DEO io ANS ar I et DAMOS DISPOSAL AREA MONITORING SYSTEM ANNUAL DATA REPORT - 1978 SUPPLEMENT F NEW LONDON DISPOSAL SITE Naval Underwater Systems Center Newport, Rhode Islang WHO] DOCUMENT \ COLLECTION New England Division Corps of Engineers Waltham, Massachusetts May 1979 HUAN MBL/WHOI AN O 0301 0038442 7? DAMOS DISPOSAL AREA MONITORING SYSTEM ANNUAL DATA REPORT - 1978 SUPPLEMENT F SITE REPORT - NEW LONDON Naval Underwater Systems Center Newport, Rhode Island New England Division Corps of Engineers Waltham, Massachusetts May 1979 T9114 | L ott ofl She a | voyouy ol? cS B ©19°9 ? a ae punos al AE pueyey Tr. a desasy -W403 weaen Buc A jeey MON UjeZSeeH dryeqy6r4 ucyz6e0g puncag [ned usze0g eyleoys eft IC SNOILVIO1 3LIS W4LSAS SNIYOLINONW sueraey VauVv TVSOdSId WV 0 oe Ne DISPOSAL AREA MONITORING SYSTEM This is one of a series of site specific data reports resulting from the DAMOS program, now two years in progress. DAMOS is the culmination of nearly a decade of prior study efforts, actually preceding NEPA, which have been directed towards the understanding of the effects of and the responsible management of the ocean disposal of dredged materials in New England waters as they fall under the authority ot the New England Division of the Corps of Engineers. The individual site reports hence- forth will be updated approximately on an annual bases as additional knowledge is gained, at least with respect to those sites where signifi- cant disposal activities will have occurred. NEW LONDON DISPOSAL SITE The New London Disposal Site (Fig. F-1) has been the most active disposal site in New England during the past several years. A major dredging project in the Thames River, sponsored by the U.S, Navy, has resulted in the disposal. and subsequent monitoring of large quantities of spoils at this site., Al though the first two years of monitoring effort were sponsored by the Navy, .a summary. -. of data is included here as subsequent studies will be conducted under the. DAMOS. program. The site is located south of the Thames River and west of Fishers Island Sound in 20-24 meters of water. Sediments in the area are generally fine sand providing a good acoustic reflection. In the northern portion of the disposal . site a "relict" disposal pile is present, formed from previous but: unknown dredging operations. Bathymetry Navigation control for bathymetric surveys in the New London area is provided by shore stations at the New London Lighthouse and at Millstone Point. The navigation grid in this area has been used extensively during the past four years and has proven to be extremely stable and reliable. Bathymetric surveys of the New London disposal site have been made almost semi-annually since 1974 in an effort to monitor the development and aerial extent of the spoil mound. Following the end of Phase I dredging a survey was made on March 10, 1977 (Fig. F-2) prior to dredging or disposal of Phase II spoils. Consequently, this survey provides a baseline description of conditions existing at the site as a result of the Phase I dredging project. The spoil pile was an elliptical SEAFLOWER eit N. DUMPLING @® WS ee, Ss. pune Xe ° SARTLETT REEF ews La) NIE IN LITTLE SULLQ!. @ BSREAT BULL YP Yo E ane yoga ; ae eA: cle INGE OAT SM Bes 7 SUS eS ¢ eS OO (7 GNUEING (Fi FEE a Pg mound oriented slightly from northwest to southeast. The minimum depth in the northwest was 20 meters and in the southeast 18.5 meters. Because the first spoils to be dredged under the Phase II program were to be of the worst quality from the dock areaS, it waS decided to dispose of them just northeast of the southern portion of the mound, so that they would be covered by cleaner spoils. In order to accomplish this, a second buoy was positioned at the suggested disposal point. The second survey (Fig. F-3) on September 12, 1977, indicated that this technique had been successful. There was a distinctive build-up of the mound northeast of 41°16'N, 7294.8'W, the center of the southeast portion of the Original mound. This build-up extended east to 7294.6'W and north to 41916.1'N. However, because of the concentrated disposal effort that began in June, 1977 the top of the mound had reached a minimum depth of 14 meters by September. Although this adequately covered the poor quality spoils, the minimum depth is above a safe limit relative to effects of wave action. Consequently, NUSC initiated movement of the disposal point northward and scheduled an additional survey on October 26, 1977, to saeBteh GARE the effects of this action. The resulting survey (Fig. F-4) indicated a corresponding northward shift of the spoil boundary in the affected area close to 1692'N. The minimum depth increased to 16 meters, probably due to a combination of compaction and winnow- ing at the shallower depths. Following the October survey dumping continued at the new disposal point until a fourth survey was made on March 8, 1978 (Fig. F-5(a-k)). This was the first New London Survey to make use of the updated BDAS system. Although the rate of disposal was less during this pericd, the build-up at the designated point was readily apparent. 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MSE! 442! 03501 BO6 BSL 4a9 BSH OBE asl Qa a |) SS NP ae a ee ee ee aE a ne ae ee RG SS eee az— Sil- ineed Se U NB Y CW) X a1- See eel Bald 4mS1 MSE | OAc 1 03501 OO6 As Oa9 @Sh BOE asi "4 i [foe ere for —4 SS H - —__f -————_ —_4 —_ SS Ss === a ree B2z- Sl x3S | ' NOILYYS9OSYXS WO! LYSAA Bi-— W OS +: DHWANYSLNISNHT BL6| “HDHNHW VQ NOQGNOWT MSAN 82 3NY7 CW) xX Hoe! OSS! BOS! BSE! gaaz! aosel O26 454 285 OSH 2oBE~ asi a —-- -4-—_———_——_4 ———4 ——- 42 3Nuq CHD Xx ie 288! OSS! Gast OSE! gwezi aso ma6 ASL aag BSh aoe as! a nt = ge eS a ee 92 SNH Bi- (402721 4s91 Bas! BSE) Baz | Bs! 48065 BSL Hag @Sh ABE as! a Be Aas = Si SS a Se ao Ss Se Be-— : : SS Se cahltad CW) X aI Pew IMs} Sats) |] Bas! Q@SE! Haz! Bsa! O06 Bst was @Sh BBE OS! B SN XS! +: NO'ILEYYS9SYHXS TWDILYNSA W4aS :' TYAMNALN!I ANHD BL6!| “HDYHW YG NOOGNOWT MAN a fairly large lobe of sediment in the northeast corner. In general, the top of the spoil mound was not as flat as it appeared in past surveys, and the entire pile seemed more conical than before. The minimum depth had increased to 15.5 to 16 meters over most of the pile. As a result of this survey another change in the position of the disposal point was initiated that moved the site southward. Disposal at this new posi- tion continued until completion of. the dredging operation in June, 1978. A post disposal survey was then made on August 1, 1978 (Fig. F-6(a-k)) that showed the final mound had a general elliptical shape with a major axis from northwest to southeast. The minimum depth of 16 meters found in the October, 1977 survey has remained stable throughout this periade The BDAS system provides excellent precision in surveying and analysis of bathymetric data. This is shown in Figure F-7 where a series of transects are superimposed to evaluate changes in bottom topography. From these data, it is apparent that no major changes in topography are occurring at the New London site and even minor topographic features can be reproduced over a period of several months. Although no major changes in topography have occurred at New London, there is evidence for change in the character of spoils following disposal. A cross- section across the spoil pile that was taken from east to west during the oetater 1977 survey is shown in Figure F-8. This profile was obtained using a Raytheon Dual Frequency Fathometer System that is used in conjunction with the EDO 4034-A. The lower frequency (7 kHz) allows penetration of the sediment for sub-bottom profiling while the higher frequency (200 kHz) provides an accurate measure of the sediment-water interface. ry hy a0 Be) CW) X ieee (OAS) (14S 1 OSE! 4821 Os! AH6 O52 Oa9 OSH OBE Os! a Se ee ee ee ea = tO a peed a Paes € aoe AS Sie = sa CW) 54 ae CSE OBS! fat. ! O07 1 Os! 406 OSL 0093 OSH OBE Os! 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NGGNOW MAN ea are SZ- pz “Sis B94 ‘ CW) X HOS! MSE | 442 | asa! M46 asz2z 4409 a ree o — 4+ —+ CW) OWS! WSE |} Oa- | Zt see a re CW) Kegs ERS UA? | Oso! 206 Be igs MSL ———_ 4 sss O19 CW) x oes) U BES “ac | OS! 0O6 (ay) /L 19 = ea} fp +. ——- j— - ——— US (as) 2 lel ISIN 33 I NIB} o Lois SalSye}o ss) Tah O24 NOdGN (7 fee SANYWd CW) X ragyes —Sat Oos! OSE) aoez2! Oso! DO6 Bsz2 a2a9 Sa a ee Se a eT -— » i& Sit CW) X LPM) § Oso Hs 1 MSt | OoO7 1 Oso! 406 Ost 4409 BSH OBOE O31) [4] ) soda « a eS ee Sa ee "Pye CW) x 2s al SD PASE) Glee) lS) 206 as/ no9 “Sh ABE ee en pea ee, AA i} ip — Was Sire CW) XxX oe at os HES 9 iS 1 Ost) OMdZ! Oso) 006 MSc omg O3Sh MBE OS! a SS aes eer == ———™ OS =: TEASALN N! SNL SS! ¢ NOIMLHNS9ISYNSA GHDILYAA B82 Nw ! NGOGNOW MAN cit nthe CH) xX Cio) Sl PAS! MSE! oozt asa 2oO6 as/. nag QS BOE 4 - -f ---- ee ——_—+—_ —___§__1——__ —_}+—_ es Se ee ere Sth anv Shod CW) XxX Seok ISM) GSO MSh0 miki 0 eisai 206 OS/. nog QS BOE ye eee oe — —_— =< ~ en ee tli f WS 8 GIS 1 Bille s Sele DU6 OS 009 OSh ODE Ss! . tp +— — -——+——- -—_4-- Pa ae C a We. Ge eee CW) K Soe Siieon} )r<4ll el )o\[-) O06 232 Hug ASH MOE ; es ae a ioe oo aeeeg peat eet en wa OO a Sie Sees SS Dez - St- BI - WO THe aLNI JNU Ss NDI 262! 3I99N49 WD) LeaA (B/E URINE) ! htGNO” MAN v7 = 4 saute ball CW) ZX as 8 PAS! OSE! oBaz| asl Bo6 OSL ang Sh DOE Bs! a (le ee See az— S [ce Bi- W OS = THAMALNI @NUT Si ¢NOlLEHNA99UXS WWD! LYAA AL YN | NOCNO 1 MAN a Ln SK HLAS 5 oe aS 15H LT = A SLIT. SS LRLLLEE SS SEO LS2 S250), SS SEL OR. < y SESS SoS. S SOS SLRS LS J ee Sas a z SLOG LS o, / © | Z SL26 g \ MI ERD LOOSE KO) VANS. | C SESS Soe NA IES | | BREESE 18 fT 2 RELISTS SS FL) OL IL | LE ess Sl SA fi Li SORE | SESS : x WEAN fb fe Soe ! KS SOS Se wien aS : a ; A i < ens Lo TY AG) ae SOT OO x es ESSN SLY Ly) CTO K IM RL Ky poe ‘y 5X SX OSs ro WA) ek KE 95¢ Sh 3) GONE MaEA Ye F-2 seanm eee Tome en San a E men Ae OS wpe tt ales bane sagt 4 Rial a oe 5 0 aaa OR ee oh mene 2 > otra gape SEYLER IMT Pop POI R RENE PTY «SRR = ' poate mma con FF mcm mTOR PAT TOLMAN ome 8m FP APE ERT SPYA PIO AFPO OUT: POPSET es STH PAP es PR TMTPAITRTA YeP(eTSPREPA A! eM The profile shows a clear distinction between the flat-topped, transparent older Phase I pile and the rough, translucent Phase II pile. Future consolida- tion and setting of the Phase II pile may result in a similar profile to the older pile in the future. Currents Cne set of current meter data for the New London disposal site is presented in Table F-1 and Figure F-9 (a-c). These data are similar to records previously obtained at this site, as they are dominated by an east-west tidal flow that results in a net drift to the east. An interesting feature resulting from the use of motion ellipses for analy- sis is the fact that major tidal flow is in a northwest southeast direction althoug the net drift is nearly due east. This condition further emphasizes the need to look at shorter time intervals to evaluate the effect of currents on the stability of dredge spoil. If net drift were the only criteria used to predict where effects of spoiling might be present, then one would be looking in the wrong location since all transport would be along the axis of motions. The New London Site is one of the most active sites in terms of water move- ment. The horizontal kinetic energy of 333 dynes/sec is made up of 80% tidal energy and is therefore continuous and predictable. This is evidenced by the fact that the highest 10% speed of 44 cm/sec is only slightly higher than the peak tidal speed of 42 cm/sec. H TABLE F-1 a ee SS Total OBS. Tidal Cur-| Residual Mean rent Inc. Current Mean Current | Current Semi -major axis (cm/sec) Semi-minor axis (cm/sec) 168 7.50 8.85 “ Direction | (OT) | 058 | 060 074 zs energy ihe 333.30 263.10 89 .46 19.30 | Lo? gees speeds | (cm/sec ) | | | | Peak speed (cm/sec) 4] .59 z Average maximum speed (cm/sec) - 32 .44 23.2 21.68 : | | Sediments Heavy metal analyes of sediments from the area of the New London disposal site are presented in Table F-2. Those samples in the closest Proximity of the dump site are generally quite different from all the other New London samples. The samples over one half mile from active dumping show no enrichment of metal and are among the cleanest in the whole region, comparing well with Brenton Reef and Cornfield Shoals. 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B°e Ore dds S Eas OT 7°9 c°9 Sal €°6 7°C 9°€ T’€ OS S-{5 9°9 €°9 c9 €°6 8°47 wee €°T eT 6°¢ 6°T So" 8°0 GPG Siac 8°T 8Z6L LLOT LL61 adv dS av SGITOS ATILVIOA 7% 8161 tequejdes pue g/6T yore, *//61T taqueardes ‘7/61 YyoueK dds Wdd 8L ST a 2 tA be iP) @ [Y Ee Len) dH i?) [?) > > ie-) oo [ [= re ies] 6T LLOT LLO1 av dis advh OL * *ASVANd/T10 € SUOTIEIS 393TS dung uopuoyT mey SGII0S ATLILVIOA CNV GSVAYD/TIO “SINAWIGHS ADVAYNS Res el slileNat Tequny uot3eIs Benthic Biochemistry | The study of Mytilus edulis at the New London site is an ongoing program sponsored by the Navy that has been reported elsewhere. An example of the results of this study is presented in Figure F-10. The data for Nickel were derived from Mytilus edulis monitoring stations at New London disposal site. During the predisposal period (March to August, 1977), the ratios of Ni were all within the 95% confidence limits of the baseline data, which are delineated by a set of broken lines. Elevated ratios (up on 12 times of the baseline data) coincided with periods of heightened disposal activities from September 1977 to February 1978. As the disposal activity subsided in March 1978, the ratios (except DI) quickly returned to within the 95% confidence limits. The observed rise and fall of the ratios which correleated with the dumping activity were also apparent in mussels from the reference area (North Dumping) which is located two miles east of the disposal area. However, the magnitude of the rise is much less than those stations located on or near the dumping area, attesting that M. edulis is a sensitive environmental monitor. - Future work at New London will be sponsored by the DAMOS program and should provide continuous data over long time periods. Benthic Macrofauna Although there have been extensive studies of benthic macrofauna conducted under the Navy monitoring program at the New London disposal site, a more general approach has been taken for the DAMOS program that is similar to sampling tech- niques used at other sites. Thus, a station on the disposal site and a reference station are compared. The peswiles of the numeric density data are presented in Tables F-3 and F-4. These stations are quite different in that the reference station has higher diversity, (H) and more total number of anadvdials although the disposal site station had a predominance of A. vadorum. 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Q wnjeTjuT ewSerqtpTeos *y Eo LE L°8 € 9° €€-0 EGU Uleala €°9 6T 6T O G SfWAOFLUSA eTTTwWejog “¢ 7° 8Z EON Z 7° L0-U 0°6 T'8 Gul (aC Or 9) 0 BJeAOAAT eTOTouy, °*Z Casi €°8T T 1° 6C-U Ze c°9 C°Sr Ov OG Gil fl SeddtisTu s0uIN “‘T TVLOL dO % TIWLOL ANVU NVAW dO NOISYAdSIG NOLLVIASG NVAN IVLOL €#. ZH Ti Salads TAWA 40 % OIYSWON SLIWIT ‘4NOD 40 ‘dd500 CdaVUNVLS YEdWNN azoqTUG INVNIWOGHud LNAOWdd S6 SLol TlddV ZT - dLIS dwid NOGNOT MAN VIVG ALISNHY@ OLYSHNN 40 4TXVL - SOHLNAd SOWVG €-d ATUVE TOS = NOILVLS SIHL STVOGIAIGNI 4O °ON TVLOL ST°O 6TL°0 €8°O 47S°0 (,f) ALITIGVLINO” 0Ss°0 679°Z OO (S22 ONNS LO)? (,H) ALISUSAIG Sa1Oaas 7°€S-0°92 GeG L°6€ GL v7 OY IAWNO INKOUdd S6 VIVG ALISNGG OLYHWAN FO WIEVL -— SOHLNAd SOWVG Y-d aldo y dulis xX North Dumpling Mytilus edu ® Di o Dil Ni A Dill 12 10 A 8 Oo Oo @ 6 x x g 8 m9 va oe ®@ fe) 4 eS SS ee ee ee es ee 2 be I CO) Kate ty ax | 2 x x ; ; O ED Se 2 Cu @ : ne te 3 4 6 8 10) Sl2eeeoe | | 4 "27 78 Figure 10. Temporal variation in the ratios of heavy metals in Mytilus edulis from New London. monitoring sites: DI, DII and DIII, as wel? as North Dumpling, a reference site. Broken lines represent the 95% confidence limits of the baseline data. Fisheries This program is in the preliminary stages and results presented here are subject to expansion and more detail. Lobsters. Pr. L. Stewart of the Conn. Marine Advisory Service has studied lobster distribution at the New London site by examining six locations (at the: corners and center of the dumping area and at the dumping buoy) and counting lobsters seen in % hour. He concluded:that lobster density was a third of that found in productive lobster grounds in the general area and that the monotonous sandy bottom was poor lobster habitat. The seasonal pattern of the lobster fishery in this area varies with the size of vessels. Smaller boats may begin fishing very close to shore in April and work their way out to the Race and Plum Island by August. Larger boats will move from: ledges along the Connecticut shore to deeper parts of the western Sound by June and into Block Island Sound by the end of summer. Lobsters are Caught within hte Thames esturay in the spring. Waters around Fishers Island are reserved for residents. The greatest concentration of pots is in the Race where migrating lobsters are caught. At any one time, commercial lobstermen will occupy a continuous area, frequently following a topographic feature. In the dump site area 2-3 pot trauls are usually used. A fisherman who had pots just south of the disposal site in June, 1978, reported that fishing at the site was very good during its use for disposal of organic waste by a pharmacentical manufacturer, but had dropped off when Navy dredging began. Finfish, The area inshore of the disposal site is used by a small number of draggers during the summer. The catch is predominant by winter and summer flounder although some scup is also caught. A total of 10 boats may fish in this area at one time or another, but only one or two are regular users, the others are lobster boats which occasionally drag. Fishable ground is shown in Fig. F-11. One fisherman reported that he formerly crossed the old dump site, but stopped after catching construction stone in'his net. Blueback herring are caught in this area in the fall when they are present in the region (not 1977, 1978). The most important sport fishing areas are near the Race. The target species (blue fish and stripped bass) are Probably little effected by spoil disposal since they normally enter turbid estuaries. The rocky extension of Seaflower Reef is a site of tautog fishing. Some bottom fishing for flounders is carried out a mile N.W. of the dump site by Party boats. 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