433 THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESENTED BY PROF. CHARLES A. KOFOID AND MRS. PRUDENCE W. KOFOID Bull- dog. arles's Dog. Springer. THE DOG-FANCIER'S ft GUIDE: PLAIN INSTRUCTIONS FOR BREEDING AND MANAGING THE SEVERAL VARIETIES OF FIELD, SPORTING, AND FANCY DOGS: WITH THE MOST APPROVED METHOD OF DISTINGUISHING AND TREATING THE VARIOUS DISEASES TO WHICH THEY ARE SUBJECT. DEAN & Co. THREADNEEDLE. STREET. THE DOG. English Setter. THE Dog has, in all ages and in all countries, been esteemed as the peculiar friend and companion of man: faithful to its trust, sincere in its attachments, and docile and affectionate in its intercourse with its master and the members of his family, this animal has indeed a superior claim to this title, which, by general consent, has been awarded to the species generally. Few animals of the same family differ so essen- tially from each other in size and appearance as the several varieties of the dog tribe: the wolf, the fox, and the jackal, are all included as belonging to the same class of animals, and are all termed the canine species ; yet while the wolf, the fox, and the jackal, each present and retain their own peculiar similarity of shape and character, the dog itself has branched out into an almost innumerable variety, many of them marked with as much peculiarity of character, and dissimilarity of appearance, as if they were ani- mals of a distinct and separate species. The mastiff, the bull-dog, the greyhound, the harrier, and the B 6 DOGS. diminutive breeds of the spaniel, all possess the dis- tinctive and peculiar organic formation which consti- tutes and defines the dog; yet they are as unlike each other in size, shape, and peculiar characteris- tics, as are animals of a distinct race. For courage, docility, and perfection of brood, the British race of dogs are most highly prized, and foreign nations generally fully acknowledge and ap- preciate this. — Hence a perfect-bred dog is con- sidered as a valuable present, and estimated accord- ingly. In a wild state, dogs live in hordes, and seek their prey like other untamed animals, except that they always hunt in packs, and thus run down their prey; but brought into connexion with human society, the very nature of the dog seems changed, he forfeits his liberty without regret, and seems most happy when belonging to a master to whom he can be faithful as a friend, servant, or companion. In domestication, his ambition seems to be, the desire to please; to offer his force, his courage, and all his useful talents, at the service of his master, seems to give him peculiar gratification; he waits his orders, to which he pays implicit obedience: he consults his looks, and a single glance is sufficient to put him in motion: he is faithful and constant, friendly with- out interest, and grateful for the slightest favours: more mindful of benefits received than injuries offered, he is not driven off by unkindness: he still continues submissive; and even licks the hand just lifted to strike him, and disarms resentment by sub- missive perseverence. Buffon, the celebrated naturalist, thu writes of the dog: " More docile than man, more obedient DOGS. 7 than any other animal, he is not only instructed in a short time, but he also conforms to the dispositions and manners of those who command him. He takes his tone from the house he inhabits: like the rest of the domestics, he is disdainful among the great, and churlish among clowns. He knows a beggar by his clothes, by his voice, or his gestures, and forbids his approach. When, at night, the protection of the house is committed to his care, he seems proud of the charge; he continues a watchful sentinel; he goes his rounds, scents strangers at a distance, and gives them a warning of his being upon duty. If they attempt to break in upon his territories, he becomes more fierce, flies at them, threatens, fights, and either conquers alone, or alarms those who have most interest in coming to his assistance; however, when he has conquered, he quietly reposes upon his spoil, and abstains from abusing — thus giving at once a lesson of courage, temperance, and fidelity." The best dogs have flat nostrils, yet round, solid, and blunt. Their teeth are like saws, and change in or about the fourth month of their age. White, smooth, and sharp-pointed teeth denote youth in dogs; after a time, the teeth become yellow spotted, and their points wear an uneven and jagged appear- ence; blackish or dusky-coloured teeth are indicative of more advanced age. Dogs may be suffered to breed when a twelve- month old. The female goes with young about nine weeks, a.nd produces from three to six at a litter, at first; and afterwards a greater number. The young pups are born blind, and do not obtain their sight till after ten or twelve days; and after about two months, their faculties begin to develope themselves. At twenty months, or two years, dogs arrive at their full vigour. O DOGS. The males continue to propagate till advanced age impair their faculties; while the female discon- tinues having young ones at about the age of eight or nine years; she is in heat usually twice a year, for a period of ten to fifteen days, during which time she will, unless restrained, admit a variety of males, having, apparently, but little choice or preference; it is therefore essential to keep a watch over her when in heat, or her progeny will be a mongrel race, without any pretension to perfection either of breed or quality. Dogs usually live about fourteen or fifteen years; they have been known to attain the age of twenty years. In their advanced age, dogs frequently suffer greatly from decay, and various diseases, and are extremely subject to rheumatism, from their exposure to rain and damp. Dogs are naturally carnivorous, that is, they subsist on flesh; but in a state of domestication, they will also partake of farinaceous food. — Instinct points out to the dog a particular sort of grass, as the bearded wheat grass, and the rough cock's foot grass, as a vomit, when oppressed by sickness, to which he always has recourse when either is within reach. — He takes his drink by lapping it up with his long flexible tongue. The dog does not sensibly perspire by the skin; the superfluous moisture of the body escapes at the mouth by panting, when heated, and by tl*e extra- ordinary diuretic habits of the animal. It is a singular fact that a dog will rarely pass a stone or a wall against which another dog has watered, without following his example; and the rapid secretion of urine which enables him to repeat this many times, DOGS. 9 is truly wonderful. The sense of smell differs in different varieties, but in all is sufficiently strong and refined to enable the dog to seek out and follow his master even among a crowd. His sense of hearing is also quick. He expresses anger by growl- ing or barking; and shows delight by wagging his tail. The preceding observations are applicable to dogs generally. — We now proceed to describe the several species and to point out their chief characteristics; premising, that in our arrangement we follow the popular rather the scientific mode of distinguishing the several varieties. FIELD DOGS. The Greyhound, in its several varieties, stands prominently forward among the field dogs: they hunt in packs or singly, principally by the eye, though sometimes by the scent; while others of the same race, hunt singly, and always by the eye. The Greyhound. THE GREYHOUND. — Of this gracefully-formed animal there are several varieties, each differing in 10 DOGS. some particular degree, but all preserving the same delicate formation peculiar to the species, and taking their distinctive name from the countries in which they are bred. The GREYHOUND, the dog most used in coursing the hare, is the swiftest of the dog kind: this is the natural consequence of his peculiar conformation. His head is long, tapered, and shaped like that of a snake; his neck long and slender; his ears erect and pricked, but slightly pendulous at the tips; the tail fine, pointed, and the hair on it very short; the chest wide and deep; with strong loins, and large and prominent hip-muscles. The IRISH GREYHOUND is the noblest of the race. In shape he bears-*, strong resemblance to the com- mon greyhound, but is much taller, and stronger. In early times his use was to hunt the wolves and wild boars, which abounded in Ireland. The hair is short and smooth, and the colour fawn or pale cin- namon. The ordinary height of the Irish grey- hound is three to four feet. The SCOTTISH GREYHOUND either hunts in packs or singly, and is an animal of great size and strength, and very swift of foot. His head is long, and nose sharp; his ears short, and rather pendulous at the tips; his eyes brilliant, penetrating, and half con- cealed by the curled hairs which cover his face and body. He is remarkable for the depth of his chest; his back is slightly arched; his hind quarters are powerfully formed, and his limbs strong and straight. These qualities particularly fit him for long endur- ance in the chase. His colour is usually a reddish sand-colour, mixed with white; his tail is long and DOGS. 11 shaggy, which he carries high, like the Staghound* although not so erect. This dog was used by the Scottish Highland chieftains in their great -hunting parties. The ITALIAN GREYHOUND is a ladies' dog; it is a miniature of the common greyhound, being only about half the size of that dog. Its very fine skin is of a silky texture, and it is so tender as to be easily injured by cold or wet. It is valued only as a pet, being useless in other respects. THE hounds which hunt in packs, and principally by the scent, include the terriers, the bloodhound, the stag-hound, the fox-hound, the harrier, and beagle. English Terrier. TERRIER, — This dog has a most acute smell, and is particularly serviceable in fox and badger hunting. The rough terrier is short-legged, long backed, very strong, and usually of a dark or yel- lowish colour mixed with white. — Another variety is smooth and sleek, having a shorter body and more sprightly appearance. The Terrier is possessed of great courage, and is a most determined enemy to all vermin. It is a very useful auxiliary to a pack of hounds, getting into the earth when the fox has taken to his hole, and forcing him out. 12 DOGS. THE BLOODHOUND is the largest of the kind, and most ferocious of the dog tribe; it is most valued for the keenness of its scent and its determined perseverance: In colour, they are usually of a brown or red tint, or those tints mixed, and sometimes even white or black spots or patches show them- selves on their skin. — Their peculiar characteristic is, that being urged on to follow the foot-scent of the object of which they are put in pursuit, they will follow with an untiring perseverance, and rarely fail to come up with and capture the object. They are not often used now, except upon particular occasions, as their ferocity renders more care and control necessary than with any other description of hound. The Stag-hound. THE STAGHOTJND, like the Bloodhound, is prinqj^ pally celebrated for its exquisite sense of smelling, and will often follow and distinguish the scent long after the lighter beagles have given it up; — the body of this dog is long, its chest deep, and its ears of great length; it is the largest of the British dogs of chase; and has a noble and peculiarly dignified appearance: possessing great sagacity and endurance in the chase; it is estimated as a useful and valuable member of the pack. DOGS. 13 The Fox- Hound. THE Fox-HouND. — The head is smaller in pro- portion to his body, than that of the stag-hound, although it has a larger muzzle: the ears also are large and pendulous, but not so much so as either of the preceding hounds. — It is a most determined enemy of the fox, and an active, useful dog. The Harrier. THE HARRIER. — This hound also hunts by scent, and has an excellent nose. It is most useful in the pursuit of the hare, being too light and delicate for the more protracted chace of the fox or the deer; they are, however, sometimes seen with the pack, and instances have known of their evincing great powers of untiring perseverance in the chace of deer. c 14 DOGS. THE i BEAGLE also possesses the same sense of smelling in a very acute degree, and is very useful as a light, active hound, in the pursuit of the hare. It is the smallest dog used in the chace, but capable of great exertion and perseverance. Beside the preceding field dogs, which may be properly denominated hounds, there are several other varieties much esteemed by the sportsman : of these, the Pointers and the Setter require to be noticed as most useful auxiliaries in the sports of the field, their prominent bent being to chase and point birds by the scent. Thus while the Terrier, the Stag-hound, and the Fox-hound may be considered most suitable for the chace; the Pointer and the Setter are esteemed as the more appropriate companion of the sportsman in pursuit of game. The Sjtunish Pointer. THE SPANISH POINTER is particularly useful to the sportsman, being one of the staunchest dogs adapted to his use, and is remarkable for the apti- tude with which he watches and anticipates the very wishes of his master. Crossed with the fox-hound, the produce is an equally useful but more rapid dog, known as the English Pointer. DOGS. 15 The English Pointer. THE ENGLISH POINTER. This dog is principally employed for finding of partridges, pheasants, &c. — and is very docile and obedient. — It differs in size, and somewhat in colour; and is valued for its utility and sagacity, as well as for the beauty and sym- metry of its appearance. An improvement in this dog is obtained by crossing it with the harrier. English Setter. THE SETTER is, as its name imports, a sports- mans' companion: they are steady serviceable dogs in the field, but are not so rapid in their movements as the English Pointer. THE SPRINGER is a small but nimble dog, some- what like the Setter in make, but shorter in the body and legs : its ears are very long and pendulous, and its hair long and shaggy. It is found useful in woodcock and snipe shooting. 16 DOGS. WATER DOGS. MOST of these dogs might with propriety have been included under the head of Field Dogs; but as they have the peculiar property of readily taking to the water, particularly when in pursuit of game, we give them a distinct place. — The dogs which will come under notice in this division, are — the Water- spaniel, the Newfoundland dog, and the rough Water-dog. There are several other varieties, as the Esquimaux dog, the Siberian dog, and others; but as they are not made any use of in this kingdom, we refrain from any further notice of them. ••S&r ^ The Water Spaniel. THE WATER SPANIEL. — This dog is of essential service to the sportsman in the pursuit of wild fowl, as it follows the birds eagerly both on land and in the water. It is about the size of the Setter, but much stronger in make. — Its body is covered with hair crisped in small curls, generally of a darkish brown liver colour; while its face is smooth, as are also the fronts of its legs. There is a smaller variety, the produce between the large Water-dog and the Springer. — This dog is thickly covered with fine hair, curled all over in separate curls. It is usually of a white colour, sometimes patched with black. DOGS. The Newfoundland Dog. THE NEWFOUNDLAND DOG. — This noble and intelligent animal is justly esteemed for its many useful qualities, as well as for the symmetry of its form. — Its hair is peculiarly graceful, being long, flowing, and slightly curled. — It is web-footed, and can thereby swim fast, and dive with ease, bringing up any object from a considerable depth without any apparent difficulty. Its strength and docility render it very useful to fishermen, who are often placed in perilous situations, that, but for the ready aid given by this sagacious animal, might prove fatal. Its length often exceeds six feet, and its height about four feet. The docility of the Newfoundland dog is very remarkable; and the valuable assistance it often offords in case of shipwreck, as well as in instances of sudden immersion in the water, renders it peculiarly useful to the coast-guard. THE ROUGH WATER DOG. — This animal is also web-footed, and swims and dives with ease and dex- terity.— It is variously coloured, and its hati is long and curly. It seems very much attached to the water, and is sometimes seen on board of small vessels, from its aptness to fetch and carry aquatic shot fowl. — There is a smaller variety of the water- C3 18 DOGS. dog, that is particularly partial to jumping into the water from a great height, as from a bridge, and is a very active and useful dog. WATCH DOGS. The dogs included in this class, are chiefly em- ployed in domestic uses; guarding our property by night, and protecting our persons by day: no sen- tirial can be more watchful, no dependant more faithful: proud of the charge, the watch-dog is vigilant and careful; the least noise foreign to his ears, puts him on the alert, and should an unknown footstep give the slightest notice of approaching the limit of his teritories, he warns the trespasser that he is prepared to oppose his nearer approach; nor does he cease barking until all probability of in- vasion is removed, and security again restored. The principal or rather the most useful of this de- scription of dogs, are — the Shepherd's dog, the Cur, or Watch-dog, the Mastiff, and the Bull-dog. The Shepherd's Dog. THE SHEPHERD'S DOG. — Although we have placed this among the watch-dogs, to which rank the care of the flock evidently entitles him, his peculiar line DOGS. 19 of duty lies out of doors, in attendance on the shep- herd: his appearance is harsh and unprepossessing, being covered with long but rather woolly hair; with erect ears, bent somewhat downwards at the tips; nor does his colour improve his general unsightliness, being usually a mixture of black and grey, But whatever may be wanting in appearance, is amply made up by the truly useful and valuable services he renders to his master, and by the great sagacity, gratitude, and self-denial, he exercises in the dis- charge of his various and important duties. The Shepherd's dog is the faithful and untiring companion of the shepherd, whose duties would be difficult and arduous indeed, but for the assistance he receives from his useful and intelligent companion. With no other object than his duty, no other motive than obedience, he receives commands, and is always prompt to execute them; he is the watchful guardian of the flock, prevents them from straggling, conducts them from one part of their pasture to another, and will not suffer any strangers to mix with them. In driving a number of sheep to any distant part, a well- trained dog never fails to confine them to the road, watches every avenue that leads from it, where he takes his stand, threatening every delinquent. He pursues the stragglers, if any should escape, and forces them into order, without doing them the least injury. If the herdsman be obliged to leave them, he depends upon his dog to keep the flock together; and as soon as he hears the well-known signal, this faithful creature conducts them to his master, though at a considerable distance. One very remarkable singularity in the feet of the shepherd dog, is that all of them have one, and some two, toes more than other dogs, though they £0 DOGS. seem to be of little or no use, appearing destitute of muscles, and dangling at the hind part of the leg, more like an excrescence, than a necessary part of the animal. This breed of dogs is preserved in the greatest purity in the northern parts of Scotland, where the exercise of its useful qualities is constantly required. The Cur or Watch dog. THE CUR, or WATCH-DOG, has some resemblance to the Shepherd's dog, except that he is stronger in the make, with nearly smooth hair, and half pricked ears. — To the grazier and the farmer the services he renders are peculiarly important, and to them he is a trusty and useful servant. He is mostly employed in attending upon large droves of cattle, and being larger and stronger than the shepherd's dog, to whom indeed he claims a near relationship, he is the better qualified for the rougher duties he has to perform. He always makes his attack upon the heel of the animal he wishes to urge forward, and bites with great keenness. His sagacity is very promi- nent, and he soon ascertains the limits of his mas- ter's fields, to which he is anxious to confine the animals entrusted to his care, which he tends and watches with a jealous fidelity. HOGS. 21 The Mastiff. THE MASTIFF may properly be termed a house- dog; it is a large-sized, noble-looking animal, formed in every way for the important trust of guarding valuable property: committed to his care, and under his keeping, the gardens, yards, and house, are per- fectly safe; for while he is on duty, no stranger dare approach the premises; a growl of defiance gives timely notice of the least intrusion, and should the stranger have the temerity to enter, he meets with so fierce an opponent, that he is soon glad to retreat. During the day, the Mastiff is usually confined to his kennel; but at the appoach of night, his task of watchfulness commences; he is then left to range at full liberty; and woe to the trespasser who dares to intrude upon the premises with the care of which he is intrusted. The Mastiff has a peculiarly flat large head, and blunted short muzzle; his full lips hang over the lower jaw: his ears are small, and rather pendulous. His aspect is peculiarly sullen and grave; and his voice is loud and deep-toned. — Too much confine- ment makes him ferocious; but a judicious mode of treatment renders him docile, useful, and faithful. 22 DOGS. rlhe Hull Dog. THE BULL DOG. — This truly noble English dog is the boldest and most determined of all the race; his courage is invincible, and his strength astonishing, as indicated by the remarkable depth of his chest, and the powerful muscular construction of his whole body. His head is large, flattened in the upper part, and his muzzle much blunted: his eyes are far apart, and the under jaw projects considerably beyond the upper one. In one respect, the Bull-dog is deficient; in him the sense of smelling is so dull and blunted, that instances have been known of his flying at and attacking his master, not distinguishing him from a stranger: but in every respect in which courage or the most determined perseverance are required, he is without parallel: indeed, so obstinate and deter- mined are the attacks of this dog, that he will rather endure mutilation of his limbs than quit his hold; nor will he yield, while life exists, even where he has not the remotest probability of overcoming his opponent. Now, however, since bull-baiting and the more brutalizing sports are discouraged in every way, the ferocious spirit of this animal is not so much sought for and fostered; a more useful animal, with every good quality, but with less ferocity, will ultimately be the result. BOGS. 23 FANCY AND LAP DOGS. BUT a few years since, the breed of lap-dogs fur- nished but little variety, being almost limited to the French poodle, or Lion-dog, the Pug-dog, and the pretty little variety of the Spaniel, known as King Charles's dog; now, however, that of late years more attention has been paid to the breeding and rearing of fancy dogs, a much greater variety has been produced: some of these are remarkable for beauty of shape and regularity of the spots by which they are marked; others are noted for diminutive- ness of size; and some others for playfulness and vivacity. — As our work is intended to give a general notice of the dog tribe, we cannot, therefore, pass over the Fancy and Lap-dogs. The SPANIEL kind seem to have been the stock or source whence the greater proportion of the fancy dogs have been produced: the KING CHARLES'S DOG is one of the prettiest and liveliest of those: it is, indeed, an elegant little pet dog, and obtained its appellation from the circumstance that the witty and merry monarch, Charles II. was usually accompanied in his walks by several of these little favourite ani- mals. It is well known in this country, and is much prized as a pretty agreeable pet companion: its head is small and rounded, with the snout short, and the tail curved back: its ears are long, hair curled, and feet webbed; from which circumstance it swims with celerity and eagerly pursues water-fowl. THE FRENCH POODLE, or Lion-dog, is another of the pet tribe: it is usually of a white colour, and DOGS. small in size; its distinguishing characteristic is that the head and fore part of the body is well covered with shaggy hair, after the appearance of a mane, while the hinder parts of the body are quite smooth, with the exception of a tuft of hair at the extremity of the tail. This dog was formerly much prized; but the improvement in the breed of fancy dogs has a good deal decreased the estimation in which it was held. THE PUG-DOG. — This is another variety of the lap dogs, much more prized in former years than at pre- sent; indeed, the breed itself i's but little cared for, the estimation in which it was held being very con- siderably lessened: its principal peculiarity was in its miniature resemblance to the Bull-dog, from which animal, indeed, it said to have sprung, with some other occasional admixture of the small Danish dog. Of late years, the breed of fancy dogs has been very much practised, and with very signal success: for while, in former years, the tribe of lap dogs com- prised but a very few animals, it now comprehends a very considerable variety, the chief characteristic of which is, symmetry of appearance, diminutiveness of size, length of ears, length and softness of hair, and regularity of the spots or marks by which the several breeds are distinguished. The history and treatment of the Spaniel, is, however, the history and treatment of them all; with the reservation that to obtain the best whelps, the prettiest kinds and best made dogs should be selected to breed from. DOGS. 25 MISCELLANEOUS VARIETIES OF DOGS. It is not our intention, under this head, to parti- cularise the great numbers of cross-bred dogs that constitute the endless varieties which present them- selves to view in every direction; some few of them may be estimated for some peculiarity of shape, or make, or colour; but as they are generally value- less for any useful purpose, we shall not step out of our way to make an exception even in their favour; except, in a subsequent part of this comprehensive treatise, to show how the complaints with which, like others of the dog tribe, they are subject to, may be prevented and removed. Suffice it, therefore, to say, that where dogs are permitted to go at large, and intermix with each other without control or re- straint; the consequence must be, a degenerate mongrel race of curs, undistinguished by any good quality, and valueless for any positive real use: edu- cation may, indeed, do something to improve them; but unless the breeding be conducted upon judicious principles, no good result can be expected; and no dog produced from such a mixture of breeds will be worth the expense of maintenance; — added to this, our streets would be less infested with the currish race, were the breed of dogs more carefully at- tended to, arid that distressing malady hydrophobia, or canine madness, less frequently met with, and much less often attended with such horrible and fatal results. — Our next observations will apply to the best methods of preserving the perfect breeds of the seve- ral varieties of dogs of which we have treated. DOGS. ON THE BREEDING AND TREATMENT OF DOGS. IN breeding dogs, the principal care to be exerted is in the choice of the parents; on no account should a cross be permitted, unless as an experi- ment, with a view to obtain some improvement; but even in this case, the dogs should be true to their respective breeds. Dogs should not be allowed to couple till they have attained the age of two years; their progeny will be much the better for it: the female, prior to this, should be carefully watched, and when in heat, locked up, and a little cooling medicine given her. Breed from the best-shaped and healthiest animals; this is a rule which should never be departed from. When the female has admitted the dog, care should be taken to keep all other dogs from her; for unless she be restrained, she will admit several others, to the very great deterioration of her progeny. The period of gestation, in dogs, is about nine weeks; the litter usually consists of from three to seven at a birth: the young ones are born blind, and do not obtain their sight till about ten or twelve days. In about two months, their peculiar faculties begin to exhibit themselves. — At the age of six months, their first teeth are replaced by others; and from that period till they are twenty months old, they continue to grow: at twro years of age, they are usually considered to have arrived at their full vigour. DOGS. 27 When about four or five weeks old, young whelps are usually looked to, with a view of redressing any imperfection which may exist in their appearance; they are now deprived of their dew claws; and a piece may be pinched off the tail, if too long; where their ears require paring, it may now be done. — Emasculation of the males, if intended, should now be effected; this renders the animal much more docile and agreeable. A very old and strange prejudice is still existent as to dogs having a worm beneath their tongue; and the general opinion is, that unless this be removed, by the process, termed WORMING, the animal will bite at whatever comes in its way, should it ever be affected with fits or with the hydrophobia. In truth, no such worm exists, and the operation itself is both cruel and unnecessary. — What is called the worm, is merely a small ligament in the bridle beneath the tongue; and when the bridle is out, the ligament may be drawn forward and separated at both extre- mities; the contraction of this ligament, when first seen, resembles the movements of a worm — hence the origin of the ignorant idea about the worm. The feeding of young dogs rarely meets with the attention its importance deserves; too often they are but half fed, and left, for the remainder, to what they can pick up: this plan is very objectionable, and we would press upon the notice of those who keep dogs, not to trust to the chance of what they may pick up either in the kitchen or the parlour, but to give them their own regular daily meal of food adapted to the wants of the dog, and having refer- ence to the duties required of it. Flesh, generally speaking, is the most eligible DOGS. standard food for dogs, but this should not be given raw, as its tendency is to produce a ferocity of dis- position: cold boiled meat is decidedly the best; but it should be varied, now and then, with a little dog biscuit, or farinaceous food, as oatmeal porridge pre- pared with broth in which meat has been boiled. A little bread dipped in the same sort of broth, and given to the dog, is very nourishing, as are also a few bones from the dinner or supper table: they assist their teeth, and help to keep their bowels in order. One good meal a day is sufficient; he may then be left to pick up what he can. But though one meal a day, regularly supplied, is enough for a dog, he must not, on any account, be restricted in his drink: he should have, at all times, access to a pan of clean cold water. The pan in which the water is kept should be cleaned out daily. Hounds require rather a different treatment to other kind of dogs: oatmeal porridge, made with broth in which meat has been boiled, given alternately with cold boiled flesh, will be found very nourishing. Before hunting, the hounds should be sharp set; they go the better for it: on returning from the chace, the hounds should always be fed; and a se- cond meal, given some time afterwards, will be found very serviceable: indeed, some hounds feed better at the second meal than they do at the first. — After feeding, the hounds should be turned out into the lawn or field to relieve themselves; which practice not only promotes their health, but contributes very essentially to the cleanliness of their kennel. Hounds that have been out, should not be taken out hunting the next day; like horses, they may be seriously injured if too great a degree of exertion be DOGS. 29 required of them all at once: a little rest, is very requisite to them as well as to their masters. Dogs employed in watching premises should not be needlessly exposed to the damp or cutting night winds; but should be provided with a comfortable wooden house, with a litter of clean straw; and placed free from exposure to the wind, and in as dry a situation as possible. If kept in the dwelling- house, the dog should have a place appropriated to his night's rest: this may be an open box, or a basket, with a piece of carpet or blanket, or clean straw at the bottom: if either of the former, it should be often beaten, to free it from fleas or nits, which soon infest it, and frequently washed and dried. Damp is exceedingly injurious to dogs, as well as to many other animals, and is very likely to produce rheumatism and other causes of lameness in the shoulders and limbs. Fresh air, frequently-changed straw, and good exercise, will tend to preserve dogs in health, to which indeed cleanliness is indispensible. If care be taken with a dog while young, it may be trained to do almost any thing, to come or go as desired, to fetch and carry, to lie immoveably still when spoken to, and to be silent at a look or word of command; in all these respects, dogs are very susceptible of instruction, and readily fall into and adopt the particular habits inculcated by any course of training. Above all, in a house or yard-dog, good manners should be especially enforced; he should be taught to be silent or to lie down when spoken to, to refrain from leaping up on the laps of visitors and others, and to conduct himself sub- missively. To teach a Dog to behave as he ought to do, in those and other respects, his master should D3 30 DOGS. begin with him when young, and use a judicious degree of severity tempered with kindness in due place. The first thing to impress upon a dog is, to make him understand that he is to do as he is bid; if he be a little refractory, he must be coerced, and sub- mission inforced, even though the lesson require to be repeated several times; as all dogs are very tractable, in these matters, he will soon know what a look, a sign, or a word is intended to convey, and act accordingly. Hounds require more care and much more careful training than House or Watch-dogs: their tuition must commence when very young, and be carefully attended to, and judiciously managed. — Our limits will not allow us to enter into details as to the parti- cular line to be pursued with each kind of hound; but we may say that the peculiar mode to be pursued, must be in accordance with the breed or kind of hound under tuition, and have reference to the peculiar line of duty which will be expected of him. Where hounds are well trained and properly disci- plined, they evince a ready and marked obedience to the huntsman, which is very conducive to success in the chace or in the pursuit of game. Dogs that hunt by the scent require very great attention in respect to cleanliness; care therefore must be exerted to preserve it, and perfect cleanliness is one of the best and surest methods; the same may be said of all other dogs; cleanliness is not only a preserver and promoter of their best faculties, but it is also one of the surest preventives of disease in those noble and sagacious animals. DOGS. 31 THE DISEASES OF DOGS, THEIR CAUSES, SYMPTOMS, AND METHODS OF CUREy THE most prolific source of disease in dogs, is mismanagement: this, again, may be considered under two distinct heads, neglect and repletion: the diseases resulting from neglect, are principally those that arise from exposure to cold or damp, and affect the digestive organs of the animal, as colds and the like; and which for want of timely assistance settle on the lungs and produce catarrhal affections, coughs, asthma, or similar complaints; sometimes, indeed, the neglect is even more discreditable, being a total absence of attention towards the animal; and hence productive of distemper and other cutaneous diseases; this is often the case with the mongrel breeds that infest the streets, the owners of which do not think it worth while, or are too much engaged, to pay that necessary attention to their dogs, which they yet allow to breed indiscriminately, to the great annoy- ance of the public and often to the peril of them- selves; for it is not to be wondered at that hydrophobia should prevail, when so many dogs are neglected and suffered to roam at large in the streets, exposed to all the vicissitudes of the weather, and compelled by the cravings of hunger to feed on whatever comes in their way. The law, in this respect, in not suf- ficiently stringent; nor will the fatal and distressing consequences of the horrible malady, to which this de- scription of curs are peculiarly liable, be lessened till some positive steps are taken to prevent or abridge the indiscriminate increase of the mongrel races of Dogs. 32 DOGS. The kind of dogs most liable to diseases caused by repletion are the fancy and pet in-door and par- lour dogs, that, from a false notion of kindness towards them on the part of their masters or mis- tresses, get overfed and take but little exercise. Diseases of this kind are not difficult of cure: the trite saying, " Remove the cause, and the effects will cease," at once explains the origin of the disease and the only means by which a complete cure can be effected. The best way to prevent disease in dogs is to look carefully to them in their early days: this has been partially hinted at in the directions relative to feed- ing. Too much flesh food, particularly if given raw, has a tendency to produce or increase a ferocity of disposition, and create in the animal an offensive smell: liver has the effect of relaxing the bowels, and is in other respects objectionable: meat should always be cooked, and given cold to the dog. On alternate days, a change of food, of a fariuacious or vegetable kind, should be given. A few7 bones, given occasionally, are excellent for dogs: they help to cleanse their teeth, and also keep their bowels in order. One meal a day is ample for dogs: his very nature incites him to eat whenever he can procure food, but not to feed often; sometime in the course of the forenoon, present him with a good meal; and, with the exception of the little pickings he may obtain, and a few bones from the dinner table, give him no more till the next day. On no account overfeed him, or give him so much food as to deprive him of the power of taking exercise. Tripe food, boiled, or healthy horse-flesh, are both good, and, varied a little with other less solid food, will go far to keep a dog in good order. Colonel DOGS. 33 Cook, a very good authority in these matters, ob- serves— that "the ribs should be visible and the flank moderately hollow, but the loins must be filled up in a dog in perfect condition. When dogs exhibit general fulness and too much flesh, commence by physic and a regular course of exercise, which should be mild at first, but increased until it is severe. Avoid too great a privation of food, otherwise the conditioning process will be retarded." A dog cannot be kept in a healthy condition without he is fed regularly and allowed as much water as he will take; he should also be permitted to take good exercise daily in the open air, and kept perfectly clean. — A piece of rock or roll brimstone kept in the water-pan, will be found useful. When the bowels are relaxed, you may be sure that a dog is not in health: as a prevention of this, let him have good substantial food, and allow him to run at liberty in search of the peculiar grass which nature has given him instinct to partake of as a ready means of correcting the disarrangement of his bowels. — A little sulphur and antimony, mixed with the meat, or rolled up as a pill, and given to the dog when symptoms of disease appear on the skin, will be found very good, and will also operate as a pre- ventive of disease; this is a cooling medicine, and is of great service to dogs. Flies harrass and torment dogs sadly; they can- not, perhaps, be wholly eradicated, but they can be kept in check, and their increase prevented. For this, cleanliness is the most certain remedy and preventive. Not more than a week should elapse without every dog being washed; lap or house-dogs require to be well washed at least once a week ; after DOGS. washing-, they should be rubbed dry with a hard cloth, and their hair combed or brushed. Very delicate dogs may be washed in warmer water, and dried before the tire. The diseases of dogs are not numerous, although of late it appears very much the fashion to display a long catalogue, enumerated under distinct names; but which, in reality, are not distinct diseases, but only stages of the same complaint: for instance, a cold, catarrh, diarrhoea, constipation, cough, and low fever, are not separate complaints, but all indications of what is usually termed A COLD; and merely expressive of the several stages or accompaniments of that cold: a dog is exposed to the cold and damp, and his health becomes affected: his bowels are out of order, either by looseness or too confined; the looseness is described by the term diarrhoea, the con- fined state of the bowels by the word constipation, and the eyes and nose affected by watery runnings, is called catarrh: still the disease itself is a cold, of which a cough and low fever are usually the accompaniments; and the remedial treatment of the cold is necessarily different according to the peculiar symptoms or accompaniments of that complaint. To ADMINISTER MEDICINE TO DOGS. — Place the dog in an erect position between your knees, with his back inwards: secure his fore legs by a cloth or handkerchief brought from behind. Press the upper lip with the thumb and fingers of one hand, which will compel him to open his mouth, and then with the other hand pass the medicine beyond the tongue into the gullet: withdraw your hand quickly, and shut his mouth, keeping his head in the same erect position till the medicine is swallowed. DOGS. THE DISTEMPER. THIS disease, to which young dogs are most liable, usually attacks them about the third to the sixth month of their age. It is of an inflammatory na- ture at its commencement, succeeded by excessive debility. Symptoms. — Sudden loss of usual spirit, activity, and appetite; drowsiness, dullness of the eyes, and lying at length with the nose to the ground; cold- ness of the extremities, ears, and legs, and heat of the head and body; sudden emaciation, and exces- sive weakness, particularly in the hinder quarters, which begin to sink and drag after the animal; an apparent tendency to evacuate from the bowels, a little at a time; sometimes vomiting; eyes and nose often, but not always, affected with a catarrhal dis- charge. In an advanced stage of the disease, spas- modic and convulsive twitchings occur, the nervous and muscular system being materially affected; gid- diness and turning round, foaming at the mouth, and fits. The disease, in this stage, is often taken for incipient madness, into which it might not im- probably degenerate. Remedy. — Give, daily, mild doses of from two to three grains of calomel alone, in milk, and let the animal lap it up: continue this for four or five days, with intermissions when necessary, and it will carry the dog safely through, if taken in time. James's powders are also a safe and certain cure. Bleeding is recommended at the commencement. While the disease exists, light food should be given, a little at the time, as gruel, or broth, thickened with oatmeal- 36 DOGS. and to aid his recovery, nourishing food should be allowed him. Prevention. — The best mode of prevention, or at at least of rendering the attack much less severe, is to keep the young dogs from too much animal food, and give them, whenever costive, a little opening medicine, as jalap, or calomel, or both. Whenever the dog's eyes look red and dull, and the head heavy, this opening medicine is very useful. As another means of prevention, very young dogs should be kept from the water, especially if of tender con- stitutions. THE MANGE. THIS nauseous and loathsome disease is of the cutaneous kind, that is, affecting the skin, and some- what resembles the itch in the human species: it is usually induced by a want of cleanliness; too close confinement of the animal in a small kennel, where its acrid excrements produce an unhealthy affluvia, is one of the surest modes of originating iti food poor in quality or stinted in quantity, and particularly if salt, also causes this noxious disease, which is conta- gious. Cleanliness, and a little medicine occasionally, on the contrary, is a sure preventive. Symptoms. — The mange is known by the dog almost constantly scratching himself, and by the skin appearing moist, and sometimes scabby; if the parts affected be examined, pimples or fissures on the skin, many of which are ruptured by the rub- bing, and exude a serous humour, which thickens and forms scabs: this very soon spreads over the should- ers, back, and hinder parts. DOGS. 37 The disease called the SURFEIT, is somewhat simi- lar, but less virulent; and yields to the same medical treatment. llemedy. — Scrub the dog with soft soap and water, or tobacco, dry him well with a dry cloth directly afterwards when dry, rub the following mixture well on every part: Oil of turpentine, - - one ounce; Sublimed sulphur, - - one ounce; Train oil, .... four ounces: Mix these three ingredients well together, and the mixture is ready for use: it should also be well stirred up when used. If the disease becomes obstinate, or the skin ap- pears of a bright red colour, the following may be given, morning and evening, for a few days, which will expedite the cure: the quantity for one dose is — ^Ethiop's mineral - - twenty grains; Levigated antimony, - twenty grains. If the dog be but slightly effected, the following mild ointment (which is very useful in the Surfeit) will be found efficacious: Oil of vitriol, - - - half an ounce; Hogs' lard, - - - - half a pound : Mix the two well together, and anoint the dog every day, three or four times, if necessary. HYDROPHOBIA, OR MADNESS. THIS dreadful disease is, fortunately, of rare occur- rence, unless communicated by the bite of another dog; indeed, some writers have gone so far as to deny the possibility of its spontaneous existence: be 38 DOGS. this as it may, the animal is subject to it, however induced; and rarely indeed does it survive its fatal attack. Symptoms. — The dog, in the commencement of this disease, loses his sportiveness, and seems labour- ing under an evident discomfort and unsettledness of purpose and great irritibility; and though he may still obey his master,s call, he seems to do it unwil- lingly, and without the usual fawning or desire to please. If a dog or a cat come in its way, it will snap at it, and bite it; and if provoked by a stick or any other thing, it will eagerly seize and shake it with great violence. It loses its appetite, and if food be offered it, it will either refuse it, or eat a little, but with evident reluctance; it will, however, gnaw any thing within reach, as straw, wood, or any pieces of rubbish; and its appetite is sometimes so depraved, that it will devour its own excrements, or any trash it may meet with. The thirst induced by the fever, causes it to often lap water, though sometimes he cannot swallow it, from a painful con- vulsive motion of the muscles of the throat, and then he refuses it altogether. He is often sick at the stomach, and his bowels are generally very confined throughout the disease. In a day or two after the first appearance of the disease, the symptoms increase, and the dog often becomes fierce and furious. — Now, unless chained up, (which he should be, the moment the symptoms appear) his restlessness increases, he leaves home, and runs along, biting any and every thing he meets with, but rarely turns out of his way to do so. His ears are lowering, and tail drawn inward between his legs; and the tongue hangs out, covered with saliva. DOGS. 39 Sometimes he draws himself up, as though pained in the bowels. He does not bark, but makes a pecu- liar sort of howl. When the disease draws toward a fatal termination, the system becomes exhausted by excitertient, the dog's legs fail to support him, and he dies about the fourth to the sixth day, from an accumulation of evils. This dreadful disease being so easily commu- nicated, and so fatal in its effects, it becomes a paramount duty to prevent the possibility of its spreading. The moment you have reason to suspect its existence, you ought to tie up the animal, and as soon as your fears are borne out by the actual ap- pearance of the disease, hesitate not a moment to destroy the dog: the plea that the animal is a prized or valuable one, is but poor set off to the serious and fatal consequences that may and most likely will ensue, if the rabid animal happen to bite any other of its own or any other species, to say nothing of the probability of any human being becoming bitten by it. — To talk of a remedy, is all but hopeless: rarely indeed is a cure effected, after the disease has exhi- bited itself; and the serious responsibility incurred by the dangers likely to ensue, is so great, that no consideration ought to weigh against the immediate destruction of the dog: it is a mercy to the animal itself to save it from the horrible death which is the enevitable result of this fatal disease. The moment any one is bitten by a dog in a rabid state, immediate steps should be taken to do all that art can do to avert the dreadful consequences that otherwise must ensue. The best way, perhaps, is to wash the wound immediately, and have the parts burnt out with a hot iron, or cut out. But 40 DOGS. the safest way is to call in a skillful surgeon, one that will act with promptness and decision. Elaine, in treating of this disease, notices with much commendation the fallowing remedial pre- paration, commonly called Webb's drink, or, the famous Herefordshire cure: — "Take the fresh leaves of the tree box, two ounces; of the fresh leaves of rue, two ounces; of sage, half an ounce; chop these finely, and after boiling them in a pint of water to half a pint, strain and press out the liquor; beat them in a mortar, or otherwise bruise them tho- roughly, and boil them again in a pint of new milk, until the quantity decreases to half a pint, which press out as before. After this, mix both the boiled liquors, which will make three doses for a human subject. Double this quantity will form three doses for a horse or cow; two thirds of it is sufficient for a large dog, calf, sheep, or hog; half the quantity is required for a middle sized dog; and one-third for a smaller one. These three doses are said to be sufficient; and one of them is directed to be given every morning fasting." Mr Murray, lecturer on chemistry, mentions, in a letter to a newspaper, the following remedy: — "Let a mixture of two parts of nitric and one part of muriaric acid, both by measure (evolving chlorine in a concentrated form), be applied to the wound as soon as possible, and more than once." PITS. These visitations, to which young dogs are par- ticularly subject, are sometimes mistaken for hydro- phobia, to which however, they are essentially different, as being usually sudden in their attack, DOGS. 41 without those progressive appearances which gene- rally precede and indicate the rabid state. They arise from various causes, to which the remedial treatment to be pursued must have reference, or the result will not be so beneficial as it would otherwise be. The following are the most prominent Symptoms. — The dog suddenly stands, as if frightened, and in a few moments springs up two or three feet high, falling again as if shot; his tail, limbs, or some parts of the body, are much con- vulsed: frequently, he froths at the mouth and grinds his teeth; and sometimes his eyes are turned up, and his face distorted: his breathing is generally hurried, and he often pants excessively, and his bowels are evidently constipated, or, in other words, confined. Some dogs, when taken, have a violent heaving of the chest, and appear almost suffocated; they then suddenly dart forward, and fall prostrate on the ground, exhibiting the convulsive motions of the limbs, and frothing at the mouth; the dog being, in other respects, in a great measure insensible. Causes. — Fits often accompany an attack of the Distemper; in which case they are considered as an unfavourable symptom, particularly if accompanied by a wasting of the body. Worms in the intestines, by the irritation they occasion, often induce fits. — Costiveness, or a foul state of the bowels, is another means of producing fits; they also arise from the irritation which accompanies teething. When they arise from rearing too many puppies from one mother, they usually prove fatal. Remedy. — While the fits are on, sprinkle the face E 3 42 DOGS. of the dog with cold water; and as soon as they have abated, give him the following: Colomel, four or six grains, (according to the size of the dog; Jalap, in powder, - - two scruples. Form these into a ball with syrup or conserve of hips, and give it, covered with thin paper, to the dog. If the fits return, after the ball has operated, give the following once or twice in the course of the day, and repeat it the next day, if necessary. Assafoetida, - - - fifteen grains, Valerian - one scruple To be formed into a ball, and given as the former ball. If fits arise from Worms in the intestines of the doe;, the symptoms will then be accompanied with frequent twitchings of his belly; his coat will have a staring appearance; and his excrements be of a slimy nature; now and then, perhaps, he may void worms at the mouth, or the anus. — In this case, the following should be given, to cause him to purge and vomit; Turbith mineral ... four to six grains; Worm seed in powder, - two scruples, made up into a ball with conserve of hips. Next morning, administer the following, also made up into a ball with conserve of hips, or honey: Barbadoes aloes, » one dram; Worm seed, in powder, - two scruples; Oil of savin, - - - - . four drops, If the whelp be very young, only half the above, should be given. DOGS. 43 TICKS. CLEANLINESS is the best and only preventive to these troublesome vermin, and the dogs most infested with them, are those which are most neglected. — They may be got rid of by the following wash, but it is only by great attention to cleanliness that their reproduction can be prevented, or kept in check: WASH, Water, - - two pints; Spirits of wine, one ounce; Sublimate - one dram and a half; The sublimate should be dissolved in the spirits of wine, and the water then added. — In using it, morn- ing and evening, the hair of the dog should be well parted, that it may penetrate to the skin. ASTHMA IN DOGS. THIS disease, in dogs, is very similar to that which attacks the human being, and is usually caused by an accumulation of fat about the heart, the consequence of over feeding, or by a frequent distension of the stomach by food, so that its capa- city increases, and a morbid or depraved appetite is the result. Symptoms. — Difficulty of breathing, exhibited in a shortness of breath, and short husky cough; the stomach is unduly distended and a bulkiness of body thereby engendered, distressing to the free move- ments of the animal. Remedy. — As this disease originates from reple- tion, so abstinence, judiciously regulated, is the best and indeed the only cure; its food should be lessened in quantity, and be more pure and easily digested 44 DOGS. than the dainties upon which it has hitherto been fed; as well-boiled horse-flesh, or other animal food that has hung a sufficient time to become tender: oatmeal gruel made with milk, is also excellent in asthmatic cases: occasionally give the following opening pills. DIARRHOEA, OR LOOSENESS, USUALLY the consequence of improper feeding, or secretion of acrid bile, — is readily cured by tying up the dog for a day or two without food. A small dose, or two, of Epsom salts, dissolved in gruel, may be administered; and if severe griping pains be ob- served, fifteen to twenty drops of tincture of opium may be added thereto. INJURIES OF THE MOUTH FROM BONES. WHEN a bone sticks in a dog's mouth, it often pro- duces an apparent effort to vomit, and the dog will be seen making ineffectual attempts with his paw to remove it. — The readiest way to remove it is with the fingers, or by a pair of forceps. If the jaw-bone is thus injured, it should be scraped with a small knife, and a little tincture of myrrh or a solution of alum applied by means of lint wrapped round the end of a skewer. DISEASES OF THE EYE. THE eyes of dogs are subject to inflammatory at- tacks, induced in most cases by violent exertion, by exposure to wind, or by eating too much animal food : if from the latter cause, the cure will be much more difficult them if from either of the preceding. DOGS. 45 Remedy. — Keep the dog on a good but spare diet; milk and bread is excellent in this case. — Give him a purgative of jalap and calomel. Make a wash of a weak solution of sugar of lead, or sulphate of zyic, and use it as eye-water. Dogs in more advanced life often have blear-eyes : to cure this, use a little vinous tincture of opium, or weak brandy and water; either is a good wash for eyes so effected. Or, you may use, as a very good wash, one dram of white vitriol dissolved in ten or twelve ounces of water, that is, between half a pint and three quarters, the pint of water weighing six- teen ounces. AIR AND EXERCISE. ACTING upon the old maxim, that "prevention is better than cure," we will recommend all persons who keep dogs, to observe the following rules, and they will soon find their advantage in the health and good condition of the animals. Allow your dog to take good exercise. Keep his house or kennel very clean and well ventilated, and change his bed often. Give him a proper proportion of animal and vege- table food. Give a little opening medicine whenever costive, and also at spring and autumn, and whenever his digestive faculties seem out of order. Above all, keep the dog himself clean, and teach him habits of cleanliness, for CLEANLINESS is the surest preserver of HEALTH. 46 DOGS. FANCY AND LAP DOGS. OF late years, great attention has been paid to the breeding of Fancy Spaniels and pet or Lap-dogs: "of these the most prized are sold at very high prices; and certainly they are pretty and engaging animals, well suited to the purposes for which they are bred and trained, — The smallest breeds are the most prized, provided the animal is perfect in the several peculiarities which constitute a well-bred dog. Of these the most modern varieties are the BLENHEIM SPANIEL, and the ono known as KING CHARLES'S DOG. King Charles's Do%. KING CHARLES'S DOG. This pleasing, playful little favourite derives it name from the fact that the "Merry monarch/' as King Charles the Second was usually called, was always accompaned in his rural rambles, particularly in the royal parks, by a number DOGS. 47 of small and favourite spaniels of this particular breed: but although the King Charles's Dog of the present day inherits the same name, it has little else in common with its namesake of the seventeenth century: modern breeders have, by selecting the most perfect of the particular kinds, to breed from, much improved the race; and the King Charles's Dog of the present period is a much superior ani- mal to that of a former day; its long silky hair, which hangs very full on its legs and tail, looks peculiarly rich, and reaches almost to the ground; its nose is short and snubbed, and the upper part much indented; a mark or spot of tan is placed just above each eye-brow; and the patches or marks of black should be equally disposed on each side of the back, or along its coat, blended with white and tan in regular and symmetrical manner. — Any want of these points or marks render the dog comparatively valueless. King Charles's Dog is most usually prized as a pet or lap dog, and its training should have refer- ence to the qualifications most useful in a dog that is intended for a lady's pet. Of the manner of accomplishing this, we shall advert to in a subse- quent page. One hint we would here give, in reference to all kind of lap dogs, — they are too often overfed, and experience all the mischiefs arising from repletion, want of exercise, and obstructed digestion; this should be avoided; they may live well, but should not be stuffed so that they cannot move about; this is not kindness, it is actual cruelty, and should on no account be suffered. 48 DOGS. The Blenheim Spaniel. THE BLENHEIM SPANIEL. — This pretty unique little dog is, like King Charles's dog, most prized as a lady's or drawing-room companion, and is charac- terized by similar peculiarities, having similar long silky hair, long pendant ears, and flattened short nose. — It divides the attention of fancy breeders equally with the former dog, and is by some consi- dered equal if not superior to that pet animal. OBSERVATIONS ON THE BREEDING AND TREATMENT OF FANCY AND OTHER DOGS. To obtain a pure breed of any kind of fancy dog, select a dog and bitch quite free from any physical defect, and perfect in their shape and marks: this is the iirst and most important consideration with all breeders, and will go far to ensure goodness in the progeny, but not equally so as to colour, for that in dogs, as with all domestic animals, is liable to DOGS. 49 change and variety, though perhaps less so in the dog than in any other tame animal. The proper care having been taken to prevent the breed of ths dog from contamination, by selection of parents and also by preventing the bitch admitting any other partner than the one selected, the next care will be in the rearing of the progeny. A few hours after the bitch has littered, examine the whelps carefully, and if any of them be faulty, destroy them at once, unless you choose to preserve them for any particular purpose. Give the bitch a little whey and barley-bread, or a little goat's milk in which bones have been boiled, or rather slowly simmered, and this will not only increase the milk of the bitch, but also assist and nourish the whelps. Do not, on any account, distress the mother by rear- ing too many whelps; they should suck at least two months before they are weaned; and then have bread-and-milk food, with, occasionally, a few bones to gnaw at, and now and then a few pieces of boiled meat, or a little tripe cut in pieces: do not feed them too often; twice a day, at first; and when they grow up, once a day, will be amply sufficient: and let them always have access to a pan or dish of water or milk. Now and then, if the whelps exhibit a tendency to fits, or refuse their food, lose flesh, or appear dull, give them, each, about two table-spoonsful of syrup of buckthorn, or a similar quantity of castor oil; or if preferred, a purgative made up in the shape of a ball, and prepared as follows : Jalap, - - one and a half scruple, Calomel - four grains, made up as a ball with conserve of hips. F 50 DOGS. Should inflammatory symptoms appear, indicated by the whelp appearing as if distressed, with its head raised and panting for breath, or constantly vomiting, or attempting to do so, it will be advisable to take a little blood from the neck vein or by cutting off the tip of the tail, and afterwards to administer the purging ball: this, and a spare feeding with bread and milk for a day or two, will usually effect a cure. TRAINING. — The training a dog should commence with the period at which it begins to run about, and have reference especially to the future prospects of the dog. — Whether it be intended for a house, pet, or. lap-dog, or to whatever other purpose, its train- ing should be conducted accordingly. The first lesson a dog should be, obedience; to come and go, lie down, or be silent, at the word of command: habits of cleanliness should also be simultaneously inculcated, and all petulent or capricious movements checked as they appear. — Any pleasing habits can now be easily taught, for dogs, of all animals, are most readily susceptible of education, and may be taught to do almost any thing. To ensure health in dogs, enforce on all occasions habits of cleanliness, and carry out the same habit yourself by washing each of your whelps or dogs at least once in each week: this will keep those tormen- ting vermin, the ticks, or fleas, in check, and will, with the aid of a little occasional opening medicine, preserve and ensure that greatest of all blessings — freedom from disease. USEFUL PUBLICATIONS, PUBLISHED BY DEAN AND Co., TH RE ADNEEDLE- ST REET. AND SOLD BY ALL BOOKSELLERS. THE FOOTMAN'S GUIDE and MAN SERVANTS' ADVISER; containing1, plain instructions for the proper performance of every kind of work, and every duty pertaining to the Male-Servant, from his first going out to service until he becomes a complete Foot- man and Butler; with directions for the arrangement and man- ner of setting. out tables and sideboards in a tasteful and fash- ionable style; directions for waiting at table, and superintending large and small parties; to clean and preserve plate, glass, fur- niture, clothes, &c. Hints relative to delivering cards, messages, &c. BY J. WILLIAMS. 3s. 6d. in cloth. THE MODERN DOMESTIC COOKERY; adapted for the use of Families in the middle and genteel ranks of Life: with directions for the choice, preservation, and most approved me- thods of cooking every kind of butchers' meat, fish, game, poultry, &c. ; instructions for making soups, gravies, pastry, English wines; baking, preserving, pickling, &c. : the proper ma- nagement of the dairy, poultry, and bees. An Essay on Domestic Economy. With instructions to servants, for the best methods of performing their various employments. BY ELIZABETH HAM- MOND Price 4s. With engravings, representing the methods for setting out a table, trussing, and carving. THE PASTRY COOK'S and CONFECTIONER'S ASSISTANT: Containing the most approved and choice Receipts for making all manner of Pastry, Patties, Tarts, Pies, Puddings, and Jellies, Blanc-mange, and Creams. Directions for making Bride Cakes, Savoy, Sponge, Almond, Ratafia, and Rout Cakes, Macaroons, Rock, and other Biscuits; Buns, Bath Buns, and Tea Cakes : the Best methods of Preserving Fruit: the Art of Sugar-boiling, making Lozenges, Drops, Pipe, Barley-Sugar, Twist, Carraway Comfits, &,c. as practised in the principal Establishments in Lon- don.— By GKORE READ, Confectioner and Pastry-Cook. COOKERY MADE EASY; or, plain and practical directions for properly cooking and serving-up all sorts of provisions, from a single joint of meat with vegetables, to the most exqui- sitely-seasoned dishes of Poultry, Fish, and Game 5 every neces- sary direction being clearly described in the most exact manner; with the proper methods of making plain and rich gravies, sauces, soups, &c.; directions for making and baking Pies, Puddings, Tarts, Custards, &c. written from real practice, and combining gentility with economy. By a lady. is. 6d. in cloth. Third Edition, enlarged and improved. THE FLOWER-GROWER'S INSTRUCTOR; or, the Temple of Flora. Comprising, the rudiments of botany, and plain instruc- tions for the cultivation of flowering shrubs, decidious and herbaceous roots, Florists' and other Flowers, &c. Directions for the management of the greenhouse, pits, frames, &c., and much other valuable information. By JOHN GREIG. With six plates, four of them elegantly coloured. Is. 6d. FASHIONABLE LETTER WRITER; or, Art of Polite Corre- spondence : consisting of original modern letters on every occur- rence in life, and adapted to both sexes ; with complimentary cards, petitions, forms of wills, bonds, &c. — The rise and pro- gress of writing; directions for letter -writing; and tne mode of addressing persons of every rank in life. By R. TURXER, B. D.— A new edition, revised by W. LIMMING, of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. Extra boards, with two fine plates, 2s. 6d. NEW LONDON LETTER WRITER, containing approved Let- ters on every subject and situation in Life; with complimentary Cards, &c. Is. sewed. THE BRITISH " AVIARY, AND BIRD KEEPER'S COM- PANION; containing copious directions for rearing Canaries: also Goldfinch and Linnet Mules ; the best method of feeding birds in general, as well as practical remedies for the cure of those disorders to which they are liable ; the German method of learning birds to sing select tunes, &c. Eighteen plates. Embossed cloth. 2s. 6d. THE BIRD-FANCIER'S GUIDE AND COMPANION, contain- ing plain directions for breeding and keeping canaries, goldfinch and linnet mules, and other birds in general; with a frontispiece ; sewed, is. THE RABBIT KEEPER'S GUIDE: Containing plain and easy directions for successfully pursuing this employment; also, instructions for making rabbit houses and hutches, and for breed- ing and rearing fancy Rabbits-, and a variety of original and useful information. With neat engravings of several varieties of Rabbits, Hutches, &c. By J. ROGERS, Rabbit and Pigeon- keeper, is. in cloth; or 6d. sewed. THE PIGEON-KEEPER'S GUIDE; comprising, the Natural History of Pigeons, with their species and varieties ; the valuable sorts of Fancy Pigeons, their habits and properties; directions for breeding, feeding, and management; methods of treating their diseases, construction of dove cotes and pigeon-houses. By. J. Rogers. Neat engravings; embossed cloth, Is. — sewed, 6d. THE DOG-FANCIER'S GUIDE; containing instructions for the management of all kinds of Fancy and other Dogs; including the varieties of Field, Sporting, Water, House, and Yard Dogs; with engravings of the different kinds. Cloth, is.— Sewed, 6d. POULTRY-KEEPER'S GUIDE; showing the most approved methods of breeding, rearing, and feeding all kinds of Poultry; the nature, habits, and uses, of the several varieties of Domestic Fowl; best methods of preventing and curing the diseases to which they are liable, &c. By J. M. Moffatt. Neat engravings, embossed cloth, Is. — Sewed, 6d. READING LESSONS, FOR HOME AND DAY SCHOOLS; a series of progressive reading lessons, written in a familiar style, suited for a reading and class book for young children. By a Lady. — With numerous engravings, 6d. sewed. POETRY LESSONS, FOR HOME AND DAY SCHOOLS; selected from various authors, and adapted to Children of different ages. By a Lady. With a neat frontispiece, 6d. sewed. THE LAND-SURVEYOR's READY RECKONER: or Gentle man and Farmer's Guide to Land Measure ; showing, at one view, the contents of any piece of Land, from the eighteenth part of an Acre, to any number of Acres. By S. THURLOW. With expla- natory frontispiece. 2s. bound. COMPLETE CABINET MAKER, and Upholsterer's Guide, comprising the Principles of Cabinet-Making and Upholstery, with familiar instructions, illustrated by examples, for attaining a proficiency in the art of Drawing, as applicable to Cabinet work: the processes of Veneering, Inlaying, and Buhl -work; the art of dying and staining woods, ivory, bone, tortoiseshell, &c. directions for lackering, japanning, varnishing; to make French polish, glues, cements, and compositions; and a number of useful Re- ceipts, by J. STOKES. 3s. 6d. in cloth. AN ABSTRACT OF THE LAWS RESPECTING LANDLORDS, TENANTS, AND LODGERS; containing every necessary infor- mation respecting letting or taking houses; of taking, erecting, selling, or removing fixtures; payment and recovery of rent; notices to quit: the LAWS as they relate to LODGINGS; and the new Ejectment Act. By JAMES BISHOP, is. Cloth lettered, or 6d. sewed. MODERN GARDENER, being plain directions for forming, planting, and managing the Kitchen -garden, the Flower and Plea- sure garden, Fruit-garden, Hot-bed, Forcing-frame, and Green- house, according to the most improved modes now practised; with directions as to the proper soils, the time for and the methods of manuring, sowing, planting, training, pruning, grafting, and every necessary particular. With Introductory Observations, in which the nature and progress of vegetation are briefly explained. By T. PRICE, Nurseryman and Market-gardener. Fine plate, is. 6d. sewed. THE FAMILY RECEIPT BOOK; and New School of Arts: Containing directions for purifying water, — to destroy vermin, — to make cheap and wholesome drinks, — to preserve butter, eggs, milk, &c.— to cure all kinds of meat,— to make cements,— direc- tions for house- painting, — and making the cheap impenetrable paints for boarding and outside rough work ; the manures most easily made, and most beneficial to land, — and many other useful receipts, is. sewed. CRICKETER'S GUIDE; containing complete instructions to persons of all ages, for playing at this healthful and manly exer- cise.— Also, rules for playing with three or five players, as well as with a complete field. — With the Laws of the Game. By a member of the Mary-le-bone Club. Cloth, gilt edges, Is.; or 6d. sewed. THE BISCUIT BAKER, GINGERBREAD BAKER, and PASTRY- COOK'S ASSISTANT. Containing, upwards of 100 genuine Receipts for making all kinds of biscuits, pastry, or gingerbread; adapted for routs, balls, tea, wine, suppers, &c. By T. SHOESMITH, Biscuit Baker and Pastry-Cook, is. sewed. CATTLE KEEPER'S ASSISTANT; or, Farmer and Dairyman's Adviser in the choice and management of Neat Cattle, Sheep, and Swine: containing instructions fop-the choice of Stock; the choice and management of Milch Cows: approved methods of Feeding: the causes and symptoms of their Diseases, and best methods of cure. — By JAMES BISHOP. Neat frontispiece, Is. sewed. 14 DAY USE RETURN TO DESK FROM WHICH BORROWED | LOAN DEPT. This book is due on the last date stamped below, or on the date to which renewed. Renewed books are subipf>f ff> immpHiat-p recall. JOE ML LD 21A-45m-9,'67 (H5067slO)476B General Library University of California Berkeley