EX LIBRIS William Healey Dall . Division of Mollusks Sectional Library ral) VA ay rer | 7 1 § y fea 1 y, ti my igor a ane [From Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Vol. viii, Part II, 1876.] Uivision of Molluaing A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE SCALIDH OF THE WEST INDIA ISLANDS. By O. A\ L. Morcu, Ph.D. OBSERVATIONS. The present paper was originally destined to be part of a descriptive Catalogue of the collection of the late Robert Swift, of St. Thomas and Philadelphia; but additions from the collections of Mr. Henry Krebs and Mr. A, H. Riise and others have much increased the material not only in new species, but especially in nume- rous specimens in well-selected suites representing varieties and geographical distribution. It was the intention to figure not only the new species, but also those rarer ones already figured only in rare or costly works; but circumstances have com- pelled a change of plan, and limit the illustrations to a single plate. CoPpENHAGEN, May, 1875. The Scalide of the West Indies. The species of the genus Scala of Klein were by Linné associated with Turri- tella, Clausilia, &c. in the genus Turbo, from which Lamarck separated it under the name Scalaria ; distinguishing it by its numerous varices from Turritella. A knowledge of the animal and its anatomy has, however, shown that those two genera are widely different; Turritella belonging to the Diorca, order Tenioglos- sata (Troschel), having seven rows of teeth with reflected edges, proving its phyto- phagous habits; Scala, on the contrary, to the ANDROGYNA, order Ptenoglossata, having subulate multiseriate teeth wanting the median or rhachial tooth. This latter circumstance proves that the animal, like Testacella and Ianthina, swallows its food entire or in large morsels. In fact, Scala grénlandica feeds (according to Dr. Gould)* eagerly on fresh beef, especially if somewhat macerated. In the form of the teeth and in their predacious habits, the Scalide agree with lanthinide, in * Gould, Invertebrata of Massachusetts, 1841, p. 250. 48 (189 ) OCT 2 € 1988 LIBRARIES 190 A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE the mouth of which often are found young individuals of the same species. The Ianthinide differ chiefly from Scalide by the floating apparatus adapted to their oceanic life, Between the shells there are some marked transitions, e. g. Recluzia and the ribbed Ianthina (Iodina) exigua, Lam., on one side, and Scala (Lanthoscala) inconspicua, Sow., S. concinna, Sow., &c., on the other. The Scalide may be con- sidered creeping Ianthinide. Several attempts have been made to divide the genus Scala into subgenera, but as yet none have proved successful. In Cat. Yoldi, 1852, p. 48, I adopted the following divisions :— Acton, Leach, with the whorls separated. S. scalaris, L. Scaa, Klein (Clathrus, Oken), whorls not separated. Craturus, Gray (Scal. australis, Linn., and 8. grénlandica, Perry), with flat sutures. CrrsorreMA, Moreh, is generally adopted as a genus on account of the crispate varices. Actrsa, M6rch, Prod. Moll. Gronl. 1857; Adams’ Gen. Supp. Chiefly founded on the want of varices; this character is, however, very doubtful. Scala ochotensis, Midd., which evidently is nearly specifically the same, has sometimes rather distinct ribs, and Scala wroblewskyi, Morch (Scalaria borealis, Gould), is sometimes quite smooth. In the Genera of H. and A. Adams, Nov. 1853, p. 220, the following subgenera are added :— Ama@a, H. and A, Adams; Scala minuta, Bolt (Scala martinii, Wood.) The chief characters, rudimentary ribs and spiral striae, are not constant even in the same species. If the spiral line proves of generic value, Scala grénlandica would enter this genus chiefly, as Scala lovéni, Mac Andr., considered by several as a variety only, has spiniferous ribs like Amwa minuta. Opa.iA, H. and A. Adams, was established on species with a spiral basal ridge, a character probably of less importance, as Scala lamellosa, Lam., and Scala australis, Lam., scarcely can be congeneric. AcriLLa, H. and A, Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1860, p. 241. Type Scala acumi- nata, Sowb. Shell turritelloid, ribs filiform. The geographical distribution of the Scalidz agrees in many respects with the Corals, the number of species being largest in the tropical seas, chiefly on the coral islands, and smallest towards the poles. Thus in the north polar region are only found four species: Scala grénlandica, Perry, is cireumpolar; in the sea of Greenland and Labrador is found besides this species Scala (Acirsa) borealis, Beck (Sc. eschrichtii, Holb.), which is not found recent on the European side of the Atlantic Ocean, but occurs fossil in Sweden (Uddevalla), Ireland, &c. In the northern part of the Pacific Ocean is found, besides Scala grénlandica, SCALIDA OF THE WEST INDIA ISLANDS. 191 Scala wroblewskyi, Mirch (Scalaria borealis, Gould, now Beck), Scala ochotensis, Midd., which may be considered a gigantic Scala borealis, Beck. In the south polar region Scala wroblewskyi is represented by Scala australis, Lam., which resembles it so closely that Dr. Gould considered it identical, and for this reason retired his species. Scala borealis, Beck, is represented by Scala gran- osa, Q. and G., which was considered a Turritella on account of the want of ribs. On the American Atlantic coast line, from Cape Cod to South Carolina, six species are indicated. In the tropical region, the Gulf of Mexico with its islands, the north coast of South America, which however is little known, are found forty species, of which only one is not found on the islands. From Rio Janeiro to the Strait of Magellan only six species are again indicated. On the American Pacific coast line, from Vancouver’s Island to Upper Califor- nia, Dr. Carpenter has enumerated about eleven species. In the tropical region from California to Peru twenty-six species. On the south coast of South America influenced by the polar stream no species is indicated except Scala magellanica, Phil., from the Straits of Magellan. On the European side of the Atlantic Ocean, on the coast of Norway and England, are indicated four species, all of which are found also in the Mediterra- nean; in this sea and in the adjacent parts of the Atlantic from Portugal to Madeira, are found twenty-three species, of which a few only are found at Madeira. From the tropical west coast of Africa about six species are indicated; at Cape of Good Hope about five species, among which is Scalaria australis, Lam. On the Asiatic side of the Pacific Ocean, from Japan and China, are indicated about thirty-three species; from the Philippine Islands thirty five species, nearly all collected by the late Mr. Cuming. From the Red Sea and India about twenty-five species; from New Guinea and the other Pacific islands about twenty species; and from New Holland and New Zealand about fourteen species are known. The number of living species is probably about 240, which generally have a limited distribution, although several species by some authors are considered iden- tical on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean and between India and the West Indies. The West Indian fauna, containing forty species, is the richest in Scalidz, but I suppose that the Philippines, when better investigated, will prove still richer. D’Orbigny in his excellent ‘“ Mollusques de Cuba,” published 1842,* indicates seven species, of which five are new. * The two volumes have the year 1853. Vol. I. is, according to Troschel’s ‘‘ Jahresbericht,’’ published in 1841, except the two last sheets which are from 1842; of Vol. II. the first seven sheets were published 1842. 192 A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE G. B. Sowerby, Jun., in the “Thesaurus Conchyliorum,” 1844, Part IV., con- taining ninety-four species, indicates ten species from the West Indies, of which eight are new. In the present paper are enumerated forty species, of which eighteen are new and three for the first time identified as West Indian. Synopsis Familie Scalidarum Indiarum occidentalium. Fam. SCALID/. Gen. Scara, Klein (Scalaria, Lam.). Sect. *. Aciona, Leach. 1. ScALA KREBSII, Morch, n. sp., Pl. 29, figs. 1 and 2. T. umbilicata, ovata, polita, striis spiralibus aciculatis irregularibus; strize incrementi obso- letissimee ; anfr. disjuncti ad suturam angulato-plani, convexi; coste x in anfr. ult. ad suturum aurite: apertura subcircularis, labio subreflexo. Color albus, in media parte anfr. pallide ferrugineus. Long. 17 mm.; lat. 105 mm.; alt. aperture 6 mm. Analogue of Scala subpretiosa, Bly. (Sc. pallasii, Kien.) Sowb. Thes. Conch. 1844, fig. 14; but the new species is much smaller. Hab. St. Thomas “60' bl. S. Mud.” H. Krebs (fig. 1), St. Martin, spm, juvenile (H. Krebs, fig. 2). 2. SCALA PRETIOSULA, Mérch, n. sp. T. perforata, oblongo-ovata, lactea, politissima; striz incrementi argute, obsoletissimee ; anfr. omnino disjuncti, sutura hiante; coste viii in anfr. ult. compresse, candid, foliaceze, obso- letissime crispatze, suturam versus expanse cost 6 ult. antecedenti oblique adnate, ceterz continu; apertura ovalis (sed. fracta in spm.). Long. 114 mm.; lat. 6; mm.; alt. apertura 4 mm. Hab. St. Martin (H. Krebs), two specimens; the smallest is 6 mm. long and 4 mm. broad. Scala fasciats, Sowb., most nearly resembles this species. The whorls are com- pletely separated, rendering the umbilicus visible through the sutural opening. The ribs are foliaceously dilated at the suture, touching the corresponding rib of the preceding whorl, but the last six ribs obliquely, giving the appearance of being alternate. SCALID OF THE WEST INDIA ISLANDS. 193 3. SCALA PRINCIPALIS, Pallas. T. obtecte perforata, ovato-turrita, tenuiuscula, candida, nitidula, sub lente obsoletissime irregu- lanter spiraliter striata; anfr. x disjuncta, costis xiv regularibus acutis in anfr. ult.; apertura oblique ovalis, labio rectiusculo. Long. 36 mm.; diam. 16 mm.; alt. aperture: 10 mm. Turbo principalis, Pallas, Spic. x. 1774, p. 32. ae “ Naturg. merckwiird. Thiere, x. 1778, p. 51, t. 3, f. 3, 6. Angarius scalaris seu var. rarissima, Meuschen Mus. Gevers. 1787, p. 260, n. 203. Die seltene enge geribbte Wendeltreppe, Martini, Berlin, Samml. Bd. Vili, .p...28; tab. tit. Turbo principalis, Chem. iv. p. 273, f. 1128, 29. Schréter Journal, i. p. 451. Hab. Tortola, spm. unicum (A. H. Riise). Scalaria principalis, Sowb., Thes. fig. 75, p. 88, n. 23, from Xipixapi, is different. Scala ducalis, Morch. Scala costulata, Kien. Spec. Gen. differs chiefly in having the ribs more numerous and lower. I am not aware that this species is found in any collection but that of Mr. Riise, now in Copenhagen. 4, ScaLta swirti, Mérch, n. sp., Pl. 29, fig. 3. T.. acuminato-ovata, vix perforata, alba, polita, lineis aciculatis, spiralibus, obsoletissimis; anfr disjuncti, convexi vii—viii, sutura rimata; costee foliacez in anfr. ult. xii, pagina antica obso- letissime rugoso-granulosa; apertura ovata, abbreviata, antice effusa, labio subtorto. Long. 14 mm.; diam. 9 mm.; alt. aperture 5 mm. Hab. St. Thomas (R. Swift), spm. unicum. “Scalaria bulbulus, Sowb.,” Coll. Swift. Scala obtusa, Sowb., is the species nearest allied. The aperture is effuse, like that of Melania; the ribs of the last whorl touch the front side of the correspond- ing ribs of the preceding whorl. 5. SCALA NovEMcosTATA, Mérch, n. sp. 1. abbreviato-turrita, imperforata, alba, nitida, tenuiuscula; anfr. disjuncti, convexi, rima angus- tissima ; costa compress, acute, altissimee, continue, in anfr. ult. ix. Apertura suborbicu- laris, obsolete coarctata. Long. 9 mm.; diam. 44 mm.; alt. aperture 2 mm. Hab. St. Thomas (Riise), spm. unicum. Scala hexagona, Sowb., and epecially Scala foliacea, Sowb., from the Crag formation, are nearly allied to this species. 49 194 A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE 6. ScaLa spuRIA, Mérch, n. sp. T. imperforata, alba, polita, turrita, gracilis; anfr. disjuncti, sutura aperta, hians; costs com- presse, continu viii-ix in anfr. ult. suturam versus angulati, pagina antica obsolete malle- ata; apertura adnata, ovata, labio recto, antice producto. Long. 14 mm.; lat. 53 mm; alt. apertura 3 mm. Pseudo-scalata, Scala spuria, Chem., Conch, Cab. iv, p. 275, f. 1438? Hab. St. Thomas (Riise, Swift); Anguilla (Hornb.). Is nearest allied to Scala muricata, Sowb., Thes. fig. 29. The shell is more elongated, the ribs only feebly angulated and not auriculated by the suture. Chemnitz indicates St. Croix as habitat, and states that the operculum is yellow; but it must be recollected that the figured specimen was from Martini’s Collection, and the described specimen from that of Chemnitz. 7. SCALA FOLIACEICOsTA, D’Orb., Pl. 29, fig. 6. T. imperforata, elongato-conica, solidula, albida, nitidula; anfr. disjuncti xi convexiusculi; coste vi-vii in anfr. ult., rectee, alte, ad suturam foliaceze, auricula inflexa uncinata. Apertura suborbicularis adnata. Long. 144 mm.; diam. 5} mm. Scalaria foliaceicosta, D’Orb., Cuba, p. 17, ix, f. 26-28. Scalaria aculeata, Sowb. Thes., p. p. fig. 35. Hab. St. Thomas (Riise, Candé, Verkingen), St. Croix (Swift), Anguilla (Krebs); Martinique, Guadaloupe (Candé). This species is analogous with Scala tenuicostata, Sowb., Thes. fig. 76, from the Philippine Islands. The ribs are auriculate at the sutures, produced and inflected. 8. SCALA SPIN&-ROSH, Morch, n. sp. T. turrita, alba, imperforata; anfr. vix disjuncti, ad suturam planati; costz crass, in anfr. ult. x continue, oblique, compressze, non reflexee, ad suturam spina brevi divergente; ambulacra torta sigmoidea; apertura subcircularis. Long. 7} mm.; lat. 3} mm. Hab, St. Thomas (H. Krebs), specimen unicum. Analogue of Scala aculeata, Sowb., Thes. fig. 37. 9. SCALA CENTIQUADRA, Morch, Pl. 29, fig. 4. T. imperforata, abbreviato-turrita, alba, tenuis, pulcherrime decussata; line spirales confertis- sime, alternatim majores et minores, line incrementi approximate, capillares, sat regulares ; anfr. convexi, sutura profundissima; cost foliaceze et preesertim postice subreflexe, ad suturam spina brevi inflexa munite, pagina antica lineis transversis rugulosa. Apertura subovalis, labro strictiusculo, antice incrassato. SCALIDH OF THE WEST INDIA ISLANDS. 195 Long. 15} mm.; lat. 7 mm.; alt. aperture 5 mm. Scalaria denticulata, Sowb., Thes. p. 87, t. 32, f. 25-26 (non Mg.) Hab. Anguilla (H. Krebs); St. Thomas, St. Croix (Hornb., Swift, Riise, Krebs), Bahama (Riise). Chiefly distinguished by its beautiful decussated sculpture between the ribs, arising from the filiform spiral lines of various thickness, generally alternating, every second, third, or fifth being thicker; and the lines of growth, which are very thin and capillaceous. Sect. **, Costis undulato-dentatis. 10, ScaLa soLuta, Dkr., n. sp., Pl. 29, fig. 5. T. umbilicata, candida, polita, abbreviato-turrita ; anfr. primi levigati, sutura profunda, ult. tres soluti; costs x in anfr. ult., lobis 4, parvis per paria digestis, posteriores 2 majores. Aper- tura circularis, labro lobato. Long. 5 mm.; diam. 25 mm. Scalaria soluta, Dkr., MSS. in Mus. Riise. Hab. St. Thomas (Krebs); Smith’s Bay (Riise). Scala hyalina, Sowb., Thes. fig. 21, from the Philippine Islands, is the nearest allied species. 11. ScaLa ECHINATICOSTA, D’Orb. T. abbreviato-turrita, lactea; anfr. tres primi levigati, adnati, czeteri soluti; costa quadrilobate, in anfr. ult. xii. Apertura soluta, circularis, labio 4- vel 5-lobato. Long. 34 mm.; lat. 2 mm. Scalaria echinaticosta, D’Orb., Cuba, 2, p. 18, t. 11, f. 4-6. Hab. St. Thomas (Swift, Riise). Var. a. Buanpn, Pl. 29, fig. 8 T. abbreviato-turrita, lactea, perforata; anfr. disjuncti; coste x in anfr. ult., hue illue continue, foliacese, vix reflexse, margine undulato-lobato. Apertura soluta, pisiformi-ovalis. Long. 5} mm.; diam. 2 min. Hab. St. Thomas (Krebs). The variety differs in having the suture less open, the lobes on the ribs smaller and more numerous; sometimes the ribs are continuous from one whorl to another. 12. ScALA VoLUBILIS, Morch. T. anfr. valde discreti, costis xiii in anfr. ult. brevissimis, undulatis, vix lobatis. Long. 4 mm.; diam. 2 mm.,; apertura diam. 1 mm. Hab. St. Thomas; specimen unicum spira fracta (H. Krebs). Scala hyalina, Sowb., Thes. fig. 22, is very like to this species. 196 A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE Sect, ***, 13. SCALA PERNOBILIS, Fischer and Bernardi. T. imperforata, tenuis, alba, abbreviato-conica; anfr. y—vi convexi, lamellis copiosis elevatis, recurvis, superne subangulatis, ad marginem tenuibus simplicibusque; anfr. ultimus dila- tatus, permagnus, non solutus. Apertura rotunda, columella incrassata, callosa, umbilicum tegens, peristomate crasso, lamella valida, superne producta et angulata. Long. 40 mm.; lat. 33 mm. Scalaria pernobilis, Fisch. and Bern., Journ. de Conch. 1854, p. 293, t. 8, f. 238. Hab. Guadaloupe (Com. Bean). The only known specimen was found on a fisherman’s bow-net, together with Pleurotomaria quoyana, Crosse, and like this inhabited by a hermit crab. It is now preserved in the ‘* Musée des Colonies” in Paris. A very similar species, but very thick in the shell and fossil, is in the Jardin des Plantes and was obtained as the type specimen. 14. ScALA OCCIDENTALIS, Nyst. T. imperforata, tenuis, alba, levis; anfr. subsoluti, ad suturam depressi; costz foliacez, oblique, continue, ad suturam angulatee, hue illuc subauriculate, postice excavate, xili-xiy in anfr. ult. Apertura reniformi-ovalis. Operculum flavum. Long. 13 mm.; diam. 6} mm. Scalaria tenuis, Sowb., Proc. Zool. Soc. 1844, p. 110 (non Gray). ce Sowb., Thes. p. 87, fig. 67. Neularia occidentalis, Nyst., Tableau 1873, p. 48. Hab. St. ‘Thomas (Hornb., Riise, Krebs, H. Kock.), Nassau (Krebs); Crabben Island (Unger). Var. AuRITA; in anfyr, ult. costis xi crassiusculis. Long. 11 mm.; diam. 5} mm. Hab. St. Thomas (Riise). This variety reminds me of Scala foliaceicosta, D’Orb. 15. ScaALA ERECTISPINA, Mirch, n. sp. T. minuta, imperforata, elongata-turrita, solidula, alba; anfr. contabulati, suturis excavatis profundis; costae xiii in anfr. ult. postice excavate ad suturam, auriculis acutis erectis subreflexis vel tortis, postice excavatis uti canaliculatis. Apertura circularis, labio antice inerassato, producto, torto. Long. 42 mm.; diam. 2} mm. Aperture alt. 1} mm. Hab. St. Thomas (Riise). SCALID& OF THE WEST INDIA ISLANDS. 197 This species is very like the preceding in the contabulate whorls, but is exceed- ingly small; from the following species it differs in being more elongate, not per- forated, and having the aperture less lobed anteriorly. 16. SCALA MICROMPHALA, Morch, n. sp. T. minuta, obtecte-perforata, abbreviato-turrita, alba, spira flavescente; anfr. contabulati sutura profunda; cost xviii in anfr. ultimo, valde reflexee, postice excavate, auriculis erectis postice canaliculatis paululum reflexis. Apertura circularis, columella producta lobata. Long. 5 mm.; diam. 3 mm.; aperture alt. 2 mm. Hab. Vieque (Riise); spm. unicum, Scalaria neglecta, Ad. and Reeve, is very like in shape. 17. ScALA QUINDECEMCosTATA, Mérch, n sp. T. turrita, angusta, lactea, nitida; anfr. convexi disjuncti sed rima suturali angustissima ; cost regulares, acute, compressz, validze, candid, xv in anfr. ult. Apertura subovalis, antice obsolete angulata, labio duplice. Long. 8? mm.; diam. 3 mm. Hab. St. Thomas (A. H. Riise); spm. unicum. Differt a Sc. clathratula, Mtg., testa majore, anfr. disjunctis, 18. ScALA VENOSA, Sowb., Pl. 29, fig. 9. T. elongato-turrita, imperforata, levis, lactea; anfr. 9 disjuncti, varicibus xi in anfr. ult., crassis, valde reflexis, approximatis, ad suturam subangulatis impressione torta. Apertura oblique ovalis. Long. 13 mm.; diam. 5 mm. Scalaria venosa, Sowb., Thes. I. p. 89, t. 33, f. 72-73. Var. a varicibus vix reflexis. Hab. St. Thomas (Swift, Krebs, Riise); Puerto Cabello, in the Lagoon (Dr. Prosch) ; Maracaibo (Riise); Vieque (Riise). Scal. modesta, C. B. Adams; Coll. Swift. 19. ScaLa OrpianyI, Nyst. T. elongato-turrita, solida, alba, imperforata, sutura profundissima; costz xiy in anfr. ult. bre- vissimee, ad suturam angulata; apertura ovalis. Long. 15 mm.; diam. 6} mm. Scalaria elegans, D’Orb., Am. mér. p. 889, t. 54, f. 1-3 (non Risso), Scalaria Orbignyti, Nyst. Tabl. 1873, p. 48. Hab. St. Thomas (Krebs). 50 198 A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE I refer to this species with some doubt, a worn specimen. Scalaria georgettina, Kiener, is nearly allied. 20. SCALA GRADATELLA, Morch, n. sp., Pl. 29, fig. 11. T. imperforata, gracillima, lactea, polita; costa candide, oblique, superne ad suturam angulifere vel obsolete aurite, in anfr. ult. xi; sutura canaliculata, constricta. Apertura ovalis. Long. 115 mm.; diam. 3 mm. Hab. St. Thomas; specimen unicum (H. Krebs). Scala gradata, Sowb., is very like in shape, but much larger. Sect. ****, Turbona, Browne. 21. SCALA UNIFASCIATA, Sowb., Pl. 29, fig. 13. T. turrita, imperforata, solida, nitida, alba, fascia ferruginea suturali, huc illuc striis spiralibus subtilissimis ; anfr. convexiusculi, sutura simplice; coste vii in anfr. ult., continue, ambu- lacra vix torta. Apertura circularis labio incrassato antice subcrenulato, angulaproducto. Long. 10 mm.; diam. 4 mm. Scalaria unifasciata, Sowb., Thes. p 98, t. 33, f. 68. Hab, Anguilla, St. Vincent (Riise, Krebs, Swift, Ravn.); St. Croix (Oersted) ; St. Martins (Krebs); St. Jan. (Riise); Guadaloupe (Swift). 22. ScaLA UNDEcIMCosTATA, Mirch, n. sp. T. imperforata, abbreviato-turrita, solidissima, lactea vel isabellina, subtilissime et confertissime spiraliter striata; anfr. convexi, sutura profunda; costs candids, crass, triquetrae, regu- lares, eequales circ. xi in anfr. ult., ad suturam expanse, antrorsum adnate; ambulacra obliqua vix torta. Apertura oyalis pariete aperturali obtecto, labro crasso antice angulato. Long. 10} mm.; diam. 44 mm. Hab. St. Thomas (Krebs, Riise); Jamaica (Verkr.). Allied to Scala monocycla, Lam. 23, ScALA octocostaTa, Mérch, n. sp. T. gracilis, alba, polita, striis spiralibus subtilis simis sub lente vix detegendis; anfr. convexi- usculi, sutura impressa; costee viii in anfr. ult. simplices, continua, humiles, ambulacra torta sigmoidea. Apertura obovata, pariete vix tecto, labio antice incrassato subeffuso. Long. 8 mm.; diam. 3 mm. Hab. St. Thomas; spm. unicum (H. Krebs). Scala Elenensis, Sowb., is the nearest allied. SCALIDA OF THE WEST INDIA ISLANDS. 199 24. SCALA EBURNEA, Pot. and Mich., Pl. 29, fig. 10. T. turrita, tenuiuscula, imperforata, albida, nitida, striis spiralibus obsoletissimis parcis; anfr. convexi, sutura impressa; cost xii-xiii in anfr. ult. argute, margine reflexo presertim ad suturam; ambulacra angusta torta. Apertura subovalis, pariete obtecto; labio antice incrassato. Long. 20 mm.; diam. 7} mm. (spm. permagnum). Scalaria eburnea, Pot. and Mich. 1838, Cat. Douai, p. 344, t. 31, f. 1-2. Scalaria fragilis, Gray, Hanley, Textbook, 1842, pp. 68, 158; Sowb., Thes. 1, p. 88, t. 33, f. 164, 65, 66. Scalaria albida, D’Orb., Cuba, p. 17, t. 20, f. 24, 25 (1853). Scalaria ligata, C. B. Adams, Contr. No. 4, p. 672 Var. a. Angusta. Hab. Cuba (Aubér); St. Thomas (Dr. Ravn, Bardenfl., Riise, Krebs); St. Mar- tin (Krebs); Trinidad, Barbadoes (Krebs); Anguilla (Hornb.); St. Vincent (Sowb.). Var. 3.% Costis membranaceis valde reflexis. Long. 14 mm.; diam. 64 mm. Hab. Nassau (Krebs). Var. y.t Pumilio. Long. 7? mm.; diam. 4 mm. Hab, Porto Plata, St. Barth. (Krebs). 25. SCALA LAMELLOSA, Lam. T. imperforata, clavata; anfr. convexi sutura impressa; costa compressx acute, Xii—xiii in anfr. -ult.; ambulacra fere recta. Apertura subovalis, labio antice angulato. Color albus, fascia suturali, periomphali et maculis intermediis fuscis. Operculum flavum, ovale, nucleo excen- trico, striae incrementi capillares. Long. 40 mm.; diam. 16 mm. (spm. giganteum). Long. 31 mm.; diam. 144 mm. (spm. typ.). Var. a, unicolor, castanea; Kien, spec. gen. t. 3, f. 7%. Var. 3, alba, fascia suturali fusca. Var. y, alba, fascia suturali et basali (supra lineam) fuscis. Tar. 6, alba, fascia suturalis et basali (infra lineam) fuscis. Var. e, coste reflexa, crassitil varia et alternatim non contigue. Var. ¢, coste ultime tres latissime confluentes; lat. 8 mm.; long. teste 30 mm. Turbo clathrus, L. 8. N. xii, p. 1237, n. 631, non S. N. x. Scalaria pseudoscalaris, Brocchs, D’Orb., Cuba, p. 15, n. 191, Scalaria clathrus, L., Sowb., Thes. p. 101, f. 134, 131, 132. Hab, Very common throughout the West Indies—St. Thomas, St. Jean, Pas- 200 A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE sage Island; young specimens on dead Madrepores from three feet depth (Krebs); St. Jean, Vieque (Riise) ; Guadeloupe (Bean). This species, which is the most common in the West Indies, is generally con- sidered identical with allied species in the Mediterranean and Pacific. 1. Scala pseudoscalaris, Brocchi, Desh., from the Mediterranean, differs by the shell being much narrower, the ribs equal, and the ambulacra nearly straight. 2. Scala perplewa, Pease, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1860; Am. Journ. of Conch. iii, p. 228; Desh. Moll. Reunion, p. 60, t. viii, f. 1, v. Martens Donum Bismarckianum, teaya- 19: Differs in having single high ribs alternating with pairs of lower ribs. 26. SCALA CORONATA, Lam. T. tenuis, lineis spiralibus sub lente distinctissimis; anfr. perconvexi sutura constricta, costae xv —xvi in anfr. ult., lineares sed 1 vel 2 crassiores. Color albus, fasciis angustissimis 3 e mac- ulis obliquis compositis; faseia suturali angusta plerumque obsoleta. Long. 33 mm.; diam. 14 mm. Scalaria coronata, Lam., Enc. Méth. 1816, Pl. 451, f. 5; Lam. Hist. vi, p. 227, n. 3; Lam. Hist. ed. Desh. ix, p. 74, n. 3; Desh. Enc, Méth. iii, p. 930 (1832); Kiener, Spec. Gen. tab. 3, f. 8°; Sowb. Thes. p. 101, f. 133"; Bean, Cat. Moll. Guadel. p. 12. Hab. Antilles (Dr. Ravn. Com. Falsen, Nissen, Mrs. Eckardt); Guadeloupe (Bean). In the collection of Christian, VIII, are found five specimens from the above collectors about from the years 1833-39, but I am not aware that this shell has since been collected at the Danish Antilles. Kiener indicates Cape of Good Hope as the locality for this species, but no author has since confirmed this assertion. ‘The figure in the Encyclop. Méth. is the best, showing the whorls very convex and the sutures deep. ‘The figures of Kiener and Sowerby show flat whorls like the preceding species. Mr. Deshayes indicates the number of ribs on the last whorl as 19-20. Sect, ***** Amoa, H. and A. Adams. 27. SCALA (AM@A) TURRICULA, Sowb., Pl. 29, fig. 7. 'T. obtecte perforata, turrita, gracilis, alba, fasciis 2 interruptis ferrugineis, spiraliter lirata; lire confertissime, ad regionem suturalem regulares, interstitia majora funiculis confertis munita; cost xii—xiii in anfr. ult., plerumque lineares simplices, ultima et penultima et hue illuc in anfr. spire crass, ad suturam spinula adunca munite. Apertura ovalis, peristomate con- tinuo ad umbilicum angulatum. Long. 15 mm.; diam. 6 mm. (Fragm. spm. maj.), diam. 7 mm, SCALIDA OF THE WEST INDIA ISLANDS. 201 Scalaria turricula, Sowb., Thes. p. 92, f. 61, 88 (non Cantr.). Scalaria turrita, Nyst., Tabl. 1873, p. 66 (non Blv.). Var. a. T. in anfr, ult. costis crassis 5, quarum 2 ad aperturam et 3 ad finem anfr. penult. Long. 11 mm.; diam. 5 mm. Var. 3. T. unicolor, ferruginea, costis albis, Sowb., Thes. f. 61. Hab. St. Thomas, Anguilla, Water Island, St. Martin (Riise, Krebs). 98. SCALA UNCINATI-costa, D’Orb. T. minuta, imperforata, turrita, unicolor, alba vel flavescens ; lirse spirales distincte, express, regulares, interstitiis levibus ; cost xii in anfr. ult. regulares, equales, crass, ad suturara spina adunca obliqua. Apertura ovalis, peristomate continuo antice incrassato. Long. 7 mm.;' diam. 2} mm. > ’ 2 Long. 7} mm.; diam. 4mm. Spm. magnum unicum. Scalaria uncinati-costa, D’Orb., Moll. de Cuba, 1852, p. 25, t. xi, f. 25-27. Hab. St. Thomas 60’ bl. S. M. (H. Krebs); Guadeloupe (Candé). Differs from the preceding in being much smaller, having regular and thick ribs provided with a minute sutural spine. D’Orbigny indicates the color as “rosea.” It looks like a diminutive Scala Loveni, Me. Andrew. 29. ScaLA CANDEANA, D’Orb. T. imperforata, turrita, lactescens, nitens, sutura impressa; lire spirales distincte, regulares, approximate, interstitiis levissimis, interdum lirula intercalante; costa xii interdum xvi in anfr. ult., crassiuscule, seepe duplicate, continue, simplices. Apertura ovalis, labio incras- sata duplice, peristomate continuo. Long. 9 mm.; diam. 3 mm. (spm. max.) Long. 6 mm.; diam. 2 mm. (spm. vulg.) Scalaria Candeana, D’Orb., Moll. Cuba 2, 1852, p. 20, t. vi, f. 28-30. Scalaria acuta, Pfr. Archiv f. Naturg. 1840, p. 256 (teste Troschel, Jahresbe- richt, ibid. 1842). Hab. Jamaica, St. Thomas (Candé); Smith’s Bay (Riise). I refer my specimens to the species of D’Orbigny, although the author indicates the number of ribs in the last whorl as 20-25, which does not agree with the figure. Of six specimens, only one has sixteen ribs. The measure of D’Orbigny indicates too a very small individual. ‘Scala gréulandica, Perry, gives a good idea of this little shell. 51 202 A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE 30. SCALA TURRITELLULA, Mirch, n. sp. T. minuta, imperforata, turrita, gracilis, spiraliter expresse lirata; anfr. convexi, sutura con- strica; anfr. primi levigati; cost lineares circ. xxv in anfr. ult., ad suturam expanse. Apertura ovalis pariete crasso, antice producta. Long. 6 mm.; diam. 2 mm. Hab. St. Martin (Lilienskiold, Krebs). Var. a. Risei. 'T. turrita, gracilis, spiraliter dense lirata; anfr. rotundati, contabulati, sutura constricta profundissima$; nucleus (anfr. primi 4) leevigatus fuscus, nutans (casu?2); coste expresse, anguste, ad suturam angulate 25 in anfr. ult, huc illuc anguliferee. Apertura ovalis, peri- tremate ad suturam et basin angulato. Long. 64 mm.; diam. 2 mm.; spm. minus long. 4 mm.; diam. 14 mm, Hab. St. Thomas (Riise); Porto Plata (Krebs). 31. Scata ospita, Morch, n. sp. T. obtecte perforata, turrita, albida, politissima, maculis ferrugineis, striis spiralibus distantissi- mis obsoletissimis ; striz incrementi distinct; anfr. conyexi sutura impressa; costs x in anfr. ult., lineares, ult. 2 crassiores. Apertura ovata obliqua. Color cinereo-albus, maculis ferrugineis rotundis vel obliquis in duplice serie digestis in anfr. spire: et in triplice serie in anfr. ult. Long. 144 mm.; diam. 6 mm. Hab. St. Croix (Ovesen); St. Thomas, spm. maculis obliquis Hornbeck (coll. C. M. Poulsen). The reddish spots are arranged so that one pair belongs to each rib. The polished surface is very notable. Scala nova-anglie, Couth, seems, according to the figure, to be most allied to it. 32. ScaALA NautL#, Mirch, n. sp., Pl. 29, fig. 12. T. subulata, imperforata; anfr. convexi circiter 8, sutura subimpressa; cost xii in anfr. ult., ad suturam angulatim reflexee, lineares; ult. 2 crassiores. Apertura ovalis. Color lilacinus anfr. ult. et penult. medio ferruginei, costz et sutura albe. Long. 12} mm.; diam. 3? mm. Hab. ad litus mexicanum inter Vera Crux et Nautla (Rathsack, 1842). SCALIDH OF THE WEST INDIA ISLANDS. 203 33. SCALA FILARIS, Mérch, n. sp. T. imperforata, subulata, tenuis, nitida, striis spiralibus parcis obsoletissimis, albescens, sutura utrinque fascia flava lata; anfr. ult. costis xiv antice obsoletis, ad basin linea elevata cireum- scriptus. Apertura subovalis. Long. 104 mm.; diam. 34 mm.; apertura alt. 3 mm. Hab. St. Martin (Krebs, Swift), spm. trita. Differt a precedente anfr. convexioribus et costis tenuioribus. Scala fusca, Sowb., from Sierra Leone, is not very unlike. Sect. ******_ Janthoscala. 34. SCALA MopEsTa, C. B. Adams. T. imperforata, abbreviato-turrita, flavescente alba, solida; anfr. convexi, sutura simplex ; costz regulares crassiusculz xxi in anfr. ult., interstitiis levigatis. Apertura ovalis, pariete aper- turali tenuissima; peristomate postice angulato. 1 . ] 1 Long. 24 mm.; diam. 1} mm. Scalaria modesta, C. B. Adams, Proc. Bost. Soc. Jan. 1849, Po: Scalaria modesta, Sowb., Reeve, Iconica, 1873, t. xi, f. 78. Hab. Porto Plata (Krebs), spm. unicum; Jamaica (C. B. Adams), without umbilicus much thicker, more elongate than the following species. Scala concinna, Sowb. Thes. No. 55, f. 66, is much more nearly allied. 30. SCALA INCONSPICUA, Sowb. T. obtecte perforata, ovata, solidula, lactea, anfr. convexi, ad suturam impressam depressi, striis spiralibus remotis ; costs regulares lineares xxxi in anfr. ult. Apertura ovalis, columella recta antice subeffusa, peristomate subcontinuo. Long. 6} mm.; diam. 4 mm. Scalaria inconspicua, Sowb. Thes. p. 90, No. 30, t. 33, f. 53. Var. a, inflata. Long. 9 mm.; diam. 5} mm. Hab. St. Croix, St. Thomas (Swift, Riise) ; Vieque (Riise). The var. from St. Thomas (considered a distinct species by Professor Dunker) is in the collection of Mr. Riise. Sect, *****%*, Qnalia, H. & A. Adams. 36. ScALA (OPALIA) CRENULATA, Kiener. T. abbreviato-turrita, imperforata, crassa, lactea, spiraliter subtiliter et confertissime, teeniatim fortiter striata; periomphalo costa crassa obsoleta; lira crassa spirali in anfr. ult. sub sutu- ram evanescens; sutura canaliculata foveolato-dentata; coste continu, in anfr. ult. evan- escentes, dentes suturales 13 solum substant. Apertura oblongo-ovalis obliqua. 204 A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE Long. 17 mm.; diam. 7 mm. Scalaria crenulata, Kien. Ieon. p. 17, t. 6, f. 18. Scalaria crenata, L., Sowb. Thes., p. 505, No. 88, fig. 123. Scalaria sp., Weinkauf, Mittelm., p. 241. Hab. St. Thomas (Riise); Porto Plata, St. Martin, Anguilla (Krebs); Jamaica (C. B. Adams); Arecibo (J. W. Newton). The described specimen is from Mr. Riise’s collection, the other being imperfect. This species is also much broader than the Mediterranean species S. crenata. 37. ScaALA (OPALIA) HorTEsseRIANA, D’Orb. T. imperforata, turrita, subcylindrica, crassa, leviter flexa, alba vel interdum lilacina, subtilissime spiraliter striata; sutura foveolata sed non canaliculata; coste crass, convex, oblique xi-xii in anfr. ult.; costa basali crassa utrinque foveolata. Apertura orbicularis, peritremate crasso, antice producta. Long. 114 mm.; diam. 4 mm.; sed plerumque minor. Scalaria Hotesseriana, D’Orb., Cuba, p. 16, t. xi, f. 22-23. Scalaria crassicosta, Mus. Brit., Sowb. Thes. p. 104, No. 83, f. 119 (non Desh.) Rissoa crassicosta, C. B. Adams, Proc. Bost. Soc., Jan. 1845, p. 6. Scalaria grossicostata, Nyst., Tabl. 1873, p. 86, No. 136. Turbo coniferus, Mtg. Brit. Shells, p. 314? Hab. Guadeloupe (Hotessier); St. Martins (Swift); St. Thomas (Krebs, Riise). 38. ScaLta (OpaALta) scHva, March, n. sp. T. imperforata, turrita, albescens, spiraliter et subtilissime confertissime, striata; anfr. convexi, obsoletissime confertissime striata; anfr. convexi, medio obsoletissime angulati, costs crasse conferte, versus suturam attenuate, in anfr. ult. cire. xv oblique plicze formes, umbilicum versus seepe evanescentes; spira varioribus 2; sutura crenulata. Apertura ovalis, peritremate crasso. Long. 13 mm.; diam. 44 mm. Var. a, costis obsoletis. Long. 12 mm.; diam. 4 mm. Hab, St. Thomas (Krebs, Riise). 39. ScaLa (OpaALiaA) suBvaricosaA, Dkr. (MSS.), n. sp. T. turrita, subeylindrica, imperforata, lactea, subtilissime et confertissime spiraliter striata; anfr. medio angulati; costee obsolete, pone angulum furcate; anfr. ult. carinis 2, carina anteriore minore nodosa; sutura foveolata; fovee cire. 16 in anfr. ult. Apertura oyalis, peritrema marginatum. Long. 14 mm.; diam. 4 mm. Hab. St. Thomas, Anguilla (Krebs, Riise); Bahama (Riise). SCALIDA OF THE WEST INDIA ISLANDS. 205 Scalaria crassilabris, Sowb. Thes. p. 87, f. 115, is very like the species. Var, pumilio, spira varicibus crassioribus sparsis. Long. 5 mm; diam. 2 mm. Hab. St. Thomas (Krebs, Riise); Bahama (Riise). A very large specimen. Sect, *®**%%*%, Cirsotrema, Mirch. 40. ScALA (CIRSOTREMA) COCHLEA, Sowb. T. turrita, imperforata, alba vel pallide ferruginea; anfr. contabulati, sutura canaliculata, liris cire. 5 squamosis, varicibus 3 ad suturam angulatis, dorsalibus, continuis; lamin incrementi conferte, undulate, reflexee, margine utrinque expanse, depressee, lineis divaricatis, saepe approximate vel fere confluentes vel huc illue foramina orbicularia formantes. Sutura et costa spirali basali laminis incrementi utrinque septa. Apertura subcircularis. Operculum nigrum. Long. 40 mm.; diam. 13 mm.; alt. aperture 7 mm. Scalaria varicosa, Gray, Wood Supp. 1828, t. 6, f. 192 Scalaria cochlea, Sowb., Thes. p. 103, fig. 142. Scalaria varicosa, Lam., Skand. Naturforsker Mide, 1846, p. 938. Scalaria attenuata, “ Helbl.”* Beck, ibid. Hab. St. Thomas (Hornbeck); St. Croix (Riise, Krebs); St. Domingo (Shom- burgk, B. Mus.) Tortola in mud, 1-2 feet water (Swift). In good specimens the edges of the ribs are dilated, touching each other, only leaving some small interstices formed by the undulations of the lines of growth ; the surface between the ribs is thus quite concealed. I feel convinced that the specimen figured in Thesaurus, fig. 142, in reality is from the West Indies, and not as indicated collected by Dr. Thams at Loanda. The figure 143 is without doubt from the latter locality, a specimen from Fayal, in Rob. Swift’s collection, agreeing exactly as well with Sowerby’s as Dunkev’s figure in Mollusca Guineensia. Scalaria fimbriata, Lam., Enc. Meth. 1816, t. 451, f. 4. Scalaria varicosa, Lam., hist. p. p. Scala crispa, “Lam.,” Kien. Spec. gen. t. iv, f, 12; not Lam.t Scalaria varicosa, p. p. Sowb., Thes., fig. 143. Scalaria cochlea, Dkr. Moll. Guineens., t. 2, f, 47-48. * Bohmische Privetgesellschaft ivy, 1799, p. 114, tab. 1, f. 20. Which is a fossil species. ALPHABETICAL LIST OF THE SPECIES OF SCALIDE MENTIONED IN THIS PAPER. Acuta, Pfr., No. 29. Aculeata, Sowb., No. 7. Albida, D’Orb, No. 24. Attenuata, Helbl., No. 40. Mospila, Morch, No. 31. Candeana, D’Orb., No. 29. Centiquadra, Morch, No. 9. Clathrus, L., No. 25. Concinna, Sowb., No. 34. Cochlea, Sowb., No. 40. Coniferus (Turbo), No. 37. Coronata, Lam., 26. Crassicosta, Br. Mus., 37. Crassicostata, Nyst., No. 37. Crassilabris, Sowb., No. 39. Crenata, L., No. 31. Crenulata, Kien., No. 31. Denticulata, Sowb., No. 9. Ducalis, Morch, No. 3. Eburnea, Pot. and Mich., No. 24. Echinaticosta, D’Orb., No. 11. Elegans, D’Orb., No. 19. Elenensis, Sowb., No. 23. Erectispina, Morch, No. 15. Fasciata, Sowb., No. 2. Filaris, Morch, No. 33. Foliacea, Sowb., No. 5. Foliaceicosta, D’Orb., No. 7. Fragilis, Gray, Hanl., No. 24. Fusca, Sowb., No. 33. (206 ) Gradata, Sowb., No. 20. Gradatella, Morch, No. 20. Hexagona, Sowb., No. 5. Hotesseriana, D’Orb., No. 37. Hyalina, Sowb., Nos. 16 and 12. Inconspicua, Sowb., No. 34. Krebsii, Morch, No. 1. Lamellosa, Lam., No. 25. Ligata, C. B. Adams, No. 24. Micromphala, Morch, No. 16. Muricata, Sowb., No. 29. Modesta, C. B. Ad., No. 34. Nautle, Morch, No. 32. Novangliz, Couth., No. 31. Novemcostata, Morch, No. 5. Obtusa, Sowb, No. 4. Occidentalis, Nyst., No. 14. Octocostata, Mérch, No. 23. Orbignyii, Nyst., No. 19. Pallasii, Kien, No. 1. Perplexa, Pease, No. 25. Pernobilis, Fisch. and Bern., No. 13. Pretrosula, Morch, No. 2. Principalis, Pallas, Sowb., No. 3. Pseudoscalaris, Brocchi, No. 25. Quindecimcostata, Morch, No. 17. Sezeva, Morch, No. 38. EXPLICATIO TABUL&. Soluta, Dkr., No. 10. Spina-rosz, Morch, No. 8. Spuria, Mérch, No. 6. Subpretiosa, Blyv., No. 1. Subvaricosa, Dkr., No. 39. Swiftii, Mérch, No. 4. Tenuicostata, Sowb., No. 7. Tenuis, Sowb., No. 14. Turricula, Sowb., No. 27. Turrita, Nyst., No. 27. Turritellula, Moreh, No. 30, 21. Undecimcostata, Mérch, No. 22. Unifasciata, Sowb., No. 21. Uncinaticosta, D’Orb., No. 28. Varicosa, Gray, No. 28. Venosa, Sowb., No. 18. Volubilis, Mérch, No. 12. Wroblewskyi, Mérch, No. 1. EXPLICATIO TABULA 29. 1. Scala Krebsii, Mirch, No. 1. 2 oe vc a 6 3. ‘ Swiftii, Morch, No. 4. 4. *“ centiquadra, Mérch, No. 9. 5b,“ soluta, Dir No2 10: 6. ‘ foliaceicosta, D’Orb., No. 7. te “ turricula, Sowb., No. 27. Fig. 8. Scala echinaticosta, D’Orb., var. Blandii, No. 11. venosa, Sowb., No. 18. i 10. ‘ eburnea, Pot. & Mich., No. 24. ll. “ gradatella, Mérch, No. 20. 12. “ Nautle, Mérch, No. 32. unifasciata, Sowb., No. 21. Jour.-Acad. Nat .Sc1. 2nd.S er. Vol VIL. Pl. 29 MORCH, ON WEST INDIAN SCALIDAE. ah ee a Poy! a fant i Pee i rn rE ay 4." 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