/.iEnio;.N ICD cicoss clud tours

GElCRyi.L TOUR - AFTJRHOON

TTC-: PANTTCON

Tho Panthoon ia tho not;t fanotu of tho builûincs <^f Anciont Rono and in tho only anciont oûifico which hac cono to ua in a por- fcct ütato of pro:;orvr\tion, The structure v/ao founded in tho firat contury B.C.( 27 B„C.) by üarcua Aerlppa and dedicated "o ail coda (pan Thooa). Durinn tho roign of Enporor Tltua j.n 00 ;. ,D,,it vic^a dan- afr.d by a lichtonin^ boit r.d fire \.'hich reaultod but v;aa :?CGt;orod by radria in tho yoora 110-125 A.^). Today it ia aaid to be the croatcat achiovonont in interior architooturo acconpliahod by tho Ronana, Tho aixtcon nonolith granite coluima ivhich support the por'-ico neajuro 43 ft, in hoißht. The gilt bronze tiloa .vhich onco c ivorcd the done arc gone; but tuo ancient bronze doora rjr.iain and aro the grcatoat of all Rouan doora that have been prccûrvod,, Afi to tho interior tho whole ia one plane or equality - tho diameter of tho Rotonda (x-':3 ft,)boing exactly equal to tho holfjlit fron tho floor to ôOLii-.iit - r.nd tho height frou the floor to cornice, equal to that fron cornico to a-pox, Tho pantheon ia lit by tlxo circular holo in the dor.c - thia done bolnc the larcost and oldoat in tho v/orld» '■'hen Cliriatianity replacod Pa- ganisr.i, Pope Boniface IV in 609, conaecratod tho pantheon aa a Cliristi- an Church and it ia atill uaod aa auch today (The Royal Church). It waa dudicated to tho îîotlior of God under the nano of Sancta ad Karty- roa and it la aaid that on thia ocoaaion of it 'a cnsacration, a largo nunbor of bonoa of nartyroa were brought to the Panthoon fron the ca- taconba, Tho tonba of Victor Ennnuol n, Tjiubcrto I and Raphael aro locatod here with th se of oLher (';r at artiste

THE PVRAIIID OP CAIUS CESTIUS

to nar-k to tor.ib of iicnb^r of tho col-

Tho pyrariid v/aa built in the year 30 B.C. Caiua Coatius, v;ho v/aa a i:ractor, a tribune and a logo of sopteriviri Epulonca and had charge of th-,- aol'. banquets . It is about 117 ft. high and ia cover..)d v/it'. r.iarbla .

ST.PAUL''S OUTSIDE Tlffi^jALLS

aolo fuori lo Jiura ia one of tho najnr churchea of Tho situ ia that of a chavch built by Constantino over tho tonb St. Paul, which waa also the site of a Roîian Cenctery, St. Paul

nilca away. The ;':hurch \rc largely do

San

situ ia that of a

?aul, which waa al ivar tyred a.pproxinately 1- by fire in 1323, but robuilt alon_ was finally consnorated by Pope IX whole world contriliutlng»

The interior la 394 ft. is 394 ft. by 197 ft„ high. The ricd in Bavono on l,ake naggiore altar is auriiountod by a fanoua Alogn tho frlozoe of the nave

■in,aacrificial slaba of whito

Rono,

of ,-/as jtroyod

the aano plana and ùii.ionaiona and in 1854, polotti built it - with the

by 197 ft, ;.nd 75 ft. high. Tho interior 80 coluiuna of grey L;ranito v/ore quar- and brought to Rone on rafts, Tho high tabornaclo by Arnolio da cantalo (1285), nd aisles aro nodalliona of all tho

tho proaent day (nunboring 264 in all) of St, Paul in a slnplo stone coffin tors v/cro built by the school of Co3-

Blahopa of Rono St. peter until Beneath tho altar lies tho body narked "Paul Apoatlo", Tho cIoIe nati in tlio 13th century,

PIAZZA rnwzziL

Tho large white building - nonuiicnt - rising fron tho alopo of tho Capitolino hill in nanod in honor of tho first King of unified Italy, victor Enanuel li, it waa bogun in 1885 and construction con- tinued for 26 years, it is 500 ft, long, 250 ft,high and waa deaignod by Sacconl» Tho atatuo of the King is in gilded bronzo and ia over tho tonb of tho unknown Soldier of ""rorld " ar I on the Alt;.r of tho Father- land,

AS you tho nonunent on tho right hand aide of tho piazza ia the Palazzo Vonozia, It takca it's nano fron the fact tliat the Venetian Anbasaador lived hero ia the days v/hen Venice v/aa an independent re- public - tho neat pov/orful in Europe, nusaolini had hia office hero du- ring the days of bja dictatorahip and in tho center of tho building thoy hold at the pres^^nt an Art Exhibition,

CASXLE SAKT'AKC-SLO:

Castle San'Angelo was built In the II Century A.D. by Hadrian. In Roman tlraes it was the tomb of Emperor Hadrian. In Middle Age it was transformed into a fortress. From 1870 it was first used as Barracks and then turned in'co a Museum. It was at preserit one of the most important, and interesting sights of Rome, since the former appartments of the Popes, who generally came here for protection when danger arose, are still in excellent condition.

The Armory and the dungeons as well as the plaster models of Che Castle in different epochs, add great interest.

TOieS OF AUGUSTUS:

The •^'omb of Augus'Gus was erected in the 1st Century B.Cand was used, up the short time ago, as a Concert Hall for the Conservato- ry of Santa Cecilia.

CAFlxOLI'TE MaSEUM:

The Museum was founded in 1471 by Slxtus IV, chiefly built by pupils of Michelangelo. Contr.ins the famous "Dying Gnul", origi- nal of the 1st century EC, "Venus of the Capitol", Greek Statue found in 1684, an Etruscan bronze "Volf of the Capitol", the statue of a boy extracting a thorn frem his foot, called the "Shephard Mar- tius", the "Rosso Antico" marble Faun, The Centaurs and the interes- ting Roman tapistries.

CHURCH OF ARA COELI:

The name of this church is generally attributed to an altar erected by Augustus Caesar. In the Middle Ages, Ara Coeli was the church of the Roman Senate and it has often served as a Parliament House for the city of Rome. In the 1st Chapel, on the right, is a painting of St. Bernardino da Siena, a work of Bernardino Finturicchio

In the "Preseplo'' there is a famous XVI Century wooden sculpture of the "Infant Christ".

MI'ffiRTIKZ PRISON:

The Mamertine Prison and the Carcere Tulllano, is the oldest Roman dungeon, in which St. Peter and Paul are said to have been bound to a pillar for nine months.

PIAZZh MAVONA:

A vast oblong Piazza pccupylng the site of the Circus Ago- nalis of Domltlanus which had seats for 30.000 spectators and boats three handsome fountains.

The center fountain, built by Bernini in the XVII Century is called the Fountain of the four Rivers. Others were built in the XIII Century»

BASILICA OF 3?.PST:R'S

In 327, Constantlne the Great began the erection of a Basilica, labtirlng with his own hands. In 846 the Basilica suffered severely by the Saracenic Invasion, and later vas restored by Leo IV. In 150Ö Julius II beran the new St. Peter's fren design by Bramante, Haffaello and the Architect Sangallo; ■^'''--e dome was designed by Michelangelo, hovever it v/as very different from what we nc-' admire. Th^ present dome is the work of ^lacomo Delia Forti, and was finisohed in IrVO. The ball and cros° were install-d in 1.'''93. The Church '-'aa consacrated by Pope Urbaii VIII November IB, lö2b. The colonn-'^de '''as adued by Als- xanaer VII m 1667, the sacristy by Fiup VI in 17bü. 'xh-ï fac-.de of SÏ. Peter' s is 3' 7 ft long and 14k ft high» It is surrr.ount^ci by a balu8tr-=.te six ft In height bearin^; st-ttu-^s of th:; S^wlourand the 12 Apostlcs. xhfe offntral door of bronzd Is a r-innant of th-- old Basi- lio'i and was dons by Antonio Fllnrsta in 14;"il. The floor of the Basi- lica is of inlaid ctloured marble dasi; nt^d by ..-incomo Dell-^ Porta ana Bernini. Conf.-'snion is the work of Casnnovi., the Canopy in bronz was done by Bernini in 1633. In ths first Chapel is che Stntu= "Pieta" by Kichalangelo. Th- Sacristy of Bt. Peter's '''as built by Piu? VI in 17or- frera dcrsing by Ca^^lo H-'rchioni. The Treasury of Si;.Petr;r' s, \^rtiich stands above the Pap-n.l Altar (the grave of th- Apostlri Pecrr) countaine works by Folalnolo, Bsnvenuto Cellini; aaci-;nt Jew^jls -no. crucifixes.

THE OATAGOMPH

Thrrre are 43 Oatacorabs '-'hich are uaed '-s unde -aground burial voults. They are f -rraed by eubterr'^nean galeries, the nu;nb^ ■ of whiffh constantly increased as Christianity kept sDre'-dlng. The Gatacorribs of St.Gallisto are the largest and "Iso count.-^tn th^ tomb of St .Cecilia' b. Those of St. S-bastian' s, guarded up to the time «f Gon-tna-'ino, couQtain remains of the Bodies of the Aposci^s Pet^r and Paul, Xirhich brought back to their original grav-s by Canatantine, the Basilicas of St.Petrr^r'- and Paul i^svr: built o^'-r th-f?.e graves.

CIRCUS MAXIMifS

The '^ircus l'îaximus, Rome mogC extensive monument, was almost com- pletely destroyed in th- tira- of F^^ul V. It was used for ch-rioc races, first institute by Tarquinius Fri.= cu<: in hono,r of Oonnue. It wa? a vast oblong of 730 yards, ending e.-'stward in " B-!fiicycl-, and surrounded by three tiers of eeata. At one time the Clrcut? was capable^ of accomoda- ting more than Sf^'O.OOü peraonp. '''he cli'cus was us-d until the sixth Century.

THE BATHS OF "JA'-IACALLA

These Baths v'hioh could accomodate 1000 bathers at once, Airere begun by Caracalla in '-ilg A.D. and finished und-.r AlexT.d-r teverua. The;, were supplied '"ith wate\' by th.-i Ar:tonine Aquaauct, whiCh branched hither '' )r that purpose frop; the Claudine, ov-r the ra fsnniü'rjd Arch of Di'usus, seen further alone the road near the gat=i.

irlfirlHHtWlUt-.- wi,--.f^r-,fl>

•r^^'-f. V.-1^-i^

Once a sv/anp between the Palntine, Vr-lia, Esquiline, Quirinal and Capitoline Hills, it was first the center of »ne, and later the center of the rrorld. It ••••as the center of all activ'ties, up to the tine of Constantine. It suffered ijnmeasely "hen Robert, the '^-uiscard, of Normandy, sariiert tone in the 11th centui-y. From nn for several centuritjs, it 'ras usod a^ a dumriinfT place. The rwbbish poured in hc/t-, riased it? s level up to the strept level of today.

Excavations were started by Poio Pius IX in the XIX Century, /kmon? the buildings and raon'unents to be seen, speci-l mention should be made of the .tomnn Sen?te, beean by Julius Ca-^sar and inau^^iratod by Augustus in B.C. 29. The ^.enple of Ceasar is the sito vrhere the body of Ceasnr was creamated. n^îrc one fxnds the the Temple of Vest? is ivhcre thr everlasting fire t'p.s left burning. Temi)lcs o;_ Castor and Polhex, vhich have the oldr;st and best columns of thr forum, _ The Trium- phal Arches of Titusr.no Spptimus Scvserus and, the Basilica of Constattine.

■••;-1.T"

■ 1 ?

con*

mlarged in the.- XIX

ST. JOHN'S Q^Tir.O.UL

B"'lt by C- • i.'ie, sinult-Jiionsly to the ¥' :

C(.-ntri:tcd originally to the name of "O'l'- S; vi-' i ". G Cintury, ■■■s n 'no . ft^r St. Jp'-.n'-,.

It suffered from many altfirations, vrhich turned it into a Barocquo constru- ction. Through the bronze mf-in door, a ralio of the lioiKin Senate, Vfo enter the main nave, surmounted bj^ a beautiful wooden ceiling, of the XVI Century. The marble statues along the main navoropresent the 12 A))ostlüs .-nd the plaster Bas-roliol, on the loft and right, represent Scenes of th -• old Testament.

The floor restored by Pope Pius XI tt.s Ir.id in the XIII Century. In the canopy, which sourmounts the main altar, arc St. Potcr's pjid St. Haul's f:u11s. At the "Tribunn" is the Ppnr.l Throne, sourmounted by a beautiful nasaic, -opresonting three different epochs.

At the loft end r.bove the iat.-w, and bclo-: the bronze canopy right Inside the •wall, a fc".' •Moodon boards arc kept, vrhich iTere brought from lîount Zion, by St. Helena, and are said to be the remains of the Last Supports Table.

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F T 0 '.T N TOURS

OSTIA

:7 ^T^z^ s --S3 r^r^^^-n^rÄ-Lsr^-'"-'

e^t^ri^ the Tiber HivBr, and move up towards .ione.

I^tor it beende very i:nportant >^-bour fd the f.^y gre^^o^o-^^« -^1.0.00 inhabitants, as .11 l.xge -^^^^l^^S^^^^ehouse's. T^'e oities' ruins offer f^^ji^iJ;^ r^rturrar^^orfan .et . .od idea of .... lUe ^ that period.

TIVOLI

^. »Clont -nw", *î- "■^rr^':"toî"».'°s.s :s5 S";ä»'

«lonps of the Apperjiine Mountains, is £'^°^^^J,°t . „„1 „ in thr^ XVI Century for the finest.

ALBAN HILLS v,\nh-,no

On the Appian .ay, passing by fî^l'^^Z^r^T^^^'^^^^^^^^ built over the remains of the ^^Pf f^ °f "3^/Hoside^e, on the shore of the co»e to Castle Gandolfo, where the ^f '^^. fT^^Lre v;e gencr.-lly take a stroll Tnchanting volcanic lake f„^i^°' -^rsT^on Marino, 'famous for it- s -ines «id through the magnifxcxent ^°™^-\^?'^^'^°^^;g f^crly fron one of the tœ-n's oldest on-the first Sund-^.y of October '.Txno flous vc^ xy delicacy of it' s ^n.nes and for TouSains. ^Ve -■^*,'^-f ^' -^^Stcnt^" S visit tîe Church .nd Chapel v.herc ^.e it- s Abbey f-M Church of the XI Century. ;^ vis ^.^^ ^^^^ ^^ i.v-scati,

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BORGIESIl GALLSRY

Tho Dorr-hüso ^alacc, which in now the Borghoao nallory,'.'. a the private aummoi- rociuonco of tho Bor£hose family. Built in X/II Contury countains many famoua pictui-'os and. statviea by Italian artist,

Amonc thorn wc mention j Canova, Borninij paintings on tho second floor by naffadlo,, Tintoretto, Botticelli, porugino, Halboin, voronoso otc«

ST MARIA Il/vGGIORI.

St. naria iiaggioro is one of tho groat Basilicas of Romo. BuilL in tho IV contury by tho Popo Liborius I, it contains tv/o big chapols, paolina and slstina, also tho tomb of tho groat acultor Bornlni-, Notice a marvolous XV contury mosaic by Torrita,

ST. PETER IH CIIAIMS

Tho Church v/aa built in tho V Contury, It countains tho chains of

St. potor and Pauli You can admiro tho famous Statuo of Iiosos - by

nlcholangolo - dono in tho XVI Contury.

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