sesect ate, netics cele S. geek > leietel ets $3 s? 5 oi. Sette Ss es ss *) Srtetts 5 : rote 3 20 Roe pr fete! 3th: Seri : beotetaess Neietonti eerie sre Sito strate Medisrhctetet dt 35 ue 7 a8 i Dighieae by the Internet a Ge meee. cin 2007 with is from 7. vy F * ms ~ ee SS — C/o ** ‘ * dete “ f 4 1 \ ft °° uv ‘ ~ iF eA MACMILLAN AND CO., Lonrep LONDON - BOMBAY - CALCUTTA + MADRAS _ “3 MELBOURNE Fi 4 ad = THE MACMILLAN COMPANY > NEW YORK : BOSTON: CHICAGO DALLAS: SAN FRANCISCO) THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA, LT TORONTO : CAPTAIN JAMES COOK, F.R.S. From the portrait by Nathaniel Dance, R.A., in the Gallery of Greenwich Hospital. OY eB Sse) —Weis4d THE DISCOVERY OF _ AUSTRALIA BY G. ARNOLD WOOD B.A. (MANCHESTER), M.A. (OXFORD) WITH ILLUSTRATIONS 1999 q 3, MACMILLAN AND CO. LIMITED ST. MARTIN’S STREET, LONDON 1922 TO THE ‘STUDENTS OF SYDNEY UNIVERSITY, ° 1891-1921, ESPECIALLY TO ONE OF THEM, PUBLISHERS’ NOTE AFTER this book had been printed off, a letter was received from the author to the effect that his colleague Professor: W. J. Woodhouse, of the University of Sydney, had recently ascertained that the autograph of Cook’s Fournal, and also of the Instructions and Secret Instructions issued to him, are in the possessiom of Mr. H. W. F. Bolckow, of Marton. Hall, Marton-in-Cleveland. Following Admiral Wharton. and other previous writers, Professor Wood has in the present volume referred to these documents as being no longer extant, and has used. what is known as the Corner copy of the Fournal (now im Sydney), which has hitherto. been regarded as the best authority, and is believed to be an exact copy of the original. It is unfortunate that this information reached Professor Wood too late to be made use of in his book, though it is. not likely that his narrative of The Discovery of Australia would be materially affected by the documents in question.. June, 1922. + ro ok ah aie LS es » Sta £2) a ee, a hits ct eS “ees = eeltrras a pe SP 6 Osi wate ee eae * » id s : ‘ i sie < s , Ae at a a AY poke ae Mate JP 55-9 23 ee Vode + whet Ph Sass Epi epiris - risk Hie . a r ‘ ss tera BA i oy = vse 2. ae = usa | every SR | aR setae Pe ae -!o, re hepe ye 2'tvn © 34's b = eee 1 - o =~ - o pers a ’ be Ee tad al ie es i Papi 8 Sn ‘ ce a PREFACE — Tue lectures, which make this book, were given to a class ee ath Sydney University in 1917. The quality of lectures given in an Australian University is determined by the mind of the students only less than by the mind of the lecturer; and with pleasure I take this opportunity to thank the generations of students, who, for thirty years, have not only made lecturing a happiness, but have also, by kindly appreciation of good intention, well salted with honest witness to evident failure, given reason to do one’s _ best. | Chapters. I. and VI. were given as lectures to the Royal - Australian Historical Society, and are printed in its Journal, Vol. III. Part 10, and Vol. IV. Part 4. In preparation of the lectures, my chief debt was to the _ Mitchell Library. Mr. David Mitchell of Sydney was a gentleman of wealth and of culture, who devoted a large part of his life to the collection of a Library of the Literature of Australian History. This Library he gave to the State of New South Wales, together with an endowment that enables the Committee to purchase historical material of the highest value. it is a marvellous collection of precious things ; and in it the student of Australian History works in an atmosphere of enervating luxury. I cannot suff- ciently express my gratitude to the Mitchell Librarian, Mr. Hugh Wright, and to his Assistant Librarians, for the infinite courtesy with which they have helped my work. ix x PREFACE I am especially indebted to Mr. Wright for help in the study of Banks’s Journal, the treasure of the Mitchell. In spite of the excellence of the Mitchell Library there are some historical materials which cannot be used in Sydney. I have tried to indicate the parts of the dis- cussion in which, for this reason, my equipment is imperfect, and I have had to take facts from the books of modern writers. ' Of these books, that which, perhaps, was most useful to me was Rainaud’s Le Continent Austral. I have con- tinually had at hand the fascinating and most helpful volumes of Fiske’s Discovery of America. Mr. Major’s Introduction to the Early Voyages to Australia was of great service. I wish to express my special obligation to Mr. George Collingridge, whose Discovery of Australia first made the subject of interest to me, and whose maps especially — are very useful. Though I differ in opinion from Mr. Collingridge in respect to the interpretation of the early maps, I am aware that his study of these maps, and especi- ally of the Portuguese-French maps, has been more minute than mine; and I hope we may agree that, groping in a fog, we are both guessers. It has been a peculiar pleasure to plunder the admirable volumes of my old friend Professor Beazley on the Dawn of Modern Geography; a pleasure mingled with fear that I have not got from them all that I ought to have got. In telling the Spanish story, I have used the translations in the admirable editions published by the Hakluyt Society. In the Dutch part, the English student must be mainly dependent on the help of Mr. Heeres. In the discussion of Cook, Admiral Wharton and Mr. Kitson have had the use of material which cannot be used in Sydney. In the chapter on the ‘““ Successors of Cook,” I have continually used the books of Professor Scott of Melbourne, who has kindly read my chapter. PREFACE xi My thanks are due to Professor Todd and Professor Woodhouse who gave kindly help in my slight sketch of the ‘“‘ ancient conception’’; and to Professor David and Professor Cotton who gave me the modern geological criticism of the argument, so much used in our story, that — there must be a great continentin theSouth. Dr. Frederick Watson has most kindly corrected the dates in the chapters which tell the story of Cook’s First Voyage. And most hearty are my thanks to my sister-in-law, Miss Laura Whitfeld, who, with incredible insight and industry, translated impossible hand-writing into alluring type, and made me hope that the lectures might become a useful book. G. A. WOOD. UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY, December, 1921. CONTENTS R x ~ 2 PAGE eT ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL CONCEPTIONS OF THE LAND _ OF THE SOUTH ag ra - elle ~ I II. Tue Inpian OcEAN IN THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY - 20 ur. THE Successors OF Marco Polo - - : . 47 _\V. THE PorRTUGUESE AND THE SPANIARDS IN THE INDIAN OcEAN - - - - - - - - 61 s _ > af et. VIL. Was AUSTRALIA KNOWN IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY he 82 * “ “7 vu. Tue DiscovERY OF THE SOLOMONS - - - +" “130 - 140 - 154 =) 592 - 198 - 205 5 3220 xy. TasMAN’s VOYAGE OF 1642 - - . - - 253 xv. ‘TasMaN’ 's VOYAGE OF 1644 - - - - =. 285 I. THe ENDING oF THE DutcH ParRT - - - - 2098 . DAMPIER Oboe - - - - - - nla 305 ul. Marco Poto~ - - . - . - - Sues 31 XXIII. Tue DIscovERY OF EASTERN Au XXIV. THE Exp OF Temes Austrazis Vs t a J ne 3 thats a A ~ t \, « t y 2 =e i ; 7 " - . = ~ 94 : =. XXV. THE SuccEssors oF Cook - ms . Tae Vovace oF THE Endeavour ‘ Invik