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MISA

Municipal/Industrial Strategy loi Abatement

EFFLUENT MONITORING REGULATION

FOR THE
THE DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENT

FOR THE
ONTARIO MINERAL INDUSTRY SECTOR:

GROUP A

Environment j,m Bradley
Ontario

ISBN 0-7729-6119-0

THE DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENT FOR THE

EFFLUENT MONITORING REGULATION

FOR THE

ONTARIO MINERAL INDUSTRY SECTOR: GROUP A

SEPTEMBER 1989

RECYCLABLE

Copyright: Queen's Printer for Ontario, 1989

This publication may be reproduced for non-commercial purposes

with appropriate attribution.

USE OF THE MISA SECTOR SPECIFIC REGULATIONS WITH THE GENERAL
REGULATION

Under the MISA program, the monitoring requirements for each sector are specified in two
regulations - The General Effluent Monitoring Regulation (Ontario Regulation 695/88) and the
relevant sector-specific regulation.

The General Effluent Monitoring Regulation provides the technical principles which are common
to all sectors. It covers the "how to" items such as sampling, chemical analysis, toxicity
testing, flow measurement and reporting.

The sector-specific regulation specifies the monitoring requirements of each direct discharger,
such as the actual parameters to be monitored, the frequency of monitoring and the regulation
in-force dates.

The General Effluent Monitoring Regulation, which must be used in conjunction with the sector
specific regulation, is published under separate cover. The same document also includes a
discussion of the MISA approach to effluent monitoring.

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this document is to provide background information on the development of the
MISA Effluent Monitoring Regulation for the Ontario Mineral Industry Sector: Group A.

The pertinent information is set out in a number of sections. These sections provide:

an overview of Group A plants including a description of the six categories
that make up Group A;

an in-depth explanation of the technical rationale which led to the regulation in
its present format;

the effluent monitoring regulation;

explanatory notes which provide an interpretation of the requirements of the
regulation.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

USE QF THE MISA SECTOR SPECIFIC REGULATIONS WITH THE

GENERAL REGULATION i

GENERAL INTRODUCTION ii

PART I - OVERVIEW OF THE ONTARIO MINERAL INDUSTRY SECTOR:
GROUP A

I INTRODUCTION 1-1

I I DEFINITION OF THE ONTARIO MINERAL INDUSTRY SECTOR:

GROUP A 1-1

I I I BASIC PROCESSES USED BY GROUP A PLANTS 1-1

IV PRINCIPAL RAW MATERIALS 1-12

V PROCESS CHEMISTRY 1-16

VI WASTEWATER 1-16

VII IN-PLANT CONTROLS 1-19

VIII WASTEWATER TREATMENT 1-19

IX THE ONTARIO MINERAL INDUSTRY SECTOR: GROUP A IN

ONTARIO 1-21

X SECTOR OVERVIEW 1-22

PART II - TECHNICAL RATIONALE FOR THE MONITORING REQUIREMENTS

I INTRODUCTION 11-1

I I DEFINITION OF THE OISTTARIO MINERAL INDUSTRY SECTOR: GROUP A
-STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CU^SSIFICATION (SIC) SYSTEM 11-1

III THE NEED FOR REGULATION 11-1

IV THE U.S. EPA EXPERIENCE 11-3

V THE MINISTRY/ONTARIO MINERAL INDUSTRY SECTOR: GROUP A
DIALOGUE 11-3

VI APPROACHES TO MONITORING 11-4

VII THE EFFLUENT-SPECIFIC MONITORING APPROACH 11-5

VIII PARAMETERS FOR MONITORING 11-5

IX DATABASES USED FOR PARAMETER SELECTION il-6

X CLASSIFICATION OF EFFLUENTS 11-7

XI FLOW MEASUREMENT 11-8

XII PARAMETER/FREQUENCY ASSIGNMENT -GENERAL COMMENTS 11-9

XIII PARAMETER/FREQUENCY ASSIGNMENT - SPECIFIC COMMENTS .... 11-14

XIV VARIABILITY OF GROUP A EFFLUENT FLOWS AND CHEMISTRY 11-15

W SUMMARY: TYPE OF SAMPLES PERMITTED 11-16

XVI ROUTINE MONITORING AND CHARACTERIZATION 11-17

XVII OPEN CHARACTERIZATION 11-17

XVIII TOXICITY TESTING 11-19

XIX QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL 11-21

>« ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE REGULATION 11-21

XXI REFERENCES 11-27

TABLES

Table 1

Table 2
Table 3

Probability of Detecting at Least One Sample Above the Detection
Limit 11-18

Estimates of tfie Average Incremental Operating and Capital Costs
by Monitoring Activity 11-23

Impact of Monitoring Costs on Capital Expenditures and After-tax
Profits for the Period 1983 - 1987 11-25

PART III - REGULATION MADE UNDER THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Ad

EFFLUENT MONITORING - ONTARIO MINERAL INDUSTRY
SECTOR: GROUP A

Section 1 - Definitions III-1

Section 2 - Purpose lil-3

Section 3 - Application III-3

Section 4 - Sampling Points III-4

Section 5 - Sample Types III-4

Section 6 - Thrice Weekly Monitoring III-6

Section 7 - Monthly Monitoring - General lli-7

Section 8 - Monthly Monitoring - Storm Water III-8

Section 9 - Quarterly Monitoring III-8

Section 10 - Monitoring for Parameters in Analytical Test Group 24 III-9

Section 11 - Quality Control Monitoring 111-10

Section 12- Toxicity Testing 111-11

Section 13 - Flow Measurement 111-12

Section 14 - Reporting 111-13

Section 15 - Exploration or Development Plants 111-16

Section 16 - Commencement iil-17

Section 17 - Revocation 111-17

Legend for Schedules A to G 111-18

Schedule A 111-19

Schedule B - Copper, Lead, Zinc, Nickel Category 111-25

Schedule C - Gold Category 111-34

Schedule D - Iron Category 111-43

Schedule E - Salt Category 111-52

Schedule F - Silver Category 111-61

Schedule G - Uranium Category 111-70

Schedule H - Sampling Principles 111-79

Schedule I - Analytical Principles & Analytical Method Detection Limits . 111-81

EXPLANATORY NOTES TO THE EFFLUENT MONITORING
REGULATION FOR THE ONTARIO MINERAL INDUSTRY:
GROUP A

Introduction IV-1

Section 1: Definitions IV-1

Section 2: Purpose IV-2

Section 3: Application IV-2

Section 4: Sampling Points IV-3

Section 5: Sample Types IV-4

Section 6: Thrice Weekly Monitoring IV-4

Section 7: Monthly Monitoring - General IV-5

Section 8: Monthly Monitoring - Storm Water IV-5

Section 9: Quarterly Monitoring IV-5

Section 10: Monitoring for Parameters in Analytical Test Group 24 IV-6

Section 11: Quality Control Monitoring IV-6

Section 12: Toxicity Testing IV-7

Section 13: Flow Measurement IV-7

Section 14: Reporting IV-7

Section 15: Exploration or Development Plants IV-8

Section 16: Commencement IV-9

Section 17: Revocation IV-9

PART V - A SUMMARY OF CATEGORY MONITORING REQUIREMENTS

A Summary of Category Monitoring Requirements V-1

Category Summary for Process Effluents V-2

Category Summary for f^inewater Effluents V-10

Category Summary for Smelter-Refinery Effluents V-18

Category Summary for Storm Water Effluents V-27

PART VI - A SUMMARY OF THE RESULTS OF THE ONTARIO MINERAL

INDUSTRY: GROUP A MISA PRE-REGULATION MONITORING
PROGRAM

A Summary of tfie Results of the Ontario Mineral Industry: Group A MISA
Pre-reguiation Monitoring Program VI-1

Base Metal Sulphides VI-1

Iron Ore Operations VI-2

Uranium VI-2

Gold VI-2

Sampling Locations: Effluent Types VI-2

SUMMARY

Pre-characterization Data - Conventional Parameters VI-4

Pre-characterization Data - Organics VI-4

TABLES

Table 1 - Sampling Locations: Effluent Stream Types VI-3

PART VII - MISA ADVISORY COMMITTEE REPORT REGARDING THE DRAFT
EFFLUENT MONITORING REGULATION FOR THE ONTARIO
MINERAL INDUSTRY SECTOR: GROUP A

Letter to the Minister VII-1

1. Introduction VII-3

2. Advice to the Minister VII-3

3. Regulation-Specific Recommendations VII-3

PART VIII - MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT'S RESPONSE TO THE MISA
ADVISORY COMMITTEE REPORT

Letter to the MISA Advisory Committee VIII-1

MAC Recommendation VIII-2

MOE Response VIII-2

PART IX - THE PUBLIC REVIEW PERIOD

General Comments from Industry IX-1

Specific Comments from Industry IX-3

Changes Made to Schedule B (List of Plants) of the Draft Effluent Monitoring
Regulation IX-3

PART I

OVERVIEW OF THE ONTARIO MINERAL INDUSTRY SECTOR:
GROUP A

PART I - OVERVIEW OF THE ONTARIO MINERAL INDUSTRY SECTOR:
GROUP A

I INTRODUCTION

The first part of this section serves as an introduction to the Ontario Mineral Industry Sector:
Group A. It defines Group A and serves to describe the mining processes that apply to Group A,
the general process chemistry including wastewater generation and treatment.

The section concludes with a specific outline of each of the six categories that make up Group A
with emphasis on the differences of each category.

I I DEFINITION OF THE ONTARIO MINERAL INDUSTRY SECTOR:

GROUP A

Two groups (A and B) operate under the Ontario Mineral Industry Sector. A separate regulation
is being prepared for each group.

All plants in the Ontario Mineral Industry Sector fall into Group A or into Group B. Metal mines
and salt mines are found in Group A. Industrial mineral mines are found in Group B.

Because of the diversity of the Ontario mining industry and the large number of plants involved,
Group A has been subdivided into six very distinct categories as follows:

(1)

Copper, Lead, Zinc, Nickel

(2)

Gold

(3)

Iron

(4)

Salt (sodium chloride)

(5)

Silver

(6)

Uranium

The unique nature of each category is derived from a combination of differences that involve
mineralogy and geology, methods of mining and methods of processing.

All plants and effluents covered under the Effluent Monitoring Regulation are listed in Schedule

I I I BASIC PROCESSES USED BY GROUP A PLANTS

Mining, in Ontario, takes place in every part of the Province. Although it is not a major mining
area, southern Ontario does possess important deposits of salt, oil, gas and gypsum. Most of
these deposits are being actively worked. The climate of southern Ontario is mild and the
winters are short. The total annual precipitation consists of 69 centimetres of rain and 165
centimetres of snow.

In Ontario, most of the important mines are located in the north in Precambrian rock that forms
part of the internationally famous Canadian Shield, The climate in the shield region of Ontario is
much more severe than that in the southern region. The annual precipitation in the shield region
consists of approximately 79 centimetres of ram and 285 centimetres of snow. Although
summer temperatures in excess of 30° C are not uncommon, winter temperatures below minus
40° C are frequent.

In mining, the term 'hard rock' is loosely used to distinguish igneous and metamorphic rocks
from sedimentary rocks. The Canadian Shield is one of the largest and richest hard-rock mining
areas in the world. Thousands of square miles of Shield area lie within the boundaries of
Ontario.

Mining operations follow two basic patterns: open pit and conventional underground. Of the
two, underground operations predominate. It is not unusual, however, for open pit mining to
precede conventional underground mining at any particular deposit providing that the geology
and ground conditions are suitable.

There are standard underground mining procedures but the varying shapes of orebodies and
changeable geology result in no two mines ever being alike.

Mines range all the way from the early prospect which may have only a single level with
limited lateral workings, to the deep and complex workings of mines that have been in
production for many years. Many Ontario mines reach depths of over 1 kilometre and many
Ontario mines have more than 100 kilometres of workings underground.

Opening and developing a mine is expensive. Consequently, any mine layout requires a great
deal of planning. As it is desirable to obtain as much information as possible about the nature
and anitude of the orebodies before shaft sinking commences, most mining companies like to
carry out detailed drilling prior to launching any underground program.

ORE RESERVES D6FrCD

Ore is generally defined as a valuable mineral or an aggregate of valuable minerals, more or
less mixed with a gangue (waste) matenal which from the standpoint of a miner can be won at a
profit or from the standpoint of the metallurgist can be treated at a profit. Thus, in the case of
a mineral-bearing vein, if the average value of a sufficient tonnage is such that a profit is
indicated, then the vein filling is called ore. Otherwise, the vein filling is just waste rock.

An orebody is generally a solid and fairly continuous mass of ore which may include low-grade
and waste as well as pay ore but is individualized by form or character from adjoining country
rock.

Positive ore is ore which is exposed and properly sampled on four sides, in blocks of a
reasonable size, having in view the nature of the deposit as regards uniformity of value per
tonne and of the third dimension, or thickness.

Proven ore is therefore ore involving practically no risk of failure of continuity.

Probable ore is ore that is reasonably assured but not absolutely certain.

Possible ore reflects the prospective value of a mine beyond or below the last visible ore based
on the most accurate data from the mine being examined and from the characteristics of the
mining district.

Unbroken ore in an ore body is called ore-in-place.

The term ore reserves, although commonly quoted in terms of 'proven', 'probable' and
'possible', essentially refers to ore-in-place that has been sufficiently developed by means of
drifts, raises and crosscuts to show the necessary grade and tonnage. Broken ore reserves
are made up of ore contained in stopes after breaking but will generally include ore contained in
other underground workings or in the surface dump.

In a vein type deposit, the wallrock is that rock adjacent to the vein and is usually
distinguished as the hanging wall on the upper side and the footwall on the under side. In a
general sense the term country rock is comparable to the term wallrock but is generally
extended to cover the rock surrounding any orebody (vein or lode type). In a wider sense, it
may be applied to the rocks invaded by and surrounding an igneous intrusion.

MINING

A) CONVENTIONAL UNDERGROUND

When a mine is put into operation, a shaft is sunk near the orebody. Horizontal passages are cut
from the shaft at various depths to reach the ore. The ore is then removed (generally), hoisted
to the surface, crushed, concentrated and refined. Waste rock or classified mill tailings may be
returned to the mine as fill for the mined-oul areas or may be directed to a disposal basin
(tailings area).

The shaft provides a means of entry or exit for people and materials, and for the removal of
ore or waste from underground to surface. It may be vertical or inclined.

NOTE: A passageway or opening driven horizontally into the side of a hill generally for
the purpose of exploring or otherwise opening a mineral deposit is called an
adit.

In Ontario, mines have ranged to a depth of more than 2500 metres. Shafts may be rectangular
or circular.

Shafts usually contain from one to eight compartments. Shafts sunk from underground levels
are called winzes. Winzes are established to permit mining at depth.

Shaft conveyances include buckets, skips, cages or skipcage combinations. The first two are
for hoisting rock or ore and they vary in load capacity (generally from one to eighteen tonnes).

They travel at approximately 3,000 feet per minute. Cages are used for men and materials and
can transport as many as 85 people per load at slower speeds. Safety devices exist to prevent
shaft conveyances from falling, should cables fail.

LEVELS

Levels - horizontal passages in a mine • are generally driven from the shaft at vertical
intervals of 30 ■ 60 metres. That part of the level driven from the shaft to the orebody is
known as the crosscut, and that pari which continues along the orebody is known as a drift.
Crosscuts and drifts vary in size depending on the size of the haulage equipment in use.

A raise is an opening made in the back (roof) of a level to reach the level above.

STORES

A stope is an excavation where the ore is drilled, blasted and removed by gravity through
chutes to ore cars on the haulage level below. Slopes require openings (manways) to provide
access for people and materials. Normally, raises connect a stope to the level above and are
used for ventilation, for convenience in getting people and materials into the stope, and for

admitting backfill.

STORING MET>HODS

The stoping method used normally depends on the stability of the walls and ore as ore removal
progresses. The three common stoping methods used in Ontario are:

1. The Shrinkage Slope: is used chiefly in narrow regular orebodies where the

walls and ore require little support. After each blast,
sufficient ore is pulled from the chutes to make room
for the miners to drill and blast the next section. As
the stope progresses upwards the manways are raised
slightly above the level of the broken ore. When the
stope reaches the level above, it will be full of broken
ore {classed as broken ore reserves). On removal of
the ore, the stope may be filled with waste material.

2. The Cut-and-Fil! Stope: is used in wider irregular orebodies where the walls

require support to minimize dilution {waste from the
walls falling into the broken ore). A horizontal section
of ore is drilled, blasted and removed. Chutes and
manways then are raised to about two metres from
the stope roof. Waste material (or mill tailings) is
dumped into the stope through the waste-pass raise
until it is level with the chutes and manways. Flooring
(wood or concrete) is placed over the fill before the
next ore cut is dniled and blasted. Scrapers or diesel

endloaders are used to remove ore to the chutes and to
level waste or backfill in the stope.

3. The Sauare-Set Stope: is used in an orebody where the wails and ore require

support during ore removal. After each blast, square-
set timbers are erected and made solid by blocking to
the walls and back. The chutes and manways are raised
and backfill is placed in the stope as in the cut-and-fill
method. Flooring, called a mucking floor, is laid on the
backfill at chute elevation. A floor above, supported on
the square-sets where drilling and blasting is carried
out, is called the mining floor. Square-set timbering
protects the miners from loose rock which might fall
from the walls and back of the stope.

SAFETV AND VENTILATION

The Occupational Health and Safety Act: Ontario Regulation for Mines and Mining Plants
regulates the operation of mines and requires that a second escapeway be provided for the
safety of miners before stopmg begins.

Large volumes of fresh air are required to ventilate a mine. This air is delivered from the
surface by fans. Some air is drawn off at each level and directed to the working places. Stale
air IS returned to the surface. Ventilation doors on each level near the shaft station prevent
the air from returning to the surface before if has reached the worV areas. Special provisions
are made for ventilation when diesel equipment is used underground.

B) OPEN PIT OPERATIONS

Whether an orebody will be mined by open pit or underground methods will be determined by the
economics of the operation. In all instances, the total capital and operation costs must be
considered. A correct decision is extremely important inasmuch as the equipment for open pit
and underground use is not interchangeable. Further, investment in equipment for either mining
method and pre-production stripping expense for open-pit mining must be made long before
mining commences and t^efore returns are received or the method is proven successful. In
general, open pit mining is more economical than underground mining especially when the
orebody is large and the depth of overburden is not excessive.

Some predominant advantages inherent in the open pit method are as follows:

a) The open pit method is quite flexible in that it allows for large increases or
decreases in production on short notice without rapid deterioration of the workings.

b) The method is safe. Loose material can be seen and removed or avoided. Crews
can be readily observed at work by supervisors. The relatively small number of
men employed contributes to safety.

c) Selective mining is possible without difficulty. Grade control can be easily
accomplished by leaving lean sections temporarily unmined or by mining for waste.

d) The total cost of open pit mining, per tonne recovered, is usually only a fraction of
the cost of underground mining. Further, the cost spread between the two methods
is growing wider as larger-scale methods are applied to open pits.

STRIPPING

N/laterial overlying an orebody may consist of earth, sand, gravel, silt, rock or even water.
Removal of this material generally falls under the heading of stripping. Normally, stripping of
rock will be considered a "mining" operation. Generally, stripping will be accomplished with
heavy earth-moving equipment such as the caterpillar-type tractor. Suction and cutter
dredges are sometimes used. Removal of overburden generally takes place concurrently with
construction of the surface plant, after a decision to mine by open pit has been reached.

BREAKING

Drilling

Drilling is the basic pari of the breaking operation in open pit mining; considerable effort has
therefore been expended to develop equipment for drilling holes at the lowest possible cost.
There are several types of drills which can be used. These include churn drills, percussion
drills, rotary drills and jet-piercing drills. All are designed with one objective in mind; to
produce a hole of required diameter, depth and direction in rock for later insertion of
explosives.

Blasting

Basically, explosives are comprised of chemicals which, when combined, contain all the
requirements for complete combustion without external oxygen supply. Early explosives
consisted chiefly of nitro-glycerine, carbonaceous material and a oxidizing agent. These
mixtures were packaged into cartridges for convenience in handling and loading into holes.
Many explosives are still manufactured and packaged to the basic formulas.

In recent years it has been discovered that fertilizer-grade ammonium nitrate mixed with about
6 percent fuel oil (the mixture is called ANFO) could be detonated by a high explosive pnmer.
This new application has spread to the point where virtually all mining companies use this
mixture for some or all of the primary blasting. Secondary blasting is usually done at the end
of a shift by means of cartridge explosives and electric caps However, as pit equipment
becomes larger and as the scale of operation increases, secondary blasting becomes a
relatively smaller pan of the mining operation.

LOADING

After the ore has been broken, it is transferred to the mill for treatment. Although a variety
of loading equipment is used in open pit mines depending on the scale of operations, the power
shovel seems to be preferred.

MILLING

Each mining operation attempts to remove locally as much of the waste rock as possible from
Its ore and ship the enriched product to a strategically located smeller or refinery. This
process of removing the waste rock and separating the valuable materials is termed
concentrating. The mill is a concentrator and the product is a concentrate.

Ores generally consist of a complex mixture of valuable and non-valuable particles. The
valueless particles are referred to as "gangue".

In a complex ore, it is possible to have microscopic panicles of one mineral species existing as
cores within small blebs of other species (for example, sphalerite within galena). The purpose
of crushing and grinding the ore in the mill, therefore, is to cleanly liberate all the desirable
constituents of the ore so that each may be recovered as a separate concentrate.

It is unusual in most ores to affect good liberation of values at sizes coarser than 200 mesh.
However, if the crushing and grinding part of the process is not controlled very carefully, a
fraction of sub-micron sizes are produced and these may interfere with subsequent operations.
Thus, in milling, the objective is to reduce the ore in size to a degree of fineness which gives an
economic liberation of the ^-aluable mineral or minerals but which avoids as much as possible
the production of sliming fractions.

CRUSHING

After the ore is broken underground in the mine, it is generally sent to the surface for storage
in a coarse ore bin. When required, the coarse ore bin feeds a primary crusher. This is
usually a law crusher which consists essentially of a fixed vertical jaw or plate, and a movable
jaw at a slight vertical angle; the movable jaw being pushed backward and forwards by a
system of toggles. The rock falls into the opening between the jaws at the top of the crusher
and IS crushed by the rapid, but short, forward motion of the movable jaw. The plates
converge towards the bottom and thus the rock may be pinched and shattered several times
before it falls free of the bottom opening.

NOTE: In some cases, the primary crusher may be installed underground at the bottom
of the ore pass system. This facilitates skip loading since unwieldly pieces of
ore are eliminated.

Some large tonnage concentrators use a gyratory crusher for the primary breaker. It consists
of a heavy gyratory crushing head mounted on a vertical shaft. The head works inside a
crushing bowl that is fixed to the main frame. Rock introduced into the bowl is caught and

nipped by the gyrating head. It then falls through an opening of predetermined size. Gyratory
crushers, usually installed on the surface at large mining properties, can handle three or four
hundred tonnes per hour.

The need for a secondary crusher frequently arises when the product from the primary crusher
is too large for efficient grinding.

Crushing is done dry and usually takes place in a building separate from the mill or
concentrator. Capacity is usually such that the entire daily tonnage requirement is crushed in
one or two shifts. This permits balancing of power loads and labour requirements and provides
opportunity for repairs.

Size control of the crusher house product is generally achieved with the use of a vibrating
screen. The oversize from the screen is returned for further crushing. The remainder of the
material is directed to fine ore storage bins (which feed the grinding circuit).

Crusher houses are generally equipped with dust control and ventilation systems which are
designed to eliminate any build-up of dust particles in the air.

It IS necessary to provide mill-feed storage on the surface at a mining operation since a mill (or
concentrator) usually operates 24 hours per day, seven days per week; whereas a mine and
crusher plant may only worV five or six days per week. At least thirty hours' requirements of
crushed ore are generally available in the fine ore storage bins.

Ore from the fine ore bins, along with water, is directed to one or more grinding units in the
mill. Each unit generally consists of a ball or rod mill that operates with or without a
classifier,

A ball mill consists of a horizontal cylindrical revolving shell that is supported on hollow
trunnion bearings. The ore enters through one trunnion opening and is discharged through the
other. The mill is kept about halt filled with steel balls which, as the mill revolves, cascade
and roll over each other. It is this action that crushes the ore. As the balls wear smaller they
form a charge of graduated size and therefore, only balls of the largest size are added to
maintain the ball charge. The size of the new balls in any particular mill vanes. The size is
dependent on the size of the mill feed and on the toughness of the ore itself.

A rod mill differs from a ball mill in that steel rods instead of steel balls are used as the
grinding media. The rods are approximately the length of the interior of the mill itself.

Autogenous grinding units are becoming quite common. These units force the ore to crush and
grind itself. Rods and balls are eliminated. Autogenous mills can be either wet or dry.

CLASSIFICATION

The usual function of a classifier in a mill circuit is to perform a physical separation that
results in oversize particles being returned to mills for further grinding.

In operation, the pulp discharged from a grinding mill flows down a launder to a classifier. The
classifier generally takes the form of a long inclined tank that has been equipped with a rake-
type mechanism that is able to move sandy material up the incline. The pulp from a mill enters
the bottom end of the inclined tank where the heavier, coarser particles settle and are caught
and moved up the incline by the rake mechanism to the top end of the tank. From here, the
coarse particles flow by gravity into the feed end of a grinding mill. The fine particles that do
not settle at the bottom end of the tank are carried, as finished particles, by a current of
controlled velocity over an adjustable weir and are directed to the next stage of the process
(usually flotation).

Many kinds of classifiers, especially those which operate on a centrifugal principle, are coming
into wide use in newer plants.

Grinding in closed circuit is a term used to describe a mill and a classifier that work together
as a unit. The material so produced will have a certain maximum size. The finest size produced
is controlled to some extent.

A rod mill may be used to prepare feed for a ball mill. In this case, it may function without a
classifier and this is termed open circuit operation.

After the material has been ground to the required size, it may be subjected to one or more of a
large number of processes that are available. Such processes include flotation, cvanidation.
dissolution in acid and ion exchange.

FLOTATKDN

Flotation, or more specifically froth flotation, is a physico-chemical method of concentrating
finely ground sulphide ores (it may. in some instances, be applied to non-sulphide materials).
The process involves chemical treatment of an ore pulp to create conditions favourable for the
attachment of certain mineral particles to air bubbles. The air bubbles carry the selected
minerals to the surface of the pulp and form a stabilized froth which is skimmed off while the
other minerals remain submerged in the pulp.

In general, sulphide mineral panicles coarser than 48 mesh {about 295 microns or 0,295
millimetres in diameter) cannot be effectively recovered: consequently, an ore that is to be
floated must first be ground fine enough so that the desired mineral particles are all, or
substantially all. smaller than this limiting size.

The creation of a rising current of air bubbles is accomplished by a flotation machine which
produces bubbles by mechanical agitation of the ore pulp, the direct introduction of air under
pressure, or both. These operations may be considered as the mechanical adjuncts of the
flotation process.

To obtain the adherence of the desired mineral particles to the air bubbles and hence the
formation of a mineral-laden froth on the surface of the ore pulp, a hydrophobic surface film
must be formed on the particles to be floated and a hydrophilic or wettable film on all others.
This is done by adding various chemicals. The selection of these chemicals for each particular
ore constitutes the principal problem of the ore dressing metallurgist.

All flotation concentration processes are selective or differential in that one mineral or group
of minerals is floated away from accompanying gangue. Ordinarily, however, the separation of
unlike minerals, such as sulphides from nonsulphides, is referred to as "bulk flotation' and the
term "differential flotation" is restricted to operations involving separations of similar mineral
types. Differential flotation may be exemplified by the concentration and subsequent
successive removal of copper, lead, zinc and iron sulphides from a single ore.

thk;keninq

it IS sometimes necessary to increase the solids content of an ore pulp. The machine that does
this IS called a thickener. Operating continuously, a thickener is a large diameter,
comparatively shallow, round tank. As the feed enters, the entrained rock particles sink to the
bottom of the thickener and are raked to a discharge mechanism located in the centre of the
tank floor. Some of the extremely fine panicles in the feed are aided in settling by the addition
of chemicals such as lime. The underflow from a thickener tends to resemble a sludge; the
resultant clear solution m the thickener overflows the top of the tank and is collected in a
launder.

FILTRATION

Some form of filtration is required in most mine-mill circuits. In many cases, a filter will take
the form of a large, horizontally-mounted, revolving drum. The drum is porous and partially
submerged m a semi-circular steel tank which receives pulp from specific mill processes. As
the drum rotates, a vacuum is applied from within which causes a definite thickness of pulp to
adhere to the drum. The resultant "cake" is scraped off continuously. The final concentrate
from a sulphide mine-mill operation is generally formed in this way.

CYANIPATIQN

A vanety of milling flowsheets are applied in recovering gold, but all rely on cyanidation to
dissolve the gold from the ore. Prior to leaching, the ore is ground to facilitate the dissolution
of all economically recoverable gold within a reasonable time. Typical fineness of ground ore is
80 percent less than 0,075 millimetres (200 mesh). Some mills grind the ore in cyanide
solution which allows the cyanide to attack freshly exposed gold surfaces. In a few mills,
preconcentration of coarse gold by gravity methods is practiced to improve overall recovery
and reduce the size of the cyanidation circuit. Jigs are generally used for this purpose.

The quantity of cyanide required for dissolution of the gold depends on the grade of the ore and
the amount of cyanicides present in the ore. Cyamcides are compounds, for example, metal and
sulphide minerals, which react with cyanide, causing excessive reagent consumption and fouling

of the leaching solution. They, or the products formed by their reactions, may also interfere
with the dissolution or subsequent precipitation of gold. Pre-aeration of the pulp is usually
practiced to minimize the deleterious effects of cyanicides. Both pre-aeration and cyanidation
are carried out in agitated tanks. Leaching generally takes between 24 and 72 hours.

Canadian gold mills practice one of two methods to recover gold from the leach solution. Either
the Merrill-Crowe or the Carbon-in-Pulp (CIP) process is used, with the former being the more
common. However, the CIP process is gaming favour in that it offers the advantages of lower
capital and operating costs than the Merrill-Crowe process.

The Merrill-Crowe Process

The Mernll-Crowe Process has been widely used for 90 years. It consists of precipitating gold
from a de-aerated solution by the addition of zinc dust. Following cyanidation, the gold-bearing
solution (pregnant solution), is separated from the tailings solids, usually by vacuum filtration
followed by clarification. Solid-liquid separation is sometimes done by counter-current
decantation in the thickeners rather than by filtration.

The clarified solution is de-aerated under vacuum. Zinc dust is then added to precipitate gold
which is then collected in a filter press. The gold precipitate is periodically removed and fire
refined in a furnace to produce a bullion containing over 90 percent precious metals (gold and
silver).

Following gold precipitation, most of the gold-free (barren) solution is recycled back to the
cyanidation process to take advantage of its residual leaching ability for gold. However, part
of the barren solution has to be discarded to prevent the build-up of contaminants that interfere
with gold dissolution and/or precipitation.

The Carbon-in Pulp Process

In the CIP Process, dissolved gold is removed directly from the leach pulp by contact and
adsorption on activated carbon granules. This is done in a series of agitated tanks with the pulp
moving counter current to the activated carbon. The carbon is coarser than the pulp and is
retained in the adsorber by an appropriately sized screen. The pulp flows continuously from
one adsortjer to the next, each tank having a retention time of about one hour. The carbon is
advanced in a batch manner, generally once a day. Following carbon adsorption the barren pulp
IS discharged to the tailings pond. There is consequently no recycling of the barren cyanide
solution and this results in greater losses of cyanide to the tailing pond than is the case with the
Merrill-Crowe process.

The adsorbed gold is stripped from the carbon using a hot caustic cyanide solution under either
pressurized or atmospheric conditions. It is then recovered from the stripping solution by
electrolytic deposition on steel wool cathodes which are periodically removed and refined by
fire or by electro-refming.

DISSOLUTION IN ACID; ION EXCHANGE

Uranium is usually recovered from its ore by contacting the ore with sulphuric acid and, after a
series of steps, use of an ion exchange resin.

In addition to all of the above, amalgamation (use of mercury) may be utilized to recover gold,
physical processes may be used to recover heavy minerals and so forth. The possibilities are
almost endless. For example, evaporation is used to recover salt from brine and
pyrometallurgy (smelting and refining) is used to win many metals from ores or concentrates.

IV PRINCIPAL RAW MATERIALS

The Ontario Mineral Industry Sector; Group A is an industrial sector that is largely "inorganic"
in nature. The ores being processed are composed of inorganic compounds such as sulphides and
oxides. Bulk chemicals are used by many Group A plants. These bulk chemicals are normally
restricted to sulphuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, ammonia, calcium oxide, sodium
carbonate and sodium hydroxide. Cyanide in the form of a sodium, potassium or calcium salt is
used in large quantities by the gold industry and, in smaller quantities, by some base metal
sulphide plants.

Organic chemicals are used by Group A plants in the froth flotation process. Most flotation
chemicals fall into at least one of the three following categories:

1. Frothers

2. Collectors (Promoters)

3. Modifiers

FROTtiERS

In a flotation cell, the production of a persistent froth of desired selectivity is extremely
important. Involving the introduction of small air bubbles into the flotation pulp in the cell, the
requisite frothing action is enhanced by the addition of a specific type of chemical, called a
frother, into the ore pulp. In effect, a frother is a chemical that acts to produce a froth of
satisfactory stability. The frother toughens the bubble wall (which is stabilized further by the
mineral particles adhering to it) and thus prolongs the life of each bubble. A useful frother
creates a froth which survives long enough to permit the removal of its mineral load and yet
breaks down within a reasonable length of time so that a permanent foam is not created.

Although some inorganic substances may cause frothing, the really effective agents are organic
substances. In general, frothing agents have structural formulae that are characterized by the
presence of two constituents having opposite properties: one part of the molecule is nonpolar,
and the other is polar. Typical examples are amyl alcohol, C5H11.OH, cresol. CH3.C6H4.OH, and
toluidine, CH3.C6H4.NH2.

The frothing properties are related to the composition and structure of both parts of the
molecule. Among homologous substances (i e , substances having the same general structure,
and therefore the same polar group, but varying hydrocarbon chains), the frothing ability at the
concentration which yields maximum frothing increases with increase in the length of the
hydrocarbon chain, up to a certain point, but decreases if the length of the chain becomes very
great. This is particularly well shown in the senes of the aliphatic alcohols, in which frothing
increases with increase in the length of the hydrocarbon chain, up to the 7 or 8-carbon-atom
alcohol, but decreases thereafter. Substances having the same polar group and about the same
solubility, but different structure in the nonpolar part of the molecule, have somewhat similar
frothing qualities. Thus, hexyl alcohol, CeHisOH, or heptyl alcohol, C7H15OH, is roughly
equivalent to terpmeol, a cyclic terpene alcohol, C10H17OH.

Frothing can be traced directly to the dual character of frother molecules which have one
water-avid and one water-repellent portion. Both these affinities are satisfied tf the molecules
occur at bubble walls with their polar, hydrated end adhering to the water phase and their
nonpolar end away from it. As a result, frother molecules concentrate at the interface
between the fluid phases of flotation systems. As a result of the addition of a frother, the gas
bubbles formed under the surface of a liquid are partly lined with a monomolecular sheath of
frother molecules. This allows each bubble with its lining to approach other bubbles without
coalescing. To some extent, the effect produced by the addition of a frother is proportional to
the amount of frother. However, past a certain point, the effect of further additions of frother
is less than that of preceding additions. Eventually, the addition of further amounts results in a
decrease of the frothing action, and finally in the total absence of frothing. The point at which
total absence of frothing is obtained corresponds to the saturation by the dissolved substances
of the solutions.

The constituents of frolhers are volatile substances, and many are pleasantly fragrant. They
are in fact found also in the so-called essential oils which are used extensively in perfumery.
Accordingly, a substantial part of the frothers added in flotation operations is volatilized so
that re-use of flotation tailing waters does not necessarily reduce proportionately the
requirement for frothers.

Generally speaking, it is desirable that a frother does not display a significant 'collecting'
ability. However, under some circumstances, a frother with a collecting ability may be used to
advantage.

Water-insoluble, saturated hydrocarbons such as kerosene will not form a suitable froth.
Unsaturated hydrocarbons tend to form a light froth. Organic compounds such as pine oil,
alcohols, phenols, and fatty acids generally form appreciable amounts of relatively stable
froth.

In practice, the most widely used frothers are pine oil, cresylic acid and certain alcohols such
as methyl amyl alcohol. Locally, eucalyptus oil and camphor oil may be used as frothers. A
class of reagents known as froth stiffeners can impart stability to a froth in some
circumstances. Creosotes are typical of these materials.

COLLECTORS fPROMOTERSi

Of flotation agents, the most important are the 'collectors' (sometimes called 'promoters')
which attach themselves to specific normally non-floating minerals thus endowing them with
hydrocarbon-like surfaces and making them capable of adhering to the gas bubbles that are
generated by a flotation cell.

Natural floatability is exhibited by solids that possess an outer surface that is noniomc m
character. For practical purposes, this means a hydrocarbon surface. Collector molecules
should therefore consist, at least in pari, of hydrocarbon or similar groups.

In practice, each collector molecule contains a polar and a non-polar group. When attached to a
mineral particle, these molecules are so oriented that the non-polar or hydrocarbon group is
extended outward. Such orientation results in the formation of a hydrophobic hydrocarbon film
on the mineral surface.

Collectors in use include the following:

Potass
Potass
Potass

Potass
Potassi

Amy! Xanthate

Sec-Amyl Xanthate
ium Ethyl Xanthate

Isopropyl Xanthate

Hexyl Xanthate
Sodium Sec-Butyl Xanthate
Sodium Isobutyl Xanthate
Sodium Isopropyl Xanthate
Sodium Ethyl Xanthate
Sodium Di-Ethyl-Dithiophosphate
Sodium Di-Secondary Butyl Dithiophosphate
Sodium Di-lsopropyl Dithiophosphate
Sodium Di-Amyl Dithiophosphate
Isopropyl Ethylthionocarbamate

MODIFYING (RFGULMING^ AGENTS

Chemical products which are used to modify or control the normal behavior of minerals in a
flotation operation are broadly classed as modifying (regulating) agents. The list of modifying
agents used in flotation is long and varied and generally includes all reagents whose pnnciple
function is neither collecting nor frothing.

Modifying agents can be put into general categories as follows:

a) pH Modifiers

These tend to be bulk chemicals such as sodium hydroxide and sulphuric acid.

b) Activating Agents

This class of reagents is added to a flotation system to permit better collector
attachment to the mineral to be floated. Examples are;

1 ) Copper Sulphate

2) Sodium Sulphide

3) Lead Nitrate

4) Lead Acetate

5) Aluminum Chloride

c) Depressing Agents

Depressing agents assist in the separation of one mineral from another when the
floatabilities of the two minerals to be separated are quite similar for any given
collector or collector combination. Examples are:

1 ) Sodium and Calcium Sulphites and Hyposulphites and Sodium
Hydrosulphite

2) Zinc Sulphate

3) Sodium Silicate

4) Hydrofluoric Acid

5) Sulphur Dioxide

6) Quebracho and Tannic Acids

7) Ferrocyanides

8) Ferricyanides

9 ) Permanganate

10) Chromate

1 1 ) Natural Colloids

d) Dispersants

In sulphide mineral flotation, the separation is ordinarily made in the presence of
slimes (very fine particles). However, for nonsulphide flotation where selectivity
between species must l^e accomplished by subtle means, slime control is almost
always necessary. In some cases (for example, the separation of clay from
quartz), a dispersant can be added to the flotation system to ensure that
coflocculation of the desired mineral and gangue does not occur. Dispersants in use
include:

1 ) Hexametaphosphate

2) Lignin Sulfonates

3) Sodium Silicate

4 ) Tannin

e) Flocculants, Coagulants, Coagulant Aids

A large number of these compounds are used. These compounds are not unique to
the mining industry and are used by most industries in the Province. Examples are:

1) Alum

2) Bentonite Clays

3) Activated Silica

4) Cationic Poly-electrolytes

5) Non-ionic Organic Polymers

It is necessary to note that most flotation chemicals are added in "starvation" quantities to mi
pulps. In general, only a few grams per tonne of ore are added of any particular reagent.
However, some base metal sulphide mills are large and, as a result, on a daily basis, reagent
use can be substantial.

V PROCESS CHEMISTRY

Plants in Group A rely heavily on physical processes to release and concentrate mineral
panicles. Typical operations include crushing, grinding, filtration, clarification and processes
that rely on differences in specific gravity of different mineral panicles. Flotation is a
physico-chemical process that relies on surface effects induced by very small quantities of
organic and inorganic chemicals. On the other hand, gold is often recovered by inducing it to
dissolve in a cyanide solution and uranium is usually recovered by inducing It to dissolve in a
sulphuric acid solution.

With the exceptions of gold and uranium plants, process chemistry within Group A lends to be
simple.

VI WASTEWATER

There are two common sources of wastewater at most Group A plants. They are:

1 ) the mine and its associated facilities and

2) the tailings disposal area and its associated facilities.

THE MINE

Natural surface water percolates into most mine workings at rates which are almost impossible
to predetermine. Ram and snow fall directly into open pits, in most cases, this natural water
comes into intimate contact with any exposed minerals that occur in the orebody or in the
associated waste rock. Obviously, it is somewhat easier to predict the amount of natural
water that will gain access to an open pit than it is to predict the amount of natural water that
will gain access to underground mine workings. In northern Ontario, for instance, we normally
expect that each hectare of land will receive a daily average of over 20,000 litres of water
due to natural precipitation. Of course, we do not know what percentage of this will leave any

particular area as runoff or what percentage of this will evaporate or what percentage will be
retained by the land itself. But it is obvious that a 20 hectare open pit will receive an average
of 20 X 20,000 = 400,000 litres of natural water per day.

In addition to natural water influents, water is pumped underground for mining purposes. In
many cases, this aspect of underground water consumption is quite predictable For instance,
water is used underground for drilling, dust suppression, pumping, cooling and sanitation

The quantity of water used in drilling operations can be predicted with reasonable accuracy on
the basis of such things as manufacturers recommendations.

Drilling time can be computed from the diamond drilling expenence which normally precedes the
exploitation of any orebody. From the exploration drilling and subsequent to the selection of the
mining system it should be possible to forecast the drilling hours required for:

a) development footage

b) slope development footage

c) production drilling footage

Water usage for the purposes of dust suppression can t^e determined on the basis of:

a) the number of rounds taken per day

b) the number of transfer points in the ore transportation system.

c) crushing plant installation and ventilation

d) general allowances for hose clean up and geological examinations, and

e) ventilation humidity requirements.

With regard to pumping, the water requirement relates to gland water and is more or less
directly dependent on the number of pumps being used, the size of the various pumps and the
operating pressure of the pumps.

The amount of (cooling) water used underground for regulating the bearing temperature on
equipment such as crushers, fans and compressors can be accurately predicted on the basis of
manufacturers specifications.

In many instances, a predicible volume of water may be used in mines where underground
sanitary facilities are proviced. This volume of water is more or less directly related to the
number of manshifts in any given period.

Where backfill is used in a mine, water (generally mill water) will be used to convey tailings
from the mill to the underground workings.

In summary, the natural water that percolates into a mine (open pit or underground) and the
water that is deliberately pumped into an open pit or underground for process use comes into
contact with the mineralized rock. This water must be removed from the mine or the mine
would flood. The water is therefore collected in one or more sumps and is pumped to the
surface (or out of the pit). This water, while it is resident in the mine is contaminated by the
mining process itself. It may contain quantities of mine-machinery lubricants, trace quantities
of various explosives, rock-fines, mine-water treatment chemicals, and indeed, traces of all
of the chemical materials that are used in and around a mine. If mill water is used to convey

tailings underground for use as backfill, then the minewater can also become contaminated with
all of the reagents that are used in the mill. Since backfill is not used in open pit operations, the
overall chemical characteristics of minewater from open pit and from underground operations
tend to differ somewhat.

Minewater may be acid due to the decomposition of iron sulphides if they exist in the ore or it
may be quite alkaline.

THE TAILINgg PIgPQgAL AREA

In Ontario, any mill slurry produced by a mine-mill operation must be directed to an engineered
impoundment area called a "tailings area". A common size for these tailings areas in the
Province is from 40 to 120 hectares. Formal tailings areas that cover less than 5 hectares do
exist in Ontario as do major tailings areas that cover more than 500 hectares. Tailings dams in
Ontario are commonly less than 15 metres in height although dams in excess of this height are
known in nearly all of the mining camps.

The decant from the tailings area is normally the largest and most important single wastewater
flow at a mine-mill operation. This wastewater reflects the chemistry of the mill and quite
often the mine and is influenced by practices such as recycling and backfilling. The quality of
the wastewater may be influenced by the spontaneous decomposition of mineral species being
held in the area itself. The chemistry of a tailings area decant will vary from mine to mine and
from mining camp to mining camp. The pH of the untreated effluent, like minewater, may be
acid or alkaline. The untreated effluent may contain suspended solids, residual mine-mill
reagents, heavy metals, ammonia, arsenic and, in the case of nuclear properties may contain
radio-active substances. Wastewater from a tailings area is often returned to a mill for re-
use. Seepage from the bases of dams will be returned to the tailings area or, more commonly,
will be directed to the tailings area treatment system for treatment.

OTTHER SOURCES OF WASTEWATER FOUND IN GROUP A INCLUDE:

RUNOFF

In some cases, inactive tailings areas associated with Group A plants are equipped with
permanent waste treatment facilities that intercept or collect runoff and subject it to
treatment before discharge to the environment. Without exception, this type of runoff
associated with Group A plants is acid runoff caused by the spontaneous decomposition of iron
sulphides found in uranium mine tailings areas. This runoff is characterized by a low pH, a high
sulphates and total dissolved solids content and the presence of various amounts of metals and
radionuclides.

Runoff is collected and directed to a treatment facility at the site that serves either the mine,
the mill or the tailings area. The chemical characteristics of runoff of this nature depends on
the mine-mill processes and the type of ore being handled. Suspended solids and associated
metals are routinely the main problems encountered with this type of waste.

SMELTER-REFINERY EFFLUENTS

Most major smelters and refineries in Group A discharge their wastes to tailings areas
associated with their respective mines and mills. These effluents then become part of the
tailings area decants and are treated as such. However, two plants in the copper, nickel, lead,
zinc category, one plant in the silver category and two plants in the uranium category do
discharge effluents directly to a watercourse. The wastewaters generated by the plants in
each category are different and are related to the unique chemistry or metallurgy of the
processes being used at each plant.

In the Effluent Monitoring Regulation:

Minewater is called "minewater effluent"

Tailings area decant is called "process effluent"

Runoff is called "storm water effluent"

Wastewater from smelters and refineries is called "smelter-refinery effluent"

VII IN-PLANT CONTROLS

In-plant controls are cost-effective methods of limiting the discharge of pollutants through
process modifications, chemical substitution and water reduction and recycling.

Process modifications have included measures to improve the efficiency of mine-mill
operations thereby reducing the amount of pollutants discharged in the wastewaters. Chemical
storage areas are contained and all spills are directed to retention or waste treatment
systems.

Chemical substitution involves the replacement of certain process chemicals known to be toxic
and persistent with chemicals with lower toxicity or greater treatability. This has long been a
practice of the mining industry.

In-plant recycling of wastewaters is common. Recycling of tailings area effluents is common in
the copper, nickel, lead, zinc category and the iron category. Recycling of tailings area decants
in all other categories is practiced to a limited extent or is precluded by metallurgrical
considerations.

VIM WASTEWATER TREATMENT

In most Ontario mining operations, wastewater treatment revolves around pH control and the
control of suspended solids. At many operations, this is all that is required. At some
operations, the pH is in the proper range and control of suspended solids is all that is required.
When ores or wastes are acid-producing, neutralization of effluents is carried out.
Neutralization using lime is common although other bases can and have been used.

Since most tailings areas have calculated retention times in the order of months or years and
since tailings area overflows are commonly baffled to prevent the escape of floating materials
such as oils, some milling reagents and general debris, tailings areas by themselves can have a
significant impact on contained wastes. Processes such as photo-decomposition, aeration,

sedimentation and bio-chemical degradation are all active in a well-designed tailings area.
Where a tailings area alone cannot accomplish required waste treatment, the decant is directed
to downstream polishing ponds where additional treatment is earned out. Many tailings area
effluent volumes are reduced substantially by the practice of wastewater recycle.

Special treatment problems can and do arise in Group A. The gold category uses substantial
amounts of cyanide to win gold from ore. As a result, cyanide treatment is commonly required
within the category. When cyanide complexes are simple, ponding of wastes in contact with the
atmosphere may be all that is required. However, in many cases, treatment of cyanide using
reagents such as hydrogen peroxide, chlorine or sulphur dioxide is required and is carried out.
Acid mine drainage is a common problem within Group A and many neutralization plants have
been put in place to achieve neutral metal-free effluents. Some of these acid flows are
radioactive and control of the radionuclides is carried out. Barium chloride, for instance, is
added to control radium in effluents.

Experience has shown that minewater can be handled in at least one of the following ways;

1 ) The minewater can be directed to the mill for re-use, or

2) The minewater can be directed to the tailings area, or

3) The minewater can be collected and treated by itself.

All three methods of handling minewater have advantages and disadvantages. All three methods
are presently being used in Ontano.

In Ontario, minewater is collected and treated by itself if;

1 ) the mine is located a considerable distance from the mill, or

2) the chemical characteristics of the minev^^ater are such that the water cannot be
used as make-up in the mill circuit, or

3) the mill is operating in closed circuit with its tailings area in order to accomplish a
specific objective.

In Ontario, minewater is directed to a tailings area when:

1 ) a mine is close to its corresponding tailings area, or

2) when the minewater is not acceptable for direct use in the mill circuit, or

3) when separate treatment of the minewater would simply force a total duplication of
the tailings area decant treatment facilities.

In Ontario, minewater is directed to the mill whenever and wherever possible.

In Ontario, the control of seepage from tailings areas is, in a sense, straightforward. In each
case the seepage must be collected. After collection, the seepage can be handled in one (or
more) of three ways;

1 ) The seepage can be treated by itself, or

2) The seepage can be pumped back into the tailings area, or

3) The seepage can be directed to the treatment facility that effects control of the
tailings area decant.

Depending on local circumstances, all three methods of seepage control are used in Ontario.

Many metals found in Group A effluents are present in these effluents in particulate form; that
is, the metals are present as finely divided ore or waste particles. Careful suspended solids
control at most Group A plants will generally result in satisfactory control of metals in
effluents. Where metals actually occur in a dissolved form, careful neutralization and settling
will resolve most problems. Some compounds found in the Sector do not respond well to these
treatment strategies. Chief among these is ammonia which is a common constituent of most
minewater effluents and is frequently detected in decants from tailings areas. Reagent
substitution has been carried out in cases where ammonia itself has been used as a chemical in a
mine or in a mill. However, ammonia In minewater has, as its primary source, the explosives
used to break rock. Aside from good housekeeping practices, treatment strategies for ammonia
control are lacking given the ammonia concentrations and flow volumes involved.

IX THE ONTARIO MINERAL INDUSTRY SECTOR: GROUP A IN ONTARIO

Group A consists of 67 plants which discharge wastewaters to natural watercourses in Ontario.
All but three of these plants are located in northern Ontario. Most of the plants are located in
northeastern Ontario.

Four plants in Group A discharge directly to the Great Lakes. The remainder are either indirect
dischargers to the Great Lakes or are discharged to the Arctic watershed.

X SECTOR OVERVIEW

Because of the large number of plants involved and because of similarities between certain
plants, Group A has been subdivided into six categories. Generic monitoring schedules have
been prepared for each category and, together, these schedules make up Schedules B to G of the
Group A Effluent Monitoring Regulation. The six categories are as follows:

1 . Copper, Nickel, Lead, Zinc Category

Number of Plants; 1 7

Effluent Stream Type

Nvm>wr gf S^nipiinq Point?

Process Effluent
Minewater Effluent
Smelter-Refinery Effluent
Storm Water Effluent

Massive and disseminated sulphides

Common ore minerals: Galena PbS

Sphalerite ZnS

Chalcopyrite CuFeSg

Pentlandite (Ni, Fejg Sg

Common gangue minerals: Pyrite FeSa

Pyrrhotite Fey Sg

Mining Methods:

Open pit and underground; sometimes in combination
Use of backfill common

Milling Methods:

Flotation common; circuits may be complex

Smelting/Refining: Done on the property or concentrates shipped to off-site
smelter or refinery

Waste Treatment: Effluents can be acid; neutralization commonly required
Effluents may contain organic mine-mill reagents
Effluents may contain metals such as copper, nickel and zinc
Large tailings areas common; some in excess of 500 hectares

2. Gold Category

Number of Plants: 3

Effluent Stream Type

Process Effluent
Minewater Effluent
Smelter-Refinery Efflu
Storm Water Effluent

Niimtp^r of Sampling Points

Ore Type:

Largely vein deposits
Some massive deposits

Common ore mineral:
Common gangue minerals:

native gold

quartz

silicates

Arsenopyrite (FeAsS) is present in some deposits

In many cases, gold is intimately associated with sulphide
minerals

Mining Methods:
Milling Methods:

Smelling/Refining:
Waste Treatment:

Usually underground; sometimes open pit
Use of backfill common

Some gravity separation

Cyanidation used by most plants

Merrill-Crow/e process common

Carbon-in-Pulp process used at several plants

Flotation at some plants

Roasting of concentrates at some plants

Production of gold bullion at most plants

Most effluents strongly alkaline to prevent formation of toxic

hydrogen cyanide gas
Cyanide destruction at several plants using techniques that

involve; natural degradation, hydrogen peroxide,

chlorine, or sulphur dioxide
Heavy metals common in untreated effluents
Many tailings areas less than 20 hectares in size; many

tailings areas over 100 hectares in size

3. Iron Category
Number of Plants:

Effluent Stream Type

Process Effluent
Minewater Effluent
Smelter-Refinery Effluent
Storm Water Effluent

Number of Sampling Points

Ore Type:

Two Plants banded iron sediments

Common ore mineral: magnetite

Common gangue mineral: chert

Fe304
SiO,

Qn9 Plant frijisgiye sid^rite

Common ore mineral: siderite FeCQj

Common gangue minerals: quartz Si02

pyrite FeS2

N/lining Methods: Two plants: open pit

One plant: underground

Backfill is not used

Milling Methods: Two plants: magnetic separation and pelletizing flotation

reagent used
One plant: heavy media separation and sintering

Smelting/Refining: One plant: sintering

Waste Treatment: Acid drainage at two plants (requires neutralization)
High degree of recycle at two plants

4. Salt (Sodium Chloride) Category
Number of Plants: 2

Number of Samplini? Points

Process Effluent
Minewater Effluent
Smelter-Refinery Effluent
Storm Water Effluent

Ore Type:

Beds of salt (sodium chloride) associated with some dolomite
and minor quantities of other minerals such as gypsum

Common ore mineral:
Common gangue mineral:

halite

(NaCI)

dolomite

(a calcium-

magnesium

carbonate)

Mining Methods:
Milling Methods:

Smelting/Refinmg:

Waste Treatment:

Sizing and packing

Some salt products made from brine taken from wells with
subsequent evaporation techniques applied

High purity salt is produced by evaporation of brines
recovered from brine wells

Wastewaters contain sodium chloride

Sodium ferrocyanide is added to the main product (rock salt

for road de-icing) at both plants
Sodium ferrocyanide is also added to products other than road

salt on occasion
There are no tailing areas

5. Silver Category

Number of Plants: 2
Effluent Stream Type

Nvmt?9r Qf Sanplinq Pgint§

Process Effluent
Minewater Effluent
Smelter-Refinery Effluent
Storm Water Effluent

Ore Type:

Mining Methods:

Milling Methods:

Commonly vein-type structures

Common ore mineral:
Associated minerals:

Common gangue mineral:

native silver

sulphides and arsenosulphides
of a large number of metals
including cobalt and nickel
calcite (CaCOa)

Underground with some open-cuts
Backfill may or may not be used

Gravity separation
Flotation when needed

Smelting/Refin

Waste Treatment:

Silver produced at one refinery

Tailings areas small

Wastes generally alkaline

Arsenic a component of most waste flows: arsenic i

both suspended and dissolved forms
Effluent volumes are small

6. Uranium Category

Number of Plants: 9

Effluent Stream Type

Process Effluent
Minewater Effluent
Smelter-Refinery Effluent
Storm Water Effluent

Number of Sampling Points

Ore Type: Beds of quartz pebble conglomerate containing uranium

mineralization
Most important gangue mineral is pyrite {FeS2)

Mining Methods: Underground room-and-pillar

Backfill not generally used

Milling Methods: Pulp is treated with sulphuric acid to release uranium

Uranium is recovered using ion-exchange

Smelting/Refining: Concentrated uranium from the mine-mill complexes is

shipped to refineries for production of products such as
UO2

Waste Treatment Acid mine drainage is a common problem in this category due

to the pyrite that is found in the ore
Neutralization plants are common and also serve to control

heavy metals
Most effluents are weakly radio-active and when radium is a

problem, additions of substances such as barium chloride

are necessary
Ammonia is a problem at certain plants in this category

TECHNICAL RATIONALE FOR THE MONITORING REQUIREMENTS

PART II - TECHNICAL RATIONALE FOR THE MONITORING REQUIREMENTS

I INTRODUCTION

The purpose of the technical rationale section is to explain the steps in the development of the
Ontano Mineral Industry Sector: Group A.

The section provides background information on the regulation process, the options considered
in arriving at the specific Ontano Mineral Industry Sector: Group A monitoring approach and
the databases and criteria used for parameter and monitoring frequency selection.

I I DEFINITION OF THE ONTARIO MINERAL INDUSTRY SECTOR:

GROUP A - STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION (SIC) SYSTEM

A simple definition of the Ontario Mineral Industry Sector: Group A is difficult to derive
because of the complexity of the ores being mined, the methods of mining being used,
differences in mill, smelter and refinery flowsheets and differences in the products t>eing
produced.

One approach is to use the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes originally established
in Canada for data gathenng purposes by Statistics Canada. These codes classify
establishments by type of activity and may at best be somewhat arbitrary and perhaps
technically ambiguous.

SIC Codes used in Canada that correspond to the categories that make up Group A are as
follows:

CATtWRY

siccx;

Copper, Lead, Zinc, Nickel

0612,

Gold

0611

Iron

0617

Salt

0625

Silver

0614

Uranium

0616

I I I THE NEED FOR REGULATION

Currently, the Ontario Mineral Industry Sector: Group A plants monitor and report only
certain standard parameters and conventional pollutants under the Ministry of the
Environment's Industrial Monitoring Information System (IMIS).

The reportable data may include effluent flow volumes and certain routine parameters that tend
to reflect the nature of Group A effluents. These parameters may include but are not limited
to: pH, suspended solids, copper, nickel, lead, zinc, arsenic, phosphorus, phenols, oils and

greases, ammonia, other nitrogen compounds (NO2, NO3, TKN) and a vanety of other metals
which depend largely on the type of ore being mined and the nature of the mmeral processing
operations being used.

In the past, many plants in Group A were not reported on IMIS since these plants discharge
their effluents to the Arctic watershed. In the past, the focus of IfvllS has been on those plants
discharging directly or indirectly to the Great Lakes basin. This situation is being corrected.

Site specific monthly average IMIS data are published by the Ministry in its annual report
entitled "Report on the Industrial Direct Discharges in Ontario". The IMIS data are reported to
the Ministry on a voluntary basis.

Requirements for some of the standard parameters and conventional pollutants reported under
IMIS are imposed by Control Orders or Requirements for Direction, Certificates of Approval or
Federal Regulations and Guidelines.

Ministry guidelines are taken from various sources including Provincial Water Quality
Objectives (PWQO) and previously published guidelines for industrial sectors.

The Ministry water management guidelines are summarized in the publication entitled "Water
Management; Goals, Policies. Objectives and Implementation Procedures of the Ministry of the
Environment", referred to as the "Blue Book". Provincial Water Quality Objectives (PWQOs)
are currently available for a total of 74 pollutants including 51 EMPPL substances. It is the
goal of the Ministry to;

establish PWQO or Guidelines for all of the EMPPL substances that possess the
potential for moderate to high aquatic environmental damage;

assemble the available aquatic toxicological and other appropriate information for
the remaining EMPPL substances, and maintain the capability to set Provincial
Water Quality Guidelines for such substances on demand.

There are currently no regulations for specific, toxic and persistent pollutants, generally
termed "priority pollutants" In fact, there exists only a very limited data base on the
concentrations and loadings of these priority pollutants being discharged into Ontario's
watenways. Most Group A plants have virtually no long-term data on the concentration of
these pollutants in their effluents.

Clearly there is a need for a comprehensive long-term data base on the discharges of priority
pollutants from Group A plants. The MISA Effluent Monitoring Regulation for the Ontario
Mineral Industry Sector; Group A will provide this data base.

The effluent limits regulation will be developed for Group A on the basis of the monitoring data
base in conjunction with data on Best Available Technology Economically Achievable (BATEA)
and Ministry water quality objectives. Because most priority pollutants are amenable to
treatment through the use of available technology, the effluent limits regulation will ensure
that any required technology is put in place to virtually eliminate the discharge of toxic
pollutants.

IV THE U.S. EPA EXPERIENCE

The US. EPA has published a Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and
Standards for the Ore Mining and Dressing Point Source Category

Under these guidelines, it has been established that the "Best Available Technology
Economically Achievable (BATEA) for toxic pollutants is the "Best Practicable Technology"
(BPT). BPT facilities consist of a direct discharge point source with end-of-pipe treatment,
consisting of lime precipitation, where needed, and settling.

In developing its effluent limitations guidelines and standards for toxic pollutants, EPA
originally addressed a list of 129 toxic pollutants, referred to as the "priority" pollutants list,
that was developed in the late 1970's. An extensive sampling and analysis program was
undertaken in 1977 to determine the presence and concentrations of the 129 priority pollutants
in the Ore Mining and Dressing point source category for possible regulation. Of the 129 toxic
pollutants studied, 124 were excluded in all subcategories for one of the following reasons;

they were not detected (by analytical methods available)

they were present at levels not treatable by known technologies

they were effectively controlled by technologies upon which other effluent
limitations are based.

The toxic pollutants to be limited by BPT in effluents consist of: cadmium, copper, lead,
mercury, and zinc. Conventional pollutants to be limited by "Best Conventional Pollutant
Control Technology" (BCT) include: Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Hydrogen ion (pH). BCT
replaces BPT for the control of conventional pollutants.

V THE MINISTRY/ONTARIO MINERAL INDUSTRY SECTOR: GROUP A

DIALOGUE

The Ministry adopted an open consultative process with industry in developing the Group A
Effluent Monitoring Regulation. Additional input was available in the Regulation formulating
process through the MISA Advisory Committee (MAC). The MISA Advisory Commi'tee is a
panel of qualified professionals and environmentalists established to provide a third opinion to
the Minister on regulations developed by the joint efforts of industry and the Ministry before
and after they are released for "public" review.

A Joint Technical Committee (JTC) consisting of industry. Environment Canada, The Atomic
Energy Control Board and Ministry representatives served as the means for reaching
consensus. A member of the MISA Advisory Committee also took part in the JTC discussions.

Agreement was reached with industry on principles which were to sei^e as general guidelines
for the monitoring regulation. A multi-discipline group of Ministry/Environment
Canada/Atomic Energy Control Board experts developed the general rationale for the site-
specific monitoring requirements. A joint Government/Industry Regulation Writing team then
produced the Regulation text for review by the JTC.

On the basis of the rationale and the databases available to the Ministry, the category specific
monitonng requirements were drawn up. The specific monitoring requirements were then
reviewed and modified as required.

VI APPROACHES TO MONITORING

The simplest monitonng approach both for implementation and regulation would have been to
have a uniform requirement for all of the 67 plant sites that make up Group A of the Ontario
Mineral Industry Sector, However, some individual plants in Group A employ less than 20
people, some employ several thousand; some plants mine or process less than 300 tonnes of
ore per day, some mine or process more than 10,000 tonnes per day. In addition, large
differences in the types of ore being processed, the methods of mining, milling, smelting and
refining all resulted in the general conclusion that a uniform regulation that would apply to all
sites would be too difficult to achieve and that a regulation that applies to each plant on a site
specific basis would be equally difficult to arrive at and still maintain a sense of "fairness" to
all those being regulated. As a consequence, Group A was divided into six categories and
generic effluent monitonng schedules were prepared for each category.

It is necessary to note that the Ontario Mineral Industry Sector under MISA covers all mining
operations in Ontario and all facilities that are directly associated with Ontario mining
operations. For example, the Sector includes all underground and open pit mining operations, all
primary smelters and refinenes, asphalt plants, brick plants, lime plants, cement plants, pits
and quarries.

Ontario is one of the richest and most complex mining areas in the world. As such, the number
of companies and mineral properties (all called 'plants" in the Effluent Monitoring Regulation)
covered by the Ontario Mineral Industry Sector is large.

Two groups ("A" and "B") operate under the Ontario Mineral Industry Sector. A separate
regulation is being prepared for each group.

All plants in the Ontario Mineral Industry Sector fall into Group A or into Group B. Metal mines
and salt mines are found in Group A. Industrial mineral mines are found in Group B.

Because of the diversity of the Ontario mining industry and the large number of plants involved.
Group A has been suodivided into six very distinct categories as follows:

(1) Copper, Lead, Zinc. Nickel

(2) Gold

(3) Iron

(4) Salt (sodium chloride)

(5) Silver

(6) Uranium

The unique nature of each category is derived from a combir^ation of differences that involve
mineralogy and geology, methods of mining and methods of processing.

All plants and effluents covered under the Effluent Monitoring Regulation are listed in Schedule

All generic effluent monitoring schedules together make up Schedules B to G of the Effluent
Monitoring Regulation.

VII THE EFFLUENT-SPECIFIC MONITORING APPROACH

For each category in Group A, effluent monitoring schedules were developed. Conventional as
well as priority pollutants were assigned for monitoring on the basis of their presence and their
concentrations in the respective site effluents as determined from historical and current
monitoring data available to the Ministry. In addition, supplemental data on raw materials, by-
products and products were also used for parameter assignments. Thus, in keeping with the
diversity of the plants in the sector, the routine monitoring requirements for specific
parameters could be different for each effluent but would reflect the high probability of finding
those parameters In that effluent.

Included in the effluent monitoring schedules were requirements for toxicity testing using both
the fish (Rainbow Trout) and Daohnia magna acute lethality toxicity tests on all discharges from
Group A plants.

VIM PARAMETERS FOR MONITORING

The priority pollutants assigned for monitoring of effluents in Group A were taken directly
from the Ontario Effluent Monitoring Priority Pollutants List (1987) (EMPPL).

The derivation of the EMPPL is fully documented In a Ministry report dated July 1988. The
EMPPL includes chemicals detected in Ontario municipal and industrial effluents and Ontario's
waterways which pose a hazard to the receiving environment because of their toxicity and
persistence. The potential presence of a chemical based on use and manufacturing data could
also have placed it on EMPPL. The EMPPL currently lists 179 chemicals. New chemicals
identified in Ontario effluents and waterways will be assessed under EMPPL criteria and, if
warranted, placed on the EMPPL on an ongoing basis.

The only compounds, chemicals or substances deleted from the EMPPL for the purposes of
Group A monitonng were as follows:

(a) specific conductance (Group 7) - is used as an indicator of dissolved solids

Group A IS monitonng dissolved solids

(b) total alkyl leads (Group 13) - they are not a Group A product and are

not likely to be in effluents

(c) sulphide {Group 15)

in certain Group A categories, metal
sulphides may make up over 50% of the
waste being discharged la a tailings area
in most categories, sulphides are a
component of ores or wastes
Group A is monitoring for both sulphur
and sulphates and metals found as
sulphides in the various ores, as such,
monitoring for sulphide itself is not
necessary

(d) herbicides (Group 21) and

none of theses substances are
manufactured or organochlorine
pesticides (Group 22) used in Group A
plant processes

(e) fatty and resin acids (Group 26)

they are not a Group A product

In addition to chemicals found on the current EMPPL, Group A will be doing open
characterizations on organic and inorganic elements or compounds that lie outside of the EMPPL
and will carry out monitoring for substances that are somewhat specific to Group A. These
include chlorides, cyanates, thiocyanates, iron, uranium and weak acid dissociable cyanides.

IX

DATABASES USED FOR PARAMETER SELECTION

The major source of information on the presence and concentration of conventional and priority
pollutants in Group A effluents was the pre-regulation effluent characterization data. Data
from existing Ministry and industry records were also used. Pre-regulation effluent
characterization was carried out in the 1987 at all major Group A plants that used organic
reagents for process purposes. Two sample runs were made and each featured open
characterization of organic and inorganic components.

Best professional judgement (BPJ) based on knowledge of process chemistry, products, by-
products and raw materials for each category was also important in parameter selection.

X CLASSIFICATION OF EFFLUENTS

Unlike many other sectors, cooling water effluents, in general, are only a minor component of
Group A plant effluents and, as such, are not featured in the Effluent Monitoring Regulation. In
general, cooling water will make up less than 1% of the flow of Group A plant effluents.

All Group A effluents fall into one of the following categories:

(a) Minewater Effluent

Underground and open pit mines may generate an effluent that is called
'minewater effluent". In simple terms, minewater effluent is water that flows
or is pumped from the mine workings. Water gams access to mine workings by
percolating through surrounding rock, by its association with materials that
may be required by the mining process itself and by its deliberate introduction
into the mine for use in the mining process. To prevent the mine workings from
flooding, this water must be removed from the mine. In some cases, this water
is re-used in other processes and is not discharged directly to the environment.
When this cannot be done, this water is treated, if necessary, and then
discharged to the environment.

Process Effluent

Many mining operations generate large amounts of finely divided waste rock
called "tailings". These tailings are routinely transported in the form of a
slurry of solids and water to a storage area called a "tailings area". The solids
settle in the tailings area while the associated liquid in the area is allowed to
leave the area and forms an effluent that is known as a tailings area decant. In
the Effluent Monitoring Regulation, a tailings area decant is called a "process
effluent". A tailings area decant is treated, if necessary, before being
discharged to the environment. In addition, a portion of the decant may be
returned to the plant for re-use. The volume of a tailings area decant is
normally directly related to the amount of water being used in processing at the
plant and the amount of water being recycled. However, this volume can be
augmented by natural precipitation gaining access to the tailings area and by
any natural watercourses gaining access to the tailings area.

Smelter-Refinery Effluent

Most smelters and refineries in Group A discharge their wastes to a tailings
area or to a treatment facility associated with a tailings area. Here, the
smelter-refinery effluents become subject to recycle and all the other
treatment strategies that a tailings area decant may undergo and exit the area
as a "process effluent". As such, the smelter-refinery effluent category is
reserved for those smelter-refinery effluents that are not discharged to a
tailings area or associated treatment facilities but are discharged directly to
the environment with or without treatment.

Storm Water Effluent

Storm water effluents In Group A largely originate on inactive tailings areas
that may cover hundreds of hectares. The effluent volumes are precipitation
driven but can be augmented by natural sources of water such as springs and
streams that may exist in the areas. Because of the large areas that are
normally involved, storm water effluents in Group A tend to be continuous
effluents but this is not always so. In terms of Group A. storm water
effluent is runoff from inactive tailings areas that is collected and, if
necessary, treated before discharge to the environment.

It should be noted that the Effluent Monitonng Regulation covers the effluents from all existing
plants in Group A and the effluents from Ministry of the Environment approved treatment
facilities operating at inactive or abandoned plants in Ontario. The Effluent Monitoring
Regulation, however, does not cover the wery large number of inactive or abandoned plants in
the province that lack treatment facilities or effluent collection strategies. These plants are
not covered by the Effluent Monitoring Regulation for the following reasons:

(1) These properties are not active. They are either inactive or abandoned.
Process effluents, minewater effluents or smelter-refinery effluents
are not being discharged. Storm water effluents, if they exist, are not
being collected or treated. Storm water effluents at these plants are
nonpoint sources.

(2) Many of these properties are in remote locations, access is difficult
and electrical power is usually not available.

(3) The jurisdiction for the reclamation of these properties lies outside of
the Ontario Ministry of the Environment.

XI FLOW MEASUREMENT

Each direct discharger in Group A is required to measure or estimate the flow of each effluent
stream type at the time of sampling and at a location or set of locations representative of the
flow at the sampling point. Methods, devices or calculations for the measurement or estimation
of flow must be capable of accuracy to within plus or minus 20 per cent of the actual flow.

Traditionally, mine effluent limits have been based on concentration which is independent of
flow. Waste loadings of conventional parameters from the industry have routinely been very
low. Environmental problems largely arise because receiving waters in the mining areas are
generally soft and, as such, are quite sensitive to even minor inputs of a variety of substances.
Past emphasis, therefore, has been on concentration rather than flow. This is likely to continue
but the need for accurate measurement of final flow volumes is recognized.

A number of problems with flow measurement do exist for Group A plants. For example, many
final effluent sample points for Group A plants are remote from plant facilities. While some are
located within sight of plant buildings, many are located downstream of tailings areas and may

be several kilometres from the centre of plant activities. Quite often, electrical power is not
available at the site and this makes continuous flow measurement difficult. Because of the
severe weather conditions that may exist at these sites for at least four or five months of the
year, access to the sites may be difficult or dangerous at certain times. Because of the
conditions of extreme cold, continuous flow measurement would require permanent heated
buildings and continuous maintenance of devices such as flumes so that ice build-up would not
influence the accuracy of the readings. Even without continuous measurement of flows, ice
build-up and plugging of devices by debris will be a problem. The activities of beavers will in
many cases cause significant problems.

Since the effluents involved in Group A are generally subjected to long retention times and
since the retention facilities involved routinely cover more than one hundred hectares and
include level control, daily and even significant weekly fluctuations in flow and concentration
are not expected. For these reasons, continuous flow measurement is not required in the
Effluent Monitoring Regulation. Because of the difficulties that Group A plants will encounter
due to remote locations, lack of power, severe weather and problems in keeping measuring
devices free of debris, flow measurement accuracy requirements have been set at plus or
minus 20 per cent.

However, it must be stated that many Group A plants will be installing flow measurement
devices and the accuracy of these devices in most cases will be well within the ±20% accuracy
required. These devices will have to be maintained according to the advice of the
manufacturers of the devices and all reasonable care or maintenance of the various devices will
be required. They will be operated at or near their stated accuracies.

XII PARAMETER/FREQUENCY ASSIGNMENT - GENERAL COMMENTS

Three basic frequencies of routine monitoring are required in the Ontario Mineral industry
Sector: Group A Regulation. They are: 3 times per week, monthly and quarterly.

The Group A Effluent Monitoring Regulation varies from all other sectors in that it involves
generic sampling schedules for the categories that make up Group A. While some of these
categories are small, the most important ("copper, nickel, lead, zinc" and "gold") contain 17
and 38 plants respectively. Since the intent of the regulation is to characterize effluents so
that BATEA can be arrived at for either Group A as a whole or for each category of Group A
individually, it was felt that daily sampling was not required. For example, over the life of the
Regulation, daily sampling for suspended solids in the Gold category would give rise to 365
(days) X 35 (sampling points) = 12,775 results. Since suspended solids is a conventional
parameter that has been sampled at Group A type plants for decades, there is no need for this
frequency of data. At three times per week, 5,460 results will be generated that will be
applicable to the Gold category alone. In addition, the lack of chemical and flow variability on a
daily or even weekly basis that tends to characterize Group A effluents supports the utilization
of three times per week sampling as opposed to daily sampling.

In Ontario, two of the most important environmental control parameters used in mining are
suspended solids and pH. Metals such as copper, nickel, lead and zinc are also important as is
arsenic. Other frequently used parameters include oils and greases, phenols, ammonia, cyanide
and phosphorus. These parameters may figure prominently in the Effluent Monitoring
Regulation.

In general, parameters that will or mav be carried over to become pari of a future "limits"
regulation based on best available technology economically achievable (BATEA) are sampled on
a thrice weekly basis. This gives rise to 12 data points per month and permits the calculation
of statistically valid monthly loadings. Parameters that are sampled on a monthly basis may be
carried over to become part of the future "limits" regulation referred to above. Sampling on a
monthly basis gives rise to 12 data points per year and permits the calculation of statistically
valid yearly loadings. All other parameters are to be sampled on a quarterly basis to ensure
that the chemical nature of each effluent has been documented. The quarterly samples will also
ensure that any seasonal changes in the effluents that may occur will be documented. Since a
number of sampling points exist in each category of Group A, the detailed quarterly sampling
that is required will give rise to enough analytical data to permit an adequate definition of the
chemical nature of the effluents that are generated by each category. Any unusual, unexpected
or abnormal results generated by the quarterly sampling will be subject to further
investigation.

The Group A regulation also includes requirements for monitoring substances that are
somewhat specific to the industry. These substances include cyanates, weak acid dissociable
cyanides, chlorides and uranium.

In general, parameters assigned for sampling on a three times per week or monthly basis, are
those parameters that have historically been subject to control either at provincial or federal
levels. These parameters include pH, suspended solids, copper, nickel, lead, zinc, arsenic,
phosphorus, phenols, oils and greases, ammonia and related nitrogen compounds. Using existing
data bases and best professional judgement at the JTC level, the frequency of monitoring for
certain or unusual parameters was adjusted on a category basis and, on occasion, on a site
specific basis. Parameters being sampled on a quarterly basis are basically the EfvlPPL
parameters augmented by organic and inorganic characterizations and toxicity requirements.

The necessity for three times per week or monthly monitoring of certain routine parameters is
as follows:

a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration;

a fundamental parameter which indicates the acidity level in an
effluent;

pH and pH changes may alter the toxicity of many materials to aquatic
life;

pH impacts the availability of nutrients for plants,

low and high pH values cause corrosion and may make soluble metals
dissolve from sludges and bottom sediments;

PWQO require pH to fall within the range of 6,5 - 9.5 (receiving
waters).

Total Suspended Solids (TSS)

gross measure of suspended material including volatile suspended solids
(organic) and inorganic materials;

organic fractions may include grease, oils, fibres, microorganisms and
dispersed insoluble organic compounds;

inorganic materials include sand, silt, clay and insoluble metal
compounfls;

measure of the effectiveness of treatment system separation
equipment;

may be a substrate for toxic contaminants which can leach out in

may increase turbidity of water reducing recreational value;
may impair photosynthetic activity of aquatic plants;

can form sludge banks on settling leading to localized anaerobic
conditions;

lay kill fish by clogging gills.

Ammonia plus Ammonium (Total ammonia)

a measure of both ionized and un-ionized ammonia in effluents;

ammonia is toxic to fish at levels above 0.02 mg/L (un-ionized);

the concentration of ammonia in its un-ionized state varies with pH and
temperature;

MOE recommends 0.5 mg/L NH3 (total) as the upper limit for raw water
supplies and 0.02 mg/L of un-ionized NH3 for the protection of
aquatic life.

Tolal Kieidahl Nurooen (TKNl

a measure of both organic nitrogen and total ammonia;

may present an oxygen demand on the receiving water through
nitrification:

potential nutrient leading to growth of undesirable aquatic plants.

measures total oxidized nitrogen (nitrate + nitrite);

fvlinistry drinking water objectives limit NO3 + NO2 to 10 mg/L;

levels of NO3 above 10 mg/L in drinking water can impact hemoglobin 1
children leading to infantile methemoglobinemia.

Total Phosphorus (Total P)

nutrient which may lead to growth of undesirable aquatic plants;

phosphorus discharges to the Great Lakes are identified as a concern in
the Canada-U.S. Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement.

Phenolics (4AAPi

the 4-amino antipyrine (4AAP) method m.easures total phenolics;

tend to be ubiquitous contaminants and are thus good indicators of
pollution severity;

can be general indicators of treatment;

can taint fish flesh at levels as low as 1 ^lg/L.

Oil & Grease fSolvent Extractables)

measure of the gross hydrocarbon that could produce a visible film,
sheen or discolouration on the surface of a watercourse;

substances measured may include hydrocarbons, fatty acids, soaps,
fats, oils and waxes;

measure of groups of substances whose common characteristics is
their solubility in Freon TM or hexane;

can cause tainting of edible aquatic organisms;

can cause odour and taste problems in drinking water;

may form deposits on shorelines and bottom sediments;

oil slicks prevent the full aesthetic enjoyment of water;

can be a carrier for other toxic contaminants;

fish and water fowl are adversely affected by oils;

crude oil at 0 3 mg/L can be toxic to freshwater fish.

uptake can occur in plants and animals;

toxicity effects can be seen at low concentrations in soft waters;

can exhibit toxicity to humans;

sublethal effects have been documented.

XIII PARAMETER/FREQUENCY ASSIGNMENT - SPECIFIC COMMENTS

The following parameters are to be run on all quarterly samples taken from all effluent
sampling points:

(1) (see Ontario Regulation 695/88 - Schedule 1)

All parameters in Analytical Test Groups 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 23
and 24.

(2) (see Ontario Regulation 695/88 - Schedule 1)
Analytical Test Groups 28a and 28b

An open characterization for organics that lie outside of the Analytical
Test Groups in (1) above with limits of quantification set at 10 parts
per billion (ppb) relative to the internal standard specified in Schedule
3, Part C of the General Effluent Monitoring Regulation. Any compound
at or above this value must be identified and quantified.

(3) (see Ontario Regulation 695/88 - Schedule 1)

All parameters in Analytical Test Groups 1 to 12 inclusive, 14, 25 and

(4) (see Ontario Regulation 695/88 - Schedule 1)

All parameters in Analytical Test Group 29. The limit of quantification
for all parameters in Analytical Test Group 29 is set at 50 ppb.

(5) Toxicity Tests:

1 Fish Toxicity Test

1 Daphnia magna Acute Lethality Test

(6) PCBs

(see Ontario Regulation 695/88 - Schedule 1 - Analytical Test Group

27)

This applies only to those plants that use PCBs in electrical equipment

or store PCBs.

(7) Dioxins

One analysis for dioxins (see Ontario Regulation 695/88 - Schedule 1 -
Analytical Test Group 24) must be carried out during the life of the
monitoring regulation. If this was done at a particular sampling point
during the effluent pre-charactenzation study, it need not be repeated.

The frequency assignment of conventional parameters is given for all six categories in
Schedules B to G of the Sectoral Effluent Monitoring Regulation.

XIV VARIABILITY OF GROUP A EFFLUENT FLOWS AND CHEMISTRY

Tailings areas vary in size from a few hectares to hundreds of hectares. As a result, wastes
are retained within these areas for varying lengths of time. Since the surface area and
average depth of a tailings area can be determined at any time and since the volume of wastes
being discharged to an area is known along with other factors such as the volume of
precipitation that the area is receiving, a calculated retention time can be determined for an
area. In general, most tailings areas in Ontario have calculated retention times in excess of 30
days. Calculated retention times of several months are common and a few tailings areas have
calculated retention times measured in years.

The Ontario Mineral Industry: Group A Effluent Monitoring Regulation is based on "calculated
retention times" instead of "actual" retention times. "Actual" retention times for most tailings
areas are difficult to determine. With such long retention times existing, dyes or chemicals
that might be added to a tailings area influent to determine an "actual" retention time tend to
degrade within the area itself and may not give consistent or rel!.T-3le results. Because of the
large number of chemical and physical processes that go on in a tailings area, significant
amounts of radioactive tracers would have to be added to a non-radioactive tailings area
influent in an attempt to achieve the same goal. The addition of radioactive materials to a non-
radioactive tailings area on a recurring basis in an attempt to determine an "actual" retention
time is not warranted.

Retention times are a function of both the size and method of operation of a tailings area. It is
possible for a large tailings area to have a short calculated retention time and vice versa.

Since a tailings area normally provides a long retention period for any wastes being fed to it,
mixing of wastes is enhanced and decant chemistry tends to remain stable over long periods of
time. Wastes held for extended periods within a tailings area are subject to a number of
physical, biological and chemical processes that act to reduce the impact of the waste on the
environment and, in some cases, retention within a tailings area over a period of time has been
sufficient to meet current regulatory requirements. Monthly and more particularly seasonal
variations in tailings area effluent chemistry have been noted. These are largely due to the
seasonal variations in the amounts of sunlight received, the differences in temperatures and the
rates and type of precipitation received at any particular site since plant operations tend to be
stable. Variations in effluent quality on a daily basis are generally insignificant. As a result,
daily samples are not being required in the Effluent Monitoring Regulation, In addition, because
of the low variability of the chemistry in tailings area decants, representative grab samples
are optional when taking samples on a thrice weekly or monthly basis provided that the tailings
area in question provides at least 30 days calculated retention time for wastes.

Minewater does vary in quality and quantity from one mine to another but, at any individual
mine, minewater quantity and quality tends to remain stable over long periods of time. In some
cases, minewater is pumped continuously from the mine workings but, in most cases, mine
pumps cycle on and off on a more or less regular basis. Mine workings can extend for more
than one hundred kilometres underground and minewater from these vast areas flows slowly
into common underground sumps from which it is pumped to the surface. Natural precipitation
on surface will only slowly make its way into mine workings in most cases. Weeks, months or
years may be required for this to happen. Also, mining methods being used at any particular
mine will change only slowly. As a result of all of the foregoing, minewater tends to be only
slowly variable in quantity and quality. Because of this limited variability, the Sector Effluent

Monitoring Regulation permits grab samples to be taken when thrice weekly or monthly samples
are being collected provided that the minewater has been retained for at least 5 days.

Grab samples are also optional on smelter-refinery effluents for samples that are required on a
thrice weekly or monthly basis provided that the waste has been subjected to 5 days retention.
Again, the general lack of variability of effluent chemistry on a daily basis is the reason for
this action. It should be kept in mind that most Group A smelters and refineries discharge their
wastes to tailings areas and do not discharge their wastes directly to the environment.

Grab samples are permitted on all samples taken of storm water effluent. For the most part,
storm water effluents covered by the Sector Effluent Monitoring Regulation are generated as
the result of runoff from inactive mining sites. Hundreds of hectares of land are normally
involved. Since effluents tend to be continuous, sampling will routinely be earned out on a
monthly basis. However, during periods of hot or dry weather in the summer and periods of
extremely cold weather in the winter, effluent volumes may be diminished or absent. Since
adequate effluent volumes cannot be guaranteed for composite sampling at all times and since
the chemistry of the runoff tends to be stable for long periods of time, grab samples are
permitted. Minor storm events do not have much impact on an inactive tailings area since the
tailings surface tends to absorb the precipitation resulting from most routine events. This
precipitation is released slowly and forms, in part, the continuous effluent from the area.

Since most Group A plants have been set up in a manner that directs effluents to common
treatment sites, "storm water effluents" originating at parking lots or facilities such as
concentrate loading areas are rare. When they do exist, they are subject to all of the
provisions of the General Effluent Monitoring Regulation that apply to "storm water effluents".

XV SUMMARY: TYPE OF SAMPLES PERMITTED

Grab samples are permitted as follows providing that the effluent, prior to sampling, has been
retained for at least the prescribed calculated period of time

Effluent Stream Type Required Calculated Retention Time

Process Effluent 30 days

Minewater Effluent 5 days

Smelter-Refinery Effluent 5 days

Storm Water Effluent 0 days

The above grab samples are permitted only for samples that are being taken on a thrice weekly
or monthly basis. Composite samples are required in all other cases and for all samples being
taken on a quarterly basis. One exception to this rule is storm water effluent. Grab samples
are permitted for all types of storm water samples.

XVI ROUTINE MONITORING AND CHARACTERIZATION

Routine monitoring for the Ontario Mineral Industry Sector; Group A consists of a nunnber of
conventional parameters that are standard to the industry (on Provincial and Federal levels).
These parameters are run on a thrice weekly or monthly basis. Characterization (also referred
to as "closed characterization") is run on a quarterly basis and consists of the complete EMPPL
with the few exceptions outlined in Part II, Section VIII.

From the statistical data shown in Table 1, it is c'^ar that for a given parameter that is present
50% of the time or greater in an effluent, the pre -ability of finding the contaminant is very
high and virtually the same whether eleven samples (99.9% probability) or four samples
(93.7% probability) are taken.

For a given parameter that is present infrequently such as 2% of the time, characterizing
eleven samples provides only a 19.9% chance of delecting the parameter. Nine samples would
provide only a slightly reduced probability of 16.6%. The biggest unknown in attempting to
determine the appropriate characterization frequency is the a priori probability of a
parameter's presence in an effluent.

By dividing Group A into six categories that shared similarities, by recognizing the lack of
Group A's flow and parameter variability, by recognizing the fact that the generic approach in
monitoring that has been taken on a category level will lead to a large amount of data that is
common to a category and can be shared by a category, the costs of characterization were
reduced without a significant sacnfice in technical data.

Because of the costs associated with the analysis of PCBs and dioxins, PCBs are to be run
quarterly only at those plants that use or store PCBs. Because there is no reason to suspect
that dioxins would be present in any Group A plant effluent, dioxins will only be run once at
Group A plants. If dioxin has already t>een run at a Group A plant dunng the pre-
charactenzation program, it need not be repeated.

XVII OPEN CHARACTERIZATION

It is the intention of the Ministry to identify as many compounds as possible that can be
extracted (or purged) from samples taken on a quarterly basis. Termed "open
characterization", a limit of quantification for this work has been set as close to 10 ppb as
possible on a sample to sample basis.

Open characterization will provide tentative identification of both organic compounds and
elements that are currently not on EMPPL. Use is made of gas chromatography/mass
spectrometry (GC/MS) and inductively coupled plasma procedures or atomic emission
spectroscopy to obtain the data.

Open characterization will be used to provide compounds for hazard assessment for potential
addition to the EMPPL. In this way, open characterization when combined with characterization
data will provide a more relevant parameter list for future monitoring and control. The 1987
EMPPL does not cover all of the compounds that could be discharged from the Group A plants
because of the current lack of valid monitonng data to indicate the presence of compounds.

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The relatively modest incremental cost of running open characterization in conjunction with
characterization analysis and large pay back in data produced is a strong justification for
coupling open scans with Group A characterization requirements.

The detection limit achievable for open characterization of organic compounds will depend upon
the sample size, concentration factor, efficiency of extraction from the original matrix,
GC/MS conditions, overall complexity of the sample, degree of chromatographic resolution
from other co-extractives and the mass spectral characteristics of specific compounds. In
some cases, compounds extracted from a 1.0 L sample may be identifiable at concentrations as
low as 1 - 5 parts per billion (ppb). In other cases, identification may require concentrations
of components to be 50 ppb or greater. In the majority of the cases, 10-20 ppb
concentrations should be detectable.

The protocols and procedures for analysis of the samples for open characterization will be
published in a document produced by the Ministry's Laboratory Services Branch This document
will be available prior to this regulation coming into force. Chemica Abstract Service (CAS)
numbers should be provided for all compounds identified under open characterization.

In addition. Analytical Test Group 29 outlines the parameters that constitute an open
characterization for elements. Required limits of quantification here are 50 ppb.

The Ontario Mineral Industry Sector. Group A will perform open characterizations for organics
and elements on all effluents on a quarterly basis. ("Quarterly" means on the same sample
taken for quarterly characterization.)

XVIII TOXICITY TESTING

Toxicity testing requirements for Group A consist of both the fish toxicity test (Rainbow Trout
Acute Lethality Test) and the Daphnia mayna Acute Lethality Test as outlined in the published
protocols entitled:

"Protocol to Determine the Acute Lethality of Liquid Effluents to Fish";

"Daphnia magna Acute Lethality Toxicity Test Protocol".

Both tests are to be run quarterly on all Group A effluents.

Since it is essential to protect all forms of aquatic life, it is critical that the impact of various
effluents be assessed on as many different types of aquatic organisms as is practical.

The Ministry has reviewed both Daphnia magna and rainbow trout test results on the same
samples and concluded that Daphnia magna and trout differ in their sensitivity to some effluents
and thus the addition of the Daphnia magna test will provide valuable additional information.

pH adjustment will not be allowed on samples collected for the Group A Regulation for the
following reasons:

the Ministry needs to establish the actual toxicity level of the final
discharges in the from of LC50 values to assist in future toxicity limit
setting. The LC50 limits to be set will be based on those limits
achievable using BATEA. The toxicity data will assist in defining the
limit;

pH adjustment simulates no condition that actually occurs in the
environment;

adjustment of pH may have an impact on modifying the toxicity of other
compounds in the sample.

Final discharges with pH outside the Ministry guidelines of 6.5 to 9.5 will be tested using both
the rainbow trout and the Daohnia magna toxicity tests without pH adjustment. While the
undiluted effluent may be predictably lethal primarily due to pH alone, the series of dilutions
required under the tests will isolate the pH effect and allow the calculation of an LC50 value.

Companies may, on a voluntary basis, where the pH is outside the range of the Ministry
guidelines, perform toxicity tests on pH adjusted effluents m parallel with those on unadjusted
effluents. Submission of data on pH adjusted samples will be voluntary and will be used by the
Ministry for comparison with the pH unadjusted sample results.

Use Qf Full DiluliQn Sengs vs. Fi^ll ?trgriqth (Pa?s/Faii) T9?l?

Pass/fail tests produce non-quantitative results. For some plants, it may not be possible for
available technology to achieve an LC50 of 100%. Thus, doing full dilution series to determine
an LC50 on an effluent will allow the option of selection a technically sound final toxicity
criteria instead of using only pass/fail.

For effluent samples that are non-lethal at full strength, additional Information is rarely
obtained from the dilutions in a full senes LC50. However, the non-lethality of the sample is
never known with 100% certainty in advance of starting the test.

If a pass/fail test fails, there are only two ways of obtaining an LC50 value. First, the full
series LC50 test could be performed on the same sample after the pass/fail test is complete.
This would be unsatisfactory because, given that 96 hours is the minimum time necessary to
provide a measure of acute lethality for trout, by the time the series dilutions were started the
sample would be at least 4 - 6 days old. This is unacceptably long for a perishable sample.

Collecting a totally new sample for the LC50 series after the original sample has failed a
pass/fail test is also unacceptable because it will be collected at an entirely different time.

XIX QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL

Quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) encompasses all of the procedures undertaken to
ensure that data produced are generated within known probability limits of accuracy and
precision.

Quality assurance is the overall verification program which provides producers and users of
data the assurance that predefined standards of quality at predetermined levels of confidence
are met. Quality assurance is comprised of two elements: quality control and quality
assessment.

Quality control is the overall system of guidelines, procedures and practices which are
designed to regulate and control the quality of products or services with regards to previously
established performance criteria and standards.

Quality assessment is the overall system of activities which ensure that quality control is
being performed effectively. This is carried out immediately following quality control and
involves evaluation and auditing of quality control data to ensure the success of the quality
control program.

QA/QC is one of the most important aspects of the MISA monitoring regulations. The QA/QC
program includes many small but essential activities ranging from proving the cleanliness of
sample bottles, using proper sampling equipment, containers and preservatives to instrument
calibration: validation of authenticity of standards, inclusion of blanks, spikes and controls in
analytical runs to documenting performance; participation in external round-robins to defining
the proper method for reporting a final data number. Omission of one of these activities can
lead to unreliable data resulting in improper conclusions and perhaps inappropriate actions.

The financial stakes riding on the monitoring regulation data are too high to compromise the
generated date with inadequate Q/VQC.

XX ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE REGULATION

Mining is a major contributor to employment and income in Ontario's north. Nearly all of the
metal mines which are subject to the IvIISA monitoring regulation are located on the Canadian
shield. The two salt mines are located in Southwestern Ontario where sedimentary rocks
contain large salt deposits from prehistoric seas.

The value of all mineral production in the province was $5.6 billion in 1987. Employment in the
SIX mining categories totalled approximately 28,000 with the majority of jobs being located in
northern Ontario (A.R.A., 1988).

Each mining category serves different markets with different economic characteristics which
makes comparisons among categories difficult. The salt industry in particular is substantially
different from metal markets so that the implications of monitoring costs for the two salt
mines were examined separately from the metal mines.

The Ontario mining industry is dynamic. Mines change ownerships, new mines are opened while
others become inactive or are mothballed. Consequently, the list of mines which is subject to

the regulation has been altered since the public review period to reflect these changes. Details
of these changes are presented in Part IX.

The number of mines subject to the MISA Monitoring Regulation has dropped from 92 to 67,
with 13 mines designated as exploration and development properties The cost estimates
presented here reflect these changes and are not directly comparable with those presented in
previous drafts of this report.

Exploration or development plants are required to report only monitoring of data that are
currently required by the Ministry. Therefore, significant financial outlay will not be required
by these mines, and cost estimates were not derived for these properties. Because the silver
category now consists of exploration or development plants, for the purposes of cost
estimation, the silver category was excluded.

Capital and operating costs were estimated for five monitoring activities for each of the five
commodity-specific categories and then for each mine location. Monitoring activities for which
costs are estimated include sampling, flow measurement, characterization and routine
analyses, toxicity testing and reporting.

Costs of characterization, routine and toxicity testing were estimated by assuming that all
tests would be carried out at a commercial lab in Toronto. This procedure permits the costs of
analyses for each mine to be compared and aggregated. No capital expenses were associated
with analysis costs.

Capital investments would be required to install flow measurement equipment at each mine site
and to purchase computers and software to store and manipulate monitoring data. Additional
labour would be required to maintain flow measurement equipment, to collect samples and to
record data over the 12 month period of the regulation. Maintenance of flow measurement
installations were seen to be especially problematic because of weather conditions.

Estimates of flow measurement, sampling and reporting resource requirements and cost
estimates were provided by the Ontario Mining Association Details and supporting
documentation of these costs and their implications are found in "Monitoring Costs and their
Implications for Direct Dischargers in the Ontario Mineral Group A Sector Final Report" (Policy
and Planning Branch, MOE 1989).

Ontario Mining Association representatives pointed out that some mines may contract sampling
activities to consultants. Therefore, costs were estimated for one scenario in which all metal
mines contracted sampling to consultants and for another scenario in which all metal mining
operations conducted sampling with their own staff.

Flow measurement is another activity about which there are substantial uncertainties.
Installation costs of flow measurement devices were found to range from $20,000 to $70,000
per installation depending on sites. Therefore, total capital costs for flow measurement
installations could vary by 3 5 times.

As shown in Table 2, average incremental operating and capital costs of monitoring are
estimated to total $13.1 million under the scenario in which mine employees do their own
sampling. If consultants are hired to collect samples, costs could total as much as $18.0
million. Operating costs attributable to consultant sampling would be over three times that if

mine employees conducted their
$240,000 to $333,000.

1 sampling. The average total cost per mine ranges from

ESTIMATES OF THE AVERAGE INCREMENTAL

OPERATING AND CAPITAL COSTS BY MONITORING ACTIVITY

($ Millions)

ACTIVITY

Sampling (including transportation)

Flow measurement

Chemical Analyses

Toxicity Testing

Reporting (including initial report)
SUBTOTAL

MINE SAMPLING
Capital Operating

CONSULTANT SAMPLING
Capital Operating

GRAND TOTAL*

* Totals may not add up due to rounding

3.8

3.8

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3.9

14.1

Capital costs vary marginally between the two scenarios, from $3.9 million under consultant
sampling to $4.4 million under mine sampling.

Flow measurement devices account for approximately 53% of the total
costs, sampling requirements account for 35% and reporting accounts
for the remaining 12%.

Operating costs over the 12 month period are estimated to range from $8.7 million under the
mine sampling scenario to $14.1 million if consultants undertake sampling.

Routine monitoring costs were estimated for an alternative scenario in which all mines tested
for the same parameters and at the same frequency. This would result in a cost of $5.0 million
as opposed to $2.8 million under the proposed requirements. This difference of $2.3 million is
a measure of the cost-effectiveness of adopting the category and stream-specific approach.

Monitoring costs incurred by the firms under the MISA regulations will increase operating
expenses and, unless there is some offsetting increase in productivity associated with
wastestream monitoring, profits to the firms and returns on particular plant will be reduced.

Economic effects of the monitoring costs on the industry, and on those firms for which financial
data are available, were examined.

The approach taken In this analysis is to estimate how the appropnate incremental monitoring
costs would affect historic after-tax profits, capital expenditures, the return on total assets,
and the return on capital employed by each firm. The analysis will show how the monitoring
costs would have changed each firm's performance measures if they had been incurred during
the worst year, the best year, and an average year over the period of 1981 - 1987 for which
relevant data are available.

Financial data was available for 17 firms which account for 45 of the 67 mines.

Table 3 summarizes the impacts of monitoring costs on capital expenditures and after-tax
profits. For all but 2 companies, monitoring capital costs represent less than 2% of average
annual capital expenditures over the period. Monitoring costs would have ranged from .1% to
54% of annual capital expenditures when expenditures were at their lowest.

IMPACT OF MONITORING COSTS ON CAPITAL EXPENDITURES AND AFTER-TAX

PROFITS FOR THE PERIOD 1983 - 1987

(Percentages)

Firm Capital Expenditures'* After-tax Profits'*

Low High Average Low High Average

Algoma Steel Corp. 0.1 0.4 0.1 -0.2 0.5 -0.4

American Barrick Resources Corp. 0.6 0.1 0.2 -1.2 1.1 -40.5

Canadian Salt Company" 3.1 1.9 2.5 2.1 1.8 1.9

Canamax Resources inc. 53.8 0 9 1.7 -76 4 -5.0 -9.6

Denison Mines Ltd. 0 6 0.1 0.2 1.8 0 5 2.5

Dickenson N/A N/A N/A 158 4.2 7.1

Domtar Inc. (Sifto)*** 0 18 0 07 0.11 0.51 0.2 0.3

Falconbndge Ltd. 2.5 0.6 1.0 -26.7 1.1 1.8

Giant Yellowknife Mines Ltd. 24.3 0.6 2.3 41.0 6 3 13.9

inco Ltd. 0 6 0 4 0.5 * 1 .9 -8 8

Lac Minerals Ltd. 0.3 0.1 0.2 -2.6 1.4 3.2

Minnova Inc. 1.0 0.2 0.4 * 5 8 15 0

Muscocho Explorations Ltd. 9 3 6.7 N/A

Noranda Inc. 0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.1 1.4

Placer Dome Inc. 0 4 0 2 0.3 4.2 0.8 1.8

Rio Algom Ltd. 0 8 0.1 0.3 2.2 1.2 1.5

St. Andrews Goldfields Ltd. 18 0.0 0.6 * 57.0

* Figures are greater than 100%

*' The highest monitoring costs were used in the calculation

**• Data was only available from 1983-1985

The impact of monitoring operating costs on after-tax profits vanes substantially among
individual companies. For 9 companies, monitoring represented less than 4% of average annual
after-tax profits for the period. For companies which incurred either very small losses or
profits during the period, monitoring costs had the largest impact and represented over 100%
of after-tax earnings. This is the case for 2 gold mining operations and 2 base metal
producers. Several companies, particularly gold mining operations experienced losses in 1987
and in previous years. Monitoring operating costs would have increased these losses. Several
of these companies are in the process of bringing mines into operation in the upcoming years
and therefore it is reasonable to expect that their financial situation will improve.

For the remaining 4 companies, monitoring operating costs would have accounted for between
9.6% and 40.5% of average annual after-tax profits.

Monitoring operating costs decreased on average both the rate of return on capital employed
ratio and the return on assets by less than 1% for 13 of the 17 firms evaluated. For the other
4 firms, monitoring operating costs caused the return on capital employed ratio to decline by
less than 3%. This indicates that the monitoring costs would have little impact on the firm's
long term investment decisions.

Potential benefits to the firms of the monitoring regulation include gains in productivity by
improving processes, reduction in raw material losses in wastewater, and goodwill gained by
demonstrating to the public that they are responding to environmental problems.

The monitoring regulations may have a positive temporary impact on employment, in Northern
Ontario, creating up to 52 new jobs. There will be an increased demand for laboratory
services as a result of the monitoring regulation which could stimulate expansion of existing
laboratory facilities in Thunder Bay, Ontario. Flow measurement and sampling equipment
companies could also face increased demand. The monitoring database will be available to
design cost-effective control programs aimed at eliminating toxic contamination where it
occurs.

XXI REFERENCES

(1) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Development Document for the Effluent
Limitations and Guidelines for the Ore Mining and Dressing Point Source Category.
Volumes I and II". Washington D.C.. July 1978.

(2) Ontario Ministry of the Environment. "1986 Report on the Industrial Direct Discharges
in Ontario", October 1987.

(3) Ontario Ministry of the Environment, "Water Management: Goals, Policies, Objectives
and Implementation Procedures of the Ministry of the Environment", November 1978
(Revised May 1984).

(4) Ontario Ministry of the Environment, "Protocol to Determine the Acute Lethality of
Liquid Effluents to Fish", July 1983.

(5) Ontario Ministry of the Environment, "Daphnia magna Acute Lethality Toxicity Test",
April 1988.

(6) Ontario Ministry of the Environment, "The Effluent Monitoring Priority Pollutants List
(1987)", July 1988.

(7) Ontario Ministry of the Environment, "The Problem of Acid Mine Drainage in the
Province of Ontario". 1977.

(8) Ontario Ministry of the Environment. "The Chemical Characteristics of Mineral Tailings
in the Province of Ontario". 1979.

(9) Ontario Ministry of the Environment, "Mine Waste Control", 1977.

(10) Ontario Ministry of the Environment, "The Physical, Chemical and Radiological
Characteristics of the Surface Layers of Ontario Uranium Tailings Deposits", 1982.

(11) Ontario Ministry of the Environment. "The Use. Characteristics and Toxicity of Mine-
Mill Reagents in the Province of Ontario". 1977.

(12) Ontario Ministry of the Environment. "Levels of Metals and Non-Metals in Vegetation
Growing on Deposits of Mineral Tailings in the Province of Ontario", 1984.

(13) Ontaho Ministry of the Environment. "Rationale for the Establishment of Ontario's
Provincial Water Quality Objectives". 1979.

(14) ARA, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, "Industry Profile: The Metal Mining and
Refining Sector in Ontario". 1988.

PART III
REGULATION MADE UNDER THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

EFFLUENT MONITORING - ONTARIO MINERAL INDUSTRY
SECTOR:

GROUP A
ONTARIO REGULATION 491/89

REGULATION MADE UNDER THE
ENVIRON-MENTAL PROTECTION ACT

EFFLUENT MONITORING - ONTARIO MINERAL INDUSTRY SECTOR: GROUP A

Definitions

l.-(l) In this Regulation,

"final treatment" means the last treatment of an effluent before
that effluent is discharged to a surface watercourse;

"General Effluent Monitoring Regulation" means Ontario Regulation
695/88;

"grab sample" means a volume of effluent of at least 100

millilitres that is collected over a period not exceeding
one hour and immediately transferred to the appropriate
laboratory sample container as set out in Column 2 of
Schedule 2 to the General Effluent Monitoring Regulation and
in Column 2 of Schedule H to this Regulation;

"Group A" means the plants listed in Schedule A;

"minewater effluent" means effluent from a mine, pit or quarry;

"minewater effluent sampling point" means a location in a
minewater effluent stream situated,

(a) before the place of discharge to a surface watercourse,

(b) after any final treatment, and

(c) upstream of any significant contaminant masking or
significant dilution from any other effluent stream;

"minewater effluent stream" means minewater effluent that flows
through an open or closed channel;

"process effluent" means effluent from an active tailings area or
from a treatment facility associated with an active tailings
area;

"smelter-refinery effluent" means effluent from a smelter, a
refinery or both ;

"smelter-refinery effluent sampling point" means a location in a
smelter-refinery effluent str'eam situated,

(a) before the place of discharge to a surface watercourse,

(b) after any final treatment, and

(c) upstream of any significant contaminant masking or
significant dilution from any other effluent stream;

"smelter-refinery effluent stream" means smelter-refinery

effluent that flows through an open or closed channel;

"storm water" means run-off from a storm event or thaw that
discharges to a surface watercourse from an inactive
tailings area or from a treatment facility associated with
an inactive tailings area;

"tailings area" means an area that is confined by manmade or

natural structures or both and that is used for the disposal
of finely divided solid waste materials produced as a result
of the milling of ore;

"travelling blank sample" means a quality control sample prepared
in accordance with subsections 11(2) and (3);

"travelling spiked blank sample" means a quality control sample
prepared in accordance with subsection 11(4);

(2) The definitions in section 1 of the General Effluent
Monitoring Regulation that are not redefined in this Regulation
apply to this Regulation.

(3) Where a term is defined in this Regulation and in the
General Effluent Monitoring Regulation, the definition in this
Regulation applies to the General Effluent Monitoring Regulation
insofar as that Regulation governs direct dischargers to whom
this Regulation applies.

Purpose

2. The purpose of this Regulation is to establish a data
base on effluent quality in the metal and salt mining sector that
will be used, along with other pertinent information, to develop
effluent limits for that sector.

Application

3.-(l) This Regulation applies only with respect to the
plants listed in Schedule A and only with respect to the effluent
streams named in Schedule A.

(2) For the purposes of this Regulation, the plants to which
this Regulation applies are divided into categories as set out in
Schedule A.

(3) The category-specific monitoring schedule for each plant
is as set out in Schedule A.

(4) For the purposes of subsection (5) and section 15, the
plants shown as exploration or development plants in Schedule A
are exploration or development plants.

(5) Sections 3 to 7 of the General Effluent Monitoring
Regulation and subsection 3(7), sections 4 to 13, and subsections
14(1) to (21) and 14(23) of this Regulation do not apply with
respect to exploration or development plants.

(6) This Regulation is a Sectoral Effluent Monitoring
Regulation within the meaning of the General Effluent Monitoring
Regulation.

(7) Each direct discharger shall carry out the monitoring
obligations, including the sampling, analysis, toxicity testing,
flow measurement, recording and reporting obligations of this
Regulation, in accordance with the General Effluent Monitoring
Regulation and in accordance with Schedules H and I to this
Regulation.

(8) An obligation on a direct discharger to do a thing under
this Regulation is discharged if another person has done it on
the direct discharger's behalf.

(9) A direct discharger who for any period of time does not
discharge an effluent is exempt, for that period, from the
requirements of this Regulation that pertain to that effluent.

(10) A direct discharger need not collect any sample
required to be collected by this Regulation if to do so would
result in extraordinary danger to health or safety.

Sampling Points

4.-(l) Each direct discharger shall, by the day on which a
report is required to be submitted by that discharger under
subsection 14(1), establish a sampling point on each effluent
stream named in Schedule A for that discharger's plant, as
follows:

1. A minewater effluent sampling point on each minewater
effluent stream.

2. A process effluent sampling point on each process
effluent stream.

3. A smelter-refinery effluent sampling point on each
smelter-refinery effluent stream.

4. A storm water sampling point on each storm water
effluent stream.

(2) Each direct discharger shall use the sampling points
established under subsection (1) for all sampling required by
this Regulation, except that a direct discharger may use
alternate sampling points where that is acceptable to the
Director.

(3) Except as otherwise specifically provided, sets of
samples required to be collected under this Regulation need not
be collected on the same day.

Sample Types

5.-(l) In this section, "calculated retention cime", in
relation to an effluent stream, means the period of time in days
that results from dividing the average daily flow, expressed in
cubic metres, of that stream from any tailings area or treatment
facility into the total available volume, expressed in cubic
metres, of the tailings area or treatment facility.

(2) For the purpose of calculating a calculated retention
time, each direct discharger shall obtain the average daily flow
of a stream by averaging the daily flow of the stream over any
thirty operating days.

(3) For the purpose of calculating a calculated retention
time, each direct discharger shall measure or estimate the daily
flow of a stream at a location or set of locations representative
of the flow of the stream, using methods, devices and
calculations that are capable of accuracy to within plus or minus
20 per cent of the actual flow.

(4) For the purposes of subsections (7) and (8), a
calculated retention time must be calculated on or before the day
on which the direct discharger is required to submit an initial
report under subsection 14(1).

(5) Subject to subsections (7) to (9), each direct
discharger shall collect each sample required to be collected
from a process effluent sampling point, minewater effluent
sampling point or smelter-refinery effluent sampling point as a
composite sample.

(6) Subject to subsection (9) , each direct discharger shall
collect each sample required to be collected as a composite
sample,

(a) by one of the means described in clauses 3(4) (a),
(c) and (e) of the General Effluent Monitoring
Regulation; or

(b) by taking three equal volume grab samples at
intervals of at least 2 hours over an eight hour
period and combining them manually.

(7) For the purposes of sections 6 and 7, where the
calculated retention time in relation to a process effluent
stream is thirty days or more, a direct discharger may collect
each sample from that stream as a single grab sample.

(8) For the purposes of sections 6 and 7, where the
calculated retention time in relation to a minewater effluent
stream or a smelter-refinery effluent stream is five days or
more, a direct discharger may collect each sample from that
stream as a single grab sample.

(9) Despite subsection 3(8) of the General Effluent
Monitoring Regulation, where a sample is collected from a process
effluent sampling point, a minewater effluent sampling point or a
smelter-refinery effluent sampling point for analysis for one or
more parameters in any of analytical test groups 15 to 18 and 28a
as set out in Schedule 1 to the General Effluent Monitoring
Regulation, the sample shall consist of three equal volume grab
samples taken at intervals of at least two hours over an eight
hour period.

(10) Each direct discharger shall combine grab samples
collected as a sample in accordance with subsection (9) for
analysis for parameters in analytical test group 15, as set out
in Schedule 1 to the General Effluent Monitoring Regulation, in
the laboratory immediately before analysis.

(11) Each direct discharger shall combine grab samples
collected as a sample in accordance with subsection (9) for
analysis for parameters in analytical test groups 16 to 18 and
28a, as set out in Schedule 1 to the General Effluent Monitoring
Regulation, in a purge vessel in the laboratory immediately
before analysis.

Thrice Weekly Monitoring

6.-(l) On three operating days in each week, each direct
discharger shall collect a set of samples sufficient to perform
the analyses required by subsection (2) from each process
effluent sampling point, minewater effluent sampling point and
smelter-refinery effluent sampling point of that discharger.

(2) Each direct discharger shall analyze each set of samples
collected under subsection (1) for the parameters indicated in
the column marked "3W", for the stream from which the set was
collected, of the category-specific monitoring schedule for that
discharger's plant.

(3) A direct discharger whose plant is in the copper, lead,
zinc, nickel category and who does not use cyanide as a process
chemical need not analyze the sets of samples collected under
subsection (1) from a process effluent sampling point for the
parameters in analytical test group 2 as set out in Schedule 1 to
the General Effluent Monitoring Regulation.

(4) A direct discharger whose plant is in the copper, lead,
zinc, nickel category and who does not use backfill that contains
cyanide need not analyze the sets of samples collected under
subsection (1) from a minewater effluent sampling point for the
parameters in analytical test group 2 as set out in Schedule 1 to
the General Effluent Monitoring Regulation.

(5) A direct discharger whose plant is in the gold category
and who does not use backfill that contains cyanide need not
analyze the sets of samples collected under subsection (1) from a
minewater effluent sampling point for the parameters in
analytical test group 2 as set out in Schedule 1 to the General
Effluent Monitoring Regulation or for the parameters in

analytical test group M8 as set out in Schedule I to this
Regulation.

(6) A direct discharger whose plant is in the gold category
and who mills an average of less than 1000 tonnes of ore per
operating day need not analyze the sets of samples collected
under subsection (1) from a process effluent sampling point or a
minewater effluent sampling point for the parameters copper,
nickel, lead and zinc in analytical test group 9 as set out in
Schedule 1 to the General Effluent Monitoring Regulation or for
the parameter arsenic in analytical test group 10 as set out in
Schedule 1 to the General Effluent Monitoring Regulation.

(7) For the purpose of subsection (6) , a direct discharger
mills an average of less than 1000 tonnes of ore per day if the
average amount of ore milled per day in that discharger's plant,
over any thirty operating days before the day on which a report
is required to be submitted by that discharger under subsection
14(1), is less than 1000 tonnes.

(8) For the purposes of subsection (1), samples collected
from a sampling point after the first sample is collected from
that sampling point under subsection (1) shall be collected no
sooner than twenty-four hours after the previous sampling under
subsection (1) from that sampling point.

Monthly Monitoring - General

7.-(l) On one operating day in each month, each direct
discharger shall collect a set of samples sufficient to perform
the analyses required by subsections (2) and (3) from each
process effluent sampling point, minewater effluent sampling
point and smelter-refinery effluent sampling point of that
discharger.

(2) Each direct discharger shall analyze each set of samples
collected under subsection (1) for the parameters indicated in
the column marked "M" , for the stream from which the set was
collected, of the category-specific monitoring schedule for that
discharger's plant.

(3) Each direct discharger to whom subsection 6(6) applies
shall, in addition to performing the analyses required by
subsection (2) , analyze each set of samples collected under
subsection (1) from a process effluent sampling point or a
minewater effluent sampling point of that discharger for the
parameters copper, nickel, lead and zinc in analytical test group
9 as set out in Schedule 1 to the General Effluent Monitoring
Regulation and for the parameter arsenic in analytical test group

10 as set out in Schedule 1 to the General Effluent Monitoring
Regulation.

(4) A direct discharger whose plant is in the uranium
category need not analyze the sets of samples collected under
subsection (1) from a smelter-refinery effluent sampling point
for the parameters in analytical test group 6 as set out in
Schedule 1 to the General Effluent Monitoring Regulation.

(5) The exemption set out in subsection (4) does not apply
in relation to the plant referred to in Schedule A as the
refinery at Port Hope, Ontario.

(6) For the purposes of subsection (1), samples collected
from a sampling point after the first sample is collected from
that sampling point under subsection (1) shall be collected no
sooner than fifteen days after the previous sampling under
subsection (1) from that sampling point.

Monthly Monitoring - Storm Water

8.-(l) On one day in each month, each direct discharger
shall collect a set of samples from each storm water sampling
point of that discharger, sufficient to perform the analyses
required by subsection (2).

(2) Each direct discharger shall analyze each set of samples
collected under subsection (1) for the parameters indicated in
the column marked "M" , for the stream from which the set was
collected, of the category-specific monitoring schedule for that
discharger's plant.

(3) For the purposes of subsection (1), samples collected
from a sampling point after the first sample is collected from
that sampling point under subsection (1) shall be collected no
sooner than fifteen days after the previous sampling under
subsection (1) from that sampling point.

Quarterly Monitoring

9.-(l) Subject to subsection (2), on one operating day in
each quarter, each direct discharger shall collect a set of
samples sufficient to perform the analyses required by subsection
(3) from each sampling point of that discharger.

(2) Each direct discharger whose plant is in the salt
category may collect a set of samples from each minewater
effluent sampling point of that discharger on only two operating

days during the period beginning on the 1st day of February, 1990
and ending on the 31st day of January, 1991, instead of at the
frequency set out in subsection (1).

(3) Each direct discharger shall analyze each set of samples
collected under subsections (1) and (2) for the parameters
indicated in the column marked "Q" , for the stream from which the
set was collected, of the category-specific monitoring schedule
for that discharger's plant.

(4) A direct discharger who does not use or store
polychlorinated biphenyls need not analyze the sets of samples
collected under subsections (1) and (2) for the parameters in
analytical test group 27 as set out in Schedule 1 to the General
Effluent Monitoring Regulation.

(5) A direct discharger whose plant is in the uranium
category need not analyze the sets of samples collected under
subsection (1) from a smelter-refinery effluent sampling point
for the parameters in analytical test group 6 as set out in
Schedule 1 to the General Effluent Monitoring Regulation.

(6) The exemption set out in subsection (5) does not apply
in relation to the plant referred to in Schedule A as the
refinery at Port Hope, Ontario.

(7) Despite clause 4(2) (b) of the General Effluent
Monitoring Regulation, no direct discharger shall analyze samples
collected under subsection (1) or (2) using the alternate
instrumental measurement method principles set out in Column 5 of
Schedule 3 to the General Effluent Monitoring Regulation.

(8) For the purposes of subsections (1) and (2) , samples
collected from a sampling point after the first sample is
collected from that sampling point under subsection (1) or (2)
shall be collected no sooner than forty-five days after the
previous sampling under subsection (1) or (2) from that sampling
point.

(9) A direct discharger is only required to fulfill the
requirements of subsection (1) in four consecutive quarters.

Monitoring for Parameters in Analytical Test Group 24

10. -(1) On one operating day during the period beginning on
the 1st day of February, 1990 and ending on the 31st day of
January, 1991, each direct discharger shall collect a set of
samples from each sampling point of that discharger and shall
analyze each such set for the parameters in analytical test group

24 as set out in Schedule 1 to the General Effluent Monitoring
Regulation.

(2) A direct discharger is exempt from the requirements of
this section if, during the period beginning on the 1st day of
July, 1987 and ending on the 31st day of December, 1987, the
discharger collected a set of samples from each effluent stream
of that discharger, analyzed each such set for the parameters in
analytical test group 24 as set out in Schedule 1 to the General
Effluent Monitoring Regulation, and reported the results of those
analyses to the Municipal Industrial Strategy for Abatement
Office of the Ministry of the Environment.

Quality Control Monitoring

11. -(1) Each direct discharger shall prepare a travelling
blank sample and a travelling spiked blank sample for each sample
collected under subsections 9(1) and (2).

(2) Where a direct discharger is required to prepare a
travelling blank sample for another sample, the discharger shall,

(a) prepare a quality control sample of uncontaminated
water;

(b) ensure that the quality control sample accompanies
the container intended for the other sample from
the laboratory that provides the container to the
area in which the other sample is to be collected;

(c) open and reseal the quality control sample in that
area; and

(d) return the quality control sample together with the
other sample to the laboratory for analysis.

(3) Each direct discharger shall, after opening and before
resealing a travelling blank sample under clause 2(c), preserve
it according to the same methods, if any, used to preserve the
other sample.

(4) Where a direct discharger is required to prepare a
travelling spiked blank sample for another sample, the discharger
shall,

(a) prepare a quality control sample of uncontaminated
water to which a standard solution has been added;

(b) preserve the quality control sample according to
the same methods, if any, used to preserve the
other sample;

(c) within twenty-four hours of complying with clauses
(a) and (b) , ensure that the quality control sample
accompanies the container intended for the other
sample from the laboratory that provides the
container to the area in which the other sample is
to be collected; and

(d) return the quality control sample, unopened,
together with the other sample to the laboratory
for analysis.

(5) Each direct discharger shall analyze each travelling
blank sample prepared under subsection (1) for the parameters
indicated in the column marked "Q" , for the stream from which the
sample for which the travelling blank sample was prepared was
collected, of the category-specific monitoring schedule for that
discharger's plant.

(6) Despite subsection (5), a direct discharger need not
analyze a travelling blank sample for parameters in analytical
test groups 1, 3, 8, 28a, 28b and 29.

(7) Each direct discharger shall analyze each travelling
spiked blank sample prepared under subsection (1) for the
parameters in analytical test groups 16 to 20, 23 and 27
indicated in the column marked "Q" , for the stream from which the
sample for which the travelling spiked blank sample was prepared
was collected, of the category-specific monitoring schedule for
that discharger's plant.

(8) Each direct discharger shall ensure that the standard
solution referred to in clause 4(a) contains at least the
parameters to be analyzed for, and shall record the concentration
of each such parameter in the travelling spiked blank sample.

(9) Subsection 3(31) of the General Effluent Monitoring
Regulation does not apply to direct dischargers governed by this
Regulation.

Toxicity Testing

12. -(1) Subject to subsection (2), on one operating day in
each quarter, each direct discharger shall collect a sample from
each sampling point of that discharger and shall perform a fish

toxicity test and a Daphnia magna acute lethality toxicity test
on each such sample.

(2) Each direct discharger whose plant is in the salt
category may collect a sample from each minewater effluent
sampling point of that discharger on only two operating days
during the period beginning on the 1st day of February, 1990 and
ending on the 31st day of January, 1991, instead of at the
frequency set out in subsection (1) , and shall perform a fish
toxicity test and a Daphnia magna acute lethality toxicity test
on each such sample.

(3) For the purposes of subsections (1) and (2), a sample
collected from a sampling point after the first sample is
collected from that sampling point under subsection (1) or (2)
shall be collected no sooner than forty-five days after the
previous sampling under subsection (1) or (2) from that sampling
point.

(4) Each direct discharger shall make every reasonable
effort to collect each sample under subsections (1) and (2) on a
day on which a set of samples is collected under subsection 9(1)
or (2) from the same sampling point.

(5) A direct discharger is only required to fulfill the
requirements of subsection (1) in four consecutive quarters.

Flow Measurement

13. -(1) Each direct discharger shall at the time of each
sampling under sections 6 to 11 from an effluent stream of that
discharger, measure or estimate the flow of that stream at a
location or set of locations representative of the flow at the
sampling point established under section 4 for that stream, and
shall record the measured or estimated data.

(2) Where a direct discharger collects a sample from an
effluent stream in accordance with clause 5(6) (a) on an operating
day, the requirement under subsection (1) to measure or estimate
the flow of that stream at the time of that sampling is fulfilled
if the discharger measures or estimates that flow three times, at
intervals of at least two hours, over the course of the operating
day.

(3) Subsections 6(1) to (6) of the General Effluent
Monitoring Regulation do not apply to direct dischargers governed
by this Regulation.

(4) Each direct discharger shall use methods, devices and
calculations for the measurement or estimation of the flow of an
effluent stream that are capable of accuracy to within plus or
minus 20 per cent of the actual flow.

Reporting

14. -(1) Each direct discharger shall submit an initial
report to the Director in respect of that direct discharger's
plant, by the 1st day of November, 1989 or by the 1st day of the
third month following the month in which the discharger's plant
was added to Schedule A.

(2) Each direct discharger shall ensure that the plans
submitted under paragraph 1 of subsection 7(1) of the General
Effluent Monitoring Regulation identify by type each effluent
stream on which the discharger establishes a sampling point under
section 4.

(3) Each direct discharger shall include in the initial
report each calculated retention time to be relied on in
accordance with section 5, together with documentation sufficient
to satisfy the Director that each method, device and calculation
used to measure or estimate the flow of an effluent stream for
the purpose of calculating a calculated retention time, meets the
accuracy requirement of subsection 5(3).

(4) Each direct discharger shall notify the Director in
writing of any significant changes occurring on or before the
31st day of January, 1991 in respect of the information submitted
under subsections (1) to (3), within thirty days after the end of
the month during which the change occurs.

(5) Each direct discharger shall notify the Director in
writing of any change of name or ownership of its plant occurring
during the period beginning on the 15th day of June, 1989 and
ending on the 31st day of January, 1991, within thirty days after
this Regulation comes into force or within thirty days after any
such change.

(6) Each direct discharger shall report to the Director, on
a floppy diskette in a format acceptable to the Director and by
hard copy generated from that diskette and signed by the
discharger, the results of all analyses performed by or on behalf
of the discharger under sections 6 to 11 of this Regulation,
including the data recorded under subsection 11(8) and all
positive numerical values at or above the analytical method
detection limits calculated by the laboratory performing the

analysis, together with the date on which each sample was
collected and the method used to collect each sample.

(7) For the purpose of subsection (6) , each direct
discharger shall report the results of analyses of samples
collected under section 6 within sixty days after the last day of
the week in which the sample was collected and shall report the
results of analyses of samples collected under sections 7 to 11
within ninety days after the last day of the week in which the
sample was collected.

(8) Each direct discharger shall, in accordance with
subsection 7(6) of the General Effluent Monitoring Regulation,
report to the Director the toxicity test information obtained
under section 12, together with the date on which each sample was
collected under section 12.

(9) For the purpose of subsection (8) , each direct
discharger shall report the toxicity test information obtained in
respect of each sample collected under section 12 within ninety
days after the last day of the week in which the sample was
collected, on a floppy diskette in a format acceptable to the
Director and by hard copy generated from that diskette and signed
by the discharger.

(10) Each direct discharger shall, with respect to each
method, device and calculation to be used to measure or estimate
the flow of an effluent stream under subsection 13(1), submit to
the Director, no later than thirty days before the first use of
the method, device or calculation, documentation sufficient to
satisfy the Director that the method, device or calculation meets
the accuracy requirement of subsection 13(4).

(11) Each direct discharger shall report to the Director the
flow measurement information recorded under subsection 13(1),
together with the date on which each flow was measured or
estimated, on a floppy diskette in a format acceptable to the
Director and by hard copy generated from that diskette and signed
by the discharger.

(12) The information required to be reported under
subsection (11) shall be reported within 60 days after the last
day of the week in which the sample in respect of which the flow
was measured or estimated was collected, if the sample was
collected under section 6, and within 90 days after the last day
of the week in which the sample in respect of which the flow was
measured or estimated was collected, if the sample was collected
under sections 7 to 11.

(13) Each direct discharger shall report flow measurement
information recorded under subsection 13(1) as the total volume
of effluent discharged per operating day, in cubic metres per
day.

(14) Each direct discharger shall report in writing to the
Director the date and amount of precipitation of each storm event
that occurs during the period beginning on the 1st day of
February, 1990 and ending on the 31st day of January, 1991,
within sixty days after the storm event.

(15) Each direct discharger shall submit to the Director, at
least thirty days before the first day of each month, a written
schedule of intended sampling dates by sampling point location
for all sampling to be done under sections 7, 9 and 10 in that
month.

(16) Each direct discharger shall make every reasonable
effort to follow the schedule submitted under subsection (15) but
if the schedule cannot be followed as submitted, the discharger
shall notify the Director promptly of any change in dates.

(17) Each direct discharger shall keep records of all
sampling required by this Regulation, including, for each sample,
the date and time of collection, the sampling procedures used,
the amount of sample dilution by preservative if dilution exceeds
one per cent, and any incident likely to affect an analytical
result.

(18) Each direct discharger shall record the results of all
maintenance and calibration performed on sampling equipment used
in meeting the requirements of this Regulation.

(19) Each direct discharger shall keep records of all
analytical methods used in meeting the requirements of this
Regulation.

(20) Each direct discharger shall submit a written report to
the Director detailing the date, duration and cause of each
sampling, toxicity testing, analytical and flow measurement
malfunction or problem that interferes with fulfilling the
requirements of this Regulation, together with a description of
any remedial action taken, within thirty days after the end of
the month in which the malfunction or problem occurs.

(21) Each direct discharger shall keep all records and
reports required by this Regulation to be kept or made for a
period of two years following the date of the last report
submitted to the Director under this section.

(22) Each direct discharger shall report to the Director the
results of all flow measurements and estimations and of all
chemical analyses required to be done on or after the 1st day of
February, 1991 by an approval given under section 24 of the
Ontario Water Resources Act, within ninety days after making the
measurement, estimation or analysis.

(23) The report referred to in subsection (22) shall be
submitted on a floppy diskette in a format acceptable to the
Director and by hard copy generated from that diskette and signed
by the discharger,

(24) The General Effluent Monitoring Regulation does not
apply in respect of obligations under subsection (22) .

Exploration or Development Plants

15. -(1) Each direct discharger whose plant is an exploration
or development plant shall submit to the Director, by the 1st day
of November, 1989 or by the first day of the third month
following the month in which the discharger's plant was added to
Schedule A, a written report including the following information:

1. A plot plan of the plant, along with supporting
text, showing the location of all processing areas,
effluent streams from all developed onsite and
offsite areas, intakes, storm drainage areas,
points of effluent discharge to surface
watercourses, sampling points, sampling devices and
flow measuring devices.

2. A description of any methods, devices and
calculations to be used in the plant to measure or
estimate the flow of any effluent during the period
beginning the 1st day of February, 1990 and ending
the 31st day of January, 1991, together with an
assessment of the accuracy of those methods,
devices and calculations.

(2) Each direct discharger whose plant is an exploration or
development plant shall submit to the Director, within thirty
days following the end of each month in the period beginning the
1st day of February, 1990 and ending the 31st day of January,
1991, a written report including the following information:

1. A statement of how many tonnes of ore and how many
tonnes of waste rock were handled in the plant in
the month.

2. A statement of the types of chemicals, including
chemical explosives, used in the plant in the
month, together with a statement of how many
kilograms of each type were used.

3. A statement of how many cubic metres of effluent
were discharged from the plant to surface
watercourses in the month.

4. A description of all mining methods and milling
methods used in the plant in the month.

(3) Each direct discharger whose plant is an exploration or
development plant shall report in writing to the Director the
results of all flow measurements and estimations and of all
chemical analyses required to be done, during the period
beginning the 1st day of February, 1990 and ending the 31st day
of January, 1991, by a permit to take water given under section
20 of the Ontario Water Resources Act or by an approval given
under section 24 of the Ontario Water Resources Act, within
thirty days after making the measurement, estimation or analysis.

Commencement

16. -(1) This Regulation, except sections 6 to 13 comes into
force on the day on which it is filed.

(2) Sections 6 to 13 come into force on the 1st day of
February, 1990.

Revocation
17. Sections 4 to 13 are revoked on the 1st day of February,

LEGEND FOR SCHEDULES A TO G

3W - Thrice weekly

M - Monthly

Q - Quarterly

EXP/DEV - Exploration or Development Plant

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PART IV

EXPLANATORY NOTES TO THE EFFLUENT MONITORING
REGULATION FOR THE ONTARIO MINERAL INDUSTRY: GROUP A

PART IV EXPLANATORY NOTES TO THE EFFLUENT MONITORING

REGULATION FOR THE ONTARIO MINERAL INDUSTRY:
GROUP A

Introduction

The Explanatory Notes are meant to provide, where appropriate, an expanded description of
each of the sections in the Effluent Monitoring Regulation for Group A in order to further the
reader's understanding of the requirements.

In conjunction with the protocols and procedures outlined in Ontario Regulation 695/88. the
General Effluent Monitoring Regulation, the Group A Regulation specifies the effluent monitoring
requirements for each discharger, including sampling, analysis, flow measurement, toxicity
testing and reporting.

Section 1: Definitions

This section of the Regulation provides:

clarification of terms used in the Regulation having several possible
interpretations;

definitions of technical terms used in the Regulation which may not be in
common usage:

definitions for those terms which have a different meaning in the Regulation
than those found in a dictionary or through common use;

definitions of terms with an alternate use in the Group A Regulation from that
in the General Regulation; and

definitions of terms specific to Group A.

Subsections 1(2) and (3) states that the definitions in section 1 of the General Regulation also
apply to this Regulation. However, a re-defined term in the Group A Regulation supersedes that
of the General Regulation.

The Group A monitoring regulation follows as closely as possible Ontario Regulation 695/88.
Consequently, terminology that is commonly used in the mining industry has been largely
dropped in favour of the definitions that are found in Ontario Regulation 695/88. For example,
a mine or mineral property including all associated facilities becomes a "plant", a tailings area
decant becomes a "process effluent", a designated control point becomes a "process effluent
sampling point" and runoff becomes "storm water". One term that has been retained is that of
"minewater effluent" since this effluent is unique to the industry.

Changes to definitions found in the General Regulation have been made for the purposes of the
Group A Regulation as follows:

"grab sample" has been redefined to increase the time period to one hour over which

the sample may be collected. The reason for this is that , in many cases. Group
A plants simply may not be able to collect a sufficient volume of sample or a
sufficient number of samples within the 15 minutes that the General Regulation
calls for;

"process effluent" has been redefined to mean only those effluents being discharged
from an active tailings area or treatment facilities associated with an active
tailings area;

"storm water" has been redefined to mean runoff from inactive tailings areas.

The following definitions are included m the Group A Regulation rather than the General
Regulation as they are referred to only in the context of the Group A Regulation:

"Group A";

"minewater effluent";

'minewater effluent sampling point";

"minewater effluent stream";

"smelter-refinery effluent";

"smelter-refinery sampling point":

"smelter-refinery effluent stream";

"tailings area".

Section 2: Purpose

The purpose of the Group A Regulation is to establish a data base on effluent quality in the
Ontario Mineral Industry Sector that, along with other pertinent information such as available
treatment technology, will be used m the development of effluent limits for Group A and to
quantify the mass loadings of monitored contaminants discharged into surface watercourses.

Section 3: Application

All plants and effluents covered under the Ontario Mineral Industry Sector: Group A Effluent
Monitoring Regulation are listed in Schedule A of the Regulation. A plant is exempt from the
Effluent Monitonng Regulation if the name of the plant does not appear in Schedule A. Schedule
A also gives the category that a plant falls under and notes the effluent stream names and
types.

Schedule A is being kept open as long as possible before the monitoring regulation is
promulgated. The reason for this is to allow plants to be added to or deleted from Schedule A in
order to reflect the most current operating status of the plants on the date of promulgation of
the regulation. Unlike most other types of industry, mines may have a short life. This is due to
the fact that ore reserves are finite in nature and, once exhausted, they no longer exist. In
Ontario, many mines are in production for less than ten years. In addition, mines in Ontario,
like most mines, are greatly influenced by international market prices and demand. Because of
this, mines that are active can be quickly forced into an inactive state and vice versa. Also to
be noted is the fact that many mining properties are subject to frequent changes in ownership
and, as a result, the maintenance of an up-to-date list of plants is difficult.

It is the intent of the Ministry that the MISA Regulation requirements shall replace the
monitoring requirements for those effluent streams that are named in Schedule A and are under
Certificates of Approval or Control Orders for the duration of the Regulation in cases of
duplicate requirements. This override will not extend to any effluent stream not monitored in
the Regulation and for which monitoring is required to assess the performance of various
treatment systems or processes.

For the purposes of the Group A Effluent Monitoring Regulation, an "exploration or development
plant" means a plant at which,

(a) the purpose of activities at the property is to explore a geological structure, to
determine potential ore reserves, or to prepare a geological structure for
commercial production,

(b) the total effluent volume being discharged is more than 50,000 litres per day
averaged over any 30 operating days in any quarter, and

(c) that is identified in Schedule A by the notation EXP/DEV.

Section 4: Sampling Points

This section specifies that a sampling point must be established by the direct discharger for
each effluent stream type specified in the site-specific monitoring schedules. These sampling
points must be used for all sampling required by the Group A Regulation unless an alternate
sampling location is deemed acceptable by a Regional Director of the Ministry of the
Environment.

There are only four types of effluent streams on which sampling points are to be established.
These are:

minewater effluent streams
smelter-refinery effluent streams
process effluent streams
storm water effluent streams

It must be noted that all samples must be collected and analyzed according to the principles and
protocols outlined in sections 3 and 4 of the General Regulation for sampling and analysis

respectively. In addition, the category specific monitoring schedules (called Schedules B to G in
the Group A Regulation) indicate the monitoring frequency required at each sampling point.

Section 5: Sample Types

Grab samples are permitted as follows providing that the effluent, prior to sampling, has been
retained for at least the prescribed period of time:

Effluent Stream Tvoe Required Calculated Retention Time

Process Effluent 30 days

Minewater Effluent 5 days

Smelter-Refinery Effluent 5 days

Storm Water Effluent 0 days

The above grab samples are permitted only for samples that are being taken on a thrice weekly
or monthly basis. Composite samples are required in all other cases and for all samples being
taken on a quarterly basis. One exception to this rule is storm water effluent. Grab samples
are permitted for all types of storm water samples.

When grab samples are to be taken, each direct discharger must report the "calculated
retention time" and the method of calculation of the "calculated retention time" for all process
effluents, minewater effluents and smelter-refinery effluents from which grab samples are to
be taken.

Section 6: Thrice Weekly Monitoring

Thrice weekly monitoring is required in all categories on all existing effluent stream types.
The nature of the monitoring varies from category to category (see Schedules B to G in the
Group A Regulation). In general, thrice weekly parameters include: pH, suspended solids,
ammonia, cyanide, copper, nickel, lead, zinc, arsenic, oil and grease, dissolved solids,
sulphates, iron and chlorides and may include weak acid dissociable cyanides.

It should be noted that analytical data from thrice weekly and monthly sampling mav be used
towards fulfilling quarterly requirements, provided that all samples are taken on the same day
and that all protocols required for quarterly samples are followed. Similarly, data from
quarterly samples may be used towards monthly and thrice weekly requirements. In addition,
in cases of duplicate analytical requirements, the method that yields the lowest detection limit

may t?9 lisqcI to fulfill the reguirgmgnts of a l9§? or^<:\^9 mgthoci for the same parafngtgr.

Section 7: Monthly Monitoring - General

Monthly monitoring is required in all categories on all existing effluent stream types. The
nature of the monitoring varies from category to category (see Schedules B to G in the Group A
Regulation). In general, monthly parameters include: chemical oxygen demand, total kjeldahl
nitrogen, nitrates, nitrites, phosphorus, phenols and mercury and may include cadmium, cobalt,
uranium, cyanates and thiocyanates.

Section 8: Monthly Monitoring - Storm Water

Nearly all storm water effluents found in Group A result from runoff at inactive tailings areas.
These effluents tend to be continuous in nature since large areas of land are usually involved.
However, during very dry periods or long periods of sub-zero temperatures, the presence of
these effluents cannot be guaranteed. As a result, sampling of these effluents at a frequency no
greater than once per month is required.

Section 9: Quarterly Monitoring

Quarterly monitoring is required in all categories on all existing effluent stream types. Again,
it must be emphasized that analytical data from thrice weekly and monthly sampling may be
used towards fulfilling quarterly requirements and vice versa provided that all samples are
taken on the same day and that protocols required for all samples are followed.

With one exception, quarterly sampling requirements are constant across all categories. The
one exception is minewater effluent requirements in the salt category. Here, because of the
very small effluent volumes involved and the routine nature of the effluent (saturated bnne),
only two "quarterly" samples are required at each of the two mines over the life of the
regulation. In all other cases, 4 "quarterly" samples are required.

All quarterly samples involve the following parameters:

(a) the full EMPPL excluding sulphides, fatty and resin acids, alkyl leads,
pesticides and herbicides. PCBs are to be run only at plants that use or store
RGBs. Dioxins are to be done on a one-time basis only;

(b) open charactenzation for elements (Analytical Test Group 29) with detection
limits set at 50 part per billion and open characterization for organics outside
of EMPPL with detection and identification limits set as close to 10 parts per
billion as is possible;

(c) fish toxicity test and Daphnia magna acute lethality toxicity lest.

With regard to sections 6, 7 and 9 above, many process effluents associated with the Ontario
Mineral Industry are discharged to a receiving stream after being retained for lengthy periods
of lime. Discharge episodes are timed to lake advantage of natural physical, biological and
chemical processes that, depending on climatic conditions and, therefore, the time of year,
reduce levels of some contaminants in the effluent. In these systems, discharge episodes can

vary from a few days to a few months. A discharger is exempt from the requirements of the
Effluent Monitoring Regulation during the period of time that a process effluent is being retained
and no discharge occurs. However, during any period of discharge equal to or less than 15 days
in any one or through two quarters, a discharger will be expected to obtain and analyze samples
of its process effluent at the required frequency and for all parameters listed under the column
"3W' in Schedules B to G as they apply. During any period of discharge greater than 15 days
and equal to or less than 45 days in any one or through two quarters, a discharger will be
expected to obtain and analyze samples of its process effluent at the required frequencies and
for all parameters listed in the columns under "3W" and "M" in Schedules B to G as they apply.
For any period of discharge greater than 45 days in any one or through two quarters, a
discharger will be expected to obtain and analyze samples of its process effluent at the
required frequencies and for all parameters listed in the columns under "3W", "M" and "Q" in
Schedules B to G as they apply to the discharger.

Section 10: Monitoring for Parameters in Analytical Test Group 24

Section 10 states that monitoring for parameters in analytical test group 24 (dioxins) need
only be carried out once during the life of the regulation at any particular sampling point and if
monitoring for parameters in analytical test group 24 has already been carried out at any
particular sampling point during the MISA pre-regulation monitoring program, this monitoring
need not be repeated during the life of the regulation.

Section 11: Quality Control Monitoring

Each of the quality control samples to be collected provides information about the quality of the
effluent samples collected and indicates possible field contamination. Quality control samples
are to be taken with each quarterly sample taken at all effluent sampling points.

A travelling blank sample will provide an indication of any problems with sample contamination
due to extraneous volatile fractions of contaminants in the atmosphere and any contaminants
introduced by handling of the sample containers. Analytical test groups 1,3,8, 28a, 28b and
29 are excluded from the analysis.

Travelling blanks for COD and TSSA/SS are relatively ineffective. Gross contamination would
be required to be detected at the ppm levels of detection for these tests. No information
relevant to samples is to be gained for pH on a travelling blank of distilled water.

A travelling spiked blank sample should provide an indication of the degree of degradation of the
parameters from sampling to analysis, which in turn may indicate degradation of the
parameters in the effluent sample itself. Only analytical test groups 16 to 20, 23 and 27 are
to be analyzed.

The travelling spiked blank samples must be prepared with a standard solution which contains
all of the parameters in the analytical test groups for which analyses are required.

Additional quality control samples are to be analyzed and prepared by the laboratory, as
outlined in section 4 of the General Regulation. These samples will provide an indication of
analytical variability and laboratory contamination due to the analytical procedures.

The General Regulation requires that good maintenance and calibration practices for the
nneasurement devices be followed.

Section 12: Toxicity Testing

Section 5 of the General Regulation specifies the test protocols which must be followed for the
fish toxicity test and the Daphnia magna acute lethality toxicity test.

Toxicity test samples are to be collected quarterly at each effluent sampling point. If at all
possible, these samples should be collected on the same day as the routine quarterly samples in
order to aid in the interpretation and possible correlation of the chemical analyses and the
resultant biological effects.

Effluent samples used for the fish toxicity and Daphnia magna tests should be taken from the
same sample container or set of containers in order to minimize the likelihood of sample
differences.

It is not unusual for one fish in a serial dilution sample to suffer mortality due to natural
causes. Therefore, mortality greater than two fish in most cases would be an indication of
some effluent lethality.

Section 13: Flow Measurement

Protocols and procedures are outlined in section 6 of the General Regulation.

All Group A plants are required to use methods, devices or calculations for the measurement or
estimation of flow that are capable of accuracy to plus or minus 20% of actual flow. The
foregoing statement applies to all flows that are measured at a plant.

Because of the remote nature of many Group A sampling points, the lack of power at many
sites, the severe weather conditions at many sampling points that exist for several months of
the year and the generic nature of the Group A effluent monitoring regulation, continuous flow
measurement is not required. Flow measurement must take place at the time of sampling.

Accurate flow measurement is expected to be an integral part of future limits regulations for
Group A plants.

Section 14: Reporting

Section 7 of the General Regulation outlines the reporting requirements for each direct
discharger. The contents of an Initial Report to be submitted prior to monitoring under the
Regulation are outlined in the General Regulation.

All information which is considered by the plant to be confidential business information must
so identified on each page submitted to the Ministry.

The Initial Report must be submitted to the Regional Director of the Ministry by November 1,
1989 or by the first day of the third month following the month in which the discharger's plant
was added to Schedule A. This report is intended to provide the Ministry with a clear
understanding of plant processes and the procedures each plant will follow in carrying out the
requirements of this Regulation. Five copies of the Initial Report, including any attachments,
should be provided.

A guidance document entitled "Guide for the Preparation of Initial Reports" is available from the
Ministry to provide assistance in preparing the Initial Report.

Results from all analyses performed by a laboratory must be reported, including all positive
numerical values at or above the laboratory calculated method detection limit.

In cases where a laboratory has a method detection limit lower than the maximum allowed by
the Regulation, all positive values below the MISA method detection limit must be reported.
This will ensure that accurate data is reported.

Flow measurement information must be reported for all effluent stream types.

The date of each storm event and the amount of precipitation involved are to be reported. This
information is required in order to correlate the analytical data with storm events that occur.

A schedule of all sampling dates and times is required for Ministry inspection purposes. It
should be noted that the Ministry will be collecting its own samples at random for audit
purposes. Sampling procedures used at any plant will also be inspected during Ministry
inspections.

A report detailing any equipment malfunctions or any other problems which interfere with
carrying out the requirements of both the General and Group A Regulations, and the remedial
action taken, must be provided. The reasons for non-compliance with the requirements, as
documented in this report, may be taken into consideration by abatement and enforcement staff
investigating an act of non-compliance.

It is prudent to have backup systems available for critical elements to minimize the chances of
non-compliance.

All records which are required to t>e kept by this section are primarily for inspection purposes
to ensure compliance with this Regulation. The records should be kept for a period of two years
tjeyond the submission of the last report in compliance with the requirements of the Group A
Regulation.

Section 15: Exploration or Development Plants

Exploration or development plants as designated in Schedule A of the Effluent Monitonng
Regulation for Group A plants are exempt from the extensive monitoring requirements of the
Group A Regulation. Special requirements for these plants are found in Section 15. Although an
Initial Report is required, the content of the Initial Report is different than that required for
other Group A plants and is outlined m Section 15. In addition, a short monthly report that
describes operations at a property in a very basic way is also required. Again, the nature of

these reports Is outlined In Section 15. Exploration or development plants are required to
report the results of all flow measurements and chemical analyses that are required by the
Ministry on Permits to Take Water or on Certificates of Approval that are in effect during the
life of the Group A Effluent Monitoring Regulation. The frequency of reporting and the
parameters to be reported and the methods of analysis to be used are dictated by the Permits
to Take Water and by the Certificates of Approval that are in effect.

Section 16: Commencement

The Initial Report is required within three months following promulgation of the Regulation.

The sampling, analytical, flow measurement, toxicity testing and reporting requirements come
into force five months after promulgation of the Regulation. The five month implementation
period is intended to provide sufficient time to allow the plant site to purchase and install
equipment, negotiate contracts with laboratories, set up their monitoring programs and train
personnel.

Section 17: Revocation

In general, the Group A Regulation is revoked one year after the day that sampling commences.

Subsection 14(22) provides for GAP monitoring. Gap monitoring is the monitoring that is
required in the period that occurs after the Effluent Monitoring Regulation and before the Limits
Regulation. Group A Gap monitoring involves the reporting of all analyses and flow
measurement data required under the Ontario Water Resources Act on existing Certificates of
Approval.

A SUMMARY OF CATEGORY MONITORING REQUIREMENTS

A SUMMARY OF CATEGORY MONITORING REQUIREMENTS

Pari V serves to summarize and to compare the effluent monitoring requirements for each
category on the basis of each type of effluent stream being monitored. There are six
categories:

1 . Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn

2. Gold

3. Iron

4. Salt (sodium chloride)

5. Silver, and

6. Uranium

and four effluent stream types:

Mine Water Effluent
Process Effluent
Smelter-Refinery Effluent, and
Storm Water Effluent

1 the summaries that follow:

3W means 3 times per week

M means monthly

Q means quarterly

Y means that the parameter is being monitored at that frequency

N means that the parameter is not being monitored at that

frQqUQPgy

Asterisks or similar devices refer to footnotes found following
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FREQUENCY OF SAMPLING:
PARAMETERS TO BE ANALYZED

lene

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2 -C h lo roi sop ropy 1) ether
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enylamine

trosodiphenylamine
itrosodi-n-propylamine

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Dinilrophenol
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DIchlorophenol
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hlorophenol
hloro-3-methylphenol
trophenol
.resol
resol

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PART VI

A SUMMARY OF THE RESULTS OF THE ONTARIO MINFRAI
INDUSTRY:

GROUP A MISA PRE-REGULATION MONITORING PROGRAM

PART VI - A SUMMARY OF THE RESULTS OF THE ONTARIO MINERAL

INDUSTRY: GROUP A MISA PRE-REGULATIQN MONITORING
PROGRAM

In 1987, ZENON Environmental Inc undertook a project on behalf of the Ontario f^ining
Association (OMA) to characterize effluent stream types from ten mining and milling operations
in Ontano as requested by the Ministry of the Environment (MOE) under the MISA pre-
regulation monitonng program. The first round of sampling, or Phase I, was undertaken in
July, 1987, by ZENON personnel with Phase II samples taken by the individual mines and mills
in September, 1987. The sampling and analytical procedures were approved by MOE prior to
commencing the work

The scope of analytical work carried out in two sampling campaigns included a list of
conventional pollutants, the MOE EMPPL as published at the time of collection, an open organic
scan and an elemental scan.

Operations were chosen from each category of Group A which could be shown to represent the
processing aspects of the category. In each phase of the program a total of ten
"characterization scans" were carried out: the five base metal producers, two mines from the
fifteen gold producers, one mine from the four uranium producers, one from the three iron
producers, and one salt producer.

The following mining operations were sampled at the noted locations. The sampling sites
selected, unless otherwise noted, are currently the IMIS sampling sites.

Base Metal Sulphides

I) Kidd Creek metallurgical complex, representing copper, zinc, lead and silver
producers, was sampled at the final discharge to the Porcupine River.

II) Inco central tailings complex, representing copper, nickel producers, was sampled at
the final discharge to Copper Cliff Creek. This discharge continues down Copper Cliff
Creek into Kelley Lake.

Ml) Mattabi Mines, representing copper, zmc, lead concentrate producers, was sampled at

the outfall of the reclaim pond, going to the Bell River

IV) Geco (Noranda) Mines, representing copper, zinc, lead concentrate producers was

sampled at the outfall of the wastewater treatment plant going to Mose Lake

V ) Falconbridge Nickel Mines representing the copper, nickel producers, was sampled at

the Falconbridge Mine site at the outfall from the control gate into Comston Creek

Iron Ore Operations

i) Sherman Mines, was sampled at the discharge weir outfall to the Tetapaga River and

Lake Temagami.

Denison Mines, was sampled at the Stollery Lake weir, designated sampling spot D-2.
The overflow from this weir goes into the rest of Stollery Lake and thence to the
Serpent River.

Hemlo Gold Mines Inc. representing carbon-in-pulp gold technology. The final effluent
was sampled where the treated effluent enters the White River watershed.

Pamour/Schumacher representing Merrill-Crowe treatment technology combined with
flotation, was sampled at N E. outlet from tailings areas at T-3 - No. 3 decant pier
discharging to the Porcupine River.

SAMPLING LOCATIONS: EFFLUENT STREAM TYPE (see Table 1)

At all sites sampled, with the exception of Mine #4, single grab samples were collected. At
Mine #4. six sub-samples were taken every two hours providing a 12 hour composite sample;
two such samples were collected

The sampling procedure was divided into two sections, those being: training and sampling. The
first section consisted of a training lecture with the representatives of each mine/milling
operation. The second part of the sampling procedure was a hands-on demonstration as the
samples were collected, labelled, preserved and packed. Each mine was provided with a
written sampling manual and data sheets for future sampling programs.

Note: At Joint Technical Committee (JTC) meetings, Eldorado Resources Limited was not

represented by the Ontario Mining Association. Eldorado Resources Limited acted as an
independent member of the JTC and carried out pre-characterization (two runs) of
effluents at its Blind River and Port Hope plants (four effluents appear in Schedule B of
the Sector Effluent Monitoring Regulation: all effluents are categorized as
Smelter-Refinery Effluents.) The general timing, methodology and laboratory used for
this work were identical with the DMA pre-characterization work.

TABLE 1 - SAMPLING LOCATIONS: EFFLUENT STREAM TYPES

MINE #

MINE

SAMPLE POINT

EFFLUENT
STREAM TYPE

.

Base Metal Mines (Cu, Nl

Pb, Zn)

1

Falconbridqe

Treated tailings NIR road effluent

Process

2

Noranda GECO

Overflow from reacter clarifier

Process

3

Mattabi

Treated effluent pond overflow

Process

Lyon Lake mine effluent

Mine Water

4

Kidd Creel<

Overflow from pond D weir

Process

Mine effluent

Mine Water

5

Inco

Copper Cliff Treatment plant effluent

Process

Nolan Creel< effluent plant overflow

Storm Water

Levack Mine effluent

Mine Water

Gold Mines

6

Noranda Hemlo

Treatment plant effluent

Process

7

Pamour Schumacher

Final effluent at T3 discharge weir

Process

Uranium Mine

8

Denison

D2 at weir

Process

Iron Ore Mine

9

Sherman

Weir overflow to Tetapaga River

Process

Duplicate

Salt Mine

1 0 Icanadian Salt

Waste stream composite

Process

SUMMARY

Pre-characterizatlon Data - Conventional Parameters

On a category basis, all conventional parameters that were expected to be present were
detected, on a site specific basis, at the effluent sampling points and at the concentrations that
were expected. These parameters, on a site specific basis, included one or more of the
following:

pH

suspended solids

solvent extractables

phenols

ammonia

copper

nickel

lead

zinc

cyanide

chlorides

arsenic

Small amounts (generally much less than 1 milligram per litre) of parameters not listed above
were found, as expected, on a site specific basis and were generally related to ore chemistry
Examples of these parameters include mercury, selenium and molybdenum.

Boron at levels in excess of 100 milligrams per litre was detected at one plant The source of
the boron has not been definitively traced but is thought to be due to the use of borax (sodium
tetraborate) or a substance that contains borax at the plant.

Pre-characterization Data - Organics

Group A plants do not manufacture organic compounds. A few of the plants use organic
compounds during the processing of ore or concentrate. In most cases, the organics are used
only in "starvation" quantities That is, only a few grams of the organic compounds are used in
the processing of each tonne of ore.

Very few organic compounds were detected even though the detection li
per billion. Compounds detected included the following:

dibromochloromethane

chloroform

trichloroethylene

trichlorofluoromethane

methylene chloride

benzene

ethylbenzene

toluene

nit was set at 1

part

0-xylene

m- p-xylene

1 -methylnapthalene

2-methylnapthalene

napthalene

phenanthrene

p-creso

Of the above list, only the following appeared i

methylene chlorid

aniline

o-xylene

2-methylnapthale(

napthalene

o-cresol

p-cresol

trations at or above 10 parts per billion:

;two plants
one plani
one plant
one plant:
;one plant:
plant:
plant:

10 and 16 ppb)
230 ppb)
12 ppb)
15 ppb)
11 ppb)
15 ppb)
40 ppb)

J

The aniline noted above could not be traced to the plant itself. The source of the aniline is
possibly municipal sewage treatment sludge that is being discharged to a tailings area by a
Regional Municipality.

Terpenes, detected at one plant, were known to have, as their source, the reagent called "f
oil". This reagent is being replaced by methyl amyl alcohol at the plant.

A trace level of OCDD below the Ministry required detection lir
was observed at one plant during the first run No positives we
run. One smelter-refinery effluent contained a trace of OCDD
parts per quadrillion).

lit of 0.3 nanograms per litre
re observed during the second
it 0.044 nanograms per litre (44

PCBs were not detected in any samples.

It should be noted that the pre-charactenzation program that was carried out
users of organic compounds in Group A.

included gil major

MISA ADVISORY COMMITTEE REPORT REGARDING

THE DRAFT EFFLUENT MONITORING REGULATION

FOR THE ONTARIO MINERAL INDUSTRY SECTOR: GROUP A

Ontario

Environmenl I'Environnement

ttxcxiio (Onia/cl

December 20, 1988

The Honourable Jim Bradley
Minister of the Environment
135 St. Clair Avenue West
Toronto, Ontario
MIV 1P5

Dear Mr . Minister :

The MISA Advisory Committee is pleased to submit the attached
Report Regarding the Draft Effluent Monitoring Regulations for
the Ontario Mineral Industry "Group A". It is provided in
response to your letter of November 18, 1908.

The report has the unanimous support of all MISA Advisory
Committee members, including the representative of the Ontario
Mineral Industry, Mr. Brian Bell.

The Ministry and Industry are to be commended for working
diligently in developing a comprehensive regulation package. The
Committee would be pleased to discuss the report with you and
your staff at any time.

Respectfully submitted,

Jim MacLaren, Chairman

for the MISA Advisory Committee

ONTARIO MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT
MUNICIPAL/INDUSTRIAL STRATEGY FOR ABATEMENT

MISA ADVISORY COMMITTEE

REPORT regarding the

EFFLUENT MONITORING REGULATIONS FOR

THE ONTARIO MINERAL INDUSTRY "GROUP A"

December 1988

Jim MacLaren
Chairman

Toby Vigod
Vice-chairman

HISA ADVISORY COMMITTEE (MAC) December 1988

REPORT REGARDING

THE DRAFT EFFLUENT MONITORING REGULATIONS £or the

ONTARIO MINERAL INDUSTRY "GROUP A"

INTRODUCTION

The Development Document for the Draft Effluent Monitoring Regulation for the
Ontario Mineral Industry: Group "A", was provided to the MISA Advisory Committee
on November 4, 1988 (Committee Meeting 39) and tabled on that date in advance
of Meeting 40 on November 10, 1908. At Meeting 40, Ministry staff, namely Nars
Borodczak, MISA Assistant Director, and John Hawley, Senior Sector Specialist,
explained the document and answered questions. Mr. Brian Bell, the Mining
Sector Representative to the Committee, attended the meeting and provided the
Industrial perspective to the development of the regulation.

The MISA Advisory Committee had been briefeJ on tlie nature of the Mineral
Industry and the regulation-development proc.ss at previous meetings:

- June 12, 1987 - MAC Meeting 11

- "Sector overview" briefing provided by OMA

- September 30 to October 2,1987

- MAC site tour hosted by OMA and participating
companies at mines in Sudbury and Tlmmins; 'interim
report for MISA pre-regulation monitoring program'
provided to MAC members by sector representatives.

- May 27, 1988 - MAC Meeting 32

- presentation of conceptual "Principles document" (May
9) to form the basis of the sector monitoring
regulation.

As well, Harvey Clare participated as the MISA Advisory Committee observer on
the Sector Joint Technical Committee.

At the November 10 meeting, committee members expressed the concern that one
omission in the development document was a suitably detailed description of the
pre-regulation monitoring program and an explanation of the use of the results
to form the regulatory requirements. At its meeting on November 25, additional
tables and explanation were provided to address this concern.

ADVICE TO THE MINISTER

The MISA Advisory Committee has reviewed the Development Document and generally
supports the regulation. The Joint Technical Committee should be commended for
preparing a compreiiensive development document.

The MISA Advisory Committee recommends this regulation package be released for
public review.

REGULATION-SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS

The MISA Advisory Committee recommends that the effluent monitoring regulation
include a requirement for the continuing monitoring of a select list of
parameters to cover the period which may elapse between effluent monitoring
requirements and effluent limits enforcement.

MISA Advisory Conmilttee Report regarding the Draft Effluent Monltori
Regulations for the Ontario Mineral Industry: Group "A"

Submitted, December 6, 1988

MISA ADVISORY COMMITT]

Toby Vigod, Vice-Chaitraan
Isobel Heathcote, Member
Don Hackay, Member/

Brian Bell^, Member,' representing

the Ontario Mineral Industry Group "A"

PART VIII

MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT'S RESPONSE TO
THE MISA ADVISORY COMMITTEE REPORT

Ministry
of the
Environment

Mr. J. MacLaren

Chairman

MISA Advisory Committee

Suite 502

112 St. Clair Avenue West

Toronto, Ontario

M4V 1N3

Dear Mr. MacLaren:

I would like to thank you and the members of
the MISA Advisory Committee (MAC) for your review of
the Draft Effluent Monitoring Regulation for the
Ontario Mineral Industry: Group "A" Sector.

I am attaching the Ministry's response to
the specific recommendation made by MAC on the Ontario
Mineral Industry: Group "A" monitoring regulation.

I hope that the statements made will assist

members of the public in reviewing the regulation and

providing comments to make it the best regulation
possible.

Yours sincerely.

^^isui^

Jim Bradley
Minister

RESPONSE TO THE MISA ADVISORY COWIITTKE RECXIWKNDATION

DM THE OWTARIO MINERAL INDUSTRY; GROUP *A* DRAFT

REGUIATI«<

Throughout the regulation development process, the
MISA Advisory Committee (MAC) has reviewed selected
drafts of the regulation and provided comments to the
Joint Industry/Government Technical Committee for the
Ontario Mineral Industry: Group "A" Sector (JTC).
Many of these comments have been accepted and
incorporated into successive versions of the Draft
Regulation package. The MAC, after reviewing the
penultimate draft, has submitted its final report
which is available for public review.

The major recommendation from MAC and the
corresponding MCE response is provided as follows:

MAC Recommendation

The MISA Advisory Committee recommends that the
effluent monitoring regulation include a requirement
for the continuing aonitoring of a select list of
parameters to cover the period which may elapse
between effluent monitoring requirements and effluent
limits enforcement.

MCE Response

The draft regulation has been modified to include a
requirement for the continuing monitoring of a select
list of parameters to cover the period which may
elapse between effluent monitoring requirements and
effluent limits enforcement.

PART IX

THE PUBLIC REVIEW PERIOD

PART IX THE PUBLIC REVIEW PERIOD

"The Development Document for the Draft Effluent Monitoring Regulation for the Ontario
Mineral Industry Sector: Group A" was released for public comment on February 23, 1989.
Because the document was not immediately available to all parties, the period for review of the
document was extended to April 10, 1989. The document received extensive media coverage
(newspapers, radio, television and trade journals) within the Province.

No written comments were received from the general public by the end of the review period in
spite of the intensive effort that had been made to involve the general public in the review of
the document.

Written comments were received from the Ontano Mining Association and from a limited
number of individual companies in the Province.

The Ministry of the Environment used the public review period to update the status of all
companies listed in Schedule B of the draft regulation.

GENERAL COMMENTS FROM INDUSTRY

General comments received from the Ontario Mining Association and from individual companies
in the Province fell into the following broad areas:

1 . comments on the amount of data that will be generated by the regulation:

2. comments on the cost of the program;

3. comments on the ultimate use of the data that will be generated by the regulation,
and:

4. commenls on potential problems with transportation, sampling and analysis due to
the remote nature of some plants and the severe weather that may be
encountered during winter months.

Comments on the amount of data, the use of the data and the overall cost of the program to
industry were phrased as follows:

the industry is "concerned that the large number of monitoring points will
generate more data than is actually required to meet the goals of the Regulation "

the industry "seriously questions whether the 20 - 30 million dollar expenditure
to gatner these data is required in order to meet the objectives. A portion of this
money would be better spent on treatment."

"the Monitoring Regulation will produce a staggering amount of data The mining
industry of Ontario will spend from 20 - 30 million dollars to characterize the
effluent from the mines. We are naturally concerned that this is money well
spent and that the data itself is meaningful."

The Ministry replied, m writing, to all written comments received

The general Ministry response to the high stated cost of the Monitoring Regulation was that
"this cost, in pari, is due to the large number of companies m Group A and, in part, to factors
such as the remote locations of some Group A companies. In general, however, on a company
by company basis, the cost of the Group A Regulation is comparable to the costs involved in the
other major industrial sectors being regulated under the MISA program." In addition, the
predicted total costs of the Regulation to the industry is now somewhat less (perhaps 26 per
cent less) due to the closure of some plants and the subsequent elimination of sampling points
from Schedule B of the draft regulations.

With regard to comments concerning the amount and use of data, the Ministry replied that "the
Group A monitoring schedules were set up so that statistically valid results would be achieved
whenever and wherever possible. Since 12 data points are necessary in the program to
calculate vahd monthly loadings, sampling for the parameters that most commonly define Group
A effluents is on a "three times per week" basis (12 data points per month). In order to
calculate valid yearly loadings. 12 data points are required. In other words, in order to
calculate valid yearly loadings, one representative sample per month is required. Normally,
sampling on a quarterly basis would not give rise to results that would or could lead to the
calculation of valid yearly loadings. However, the Joint Technical Committee recognized that,
in general. Group A effluents are held for a varying but substantial length of time {unlike most
effluents in other MISA sectors). As a result, it was felt that quarterly sampling of Group A
effluents would result in data that would be statistically valid."

The above represents the minimum amount of data per sampling point that is necessary to allow
the Ministry to use the data with confidence. The data will be used, along with other relevant
statistically valid data, to derive an equitable limits regulation that will be applied to Group A
plants The data will be used in a constructive and reasonable manner for the purposes of the
MISA program.

With regard to potential problems that might be encountered by some Group A plants due to
severe (winter) weather or remote locations, the Monitoring Regulation was written in a
manner that should pe'-mit most of these problems to be avoided or minimized. For example:

Remote Locations: The time available for a plant to report lest results is never
less than two months and. in many cases, is three months.

Varying Work Schedules: The times of the day and the days on which samples are
to be taken are not specified. Sampling on a "three times per week" basis, for
example, can take place on any day of the week as long as a minimum interval
between samples is maintained. This allows samples to be taken when
transportation and staff are available and when sampling conditions are
acceptable.

Poor Weather When sampling or flow measurement become dangerous due to
poor weather, only reporting of the situation s required. However, such
situations are largely avoided by the flexibility provided in the sampling
requirements as noted above.

SPECIFIC COMMENTS FROM INDUSTRY

A number of specific comments were received from the Ontario Mining Association and from
industry that related to technical aspects of the (Monitoring Regulation. The results of these
comments as they impact on the Monitoring Regulation are noted below:

1 . Specific Conductance: It was noted that while specific conductance (Analytical
Test Group 7) had been replaced by a "dissolved solids" requirement within the
regulation, a requirement for specific conductance still remained within the
quarterly sampling requirements. This has been corrected and, as a result,
specific conductance has been eliminated from the quarterly sampling
requirements.

2. M5 Iron and M7 Uranium: In the draft development document, a duplicate
requirement for the quarterly monitoring of iron and uranium occurred.
Monitoring for iron and uranium on a quarterly basis was required both in M5, M7
and in Analytical Test Group 29. The M5 and M7 quarterly requirements for
these substances have been dropped.

3. Under "Quality Control Monitoring", a phrase that originally read "one travelling
spiked blank sample for each sample collected under section 7 for analysis for
parameters in analytical test groups 16 to 21" has been corrected to read
"analytical test groups 16 to 20, 23 and 27".

4. Under "Reporting" (13-3), the phrase "and under subsection 4(12) of the General
Regulation" has been removed. It had no relevance to the Group A regulation.

5. Under "Timing" (14-3), subsection 3(4) was missed and is now included.

CHANGES MADE TO SCHEDULE B (LIST OF PLANTS) OF THE DRAFT
EFFLUENT MONITORING REGULATION

During the public review period. Schedule B (the list of plants) of the Effluent Monitoring
Regulation was updated (now Schedule A). This was necessary in order to reflect the many
changes that had occurred within the Ontario Mineral Industry over the previous 12 months.

In order for a plant to appear on Schedule A, the plant must discharge an average total effluent
volume of 50,000 litres or more per day. In the early stages of the preparation of the
regulation, a plant was on the formerly called Schedule B if the plant had a Ministry of the
Environment Permit to Take Water (a Permit was needed if more than 50.000 litres per day of
water were to be taken). However, the Joint Technical Committee came to realize that several
plants in the province held Permits to Take Water but did not actually take water or took less
than the minimum amount for which a Permit is required. Since the Monitoring Regulation is
only concerned with documenting the chemical nature of significant flows of industrial
wastewater, the criteria for the inclusion of a plant on Schedule B (now Schedule A) became the
fact that 50,000 litres per day of effluent was being discharged rather than the fact that a
plant held a Permit to Take Water. Technically speaking, the average effluent volume of a plant

is based on the average effluent volume being discharged by a plant over any 30 representative
operating days in any quarter (3 month pehod).

While a plant that discharges 50,000 litres per day or more is subject to the Monitoring
Regulation, some plants are given Exploration or Development status This status exempts a
plant from almost all aspects of the Regulation. A plant with this status only has to report
monitoring or flow data requirements that are already on existing Ministry of the Environment
Certificates of Approval or Control Orders. A plant is given Exploration or Development status
if and only if all conditions outlined under the definition of "exploration or development
property' are met.

A plant should not be listed in Schedule A when there is a documented reasonable expectation
that the plant will close permanently before or during the sampling life of the Monitoring
Regulation, Similarly, plants commencing production during the sampling life of the Monitoring
Regulation will not be added to Schedule A. The reason for the above is that all data being
generated by the regulation must be statistically valid and a full data set (spring, summer, fall
and winter) is normally required. Partial data sets are acceptable when a plant is m full
operation over the life of the regulation but discharges effluents on a seasonal basis.

Since all major active properties are being sampled under the MISA program using identical
protocols and techniques, data from one plant cannot be extrapolated to another existing plant
since that plant will have already been sampled under identical circumstances. As a result,
data collected at a plant will only be specifically applicable to that plant. All complete data sets
will be pooled so that industry-wide averages and conditions can be calculated and noted.

The basic criteria for the acceptance of data by the MISA office for use in the limits regulation
discussions is that normal plant operations existed dunng the sampling period. "Normal"
includes strikes, vacation shutdowns and shutdowns for normal maintenance. In essence, the
program is documenting the detailed chemical nature of representative effluents within Group A
over a 12 month period.

With regard to all of the above, the following changes were made to Schedule A (formerly
Schedule B) of the Draft Effluent Monitoring Regulation:

CHANGE

Mattabi Mines Limited and
Noranda Lyon Lake Division

deleted

property to close during life of

regulation due to lack of ore

if additional ore found to keep mill

running, will again be added to list

Detour Lake Mines Limited

name change

to Placer-Dome. Detour Lake Mine

Ateba Mines Limited
Beardmore, Ontario

EXP/DEV status

Renabie Gold Mines Limited

additional minewater sampling point

Emerald Lake Resources
Golden Rose

Canamax Resources Incorporated
Matheson East Zone and Clavos

St. Joe Canada Limited
Muskegsagagen Lake

McFinley Red Lake Mines Limited

Muscocho Explorations Limited
Magnacon Mine

deleted
inactive

name change

to Bond Gold Canada Limited

EXP/DEV status

effluent category changed from
minewater effluent to process
effluent

Muscocho Explorations Limited
Jerome Mine

EXP/DEV status

Citadel Gold Mines Incorporated
McMurray Township

effluent category changed from
minewater effluent to process

Granges Exploration Limited
Mishibishu Lake

Tandem Resources/Storimin
Exploration

Sandy K Mines Limited
Gowganda

Diepdaume Mines Limited

Chesbar Resources incc.porated
Chester Township

Belmoral Mines Limited
Broulan Reef

- EXP/DEV

status

- deleted

- inactive

- deleted

- inactive

- deleted

- inactive

- added to

ISt

EXP/DEV status

Belmoral Mines Limited
Vedron

Associated Porcupine Mines Limited
Paymaster

Eastmaque Gold Mines Limited
Kirkland Lake

added to list

Getty Resources
Davidson-Tisdale

deleted

inactive

St. Andrew Gold Fields
Taylor Township

deleted
inactive

Wabigoon Development Incorporated
Hunter Mine

deleted
inactive

Maude Lake Mine
Carr Township

deleted
inactive

Victoria Porcupine Resources
Naybob

Madeleine Mines Limited/
Boise Minerals Incorporated
Scramble Mine

Orofino Resources Limited
Silk Township

Dofasco Incorporated
Adams Mine
Sherman Mine

Agnico-Eagle Mines Limited

Penn Mill

Langis Mine

Beaver-Timiskammg Mine

Refinery

Silver Century Decline

deleted

inactive

deleted

to close permanently during I

regulation

deleted
inactive

Agnico-Eagle Mm
Penna Mine

Hellens-Eplett Mining Incorporated
Cobalt

deleted

!-iactive

McFinley Red Lake Mines Limited
Bateman Township

deleted

inactive

Golden Shield Resources Limited
Virginiatown

Falconbridge Limi
Owl Creek Mine

production terminated
EXP'DEV status

Giant Yellowknife Mines Limited - EXP/DEV status

Ross Mine