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PRL C Ee eee eb ee tee ek ar ande bd elli AE TEN eet teres bor et or ek eee t ek een enen Menten 8 tenement e ban beer F608 ad beeen gd rede tten tee mae 6 omd rnd kend bidder ed eeh rie beed ne en en bade ed EDE vern ft ed vene phere ote Fank etree dees tte dae PF en eae aber nee pee bee en dv bef mite nn be med a nn Fl ne en dae Ae been dte beg bre bed ek erde let bej epen + tet tren Klek ket brente - ej ry bled wb oe bry pen Wengert incre diy tem orrtintt je deg ed ve ere ia we wenen Get eden eenen hen hen hen ee ke na tn kende Menden ended POU Ee te me nn entente terpen er © He deere min Rene pien bern Peevee Epa tre ore Pla 8 (ed wep eee mee | we beer te dp emd ake tet dee betten Honjo a pele = Boers beetle ve ote crate fea tn (erent pent Bd bide cre Bre re bee etme bet er heed ere Rete es roe pene Pre Bn me been fate meh sperms e SLO SEE Dene oe FSR rane we evh wee UTETUE. flee EE mein artnr verled ond ven Nt tom be Emo Sd Ore Uren bat tet verder fre tet eee ete ete arn 7 a ’ ote start? i veront teepeperterten tert „ ree hee PP peer eek Grek ew etr ta: ner Rate SPRL PVEN | eG a , " TET SEE Ce Dat erge Le ee Et hE OES be § hak ik fe wh USER ee Ug One Cl ohn d etentjes bag Edenaar PRE ae tia bee be HS nee ee Fay feet e menmintefe vtt et PEEL SEE aU at Ue ATE G er ee eel hat tt emer ing Sci bainehachd bakhactied heten bestanden sera danke bent sa benens nd heks ih kaa eere be entrer, Bee ty Pane ne mt ed weep et Fat oe ken ech At Oe Beten venen eedt fe bee penne nie ned hen efenrt tember rab Tee bene Mithun deld er te anata tem nne add senden = ° al ee ee staen ool Bae eed aed tel Rein eee nah hee berken ohne ee oe _ gtd pod meden etn Bman en been en je ven be en de ee be ee ee boeren dacneretre Ate Het Tet er vain “tt vormpje verfen heeten meee meg tert von of yw eve § ot > sfntaderrtei ners eo Oe tore tenmin terr eten be veter oer See RS Kd é tr pmseertate vennep enter te EEN Eeten ELENA Cr DR RENT PUP get en renee foe bene rece emt tenting eet eee eee EN OPED eT ETT aie (ake et wy Bed 8 te edd ites tee re fetter big oren Be Be bie be etter Deh lL Pee Clete E nnn FUE bre FEL te Pe VEE SETI OED Sreyet teeters ta gn terde eas me erf = + ebtever ene enn Ore hes tered ee ard vete omen LO Ue Tee över ale hoe rn PERE rn ener larpertutve Groter den Dee EER Ade CES OTE orde ONT NNT © tember ene “3 Orte Opent ye tete . tiende prenten ted ete pet verge men Om ver Cee QOD CEL reren Reed Lie bare ha lente Me toren Tadaa CLE Lá tenten trein * ane pater Tel etat enger tere acca teegag yp tretm pttm tetra NONE 5 ET ad —~tibedatede att PPD ES Peete MR Mite ds (ri i heteteanteu c fa eed OL OS Ch ber (ote Ge OEE 4 iS s ferrE Er ETeradt Tetuan pretend vide tees Cle teens rete hetoriniterntirne batig bee Lene a beatietwike Te ere Os lew ito he ow tee iw omaluiue lari ers Gals haetate Pee es ee te i eo ere ee fe ees) ee a ee ee denk ern ee ee ee je See Le) eee Bw ELS RO ee es He a EL hin Fe tegn jorinabenvr FTG ten am etend delden heneeddkd oder pr eneT em ane ine pol ERR F EE + Thee 4s lores odf beg Old Ondek RE ot ble bert od Goed eht Led br Gd del Ord Loa De het nemen hetnet baad s Sethe ber kinda eased | 2 5 Sot bl beet eden! wee stere wt Rede bsed er dere edig lek et eee dend et ee hee ng dere ree med eet and © is + bE en meg ee ej ete ec een hr fr re ideen LRT ee ent bande et te rm brett zatte heide se trp imier nese ATLAS ek IA es essen wett dere En te eens tame ape dnd Ole d Coady od ata e et teke er eitetalig Se ee ester inter ted bail hd tepel O50 Fer terdege pa geit enso breve jenr seer. Genet bead vef tend woe fo tree indeelt biibrwerenif ovetut onteren bev rene den toni agaivinretie britt thteth Br teen eden € bed oe amine en erde fris ON er tet epen dn bd egen tper evet enen oer pent ervoer nrg on See cee nm gn tieten inert ns on perte Op ver EERE ET srearmten rand, Veem indeter She Ered ED elk Ske Lee a be De te ireen ia pela die DEET Fhe Ber Ee ep ee ei eene Pte aN reee terpen eset Enten tar AME SLUT VAL oe tak weld be DAL Pi diclg leed Hand led Wig Sad pd oe FL gage babys ia hare a suteet mos ere ee ee ee ee a0 hee ee renten a. ere enden belde ee kdenk . MEGEN TE ee dd teen enten en jee en rekenende ok br edentate ton batt teste se hieorkanrteet hentas sdhehind fet tess ritptet ri beatin larba, beutaetse heee edertt s beotndid et noo pe Feta he bedden gens oe bam ver A : Eaedhet ieaaietenaiee ited chen hater ties ©, lafaa Ste ses 4 cele cartes tentstetierds © ne bast ented on Good ovindutrerei deed e Ier nelis nete Hor Pps 4 4 fu Sos Dai EE a den rr is ae d ' Ed 7 “The Flora of South Africa” SUPPLEMENT: The Common Names of Plants Vol. Vol. Vol. Vol. “The Flora of South Africa.’ EE. II. IV. Thallophytes, Vascular Cryptogams. Gymnos- perms. Monochlamydeous Dicotyledons. 1 Photogravure, 29 collotype and 86 coloured plates. (Published 1918). Polypetalae (Rosales—Umbelliferae). 1 Photogravure, 20 collotype and 52 coloured plates. Sympetalae (Hricaceae—Compositae). 1 Photogravure, 20 collotype and 50 coloured plates. Monocotyledons (Published 1915). 1 Photogravure, 20 collotype and 42 coloured plates. For particulars see notice at end of book. DICTIONARY OF The Common Names of Plants WITH List of Foreign Plants Cultivated in the Open. BY | RupoLF MARLOTH LIBRARY MEW YORE BOTANICAL GAREN THE SPECIALTY PRESS OF SOUTH AFRICA, LTD. B CAPE TOWN: 1917, 4 ee = a PREFACE. A rrrover the number of popular names recorded in this book is quite considerable, we have no doubt that many more exist and that various untapped sources of information are still available among the older residents of the country. Vernacular names are not always reliable from a botanical point of view, for the same name is sometimes used for different plants in different districts, while, on the other hand, many plants bear several designations, eg. Sutherlandia frutescens, for which we give ten, but there may be more. This is, however, nothing in comparison with European conditions. In Hegi’s Flora of Middle Europe one finds for the common Meadow saffron (Colchicum autumnale) 149 names enumerated for that area. In spite of some uncertainty the common names, if judicious- ly employed and accepted with a little care, are useful and handy—they certainly help to disseminate knowledge and love of plants among the people, and that alone would justify their preservation. In using the book a few additional points should be borne in mind. Compound names will be generally found under the principal word, eg. “ Wild chestnut” under “Chestnut”. Foreign plants which have established themselves in our Flora and are able to persist and spread without artificial aid, appear in parts I. and II., others, which depend upon planting or sowing by the hand of man, will be found in part III. For an observer living at Cape Town it is not always possible to decide this point correctly, hence we have no doubt that our lists will require some revision in this as in other directions— suggestions will be gratefully received. It had been originally intended to publish the list of the common names of plants after the completion of our “ Flora of South Africa”. Owing to certain delays it has been con- sidered preferable to issue the Dictionary in the meantime; may it prove to be a useful little book. We are especially indebted to Mr. I. B. Pott Evans, Govern- ment Botanist, and Mr. C. C. Rosertson, Forest-Research Officer at Pretoria, for kindly rendering the records of their offices accessible to us, and to Professor HuBeRrTUS ELFFERS (Wynberg) and Dr. W. Purcett (Diep River) for various suggestions with regard to the orthography of names and the typographical arrangements. Numerous other friends have contributed names or plants for identification, or communicated items of interest concern- ing them, or helped us in compiling the list of foreign plants. In recording their names hereafter we take this opportunity of thanking them all for their assistance and apologize at the same time to others whose names may have been inadvertently omitted. Some readers may think that we ought to have included more Kafir names of plants. This would have meant at least a thousand additional names and consequently a considerable increase in the size of the book, which does not appear to be justified at present. Some information on this subject may be found in Sim’s Forest Floras, in ANDREW SmiItTH’s Materia medica and in the Rev. ALFRED BRYANT’S Zulu medicines (See Literature). | The number of common names recorded here is nearly 2000, most of them not published before, and the number of species of wild plants close upon 1200. As soon as sufficient further material has accumulated we intend to issue a supplement, and—if justified—perhaps a second edition. R. Marrorn. CONTRIBUTORS. (See also preceding page). Miss A. ARMSTRONG, Belvedere (Knysna). Lady Beck, Tulbagh. Mrs. F. Borus, B.A., Kenilworth. Miss A. V. DuTHEE, M.A., Stellenbosch. Miss DOROTHEA F'AIRBRIDGE, Claremont. Mrs. B. Foster, Clanwilliam. Miss SypNey M. STENT, Gov. Herb. Pretoria. Miss EB. L. STEPHENS, M.A., S. A. Coll., Cape Town. Mrs. STRASSBERGER, Wupperthal. Miss K. Weyer, De Toekomst. Mr. NORMAN T. BAKER, S.A. Gardening, Johannesburg. Mr. C. W. Brack, Mossel Bay. Mr. FRANK Borus, Kenilworth. Mr. L. J. BorHa, Vredenburg, C.P. Mr. J. Burtt-Davy, Burttholm, Vereeniging. Dr. B. DE ViLiimrs, Franschhoek. Mr. J. L. Drees, Port Elizabeth. Mr. J. C. Krapout, Concordia. Mr. Ernest E. GALPIN, Queenstown. Mr. J. Kriege, Stellenbosch. Mr. C. EB. Leear, Chief Conservator of Forests. Rev. E. LEMMERZ, Elim. Dr. J. LuckHorr, Cape Town. Mr. H. W. MATHEWS, Kirstenbosch. Mr. IzAK MEIRING, Worcester. The late Mr. HALDANE MURRAY, Graaff-Reinet. Mr. A. J. NEWSTEAD, Cape Town. The late Dr. H. H. W. PEARSON, Kirstenbosch. Rev. CHARLES PETTMAN, Kimberley. Dr. P. PHILLIPS, Cape Town. Mr. C. HE. Z. WATERMEYER, B.A. Sea Point. Mr. E. B. WATERMEYER, Nieuwwoudtville. Rev. C. WINKLER, Elim. TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I. Abbreviations and glossary of Dutch terms Alphabetical list of the common names of indigenous plants, including half-wild foreign plants ; : Names not identified PART II. Classes and families of the Flora of South Africa Systematic arrangement of the species mentioned in Part I PART III. Foreign plants frequently cultivated in the open Literature INDEX OF PART II Page 8 5 $e d | % hi ‘ 5, ey. y => Á ae PART I. ALPHABETICAL LIST OF COMMON NAMES. Note. Many plants bear different names according to district or even in the same district. These may be found by consulting the botanical index at the end of the book and the systematic arrangement of the plants in Part II. The names of introduced plants generally occurring only in cultivation are given in Part III. Many popular names have reached us through friends not familiar with the Dutch idiom, and the spelling was consequently not always quite correct. In fact it has been sometimes impossible to decipher a name and to arrive at a rational interpretation. We hope that our readers will assist in solving some of these linguistic puzzles. EXPLANATION OF SIGNS AND ABBREVIATIONS. D. : Dutch. C. : Central districts Engl. : English. (Karoo, etc.). etc. : and other species. Del. B. : Delagoa Bay. = : the same as. E. : Eastern Cape Province. Yn Bee! Kal. : Kalahari. q.v. : which see. Ko. : Karoo. introd. : introduced plant. mts. : mountains. * : Foreign plant now Na. : Natal. half wild. Nam. : Namaqualand med. : used medicinally by (Little and Great). natives and colonists. No. : North of Orange River. pron. : pronounced. S.A. : South Africa. (?) : Information on origin S.W. : South-western dis- of name, etc., wanted. tricts of Cape Province. Spec. ? : Not known which Tr. : Transvaal. species, hence specimens wanted. bt Glossary of more frequent Dutch terms occurring in compound words. Bast, bark. Gras, grass. Berg, mountain, hill. Groen, green. Bes or bessie (besje), berry. Hout, wood. Blaar (plur.: blaren) or blad, Jakhals, jackal. leaf. Klip, rock, stone. Blauw, blue. Kop, head, hill. Blom (bloem), flower. Kost (kos), food. Bok, buck, but also goat. Kruid. (kruiden), herb. Bol, bulb (including corm and Melk, milk. tuber). Paarde or perde, horses. Boom, tree. Rooi or rode, red or orange. Bos (bossie, bosje), bush, Slang, snake. shrub, shrublet, but also Staart, tail. forest. Wit, white. Doorn, thorn, spine, prickle. Wortel, root. Geel, yellow. Zwart, black. Alphabetical List OF COMMON NAMES. Aam beie’bos. Chironia baccifera. A bushy herb with bright red berries. Very bitter and used medicinally like gentian. Also called Bitterbossie and Meidje Willemse. (S.W.). Aand blom (Avond-blommetje). Several sweet-scented Iridaceae, especially species of Hesperantha, eg. H. falcata. Flowers dull coloured outside and white inside, opening in the evening. At the Knysna and further east the name — is applied to Gladiolus tristis, which is scentless in daytime, but exhales a strong perfume in the evening. A pale yellow variety of this species (var. concolor) is called the Vlei — or Trompetter (Caledon, etc.). Another plant called — is Freesia refracta (Mosselbay, Hopetown, etc.). Aand pijpie v. Pijpie. Aap z’n kost. Gardenia Rothmannia. An eastern forest tree with large white flowers and large woody fruit. _ Aar bossie. Walafrida geniculata (Selago leptostachya). A sub-shrub of the Karoo, growing preferably in localities holding subterranean water, hence often found along underground fissures or dykes where water circulates. Aard boontje — Veld’barroe. » roos. According to Thunberg: Cytinus dioicus. A para- site growing on the roots of various shrublets, with red or orange flowers. At present the name is often applied to the more frequent Hyobanche sanguinea (deep red). Also a parasite. Aas blom. Various species of Stapelia and Caralluma. The flowers mostly of a more or less dull brown, purple or yellow colour, variously marked, with the odour of decay- ing meat. Carrion-flies are often deceived and deposit their eggs in the flowers. One of the most foetid species is Caralluma lutea (No.) 4 AASVOGEL — AJOOSIE Aasvogel bessie. Mawrocenia Frangula, an ornamental shrub of the coastal districts with dark foliage and blueish-black berries. E: Hottentot cherry. ef bie Abiquas geelhout y. Davib. Abraham’s book. Massonia Bowkeri (Na). Achtdag-genees bos. Three quite different shrublets have been pointed out to us by native herbalists under this name, all used as tea, probably on account of certain — aromatic properties: Hermannia hyssopifolia (Stercul.) ; — Lobostemon fruticosus (Borag.) also called Dauw- wormbos; and Psoralea decumbens (Papil.). Adelaars varen. Pteridium aquilinum. The Bracken, a cosmopolitan fern. The name alludes to a peculiar mark- ing appearing on a cross section of the stalk (due to the irregular shape of the vascular bundles). Africander (Afrikaander). Various species of Gladiolus and Antholyza, especially in the South West. G. grandis, the — Large Brown — appearing in spring. G. maculatus, the — Small Brown — (autumn). G. recurvus, the Mauve — (spring). G. Watsonius and A. revoluta, the Red —. G. blandus, the White —. In other districts the same _ names apply to other species, e.g., the Small — (klein—) of Graaff-Reinet and Griqualand West is G. edulis, etc. Another Brown — is G. tenellus (scentless). Bokkeveld. Agapanthus. A. wmbellatus, on the mountains of the coastal — districts, frequent in gardens especially the white variety. Agave (Century Plant). oe. ee a oe ke 4 J vs : 3 hl , 4 ~~ 5 4 as i APPEL — ASPARAGUS 7 Appel and apple. See bitter—, gift—, goor—, grijs—, wit—; Custard —, Dingaan’s—, Kei—, monkey—, sand—, thorn—. Appel-der-liefde. In Holland this name is applied to the tomato, but here to the Cape gooseberry. See also Pompel- moer. Apple of Sodom v. Bitter’appel. Apies doorn, Acacia Welwitschii and A. Burkei. Large trees (No.) with numerous straight spines (also on the old wood). Apricot, Wild —. In Kaffraria: Dovyalis tristis, but in the northern provinces: Landolphia capensis, a low twining shrub with milky sap. April fool, Haemanthus coccineug and other species. Flower- ing before the new leaves appear. Arderne’s Watsonia. The white-flowering variety of Watsonia rosea. Arnoster — Renoster. Aroena. Caralluma incarnata. (Clanwilliam). One of the Stapelias armed with stout spines. Arum, White —. Formerly called Richardia africana, but now scientifically known as Zantedeschia aethiopica. Also called Pig-lily, an adaptation of the Dutch name Varkblom. The fleshy rootstock nutritious and conse- quently used (boiled) ag food for pigs. Some other kinds of S.A. Arums (Zantedeschia) have a yellow spathe, e.g., Z. Elliotiana (spathe pure yellow) and Z. angustiloba (basal portion of spathe dark maroon on the inner side) both Tr. Asbos (Loog), Mesembrianthemum junceum and M. micran- thum. The ashes used for obtaining a lye for soap-making and the dipping of raisins. Ash, Cape —. Hkebergia capensis. Timber rather soft, used for furniture, the grain of the wood somewhat resembling the European ash (Frazinus). Asparagus. Many species indigenous in S.A. A few cultivated for ornamental purposes, viz., A. plwmosus (feathery —) for shower bouquets, etc, A. Sprengeri, in hanging baskets, (both from Na). The young shoots of A. africanus, A. capensis and some others used as a vegetable like the European A. officinalis. 8 ASSEGAI — BANDJEBOS Assegai-wood, Curtisia faginea. A large handsome tree with beautiful foliage. Wood tough and strong, highly esteemed for wagons. Supposed to have been used by the Kaffirs for the shafts of their assegais, but not employed for this purpose now. „ wortel — Tien-os-touw. Small shrub, root long, straight down. Aster, Wild —. Several indigenous species, e.g., A. fruticosus. The Berg — (Cedar mts.) is Lachnaea filamentosa. Avond blommetie v. Aandblom. Baak hout, Greyia Sutherlandii. A small tree with gorgeous red flower-spikes, called Wild bottle-brush in Natal. Grown in gardens as an ornamental shrub. Name from ‘““ Baaken” (beacon), as the little tree often stands conspicuously on rocks. | Baard mannetje. Melasphaerula graminea. Allied to Gladiolus. Babiaantje, Babiana (several species). The baboons (baviaan, mostly pron.: babiaan) unearth the corms (so-called bulbs) for food. B. villosa, the Rooi —; B. ringens, the Rattestaart —. The latter plant bears the flower-spike close to the ground, and the short stem terminates into a tail-like barren piece, which serves as a perch for the sunbirds when visiting the flowers. The Geel — is B. macrantha (Darling). Bak bos = O'ond bos. Bakkers bos — Windmakerbos. Bakkies blom — Disa. Balderjan, Wild —. Valeriana capensis. 'The rootstock used medicinally like the European V. officinalis. Baisam, Wild —. Impatiens capensis. In forests. Bamboo (I). : Bamboes). The species cultivated in many S.A. gardens is Bambusa Balcooa*, from the East Indies. The indigenous bamboo (Arundinaria tesselata) is frequent on the mountains of the eastern parts. V. Sea-bamboo. Banana, Wild —, of the coast districts, is not a Musa, but Strelitzia augusta. In the northern Transvaal occur two indigenous species of real banana, viz., Musa Living- stoniana and M. Davyana. Bandije'bos, Cotyledon Wallichii. The leaves, especially when shrivelled, resemble short ribbons. V. Nenta. BAOBAB — BEESTEBUL § Baobab. Adansonia digitata. The largest African tree, inhabiting the open grass country of Central Africa. Bark bush — Bergbast. Barley, Wild —. Hordeum murinum.* A troublesome weed, especially on lawns. _Barroe. Several plants of the genus /ockea (Asclep.) and Cyphia (Campanul.) with fleshy roots or tubers. The most frequently used kind, called Kamberoe (kambroo), is Fockea angustifolia. The juicy root is eaten raw or made into a preserve with sugar. Occasionally also F. wndulata. Berg —, F. capensis, (Prince Albert district) is very large but not edible. Bos —, Cyphia silvatica and Veld —, C. volubilis, C. digitata and C. incisa, possess small round tubers, rich in inuline (a substance allied to id Bastard ironwood, etc. v. Ironwood, etc. Baviaans appel. A gall on Asparagus strictus. (B. Ko.). „ kers — Bergcypres. „ klauw = Luisjes. » kost. Hydnora africana, more frequently called Jakhals’ kost. In some parts of the Karoo the same name is applied to Augea capensis, the roots being unearthed by baboons. » oor. Hriospermum latifolium. A tuberous plant, produc- _ ing a single round leaf fiat on the ground (winter). » schoen. Whiteheadia bifolia. (Cedar mts.). Also : a) u me a A ie, „4 ae ay : ‘ a 5 $ n Kk % “A if $ NN > ys } Vi Kes ia q u a Ea An wh de en ret rn Se e+. Wee SAN af ea * Se EN 4 Androcymbium melanthioides (Jansenville). 8 _» Sstaart.Barbacenia retinervis. The short, black and fibrous Je stems (No.) employed like scrubbing brushes. „ touw (Monkey rope). Various lianas of the forest, viz., the wild grape (Rhoicissus capensis), the milky rope (Secamone Thiunbergii), the thorny rope, Palbergia armata, D. obovata and some others. „ Uintie v. Uintje and Monkey-bulb. _ Baviaantje — Babiaantje. _ Bean, Soudanese — (Hyacinth —). Dolichos Lablab. (Na.). Bean tree, Hottentot’s —, v. Boerboon. Beech, Cape —. Myrsine melanophleos. The wood, when polished, more beautiful than beech (Fagus). sf PBceste’ bul. Crassula portulacea. An arborescent succulent 4 with a fleshy trunk, frequent in the Little Karoo, Addo _ bush, etc. 10 BEESTE- — BESSING- Beeste klauw. Hriospermum spec. (No). The leaf has some- what the outline of the footprint of a cow (miniature). Bee-sting bush — Bijangel. Beet bossie. Leontonyx angustifolius. A weed. Beggar ticks. Bidens pilosa. Also called Black jack and Wewenaar or Weduwnaar. Begging hand. Disa spathulata (Tulbagh, etc.). Lip very long, projecting horizontally. Begonia, Wild —. Several indigenous species (E. & No), most frequent B. natalensis, a small-leaved kind. Belladonna lily — Amaryllis. Belombra tree (Bella sombra, sometimes corrupted into “ Belhambra”). Phytolacca dioica, a quick-growing shade tree from S. Amer. The fruit often made into jam. Bels. Osmitopsis asteriscoides. The aromatic leaves used medicinally as a stomachic. Papps and others erroneously spell the name “ Bellis.” | : Berg aster. Lachnaea filamentosa. (Cedar mts.). » bast. Osyris abyssinica. Leaves and bark used for tanning (Transvaal). » cypres (Sapree). Widdringtonia cupressoides. Frequent from Table Mountain to the Drakensbergen. Shrub or small tree. „ kamille. Gamolepis pectinata. Med. „ ‘klapper. Montinia caryophyllacea. The seeds rattle in the capsule. Also Tetraria secans (Riversdale). » felie. Vallota purpurea. Frequent on the Outeniqua mts., generally known as Knysna lily. » nagel. Lachenalia rubida. Also found in the Cape Flats. » Ppalmiet. Tetraria thermalis (Elim). „ pruim. Pappea capensis, also called Kaambes. A shrub of the eastern Karoo, fruit small, with a thin layer of acidulous pulp. » roos. Protea rosacea (Tulbagh). In the Bokkeveld Malvastrum bryonifolium. » tee. Geraniwm incanum. A frequent herb of grassy hills. » viool. Brachycarpaea varians. | Bessing bos. Rhus Dregeana, R. erosa, etc. Shrubs of the northern districts. Fruits numerous but small, containing just a little pulp. BETSIE — BITTER- pal Betsie. Appears to be applied (Wellington, Caledon) to several pretty shrublets, e.g., Adenandra uniflora. Beuke hout. Several species of Faurea, viz. F. saligna (Tr. Rhod.); Ff. Galpinii (Zoutpansberg); F. speciosa (No.). The Cape beech (Myrsine) is sometimes called Wit —. | Bevertjes. Briza media*. Bezem riet. In the South-West several species of Restiaceae, e.g., Cannomois Cephalotes, Elegia verticillaris, Restio triticeus, R. venustulus, Leptocarpus paniculatus, etc. Several kinds of shrubs are also used as Bezemgoed (brooms). Bies (biezen). Scirpus litoralis, S. nodosus, etc. Bies' roei. Bobartia spathacea. An iridaceous plant with rush- like leaves and yellow flowers; occupies large tracts in the coastal districts. Much employed for fruit-baskets. Bietouw (Biedouw). Several quite different plants of the order Compositae bear this name. In the coast districts it is Osteospermum moniliferum, hence the name “ Bietouw rivier ” (Knysna). This plant is poisonous (widely spread throughout the country). In Calvinia the same name is applied to a valuable stock-food, viz., Tripteris sinuata. In the Roggeveld it is 7. linearis and T. glandulosa. Another kind is Haplocarpha lyrata, and in the Sandveld of Namaqualand it appears to be a species of Dicoma. In the Eastern Prov. it is Dimorphotheca Ecklonis (other- wise known as the Van Staden’s daisy), a poisonous herb. Bij angel. Azima tetracentha. A shrub of the coastal dunes with sharp thorns (often in double pairs). Bimbri kost — Wild Grape. Bindweed (Black—). Polygonum Convolvulus*. Occasionally on lands, also Convolvulus arvensis.* Bingelkruid — Mercury. Bird of paradise flower. Strelitzia Reginae and S. augusta. Bird's brandy. Lantana salvifolia. (E.). Bitter’appel or Gift’appel. Solanum Sodomaeum. A prickly half-shrub with blue flowers and firm, yellow berries, about the size of a globular walnut. 8S. aculeastrum is much larger, and the fruit as large as an apple. Both poisonous. » bark. Bersama Tysoniana. (E.). 12 BITTER- — BLAUW- Bitter blaar. Brachylaena elliptica. An arborescent shrub (eastern). Leaves used med. (diabetes, etc.). » boela — bitter melon. » bossie. Chrysocoma tenuifolia. A small shrublet of the Karoo, etc, hardly a foot high, which now prevails in many parts formerly occupied by the Schaapbos (Pentzia). The animals do not eat it on account of its bitter taste, but the flower tops are a welcome food when herbage is scarce (Nieuwveld). In the coast districts the same name is applied to Chironia baccifera (A ambeie - bos), one of the native remedies in cases of lepra. » hout (—wortel). Yysmalobium undulatum. The stout, woody rootstock is a popular remedy in the Central dis- tricts of the Cape. A nearly allied plant, also called Bitterwortel, is Asclepias crispa. » melon. Citrullus vulgaris, var. amara. (Wild congue Frequent in the Karoo and Kalahari regions. » osse = Bittermelon (Little Karoo). Blaargift — Giftblaar. Black bark. Royena lucida. A medium-sized tree. The inner bark very dark, the timber suitable for furniture. Blackberry (Bramble). Rubus pinnatus. A very variable plant. The introduced R. fruticosus (from Eur.) is less frequent. Black-eyed Susan. Hibiscus Trionum.* Blackjack (S.A.). Bidens pilosu. Blackwood, Australian — (introd.). Acacia melanoxylon (Stink boontje). For S.A. — v. Zwarthout. Bladderwort. Utricularia stellaris, etc., with floating leaves, some other species terrestrial. Blauw bekkie. Heliophila pilosa. Annual. » blommetie (Karoo). Felicia spec. » bos. Royena pallens. Frequent in all the drier districts. „ buffel v. Grasses. » kappie. Polygala virgata. A very ornamental, profusely — flowering shrublet of the coast districts. » pruim — Jakhals pruim. „ riet — Bergviool. Often leafless when in flower. » suiker’bos. Protea neriifolia. Worcester, ete. » zaad v. Grasses. a ‚Kaffir — Gardenia Neuberia. „ wood — Kersehout. Pterocelastrus variabilis. A very showy shrub or tree when in fruit. Chestnut, Wild—. Calodendron capense. Fruit somewhat resembling the real chestnut (Custanea vesca). A fine tree of the southern forests and a glorious sight when in flower (summer). Also called Cape —. Chickweed. Stellaria media. Cosmopolitan. China flower. Adenandra uniflora. The petals as white as porcelain, often with a rosy tint. Chinese lantern. Nymania capensis. The inflated capsules, generally red. » » lily. Sandersonia aurantiaca. Eastern district. Chinkerichee. Ornithogalum thyrsoides. Also going under the name of Viooltje, and Star of Bethlehem. Herbage and flowers poisonous to stock. Christmas bells. (Na). Trichilia emetica. Otherwise known as Cape Mahogany. » — berry. (Dronkbessie). Chymococca empetroides. A shrublet of the sand hills along the sea-shore of the 20 CHRISTMAS- — CORN- South West. Berries bright scarlet, ripening in mid- summer. Said to destroy or expel flies. At Mosselbay applied to Chironia baccifera, also used for decorations on account of the bright red berries. Christmas bush. Pavetta lanceolata. (E.). Cineraria, Wild — Senecio elegans, one of the parents of the garden —. Coastal distr. Clover. Wild species are Trifolium africanum and T. Burchellianum. For cult. spec. v. part III. » » Yellow —. Listia heterophylla (called Hop-clover in South Africa). » ‚Bur — v. Bur-clover. Club-mosses. Species of Lycopodium. Coal wood. Lachnostylis capensis. A small eastern forest- tree. Cockle-bur (Burweed). Yanthium strumarium. Coco — Nutgrass. Coffee, Wild —.. Gardenia citriodora and Kraussia lanceolata. Both plants belong te the same family as the real coffee (Coffea arabica). Occasionally the seeds of the wild palm (Phoenix reclinata) are called “wild coffee,” probably on account of some resemblance to coffee beans. Sometimes the same name applied to Royena lucida. Coloquint, Wild — — Bitter melon. Concertina. Crassula perforata. (Knysna). Coral creeper. Microloma tenwifolium, etc. Coral tree. Hrythrina caffra. Flowers and seeds bright scarlet. Flowering in spring before the leaves appear. Another species with similar flowers but haf leaves is E. tomentosa (Corktree). Corktree. Hrythrina tomentosa. (Na). So named on account of the appearance of the bark. The cork of commerce is obtained from Quercus suber (Spain), an evergreen oak, which thrives well in the South West. » wood. Commiphora caryaefolia (East.).