vrcrnt^r^;^ V ^^7,J. STOPPING M«"<5<»v,' E a o V) 0) Oi-O ^ 4-> (^ >« if a 3 O £ X OP o ra >- w (- O 3 a; r (/I QC Q a Q U- a 1- u A-3 secondary/tertiary treatment such as carbon adsorption systems. The remaining plants discharge their effluent directly to the receiving streams with no treatment. Dilution of the final effluent with cooling water is common in this Sector. For the purposes of this Regulation, the Inorganic Chemical Sector is defined to include all direct discharging plants, primarily engaged in the processing, manufacturing, packaging or blending of inorganic chemicals. Inactive inorganic chemical sites which have direct point source discharges to surface watercourses are also included. The Sector can also be described in terms of the Standard Industrial Classification codes as used by Statistics Canada (1). Major Group 33- Other Electrical Industrial Equipment Industries 3399 Carbon electrodes Major Group 35- Non-Metallic Mineral Products Industries 3571 Abrasives industry, granular product 3594 Non-metallic mineral insulating industry Major Group 37- Chemical And Chemical Products Industries 371 1 Bulk inorganic chemical industry 372 1 -3729 Chemical fertilizer industry 3799 Explosives industry VII SECTOR OVERVIEW This section provides a sector overview of the Inorganic Chemical Sector companies summarizing details such as types of processes used at each facility, number of employees and water u.se at each site. Reference is also made to any historical surveys or studies conducted at these sites by Environment Canada or the Ministry. A-4 Albright and Wilson Americas - Port Maitland. The Albright and Wilson plant is located in Port Maitland at the mouth of the Grand River on Lake Erie. The plant employing approximately 70 people, manufactures phosphoric acid, di-sodium phosphate, tri-sodium phosphate, sodium tri-polyphosphate, tetra- sodium pyrophosphate, tetra-potassium pyrophosphate, di-potassium phosphate and potassium polyphosphate. Phosphoric acid is produced in a furnace where yellow phosphorus is burned in air and then hydrated to give the required product acid concentration. This acid is then reacted with sodium and potassium salts to produce industrial phosphate products. Sodium based phosphates are used as water softeners in detergents. Potassium based phosphates are used as inhibitors in automotive engine coolants, additives for coffee creamers and liquid detergents. Water for the plant is pumped from Lake Erie at a rate of 5,000 cubic metres per day. The site discharges into the Grand River via the Welland feeder canal. The final effluent is made up mostly of once through cooling water, with some additions from ion-exchanger backwashes, water softener columns and boiler blowdowns. Once through cooling water is used for cooling phosphoric acid and liquid potassium phosphate products. There is one cooling tower on site to cool water from the burner, hydrator and venturi jackets. There have been no special studies done by Environment Canada or the Ministry on wastewater discharges from this site. There are no monitoring requirements for this plant under the Ministry's Industrial Monitoring Information System (IMIS)(2). Allied Chemicals Canada Inc - Amherstburg. The Allied Chemicals plant which employs approximately 100 people is located just outside the town of Amherstburg along the Detroit River. The Allied Chemicals facility originally included the General Chemical Canada complex where soda ash and calcium chloride are produced. However due to a corporate spin-off, Allied Chemicals Canada and General Chemical Canada are now separate, independent companies operating at the same location. Allied Chemicals operates the hydrofluoric acid plant, the Genetron* facility (which produces chlorofluorocarbons) and is responsible for effluent discharges from an on-site quarry. Hydrogen fluoride is produced from the reaction of sulphuric acid A-5 and fluorspar (calcium fluoride), with gypsum (calcium sulphate) being fonned as a by-product. The Genetron* facility produces chlorofluorocarbons by the reaction of carbon tetrachloride or chloroform with hydrogen fluoride. Hydrogen fluoride is used as a catalyst in the petroleum industry, as an additive for dyes and in the manufacture of certain plastics. Chlorofluorocarbons are used as refrigerants and as blowing agents in the manufacture of plastic foams. Intake water is supplied by General Chemical Canada from the Detroit River. Wastewater from the hydrogen fluoride plant consists of a neutralized gypsum residue stream which is pumped to a settling basin. The supernatant liquid is recycled back into the process while excess liquid is bled to the General Chemical soda ash waste settling basin which discharges to the Detroit River. Waste streams from the Genetron* plant include a drain from a collection sump for process effluent, spills and washdowns which discharge into General Chemical's North Drain. A waste hydrochloric acid stream is pumped to General Chemical's soda ash waste settling basin. A small caustic stream is sent to General Chemical for addition to its brine mud. The stream is treated to reduce chlorides before it is returned to the hydrogen fluoride plant for neutralization of the gypsum by-product stream. A once-through cooling water stream from the compressors is discharged into General Chemical's Main Drain. Allied Chemicals also discharges effluent from an on-site quarry. This old mined-out quarry collects storm water and chloride contaminated ground water. The Ministry has required the plant to keep the level of quarry water below the ground water level to reduce the extent of ground water contamination. The quarry is periodically pumped to the South Drain which discharges to the Detroit River. As all effluent streams from Allied Chemicals (except the on-site quarry) discharge into General Chemical's effluent drains, there is no historical data on pollutants in waste streams from Allied Chemicals Canada. There are no IMIS (2) monitoring requirements for Allied Chemicals Canada. *- Genetron is a registered trade mark of Allied Chemicals Canada Inc. for its chlorofluorocarbon products. A-6 Cabot Canada Ltd - Samia. The Cabot Canada facility is located in Samia and employs approximately 180 people. It manufactures carbon black by the oil furnace process. Aromatic tars are heated in the presence of air in a refractory lined furnace where they are cracked at approximately 1600 degrees Celsius into carbon and hydrogen. Carbon black is used in the manufacture of automotive tires, inks, paint pigments and carbon paper. Intake water is supplied from Polysar Limited at a rate of 240 cubic metres per day. Water is used in the process as a quench to control the temperature after the cracking reaction and is also added to the pelletizing process. All storm water that accumulates on site is collected and treated with alum to precipitate suspended solids in a settling lagoon. The wastewater is then passed through filter beds before final discharge to Talford Creek. The lagoon also collects water from boiler blowdowns, air conditioning units and wash water. A second lagoon is used as a stand-by. A 1980 St. Clair River Point Source Study (3) was conducted at this facility by Environment Canada. Since only one sample was taken, no conclusions were made from this study. There are no IMIS (2) monitoring requirements for this facility. C-I-L Inc. - Cornwall. The C-I-L chlor-alkali plant, which dates back to 1935, is located in Cornwall and employs approximately 1 60 people. It shares the same manufacturing complex with Cornwall Chemicals Ltd., a producer of carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulphide and sodium hydrosulphide. Effluent from Cornwall Chemicals Ltd. discharges into the Brookdale Ave. sewer upstream of the chlor-alkali discharge point and is regulated under the "Organic Chemical Manufacturing Sector Effluent Monitoring Regulation". The chlor-alkali plant produces caustic soda, caustic potash, chlorine, hydrogen, hydrochloric acid, chlorinated paraffins and sodium hypochlorite. These are used in the manufacture of various products including PVC plastics, bleaches and in the treatment of wood pulp. Chlorine and caustic soda are produced from the electrolytic decomposition of brine solution. An electric current is passed through a flowing brine solution to decompose the sodium chloride. The sodium ion forms an amalgam with mercury (the anode) and flows to a decomposer. Water is added to the decomposer and A-7 reacts with the sodium ion to form sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. The chloride ion travels to the anode plate where chlorine gas is liberated. Potassium hydroxide is also manufactured when potassium chloride is used in place of the brine solution. Hydrochloric acid is produced by the combustion of chlorine and hydrogen, a by-product from the manufacture of caustic soda. The acid vapour is absorbed in water to form the final product. Intake water for the C-I-L site is largely supplied from the city of Cornwall. However during the summer, well water is used to supplement the city water supply. Principal water uses include make- up for the brine circuit, dilution water for caustic solutions, seal water in brine pumps, cooling tower make-up, an absorber for hydrochloric gas to make acid, as cell room wash water and for the general washdown of equipment. Wastewater from the cell-room is treated with iron sulphate and sodium hydrosulphide to precipitate mercury. It is adjusted for pH and filtered before mixing with water from other areas of the plant. The combined effluent from the chlor-alkali complex discharges into the Brookdale Ave. sewer. The facility currently monitors mercury and other conventional parameters for the IMIS program (2). All effluent from mercury cell chlor-alkali facilities are federally regulated, requiring daily monitoring for mercury. Environment Canada conducted a study in 1981-82 for priority pollutants in effluent from chlor-alkali facilities (4). The complex was monitored for priority pollutants as part of the Cornwall Point Source Study in 1980 (5). C-I-L Inc. - Courtright Works. C-I-L' s facility is located on the south side of the town of Courtright adjacent to the St. Clair River. It is one of the largest fenilizer facilities in Canada and manufactures ammonia, granular urea, urea solution, sulphur coated urea, ammonium nitrate, nitric acid, nitrogen solutions and carbon dioxide. Prior to 1986, this plant also produced phosphoric acid and ammonium phosphate. Ammonia is produced by the reaction of hydrogen gas with nitrogen over a catalyst at elevated temperatures and pressures. Natural gas is reformed at high temperatures to supply hydrogen, while nitrogen is supplied from the air. Carbon dioxide is formed as a by-product. Urea is manufactured by the reaction of ammonia with carbon A-8 dioxide to form ammonium carbamate, which is then dehydrated to give a final urea product solution. Solid urea is formed by subjecting this urea solution to granulation or prilling operations. Some of the urea is then coated with liquid sulphur to be sold as sulphur coated urea. Nitric acid is produced by reacting ammonia with air over a catalyst at high temperature to give nitrogen dioxide, which is then absorbed in water to produce nitric acid. Ammonium nitrate is manufactured by neutralizing ammonia with nitric acid in a reactor to form ammonium nitrate solution. This solution is then "prilled" to form solid grains or prills of ammonium nitrate. Intake water is pumped from the St. Clair River at a rate of approximately 350,000 cubic metres per day. Process condensate from one of the two ammonia plants is used to saturate the natural gas, while condensate from the second plant is steam stripped to recover ammonia. Once through cooling water streams from the ammonia, urea, nitrogen solutions, ammonium nitrate, and nitric acid plants, are combined with the process streams before final discharge to the St. Clair River. Compressor and boiler blowdowns are discharged into the cooling water streams. Condensate from the ammonium nitrate neutralizer, floor washings, and other wastewater from the ammonium nitrate prill area is used to make nitrogen fertilizer solutions. Prior to 1986, process water from the phosphate facilities was sent to two large lagoons for solids settling (mostly gypsum) and cooling before being recycled back into the process. As the phosphate operation is presendy shutdown, approximately 1.3 million cubic metres of pondwater is being stored in these lagoons. The water contains fluorides, ammonia, phosphates, low levels of dinitrotoluene and low level radioactivity. Gypsum is a solid by-product of the phosphoric acid process. Fluoride is present due to it being a constituent of phosphate rock. C-I-L is developing plans for the treatment and controlled discharge of this pondwater. Technological options are being considered at this time. Process wastewater, once-through cooling water, and surface runoff discharge to a network of open and closed sewers, and ditches which are combined to give a single final effluent discharge into the St. Clair River. The final effluent from this facility was sampled as part of the Upper Great Lakes Connecting Channels Study (UGLCCS)(6). The study idendfied C-I-L as being a major source of iron, ammonia, nitrogen, and suspended solids. The plant was sampled in the 1980 Environment Canada fertilizer A-9 plant studies (7). The site monitors for fluoride, nitrate, ammonia, pH, phosphorus, and dinitrotoluene (when discharging from the lagoons), as part of the IMIS monitoring program (2). Columbian Chemicals Canada Ltd - Hamilton. Columbian Chemicals Canada is located in Hamilton and employs approximately 1 10 people. The facility produces carbon black by the furnace process. It has two storm water discharge locations which discharge into Windermere Bay. There are no direct discharging process or combined effluent streams. Carbon black is used in the production of automotive tires, inks, paint pigments and carbon paper. Carbon black is manufactured by the thermal cracking of carbon black oil feedstock in a furnace at temperatures of approximately 1,600 degrees Celsius. The feedstock is cracked to give carbon and a waste gas stream of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The hydrogen is used as a source of energy for the waste heat boilers. The carbon is recovered as a powdered product. The majority of the carbon produced is pelletized before shipment. Intake water is pumped from Hamilton Bay at a rate of 1,635 cubic metres per day. This water is used as a quench for temperature reduction of the carbon black after it leaves the furnace, and as an additive to the pelletizing operation. City water is used for boiler feed water and compressor cooling. All wastewater generated from boiler blowdowns, compressor cooling and water treatment systems is discharged to the sanitary sewer. Contaminated water that collects within the process area is collected in a sump and recycled back into the operation as process quench water. Storm water is passed through a series of make-shift sand filters before final discharge to Windermere Bay. There have been no special Environment Canada or Ministry studies of effluent discharges from this facility. There are no monitoring requirements for this plant under the IMIS program (2). A- 10 Cyanamid Canada Inc. - Niagara plant. Cyanamid Canada's Niagara plant is located in the city of Niagara Falls and employs approximately 300 people. It manufactures calcium carbide, calcium cyanide, calcium cyanamide and desulphurization reagents. Calcium carbide is made by reacting coke with lime in an electric - arc furnace at a temperature of 2,000-2,200 degrees Celsius. Calcium cyanamide is formed from the reaction of calcium carbide with nitrogen and small quantities of fluorspar. By-products formed from these processes include carbon monoxide, oxygen, calcium and carbonate sludge. Desulphurizing reagents are formed from the blending of diamide lime with calcium carbide. Calcium carbide is used in the steel industry for desulphurizing steel, in the generation of acetylene and as an intermediate for calcium cyanide. Calcium cyanide is used in the gold refining industry. Intake water is pumped from the Hydro canal at a rate of approximately 26,450 cubic metres per day. The water is used mostly for cooling jackets of the electric furnaces and transformer cables. Approximately half of the cooling water is discharged directly back to the Hydro canal, the remainder is sent to the cooling water pond where it can be re-used for cooling purposes in the plant. Overflow from the cooling water pond discharges continuously to Whitty Creek and eventually into the Niagara River. Contamination of cooling water within the plant occurs from spills of raw materials and product into storm drains which discharge directly into the cooling water channels. The site monitors pH, cyanide, phosphorus, suspended solids and BOD under the IMIS program (2). Under the Niagara River Monitoring Information System program (NIAMIS) (8), the Ministry conducts on average 3 partial characterizations per year on the two effluent discharges from the plant. Cyanamid Canada Inc. - Welland plant. Cyanamid Canada's Welland plant is located on the south side of Niagara Falls on the Welland River. It manufactures ammonia, dicyandiamide, 50% cyanamide solutions, phosphine and phosphine derivatives, and electronic grade chemicals. It presently employs approximately 300 people. It has one final effluent discharge into Miller's Creek which drains into the Welland River. A-11 Ammonia is manufactured by the reaction of hydrogen gas with nitrogen over a catalyst at elevated temperatures and pressures. Natural gas is reformed at high temperatures to supply hydrogen, while nitrogen is supplied from the air. Carbon dioxide is formed as a by-product. Dicyandiamide is formed when hydrogen cyanamide solution is reacted at elevated pH. The resulting dicyandiamide is crystallized, centrifuged and dried. Hydrogen cyanamide solution is also concentrated and stabilized as a finished product. Phosphine gas is produced when yellow phosphorus is heated with steam in a reactor. Other derivatives are also produced from the phosphine gas. Prior to May 1987, the Cyanamid Welland plant manufactured nitric acid, ammonium nitrate and calcium phosphate. Urea was also produced at this site. These products are no longer manufactured. Intake water is pumped from the Welland River at a rate of 28,800 cubic metres per day. Wastewaters are generated from boiler, compressor, cooling tower, and steam plant blowdowns. Wastewater also originates from once - through cooling water streams, barometric condensers and a sludge pond. All process units discharge into Miller's Creek which runs through the Cyanamid property. There is an active sludge pond on site which receives waste sludge material from the phosphine and dicyandiamide plants. The final effluent discharge from this facility has been subject to sudden pH and specific conductance spikes in the past. Cyanamid has since installed an equalization pond upstream of its final sampling location to reduce the occurrence of these surges in the effluent. The plant monitors ammonia, nitrates, Kjeldahl nitrogen, pH, BOD, suspended solids, chromium and phosphorus under the IMIS program The Ministry under the NIAMIS program (8) conducts on average 3 characterizations per year on the final discharge from the plant. The Exolon - ESK Company of Canada Ltd - Thorold, The Exolon - ESK facility is located in Thorold and produces aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, and ferro-silicon. It employs approximately 100 people and has one final effluent discharge into Beaverdam pond and eventually to Lake Gibson. Aluminum oxide is manufactured by the fusing of bauxite ore with a A-12 small amount of coke in a large electric-arc furnace. The melt is poured into large ladles where it cools and solidifies. This solid material is then crushed to produce the final abrasive grains. Ferro- silicon, a by-product, is recovered from the ladle bottoms. Silicon carbide is manufactured by reacting sand and coke, at 2,000 degrees Celsius, in a horizontal furnace. Intake water is pumped from the Welland River at a rate of 1 80 cubic metres per day. Water is used to provide cooling for furnace shells, transformers, and ladles. All the cooling water is sent to a sedimentation pond before discharge to Beaverdam Pond. Storm water from the plant discharges with the final effluent into Beaverdam Pond. The site monitors oil & grease, and suspended solids under the IMIS monitoring program (2). E T I Explosives Technologies International - North Bay. Explosives Technologies International is located just outside the City of North Bay and employs approximately 150 people. The plant was sold by Du Pont Canada in 1988 to Canadian Investment Capital and now operates under the name of Explosives Technologies International. It presently manufactures two types of explosives, ANFO (a mixture of ammonium nitrate and fuel oil) which is sold under the trade name of "Nilite", and water gel explosives. Up until 1985, the facility, under Du Pont Canada, also manufactured ammonium nitrate and nitric acid. Intake water is pumped from Lake Nipissing at 3,900 cubic metres per day. However only half of the water is used. The remainder is sent to La Vase Lake. In the water gel process, water is used for making the water gel solutions, equipment washdowns, reworking waste solutions and general housekeeping. Most of this water is recycled, however a portion is purged and sent to a holding pond on site. In summer the wastewater from the pond is then sprayed on land adjacent to the pond. Water is used in the ANFO process for wash-downs only. This water is also collected and sent to the holding pond. The facility discharges its wastewater through one outfall into La Vase Lake. This wastewater consists of excess intake water from Lake Nipissing, once-through cooling water, boiler blowdown, surface A-13 run-off from the old ammonium nitrate/nitric acid plants, and leachate from the irrigated sections of land. Effluent discharges from this facility are monitored under IMIS for pH, ammonia, nitrate and nitrite, and suspended solids (2). There have been no Environment Canada or Ministry studies of effluent discharges from this facility. Fiberglas Canada Inc - Sarnia. Fiberglas Canada is located on Kenny Street in Sarnia, and has a total work force of 455 people. The plant produces various grades of glass fibre insulation for home building, commercial and industrial applications. The facility has one final effiuent discharge into the Cole Drain. There is no treatment of this wastewater. Glass fibre insulation is basically glass fibres bound together with a phenol-formaldehyde thermosetting resin. Boro-silicate glass, which is produced in an electric-arc furnace, is fed as a melt to a fibre forming machine. Phenol-formaldehyde binder is then sprayed onto the fibres as part of the forming process. Binder coated fibres are formed into a continuous "pack" on a conveyor. Some of the products are conveyed to a gas-fired curing oven to set the resin, and then shaped and packaged to final product specifications. Roofing and acoustical products are impiu^ted with a facing material on the insulation. Intake water is supplied from Polysar Limited at a rate of 5,200 cubic metres per day. Water is used within the plant for cooling glass fibre insulation, to cool and solidify the molten glass stream when the unit is being shut down (cullet water), as make-up water for binder solution, and for washing down conveyors and equipment. Once-through cooling water is used for the furnace, compressors, and emergency generators. Water which contacts the binder materials is recycled into the process as binder dilution water, with any excess being hauled away as a liquid industrial waste. The cullet water is screened for glass beads before being discharged into the Cole Drain. The recovered glass beads are recycled into the furnace. Fiberglas Canada operates a solid waste disposal site at Scott Road. Liquid effluent from this facility is sent to Dow Chemical for treatment, after which it is returned to Fiberglas for storage. This liquid is then shipped for disposal as a liquid industrial waste. The site presently monitors phenols under the IMIS program (2). There have been no special Ministry or Environment Canada studies of effluent from this facility. A-14 General Chemical Canada Ltd - Amherstburg. General Chemical Canada Ltd. is located beside the Detroit River just outside the town of Amherstburg. It employs approximately 500 people and manufactures soda ash and calcium chloride. Allied Chemicals Canada Inc. manufactures Genetrons* (chlorofluorocarbons) and hydrogen fluoride at the same complex. General Chemical Canada has two outfalls which discharge into the Detroit River, the North Drain and the Main Drain. Soda ash is produced by the Solvay process. Brine solution is pumped from wells where it is carbonated and reacted with slaked lime to form sodium carbonate product, and calcium chloride a co- product. The calcium chloride solution also contains sodium chloride, lime, inert solids and ammonia. This solution is pumped to the calcium chloride plant where it is clarified and concentrated to produce a final product. Excess liquid is sent to the soda ash settling basin. Soda ash is used as a major raw material in the manufacture of sodium salts, glass, detergents, as a reagent in ore processing and for pH control. Principal uses of calcium chloride include dust control and maintenance of secondary roads, freeze conditioning for coal and ores, as a conditioner for concrete and as a dehydrating agent. Intake water is pumped from the Detroit River at a rate of 100,000 cubic metres per day. Wastewater generated from within the plant is sent for processing to the calcium chloride plant. Calcium chloride is recovered from this wastewater after which it is pumped to a large lagoon for settling of solid material. A bleed stream from Allied Chemicals hydrogen fluoride facility is also pumped to the large lagoon for removal of suspended solids. The clarified water from this lagoon is sent to the Detroit River via the North Drain. Waste streams from the lime kilns, boiler blowdowns and barometric condensers are sent to the Main Drain. Allied Chemicals chlorofluorocarbons plant also discharges a process waste stream into the General Chemical's Nonh Drain. The 1988 UGLCCS (6) identified General Chemical Canada as being a source of copper, arsenic, cobalt, chlorides, ammonia, total organic carbon, fluoride and chromium in its effluent. The site monitors chloride, fluoride and ammonia under the IMIS program (2). * - Genetron is a registered trade mark of Allied Chemicals Canada Inc. for its chlorofluorocarbon product. A-15 International Minerals and Chemicals Corporation Limited - Port Maitland. The International Minerals and Chemicals Corporation plant is situated in Port Maitland, along the Grand River at Lake Erie. Presently employing only 12 people, this site has been shutdown since 1984, and is now being used as a warehouse facility for imported phosphate fertilizers and animal feed phosphates. It has one final effluent discharging into the Grand River. The plant manufactured phosphoric and sulphuric acid, calcium phosphate, and various grades of super phosphate fertilizer. Sulphuric acid was made from elemental sulphur, where sulphur dioxide, from the sulphur "roaster" was catalyzed to sulphur trioxide and hydrated to produce sulphuric acid. The sulphuric acid was then reacted with phosphate rock to produce phosphoric acid and super phosphate fertilizers. To produce calcium phosphate, limestone was reacted with the phosphoric acid after which the calcium phosphate product was dried, ground, and screened to make a final product. There are presently five large storage ponds covering approximately 113 hectares, which contain gypsum material from the old phosphoric acid production process. These ponds are being drained at present. The pond water is neutralized with slaked lime before being discharged to the Grand River at a rate of approximately 2,700 cubic metres per day. Two of the ponds have been drained and covered with clay and grass. The remaining three ponds will be drained over the coming years. All storm water on site drains to the main sewer, where it is discharged through the plants main outfall. The site monitors pH and phosphorus under the IMIS program (2). There have been no Ministry or Environment Canada studies of this facility, however Environment Canada has monitored for priority pollutants at similar facilities, and this data has been used as a reference (7). Nitrochem Inc. - Maitland. Nitrochem Inc. is located just east of the village of Maitland along the St. Lawrence River. It employs approximately 175 people in the manufacture of ammonia, nitric acid, ammonium nitrate and "nitrogen solutions". Ammonia is formed from the reaction of hydrogen gas with nitrogen over a catalyst at high temperatures and pressures. The plant operates an air separation unit where nitrogen is separated from air for use in the manufacture of ammonia. Natural gas is the source of hydrogen for the process. Carbon dioxide is formed as a by-product. A-16 Nitric acid is formed from the oxidation of ammonia in air over a heated metal catalyst. The resulting oxides are absorbed in water to form the acid. Ammonium nitrate is formed when ammonia and nitric acid are mixed in a neutralizer to form approximately 80% ammonium nitrate solution. Ammonia is used as a refrigerant and in the manufacture of fertilizers and explosives. Nitric acid has many uses as a common acid throughout industry. Ammonium nitrate is used largely as a fertilizer and is the main ingredient in most common explosives. Intake water is pumped from the St. Lawrence River at a rate of 3,625 cubic metres per day. The water is used in the nitric acid absorption units and in the manufacture of nitrogen solutions. It is also used as make-up water for the hydrogen generator, boiler feed water and fire water systems. All wastewater generated from the boiler blowdowns, laboratory, compressor blowdowns, cooling tower blowdown and water treatment regenerants is discharged to the St. Lawrence River without any treatment. Nitrogen-containing process wastewaters generated from the nitric acid, ammonia and ammonium nitrate plants and surface runoff from these areas all flow to the equalization pond. From there the nitrogen-containing solution is pumped to the "Aquachem Unit" where it is concentrated for use as a product "niu^ogen solution". The sanitary sewer after treatment joins process wastewater from the cooling tower blowdown, boiler blowdown and laboratory waste streams before final discharge to the river. The facility presently monitors pH, ammonia, nitrate and nitrite, and Kjeldahl nitrogen, under the IMIS Program (2). The effluent from this facility was tested for priority pollutants as part of an Environment Canada study of Canadian fertilizer plants in 1980 (7). Nitrochem has been under a control order to reduce ammonia and nitrate concentrations to acceptable levels. The company has installed an Aquachem Unit which concentrates nitrogen bearing wastewater for use as a saleable product. Norton Canada Inc. - Niagara Falls. The Norton facility is located on the south side of the city of A-17 Niagara Falls, and employs approximately 225 people. Of the four final discharges, two discharge to Pell Creek and two directly to the Welland River. The site manufactures various types of abrasive grains including light Alundum*, dark Alunduni*, and alumina- zirconia. Chromic oxide is also produced at this site, but on an infrequent basis. Dark Alundum* is produced by fusing bauxite, coke, and iron borings together into cupolas for cooling. The solid Alundum* is then crushed and ground before shipment as a granular product. Light Alundum*, which is a higher grade product, has sulphur added during the reduction process in the electric-arc furnace. The light Alundum* is formed into ingots and crushed. The grains are acid slaked and washed with water to remove iron impurities. The grains are then dried and sent for magnetic separation. In a separate process, calcined alumina is received on site and fused in a furnace. The melt is formed into ingots from which it is broken and crushed before shipment as a more refined product (99.8% alumina). Alumina-zirconia is manufactured by fusing calcined alumina, baddelyite (zirconia), coke, and recycled fines together. The melt is solidified and crushed to produce a very tough abrasive grain material. Chromic oxide is infrequently produced in batch units at this site. Tri-valent chromium oxide is melted and formed into ingots to produce a purer product which is then shipped after particle size reduction. Intake water for the site is pumped from the Welland River at a rate of approximately 14,200 cubic metres per day. Wastewaters are generated from cooling water for furnace shells, power transformers, and cooling of moulds. Wash water from the light Alundum* process is neutralized with lime and sent to a 4.5 million gallon settling lagoon for solids removal. The discharge from this lagoon is then pumped into a sewer for final discharge into Pell Creek. Under the IMIS program (2), the plant monitors pH, suspended solids, and oil & grease on the sewer discharge into Pell Creek. The site has one storm sewer, which also drains into Pell Creek. Each of the four outfalls have been monitored for conventional and priority pollutants under the NIAMIS program study since 1980 (8). *- Alundum is a registered trade mark of Norton Canada Inc. for its aluminum oxide abrasive product. A- 1 8 Partek Insulation Ltd. - Samia Partek Insulation, located in Samia, employs approximately 130 people. The plant has one effluent discharge into the Scott Road storm ditch. It manufacturers fibre insulation materials for use as roof and pipe insulation, insulating block boards and blankets, wool and marine insulation. Fibre insulation is manufactured when slag and basalt rock are mixed with coke and melted at approximately 1,400 degrees Celsius in a furnace. The molten charge is then formed into fibres and cooled. Various chemical agents are added to the fibre to impart specific physical qualities, such as greater structural rigidity and dust suppression abilities. The fibres are sent to a blow-chamber where they are drawn to produce wool blankets of various thickness. Batt and industrial felt products are then cut from these blankets. Loose wool products are also manufactured at this facility. Intake water is supplied from the city of Samia at a rate of approximately 265 cubic meters per day. Wastewater is generated from cupola cooling water which has a blowdown to the Scott Road Ditch. Wastewater generated from floor washings and product over-spray is sent to a retention pond for recycle back into the process. A number of raw materials such as coke, basalt rock and slag are stored in an open area, and are a potential source of storm water contamination. There have been no Environment Canada or Ministry studies of effluent discharges from this facility. There are no IMIS monitoring requirements for this plant (2). Stanchem (Div. of C-I-L Inc.) - Comwall. Stanchem, a Business Unit of C-I-L Inc., operates a filling and packaging facility in Comwall. The site, employing 40 people, is adjacent to the Comwall Chemical Ltd. manufacturing facility. It packages a number of products such as liquid chlorine, sulphur dioxide, anhydrous ammonia, hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid. Wastewater from this unit is generated from container and floor washings. All washings drain to a central collection sump for neutralization. The effluent is batch discharged into the Brookdale Ave. sewer. Effluent from this plant was monitored during the Comwall Point Source Study (1985) (5). The study concluded that effluent from this facility contained volatile organics. A-19 Under the IMIS program the plant monitors BOD, COD, pH and suspended solids. Sulco Chemicals Ltd. - Elmira. Sulco Chemicals in Elmira employs approximately 15 people. The plant manufactures sulphuric acid and packages a number of acids including hydrochloric, phosphoric, sulphuric and hydrofluoric. It has one effluent discharge into the Canagagigue Creek, a tributary of the Grand River. Sulphuric acid is manufactured by burning molten sulphur at approximately 925 degrees Celsius in the presence of air. Sulphur dioxide is converted to sulphur trioxide after which it is sent to a combination of absorption towers for absorption in either 37% oleum or 99% sulphuric acid, depending on the product type required. Dilution of final acid with water produces the desired concentration. Intake water is supplied from the Town of Elmira at a rate of 200 cubic metres per day. Wastewater generated from within the plant is sent to a 230,000 cubic metre settling pond before final dischiu-ge. Boiler blowdown, regenerant backwash and cooling tower blowdown in addition to storm water run-off are sources of wastewater that drain to the settling pond. There have been no Environment Canada or Ministry studies of effluent from this facility. This plant does not report monitoring data for the IMIS Program (2). Union Carbide Canada Limited - Welland. Union Carbide Canada employs approximately 600 people at its location on the Old Welland Ship Canal. It manufactures graphite, carbon electrodes and cathode blocks. Carbon electrodes are manufactured by mixing calcined anthracite coal with coal tar pitch and stearic acid. The mix is then cooled to a suitable temperature so that it can be extruded to form carbon blocks. The blocks are baked at a temperature of approximately 1,000 degrees Celsius to convert the pitch binder to coke. Graphite electrodes are made in a similar manner except that petroleum coke is used instead of anthracite coal. An additional processing step is included for producing graphite electrodes, where the carbon electrode is impregnated with petroleum pitch and heated to 3,000 degrees Celsius. This converts the amorphous carbon to A-20 graphite. Carbon electrodes are used in alloy furnaces. Graphite electrodes are used in electric arc furnaces while cathode blocks are used in aluminum smelters. Intake water to the site is pumped from the Old Welland Ship Canal at approximately 12,000 cubic metres per day. Wastewater from the plant originates from cooling furnace heads, compressors and fan bearings. The wastewater discharges with no treatment from two main outfalls. A third outfall discharges smaller quantities of wastewater consisting of cooling water from fan bearings and storm runoff. A waste disposal site is located at the south side of the facility and contains solid carbonaceous material, coke, coal and slag. The site also receives waste sludge from a pulp and paper mill which is sprayed on land adjacent to the manufacturing operations. There have been no Environment Canada studies of this facility. The Ministry conducted an Environmental Engineering Survey of this plant in 1985. The plant does not repon monitoring data under the IMIS program (2). Washington Mills Electro Minerals Corporation - Niagara Falls. Washington Mills Electro Minerals Corporation (formeriy Electro- Minerals Canada Inc.) is located on Stanley Avenue in Niagara Falls. The facility has two combined effluent discharges. One flows into the Stanley Ave. storm ditch, the other discharges into Pell Creek. The plant manufactures various grades of abrasive metallic rods and employs approximately 100 people. Products produced include brown alumina, pink alumina, alumina bubbles, ferro-silicon, fused mag-chrome and ferro-carbo briquettes. All of the products are manufactured by similar processes and depend only on the starting raw materials. All raw materials are weighed and fed into a furnace in definite proportions where they are fused together and poured into moulds for cooling. The cooled solid material is then crushed, sorted and screened to yield the final product. Major raw materials include bauxite, coke, iron borings, white alumina, chromic oxide, ferto-silicon, magnesite and chrome ore. Intake water is pumped from the Welland River at a rate of 30,000 cubic metres per day. Process water generated from within the plant is mostly A-21 contaminated cooling water from furnace heads and power transformers. Wastewater is sent to one of two lagoons. The major portion flows to the Queen lagoon for solids reduction and oil and grease removal. Water from this lagoon is partially recirculated back into the plant, with the remainder being discharged into Pell Creek. The old lagoon accepts wastewater from the west side of the plant and discharges into the Stanley Ave. sewer. Storm water from the plant is discharged through several locations into the Stanley Ave. sewer and from one location to Pell Creek. The plant currently monitors for pH, suspended solids, oil and grease, phosphorus and BOD as part of the IMIS program (2). Under the NIAMIS program (8), the Ministry has annually monitored conventional and priority pollutants on the two combined effluent discharges from this plant. There have been no Environment Canada studies of this facility. Washington Mills Limited - Niagara Falls. Washington Mills is located in the south end of the City of Niagara Falls and employs approximately 35 people. It has one effluent discharge into Chippewa Creek which drains to the Welland River. The facility manufactures aluminum oxide abrasive grains, ferro- silicon, a by-product, and crude aluminum oxide. Both aluminum products are manufactured in an electric-arc furnace where bauxite, coke and iron filings are fused together to give the aluminum oxide melt. This melt is poured into cooling pots for solidification. The solid material is then extracted from the cooling pots and broken down to give the final product grains. Intake water is supplied from an on-site well at a rate of approximately 1,630 cubic metres per day. Water is used for cooling the furnace shell and melt pots. The spent cooling water is collected in open channels where it flows to a cooling pond for solids settling and aeration. This water is partially recirculated into the process. A separate closed cooling water system is provided for cooling the furnace transformer and cables. Make-up water for this system is supplied from the city. Storm water from the plant is collected in catch basins and combined with the cooling pond discharge effluent before final discharge. Storm water is also discharged separately into Chippewa Creek at a location downstream of the combined effluent location. A-22 The plant presently monitors pH, suspended solids, and oil and grease under the IMIS program (2). There have been no Environment Canada or Ministry studies of effluent from this facility. Welland Chemical Ltd. - Samia. Welland Chemical Ltd., located on Scott Road in Samia, employs approximately 60 people. The plant manufacturers anhydrous aluminum chloride, sodium hypochlorite, and packages chlorine gas. The facility has one batch and one combined final effluent discharging into Talford Creek. There is also a once-through cooling water stream that discharges into Talford Creek. Aluminum chloride is produced by melting aluminum ingots in a furnace and passing gaseous chlorine through the melt. The gaseous aluminum chloride is then condensed and crystallizes on the condenser walls. These crystals are removed periodically for crushing, screening, and packaging. Chlorine is received in tank cars and re-packaged into 150 pound cylinders and one tonne containers. The cylinders and containers are degassed and steam cleaned on site before they are filled. Sodium hypochlorite solution is also produced by directing residual chlorine to caustic reactors to produce a 15% sodium hypochlorite solution. This solution is packaged into small plastic containers for distribution. Aluminum chloride is used as a catalyst in the petroleum, pharmaceutical and other related industries. Chlorine is used for purifying water, in the manufacture of chlorinated hydrocarbons, plastics, and other chemicals. Sodium hypochlorite is used as a bleach and disinfectant. Intake water is supplied from the city at a rate of approximately 14 cubic metres per day. Water is used to vapourize liquid chlorine and for the washdown of the chlorine packaging areas and sodium hypochlorite plants. Once -through cooling water is used for compressor and condenser cooling. There are four lagoons on site for wastewater. The south lagoon accepts wash water from the packaging, bulk loading and shipping areas. After treatment this lagoon is pumped out several times a year into Talford Creek . Two lagoons, which are connected in series, accept wash water from A-23 the chlorine packaging plant, while the north holding lagoon stores sludge collected from the other three lagoons. The two lagoons drain into a settling tank before final discharge into Talford Creek. All storm water on the site drains to one of the four lagoons. There is presently no monitoring requirement for this facility under the IMIS program (2). There have been no Environment Canada or Ministry studies of effluent from this plant. A-24 PARTE THE TECHNICAL RATIONALE FOR THE MONITORING REGULATION INORGANIC CHEMICAL SECTOR THE TECHNICAL RATIONALE FOR THE MONITORING REGULATION- INORGANIC CHEMICAL SECTOR I INTRODUCTION This part of the development document describes the basic rationale used for setting the monitoring requirements for the direct dischargers in the Inorganic Chemical Sector and discusses the databases available to the Ministry for parameter selection. II THE NEED FOR REGULATION The extent of monitoring being conducted by the Inorganic Chemical Sector companies varies from plant to plant. Approximately half of the companies presently in the Sector conduct some form of monitoring of their final effluent under the Ministry's IMIS program (2). This is a voluntary program however, and does not have any legal requirements. The data gathered by industry under IMIS is submitted to the Ministry on a monthly basis. Monthly average loadings for a number of parameters are then calculated and published annually in the report entitled "Report on the Industrial Direct Discharges in Ontario" (2). Many of the parameters analyzed by each plant originate from Control Orders, Certificates of Approval and Federal Regulations which results in inconsistencies from plant to plant in terms of parameters analyzed and allowable loadings. Parameters monitored have largely been conventional parameters such as pH, suspended solids, and BOD, with some plants also monitoring for ammonia, Kjeldahl nitrogen, phenols and a limited number of metals. The existing data base on other pollutants in the Inorganic Chemical Sector is sparse, as presently there is no monitoring for many organic and inorganic pollutants. The only current data available is from special studies conducted by Environment Canada and the Ministry. HI THE U.S. EPA APPROACH The United States Environmental Protection Agency promulgated regulations for the Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing Point Source Category in June 1982 (9). The structure of the inorganic chemical sector in the U.S. however, is different from that of Ontario. In the U.S., the sector is primarily made up of plants that produce only bulk inorganic chemicals. Facilities producing fertilizers, explosives, B-1 fibreglass and carbon black are regulated separately as distinct sectors or categories. Parameters regulated differ within each category and are dependent on the type of manufacturing process conducted at each facility. A similar categorization of plants was not possible for MISA due to the relatively small number of plants involved. The following shows a number of industrial categories which are regulated by the U.S. EPA. Pollutants listed are limited by the use of Best Available Technology (Economically Achievable)(BAT(EA)); Category Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing Fertilizer Manufacturing Explosives Manufacturint Sub-category Pollutant Chlor-Alkali Industry (Mercury Cell Process) Mercurv, Total Residual Chlorine. Hydrofluoric Acid Fluoride, Nickel, Zinc. Ammonia Ammonia, pH. Urea Ammonia, Organic Nitrogen, pH. Ammonium Nitrate Ammonia, Nitrate, pH. Ammonium Nitrate and Fuel Oil (ANFO), Water Gels. Oil& Grease, Total Suspended Solids, pH. Other facilities such as carbon black, glass insulation and phosphate based fertilizer facilities are required to meet zero discharge limitations under the U.S. EPA BAT(EA) requirements. Abrasive manufacturers are not currently regulated by the EPA. B-2 IV THE MINISTRY/INORGANIC CHEMICAL SECTOR DIALOGUE The Ministry adopted an open consultative process both with industry and the public in developing the Inorganic Chemical Sector Effluent Monitoring Regulation. The MISA Advisory Committee (MAC) provided input to the Regulation formulating process. Members of the committee were appointed by the Minister on the basis of their knowledge, concern and expertise in matters dealing with the environment. A Joint Technical Committee (JTC) consisting of industry, Environment Canada and Ministry representatives served as the means for reaching consensus. A member of the MISA Advisory Committee also took part in the JTC discussions. A multi-discipline group of Ministry/Environment Canada experts developed the general rationale for the site-specific monitoring requirements. A joint Ministry /Industry Regulation Writing Team then produced the Regulation text for review by the JTC. On the basis of the rationale and the database available to the Ministry, the site-specific monitoring requirements were drawn up. The specific monitoring requirements were then reviewed with each plant site and modified where required. V SELECTION OF STRATEGY FOR ROUTINE MONITORING The Inorganic Chemical Sector in Ontario is highly diversified and encompasses a wide range of manufacturing processes and products. The monitoring strategy for the Sector needed to accommodate this range of process and product types and at the same time be equitable and cost effective. A uniform monitoring requirement schedule across the Sector therefore appeared to be inequitable and wasteful of resources. Consideration was given to sub-categorizing the Sector. Grouping a number of plants based on products manufactured and process type seemed a reasonable approach. However upon closer examination of each plant within the sub-groups it was evident that, although plants within a sub-group had the same basic type of operation and products, some facilities manufactured additional products which tended to make them unique within the group. Thus sub-categorizing of plants for monitoring was also discarded. Finally an effluent-specific monitoring strategy was adopted for the Sector since it was the most equitable. B-3 VI PARAMETERS FOR ROUTINE MONITORING Priority pollutants assigned for routine monitoring of specific effluent were obtained from the Inorganic Chemical Sector List. This list is a subset of The Effluent Monitoring Priority Pollutant List (EMPPL). The EMPPL is a list of toxic pollutants that have been detected or are potentially present in Ontario municipal and industrial effluent and pose a hazard to the receiving environment (see Table 1 in the appendix). A Ministry publication entitled "The Effluent Monitoring Priority Pollutants List (1988)" (10) describes the derivation of this list. The 1988 EMPPL update contains 266 chemicals and includes 179 parameters from the 1987 EMPPL with an additional 87 parameter from the 1988 update. Of the 266 chemicals on the current EMPPL, only 141 have validated analytical protocols and 135 of these are on the Inorganic Chemical Sector List (see Table 2 in the appendix). The Sector list also includes 18 conventional pollutants for monitoring under the Regulation. Table 2 in the Appendix shows the conventional pollutants and the Inorganic Chemical Sector priority pollutants arranged by analytical test groups. The listed pollutants form the basis for monitoring in the Inorganic Chemical Sector. VII DATABASES USED FOR PARAMETER SELECTION In preparation for the monitoring regulation, the Sector plants conducted a pre-regulation monitoring program of their process effluent against the EMPPL and a selected number of conventional parameters. Generally, the program required four days of composite sampling of all final combined and process effluent streams. The Ministry, in addition, obtained an audit sample from each facility during one of the four sampling days. The samples were also analyzed for a number of selected conventional parameters in addition to chemicals on the EMPPL. Intake water samples were also monitored by each site. (see Table 3) In addition to the target parameters on the EMPPL, open characterization for organic compounds and inorganic elements was conducted using mass spectometry/gas chromatography and plasma techniques on at least two of the four sets of composite samples to identify additional parameters not on the EMPPL that may have been present in the effluent (see Table 4 in the appendix). The data generated from the pre-regulation study would be used as the main database for monitoring parameter selection during the Regulation period. B-4 In addition to the pre-regulation monitoring program, a questionnaire was sent to each Sector facility to obtain site information on processes, products, raw materials used, liquid effluent treatment systems, sampling, sampler types used and flow measurement methods (11). Historical data, where available, was used to supplement the pre- regulation monitoring database. The following databases were used as sources of additional data; Environment Canada's Cornwall Point Source Studies (5); Environment Canada's St. Clair River Point Source Studies (3); Environment Canada's study of the Canadian Fertilizer Industry and Evaluation of Control Technologies (7); Environment Canada's Upper Great Lakes Connecting Channel Study (6); Environment Canada's Review of the Canadian Chlor- Alkali Industry (4); NIAMIS (Niagara River Monitoring Information System) (8); IMIS (Industrial Monitoring Information System) (2); U.S. EPA Development Document for the Inorganic Chemical Industry (9); U.S. EPA Development Document for the Explosives Industry (12); U.S. EPA Development Document for the Fertilizer Industry (13). B-5 Mil CLASSIFICATION OF STREAMS There are se\en classifications of effluent streams specified for the Inorganic Chemical .Sector: Process: Combined; Batch discharge: Once-throiigh cooling water; Storm uater; Waste Disposal Site; Fmergency Overflow, Process effluent: These streams are subject to the most stringent requirements for monitoring and flow measurement because they have the greatest potential for impact on the environment. Composite sampling is specified for all process streams. Where a ccMnposite sampler is not in use, the Regulation allows for the collection of eight grab samples over twenty-four hours in lieu of the composite sample. Flow measurement accuracy for these streams is specified as +/- 59r for the primary element and +/- 2% of full scale for the secondary element. Where flow measuring devices are presently in place on effluent streams an accuracy of +/- 15% is permitted. Daily, thrice weekly, weekly and monthly monitoring requirements are specified for these streams. Combined effluent: These are streams with a mix of process effluent or process materials with once-through cooling water. This classification arose because there are many unsegregated streams in the Sector which are mi.xed with spent once-through cooling water before final discharge. Monitoring requirements are similar to those for process effluent except for flow measurement where an accuracy of +/-2{)7r is specified. The impact of combined effluent on the environment should generally be smaller than that for process eftTuent. The relaxation of the flow accuracy reflects the economic concerns of the Sector. New highly accurate flow measuring devices would be wasted on these streams which would likely be segregated under the limits regulation. Batch discharge: The volumes of effluent discharged for these streams are generally small and result mainly from sumps holding floor washings and from B-6 spills. The total volume of effluent discharged is to be estimated within an accuracy of +/- 20%. Monitoring parameters were selected on the basis of chemical use within the process area. One grab sample per discharge is specified for these effluent streams. Once-through cooling water: Monitoring of once-through cooling water streams is required only on a monthly basis because contamination from these streams should be minimal. A selected number of monitoring parameters are specified based on the potential for contamination from the process side. A minimum of 3 grab samples collected over a twenty-four hour period are permitted, with a flow accuracy of +/- 20% specified. Storm water: One grab sample per month is required for all final storm water effluent to determine the impact of storm run-off from developed areas of the plants. An estimate of the total volume discharged during the storm event is required. Selection of monitoring parameters was based on the potential for the presence of contaminants in the storm water run-off. Waste disposal: To determine the extent of site effluent contamination from waste disposal site run-off, a monthly grab sample is specified. An estimate of the total volume discharged is required. Monitoring parameters were selected to reflect the nature of the waste material. Emergency Overflow: Emergency overflows are process effluent, combined effluent or batch discharges which by-pass their intended destination because of unforeseen emergencies and end up going directly to a surface watercourse. The purpose of monitoring these streams is to estimate the impact on the environment and to record the number of such occurrences for possible remedial action. Selection of the monitoring parameters was based on what would normally be present in the streams if there was no overflow. An estimate of the total volume discharged is required. B-7 IX MONITORING FREQUENCIES FOR THE SECTOR There are four basic routine monitoring frequencies required for the Sector, - daily, thrice weekly, weekly and monthly. Monitoring frequencies of combined effluent streams were less stringent if all contributory process streams were monitored at the required frequencies. Where a parameter is being monitored at a frequency greater than that required for the Regulation, the most stringent frequency was maintained. Event driven streams such as storm and waste disposal site effluent have intermittent flows and thus only need to be sampled monthly at this time. This will provide an estimation of potential impact in comparison to process and combined effluent streams. Once-through cooling water streams should have no environmental impact. However monthly monitoring is required as a check for possible leaks in heat transfer equipment. Emergency overflows are to be monitored at time of discharge. Monitoring emergency overflows will provide an estimate of the impact on the environment of these occurrences for possible future remedial action. Daily parameter concentrations when multiplied by flow will provide daily loadings. Parameters chosen are usually conventional parameters which may act as surrogates for other contaminants. These parameters which may be indicators of treatment effectiveness and process upsets may require control. Continuous on-line analysis for pH and specific conductance is the preferred method of monitoring for final discharges to the watercourse. On-line instrumentation will: measure short term spikes-shock loads; allow determination of effluent variability by providing a clear picture of the variation of the recorded parameters with time; record shock loads when they occur; eliminate problems resulting from the storage of samples; allow for the use of an ahuni system for warning when high levels of a contaminant occur. B-8 Data from daily monitoring will be used to calculate operational variability and to establish the daily versus monthly variability for establishing future daily limits in relation to monthly limits. Thrice weekly monitoring will provide twelve data points for calculating monthly averages for both conventional and priority pollutants. In all cases for the same mean and standard deviation, the 95th percentile confidence limits will be narrowed about the mean with increasing sample size i.e. larger sample sizes yield less variable estimates of the mean. The thrice weekly monitoring data will be used to, calculate monthly loadings and concentrations; provide a record of parameter variability including manufacturing process load variations, treatment plant upsets and spills; establish a basis of comparison for parameters monitored at other frequencies; aid in identifying parameters that require control and point to appropriate treatment technology; provide a basis for comparison of plants within the Sector; establish a basis for inter-sector comparison of loadings for these parameters; establish the performance of plants in comparison to Best Available Technology (Economically Achievable) (BAT(EA)) designated plants and to U.S. EPA reference limits. Weekly monitoring requirements are an economic and technical compromise between thrice weekly and monthly data. The weekly monitoring data will provide estimates of both concentrations and loadings which will assist in defining any future monitoring and limits requirements. B-9 Monthly monitoring of relatively long lists of parameters is required to establish the presence or absence of contaminants of concern. The concentration data will be used in conjunction with flow measurement data to estimate annual loadings for each of the compounds detected. Monthly monitoring may also be used in the interpretation of toxicity data and in the eventual development of limits. Monthly monitoring for selected analytical test groups is also required to determine the presence or absence of contaminants in the analytical test group. These analytical test groups are selected on the basis that at least one contaminant in the analytical test group is being monitored on a daily, thrice-weekly or weekly basis. Analytical test groups are comprised of similar compounds so that the presence of one member may be indicative of other members being present. Monthly monitoring for the whole group is a cost effective way of determining the presence/absence of contaminants which are chemically similar since it avoids the need for specifying more frequent analysis of test groups where no evidence exists for their presence in an effluent stream. X General Sector Requirements - Process, Combined and Batch Effluent Streams All Inorganic Chemical Sector Sites are required to monitor the following conventional parameters on process, combined and batch effluent streams at the specified frequencies (see Table 3 in the Appendix for the general rules used for setting the frequency assignment); Daily: pH, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), and Specific Conductance. Weekly: Oil & Grease (O&G), Phosphorus, Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC). For all final discharge sampling points continuous on-line analysis is preferred for pH and Specific Conductance. This will provide a continuous record of general site and control performances with uninterrupted real time information of general plant effluent impacts on the environment. B-10 The following section describes the need for the monitoring of these general parameters and their potential impact on the environment; Daily: pH * is a measure of the degree of acidity/alkalinity of an effluent; * daily monitoring will provide a record of the operational variability for this parameter; * pH is a fundamental parameter for the inorganic chemical industry which processes soluble acids and bases; * may indicate process upsets and spills; * may affect toxicity of certain parameters such as metals and ammonia; * presently monitored at majority of sites under the IMIS program; * extremes of pH may cause stress or mortality on aquatic organisms; * Provincial Water Quality Objective's (PWQO's) require pH to be within 6.5-8.5 for receiving waters (14). TSS * gross measure of suspended material which may contain both organic and inorganic substances; * daily monitoring will provide a record of the operational variability for this parameter; * TSS is a fundamental parameter for the inorganic chemical industry which processes inorganic solids; * presently monitored at the majority of sites; * indicator of settling efficiency for Sector plants with settling basins; * may impair growth of bottom fauna and impacts spawning grounds for fish; solids containing organic materials may B-11 deplete bottom oxygen levels to produce noxious gases such as methane; aesthetically displeasing; may serve as a transport medium for pesticides, bacteria, viruses and other readily adsorbed organic substances; may block fish gills. Specific Conductance indicator of total amount of dissolved solids; daily monitoring will provide a record of the operational veu^iability for this parameter; Specific Conductance is a fundamental parameter for the inorganic chemical industry where soluble ionic species are present; high dissolved solids may alter the toxicity of heavy metals and organic compounds due to the antagonistic effect of water hardness on metals; high dissolved solids may cause bladder and intestinal irritations; high dissolved solids may accelerate corrosion and cause foaming in industrial boilers. Weekly: Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) measure of the amount of dissolved organic substances; weekly monitoring provides an estimate of the loadings and variability of organic contaminants primarily originating from the general use of organic solvents in the Sector. Data will assist in defining any future monitoring and limits requirements; provides more precise understanding of the nature of oxvgen depleting compounds than COD and BOD; provides a basis for inter-sector comparisons. B-12 DOC is required to be monitored at a reduced frequency of once per month for one site in the Sector because the plant is inactive and is being decommissioned. Oil & Grease (O&G) measure of groups of substances whose common characteristic is their preferential partitioning from water into hexane and freon (freon is a trade mark for Du Pont Canada.); weekly monitoring will provide an estimate of the potential losses of lube oils and greases from process equipment; produces an oxygen demand; floating oil may interfere with aeration and photosynthesis; soluble and emulsified material ingested by fish may taint flavour of fish flesh; aesthetic enjoyment may be impaired by surface slicks; deposition of oil on bottom sediments may interfere with benthic growth; may destroy algae and plankton, and block fish gills. Phosphorus weekly monitoring is specified for all final discharges to provide estimates of monthly average loadings to the International Joint Commission; may cause excessive plant growth in rivers and streams when concentration is greater than 30 micrograms/L; Phosphorus in elemental form is toxic to fish and bioaccumulative. XI SITE-SPECIFIC MONITORING REQUIREMENTS The sector-wide general monitoring scheme specified in the previous section for conventional parameters is considered to be a minimum requirement for the Sector since these parameters alone do not provide complete data on effluent quality. Selected plants are B-13 required to monitor for additional conventional parameters to account for site-specific situations. Monitoring for priority pollutants is also determined on a site - specific basis. A priority pollutant is specified for a particular stream if it has been detected once in pre-regulation monitoring sampling, historical data or Ministry audit sampling. Best professional judgement is also used in listing a compound where knowledge of raw materials, by-products and process operation would indicate presence in the effluent. Parameter and frequency selection for these site-specific conventional and priority pollutants are based on the following rationale. Daily: These parameters were selected on the basis that they continuously exist in selected site-specific effluent and are related to the raw materials and products processed at these facilities. Data generated will provide a record of the operational variability and daily loadings for site-specific parameters. a) - Conventionals Nitrogen daily monitoring required for this group for effluent from all nitrogen based fertilizer facilities; fundamental parameter for nitrogen based fertilizer facilities and is presently monitored at this frequency under the IMIS program; Total Ammonia - measure of both ionized and unionized ammonia; - unionized ammonia at levels greater than 0.02 mg/L is toxic to fish; - may cause eutrophication; - PWQO is 0.02 mg/L for unionized ammonia (14); Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen - measure of both ammonia and organic nitrogen (usually urea); - may cause increased plant and algae growth in receiving waters; - may produce a slight oxygen demand on the receiving stream; B-I4 Phosphorus Oxidized Nitrogen - measure of the oxidized nitrogen (nitrate plus nitrite); - excessive nitrates may cause irritation of the mucous linings of the gastrointestinal tract and the bladder; - provincial maximum acceptable drinking water concentration for nitrates is set at 10mg/L(17); U.S. EPA limits ammonia on a daily basis for nitrogen fertilizer facilities. daily monitoring required for all phosphate based fertilizer facilities and producers of phosphorus related products; fundamental parameter for sites producing phosphate fertilizers and phosphorus related products; presently monitored at this frequency under the IMIS program; phosphorus in elemental form may be toxic and bioaccumulative; Fluoride daily monitoring required for all phosphate fertilizer facilities; fluoride is a contaminant in phosphate rock and is a fundamental parameter for the phosphate fertilizer industry; presently monitored at this frequency under the IMIS program; at concentrations of 10-15 mg/L chronic poisoning of livestock can occur. b) - Priority Pollutants Mercury * daily monitoring required for all chlor-alkali facilities using the mercury cell process (one plant in the Sector); B-15 fundamental parameter for this industry; U.S. EPA limits mercury on a daily basis for chlor-alkali plants using the mercury cell process; presently monitored at this frequency under the IMIS program; PWQO of 0.5 microgram/L for mercury (14); the provincial maximum acceptable drinking water concentration for mercury is 1 microgram/L (17). Thrice weekly: Parameters were selected on the basis that their concentration in specific effluent streams exceeded certain water quality standards such as PWQO's (14), U.S. EPA BAT(EA) Performance Data (15) or New York State Water Quality Objective's (16). Selection was also made based on the knowledge that parameters were regulated in other jurisdictions such as the United States. a) - Conventionals Nitrogen Phenolics (4AAP) thrice weekly monitoring is required for all facilities, other than nitrogen based fertilizer plants, where concentrations in the effluent of Total Ammonia, Kjeldahl Nitrogen or Oxidized Nitrogen exceed 10 mg/L; see comments under Daily for specific information on the environmental affects of these nitrogen compounds. for all facilities where the total phenolics concentration in the effluent was greater than 10 microgram/L (the U.S. EPA BAT(EA) long term median concentration for phenol), monitoring is required for total phenolics as measured by the 4-amino anti-pyrine method (4AAP); tainting of fish flesh may occur when the phenol level is greater than 1 microgram/L; B-16 PWQO requires phenol to be less than 1 micrograrn/L (14). Sulphate required for all facilities where concentrations of sulphate exceed the provincial maximum desirable concentration for drinking water of 500 mg/L (17); presence in drinking water may have a noticeable effect on taste; may contribute to scale in boilers and heat exchangers. Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) required on a thrice weekly basis for one facility in the Sector which in addition produces organic chemicals; required to measure the variability of operations at that site. Fluoride required for all facilities where fluorspar and hydrofluoric acid are processed; at concentrations of 10-15 mg/L chronic poisoning of livestock can occur; the provincial maximum acceptable drinking water concentration for fluoride is 2.4 mg/L (17). Chloride Required for all facilities where concentrations of chloride exceed the Ministry's maximum desirable concentration for drinking water of 250 mg/L (17); may impart undesirable taste to drinking water; may contribute to scaling and corrosion of equipment and piping. B-17 b) - Priority Pollutants The U.S. EPA BAT(EA) long term median data for the Organic Chemicals, Plastics and Synthetic Fibers Category (OCPSF) (see Table 6 in the appendix)(15) were used as a source of reference for assigning monitoring frequencies to priority pollutants on the Sector List. Where no data was available in the U.S. EPA BAT(EA) data source or Ministry PWQO's (14), New York State Water Quality Objectives were used (16). The thrice weekly data would provide twelve data points for calculating monthly averages. Priority pollutants were assigned thrice weekly monitoring when their concentration measured in pre-regulation monitoring data was greater than the U.S. EPA long term median average concentration for BAT(EA) option 1. The U.S. EPA BAT(EA) data for similar inorganic facilities could not be used due to the limited database available. In addition contaminant levels are expressed in terms of pollutant loadings per unit of production. A comparison therefore could not easily be made between U.S. BAT(EA) data for inorganic chemical facilities and contaminant concentrations measured in the pre-regulation monitoring program. The U.S. EPA BAT(EA) data for the OCPSF Sector were therefore used as a basis for comparison. Option 1 was chosen as a reference since it covers effluent that contain relatively small loadings of organic contaminants and specifies tighter limits for inorganic parameters which is appropriate for this Sector. The levels for inorganic contaminants were verified and found to be consistent with performance data published by the U.S. EPA for founeen major treatment processes (18). Option 1 reflects end of pipe treatment which in all practicality may apply to the Sector. The selection of priority pollutants for monitoring at this frequency based on the long term median data is reasonable, since the long term median tends to represent the level to which current Best Available Technology (Economically Achievable) will remove priority pollutants. Weekly: Parameters required for monitoring at this frequency were selected on the basis of their detection in site-specific effluent but at concentrations lower than the levels required for thrice weekly monitoring. Data obtained from weekly monitoring will provide estimates of both concentrations and loadings which will assist in defining any future monitoring and limits requirements. B-18 a) - Convennonals Nitrogen: weekly monitoring is required for non- nitrogen based fertilizer facilities, where the concentration of total ammonia, total Kjeldahl nitrogen or total oxidized nitrogen is above the detection limit but less than the 10 mg/L specified earlier for thrice weekly monitoring; see comments under the Daily frequency section for specific information on the environmental effects of these nitrogen compounds. Phenolics for all facilities where the concentration of total phenolics is above the method detection limit detection and less than 10 microgram/L; see comments under the Thrice Weekly frequency section for information on environmental affect of this compound. b) - Priority Pollutants for all facilities where the concentration in effluent exceeded the method detection limit but was less than the long term median data specified in Table 6. Monthly: Monitoring for selected analytical test groups is specified where data from the EPA, Environment Canada studies on similar manufacturing facilities or historical data have indicated the presence of at least one contaminant from the test group in the effluent. Consideration is also given to the types of raw materials used in the process, by-products generated and products manufactured at a site. If there is reason to believe that contamination may originate from raw materials, by-products and products, a monthly monitoring check was specified for the appropriate parameters. Once-Through Cooling Water All once-through cooling water streams are required to be monitored on a monthly basis. As these streams are normally uncontaminated, B-19 monthly monitoring is sufficient as a check for process leaks that could develop in process heat transfer equipment. All once-through cooling water streams will be monitored for pH, DOC, Specific Conductance, TSS, Phosphorus and Oil & Grease. Additional parameters will be specified for site-specific situations where consideration is given to the potential for contact with process materials. Storm Water and Waste Disposal Site Effluent Monthly monitoring of waste disposal site and storm water effluent is required to estimate the degree of contaminant loadings to surface watercourses as a result of storm runoff from plant sites. The purpose of monitoring these sources is to identify the frequency and magnitude of these events and to determine if more intensive monitoring or corrective action is required. An assessment can also be made to determine the need for specific "best management practices" at certain sites. Dischargers will be required to take a grab sample during one storm event each month when the rainfall exceeds 5 mm and to estimate the total flow at the time of sampling. They will also be required to monitor runoff from two thaw events from January to May in order to estimate the impact on the environment from snow-melt conditions. Monitoring parameter selection is based on the parameters being monitored in the plants process and combined effluent streams, and on the potential for contamination from on- site storage areas. Emergency Overflow Parameter selection for monitoring is based on the monitoring parameters required for the process or combined effluent streams. Dischargers will be required to sample at the time of discharge. Data generated will be used to determine the potential impact on the environment from these events and the type of remedial action necessary. B-20 XII CHARACTERIZATION Characterization is the quantitative determination of individual organic and inorganic parameters from the Sector List which is a subset of EMPPL. Characterization will provide information on the presence or absence of an extensive number of contaminants in process, combined and batch discharge effluent in the Sector. The Sector List for the Inorganic Chemical Sector containing 151 contaminants is shown in Table 2 of the appendix. The goal of characterization for the Inorganic Chemical Sector is to detect any frequently occurring contaminants not already identified with greater than 99% probability of success. The majority of sites in the Inorganic Chemical Sector by virtue of the products manufactured, use raw materials that are naturally occurring, relatively non-toxic substances. To accommodate differences among Sector plants and achieve the goal of characterization with some consideration of costs, the Sector was divided into two sub-categories for characterization frequencies. Sub-category A - simple process sites Sub-category B - complex process sites. Placement of sites in the specific sub-category was based on the following : (1) number of product types manufactured at a site (single or multi product); (2) process complexity (simple or relatively complex); (3) environmental history of a site; (4) availability of relevant historical characterization data; (5) process variability and; (6) product/raw material type. Table 7 in the Appendix lists companies in each sub-category. Sub-category A companies are required to perform two characterizations during the life of the Regulation while sub- category B companies are required to do four. B-21 For the pre-regulation monitoring program, each company conducted four characterizations for the EMPPL hst of contaminants on all process and combined effluent streams. In addition the Ministry conducted a characterization of effluent at each site to give a total number of five characterizations per company for the pre-regulation monitoring program. During the Regulation period, the Ministry plans to conduct two characterizations of all process and combined effluent streams. When combined with pre-regulation characterization data, the Ministry audit data and the Regulation chiu^acterization requirements of two and four, a total of nine and eleven characterization data sets result for sites in sub-category A and B respectively. The probability of detecting less frequently occurring parameters that are present 1% of the time is less than 12% whether two, seven, eleven, or twelve characterizations are carried out (see Table 8 in the appendix). Because of the high cost of analysis for analytical test group 24 and the low probability of the presence of the group members in the Inorganic Chemical Sector effluent, the Regulation has the following requirements for analytical test group 24. Plant sites which submitted four analyses for group 24 in the pre-regulation monitoring program and are required to perform four characterizations during the Regulation as members of sub-category B, are permitted to characterize their effluent for group 24 in the Regulation semi-annually. If only two analyses were performed during the pre-regulation monitoring program quarterly testing is required. Xm OPEN CHARACTERIZATION Open characterization is the identification of contaminants which are not on the Sector list. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry is used to identify organic contaminants, and ICP (inductively coupled plasma) emission spectroscopy methods are used to identify inorganic contaminants. Open characterizations for the Inorganic Chemical Sector are required at the same frequency as characterizations for the Sector List. Additional contaminants which are identified in open characterizations will be subject to a hazard assessment for possible future addition to the EMPPL list. The EMPPL list will be continually updated as the screening program proceeds. The open characterizations conducted during the pre-regulation monitoring program identified parameters which were not on the EMPPL. These parameters are presently being assessed for possible B-22 future addition to the EMPPL. The Inorganic Chemical Sector List will be updated accordingly. Two Ministry publications entitled "Guidance Document For The Elemental Characterization of Liquid Waste Samples" (19) and "Techniques For The Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Identification of Organic Compounds In Effluents" (20) describe in detail the protocols and procedures for performing these tests. XIV TOXICITY TESTING Toxicity testing is used to assess the potential impact of complex effluent on the aquatic environment. Two types of tests are specified for the Sector - The Rainbow Trout Acute Lethality Test and The Daphnia magna Acute Lethality Test. Data generated from the toxicity tests will be used to assess the potential impact of complex whole effluents on the environment, to establish a data base on the numerical median lethal concentrations (LC50) of each effluent discharge, to provide an understanding of the connection between chemical analytical results and toxicity results and to make comparisons between data generated for Daphnia magna and rainbow trout tests. Two Ministry publications specify the protocols to be followed for the toxicity tests: "Protocol to Determine the Acute Lethality of Liquid Effluents to Fish" (21) and "Daphnia magna Acute Lethality Toxicity Test Protocol" (22). For the Inorganic Chemical Sector toxicity testing is required on all final discharges. Frequency of testing will be monthly. For the trout test the following requirement is specified in the Regulation. If after the first three months of conducting the full LC50 trout test no more than two fish die in any effluent concentration, in each monthly test, the following nine monthly trout tests may be performed as pass/fail tests on 100% effluent. However if any of the pass/fail tests result in fish mortality greater than two, the full LC50 must be resumed for the next three months. Resumption of the pass/fail test is permitted after the three months if each of these three additional full dilution tests result in no more than two fish mortalities in any effluent concentration. The Daphnia magna test does not have any allowance for using the pass/fail tests and full dilutions are required for each of the monthly tests. Once-through cooling water is required to be analyzed for toxicity on a quarterly basis. However as once-through cooling water is normally expected to be non-lethal, an allowance is permitted for B-23 cases where the first quarterly LC50 test results in mortality for no more than two out of ten test organisms. The remaining three tests may be carried out on 100% effluent only for both the rainbow trout and Daphnia magna tests. Pre-adjustment of effluent samples to eliminate known toxic contaminants has been suggested where it is known in advance that the effluent is acutely lethal, due to recognized contaminants such as ammonia, chlorides and extremes of pH. The Sector companies felt that the usefulness of the toxicity test could be improved to identify unknown toxic effects if the known toxic component could be removed prior to the test being performed. The Ministry's position is that pre-adjustment of samples is not permitted for the following reasons; adjusting the sample for known parameters may interfere with other unknown toxic contaminants in the sample. For instance where there is continuously high ammonia levels in an effluent, by selectively removing this parameter before performing the toxicity test other unknown contaminants may be removed (e.g. volatiles) in the process, thus altering the toxic nature of the sample. a toxicity database is required for the Sector to provide a basis for setting toxicity limits under the Compliance Regulation. An assessment is required to determine the level of toxicity that presently exists within the Sector and this information will be used in the setting of the limits. adjusting the sample does not simulate any real situation in the environment The Ministry however, will accept toxicity data on pH adjusted samples outside of the Regulation for comparison with unadjusted samples. The testing would be voluntary and would be performed in conjunction with the regulated tests for unadjusted samples. The Ministry has prepared a document entitled "Guidelines for pH Adjustment of Effluent Samples for Toxicity Testing " specifying the procedures to be followed for conducting pH adjusted tests. XV QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL Quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) encompasses all of the procedures undertaken to ensure that data produced are generated within known probability limits of accuracy and precision. Quality assurance is the overall verification program which provides producers and users of data the assurance that predefined standards of quality at predetermined levels of confidence are met. Quality assurance is comprised of quality control and quality assessment. B-24 Quality control is the overall system of guidelines, procedures and practices which are designed to regulate and control the quality of products or services with regards to previously established performance criteria and standards. Quality assessment is the overall system of activities which ensure that quality control is being performed effectively. This is carried out immediately following quality control and involves evaluation and auditing of quality control data to ensure the success of the quality control program. QA/QC is one of the most important aspects of the MISA monitoring regulations. The QA/QC program includes many small but essential activities ranging from proving the cleanliness of sample bottles, using proper sampling equipment, containers and preservatives to instrument calibration; validation of authenticity of standards, inclusion of blanks, spikes and controls in analytical runs to documenting performance; panicipation in external round-robins to defining the proper method for reporting a final data number. Omission of one of these activities can lead to unreliable data resulting in improper conclusions and perhaps inappropriate actions. The financial stakes riding on the Monitoring Regulation data are too high to compromise the generated date with inadequate QA/QC. XVI ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS The monitoring and abatement requirements of the MISA program will require both operating and capital expenditures. The Policy and Planning Branch of the Ministry has produced two reports which will assess the economic environment of the Inorganic Chemical Sector and will analyze the financial implications of the incremental costs of monitoring imposed by the MISA monitoring requirements. The first report is entitled "The Economic and Financial Profile of the Ontario Inorganic Chemicals Industry"(23), prepared by Woods Gordon Management Consultants, August 1987, and summarizes the key features of the inorganic chemical industry in Canada and in Ontario. The inorganic chemical industry is a fairly small, but growing part of the Canadian chemicals industry, accounting for about $2.2 billion of the total $18.3 billion in value of 1985 shipments for the Canadian Chemical and Chemical Products industry. Firms in the inorganic chemical industry tend to be capital intensive, vertically integrated, and produce inorganic chemicals as inputs into other manufactured products. Most of the firms in this Sector are foreign- owned. B-25 ($Millions) Capital Operating Total $0.8 $1.1 $1.9 $0.0 $0.4 $0.4 $0.1 $2.4 $2.5 $0.0 $0.2 $0.2 $0.5 $0.0 $0.5 $0.0 $0.1 $0.1 Much of the output of the inorganic chemicals industry in Ontario is destined for the export market. While the total world demand for inorganic chemicals is thought to be price inelastic, the demand facing export-orientated Ontario producers is likely to be quite elastic. The second report is entitled "Monitoring Costs and Their Implications for Direct Dischargers in the Ontario Inorganic Chemical Industry"(24), Policy and Planning Branch, June 1989, and presents estimates and implications of the incremental costs of monitoring to plants within the Sector. The following table lists, by monitoring function, the estimated incremental cost estimates, rounded to millions of dollars, based on the sector-specific monitoring schedules for the 22 plants in the Inorganic Chemical Sector. Sampling Characterization Routine Analyses Toxicity Testing Flow Measurement Reporting TOTAL iL5 MA $5.6 These estimates indicate that the estimated incremental capital and operating costs are about $5.6 million for this Sector (totals may not add due to rounding). In response to Ministry requests, 17 of the 22 plants in the Sector provided some cost estimates. The Ministry calculated the monitoring costs associated with routine analyses, characterization and toxicity testing based on site-specific monitoring requirements and a common set of laboratory analytical costs. These costs are point estimates and are subject to varying degrees of uncertainty. Using a confidence measure of +/- 20%, the total incremental costs of the Regulation could vary by -i-/- $1.1 million. If the Regulations had required a common monitoring list for all effluent discharge points, the operating costs for routine analyses would be approximately $21.7 million. This represents a difference of $19.4 million, which can be viewed as a measure of the cost- effectiveness of the pipe-specific approach used for this Sector. The above costs do not include the costs of current analytical and monitoring programs which are not directly attributable to the Inorganic Chemical Sector monitoring regulation. B-26 Plant-specific data are seldom available although it is at this level that financial consequences affect the viability of an operation and influence decisions. Thus, the economic effects and implications of incremental monitoring costs have been assessed for only 8 of the 19 companies in the Inorganic Chemical Sector for which financial data are publicly available. These eight companies are: Allied Chemicals Canada, C-I-L Inc., Cyanamid Canada Inc., The Exolon- ESK Company of Canada Ltd., Fiberglas Canada Inc., Nitrochem Inc., Norton Canada Inc. and Union Carbide Canada Limited. The impact of the MISA cost of monitoring on these eight firms was calculated with respect to four performance measures, capital expenditures, net after-tax income(loss), and the rates of return on capital employed and total assets over the period 1981-1987. For these analyses, the operating costs of monitoring were first reduced by the amount of the appropriate corporate tax rate bvecause part of these costs are offset by reduced income taxes. The incremental operating costs of monitoring would have reduced average ratios for the eight firms by 1% or less. This reduction is well within the historic variation of these ratios for all of the companies and is judged not to be significant. The incremental operating costs of monitoring represent anywhere from 0.5% (Fiberglas) to 10.1% (Norton) of average after-tax income. Three of the firms posted average after-tax losses over this period and their incremental operating costs would have increased these average losses by 4.5% (Union Carbide), 1 1.3% (Nitrochem) and 37.8% (Exolon-ESK). None of these firms have indicated that these costs will cause an undue burden. The incremental capital costs of monitoring represent 0.3% (Union Carbide) to 5.4% (Nitrochem) of average capital expenditures. These effects are not judged to be detrimental to the firm's financial position. Finally, the economic impacts of the estimated monitoring costs on the Inorganic Chemical Sector are small in relation to aggregate industry financial indicators. The monitoring requirements may also enhance employment opportunities for consultants, analytical laboratories and equipment manufacturers. B-27 REFERENCES (1) Statistics Canada, Standard Industrial Classification - 1980. (2) Ontario Ministry of the Environment, "1987 Report on the Industrial Direct Discharges in Ontario", October 1988. (3) Environment Canada, "St. Clair River Point Source Survey, 1979-1980", September 1985. (4) Environment Canada, "Review of the Canadian Chlor- Alkali Industry", October 1985. (5) Environment Canada, "Cornwall Point Source Survey 1980- 1981" (6) Environnjent Canada, "Upper Great Lakes Connecting Channel Study", June 1988. (7) Environment Canada, "Review of the Canadian Fertilizer Industry and Evaluation of Control Technology", September 1987. (8) Ontario Ministry of the Environment, "Niagara River Monitoring Information System Reports", 1981-1987. (9) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing Point Source Category" June 1982. (10) Ontario Ministry of the Environment, "The Effluent Monitoring Priority Pollutants List - 1988 Update", March 1989. (11) Ontario Ministry of the Environment, MIS A Inorganic Chemical Sector Site Information Package, unpublished. (12) U.S. Environmental F*rotection Agency, "Development Document for Interim Final Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Proposed New Source Performance Standards for the Explosives Manufacturing Point Source Category". (13) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and New Source Performance Standards for the Basic Fenilizer Chemicals Segment of the Fenilizer Manufacturing Point Source Category". (14) Ontario Ministry of the Environment, "Water Management: Goals, Policies, Objectives and Implementation Procedures of the Ministrs' of the Environment . November 1978 (Revised May 1984). (15) U.S. Federal Register (40 CFR Pans 414 and 416) November 5. 1987. (16) New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, "Water Quality Regulations", New York State Codes, Rules and Regulations, Title 6, Chapter X, Pans 7(X)-705. (17) Ontario Ministry of the Environment, "Ontario Drinking Water Objectives" (Revised, 1983) (18) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, " Treatability Manual, Treatability Data", September 1981 (Revised) (19) Ontario Ministry of the Environment, "Guidance Document for the Elemental Characterization of Liquid Waste Samples", November 1988 (20) Ontario Ministry of the Environment, "Techniques for the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Identification of Organic Compounds in Effluents", November 1988 (21) Ontario Ministry of the Environment, "Protocol to Determine the Acute Lethality of Liquid Effluents to Fish", July 1988. (22) Ontario Ministry of the Environment, "Daphnia magna" Acute Lethality Toxicity Test", April 1988. (23) Woods Gordon Management Consultants, "The Economic and Financial Profile of the Inorganic Chemicals Industry" August 1987. (24) Ontario Ministry of the Environment, "Monitoring Costs and Their Implications for Direct Dischargers in the Ontario Inorganic Chemical Industry", June 1989. APPENDIX TABLE 1 - EFFLUENT MONITORING PRIORITY POLLUTANTS LIST (EMPPL) (1988 UPDATE) EMPPL PARAMETERS CAS ANALYTICAL TEST GROUP « Abletic Add 514- 10 3 Acenaphthene 83- 32 9 19 Acenaphthene, 5-nitro 602 87 9 19 Acenaphthylene 208 96 8 1 9 Acrldine 260 94 6 Acrolein 107 02 8 18 Acrylamlde 79 06 1 Acrylonitrile 107 13 1 18 Aluminum 7429 90 5 9 4-Amlnoazobenzene 60 09 3 Aniline 62 53 3 Anthracene 120 12 7 1 9 Antimony 7440 36 0 1 0 Aroclor 1016 (PCB) 12674 1 1 2 27 Aroclor 1221 (PCB) 1 1 1 04 28 2 27 Aroclor 1232 (PCB) 11141 16 5 27 Aroclor 1242 (PCB) 53469 •21 9 27 Aroclor 1248 (PCB) 12672 -29 6 27 Aroclor 1254 (PCB) 1 1097 -69 1 27 Aroclor 1260 (PCB) 1 1096 82 -5 27 Arsenic 7440 ■38 2 10 Benzaldehyde 100 52 7 Benz(a)acrldlne 225 1 1 6 - Benz(a)anthracene 56 55 3 19 Benzene 71 43 2 1 7 Benzeneacetonltrlle 140 29 4 Benzidine 92 87 5 1H-Benzlmldazol9 51 17 2 - Benzo(b)fluoranthene 205 99 2 19 Benzo(k)fluoranthene 207 08 9 19 Benzo(g,h,l)perYlene 191 24 2 1 9 Benzo(a)pyrene 50 32 8 19 Benzo(h)qulnolln» 230 27 3 - Ben zo(b)th lop hone 95 15 8 - Benzyl alcohol 100 -51 6 Beryllium 7440 -41 7 9 Biphenyl 92 52 4 19 Borneol 507 -70 0 Boron 7440 -42 8 9 1-Bromo-2-chloroethan» 107 -04 0 Bromodichloromethane 75 27 4 1 6 Bromoform 75 25 2 16 Bromomethane 74 83 _9 16 TABLE 1 - EFFLUENT MONITORING PRIORITY POLLUTANTS LIST (EMPPL) {1988 UPDATE) EMPPL PARAMETERS CAS ANALYTICAL TEST GROUP* p-Bromophonol 1 06 41 2 4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether 1 01 55 3 1 9 1 ,3-Butadlene 106 99 0 Butanal 123 72 8 2-Butenolc add 3724 •65 0 2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)0fhanol 1 12 34 5 Butylamlne 109 73 9 N-t-butyl-2-benzothlazolesutphonamlde 95 31 8 Butylbenzylphthalale 85 68 7 1 9 Cadmium 7440 -43 9 9 Camphene 79 92 5 1 9 9H-Carbazole 86 74 -8 Carbon Disulfide 75 15 0 Carbon tetrachloride 56 23 5 16 Chormated dibenzofurans* N/A 24 Chormated dibenzo-p-dioxms' N/A 24 Chlorobenzene 108 90 7 16 Chlorodehydroabletic acid 57055 ■38 -6 Chlorodibromomethane 124 48 1 1 6 Chloroform 67 66 3 1 6 Chloromethane 74 87 3 1 6 Bis (2-chloroethoxy) methane 1 1 1 -91 1 1 9 Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether 1 1 1 44 4 19 Bis(2-chloroisopropyl)ether 108 60 1 19 Bls(chloromefhyl)ether 542 88 1 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol 59 50 7 20 1 -Chloronaphthalene 90 13 1 1 9 2-Chloronaphthalene 91 58 7 1 9 o-Chlorophenol 95 57 8 20 4-Chlorophenylphenyl ether 7005 72 3 19 Chromium 7440 47 3 9 Chrysene 218 01 9 19 CIneola 470 82 6 Cobalt 7440 48 4 9 Copper 7440 50 8 9 m-Cresol 108 39 4 20 o-Cresol 95 48 7 20 p-Cresol 106 44 5 20 Cyclohexanol 108 93 0 Cyclohexanong 108 94- 1 Cyclohaxylamlna 108 91- 8 n-Cyclohexyl-2-benzolhlazole sulphenamlde 95- 33- 0 1 Oehydroabletic acid 1 740 19- 8 TABLE 1 - EFFLUENT MONITORING PRIORITY POLLUTANTS LIST (EMPPL) {1988 UPDATE) EMPPL PARAMETERS CAS « ANALYTICAL TEST GROUP* Diben2(a.h)anthracene 53-70-3 19 2,6-DI-t-butyl-4-methylph«nol 128-37-0 Di-n-butylphthalate 84-74-2 1 9 Dl-n-octyl phthalafe 1 1 7-84-0 1 9 1 ,2-Dichlo''oben2ene 95-50-1 16 1 ,3-Dichloroben2ene 541-73-1 16 1 ,4-Dichioroben2ene 1 06-46-7 16 3,3'-Dlchlorobenzldlne 91 -94-1 . 1,4-Dlchlorobut-2-ene 764-41 -0 . 1,2-Dlchlorobut-3-»n9 760-23-6 . DIchlorobutene (mixture) 1 1069-19-5 . 1 ,1 -Dichloroethane 75-34-3 16 1 ,2-Dichloroethane 107-06-2 16 Cls-1,2-Dlchloroethylene 156-59-2 Trans-1 ,2-Dichloroethylene 156-60-5 16 1 ,1 -Dichloroethylene 75-35-4 16 4,5-Dlchlorogualacol 2460-49-3 2,4-Dichlorophenol 120-83-2 20 2.6-Dichloroph8nol 87-65-0 20 1 ,2-Dichloropropane 78-87-5 1 6 Cis-1 ,3-Dichloropropylene 10061-01-5 1 6 Trans-1 .3-Dichloropropylene 1 0061 -02-6 16 1,2-Dlethylbam»n« (ortha) 135-01 -3 1,3-Dlethylbanzena (mata) 141-93-5 Diethyl phthalata (DEP) 84-66-2 . n,n-Dlethyl-m-toluamlda (DEBT) 134-62-3 5,6-Dlhydro-2-mathyl-1,4-oxathlln-3- carboxanlllde 5234-68-4 5,6-Dlhydro-2-m»thyl-1,4-oxathlln-3- carboxanlllde-4,4-dloxlde 5259-88-1 Dimethyl disulphlde 624-92-0 . DImathylphanol 1300-71-6 2,4-Dimethylphenol 105-67-9 20 2,S-Dlmathylphenol 95-87-4 2,6-Dlmethylphenol 576-26-1 . 3,4'Dlmathylphenol 95-65-8 . 3,S-Dlmethylphanol 108-68-9 Dimethyl sulphide 75-18-3 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol 534-52-1 20 2,4-Dinitrophenol 51-28-5 20 2.4-Dinitrotoluene 121-14-2 19 2,6-Dinitrotoluene 606-20-2 19 4,4'-DI-n-octyld!phenylamlna 101-67-7 TABLE 1 - EFFLUENT MONITORING PRIORITY POLLUTANTS LIST (EMPPL) (1988 UPDATE) EMPPL PARAMETERS CAS # ANALYTICAL TEST GROUP* 1 ,4-Dloxane 123-91 -1 Diphenylamine 1 22-39 4 1 9 Diphenyl ether 101 -84 8 1 9 Dlphenylmethane-4,4'-dllsocyanate (MDI) 1 01 -68 8 Diphenyl 4,4'-methylenedlcarbanllato 1 01 -65 5 Ethanol 64-1 7 5 . Ethylbenzene 1 00-41 4 1 7 Bis(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate 1 1 7-81 7 19 Ethylene dibromide 106-93 4 16 Ethylene thiourea 96-45 7 - Eugenol 97-53 0 Fluoranthene 206-44 0 19 Fluorene 86-73 7 19 Formaldehyde 50-00 -0 Furfural 98-01 -1 . Gualacol 90-05 ■1 Hexachlorobenzene 1 18-74 1 23 Hexachlorobuladiene (HCBD) 87-68 3 23 1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocycloh»xano (gamma Isomer) (Lindane) 58-89 9 Hexachlorocyclopentadiene 77-47 4 23 Hexachloroethane 67-72 -1 23 Hydrazine 302-01 2 . Hydrogen sulphide 7783-06 4 . 2-Hydroxyblphenyl 90-43 -7 4-Hydroxyblphenyl 92-69 -3 . 2-Hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one 80-71 7 . lndeno(1.2.3-cd)pyrene 193-39 5 19 Indole 120-72 9 19 Isoplmaric acid 5835-26 7 Lead 7439-92 1 9 Levoplmaric acid 79-54 9 LImonene 138-86 3 . L ithium 7439-93 2 9 Mercaptobenzothlazole 149-30 4 2-Mercaptobenzothlazole disulphlde 120-78 5 2-Mercaploethanol 60-24 2 . Mercury 7439-97 6 12 2,2-Methylenebls(6-nonyl)-p-cresol 7786-17 6 Methylene chloride 75-09 2 16 Methyl ethyl ketone 78-93 3 n-Methylformamlde 123-39- 7 - Methylmethacrylate 80-62-6 TABLE 1 - EFFLUENT MONITORING PRIORITY POLLUTANTS LIST (EMPPL) (1988 UPDATE) EMPPL PARAMETERS CAS ANALYTICAL TEST GROUP # 1 -Methylnaphthalene 90 12 0 19 2-Methylnaphthalene 91 57 6 19 2-Methylpyrldlne 1 09 06 8 Methyl styrene 25013 15 4 m-Methylstyrena 100 80 1 p-Methylslyrene 622 97 9 Molybdenum 7439 98 7 9 Morphollne 1 1 0 91 8 - n-Morphollnyl-2-benzothlazola sulphenamlde 102 77 2 . Naphthalene 91 20 3 19 1-Naphthalenol 90 15 3 Neoabletic acid 471 77 2 Nickel 7440 02 0 9 Nitrobenzene 98 95 3 1 -NItronaphthalene 86 57 7 2-Nltronaphthalene 581 89 5 2-Nltrophenol 88 75 5 4-Nitrophenol 100 02 7 20 n-NMro3odlmethylamlne 62 75 9 n-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine 621 64 7 1 9 n-Nitrosod'phenylamine 86 30 6 19 A-Nltrosomorphollne 59 89 2 Oclachlorostyrene 29082 74 4 23 Oleic Add 1 12 80 1 Pentachlorobenzene 608 93 5 23 Pentachlorophenoi 87 86 5 20 Perylene 198 55 0 19 Phenanthrene 85 01 8 19 Phenol 108 95 2 20 n-phenylacetomlde 103 84 4 PImarIc acid 127 27 5 Pine oil 8002 09 3 Potassium ethyl xanthate 140 89 6 Potassium hexyl xanthate 2720 76 5 Pyrene 129 00 0 19 Oulnollne 91 22 5 8-Oulnollnol 148 24 3 Selenium 7782 49 2 10 Silver 7440 22 4 9 Sodium butylxanthate 141 33 3 Sodium dimethyl dithio carbamate 128 04-1 - Sodium ethylxanthate 140 90-9 Strontium 7440 24-6 9 TABLE 1 - EFFLUENT MONITORING PRIORITY POLLUTANTS LIST (EMPPL) (1988 UPDATE) EMPPL PARAMETERS CAS ANALYTICAL TEST GROUP « Styene 1 00 42 5 1 7 Tannic add 1 401 55 4 Tetrachloroacotone 31422 61 4 1,1,3,3-Tetrachloroacetone 632 21 3 1 .2,3,4-Tetrachloroben2ene 634 66 2 23 1 .2.3,5-Tetrachloroben2ene 634 90 2 23 1 ,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene 95 94 3 23 23,7,8-Tetrachlorodiben20-p-dioxin 1 746 01 6 24 1 , 1,1,2-TetrBchlorethan0 630 20 6 1 ,1,2,2-Tetrachlorethane 79 34 5 1 6 Tetrachloroethylene 127 18 4 1 6 Tetrachloroguaiacol 2539 1 7 5 2.3,4,5-Tetrachlorophenol 4901 51 3 20 2 3,4,6-Tet'achlorophenol 58 90 2 20 2,3.5.6-Te!rachloroDhenol 935 95 5 20 Tetraelhyl lead 78 00 2 13 Tetraethyl thiuram disulphlde 97 77 8 Tetrahydrofuran 109 99 9 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene (Tetralln) 1 19 64 2 Telramethyl thiuram disulphlde 137 26 8 Thallium 7440 28 0 9 Thiophene 1 10 02 1 Thiourea 62 56 6 Toluene 108 88 3 1 7 2,4-Toluene dllsocyanate 584 84 9 2,6-toluan» dllsocyanate (2,6-TDI) 91 08 7 Toluene dllsocyanate-mixture (TDI) 26471 62 5 Tributyl phosphate 126 73 8 1,1,3-Trlchloroacetone 921 03 9 1 .2,3-Trichlorobenzene 87 61 6 23 1 ,2,4-Trichloroben2ene 120 82 1 23 1 , 1 , 1-Trlchloroethane 71 55 6 1 ,1 ,2-Trichloroethane 79 00 5 1 6 Tnchloroelhylene 79 01 6 1 6 T rich lorofluoro methane 75 69 4 1 6 Trichlorogualacol 61966 36 7 2.3.4-Tnchlorophenol 15950 66 0 20 2.3.5-Tnchlorophenol 933 78 8 20 2.4.5-Trichlorophenol 95 95 4 20 2.4.6-Trichlorophenol 88 06 2 20 2,4,5-Trichlorotoluene 6639 30 1 23 Tnethyl lead N'A 1 3 1,2,4-Trlmethylbenzene 95-63-6 10 TABLE 1 - EFFLUENT MONITORING PRIORITY POLLUTANTS LIST (EMPPL) (1988 UPDATE) EMPPL PARAMETERS CAS « ANALYTICAL TEST GROUP # TrImethylbenzenfts 25551 13 7 TrImethylnaphthalenes 28652 77 9 Trixylyl phosphate 25155 23 1 Uranium 7440 61 1 9 Vanadium 7440 62 2 9 Vanillic add 121 34 & Vinvl chloride 75 01 4 16 o-Xylene 95 47 6 1 7 m-Xylene 108 38 3 17 p-Xylene 106 42 3 1 7 Zinc 7440 66 6 9 Zinc diethyl dithio carbamate 14324 -55-1 * Represents tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, and octa- congensrs NOTE: 1. MOE analytical methods are NOT currently available for parameters shown In bold print. 2. Italicized print Indicates parameters added to EMPPL In the Nov. 1988 upda Number of parameters with existing validated analytical methods 1 4 1 Number of parameters with no analytical methods '' 2 5 Total Number of EMPPL Parameters/Groups 266 11 E i/i o t- o UJ (A < -1 -1 4 -1 o O a 7 >- in X u o () c z Q. < EC o o DC K o U 7 111 (A ' O CM z Ul < _l 0) _l < < < o < 2 < Z < Z < z < z < z < Z o CD < z < z < Z < z < z < Z LU < S o o i (0 E o ■D c 0! a > X o ro o E (S 0) c >■ O I a c o c d) a o ■D I E C O E E < in 3 Q ro c o E E < C a g "c Z OJ -o a o o t— c o € TO O c g o re o 1— o a. VI o Q TO O 1- a o c TO tj ■o c O o o a> a CO CO CO -o o ■D c « a TO O CO CO > ? 0) a D TO o > < < o o c Q) n Q. 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O E _ E := re 2 E re 10 o « u; r :: s. ^ O O O 3 •" z i s « I < ^ 2 f^ Q Q 66 TABLE 4 - INORGANIC CHEMICAL SECTOR PRE-REGULATION MONITORING PROGRAM NUMBER OF OPEN SCANS AND DIOXIN TESTS PER PLANT SITE STREAM OPEN J INDUSTRY SCANS MOE DIO INDUSTRY XINS MOE Albright & Wilson Intake 2 2 Final Discharge 2 1 2 1 Allied Chemicals Intake 2 2 Genelron Effluent 2 1 2 1 Mailloux 2 2 Cabot Intake Discharge from Filter Bed 2 2 CIL (Cornwall) Intake (City) 2 Intake (Well) 2 Manhole 15 4 4 LEL-2 4 4 CIL (Courlright) Intake Drainage Ditch Gypsum Ponds 30" Concrete Pipe 18" Black Poly. Pipe . Manhole #55 42" from A-ll Final Effluent Columbian West Outfall 2 2 East Outtall 2 2 Cyanamid (Niagara) Intake 2 2 Whitty Creek 2 2 Hydro Canal 2 2 Manhole 140 2 2 Cyanamid (Welland) Intake 2 2 Thompsons Creek 2 2 Sludge Pond #11 4 4 North Area Sewer 4 4 Phosphine Sewer 4 4 Explosive Tech. Int. Intake Discharge at Weir 2 2 Exolon-Esk Intake - - 24" Outfall 2 2 67 TABLE 4 - INORGANIC CHEMICAL SECTOR PREREGULATION MONITORING PROGRAM NUMBER OF OPEN SCANS AND DIOXIN TESTS PER PLANT SITE STREAM OPEN INDUSTRY 5CANS MOE DIO INDUSTRY XINS MOE Fiberglas Canada Intake (Polysar) 2 Cole Dram 4 1 North Ditch 4 Cullet Cooling 4 2 General Chemical Intake 2 2 North Drain 2 2 Mam Dram 2 2 IMC Intake 2 2 Final Effluent 4 4 Ni'rochem Intake 4 4 Pond 4 4 Sewer 4 4 Norton Intake 2 2 Sewer A 2 2 Sewer B 2 2 Sewer C 2 2 Sewer D 2 2 Lagoon 2 2 Parlek Insulations East Storm Dram 2 Cooling Water Ove-^ow Stanchem Intake (City) 2 Intake (Well) 2 Conpac 4 4 Suico Intake 1 1 Final Effluent 4 1 Union Carbide Intake 2 2 #2 Weir 2 2 Govl Dock 2 2 Pump House 2 2 Washington Mills Intake 1 1 Final Effluent 2 2 Washington Mills Electro Minerals Intake 1 1 Queen Lagoon 2 2 Welland Chemical Intake 1 1 South Lagoon 1 1 #1 Lagoon 1 1 68 Table 5 - Summary of the Parameter/Frequency Assignment Rules I AJJL.glTES A ) PROCESS EFFL UENT S COMBINED EF FLUIN T S BATCH QJlfi H_A R Q£ § DAILY pH, Specific Conducta'^ce (both continuous preferred). fSS WEEKLY Oil & Grease, DOC, TOC (if TSS >15 mg/L) B) FINAL DISCHARGES* (Process effluents, Combined effluents or Batch discharges) DAILY pH, Specific Conduclance, continuous monitoring, TSS WEEKLY Phosphorus MONTHLY Toxicity ■ Rainbow Trout (1X50 96 h) ■ If no more than 2 r.sh die 'or each of the first 3 'ests, pass/fail tests are allowed for rer^aining 9 months if more than 2 f;sh die lO any of these rerriaining tests, must revert back to full LC50 lest. Dachnia- magna (i-Cso 48 h) II ^TE._SP££1E1£ A) PROCESS EFFLUENTS/COMBINED EFFm£JiT£,BAJi;M DISCHABQ^S DAILY Nitrogen group (nitrogen fertilizer facilities) Phosphorus (phosphate fertilizer facilities and producers of phosphc-js related products) Mercury (chlor alkali facilities) Fluorides (phosphate fertilizer facilities) THRICE WEEKLY DOC (required tor 1 facility in the sector which produces organic chemicals) Total NH3 >10 mg/L, Phenolics (4AAP) >10 ng/L. CI >250 mg/L. SO4 >500 mg/L (N03" ■•• N02') >10 mg/L Fluorides (facilities processing fluorspar and hydrofluoric acid) Selected Priority Pollutants from the Inorganic Chemical Sector List > Long Term Medians (LTM) (Table 6) WEEKLY Phosphorus >MDL, Phenolics > MDL, DOC Inorganic Chemical Sector Priority Pollutants List > Method Detection Limits (MDL)< LTM MONTHLY Analytical Test Group 20 (if Phenolics >10 ng/L) Complete Analytical Test Group (if one group member > MDL) Selected Priority Pollutants from the Inorganic Chemical Sector List based on use/release, historlcai/generic data 69 QUARTERLY/ All Conventional Pollutanis (See Table 2) SEMI-ANNUALLY Inorganic Chemical Sector Priority Pollutant List (See Table 2) Open Characterization ■ OrganiC'tlemental B) OTCW STORM WATER WASTE DISPOSAL SITE EFFLUENTS MONTHLY OR DOC. pH. Specific Conductance, TSS, Phosphorus. Oil & Grease AT DISCHARGE Selected other Conventional/Priority Pollutants (from Sector List) based on source chemicals QUARTERLY Toxicity - Rainbow Trout (LC50 96 h) - If no more than 2 fish die for (OTCW) first test, pass/fail tests are allowed for remaining 3 tests. Daphnia magna (LC50 48 h) C) EMERGENCY OVERFLOWS AT DISCHARGE DOC. pH. Specific Conductance, TSS, Phosphorus, Oil & Grease Selected other Conventional/Priority Pollutants (from Sector List) based on source chemicals NOTE; 1 . Monitoring frequencies of combined effluent streams are less stringent if all contributing process streams were momtored at the required frequencies. 2. Where a parameter is presently being monitored at a frequency greater than that required by this Regulation, that frequency was maintained. 3. Consideration was given to parameters when found in the intake water at the same levels as in the effluent when best professional judgement indicated that the parameters were not produced at the site. 4. Best professional judgement was used for inclusion of raw matenals and products in monitonng schedules based on high levels of use, even if none were found in the effluents above the method detection limits. 70 TABLE 6 - U.S. EPA BATEA PERFORMANCE DATA (OPTION 1) POLLUTANT OR POLLUTANT PROPERTY BY PRIORITY POLLUTANT CLASSES MEDIAN OF LONGTERM WEIGHTED MEANS (PPB) Halogenated Methanes (C1) Carbon tetrachloride 1 0 Chioroform 1 0 Methylene chloride 11.1 Bromoform 1 0 Chlorinated C2's 1 ,2-Dlchloroethane 10.3 Hexachloroethane 1 0 Chloroethane 50 1 ,2-trans-Dichloroethylene 77.5 Tetrachloroelhylene 118.9 Vinyl chloride 1 0 Chlorinated C4's Hexachlorobutadiene 1 0 Chioroalkyl Ethers bis(2-chloroisopropyl)elher 1463 Metals Antimony 65 Arsenic 1 7 Chromium 86.7 Copper 21 3 Lead 329 Mercury 0.2 Nickel 145 Selenium 1 2 Zinc 52.5 Miscellaneous Acryionitrile 50 Cyanide 64 9 Aromatlcs Benzene 27.1 Ethylbenzene 1 0 Toluene 10 Chlorophenols 2.4,6-Trichlorophenol 65.9 2-Chlorophenol 1 0 2.4-Dichlorophenol 16.9 Pentachiorophenol 50 POLLUTANT OR POLLUTANT PROPERTY BY PRIORITY POLLUTANT CLASSES MEDIAN OF LONGTERM WEIGHTED MEANS (PPB) Polyaromatlcs Acenaphthene 1 0 Fluoranthene 13 2 Naphthalene 1 0 Ben20(a)anthracene 1 0 Benzo(a)pyrene 1 0 3,4-Benzofluoranthene 1 0 Chrysene 1 0 Acenaphthylene 1 0 Anthracene 1 0 Fluorene 1 0 Phenanthrene 1 0 Pyrene 12.5 Chloroaromaf Ics Chlorobenzene 23.1 1.2.4-Trichlorobenzene 42 8 Hexachlorobenzene 1 0 o-Dichlorobenzene 23 9 m-Dichlorobenzene 21 3 p-Dichlorot3enzene 1 0 Phthalate Esters bis(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate 19 6 Di-n-butyl phthalate 22 2 Diethyl phthalate 44 4 Dimethyl phthalate 1 0 NItroaromatlcs 2,4-Dinitrotoluene 952 2,6-Dinitrotoluene 327 Nitrobenzene 351 Benzidines 3,3-Dichlorobenzidine 262 Phenols 2,4-Dimethylphenol 1 0 Phenol 1 0 NItrophenols 2-Nitrophenol 40 7 4-Nitrophenol 50 2,4-Dinitrophenol 102 71 c c re c „ — o _ c cf 2 (J c re in T c re c re ■c re T3 re X C W re 5 c O c re z < rz y « E < c re Z u c re $ a o o c O "5 1 o O o c c re ■D re c re O u c p 2 2 re ■c re c 2 2 o u 2 _c re ■c re c re O re c re o 00 re ■o re c re O (J * re ■D re c re O re re IT O c c o O re O c o c -C C o c c o c o ■o c E JZ O c o c ■D E re c E » o £ i: re >- a. o 1 c I 5 c 3 o c in X £ J^ c 5 _l J < 6 O U.' U^ LL £. z cl CO 3 W < _o_ _o JJ z ~ r E •/> a> c « X Q. Q. o o * O o re o o o ® ® 3 c re a o E Q. C c c 2- a E c C o u o o c 3 E C o o Co o Q. Z> O < m T O in CD CM O d CO in o o 00 o m 00 o> o CM cn c CM CO CO o in o CO CO o Ol •a- o r- r- o o (?) CO o o O) o o to d IC 00 o CO o o CO o CD CD d CD 00 O O o o o >3- O) en o CM o n CO o CD o o d CO 00 d in CD o o - cr d to CI d o CO d O to CO - o ^ Ul o o d CO d CM o d in o d CM o d o d 73 PARTC THE EFFLUENT MONITORING REGULATION FOR THE INORGANIC CHEMICAL SECTOR ONTARIO REGULATION 395/89 REGULATION MADE UNDER THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT ONTARIO REGULATION 395/89 EFFLUENT MONITORING - INORGANIC CHEMICAL SECTOR TABLE OF CONTENTS Section 1 - Definitions Section 2 - Purpose Section 3 - Application Section 4 - Sampling Points Section 5 - Characterization Section 6 - Daily Monitoring Section 7 - Thrice Weekly Monitoring Section 8 - Weekly Monitoring Section 9 - Monthly Monitoring Section 10 - Monthly Monitoring - Once-Through Cooling Water Section 11 - Monthly Monitoring - Storm Water Section 12 - Monthly Monitoring - Waste Disposal Site Effluent Section 13 - Event Monitoring - Emergency Overflow Section 14 - Quality Control Monitoring Section 15 - Toxicity Testing Section 16 - Flow Measurement Section 17 - Reporting Section 18 - Commencement Section 19 - Revocation Site-Specific Monitoring Schedules PAGE C-2 C-3 C-3 C-5 C-7 C-8 C-9 C-9 C-9 C-10 C-10 C-11 C-11 C-11 C-13 C-14 C-16 C-20 C-20 C-30 REGULATION MADE UNDER THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT EFFLUENT MONITORING - INORGANIC CHEMICAL SECTOR Definitions l.-(l) In this Regulation, "bi-monthly period" means a period of two months beginning on the first day of January, March, May, July, September or November; "bi-monthly" means once in each two month period beginning on the first day January, March, May, July, September and November; "characterization" means the analysis of a sample to identify and quantify all of the parameters in Schedule AA; "combined effluent " means effluent resulting from any intentional combination of process effluent or process materials with cooling water; "final discharge sampling point" means a location in a process effluent, combined effluent or batch discharge effluent stream situated, (a) before the place of discharge to a surface watercourse, and (b) downstream of all additions of effluent to that strecun; "General Effluent Monitoring Regulation" means Ontario Regulation 695/88; "process change" means any change in equipment, production process or treatment process; 'quarterly" means once in each three month period beginning on the first day of January, April, July and October; C-2 "semi-annual period" means a period of six months beginning on the first day of January or July; "semi-annually" means once in each six month period beginning on the first day of January and July in each year; (2) The definitions in section 1 of the General Effluent Monitoring Regulation that are not redefined in this Regulation apply to this Regulation. Purpose 2. The purpose of this Regulation is to establish a data base on effluent quality in the inorganic chemical sector that, along with other pertinent information, will be used to develop effluent limits for that sector and to quantify the mass loadings of monitored contaminants being discharged by that sector into surface watercourses. Application 3.-(l) This Regulation applies only with respect to the plants listed in subsection (2) and only with respect to effluent streams named in the site-specific monitoring schedules for those plants . (2) The site-specific monitoring schedule for each plant is as set out in the following Table: C-3 TABLE SITE-SPECI FIC OWNER AS OF MONITORING ITEM PLANT LOCATION MAY 19, 1989 SCHEDULE 1. Ajnherstburg Amherstburg Allied Chemicals A Plant Canada Inc. 2. Amherstburg Amherstburg General Chemical B Plant Canada Ltd. 3. Chippawa Plant Niagara Falls Norton Canada Inc. C 4. Cornwall Works Cornwall C-I-L Inc. D 5. Cornwall Works Cornwall Stanchem, a Division E of C-I-L Inc. 6. Elmira Plant Elmira Sulco Chemicals Limited F 7. Hamilton Plant Hamilton Columbian Chemicals G Canada Ltd. 8. Lambton Works Courtright C-I-L Inc. H 9. Maitland Plant Maitland Nitrochem Inc. I 10. Niagara Plant Niagara Falls Cyanamid Canada Inc. J 11. Niagara Fails Niagara Falls Washington Mills Electro K Plant Minerals Corporation 12. Niagara Falls Niagara Falls Washington Mills Limited L Plant 13. Nipissing Site North Bay ETI Explosives Technologies M International (Canada) Ltd. 14. Port Maitland Port Maitland Albright £. Wilson N Plant Americas Inc. 15. Port Maitland Port Maitland International Minerals and O Plant Chemical Corporation (Canada) Limited Sarnia Plant Sarnia Cabot Canada Ltd. P Sarnia Plant Sarnia Fiberglas Canada Inc. Q Sarnia Plant Sarnia Partek Insulations Ltd. R Sarnia Works Sarnia Welland Chemical Ltd. S Thorold Plant Thorold The Exolon-ESK Company of T Canada Ltd. Welland Plant Niagara Falls Cyanamid Canada Inc. U Welland Plant Welland Union Carbide Canada Limited V C-4 (3) This Regulation is a Sectoral Effluent Monitoring Regulation within the meaning of the General Effluent Monitoring Regulation. (4) Each direct discharger shall carry out the monitoring obligations, including the sampling, analysis, toxicity testing, flow measurement, recording and reporting obligations of this Regulation, in accordance with the General Effluent Monitoring Regulation and in accordance with the sampling principles specified in Schedule BB to this Regulation and the analytical principles specified in Schedule CC to this Regulation. (5) Each direct discharger shall carry out the monitoring obligations of this Regulation using the analytical method detection liinits specified in column 6 of Schedule 3 to the General Effluent Monitoring Regulation and in Column 6 of Schedule CC to this Regulation. (6) Each direct discharger shall carry out the sampling and analytical obligations in relation to boron, strontium, biphenyl and diphenyl ether in accordance with Notes A to D to Schedule AA. (7) An obligation on a direct discharger to do a thing under this Regulation is discharged if another person has done it on the direct discharger's behalf. (8) Sections 4 to 16 of this Regulation cease to apply in respect of a sampling point of a direct discharger where an approval is granted under subsection 24(1) of the Ontario Water Resources Act. (a) to route the effluent stream on which the sampling point is established to a sewage works ; or (b) to eliminate the effluent stream on which the sampling point is established. Sampling Pointa 4.-(l) Each direct discharger shall, by the 1st day of September, 1989, establish a sampling point on each effluent stream named in the site-specific monitoring schedule for that discharger ' s plant as follows : 1. A batch discharge sampling point on each batch discharge effluent stream. C-5 2. A combined effluent seunpling point on each combined effluent stream. 3. A finaJ. discharge sampling point on each process effluent, combined effluent or batch discharge effluent stream. 4. A once-through cooling water sampling point on each once-through cooling water effluent stream. 5. A process effluent sampling point on each process effluent strecun. 6. A storm water sampling point on each storm water effluent stream. 7. A waste disposal site effluent sampling point on each waste disposal site effluent stream. 8. An emergency overflow effluent sampling point on each emergency overflow effluent stream. (2) Each direct discharger shall use the sampling points established under subsection (1) for all sampling required by this Regulation, except that a direct discharger may use alternate sampling points where that is acceptable to the Director . (3) Where there is continuity of flow among a process effluent, combined effluent or batch discharge effluent stream of a direct discharger, that direct discharger shall collect all samples required by sections 5, 7, 8 and 9 in respect of those particular strecims on the same day, to the extent that the coincidence or overlap of frequency requirements specified in the site-specific monitoring schedule for that discharger's plant permits . (4) Except as otherwise specifically provided, sets of samples required to be collected under this Regulation need not be collected on the same day. (5) Each direct discharger shall collect each sample required to be collected from a process or combined effluent sampling point as a composite sample throughout an operating day in accordance with subsection 3(4) of the General Effluent Monitoring Regulation. (6) Each direct discharger shall submit for analysis the Scimple volume for each analytical test group that is required by the laboratory to meet the analytical method detection limits C-6 specified in Column 6 in Parts A and B of Schedule 3 of the General Effluent Monitoring Regulation. (7) Each direct discharger carrying out the requirements of subsection (6) need not comply with subsection 3(23) of the General Effluent Monitoring Regulation. Characterization 5.-(l) Each direct discharger shall collect a set of samples sufficient to perform all of the characterization and open characterization required by subsections (4), (6) and (7) from each process effluent, combined effluent and batch discharge effluent scimpling point of that discharger, (a) at the characterization sampling frequencies and minimum intervals specified in the site-specific monitoring schedule for that discharger's plant; and (b) once within thirty days after every process change that is expected to significantly and adversely affect the quality of effluent at that sampling point . (2) For the purpose of subsection 4(3) of the General Effluent Monitoring Regulation, samples collected under subsection (1) are collected for characterization. (3) Clause (l)(b) does not apply to experimental process changes of less than thirty days in duration. (4) Each direct discharger shall analyze each set of samples collected under clauses (l)(a) amd 1(b) for all of the parameters in Column 2 of Schedule AA. (5) Each direct discharger shall collect all samples required by clause 1(a) on the same day, except to the extent that this is impossible because of a lack of coincidence or overlap of frequency requirements specified in the site-specific monitoring schedule for that discharger's plant for characterization sampling for analytical test group 24, with frequency requirements specified in that schedule for characterization sampling for all other analytical test groups . (6) Despite s;ibsection (4), where the characterization sampling frequencies specified in the site-specific monitoring schedule for a direct discharger's plant require characterization sampling for all analytical test groups other than analytical C-7 test group 24 on a day on which characterization sampling for analytical test group 24 is not required by that schedule, the samples collected under clause 1(a) on that day need not be analyzed for analytical test group 24. (7) Each direct discharger shall perform an open characterization on each set of samples collected under clause (l)(a). (8) A direct discharger is only required to fulfill the requirements of clause 1(a) throughout four consecutive quarters. Daily Monitoring 6.-(l) Subject to subsection (2), at each final discharge Scimpling point, each direct discharger shall, (a) continuously seunple and analyze, using an on-line analyzer, for the parameters in analytical test groups 3 and 7 in Schedule AA; or (b) during each operating day, collect a set of scurples and analyze those seunples for the parameters specified in clause (l)(a). (2) If a direct discharger is unable to carry out the requirements of subsection (1) at a final discharge sampling point, that discharger shall instead carry out those requirements at each sampling point on each effluent streeun that flows into the stream on which the final discharge sampling point is located, and shall analyze those samples for the parauneters specified in clause (l)(a). (3) During each operating day, each direct discharger shall collect a set of samples from each process effluent, combined effluent and batch discharge effluent sampling point of that discharger, and shall analyze each such set for the parameters indicated in the daily column, for the stream from which the set was collected, of the site-specific monitoring schedule for that discharger's plant. (4) When on an operating day a set of samples is collected under subsection (3) from a sampling point in respect of which a collection or analysis was performed on the same day under subsections (1) or (2), the direct discharger need not analyze the set of samples for patreuneters for which an analysis was performed under subsections (1) or (2). C-l (5) Clause (l)(b) and subsections (2) and (3) do not apply- in respect of any day on which a sufficient volume of sample cannot be collected because of the collection of inspection S£unples . Thrice Weekly Monitoring 7.-(l) On at least three operating days in each week, each direct discharger shall collect a set of samples from each process effluent, combined effluent and batch discharge effluent sampling point of that discharger and shall analyze each such set for the parameters indicated in the thrice-weekly column, for the stream from which the set was collected, of the site-specific monitoring schedule for that discharger's plant. Weekly Monitoring 8.-(l) On at least one day in each week, each direct discharger shall collect a set of samples from each process effluent, combined effluent and batch discharge effluent sampling point of that discharger and shall analyze each such set for the parameters indicated in the weekly column, for the stream from which the set was collected, of the site-specific monitoring schedule for that discharger's plant. (2) Each set of samples collected under subsection (1) shall be collected on one of the days on which a seunple is collected under section 7 from the same sampling point. (3) For the purposes of subsection (1), a set of samples collected from a sampling point after the first set of samples is collected from that sampling point under subsection (1) shall be collected no sooner than two days after tho previous collection of a set of samples from that sampling point. Monthly Monitoring 9--(l) On at least one day in each month, each direct discharger shall collect a set of samples from each process effluent, combined effluent emd batch discharge effluent sampling point of that discharger and- shall analyze each such set for the parameters indicated in the monthly column, for the stream from which the set was collected, of the site-specific monitoring schedule for that discheurger ' s plant. (2) Each set of samples collected under subsection (1) shall be collected on one of the days on which a sample is collected C-9 under section 8 from the same sampling point. (3) For the purposes of subsection (1), a set of samples collected from a sampling point after the first set of samples is collected from that sampling point under subsection (1) shall be collected no sooner than two weeks after the previous collection of a set of samples from that sampling point. Monthly Monitoring - Once-through Cooling Water lO.-(l) On at least one day in each month, on a day on which a set of samples required by subsection 9(1) is collected, each direct discharger shall collect a set of samples from each once-through cooling water sampling point of that discharger and shall analyze each such set for the parameters indicated in the column, for the stream from which the set was collected, of the site-specific monitoring schedule for that discharger's plant. (2) For the purpose of subsection (1), a set of Scimples collected from a sampling point after the first set of saunples is collected from that sampling point under subsection (1) shall be collected no sooner than two weeks after the previous collection of a set of samples from that saunpling point. Monthly Monitoring - Storm Water 11. -(1) On at least one operating day in each month in which there is a storm event or thaw on an operating day, each direct discharger shall collect a set of samples from each affected storm water sampling point of that discharger during a discharge of storm water related to the storm event and shall analyze each such set for the parameters indicated in the column, for the stream from which the set was collected, of the site-specific monitoring schedule for that discharger's plant. (2) Where a direct discharger has been unable to collect a set of samples from a storm water sampling point of that discharger during any month in which there was a storm event or thaw because of insufficient flow, that discharger shall collect a compensating set of samples from that sampling point during a subsequent discharge of storm water in respect of which a set of samples is not collected under subsection (1), and shall analyze each such set for the parameters indicated in the column, for the stream from which the set was collected, of the site-specific monitoring schedule for that discharger's plant. C-10 (3) Each direct discharger shall make every reasonable effort to ensure that samples collected under subsection (1) in at least two of the months of January, February, March, April and May are collected during a thaw with collection during the second thaw to occur no sooner than two weeks after collection during the first thaw. Monthly Monitoring - Waste Disposal Site Effluent 12 -(1) On one day in each month during which there is a discharge of waste disposal site effluent, each direct discharger shall collect a set of samples from each waste disposal site effluent sampling point of that discharger during a discharge of waste disposal site effluent and shall analyze each such set for the parameters indicated in the column, for the stream from which the set was collected, of the site-specific monitoring schedule for that discharger's plant. Event Monitoring - Emergency Overflow 13.-(1) During each emergency overflow, each direct discharger shall collect a set of samples from each affected emergency overflow effluent sampling point of that discharger and shall analyze each such set for the parameters indicated in the column, for the stream from which the set was collected, of the site-specific monitoring schedule for that discharger's plant. (2) Subsection (1) does not apply if the collection of samples would result in danger to health or safety. Quality Control Monitoring 14. -(1) Each direct discharger shall prepare each travelling spiked blank sample required to be analyzed by this section with a standard solution containing at least the parameters to be analyzed for, and shall record the concentration of each such parameter . (2) For the purposes of subsections (3) and (4), where a direct discharger collects a composite sample using an automatic composite sampling device, the discharger may, instead of collecting a duplicate sample, remove an aliquot from each sample container used to collect the sample, in which case the direct discharger shall analyze the aliquots as if they were duplicate samples . C-11 (3) Once in each month, on a day on which samples are collected under section 9, each direct discharger shall collect duplicate sample for each seunple required to be collected on tha day by sections 6 and 7 from the stream indicated as requiring quality control monitoring in the site-specific monitoring schedule for that discharger's pleuit and shall analyze the set o duplicate samples for the parameters indicated in the daily and thrice-weekly columns, for the stream from which the set was collected, of that site-specific monitoring schedule. (4) Once in each quarter, on a day on which duplicate saunples are collected under subsection (3), each direct discharger shall collect a duplicate sample for each sample required to be collected on that day by sections 8 and 9 from th stream indicated as requiring quality control monitoring in the site-specific monitoring schedule for that discharger's plant, and shall analyze the set of duplicate S2imples for the parameter indicated in the weekly and monthly columns, for the stream from which the set was collected, of that site-specific monitoring schedule. (5) Once in each month, on a day on which samples are collected under subsection (3), each direct discharger shall prepare, process and return to the laboratory a travelling blank Scimple for each sample required to be collected on that day by sections 6 and 7 from the stream indicated as requiring quality control monitoring in the site-specific monitoring schedule for that discharger's plant, and shall analyze the set of travelling blank samples for the parsuneters indicated in the daily and thrice-weekly columns, for the stream from which the set was collected, of that site-specific monitoring schedule. (6) Despite subsection (5), a direct discharger need not analyze a travelling blank Seunple for pareuneters in analytical test groups 3 and 8 . (7) Once in each quarter, on a day on which duplicate samples are collected under subsection (4), each direct ' discharger shall prepare, process and ret\um to the l2iboratory a travelling blank sample for each sample required to be collected; on that day by sections 8 and 9 from the stream indicated as requiring quality control monitoring in the site-specific monitoring schedule for that dischatrger ' s plant, and shall analyze the set of travelling blank samples for the parameters indicated in the weekly and monthly columns, for the stream from which the set was collected, of that site-specific monitoring schedule. (8) Once in each month, on a day on which samples are collected under subsection (3), each direct discharger shall C-12 prepare, process and return to the laboratory a travelling spiked blank sample for each sample required to be collected on that day by sections 6 and 7 from the stream indicated as requiring quality control monitoring in the site-specific monitoring schedule for that discharger's plant, and shall analyze the set of travelling spiked blank samples for the parameters in analytical test groups 16 to 20, 23, 24 and 27 indicated in the daily and thrice weekly columns, for the stream from which the set was collected, of that site-specific monitoring schedule. (9) Once in each quan:er, on a day on which duplicate samples are collected under subsection (4), each direct discharger shall prepare, process and return to the laboratory a travelling spiked blank sample for each sample required to be collected on that day by sections 8 and 9 from the stream indicated as requiring quality control monitoring in the site- specific monitoring schedule for that discharger's plant, and shall analyze the set of travelling spiked blank saunples for the parameters in analytical test groups 16 to 20, 23, 24 and 27 indicated in the weekly and monthly columns , for the stream from which the set was collected, of that site-specific monitoring schedule. (10) A direct discharger is only required to fulfil the requirements of sxibsections (8) and (9) if any of analytical test groups 16 to 20, 23, 24 and 27 are indicated in any daily, thrice weekly, weekly or monthly column of the site-specific monitoring schedule for that discharger's plant. Toxicity Testing 15. -(1) Each direct discharger shall collect a sample from each final discharge sampling point of that discharger once in each month on the same day as the set of samples is collected under section 9 from that sampling point and shall perform thereon a fish toxicity test. (2) If the tests performed under subsection (1) on all samples from a final discharge sampling point in three consecutive months result in mortality for no more than two out of ten fish at all effluent concentrations, a direct discharger may thereafter perform the tests required by svibsection (1), on the seunples from that sampling point, on 100 per cent undiluted S2unples only. (3) If a test performed under subsection (2) on any sample from a final discharge sampling point results in mortality for more than two out of ten fish, subsection (2) ceases to apply and continues not to apply in respect of samples from that sampling C-13 point, until the tests performed under subsection (1) on ail samples from that sampling point in a further three consecutive months result in mortality for no more than two out of ten fish at all effluent concentrations. (4) Each direct discharger shall collect a sample from each final discharge sampling point of that discharger once in each month, on the same day as the sample is collected under subsection (1) from that seimpling point and shall perform thereon a Daphnia magna acute lethality toxicity test. (5) Each direct discharger shall collect each sample required by subsection (4) together in the same container or set of containers with the sample collected under subsection (1) from the same sampling point. (6) Each direct discharger shall collect a sample from each once-through cooling water sampling point of that discharger once in each quarter on the same day as one of the sets of scimples required by section 10 is collected from that S2unpling point and shall perform, on each sample required by this subsection, (a) a fish toxicity test; and (b) a Daphnia magna acute lethality toxicity test. (7) If the test performed in the first quarter under subsection (6) on all scunples from a once-through cooling water sampling point result in mortality for no more than two out of ten test species for both tests at all effluent concentrations, a direct discharger may thereafter perform the tests required by subsection (6) on the samples from that sampling point, on 100 per cent undiluted samples only. (8) If a test performed under siibsection (7) on any sample from a once-through cooling water sampling point results in mortality for more than two out of ten test species, subsection (7) ceases to apply in respect of samples from that sampling point . (9) A direct discharger is only required to fulfil the requirements of sxibsection (6) throughout four consecutive quarters . Flow Measurement 16. -(1) Subject to subsection (2), each direct discharger shall continuously measure the flow of each process effluent and combined effluent stream of that discharger at a location or set C-14 of locations representative of the flow at the sampling point established for that stream and shall continuously record the measured flow. (2) Where there is no contiiiuoua flow measurement in place on a combined effluent stream, each direct discharger shall estimate, on each operating day, the total daily flow of the stream and shall record the estimated flow. (3) Where the flow of a process effluent or combined effluent stream cannot be continuously measured on any operating day because of equipment malfunction and all reasonaible care has been taken to avoid and correct the malfunction, the direct discharger may fulfil the requirement of subsection (1) by estimating the total volume of effluent discharged on that day from that stream and recording that estimate. (4) Each direct discharger shall, at the time of each sampling under this Regulation from a batch discharge or once-through cooling water effluent streeun of that discharger, measure or estimate the flow of that stream at a location or set of locations representative of the flow at the sampling point established for that stream and shall record the measured or estimated data. (5) Each direct discharger shall measure or estimate the duration and approximate volume of every storm water discharge, waste disposal site effluent discheirge and emergency overflow in respect of which the dischetrger has teUcen a sample under this Regulation and shall record the measured or estimated data. (6) Subsection 6(6) of the General Effluent Monitoring Regulation does not apply in respect of measurements or estimates of volume of discharges of storm water. (7) Subject to subsection (8), each direct discharger shall demonstrate by calibration, performed no earlier than 36 5 days before the filing of this Regulation and no later than thirty days before the first use of the device for the purposes of this Regulation, that each primary flow measuring device used to measure the flow of any process effluent stream for the purposes of this Regulation, meets the accuracy requirement of subsection 6(1) of the General Effluent Monitoring Regulation. ( 8 ) Where a direct discharger demonstrates to the Director by means of a certified report of a registered professional engineer of the Province of Ontario that a primary flow measuring device has been designed amd installed in accordance with the standards of a national or international standetrds setting organization, that primary device will be deemed capable of C-15 meeting the accuracy requirement of subsection 6(1) of the General Effluent Monitoring Regulation. (9) Subject to subsection (10), e^ch direct discharger shall demonstrate by calibration, performed no earlier than 365 days before the filing of this Regulation and no later than thirty days before the first use of the device for the purposes of this Regulation, that each flow measuring device used to measure the flow of any combined effluent stream for the purposes of this Regulation, meets the accxiracy requirement of subsection 6(3) of the General Effluent Monitoring Regulation. (10) Where a direct discharger demonstrates to the Director by means of a certified report of a registered professional engineer of the Province of Ontario that a flow measuring device has been designed and installed in accordance with the standards of a national or international standards setting organization, that flow measuring device will be deemed capable of meeting the accuracy requirement of subsection 6(3) of the General Effluent Monitoring Regulation. Reporting 17.-(1) Each direct discharger shall, by the 8th day of September, 1989, submit an initial report to the Director in respect of that discharger's plant. (2) Each direct discharger shall ensure that the plans submitted under paragraph 1 of s\ibsection 7(1) of the General Effluent Monitoring Regulation identify by type each effluent streaun named in the site-specific monitoring schedule for that discharger's plant. (3) Each direct discharger shall report in writing any changes in respect of the information siibmitted under subsection (1) to the Director within thirty days after the end of the month during which the change occurs . (4) Each direct discharger shall notify the Director in writing of any change of neune or ownership of its plant occurring after the 19th day of May, 1989, within thirty days after this Regulation comes into force or within thirty days after any such change . (5) Each direct discharger shall, no later than thirty days after the event, notify the Director in writing of any process change that occurs after the day this Regulation comes into force and that may adversely affect the quality of the effluent in any effluent stream named in the site-specific monitoring schedule C-16 for that discharger's plant. (6) Each direct discharger shall, no later than thirty days before the event or thirty days after this Regulation comes into force, notify the Director in writing of any redirection of or change in the type of an effluent stream named in the site- specific monitoring schedule for that discharger's plant that occurs after the day this Regulation comes into force. (7) For the purposes of subsections (2) and (6), effluent stream types axe the types mentioned in subsection 4(1). (8) Despite subsection (6), a direct discharger need not notify the Director of any redirection of an effluent stream to an emergency overflow effluent stream. (9) With respect to each sample, each direct discharger shall report to the Director the results of all analyses performed by or on behalf of the direct discharger under sections 5 to 14 of this Regulation, and under subsection 4(18) of the General Effluent Monitoring Regulation, including the data recorded under subsection 14(1) and all positive numerical values at or above the analytical method detection limits calculated by the laboratory performing the analysis, together with the date on which each sample was collected and the method used to collect each sample. (10) Each direct discharger shall, in accordance with subsection 7(6) of the General Effluent Monitoring Regulation, report to the Director the toxicity test information obtained under section 15, together with the date on which each sample was collected under section 15. (11) The information required to be reported under subsection (4) constitutes results of analyses within the meaning of subsection 7(2) of the General Effluent Monitoring Regulation. (12) Each direct discharger shall, with respect to each flow measuring device used in meeting the requirements of this Regulation, submit to the Director docoimentation of any calibration or certification of acctiracy required by subsections 16(7) to (10) of this Regulation and subsections 6(1) and (2) of the General Regulation, no later than thirty days before the first use of the device for the purposes of this Regulation. (13) Each direct discharger shall, with respect to each method, device or calculation for flow measurement or estimation to be used in meeting the requirements of this Regulation, other than methods, devices or calculations to be used to measure or estimate the volume of discheirges of storm water, submit to the C-17 Director, no later than thirty days before the first use of the method, device or calculation for the purposes of this Regulation, documentation sufficient to satisfy the Director that the method, device or calculation complies with the accuracy requirements of subsections 6(3) and (6) of the General Effluent Monitoring Regulation. (14) Each direct discharger shall, no later than the 1st day of November, 1989, s\ibmit to the Director a description of the methods, devices and calculations to be used in measuring or estimating the volume of discharges of storm water under subsection 16(5), together with an assessment of the accuracy of those methods, devices and calculations. (15) Each direct discharger shall submit to the Director documentation of each calibration performed under subsection 6(7) of the General Effluent Monitoring Regulation, by the 1st day of November, 1989 or within thirty days after the day on which the calibration was performed. (16) Each direct discharger shall report to the Director the flow measurement information recorded under subsections 16(1) to (4) in respect of each process effluent stream, combined effluent stream, batch discharge effluent stream and once- through cooling water effluent stream of that discharger and the date on which each flow was measured or estimated. (17) Each direct discharger shall submit to the Director a description of amy methods, devices and calculations used in estimating the volume of a discharge of effluent under subsection 16(3), together with an assessment of the accuracy of those methods, devices and calculations, within sixty days after each such estimation. (18) Each direct discharger shall report to the Director the information required to be recorded under subsection 16(5), as well as the date and location of each discharge and overflow measured or estimated under subsection 16(5). (19) Each direct discharger shall report in writing to the Director the date, approximate duration and amount of rainfall of each storm event that occurs while section 11 is in force, within sixty days after each such storm event. (20) Each direct discharger shall submit to the Director, at least thirty days before the collection of the first sample in each month, a schedule of scimpling dates and times by sampling point location for all sampling to be done under sections 5, 9 and 10. C-ll (21) Each direct discharger shall make eveiry reasonable effort to follow the schedule submitted by the direct discharger under subsection (20) but if the schedule cannot be followed as submitted, the direct discharger shall notify the Director promptly of any ch2uige in dates or timee^ (22) Within thirty days after the end of each quarter, each direct dischaurger shall submit a report to the Director stating the quantities of chemicals added to each once-through cooling water effluent stream of that discharger in the quarter, and stating the dates on which these additions occurred. (23) Each direct discharger shall, no later than the 31st day of December, 1990, sxibmit a report to the Director describing the variation in daily flow for a period of six months for each process effluent stream from which samples are collected under this Regulation other than by means described in clauses 3(4) (a), (b) and (e) of the General Effluent Monitoring Regulation. (24) The report referred to in subsection (23) shall include the raw data and calculation methods used to produce the report. (25) Each direct discharger shall keep records of all sampling required by this Regulation, including, for each sample, the date and time of collection, the sampling procedures used, the amount of sample dilution by preservative if dilution exceeds 1 per cent, and any incident likely to affect an analytical result . (26) Each direct discharger shall develop a maintenance schedule for all seunpling equipment and shall record the dates on which any maintenance action was taken, together with a description of the action. (27) Each direct discharger shall keep records of all analytical methods used in meeting the requirements of this Regulation. (28) Each direct discharger shall submit a report to the Director detailing the date, duration and cause of each sampling, toxicity testing, emalytical and flow measurement malfunction or other problem that interferes with fulfilling the requirements of this Regulation, together with a description of any remedial action taken, within sixty days after the day on which the malfunction or problem occurs. C-19 (29) Each direct discharger shall keep all records and reports required by this Regulation to be kept or made for a period of two years following the date of the last report submitted to the Director under this section. Commencement 18.-(1) This Regulation, except sections 5 to 15 and subsections 16(1) to (6), comes into force on the day on which it is filed. (2) Sections 5 to 15 and subsections 16(1) to (6) come into force on the 1st day of December, 1989. Revocation 19. Sections 5 and 7 to 15 are revoked on the 1st day of December, 1990. 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O > 1- z t- h- _l CL S < en < z < _J N CC U 1- O 1- < oc UJ t- < 3 o Q. 3 o o o oc ■D z g < CC < CC LU 1- < DC < re c v> o (/) ® re < N CC LU 1- X < X LU a> o o oc < X o o 1- _l < o (0 re LU 01 B O < H ■p re >- « c > o a CC -1 ° S o ^ 3 < X o < Z < > i^ (n O 03 CO in -^ 00 '" C\J o O C-63 cc O H O UJ CO -1 < <> s c> U) z I o _l o 6 z < en o ^ cc cc o O z 5 , z z o o (- CD 1- ? < < _J D o LU X nr O z Q cc uu o I 1- o z (/) o S X X X X X > X X X X X CO 0) X X X X X i-" ■D 0) >- -z CO § X X X X X X X X X X X •^ a. >s 1 ^ X X X X X X X X X 0) c a Q) >■ ^ X X X X S E o r: nJ !5 ^ X X X X ® 3 3 y) fc a b o O o S E^ ^ X X X X X X Q X X X X X X X X X X X X c X X X X ^ X X X X - CD H 1 s >. ^ X X X X X X X X X en w 0) o o qI o Z ^ CO 3 <3 o "^ ro CO 3 >. c ra ■? o E « 0) w (0 5 X X X X X X X X X X % Q 0) D- X X X X X X 0) n X X X X X X E X X X X X X LU 5 m ri ^i ^ li ci n < Q. UJ C4 < LU z Q m cc 1- 1- < LU CC cc 3 O LU CC 1- > cr ? 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X Q c g c ■ c o o E 3 E ■D ro E 3 E o ro JO o X < 1— 2 Q H I— CO 1- > < tn CG O O o z t- t- -i < z < _I 5! t^ is N O N < 3 O a. 3 o cc O 1- w LU 1- X Q. r c CO 3 O r « o c ro o 3 co c/) > w in :g o (0 cc < X o -J o ro a. o ■D ro LU t- O < < o 1- > c -. .^ o 3 o < I < z X Z O t- C/3 C/5 1— o < CO ro £i in IT) CD r^ 00 O) C-64 X X X X X X X X X X X X b 1 ^ - o E 00 (B "- C/5 ^ X X X X X X X X X X X X ■D Q) C J3 E o O X X X X X X X X X X X X § 3< X 3< X X X a) c =) o 51 O O 2 o S o 2 21 2< X I — LU Q "x "x "x "x "x "x "x "x "x 3< "x" "x" "x" ' TT "x "x "x 2 o 2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X -o 0) c E o O <0 > 2< 2< 2< 2< 2< 2< 2< 2< 2< 2< X X X X X X X. § "x X "x X 1 i o Z o g (D '- CO o Z 2< X i """ "^ ^^ ~"~ ~^ '~~ ~~~ ■^~ ^■" Q c X X X X X X X ro 2 X X X X X X X £ " X X X X X X X ^1 _>. "^^ ■^ o i (A -*" in o "= (0 U) 3 >, § X X X X X X X X (0 o 0) o O o 2 C TO ? O E ^ 0) CO > X X X X i Q 0) a "^^ — ""■ E Ci LU S lU d ti ^ li Q o < Q. 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CO 1= ■T= o < o 8 C-69 < o s O LU r I o _i o (') z < (/> o ^ cr CC o o z 5 1 z z o o t- m 1- ? < <• _j z> O UJ X cc m o z _i O oc UJ o I H o Z w o s H z UJ 3 X X X X X X ^ X X X X X X ■ X X X X X X § X X X X X X c E 0) o LU E o O O o ro o CD E 0) C/5 o 00 o z X X X 1 X X X X X X n X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X ^ X X X X X X in c in >~ to X X X X X X X X X - % 0) ■>• >■ ro ■D o CO ^ X X X C 0) LU re E o O o 2 Z) o ■D O CD E GO o z X X X 1 X X X X X X Q X X X X X X X X X X X X jx: X X X X X X ^ X X X X X X m Q. >. ro X X X X X X X X X io ft c Id E o O 01 >. c >- ro ■o o 00 ^ X X X - ^ o z O "D O CD ro E o z X X X 1 13 O X X X X X X 3= Q- Q X X X X X X LU X X X X X X < Q UJ < CM < d UJ 6 Q UJ > (T > O 1- < CC O u. > (T _l < u. O cc 1- _J < Z < o o p LU h- o z CO CO 0? C/) > z> (n (/) -) -) z f- c o ro 1— -1 U. u. 7 UJ a. o o z o z z cc o >• o o 3 c o c - X UJ H f- o u. o _l u. V 3 o UJ z O -J o QC (- z O o Ul 3 o CC I E < 'c 0) o ro 1/5 rt o "D 0) u Q) C UJ < z U. 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CO O CO o> - CM "d- CM +- o i C-145 PART D EXPLANATORY NOTES TO THE EFFLUENT MONITORING REGULATION FOR THE INORGANIC CHEMICAL SECTOR PART D - EXPLANATORY NOTES TO THE EFFLUENT MONITORING REGULATION FOR THE INORGANIC CHEMICAL SECTOR Introduction The Explanatory Notes provide, where appropriate, an expanded description of each of the sections in the Effluent Monitoring Regulation for the Inorganic Chemical Sector (hereafter referred to as the IC Sector Regulation). Pipe-specific monitoring schedules, listing the chemical parameters and their monitoring frequencies for each plant site form an integral part of the Regulation. The IC Sector Regulation references the General Effluent Monitoring Regulation (Ontario Regulation 695/88), hereafter referred to as the General Regulation, for the "how to" aspects of the monitoring requirements. The IC Sector Regulation is made up of the following nineteen sections, definitions, purpose, application, sampling points, characterization, routine monitoring requirements, quality control, toxicity testing, flow measurement, reporting, commencement and revocation. Section 1: Definitions This IC Sector Regulation is filed under the Environmental Protection Act. Definitions used in the Act therefore apply to this Sector Regulation. Definitions used in the General Regulation apply to the IC Sector Regulation unless they are redefined in the Sector Regulation. The Definitions section of the Regulation provides: clarification of terms used in the Regulation having several possible interpretations; definitions of technical terms used in the Regulation which may not be in common use; definitions for those terms which have a different meaning in the Regulation than those found in a dictionary or through common use; definitions of terms with an alternate use in the IC Sector Regulation from that in the General Regulation; and definitions of terms specific to the IC Sector. The following definitions have been redefined for the IC Sector Regulation: characterization has been redefined to reference the IC Sector D-1 characterization list which is specific to the IC Sector; combined effluent has been redefined from that in the General Regulation in order to provide a more accurate description of the combined effluent streams found in the IC Sector; a final discharge sampling point has been defined as it is specific to the IC Sector. The Regulation imposes a daily monitoring and toxicity testing duty on all final discharges; waste disposal site is redefined in the IC Sector Regulation from that in the Environmental Protection Act to provide a more accurate description of the waste disposal sites found in the IC Sector. a process change definition is included in the IC Sector Regulation rather than the General Regulation as it is referred to only in the context of the IC Sector Regulation. quarterly, semi-annually, semi-annual period, bi-monthly, bi-monthly period have been defined as they are specific to the IC Sector Regulation. Section 2: Purpose The purpose of the IC Sector Regulation is to establish over a twelve month period a data base on effluent quality for each of the plants in the Inorganic Chemical Sector. The data base will be used in the development of effluent limits for the IC Sector. Section 3: Application Section 3 lists twenty-two Inorganic Chemical Sector plants to which this Regulation applies. Each plant is linked to a site-specific monitoring schedule within the Regulation. The site-specific monitoring schedules for each discharger's plant identify the effluent streams to be monitored. The link with the General Regulation is established in subsection (3) and (4) by stating that all monitoring obligations of the IC Sector Regulation shall be carried out in accordance with the General Regulation and that this Regulation is a Sectoral Effluent Monitoring Regulation in the context of the General Regulation. Subsection (5) lists four additional compounds that are to be added for monitoring to the IC Sector List. These compounds were not listed in the General Regulation Schedules because they have been recently added to the EMPPL or they are on EMPPL but analytical protocols have just been developed for them. Footnotes A to D in Schedule AA of the IC Sector Regulation indicate how these additional compounds are to be collected and analyzed. D-2 Subsection (6) allows the requirements of both the IC Sector and General Regulations to be discharged by a second party working on behalf of the direct discharger. Thus, a consultant or laboratory can be used by the discharger to carry out any or all of the requirements under the Regulation. It is the intent of the Ministry that the MISA Regulation requirements shall replace the monitoring requirements for those effluents under Certificates of Approval or Control Orders for the duration of the Regulation in cases of duplicate requirements. This override will not extend to any effluent stream not monitored in the Regulation or for which monitoring is required to assess the performance of various treatment systems or processes. Section 4: Sampling Points Subsections (1) and (2) require that each direct discharger establish and specify sampling points on the effluent streams specified in the site-specific monitoring schedules for each discharger's plant. These sampling points must be used for all sampling required by the IC Sector Regulation unless an alternate sampling location is deemed acceptable by a Director of the Ministry of the Environment. Effluent streams which designated for monitoring and combine prior to discharge, must be sampled on the same day. This requirement will allow a comparison of the analytical results for each constituent effluent stream with those for the combined effluent stream. The data will also be used for mass balance purposes to provide an indication of dilution effects. Independent process effluent, combined effluent and batch discharge effluent streams, however, may be sampled at the specified frequencies on different days within the month to allow for a more even sampling workload distribution at sites with a large number of streams. Same day sampling of as many streams as possible is encouraged in order to better relate the contaminant concentrations in the different streams and to allow the calculation of loading rates for the whole plant site at a given point in time. Once-through cooling streams originating from the same process block should be sampled on the same day each month as are the process, combined or batch discharge effluents from the same block. Subsection (5) requires that composite samples at each process and combined effluent sampling point be taken by methods defined in section 3(4) of the General Regulation. Subsection (6) and (7) allows deviation from the minimum sample volumes specified in Column 5 of Schedule 2 of the General Regulation. Sample volumes other than those specified may be submitted provided that the analytical laboratory has demonstrated that it can meet at least the analytical method detection limits that are specified in Column 6 of Parts A and B of Schedule 3 of the General Regulation. D-3 A minimum sample volume of four litres is required for the analysis of analytical test group 24 (chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans). Sections 4 to 16 of the IC Sector Regulation, dealing with the establishment of sampling points and the monitoring requirements at each such point, cease to apply to a given sampling point when an approval under subsection 24(1) of the Ontario Water Resources Act is granted to route the effluent stream on which the sampling point is established to treatment or to eliminate the stream completely. Section 5: Characterization Characterization samples must be collected and analyzed according to the principles and protocols outlined in sections 3 and 4 of the General Regulation for sampling and analysis respectively. The site-specific monitoring schedules for each direct discharger indicate the required frequency and minimum sampling intervals for performing characterization sampling and analyses on process effluent, combined effluent and batch discharge samples under the Regulation. Generally characterization is specified on a quarterly or semi-annual basis. Minimum sampling intervals are specified in order to ensure that the samples are representative of discrete events and to provide an indication of seasonal impact on the effluents. Characterization has been split into two separate requirements - analysis for dioxins/furans (analytical test group 24) and analysis for the remaining analytical test groups. Subsection (l)(b) requires that a set of samples for characterization be collected from each process, combined and batch discharge effluent sampling point after each process change that is expected to adversely impact the quality of the effluent at that sampling point. Subsection (4) requires that all of the characterization samples be analyzed for all of the analytical test groups as shown in Schedule AA of the IC Sector Regulation. An exemption to the requirements of subsection (4) is provided where the site- specific characterization sampling frequencies for the two analytical requirements differ. In such cases, the characterization sample need only be analyzed for all analytical test groups except group 24. Subsection (5) requires that the collection of the characterization samples at a given sampling point for the two analytical requirements be conducted on the same day where the specified sampling frequencies coincide. Subsection (2) links the characterization samples to the provision in subsection 4(3) of the General Regulation which excludes the use of alternate D-4 instrumental measurement method principles for these samples. Subsection (7) requires that each sample collected at the characterization sampling frequencies specified in the site- specific monitoring schedules for each discharger's plant also undergo open characterization as defined under the definitions section in the General Regulation and in accordance with the requirements of Schedule 3, Part C of the General Regulation. Open characterization is required at the same frequency as characterization except group 24. Open characterization is intended to identify compounds or elements not currently on the EMPPL. Where the in-force date of the Regulation does not coincide with the beginning of a quarter or semi-annual period, the twelve month monitoring requirement will span five calendar quarters or three calendar semi-annual periods. However, only four or two characterization samplings are required to match the respective quarterly or semi-annual frequency requirements as specified in the site-specific monitoring schedules for that discharger's plant. Characterization requires collecting and analyzing a sample for the parameters listed in Column 2 of Schedule AA in the Regulation, which lists conventional parameters and the IC Sector List. The following analytical test groups are required for characterization: Group 1 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD); Group 2 Cyanide; Group 3 Hydrogen ion (pH); Group 4a Ammonia plus Ammonium; Total Kjeldahl nitrogen; Group 4b Nitrate -i- Nitrite; Group 5a Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC); Group 5 b Total Organic Carbon (TOC) (onlyifTSS> 15 mg/L); Group 6 Total Phosphorus; Group 7 Specific conductance; Group 8 Total Suspended Solids (TSS); Volatile Suspended Solids (VSS); Group 9 Total metals; Group 10 Hydrides; Group 11 Chromium (Hexavalent) (only if Total Cr > 1 mg/L); Group 12 Mercury; Group 14 Phenolics (4AAP); Group 15 Sulphide; Group 16 Volatiles, Halogenated; Group 17 Volatiles, Non-Halogenated; Group 18 Volatiles, Water Soluble; Group 19 Extractables, Base Neutral; Group 20 Extractables, Acid (Phenolics); Group 23 Extractables, Neutral Chlorinated; Group 24 Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans Group 25 Solvent Extractables; D-5 Group 27 PCBs (Total); Group ICl Chloride; Group ICl Fluoride; Group IC3 Sulphate. COD is a requirement for characterization but not for routine monitoring. COD has been included to provide a comparison with DOC and also to give an indication of the presence of non-organic oxidizable material. Group 1 3 (Total Alkyl Lead) is not required for characterization in the Inorganic Chemical Sector as Alkyl Lead is not manufactured in the Sector. Analytical test groups 21 (Extractables, Phenoxy Acid Herbicides) and 22 (Extractables, Organochlorine Pesticides) are excluded from characterization as they are not listed on EMPPL and are currently not manufactured in Ontario. Test groups 26a (Fatty Acids) and 26b (Resin Acids) are excluded from characterization as these acids are not manufactured in the Inorganic Chemical Sector. Analytical data from daily, thrice-weekly, weekly and monthly sampling may be used toward fulfilling the characterization requirements, provided that all samples at a given sampling point were taken on the same day and only the instrumental measurement method principles listed in Column 4 of Schedule 3, Parts A and B are followed. Routine Monitoring The requirements for routine monitoring of effluents are specified in sections 6 through 1 3 of the IC Sector Regulation. All routine monitoring samples must be collected and analyzed according to the principles and protocols outlined in sections 3 and 4 of the General Regulation for sampling and analysis respectively. Daily, thrice-weekly, weekly and monthly monitoring requirements apply only to process, combined and batch discharge effluent streams. Once-through cooling water, storm water and waste disposal site effluent streams require only monthly monitoring. Emergency overflows are monitored on an event basis. Section 6: Daily Monitoring Parameters for daily monitoring are indicated in the daily column in the site- specific monitoring schedule for each discharger's plant. Subsection (1) requires that all process effluent, combined effluent or batch discharge effluent sampling points which are also final discharge sampling points be monitored for the following analytical test groups: Group 3 Hydrogen ion (pH); Group 7 Specific conductance. D-6 Group 8 Total suspended solids (TSS). It is preferable that groups 3 and 7 are monitored continuously using on-line analyzers to provide a record of the variability of the final discharges. However, the samples may be collected and analyzed using composite sampling methods. In cases where on-line analyzers or composite samplers cannot be used on a final discharge stream due to physical or practical limitations, subsection (2) requires that each of the constituent streams be monitored for the daily parameters. Requests to use on-line analyzers for monitoring parameters other than pH or specific conductance must be submitted to the Ministry for approval by the Regional Director along with supporting technical data. Subsection (4) exempts samples from analysis for analytical test groups 3, 7 and 8 if those samples are being done under subsection (1). Subsection 4(18) of the General Regulation requires a monthly sample to be collected from each sampling point at which an on-line analyzer is used and analyzed in the laboratory for the specific on-line analyzer measured parameters. This will provide an indication of the accuracy of the on-line analyzer by providing an average value for the range of data recorded by the on-line analyzer. Subsection (5) exempts the direct discharger fi"om the daily monitoring requirements at a given sampling point if there is insufficient volume because of the collection of inspection samples at that point by the Ministry. Section 7: Thrice- Weekly Monitoring Parameters for thrice-weekly monitoring are site-specific and are based on their previous detection above levels of concern as outlined in the IC Sector Regulation Development Document. Section 8: Weekly Monitoring Parameters for weekly monitoring are indicated in the weekly column in the site-specific monitoring schedule for each discharger's plant. The weekly minimum monitoring requirement is: Group 5a Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC); Group 5b Total Organic Carbon (TOC); (only if TSS > 15mg/L); Group 6 Total phosphorus; Group 25 Solvent Extractables (Oil & grease). Additional parameters are site-specific and are based on their previous D-7 detection in specific effluents as outlined in the IC Sector Regulation Development Document. Subsection (2) requires that the weekly sample be collected on the same day as one of the thrice-weekly samples from the same sampling point to provide a complete set of data. A minimum of two days between the collection of any two consecutive weekly samples is required by subsection (3) to increase sample randomness. Section 9: Monthly Monitoring Parameters for monthly monitoring are indicated in the monthly column in the site-specific monitoring schedule for each discharger's plant. Monthly analysis for any or all of the following analytical test groups are based on effluent-specific considerations as outlined in the IC Sector Regulation development document: Group 2 Cyanide; Group 4a Ammonia plus Ammonium; Total Kjeldahl nitrogen; Group 4b Nitrate + Nitrite; Group 9 Total metals; Group 10 Hydrides; Group 1 1 Chromium (Hexavalent) (only if Total Cr > 1 mg/L); Group 12 Mercury; Group 14 Phenolics (4AAP); Group 15 Sulphide; Group 16 Volatiles, Halogenated; Group 17 Volatiles, Non-Halogenated; Group 18 Volatiles, Water Soluble; Group 19 Extractables, Base Neutral; Group 20 Extractables, Acid (Phenolics); Group 23 Extractables, Neutral Chlorinated; Group 24 Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans; Group 27 PCBs (Total). A minimum interval of two weeks between the collection of successive monthly samples is required in order to provide independent samples over as wide a range of operating conditions as possible. Monthly samples must be collected on the same day as the weekly samples for the same effluent stream in order to provide as complete a set of analytical data on a given day as possible. Section 10: Monthly Monitoring - Once-Through Cooling Water (OTCW) Where a once-through cooling water sampling point exists, parameters for D-8 monthly monitoring are indicated in the site- specific monitoring schedule for that discharger's plant. The samples collected from a once-through cooling water effluent stream should be collected on the same day as the monthly process, combined or batch discharge samples. Where the monthly process, combined and batch discharge effluent samples are taken on different days in the month, the once-through cooling water samples for a given sample point need only be taken once that month on a day when effluent samples are collected from the same process block or general process area. This will provide a better indication of plant operations at the same point in time. A minimum interval of two weeks between the collection of successive monthly samples is required for the same reasons as discussed under section 9. Section 11: Monthly Monitoring - Storm Water Where storm water sampling points have been designated for a discharger, monthly monitoring of storm water discharges is required for storm events with rainfall in excess of 5 millimetres over a 24 hour period. Included is a requirement for monitoring the discharge during at least two thaw periods during the winter months. The parameters for monitoring are indicated in the site-specific monitoring schedule for that discharger's plant. Thaw samples are needed to provide an indication of contamination from melting snow and ice. In cases where samples cannot be collected from a storm water sampling point because of a lack of sufficient volume of discharge, a compensating set of samples from a separate storm event must be collected in the following month in order to provide a total of 12 data points over the regulation period. Subsection (3) requires that a reasonable effort be made to collect at least two storm samples from thaws with at least a two week interval between the thaw storm water collections to ensure as much as possible that separate events are being monitored. Samples should be collected towards the beginning of the discharge in order to catch the "first flush" effects. However, in cases where a retention structure is available to provide holdup time, a sample representative of the contents of the structure may be collected directly from the structure prior to its discharge. The list of storm water parameters to be analyzed is site-specific and reflect the potential contamination from process and plant areas from which the storm water drains. Section 12: Monthly Monitoring - Waste Disposal Site Effluent Where a waste disposal site effluent sampling point is indicated in the site- D-9 specific monitoring schedule for that discharger's plant, monthly monitoring is required. Where discharges are controlled at intervals greater than one month, monitoring is only required at the time of discharge. The parameter list for analysis is site-specific and reflects to a large extent chemicals known to have been placed in the disposal site. Section 13: Event Monitoring - Emergency Overflow Where emergency overflow effluent sampling points have been designated for a discharger, monitoring is required of each overflow for the parameters indicated in the site-specific schedule for that discharger's plant. Monitoring parameters are specified on the basis of known process parameters which could be present in the overflow. Section 14: Quality Control Monitoring This section requires monthly and quarterly collection of the following three types of field quality control samples: duplicates travelling blanks travelling spiked blanks. The sampling points where quality control monitoring is required are indicated in the site-specific monitoring schedule for each discharger's plant. A duplicate sample will provide a measure of the reproducibility of sampling techniques used at the site including the cleanliness of the sample containers. A travelling blank sample will provide an indication of any problems with sample contamination due to extraneous volatile fractions of contaminants in the atmosphere or due to any contaminant introduction by handling of the sample containers. Travelling blank samples need not be analyzed for analytical test groups 1 (COD), 3 (pH) and 8 (TSSA^SS). A travelling spiked blank sample will provide an indication of the degree of degradation of the target parameters from the time of sampling to the time of analysis. This in turn may indicate degradation of the target parameters in the regular effluent sample itself. Only analytical test groups 16 to 20, 23, 24 and 27 are to be analyzed because they are the most likely to be affected by volatilization or degradation in the unpreserved solution. Travelling spiked blanks are not required for the conventional pollutants and metals. Inorganic parameters in samples are stable. In addition, most of the samples are either preserved or are analyzed within a short time period. Each travelling spiked blank sample is to be prepared with a standard solution which contains all of the parameters in the analytical test group for which the routine sample is normally analyzed. D-10 For the purpose of providing a duplicate sample when automatic composite samplers are used, either the taking of aliquots from the collected samples or sample splitting is permitted. A second sampler for obtaining duplicates is not required. However, separate containers must be used to collect the duplicate samples for analytical test group 25 (solvent extractables). Subsections (3), (5) and (8) require that duplicate, travelling blank and spiked travelling blank samples respectively be taken monthly on the same day as the regular monthly samples from the sampling point of the stream indicated as requiring quality control monitoring in the site-specific monitoring schedule for that discharger's plant. Each sample is to be analyzed for the parameters required to be routinely analyzed at the daily and thrice-weekly frequency for that sampling point. Similarly, subsections (4), (7) and (9) require that quality control samples as above be taken quarterly on the same day as the monthly quality control samples from the same sampling point and that they be analyzed for the parameters required to be routinely analyzed at the weekly and monthly frequency for that sampling point. Travelling blanks need not be analyzed for pH and TSSA^SS. No relevant pH information can be obtained on a travelling blank of distilled water. To analyze TSSA'^SS, gross contamination would be required for it to be detected at ppm levels. Additional laboratory quality control samples are to be analyzed and prepared by each laboratory as outlined in Section 4 of the General Regulation. This quality control data will provide an indication of analytical variability due to laboratory procedures. Section 15: Toxicity Testing Section 5 of the General Regulation specifies the test protocols which must be followed for the fish toxicity test and the Daphnia magna acute lethality toxicity test. Under the IC Sector Regulation, toxicity test samples are to be collected at each process effluent, combined effluent or batch discharge effluent sampling points which are also final discharge sampling points. The samples must be collected on the same day as the monthly chemical monitoring samples for the same effluent stream in order to aid in the interpretation and possible correlation of the chemical analyses with the results of the biological tests. Effluent samples used for the fish toxicity and Daphnia magna tests are to be taken from the same sample container or set of containers in order to minimize the likelihood of sample differences. An exemption to pass/fail fish testing on undiluted effluent is granted in the case where the first three consecutive monthly LC50 fish toxicity tests show D-U fish monality no greater than 20% of the population at each concentration in the serial dilutions. If a pass/fail results in a fish mortality higher than 20%, then the full LC50 fish toxicity tests must be performed at least for the next three months. Subsequently, if fish mortality at each concentration in the serial dilutions over three consecutive monthly tests does not exceed 20%, pass/fail tests may be resumed. If at any test concentration, the 20% survival criterion is not met, the fish toxicity test requirement reverts to three consecutive monthly LC50 tests. It is not unusual for one fish in a serial dilution sample to suffer monality due to natural causes. Therefore, monality greater than two fish in most cases would be an indication of some possible effluent lethality. The allowance to pass/fail testing does apply to the Daphnia magna test. Substantially less information is available about the effects of the Sector's effluents on Daphnia magna and therefore, a full 12 months of testing is required. Toxicity tests are also required quanerly for once-through cooling water streams. The toxicity samples must be collected on the same day as the routine monthly monitoring samples for that stream in order to provide a conelation of the chemical analyses with the results of the biological tests. The initial quarterly test for each once-through cooling water stream is a full LC50 for both fish and Daphnia magna. However, for a given sampling point, a 100% undiluted test solution may be used for subsequent quanerly tests provided that for the initial quanerly and any subsequent test, both the fish and Daphnia magna monality is no more than 20% of the population at each effluent concentration. For a given once-through cooling water sampling point, full serial dilution tests for both fish and Daphnia magna must be reinstated where the 100% undiluted test solution results in monality greater than 20% of the population of either test species. Section 16: Flow Measurement Flow measurement accuracy and frequency requirements are outlined in section 6 of the General Regulation. Subsection (1) of the IC Sector Regulation requires that all process and combined effluent stream flows be continuously monitored. Process effluents must have installed continuous flow measurement devices capable of an accuracy of ±7%. However, an already installed flow measuring device for a process effluent stream, with a demonstrated accuracy of ±15% over the full range of the device will also be acceptable. D-12 The total daily flow for a combined effluent stream may be estimated to an accuracy of ±20% in cases where there is no continuous flow measurement device on the stream. In cases of flow device malfunction, process and combined effluent stream flows must be reported on the basis of at least three separate flow estimates over the twenty-four hour sampling period as the total volume discharged per day. Flows of batch discharge and once-through cooling water streams need to be measured or estimated at the time of each sampling to an accuracy of ±20%. For waste disposal site effluent and emergency overflows, the volume of discharge may be measured or estimated to an accuracy of ±20%. For storm water discharge measurement or estimation, the ±20 accuracy requirement in the General Regulation has been overridden by subsection (6) to allow less accurate flow data provided it is accompanied by an assessment of its accuracy. Subsections (7) to (10) require that the accuracies for flow measuring devices for process and combined effluent streams be demonstrated either by calibration performed no earlier than one year prior to the promulgation of the IC Sector Regulation or by the submission of reports certifying that the flow measuring devices have been installed according to recognized standards. The one year back-dating ensures that relatively up to date calibration information is provided. In cases where storm water or waste disposal site effluent is collected in a retention basin, the volume discharged may be measured using the change in level in the basin. Where the direct discharger is unable to carry out a field calibration on a secondary flow measuring device for a given stream prior to the collection of the first set of samples as required under subsection 7(7) of the General Regulation, the direct discharger is not prevented from taking samples from other streams which have calibrated flow devices. Section 17: Reporting Section 7 of the General Regulation outlines the reporting requirements for each direct discharger. Subsection (1) of the IC Sector Regulation requires the submission of an Initial Report by September 8, 1989. The contents of an Initial Repon are outlined in subsection 7(1) of the General Regulation. A guidance document for completing the Initial Report will be provided to each Sector plant site. Information submitted in the Initial Report which is considered by the plant to be confidential business information must be identified as such on each page. D-13 This Initial Report is intended to provide information on plant processes with respect to aqueous waste generation, flow and sampling equipment and plant and laboratory procedures to be used in carrying out all requirements of the monitoring program. Four copies of the report, including any attachments, should be provided. Any changes to the information submitted in the Initial Report must be submitted to the Director in writing. The reponing section of the IC Sector Regulation requires that the sampling dates and results of all analyses required under sections 5 to 14 of the IC Sector Regulation, including the monthly verification of on-line analyzer performance data as required by section 4(18) of the General Regulation, be reported to the Director on a floppy diskette within the time periods specified in subsection 7(2) of the General Regulation. All positive numerical values of analytical data at or above the analytical method detection limits calculated by each laboratory performing the analyses must be reported. Results below the laboratory calculated method detection limits may be reported as positive numerical values rather than "less than MDL". The results of the toxicity testing must be reported within sixty days of sample collection on a floppy diskette accompanied by a signed hard copy report in the format specified in Schedule 4 of the General Regulation. Flow device accuracy information obtained on the basis of calibration, certification and estimation must be submitted no later than thirty days before its first use for the purposes of the Regulation. The submission deadline in most cases will be November 1, 1989. Similarly subsection (14) requires a description and an assessment of accuracy for the method used to estimate storm water flow also with a submission deadline of November 1, 1989. The reporting deadlines for flow calibration information provide an additional two month period beyond the deadline for the Initial Report for the plant sites to calibrate their flow equipment. The one month interval between the flow accuracy data submission deadline and the first use of the flow equipment under the Regulation will allow time to make any required modifications to the equipment prior to the start of monitoring. The calibration of secondary flow measuring devices must be performed prior to the start of monitoring according to subsection 6(7) of the General Regulation. The submission of documentation of such calibration is required no later than November 1, 1989. Subsections (18) and (19) require the reporting to the Director of rainfall for each storm event and specific flow information for each process effluent, combined, batch discharge, once-through cooling water, storm water, waste disposal site effluent and emergency overflow stream in writing within sixty days after the day on which the information was recorded. A schedule of sampling dates and times for monthly and characterization D-14 sampling is required thirty days before the sampling takes place to allow the Ministry to plan any inspection sampling. Prompt notification is required for any changes to the submitted schedule. Subsection (22) requires the quarterly submission of the quantities of chemicals added to once-through cooling water in the previous quarter. The data will be correlated with actual amounts found in the effluents. A flow variability report referred to in subsection 3(5) of the General Regulation, is to be submitted by December 31, 1990 for each process effluent stream from which samples were collected other than by means of an automatic flow proportional composite sampling device. This report will determine if a given process effluent flow is sufficiently variable to require a flow proportional sampler or its equivalent of eight grab samples collected at equal time intervals and combined in proportion to flow. Where applicable, an on-line analyzer may be specified as an alternative to flow proportional sampling for the parameters that can be measured on-line. Under section 3(6) of the General Regulation, failure to provide this report by the due date would deem the process effluent stream a variable flow stream. Such a stream would require the use of flow proportional sampling or its equivalent within three months of the report's due date. The implementation date would be no later than March 1, 1991. Subsections (25), (26) and (27) require the keeping of records for all sampling, sampling equipment maintenance and analytical methods used. This would typically include Quality Control documentation, laboratory control charts, instrument calibration and maintenance records, and concentration data for spiked blanks and spiked samples. Maintenance in the form of periodic calibration of automatic samplers is recommended because of the drift in delivered volumes over a period of time for some types of samplers. Subsection (28) requires that malfunctions or any other problems which interfere carrying out the requirements of both the General and IC Sector Regulations, and the remedial action taken, be reported within sixty days of the occurrence. The reasons for non-compliance with the requirements, as documented in this report, may be taken into consideration by abatement and enforcement staff investigating an act of non-compliance. It is prudent to have backup systems available for critical elements to minimize the chances of non-compliance. Subsection (29) requires that all records under this Regulation be kept for two years after the date of the last report submitted under this Regulation. All records which are required to be kept by this subsection are primarily for inspection purposes to ensure compliance with this Regulation. D-15 Section 18: Commencement Monitoring under the IC Sector Regulation begins on December 1,1989. The IC Sector Regulation comes into force on the day the Regulation is filed except sections 5 to 15 and subsections 16(1) to (6) which come into force on December 1, 1989. Section and subsections which are in force from date of filing include: Section 1 Definitions; Section 2 Purpose; Section 3 Application; Subsection 17 (1) initial report; (2) identification of stream types; (3) changes to the initial report; (12) calibration/certification; (13) measurement/estimation of flow; (14) measurement/estimation of storm water; (20) monthly/characterization sampling schedule; (21) changes to schedule. An implementation period of approximately five months from the promulgation date to the in-force date of the Regulation has been provided to allow sufficient time for the plant sites to purchase and install equipment, negotiate contracts with laboratories, set up monitoring programs and train personnel. Section 19: Revocation On December 1, 1990 at the end of the twelve month monitoring period, the following sections and subsections of the IC Sector Regulation are revoked: Section 5 Characterization; Sections 7- 1 3 All routine monitoring except daily; Section 15 Toxicity Testing; Subsection 17 (18) storm, waste disposal site and emergency overflow effluent. In order to provide continued monitoring during the post-monitoring regulation period before the effluent limits regulation is in force, the daily monitoring requirements for process, combined and batch discharge effluents, as specified in section 6, will remain in force. The on-going daily samples must be collected and analyzed according to the same principles and protocols followed during the twelve month monitoring period. Flow measurement of monitored streams must continue at the accuracy specified in the General Regulation. Characterization and toxicity testing will not continue under this Regulation beyond twelve months. 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