Historic, archived document

Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices.

a

DEVELOPING AN AMERICAN | UTILITY HORSE

Some of the horses used in the breeding experiments

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT CIRCULAR 153

Contribution from the Bureau of Animal Industry

JOHN R. MOHLER, Chief

Washington, D. C. March, 1921

Show this bulletin to a neighbor. Additional copies may be obtained free from the Division of Publications, United States Department of Agriculture

VZASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE ;

192)

MERICAN LIGHT HORSES have long been world- famous in several highly specialized lines—for example, the trotting and saddle breeds. -

The United States Department of Agriculture has recognized the need of developing a type of the native light horse suitable for general utility work on farm. or ranch. Such a type would also supply desirable horses

. for the Army.

-With this end in view, cooperative experimental breed- ing work has been carried on for many years.

The ideals sought in this new type are a uniform combination of size, substance, soundness, endurance, and a sufficiency of speed.

Although the automobile, motor truck, and tractor undoubtedly will displace some horses, nevertheless the active, sizable, utility horse will be an increasingly im- portant factor in American husbandry, especially in those sections where the heavy-draft breeds are not the most economical type to use.

The cooperative breeding work was begun in 1904 with several selected mares and the Standardbred stallion Carmon. This remarkable sire is stiil used in the development of the work.

The progress made in the experimental work is described in the following pages.

DEVELOPING AN AMERICAN UTILITY HORSE.

J. O. WILLIAMS, _ Animal Husbandry Division.

CONTENTS. Page. | Page. Development of American light horses.....-- 3 | Stallions available for public service.......--. 7 History and object of the horse-breeding ex- Breeding records of foundation mares.....-..- 14 TERE Se a an le a ee ee 4 | Breeding records of mares bred in the experi- Type of horse sought to be fixed......... 5 TIGHT WOLKS 52248: fe Je eR os oe ete Se 20 Establishment of the United States-Wyo-

ming horse-breeding station ..........---.. 6

DEVELOPMENT OF AMERICAN LIGHT HORSES.

HE development of a breed of horses for utility purposes from native bloodlines is a problem which has engaged the attention of the United States Department of Agriculture since 1904, when the cooperative horse-breeding experiment was inaugurated with the Colorado Experiment Station at Fort Collins, Colo. Until this work was begun no definite effort had been made by the Government, State experiment stations, or individual breeders to incorporate in a specific breed the splendid qualities of the native light horse, which included uniformity of type, size, and action, that was so frequently found in indiwidual specimens. Many such horses were produced, it is-true, but the production of such truly great animals as Nala, Lord Bril- liant, Carmon, Glorious Red Cloud, Eckersall, Glorious Bonnie, Lady de Jarnette, Tattersall, and numerous other outstanding specimens, was really by chance.

America has been notable for the production of light horses of’ exceptional merit, and the history of the American turf and show ring glistens with the dazzling performances of the product of the American breeder. Three distinct breeds have been evolved through selection and adaptation to American ideals, namely, the Morgan, the Standardbred, and the American Saddle Horse. In the develop- ment of these breeds, however, the work of the breeder has become more and more highly specialized, and the splendid type found in

9 0

-

4 Department Circular 153, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture.

some individual specimens was in danger of being sacrificed for the specialty striven for by the breeder. For example, the breeder of trotting horses depended on the production of speed in his progeny in order to meet the market demands and to compete favorably with other breeders. Consequently, speed in driving horses became the predominant consideration, and this situation is probably more notable to-day than it was 15 years ago, as the use of the automobile has practically nullified the demand for driving horses for pleasure.

The light, efficient horse is undoubtedly destined to be discarded as a factor in American husbandry, and the indiscriminate breeding of small, unsound, scrubby animals will continue to be highly unprof- itable if persisted in. It is this class of horses that constitutes the drug on the horse market to-day, and the production of such horses sheuld be discouraged.

The automobile has practically displaced the hght driving horse for pleasure purposes and in a large measure for business purposes. The type of horse which will be most seriously affected by tractor power on the farm remains to be fully determined, but it seems rea- sonable to believe that the greatest use of the tractor will be on large; level farms for heavy work, especially at peak periods. The function of the tractor will be to supplement and not displace the horse power on the average farm. For the average farm or ranch, especially in rolling and hilly sections, the active utility horse should become a more and more important factor-as an economical power unit, and the advantages of this type are no doubt apparent to the average horseman and farmer. |

The profitable ight horse of the future, aside from those bred for special purposes, such as for speed and the saddle, will be the efficient horse that will successfully meet the demands of utility on the average farm or ranch, especially in those sections where the draft horse is not the most economical type to use. It is with a view of maintain- ing a foundation herd of well-bred light horses that will fill these requirements and to carry out breeding experiments for the develop- ment of a breed of this type that the United States-Wyoming horse- breeding station, at Buffalo, Wyo., was established.

HISTORY AND OBJECT OF THE HORSE-BREEDING EXPERIMENTS.

The horses at the United States-Wyoming horse-breeding station were produced in connection with a project previously conducted by the United States Department of Agriculture and the Colorado Kxperiment Station, at Fort Collins, Colo., until transferred to the present location, in July,1919. This project was established originally under an appropriation made by Congress providing for cooperative experiments in animal breeding and feeding. The work was begun at the Coloradc Experiment Station in 1904 with a band of selected

Developing an American Utility Horse. 5

fa)

mares and the Standardbred stallion Carmon 52917, a famous horse formerly owned by Thomas W. Lawson, of Boston, Mass. The mares selected for foundation stock were bred along lines known to be excel- lent for the production of horses of the utility type. The selections, however, were made on type rather than on breeding, although some of the mares were registered in the Standardbred and Saddle registers. An effort was made to obtain only those animals whose breeding was in lines that produced the utility type and which were of the desired type themselves. Since the beginning of the experiment in 1904 careful selection has been made of the progeny produced and only those adhering closely to the type desired were retained for breeding purposes.

ee = Ee % i,

Fic. 1.—View of the United States-Wyoming horse-breeding station, Buffalo, Wyo.

The stallions used in this work have been Standardbred only, the stallions Carmon 32917, Cedar Red 01486, Loyal D. 50088, Wilmering 48569, and Harvest Aid 63908 having been used up to the present time. The latter stallion has just recently been added to the stud and a number of station mares were bred to him in 1919. The results of these matings will be observed with a great deal of interest, as it is hoped that this well-bred stallion will ‘‘nick”’ well with the mares at the station and prove to be a fitting successor to his illustrious predecessor, Carmon. The breeding of Harvest Aid 63908 will please the most fastidious, and as an individual this stallion combines size with speed and a marked degree of quality. This stallion should be prepotent, as he is richly bred in bloodlines of great: producers. His sire is the famous champion trotting stallion The Harvester 43637 (2.01), and his dam Santos Maid (2.08?) is one of the best-producing matrons by the most famous of living American trotting sires, Peter the Great 28944 (2.07%).

TYPE OF HORSE SOUGHT TO BE FIXED.

The object of this horse-breeding experiment is to continue the study of the possibility of evolving a distinct breed of horses from foundation stock selected from our native breeds—the Standard-

6 Department Circular 153, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture.

bred, the Morgan, and the American Saddle Horse—that will be suitable for utility purposes. The Standardbred has been used as the basis and the two other native breeds have been used moderately to supply the desirable qualities they are known to possess. By judicious blending of these bloodlines and strict selection consider- able progress has been made in the establishment of a type of large, useful light horses. The animals which are in the stud at present are uniform in type and a number of them which approximate the tvpe desired have been matured. It is hoped ultimately to fix this type and thereby establish a breed that will breed true.

The qualities sought in the type of horse which is beiny developed in this work are a combination of size, substance, soundness, endur- | ance, good temperament, well-balanced action, and a fair amount

. of speed at the walk and trot. If these qualities can be incorporated

in a breed of horses without the infusion of draft blood the result will be a utility horse which can perform the many jobs on the farm, on the road, under the saddle, and, in case of national emergency, on the battiefield.

ESTABLISHMENT OF THE UNITED STATES-WYOMING HORSE-BREEDING STATION.

The United States-Wyoming horse-breeding station was estab-

lished at Buffalo, Wyo., in July, 1919, in cooperation with the State

of Wyoming. The station is situated near the city of Buffalo, on the Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Farm, formerly the site of Fort McKinney. This farm is in the heart of the horse-producing section ofthe State and is an ideal location for the production of horses.

The stud of breeding animals established at the station consisted of 13 stallions and 25 mares. Of these, 10 stallions and 19 mares were bred and developed by the Department of Agriculture in the work previously conducted in cooperation with the Colorado Experi- ment Station. Six of the mares are aged animals retained from the original stud because of their record in producing uniform offspring of the desired type. The three other animals are the Standardbred

~ stallions Carmon 32917, Wilmering 48569, and Harvest Aid 63908.

The stallion Carmon has headed the stud since the beginning of this breeding work, in 1904, and 1s still used in the stud in a limited way. The prepotency of this stallion has been the outstanding feature of the experiment, his progeny bemg remarkably uniform in type. Although Carmon is now over 25 years old, he still shows the wonder- ful vitality, vim, activity, and style which were so characteristic of him when he was in his prime.

The stallion Harvest Aid 63908 was purchased in 1919 for the purpose of following Carmon in the stud, and will be kept at the station for the purpose of having the mares in this experiment bred to

Developing an American Utility Horse. an

him. This stallion, along with those retained at the station, will be available for public service to breeders who desire to bring mares to the station, for which service a moderate fee will be charged.

The two stallions mentioned are retained as the premier stallions at this station, although some of the stallions matured in the experi- ment will be used in a limited way as occasion demands.

STALLIONS AVAILABLE FOR PUBLIC SERVICE.

As stated, thestallions at the United States- Wyoming horse-breeding station are available for public service. The stallions Carmon 32917 and Harvest Aid 63908 will be kept at the station and will be allowed to serve a limited number of mares brought to the station.

Fic. 2.—Carmon 32917, in his prime, at 12 years of age.

The remaining stallions, 11 in number, will be leased to responsible private citizens for use on private herds, or to a group of citizens who desire the services of astallionfor community breeding. The number available for the purpose of leasing will be increased as the work develops and stallions of the desired type are bred and matured in the experiment. In this way the station will be of direct practical benefit to the horse breeders of the range States in supplying them with high-class stallions for the purpose of improving the light-horse

8 Department Circular 153, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture.

stock of this section. Since the number of stallions available for distribution is limited, applications for them will be considered in the order in which they are received. ‘The small income received by the station for service and lease fees will be used in developing this proj-: ect, so that the benefits may accrue to those interested in the im- provement of the light horse.

See RP GEE

Fic. 3.—Carmon 32917 at 25 years of age. Carmon still shows the wonderful vitality, vim, activity, and style which were so characteristic of him when he was in his prime.

Persons interested in obtaining one of the stallions from the station are urged to visit the farm at Buffalo and inspect the stallions and breeding herd themselves in order to observe the methods which are followed in developing this work. To those unable to visit the station, information will be given in regard to the experiment’and the stallions available by the officer in charge. Inquiries should be addressed to the United States-Wyoming Horse-Breeding Station, Buffalo, Wyo.

Developing an American Utility Horse. 9 The following is the breeding’ and description of the stallions in the stud at present which are available for public service.

PEDIGREE OF CARMON.

Major Edsall ae fe

ee a Pe ~ By Harris’s Hambletonian 2. Sey Nanay: AE. ai Star 14. ae Nance, by Young Messenger Duroc. ‘Carnagie 8405. eee 64. ee Nutwood 600. seen seer Miss Russell, by Pilot, Jr., No. 12. CARMON 32017. See [Breed, Standard- 7 ~- ~~~ Annie Watson. Vermont: Boy. bred; sex, stal- lion; color bay: height, 16 — Belmont 64. weig ht Merchant 599. pounds: ee : 9. Lady Mambrino, by Mambrino 8 Chief No. 11. ee es Monitor 1327. F: Colman, St. Trojan 312. Louis, Mo. Trojana. oo ma Monitor _ Maid a eee CVels Xi, op. Ethan Allen 43. 646, A. T. R.), Seth eth Warner. ie a) by Harris’s Hambletonian Clara C (Vol t No. XI, p. 389, ssa tg £5 PAR JE (020s Grace. Glencoe Belle, by Old Bull. PEDIGREE OF HARVEST AID. Electioneer 125. Conductor 1225 Walnut Hall Sontag Mohawk (vol. 6.). Maggie Yeager pe Wilkes 1749. 2 iS bs (vol. 10). |Decie Payne (vol. 10, p. 315). ~ ieee Barone Wilkes 4758. HARVEST AID Moka 27457. : 63908. a A Notelet (vol. Queen Ethel (vol. 7). |Breed, Standard- 15). r =o oad : Tablet (vol. ee ope a brown; height fe Prefix. 15.2 hand sie : ba Jes t aati Pilot Medium ead Medium 400, ’ 1597. = 8 os ie. Peter the Great / Tackey. 2895 Billings, Rich- te (vol. mond, Va.]

Shadow. Santos Maid ss

(vol. 21). Geo. Wilkes 519.

Patchen Wilkes

Patchen Maid 3550. (vol: 21, “‘p: 695).

oe Sentinel 865,

Kitty Patchen.

Maydeen (vol. aes 27. 9). Daisy Belle.

1 The following abbreviations appear in the pedigrees in the succeeding pages: A.T.R.=American Trotting Register. M.= American Morgan Register. S.= American Saddle Horse Register. Th.=Thoroughbred. When not otherwise noted, references to volume and page numbers are those of the American Trotting Register.

19411°—21——_2

10 Department Circular 153, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture.

WILMERING 48569 A. T. R.

Description: Bay; foaled 1906; height, 15.2 hands; weight, 1,100 pounds.

Sire: Boreal 21072, by Bow Bells 13073, by Electioneer, by Hambletonian 10.

Dam: May Matthews, by Motor 7411, by Onward 1411, by George Wilkes 519.

This stallion is now leased, and the lessee will be given first option for the season 1 Ale

ALBION.

Description: Bay; foaled 1906;-star, snip, left hind pastern white; height, 16.2 hands; weight, 1,400 pounds.

Sire: Carmon (see pedigree of Carmon).

Dam: Arizona, by Emigrant, by Lord Winbeam, by Geo. Peabody; dam of Emi- erant: Lady Spartan, by Spartan, by Ethan Allen 43 (Morgany.

This stallion is a proved sire, a grand foal getter, and is now available for lease. To date, it has been impossible to spare him for outside service.

ORE

Fic. 4.—Bay stallion Albion, by Carmon 32917 (see description on page 9).

CARNAGIE.

Description: Bay; foaled 1908; hind ankles white; height, 15.2 hands; weight, 1,200 pounds.

Sire: Carmon (see pedigree of Carmon).

Dam: Montana, by Chappy, by Emigrant, by Lord Winbeam.

This stallion is a good foal getter, and is now available for lease.

Developing an American Utility Horse.

2x: AOR tin Wa % %

Fic. 5.—Bay stallion Carnagie, by Carmon 32917 (see description on page 10).

At

12 Department Circular 153, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture.

DEFENDER.

Description: Bay; foaled 1909; snip, right hind pastern white; height, 15.24 hands; weight, 1,325 pounds. ~

Sire: Albion (see pedigree of Albion).

Dam: Ada, by Carmon (see pedigree of Carmon).

This stallion is a tried sire and a good foal getter. He is now available for lease.

HIGHBALL.

Description: Bay; foaled 1913; black points; height, 15.3 hands; weight, 1,200 pounds.

Sire: Carmon (see pedigree of Carmon).

Dam: Indiana, by March Onward.

Highball is now available for lease.

Fic. 7.—Bay stallion Highball, by Carmon 32917 (see description above).

HICKMAN.

Description: Bay; foaled 1913; left front and hind feet white; height, 15.3 hands; weight, 1,250 pounds.

Sire: Albion (see pedigree of Albion).

Dam: Michigan, by Prince L. 5947; second dam by Temperance 6819.

This stallion was leased for the 1920 season.

Developing an American Utility Horse. 13

JEROME.

Description: Bay; foaled 1915; no marks; height, 15.2 hands; weight, 1,200 pounds.

Sire: Loyal D 50088 A. T. R. (record 2:094) by Boreal 21072 and out of Traitress, by Trevilian.

Dam: Alba, by Carmon; second dam Wyoming, by Red Bird (Th).

This stallion was leased for the 1920 season.

JAYWOOD.

Description: Bay; foaled 1915; no marks; height, 15.2} hands; weight, 1,225 pounds. Sire: Loyal D 50088 A. T. R. (record 2:094) by Boreal 21072.

Dam: Alpha, by Carmon 32917.

This stallion was leased for the 1920 season.

Ba Bs cS . Se ae

: a “Se : eee eS ae sereveeserememitn- sets teenagnaseaner om aennnouecsiing Sane anbn cnet ernie helo anaantnane Goniiianiansieibeds ais souaosidac se

\aeelicsnestnannieedlibibaantencoscacasoeond

Fic. 8.—Bay stallion Hickman, by Albion (see description on page 12).

KILLARNEY.

Description: Bay; foaled 1916; strip, right front and both hind ankles white; height,

15.2 hands; weight, 1,200 pounds. Sire: Albion (see pedigree of Albion). Dam: Ada, by Carmon. ~ This stallion is now available for lease.

14 Department Circular 153, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture.

LELAND.

Description: Bay; foaled 1917; black points; height, 15.2 hands; weight, 1,000 pounds.

Sire: Albion (see pedigree of Albion).

Dam: Glenrose, by Cedar Red, by Sir Walkill, jr., 32695; second dam, Bonita, by~ Carmon.

Leland is a promising young stallion and was leased for the 1920 season. This colt is a rich bay and has a splendid saddle conformation.

LINKWOOD. 4

Description: Bay; foaled 1917; strip in face; left hind cannon white halfway to hock; right hind pastern white; height, 15.24 hands; weight, 1,100 pounds.

Sire: Albion (see pedigree of Albion).

Dam: Alba, by Carmon.

This stallion is a rugged, growthy individual with plenty of size. When mature he should be a great sire of useful horses. He is now available for lease.

Fic. 9.—Bay stallion Killarney, by Albion (see description on page 13).

BREEDING RECORDS OF FOUNDATION MARES.

The breeding records of some of the principal producing matrons from which the animals in the stud are descended, together with the disposition made of their progeny, are appended herewith. By noting the number of the progeny retained for breeding purposes it will be observed that the selection of stock has been very strict. In many instances the animals discarded were very superior individuals, but

Fig. 10.—Bay stallion Linkwood, by Albion (see description on page 14

Fic. 11.—Brood mare Alba, by Carmon (see description on page 21). Note the breediness, depth an

roominess of body, and other matronly qualities of this mare. The producing qualities of this fam areillustrated in figures 12, 13, and 14, which are Alba’s progeny.

16 Department Circular 153, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. did not quite approach the type and standard desired for breeding purposes in this project. ARIZONA. Description: Bay mare; foaled 1899; height 15.3} hands; weight, 1,150 pounds. Sire: Emigrant. Dam: Hoyden, by Red Bud (Th). Progeny. Year. Colony ay Sex Name. Sire. Disposition. USOS || eos scsi Colm. 2. 22! AUN OTD) ea ag on as eon Carmon..... Retained. MOO Tina) MSISSOCL = 2h.) Sd aeay SPU 8 EI By eh Rs peek enero fee Pa eae nee GOS? y-| IMESSe cS 5/28 CEE a tea 3 eat at a Ney Sa ic Were ete ae 1909 ay.- JEM oes S25 Died afew hours after birth.|.............- TOTO CAD Orted shes cpt ks ool ae oh arian RL vee ae eer eg CES TG HGL I Bsa - INU oc oo Bred omia wes se fan een Carmon...-- Discarded. IGN oN Wes oss = = ye eee Glad ysoc ieee os oe Meta Bela ta Carmon....- Discarded. IOUS |) ABW se coe lly Hazel gee oe Dea aie Carmon. .-.- Died 1919. O14 Missed ss )ace ete ie lel. hisu 3a ieainipe Ja 2 Lael We 0a ee LOTS a is ayeeee nee Why sess J weSs J Wee ee ey Carmon...-.- Died. IQ |) IBA eo oso I OUD hi cetre aati meron rage 1, Abana ater re eee Carmon.....- Died 1916. AES Aa Wes GASISy=0 Em Net evel ea ee (Sede Os 3's) oer Ip Nk Mane LOU SES MiISse die sli ea ee, hes 18 Fhe [sie oR ALCON oa) Neate Oe aa eRe a eam 1919 | Bay. Coltesasee INORCOMM Ee aoe nn eet Carmon....- Retained. INDIANA. Description: Brown; age unknown; height, 15.14 hands; weight, 1,080 pounds. Died August, 1915. Sire: March Onward. Dam: Attica. Progeny. | Year. | Color Sex Name. Sire. Disposition. IGOG || Wei ssosss cess FOO) abs eee ie eaten ee he eh ces Carmon....- Retained. 1907 | Brown Bhi vee BONIS settle ree eae | Carmon....-. Retained. 1908 | Brown IM oogsoc Clarateainhe ee acest ae Carmon..... Discarded. 1909 | Brown Colt et ce| test eee eee eee ee Carmon_.--.- Died, 1909. LOTR MB ayeeeeeee Coltaaeaeee HDD Ye) HU Ieee Se ee cle erat eea Canmonesse= Discarded. MOL |) Baws soos Colts 2ee4 TOT: War Gta anae, ee ee eee InCarmoneese= Discarded. aC at ad EiSts (26 Uae eed eee ee AEP eee eee ey ae cence MS ae a a ncisa bene cod Gils} |) JBAyees S65 Colizeeeeee nigh alll lkesere hae se eee ene Carmone === Retained. TIGR Fat isioy ey o Meneeaeal nieae yg reece (PRR et Meme eens ia rele Ie ra ers Sena allo tauiGe aaa OTS ae ayes see ae | Colts scsecc JAS PCW tes ee ee eee Carmom..--- Died, 1919

The mare Alpha, foaled in 1906, is a large, rugged mare weighing 1,275 pounds and measuring 16 hands. She in turn produced the following animals which have been retained in the stud: Bay stallion Jaywood, by Loyal D 50088; bay mare Katinka, by Carnagie.

The mare Bonita, foaled in 1907, is also a large, rugged mare of splendid proportions, weighing 1,200 pounds and standing 15.23 hands. Bonita is the dam of Glenrose, a beautiful mare 15.3 hands in height and weighing 1,150 pounds, which is n the Wyoming stud at the present time. |

~I

~- - «Developing an American Utility Horse. 1

Or

Eg = ee ; ae Z Ee 9 e 2 dbs ie td (dsp AG ET ee Pe Ee Bae

Lo

Fic. 12.—Bay mare Holly, by General Gates 666 (M) and out of Alba.

MICHIGAN. Description: Bay; age indefinite; height, 16 hands; weight, 1,105 pounds. Died September 8, 1913. Sire: Prince L. 5947. Dam: By Temperance 6819.

Progeny. 7 : :

|

Michigan is the dam of Ada, one of the best matrons in the stud at present. Ada is a rather small mare standing but 15.2 hands and weighing 1,100 pounds, but her produce are uniformly large and include the stallions Defender and Killarney, now in the stud. Michigan is also the dam of the stallion Hickman, foaled in 1913.

18 Department Circular 153, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture.

WYOMING. Description: Bay; foaled 1896; 15.3? hands; weight 1,180 pounds. Died September 9, 1910. Sire: Red Bird (Th.). Dam: Lady Shepherd. Progeny. Year. Color. Sex. Name. | Sire. Disposition. | | L90GR MBaye-eeee- Bully Alas Si eS eee ae seu Carmon..... Retained. GO |) IBEW kooce Billyeeeees Pa Sona dl) oes eee Be OO) tok Nie a os Saf Carmon..... Retained. 1908 | Bay....... Filly...... Cinderella aun haan a | Carmon..... Discarded. 1909 | Missed -...|.. Upeoouaeroleea A sgee Sack obo te resdcavanabs Le eaielalste ei ciei= ae | Ree eee ees 1910 | Bay....... | Coline Blmer si, 2 ee wae ee Carmon..... | Discarded. | | |

Wyoming is the dam of the best two matrons produced in this project, namely, Alba and Bamba. Alba approaches the ideal type desired in this work and combines this splendid conformation with matronly qualities, being the dam of the mares Holly, by General Gates, and Innocent, by Loyal D; also of the stallions Jerome, by Loyal D, Linkwood, by Albion, and Marigold, by Wilmering.

Fig, 13.—Bay mare Innocent, by Loyal D 50088 and out of Alba.

Developing an American Utility Horse.

19

Fic, 14.—Bay filly Nancy Lee, by Wilmering 48569 and out of Alba.

Fic. 15.—A group of yearlings at the United States-Wyoming station.

90 Department Circular 153, U. S. Dept. of Agric

Bamba is a 1,300-pound mare standing 16.1 hands in height and has been a very good producer of large, handsome progeny, such as

iy

no)

ture.

Harriett, Mabel, and Near Beer, which are now in the stud.

BEATRICE 2079 (S).

Description: Bay; foaled, 1901; height, 15.2 hands; weight, 1,150 pounds.

Sire: Highland Denmark 730 (S).

Dam: Lady Adams 2074 (8).

Progeny.

Year. Color Sex Name. Sire. Disposition. |: 190d) Bayeeeese: yaaa iBelladonnatpeeet ee eee eee ee Carmon....-. Died, 1916. MOOS | MUSSOC a See eos NS a rr erat | ree eae 1909 Bayaesene= Bullies see DaisyaD canes tees spe reeee Carmon....- Discarded. TKmkOY || ABBAS ooo Colts etee EVGRECLONaanee ce ee eee Carmon.:.... Discarded. 0S Es Dm TY EL RSiVeX Wane Peay sO Vee ae i ee aS Se ene ki oe ee ee IGA, We Nyeaoaade Ihe oeoee Geneva te sseee secs ta eee Cedar Red..| Died, 1914 1913). Missed see sok Sooo she [Scere ce stingcies ena Se ee aceraern)| he ee stersterete meres Hota s | Aborted ae csey ao) lyse SA TR. 5 ec ee IIB | Be Recess WW Nyjsesose JEAN ethers tae e oe eee Carmon....- Discarded. IDS |) BEN ee coone (Ballliveeeeer Waty Gide 9s. os524:e sec senere Carmon..... Retained. AQT MSSed ee alc hae /2's)- eis ieilissacie sire cia sine as ee acre ie ieee Reece tae ONS tal eB aiyeeeeees Coli ees Major Balle ees eee paren Wilmering.-.| Discarded. 1919S) “Browneees| | ballyece = INelsomse. 32 eee cates ceereee Wilmering.-.| Retained.

BESS <x Ra BG SPOS re SSS 5 Re Re REAGAN

F1a. 16.—Mares of Carmon breeding, used in farm work.

BREEDING RECORDS OF MARES BRED IN THE EXPERIMENTAL WORK.

The following mares were bred and developed in this project and their breeding records in the stud are appended for the purpose of record and comparison. It will be observed that these mares have

,

Developing an American Utility Horse. 21

Fic. 17.—A group of brood maresin pasture at the United States- Wyoming horse-breeding station.

been producers of animals that have been retained in the stud, this being especially notable in the case of Alba, whose progeny has been. exceptionally uniform and of outstanding merit. ADA. Description: Bay; foaled, March 21, 1906; star, snip, both hind ankles white; height, 15.2 hands; weight, 1,100 pounds. This mare was bred in the project at Fort Collins,

Colo. Sire: Carmon. Dam: Michigan (foundation mare).

Progeny. Year. Color. Sex. Name. Sire. | Disposition. | 1909 14) Bety. == 2 = Golis. 2225 | Welenders = fo7 ut ekees Uo . = Adpion2:..% | Retained. Del) LEST Ue BE ae ee ee ee ee ee ee ee a Ace RL Ea ee Rae es (LE) Ogee ee a eee Racndeestorncc a. | 1912) Bays: <2. ry? SEETIG Tiga Rape ey 9s uaa td pele !General Died, 1913. Gates.

191s | Bay-~..2 = - Colt..-.-.. ee eee ee ee dows 2S General | Died, 1914.

Gates. 194m) (Bay _=..<-- Colt. ccs. 22 EGHADOUS 555 er eae Loyal D....| Discarded. DOLE DES ee Ait Sa a a eee eee a em (ee ree ae 19164}, Bayz... : Colb.2 2.5. Aarne se Be oe Seco s Albion...... Retained. [1 gall ES) eee Bays s. 2.2 WSU ee oo Une Soee S Alpion. 22.25 Discarded. is Pe Bay 9522. Colts 2 2 CUE (2 2 eee a ee ee Albion: a==5 Discarded. | cane So. . eee Dp on eee ee pee re nies

| 24 ALBA.

Description: Bay; foaled, May 28, 1906; star, both hind pasterns white; height, 16 hands; weight, 1,325 pounds. This mare was bred in the project at Fort Collins, Colo. Sire: Carmon. Dam: Wyoming (foundation mare).

Progeny. Year. Color. Sex. Name. | Sire. Disposition. 1913 | Bay......- | Filly...... te ee ee | General, Retained. Gates.

22 Department Circular 153, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture.

Description: Bay; foaled, 1907; star; height, 16.1 hands; weight, 1,300 pounds. This

BAMBA.

mare was bred in the project at Fort Collins, Colo.

Sire: Carmon.

Dam: Wyoming (foundation mare).

Progeny.

Year. Color. Sex. Name. Sire. Disposition. IG. || WEN Re oeaae Coltheeaaee I OLTES GS Su awaarscisislseeaieniae Cedar Red. .| Discarded. LOU 2B MSS Oar e | oie mercpctereis) ciate nw iciate erate rrcietetetesite einine weieteletsrerell ei cete eeepc INS} || eA oooes IMA GoGe6 Harriette ieesmeraienieiectee cee Carnagie....} Retained. 1GIASS Bayan secs INI yoscdas DUT es oR ers a ee Arey ch ae Loyal D-....} Discarded. GG) | IN Resoo56 I hysedone Jialian soe tesaces Sew oatese eee Wilmering..| Discarded. USIGE MESS Och cii cjarcisisjaizreyare Sillceis aie ote ateiatelnis cicinte erermste reine cen e eiee 1917 | Brown Coltzer cee Ween sae tee Seana ee ae eee Carnagie....]| Discarded. LOLS PB ayeeeaeee aversive Mabel ah: cas cameecsutanee Carnagie....| Retained. 1919 | Brown OltStes ase Near Beer. 222 cetecmencmcios Wilmering..| Retained.

See Eee

PUBLICATIONS OF UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE RELATING TO HORSES.

AVAILABLE FOR FREE DISTRIBUTION BY THE DEPARTMENT.

Breeds of Draft Horses. (Farmers’ Bulletin 619.)

Colts: Breaking and Training. (Farmers’ Bulletin 667.) How to Select a Sound Horse. (Farmers’ Bulletin 779.) Breeds of Light Horses. (Farmers’ Bulletin 952.)

The Feeding of Horses. (Farmers’ Bulletin 1030.) Dourine of Horses. (Farmers’ Bulletin 1146.)

FOR SALE BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON, D. C.

Cerebrospinal Meningitis (forage poisoning). 5 cents.

Vesicular Stomatitis of Horses and Cattle. 5 cents.

Cottonseed Meal for Horses.

Special Report on Diseases of the Horse.

(Department Bulletin 65.) Price,

(Department Bulletin 662.) Price, (Department Bulletin 929.) Price, 5 cents. ; Price, $1.

ADDITIONAL COPIES

OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D. C.

AT

* 10 CENTS PER COPY A

a ae