. viridis et purpureo-maculatus. Folia 12 — 2 0 cm longa X 2,5 — 3 cm lata, subcoriacea, sessilia v. subpetiolata, basi ad 2/3 — 3A aniplexicauli, oblique inserta, leviter decurrente, superne gradatim in laminam lanceolatam ampliata, apice in cirrhum longe attenuata, costa supra luteo-viridis v. purpureo-viridis et sparse pubescens, infra fusco-pubescens demum punctata, nervi longitudinales in paria 3 — 4 dispositi, par intimum 5 — 7 mm a costa remotum et oblique ab ea juxta v. infra medium oriens, par secundum 2 mm ab intimo remotum et fere a basi costae oriens, par tertium 1 — 1,5 mm a secundo, par quartum 0,5 — 1 mm a tertio remotum, nervi transversi oblique ascendentes et reticulati; cirrhus 5 — 10 cm longus, supra concavus et pubescens, infra sparse pubescens demum punctatus, abrupte in basim ascidii am- pliatus; ascidia 6 — 8 cm longa X 2 — 2,5 cm lata, dimorphia; inferiora ampulliformia supra medium leviter contracta, minute pubescentia, zona dense tomentosa sub peri- stomio instructa, alae ventrales 3 — 4 mm latae, aequales, fere a basi ad os prolongatae, longe ciliatae, os circulare ad subovatum, postice in collum breviter elongatum; peri- stomium 1,5 — 2 mm latum, cylindricum, oblique striatum, Striae tenues breves; oper- culum ovale ad ovato-cordatum, extus pubescens et punctatum, circum marginem inte- riorem dense tomentosum, intus glandulosum, glandulae parvae discretae nisi marginem versus; calcar 2 — 2,5 mm longum, recurvatum; ascidii superficies infra pallido-viridis usque purpureo-viridis, viridi-purpurea usque purpurea per partem superiorem, alas et operculum; ascidium intus per dimidium superius glauco-purpureum, opacum, deducens, per inferius viridi-luteum nitidum glandulosum et detinens, glandulae aliquanto discretae, profunde immersae; ascidia superiora cylindrica, alae ventrales latae v. anguste expansae v. ad nervös longitudinales non ciliatos reductae, peristomium 4 — 5 mm latum, purpureo- viride ad viride, aliomodo ac ascidia inferiora. Flores et fructus ignoti. Hinterindisch-ostasiatische Provinz; Anam: Lang Bean, 1500 m (Micho- litz!). Nota. Exemplaria hujus speciei novae a cl. W. Micholitz anno 1903 lecta et ad cl. Sander missa sunt, qui ea Herbario Kewensi donavit anno 1905. Characteribus foliorum haec 40 J. M. Macfarlane. — Nepenthaceae. species valde affinis est N. distillatoriae; forsan haec positio e floribus adhuc nondum notis serius affirmari potest. 9. N. Smilesii Hemsley in Kew Bull. (1895) 116. — Planta brevis erecta non scandens. Caulis brevis 2 dm et ultra allus, basibus foliorum dense circumdatus. Folia 8 — 15 cm longa X 1,5 — 2 cm lata, herbacea, sessilia, lineari-lanceolata, basi ad 1/2 — 2/3 amplexicaulia, basim versus leviter angustata, apice in cirrhum attenuata, juvenilia ± pubescentia, margine ciliata, nervi longitudinales in paria 3 rarius 4 dispositi, par in- timum 3 — 4 mm a costa remotum et a ea v. versus medium costae oriens, par secundum 5 — 7 mm a costa remotum et a quarta parte inferiore costae oriens, par tertium 6 — 8,5 mm, par quartum 7 — 10 mm a costa remotum, utrumque a basi folii oriens, nervi transversi irregulariter et oblique ascendentes; cirrhus 2 — 5 cm longus, puberulus v. glaber, aequalis, in basim ascidii abrupte expansus; ascidium 6 — 10 cm longum X 1,5 — 2 cm latum, cylindrico-ventricosum v. cylindricum, viride, juventute dense fusco- pubescens demum fere glabrum, alae ventrales aliquanto approximatae, angustae, ciliatae, os ovatum obliquum; peristomium cylindricum rubrum, crebre striatum, margine interiore leviter serratum; operculum 1,5 — 2 cm latum, ovatum v. orbiculare, rubrum, extus dz puberulum, intus glandulis multis parvis similibus obsitum. Inflorescentia 25 cm longa; pedunculus striatus puberulus; racemus simplex; pedicelli breves uniflori. Sepala ovalia. Antherae 8 uniseriatae. Flores pistilliferi et fructus ignoti. Hinterindisch-ostasiatische Provinz; Siam: In der nördlichen Region "on grass lands on the ground at ßaw Saw, Kawng (Smiles!)". 10. N. Cholmondeleyi F. M. Bailey in Queensl. Agric. Journ. VII. (1900) 441 pl. 59. — Planta nana erecta, non scandens. Caulis inferne repens, ± nodosus, superne 12 — 15 cm longus X 3 — 4 mm latus, foliorum basibus imbricatis dense circumdatus. Folia 3 — 6 cm longa X 0,5 — 1 cm lata, lanceolata, sessilia, ad */j — 2/3 amplexicaulia, sparse pubescentia, marginibus ciliato-dentatis, nervi longitudinales in paria 4 v. 3 dis- positi, par intimum 1,5 — 2 mm, par secundum 2,5 — 3 mm, par tertium 3 — 4 mm a costa remotum; cirrhus 0 v. ad 4 cm longus, tenuis, a basi ad apicem aequalis; ascidia 2 — 3 cm longa X 0,75 — 1 cm lata, cylindrica, inferne, leviter ventricosa, alae ventrales inferne attenuatae sursum expansae et ciliato-dentatae; peristomium 1 — 1,5 mm latum, obliquum; operculum 5 — 8 mm diametro, ovato-orbiculare; calcar basi latum, apice attenuatum recurvatum, saepe processibus duobus lateralibus instructum. Flores et fructus ignoti. Austr.-malayische Provinz: Cape York Halbinsel von N. 0. Australien (Jardine!). Nota. Forsan N. Smilesii et species supra descripta formae pumilae speciei majoris probabiliter N. phyllamphorae sunt. Quae auctores de specie indicant, interim accipienda esse puto, dum flores accuratius sint noti. 11. TS. Blancoi Blume, Mus. bot. lugd. batav. II. (1852) 10. — Nepenthes sp. Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. 1. (1837) 808, ed. 2. (1845) 556, ed. 3, III. (1879) 215. — Sp. non sat. not. Hook. f. in DC. Prodr. XVII. (1873) 105; G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gart. Zeitg. (1895) 222. — N. melamphora Villar in Flor. Filip. ed. 3. IV. (1 880) app. 173. — Planta tenuis erecta v. breviter scandens. Caulis 3 — 6 dm altus X 4 — 5 mm crassus, obtuse trigonus, juventute sparse fulvo-puberulus demum glaber, punctatus. Folia 1 5 — 25 cm longa X 1,5 — 2,5 cm lata, herbacea v. subcoriacea, subpetiolata v. vulgo lamina sessilis gradatim basim versus angustata, ad y2' — 2/3 amplexicaulis, linearis usque ob- lanceolata, apice rotundata v. in cirrhum attenuata, supra glabra, subtus brunneo-punc- tata, nervi longitudinales in paria 2 — 3 dispositi, par intimum 7 — 10 mm a costa remotum et ab ea circiter triente a basi oriens, par secundum 1,5 — 2 mm ab intimo remotum et prope basim laminae oriens, par tertium 1 mm a secundo remotum et a basi laminae oriens, nervi transversi valde obliqui et irregulariter inter se et nervös intimos longitudinales confluentes; cirrhus 7 — 20 cm longus, tenuis, gradatim in basim recurvatam ascidii expansus, leviter ferrugineo- v. rufo-puberulus ; ascidia 10 — 15 cm longa X 3 — 6 cm lata, monomorphia v. subdimorphia, rubro-viridia, sparse puberula, Nepenthes. 4 1 brunneo-punctata; ascidia inferiora cylindrico-ventrieosa, alae ventrales a basi ad peri- stomium productae, ciliatae, ciliae 5 — 6 mm longae, os dr obliquum postice in Collum 1 — 2,5 cm longum productum; ascidia superiora cylindrica v. basi leviter subventricosa, alae ventrales inferne leviter expansae et ciliatae, superne in cristas non ciliatas reductae, os obliquum postice non v. leviter elongatum; peristomium 5 — 7 mm latum, cylindricum, crebre sed anguste striatum, margine intus serrulato; operculum 3 — 4,5 cm X 2 — 4 cm, ovatum v. ovato-cordatum, submembranaceum, extus rubro-maculatum, intus per medium costatum, per totum glandulosum, glandulae in medio paucae magnae, peri- thecioideae, latus versus glandulae multae parvae ovales; calcar 4 — 5 mm longum, ferrugineo-pubescens; ascidium intus per dimidium superius glauco-purpureum, opacum et deducens, inferne glandulosum et detinens, glandulae superne parvae immersae, approxi- matae, inferne mediocres dz expositae, magnae et diffusae. Inflorescentia 30 — 40 cm longa; pedunculus 25 — 30 cm longus, juventute rufo-tomentosus demum glaber; racemus Sim- plex laxiflorus; pedicelli 4 — 5 mm longi, ferrugineo- v. fusco-tomentosi. Sepala 4 lan- ceolata v. spathulata, extus et per marginem interiorem tomentosa, intus per dimidium inferius glabra, per superius glandulis parvis obsita. Columna staminea zb ferrugineo- tomentosa; antherae 16, quarum 12 inferiores et uniseriatae 4 superiores et transversae sunt. Ovarium breviter stipitatum, dense pubescens, lobis stigmatum sessilibus, prominen- tibus bilobis, leviter recurvatis. Capsula 1 5 — 1 7 mm longa, fusiformis , rt puberula et nitida, Stigmata plana, obscure biloba. Provinz der Philippinen: Ins. Cebu (Blanco); Ins. Benguet (Cabeza); Ins. Culion (Merrill n. 516'.). Einheim. Namen: Sulud-sulud, Sogon-sogon. 12. N. tentaculata Hook. f. in DC. Prodr. XVII. (1873) 101; Beccari, Malesia III. (1886) 13; G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gart. Zeitg. (1895) 188; Burbidge in Gard. Chron. n. s. XVII. (18 82) 56. — Planta gracilis ramosa scandens. Caulis 1 — 3 m altus X 2 — 5 mm crassus, glaber, fiexuosus, saepe ± spiraliter tortus, juvenilis triangulus demum trigonus, internodiis ± elongatis. Folia 6 — 15 cm longa X 1,5 — 3,5 cm lata, her- bacea v. subcoriacea, lanceolata v. elliptico-lanceolata , sessilia et oblique auriculato- amplexicaulia, apice acuto v. obtuso, supra et subtus glabra, nervi longitudinales in paria 3 v. in foliis magnis 4 dispositi, omnes a basi Orientes, in auriculas basales curvati dein per laminam prolongati, par ultimum 4 — 7 mm, par secundum 6 — 12 mm, par tertium 7 — 14 mm, par quartum 7,5 — 15 mm a costa remotum, nervi transversi irre- guläres, versus costam fere rectangulares v. oblique ascendentes, rarius rb descendentes, omnes furcati et reticulati; cirrhus 9 — 17 cm longus, gracilis, concavus et supra fusco- pubescens, aliquanto abrupte in basim ascidii ampliatus; ascidia 8 — 12 cm longa X 2 — 4,5 cm lata, membranacea, juventute rufo- v. fusco-pubescentia demum glabra v. sparse pubescentia, dimorphia; ascidia inferiora ampulliformia v. ovata, rubro-purpurea, alae ventrales breves, a basi ad os continuatae, ciliatae, os ovatum obliquum; peristomium 3 — 4 mm latum, cylindricum, tenerum, remote striatum, non v. in collum leviter elon- gatum; operculum 2 — 4,5 cm longum X 1—2,5 cm latum, ovato-oblongum, mem- branaceum, extus minute brunneo-punctatum, sparse longe tentaculatum circum marginem v. per totum, intus glandulis multis minutis dispersis obsitum; calcar 8 — 10 mm longum, raro simplex plerumque multifidum v. ciliato-fasciculatum ; ascidium intus per dimidium superius glauco-purpureum, opacum et deducens, inferne nitidum glandulosum et detinens, glandulae multae, circulares, discretae, expositae; ascidia superiora cylindrica v. ad basim leviter dilatata, purpureo-viridia, alae ventrales angustae non v. rh ciliatae, os leviter obliquum v. transversum; operculum ovatum; ascidium intus per duas partes superiores opacum, inferne glandulosum. Inflorescentia 5 — 6 cm longa, saepe 2 — 4 ex axillis bracte- arum adjacentium Orientes; pedunculus 1 — 3 cm longus, saepe curvatus, puberulus; pedi- celli in floribus tf 1 — 2 mm longi, in floribus Q 4 — 5 mm, uniflori, puberuli v. subglabri. Sepala oblonga, extus margine pubescentia, intus glandulis minutis adspersa. Columna staminea sepalis aequalis glabra; antherae 4 — 6 uniseriatae. Ovarium sessile, brunneo- pubescens, lobi stigmatis distincti, duo. Capsula 27 — 28 mm longa X 5 — 6 mm lata, 42 J. M. Macfarlane. — Nepenthaceae. Fig. 15. Nepenthes tentaculata Hook. f. A Apex ramuli pl. collines her- beuses situees au Nord de la Conception«, 300 m. alt. (Balansa n. 3079); >collines eruptives de la vallee du Dotio« (Balansa n. 3628); bei Theo (Grunow!); »Mont Roghi, alt. 500 — 800 m. en sol aride« (Brousmiche n. 731); »Hauteur d'Azaro, baie N. Go, terrains ferrugineux« (De Pompery). Var. ß. Deplanehei Dubard 1. c. — Folia lata, basi ad 3/4 amplexicaulia. Var. y. Montrouzieri (Dubard 1. c, sub titulo speciei). — Capsula 12 mm longa, ovoidea, apice truncata non depressa. 21. N. hirsuta Hook. f. in DC. Prodr. XVII. (1873) 99; Beccari, Malesia III. (1886) 4; G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gart. Zeitg. (1895) 191. — N. hispida G. Beck 1. c. 187. — Planta humilis scandens. Caulis 2 m altus X 4 — 5 mm crassus, juvenilis dense adultus dz sparse pilis ferrugineis rigidis saepe patentibus obtectus, inferne dense foliosus internodiis brevibus, superne internodiis 2 — 4 cm longis. Folia 10 — 25 cm longa X 2 — 5 cm lata, subcoriacea, breviter petiolata v. lamina gradatim in basim obliquam ad 3/4 — Vs amplexicaulem leviter decurrentem transiens, elliptico-obovata, apice in cirrhum attenuata , supra glabra, subtus =b ferrugineo-hirsuta et punctata, nervi longitudinales in paria 4 rarius 5 v. 3 dispositi, a basi folii Orientes, par ul- timum 7 — 15 mm, par secundum 10 — 20 mm, par tertium 12 — 23 mm, par quartum 13 — 24,5 mm a costa remotum, nervi transversi oblique ascendentes reticulati; cirrhus 15 — 20 cm longus, inferior saepissime ascidiiferus, superior plerumque haud ascidiiferus, piano- v. concavo-convexus, ferrugineo-hirsutus v. glaber et brunneo-punctatus, in basim ascidii abrupte ampliatus; ascidia 6 — 2 0 cm longa X 1 — 6 cm lata, dimorphia; in- feriora ovata v. ventricosa, juventute dense ferrugineo-hirsuta demum ± hirsuta v. fere glabra, viridia purpureo-maculata v. non, alae ventrales 3 — 5 mm latae, a basi ad os continuatae, ciliatae, os ovatum obliquum, postice in collum breve elongatum; peristomium 3 — 12 mm latum, cylindricum, antice leviter angustatum, latere postico ± expansum, margine intus dentatum, superficie crebre striatum; operculum ovato-cordatum, extus brunneo-punctatum, intus glabrum glandulis magnis mediis et parvis lateralibus sparsis v. haud sparsis versus marginem; calcar 5 — 12 mm longum, hirsutum; asci- dium intus per trientem v. dimidium superius glauco-purpureum et deducens , inferne nitidum glandulosum et detinens; ascidia superiora cylindracea v. cylindraceo-ovata, alae ventrales angustae ± ciliatae v. non ciliatae, os transversum v. leviter obliquum A. Engler, Das Pflanzenreich. IV. (Embryophyta siphonogama) 111. 4 50 J- M« Macfarlane. — Nepenthaceae. vix in Collum elongatum; ascidium intus fere v. omnino nitidum, glandulosum. In- florescentia 10 — 20 cm longa, juventute et ± adulta ferrugineo-hirsuta ; pedunculus 4 — 6 cm longus; racemus subdensiflorus ; pedicelli breves uni- v. biflori. Sepala ovalia, extus et margine interiore ferrugineo-hirsuta, intus glandulosa. Columna staminea villosa demum glabra, sepalis aequalis; antherae 8 uniseriatae. Ovarium sessile, fulvo- hirsutum, stigma sessile. Capsula et semina ignota. S.W. Malayische Provinz; Borneo: Am Flusse Lawas (Low!, Beccarü, Burbidge!); auf dem Berge Mattang, 600 — 800 m (Beccari n. 1698!, 2580!); Sarawak,^ 800 m (Lobb n. 92!); Bakam-Gebirge in Sarawak (Hose!). Var. «. typiea Macfarlane. — Caulis et superficies inferior folii pilis longis ferru- gineis v. fulvis obsita; folia elliptico-lanceolata, ascidia aliquanto parva (5 — 8 cm longa), ferrugineo-hirsuta. — N. hispida G. Beck 1. c. Borneo: Am Flusse Lawas (Low!, Beccarü, Burbidge!). Var. ß. glabrata Macfarlane. — Caulis et superficies inferior folii sparse v. raro hirsuta, adulta rufo-punctata ; folia oblanceolata v. obovata, ascidia 10 — 20 cm longa, sparse hirsuta, rufo-punctata. Borneo: Sarawak (Lobb!, Hose!). Nota. Specimina cl. Beccarü in monte Mattang lecta varietates priores conjungunt. 22. N. Reinwardtiana Miq. in PI. Jungh. I. (1851) 168, Fl. Ind. batav. I. p. 1 (1855) 1075, Suppl. (1860) 151, 366, Sumatra (1862) 151, 111. Fl. Archip. Ind. (1871) 4, pl. 4; Hook. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XXII. (1859) 422 (sub nom. N. Bein- wardtii), et in DC. Prodr. XVII. (1873) 103; Hemsley, Cat. North Gall. Kew ed. 4 (1 886) n. 555; Beccari, Malesia III. (1886) 5; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. V. (1890) 70; G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gart. Zeitg. (1895) 189. — Planta gracilis ramosa scandens. Caulis 2 — 3 m altus X 3 — 7 mm crassus, juventute triangulus demum trigonus v. subcylin- dricus, angulis duobus alternantibus alatis ab marginibus foliorum decurrentibus. Folia 7 — 25 cm longa X 1 — 3,5 cm lata, herbacea v. subcoriacea, sessilia, ad y2 — 2/$ amplexicaulia, leviter v. per dimidium internodii inferioris decurrentia, lineari-lanceolala, saepe supra basim leviter constricta, apice acuto v. subobtuso, supra et subtus glabra, nervi longitudinales plerumque in paria duo rarius 3 v. 4 dispositi, par intimum 6 — 1 2 mm a costa remotum et ad medium v. a medio costae oriens, par secundum 7 — 1 4 mm a costa remotum, paria tertia et quarta valde obscura saepe superne cum pari secun- do conjuncta et omnia a basi folii orientia, nervi transversi obscuri distantes, irregu- lariter et oblique ascendentes; cirrhus 15 — 30 cm longus gracilis, plano-convexus sursum gradatim in basim ascidii recurvatam et nonnunquam abrupte expansam amplia- tus; ascidia 10 — 20 cm longa X 2 — 4 cm lata monomorphia v. subdimorphia, cylin- drica v. subcylindrica, in medio leviter constricta basim versus ± ventricosa aequalia v. os versus ± expansa, glabra, membranacea, pallido-viridia v. purpureo-viridia, alae ventrales reductae, in ascidiis inferioribus 2 — 3 mm latae, non ciliatae, in ascidiis superioribus ad nervös prominentes reductae, quae gradatim in nervös tenues circum os curvatos solutae sunt, os obliquum ovatum; peristomium 2 — 4 mm latum cylindricum aequale, obscure striatum; operculum elliptico- v. orbiculari-cordatum , extus glabrum intus glandulis multis minutis per totum dispersis obsitum; calcar 3 — 4 mm longum simplex gracile; ascidium intus per dimidium v. duas partes superiores glauco-violaceum maculis duabus ovalibus brunneis ad basim areae triangularis posterioris, opacum et deducens, inferne viride v. fuscum, nitidum glandulosum et detinens, glandulae superiores multae parvae immersae, inferiores ovales v. circulares et exsertae. Inflorescentia in planta q? 20 — 45 cm longa, in pl. Q 10 — 15 cm; pedunculus fusco-tomentosus racemo aequilongus; racemus laxiflorus; pedicelli 10 — 20 mm longi, inferiores biflori, superiores uniflori. Flores 4 — 5 mm diametro. Sepala elliptico-lanceolata, extus fusco- tomentosa demum glabra, intus glabra et glandulis multis ovalibus per medium obsita. Columna staminea sepalis longior, inferne fusco- v. ferrugineo-tomentosa, superne glabra; antherae 8, uniseriatae. Ovarium dense brunneo-tomentosum ; stigma 4-lobatum, con- cavum. Capsula 25 — 30 mm longa, fusiformis, tetragona, subglabra nitida, tenuiter Nepenthes. 51 striata, valvae lanceolatae stigmatibus triangularibus. Semina 15 — 17 mm longa, testa circum embryonem brunnea, alae pallidae. S. W. Malayische Provinz; Malakka: Singapore (Wallich non n. 2244 Cat. ut Hooker f. indicat quae N. gracilis est, sed spec. inscrip. »prope Kuttalam lecta ab amicis Michel«!); Luiggi in Prov. Pahang, 30 — 60 m (Hullett n. 5693!, 5716!). Sumatra: »In monte Simur-woasas ca. 1400 m alta«, >in dumetis prope Puger- utang ca. 600 m< (Junghuhn n. 740 !); West-Küste (Teysmann n. 325!, 539!); Padangsche Bovenlanden (Burck n. 16!). Banka (sub nom. N. Korthalsiana in Herb. Calc. Teysmann n. 3510, Miq. det.!; Kurz n. 1206!). Borneo: Auf dem Berg Mooloo, 1000 m (Low!); bei Sarawak (Lobb n. 86!, Beccarü). Einheim. Namen: Ketakong-Kidjang, akar-taboeng-taboeng. 23. N. Copelandii Merrill msc. — Caulis circiter 1 m altus, cylindricus, leviter sulcatus, glaber v. juventute sparse fulvo-puberulus, in axillis foliorum juvenilium ferru- gineo-pubescens. Folia 10 — 15 cm longa X 2 — 3,5 cm lata, subcoriacea, petiolata; petiolus 2 — 3 cm longus, basi ad V3 — V2 amplexicaulis , alatus, alae gradatim a basi in laminas ampliatae; lamina elliptica, inferne ± abrupte angustata, superne in cirrhum attenuata, supra glabra nisi basim costae versus quae db pubescens est, subtus sparse pubescens, nervi longitudinales in paria 3 dispositi, a triente inferiore costae Orientes, par intimum 9 — 11 mm, par secundum 11 — 13 mm, par tertium 12 — 14,5 mm a costa remotum, nervi transversi distantes ascendentes et reticulati; cirrhus 10 — 25 cm longus, juventute dense fulvo-pubescens, gracilis, sursum ampliatus et in basim recur- vatam ascidii abrupte inflatus; ascidia 10 — 13 cm longa X 3 — 3,5 cm lata, mono- morphia v. subdimorphia; inferiora tubulosa v. tubuloso-infundibuliformia ; superiora infundibuliformia, nervi longitudinales tenues nervis multis transversis conjuncti, minute fulvo-puberula, sub peristomio dense fulvo-tomentosa , pallido-viridia, purpureo-erubes- centia v. maculata, alae ventrales ad nervös longitudinales reductae, os obliquum, postice in Collum triangulum 0,5 — 1,5 cm longum elevatum; peristomium 4 — 5 mm latum, cylindricum, antice dz angustatum, latere postico ampliatum et sub operculo marginibus convergentibus, postice in collum elevatum, Striae crebrae, tenuiores; operculum 3,5 — 4 cm diametro, cordato-orbiculare , pallido-viride purpureo-maculatum , extus glabrum, intus glandulosum, per lineam basalem mediam tumidum sed non carinatum, glandulae diffusae magnae, circulares v. ovales; calcar 8 — 10 mm longum, tenue; ascidium intus per trientem superiorem glauco-purpureum , opacum et deducens, inferne glandulosum et detinens, glandulae superiores parvae, ovales, leviter immersae, inferiores ovales v. circulares et exsertae. Infiorescentia 20 — 30 cm longa; pedunculus 10 cm longus sparse fulvo-pubescens demum glaber; pedicelli inferne biflori, superne uniflori. Sepala ovalia usque obovata, extus dense fulvo-tomentosa, intus glandulosa. Columna staminea sepalis aequalis, inferne tomentella superne glabra; antherae 10 — 12, uniseriatae dfc complanatae. Ovarium ovatum, pubescens, lobis stigmaticis sulcatis purpureis. Capsula 15 — 20 mm longa X 5 — 6 mm lata ± puberula brunneo-nitida, lobis stigmaticis pro- minentibus sulcatis. Semina 8 — 10 mm longa, tenuia, lutea. Provinz der Philippinen: Ins. Mindanao, auf dem Berg Apo 1600 m (Cope- land n. 1033!). Nota. Hujus speciei exemplaria mihi missa sunt ab cl. Merrill, qui ea pro specie nova agnovit. 2 4. N. eustachya Miq. Fl. Ind. bat. I. p. 1 (1855) 1074, Suppl. 151, p. 3 t. 3, Fl. de l'Arch. Ind. (1871) 3, pl. III; Hook. f. in DG. Prodr. XVII. (1873) 99; G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gart. Zeitg. (1895) 217. — Planta gracilis, scandens, siccitate fusco- nigra. Caulis 3 — 5 mm crassus, subcylindricus, nitido-glaber, internodiis superne 2 — 3 cm longis. Folia 15 — 20 cm longa X 3 — 5 cm lata, coriacea, petiolata; petiolus 3 — 5 cm longus alatus, basis leviter expansa, ad y2 amplexicaulis, sursum in laminam gradatim ampliatus; lamina obovata v. oblongo-lanceolata, ad apicem ± peltata, rarius 4* 52 J- M- Macfarlane. — Nepenthaceae. obtusa, per superficiem superiorem costae glabra praeter apicem peltatum ferrugineo- pubescentem, nervi longitudinales in paria 4, rarius 3 dispositi, par intimum 12 — 15 mm, par secundum 16 — 20 mm, par tertium 18 — 22,5 mm, par quartum 19 — 24 mm a costa remotum, par intimum a triente inferiore costae oriens, paria cetera a basi abeuntia, nervi transversi obscuri ascendentes, paralleli, sinuosi; cirrhus 15 — 30 cm longus, plano-convexus, tenuis, versus basim ascidii gradatim ampliatus; ascidia 10 — 15 cm longa X 3 — 3,5 cm lata, monomorphia, subcylindrica , inferne dz ventri- cosa, medium versus constricta, os versus dt expansa, glabra zona angusta ferrugineo- tomentosa sub peristomio excepta, alae ventrales angustae ad nervös non ciliatos reductae, os obliquum rotundatum v. ovatum; peristomium 2 — 3 mm latum, cylindricum aequale crebre striatum; operculum 2,5 — 3,5 cm latum, cordato-orbiculare, intus zona marginali fusco-tomentosa et glandulis multis minutis diffusis instructum; calcar 4 — 5 mm longum; ascidium intus per dimidium superius vel profundius glauco-purpureum opacum et deducens, inferne nitidum glandulosum et detinens, glandulae superiores parvae immersae, inferiores magnae circulares exsertae. Inflorescentia 20 — 40 cm longa; racemus laxus fus'co-puberulus ; pedicelli tenues, inferne biflori, superne uniflori. Sepala ovalia, extus fusco-tomentosa, intus glandulis minutis obsita. Columna staminea gracilis, sepalis longior; antherae 8 uniseriatae. Flores foeminei et fructus ignoti. S. W. Malayische Provinz; Sumatra: Westküste bei Siboga (Teysmann n. 529!). Einheim. Name: Katoepat-baroek (Filet, Plantkundig Wooi'denboek). 25. N. villosa Hook. f. Icon. pl. (1852) t. 888, et in Trans. Linn. Soc. XXII. (1859) 420 t. 69; Spencer St. John, Life For. Far East I. (1862) 285, 345 cum icon. col.; Hook. f. in DC. Prodr. XVII. (1873) 94; Burbidge, Gard. of Sun (1880) 100, 280, 344, et in Gard. Chron. s. 2. XVII. (1882) 56; Macfarlane in Ann. of Bot. VII. (1893) 426; G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gart. Zeitg. (1895) 183; Veitch et Burbidge in Journ. Boy. Hort. Soc. XXI. (1897) 232, 258. —Non N. villosa Hook. f. in Bot. Magaz. LXXXIV. (1858) t. 5080, et Lemaire in 111. Hort. XVI. (1869) 46 icon. 45, quae N. Veitchii sunt. — Planta terrestris inter suffrutices vagans v. scandens. Caulis 2 — 3 m longus X 6 — 1 0 mm crassus, subcylindricus, internodia dz elongata, juventute dense fusco-villosus, demum glaber. Folia 15 — 25 cm longa X 6 — 8 cm lata, coriacea, petiolata; petiolus 3 — 7 cm longus, crassus, anguste alatus, basi expansa ad Y2 — 3A amplexicaulis, sursum in laminam abrupte ampliatus, dz fusco-villosus; lamina elliptica, apice inaequaliter biloba v. peltata, supra glabra v. per costam dz villosa, subtus villosa v. glabra, nervi longi- tudinales in paria 3 rarius 4 dispositi, par intimum 25 — 30 mm, par secundum 29 — 35 mm, par tertium 31 — 37 mm a costa remotum, omnia ad apicem in cirrhum cur- vata, nervi transversi 2 — 3 mm separati oblique radiantes; cirrhus 30 — 50 cm longus X 4 — 5 mm crassus, aequale, in basim ascidii abrupte expansus; ascidia 10 — 18 cm longa X 8 — 10 cm lata, monomorphia, obconica v. subpyriformia, os versus leviter constricta, dz fusco-villosa v. subglabra, inferne viridia, superne rubra v. rubro-persicina, alae ventrales basi ad nervös prominentes reductae, sursum gradatim ampliatae et non ad medium ciliatae, dein os versus in alas latas ciliatas expansae, quae ante os pro- longatae sunt, os circulare, postice in Collum 3 — 5 cm altum elongatum; peristomium (simile N. Edwardsianae) 1,5 — 2 cm latum, obliquum, postice in collum elevatum, superficie in lamellas magnas transversas 6 — 8 mm profundas 4 — 8 mm separatas expansa, lamellae extus recurvatae, intus decurvatae et in dentes pallido-rubros longos deflexae; operculum 5 — 9 cm latum cordato-orbiculare, per medium viride v. rubrum, extus villosum intus carinatum et glandulis multis adspersum; calcar 8 — 12 mm longum, filiforme, hirsutum; ascidium intus per collum triangulum postice et sub peristomio glaucum opacum et deducens, dein per zonam angustam nitidam non glandulosam, inferne nitidum glandulosum et detinens, glandulae superiores parvae, discretae, immersae, inferiores magnae, approximatae ± exsertae. Inflorescentia 25 — 50 cm longa, dense fusco-villosa; pedunculus 15 — 3 0 cm longus X 7 — 8 mm crassus; racemus densiflorus; pedicelli 8 — 10 mm longi, uniflori, ferrugineo-hirsuti , basi v. sub flore bracteolati. Nepenthes. 53 Sepala oblonga, extus per medium ferrugineo-villosa, per marginem glabra, intus glan- dulis per medium dispersis. Columna staminea sepalis brevior, glabra; antherae 8 — 12 uni- v. subbiseriatae. Ovarium ovatum ferrugineo-tomentosum; stigma 4-lobum medio depressum, lobi sulcati. Capsula sessilis, brevis, crassa, dense villoso-tomen- tosa. — Fig. 9. S. W. Malayische Provinz; Borneo: Auf dem Berge Kina Balu 2700 — 3000 m (Low!); »Low Gully«, Kina Balu, 1500 — 2500 m (Spencer St. John); Kina Balu, 3000 — 3100 m (Burbidge!); Kiau bei dem Tampassug-Flusse (Whitehead). Nota. ' N. villosa et N. Edtcardsiana inter sese species simillimae ut pro varietatibus unius eiusdemque speciei possint haberi. Examinatione microscopica probatur, illas species distinctas esse. Atque Burbidge de- monstravit X villosam more Crescendi terrestri et situ altiore a N. Edward- siana prorsus differre. Utraque spe- cies loco natali inter se hybridas procreare videntur (v. p. 54). 26. N. Edwardsiana Hook. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XXII. (1859) 420 t. LXX; Spencer St. John, Life in For. Far East I. (1862) 3 35 t. 336; Burbidge, Gard. of Sun (1880) 100, 108, 280, 284, 3 44, et in Gard. Chron. ser. 2. XVII. (1882) 56; Macfarlane in Ann. of Bot. VII. (1893) 433; Stapf in Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. IV. (1894) 69; G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gart. Zeitg. (1895) 183; Burbidge in Journ. Boy. Hort. Soc. XXI. (1 897) 258. — N. Edgeworthii Beichb. f. herb, ex G. Beck 1. c. 183. — Planta saepe epiphytica, Casuarineas et arbores alias ascen- dens. Caulis 3 — 9 m longus X 8 — 12 mm crassus, cylindricus v. de trigonus, juventute ferrugineo- puberulus demum glaber. Folia 20 — 30 cm longa X 6 — 10 cm lata, coriacea, petiolata; petiolus 6 — 10 cm longus, validus, alatus, basis ad 2/3 amplexicaulis, alae non v. leviter decurrentes pilis longis fus- cis sparsis obsitae; lamina elliptica v. oblonga in ferne in petiolum an- gustata, ad apicem rotundata v. in cirrhum attenuata, supra glabra subtus glabra et punctata, margi- nibus et costa zh hirsuta, nervi longitudinales 4 — 5 obscuri, par ul- timum 25 — 35 mm, par seeundum 29 — 40 mm, par tertium 30 — 44 mm, par quartum 31— 43 mm Fjg u K Edtcardsiana Hook. f. A Folium caulinum a costa remotum, nervi transversi cum aseidio abortivo. B Ascidium; a area deducens, b area radiantes v. ascendentes, 2 — 3 mm detinens. (7Flosdans les Marais« (fide Miquel). Einheim. malay. Name: Ketakong-mendjangan. Nota. N. Rafflesiana var. insignis Mast, (in Gard. Chron. XVIII. (1882) 424) vix a typo differt. Varietates tres infra describendae formis intermediis cum speciminibus typicis con- junguntur. Var. ß. nigro-purpurea Mast, in Gard. Chron. XVIII. (1882) 424. — Ascidia ovata, lurido-purpurea , sparse pallido- v. albido-punctata , collum aliquantö breve. — Cult., loc. nat. incert. Var. y. nivea Hook. f. in DC. Prodr. XVII. (1873) 97. — Minor, subcoriacea usque coriacea, tomento niveo copioso obtecta. Borneo: Labuan (Motley n. 348!); ohne Standort (Barbe r n. 348!); N. Borneo und Labuan (Burbidge!); Montrado in der Prov. Pontianak (Teysmann). Var. ö. minor Beccari, Malesia III. (1886) 11. — Glabra, innovationibus pubes- centibus, ascidia superiora parva, inflato-infundibuliformia, collo valde elongato, operculo late ovato. Nepenthes. 63 Borneo: In der Prov. Pontianak (Teysmann n. 10 910 in Herb. H. Bot. Bog.!). Nota. De N. Rafflesiana var. Hookeriana Mast, vide p. 34. 39. N. Armbrustae F. M. Bailey in Queensland Agric. Journ. XVI. (4 905) 191. — Folia 18 — 20 cm longa X 4 — 5 cm lata, herbacea, petiolata; petiolus 3 — 4 cm longus, alatus, superne gradatim in laminam ampliatus; lamina elliptico-lanceolata subglabra, nervi longitudinales in paria 5 dispositi, nervi transversi prominentes; cirrhus 1 0 cm longus; ascidium 1 0 cm longum X 6 — 7 cm latum, ventricosum, ad basim abrupte contractum et acute recurvatum, alae ventrales reductae non ciliatae; peristomium angustum; oper- culum 3 cm latum orbiculare, intus multiglandulosum ; ascidium intus per trientem superiorem luteo-maculatum purpureo-marmoratum, opacum et deducens, inferne glan- dulosum et detinens. Inflorescentia (q^ solum nota) ferrugineo-pubescens; pedicelli 10 — 12 mm longi. Sepala ovata, 5 — 6 mm longa, intus purpurea. Columna staminea quam sepali aliquanto longior; antherae caput globosum. Austr.-malayische Provinz: Coen, Cape York Peninsula in N. O. Australien (Miss F. Armbrust). Nota. Species mihi non visa, secundum auctoris descriptionera differt a speciebus omnibus adhuc cognitis, sed ex icone valde similis N. Kenncdyanae est. 40. N. albo-lineata F. M. Bailey in Queensland Agric. Journ. III. (1898) 354, pl. 58. — Planta terrestris, erecta, vix scandens. Caulis 1 — 1,5 m altus X 10 — 1 2 mm crassus, cylindricus, tomentosus, demum fere glaber. Folia 1 5 — 3 0 cm longa X 5 — 7 cm lata, herbacea, petiolata; petiolus 4 — 8 cm longus, alatus, ^-amplexi- caulis, in medio angustatus, versus basim amplexicaulem ± ampliatus non v. leviter decurrens, sursum aliquanto abrupte in laminam ampliatus ; lamina lanceolata, apice in cirrhum attenuata, supra glabra v. ad costam et in partibus contiguis laminae sparse stellato-pubescens, nervi longitudinales in paria 7 dispositi, par intimum 6 — 9 mm, par secundum 10 — 15mm, par tertium 13 — 20mm, par quartum 15 — 24 mm a costa remotum, tria reliqua fere 2 mm a quarto et inter se distantia, nervi transversi irregu- lariter ascendentes , radiantes , et fere 2 mm inter se separati ; cirrhus 15 — 25 cm longus, sursum gradatim in basim ascidii recurvatam ampliatus; ascidium 12 — 18 cm longum X 2,5 — 3 cm latum, cylindricum, infra leviter ventricosum dein in cirrhum recurvatum angustatum, viride et albido-striatum, alae ventrales a basi ascidii recurvata medium versus forma laminae non ciliatae continuatae, dein os versus in nervös v. vertices angustatae, os leviter obliquum; peristomium 6 — 8 mm latum, cylindricum, aequale; operculum 3 — 4 cm latum, ovale ad orbiculare, extus glabrum intus glandu- losum, glandulae medium versus magnae, marginem versus minores; calcar 6 — 8 mm longum, planum, tomentosum, recurvatum; ascidium intus per dimidium superius glauco- viride opacum et deducens, infra glandulosum et detinens. Inflorescentia q? 30 — 40 cm longa; pedunculus 15 cm longus, stellato-pubescens; pedicelli 9 — 10 mm longi, tenues, uniflori, stellato-pubescentes. Sepala 5 mm longa, elliptico-ovata, extus albido- pubescentia intus purpurea et glandulosa. Columna staminea sepalis brevior; antherae 8 uniseriatae. Flores pistilliferi et fructus ignoti. Austr.-malayische Provinz: Cape York Peninsula in N.O.Australien (Jar- dine!). 41. N. phyllamphora Willd. Spec. pl. IV. p. 2 (1805) 874; Brongn. in Ann. sc. nat. I. (1824) 48; Jack in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. I. (1835) 271; Sprengel, Syst. veg. III. (1826) 84; Korthals, Verhand. Nat. Gesch. Bot. (1839) 28; Blume, Mus. bot. lugd. batav. II. (1852) 7; Miq. Fl. Ind. batav. I. p. 1 (1855) 1069; Hook. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XXII. (1859) 422, DC. Prodr. XVII. (1873) 97; Burbidge, Gard. of Sun (1880) 84; Beccari, Malesia I. (1877)213, III. (1886) 11; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. V. (1890) 69; Villar in Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. 3. IV. (1880) app. 173; G. Beck, in Wien. Hl. Gart. Zeitg. (1895) 218, ubi loco var. a. sub N. macrostachya enumerata est; Hemsley in Bot. Magaz. (1906) t. 8067. — N. macrostachya et N. fimbriata Blume, Mus. bot. lugd. batav. II. (1852) 7; Miq. 111. Fl. Archip. Ind. (1871) 3 pl. 2, 5 pl. 6; G. Beck 1. c. 217. — JV. distillatoria Wall. Cat. n. 22 44; Aiton Hort. Kew. ed. 2. 64 J« M. Macfarlane. — Nepenthaceae. V. (1813) 420; Macgillivray, Voyage H. M. S. Rattle. I. (1852) 210; Hemsley in Garden LXVII. (1905; 269. — N. O'Brieniana Rodigas in 111. Hort. (1890) 109. — Phyllam- phora mirabilis Lour. Fl. cochinch. (1790) 606. — Planta elongata, prostrata v. scan- dens, lucido-viridis. Caulis 5 — 8 m longus X 7 — 9 mm crassus, cylindricus, juvenilis sparse stellato-pubescens demum glaber, internodiis superioribus 4 — 7 cm longis, inferiori- bus ± aggregatis. Folia 15 — 45 cm longa X 5 — 8 cm lata, membranacea v. herbacea, petiolata; petiolus 4 — 15 cm longus, leviter puberulus v. glaber, basi 1/2— amplexlca.xalis alatus, alae verticales parallelae, sursum gradatim divergentes et in laminam expansae; lamina elliptico-oblonga , supra glabra, subtus glabra v. per costam sparse puberula, marginibus in plantis juvenilibus dentato-ciliatis, demum ciliatis v. glabris, apex abrupte et saepe inaequaliter in cirrhum contractus, nervi longitudinales in paria 6 — 10, ple- rumque 7 dispositi, par intimum 10 — 121 mm, par secundum 20 — 24 mm, par tertium 26 — 32 mm, par quartum 31 — 39 mm a costa remotum, paria reliqua proportione de- crescente distantia, nervi transversi numerosi, paralleli, radiati v. oblique ascendentes; cirrhus 15 — 25 cm longus, inferne piano -convexus, superne cylindricus et in basim ascidii recurvatam ampliatus, sparse puberulus; ascidia 8 — 15 cm longa X 2 — 3 cm lata, monomorphia, subcylindrica, dimidium inferius leviter expansum, superius os versus leviter contractum, sparse puberulum, sub peristomio ± fusco-pubescens, superßcie pallido-viridi v. rubro-viridi, glandulae perithecioideae ± copiosae et diffusae, alae ven- trales in ascidiis inferioribus angustae, breviter v. non ciliatae, in ascidiis superioribus ad nervös prominentes reductae, os circulare ovatum v. transverse ellipticum; peristo- mium 4 — 7 mm latum cylindricum v. saepe superflcie zh planum, antice latissimum, postice aliquanto angustatum, crebre striatum, transversum v. ± obliquum, postice non elevatum^ pallido-viride ad purpureum; operculum 2 — 4 cm diametro, subovatum v. orbi- culare, extus sparse puberulum et brunneo-punctatum intus glandulis multis circularibus aequaliter dispersis obsitum; calcar 8 — 10 mm longum; ascidium intus per dimidium superius glaucum v. rubro-viride opacum et deducens, inferne viride nitidum et glandulis multis discretis subsessis obsitum. Inflorescentia 20 — 35 cm longa, gracilis; pedunculus quam racemus longior, albido-et stellato-pubescens; pedicelli 12 — 16 mm longi, graciles, inferne biflori v. uniflori, superne uniflori. Sepala elliptica, extus dense albido- v. fusco- tomentosa, intus glandulis multis minutis difmsis. Columna staminea sepalis aequalis, glabra; antherae 16 — 20, biseriatae ± convolutae. Ovarium 5 — 6 mm longum ovatum, albido-tomentosum ; Stylus brevis; Stigmata 4, sulcata. Capsula 18 — 20 mm longa pedun- culata fusiformis, valvae leviter concavae, sparse puberulae. Semina 15 — 16 mm longa gracilia striata. Hinterindisch-ostasiatische Provinz; Cochin-China: »loca humida et agrestia« (Loureiro). — China: St. Johns Island bei Macao (Millett!, Vachell!, Ford!); bei Lou'i-tsion in Prov. Canton (Delavay!). S. W. Malayische Provinz; Malakka: Singapore (Wallich n. 2244!); Jurong bei Singapore (Ridley); Perak (Dr. King's coli. n. 10631!); auf dem Berg Ophir (Lobb!); Tullo Bahang bei Penang (Curtis!). Sumatra: Padang (Korthals!, Beccarü); Kayu tanam (Beccarü); "abundant in moist places and ravines in neighborhood of Bencoolen" (Jack). Borneo: Bei Sintang (Teysmann n. 10968!); Labuan (Low!); Bawang bei Kina Balu (Burbidge); Sarawak (Beccarü); bei Bangarmassing (Motley n. 755!); Marop in Prov. Batang Lupar (Beccarü). Centromalayische Provinz; Amboina: Ohne genauen Standort (Rumphius!, Botter!). Provinz der Philippinen: Bei Surigao in Mindanao (Vidal n. 3524!). Papuanische Provinz; Neu-Guinea: Ramoi und Vandamen bei Geelvink Bay (Beccari). Einheim. Namen: Dawon- oder daoen-gindi, gada-gada, prioek-beroek (Affen-Krug). Nepenthes. ß5 Nota 1. Species supra descripta, omnium specierum generis latissime dispersa, forma et ascidiorum colore', inflorescentiae magnitudine, florum dispositione et structura, maxime est variabilis. Speciinina autern rite deterrainanda in herbariis adhuc parum copiosa sunt. Quae cum ita sit, oportet me auctores priores secutum duas profecto species discernere N. macro- stachya et N. phyllamphora. Nee quidem hoc tempore characteres satis claros comparare facile est, nee cl. Blume iis deünitis usus est. Forma a cl. Linden introdueta, et sub nomine Ni CfBrieniana (vide Rodigas op. cit.) eulta aseidiis a typo iam diu in hortis botanicis eulto maxime differt. Forma autem seeunda ex Hainan in Hortum Kewensem introdueta, aliis rebus inter duas est intermedia, aliis magis diversa. Varietas Blumci platyphylla et varietas Beccarii macrantha eodem modo sunt variabiles. Nota 2. X. Pascoensis Bailey in Queensl. Agric. Journ. sec. figuram et descriptionem auctoris forma parva et pumila N. phyllamphorae esse videtur. 42. N. Moorei F. M. Bailey in Queensland Agric. Journ. III. (1898) 355, Queensl. Fl. IV. (1901) 1279 — Planta ereeta non v. breviter scandens. Caulis 1 — 2 m altus X 6—7 mm crassus, cylindricus. Folia 15 — 20 cm longa X 3 — 4 cm lata, herbacea, petiolata; petiolus 2 — 4 cm longus alatus, basi ad i/s amplexicaulis, leviter decurrens, sur- sum in laminam gradatim expansus; lamina elliptica v. lanceolata ad apicem in cirrhum attenuata, juvenilis dt albido-pubescens, demum supra et subtus glabra, nervi longitudinales in paria 7 rarius 6 dispositi, par intimum 4 — 6 mm a costa remotum et ab ea medium ver- sus oriens, par seeundum 7 — 1 1 mm, par tertium 9 — I 4 mm a costa remotum, paria reliqua propdrtione decrescente, omnia primo excepto a basi folii orientia, nervi transversi irregulariter radiantes et reticulati; cirrhus 1 0 — 1 5 cm longus gracilis, fere plano-convexus, gradatim in basim aseidii recurvatam ampliatus; aseidium 8 — 12 cm longumX 2 — 3 cm latum, mono- morphium. cylindricum, sub medio leviter ventricosum, viride et rubro-maculatum v. ± rubro-diffusum, ± stellato-pubescens, glabrum et punetatum, alae ventrales angustae non ciliatae, inferne et superne angustiores v. ad nervös prominentes reduetae, os transverse v. leviter obliquum; peristomium 3 — 4 mm latum cylindricum; operculum ovale v. ovali- cordatum, glabrum, extus circum marginem brunneo-punetatum, intus brunneo-punetatum et glandulis multis aequalibus fere ad marginem dispersis obsitum; calcar 4 — =-5 mm longum, planum, =b recurvatum ; aseidium intus per dimidium superius glaueum opacum et deducens, inferne nitidum glandulosum et detinens. Inflorescentia 25 — 35 cm longa ± pubescens; pedunculus 10 — 15 cm longus; racemus sublaxiflorus ; pedicelli tenues 6 — 7 mm longi, uniflori. Sepala elliptica, extus tomentosa, intus glandulis multis parvis obsita. Columna staminea glabra, sepalis brevior; antherae 10 — 12 sinuosae, subbi- seriatae. Ovarium serieeo-tomentosum. Capsula 18 — 20 mm longa. Austr.-malayische Provinz; Cape York Peninsula in N. O. Australien (Jardine!). 43. N. Bernaysii F. M. Bailey in Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales V. (1881) 185, Synop. Queensl. Fl. (1883) 417, Queensl. Agric. Journ. I. (1901) 369, et in Queensl. Fl. IV. (1901) 1278 — Planta procumbens v. breviter scandens. Caulis 6 — 8 mm crassus, basibus amplexicaulibus foliorum obtectus. Folia 30 — 40 cm longa X 5 — 8 cm lata, her- bacea v. subcoriacea, petiolata; petiolus 3 — 5 cm longus, alis verticalibus, basis y2-amplexi- caulis; lamina elliptico-lanceolata, basi et apice obtusa, margine sparse dentato-ciliata, juventute supra et subtus albido- et stellato-pubescens, demum sparse puberula et minute fusco-punetata, nervi longitudinales in paria 7 v. in foliis minoribus 5 — 6 dispositi, par intimum 8 — 10 mm, par seeundum 1 6 — 20 mm, par tertium 22 — 2 8 mm, par quartum 2 6 — 34 mm a costa remotum, paria reliqua proportione decrescente, nervi transversi oblique et irregu- lariter ascendentes demum radiantes; cirrhus 1 5 — 25 cm longus, sursum gradatim in basim aseidii recurvatam ampliatus; aseidium 8 — 15 cm longum X 3 — 4 cm latum, mono- morphium, duabus partibus inferioribus leviter ventricosum, triente superiore cylindricum, ± albido- et stellato-pubescens, fusco-punetatum , rubrum, alae ventrales gradatim a basi ad medium ampliatae, dein sursum ad os leviter angustatae, ciliatae, rubrae, os ovatum obliquum; peristomium 4 mm latum cylindricum, aequale, acute striatum; oper- culum 3,5 — 5 cm longum X 3 — 4 cm latum, ovato-cordatum, extus sparse albido- pubescens et fusco-punetatum , margine extus et intus fusco-puberulo , intus diffuse A. Engler, Das Pflanzenreich. IV. (Embryopbyta siphonogania) 111. 5 66 J- M- Macfarlane. — iN'epenthaceae. glandulosum; calcar 8 — 4 0 mm longum, planum, pubescens, recurvatum. Inflorescenlia 25 — 35 cm longa dr tomentosa; pedunculus 10 — 15 cm longus; racemus subdensi- florus; pedicelli 10 — 12 mm longi, simplices, tenues, tomentosi. Sepala 4 oblongo- cuneata, extus tomentosa, intus minute glandulosa, purpureo-rubra. Columna staminea sepalis aequilonga. Ovarium albido-pubescens; Stylus brevis, crassus; stigma late ex- pansum 3 — 4-lobum, lobi sulcati. Capsula 10 — 12 mm loDga, lobis stigmaticis turgidis coronata. Semina in exemplo fructifero 2 — 3 mm longa, sed forsan immatura. Austr.-malay ische Provinz: Cape York Peninsula in N. 0. Australien (Jardine!). 44. N. Jardinei F. M. Bailey in Queensl. Agric. Journ. I. (1897) 230, III. (1898) 355; Masters in Gard. Chron. s. 3. XXII. (1897) 337. — Planta robusta erecta brevis, non v. humiliter scandens. Caulis 1 — 2 m altus X 6 — 8 mm crassus erectus v. pro- stratus, nodosus, rhizomata et ramos ascendentes ferens. Folia 18 — 30 cm longa X 5 — 7 cm lata, omnia v. pleraque ascidiifera, subcoriacea, petiolata; petiolus 4 — 6 cm longus alatus, alae medio angustatae, basi expansae 1/2— amplexicaizles , vix v. leviter decurrentes, sursum gradatim in laminam ampliatae ; lamina oblongo-lanceolata, in cirrbum attenuata, supra glabra, subtus sparse albido- et stellato-pubescens, costa rubro-viridis us- que purpurea, margine non ciliata, nervi longitudinales in paria 7 rarius 6 dispositi, par intimum 8 — 10 mm, par secundum 13 — 16 mm, par tertium 16 — 20 mm, par quartum 19 — 24mm, par quintum 21 — 26 mm a costa remotum, paria reliqua proportione decrescente, nervi transversi radiati, reticulati; cirrhus 15 — 20 cm longus, rectus v. sinuosus, gradatim in basim ascidii recurvatam ampliatus; ascidia 10 — 20 cm longa X 4 — 6 cm lata, cylindracea, inferne leviter ventricosa, os versus vix contracta, purpureo- rubra, nervi longitudinales prominentes, alae ventrales angustae non ciliatae, rubrae, a basi ad os db sinuosae, os obliquum postice in collum latum triangulum elevatum; peristomium 5 — 6 mm latum, cylindricum, crebre striatum, postice sursum in collum prolongatum; operculum 4 — 5 cm X 3 — 4 cm, cordatum, rubrum, extus glabrum, intus ad marginem pubescens per totum glandulosum, glandulae multae diffusae; calcar 5 — 8 mm longum, planum, recurvatum; ascidium intus per dimidium superius glauco- purpureum v. purpureo-maculatum, opacum et deducens, inferne nitidum glandulosum et detinens. Inflorescentia 30 — 35 cm longa, (jf* longior quam Q ; pedicelli 12 — 15 mm longi, tenues. Sepala 4 ovalia, extus et margine interiore albido-tomentosa, intus glandulis multis minutis obsita. Columna staminea sepalis aequilonga, tenuis, glabra; antherae 1 2 — 1 6 convolutae, sub-biseriatae. Ovarium tomentosum; stigma sessile, 4-lobatum. Capsula 18 — 20 mm longa, valvae fusiformes, apice stigmatibus triangulis sulcatis coronatae. Austr.-malayische Provinz: Somerset, Cape York Peninsula in N. O.Australien (Jardine!). 45. N. Kennedyana F. Muell. Fragm. V. (1865) 154; Hook. f. in DC. Prodr. XVII. (1873) 98; Masters in Gard. Chron. I. (1882) 257, f. 36; G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gart. Zeitg. (1895) 218; Veitch, Hort. Veitchii (1906) 484. — K Kennedyi Benth. Fl. Austr. VI. (1873) 40; Bailey in Queensl. Agric. Journ. I (1897) 361, III. (1898) 354, Synop. Queensl. Flora (1883) 416. — Planta elongata scandens. Caulis 2 — 3 m longus X 6 — 7 mm crassus, cylindricus usque trigonus, juvenilis stellato-pubescens dein glaber. Folia 25 — 35 cm longa X 4 — 8 cm lata, membranacea v. subherbacea, petiolata; petiolus 4 — 7 cm longus, alatus, basi Ya-amplexicaulis , leviter decurrens, superne in laminam gradatim ampliatus; lamina oblongo-lanceolata, supra glabra subtus stellato- pubescens, margine tenuiter ciliata et pubescens, nervi longitudinales in paria 7 rarius 6 v. 8 dispositi, par intimum 6 — 10 mm, par secundum 9 — 15 mm, par tertium 12 — 22 mm a costa remotum, paria reliqua proportione decrescente distantia, nervi transversi radiati v. oblique ascendentes; cirrbus 15 — 20 cm longus, gracilis, inferne plano-convexus , superne in basim ascidii recurvatam ampliatus; ascidia 10 — 20 cm longa X 2 — 3,5 cm lata, monomorphia, elongato-cylindrica, dimidio inferiore leviter expansa, parte superiore os versus leviter contracta, sparse stellato-pubescentia, rubro- viridia v. rubra, alae ventrales basim versus angustae, os versus gradatim v. interrupte Nepenthes. 67 expansae et ± ciliatae; peristomium % — 4 mm latum, cylindricum, crebre striatum, postice non v. leviter elongatum; operculum 2,5 — 4 cm X 2 — 3,5 cm, oblongo- orbiculare, extus et margine intus stellato-pubescens, intus glandulis multis aequaliter dispersis obsitum; calcar 6 — 9 mm longum, planum, recurvum; ascidium intus per dimidium superius glauco-purpureum v. dh pui'pureo-maculatum et deducens, inferne glandulosum, glandulae parvae, multae, immersae. Inflorescentia (q^) 25 — 50 cm longa; pedunculus 10 — 30 cm longus, stellato-pubescens; pedicelli solitarii 10 — 12 mm longi, dense sericeo-pubescentes. Sepala elliptica v. obovata, extus albido-pubescentia demum fere glabra, intus glandulis multis minutis obsita. Austr.-malayische Provinz: Cape Sidmouth (Moore!); Cape York (Jardine!). Nota. Valde afOnis N. phyllamphora , sed satis distincta quae secundum geographiam pro spccie propria habeatur. Pubescentia copiosior, bases foliorum breviter decurrentes, alae ciliatae , operculum longius , coloris splendor ascidii cum peristomio angustiore hanc speciem definiunt. 46. N. Garrawayae F. M. Bailey in Queensl. Agric. Journ. XVI. (1906) 191 et icon. — Planta pumila non scandens. Folia 22 cm longa X 6,5 cm lata, herbacea, petiolata; petiolus alatus inferne semiamplexicaulis; lamina in cirrhum attenuata; cirrhus 12 — 15 cm longus, tenuis, aequus; ascidia 9 — 15 cm longa X 2,5 — 3,5 cm lata, inferne ± inflata, os versus angustata, per dimidium inferius viridia, per superius fusco-rubra, alae 5 — 6 mm latae, ciliatae, a basi ad os continuatae, fusco-rubrae ; os ovale; peristomium 5 — 6 mm latum postice non elongatum; operculum 4,5 — 5 cm longum X 3,5 cm latum, ovato-orbiculare, fusco-rubrum, intus glandulis minutis obsitum; calcar valde recurvatum; ascidium intus per dimidium superius glaucum et deducens, dein glandulosum et detinens. Austr.-malayische Provinz: Australien: "Between York Downs and Weipa" (R. W. Garraway). Nota. Species mihi non visa, secundum auctorem inter N. Bcrnaysii et N. Roivanae intermedia. 47. N. Beccariana Macfarlane n. sp. — Caulis 10 — 12 mm crassus, glaber. Folia 30 — 40 cm longa X 7 — 9 cm lata, crasse-herbacea ad subcoriacea, petiolata; petiolus 7 — 10 cm longus, alatus, alae inferne leviter expansae, 1/2~amplexicames > gradatim in laminam superne ampliatae, basim versus v. per totum supra et subtus fusco- v. ferru- gineo-hirsutae; lamina elliptico-lanceolata usque obovata, juventute ferrugineo-hirsuta demum fusco-puberula, Costa subtus prominens, sparse cirrhum versus fusco-hirsuta, nervi longitudinales in paria 7 — 8 dispositi, par intimum 12 — 20 mm, par secundum 18 — 30 mm, par tertium 23 — 38 mm a costa remotum, paria reliqua proportione de- crescente, nervi transversi numerosi, oblique ascendentes et paralleli; cirrhus 25 — 3 5 cm longus, crassus ± fusco-pubescens ; ascidia dimorphia; inferiora 15 — 18 cm longa X 4 — 5 cm lata, inferne urceolato-ventricosa, os versus tubulosa, extus et circum marginem exteriorem operculi juvenilia dense ferrugineo-pubescentia, demum punctato-puberula, alae ventrales inferne late expansae, superne gradatim angustatae, longe ciliatae, os obliquum ovatum postice in collum breve elongatum; peristomium 10 — 15 mm latum, uniusmodi, postice dr elongatum, margo exterior recurvatus, interior breviter serratus; operculum ■') — 7 cm longum X 3,5 — 5 cm latum, ovato-cordatum, extus et intus ± ferrugineo- hirsutum, intus per regionem mediam basalem amplificatum , per totum glandulosum, glandulae in medio numerosae aggregatae magnae , marginem versus minores ; oper- culum et ascidium extus glandulis magnis perithecioideis dispersis illecebrosis obsitum; calcar 12 — 15 mm longum, filiforme, apice clavatum; ascidium intus per dimidium superius purpureo-rubrum et coeruleo-maculatum opacum et deducens, inferne nitidum glandulosum et detinens, glandulae subapproximatae immersae; ascidia superiora 25 — 30 cm longa X 4 — 6 cm lata, cylindrica, alae ventrales ad lobos inaequales a nervis longitudinalibus Orientes reductae, peristomium angustius, magis elongatum et obliquum quam in ascidio inferiore. Flores et fructus ignoti. — Fig. 1 7. S.W. Malayische Provinz: Auf der Insel Pulo Nias bei Sumatra (Modigliani! in Herb. Beccar.). 5* 68 J. M. Macfarlane. — Nepenthaceae. Fig. 4 7. N. Beceariana Macf. A Lamina. B Ascidium inferius terrestre. C Asc. caulinum a glandulae perithecioideae allectantes, b glandulae operculi, c calcar, d—d area deducens> e — e area detinens. (Icon. origin.) Nepenthes. 69 Nota. Cujus speciei notabilis specimen unicum a cl. Beccari benigne mihi communi- catum est cui clarissimo viatori magna cum voluptate eandem dedico. 48. N. Rowanae F. M. Bailey in Queensl. Agric. Journ. I. (1 897) 231 cum t., III. (1898) 355; Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. XXII (1898) 192. — Planta robusta erecta non scandens. Caulis 0,75 — 1 m altus X 8- — -10 mm crassus, dense tomentosus. Folia 20 — 30 cm longa X 4 — 7 cm lata, coriacea, petiolata; petiolus late alatus, basi 1/2- amplexicaulis , alae decurrentes, sursum in laminam gradatim v. abrupte expansus; lamina elliptica apice peltata, supra sparse albido-pubescens, subtus rb pubescens, lateribus costae dense pubescens, nervi longitudinales in paria 7 — 8 dispositi, par intimum 8 mm, par secundum 13 — 14 mm, par tertium 17 — 18,5 mm, par quartum 20 — 21,5 mm a costa remotum, paria reliqua proportione decrescente, nervi transversi numerosi, leviter ascendentes; cirrhus 20 — 25 cm longus, plano-convexus et pro rata sparse pubescens, versus basim ascidii recurvatam gradatim ampliatus rotundatus et subdense pubescens; ascidia 15 — 20 cm longa X 5 — 8 cm lata, infundibuliibrmia v. pyriformia, ± pubescentia et brunneo punctata, sub peristomio dense brunneo-tomentosa, rubro-viridia v. lurido- viridia, alae ventrales aliquanto approximatae et ad nervös validos prominentes reductae quae a basi os versus continuatae sunt, os ovatum, obliquum, antice ± depressum; peri- stomium 8 — 20 mm latum, antice cylindricum, do planum, marginibus externis in partibus postico-lateralibus expansis; operculum 5 — 6 cm diametro, sub-orbiculare, extus glabrum et glandulis sparsis perithecioideis, intus glandulis multis magnis mediis et parvis lateralibus obsitum; calcar 12 — 15 mm longum, planum, tomentosum; ascidium intus ad 1 — 2 cm altitudinis planum, deducens, inferne nitidum glandulosum, glandulae immersae. Flores et fructus ignoti. Austr. -malayische Provinz: Somerset, Cape York Peninsula in N. 0. Australien (Eliis-Rowan!, F. L. Jardine!). 49. N. Treubiana Warburg in Englers Bot. Jahrb. XIII. (1891) 318. — N. Bo- schiana var. sumatrana Miq. Fl. Ind. bat. I. p. 1 (1855) 1074 et Suppl. 151; Hook, f. in DC. Prodr. XVII. (1873) 9 8. — N. maxinia var. sumatrana Beccari, Malesia III. (1886) 3. — Planta robusta scandens. Caulis 6 — 10 m altus X 8—12 mm crassus, trigonus v. subcylindricus, glaber, internodiis superioribus 2 — 5 cm longis, alatis. Folia 15 — 45 cm longa X 7 — 8 cm lata, coriacea, petiolata; petiolus 4 — 10 cm longus, i/i- amplexicaulis alatus, alae basi leviter expansae, oblique fere ad nodum inferiorem decurrentes, medium versus ± angustatae, gradatim in laminam ampliatae; lamina elliptica v. lato-lanceolata, apice in cirrhum attenuata v. leviter peltata, juvenilis ferru- gineo-pubescens demum glabra et minute punctata, nervi longitudinales in paria 7 — 10 dispositi, omnes pare intimo excepto a basi Orientes, par intimum 7 — 8 mm a costa remotum et a quarta parte inferiore oriens, par secundum 12 — 14mm, par tertium 16 — 20 mm a costa remotum, paria reliqua proportione decrescente, nervi transversi approximati, oblique ascendentes; cirrhus 20 — 35 cm longus cylindricus, gradatim in basim ascidii recurvatam ampliatus; ascidia 10 — 20 cm longa X 4 — 7 cm lata, juven- tute ferrugineo-pubescentia demum glabra, dimorphia; inferiora ampullacea v. ventricosa, alae ventrales basim versus 5 — 10 mm latae, ciliatae v. non ciliatae, sursum ad 10 — 15 mm sub peristomio in nervös prominentes aliquanto abrupte angustatae, os fere transversum postice leviter elongatum; ascidia superiora infundibuliformia, alae ventrales angustatae v. ad nervös prominentes reductae, os obliquum postice in collum triangulum elongatum, superficie viridi irregulariter purpureo-maculata et areolata; peristomium 15 — 20 mm latum, margine exteriore =b expansum, interiore incurvatum minute den- tatum; operculum orbiculare extus sparse pubescens v. glabrum, intus glandulis variae magnitudinis dense dispersis obsitum; calcar 6 — 8 mm longum planum; ascidium intus fere per totum nitidum glandulosum et detinens. Inflorescentia 4 0 — 60 cm longa dz ferrugineo-pubescens; pedunculus 10 — 15 cm longus validus; pedicelli 20 — 30 mm longi, tenues, basim versus saepe bracteolati, biflori v. apice racemi uniflori. Sepala 4, obo- vata, extus ferrugineo-tomentosa, intus glandulis multis minutis dense dispersis obsita. Columna staminea sepalis aequalis, glabra; antherae 24 — 30, densae, parvae, biseriatae. 70 J- M. Macfarlane. — Nepenthaceae. Ovarium obovatum, ferrugineo-pubescens ; lobi stigmatum trianguli. Capsula 20 — 22 mm longa zb curvata, valvae brunneo-nitidae sparse puberulae v. glabrae, raro glandulosae. Semina 7 — 8 mm longa, per embryonem ferruginea. S. W. Malayische Provinz; Sumatra: Bei Siboga (Teysmann n. 535 in Herb. Kew. ex Miquel!, in Herb. Calc, Kurz don. !, utraque sub nom. N. Boschiana var. sumatrcma, in Herb. Bot. Bog. sub nom. Nepenthes sp.!). Papuanische Provinz; Neu-Guinea: »Nicht selten an der Küste des Mac Cluers Golfes in holländisch Neu-Guinea an den Sandsteinabhängen« (Warburg n. 20581 in Herb. Berol.!). 50. N. echinostoma Hook. f. in DC. Prodr. XVII. (l 873) 95; Beccari, Malesia III. (1886) 9 t. II.; Macfarlane in Ann. of Bot. VII. (1893) 433. — Folia (solum nota) 45 — 60 cm longa X 6 — 9 cm lata, herbacea v. subcoriacea, petiolata; petiolus 6 — 8 cm longus, alatus, alae medio angustatae v. 0, ad basim leviter expansae et y2-amplexi- caules, sursum in laminam gradatim ampliatae, supra glaber; subtus dz fusco-hirsutus ; lamina elliptico-lanceolata, apice acuminata v. peltata, margine dz ciliato-denliculata, nervi longitudinales in paria 8 — 9 dispositi, par intimum 8 — 10 mm, par secundum 1 4 — 17mm, par tertium 20 — 24 mm, par quartum 2 6 — 31 mm, par quintum 30 — 36 mm a costa remotum, paria reliqua proportione decrescente, nervi transversi oblique ascendentes sinuosi, päralleli, 5 — 6 mm inter se distantes; cirrhus 30 — 50 cm longus, validus, aequalis, versus basim ascidii recurvatam leviter ampliatus; ascidium 12 — 20 cm longum X 4 — 5 cm latum, subcylindricum, a basi ad medium gradatim expansum, dein os versus contrac- tum, sparse fusco-hirsutum usque glabrum, alae ventrales angustae non ciliatae, os ovale obliquum in collum triangulum leviter elongatum; peristomium 1 5 — 1 8 mm latum, superfi- cies in seriem exteriorem et interiorem dentium 10 — 12 mm longorum incurvorum dissecta, dentes exteriores pyramidati apice meatu singulo, dentes interiores lati, plani, 2 — 3- fidi et eodem numero meatuum; operculum oblongum, intus glandulosum, glandulae per medium magnae, marginem versus parvae; calcar 12 — 15 mm longum, flexuosum, obtusum; ascidium intus per dimidium superius glaucum v. purpureo-coeruleum, opacum et deducens, inferne viridi-luteum, nitidum, glandulosum et detinens. Flores et fructus ignoti. S. W. Malayische Provinz; Borneo: Diese Art ist nur in zwei Blättern be- kannt, die Beccari bei Sarawak in Kutcing gesammelt hat. Eines dieser Blätter ist jetzt im Herbarium Beccari, das andere im Herb. Kew (Beccari n. 12l!)> 51. N. Burbidgei Hook. f. ex Burbidge in Gard. Chron. I. (1882) 56; Burbidge, Gard. of Sun, sine nom. (1880) 107, app. 343; Beccari, Malesia III. (1886) 6. — Planta robusta, alte scandens. Caulis 12 — 15 m altus X 12 — 15 mm crassus, acute triangulus, alatus v. jugosus, juventute brunneo-puberulus demum punctatus, internodia in speciminibus notis 7 — 10 cm longa, alterne angulis duobus alata v. jugosa, angulo tertio nuda. Folia 20 — 35 cm longa X 6 — 8 cm lata, coriacea, longe-petiolata; petiolus 7 — 10 cm longus, alatus, alae medio angustatae, basim versus gradatim expansae, */j — 1/2 amplexicaules et ad nodum inferiorem decurrentes, aliquanto abrupte in laminam superne expansae; lamina elliptica in cirrhum attenuata, supra glabra et brunneo-punctata, subtus sparse pubescens usque glabra et punctata, margine dense ferrugineo-pubescente, nervi longitudinales in paria 3 — 4 dispositi, sub-marginati, par intimum 18 — 30 mm, par secundum 21 — 35 mm, par tertium 23 — 38 mm, par quartum 24 — 39,5 mm a costa remotum, nervi transversi radiantes ascendentes, inferiores oblique nervis longitudinalibus conjuncti; cirrhus 20 — 25 cm longus X 1,5 — 2 cm latus dz brunneo-pubescens, in basim ascidii recurvatam zb abrupte ampliatus; ascidia 6 — 10 cm longa X 3 — 5 cm lata, ut cognita monomorphia (sed verisimile dimorphia), infundibuliformia, ad os leviter contracta, rh pubescentia v. subhirsuta, zona dense tomentosa sub peristomio instructa, murreo- alba purpureo-maculata, alae ventrales inferne forma nervorum prominentium evolutae, dein medium versus ampliatae ciliatae, os versus dz angustatae, os circulare trans- versum, postice in collum elevatum; peristomium 8 — 12 mm latum, cylindricum, aequale, postice in collum 1 — 2 cm elevatum, crebre albo- et purpureo-striatum ; oper- culum late cordatum, margine undulatum, extus sparse puberulum, purpureo- et albido- ad Nepenthes. 7 j viridi-striatum , intus basi carinatum, carina valida multiglandulosa , superficies per totum glandulosa, glandulae cireulares vulgo diffusae; calcar 8 — 10 mm longum crassum, obtusum, pubescens; ascidium intus per totum nitidum, glandulosum et detinens, v. area superior postice triangularis glauca et deducens, glandulae supra multae, minutae, infra majores et pauciores. Flores et fructus ignoti. S. W. Malayische Provinz; Borneo: Auf dem Marie Parie Spur des Berges Kina Balu am 1 000 — 1200 m (Low!, Burbidge!). Nota. Cuius speciei pulchrae specimina a cl. Low primum lecta sunt, qui eam appella- vit "the painted Nepenthes" (in Herb. Kew.). Quam speciem post annos triginta Burbidge cum collegisset novam esse cognovit. 52. N. Boschiana Korthals, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. (1839) 25 t. 2 et 4 f. 39 — 54; Blume, Mus. bot. lugd. batav. II. (1852) 8; Miq. Fl. Ind. bat. I. p. 1 (1855) 1074 et Suppl. 151; Hook. /. in DC. Prodr. XVII (1873) 98; Beccari, Malesia I. (1877) 214, III. (1886) 9 in parte sub nom. N. maxima; Burbidge. Gard. of Sun (1880) 107; G. Beck in Wien 111. Gart. Zeitg. (1895) 184: non N. Boschiana var. sumatrana Miq. 1. c. 1074; nee Hook. f. in DC. Prodr. 1. c. 98 quae N. Treubiana sunt. — Planta robusta, alte scandens. Caulis 5 — 10 m altus X 8 — 12 mm crassus, subtrigonus, alatus, juventute ferrugineo-hirsutus demum glaber. Folia 20 — 30 cm longa X 5 — 7 cm lata, coriacea, petiolata; petiolus 4 — 9 cm longus, alatus, i/2 amplexicaulis, alae amplae, ad 2 — 3 cm decurrentes, sursum gradatim in laminam attenuatae; lamina elliptico-lanceolata usque ovata, apice acuta, supra glabra, costa db villosa, subtus brunneo-hirsuta demum brunneo-punetata, nervi longitudinales in paria 3 — 4 dispositi, par ultimum 18 — 20 mm, par seeundum 21 — 25 mm, par tertium 23 — 28 mm, par quartum 2 4 — 30 mm a costa remotum, nervi transversi irregulariter radiantes, ascendentes, 2 — 3 mm distantes; cirrhus 20 — 35 cm longus, validus, sursum gradatim in basim aseidii ampliatus, pilosus v. puberulus, demum glaber; aseidia 10 — 35 cm longa dimorphia v. trimorphia, inferne viridia v. rubro-viridia , superne et per operculum pallido-viridia, purpureo-maculata; aseidia inferiora 10 — 15 cm longa X 7 — 8 cm lata, urceolata, alae ventrales amplae expansae, os circulare, postice non v. leviter in Collum elevatum; peristomium 7 — 10 mm latum, aequale; aseidia superiora subeylindrica usque infundibuliformia, basis leviter ventricosa, alae ventrales inferne ad cristas angustas v. nervös prominentes reduetae, superne gradatim os versus in alas ciliatas ampliatae vel sursum forma nervorum prolongatae, os ovatum, postice in collum 2 — 4 cm alte elongatum; peristomium 1 5 — 25 mm latum, obliquum, margine exteriore antice expansum, recurvatum, margine interiore ineurvatum denticulatum , postice gradatim angustatum et in Collum elevatum, Striae distinetae prominentes; operculum cordato-orbiculare, extus ferrugineo- pubescens et glan- dulis parvis illecebrosis diffusis obsitum, intus basi in carinam auriculatam ampliatum, glandulosum, glandulae per medium magnae, sparsae, ad marginem minores copiosiores; calcar 1 0 — 1 2 mm longum, ferrugineo-pubescens ; ascidium intus glaueo-purpureum, opacum et deducens per cinetum angustum sub peristomio et per collum, inferne nitidum glan- dulosum et detinens, glandulae ovales, immersae, discrelae. Forma tertia aseidii media inter duas supra descriptas producta est. Inflorescentia 30 — 70 cm longa, dense ferrugineo- hirsuta; pedunculus 6 — 10 cm longus, in planus q1 brevior quam in Q ; pedicelli inferne biflori superne uniflori. Sepala ovalia extus et margine interiore ferrugineo-tomentosa, intus glandulis multis diffusis obsita. Columna staminea. 4 mm longa, infra ferrugineo- pubescens, supra glabra; antherae 8, 1-seriatae. Ovarium subquadrangulare pubescens. Capsula I 5 — 2 5 mm longa, aliquanto angustata zt pubescens demum nitida; lobi stigmatici sessiles, obscure bilobi. Semina 7 — 1 0 mm longa, tenuia; testa circum embryonem brunnea. S.W. Malayische Provinz; Borneo: Auf dem Berg Sakoembang, 1000m (Korthals!); auf dem Berg Mooloo (Low!, Beccari!); bei dem Flusse Lawas (Low!, Burbidge!); auf dem Berg Dulit, 1000 — 1500 m (Haviland-Hose, n. 3304!). Einheim. Name: Dawon-sompitan. 53. N. alata Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. 1. (1837) 805, ed. 2. (1845) 555, ed. 3. III. (1879) 214, IV. 173; Hook. f. in DC. Prodr. XVII. (1873) 99; G. Beck in Wien. 111. 72 J. M. Macfarlane. — Nepenlbaceae. Gart. Zeitg. (1895) 221. — Planta terrestris v. epiphytica, scandens. Caulis 1 — 3 m altus X 8 — 10 mm crassus, obluse trigonus, ramosus, juvenilis tomentosus demum glaber, viridis usque purpureus. Folia 10 — 30 cm longa X 2,5 — 4 cm lata, herbacea v. subcoriacea, petiolata; petiolus 3 — 6 cm longus, ad y$ — xji amplexicaulis , alatus, alae gradatim in laminam sursum dilatatae, supra fere glabrae cum areis axillaribus ferrugineo-hirsutis, subtus pilis dispei'sis obsitae; lamina elliptica usque lanceolata, apice superficie superiore cirrhi acuminata, juvenilis fusco- usque ferrugineo-pubescens demum glabra et fusco-punctata, nervi longitudinales in paria 3rarius 4 dispositi, par intimum 10 — 20 mm a costa remotum et oblique ab ea abiens spatio parlis terliae basis defl- ciens, par'secundum 14 — 27 mm, par tertium 16 — 30 mm a costa remotum, utrumque a basi laminae oriens, nervi transversi costae rectae v. zt deflexae; cirrhus 12 — 22 cm longus, infra tenuis, gradatim ad basim ascidii ampliatus, dz pubescens v. glaber; ascidia 8 — 20 cm longa X 2 — 5 cm lata, monomorphia v. dimorphia; inferiora cylin- drico-ventricosa, superiora cylindrica, herbacea ad coriacea, albido- v. fusco- et stellato- pubescentia, nervi longitudinales et transversi numerosi, alae ventrales infra nervös pro- minentes formantes, sursum in laminas ciliatas expansae; os ovatum obliquum, postice ± in collum breve trianguläre productum; peristomium 5 — 20 plerumque 7 — 10 mm latum, cylindricum, aequale v. rarissime regione exteriore per marginem postico-lateralem late expansum, postice sub operculo marginibus parallelis et approximatis, crebre striatum; operculum submembranaceum, ovato- ad orbiculari-cordatum , extu# stellato-pubescens, intus carina basali auriculata copiose glandulosa et glandulis multis minutis circularibus nectariferis obsitum; calcar 8 — 12 mm longum filiforme; ascidium intus per totum dimi- dium superius coeruleo-purpureum opacum et deducens, inferne luteo-viride ad fuscum nitidum glandulosum et detinens, basim versus glandulae magnae exsertae et discretae. In- florescentia 25 — 70 cm longa, tf longior quam Q; pedunculus 10 — 30 cm longus, fusco- v. ferrugineo-pubescens; pedicelli 10 — 14 mm longi, interdum basim versus bracteolati, uniflori. Sepala 4 — 5 mm longa, obovata, extus et margine intus tomentosa, intus purpurea et glandulis multis nectariferis dispersis obsita. Columna staminea infra puberula, supra glabra; antherae 8 — 10, uni- v. sub-biseriatae. Pistillum 4-carpellatum; ovarium albido- ad ferrugineo-tomentosum ; stigmata 4 triangula, sulcata. Capsula 20 — 25 mm longa, fusiformis, nitida, punctata v. sparse pubescens. Semina 12 — 14 mm longa; testa circum embryonem undulata. Provinz der Philippinen: "Often abundant and forming thickets by streams" bis zu 1000 m auf dem Berg Mariveles in Luzon (Williams!), und bis 2 400 m auf dem Berg Apo in Südost-Mindanao (Williams); Ins. Luzon: Vintar (Blanco); Tonglon (Loher n. 415!); Dupax in Prov. Nueva Vircaya (Vidal n. 3 944!); Lampola (Warburg n. 13 119); auf dem Bex'g Mariveles in der Prov. Bataan (Vidal, Meyer n. 2 211!, Merrill n. 3229!, 518l!, Eimer n. 5854!, 7022!, Borden n. 1375! Whitford n. 419!, Williams n. 402.!, 664!); auf dem Berg Isarog (Vidal); Prov. Albay (Cuming n. 947!); Tinnan Fluss in Prov. Infanta (Whitford n. 805!); Baguis (Merrill n. 4 655!, Topping n. 76, Curran n. 4 832!); Lueban (Eimer n. 5 854!); Trinidad (Williams n. 1012!); Benguet (Loher n. 416!); Ins. Panay (Cuming n. 1682!); Ins. Bohol Cuming n. 1812!); Ins. Mindanao, Bogobo auf dem Berg Apo (Williams n. 2 560!); Surigao (Bolster n. 258!, 270!). Einheim. Namen: » Bat-batidor, Cadung, Igorrote, Tumahaha« (Vidal); » Inomangcalao« (Borden). Var. ß. ecristata Macfarlane var. nov. — Carina operculi reducta v. 0, glandulae operculi paucae, mediocres usque magnae, irregulariter dispersae. Mindanao: Prov. Misamis, auf dem Berg Malindang (Mearns u. Hutchinson n. 4632!). Var. y. biflora Macfarlane var. nov. — Glandulae operculi in medio parvae similes, marginem versus magnae et irregulariter dispersae. Pedicelli 2- rarissime 1-flori. Negros: Westl. Prov. Negros, auf dem Berg Selay (Whitford n. 1537!). Nepenthes. 73 54. N. Veitchii Hook. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XXII. (1859) 421 ubi cit. est descr. in Bot. Magaz. (1858) t. 5 0 80 sub nom. N. villosa err., et in DC. Prodr. XVII (4 873) 96; Masters in Gard. Chron. (1872) 542; Andre in 111. Hort. XXIII. (1876) 192, cum icon. 261 quae N. lanata err. nom. est; Burbidge in Fl. Mag. s. %. (1877) pl. 265 et in Gard. of Sun (1880) 60, in Garden XXVII. (1880) 542, pl. 237; Masters in Gard. Chron. s. 2. XVI. (1881) 780, f. 152, 781; Burbidge in Gard. Chron. XVII. (1882) 56; Watson in Gard. Chron. s. 3. XX. (1896) 239; Burbidge in Journ. Boy. Hort. Soc. XXI. (1897) 259; Miller in Cycl. Amer. Hort. III. (1901) 1072; Veitch, Hort. Veitchii (1906) 484. — N. lanata Lindl. in Gard. Chron. {1854) 375 (nom. nud. sine descr.); Andre in 111. Hort. XXIII. (1876) t. 261, vide supra; Masters in Gard. Chron. s. 2. XVII. (1882) 178; Beccari, Malesia (1886) 6; Veitch, Hort. Veitchii (1906) 302. — N. villosa Hook. f. in Bot. Magaz. LXXXIV. (1858) t. 5080; Lemaire in 111. Hort. XVI. (1869) 45. — X. sanguinea Masters in Gard. Chron. s. 2. XVIII. (1882) 808 nom. err. pro N. Veitchii quae descr. et depict. est. — Planta epiphytica prostrata, disticha, luteo-viridis. Caulis \ — 1,5 m longus X 8 — 12 mm crassus, cylindricus v. plerumque ellipticus, sinuosus nodis distichis, internodia brevia v. dt elongata saepe per superficiem glandulis allectantibus tuberculata, fusco-villosa. Folia 15 — 50 cm longa X 5 — 10 cm lata, alternantia, saepe decurvata et circa arborem amplexicaulia, coriacea, petiolata; petiolus 3 — 10 cm longus, lateraliter compressus, alatus, alae verticales medium versus angustatae, ad basim dila- tatae et ad 7/s amplexicaules oblique decurrentes, externe glandulis allectantibus ± tuberculatae, superne in laminam abrupte v. gradatim ampliatae; lamina late elliptica v. obovata, apice acuta obtusa truncata v. cordata, in foliis non ascidiiferis amplissima, in foliis ascidia magna gerentibus ± reducta, supra luteo-viridis glabra, subtus rufo- v. fusco-villosa, margine fusco-ciliata , nervi longitudinales in paria 5 rarius 4 v. 6 dispositi, omnia a basi orientia et ad apicem in cirrhum incurvata, par intimum 15 — 20 mm, par secundum 22 — 30 mm, par tertium 26 — 36 mm, par quarlum 29 — 40 mm, par quintum 30,5 — 42 mm a costa remotum, nervi transversi versus costam angulorecto dispositi, costa crassa subtus prominens; cirrhus 8 — 20 cm longus X 2 — 3 mm crassus, sursum in ascidium gradatim ampliatus, fusco-villosus; ascidia 12 — 30 cm longa X 5 — 8 cm lata, monomorphia, oblique inserta, cylindrico-ovata v. subcylindrica, luteo-viridia rarius rubro-viridia maculis purpureis, fusco-villosa, alae ventrales expansae ciliatae basim versus angustatae ante os auriculatae, v. alae angustae, leviter v. non ciliatae, os ovatum obliquum postice in Collum triangulum elongatum; peristomium 15 — 60 mm latum, antice angustatum marginibus incurvatis et recurvatis, lateraliter cxtus late expansum et ad marginem planum v. undulatum, intus zh inclinatum margine pectinatum, superficies per marginem interiorem dense et crebre striata, Striae mar- ginem exteriorem versus divergentes, luteo-viridis v. rubro-viridis ; operculum 4 — 8 cm longum X 3 — 5 cm latum, ovato-oblongum, luteo-viride , v. rubro-viride , extus fusco- villosum, intus sparse villosum, basi in carinam auriculatam expansum, glandulosum, glandulae per medium magnae, ovales, marginem versus minores; calcar 15 — 20 mm longum, recurvatum; ascidium intus per collum triangulum glauco-viride, opacum et deducens, ab ore inferne viride v. luteo-fuscum, nitidum glandulosum et detinens, glan- dulae superne parvae, immersae, inferne magnae, ovales, discretae, dz exsertae. In- florescentia 25 — 35 cm longa, fusco-tomentosa; pedunculus 12 — 15 cm longus; racemus subdensiflorus v. densiflorus; pedicelli 8 — 10 mm longi, biflori, rarius versus apicem racemi uniflori. Flores 7 — 8 mm diametro. Sepala obovata ; extus fusco- v. rufo- tomentosa, intus glandulis mulfis minutis dispersis obsita. Columna staminea tenuis, sepalis longior, sparse villosa; antherae 8 uniseriatae dz convolutae. Ovarium ellip— ticum, rufo-tomentosum; stigma peltatum quadrilobatum. Capsula 25 mm longa, lineari-lanceolata, nitida, sparse villosa, valvae lanceolatae stigmate piano triangulo coronatae. S. W. Malayische Provinz; Borneo: Auf dem Berg Gunorig Mooloo, 300 — 900 m (Lobb n. 145!); Gunong Mooloo und Lawas Fluss (Low!); Lawas Fluss (Burbidge!); auf dem Berg Santubong bei Kutcing (Beccari!). 74 J« M. Macfarlane. — IS'epenthaceae. 55. N. stenophylla Masters in Gard. Chron. s. 3. VIII. (1890) 240, XI. (1892) 402 cum icon. 58, 401; G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gart. Zeitg. (1895) 224; Veitch, Hort. Veitchii (1906) 303, 486. — Planta gracilis, ramosa, scandens. Caulis 2 — 3 m longus X 3 — 6 mm crassus, cjlindricus, glaber, minute fusco-punctatus, internodiis inferne brevibus, superne 2 — 3 cm longis. Folia 15—25 cm longa X 2 — 3,5 cm lata, subcoriacea, petiolata; petiolus 3 — 6 cm longus alatus, alae a basi laminae deorsum gradatim angustatae et verticaliter directae, basim versus leviter expansae et ad 1/i — ya amplexicaules ; lamina lanceolata v. elliptico-lanceolata, inferne in alas petiolares et superne in cirrhum attenuata, supra glabra subtus fusco-punctata et sparse puberula, marginibus leviter ciliatis, nervi longitudinales in paria 3 dispositi, omnes a basi folii Orientes, par intimum 6 — 8 mm, par secundum 8 — 11 mm, par tertium 8,5 — 10 mm a costa remotum, nervi transversi valde obscuri, irregulariter ascendentes et reticulati; cirrhus 10 — 20 cm longus, gracilis, concavo-convexus, sursum leviter ampliatus, in basim ascidii abrupte expansus, =b fusco-punctatus et puberulus; ascidia 8 — 15 cm longa X 1,5 — 2,5 cm lata, tubulosa, inferne dz ventricosa, medium versus angustata, dein sursum in os obliquum expansa, pallido-viridia maculis et areolis purpureis diffusis, dr fusco-puberula, alae ventrales inferne in nervös reductae, medium versus gradatim ex- pansae non ciliatae, superne 2 — 3 mm latae et sub peristomio abrupte rotundatae et ciliatae, os 2 — 5 cm X 1 — 2,5 cm ovato-elongalum admodum obliquum; peristomium 5 — 7 mm latum, valde obliquum, cylindricum, antice quam postice angustius, marginibus sub operculo appositis, crebre striatum, rubrum; operculum 2 — 3 cm longum X 1,5 — 2,5 cm latum, ovato-cordatum , extus fusco-puberulum et punctatum, intus ad basim carina media levi et glandulis multis parvis circularibus dispersis obsitum; calcar 7 — 10 mm longum, puberulum, filiforme; ascidium intus per dimidium v. duas partes superiores glauco-purpureum v. purpureo-maculatum , opacum et deducens, inferne niti- dum glandulosum et detinens, glandulae copiosae, discretae, expositae. Flores et fructus ignoti. S. W. Malayische Provinz; Borneo (Curtis ex hört. Veitch!). 56. N. maxima Reinw. in litt, ad Nees v. Esenbeck in Ann. sc. nat. III. (182 4) 369 t. 20, f. 2; Blume, Mus. bot. lugd. batav. II. (1852) 8; Miq. Fl. Ind. batav. I. p. 1 (1855) 1075; Hook. f. in DC. Prodr. XVII. (1873) 105; Beccari, Malesia III. (1886) 9 ex parte. — JSf. Celebica Hook. f. in DC. Prodr. XVII. (1873) 100. — X Curtisii Mast, in Gard. Chron. II. (1887) 681,. 689 f. 133; Hook. f. in Bot. Magaz. (1891) t. 7138; Masters in Illustr. Hort. XXXV. (1888) 65 t. 59, et in Gard. Chron. II. (1889) 661 f. 90. — N. fallax G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gart. Zeitg. (1895) 191. — Planta saepe robusta alte scandens. Caulis 6 — 10 m altus X 10 — 12 mm crassus, juvenilis fulvo- v. ferrugineo-pubescens, demum sparse pubescens v. glaber. Folia 18 — 40 cm longa X 5 — 8 cm lata, sub-coriacea v. coriacea, petiolata; petiolus 4 — 10 cm longus, alatus, alae verticales medio angustatae, basim versus gradatim ampliatae, divergentes, ad !/2 — 2/3 amplexicaules, basi non v. leviter decurrentes, in laminam sursum aliquanto abrupte ampliatae, marginibus fusco-ciliatis; lamina elliptica v. oblongo-lanceolata, lucido-viridis v. luteo-viridis, supra glabra, subtus juventute stel- lato-pubescens demum fusco-punctata, costa supra dense hirsuta demum glabra, subtus ferrugineo-puberula, marginibus db ferrugineo-ciliatis, apice acuminata, rotundata, v. rb peltata, nervi longitudinales obscuri, in dimidio superiore laminae in paria 3 dispositi, par intimum 22 — 30 mm, par secundum 27 — 38 mm, par tertium 28 — 40 mm a costa remotum, omnes inferne oblique in costam vergentes, v. nervi omnes a costa oblique Orientes et irregulariter nervis transversis conjuncti; cirrhus 15 — 25 cm longus, sparse hirsutus et stellato-pubescens, sursum in basim ascidii recurvatam gradatim ampliatus; ascidia 10 — 25 cm longa, X 3 — 5 cm lata, dimorphia v. trimorphia; inferiora inferne ventricosa superne cylindrica, alae ventrales basi 0 v. angustae dein abrupte ampliatae, ciliatae et ad os continuatae ; ascidia intermedia cylindrica, alae ventrales angustatae non v. vix ciliatae; ascidia superiora infundibuliformia, alae ventrales ad nervös pro- minentes reductae, ascidia ongnia luteo- v. pallido-viridia, diffuse maculis et areolis Nepenthes. 75 purpureis obtecta, ± pubescentia zona fulva v. ferrugineo-tomentosa sub peristomio instructa, os ovatum obliquum postice in collum triangulum elongatum; peristomium Fig. 18. Nepenthes maxima Reinw. A Caulis et partes foliorum. B Ascidium. C Inflor. <3 pars. D Inflor. g pars. E Fl. $ auctus. F Fl. Q auctus. G Fructus dehiscens. H Semina. (Icon. origin.) 76 J. M. Macfarlane. — Nepenthaceae. 10 — 30 mm latum, antice angustatum convexum, margine exteriore sinuosum intus denticulatum, parte postico-laterali ad marginem exteriorem late expansum, ad marginem interiorem denticulatum, postice in Collum elongatum, superficie viridi-purpureum ad purpureum; operculum 3 — 6 cm longum X 2,5—4 cm latum, cordatum, extus sparse stellato-pubescens v. glabrum, intus nervo medio percursum, qui basim versus in cari- nam auriculatam simplicem — rarius 2 — 3-lobatam — expansus et versus apicem in calcar elongatum prolongatus est, superficie basim versus per carinam et marginem versus copiose glandulosum; calcar 12 — 15 mm longum filiforme, a collo 5 — 8 mm sub insertione operculi oriens; ascidium intus sub margine et per Collum triangulum v. etiam ad dimidium glaucum v. glauco-purpureum opacum et deducens, inferne glandulosum et detinens. Inflorescentia 30 — 50 cm longa; pedunculus 10 — 15 cm longus viridis, pubescens; racemus simplex laxiflorus; pedicelli 20 — 25 mm longi, gra- ciles, inferne biflori, superne uniflori. Sepala elliptica, extus pubescentia demum sub- glabra, intus glandulosa. Columna staminea sepalis aequilonga v. longior; antherae 8 uniseriatae. Ovarium ovato-quadrangulare , sulcatum, pubescens; stigma 4-lobatum. Capsula 30 — 35 mm longa, fusiformis, sparse pubescens, punctata. Semina 20 — 25 mm longa; testa circum embryonem brunnea, alis colore stramineo. — Fig. 18. Centro-malayische Pro vinz; Celebes: Auf dem Berg Rumengan (Reinwardt n. 1537!); ohne genauen Standort (Meyer! = N. Celebica Hook. f. 1. c.) ; Gutuing Abaawa (Forsten n. 301 !). — Amboina: Ohne genauen Standort (Christopher Smith n. 174!, Teysmann n. 26a!, Beccari). S.W. Malayische Provinz; Borneo: Sarawak (Beccari n. 2386!); ohne Standort (Curtis!). Papuanische Provinz; Neu-Guinea: Auf dem Berg Arfak (Beccari!) ; Sogari Gegend (Forbes n. 643!). Nota. Ex synonymia speciei supra descripta una cum N. Boschiana hanc parum intelligi satis constat. Foliorum structura et venis, ascidii figura et colore, operculi duobus processibus, fructu et serainibus maximis, facillime a ceteris distinguitur. Reinwardtii speciraina N. maximae in Herb. Kew. asservata atque specimina N. Curtisii Mast, et viva et exsiccata sine ullo dubio ad unara eandemque speciem pertinent. Descriptio Reinwardtii forsan nimis brevis sed accurata et omnino definita est. 57. N. Lowii Hook. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. XXII. (1859) 420 t. 71, et in DC. Prodr. XVII. (1873) 94; Spencer St. John, Life For. Far East II. (1862) 279, 338, 343; Burbidge, Gardens of Sun (1880) 99, 284; Macfarlane in Ann. of Bot. VII. (1893) 429 et seq., pl. 20; Whitehead, Explor. Mt. Kina Balu (1893) 166; Burbidge in Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. XXI. (1897) 258. — Planta robusta, terrestris v. epiphytica, scandens. Caulis 2 — 4 m longus X 6 — 7 mm crassus, cylindricus, glaber. Folia 20 — 35 cm longa X 6 — 10 cm lata, coriacea, petiolata; petiolus 5 — 8 cm longus, ± puberulus, alatus, basi oblique ad ^ — 2/3 amplexicauli, alae angustae verticales sursum in lami- nam abrupte ampliatae; lamina elliptica v. obovata, lucido-viridis, supra glabra, subtus furfuraceo-puberula, nervi longitudinales in paria 3 — 4 dispositi, sinuosi, par intimum 25 — 35 mm, par secundum 30 — 43 mm, par tertium 33 — 47 mm, par quartum 35 — 50 mm a costa remotum, nervi transversa sinuosi, laxe reticulati; cirrhus 15 — 20 cm longus, validus, in basim ascidii ventricosam aliquanto abrupte expansus; ascidia di- morphia 10 — 20 cm longa X 5 — 15 cm lata; inferiora (fide Whitehead 1. c. 166) pyriformia ad ventricosa, viridia, margine rubro-lineari; superiora oblique curvata, dimidium inferius valde ventricosum, medio constrictum, dimidium superius os versus gradatim et oblique expansum, per totum pallido-viride demum brunneum coriaceum, alae ventrales ad nervös prominentes reductae v. costis sub peristomio jugo transverso con- junctae, os obliquum ovatum, postice in Collum leviter elongatum ; peristomium simplex erectum, margine aequali, non v. leviter reflexo, superficies interior remote striata et serie orum glandularum marginalium obsita; operculum 6 — 12 cm longum X 4 — 8 cm latum, crassum concavum, ovatum, basi profunde cordatum v. subauriculatum, extus et margine interiore villosum v. brunneo-punctatum , intus setis multis longis rigidis per latus Nepenthes. 77 utrumque lineae mediae v. aequaliter dispersis et glandulis multis perithecioideis immersis intermixtis obsitum; calcar 20 — 30 mm longum attenuatum, sub apice colli insertum; ascidium intus primo glauco-viride maculis rubro-fuscis demum fuscum nitidum, per totum glandulosum, glandulae superne parvae discretae rb immersae, inferne magnae, coarctatae, nudae. Inflorescentia 20 — 30 cm longa; pedunculus 10 — 15 cm longus X 6 — 8 mm crassus; racemus densiflorus, ferrugineo-tomentosus; pedicelli 20 — 25 mm longi, biflori, basi bracteolati. Sepala elliptica v. obovata, extus et per marginem in- teriorem puberula, intus per medium glandulosa. Columna staminea basi villosa, superne glabra, sepalis aequalis; antherae 8 — 12, uniseriatae. Ovarium ovatum, dense ferrugineo-pubescens; stigma 4-lobum. Capsula 20 — 22 mm longum X 5 — 7 mm latum oblongum, ± pubescens, stigma- tibus bilobis expansis. — Fig. 1 9. S. W. Malayische Provinz; Bor- neo: Auf dem Berge Kina Balu, 2000 — 2500 m (Low!); auf dem Kiau Bücken des Kina Balu (Spencer St. John); auf Kiau und auf dem Marie Parie Spur, 1500 m (Burbidge!); Kiau und Melung- kap des Kina Balu (Whitehead!). 58. N. Macfarlanei Hemsley in Proc. Linn. Soc. (1905) 12 et in Gard. Chron. s. 3. XXXVII. (1905) 241, 26 0, in Hook. Icon. pl. XXIX. (1906) t. 2814, 2815. — Planta scandens saepe epi- phytica. Caulis 2 — 3 m altus X 6 — 8 mm crassus, ± trigonus, sulcatus, glaber praeter axillas foliorum, juvenilis dense ferrugineo-hirsutus, demum sub- glaber. Folia 6 — 20 cm longa X 2 — 3,5 cm lata, sessilia, semiamplexicaulia, coriacea, ovato-lanceolata ad obovata, apice in cirrhum abrupte rotundata, glabra praeter costam supra puberulam , infra glabra, nervi longitudinales in paria 4 dispositi, par intimum a triente inferiore costae oriens et ab ea 8 — 12 mm remo- tum, par secundum 10 — 14 mm, par tertium 10 — 13,5 mm, par quartum 11,5 — 15 mm a costa distans, nervi transversi obscuri, rectangule v. leviter Fig. 19. Nepenthes Loivii Hook. f. A Ascidium v. obliquiirregulariterreticulati;cirrhus10 — fronte visum, a os glandulae marginalis, b oper- 20 cm longus aequalis, in basim ascidii culum Pilos ,ong°s et glandulas depressas perithe- recurvatam abrupte ampliatus, juvenilis "oideas gerens. B FIos <3. _ O Fl. Q. D Capsula, dense pubescens demum supra ± pubes- l ' '°' '' cens, subtus glaber; ascidia 8 — 15 cm longa X 2,5 — 4 cm lata, juvenilia ferrugineo-pubescentia demum sparse pubescentia ad brunneo-punctata, pallido- v. albido-viridia maculis magnis purpureis, dimorphia v. sub- trimorphia; ascidia inferiora subovata v. ventricosa, alae ventrales inferne angustae, sursum gradatim ampliatae et ciliatae, os ovatum obliquum in Collum triangulum leviter elongatum; peristomium antice cylindricum, margine exteriore postico-laterali leviter dilatatum, tenuiter striatum, margine interiore pectinatum; operculum 3 — 4,5 cm latum cordato-orbiculare, extus glabrum, intus setis longis unicellularibus rigidis deflexis et 78 J. M. Macfarlanc. — Nepenthaceae. glandulis magnis circularibus nectariferis intermixtis obsitum; calcar 8 — 10 mm longum gi'acile; ascidium intus per trientem v. dimidium superius glauco-purpureum opacum et deducens, inferne nitidum et glandulosum ; ascidia superiora cylindrica v. infundibuli- formia, basi a cirrho abrupte ampliata, alae ventrales angustae non ciliatae v. ad nervös prominentes reductae, os transversum v. leviter obliquum, vix v. non in collum eleva- tum; peristomium aequale cylindrieum; ascidium intus in formis cylindricis per trientem v. dimidium superius glauco-purpureum et deducens, inferne glandulosum, in formis infundibuliformibus per superficiem triangulam superiorem postice glauco-purpureum opacum et deducens, inferne glandulosum. Inflorescentia 15 — 25 cm longa, pedunculus 1 0 — 1 5 cm longus, juventute ferrugineo-pubescens demum glaber ; racemus subdensiflorus ; pedicelli 10 — 12 mm longi, ferrugineo-hirsuti, biflori, ad furcam bracteolati. Sepala 4 ovalia v. ovata, extus ferrugineo-pubescentia, intus glabra et glandulis multis parvis obsita. Columna staminea sepalis aequalis, inferne ferrugineo-puberula, superne glabra ; antherae 6, uniseriatae. Ovarium breviter stipitatum , ovatum, pubescens. Capsula 18' — 20 mm longa, nitida, sparse pubescens, valvis lanceolatis; Stigmata 4 depressa, biloba. Semina 10 — 12 mm longa, circum embryonem brunnea et rugosa. S.W. Malayische Provinz; Malakka: Auf dem Berge Gunong Bubu bei Perak 1500 — 1700 m (Murton n. 36, »E. G. R. — Dr. King's Coli.« n. 7395!, 7421 !) ; Gunong Bubu um 2000 m (Wray n. 339!, n. 1643!, n. 3849!); bei Perak (Scor- techinü). Hybridae artiflciales. Nepenthes Alleniana Hort, ex Miller in Cycl. Amer. Hort. III. (1901) 1074; Cat. Siebrecht and Wadley (188 4) 49; parentes ignoti, descriptio imperfecta. N. amabilis Hort, ex Nicholson, Dict. of Gard. Suppl. (1888) 571; Miller in Cycl. Amer. Hort. III. (1901) 1074. — Hybrida inter N. Hookeriana et Rafflesiana simili- tudine parentis prioris. Ascidia pallido-viridia et lui'ido-rubro-maculata. N. Amesiana Veitch in Gard. Chron. s. 3. XIV. (1893) 756; G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gartenzeitg. XX. (1895) 147. — JV. Rafflesiana X Hookeriana?. — Ascidia pal- lido-viridia rubro-maculata et punctata, operculum late ovale, extus obscure-viride, intus ± rubro-maculatum. Bei Veitch erzogen und 1893 ausgestellt; von N. amabilis nicht sehr verschieden. N. Anerleyensis Hort, ex G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gartenzeitg. XX. (1895) 222. — Syn. N. Morganianae q. v. p. 85. N. Arnoldiense Hort, ex G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gartenzeitg. XX. (1895) 222. — Syn. N. Morganianae q. v. p. 85. N. atro-sanguinea Masters in Gard. Chron. s. 2. XVII. (1882) 826 et icon. 827; Nicholson, Dict. of Gard. II. (1885) 435; Veitch in Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. XXI. (1897) 240; Miller in Cycl. Amer. Hort. III. (1901) 1073. — Parentes incerti at probabiliter N. distillatoria X Sedeni. — Folia 25 — 30 cm X 8 — 12 cm apice in cirrhum at- tenuata; cirrhus fere aequalis; ascidia inferne =±r ventricosa, superne cylindrica, rubro- purpurea et + luteo-viridia maculata, alae a basi ad os continuatae.et ciliatae, inferne late expansae, superne ± angustatae, os obliquum; peristomium aequale cylindrieum, postice leviter elongatum rubro- et purpureo-striatum ; operculum oblongum, emargi- natum, viride et purpureo-maculatum. Von Taplin im Etablissement Such (Amboy U. S. A.) erzogen, und von Veitch in den Handel gebracht. N. Balfouriana Hort, ex Masters in Gard. Chron. s. 3. XXVI. (1899) 90 et icon. 94, Desloges 1. c. s. 3. XXXVI. (1904) 97; Veitch, Hort. Veitch. (1906) 304, 488. — N. mixta (N. Northiana X maxima [== Gurtisii Mast.]) X Mastersiana (N. sanguinea X khasiana). — Folia glabra, apice rotundata; ascidia 15 — 30 cm X 5 — 12 cm cylindrico-ventricosa , viridia maculis paucis magnis purpureis per totam superficiem praedita vel praeeipue os versus illis obsita, alae a basi ad os continuatae, longe Xepenthes. 79 ciliatae; peristomium 2 — (i nun latum, margine exteriore : undulatuni. viridi- el rul.r« - striatum: operculum tj — 9 em X 3 — 8 cm subrotundatum, \irid-' purpureo-niacula et striatum, intus apicem versus caudatum: ascidiuni intus glaueo-viride et purpure<>- maculatuiu. Von Tivey im Etablissement Veiteh erzogen, und 1899 aus-. ■stellt. N. Boisiana Desloges in Gard. Ghron. s. 3. XX.W'lll. 1905 J79. .lourn. d. Huri, s. 4. VI. 190') Olli. - - .V. T/oiji X. mn.rintti var. s«j>, < rhu \'> ifrhü x Monja- niana? [X. Iluokcriniai'^ X i>hi/lhonphor ■■■. !".< tiiih. Will. (1891 237. — Parentes ignoti, sine deseriptiune, ergo nonien nudum. N. chelsonii Veitcli ex Masters in Card, Ghron. I s 7 2 ">i-2: Piiirbidge in Garden XXIII. ( 1 8 8 3 193 et ieon. cul.; Nichulson, Diel, oi' Gard. II. Issi, 433; G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gartenzlg. XX. 1893 147; Veiteh in .lourn. iinv. Hurt. Soc. XXI. (1897 237 et ieon. 239. Hurt. Veitcli. 1900 304. 187. - - A. U-anipIe\icaulis: lamina coriacea, oblonga, apiee in cirrbuni attenuata; aseidia 8 — \ 1 nn 3 7 nn late ovala, luteo-viridia et purpureo-maciilata, alae latae, a basi ad us inntinuatae ciliatae et angustatae. us obliquum; peristomium subeylindricum aequalc, rühm- et pallido- viridi-striatum; opereuluin ovato-curdatuin, medio viride, lateribus . purpureu-inacu- latuin ; ascidiuni intus glaueo-viride et purpnreo-niaculalum. Von Scdcn im Etablissemenl Veit ob erzogen und 187 2 ausgestellt. Nota. X. didsonii var. execllois Veitcli est X. n///i< //.-/.< X. l'af/h .*/•/»'/ ',-'. ein /.-■>, itü , vide p. 81. N. Claytonii Hort, ex Miller in Cycl. Amer. Huri. 111. (1901 K)74. ex Cat. Pitcher an 1 1 Manda (1893). — Sine descriplione, parentes ignoti, ergo numeii uuduin. N. coccinea Huri, ex Masters in Gard. Ghron. s. 2. XVIII. (l 882 109 ■■' i»*iii. : Nichol- son, Dict. ol' Gard. II. I8S3 433: Rudigas in 111. Hort. ALI. 189 1 143: G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gartenzlg. XX. 1893 223: Miller in Cycl. Amer. Huri. III. 1901 I07i. -- .V. Hooli'criuna X plnjlhnnplioru. — Julia 20 — 30 ein X ii — 9 ein peliolala; lamina lan- ceolata subeoriaeea. apiee in cirrhum attenuata, margine polite liinbriala vel dentata; aseidia 12 — 20 cm X ■"> — 8 cm, interne ventrieosa, superne cvlindrica, per Infam superlieiem purpureo-rubra lenliginibus luteo-viridibus, alae ciliabn'. os uvalum posliee leviler elongatum : peristoniinm 8 — 12 nun latum. rubro- et purpuren-strialuni: nper- culum ovato-oblongum pallido-viride el rubro-inaeulalum; ascidiuni intus glaueo-viride rubro-maculatum. Von Taplin im Etablissemenl Such erzogen und bei Williams in London in den Handel gegeben. N. compaeta Huri, ex Haines in Garden VW'll. 1883 19G el ieon.: Nicholson, Dict. of Gard. Suppl. I8ss 571: G. Beck in Wien. III. Gartenzlg. XX. 1895 218. N. Hoohrriana? X plnjllamphom. - - Parentes probabililer ul in A. i-i>rrinrn) A'. Morganüma, X. Wriylcyattu (q. v. pp. 79, 85, 89), al perisloiniuin luleo-viride. Von Taplin erzogen und von Williams in den Handel gebracht. Diese Hybride dürfte wohl mit der obengenannten zu vereinigen sein. N. Courtii Veitcli in Gard. Chron. s. 2. VIII. (1877) Ul : Hegel in Gartenll. XXVIII. (1879) 309 et ieon. 370: Masters in Gard. Ghron. s. 2. XVI. '1881 844 et ieon. 845; Nicholson, Dict. of Gard. II. 1885 436; G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gartenzlg. XX. ) 1 89 5 187; Veiteh in .lourn. Boy. Huri. Soc. XXI. (1897, 238, Huri. Veitcli. (1906) 305, 487. — Nepenthes spec. Pborneensis X Dominü [X. Ii'n/'/lcsin tut X spec. Vborneensis . 80 J- M. Macfarlane. — Nepenthaceae. — Caulis dr purpureo-ruber et villosus; folia 25 — 35 cm X 4 — 7 cm, obscure viridia, subcoriacea, lanceolata, basi amplexicaulia; ascidia 15 — 25 cm X 5 — 8 cm, inferne leviter ventricosa, superne cylindrica, viridia d= purpureo-maculata, alae aequales ciliatae, os ovatum leviter obliquum; peristomium cylindricum aequale; operculum ovatum, viride, purpureo-maculatum. Von Court im Etablissement Veitch erzogen. Nach Veitch wurde der Bastard mit N. hybrida und N. rubro-maculata von denselben hybriden Samen erzogen. N. Craigiana Hort, ex Miller in Cycl. Amer. Hort. III. (1901) 1074, ex Cat. Hort. Siebrecht and Wadley (1889) 49, ubi descriptio imperfecta est; parentes ignoti. Nomen nudum. N. cylindrica Veitch in Gard. Chron. s. 3. II. (1887) 521; Nicholson, Dict. of Gard. Suppl. (1888) 571; G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gartenztg. XX. (1895) 225; Miller in Cycl. Amer. Hort. III. (1901) 1072; Veitch, Hort. Veitch. (1906) 305, 488. — N. distülatoria (sub nom. N. hirsuta var. glabrescens Veitch, Nicholson etc. supra) X Veitchii. — Caulis ascendens internodiis dr elongatis; folia 15 — 40 cm X 4 — 8 cm obovata vel oblanceolata, inferne basi ^^-amplexicaulia, costa db purpureo-rubra ; ascidia 15 — 20 cm X 3 — 5 cm quam cirrhus longiora, subcylindrica, infra medium leviter expansa, luteo-viridia maculis purpureis parvis dispersa, alae inferne incompletae, superne dentato-ciliatae ; peristomium 10 — 25 mm latum, viridi-luteum ; operculum ovale rectum vel db inclinatum, intus multiglandulosum. Von Tivey im Etablissement Veitch erzogen und 1887 ausgestellt. N. Deslogesii Jarry-Desloges in Le Jard. XIX. (1905) 136 et icon. col.'; Masters in Gard. Chron. s. 3. XXXVIII. (1905) 379. — N. Tiveyi (N. maxima var. superba X Veitchii) X mixta [N. Northiana X maximd). — Ascidia 20 — 24 cm X 3 — 5,5 cm, viridia, copiose rubro-striata et maculata, alae late expansae et longe ciliatae; peristo- mium rubro-purpureum, margine exteriore db undulatum; operculum ovato-cordatum, extus polite purpureo-maculatum, intus basi carinatum. Ein schöner Bastard, in den Gewächshäusern von cl. M. Jarry-Desloges erzogen. N. Dicksoniana Lindsay ex Masters in Gard. Chron. s. 3. IV. (1888) 543 et icon. 541; Wittmack in Gartenfl. XXXVIII. (1889) 465 et icon. 466; Lindsay in Trans, and Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinb. XVIII. (1891) 236 et icon. col.; G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gartenztg. XÄ (1895) 144; Veitch in Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. XXI. (1897) 238, Hort. Veitch. (1906) 305, 488. — N. Rafflesiana X Veitchii. — Caulis elongatus, sub- cylindricus; folia 20 — 50 cm X 5 — 10 cm coriacea, petiolata; petiolus 7 — 15 cm longus, alatus, alae ± verticales, basi ad 3/4 amplexicaules ; lamina 20 — 50 cm X 5 — 10 cm elliptica vel elliptico-obovata, supra glabra subtus dr pubescens, nervi longi- tudinales 5; ascidia 12 — 25 cm X 5 — 10 cm cylindrico-ventricosa ztz villosa, fulvo- viridia et purpureo-maculata, alae a basi ad os continuatae, longe ciliatae; os obliquum, peristomium 10 — 40 mm latum, inclinatum, pallido-viride et rubro-sti*iatum; operculum 4 — 8 cm X 3 — 6 cm oblongum, extus pilosum et purpureo-maculatum. Eine schöne Hybride, von Lindsay im Botanischen Garten zu Edinburgh erzogen und von der Firma Veitch in den Handel gebracht. N. Dominii Veitch in Gard. Chron. (1862) 398; Masters in do. (1872) 542; Nicholson, Dict. of Gard. II. (1885) 436 (sub nom. N. Dominiana); G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gartenztg. XX. (1895) 148; Veitch in Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. XXI. (1897) 238 et icon. 2 43, Hort. Veitch. (1906) 305; Miller in Cycl. Amer. Hort. III. (1901) 1074. — N. Rafflesiana X spec. Pborneensis; probabiliter gracilis. — Caulis cylindricus, pur- pureo-ruber, folia 30 — 40 cm X 4 — 6 cm petiolata, petiolus basi amplexicaulis et de- currens; lamina lanceolata, subcoriacea ad coriacea, nervi longitudinales 5 — 6; ascidia 10 — 15 cm X 3 — 5 cm inferne ventricosa, superne cylindrica et os versus contracta, viridia et purpureo-maculata vel rnarmorata, alae a basi ad os continuatae, inferne latissimae, os versus rb angustatae, longe ciliatae; peristomium 3 — 6 mm latum cylin- dricum, postice in collum 8 — 15 mm altum elongatum; operculum ovatum, viride et purpureo-maculatum; calcar 10 — 20 mm longum filiforme. Nepenthes. g \ Von Dominy im Etablissement Veitch zu Exeter erzogen und 1862 in den Handel gebracht. N. Dormanniana Williams ex Masters in Card. Cbron. s. 2. XVII. (1882) 525 et icon. ; Baines in Garden XXVII. (4 885) 496 et icon. col.; Nicholson, Dict. of Card. II. (1885) 436; G. Beck in Wien. III. Gartenztg. XX. (4 895) 223; Miller in Cycl. Amer. Hort. III. (1901) 1071. — Parentes non accurate noti, at probabiliter N. Rafflesiana X Sedeni. — Folia elliptico-lanceolata, apice acuta, margine ciliata, nervi longitudinales 5 — 6; ascidia 4 2 — 18 cm X 5 — 8 cm cylindrico-ventricosa, viridia et purpureo-macu- lata vel marmorata, alae a basi ad os continuatae et angustatae, inferne dz sinuosae, margine dentata vel ciliata; peristomium 7 — 1 2 mm latum, i'ere aequale, obliquum, postice non elongatum, pallido-viride ; operculum 5 — 8 cm X 4 — 6 cm late ovatum, rinde, margine purpureo-maculatum vel striatum; ascidium intus glauco-viride. Von T apiin erzogen und von Williams in den Handel gebracht. N. Dyeriana Macfarlane nom. nov.; Masters in Gard. Chron. s. 3. XXVIII. (1900) 256 et icon. 257, XXXVIII. (1905) 325; Veitch, Hort. Veitcb. (1906) 307, 489 (omnes sub nom. »Sir W. T. T. Dyer«). — N. mixta (N. Northiana X maxima) X Dicksoniana [N. Rafflesiana X Veitchii). — Caulis elongatus, ascendens subcylindricus; folia 30 — 45 cm X 8 — 12 cm coriacea, petiolata; petiolus 5 — 10 cm longus, brunneo- villosus, basi ad 3/4 — 7/s amplexicaulis, ad 2 — 3 cm decurrens; lamina ovalis ad elliptico-obovata apice rotundata subpeltata vel peltata, nervi longitudinales 5 — 6; cirrhus fere aequalis; ascidia 4 5 — 35 cm X 6 — 4 0 cm cylindrico-ventricosa, luteo- viridia et copiose purpureo-maculata, alae latae, fere aequales, longe ciliatae; os obli- quum; peristomium 20 — 35 mm latum, extus late expansum et ± sinuosum, postice in collum elongatum; operculum 5 — 4 0 cm X 3 — 6 cm ovatum margine =b sinuosum, extus pallido-viride et copiose purpureo-maculatum, basi extus carina prominente; calcar 4 0 — 25 mm longum, attenuatum; ascidium intus glauco-viride et copiose pur- pureo-maculatum. Eine prächtige Hybride, von Tivey bei der Firma Veitch erzogen und 4 900 ausgestellt. N. edinensis Lindsay ex Dixon in Gard. Chron. s. 3. III. (4 888) 4 70; Dickson in Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin. XII. (4884) 384; Oliver in Amer. Fl. VII. (4894) 384 et flg.; Lindsay in Trans, and Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinb. XVIII. (4 894) 237; G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gartenztg. XX. (4 895) 4 48; Miller in Cycl. Amer. Hort. III. (4904) 4073. — iV. chelsonii var. excellens Veitch, Hort. Veitch. (4 906) 304. — N. Rafflesiana X ehelsonii [N. Dominii [N. Rafflesiana X N.?) X Hookeriana]. — Caulis validus cylin- dricus; folia 25 — 40 cm X 6 — 8 cm coriacea petiolata; petiolus ad 4 — 12 cm 1/i am- plexicaulis; lamina lanceolata; cirrhus laminae aequilongus, fere aequalis; ascidia 8 — 20 cm X 3 — 4 0 cm ovata ad ventricosa, luteo-viridia et brunneo-rubra maculata, alae late expansae, basi amplissime, os versus dr angustatae, longe ciliatae; peristomium 4 0 — 4 5 mm latum subcylindricum , fere aequale, postice in collum 4 5 — 20 mm altum elongatum; operculum 4 — 6 cm X 3 — 5 cm ovatum. Von Lindsay im Botanischen Garten zu Edinburgh erzogen. N. Edmundsii Hort, ex Miller in Cycl. Amer. Hort. III. (4 901) 4 074 ex Cat. Pitcher and Manda. — Parentes ignoti, sine descriptione, ergo nomen nudum. N. Elmenhorstiana Hort, ex Miller in Cycl. Amer. Hort. III. (1901) 1074 ex Cat. Siebrecht and Wadley (1889) 49. — Parentes ignotae et sine descriptione, ergo nomen nudum. N. elongata G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gartenztg. XX. (1895) 221; ubi pro var. N. hybridae habetur, at N. elongata est var. N. Hookerianae (vide Masters in Gard. Chron. s. 2. VIII. [1877] 441). N. excelsior Williams in Garden XXVIII. (1885) 463; Nicholson, Dict. of Gard. Suppl. (1888) 571; G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gartenztg. XX. (1895) 147; Miller in Cycl. Amer. Hort. III. (1901) 1074. — N. Rafflesiana X Hookeriana. — Caulis validus, juventute dense pubescens; folia 20 — 50 cm X 5 — 10 cm subcoriacea, petiolata: A. Engler, Das Pflanzenreich. IV. (Embryophyta siphonogama) 111. Q 82 J- M. Macfarlane. — Nepenthaceae. lamina elliptica, apice subi*otundata ; ascidia 20 — 25 cm X 4 — 6 cm cylindrico-ventri- cosa, pallido-viridia et lurido- vel brunneo-purpureo-maculata, alae latae, longe ciliatae; peristomium 10 — 15 mm latum, aequale, postice in Collum 1 — 2 cm altum elon- gatum; operculum ovato-rotundatum. Von Taplin erzogen und von Williams 1885 in den Handel gebracht. Die Eltern sind die nämlichen wie bei den Hybriden N amabüis und N Amesiana und alle sind nahe verwandt. TU. Eyermanni Hort. Miller in Cycl. Amer. Hort. III. (1901) 4074 ex Cat. Sieb- recht and Wadley (1889) 51. — Parentes non accurate noti at probabiliter N. phyllamphora X Hookeriana. — Folia luteo-viridia, subcoriacea, margine polite den- tato-ciliata ; ascidia 10 — 20 cm X 4 — 5 cm rubro-purpurea et parce viridi-maculata ; alae inferne non ciliatae, superne ciliatae; peristomium aequale, cylindricum, postice leviter elongatum, pallido-viride et sparse rubro-striatum ; operculum subrotundatum extus ± purpureo-maculatum. N. Findlayana Hort, ex Nicholson in Dict. of Gard. Suppl. (1888) 572; Miller in Cycl. Amer. Hort. III. (1901) 1074. — Parentes et ortus ignoti. N. formosa Hort, ex Kew Bull. (1897) 407, ubi parentes N. chelsonii X distil- latoria indicati sunt. Ortu ignoto et sine descriptione. TS. Fournieri Gautier in Journ. Soc. Nat. d'Hort. s. 4. IV. (1903) 589. — N. Northiana X mixta (N Northiana X maxima). — Plantae aspectu et ascidii forma N Northianae consimilis, at ascidium inferne rubrum et purpureo-maculatum, alae late expansae; peristomium rubrum atro-purpureum striatum; ascidium intus viride et rubro-maculatum. Von Gautier im Garten von Dr. Fournier erzogen und 1903 ausgestellt. TS. Gamerii Desloges in Gard. Chron. s. 3. XXXVIII. (1905) 379, Journ. d'Hort. s. 4. VI. (1905) 664. — N Tiveyi (N maxima var. superha X Veitchii) X mixta (N maxima X Northiana). — Parentes ergo ut in N. Deslogesii, N et remilliensis (q. v.), at ascidia sparse purpureo-maculata; peristomium sanguineo-rubrum; oper- culum oblongo-acutum, viride et rubro-suffusum , basi intus carina laevi. Von M. Jarry-Desloges erzogen und 1905 ausgestellt. N. Gautieri Hort, in Journ. Soc. Nat. d'Hort. s. 4. IV. (4 903) 589. — N. Nor- thiana X mixta. Parentes et semina ut in N. Fournieri (q. v. p. 82), hybrida ei valde similis. TS. Hamiltoniana Hort, ex Miller in Cycl. Amer. Hort. III. (1901) 4 074, ubi syno- nymum est N. coccineae (q. v. p. 79). TS. Henry ana Williams in 111. Hort. XXIX. (4 882) 4 25 et icon. 460, Rodigas, op. cit. XXXIV. (4 887) 43 et icon. col. 15; Baines in Garden XXVII. (1885) 496 et icon. col.; Nicholson, Dict. of Gard. Suppl. (1888) 572; G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gartenztg. XX. (1895) 220; Miller in Cycl. Amer. Hort. III. (1901) 1074. — N. Hookeriana X Sedeni (N. khasiana X sp. incert.). — Folia 20 — 40 cm X 4 — 7 cm coriacea, petio- lata; lamina lanceolata apice attenuata; ascidia 15 — 20 cm X 4 — 6 cm cylindrico- ventricosa, inferne rubra vel viridi-rubra superne rubro- et viridi-maculata vel punctata, alae inferne late expansae os versus rb angustatae, ciliatae; peristomium 7 — 4 2 mm aequale, cylindricum, zb viridi- et rubro-striatum; operculum ovale, extus rubro-macula- tum; ascidium intus glauco-viride et purpureo-maculatum. Von Taplin in Amboy N. J. erzogen und zu Ehren Henry Williams benannt. Von Williams 4 881 in den Handel gegeben. Mit N. Outramiana und N. Williamsü nahe verwandt und von ähnlichen Eltern abstammend. TS. Hibberdii Nicholson, Dict. of Gard. Suppl. (1888) 572; G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gartenztg. XX. (1895) 218; Miller in Cycl. Amer. Hort. III. (1901) 1074. — Parentes ignoti, at probabiliter ex structura similes parentibus N. Henryanae. Charac- teres ut in eo, sed ascidia inferne purpureo-viridia, superne purpureo-rubra maculis et punctis luteo-viridibus diflusis. Nepenthes. 83 Eine der » Taplin'schen« Hybriden, durch die Firma Williams in den Handel gebracht. N. Hookerae Hort, ex G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gartenztg. XX. (1895) 222; Kew Bull. (1897) 405, ubi parentes affirmati sunt esse N. Rafflesiana X phyllamphora, sed ortus ignotus est. — Beck sagt >nur schwierig durch die Färbung d. h. größere gelbe Flecken von N. Morganiae (= N. Morganiana) zu unterscheiden«. N. hybrida Masters in Gard. Chron. (1872) 542; Nicholson, Dict. of Gard. II. (1885) 436; G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gartenztg. XX. (1895) 221; Veitch in Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. XXI. (1897) 238, do. Hort. Veitch. (1906) 487; Miller in Cycl. Amer. Hort. III. (1901) 1072. — N. khasicma X sp. incert. borneensis, probabiliter N. gracüis. — Caulis cylindricus glaber; folia 15 — 25 cm X 5 — 6 cm breviter petiolata, petiolus alatus basi ad 2/3 amplexicaulis et ad 1 — 2 cm decurrens; lamina oblongo-lanceolata apice acuta, glabra, costa excepta juventute ± brunneo-pubescente; ascidia 10 — 15 cm X 2 — 3 cm cylindrica medium versus leviter contracta, viridia, alae fere aequales, ciliatae; os ovatum obliquum; peristomium 5 — 7 mm latum obliquum, cylindricum, postice non elongatum, viride; operculum oblongum viride, intus glandulosum et sparse purpureo- diffusum. Var. a. typioa G. Beck v. s. — Ascidia viridia. Bei Dominy im Etablissement Veitch erzogen und 1866 in den Handel gebracht. Var. b. maculata Veitch ex Dombrain, Fl. Mag. VII. (1868) 409, Gard. Chron. (1872) 542; Wien. Dl. Gartenztg. III. (1878) eticon.; Veitch in Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. XXI. (1897) 238, Hort. Veitch. (1906) 306, 487. — Ascidia viridia, extus et superficie superiore intus ± copiose purpureo-maculata et marmorata. N. intermedia Veitch in Gard. Chron. s. 2. III. (1875) 118; Robinson(?) in Garden XI. (1877) 429 et icon.; Masters in Gard. Chron. n. s. XVII. (1882) 178 et icon. 179; Nicholson, Dict. of Gard. II. (1885) 436; G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gartenztg. XX. (1895) 148; Veitch in Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. XXI. (1887) 238 et icon. (sub nom. N. Dominii var. intermedia) 243, Hort. Veitch. (1906) 305, 487; Miller in Cycl. Amer. Hort. III. (1901) 1073. — N. sp. incert. borneensis X Bafflesiana, ergo parentes ut in N. Dominii (q. v. p. 80). — Caulis validus, juventute dz brunneo-hirsutus ; folia 20 — 35 cm X 5 — 10 cm, coriacea, petiolata; lamina laiiceolata apice attenuata, supra glabra subtus dz hirsuta; ascidia 15 — 25 cm X 5 — 8 cm inferne ovata ad subventri- cosa, superne cylindrica et gradatim ad os contracta, viridia et purpureo-maculata vel punctata, alae a basi ad os continuatae, os versus dr angustatae, longe ciliatae; peri- stomium 3 — 7 mm latum cylindricum, postice in Collum 10 — 20 mm altum elongatum, pallido-viride et purpureo-striatum ; operculum ovatum dr concavum, viride et purpureo- striatum; operculum ovatum dz concavum, viride et purpureo-maculatum ; calcar 15 — 2 0 mm longum, attenuatum ; ascidium intus glauco-viride et purpureo-maculatum. Von Court im Etablissement Veitch erzogen, 1875 ausgestellt und dann in den Handel gebracht. N. Johnsonii Hort, ex Miller in Cycl. Amer. Hort. III. (1901) 1074 ex Cat. Siebrecht and Wadley (1889) 51, ubi descriptio est, "in the way of N. picturata (q. v. p. 86) though of more robust growth. The pitchers, which are highly colored, are produced freely". Parentes non accurate noti. N. Lonewoodii Hort, ex Miller in Cycl. Amer. Hort. III. (1901) 1074, ex Cat. Siebrecht and Wadley (1889) 51 (nomen nudum). N. Lawrenciana Masters in Gard. Chron. s. 2. XIV. (1880) 40 eticon.; Rodigas in Hl. Hort. XXIX. (1882) t. 460; Nicholson, Dict. of Gard. II. (1885) 438; G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gartenztg. XX. (1895) 221. — Probabiliter N. phyllamphora X Hooke- riana. — Caulis cylindricus ± polite pubescens; folia lanceolata vel ovali-lanceolata, subcoriacea, margine leviter ciliato-dentata; ascidia 8 — 15 cm X 4 — 5 cm cylindrico- ventricosa, pallido-viridia et copiose rubro-maculata, alae a basi ad os continuatae, fere aequales, ciliatae; peristomium 7 — 8 mm latum aequale, luteo-viride et rubro-striatum ; operculum ovale ad subrotundatum dz rubro-maculatum. 6* 84 J- M. Macfarlane. — Nepenthaceae. Eine von den durch Taplin erzogenen hybriden Formen, von der Firma Williams 1880 in den Handel gebracht. N. lyrata Veitch in Gard. Chron. (1877) 2, 441, ubi pro hybrida N. hybrida X Rafflesiana habetur, sed sine descriptione, ergo nomen nudum. N. Maria-Louisa Gautier in Journ. Soc. Nat. d'Hort. 4. s. IV. (1903) 589. — N. Northiana X mixta. — Parentes et semina ut in N. Foumieri et AT. Gautieri (q. v.), at ascidia db pellucida, murreo-alba et sparse rubro-punctata, alae angustae ± ciliatae; peristomium angustum luteo-album sparse rubro-striatum ; operculum ut peristomium coloratum. Eine schöne Hybride, von Gautier in den Gewächshäusern von Dr. Fournier erzogen. N. Mastersiana Veitch ex Masters in Gard. Chron. s. 2. XVI. (1881)748, XXI. (188 4) 248 et icon.; Burbidge in Garden XXIII. (1883) 492 et icon. col. ; Regel in Gartenfl. XXXIII. (1884) 208 et icon. 209; Nicholson, Dict. of Gard. II. (1885) 438; Rodigas in 111. Hort. XXXIII. (1886) 618; Burbidge in Flora and Sylva II. (1904) 112; G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gartenztg. XX. (1895) 185; Rudolph in Journ. Soc. Nat. Hort. Fr. (1896) 45; Veitch in Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. XXI. (1897) 237 et icon. 241, Hort. Veitch. (1906} 306, 4 87; Miller in Cycl. Amer. Hort. III. (1901) 1071. — N. sanguinea X khasiana. — Caulis leviter trigonus v. subcylindricus, glaber; folia 15 — 45 cm X 4 — 8 cm, basi sessilia Y2 amplexicaulia saepe dr decurrentia, lamina subcoriacea glabra vel juventute polite pubescens, nervi longitudinales 4 — 5 paria; ascidia 15 — 25 cm X 5 — 8 cm sub- dimorphia, inferiora inferne ± ventricosa superne cylindrica, superiora tubulosa, rubro- viridia et obscure rubro-maculata vel in speciminibus colore intermedio variantibus ad omnino purpureo-diffusa, alae in ascidiis inferioribus expansae subaequales, ciliatae, in ascidiis superioribus dr reductae; os leviter obliquum; peristomium 10 — 20 mm latum cylindricum aequale, ut ascidium coloratum; operculum ovato-orbiculare ; calcar 10 — 20 mm filiforme; ascidium intus glauco-viride et rubro-maculatum ad omnino glauco- purpureum. Eine prächtige Hybride, welche Court im Etablissement Veitch auferzog; 1881 wurde sie ausgestellt und 1883 in den Handel gebracht. Die Farbe der Kannen wechselt sehr bedeutend vo.n scharlach-grün bis scharlach-rot und dunkel purpurn (var. purpurea hört.), aber so variieren auch die Eltern, besonders N. sanguinea. N. Mayi Hort, ex Miller in Cycl. Amer. Hort. III. (190 1) 1074 ab Cat. Siebrecht and Wadley (1889) 51. — Parentes ignoti, sine descriptione, ergo nomen nudum. TS. Mercieri Gautier in Journ. Soc. Nat. d'Hort. 4. s. IV. (1903) 590. — N. Northiana X mixta. — Parentes et semina ut in N. Foumieri, Gautieri, Maria- Louisa (q. v.), at ascidia viridia sparse rubro-punctata, inferne os versus copiose punc- tata et maculata, alae late expansae; peristomium angustum viride rubro-striatum; operculum viride sparse rubro-maculatum. Von Gautier erzogen und 1903 ausgestellt. N. mixta Masters in Gard. Chron. 3. s. XIII. (1893) 46 et icon. 47; Gentil in Rev. d'Hort. Beig. XXI. (1895) 268; Gard. Mag. XXXVI. (1893) 754; G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gartenztg. XX. (1895) 145 et icon. col.; Miller in Cycl. Amer. Hort. III. (1901) 1073; Veitch, Hort. Veitch. (1906) 306, 488 et tab. — N Northisii Veitch in Gard. Chron. 3. s. XII. (1892) 561. — N. Northiana X maxima. — Caulis 6 — 8 m X 7 — 9 mm cylindricus; folia 15 — 40 cm X 4 — 10 cm, subcoriacea, petiolata; petiolus 2,5 — 5 cm late alatus, basi i 2-amplexicaulis, profunde decurrens; lamina elliptico- lanceolata apice rotundata subpeltata vel peltata, margine pellucida et juventute zb brunneo-ciliata, nervi longitudinales 3 — 4; ascidia 10 — 35 cm X 3 — 8 cm, inferne luteo-viridia et sparse purpureo-maculata, os versus maculis majoribus et copiosioribus, alae mediae vel angustae basim versus ± incompletae, a medio os versus continuatae et ciliatae; peristomium 10 — 35 mm oblique, antice et postice angustatum lateraliter late expansum, postice in collum 3 — 5 cm altum elevatum, lurido-purpureum vel intus .Nepenthes. 85 margine purpureo-viride vel =tr purpureo- et viridi-striatum; operculum ovato-elongatum, basi ± cordatum, sed sine calcaribus mediis duobus internis N. maximae. Bei Tivey im Etablissement Veitch auferzogen und 1893 in den Handel gebracht. Eine schöne und leicht zu kultivierende Hybride, welche die Charaktere beider Eltern miteinander vereint. Var. sanguinea Masters in Card. Chron. 3. s. XVI. (1894) 318; Veitch, Hort. Veitch. (1906) 488. — Ascidia fusco-rubra, maculis magnis brunneo-purpureis dispersa; peristomium pellucido-rubrum. N. Morganiana Veitch ex Masters in Gard. Chron. 2. s. XVI. (1881) 381; Such in Garden XX. (1881) 388; Miller in Cycl. Amer. Hort. III. (1901) 1074. — N. Mor- ganiae Masters in Gard. Chron. 2. s. XIX. (1883) 150; ßurbidge in Garden XXIII. (1883) 493 et icon. col.; Nicholson, Dict. of Gard. II. (1885) 438; G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gartenztg. XX. (1895) 222; Veitch in Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. XXI. (l 897) 238 et icon. 247, Hort. Veitch. (1906) 487. — Parentes non accurate noti, probabiliter 2V. phyllamphora X Hoolceriana. — Caulis cylindricus glaber; folia 30 — 50 cm X 5 — I 0 cm subcoriacea petiolata, petiolus 5 — 8 cm longus, alatus, basi 1/2"amP^ex^cauns > lamina lanceolata, claro-viridis, glabra, nervi longitudinales 5 — 6; ascidia 15 — 20 cm X 5 — 8 cm cylindrico-ventricosa, omnino purpureo-rubra et sparse luteo-viridia maculata vel punctata, alae aliquanto angustae, superne ciliatae; peristomium 6 — 10 mm latum obliquum fere aequale, pallido-viride et purpureo-striatum ; operculum ovale ad orbi- culare, viride et sparse purpureo-maculatum; ascidium intus glauco- vel luteo-viride et purpureo-maculatum. Bei Taplin im Etablissement Such erzogen und Frau Morgan in New York ge- widmet. Später gab sie Frau Morgan zu Veitch, der den Bastard 1881 ausstellte. N. Northisii Veitch in Gard. Chron. 3. s. XII. (1892) 561 est syn. N. mixtae Masters (q. v. p. 8 4). N. O'Brieniana Linden et Rodigas in Illustr. Hort. XXXVII. (1890) 109: G.Beck in Wien. 111. Gartenztg. XX. (1895) 224; sec. G. Beck pro var. vel forma hybrida consanguinea N. rufescentis habenda est, quod Auetori erroneum esse videtur, qui .V. O'Brieniana sub titulo varietatis geographicae N. phyllamphorae enumerat (v. p. 64). N. Osborniana Hort, ex Miller in Cycl. Amer. Hort. III. (1901) 1074 ex Cat. Siebrecht and Wadley (1889) 51, sed sine descriptione vel nominibus parentum, ergo nomen nudum. N. Outramiana Williams in Gard. Chron. s. 2. XII. (1879) 505, XIV. (1880) 40 et icon. 41; Dean in Floral Mag. (1879) t. 384; Moore in Flor, and Pomol. (1880) 156 et icon.; Nicholson, Dict. of Gard. II. (1885) 483; G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gartenztg.' XX. (1895) 220; Miller in Cycl. Amer. Hort. III. (1901) 1074. — Parentes non accurate noti, probabiliter N. Sedeni (N. distillatoria X sp. incert. borneensis) X Hookeriana. — Folia 25 — 35 cm X 5 — 7 cm subcoriacea, breviter petiolata, lamina lanceolata margine ± hirsuta, nervi longitudinales 5 — 6; ascidia 10 — 15 cm X 3,5 — 5 cm, cylindrico-ventricosa, pallido-luteo-viridia maculis rubris copiose diffusa, alae a basi ad os continuatae ciliatae ; peristomium 7 — I 0 mm latum, aequale, pallido-viride et purpureo-striatum; operculum ovale basi extus purpureo-maculatum. Bei Taplin erzogen und durch die Firma Williams 1880 in den Handel gebracht. N. paradisae Hort, ex Nicholson, Dict. of Gard. Suppl. (1888) 573; G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gartenztg. XX. (1895), ex Cat. probabiliter Siebrecht and Wadley (1889) 51. — N. Hoolceriana (?) X phyllamphora. — Folia 40 — 55 cm X 5 — 8 cm sub- coriacea, petiolata; petiolus 5 — 8 cm longus, alatus, lamina lanceolata apice acuminata; ascidia 12 — 20 cm X 5 — 8 cm inferne expansa et ventricosa, medium versus constrieta, superne cylindrica, inferne purpureo-rubra, gradatim ad os dz luteo-viridia maculata, alae in aseidiis inferioribus expansae et ciliatae, in superioribus rb angustatae; peri- stomium 6 — 8 mm latum aequale, pallido-viride; operculum ovale ad subovatum, extus viride et sparse rubro-maculatum. g(3 J. M. Macfarlane. — Nepenthaceae. Eine von den durch Taplin erzogenen amerikanischen Hybriden, bei Williams 1883 ausgestellt. Nach Nicholson ist sie nach den »Paradise Nurseries« genannt. N. Patersonii Hort, ex Miller in Cycl. Amer. Hort. III. (1901) 1074 ex Cat. Saul Washington et ex Cat. Siebrecht and Wadley (1889) 51. — Parentes ignoti, at sec. structuram probabiliter N. phyllamphora X Hookeriana; specimina in Hortis Americanis nunc saepe culta sunt. — Folia 30 — 40 cm X 7 — 10 cm herbacea ad subcoriacea, petiolata; petiolus alatus, basi V2 — amplexicaulis , lamina elliptica vel elliptico-lanceolata, glabra margine ciliato-dentata, nervi longitudinales 5 — 6; ascidia 8 — 12 cm.X 2,5— 3,5 cm cylindrico-ventricosa ad cylindrica, medium versus leviter angustata luteo-viridia et copiose rubro-marmorata, alae a basi ad os continuatae et rt angustatae, margine ciliatae; peristomium aequale obliquum luteo-viride; operculum ovale extus marginem versus ± maculatum et marmoratum; ascidium intus glauco- et pallido-viride. Wahrscheinlich eine von den amerikanischen Hybriden. N. picturata Hort, ex Gordon in Gard. Mag. XLVI. (1903) 670 et icon. 677; Burbidge in Flora and Sylva II. (1904) 68 et icon. 69; Veitch, Hort. Veitch. (1906) 306, 489. — Parentes ut in N. Dyeriana (q. v. p. 81 ), hybrida vix differt ab ea, ergo synonymum. N. Pitcheri Hort, ex Miller in Cycl. Amer. Hort. III. (1901) 1074 ex Cat. Pitcher and Manda (1895), sed sine descriptione. — N. paradisae X Henryana. Specimina ignota. N. Ratcliffiana Veitch ex Masters in Gard. Chron. s. 2. XVII. (1882) 178 et icon.; Nicholson, Dict. of Gard. II. (1885) 439; G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gartenztg. XX. (1895) 221; Veitch in Journ. Boy. Hort. Soc. XXI. (1897) 2 40, Hort. Veitch. (1906) 306, 487. — N. phyllamphora X Hookeriana, ergo parentes ut in N. coccinea, X. robusta, N. Stewartii et N. Wrigleyana (q. v.). — Caulis cylindricus, juventute dense albido- vel fusco-pubescens; folia 20 — 45 cm X 6 — 8 cm subcoriacea, petiolata; lamina lanceolata basi et apice attenuata margine db serrulata; ascidia 12 — 18 cm X 4 — 6 cm ampulliformia sub medio ± ventricosa, viridia et purpureo-maculata et marmo- rata, alae a basi ad os continuatae, latae, longe ciliatae; peristomium 5 — 10 mm latum obliquum, aequale, viridi- et rubro-striatum ; operculum 3 — 4 cm X 2 — 2,5 cm ovale viride vel basi extus ± rubro-maculatum. Bei Court erzogen und durch die Firma Veitch 1880 in den Handel gegeben. Benannt nach Herrn Batcliff, Edgbaston, England. N. remilliensis Macfarlane nom. nov. ; Masters in Gard. Chron. s. 3. XXXVIII. (1905) 379, Desloges in Journ. d. Hort. s. 4. VI. (1905) 66 4. — N. Tiveyi (N. maxima var. superba X Veitchii) X mixta (N. Northiana X maxima), parentes ergo ut in N. Deslogesii et N. Gamerii (q. v.), sed ascidia obscure viridia et purpureo-reticulata, operculum basi levitejr carinatum. Bei M. Jarry-Desloges in Bemilly erzogen und 1905 unter dem Namen K. Bemilly ausgestellt. N. robusta Hort, ex Masters in Gard. Chron. 2. s. XVII. (1880) 40 et icon.; Moore in Florist and Pomol. (1880) 156 et icon.; Nicholson, Dict. of Gard. IL (18 8 5) 439. — Sec. William so parentes sunt N. phyllamphora X Hookeriana, ergo ut in N. coccinea, N. Wrigleyana etc. (q. v.). — Characteres similes, sed ascidia 10 — 15 cm X 4 — 5 cm pyriformia, medium versus contracta, superne cylindrica, alae basim versus latae expansae, os versus gradatim angustatae; peristomium fere trans- versum viride. Von Taplin erzogen und 1880 durch die Firma Williams in den Handel gebracht. N. Pvoeblingii Hort, ex Miller in Cycl. Amer. Hort. III. (1901) 1074 ex Cat. Pitcher and Manda (1895), ubi descriptio est "pitcher almost globular, medium-sized, spotted". Parentes ignoti. IS'epenthes. 87 N. rubro-maculata Veitch ex Masters in Gard. Chron. s. 2. VIII. (1877) 441; WH. (1882) 143 et icon. ; Nicholson, Dict. of Gard. II. (1885) 439; G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gartenztg. XX. (1895) 223; Veitch, Hort. Veitch. (1906) 306, 487. — AT. hybrida var. maculata X sp. incert. borneensis. — Caulis cylindricus, purpureus ± pubescens; folia 25 — 35 cm X 4 — 6 cm coriacea, petiolata, basi ^-amplexicaulia, apice rotundata, margine polite ciliata, nervi longitudinales 3 — 4 a costa remoti; ascidia 1 2 — 1 8 cm X 3 — 5 cm cylindrico-ventricosa, pallido-viridia et purpureo-marmorata, alae a basi ad os continuatae, late expansae, longe ciliatae; peristomium 6 — 9 mm latum cylindrico-depressum, rubro-viride ad rubrum, operculum ovale ad ovatum, extus rubro- maculatum, intus copiose glandulosum. Bei Court erzogen und durch Veitch 1881 in den Handel gebracht. N. rufescens Masters in Gard. Chron. 3. s. IV. (1888) 669 et icon.; G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gartenztg. XX. (1895) 224; Miller in Cycl. Amer. Hort. III. (1901) 1072; Veitch, Hort. Veitch. (1906) 307, 488. — N. distillatoria var. rubra X Courtii [X. sp. incert. borneensis X Dominii [N. Rafflesiana X sp. incert. borneensis)]. — Caulis cylindricus, ruber; folia 25 — 35 cm X 6 — 8 cm coriaeca, petiolata; petiolus 2,5 — 3,5 cm longus, basi expansus amplexicaulis et longe decurrens, lamina elliptico-lanceo- lata, costa rubra, nervi longitudinales 3 — 4 marginem versus; ascidia 20 — 25 cm X 5—6 cm cylindrica, viridia zh rubro-diffusa vel rubro-maculata, alae a basi ad os con- tinuatae, aequales, ciliatae; peristomium 10 — 15 mm latum, obliquum, margine leviter undulatum, postice in collum 1 — 1,5 cm elongatum, valide striatum; operculum oblongum 5 — 6 cm X 3— 4 cm; ascidium intus glauco-viride. Bei Court im Etablissement Veitch erzogen und 1888 in den Handel gebracht. N. Savageana Hort, ex Miller in Cycl. Amer. Hort. III. (1901) 1074, ex Cat. Siebrecht and Wadley (1889) 51 ubi descriptio est "in the way of iV. Craigiana though it differs from that variety in that the pitchers are not quite as long but broader, like those of Hookcriana". Parentes ignoti. N. Sedeni Masters in Gard. Chron. (1872) 542; Florist and Pomol. (1872) 54; Nicholson, Dict. of Gard. II. (1885) 439; G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gartenztg. XX. (1895) 224; Veitch in Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. XXI. (1897) 237 et icon. 235, Hort. Veitch. (1906) 307, 487; Miller in Cycl. Amer. Hort. III. (1901) 1074. — Parentes non accurate noti, a't sec. Masters "raised from the pollen of JV. khasyana (= distillatoria of gardens) applied to the female flower of an undetermined species". — Caulis cylin- dricus, glaber; folia 15 — 25 cm X 4 — 6 cm, basi ± decurrentia, coriacea, lanceolata, glabra; ascidia 8 — 15 cm X 3 — 5 cm cylindrica, basi leviter dilatata, medium versus leviter contracta et ad os ± expansa, alae ciliatae; peristomium ovatum, cylindricum, postice ~b elevatum; operculum cordato-orbiculare rubro-punctatum. Von Seden im Etablissement Veitch erzogen. N. Seemannii Hort, ex Miller in Cycl. Amer. Hort. III. (1901) 1074 ex Cat. Pitcher and Manda. — Parentes ignoti, sine descriptione, ergo nomen nudum. N. Siebrechtiana Hort, ex Miller v. s. ex Cat. Siebrecht and Wadley (1889) 51, ubi nominata est N. Siebrechtii, sed descriptio imperfecta est et parentes haud indi-, cati sunt. Sec. specimina in Horto Univ. Pennsylv. asservata parentes probabiliter sunt eidem ac in N. Dormanniana. N. Shelburnei Hort, in Cat. Siebrecht and Wadley (1889) 51. — Parentes non indicali et descriptio imperfectus, ergo nomen nudum. N. Simonii Gautier in Journ. Soc. Nat. d'Hort. 4. s. IV. (1903) 589. — N. Northiana X mixta. — Parentes et semina ut in N. Fournieri, Gautieri, Maria- Louisa et Mercieri (q. v.) at ascidia viridia rubro-punctata, alae amplae, inferne un- dulatae, longe ciliatae; peristomium late expansum, margine exteriore undulato, viridi- luteo leviter rubro-striato. Bei Gautier in Neuilly-sur-Seine erzogen und 1903 ausgestellt. N. splendida Hort, ex Cat. Pitcher and Manda. — Sec. specimina in Horto Univ. Pennsylv. asservata parentes probabiliter sunt eidem ac in N. Ratcliffiana. 88 '« M. Macfarlane. — ISTepenthaceae. N. Stewartii Hort. Moore iD Flor, and Pomol. (1879) 156; G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gartenztg. XX. (1895) 222; Miller in Cycl. Amer. Hort. III. (1901) 1074; Veitch, Hort. Veitch. (1906) 487. — N. phyllamphora X Hookeriana. Die Eltern dieser Hybride sind dieselben wie für N. Ratclifßana und X. Morgan- iana und sie weicht nicht wesentlich von diesen ab. N. superba Williams in Garden XVIII. (1880) 624 et icon. 625; Dean in Floral Mag. (1881) t. 434; Masters in Gard. Chron. s. 2. XVI. '(1881) 846; Nicholson, Dict. of Gard. II. (1885) 439; G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gartenztg. XX. (1895) 220. — Parentes -non accurate noti, sed ex auctoribus probabiliter N. Hookeriana et N. Sedenii. — Caulis cylindricus, pubescens; folia 20 — 40 cm X 5 — 8 cm coriacea, petiolata; petiolus basi 1/2— amplexicaulis, lamina lanceolata, apice attenuata; ascidia 15 — 20 cm X 5 — 6 cm, cylindrico-ventricosa, viridia et tota copiose purpureo-maculata, alae a basi ad os continuatae, ciliatae; peristomium 8 — 12 mm latum aequale; operculum ovale, extus purpureo-maculatum. Diese Hybride ist mit der N. Henryana, N. Outramiana und N. Wüliamsii nahe verwandt, und wahrscheinlich sind alle hybride Varietäten aus einer hybriden Samensammlung. N. Taplinii Hort, ex Miller in Cycl. Amer. Hort. III. (1901) 1074, ex Cat. Sieb- recht and Wadley (1889) 51, ubi sine descriptione et nominibus parentum. Specimina culta auctori ignota sunt. Nomen nudum. N. Thorpeiana Hort. Historia ut in praeced. N. Tildeniana Hort, ex Miller v. s., ex Cat. Pitcher and Manda, et Siebrecht and Wadley (1889) 51, sine nominibus parentum. See. Cat. Siebrecht: "a fine hybrid with gorgeous pitcher s in the way of N. Siebrechtii" . N. Tiveyi Masters in Gard. Chron. 3. s. XXII. (1897) 201 et icon. 200, 201; Veitch in Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. XXI. (1897) 238 et icon. 53, Hort. Veitch. (1906) 307, 488. — JV". maxima var. superba X Veitchii. — Caulis ascendens cylindricus, ± villosus; folia 25 — 50 cm X 5 — 10 cm coriacea, petiolata; petiolus 4 — 8 cm longus, basi 3/4-amplexicau]is? longe decurrens; lamina elliptica vel obovata ad apicem rotun- data subpeltata vel peltata, supra glabra, subtus sparse villosa, nervi longitudinales 3 — 4; cirrhus quam aseidium brevior, crassus; ascidia 10 — 30 cm X 4 — 8 cm cylin- drica, basi gradatim contraeta, luteo-viridia maculis magnis irregularibus per totam superficiem dispersis, alae basim versus imperfeetae, superne aequales expansae et longe ciliatae; peristomium 20— 40 mm latum, obliquum, antice et postice angustatum, ad latera late expansum et marginibus exterioribus undulatum, postice in Collum elon- gatum; operculum 4 — 6 cm X 3 — 5 cm, cordatum, luteo-viride et purpureo-maculatum, basi intus carina verticali instruetum et apicem versus in calcar attenuatum; calcar 12 — 20 mm filiforme. Eine schöne Hybride, von Tivey im Etablissement Veitch erzogen und 1897 ausgestellt. N. Vallierae Desloges in Le Jardin XIX. (1905) 136 et icon. col.; Masters in Gard. Chron. s. 3. XXXVIII. (1905) 379, ubi parentes err. cit. sunt. — N. Tiveyi [N. maxima var. superba X Veitchii) X Morganiana? (N. Hookeriana X phyllamphora), ergo parentes ut in N. Boisiana; at ascidia extus luteo-viridia, peristomium late expansum, aureum et sparse rubro-striatum ; operculum ovatum viride vel sparse rubro- maculatum, intus basi leviter carinatum. Von Desloges erzogen und 1905 ausgestellt. N. Wadleyana Hort, ex Miller in Cycl. Amer. Hort. III. (1901) 1074 ex Cat. Siebrecht and Wadley (1894) 63, sed sine descriptione vel nominibus parentum, ergo nomen nudum. N. Washingtoniana Hort, ex Lindsay in Trans, and Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinb. XVIII. (1891) 237. — Nomen nudum. N. Williamsii Masters in Gard. Chron. 2. s. XIV. (1880) 40 et icon.; Baines in Garden XXVII. (1885) 496 et icon. col.; Nicholson, Dict. of Gard. II. (1885) 439; Nepenthes. 89 G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gartenztg. XX. (1895) 220; Miller in Cycl. Amer. Hort. III. (1901) 1074. — Parentes non accurate noti, sed ex structura probabiliter N. Sedeni (N. sp. incert. X distillatoria) X Hookeriana. — Vix differt a N. Henryana et N. Outramiana parentibus similibus, ascidiis exceptis, quae in N. Williamsii luteo-rubra vel pallido- rubra maculis multis sanguineis colorata et intus superne glauco-rubra et purpureo- maculata sunt. Bei Taplin erzogen und von Williams 1880 in den Handel gebracht. N. Wittei Veitch in Journ. Boy. Hort. Soc. XXI. (1897) 238; Kew Bulletin (1897) 2 38, ubi parentes (N. sp. incert. [auctori omnes characteres hybridae indicant N. steno- phylla] X maxima) indicati sunt, sed sine descriptione. Descriptio subsequens est ex specimine in Hort. Bct. Universitatis Pennsylvaniae asservato, quod cum speciminibus kewensibus et Veitchianis congruit. — Caulis sparse puberulus; folia 20 — 30 cm X i — 6 cm subcoriacea petiolata; petiolus alatus, alae medium versus ± angustatae, basi dz expansae et 3, 4-amplexicaules, lamina elliptico-obovata apice rotundata vel pel- tata, lucido- ad luteo-viridis, supra glabra, subtus glabra costa et margine exceptis, quae ferrugineo-hirsuta et ciliata sunt; ascidia 10 — 20 cm X 2 — 2,5 cm cylindrico- tubulosa, medium versus leviter contracta, sub peristomio cinctu brunneo-pubescente instructa, irregulariter rubro- vel purpureo-maculata, alae inferne reductae, ös versus et ante os gradatim expansae et ciliatae ; os obliquum ; peristomium antice et postice angustatum medio rh late expansum , postice in Collum elongatum; operculum 3 — 4 cm X 2 — 3 cm ovato-cordatum, extus rubro-striatum et maculatum, intus basi carina verlicali instructum. Bei Witte erzogen und durch die Firma Veitch ausgegeben. N. Wrigleyana Hort, ex Masters in Gard. Chron. 2. s. XVII. (1882) 143 et icon.; Nicholson in Dict. of Gard. II. (1885) 439; G. Beck in Wien. 111. Gartenztg. \\. (1895) 223; Veitch, Hort. Veitch. (1906) 307, 487. — N. phyllamphora X Hookeriana, ergo parentes ut in N. coccinea, N. Eyermanni, N. Laivrenccana, N. Morganiana} N. paradisae, N. Batclifßana, N. robusta et N. Stewartii. — Characteres in Ulis hybridis fere eidem sed variabiles. Auetor pro eis nomen unicum proponit. Nomina nuda v. incerta. N. cristata Brongn. in Ann. sc. nat. 1. s. I. (1824) 48. N. Lindleyana Low ex W. Baxt, in Loudon, Hort. Brit. Suppl. III. (1850) 593. Register für J. M. Macfarlane -Nepenthaceae. Die angenommene Gattung ist fett gedruckt, die angenommenen Arten sind mit einem Stern (*) bezeichnet. Affen-Krug 64. Ailanthus 23. Akar-taboeng-taboeng51. Amramatico 31. Aristolochiaceae 26. Bandura Adans. 27. Bandura-wel 37. Bat-batidor 72. Cadung 72. Cistaceae 26. Cytinaceae 26. D aoen-gindi 64. Dawon 64. Dawon-sompitan 71. Dionaea 22. Drosera 22. Drosera ceae 26. Gada-gada 64. Heliamphora 4, 5, 26. Igorrote 72. Inomangcalao 72. Kapok 31. Katoepat-baroek 52. Ketakong-betoel 34. Ketakong-Kidjang 51. Ketakong-mendjangan 62. Ketakong-monjit 59. NepenthaceaeBenth.etHook.f. 1 . Nepenthaceae Lindl. 1 , 4, 25, 26. Nepentheae Blume 1. Nepentheae Lindl. 1. Nepenthes L. 27. (3, 4 Fig. 1 , 5, 7, 8 Fig. 3, 14, 15 Fig. 6, 1 6 Fig. 7, 1 9 Fig. 8, 21, 22, 25). *alata Blanco 71, n. 53. (7, 8, 11, 20, 24, 30). var. y. bifiora Macfarlane 72, n. 53. var. ß. ecristata Macfar- lane 72, n. 53. albo-cincta var. rubra 38, n. 7. ♦albo-lineata F. M. Bailey 63, n. 40. (26, 29). *albo-marginataLobb 37, n.7. (3, 8, 10, 18, 17, 24. 25, 27, 39, 45). var. y. rubra Macfarlane 38, n. 7. var. ß. villosa Hook. f. 38, n. 7. *Alicae F. M. Bailey 57, n. 31. (3, 28). Alleniana Hort. 78. amabilis Hort. 78. Amesiana Veitch 78. ampullacea Low 33, n. 3. *ampullaria Jack 33, n. 3. (3, 5, 7, 8—12, 14, 17, 18, 20, 23, 25—27, 32 Fig. 13, 35, 56). var. y. Geelvinkiana Bec- cari 34, n. 3. var. ß. longicarpa Beccari 34, n. 3. ampullaria var. vittata 111. Hort. 33, n. 3. ampullaria var. vittata ma- jor hortulan. 33, n. 3. *anamensis Macfarlane 39, n. 8. (3, 7, 26, 27). Anerleyensis Hort. 78. *angustifolia Masters 59, n.34. (29). *Armbrustae F. M. Bailey 63, n. 39. (29). Arnoldiense Hort. 78. atrosanguinea Mast. 78. Balfouriana Hort. 78. *Beccariana Macfarlane 67, n. 47. (29, 68 Fig. 171. *Bernaysii F. M. Bailey 65, n. 43. (5, 29, 67). *bicalcarata Hook. f. 35, n. 5. (3—10, 14— 16 Fig. 7, 17, 19 Fig. 8, 20, 23, 25, 27, 36 Fig. 14). *Blancoi Blume 40, n. 1 1 . (27, 56). Boisiana Desloges 79. *Bongso Korthals 47, n. 18. (4, 23, 24, 28, 48). *Boschiana Korthals 71 , n. 52. (3, 7, 11, 20, 25, 30, 76). *Boschiana var. sumatrana Herb. Bot. Bog. 70, n. 49. Boschiana var. sumatrana Miq. 69, n. 49; 71, n. 52. Broomeana Hort. 79. *Burbidgei Hook. f. 70, n. 51 . (3, 5, 8, 11, 20, 30). *Burkei Masters 55, n. 28. (15 Fig. 6, 28). var. ß. excellens Veitch 55, n. 28. var. y. prolifica Mast. 55, n. 28. Celebica Hook. f. 74, 76, n. 56. chelsonii Veitch 79. chelsonii x distillatoria 82. chelsonii var. excellens Veitch 79, 81. *Cholmondeleyi F. M. Bailey 40, n. 10. (27). cincta Masters 8, 25, 45. Claytonii Hort. 79. coccinea Hort. 79. compacta Hort. 79. *Gopelandii Merrill 51, n. 23. (28). Courtii Veitch 79. Craigiana Hort. 80. cristata Brongn. 89. Curtisii Mast. 74, n. 56. (23, 25, 76). cylindrica Veitch 80. *Deaniana Macfarlane 57, n. 30. Deslogesii Jarry-Desloges 80. Dicksoniana Lindsay 80. distillatoria Grah. 37, n. 6, 59, n. 35. distillatoria Griffith 60. distillatoria Jack 37, n. 6. *distillatoria L. 35, n. 6. (8, 21, 23 Fig. 10, 24, 26, 27, 40). distillatoria Steud. 37, n. 6. distillatoria Wall. 63, n. 41. distillatoria var. rubra X Courtii 87. distillatoria X Sedenii 78. distillatoria X Veitchii 80. Dominiana Nicholson 80. Register. 91 Dominii Veitch 80, 83. Dominii var. intermedia 83. Dormanniana Williams 81. Dyak Moore 35, n. 5. Dyeriana Macfarlane 81 , 86. *echinostoma Hook. f. 70, n. 50. (10, 16 Fig. 7, 18, 25, 30). Edgeworthii Reicht», f. 53, n. 26. edinensis Lindsay 79, 81. Edmundsii Hort. 81. *EdwardsianaHook.f. 53,n.26. (8, 10, 18, 21, 25, 26 Fig. 12, 28, 52, 53 Fig. 16). Edwardsiana X villosa Bur- bidge 54. Elmenhorstiana Hort. 81. elongata G. Beck 81. *eustachya Miq. 51, n. 24. (28). excelsior Williams 81. Eyermanni Hort. 82. fallax G. Beck 74, n. 56. fimbriata Blume 63. n. 41. Findlayana Hort. 82. formosa Hort. 82. Fournieri Gautier 82. Gamerii Deslogcs 82. ♦Garrawayae F. M. Bailey 67, n. 46. (29). Gautieri Hort. 82. gracilis Beccari 59, n. 34. ♦gracilis Korth. 58, n. 33. (4, 5, 6 Fig. 2, 7, 8, 9 Fig. 4, 10, 12, 18, 19 Fig. 8, 20, 25, 26, 28, 37, 43, 51). gracilis var. arenaria 59. var. elongata Blume 59. *gracillima Ridley 38, n. 7*. gymnamphora Reinw. 56, n. 29. Hamiltoniana Hort. 82. Harryana Burbidge 25, 54. ♦Hemsleyana Macfarlane 61, n. 37. (10, 29). Henryana Williams 82, 89. Hibberdii Nicholson 82. ♦hirsuta Hook. f. 49, n. 21. (4, 8, 25, 28). var. ß. glabrata Macfar- lane 50, n. 21. var. «. typica Macfarlane 50, n. 21. hirsuta var. glabrescens Smith 37, n. 6. hispida G. Beck 49, 50, n. 21 . Hookerae Hort. 83. Hookeri Alphand 34, n. 4. *Hookeriana Lindley 34, n. 4. (12, 13 Fig. 5, 16 Fig. 7, 20, 23, 25, 27, 35). Hookeriana X Dominii 79. Hookeriana X phyllamphora 79, 85. Hookeriana X Rafflesiana 78. Hookeriana X Sedeni 82. hybrida Masters 83. var. ß. maculata Veitch 83. var. «. typica G. Beck 83. hybrida X Rafflesiana 84. ♦Jardinei F. M. Bailey 66, n. 44. (29). indica Poir. 37, n. 6. intermedia Veitch 83. Johnsonii Hort. 83. ♦Kennedyana F. Müll. 66, n. 45. (26, 29, 63). Kennedyi Benth. 66, n. 45. ♦khasiana Hook. f. 59, n. 35. (7, 8, 9, 10, 16 Fig. 7, 17, 18, 19 Fig. 8, 20, 2 I, 25, 26, 29, 37). khasiana X ? gracilis 83. Korthalsiana Herb. Galc. 51. Korthalsiana Miq. 58, n. 33. laevis Lindl. 58, n. 33. lanata Lindl. 73, n. 54. Lawrenciana Masters 83. Lindleyana Low 89. Loddigesii Baxter 34, n. 4. Lonewoodii Hort. 83. *Lowii Hook. f. 76, n. 57. (9, 10, 11, 16 Fig. 7, 18, 19 Fig. 8, 20, 25 Fig. 12, 30, 77 Fig. 19). lyrata Veitch 84. *MaciarlaneilIemsley 77,n.58. (8, 11, 20, 30). macrostachya Bl. 03, n. 41, 65. *madagascariensis Poir. 31, n. 2. (5, 15 Fig. 6, 23, 26, 27). var. cylindrica Dubard 32, n. 2. var. macrocarpa Scott Elliott 32, n. 2. Maria-Louisa Gautier 84. Mastersiana Veitch 25, 84. var. purpurea Hort. 84. maxima Herb. Kew. 76. *maxima Reinw. 74, n. 56. (5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 18, 20, 21, 23, 25, 26, 30, 71, n. 52, 75 Fig. 1 8). maxima var. sumatrana Bec- cari 69, n. 49. maxima var. superba X Veitchii 88. Mayi Hort. 84. *melamphora Blume 56, n. 29. (3, 7, 10, 20, 21, 25, 28). var. ß. haematamphora Miq. 57, n. 29. var. y. tomentella Beccari 57, n. 29. melamphora Hook. f. 59, n. 35. melamphora Villar 40, n. 1 1 ; 56, n. 29. Mercieri Gautier 84. mixta Masters 25, 84, 85. var. sanguinea Masters 85. mixta x Dicksoniana 81 . mixta x Mastersiana 78. ♦Moorei F. M. Bailey 65, n. 42. (29). Morganiae Masters 85. Morganiana Veitch 85. *neglecta Macfarlane 58, n. 32. (25, 28). ♦Northiana Hook. f. 44, n. 1 5. (3, 5, 8, 9, 10, 15, 17, 20, 25, 28, 45). Northiana x albo-marginata Masters 45. Northiana x maxima 84. Northiana x mixta 82, 84, 87. Northisii Veitch 84, 85. O'Brieniana Linden et Rodi- gas 64, n. 41 ; 85. Osborniana Hort. 85-. Outramiana Williams 85, 89. paradisae Hort. 85. paradisae x Henryana 86. Pascoensis Bailey 65. Patersonii Hort. 86. *Pervillei Blume 30, n. 1. (16 Fig. 7, 19 Fig. 8, 20, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27). ♦philippincnsis Macfarlane 43, n. 14. (27). Phyllamphora Sims 59, n. 35. ♦phyllamphora Willd. 63, n. 41. (5, 7, 10, 11, 14, 16 Fig. 7, 17, 18, 19 Fig. 8, 26, 29, 37, n. 6, 40, 65, 67). phyllamphora X Hookeriana 82, 83, 85, 86, 88, 89. phyllamphora var. mac- rantha 65. phyllamphora var. platy- phylla 65. picturata Hort. 86. Pitcheri Hort. 86. pumila Griff. 45, n. 16. ♦Rafflesiana Jack 61, n. 38. (3, 5, 7—10, 20, 23, 25, 26, 29, 34, 35, 61). var. glaberrima Hook. f. 61, n. 37. var. Hookeriana 63. var. insignis Mast. 62. var. tf. minor Beccari 62, n. 38. var. ß. nigro-purpurea Mast. 62, n. 38. var. y. nivea Hook. f. 62, n. 38. (8, 14). Rafflesiana X chelsonii 81 . Rafflesiana X Hookeriana 78, 81. Rafflesiana x phyllamphora 83. Rafflesiana X Sedenii 81. 92 Register. Rafflesiana x Veilchii 80. Raflesea Hort. 61, n. 38. *rajah Hook. f. 46, n. 17. (5, 7,8, 10,23, 25, 26 Fig. 12, 28). Ratcliffiana Veitch 86. *Rein\varclüana Miq. 50, n. 22. (5, 10, 18, 20, 28, 39). Reinwardtii Hook. f. 50, n. 22. remilliensis Macfarlane 86. Remilly 86. robusta Hort. 86. Roeblingii Hort. 86. *Rowanae F. M. Bailey 69, n. 48. (20, 29, 67). rubra Nicholson 37, n. 6. rubro-maculata Veitch 87. rufescens Masters 87. Sanderiana Burbidge 61 , n. 38. sanguinea Gard. Chron. 45. *sanguinea Lindl. 45, n. 16. (8, 9. 10, 17, 18, 21, 25, 28, 46, 48). sanguinea Masters 73, n. 54. sanguinea x khasiana 84. Savagcana Hort. 87. Sedeni Masters 11, 87. Sedeni x Hookeriana 85, 89. Seemannii Hort. 87. Slielburnei Hort. 87. Siebrechtiana Hort. 87. Siebreehtii Hort. 87. Simonii Gautier 87. *singalana Beccari 47, n. 19. (28). ♦Smilesii Herasley 40, n. 9. (3, 26, 27, 40); Smitbii G. Beck 37, n. 6. speciosa Hort. 37, n. 6. splendida Hort. 87. spuria Beck 44, n. 15. *stenophylla Masters 74, n. 55. (30). Stewartii Hort. 88. superba Williams 88. Taplinii Hort. 88. *tentaculata Hook. f. 4 1 , n. 1 2. (4, 11, 18, 23, 27, 42 Fig. 15). var. ß. imberbis Beccari 43, n. 12. (11). var. y. tomentosa Mac- farlane 43, n. 12. tentaculata forma G. Beck 59, n. 34. Teysmanniana Miq. 38, n. 7. Thorpciana Hort. 88. Tildeniana Hort. 88. Tiveyi Masters 25, 88. Tiveyi X mixta 80, 82, 86, Tiveyi X Morganiana 79, 88. tomentella Miq. 38, n. 7. *Treubiana Warburg 69, n. 4 9. (30, 71, n. 52). *lrichocarpa Miq. 4 3, n. 13. (27, 43). *tubulosa Macfarlane 60, n.36. (29). Vallierae Desloges 88. ♦Veitchii Hook. f. 73, n. 54. (3, 7—11, 14, 15 Fig. 6. 17, 18, 25, 30, 45, 52). ♦ventricosa Blanco 54, n. 27. (3, 15, 18, 28, 55). ♦Vieillardii Hook. f. 48, n. 20. (7, 20, 26, 28). var. ß. Deplanchei Dubard 49, n. 20. var. y. Montrouzierii Du- bard 49, n. 20. *villosa Hook. f. 52, n. 25. (8, 10, 17, 22 Fig. 9. 25, 26 Fig. 12, 28, 53, 73). villosa Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. LXXXIV. (1858) t. 5080. 52. Wadleyana Hort. 88. Wardii Wrighl 30, n. 1. Washingtoniana Hort. 88. Williamsii Masters 88, 89. Wittei Veitch 89. Wrigleyana Hort. 89. Zeylanica Raf. 37, n. 6. Zeylanica var. rubra G. Beck 37, n. 6. Nepenthin 2'. Nepenthinae Link (sect.) 1. Papaveraceae 26. Phyllamphora Lour. 1, 27. mirabilis Lour. 64. Ponga 31. Prioek-beroek 64. Sarracenia 4. Sarraceniaceae 4, 7, 26. Sogon-sogon 41. Sulud-sulud 41. Tarsius spectrum 10. Tumahaha 72. Druck von Breitkopf & Härtel in Leipzig. Das Pflanzenreich ■r-4 :'-:■, y'K . H üü - ■'-9 •'■■ Wmm m