4 heths Ms A sealed " dreey gi ew 6 ~ ° ars k the ts a Nat AW ee ae a’ oo "I - oh Oot Nios aives Kerarit tone ( K Y be te ‘ . te Ocean rie - oa ' \ r Sr Ra oeorurernrs “ hae = Le ner ean P ey ~ tant De Votan re Sat MSV Veet fot, at tga Ca Ra He Nm eg Wetorh etn obaet me Pa en ee on feta Mery, on Meee aN le Boe Ow Ment Me Gee Nera re * ‘Se td om ay 1d he Moki, i £1 I Mae oth et . - : ~ A MRT te Na tpn : “ 2 : . : VO aM - ~ < . . . . ‘ ” Man Hn 9 a Maw tn no tea tee ; Wotan a ; “ . : " Deaaeh SP Err ge r - . : - . sine PP naa se 9 . Mann We tenis sy 4 SRAM Piet pt ald tadganetiee nites Me Ren Mery itn meee nt eater stk ve anid MNS A! MMS wpe wNAR MOND! 5 » ~ he this we tht Ye tat Ba tata tty rer 3 eatin itn tan as ete 8 lp Mathpat te eae mw Mts Son Moye Ol yas : . : rn ee that AealRit SRO bs yaa Ala tes om tae : . i . Serer . mr, Me hada ste, M7 Matin Prod Mx eater vermare pee ; snes ae air htat tn rceatehe arin pes See mne : footer ‘eee te Mime vy i lan lary rire Mette Bein ‘ + te ee tee) peer nee eer re trae 2 . 5 = < Sitting Soon - ties : . eo am bat amen = iesin Sn tina tangs tere Nein 0 a Ts hte Daten Rant ont 10 Fitting 90 Spit ora Ti Keeton ett Snes HtmTia ven tay Ban eo DPN enete geten ay, PR tisn dye Way aes AG SA ete tein HT aS ee Netanya ee a nee [FROM THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ARTS, Vou. IX, MAROH, 1875, ] 19. Dimorphic Development and Alternation of Generation in the Cladocera.—Dr. G. O. Sars has discovered a remarkable di- morphism and alternation of generation in Leptodora hyalina. (Om en dimorph Udvikling samt Generationsvexel hos Leptodora, Forhandlinger Vidensk.-Selsk., Christiania, for 1873, p. 15, and plate.) The development from the ordinary summer-eges, as al ready described by E. P. Miiller, is without metamorphosis and like that of ordinary Cladocera, the young when exciuded from the egg agreeing essentially with the adult ; while, according to Sars’ observations, the young are excluded ‘from the winter-eggs in a very imperfect condition, quite unlike the known young of any other Cladocera, and pass through a marked post-embryonal metamorphosis. In the earliest observed stage of the young of this form, the body is obovate, wholly without segmentation, the compound eye wanting, while there is a simple eye between the bases of the antennulz, the swimming arms (antennee) well devel- oped, and the six pairs of legs represented only by minute pro- cesses projecting scarcely beyond the sides of the body; but the most remarkable feature is the presence of a pair of appendages tipped with cilia and nearly as long as the body, which are evi- dently homologous with the mandibular palpi of other Crusta- ceans, although these appendages have always been supposed to be wanting in the species of Cladocera. Two subsequent stages, gradually approaching the adult form, are described. ‘The adults from the winter-eggs have no vestige of the mandibular palpi left, yet the simple eye—which i is wholly absent in ordinary individuals developed from summer-eggs—is persistent, and thus marks a dis- tinct generation. Three stages of the ycung from winter- eggs are beautifully figured upon the plate accompanying the memoir. This remarkable species has, still more recently, been made the subject of a very elaborate memoir by Prof. Weismann of Frei- burg (Uber Bau und Lebenserscheinungen von Leptodora hyalina, Zeitschrift fiir wissensch. Zool., xxiv, Sept., 1874, pp. 349-418, plates 33-38), who, however, had not observed the peculiar devel- opment of the winter-eges. The occurrence of this genus in Lake Superior is noticed in this Journal, vol. vii, p. 161, 1874. 8. I. 8S. 20. Development of the European Lobster.—Dr. Sars has also recently published, in the Proceedings of the same Society for 1874, a paper of 27 pages, illustrated by two autographie plates, ‘ 2 Scientific Intelligence. on the post-embryonal development of the European lobster (Homarus vulgaris Edwards). He describes and figures in detail the three larval stages corresponding precisely with the first three stages which I have described in the American lobster.* Dr. Sars did not receive my papers until after a part of his memoir was printed, so that his investigations were wholly independent. In a short appendix Dr. Sars calls attention to the remarkable agreement in the results at which we had each arrived, and to the excellent opportunity afforded for a careful comparison of the early stages of these two closely allied species. Although the corresponding stages agree so closely in form and structure, they are from the first readily distinguishable by well marked specific differences in the form and armature of the appendages. In fact, the differences appear greater in the larval stages than in the adults. Dr. Sars was not able to trace the development beyond the third stage, which he had at first supposed could not be the last stage of the larva, but after comparison with the later stage of the American lobster he regards it as quite probably the last true larval stage. Seatens: 21. Cumacea from the West Indies and the South Atlantic ; by G. O. Sars. 30 pp. 4to, with 6 plates. (From the Svenska Veten- skaps-Akademiens Handlingar, Bandet xi; Stockholm, 1873.)— This memoir, in the same form as the one on the Cumacea of the Josephine Expedition previously noticed, contains minute descrip- tions and elaborate figures of seven species from the West Indies and from off the mouth of the La Plata. Among them there is a remarkable new genus, Stephanomma, in which there is a large central eye upon the front surrounded by a circle of smaller eyes. Sauer eS: 22. Distribution of Insects in New Hampshire ; by Samurn H. SCUDDER. 50 pp. large 8vo, with 2 maps and a plate. (From vol. i of the Final Report upon the Geology of New Hampshire ; Concord, 1874.)—Mr. Scudder first discusses the boundary between the Alleghanian and Canadian faunze in the State and then the special relations of the alpine and sub-alpine districts of the White Mountains. He makes the Canadian fauna extend to just south of the White Mountains, while the Alleghanian fauna proper occupies only the extreme southern border, the broad intermediate space about half the area of the State—being regarded as the “ com- mon meeting ground” of the two faune. These divisions and the alpine and sub-alpine districts upon the mountains are indicated by colored areas on the two maps. ‘This introductory portion is followed by lists of the Butterflies and Orthoptera of the State, with many valuable notes on the distribution of the species, and a full account of two White Mountain butterflies, Gineis semidea and Brenthis Montinus. Si tS: * This Journal, vol. iii, pp. 401-406, plate rx, June, 1872, and Transactions Connecticut Academy, vol. ii, pp. 351-381, plates x1v-xvil, August, 1873. : : : : Cerenngh eeeer Sees - ‘ : : < Se aor a aS eee ‘ amare ¢ fot it Sete SM ip opt ve 5 PR ws A se PR a, 2 i Ho 36 oi ge we py Se ee fe NE eae ge hohe tia Seite tht ie ee ee ete tree Sibptt eee be Satin kite ates be de a ek SENN ES Be ee Sen cate yt <2" WR Te Ra elie thet hth Le ean a a tae tee Be aE ee ees 8 Te eT UA NY Oe Wen eee TR ty fe ARNO ate We OR ty se BER A Wlom east i cht dea Sinhe de tilda Mili the Toe bate ith Leen. Wh tan tn Od ieee a atte a 2g eee ee RT . wey re ae ee Te Siwy ees a 9 Se ae ee hg St i Re Bre jee ine Vege wen ea ge oye 8 pw ne pe ie Et ar eeie a er a ie oe ea Tht BS WR Nw ERE SN rine tre are ie Yr NBEO ye He yg Foe ee pare yr iw ae eon! a eo NES 8 Vie ee oc rs eh te en ee Me te ay hah be pedal Rk Botan ie Si tei Sh beh a he Ee Saanich th che iat te that. Sk aoe et t ibn hdl bdr biti neha at eS 4 Ee Rr RL Oe ey x Soaks’ RUS SOTA beta te CE OPO RS focal He. ron WAR ee elidtuse+auean creanre: