Repro Ne)

COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT:

DOGS AS HOME COMPANIONS

Dogs
as
Home Companions

A BOOK FOR ALL
DOG LOVERS

\ o” BY
AY FY HOCHWALT
\\
AUTHOR OF
“Dogeraft,” “The Pointer and the Setter in America,”
“The Modern Pointer,” ‘The Modern Setter,” ‘The
Working Dog and His Education,” “Practical
Dog Keeping for the Amateur,” “The Aire-
dale for Work and Show,” “Arrows of

Ambition,”’ ete.

1922
SporTSMAN’S DIGEST
Cincinnati, Ohio

JUL 26 1922

©c.A677655

Copyright, 1922
SrorTSMAN’S DIGEST
All Rights Reserved

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DEDICATION.

To all the many men, women and chil-
dren scattered about over all the world,

who love dogs and keep one or more as

their home companions.

“And in that town a dog was found,
As many dogs there be,

Both mongrel, puppy, whelf and hound
And curs of low degree.’—Goldsmith.

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Pate rt ied mS
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TABLE OF CONTENTS.

CuartTer I,
Suitable Breeds. Group One—Toys.. 1

CHAPTER II.
Suitable Breeds. Group Two—Ter-

Peta a ee aa er ne Waveho ie 16
CHAPTER III.

Suitable Breeds. Group Three—
Mesinmi-sized Hoge. 2 tet. 45
CHAPTER IV,

Rousing Problems: i. vis. er ian 67

CHAPTER V,

Becoming Acquainted—Early Lessons 16

CHAPTER VI.
The Food Question—When to Feed—
Frequency of Feeding—Water..... 87
CuaptTer VII.

I*xercise-—Grooming—Washing...... 9-4

CHAPTER lov tT

ier foresee mess) ree ted 105

Dogs as Home Companions

By A. F. HocH Watt.

INTRODUCTION.
[ee people are interested in

dumb animals, but every nor-
mal person loves a dog; it is the
heritage of the ages. The man or the
woman who hates a good dog is ab-
normal. There is something funda-
mentally wrong in their psychical
makeup. How often we hear of peo-
ple of this class who say they can see
nothing friendly or desirable in any
dog; that they are all alike; vicious
and treacherous. The story of the
man who writes articles in newspa-
pers and pamphlets advocating the
destruction of all dogs because they
are a menace to mankind is a com-
mon one in every part of the world.
Avstory 1s, told ot one of this class:—
a New England money lender — who
took great pains to besmirch the char-
acter of the dog in public and private.
His contention was that any dog

would bite, and as proof, circulated
a story that a little nondescript dog
actually followed him aboard a street
car and bit a piece out of his leg!
Perhaps this is the truth and on the
other hand, it may be manufactured
out of the whole cloth, but it is to be
hoped that it is so, for it only proves
what keen perceptions dogs have.
Every dog recognizes his friends
among humankind with one glance
at a person’s face. The dogis a better
student of human nature than any
other animal — biped or otherwise —
and the dog that shuns one person
and loves another knows from in-
stinct and perception how to distrib-
ute his likes and dislikes. ‘Therefore,
those who see nothing but viciousness
in the canine race have no one but
themselves to blame; the dog knows
his enemies at sight. ‘To that class
who are dog haters, this book is not
addressed and they are advised to lay
it aside before going farther.

There are many, however, who love
dogs, who understand them and ap-
preciate their many good qualities,
for Dogs as Home Companions, have
been cherished since time immemo-

rial. A dog is like one of the family
in many a household, for those who
really understand him are aware that
mentally he is not far removed from
the human race, and emotionally is
practically the latter’s equal.

Perhaps some may smile at this as-
sertion, but nevertheless it is a fact.

This book is for the dog lover; not
he who raises dogs for show purposes
or as a commercial pursuit, though
that is a most laudable enterprise,
but he who loves the companionship
of an intelligent dog and appreciates
him for his real qualities as a home
companion. As guardian of the
house, a faithful ally to share in the
joys and the sorrows of the house-
hold; or as a boon companion of the
children. In short, a dog which is,
to all intents and purposes, “‘one of
WS.

There” are many people in the
world, of this class, and as many more
who would have a dog, if they knew
how to keep one, for deep down in
their subconsciousness the love of the
dog is there. To those, this book may
be of help; it may prove that a dog
in the home ts like a regenerating 1n-

fluence; and many a family needs
regeneration.

There are still many more who feel
that they would like a dog for home
and children if one could be kept in
the city in a satisfactory manner. It
is true that the dweller in flats could
not ‘have a St. Bernard or a Great
Dane tagging about with him, but in
many a Hat small dogs are harbored
and live their lives in the companion-
ship of their human friends as hap-
pily, if not more so, than those dogs
which live in kennels.

I have no brief for the hot-house
dog, however, or those that are not
living at least part of the time in the
open, if it is necessary to give him the
entire run of the house, the best
chairs to lounge upon day and night,
or perchance, the center of a.nice,
clean counterpane in the best bed-
room. That is not my idea of keeping
a dog, but nevertheless there is no
reason why any person should live a
dogless life simply because his home
is in the city.

The dog lover, intending to become
the owner of the dog, should first con-
sider the facilities he has for keeping

one and after the pros and cons have
been carefully gone over, when a
thorough inventory of the situation
has been taken, then he should decide
what breed is best suited for his par-
ticular case. That is the object of
this book; to investigate the various
breeds suitable for city life, to point
out the best way to care for the dog in
health and in disease and to give such
little hints about dog keeping that
the novice or one-dog owner may put
to good use under any contingency
that may arise during the life of his
pet.

CHAPTER I.
Suitable Breeds. Group One—Toys.
Mo depends upon the environ-

ment of the prospective dog
owner, as to what breed he may satis-
factorily adopt for his home. Dwell-
ers in city flats or those living where
yard room is circumscribed by nar-
row limits, could not think of a St.
Bernard, a Great Dane, a _ blood-
hound, or, even the medium-sized
breeds, consequently it becomes man-
ifest that he must make his choice
from among the toys or smaller va-
rieties. Suburbanites and others liv-
ing on country places, on the other
hand, may prefer a more serviceable-
looking dog than the diminutive, but
alert specimens that come under the
head of toys, consequently, to aid the
novice in making his selection of a
suitable canine home companion, |
have classified the most popular
breeds in groups according to their
size and general characteristics.

2 Dogs as Home Companions

TRE’ PEKINGESE SPANIEL, TY, TOU.

Pre-eminent among the small va-
rieties is the fashionable Pekingese.
He 1s, in the strict classification a toy,
it ds-true. The reader may sneer ,at
the word “toy” and fancy that the
Peke, as he is popularly called, ’is ‘as
useless and difficult to rear as the
proverbial hot-house plant, but such
is not the case. He is a hard, strong,
easy-to-raise animal, and one of'the
gamest for his inches of any breed in
existence. His shaggy mane, resem-
bling that of a lion, his dark markings

Suitable Breeds—Tovys 3

about muzzle and eyes, and his tawny
coat, together with his sturdy frame,
suggest a big little dog, and he 1s all
of that. He makes an excellent watch
dog, because he is always keen and
alert and the slightest noise day or
night will cause him to give the signal
by his loud and rather raucous bark.
There is something formidable look-
ing about the Peke as he approaches
the stranger, who dares invade the
sacred precincts of his mistress or
master, and as an alarm there are
few small dogs that are superior.

The Pekingese sprang into popu-
larity within the last twenty years,
though he is said to be one of the
oldest of Chinese breeds, from which
country he was introduced into E:ing-
land and then to America where he
soon became the vogue, and some of
the wealthy people of the East paid
almost fabulous figures for good speci-
mens. While prices are now more
within reason for good specimens, the
Peke Cannot “be, classed: asa “poor
man’s dog,” although it is possible, -
nowadays, to go to some of the ken-

| Dogs as Home Companions

nels making this breed a specialty and
buy a ‘waster’ at a reasonable figure.
By waster is meant a specimen that,
while true to his blood characteristics
and in every sense as well bred as the
winners, is not good enough to win
on the bench. ‘The person buying a-
Peke for a companion only, however,
will get as much satisfaction in owning
a well-bred non-winner as he probably
would if he had a great champion.
At the present time the fancy 1s breed-
ing them as small as possible and the
larger ones are not in as great de-
mand, though they often come weigh-
ing as high as eighteen pounds when
matured. The novice dog-owner
would not find a fifteen to eighteen-
pound Pekingese objectionable, how-
ever, for a house dog, though as a
show performer he would likely be
unnoticed. As a matter of fact, the
fancy is now breeding them so small
that their usefulness as a house dog
is practically bred away. In buying
specimens of this breed for house
companions I would suggest one go-
ing over the ten-pound weight. First

Suitable Breeds—Toys 5

because breeders will always gladly
dispose of those that “come large”
at a more reasonable figure, and sec-
ondly because they are more hardy
and useful. It is the under ten-pound
weight specimens that are the show
dogs, and the smaller the better, it
seems.

The Pomeranian is another dog —
which came into popularity within
the past quarter of a century and is
a close second to the Peke as a show
dog today. The Pomeranian is a
smaller edition of the old-time white
Spitz dogs which were so popular
about forty or fifty years ago. In
breeding them down to the present
size | have my doubts of the good that
was accomplished, though there is no
gainsaying the fact that a good Pom-
eranian of the very small type is a
“foxy” specimen in the show ring.
They come in all colors; black, sable
white, blue mottled and in fact, in
any shade imaginable. Indeed it has
been said that the fashionable thing
nowadays for ladies is to have a Pom
of every shade to match their gowns,

6 Dogs as Home Companions

though this is somewhat overdrawn,
notwithstanding the numerous colors
to be obtained.

The novice, buying a Pom for a
companion only, and not for show,
will be able to secure one of the larger
specimens at a reasonable price much
more readily than he would the very
small ones, for, as in the case of the
Pekes, the smaller the dog the better
the show specimen, though naturally
the animal must possess show points.
“Foxy” in appearance describes the
Pomeranian to a nicety. With full,
fluffy coat, bushy tail, carried over
an extremely short back, sharp nose,
snappy, small black eyes and an erect
ear, he is in every sense of the word
a dog with a fox-like expression. At
shows they are usually classified as
dogs not exceeding eight pounds and
those over this weight, though the
larger the dog, the less chances he has
of winning. For utility purposes, the
overweight dogs will answer as well,
if not better than the extremely small
show specimens. Pomeranians, if
properly reared, after once attaining
maturity are usually hardy.

-' Suitable Breeds—Toys %

THE BLENHEIM SPANIEL, CH. ROLLO.

The English Toy Spaniel, though a
very handsome, long-coated animal,
is not quite so popular as the two fore-
going breeds, but they are as easily
reared, provided they do not come
from stock that has been pampered
by generations of coddling. ‘The
breed is divided into four varieties:
the Blenheim, or white and orange;
the Prince Charles, or tri-color (white,

8 Dogs as Home Companions

black and tan); the ruby, or red;
and the King Charles, or black and
tan. All are equally handsome, but
as a rule they are not as alert, or
active, nor do I think as intelligent,
as some of the other breeds, though
there are exceptions and | have seen
specimens of these varieties, reared
in out-door kennels and accustomed
to exercising in the open, winter and
summer, that proved to be hardy and
as active as a sporting spaniel. This
is the exception rather than the rule,
however, for many specimens will be
encountered that are very poor
movers.

The Japanese Spaniel at one time
gave indications of becoming a very
popular toy breed, but was super-
seded by the Pekes and Poms. No
doubt much of this was due to the fact
that the Japs are not a particularly
hardy breed, they are more of the real
lap-dog genus than most any of the
toy varieties; they lack 1n action and
seem to be well content to lie in a
basket of silk cushions most of their
lives, or preferably in the laps of their

Suitable Breeds—Toys 9

fond mistresses. In appearance they
resemble somewhat the English Toy
Spaniels, though less sprightly, as a
general thing. ‘The Jap carries his
tail or plume over his back while that
of the toy spaniel is docked. The
color, according to the standard, may
be black and white, red and white, or
parti-colored. ‘The term red in this
instance includes all shades of sable,
brindle, lemon and orange, but the
brighter the colors the more desirable
the specimen. ‘The white ground
should be a pure chalk white, not of
the milky or creamy color often seen
in other breeds. At large shows the
classification is divided under seven
pounds and over seven pounds, and
it may be readily observed that a
Japanese spaniel under seven pounds
will not make a very formidable
guardian of the home.

The Toy Poodle, while never taking
the dog-world by storm, has held his
own for many years. He is a very
active dog, inclined to be cross and
snappy very frequently, and therefore
an uncertain equation with children,

10 Dogs as Home Companions

but he is very keen and the slightest
noise will attract his attention. The
standard calls for dogs under ten
pounds in weight for the toy varieties,
though there is a large poodle, which,
however, does not come within the
scope of this group. The toy poodle,
while not as hardy as some breeds,
can nevertheless stand considerable
hardships ard when he 1s reared like
his larger brethren and not petted and
pampered until health and vitality
are gone, he is an easy dog to keep.
The greatest objection some have to
him is, that because his coat is white
he is difficult to care for, which to a
certain extent, is the truth. His coat
should be curly, but wiry in texture.
In action the dog is quick, proud and
graceful.

The Jtalian Greyhound is another
old breed; in fact he is one of the old-
est among the toys. He is in every
sense of the word, a miniature grey-
hound and good specimens are ex-
tremely graceful. Because of his short
coat and his generally slight appear-
ance he is a dog that will not permit of

Suitable Breeds—Toys iy

much exposure, though those. who
breed them say that the Italian grey-
hound will stand the cold and the in-
clement winter of the north as well
as any of the toy breeds, which state-
ment is rather doubtful. For a clean,
neat dog about the house, however,
he is very commendable. In the mat-
ter of intelligence he does not grade
up with some of the other varieties
described, although he is very alert
and watchful.

The Toy Black and Tan Terrier 1s
another breed that is rather difficult
to rear, although his short black and
tan soft coat commends him as an
indoor dog, for he is clean at all times
and only a slight brushing once a day
will keep him in condition. They
have been breeding this variety so
small that most of the specimens seen
at the present time, have become ap-
» ple-headed and they are as lacking in
intelligence as they are in appearance.
However, a black and tan weighing
over ten pounds makes an excellent
dog, many of them becoming keen
ratters, though it 1s to be understood

12 Dogs as Home Companions

that the small ones would not do for
that purpose. Personally, if I wished
to have a black and tan at all, I should
take the Manchester, of which the toy
black ‘and: tan is a miniature. lhe
breed is not very popular in this coun-
try or England at the present time.

Among the toy terrier varieties
must be included also, the Yorkshire,
the Maltese and the kindred varieties.
These are very pretty specimens for
the fancier of oddities, but they re-
quire untold care to keep them in con-
dition, both as to coat and flesh, hence
the time spent upon them as house
companions is scarcely worth the re-
turns that one obtains.

The Brussel Griffon is another
foreign dog that seemed to evoke con-
siderable interest some years ago, but
this breed also is an oddity. Heisa
monkey-faced, hard-coated dog with
the pronounced whisker and the gen-
eral wire appearance of broken-
coated terriers. His weight ranges to
nine pounds as the maximum for
“bie” dogs, while for the smaller vari-
eties, itis six pounds. It may readily

Suitable Breeds—Toys 13

be seen from this that the breed is
more ornamental than useful, but a
livelier, more active little dog cannot
be imagined than this diminutive egrif-
fon whose place of origin is said to be
Belgium.

THE. SsCHIPPERCKE. ‘TOGO.

Another Belgian dog is the Schip-

_ percke, a terrier-like animal of about
ten pounds in weight. Very fiery and
quick to take offense, he is not a suit-
able dog for children, but as a watch
dog he will give the alarm at the
slightest noise; furthermore, he is not
averse to backing up his bark with his

14 Dogs as Home Companions

bite. He is a very faithful dog, and
once he becomes attached to one per-
son or a family, he will remain faith-
‘ful unto death. That is one of the
features that appeals to most of. us
and one is apt to forgive his short-
comings. Very few kennels are now
breeding this variety in America. The
dog is black in color, with a wiry-like
coat, and a well pronounced mane.
His nose is sharp, his eyes small and
black and his ears erect. The dog is
a tailless variety; although only a
small percentage of the puppies are
born with this mutilation. The oth-
ers have their tails removed, or gouged
out when they are quite young, in
fact this should be done before they
leave their dam. In selecting a puppy
it is well to take one with not a show
of white hair and see that the ears
are small, the back short, the coat
dense, the eyes well set, and showing
that “foxy” expression which is so
characteristic of this breed and the
Pomeranian.

The Pug, once a very popular breed,
has now practically gone out of vogue,

Suitable Breeds—Toys 15

although indications point to its re-
suscitation. The breed, speaking in
broad terms, is not a particularly in-
telligent one, though the dog’s short
coat, his cleanly habits, and his gen-
erally odd appearance stamped him
one of the favorites of three decades
ago, and it is possible that he may re-
turn to favor once more.

CHAPTER M.

Suttable Breeds. Group Two—Terriers.

HE terrier family is a large one

in all its ramifications, and the
embryo dog lover, wishing to possess
one of this variety will have a wide
field to go over. ‘The terrier should
have more action than the toy vari-
eties and if it is possible, a place
should be provided where he can romp
out of doors for at least two or three
hours a day. If that 1s not feasible,
then he must be taken to some park
or open place where he can run and
exercise, for a terrier that is kept con-
fined is as entirely out of his environ-
ment as a fish would be out of water.

Among the many breeds of terriers,
there are a number which enjoy equal
popularity. The Boston Terrier is the
great American product; he 1s strictly
an evolution of this country and has
grown in popularity in keeping with
his qualities. “he Boston is a clean,
well-knit dog of trappy appearance,
with a'short head that is a mean be-
tween the bulldog and the terrier ex-

Suitable Breeds—Terriers 17

KEARN’S LORD KITCHENER.

pression, if such a thing can be. He
comes in various weights up to
twenty five pounds, and, as a matter
of fact, one finds them going as high
as thirty and thirty-five, for the Bos-
ton is a mixture and does not always
throw true to type. The present ac-
cepted dictum is, however, that the
maximum weight should be twenty-
five pounds. At dog shows the
weights are divided by classes under
fifteen pounds, fifteen pounds and

18 Dogs as Home Companions

under twenty, twenty pounds and not
exceeding twenty-five. The demand
for the smaller weights seems greatest,
but one finds more uniformity in the
medium weights —that is, from fif-
teen to twenty pounds. ‘The Boston
terrier may be good for no practical
purposes, but he is alert and will prove
to be a fair guardian of the home. The
appeal with this dog is his absolute
trimness, his clean cut appearance,
and his short coat. For people living
in flats he is one of the most desirable
dogs. In purchasing one of this breed
it is well to see the dog before paying
the money. While there are unscru-
pulous dealers of all breeds, it seems
that more irresponsible people have
taken up the sale of this breed than
any other... 1. do: not mean by -this
that there are not a large number of
very responsible breeders, but it is the
dealer — the vendor of dogs — whose
word cannot always be taken at face
value, therefore, in buying any breed,
see that you are obtaining what you
are paying for, and in buying a Bos-
ton, be sure of it from every angle.

Suitable Breeds—Terriers 19

THE SMOOTH-COATED FOX TERRIER,
CH. SABINE RECRUIT.

Fox Terriers, both wire-haired and
smooth, are also very popular in this
country, the former probably more
so at the present time than the
latter, although the smooth is much
more easily kept, is just as keen
and alert, makes a varmint dog
the. equal of any, and. as-.a house
companion has many advantages
over his wire-haired cousin; the
latter is a beautiful dog when his
coat is kept just right, but if not, he
is an abomination. Incidentally it

20 Dogs as Home Companions

may be-said that it 1s both a science
and an art to keep the coats of any of
the broken-haired varieties of ter-
riers in good order.

THE WIRE-HAIRED FOX TERRIER,
CH. PRIDE’S HILL TWEAK ’EM.

In temperamental characteristics ,
there is little difference, if any, be-
tween the smooth and the wire-haired
varieties, and if the dog is to be kept
in the house mostly, perhaps the
former would prove more satisfac-
tory. Prices of both of these varieties
have been soaring here of late, but

Suitable Breeds—Terriers 21

this refers only to the show specimens.
It is always possible to procure a
“waster” either because he does not
conform to the show standard in the
finer points, 1s Oversize, or for some
other reason. ‘The fox terrier, as in
fact practically all terriers, except the
toy varieties and possibly Bostons,
are men’s dogs, and they can furnish
considerable sport if they are trained
on various kinds of “varmints.” In
this connection it might be said that
they take to this class of work very
readily, as they have been specifically
bred for this purpose since the earliest
days.

The Irish Terrier, is a wire-coated
dog, usually brick red or wheaten in
color. He is a handsome dog, but
like the wire-haired fox terrier, his
coat must be kept right. For game-
ness, there are few terriers his equal
and he has been rightly named “Dare-
devil.” The Irish terrier is a trifle
larger in size than the fox terrier. He
has all of that varminty look, that
fiery eye and alert expression, indi-

22 Dogs as Home Companions

THE IRISH TERRIER, CELTIC DEMON.

cative of the dog of quick action, and
furthermore, he is a most intelligent
animal and makes one of the best dogs
for the home that may be imagined.
Since the rise in popularity of some
of the other smaller terrier breeds, the
Irish has fallen somewhat in the est1-
mation of the fanciers, but those
who have bred him for years and
have a specimen or two about would
not part with the fiery Irishman for
all of the other terriers combined.

Suitable Breeds—Terriers 23

The Irish terrier answers in many
respects the call for an all-purpose
dog, except that he is not so large as
the Airedale and therefore could not
hold his own in fighting big game,
though for his inches, no better dog
ever lived, and I have, on one or two
occasions, seen Irish terriers in bear
packs which proved to be just as valu-
able as some of the larger breeds;
they were certainly just as game, and
being very quick and shifty, they
could do considerable damage and
still come away uninjured, where a
larger dog might suffer the conse-
quences of his temerity. The Irish
terrier is essentially the dog for those
who do not care to keep an Airedale,
but want one as game and as fearless
as any dog that lives.

Still another breed that comes be-
tween the small terriers and the Aire-
dale is the Welsh Terrier. A dog that
in many points resembles the Aire-
dale, particularly in texture and color
of coat, although the head is of some-
what different formation. Welsh ter-
riers never became common in this

24 Dogs as Home Companions

country. Possibly because of the
rapid rise of the Airedale and partly
because he was not exploited like
some of the other breeds. For the
person wanting but one dog, how-
ever, the Welsh terrier is an excellent
companion, a good watch dog with
all the terrier proclivities, such as go-
ing to earth for game, and just as keen
on rats and other small furred ani-
mals as the other varieties.

To the uninitiated the Welsh ter-
rler is a muniature Airedale. In
height he should be about sixteen
inches, but should not have the ap-
pearance of being leggy, nor on the
other hand, of standing too low on the
leg. The markings —that is, color
and coat, are similar to the Airedale;
black or grizzle saddle, with tan head,
legs and underbody. Like in Aire-
dales, the rich deep tan and jet black
bodies are most admired. His aver-
age weight should be about twenty-
two pounds, though a pound one way
or the other is not a handicap. While
white is not desirable, a small spot on
the breast or toes does not disqualify.

Suitable Breeds—Terriers 25

A dog that attracted quite a bit
of attention at the New York show
of 1922, was the Kerry Blue Terrier.
There were only half a dozen speci-
mens of the breed shown and as far
as this country is concerned, it is a
new variety, although it is said that
it is one of the oldest of Irish breeds.
The dog is essentially an Irish terrier
in a blue-gray wire coat. It is said
that the modern brick colored or
wheaten Irish terrier is descended
from the Kerry blue and that by gen-
erations of selection in breeding the
red coats were finally obtained, but
it seems that fashion is again going
back to the original colors and that
is how it transpires that the Kerry
blues are coming into vogue. ‘This
terrier has all the good qualities of the
more modern reds. ‘To the dog lover
wishing to own a dog that is somewhat
out of the ordinary, the Kerry blue
will appeal, though owing to the pres-
ent scarcity, it is quite likely that
prices will run high. |

co
op)

Dogs as Home Companions

THE WEST HIGHLAND WHITE TERRIER, MOROVA.

A very desirable small terrier which
came into vogue twelve or fifteen
years ago, is the West Highland:
White Terrier, one of the border va-

Suitable Breeds—Terriers 24

rieties said to be of ancient origin,
but brought to his present perfection .
by scientific breeding and selection.
The general appearance of the West
Highland white terrier, as we know
the breed today, is that of a small,
game, hardy-looking terrier, pos-
sessed of considerable self esteem, and
like all good terriers, has that “var-
minty” appearance that is such a dis-
tinguishing mark of this group of
dogs. He is a stockily built animal,
showing strength from every angle,
short legs, deep in the chest, with ribs
extending well to the powerful loin;
very strong in quarters and in fact,
with all of his strength, he impresses
one as having considerable activity,
which he really has, for there is no
quicker and more nimble terrier on
four feet than the West Highlander
when it comes to a fight with rats or
other “varmints,” even much larger.

The color of the West Highlander
is pure white; any other color, the
creamy or grey shade, is objection-
able. The coat is also very impor-
tant and fanciers of the breed are

28 Dogs as Home Companions

more particular about this feature
than any other. As a matter of fact,
a coat that meets with the perfection
that the standard calls for, is rare in-
deed. We hear much of the so-called
double-coat, but in this breed it is
demanded. The outer coat consists
of harsh hair, about two inches long
and absolutely free from curl. The
under coat, which resembles fur, 1s
shor soit cand. close; « It isa real
weather-resisting jacket such as we
want on Airedales and various other
wire-coated terriers, but which 1s
found so seldom, even in this variety.

The West Highlander weighs from
twelve to eighteen pounds; bitches
usually ranging from the minimum
figure to sixteen pounds, while the
dogs average about two pounds more
to the maximum weight. In height
they measure from eight to twelve
inches at the shoulder. For the pros-
pective owner, who does not object to
white dogs nor to the long coat, the
West Highlander white terrier will
make an excellent companion, though
his comparative scarcity will prob-

Suitable Breeds—Terriers 29

ably keep the prices at a high figure
for some time to come.

A near relative to the West High-
lander is the Cairn Terrier, a dog of
similar size and characteristics of the
other Scottish varieties. The dog is
not very popular at this date, but be-
ing a newly cultivated, though an old
breed, the prices are still prohibitive.
In all essentials, however, the Cairn
terrier will fill the same place as any
of the small terriers.

The ever popular Scottish Terrier,
or Scottie, as he is more affectionately
called, is virtually one of the near
relatives of the two breeds just de-
scribed. He has been long and slow
in coming to his own in this country,
but having once attained a foothold
in America he is likely to retain his
place when many of the creations of
faddists are forgotten. He has been
becoming more popular every year
as a show dog, though he never will
attain the popularity accorded some
of the other terrier breeds. What is
more significant, however, he is rap-

‘GUIVI AHL ‘HO ‘UAIWAAL HSILLOOS AHL

Suitable Breeds—tT erriers a

idly making himself more and more
endeared to the one-dog owner. As
a companion about the premises, the
house or the stables, the Scottie is par
excellence. A first class vermin dog,
an alert watchman and game to the
core, the Scottie will indeed fill the
requirements of anyone wishing to
own one small dog, for size and all
other conditions must sometimes be
taken into consideration.

The general appearance of the
Seottie is that of a’ sharp, ‘bright;
active dog. His expression is his dis-
tinguishing mark, for he 1s always on
the qui vive, ready, as it were, “for
something to turn up.” ‘The head is
carried well up. He appears to be
higher on the leg than he really 1s;
this is due to his short, wiry coat,
which is like bristles, and about two
inches long all over the body. He
has a compact appearance, neverthe-
less, his legs seem to be endowed with
almost an abnormal amount of bone.
His back is short, his ribs well sprung,
his loin and quarters well filled up
and in every essential, he is power-

32 Dogs as Home Companions

fully put together. He carries his
ears erect and they are always alert.
His eyes are small and of a very dark
hazel color, his tail, which is never
docked, is about seven inches long and
is carried with a slight upward bend,
which under excitement is apt to be
carried still more gaily. In height he
should be from nine to twelve inches
and in weight the maximum is twenty
pounds. Dogs going over that are
considered too large. Of recent years
this breed has been becoming more
popular in all parts of the country and
at the present time good specimens
may be bought at a very reasonable
figure; that is, puppies at weaning
age, or a little later. Naturally, more
matured dogs, with the earmarks of
becoming bench show flyers would
still command a price that the aver-
age one-dog owner would not care to
pay for a mere home companion. The
breed is very intelligent and easily
broken to all the natural pursuits of
the terrier.

Suitable Breeds—tT erriers 33

THE SEALYHAM TERRIER, BARBERRYHILL
GIN RICKEY.

The Sealyham Terrier is another
breed that has come into popularity
recently, and with an active club here
in America to foster it, it has made
rapid strides during the past four or
five years. In the eyes of the tyro he
is a short-legged, over-weighted wire-
haired fox terrier, although the stand-
ard emphasizes the fact that he should
not resemble the latter breed either
in character, expression or shape and
such resemblance “should be heavily
penalized.” As a matter of fact, in
head properties there is nothing to in-
dicate the fox terrier in a Sealyham
of correct type. His head is of a dif-

34 Dogs as Home Companions

ferent formation. The skull is wide
between the ears and as the dog is
describes as being the ideal combina-
tion of the Dandie Dinmont and the
bull terrier of twenty pounds in
weight, this skull formation is sup-
posed to be the mien between the two.
it is slightly domed and rounded,
with practically no stop and a slight
indentation running down between
the brows. The jaws are long, power-
ful and level, much wider and heavier
than in the fox terrier. The nose is
black and the nostrils wide apart. The
ears are of medium size and ‘set low,
carried closely against the cheek,
which characteristic is insisted upon
since a forward ear carriage would
resemble a fox terrier too much. The
coat 1s dense and wiry; longer than
that in which the wire-haired fox ter-
rier is usually shown, and it should be
especially profuse on head, neck and
throat. ‘The body is compact and the
tail is docked and must be carried
gaily. The color should be a white
ground although patches of lemon,
tan, brindle or badger-pied markings

Suitable Breeds—Terriers 35

are permissible on head and ears,
though black spots are objectionable
and while they do not absolutely dis-
qualify, dogs with such markings
should be severely penalized. ‘The
size of the dogs should be from nine
to twelve inches and bitches slightly
less. Weight in this breed 1s not any
particular criterion and very fre-
quently a ten-inch dog may be so
compactly and sturdily built that he
might weigh twenty-four pounds,
while a larger one of rangier type
could easily go considerably less. ‘The
Sealyham’s sphere is similar to that
of the other short-legged terrier
breeds; indeed, there are so many
dogs of similar characteristics that
the question has frequently been
asked, “Why is a Sealyham?”

The Dandie Dinmont antedates
the Sealyham by many years and 1s
a dog which became famous in litera-
ture. It will be remembered by those
who read Walter Scott that the hero
for which the breed was named is
Dandie Dinmont, one of the noted

"Ul “LAMOW1E “HO ‘AAIMAAL LNOWNIG ACNVG AHL

Suitable Breeds—Terriers BW

personages in “Guy Mannering.”
The quaint character is well drawn in
this novel of Sir Walter, but his dogs,
Mustard and Pepper, and Old Mus-
tard and Old Pepper, etc., are even
more minutely described.. No doubt
at that time this type of terrier was
quite common in the border country,
but 1t remained for dog fanciers to
fix the name upon this particular va-
riety. |

The size of the Dandie is eight to
eleven inches at the shoulder and the
length of the dog measuring from the
top of the shoulder to the root of the
tail should not be more than twice
the dog’s height, preferably one or
two inches less. Weight ranges from
fourteen to twenty-four pounds, but
the ideal weight is about eighteen
pounds. These weights are estimated
for dogs that are in good working con-
dition. ‘The color is mustard and
pepper and it was because of these
uniform and pronounced colors that
the quaint farmer in Scott’s novel
could not get away from the names;
all of them, as previously said, were

38 Dogs as Home Companions
Mustards and Peppers, either young
or old. The pepper in the present-
day Dandie Dinmont ranges from
dark bluish to a silvery grey, but the
intermediate shades are preferred.
The Mustards vary from reddish
brown to a pale fawn, the head being
a creamy white. Nearly all speci-
mens have a patch of white on the
breast.

The coat is the important point,
and characterizes the Dandie Din-
mont. ‘The hair should be about two
inches long; that from the skull to
the root of the tail, a mixture of hard
and soft hair, which gives a crisp feel
to the hand, but the hard hair should
not be wiry as in most broken-
haired terriers; the coat is in every
sense of the word what is called piley.
The hair on the under: part of the
body is softer and lighter in color than
on top. The skin on the under body
should accord with the color of the
dog.

The Dandie Dinmont is an odd
looking creature, but game to the core
and a vermin dog. He is also an ex-

Suitable Breeds—T erriers 39

cellent watch dog and does not hesi-
tate to attack an intruder who might
presume to trespass upon his master’s
domain. To those who want a rather
out of the ordinary looking dog the
Dandie Dinmont will be the answer,
for he will not only attract attention,
but also fill every requirement.

The Bedlington is coated very
much like the Dandie Dinmont, but
stands up higher on the leg. He 1s
described as the smartest, the largest
and the gamest of the English ter-
riers, but this was before the advent
of the Airedale. His height is from
fifteen to sixteen inches at shoulder,
his back is slightly arched, while the
dogs average in weight about twenty-
four pounds, the bitches going slightly
less. ‘The origin of this dog 1s said to
be in crosses in which the Dandie
Dinmont and probably the otter
hound might have figured. In this
respect he approaches the Airedale in
his early history. ‘The Bedlington
never became popular in this country
and as a matter of fact, even in Eng-
land he is not found in great numbers.

40) Dogs as Home Companions

WAR CHIEF OF DAVISHILL.

The Airedale is the largest of the
terrier varieties. Indeed, he is such
a large dog that he does not really be-
long in that class, for while possessing
most of all the other terrier attributes,
he does not go to earth for his quarry
and this, in the strictest sense is what
all terriers are supposed to do. Be
that as.it may, the Airedale has be-
come the most popular of allround
dogs, not only here in America, but
in every part of the world. Whether
or not too much “refinement” in
breeding this dog for bench show pur-

Suitable Breeds—Terriers 4]

poses will eventually ruin him for the
allround utility dog that he is, still
remains a mooted question, but one
thing is quite certain; he has found
a place in the hearts of sportsmen and
this class will always breed types which
will retain their usefulness, hence
the history of this breed here in Amer-
ica may eventually parallel that of the
English setter, in that there are two
types — one for actual use, the other
for show only. It seems assured,
however, that the useful Airedale and
the fined-down show dog are growing
wider apart each year. ‘The reader
who is especially interested in the
Airedale, is referred to my previous
book, “The Airedale for Work and
Show.”

The Bull Terrier, a smooth coated
white dog, makes an attractive animal
for the premises. He may not be so
certain as a companion for children
unless brought up in their company
from puppyhood, but he is a good ver-
min dog and also a watchful guardian
of the home. A pure bred white bull
terrier without the admixture of bull-

42 Dogs as Home Companions

dog blood like one finds so many
among the brindled varieties, com-
mands a good price, but he is worth
the money. Because of his pure white
color he may not be so easily kept
immaculately clean, but having a
short coat, he is easily washed and in
his case frequent bathing can do little
or no harm, which cannot be said of
a number of breeds.

ie Maas al ee Big

Suitable Breeds. Group Three—
Medium-Sized Dogs.

S with the terrier varieties, there

is a wide field for selection among

the medium-sized dogs, both sporting
and non-sporting; consequently much
depends upon what the dog is in-
tended for. If any of the members
of the household are inclined to sports
afield, then one of the many varieties
of spaniels would make a suitable
house companion, for aside from be-
ing an alert watch dog, he is a natural
all round hunter and is equally good
on upland game as on water fowl.
Spaniels make excellent retrievers,
very good grouse and quail dogs where
the mere questing for and finding of
game 1s desired, but naturally the dog
should be educated for the purpose.
Unlike the pointer, the setter, or the
eritfon, the spaniel does not point, but
finds the game and flushes it in front
of the sportsman; in view of this fact
he must be trained to quest within

44 Dogs as Home Companions

eun range. This, however, is easily
taught the spaniel, for all of the many
varieties are intelligent animals and
therefore easily educated” A spaniel
makes an excellent dog for ladies who
enjoy field shooting, for the reason
that he is so much more™easily
handled than any of the bird dog va-
rieties, and peculiarly amenable to
the gentler sex.

As a guardian of the home the
spaniel might not strike terror to the
hearts of unwelcome intruders, like
some of the terrier or other breeds,
but they are good watch dogs, quick
to give the alarm upon the approach
of strangers,-and besides, they are
very docile and cleanly about the
premises. ‘here may be some objec-
tion to the long coat, on the ground
that if the animal is shedding, he 1s
prone to leave stray hairs on rugs and
furniture, but in this connection it
might be said that daily grooming will
ameliorate this evil to a great extent,
for after all is said, a dog that is al-
lowed to frequent the house even dur-
ing only a small part of the day, must

Medium-Sized Dogs ' 45

be kept clean whetherhc isalongora
short-haired one.

Of the many varieties of spaniel, the
Cocker is the most popular. They
come in all colors; solid blacks, reds,
creams, orange and browns, but if of
the latter color, it should be of a rich
-liver and not the washed out shades
which sometimes crop out in a litter.
These off-color ones should be es-
chewed if one wishes to conform to
the standard. Neither should the
whole-colored dogs have white on
them, but a strip of this color on the
chest, while objectionable, should not
disqualify. ‘Uhe parti-colors are also
very handsome animals. ‘These are
white and black, liver and white,
orange and white, cream and white,
and roans; either blue or red.

The standard weight calls for cock-
ers ranging from eighteen to twenty-
four pounds. Here of late it has be-
come fashionable to breed them down
to the minimum weight, but this is
almost making toys of what was once
considered one of the principal sport-

Medium-Sized Dogs Af

ing breeds. If the prospective pur-
chaser intends to use his dog for sport-
ing purposes he is advised to select
one from stock.that will come nearer
reaching the maximum rather than
the minimum weight, for the eighteen
pound cocker is entirely too small for
utility purposes. As a matter of fact,
some years ago twenty-eight pounds
was the standard maximum weight
of working cockers which is really
more logical in a dog that is intended
for field work. At all events, it is bet-
ter to have a cocker over, than under
the weight allowed by the standard,
if one expects to make use of him

afield.

The cocker should be a _neat-
headed, wide-awake, serviceable look-
ing little dog, with rather large dark
eyes and an intelligent expression. He
should stand on strong, well-boned,
but short legs absolutely straight in
front, with well bent stifles behind.
His quarters should be muscular and
powerful, especially when viewed
from behind; short in body when
viewed from above, yet standing over

48 Dogs as Home Companions

considerable ground. He should, in
short, give one the impression of a
massive little dog, yet at the same.
time, he must have considerable speed
and endurance. ‘The coat is flat or
slightly wavy, silky and very dense,
with ample feather on legs and his feet
should also be well supplied with hair,
but the coat should never be curly.
The stern is usually docked to a
length of about two or three inches.
This should be carried just below the
level of the back and when the dog
is working or animated, its action
should be merry, but never carried
gaily.

The Field Spaniel may be described
as a larger edition of the cocker;
longer and lower in body in propor-
tion to his general make-up, but a
well-knit, massive dog, the males
weighing from thirty-seven to forty-
five pounds, the bitches about five
pounds less. ‘The true field spaniel is
always black, though his near kin is
the springer which comes in parti-
colors also. ‘There are various strains
of the springer spaniel, as for instance

Medium-Sized Dogs 49

the Welsh and the English, but in all
essentials they are identical. The
difference between the springer and
the field spaniel is that the former is
usually shorter in body and higher on
the leg. In the matter of intelligence
he is fully the equal of the cocker or
the field spaniel and for field work he
is probably the most practical of the
three, especially when it comes to re-
trieving waterfowl.

The Clumber Spanielsis the largest
of the land spaniels, the weight in
males ranging from fifty-five to sixty-
five pounds, the females from thirty-
hive to fifty pounds. He is a strong,
sturdy, compact dog, with profuse
coat, but a smaller ear of the V-shaped
variety. In color he must always be
white and lemon or white and orange,
ticks on the head or fore legs add to
his beauty. He should have few, if
any markings on his body. This va-
riety 1s not very numerous in this
country, though in many parts of
England he is used quite regularly as
a sporting dog.

50 Dogs as Home Companions

The Sussex is another variety of the
large land spaniels, smaller, however,
than the Clumber, weighing from
thirty-five to forty-five pounds. In
color he is a rich golden liver. In this
country he is practically unknown,
but he is numbered as among the
oldest of breeds in England.

The Irish Water Spaniel scarcely
comes within the province of this
book. He is a large dog, standing ~
well up on the leg. It is said that he 1s
a cross between the Irish setter and
the large poodle, but this may be all
conjecture. At all events he stands
as high at the shoulder as an [Irish
setter. In color he ‘is. liver; “any
white except on chest or toes, disqual-
ifies. His coat is a mass of short curls
back to his tail which should be en-
tirely free from feather. On his skull
he has a well-defined top-knot; in-
deed, this is one of the distinguishing
marks of the breed. As a house dog
he is almost too large though for wild
fowl retrieving under any and all
weather conditions, he is par excel-
lence. |

Medium-Sized Dogs 51

THE CHOW, LORD CHUMLEY.

Among the non-sporting medium-
sized breeds, the Chow Chow stands
preeminently to the forefront. He is
a Chinese breed, like the Pekingese,
and considering that he breeds very
true to type, it is possible that he is
of more ancient origin than many of
our much lauded “pure breeds” of

52 Dogs as Home Companions

England. The chow is given credit
for being a very intelligent animal;
he is a good house dog and a faithful
companion. In size he is about like
the old-fashioned Spitz dog from
which the Pomeranian is descended.
In color he should be either black,
red, yellow, blue, or white, but the
shade should run uniform except that
the underpart of the tail and inside
of thighs are frequently of a lighter
shade. He carries his tail curled
over his back; his coat should be
abundant, dense, straight and some-
what coarse in texture, with a soft,
wooly undercoat. His ears are car-
ried erect. He has a rather peculiar
sour expression and his eyes are dark
and small in all but the blues, in
which a light color is permissible.
One of the distinguishing features of
a chow is his tongue, which in pure
specimens is blue-black. His nose
should also be black, large and wide.

The chow became popular about a
quarter of a century ago, then for a
time the interest lagged, but of late
years his popularity seems to be in-

Medium-Sized Dogs 53

creasing once more. ‘The dog 1s per-
haps among what one might call the
high-priced varieties, but it 1s always
possible to buy a “‘waster” which will
answer the same purpose for a com-
panion as the perfect show dog. A
breeder of chows once said to me:
“This breed has all the oriental mys-
ticism about it that one finds in ev-
erything that comes from the Far
East; they seem to know what you
are thinking about and at times, as
they lie there on the rug, one imagines
they are actually going to speak and
tell you what they have on their
minds. But once your friend, a chow
is always your friend.”

The French Bulldog is another
breed that has come into great popu-
larity during the past fifteen years,
especially among the ladies. As far
as his actual usefulness is concerned,
we cannot say much, although his
admirers might probably take one to
task if this statement were made in
their presence. He makes a delight-
ful companion, smooth of coat and
clean in his habits. For the house

5+ Dogs as Home Companions

THE FRENCH BULLDOG, CH..GUGUSSE, JR.

he is probably one of the most de-
sirable breeds among the many, even
though his real utility might be ques-
tioned. However that may be, the
dog is popular and good specimens
command high prices.

In appearance the French bulldog
resembles the Boston in many re-
spects — that is, a Boston of the

Medium-Sized Dogs 55

heavier type and with uncut ears, but
he is more muscular and substantial
in appearance. His ears must be of
the pronounced “bat” variety; his
head, large, square and broad; skull
almost flat; the underjaw, like the
Finglhish bulldog, is large, powerful,
and undershot, with the muzzle well
laid back and the muscles of the
cheeks fully developed. The tail
should be either straight or screwed
(but not curly) short, and hung low.
The eyes are wide apart set low down
in the skull, as far away from the ears
as possible. Back must be short, the
chest broad, the forelegs straight and
muscular and wide apart, while the
hind legs should correspond in the
matter indicating strength. The
French bulldog standard calls for two
weights; dogs under twenty-two
pounds and those of twenty-two
pounds and not exceeding twenty-
eight. ‘The colors are any shade of
brindle, though the darker the better.
The novice looking for a good speci-
men, however, should be careful
about the absolute disqualifying

56 Dogs as Home Companions

points as for instance, other than bat
ears, any mutilation, solid black,
black and white, black and tan, liver
and mouse color, eyes of different
color (as they will come sometimes),
nose other than black and hare lip,
which is also a fault that frequently
crops up and many unscrupulous
breeders are apt to foist such unde-
sirable specimens upon the unsuspect-
ing novice who might be none the
wiser.

The English Bulldog is another of
the “manufactured breeds” so gro-
tesquely ugly that he is beautiful in
the eyes of some. The bulldog will
attract attention anywhere, but as to
his sphere of usefulness in these days
of his grotesque appearance, there is
always room for doubt. There was
once a time when the bulldog was a
shifty and useful animal, but as he
is at present bred, this quality has,
to a great extent disappeared with his
“improvement,” although his admuir-
ers will claim stoutly that he is a good
watch dog and quite intelligent. His
very artificiality makes him a dog

Medium-Sized Dogs a7

which is difficult to rear, being sus-
ceptible to various diseases to a much
greater degree than most of the more
normal breeds.

Everyone, even he who is only re-
motely interested in dogs, knows the
Badger Dog, if not under this name,
at least under his old appellation of
dachshund, by which he was known up
to the time of the World War when
his Teutonic origin was expediently
disguised under the name that he now
bears. Owing to his length of body
and his abbreviated legs he has always
been known as the original “‘sausage”’
dog, for his length of body 1s several
times his inches in height, which
should be, at shoulder, only from
71% to 81/5 inches. The weight is di-
vided at bench shows, as for instance,
dogs under sixteen and _ one-half
pounds, bitches under fifteen and one-
half pounds. Middleweights from
the maximum lightweight division to
twenty-two pounds. Heavyweights,
dogs and bitches over twenty-two
pounds.

The badger dog, while not classi-

‘apunysyoep oy} se UMOUy A[JIULIO} SEM paeIq SIyy
OUAA@NOULS NOA VHLINAEL HOLIA WAOGVA AHL

Medium-Sized Dogs 59

fied among the terriers, has the char-
acteristics of that family, for he goes
to ground for his quarry, and in every
other way shows his terrier charac-
teristics. On the other hand, he 1s
also a fairly good trailer and, like the
beagle, will hunt rabbits. As a house
companion he is intelligent and
cleanly; his short, satiny coat fitting |
him eminently for a ladies’ dog. ‘The
breed comes in a variety of colors:
black and tan, all tan, all red, yellow-
ish red and spotted in various shades.

The Beagle, while not to be con-
sidered a house dog, is small and may
be kept very nicely in a small place,
provided he is allowed to run and ex-
ercise in the open every day and 1s
given the opportunity to hunt his
favorite game—rabbits—frequently.
As a keen-nosed dog for his own
sphere he has no equal, and having
been bred for years with this sole pur-
pose in view, his intelligence 1s con-
centrated along these lines and not
toward making him an allround home
companion, but given the opportunity
and the human companionship, his

60 Dogs as Home Companions

THE BEAGLE HOUND. CH: IMPORTED CRUISER:

intelligence may be improved to a
wonderful degree. The beagle is in
every sense of the word a miniature
toxhound, ranging in height from nine
to fifteen inches which is the maxi-
mum; dogs over this height are dis-
qualified at bench shows and beagle
trials. ‘The classification in vogue at
the present time is dogs thirteen
inches and under, and dogs over thir-
teen and not over fifteen inches.

Medium-Sized Dogs 61

The Whippet, which is a miniature
English greyhound, is a neat, cleanly
dog, not perhaps a desirable com-
panion when all essentials of an in-
telligent dog are taken into considera-
tion, but he is a trim animal, very
distinguished in appearance, and
short of coat, hence he is worth con-
sidering on this account, if for no
other. At the present time the whip-
pet 1s coming into greater popularity,
mainly because of the fact that bench
show clubs are giving him ample
classification and further, because as
a racing dog he has gained quite a
vogue in some parts of the country.

Among the many intelligent non-
sporting dogs is the Large Poodle, a
dog somewhat larger than the chow.
He is in every sense of the word a
larger edition of the toy poodle, but
a much more useful dog because of his
size and superior intelligence. The
poodle is one of the most readily
trained dogs in existence today. As
a trick dog he has no equals and he
may be broken to retrieve from land
and water with the same facility as

— — — bene aad

‘THULSNIW GUVHOUO ‘HO “ATGOOd ATH AHL

Medium-Sized Dogs 63

any of the sporting retrievers or
spaniels. There are two varieties of
the poodle; the corded and the curly.
The latter is the more common and
also the more practical, for the corded
poodle’s coat is the most difficult of
any among the canine race, to care
for. The hair on the latter hangs
from the dog in long rope-like strands,
almost touching the ground and un-
less it is given daily attention it is
likely to become matted and soiled.
The corded poodle is covered with
short curls all over his body. It is
customary to clip them about one-
third; that is, the coat is left on head,
neck and front, extending well back
of the shoulders while the loin, hips
and back legs are closely clipped,
leaving a tuft here and there and on
the end of the docked tail. A well
cared for poodle makes a unique ap-
pearance. ‘The breed comes in all
black, all white, all blue and all red.
The colors should be solid — that 1s,
on blacks there should be no white
and vice versa.

A breed that promised to come into

64 Dogs as Home Companions

popularity some years ago is the
foreign born Samoyede. Although
it is not so many years ago that this
breed lived in a semi-wild state in
Siberia where reclaimed specimens
were used for hunting bear, and by
the natives of Lapland, he was used
for rounding up tame elk, The
samoyede is peculiarly amenable to
civilization and the companionship of
human beings. [Fifteen or twenty
years ago the breed was seen in fairly
large numbers on the show benches
of this country and England. After
that there came a lull, but of late he
seems to be gaining in popularity. In
' the far north he was used as a sledge
dog like the husky and other arctic
breeds. ‘The dog is long-coated and
in many respects resembles the Spitz,
though he is larger than the average of
those specimens. He may not be the
ideal dog to have about in the home
where there are children as he is of
uncertain temperament, but he is a
rather unusual looking animal for
which reason he has gained a certain
amount of notoriety.

Medium-Sized Dogs 65

The Doberman Pinscher, which 1s
really a terrier possessing character-
istics of the Airedale, is another dog
which, when he once becomes fully
known and appreciated for his ster-
ling qualities, will become a more
general home favorite. He 18 smooth
coated, prick-eared and black and tan
in color, weighing in the neighborhood
of thirty-five to forty pounds. He 1s
very intelligent and 1s as easily taught
to perform the duties of an all-round
“varmint dog’ as any breed in’ ex-
istence. As a police dog he 1s said to
be even more readily trained than the
breed which is supposed to be a spe-
cialist in that sphere — namely the
shepherd dog — until lately known as
the German or Belgian shepherd dog.

While on the subject of the latter
breed, it might be said in passing, that
this dos’ 1S gaining in popularity each
year. He is said to be intelligent, in
fact he is easily trained, but here also
is a breed which is somewhat uncer-
tain in temper despite the stories to
the contrary. As a watch dog he can-
not be surpassed. [or those having

66 Dogs as Home Companions

SRMAN PINSCHER CH. BETEL
DOBERMAN.

country estates or large enough out-
door space, this dog is a very desirable
one, but it 1s scarcely possible to keep
one of these in limited quarters.

The same may be said of any of the
larger breeds, and as this book is de-
voted to the dogs that are suitable for
the large towns and cities we shall
refer the aspiring fancier who is bent
upon going in for the large dogs to
procure “a. copy -of ““Doscrait,” “a
former work of mine which gives the
standards of all breeds, large and
small.

Charl R Ly:
Housing Problems.

ale proper housing of a dog 1s one

of the important, if not the most
important questions in dog keeping.
We are assuming that the budding
dog fancier has decided upon what
breed he wants to own and has found
an individual to his liking. Perhaps
the purchase has been made and he
has brought his canine acquisition
home to find that he has never given
the question of housing him any
thought. Under such circumstances
he is in a dilemma. His new charge
is like a white elephant on his hands.
Naturally, if the dog is still a young
puppy some make-shift arrangement
may be made, perhaps in some odd
corner of the house, but it must be
remembered that all puppies, aside
from the fact that they are not house-
broken are also a nuisance in many
other ways, for they have a special
predilection for the master’s slippers
or some article of wearing apparel be-

68 Dogs as Home Companions

longing to the mistress of the house,
and they take special delight in tear-
ing such things to pieces for the mere
amusement of the thing and because
they must have an outlet for their
excess of energy. Another chapter
will be devoted to the early training
lessons, so let us, therefore, in this
chapter, take up the question of sleep-
ing quarters and a playground for the
youngster.

Where the dog is a medium-sized
one, or a toy, perhaps, it will not be
necessary to provide out-door quar-
ters except for exercising, and there-
fore, an arrangement may be made
for the new dog to occupy a place in
the kitchen or basement, but it must
be a place where he will learn to go
either for the night or during the day
time when he wishes a quiet nap all
tovuhimself> -Personally, lam no/ad-
vocate for keeping a dog in the house
night and day. It is true, many dog
lovers do this and when the breed is
no larger than say, a fox terrier or
even a chow, the arrangement may be
satisfactory enough, but never, under

Housing Problems 69

any circumstance, allow a dog to have
_ the run of the house at all hours of the
day or night. If you have decided to
allow him to sleep in the house, pro-
vide a box or basket large enough for
the purpose. Put this in some corner
in the kitchen or even in the base-
ment, though unless this latter place
is absolutely dry and subject to venti-
lation, it is not a desirable place for
sleeping quarters. In providing a
sleeping place, whether it be basket,
box or bench, it should be raised sey-
eral inches above the floor. This is
to obviate draughts which are sure to
prevail in cold weather, for no matter
how tight a door may fit there is al-
ways a certain amount of cold air
blowing in through the crevice at the
bottom, and incidentally, this is one
of the most frequent causes for colds,
catarrh or even pneumonia. If you
have your doubts about it, try sleep-
ing upon the floor on a cold night
yourself. If the dog be a toy breed,
a shallow basket provided with a pil-
low filled with pine of cedar shavings,
or pine needles is a most suitable bed.

70 Dogs as Home Companions

The pillow should be covered with
some coarse, heavy material that will
not tear easily and should be a cov-
ering that goes over the pillow proper ;
the material inside whether shavings
or pine needles should be encased in
another cover. ‘The idea being that
the outer covering can be removed
and washed frequently, for no matter
how clean a dog may be, the canine
smell will in time permeate the cover
and it must be changed and washed at
least once every two weeks if absolute
cleanliness is desired. . For most of
the larger breeds, a carpet or rug will
be sufficient bedding. Loose bedding,
such as shavings or straw is not to be
thought of in the house.

The box or basket provided for the
bed should be large enough to permit
the dog to lie at his ease. If a box is
used, the better plan is to remove one
side with the exception of a small strip
at the bottom to hold the bedding in
and of course, the top should also be -
removed. ‘These sleeping boxes or
baskets should be put out in the sun
and air every week or so and when ne-

Housing Problems fa!
cessity demands, they should be
scrubbed with warm soap water, to
which a few drops of Creolin-Pierson
may be added. ‘This will keep the
sleeping box clean and obviate any
possibility of vermin, for once fleas
infest a place where a dog frequents,
then all thought of housing indoors
must be abandoned.

Far the better plan, however, is to
provide sleeping quarters in the ga-
rage or stable, especially for the larger
breeds; in fact, all breeds except toys.
In cold weather these boxes may be
closed on top and on all sides, leaving
only a small opening for entrance or
exit. The advantage of this being
that such boxes can be filled. with
good, clean straw in cold weather and
there are very few dogs who cannot
sleep comfortably and warmly in such
a bed, even when the mercury is down
close to the zero mark. ‘Terriers, as a
matter of fact, are very hardy and
will really do better in an out-building
of this kind than in the house or base-
ment. Naturally, one must be gov-
erned according to circumstances and

72 Dogs as Home Companions

if the owner of a dog has no building
on the premises, part of which may be
used for his pet’s quarters he can build
a small house out of doors and pro-
vide a runway in connection. Nearly
all of the wire, or long-haired breeds
will do well in these out-door kennels
the year round, provided the bedding
is warm, the box free from draughts,
and a piece of carpet or burlap is
tacked over the opening in the coldest
of weather. This should be arranged
in such a way that it is loose on the
sides and bottom, so as to permit of
easy entrance and exit.

In building an out-door house for
the dog it is well to adopt more
modern plans than the old-time “dog
house” closed on top and all sides
with the exception of the door in
front. ‘This style has been in vogue
and has answered the purpose for
many a high-bred dog, but 1f the
owner wishes to have something more
elaborate he might build a small
house having a hallway or vestibule
before reaching the sleeping quarters
proper. Such a house must be built

Housing Problems 73
double the size of the ordinary one
to allow for the extra “room.” It
should also be so constructed that it
may be opened from the top, either
by supplying hinges to the roof which
make it possible to raise either side,
or the roof may be so constructed that
the entire top of the house can be
lifted off. This will permit of easy
cleaning of the interior. It is well to
keep the interior whitewashed. A
coating of this every few months will
aid very materially in keeping the
place free from vermin.

When it is possible to provide a
runway or small enclosure where the
dog may exercise in at any time he
desires, it is far better than to chain
him. ‘These runways can be con-
structed cheaply, of heavy mesh wire.
In constructing this it must be with
a view of making them high enough to
prevent the dog from leaping or
climbing over. A good plan to adopt
is to build the fence and then put an-
other strip of wire mesh a foot or
eighteen inches wide horizontally
from the top of the posts, allowing this

T4 Dogs as Home Companions

to go on the inside, thus even though
the dog is inclined to jump or climb,
when he reaches the top of the fence,
this extra width of wire will prevent
him from going over. Another pre-
caution must be taken against bur-
rowing out. This is easily done by
digging a trench and allowing the wire
to go into the ground a foot or more,
then filling this trench up with stones
or brick and covering with earth. No
dog will be able to dig under such a
fence.

If a dog must be chained to his ken-
nel, as sometimes is the case, he
should be given at least two hours of
freedom every day. Far the better
way is to extend a wire close to the
ground, from the kennel to a post
thirty or forty feet (more if possible)
from this. The post at the far end
should be driven or planted in the
ground, allowing only enough above
the surface to attach the wire to, for
dogs have a faculty of getting their
chains twisted about a post that might
be dangerous or even fatal to them.
A ring should be put on this wire to

Housing Problems 75

which the swivel of the chain may be
attached. This gives the animal a
certain amount of freedom and exer-
cise, and it will soon become notice-
able how he takes advantage of it.
It is needless to,say that all kennels
out of doors should be built of
matched boards dove-tailed together
so as to admit no draughts, further-
more, the kennel should be placed on
a foundation or on piles several inches
from the ground. For more elaborate
plans of kennels when more dogs are
kept, the reader is referred to an
earlier work of mine entitled “Prac-
tical Dog Keeping for the Amateur.”

CHAPTER YV.
Becoming Acquainted—Early Lessons.

HILE most any breed of dog
under one year old will soon
learn to adapt himself to new friends
and environment, and therefore no
stipulated time is imperative as to
what age he should be, at the time of
his purchase, there is something about
the wee youngsters of eight or ten
weeks old that appeals to all, and the
general thing is to obtain your puppy
shortly after he is weaned.

It is true, there are some objections
to this plan, principally because a
puppy of this tender age is still un-
broken to the house and is also more
susceptible to the ordinary ills that
beset the young life of practically all
canines, but on the other hand, there ~
is something particularly interesting
in a wee puppy and he will, as a rule,
soon become the pet of the entire
household. As for the ills, with ordi-
nary care, one can tide the young-
ster over these much more easily than

Becoming Acquainted ire
the novice may imagine. As a matter
of fact, I would rather begin with a
twelve weeks old puppy and break
him to cleanliness about the house
than I would a dog of one year old,
for in a majority of cases, when
purchasing a puppy of the latter age,
you will be told that he is house-
broken, when as a matter of fact he is
not, consequently this education must
begin at a rather late age. Another
reason why the very young puppy is
more satisfactory is because there 1s
a greater interest in watching him de-
velop physically as well as mentally;
therefore, all things considered, I
would advise selecting your dog when
he is still a mere baby; which means
under three months of age.

As for breed, that is a matter to de-
cide according to your own inclina-
tions. The young of all animals are
interesting, but this is particularly so
of dogs, irrespective of the breed.
Even the veriest mongrel, as a small
puppy, is a most engaging creature.

Assuming that you have purchased
your puppy and taken him home and

78 Dogs as Home Companions

he is one of those innocent-looking
balls of fluffy hair from which a pair
of sharp eyes protrude, and short legs
carry his wobbly body about. Is it.
not only natural that everyone of the
household will make much over him,
if they are normal human beings? It
will be noted that even though this
bit of dog flesh is still less than twelve
weeks old, how readily he will make
up with them. A young puppy, still
unaccustomed to the rebuffs of the
world and the “slings and arrows’
of canine fortune has confidence in all
whom he encounters. His percep-
tions are keen, however, and he will
soon learn that there are some or at
least one in the family to whom he
may attach himself as his real master
or mistress, and therefore this should
be the person to teach him his early
knowledge of household etiquette. It
should be this person, also, who im-
poses upon himself or herself the duty
of feeding the puppy. Of course this
is not entirely essential, but if it is
left to one person, it may be generally
taken for granted that the youngster

Becoming Acquainted 79

will be fed regularly and not too
much. When the entire household
looks after the feeding, the chances
are that he will be too well cared for,
and too frequent feeding is one of the
banes of dog-keeping. An _ over-
abundance of food is more dangerous
than too little, although I am no ad-
vocate of the starvation plan.

The matter of feeding will be taken
up in the next chapter, so let us pass
on to the puppy’s early education. In
the first place, if a secluded nook has
been decided upon where he is to
sleep nights, he should be introduced
to this the very first night. To begin
by pampering him is only deferring
a duty that must be done sooner or
later. Assuming that he has a basket
or box in the kitchen, the last thing be-
fore he is put to bed, it is well to feed
him. At this early stage the last feed
in the evening may consist of milk and
bread, or any of the puppy meals with
milk poured over. Put him in his bed,
turn out the lights and leave him.
The chances are that he will not re-
main in his bed, but come out and

80 Dogs as Home Companions

go near the door communicating with
the other apartments of the house,
and whine. Go to him, chide him and
put him back in his bed, commanding
him to lie down. This, of course, he
will not understand at once and it is
quite likely that for the first three or
four nights he will make life hideous
by his howling. However, it is sur-
prising how soon he will learn that he
must make the best of a new condition,
for to him it is an entirely new situa-
tion in life. Coming from his litter
mates in a home where he has been ac-
customed to the association of his
mother, his brothers and sisters, it is
quite natural that the nostalgia, or
homesickness, should oppress him.
Be firm, however, and make him
“stay put” not only the first night,
but every night and he will soon be
broken of the night howling.

All dogs are naturally cleanly in
their habits and it will be noticed that
even very young puppies will go some
distance away from their nests to obey
the call of nature, consequently when
the puppy is brought into the home,

Becoming Acquainted, 81

correct habits may soon be taught. The
principal care is to catch him in the
act and then remove him summarily
from the house. If he persists, a very
slight tap or two and a word of repri-
mand as he is being banished may as-
sist quite materially in making him
understand. Some breeds are more
easily broken than others.’ I have
found Airedales and cocker spaniels
very easy to break of uncleanly habits.
Pointers and setters require more
time, but on the whole, most of the
medium-sized breeds can be broken
very readily.. he new owner should
not lose sight of the fact, however,
that he must not be too severe. Firm-
ness and prompt action are the prin-
cipal requisites that must be kept in
mind in breaking a puppy, but bru-
tality never succeeds.

One of the earliest lessons that any
young dog should be taught is his
name. This should be chosen as early
as possible and whenever the atten-
tion of the puppy is to be attracted,
he should be called by his name. All

puppies will come to most anyone

82 Dogs as Home Companions

who will play with them. On such
occasions it is well to give the young-
ster his first lessons. Call him to you,
using the name you have selected. If
he comes to you, pet and fondle him,
repeating the name meanwhile, and
reward him with a choice morsel to
eat. Thus, in a very short time the
dog will learn to come promptly when
called. Teaching to whistle may be
done in much the same manner, either
in a large room or in a yard. Blow
the whistle when he is some distance
from you and call his name immedi-
ately after. He will be attracted, but
will come at the sound of his name
and not the whistle. By frequent
repetition, however, he will soon
learn to associate the blast of the
whistle with the verbal command and
come to you promptly, especially if at
first he is rewarded with the ever-
present choice morsel.

If your dog happens to be a spaniel
or one to be used as a sporting com-
panion, retrieving is an accomplish-
ment which is a very excellent one.
Any dog will run after a ball if it is

Becoming Acquainted 83

thrown from him after his attention
is first attracted. If one begins when
the pupil is still quite young he may
be taught to become a perfect re-
triever through the “Play Method,”
as described in my book, “The Work-
ing Dog and His Education.” When
the ball is thrown the command
should be given to “Fetch!” ‘The
puppy will get the ball nine times out
of ten, but he is likely to run away
with it and toss it about in play. He
should be induced to bring it to. you
or you must go to him, bring him to
where you were standing when the
ball was thrown and gently take it out
of his mouth, repeating the word
“Fetch!” As in the other lessons, re-
ward him with a bite to eat. A little
of this play every day will make him
enjoy this pastime and in the end he
will become a retriever. He may also
be taught to retrieve from water in the
same manner, although at first the
ball should be thrown into the water
only far enough so that the puppy
need but get his feet wet in retrieving
it. It may be thrown out farther and

84. Dogs as Home Companions

farther as the pupil progresses and in
the end he will enjoy this as much as
land retrieving, especially if he is a
dog of the spaniel varieties. Aire-
dales are also easily taunt to become
perfect retrievers.

Another lesson which all dogs
should learn is to remain at heel.
First it is necessary to teach them to
lead... Put a collar on the puppy and
allow it to remain a day or two before
going further. When he 1s accus-
tomed to this, attach the lead and call
him to you. He will likely pull back
or buck jump a few times; keep a
tight line and allow him to go as far
as he likes. When he becomes pas-
sive, call him to you and draw in the
lead. He may pull back or he may
be frightened, but pull him to you
and then pet him and reward him
with a bit to eat. He will soon learn
to lead.

After he once leads well then take
him out with you on the street or in
the park. If he pulls ahead of you
draw him back and give the command
“Heel!” He may remain behind for

Becoming Acquainted 85

a moment, but dart ahead again in a
moment when he thinks you off
guard. Check him up and put him
back of you once more with the same
command to “Heel!” If he goes
along in this manner, fairly well after
a few lessons, you have accomplished
the first step. Later it may be neces-
sary to carry a light switch which
should be used on every occasion
when the dog attempts to forge ahead.
Only a light tap on the nose is neces-
cary, but as it is given the command
to heel should also be uttered. Ina
short time the dog should be taken out
without the cord and kept at heel, but
if he becomes unruly and does not re-
main in his position the lead should
be immediately snapped into the ring
of the collar and he should be given a
few more lessons of the earlier kind.
Eventually he will understand that he
must remain behind his master until
the command is given to “Go!” or
“Hie on!” and this latter command
he will obey without much teaching,
for it is the natural inclination of all
dogs to run on ahead of their masters,

86 Dogs as Home Companions

and they will be prompt to take ad-
vantage of the permission to do so.
For fuller lessons on breaking, I
would suggest that the reader procure
a copy of my -former book, “The
Working Dog and His Education.”

CHAPTER VI:

The Food Question—When to Feed—
Frequency of Feedings—W ater.

W ITH but one dog in the house-

hold or on the premises, the
question of food is not a serious one.
The scraps from the table of a family
of four should be sufficient to supply
the entire ration of the dog, although
occasionally it is advisable to give
him a change in the way of scraps of
raw beef, large, soft. bones to gnaw
upon, and by variety it might also be
well, say once a week, to procure the
meat or trimmings at your butcher’s
out of which a broth may be made.
This is always a wholesome diet, es-
pecially if it is poured over stale
bread, dog biscuits or any of. the
bread stuffs that cannot be used on
the table.

First of all let me Be eee at
reader of the old theory that meat is
injurious for the dog. ‘Taking: the
race as a whole, meat should form the
principal diet. The dog is a naturally
carnivorous animal and even though

88 Dogs as Home Companions

he has been under domestication for
thousands of years his organs of mas-
tication and digestion have under-
gone only a very slight, if indeed, any
change. With this in mind, the dog
owner is enabled to feed intelligently.
Naturally, change of environment
from his wild state has made condi-
tions different; he does not obtain
the amount of exercise that his wild
ancestors did, ranging and roaming
about the country in search of their
daily sustenance, consequently he
cannot be fed entirely the same, but
nevertheless the idea which through
some unknown way became prevalent
years ago that meat is injurious to
dogs and likely to cause disease is en-
tirely erroneous. ‘The principal point
to keep before one is the quantity of
food and the frequency of feeding. A
dog which obtains considerable exer-
cise in the way of hunting, must have
more meat than one that is exercised
only an hour or two each day. ‘This
is but natural; the man whose pro-
fession keeps him indoors does not re-
quire the same substantial food of the

The Food Question 89

one who labors in the fields all day,
and so it is with the dog. Ordinary
intelligence should teach proper dis-
cretion in this respect.

Table scraps usually consist of all
the necessary concomitants to a good
ration.. Bits of meat, bread crusts,
gravies, vegetables, etc., all go to make
up the waste from the table in any
ordinary family. Bones, if they are
large ones, may be fed, but bones
from fish, poultry or small game
should be eliminated if for no other
reason but the possibility of their
causing trouble in the intestinal
canal. If one does not believe what
trouble this may produce let him take
the leg bone of a chicken or lamb,
place them on a stone and strike them
a sharp blow with a hammer. He
will see at once that they are crushed
into a hundred tiny splinters. One
can readily imagine what havoc this
may do if they should lodge in the
stomach or intestines of a dog. Per-
haps one might feed these bones to a
dog throughout his entire life without
ill results, but on the other hand,

90 Dogs as Home Companions

trouble might ensue, hence to be on
the safe side, it is better to take no
chances.

Vegetables make a good bulk food,
but they should be fed very sparingly,
and then only in connection with the
other food. There is little nutriment
in vegetables for a dog; potatoes are
of no value and are more harmful
than beneficial and the idea that dogs
must be fed garlic, tomatoes, onions
and the like has been exploded long
ago. Avery little of these in the regu-
lar food is passable, but do not at-
tempt to make a vegetarian of your
dog. Corn meal, in its place, is well
enough fed occasionally, but as a reg-
ular food it is harmful, especially in
summer, as it causes skin irritations,
because it is too heating. Oat meal
is some better, and rice, perhaps, the
best of all, but any of these foods
should be fed only occasionally. Some
breeds, such as Yorkshire terriers,
Maltese and the like do very well with
little meat and some say they should
not have it at all, but even this is
questionable.

The Food Question 91

In large kennels it is well to cook
one’s own food or make a bread com-
posed of unbolted wheat, a little rice,
meat and a few well cooked vege-
tables, the whole to be thoroughly
cooked and then baked into a bread
in a slow oven which will cook it
through and through so that it will
keep for a long time, but the owner
of one dog may as well dismiss this
as unnecessary. Tosummarize: feed
what the family table offers, procure
meat from your butcher occasionally,
for the broth and bones previously
referred to, and do not overlook the
raw meat, which should be shredded
or chopped finely and fed three or four
times a week in small quantities, for
young dogs, but in larger portions
for grown ones. It is also well to ob-
tain large bones with the meat still
clinging to them. Dogs love-to tear
the meat from the bones and they
also obtain considerable satisfaction
in gnawing the bones. Even puppies
three months old and under may be
fed raw meat in small quantities to
good advantage. and from personal

92 Dogs as Home Companions

experience | have found that puppies
thus fed will thrive better than those
who obtain little or none of this kind
of diet.

For very young puppies the natural -
diet 1s milk, hence when you obtain
your new dog, assuming that he is
three months old or under, see that
he obtains an abundance of this, but
do not compel him to live on a milk
and bread diet entirely. Feed him a
dish of this in the morning; and it
might be well to give him another
small feed of this about ten o’clock,
then again at two and so on, until he
is fed about five times during the day,
but some of the meal§ should consist
of broth and cooked meat, with an
occasional feed of raw flesh. Puppies,
as they grow older, should be fed less
often, and at four months, three meals
a day are sufficient. At this stage,
the first meal in the morning may
consist of milk and stale bread, but
the following ones may be of table
scraps or the broth made from the
meat obtained from the _ butcher,
poured over stale bread of biscuits,

The Food Question 93

giving with the liquid also a sufficient
quantity of the meat. At a year old
the dog may be fed as any older dog
is fed.

The question of frequency of feed-

ing matured dogs has been much dis-
cussed. Many kennels feed but once
daily and that meal is given in the
evening. This should consist of as
much in quantity as the dog will eat.
The more humane method for grown
dogs, however, is to feed a light meal
in the morning and the heavy one in
the evening. Most dogs thrive well
on this, provided they obtain a sufh-
clent amount of meat to keep their
natural desire for flesh food satisfied.
The dog owner will soon learn how to
use discretion in feeding and obtain
best results, but those who wish to go
further into this food question are
cited to my previous book, “Practical
Dog Keeping For the Amateur.”
_ As to water, it must be borne in
mind that the dog requires water at
all times of the day or night and a
vessel containing pure, fresh water
should always be accessible.

CHAPTER Vit:
Exercise—Grooming—W ashing.

VV HILE we all recognize the im-

portance of good food as being
conducive to a dog’s well being, many
overlook the fact that exercise, groom-
ing and washing are almost equally
essential. This is particularly true of
exercise. No matter how well a dog
is fed, no matter what his care may
be otherwise, he will become sluggish
and out of sorts if he is unable to ob-
tain a sufficient amount of daily exer-
cise and the more that falls to his lot,
the less liable is he to disease, for it
is a well-known fact among human
beings that exercise is one of the es-
sentials of life and by the same token
this is so of the dog. Without exer-
cise the animal will not assimilate his -
food and while the digestive organs
will perform their functions for a long
time, eventually they will do so under
protest, for the food taken into the
system is not properly oxidized,
drainage is impeded and the general

Exercise, Grooming, Washing 95

sewerage system becomes faulty. No
drugs will regulate this condition of
affairs effectively and in time the re-
sult of this sedentary life begins to
show in the dog’s eyes, his coat, and
even his nerves. Mange and various
eczematous diseases are also likely to
appear, and many other disorders are
likely to follow. Consequently, if one
takes upon himself the responsibility
of keeping a dog he must see to his
exercise as religiously as he does to
his food.

The question may be asked, how
much exercise must a dog have in or-
der to keep him in good condition? To
this no defined rule can be laid down,
for dogs, like humans, vary and one
must be governed accordingly. Most
young puppies, because of their nat-
ural exuberance of spirits, generally
move about sufficiently of their own
volition, and thus keep in good con-
dition by this very natural process,
but as the dog grows older he is not
so prone to run and play, and there-
fore must be encouraged. This exer-
cise, it 1s scarcely necessary. to say,

96 Dogs as Home Companions

should be given in the open. If the
owner of a dog has a back yard where
the dog may run and play out in the
air and the sunshine, the question of
exercise is not a serious one, but peo-
ple who live in restricted quarters will
find it more of a problem.

If one has access to a vacant lot, a
common, a park, or other open space
where he may allow his dogs to run
unmolested, always provided he is at
hand to watch them, then the question
settles itself, but where this is not pos-
sible there is only one other way and
that is to take the dog out on lead,
walking him from one to three hours,
according to the breed and the re-
quirements of the individual, for as
previously stated, some dogs require
more exercise than others. It should
not be forgotten that a dog running at
large covers five or six times the
amount of ground that he could pos-
sibly cover while on lead, and this
must be taken into consideration.
Naturally this requires time, but one
may always find a spare hous or two
mornings and evenings that may be

Exercise, Grooming, Washing 9”

utilized in this manner, and thus
owner as well as dog obtains good,
healthful recreation.

Another good way to exercise dogs
in summer is to take them to a pond
or river where they may swim about
in the water, for nothing brings all
the muscles into play better than
swimming. Nearly all dogs can be
taught to take to water, and some of
the breeds as for instance Airedales,
the spaniel varieties, and also pointers
and setters, dearly love this diversion.
After disporting in the water for an
hour or so, if a plot of grass can be
found nearby where the dogs can roll
and dry themselves, it will not only
add to the enjoyment of master and
dog, but will tend to keep the animals’
coats clean.

Another point that should be borne
in mind is, all dogs should be allowed
to exercise in a manner that is com-
patible with their natural habits. For
instance, a beagle should be taken to
the open and allowed to hunt rabbits,
a bird dog should be turned loose in
the open fields and terriers of every

98 Dogs as Home Companions

description should be given the oppor-
tunity to dig for rats, mice or other
“varmints.” If this cannot be done
every day, the dogs should be given
this opportunity at least once a week,
especially during the season when this
is feasible.

Summarizing, the owner must al-
ways bear in mind that a certain part
of the day his dog must be allowed the
air and the sunshine. Even in winter
when there is little sunshine, or on
rainy days, the dog will enjoy being
out and free for a short time.

Grooming is another very impor-
tant essential to the welfare of the
dog. Every dog, no matter whether
he is short or long-coated, should be
brushed at least once daily and by
brushing is meant good, vigorous fric-
tion. For the short-haired varieties
a short-bristled brush or a hound
glove are the proper implements, and
for the long-coated breeds a brush
with stiff bristles from one and one-
half to two inches long, is very useful.
After this brushing, rubbing with the
hand will put a polish on the coat

Exercise, Grooming, Washing 99

that is described by fanciers as
“cherry ripe.” Wire-coated terriers
require some special treatment to
keep their coats in show shape, but
ordinary brushing daily and plucking
of superfluous hair occasionally, will
always tend to keep them presentable
for every-day life. Not only is this
daily grooming essential to keep the
dog’s coat free from soil and filth, but
it tends to keep the blood in circula-
tion, and to ward off skin troubles and
also parasites, which despite precau-
tions, will sometimes take up their
quarters in the coats of the most gen-
teel dogs.

During the winter it is seldom nec-
essary to wash a dog provided he is
groomed daily, but in summer, a bath
now and then is very beneficial to
most breeds, although owners of some
show varieties object to bathing their
dogs on the ground that it softens the
coat. However, the average owner
will do his dog little, if any harm, by
washing him once a week during the
summer. ‘To wash a medium-sized
dog, an ordinary tub or portable tin

100 Dogs as Home Companions

bath tub will be found satisfactory.
The soap used should be selected with
some care. hose soaps containing a
large percentage of alkali are not ad-
vised, nor are the highly scented kinds
desirable. The old-fashioned pure
Castile is about as good as any and
nearly all of the higher grades of tar
soaps are good. ‘The latter not only
produce profuse lather, but possess
excellent cleansing qualities and their
ingredients have a salutary effect on
the skin and hair. There are also a
number of good dog soaps on the
market, prepared especially for
cleansing and freeing the dog from
vermin, both fleas and lice, should
they exist. In the summer nearly
all dogs will acquire a certain amount
of fleas and it is well to use either
the prepared dog soaps or some
other preparation that will kill the
fleas. In this connection it might be
said that a good flea exterminator is
any of the creosote preparations to be
used in one in fifty proportions. That
is, to one part of the creosote prepara-
tion use fifty parts of lukewarm

Exercise, Grooming, Washing 101

water. Saturate the entire coat and
every part of the body with this prep-
aration, but exercise care not to get
any of it in the eyes or mouth. After
the dog has been thoroughly satura-
ted in this, he may be bathed with
ordinary soap and water. However,
the water should always be luke-
Warm, even in the warmest of
weather. Not only will the luke-
warm water cleanse more thoroughly,
but it will not be so much of a shock
as when cold water is used. For rins-
ing, clear water, a few degrees cooler
may be used. Be sure to dry thor-
oughly with towels, but rub the way
the hair lies. After drying with the
towels the dog should be well brushed
and if the weather is the least cool
he should not be allowed out of doors
for several hours after the bath unless
he is kept in action. It is always well
to give the bath several hours after
his meals, or just before them; never
directly after eating.

Smooth coated dogs are more
easily bathed than the long-haired
varieties, as they can be dried very

102 Dogs as Home Companions

readily, but with the long-haired
breeds extreme care should be taken
in the drying process and the comb-
ing out of the coat. It is scarcely nec-
essary to add that the inside of the
ears should be well dried. In wash-
ing a dog, always begin with the head
and work backward. The animal
should be stood in the tub and the
water applied with a dipper which
should be ready at hand for the pur-
pose.

For some breeds, such as Maltese
and Yorkshire terriers many prefer
the egg shampoo to soap, although
Yorkshires may be safely washed with
the suds of the soap, by making a
lather and immersing the animal in
this. ‘The formula for the egg sham-
poo is to break up and lightly beat
four eggs in each pint of water. Nat-
urally, the egg shampoo is beneficial
for any dog no matter what the breed,
but it may be readily imagined how
many eggs would be required to sham-
poo four or five St. Bernards.

In the event that frequent washing
causes the hair to become unnaturally

Exercise, Grooming, Washing 103

dry, a mixture of glycerine and water,
one part in four, is advisable. This
may be applied before the dog is thor-
oughly dried and the final hand rub-
bing will bring all the sheen, life and
luster back to the coat. Some kennel
men use cocoa butter in place of the
glycerine. This is applied by dipping
a comb into the cocoa butter and go-
ing through the hair with this after
the dog has been dried. ‘This should
be followed by vigorous hand rub-
bing.

Reverting again to fleas, that bane
of all dog owners, too much care can-
not be taken to prevent these pests
from obtaining the upper hand. The
bedding must be frequently changed
and the sleeping places thoroughly
cleansed, but the dog himself must
be watched. ‘The creosote prepara-
tions (and there are many of them)
are considered the best exterminators
and if used once a week in summer,
no dog should harbor fleas, provided
his sleeping quarters are clean. How-
ever, some might object to this prep-
aration on toy dogs and to those the

104. =Dogs as Home Companions

following is recommended: Carbolic
acid, one-half ounce; laudanum, one
ounce; bicarbonate of potassa, one
dram; water, one and one-half pints.
Pour a small amount into a hand
basin and apply all over the body with
a brush or sponge, rubbing it well into
the skin. To those who prefer a dry
form of exterminator, Dalmatian or
Persian insect powder is recom-
mended. The dog should be placed
on a newspaper, the powder dusted
well into the coat and allowed to re-
main for a few minutes, after which
it should be brushed out while the dog
remains standing on the paper. After
this process is completed, roll up pa-
per, powder, fleas and all and burn.

CHAPLER. Vil:
If Sickness Comes.
WHERE but one dog, or even two

or three are kept in a home, the
danger of sickness is very small, es-
pecially if the behests as laid down in
the preceding chapters are followed.
Dogs in the home are not exposed like
those which are kept in a kennel
where new ones are constantly coming
in and going out. Nor is the danger
of contagious or infectious disease as
great as when the dogs are exhibited
at bench shows. Nevertheless, the
highly bred dog is a fine-spun piece
of mechanism and it is therefore best
to know what to do as first aid in case
sickness does come. ‘To the novice,
however, my advice is, send for the
veterinarian, if a good one lives in
your vicinity, as soon as you notice
something seriously wrong with your
dog. If no qualified canine practi-
tioner is available, then seek the ad-
vice of some dog expert, but do not
resort to all manner of dosing for

106 Dogs as Home Companions

dosing’s sake, as so many do, for in
many cases too much medicine has
led to more serious consequences than
the illness itself. :

The principal disorders that the
one-dog owner is likely to encounter,
are probably distemper, worms, skin
diseases, fits and other various tem-
porary stomach and intestinal ail-
ments, most of which right them-
selves by the administration of a dose
of castor oil or some other purgative.

Very frequently a dog will go off
form due to overeating or perhaps be-
cause of devouring something that
was harmful, or possibly because of
lack of exercise. In most cases this
is only temporary and the animal will
doctor himself, provided he has ac-
cess to grass. Do not be alarmed if
your dog eats grass upon occasion,
even though he partakes of it co-
piously. He is simply finding in this
green element a nature remedy that
will act as a conditioner. Fortunate
is the canine that has the opportunity
to do this, for he is thus finding a
home remedy which is perhaps more

If Sickness Comes 107

effective than the most skilled vet-
erinarian might be able to prescribe.

Sometimes old dogs suffer from
constipation and it is well, occasion-
ally, to put a little olive oil in their
food, or even resort to a purgative.
One of the best ever-ready remedies
I know of is equal parts olive oil, cas-
Cara sagrada and castor oil. This
may be mixed up and kept on hand
indefinitely as there is nothing in it
that will spoil. If your dog should
go off his feed without showing any
symptoms of something more serious
coming on, give him, if he is a dog of
from thirty to forty-five pounds, a
tablespoonful of this night and morn-
ing for four or five days, and he will
soon come back to his natural form.
For smaller or larger dogs the dosage
should be graded accordingly. All
dog owners, however, should know
when a dog is coming down with
something serious. One of the most
dreaded ailments is distemper, a con-
tagious disease which may be com-
municated either by direct contact
with a dog which has distemper, by

108 Dogs as Home Companions

being put 1n a place that was recently
occupied by a distempered animal, or
by associating with a dog which might
be himself immune, but which had re-
cently come from a place where he
was exposed. In this manner such
a dog is able to carry the disease even
to some distant logality. Thus many
dogs have been subjected to disease
through their companions which were
exhibited at bench shows, and which,
though immune themselves, carried it
home to their kennel companions.
First of all it should be said that
the normal temperature of the dog is
from 100 to 1001/4, degrees when taken
under the forearm or inside of the
thigh. ‘Taken per rectum it is one
degree higher. ‘This temperature may
vary some in the larger and the
smaller breeds, but it is the general
average. If the dog appears listless,
apathetic, refuses to eat and possibly
begins to sneeze or water at the eyes,
if his temperature has gone three or
four degrees above normal, then it
may be taken for granted that he is in
the first stages of distemper. On the

If Sickness Comes 109

other hand, he may only show the
dullness and the high temperature;
there may be no discharge from the
eyes or nose, but a dry, husky tell-tale
cough may be noted. Any of these
forms are the symptoms of distemper
and the victim should be isolated at
once and the first act should be to ad-
minister a liberal dose of castor oil.
At this stage I have found it very
efficacious to give quinine and hypo-
sulphite of soda, each in two-grain
doses, either together or one following
the other within half an hour, four
times a day. ‘The dog must be placed
in a warm and dry room and should
not be allowed to go out for anything.
The room should be kept at a tem-
perature of seventy degrees, but must
be ventilated by windows opening
from above so that there can be no
draughts with which the victim will
come in contact. ‘The disinfectant
used should also be some dry form,
such as the various sanitary sawdust
preparations that are on the market.
Any dampness in the room is detri-
mental to the patient. The principal

110 Dogs as Home Companions

thing to remember in distemper is
good care, for it will be found more
effective than medicine, . whether
given in serum form or by mouth.
The dog’s strength must be kept up
and to this end eggs, broth, and even
finely chopped up raw beef in small
quantities will be beneficial. Some
kennel men object to the beef, but
nevertheless many a dog will eat this
where he refuses everything else and
certainly nothing 1s more nutritious
than beef. Every symptom must be
combated as it arises and many com-
plications are likely to set in. One
thing must always be kept in mind,
and that is, to make the dog take
nourishment, for once he refuses to
eat, then the case is practically hope-
less.

Those who prefer the serum treat-
ment should begin giving it, as per
directions, subcutaneously, with hy-
podermic syringe. There are several
good serums or vaccines on the mar-
ket, but the one that I have had the
most experience with is that put up
by a Detroit laboratory. This firm

If Sickness Comes PP

makes not only a curative vaccine,
but one known as a preventative. It
is useless to give the prophylactic or
preventative after the dog has once
been exposed. Rather await the
earliest developments and then begin
with the curative and give the six
doses as per direction. Begin with
bulb number one and follow up at the
intervals indicated until all have been
given. In the meantime, however, ex-
ercise the usual care in the way of
even temperature in the place where
the patient is confined and in the mat-
ter of'diet. This’ ts imperative, no
matter what treatment is being used.
The prophylactic or curative treat-
ment consists of three doses. It is
also given with hypodermic syringe,
subcutaneously. It is well to keep
this serum on hand to use if one ex-
pects to show his'dog or run him in
field trials, but the treatment should
be given at least a month before the
time he is to appear in public. The
success of this serum treatment seems
to be general, although many breeders
have no faith in it. This may be due

112 Dogs as Home Companions

to the fact that they begin too late or
failed to follow instructions. ‘The
treatment is supposed to combat all
symptoms that arise in the most viru-
lent cases of distemper.

The worst complication of all dis-
tempers is that affecting the nervous
system; the brain and its membrane
may become inflamed and fits follow,
or the spinal cord and its membranes
are attacked, in which event paralysis
or chorea, or sometimes both occur.
‘These can be overcome, but it is a
long drawn out and a very uncertain
thing. Generally, chorea occurs after
the virulent phase of the disease is
passed -and it is mostly due to too
early exposure. ‘The patient should
not be allowed to go out of doors or
get excited in any way until the tem-
perature has been normal for at least
ten days.

Common. sense and good nursing
win out more times than all the medi-
cine, but the complications as they
arise must be combated. For in-
stance, the eyes must be looked after.
‘The discharge should be washed away

If Sickness Comes 113

frequently during the day with a
warm boracic acid solution by dis-
solving one teaspoonful of the boracic
acid in half a pint of warm water.
The following lotion should be used
afterward as it will help keep the eyes
clear:
115 oo Ae ee .3 grains
WI GEE echelons ARGOS pie he oP 6 ounces

As the dog recovers from the dis-
temper and the eyes have that opaque
appearance so often noted, use an
ointment made of 1 grain yellow
oxide of mercury mixed with one
dram of vaseline. Drop a bit about
the size of a pea into the corner and
rub well under the lids. Sometimes
red postules will appear all over the
underbody and occasionally on all
parts of the body. ‘This should be
treated with the ordinary mange rem-
edies. At other times the disease at-
tacks the bowels, which must then be
looked after. Try bismuth in ten
grain doses for medium-sized dogs.
If this does not stop the diarrhea, then
the following mixture might be ef-
fcetive:.

114 Dogs as Home Companions

Powdered Extract of -Kimo......1 dram
Powdered Ipecacuanha.......... & grains
Powdeted -Opnitios. 4. oe ata 6 grains

Mix and divide into twelve pills.

Dose, from one-half to two pills, ac-
cording to the size of the dog, four
times a day. After the acute stage 1s
passed, then a good tonic is desirable
and for this purpose either Le Roy’s
Condition Pills, Sergeant’s or Glov-
er’s are useful.

Another serious complication that
frequently arrives is when it attacks
the lungs, and this is not at all un-
common; pneumonia being one of
the situations ‘to guard agamst:
Where there is a sudden rise in tem-
perature and the dog is inclined to
sit on his haunches, bracing himself
on his forelegs, which are spread far
apart, and his breathing comes fast
and sharp, it may be taken for granted
that pneumonia is the cause. . By
placing the ear to the chest one can
hear the labored breathing which
sounds very much like someone walk-
ing over frozen snow.

If the dog is not already wearing a
chest jacket make one for him at once.

If Sickness Comes 1S

Sometimes strong liniments are effec-
tive. But one of the simplest things
to use is hot lard and turpentine.
Grease the chest well with this, wrap
flannels around him and put the
jacket over all. Apply fresh turpen-
tine and lard every two hours, until
the breathing is easier. The follow-
ing is a'very good formula to use in-
ternally:

Extract of Belladonna..... W% grain
Jamies \Powder:. 3.22... 4 grains
Matrate of Potash: . 2. oo... 8 grains

Extract of Gentian, enough to make one pill

lor medium-sized dogs make up
twelve pills with the above ingredi-
ents and give 1 three times daily. If
the fever does not subside readily it
might be well to give them drops of
aconite in a tablespoonful of water,
every three hours. Perpetual vigi-
lance is necessary in the successful
combating of pneumonia and as in
every other phase of distemper, care
and good nursing are most important.
For a more extended treatise on dis-
temper, “Dogcraft,” third edition, will
be of great benefit to all dog owners,

116 Dogs as Home Companions

Few dogs go through life without
having Worms at some time in their
career and in the case of puppies, we
doubt if any ever escape these in-
testinal pests. Usually the kennel
owner or dealer, worms the puppies
before he sells them, hence the future
owner has little to fear, although it
must not be supposed that when a
vermifuge is given to a puppy once
or even two or three times during his
young life, that he will be forever free
from worms. On the other hand, he
is likely to have them at any time,
though the danger of fatal results 1s
far less.

There are numerous remedies that
may be used very effectively for the |
various kinds of worms, such as areca
nut, santomi., > pink: and. sens
kamala, etc., but I believe the safest
plan for the novice is to procure any
one of the reliable proprietary reme-
dies that are on the market, for it will
be less trouble to give these and there
is little danger of going wrong, which
might be the case were the neophyte
to dabble with unknown drugs.

If Sickness Comes A

For Tape Worm — and many more
dogs suffer from this than one might
suppose — kamala and areca nut in
equal parts is very effective. That
is, for large dogs give two grains (one
grain of each drug) to the pound
weight of the dog after fasting twenty-
four to thirty-six hours. One hour
after giving the vermifuge the dog
should have a liberal dose of castor
oil. ‘The symptoms of tape worm are
varied. The dog may have a capri-
_ cious appetite, his coat becomes harsh
and stary, he looks thin and emaci-
ated and he has a habit of rubbing
his sides and back up along fences or
buildings. His breath is usually of-
fensive and his eyes lack luster and
frequently form pus in the corners.

In the South the Hook Worm is
the bane of all dog owners and it is
becoming more prevalent every vear.
Indeed, of late years it has been in-
vading the North also, which is prob-
ably due to field trials and bench
shows, as dogs from the North are
taken South where they become in-
fested and thus bring the pests back to

118 Dogs as Home Companions

their homes. Recently a very good
specific for hook worms has been dis-
covered and from all accounts it 1s
giving excellent results. ‘The drug is
carbon tetrachloride. ‘The dose is one
drop for each pound weight of the dog
after fasting twenty-four hours. The
drug should be placed in hard cap-
sules and administered in that man-
ner. Itis not necessary to follow with
a purgative as is the case with most
other vermifuges. This new remedy
has been given to very young puppies
with the best results. It should al-
ways be remembered, however, that
the dosage should be one drop to the
pound weight of the dog, no matter
how large or how small he 1s.

A dog affected with hook worms
usually grows very thin, is dull and
apathetic, his coat is harsh and un-
natural, his eyes lack fire and he has
little or no ambition, but the greatest
tell-tale sign of all is his gums and the
mucous membrane of his eyes. In-
stead of being a healthy pink, they be-
come white and waxy. When the
gums and mouth are in this condition,

If Sickness Comes 1179

then it is time to begin treatment for
hook worms.

One of the common disturbances
that house dogs are subject to is Fits.
It is rather disheartening to the novice
to see his dog roll over suddenly and
become stiff and rigid, for in most
cases he is at a loss what to do. Fits
arise from various causes; through
worms, constitutional nervous dis-
orders, the aftermath of distemper,
but in most cases with house dogs,
because of constipation or indigestion.
If the trouble is due to the two latter
causes, then they may be easily over-
come by a change of diet and more
exercise, for there is where the trouble
generally lies. ‘The dog is fed heartily,
frequently of indigestible food, he ob-
tains little or no exercise and the in-
evitable result is a disarrangement of
bowels, stomach or liver. If the fits
are the aftermath of distemper, the
dog may outgrow them, but if they are
constitutional, then little or nothing
can be done. However, it is fits of
the first order—that is, due to de:
rangement of the digestive organs —

120 Dogs as Home Companions

which are the commonest among
house dogs. The victim may sud-
denly fall over, or he may remain on
his feet, and if he does, the toe nails
will dig into the rug or carpet in a
way that once seen will always be
recognized. ‘These seizures are gen-
erally easily overcome by applying
warm applications to the abdomen, or
hand massage. The victim, however,
should be given a purgative once a
day for several days, and if there is
reason to suspect worms, a vermifuge
is not out of order. Exercise him in
the open every day, but do not overdo
this at first. In severe cases an enema
may be given once daily, for three
days following the attack, in place of
giving the castor oil.

The more alarming cases of fits are
seizures which attack highly-strung
young dogs of an extremely nervous
temperament. ‘These fits usually at-
tack the animal when he 1s out at ex-
ercise and they cause such violent
contortions that many an ignorant
person might suppose the dog to be
mad. A dog suffering in this way,

If Sickness Comes 121

may be going along nicely when sud-
denly he will utter a distressing cry,
stagger a few times and fall down in
convulsions. While in this condition
he will snap wildly at anyone or any-
thing near him. Unless secured his
next proceeding is to get up and run;
he seems to be wholly deaf to the voice
of his master and does not even recog-
nize him. Sometimes, after recover-
ing from the attack, he will be unable
to distinguish his master for several
hours. The owner of a dog subject
to such fits should take prompt
measures to secure him while he is in
one of these paroxysms, or he will run
amuck when he arises and there will
be difficulty in catching him. It is
such dogs which frequently cause the
reports of mad dogs being in a neigh-
borhood and many a poor innocent
victim is dispatched, an innocent sac-
rifice, immolated on the altar of ig-
norance. Naturally, the owner of the
dog 1s not likely to have medicines
near at hand when his dog is thus at-
tacked, and in such a contingency,
the best thing to do is to dash cold

122 Dogs as Home Companions

water on his head and .in- his. face,
continuing this for several minutes.
Get the dog home as soon as possible,
then administer a dose of castor oul,
or the preparation recommended for
constipation, namely, equal parts
olive oil, castor oil and cascara sa-
grada. After this, begin a course of
bromide; the dosage being from two
to fifteen grains according to the size
of the animal, to be given twice daily.
The food should be nourishing, but
not too stimulating, and in small
quantities at a time; it is well to feed
three times’ daily, each meal to be
about one-half an ordinary one. Re-
move all causes of nervous excitement
and build up the dog by common-
sense treatment.

Rabies is not common, but never-
theless it is a real affliction of the
canine race, consequently if your dog
has been bitten by a supposedly rabid ©
dog it is well to keep him isolated to
watch results. Rabies may appear at
any time from eight days to three
months after being bitten by a mad
dog, hence great care 1s essential. The

If Sickness Comes 123

disease can only be communicated
through a bite or where the saliva of
a rabid dog comes in contact with an
abrasion of the skin. The owner of
a single dog who never allows his
animal to run at large except when
he is present is not likely to ever en-
counter rabies, but it is well to know
the symptoms in case such a con-
tingency does occur. Not all dogs bit-
_ten by a dog known to suffer from
rabies is likely to contract the disease,
hence one must not become hysterical
at once and destroy the animal so ex-
posed. Rather isolate him and watch
developments. The disease, as 1s well
known, is communicable to all ani-
mals, even to the human species, but
with the latter the percentage is very
small indeed.

The first symptoms are a rise in
temperature from two to three degrees
above normal. The dog will con-
stantly lick himself at some particular
spot which is probably the place where
he was bitten and inoculated. The
disposition of the victim undergoes an
entire change. The cheerful one be-

124 Dogs as Home Companions

comes morose and sullen, the quiet
one is restless, and the ordinarily
good-tempered dog quarrelsome and
inclined to hide in dark corners, al-
though when called will generally
come to his master and probably be
very affectionate. [rothing of the
mouth, as generally supposed, is not
a symptom of the rabid deg. Phe
mouth may be more moist than nor-
mal at first, but it soon becomes dry
and of a very dark red color. The
rabid dog is very much inclined to
attack others; the timid pet without
provocation will attack others much
larger than himself and after biting
his victim will emit a peculiar howl,
which when once heard will never be
mistaken. ‘The rabid dog’s voice un-
dergoes an entire alteration which is
one of the decided characteristics of
the disease. It begins with a peculiar
sharp bark and ends with a dismal
howl. If the animal obtains his lib-
erty he will wander for miles on a
kind of dog trot, with head and tail
lowered, going out of his way to at-
tack dogs and other animals, but usu-

If Sickness Comes 125

ally remaining away from human be-
ings, unless they interfere with him.
In a day or two he will return to his
home. He will refuse any kind of
food, but he will gnaw at sticks,
stones, timber or anything that may
be near him. He will drink water
until his throat becomes so swollen
that it is impossible for him to swal-
low, but even then he will attempt to
drink by putting his nose in a pail
Or) basin “ol water. - He becomes
weaker rapidly and if not killed, will
die in four or five days.

In Dumb Rabies the lower jaw 1s
dropped and the dog is unable to close
his mouth. It is not often that a rabid
dog will attack his master, but he
will fly at a stranger without provo-
cation. ‘There is no cure for either
form of rabies and as soon as one 1s
convinced that the dog is suffering
with the disease he should be put out
of his misery by a painless death.

As I have said, rabies is very un-
common and many kennel men have
gone through life without ever having
seen a case, though it is the height of

126 Dogs as Home Companions

folly to dismiss the subject on this ac-
count and proclaim there is no such
disease. It is very real and should
be guarded against. There are many
cases of pseudo rabies that one hears
about through the daily newspepers
which are merely the creations of
some fanatic or ignorant persons who
would not recognize the true from the
false if they saw them.

Skin Troubles such as the various
forms of mange and eczema are likely
to occur occasionally though the
owner of one or two dogs need not
worry about this if he grooms his dogs
and cares for them as indicated in the
chapters of this book. A very good
ointment to have on hand in case of
skin trouble is the following:

Flowers of sulphur. >) 722.22 4 ounces
CQTSGe (tate Oe et es ee 2 ounces
Cat hiolic: WIGS Sie acai eyes 2 drams

Add this to twelve ounces of linseed
oil and stir well in order to thoroughly
mix the ingredients. Apply to af-
fected parts or abrasions of the skin.
It is scarcely necessary to say that
when this ointment is applied to the

If Sickness Comes 127

dog’s coat he must be forbidden to
house unless one wishes to have his
rugs, carpets and furniture ruined.

Poisoning is one of the banes of a
dog owner’s existence, for one is likely
to encounter the poison fiend any-
Where at any time. However, there
are also many cases of accidental poi-
soning. Whether accidental or other-
_wise, the majority of cases occur
through arsenic, strychnine or pow-
dered glass.

From the symptoms displayed one
can usually determine the kind of
poison used. Strychnine causes pain,
twitching, possibly vomiting and
purging. In fatal cases, convulsions
with prolonged spasms of the mus-
cles, with more or less frequent re-
laxation. This continues until death
ends the struggle.

Arsenic causes gastritis and enteri-
tis, hence a burning thirst, vomiting
and purging, the dog usually dying
from exhaustion or collapse.

Ground glass poisoning will pro-
duce bloody discharges, great pain.
and distress and frequently vomiting

128 Dogs as Home Companions

of blood. There is no relief for the
victim of such an experience and the
most humane thing to do is to put
the dog to death promptly by admin-
istering chloroform.

In the treatment of arsenical and
strychnine poisoning, the primary ob-
ject should be to get the poison out
of the system as soon as possible. To
this end emetics should be adminis-
tered promptly, unless the animal is
already. vomiting freely. As an
emetic, fifteen to twenty grains of sul-
phate of zinc in a teaspoonful of wine
of ipecac is very good, but if this is
not at hand, anything should be re-
sorted to that will produce the de-
sired. results, such: as. mustard “or
baking soda in lukewarm water. In
strychnine poisoning every effort
should be made to neutralize the ef-
fect of the poison on the spinal cord.
Bromide of potassium and chloral
hydrate are the best. Either may be
given to medium-sized dogs by mouth
or rectum in twenty-grain doses. This
may be repeated at short intervals
until one dram has been given. In all

If Sickness Comes 129

cases of poisoning except phosphorus,
which is very rare, oil may be given,
also calcined magnesia or lime water,
as they are harmless and protect the
stomach mechanically. Other simple
things, such as white of eggs, flour,
etc., may be used with good effect.
For arsenical poisoning the best anti-
dote is hydrated oxide of iron. This
can be prepared quickly by adding
baking soda to tincture of iron so long
as there is any effervescence. When
the neutral point has been reached,
it may be given freely in teaspoonful
doses, every ten minutes.

DOGCRAFT

By A. F. HocHWALtT

Third Edition—Revised and
Enlarged

ERE is a book every sportsman

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If you have one dog or a
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Practical Dog-Keeping
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Written so as to be Understood
By A. F. HocHWALt

the eminent authority and writer

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The Working Dog
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by A. FB, HocHwaLt

RE you trainine a dog? Is’ he
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A Splendid eouie! Every Camper Will
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Camp Cookery

By Horace KEPHART

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The Modern Pointer

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