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é

A DESCRIPTION

OF

SIXTEEN NEW SPECIES

OF

NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS,

DESCRIBED IN THE ANNALS

OF THE

NEW YORK LYCEUM.

OF

BY JACOB P. GIRAUD, Jr.

COLLECTED IN TEXAS, 18388.

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NEW YORK.

GEORGE F. NESBITT, PRINTER, TONTINE BUILDING,
CORNER OF WALL AND WATER STREETS,

1841,

a

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Saas ee

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hi

pees PUMA

In adding to my collection a number of specimens of various genera and species received from Texas, I
discovered many of those species procured by Dr. Townsend and others during their “journey across the
Rocky Mountains,’ which induces me to believe that many of those species that visit the Columbia River,
pass the winter in Texas. Figured and described in Audubon’s American Ornithology.

Harris's Woodpecker,
Picus Harristi, Audubon.

Red Shafted Woodpecker,
Colaptes Mexicanus, Swainson,
Picus Mexicanus, Audubon.

Black Headed Grosbeak,
Coccoborus Melanocephalus, Swainson,
Fringilla Melanocephalus, Audubon.

Evening Grosbeak,
Coccothraustes Vespertina, Swainson and Richardson,
Fringilla Vespertina, Cooper, Bonaparte, Audubon.

Crimson Fronted Finch,
Pyrrhula Frontalis, Bonaparte and Nuttall,
Fringilla Frontalis, Audubon.

Western Blue Bird,
Sialica occidentalis, ‘Townsend and Audubon. bee

Says Fly Catcher,
Tyrannula Saya, Swainson and Richardson,
Muscicapa Saya, Bonaparte, Nuttall, Audubon.

Rocky Mountain Fly Catcher
Tyrannula Nigricans, Swainson,
Muscicapa Nigricans, Audubon.

Audubon’s Wood Warbler,
Sylvia Audubonii, Townsend and Audubon.

Yellow Headed Troopial,
Angelaius Xanthocephalus, Swainson and Richardson,
Icterius Xanthocephalus, Bonaparte, Nuttall, and Audubon.

Artic Blue Bird,
Sialia Artica, Swainson, Nuttall, Audubon.

Violet Green Swallow,
~ Mirurdo Thalassinus, Swainson,
Mirurdo Thalassina, Audubon.

Townsends Wood Warbler,
Sylvicola Townsendi, Nuttall,
Sylvia Townsendi, Audubon.

Hermit Wood Warbler,
Sylvicola Occidentalis Townsend,
Sylvia Occidentalis, Audubon.

Arkansas Fly Catcher,
Tyrannns Verticalis, Say,
Muscicapa Verticalis, Audubon, Bonaparte, Nuttall.

Brown Song Finch,
Fringilla Crinerea, Gmel and Audubon.

Oregon Snow Bird,
Fringilla Oregona, Townsend and Audubon,

With the present heretofore undescribed species, which I have the gratification of introducing into the
American Fauni.

J. P. GIRAUD, Jr.

Measurement taken from dried Specimens.

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ICTERUS AUDUBONII.

Entire head, throat and foreneck black, with a few points of black extending on
the breast ; lower plumage yellow, wings and tail black, third and fourth quill
equal and longest, second and fifth about equal, sixth longer than the third ; pri-
maries attenuated on the outer webs, margined with white; secondaries edged
with yellowish- white; back, rump and upper tail-coverts greenish-yellow ; latter-
al tail-feathers short, middle feathers longest. Length 8 5-8, wing from fica 4
inches, tarsus 1 inch, acute behind, bill along the ridge 10-12, gap 11-12, middle
toe and claw 11-12.

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BLU Ne TEXENSIS.

TRaca Oa Py le EOL (P_EF2 LELS [F1e6 , }I. LEO et 5 1760
Gm . Ts pea es,

cn 175
pee Arnelle . b7- bun fof Aes pe Yl.

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//Lles

Head proportionately small, body large; tail long, consisting of twelve broad.
feathers; bill strong, broad at the base, slightly declinate at the tip of the upper
mandible, bristles at the base; nostrils partially concealed by a few recumbent fea-
thers, a broad band of aoe crossing the forehead extending the entire length of
head; crown, cheeks, lore and sides of the neck dusky; throat and fore-neck pure
white; back, scapulars and rump brown, deeply tinged with green; wings brown,
margined in the outer webs with greenish-yellow; upper tail-coverts brown, breast,
abdomen, sides, vent and under tail-coverts lemon color; shafts, secendaries white,
primaries brown; second and third quill equal and longest, fourth and fifth a little
shorter, sixth longer than the first; tail brown, margined with pale greeny shafts
white and strong, slightly emargirate or nearly even; upper tail-coverts brown,
margined with pale green; a concealed patch of bright vermillion on the top of the
head, bill dark horn color, lighter below; length along the ridge 1-2 inch, gap 8-12,
tarsus, feet and claws strong, scutellate; length from bill to end of tail 7 1-4
inches, wings from flexure 4 inches, tarsus 3-4, latteral toes equal and free, middle

toe and claw 3-4, hind toe 63-12 inches.

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MUSCICAPA LAWRENCETI.

4 Ty ma darit a ee ee = Say, Syn. Nee. roy ’

Third and fourth quill about equal and longest; first, half an inch shorter than
the second, fifth longer than the second, sixth shorter; upper plumage dull brown,
inclining to olive on the back, darkest on the crest; outer webs, primaries com-
mencing on the second quill, partially margined with rufus, secondaries the en-
tire length; secondarie and lesser coverts tipped with the same; throat, fore-
neck and breast cinerious ; rest of lower plumage yellow, wings and tail brown;
the latter consisting of twelve broad feathers margined with rufus; bill strong, de-
clinate at the tip, broad at the base, long bristles, dark horn color, nostrils partial-
ly eonceaicd: tarsus, feet and toes covered with seutella, toes slender. Bill along
the ridge 83-12, gap 1 inch, tarsus 93-12, wings from flexure 3 4-12 inches, length
from bill to end of tail 6 5-12.

. This species named after George Lawrence, Eisq., of this city.

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MUSCICAPA FULVIFRONS.

Head rather long, neck short, body slender; tarsus and feet weak, plumage
loose, crested; bill short, depressed, broad at the base, nostrils open, upper mandi-
ble declinate at the tip, horn color, dark above, whitish below, bristles at the
base; eye encircled with yellowish-white; shafts brown, second and third quill
about equal and longest, fourth a little shorter, sixth and first equal; upper part
brown, tinged with yellowish; wings brown; outer web, first primarie white,
secondaries broadly edged with pale white on the one webs; secondarie
and first row, small coverts broadly tipped with pale brown ; tail brown, emargin-
ate, outer web first feather, white ; lower plumage deep buff, lightest on the throat
and fore-neck; under tail-coverts white, tinged with pale yellow; claws weak,
arched, compressed, acute. Length from bill tothe end of tail 4 9-12, wings from
flexure 2 8-12, tarsus 7-12, bill along the ridge 1-3, gap 63-12.

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SYLVIA HALSEII.

Head small, bill slender, broader than high at the base; tarsus,feet and toes
slender, claws weak, much compressed ,arched, acute; tail moderate,slightly round-
ed, feathers rather pointed; forehead dusky, a spot of yellow at the base of upper
mandible, a broad streak of white commencing over the eye extending beyond
the head, cheeks brown, throat white; sides of the body spotted with dusky-grey,
rest of lower parts white, upper plumage slate color, tinged with olive on the
back. Wings and tail brown, primaries edged with white on both inner and
outer webs; secondaries more broadly edged with the same, secondarie and first
row, small coverts broadly tipped with white forming two distinct bands on the
wings; shafts brown, second quill longest, third a little shorter, Pa and fourth
about equal; inner webs, outer two tail-feathers pure white, an oblong spot of
brown commencing midway on the outer webs, increasing as it continues to the
end, outer web slightly edged with white midway third feather, inner web an ob-
long spot of white. Bull along the ridge 5-12, gap 3-4, tarsus 83-12, middle toe

and claw 62-12, wing from flexure 2 1-2 inches, length 5 inches.

This species I have named after Abraham Halsey, Esq., President of the Brook-
lyn Lyceum of Natural History.

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MUSCICAPA DERHAMII.

_ Ne 7 Ame ) - 1c 4 Ts, A ys A. fie. A, hes ‘
a ele p hapa BA pa tcel he. Sic HL eael 67 De ba ai CL Bie Cd YP OTe aaa) '

Head small, tail long, rounded, consisting of twelve rather broad feathers; toes
slender, claws very much compressed, arched, acute, hind toe strongest; bill rather
short, depressed at the base, bristles extending nearly to the tip, nostrils partially
concealed by feathers. Forehead and loral space black; crown and occiput
chesnut- brown spotted with dusky, upper plumage slate color; wings and tail
brown, the latter darkest; outer four tail-feathers spotted with white, first more
so, fourth least; fourth quill a little longer than the third and fifth, which are
about equal; shafts brown, throat and foreneck black, sides dusky, breast and ab-
domen light red; under tail-coverts black at the base, terminating with white;
upper tail-coverts dark brown, tipped with slate color. Length from bill to end
of tail 5 inches, wings from flexure 2 7-12, tarsus 8-12, middle toe and claw 61-12,

hind toe strongest, bill along the ridge 4-12, gap 6-12.

This species I have named in memory of the lamented Cassimere H. Derham.

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MUSCICAPA BELLI.

Head rather large, flattened above; bill moderate, nostrils partially concealed ;
tail graduated, consisting of twelve narrow feathers, rather pointed; a line of yellow
commencing at the base of upper mandible, passing over the eye entire length of
the head; some of the feathers black on the inner webs, giving the appearance of
a line of black directly above, separated in front by a small spot of black; crown,
cheeks, and a spot before the eye chesnut-brown; throat, breast, and abdomen
yellow; sides tinged with greenish- olive, under tail-coverts and vent yellow ;
entire upper plumage olivaceous; wings and tail brown, margined with green ;
third and fourth quill equal, second and sixth about equal; shafts brown; toes
moderate ; claws. compressed, arched, acute; hind toe strongest ; pill along the
ridge 53-12, gap 7-12, length 4 inches; wings from flexure, 3 inches; tarsus LO-12,
acute behind, middle toe and claw 8-12, plumage loose, soft and blended.

This species [ have named after John G. Bell, Esq., of this city; devoted to

natural history.

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PARGS LEGeCOGTLTS.

S étoplape ee — . ear , Cer 2G

Head rather large, roundish; neck short; nostrils covered by bristly feathers;
tail rather long, consisting of twelve feathers. graduated ; entire upper and lower
plumage red, darkest on the back; cheeks satin white, wings and tail brown,
margined on the outer webs with dark red; third and fourth quill about equal
and longest, fifth longer than the second, sixth longer than the first; bill horn
color, lighter below, bristles at the base. Length along the back 1-3, gap 1-2
inch, tarsus, feet and claws slender; claws arched, compressed, acute; length

A 9-10, wing from flexure 2 1-2, tarsus 8-12 inches.

2

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FRINGILLA TEXENSIS.

Bill short, robust, conical, head ovate; neck short; body compact; nostrils con-
cealed by feathers; second and third quill longest and equal, first scarcely short-
er; head, back,scapulars and upper tail-coverts black, glossy, with a few touches
of yellow; rump white, intermixed with black; wings and tail blackish-brown, a
spot of white on the primaries, commencing on the third quill; secondaries broad-

ly edged with white, tipped with the same; secondarie coverts tipped with pale

yellowish-white, a spot of white on the mner webs of the three latteral tail-feath-
ers extending about two thirds the length; tail nearly even; the entire lower plu-
| _ ~mage yellow. Length from bill to end of tail 4inches, wings from flexure 2 4-12,
tarsus 6-12, middle toe, rather longer, hind toe strongest, latferal toes equal, the

y outer connected as far as the first Joint; bill on the back 4-12, gap 43-12.

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PIPRA GALERICULAT A.

Se

— ei

Bill short, stout, broad at the base, dorsal line arched; head ovate, neck
short, body compact, tail short,slightly emarginate; second and third quill equal
and longest, first longer than the fourth; forehead chesnut-brown edged with
black ; cheeks, throat and fore-neck dark glossy blue ; crown,occiput and hind

neck, with a line extending around on the fore-neck bright azure blue; upper plu-

ea

mage dark glossy blue, Iris; lower parts chesnut-brown, lightest on the sides ;
wings and tail dark brown, margined with blue; bill bluish, nostrils visible; feet
¢ : covered with scutella, toes rather slender, claws compressed, arched. Middle
| toe and claw 7-12; outer, connected as far as the first joint and a little larger than
the inner; tarsus 61-12, bill along the ridge 33-12, gap 9-12, length from bill to
end of the tail 4 5-12, wings from flexure 2 7-12 inches.

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MUSCICAPA LEUCOMUS.

Sa bee
x ple ie.

se i > s >
) elophee-a foretir Gm. Birt ~Z2lh,
oO / (

ae

Head small, bill rather short, depressed, slightly declinate at the tip; tail long,

I ce

rounded, consisting of twelve rather broad feathers; entire upper plumage black:

- throat and fore-neck black, a few red feathers concealed beneath; sides black,
flanks dusky, breast and abdomen bright red; vent dusky-grey; under tail-co-
verts black at the base, terminating with white ; wings and tail blackish-brown,
tail darkest; outer webs, three latteral feathers pure white, a spot of brown on
second, third and fourth quill, equal and longest; fifth a little longer than the
first ; secondarie and first row, small coverts pure white, forming a conspicuous
patch on the wings ; outer web, first primarie edged with white, a few of the sec-
ondaries edged with the same. Bill along the ridge 4-12, gap 1-2 inch, tarsus 8-12,

| | the inner webs near the base, extending on the third feather nearly to the end;
middle toe and claw 7-12, length from bill to end of the tail 5 1-2, inches, wings

| from flexure 2 10-12.
h :

A

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ae

8

MUSCICAPA BRASIERLI.

Get rp hapa aw7rreafs. lla. S were

LM Cir . “gi Feels .

Head rather large; body rather slender, plumage loose; bill broad at the base,
rather strong; nostrils partially concealed, eye encircled with pale yellow; upper

mandible slightly declinate at the tip, bristles at the base; tarsus and toes slender,

claws weak, arched, compressed, acute; hind toe strongest; tail slightly rounded
or graduated, consisting of twelve rather pointed feathers; third and fourth quill
about equal and longest, fifth longer than the second, sixth longer than the first ;
fore-head and loral space pale yellow, intermixed with dusky; a line of black pas-
ane over the head on the hind-neck ; middle space orange, changing to greenish
-yellow as it extends on the hind-neck ; cheeks and sides of the neck greenish
-yellow; back,scapulars, ramp and upper tail-coverts olivaceous ; wings and tail
brown, margined on the outer webs with greenish ; the entire lower plumage yel-
low. Bill horn color, lighter below; length along the back 5-12, gap 7-12, tarsus
10!-12, middle toe and claw 63-12, wings from flexure 2 4-12, length from bill to

end of tail 5 inches.

This species I have named after Phillip Brasier, Ksq., Brooklyn, Long Island.

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MUSCICAPA RUBRIFRONS.

Head moderate; body slender; bill horn color, lightest below, upper mandible
broadest, slightly declinate at the tip; fore-head and loral space light red, crown,
occiput and cheeks black, eye encircled with red; back,scapulers and tail-coverts
ashy-grey, rump white; wings and tail brown, slightly margined with ashy-grey, pri-
marie shafts ight brown, third quill longest, second and fourth about equal, first lon-
ger than the fifth, tail even,slightly attenuated or pointed; throat and fore-neck red,
fading as it extended on the breast, sides of the body dusky-grey, rest of lower
plumage white, he from bill to end of tail 4 inches, wing from flexure 2 7-12,
tarsus 8-12, middle toe and claw 7-12, tarsus and toes slender, claws arched,much

compressed; acute ridge 4-12, gap 6-12.

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SPYLVIA OLIVACEA.

Second and third quill about equal and longest, fourth a little shorter, first and
fifth about equal; head, throat, breast, neck and hind neck dull ochre, inclining
to olive as it extends on the back; upper plumage cnet tinged with olivace-
ous; abdomen soiled white, tinged with greenish-yellow; lore and a line behind
the eye black, broadest at the termination; wings brown, margined with white
on the inner webs; outer, greenish-yellow, lesser coverts tipped with white, secon-
darie coverts edged with greenish-yellow on the outer webs, paler at the tips,
forming two distinct bands on the wings; a spot of white on the primaries com-
mencing on the fourth quill beyond the coverts; vent and under tail-coverts, soiled
white; tail brown, slightly forked, margined with greenish-yellow, an oblong spot
of white on the outer three feathers extending nearly to the ends on the inner
webs; asmall spot of white on the fourth feather near the end; bill black above,
lighter at the base of lower mandible, slightly notched; tarsus and toes slender,
claws arched, compressed, acute. Length from bill to the end of tail 5 3-8 inches,
wings from flexure 3 1}-12, bill along the back 5-12, gap 7-12, tarsus 93-12, middle
toe and claw 8-12.

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Bill slightly arched, shorter than the head; wings rather broad and rounded;
first quill very short, fourth longest, fifth and third scarcely shorter, second, quarter
inch shorter than the third; upper plumage dark brown, darkest on the head, the

feathers tipped with light brown giving it a spotted appearance; throat, fore-neck
and breast. pure white, abdomen reddish-brown, flanks and vent darker, bared

with dusky, wings spotted with brown, faintly bared with dusky; tail and coverts

light brown, broadly bared with black, tail rather long, broad and rounded; nostrils

Bill along the back 8-12, gap 11-12, claws compressed, arched,

long and open.
acute; tarsus 3-4, length 5 3-8, wings from flexure 2 1-2 inches.

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ALAUDA MINOR.

Forehead pale yellow, a line of the same passing over the eye; crown black; occi-
put and hind neck reddish-brown; afew black pointed feathers on the latteral part
of the head; a broad line of black commencing at the base of the upper mandible,
passing down on the sides of the neck; throat light yellow, with abroad black patch
on the lower neck; sides reddish-brown; breast white, spotted with brown ;
rest lower plumage white; back and wings brown; outer primarie, edged with
white ; second and third quill equal and longest, first a little shorter; longer than
a fourth ; secondaries, tipped with white, lesser coverts reddish-brown, tipped
with white; secondarie coverts tipped with the same; upper tail- coverts reddish
brown; tail dark brown, two middle feathers lighter; outer webs, latteral tail-feath-
ers, mar-gined with white. Length from bill to end of tail 62 inches ; wings from
flexure 3 11-12, tarsus 93-12, hind toe 81.12 middle toe 8-12, bill on the back 5-12,
along the gap 8-12.

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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES

LAMINA

9088 OO3L?e4e &
crisrb fOL681.G52
A description of sixteen new species of

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