PAPERS OF AN AMERICAN MISSIONARY IN CEYLON 1816-1818

WARREN, EDWARD. (1789-1818). Letters and journal, 1813-1822, chiefly kept while a missionary to Ceylon, 1816-1818. Approximately 130 closely written pages. In fine condition. The collection, $3000

Edward Warren, of Marlborough, Massachusetts, was one of the founders of the American Mission in Ceylon in 1816. His papers begin in 1813 with several letters written to his family from Philadelphia, where he was attending medical lectures and serving as a lay physician in the Philadelphia almshouse. In 1814 he learns about the mission to the East Indies, and in 1 8 1 5 he receives a letter from Rev. Samuel Worcester informing him of the creation of a mission to Ceylon, under the auspices of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions.

In late October 1815 he departs, and there are letters as well as a journal kept on board ship during November and December. In March 1816 he arrives at Colombo, Ceylon, and the remainder of the letters are written from Ceylon. The letters describe the country, the conditions, and the work of the missionaries. Warren died there in August 1818, aged 32, and the last few letters are from his fellow missionaries, describing Edwards' work in considerable detail.

In all the letters total about 94 pages and the journal 36 pages. The writing is very clear and legible (though a few letters are neatly cross-written), and the condition is excellent. The papers have remained in the family and unknown until now.

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Nov^a,^r a,n:ctio.i|o|^Ui(i^ricri^ .’

of M^-su.ii<, lio <,-u(>-,:oa the 'trcdi^l Fehool at PhiladeWa, ‘f^-

comiiicuOaUc tTifigoijcc and good sncccsar' AV/iiloTn' llvU tUy^

, ho |nd,,pnvny opi.catninlies of jnojiphu.g to dc^tiVuto/congreV gations.'aud m parts of the city wliejo the stated means of grace vycre not enjoyed ; and, in^CMnwct jc^ wij h tjie jainciit;'

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gW^faster of Arts in 1814, , and spent a considerable part' of the in-xt year in preaeWng to a people who, previously to hb' '

• going among tl,em, had been much divided ; but, in oonse: - ijuence.of the blessing of God on his labors, were qniteJ again, ' and enjoyed a pleasing revival of religion. They then urged him to-rcm.iin and become their pastor; but liis prcv'»ons,v“n.:-'

gagements i vi;dcred it imjrropei, in his .View, to cornnly, with - '

- their reqii. st. ' , • ' ,

In Wav, lSl^„he wps married to Mjss ,?arah Bardwclf, of ’ Goshen, .Aras.sachysef ts, and on Jhe 2|st of June, following was

,^i}^welJ^^^ lb'-

About tins time, he made the following entry' in hie journal, e.vprcssiva of his attachment to tUo missionary work i ‘

J What shall Ircnder to the Lord for al| his'mercics, especially ‘

^ or a ording me a near prespect ^of oonunciicijig the work • on"’ ' which my heart has been sojong and so con^antly set!' 'Vor more llnm .sqvbn:j^ars I|ayehad on^ desire of spendl '" '

mg >..y 1,|M m-w«\g:lbs?'^^tJren;. .#! fcr.Hw:.ny own’Hart; t •

do^ w.dt to snu^thha:^ ^6ut iwjircaYbini'lhe Go^jV " '

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^aih-ug (^r t\ic iii>tll (Ilf 2-hr ul At thitl fiiiKi

• in C'iMi|)4iiy ^\jlh • ini.i.-ioiuvv^ brcjhiqii optl , hf'.f'.in' haKit;(l in ivl r**r Ccylou. Wli^ir

lie coijj^.icfiiiiu froiM wcvjhii" af Ihc/tiiue .ol having ljhj»o;AUvo countj.y.fu^'l; :|11 duif wai ilvar.l)) him tiuue, Im nphvJ. " \WiY &ltCiuJd, l liayir ^ hcon wait \yilh

eight Tor ii\t 0|>|>ortMni!y Ut go and yicin'ii * '

tlie heathen. ]\ |i‘V,l ,pf^Pfh V'v|;t*at the hing Ahiia;.^ Ihit 41^*5 . day ou j^'ll^ich f hatlo faiewell to jny ivdivci jand \\as-t]ic hap- piest jiay ot uiy U Co.”, ^ •' i-i t I ... . .-js

Tile Dryud hail a favuralilo. xMyngti of five^ monllis ta (J*ol'>iU- ha. Mr. Uiclxai;^:!: short l.'uuu al‘tor\hil ;'*hicheJ

with iui. inHurmuation of the eycks.’'^ Not fh< iug'^suirn*i,rinly awaic of the dehilitatini; inllaVnioc of a tcooicul clmutevhe, in order to^ciinive the iiitluiiiiiiation,’ pioh^ihty 'r^*'Vin:en Uii p-y^ti'ln too low. ''TUi^j. in coiineet ion .\yitli miieh fnhync.'ni j^cnvVih'j . ' I'rmihCtqlAwnho iq,.Taf\iia^ ckniblic^ss Lud dhe Toand^i^ijhT;^ pulniotiary coinplpinis which finally Triimnatt;i.1 iu d.eatle lie arrived in Jnffnapalam about otic xcaA-arter aad i» ft few. 'Jneiitli:; r^Jniovcd to JhituOnUaj, uiieiithe \Vi\^ ai- sociated 'with MV. flere, alihotT^ii hjj hkyitli wjis

ble, hedahored wylh dlliyr^uoc m ;?U|>oiiniemt!n2 tliq repairig^f the ,buildrni(-i at'tluit and in ])iTnciiifig U} UpMiativv? tJiroughi ar> ■iiiterpiTter,' . Hut iri Sejdi.’inhpr, hv

ohlii^ed. to froin ' |)i nai’liing aiul fTem in oen^c- *.

quenec-of a cOiVgh a’nd'weakne.'S of the fnni^. ^

REV.JAVES RICHARDS.

61

brethren set sail from

v>i»iiiniuu, aiiu iii »^Miv jiuv.v iiiiivuu at CaDctown. Tnero ino bclovcrl Warren took his ileparture for a better world, and Id’t niM IrirnJ and brother to pursue Iiis earthly piWrima^e alone. Thr y had, for a long time, been united in the closest bonds of Cliri-sfian friendship. From the state of Mr. Richards’s health lit this time, it was thbught that the period of their separation cmild not be long. He remained at the Cape about four months. During the first three months of this period his heullli anil .strength were much improved, and he entertained raised expectations of final recovery ; but during the last muntli his symptoms took an unfavorable turn. He raised cnn.siderable blood from his lungs. His cough, also, became rmich worse; liis strength failed very fast, and he entirely lost his voice. During the greatest part of these four months he lived in the family of John Melville, Esq., the kind Jhiend of mis.^ionarics, and of all who love our Lord Jesus Christ in sin- cerity, wliere he was plca.srintly situated, and received every attention which it was in the power of the family to bestow.

In the JaitiT jiart of Novcml)er he embarked, in company with tlic Rev. ]\rr. Traveller and his lady, for Madras, where he arrived about the midille of January. The kind attentions of his fellow-passengers (fontribiitcd to his comfort and health; ami in Madras he found many friends. He next proceeded to Colombo, and frdlTi thence he went by water to Jaffnapatam. lliongh the di.stancc from this place to Batticotta is but seyen rniics, yet, as he was obliged to’travcLit by land, he performed the jfjunicy with ditfienUy. For a season/ he considered hiiA* self, and was considered by his' brethren, as near death. ' Bufr in August, 1819, his symptoms Were more favoraTrle, and not

U1

vindicated the American society. 25

Five more Andover graduates vrtio had volunteered some time before were

ordained in June in a ceremony attended by a great assembly, ^leir em— barkation at Neivburyport four months later, unlike the hurried departure

of the first group in 1812, was a festive event:

The day was very pleasant. A large concourse of people as- sembled on the wharf at which the vessel lay, and on the ad- joining wharves, and at other places which commanded a near view of the scene. The deck of the vessel was filled with visitors, mostly females, the particular friends of the missionaries, assembled to bid them a final farewell. . . .

The utmost stillness and solemnity prevaded the attentive multitude. A missionary farewell hymn was sung to the tune of Old Hundred, Mary were deeply affected and bathed in tears. After the hymn, the visitors on deck immediately stepped on shore; the brig left the v^arf, spread her sails to the breeze, and quietly entered on her course, followed by the gaze of many deeply interested spectators.

Since Samuel Newell had found the British authorities in Ceylon

friendly to the idea of an American mission there, this second company

proceeded to that island. One of their number, Horatio Bardwell, went on to Bombay to employ his printing experience in the press soon to be established there, but the rest commenced work in the district of Jaffna, in northern Ceylon, This island was traditionally the location of the Garden of Eden, the home of Adam and Eve, and had enjoyed the proselyting labors of first the Catholic Portuguese and then the Protestant Dutch in centuries past. Curiously enough, a correspondent in the Netherlands once informed Cotton Mather that it was the example of John Eliot and other New England apostles to the Indians in the seventeenth century that had inspired the Dutch to attempt the conversion of Ceylon and

25worcester to Charles Grant, Salem, December 15, 1816, in S. M. Worcester, Life and Labors of Samuel V/orcester. II, 397-398«

26

Panoplist. XI (1815), 533.

Friend Octt 19^1 p.l97

The American Board In India and Ceylon

The American Board In India and Ceylon

aurins tne war oi 1012 when Americans not popular In British territory. But once that v;ar was o there began a work which has enjoyed a more unlhterrupted

were

over

development over a longer period of time than has been known by our missions In any other part of the world. Today the Indlan-Ceylon field Is one of the largest and strongest of the Board. As will be suggested by this brief article some of the fundamental problems of missionary method and stra- tegy have come to be understood andtheir solutions have been wrought out in the relatively peaceful and continous deve- lopment of these missions. The "pax Britannica" still pro- vides a favorable environment for the free growth of the Christian movement.

An QldCivlllzatlon

India is a land of ancient civilization# A continuous religious development reaching back to the time of the early Vedas, from 1000 to possibly 2000 B.C. has constituted it a religious civilization through and through. Caste has made for social stability and conservatism and the Brahmans have developed thtough the centuries elaborate and profound philosophies. Bufwhith all this ancient learning and culture the great mass of the people were illiterate, Idloltrous and primitive in their manner of life, when the first mls- slonarles went to India. They found it necessary to work at both extremes of the cultural scale. They had to undertake the elementary tasks of educating and training people who were living in poverty, superstition and Idolatry j but they also had to prepare themselves to present the Christian gos- pel to men whose minds were equipped with the learning of

the ages and who were experts in dealing with the subtleties of religious thought.

while Hinduism is the dominant religion, there are large numbers of "ohammedans, about seventy millions out of a population of three hundred and fifty millions. In much

Parsees, Sikhs, Jains and

Buddhists. One of the strangest phenomena of the religious history of India is the birth there of Buddhism, its rise to power and then its complete disappearance. It remained strong in Burma and Ceylon but vanished from India and today only a handful of Buddhists are to be found in the country where Gotama was born. But: the Hinduism of ^ today has received

centuries during which his religion flourished

in India.

A Venture in Fai t.b

The first missionaries when they came upon this scene of diverse religions were appalled at the Idloatry ana the ignorance of the people and consumed with a desire to maice known the redeeming truth of the Christian gospel. From ne perspective of a century and a quarter their venturelooks iixe either madness or inspired faith and courage. But those iirst missionaries were sane enough and while they did not

rriend Oct. I941 p.197

ihe American Board In India and Ceylon

courage, their undertaking was more

and ^ today. They were not matching their strength

ancipnt To jsalnst the power of numbers and tradition In the

message of^ifp ^''sre simply humble bearers of God's

that thPv salvation to men who needed It. They knew

could, not save India but they knew that God could and they were sure that ue wnuld use them, , In their time, for the accomplishing of His purpose. Take this basic factor uifZ- misslonarv movement and It never would have begun.

Wltn It men and women of faith and daring have built up a world enterprise In the service of men and In the creation of a Christian Church I'^hlch more prudent and sophisticated minds would never have taken.

Three Missions

There are three missions of the American Board In this field, two in India proper and one In Ceylon. The Ceylon mission is in exteme northern part of the island where the Tamil language Is spoken. This means that It is near both geographically and In languagr to the 1‘iadura mission in bhe extreme southern tip of the Indian peninsula. The other one is located in the Warathl country about Bombay. The Board also cooperates in the Woman’s Christian College in Madras, Vellore ^’^edical College, St. Christopher's Training College in Bangalore, Mysore stat.

First Christian Leaders

‘j^wo ships brought the first group to India. Adonlram Judspn and Samuel Newell and their wives sailed on the Caravan and Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Nott, Gordon Hall and Luther Rice, on the aarmony. Cf this group only the Notts and *-*r. Hall actually had part in the founding of an American Board mission. Rice and ’Judson became BapJjlsts and Judson went to Burma. Samuel Newell s wife died on the Isle of France and he started for Bombay but landed on Ceylon where he stayed for six months. The Notts and Gordon Hall went to Bombay where they were at first refused permission to stay. After a period of uncer- tainty , however, they were finally allowed to settle and to begin what was the first Protestant mission in Western India.

That was in l£l.3.

Samuel Newell appealed to the Board to send missionaries to Ceylon. The war had ended in I8l4 and. the following year a party consisting of Edward Warren and four couples sailed for Colombo. Tn this groTrr^grg-9lH5r Richards, the onlv member of aa.ystack Prayer, ^‘^eeting^ac^guaTTFro^^ abro^*tr*t"‘mls- s 1 o na ry . T K e oTri^ mem' o f the party were Rev, and Mrs. Benjamin C. ^‘^elgs and Rev. and Mrs. Daniel Poor. Dr. and Mrs. Horatio Bardwell, also of the party, went on to Bombay, Thus the mission in Ceylon was founded in I816.

city of A'^^adura in south India, an ancient capl- Tamil kings, was visited in I834 by Lfevl Spaulding of the Ceylon mission. From the beginning it had been the inten- tion to open work in this region. William Todd and Henry R. Hoislngton came the same year with several native helpers and work was actually begun. For some years later the connection remained close. But Madura soon became the center of a strong

rrlend Oct. 19^1 p.l98

The /American Board In -^ndla and Ceylon

and well organize work.

Schools Opened

It will be Impossible here to give even In outline an account of the development and the present activities of these three missions. But It may throw light upon their progress and upon typical aspects and problems of missionary work If we deal topically with some of the outstanding features of these three missions as they appear In the history of more than a hundred years and as they emerge In the contemporary scene.

AS usual, the first thing the missionaries did In India was to open schools. Bven while the first comers were still learning the language and unable to preach In It these little schools were getting started. The reason for the school was obvious. People had to be able to read the Bible If they were to: get at first hand the Christian faith and teaching* The first schools were for boys only. When provision was made later for educating girls It was primarily In order that the boys trained to become Christian workers might have Christian wives. This Is still a matter of importance, for the Christian family Is basic to the creation of a Christian society and even to the living of a Christian life by Individuals. As time v/ent on, of course, girls' schools csjue to be carried on their own merits. Indeed, one of the chief contributions the Christian movement has made to India as well as to other countries Is the education of women and the reneral raising of the status of women.

The Boarding School

The part played by Hindus In the educational work of the mission represented a willingness from the first to cooper- ate with the missionaries. Many were eager to have their children get some education and were willing and more than willing to have them study the Bible* This Is still the case.

By the employment of Hindu teachers It was quite possible to carry on a very large number of scholls. There was no lack of teachers and the pay they received was very low.

But problems arose. To pay Hindus to teach Hindu children did not do much toward Instructing them In the Christian faith nor result in many converts. After all, the main pur- pose of the missions was to win people to faith In Christ.

A more effective method was found In the boarding school.

Here boys and, later, girls were directly and continuously under the teaching and Influence of missionaries and native Christian teachers. At first the schools were free and chil- dren were even paid to attend them. Such were the beginnings of Instutlons which were soon recognized to be of suuch value that parents were quite willing often at a sacrifice to pay tuition.

Two types of training school became necessary, one to train teachers for the elementary schools and one to prepare young men to become preachers and pastors of the churches.

Out of the early training schools developed colleges and theological seminaries. Jaffna College, In Ceylon, founded In 1872, and the American College In Madura are heirs of these early beginnings. The theological training Is now done In union Institutions In Pasuumalal, Bangalore and Poona. According to the English system mission colleges prepare

Friend, Oct. 1941 p.l93

The American Board in India and Ceylon

students for the examinations which are given by government universities. The universities are not collections of colleges as In America but examining boards. A similar situation exists as re^-vards theological education. Students In the theological colleges prepare for examinations which are given by the Serampore Theological Seminary, the only Institution In India authorized to give theological degrees. The one exception to this Is the United Theological College of Western India which gives Its own diplomas.

f he P-rohT am of H:ncr1 i gh

One question that greatly exercised the missions In the early period was that of Bngllsh education. Elementary schools used the vernacular exclusively, as was natural. But when It came to the training schools and higher education English was taught and text books In English were used. This seemed the natural and Indeed the almost Inevitable thing. No litera- ture existed In the Tamil and Marathi languages contalnlg the knowledge In which Hindu youth were to be educated. Alexander Duff, who did so much for the government educational system In India, made the use of English fundamental for this reason. But the Prudential Committee and Secretary Rufus Anderson made two objections to It. They pointed out that many Hindu young men came to the ml;sslon schools from no Interest In Christianity but solely to fit themselves for better paying posltlo.is and for the general advantage that accrued from being able to speak English. Another thing urged against English education was the fact that It created t' . great a cultural gap between the Christian worker and t people. The Board felt that such workers would be closer t' the people and more likely to serve them sympathetically nd tbostay with their Jobs If they knew only the vernac- ar.

The Anderson Influence

Because of these objections English ec ^tlon was reduced to a minimum or stopped entirely for a whll It was a mistake

as all the missions came to see.. It seem. have been

mainly due to the Influence of Rufus Andersen 'O was sec-

retary of the Board from I832 to 1866. Dr. Ande -on was a man of strong convictions and great Influence^ Ir I854 and I855 he headed a deputation team which visited the mis.slons In India and Ceylon and which together with the missionaries made a thorough study of all aspects of the work and formu- lated policies which were to govern It In the future. One tning decided upon was the elimination of English education. Another was the abandoning of the boarding schools. This too was seen to be a ml.°-^ake. But the reason for It was that energy put Into boarding r "lols was taken away from the village schools which. It wa felt, took education to the people In the most effective maner, and constituted a valuable agency of evangelism.

Early Mistakes Rectlfiea

Dr. dohn B, Chandlei , who wrote the history of the Madura mission for the seventy-fifth anniversary celebration, says that these decisions represented the mission at the candle light stage of theory. When the sunlight stage of experience came It was recognized that they were wrong and education went

Friend, oct, 1941 p. 208

The American aboard in India and Ceylon

back to the boarding school and to the use of ^nprllsh. And so it has continued. Dr. Chandler answers the charare that boys who learn English will use it to get better Jobs by pointing out the crreat help to the Christian movement that has been rendered by men in public life who got their education In mission schools and colleges# Boarding schools of ele- mentary and high school grade have become to be one of the most Inportant and extensive aspects of the missionary program and no one any longer questions their value. But the first decades were a time of learning and sometimes learning was done by trial and error.

VSiue of Native Pastors

There was another point insisted upon by the Anderson deputation and that was the strengthening of the village churches and the provision for training of native pastors, ihis was an essentially sound policy.. There were various mistakes made in carrying it out and there were great difficul- ties to be encountered but the growth of membership and strength among the churches that resulted fully Justified it. This development of the Indian Church has proceeded through slow stages. The first was to fit Indian pastors for leadership and to ordain them, '^ome of the first who were ptt in charge of congregations were not stable. The ptll of the old life and especially of caste was strong and ever present and some men yielded to it. There were also cases of plain Immortality.

But there were many men who brought high character and faithful service to the work of the pastorate. They cooperated with missionaries in raising standards of preparation, in safe guarding ordination and in preserving the integrity of the Christian ministry.. In the harathl mission some outstanding Brahman leaders gave strength to the church.

development of the ecclesiastical form of the church Itself. A Congregational order modified

Presbyterianism cam generally to prevail* ihe trend has been all along toware closer union with other communions and for a long time our churches In the Wadura and Ceylon areas have been a part of the United Church of South

Marathi country have been Included in the United Church of «orth India. Now the United Church of

working toward a still more inclusive union

Hr other communions. Whether this will finally be

effected cannot now be predicted.

The Caste Bvstem ^

7711 col greatest obstacles to the Christian

his hPP ^^® system. Many Hindus, as

thf already, were glad to have their children study

thL wo ® gospel story themselves.

often willing even to profess the Christian faith-

their caste distinctions and prac- 7^1 iu® “^sslona rles could notallow caste distinctions ri- J^® The ultimate test of one’s qualification

‘^'^® ^J^^rch was often his willingness to break ^ ofj,, 1 commune wlfeh Christians of lower castes. The

struggle 'has gone on and Is not ended even today. There were

Friend '■^ct. 1941 p. 209

The American doard In India and Ceylon

times v;hen the people violently reasserted the claims of oraste and the church lost largely in membership. But It has grown in spit of these outbursts, and it still stands against the admission of caste distinction.

In Ceylon the early membership of the Church was largely from the middle class Velala caste. This has meant that there were many able leaders but It created certain difficulties at first. The very fact that these Christians were caste people In good social standing with the general Hindu community made it more difficult for them to separate themselves from practises that were Inconsistent with their Christian profession. They also found It difficult to fraternize with Christians of lower castes ot of no caste at all. Indian leaders are fully aware of this problem and are working resolutely to solve It on the basis of a genuine Christian fellowship.

People of many castes and of various outcasts groups are In the churches of the Kadura mission. In the Marathi country some of high caste, Including a few Brahmans, came into the church. With them In the same fellowship were and are many out- castes. Bo long as caste con^tlnues In India evennln modified form and, one might add, so long as human nature remains what It Is this caste problem will be a major challenge to the universality and purity of the Christian fellowship In Indla- and In the rest of the world!

Government Aid

After the first Inauspicious beginnings the missions found that the British government In India not only kept the peace but also provided substantial help especially In the support of schools. The system by which this is done Is called "grants-ln-ald". Schools which meet the educational standards of the government are given money grants. From the beginning the Ceylon mission took large advantage of this assistance.

The Madura mission did no^. It was feared that there would not be complete freedom In the teaching of religion and that it would constitute an Interference with the work of the schools to have government Inspectors visiting them. Froml838 until 1870 the subject was up intermittently for discussion. For a long time no aid would be received but the objections were finally withdrawn and schools generally participated In the benefits of the grant-ln-ald. It was found that Inspectors' visits had no bad effects and that there was notlnterf erence In the matter of religious instruction. The growth of the church Itself has been greatly helped by this kind of aid from the government. Teachers supported by It have been leaders of the churches in communities which otherwise could have had no such educated leadership. The government does not supply this help to schools as a subsidy to the Christian program but solely In the Interest of education. Similar grants are given to schools of any re- ligious character or of a purely secular type when they meet the educational needs of !Kh§ people and conform to the required standards. Such help has been on a larger scale In Ceylon and Madura than In the Marathi mission.

Friend Oct. 194l p.21o

The American doard In India and Ceylon

New Problems Arising

It should be said, in this connection, that while there has been occasional lack of sympathy between local administra- tors and the missions, In the main the attitude of government has been one of encouragement and many individuals In govern- ment and the civil service and In private life have contributed In various ways to the work of the missions. During the last few years, under the new constitution, seven out of eleven of the provincial governments have been controlled by the Congress party. When the government of India declared war against Germany wltnout consulting the Indian legislature and sent Indian soldiers out of India these Congress govern- ments resigned. They had been In office too short a time to tell whether there would be any marked change In the attitude of the official agencies toward missionary work and any modi- fication of the practise of grants-ln-aid. Undoubtedly the Indianlzatlon of government will create a new situation. It need not necessarily be unfavorable to the progress of Christian activity, for Indian C'^rist ans are normally In full sympathy with the legitimate nationalism of their country.

Medical Missionaries

It seems strange today to find that medical work was ad- mitted only slowly and in the face of opposition Into the pro- gram of the missions* The missionaries and even more the Pru- dential Committee f It that such work would divert energies from distinctly religious efforts and they did not see for a time the need of such service. But it began Just the same. In Ceylon both Richards and Warren, who had some medical tralnliig, did what they could and layer Dr. John Scudder came to the mission. He was an ardent evangelist and both In Ceylon and later In Madura he combined his medical practise with the dis- tribution of tracts and preaching. Dr. Natham Ward came In 183^ and began the training of native medical students, a work which was taken over by Dr. Samuel Fisk Green In 1847. Dr, Green^ translated many medical works Into Tamil and trained a considera- le number of Ceylonese medical practitioners . He, too, was indefatigable In evangfelistlo work. Yet as late as the l&50*s the board refused to recognize medical servlcd as a legitimate part of the mission progra m. This was another “candle light? view which was soon abandoned. Today the doctor, the nurse and the hospital constitute one of the major types of Christian worker and both aaJa means of reaching the Individual with the gospel message and of exhibiting the Impulse of Christian love medical missions have a place of deserved honors Yodern DSveloument?^

The latter part of the last century was a period of building and development of institutions, colleges, schools and hospitals ^ strikingly significant centers of work. The great famine Of lb97 had a pronounced efifect especially on the program of the Marathi mission. The destitution and suffering caused by this famine led the mission to develop industrial education In order to provide as many as possible with a means of making a living. This type of education had also once been opposed In the Interest of a more directly religious program, but both the need of the people and the Impulse of the missionary to meet that need finally

Friend Oct. 1941 p, 211

The American Board in India and Ceylon

drought about a complete change in attitude. In Satara,

Ahmednagar, Sholapur and Bombay there are flourishirg centers of social work. The Nagpada Neighborhood House in Bojnfey is the outstanding institution of its type in India. Non Christians have cooperated generously in t'-'ese efforts* Dr. Clifford Manshardt, director of the Nagpada Neighborhood House has for several years been director of the Tata Trust, a large en- dowment for social work in the Bombay Presidency established by a wealthy and enterprising Farsee family. In Satara re- presentatives of different religions and of government co- operate in the social program.

Religious Programs Comes First

Yet in all this development the missions ha ve never lost sight of their work and the prime Importance of the Church as the distinctive institution of the Christian faith. The main feature of the work of the Madura mission today is a program designed to train lay leaders for the churches by institutes and in other ways to strengthen the organfczation and extend the activities of the Church. The Church Council under the leadership of Rev. Raymond Dudley is pressiong vigorously this whole effort. It is reminiscent of a similar emphasis that follov/ed the visit of the Deputation in 185^ and* 55 but there is a vastly stronger basis and leadership now with which to work. In all this develppment of the Churchthe ideal is an Indian Church, led by Indian pastors, worshipping more and more in an Indian manner and meeting the needs of the India of today. Quite early the production of Indian Hymns and the adaptation of Indian forms of music for use in Christian worship was begun and it has flourished. Preeminent among Indian Christian poets is Narayan Vaman Tllak but there are others and this embodiment of the beauty and truth of the gospel in Indian literary form is only begun.

Devoted Leaders

This article must close although it has only begun to suggest the real story of the American Boaord missions in India and Ceylon. Many important events, personalities and issues have not even been mentlond. But such is the service of the hundreds of men and women who have made i,ip the working force ‘of the missions through the years. They lived and labored and died not to be rememvered and pralded, but to give the people of India the knowledge of God's saving love in Christ and to- make better the lot of people whom they came to love During the first twenty years there were more of these mis- sionaries hurled in the soil of India than there were Indians won to Christ, The price was high in those days but they paid it uncomplainingly. They had no furloughs and little medical attention. They did not even have the summer refuges In the hills that were later acquired to which missionaries might go to escape the terrific heat of a tropical summer. Butthe experience gained through their sufferings and death and their intelligent wrestllnv the problems that arose, gradually led to a development of mission policy and practise which has made the Christian mission of today exceedingly efflctfent and relatlve- lyeconomlcal of human material. Their devotion remains a lasting inspiration not alone to the present generation of missionaries but to the whole Church.

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G4

REPORT.

1813.

1813.

REPORT.

upon the Legislature; praying, that, in the new Charter, there may be some efTectual provision ii» favor of the propagation of the Gospel in the Company's extensive and populous territories. If these petitions liave failed, or sliall ultimately fail of success, tlie failure will be greatly la- inented by the true iriends of the gospel and of the best interests of mankind, both in Gre;it llritain and in this country.

The information, which our missionaries obtained at Calcutta respect- ing Airmail, and by which they were deterred from proceeding thither was probably more particularly detailed, in letters wiiich have not yet arrived, than in those which have been received. It appears, liowever, that war, both civil and foreign, was raging in that empire; and tiiat the missionaries, who had been sent thither from London, and the Baptist Missionary Societies, had been obliged to leave the country. These arc strong facts; and doubtless will appear to this Board suiRcient to justify our brethren, in rclimjuishing, for the present, a design which had been entertained with great fervency of hope, and in regard to which no small disappointment is felt. The committee, however, do not abandon the hoi)e, that a door may yet be opened, at no very distant period, for the propagation of the gospel in Birniah.

Though disappointed in regard to the Birman empire, and obstructed in British India, our missionaries, at their last dates, were by no means discouraged. They still had hope of obtaining footing at Bombay, or Surat, in a way similar to that in which missionaries had obtained foot- ing, notwithstanding the dilficulties always presented in ditferent parts of India. And should they fail there, they had assurance of being al- lowed to establish a mission at Ceylon; where a field of no small extent or promise would be open to them. Of tliis Island, as a field for mis- sionary labors, the Directors of the London Missionary Society, in their last report, give a very favorable representation A gentleman resident there, as quoted by the Directors, says, “I hope the Missionary Society, and ail other societies for promoting the glorious cause, will strain every nerve to send some able teachers to this country. Never was such a harvest as is here prepared for the reapers.”

Our missionaries mention, in very grateful terms, the courtesy, hos- pitality, and generosity, which they experienced from many persons at Calcutta, Serainpore, and Port Louis. At Calcutta, in addition to va- rious other acts of liberality, collections were made for them, in money, of upwards of seven hundred rupees — more than three liundrcd dollais. For these collections, they express very particular obligations to the Bev. Mr. Thomason, an Episcopal clergyman, who on nil occasions iiad acted towards them the part of a Christian and a friend. And when J\Ir. Newell left Calcutta for the Isle of France, he had a letter of credit, from Dr. Carey to a house in the latter place, to be used, in case of ne- cessity, until he should receive from us tlie means of repayment.

The Prudential Committee liavc not lost sight of the design of tliis Board, respecting a mission to the Iroquois, or Caghnawaga Indians. It is a design peculiarly near to their hearts; but lliey have to lament, that, on account of the war, it cannot at present be carried into elFcct. May the God of mercy grant, that the present obstructions may soon be removed, and a door yet be opened for the Gospel to be imparted to our pagan brethren of the wilderness, whose claims for commiseration are

most unequivocal and affecting; and in regard to whom, before the great r, Trent of all, a responsibility the most awful rests upon the people of iltrse States.

.Messrs. Richards and Warren, who for two years have been under tho partifidar patronage df this Board, soon alter they had closed their studies, a year ago, at the Thcoktgical Institution, went, under the di- rection of the Prudential Committee, to I’hiladelphia, for advancement m medical science. They have been in that city about ten months; and have there received marks of courtesy and liberality, which are mention- f d by tliem in terms of fervent gratitude, and which claim the grateful acknowledgments of this Board. From regard to the service to which they arc devoted, they have been admitted, gratuitously, to an entire course of lectures in the celebrated Medical Department of tho Penn- ‘-vlvania University; and, recently, have been placed in very eligible ‘•iiiiations, one in the Pennsylvania Hospital, and tlie other in the Phila- delphia Almshouse — situations not only exempting them Irom a princi- pal part of the expenses of living, hut ntfording them advantages for medical imjirovement, not exceeded, probably, by any in the United States. Besides attending to their medical studies, llicy have been ein- ]tloyed, for a considerable part of the time, by the Missionary Society Ml Philadelphia, and have performed jointly, in the city and vicinity, ilie duties of one missionary: thus favoring the funds ol this ]?oard, improving themselves as preachers, and doing good, we devoutly trust, to the souls of many. They will be ready for our service abroad, when- <'\rr it shall be judged expedient to send them.

Notwithstanding the embarrassments of the times, th^ liberality of the Christian public towards the objects ot this Board has been such, in the course of the year, as highly redounds to the praise of Divine grace. *hir brethren and friends in the Auxiliary Societies in the different parts of our country, have exerted themselves with very exemplary and niiimating zeal, and are entitled to the most affectionate and grateful re- cognition on this anniversary. The donations to tlic Board have been published as they were received. The amount received Irom Sept. 1, I^Pi, to August 31, 1813, exceeds eleven thousand dollars, as will ap- pear more particularly by the Treasurer’s annual accounts. Several Auxiliary Foreign Mission Societies have been formed within the year past; hut the exact number cannot ho stated, as it is frcipicntly .some months after these societies arc formed before antbcutic information is received from them.

In the close of this Report, t!ic Pnidcntial Committee would deliber- ately say, that, in a general revioTV, they sec no ren.'-on for discourage- ment, or for a remission of activity, on the part ol this Board or its friends; hut abundant cause of thaiiklulnc.'^s, and increased exertion. If, when we engaged in our great riesign, wc were not prepared for trials — if wc did not lay our account for occurrences apparcntl} adverse, and calling for the utmost firmness of faith, steadiness ol purpose, and * iiergy of action; we had profited hut little by (he cxiierience of ages, bad observed to little purpose the unvaried course of Divine dispensa- tions, and were but ill <|ualified for an undertaking of this arduous and momentous kind. Hitherto our trials have heen comparatively light; and our encouragements many and great. It is only three years since tlie 0

66

REPORT.

1813.

first meeting of this Board, then only a voluntary association, leeble, destitute of funds, and unassured of any adequate patronage. It is not time to have achieved much in the pagan world: if any thing has been done in the way of preparation — in giving stability and elliciency to the institution — in gaining the attention and favor of the Christian [uiidic to tlie design, obtaining the requisite funds lor its support, and devising and maturing plans for carrying it into eflect; — we liave not labored in vain, but may reasonably hope to reap in due time. That the heathen world is to be converted to Christ is as certain, as that the word of God is true: that this is to be ctfected by tiie instrumentality of Christians is as evident, as llie Divine institution of the Christian ministry is unques- tionable: that the time for its accomplishment is near, both the word and the providence of God unecjuivocaily declare. Preparations for this great event have been commenced upon a vast scale; and, amidst the porten- tous commotions of the world, arc advancing with astonishing constan- cy and celerity. Not to discern the signs of the times, were a proof of most deplorable blindness; not to hail with grateful joy the advance of Him to whom the kingdom of the whole earth belongs, were a fear- ful indication of inward hostility to his cause; not to be zealously en- gaged in the great design of bringing all nations under his benign do- minion, were to betray a deadness of heart, an unbelief, a devotedness to the world, or a pusillanimity, unworthy the Christian name. With humble reliance on Him, may this Board be steadfast and unmovablcy always abounding in the ivork of the Lord,

PECUNIARY ACCOUNTS.

The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in account current ivit/i Jeremiah

Evarts, their Treasurer, Dr.

To cash paid from Sept. 1, 1812 to Au". 31, 1813, in conformity to orders from No. 25 to No. 52 incluMve, signed the clerk of the Priidenlinl Committee, for expenses incurred in the prosecution of llie objects of the Board J^8,G03 05 To losses by connlerfeit bills received in donations - - - 8 00 — 8,011 05

To balance carried to the credit of new account, Sept. 1, 1813 - - - 8,077 59

10,688 04

Conti'a Cr.

By balance brouglit to the credit of new account, Sept. 1, 1012, as appears by

the Auditor’s certificate of Oct. 0. 1812 ,Si5,252 43

By cash received in donations, as particularly publislied in the Panoplist, from

Oct. 1312 to Sept. 1813 ^11,284 90

By avails of a dollar, winch proved to be genuine, ihougli supposed to be counterfeit, and charged as such in last year’s account ... 9-1

By interest on money lent 150 3-1 151 28

S\e,m 64

1813.

ADDRESS TO THE CHRISTIAN PUBLIC.

67

ADDRESS TO TIIE CHRISTIAN PUBLIC.

OCTOBER, 1613.

In behalf of the American Board of Commissioner.s for Foreign Mis- sions, the subscribers, a committee for the purpose, Ixig leave to solicit the attention of the Ciiristian pulilic to the cause iu which the Board is engaged, and for the promotion of whicli it was originally instituted, and has been since incorporated. We are not backward to state, at the com- mencement of this address, that we shall lay before the reader, with great satisfaction, some of the facts and reasons on which our attach- ment to this cause is founded, and wliich, we are sure, will not fail to commend themselves to every enlightened conscience, and to make an impression on every pious heart. The cause itself is transcendently glorious, and deserving of the warmest approbation of ail men, however imperfectly, or feebly, we may state its claims. To doubt, or hesitate, in regard to the urgency of these claims, and the duty of keeping them liab- itually in view, would be equally repugnant to our feelings, and dishonor- able to our profession as Christians. Can it be a matter of doubt, or of inditference, to any man, who has the Scriptures in his hands, and has profited by perusing tliem, whether Christianity is to become, at some future day, the religion of all mankind? — whether its transforming power i.s universally to infiuence the hearts and the lives of men? — whether the word of God is to be read, understood, and obeyed, by the nations now sunk in idolatry and ignorance? — whether this grand consummation is to be effected by the means which men are voluntarily to supply? — or whether there is an imperious necessity that Christians should zealously co-operate in this great work of the Lord?

The object of the Board is one — the promulgation of Christianity among the heathen. The means, by which this object is designed to be effected, are of two kinds; — the publication and distribution of the Scrip- tures in the different languages of the nations; and the support of faith- ful missionaries to explain, exemplify, and impress on tlie mind, the great truths which tlie Scrijitures contain.

In regard to the distribution of tiie Scriptures, tlie Board is in fact, though notin name, a Foreign Bible Society; and, under this as|)cct, we earnestly request that its advantages may be considered by all, wlio would joyfully place the Bible in the Iiands of Pagans. Confined in its 0[)crations to no part of the globe in exclusion of other parts, the Board can extend the sovereign balm wherever there are spiritual maladies to be Iiealed; enjoying the benefit of established plans ol correspondence and co-operation, the result of its proceedings can ho more prompt than could otherwise be expected; and having its attention long fixed on the most promising fields of exertion, its .agents will acquire a facility of ac- tion, which can never bo applied to single, insulated, and sudden efforts. 'Phrough the instrumentality of the Board, every charitable person, liow- ever retired or obscure, has it in his power to send the Bible to those very heathens, than whom none of the human race can need it more, and on whom there are peculiar encouragements to bestow it. A known.

88

REPORT.

1814

were all here; the thinjrs were all carried below; the boats were engage to carry them on hoard ship, ami the carpenter to go and fasten ihegj Tlie friend who had charge of the things, tlien went to the Captain Tq orders to have them received oti I>oard. The Captain went to the pg odice for the money for our passage; the money was refused, and it reported tluit we were ttot to go. 'J'he friend returned with this info^ niation, and the things were all put into a room below, and the cooling dismissed. About live, Mr. Goodwin, the senior magistrate of police called tipon us to say, that our letter had been communicated to the Council; and that upon examination, it had i)cen found, that no orders of any kind had been received from Bengal, of a later dale than th^ IBth of November, and that the government would allow us to remain until they sliouhl receive further orders from Bengal concerning ug T. his intelligence, at this decisive moment, has filled us with great joy- and given us great hopes, that we shall yet be allowed to remain at Bombay. JIow wotulcrful and Iiow merciful are God’s dealings with us>” The next morning, '2'Zd Dec. they received the following olficial note

*‘To the. Gordon Hall, and the Rev. Sainucl Nott, American

Mi issionarics.

“Gentlemen, I am directed by the Right Honorable the Governor in Council, to acf]Maiiit you, that under the expectation of receiving some further instructions Irorn the Supreme Government respecting you, he has determined to defer the carrying the directions he has received into execution, until such instructions shall arrive.

“I am, gentlemen, your obedient servant,

W. Newniiam, Sec. to Governments^ ^^Bomhaij Castle, Dee. 21, 181T

Our last letters from these brethren appear to have been forwarded to England by the same ship, in which they themselves expected to have been conveyed thither, and which sailed from Bombay on tlie 2;id of December. Later than this date we have no intelligence from them. From lltc facts and circumstances now communicated, however, your Committee derive a pleasing confidence, that our mission may obtain an cstahlishmont at Bombay: and they are persuaded that this whole Board, and the Christiati i)uhlic extensively, will unite with them in adoring the goodness oi tlie Lord, so remarkably displayed in the signal inter- positions ol his providence in behalf of our missionaries. Under l*rov- idence, grateful acknowledgments are due to the Right Honorable Sir Lvan Nepean, for the candor, magnanimity, and kindness, exhibited in his Ueatment of the missionaries, so crcdilahlc to his character, as a magistrate and a (diristian. Nor can tlie Committee forbear to express their high sense of tlie admirable s|)irit and conduct sliewn liy the mis- sionaries themselves, in the circumstances of severe trial in which they have i>een called to act. 1'hc evidence liere exhibited of their firm- ness, their perseverance, tlicir wisdom, and their devotedness to the groat object of their mission, cannot fail to raise lliem in the estimation and alTection of this Board, and to secure to them the confidence and favor of the Christian public.

RETORT.

89

jgl4.

Onlbe24lb of Feb. 1813, Mr. Newell embarked at the Mauritius, n board a Portuguese brig, bound to Bombay, but destined to touch at Pnint de Galle in the Island of Ceylon. At the latter place he expected meet one or both of the otlicr brethren; but on liis arrival, he learned ILt they were both gone to Bombay. Suiiposing, however, that they ^ niild not be allowed to remain there, he thought it best for hitn to slay ^ Ceylon where lie was assured of the protection and favor oi Governor Lwnrigg, and other principal oilicers of the government. He imiiie- j.otclv despatched a letter to the brethren at Bombay; and by the re- turn of the mail he received an answer from them, from which he Icarii-

A that though their situation at Bombay was .piile precarious, yet they

Ld considerable hope that they should he allowed to establish them- !ies there, and thnusht it advisable for him to direct Ins studies with a view to that place. Accordingly, as soon as he could niake ments for the purpose, he commenced the study ol the Sangskn , 1 -

Lstanee, and Tersian languages; and (jmetly pursued this study until some time in November, when, from information received from lie brethren in Bombay, he felt himself compelled to give np all hope of the establishment of the mission at that place, pom the time ol his ar- val in Ceylon, however, till the date of Ins last letter, Im preached m English constantly, once, twice, or three times a week, to ^

half-cast people; of whom, he says, “there are thoii.sands in Columbol who stand m need of instruction as much as the I'catp" and among whom he hoped his labors would not be m yam. At the date of his^ast letter, Mr. Newell supposed that his brethren ;

tuallv on their passage to England, and that he was left alone. Stript, savs^he “of all my domestic enjoyments, by the death of my vyife an h Id and eparated from all m'y dear missionary associates, I find my- elf a’solitary^p.lgrim in the midst of a heathen land. My heart is some- times quite overwhelmed with grief. But my ^ ^

my determination, to try to do something lor he "

around me. My conviction of the duty and practicability of ing the heathen has not been diminishod, but great y increased by . hft I I ve witnessed in this part of the world.” Thus c.rcumstancp he was undetermined in regard to the field ,n which to whether to remain in Ceylon, or attempt an estah ishment f p the head of the Persian Gulf. The reasons which weighed m fo rnind for the one and for the other, he states at arge, and m a 'P' pj p'p' ‘ dicates much attention and rellection. H.s trials, though d, fe ent from those of his brethren, have been not less pamfnl;and appear pp ^ ^

sustained in a manner not less creditable to ihe character ‘

missionary. He must have been greatly rejoiced to '

less did in a short time, that his hrelhren had not been sent to I'-pp. as he supposed; and if they have been permuted to remain at Bombay, he has probably joined them there, ,o the great joy of ihem alk

Messrs. RichUls and Warren, who. at the time ol our ^ '

meeting, were, as then reported, i„ very Higd.le sitnations at • " | Jp phia, have just completed their respective i.enods ''^'''"■''"''"’'’','‘''“1 ” and, so far as appears, very much to ihcir own satislaction, a satisfaction of those with whose patronage and friendly oHicc y have been favored.

12

VI

90

REPORT.

1814.

Soon after our last annual meeting, Messrs. Benjamin C. Meigs, Burr Baldwin, Horatio Bardwell, and Daniel Poor, were admitted by the I’rudcntial CVuumittee, as candidates for our missionary service; and since, after such a |)eriod and ineasurt? ol trial as llic Conniiiltee judged suitable, tliey liave all, excepting Mr. Baldwin, been formally received as Missionaries, to be umlcr the patronage ami direction of this Board. Mr. Baldwin has been prevented from being thus received, by feeble health, which the Committee greatly lament, and from which they de- voutly hope he will ere long be recovered.

Messrs. Richards, Warren, Meigs, Bardwell, and Poor, will hold them- selves in readiness to go forth to forth to the heathen with the glad tid- ings of salvation, as soon as Providence shall open the door for their being sent. At present the door at every point seems to be closed by the war; but this Board and the fiiends of Christian missions will not cease to pray, that the war may soon be terminated; nor arc the Com- mittee without liope, that, should it continue, some way will neverthe- less be found out for the conveyance ot the waiting missionaries to their destined fields ol' labor.

From three other young gentlemen, one now a practising physician of distinguished promise, another a student at the Theological Seminary at Princeton, and tlie other a student at the Theological Seminary at An- dover, the (..’oinmittee have received very pleasing communications, ex- pressing their desire to be cng.aged in the missionary service, under the direction of this Board. But upon lliese applications, as they are yet quite recent, no decisive act has been passed,

It will appear, by the statements which the Treasurer will furnish, that the liberality of the Christian public toward this Board is continued and extended. New associations are formed for the purpose of contributing their aid. The ninnher of pious persons, who are becoming acquainted with the wants and the miseries of the heathen world, and who are desir- ous of uniting their cirorts to remove these wants and alleviate these mis- eries, is evidently on the increase. Your Committee liave reason to be- lieve, that should Providence soon prepare the way for the establish- ment of missionary stations in dilferont pagan countries, an adequate number of pious, able, devoted servants ofClirist would offer themselves as heralds of the gospel to the heathen, and the means would not be withheld of supporting them in their most laborious, as well as most be- nevolent, unriertaking. It is a pleasing tlionght, and one which may he indulged without j)resumption, that the Redeemer will graciously bestow upon Christians in America the honor of becoming joyful instruments in promoting his cause, and advancing the progress of the millennium, not only within our own borders, hut extensively also in foreign lands. How noble will he the distinction, should we he known as a people, to the inhabitants of distant continents and islands, not as covetous of ter- ritory,— not as ambitious of political dominion, — not as engrossed by commerce and swallowed up by tlie cupidity of avarice; — but as the lib- eral dispensers of unsearchable riches, as cheerfully and zealously im- parting to otliers God’s unmerited bounty to ourselves.

VVliile regarding the subject in this point of light, your committee cannot refrain from expressing their joy, that this glorious work has been begun; — that it has been formally and systematically entered upon by

1014.

report.

91

Christians in this country;-that missionaries, m

2 d, have been engaged on the gV" fn the com-

f;*,.e’people in the.r

So,

India;— men of enlarged views and great ac i . p,„;,.ence‘— have most dignified magistrates and persons of the necessity of

inlqu.vocally -f of the people in missionaries, and their ^ „ description have joyfully haded

,n.oral point of eat work of cvangeh-,,.i.g mankind

, he co-operation of America, m t g ^ wish that

as a most desirable event. 1 hey , k god. The limits of this

our efforts may be greatly and ,|,ow your Committee to

Report, already too long these assertions are made.

or.,,.

sionaries, that iiotwithstandmg . t ^y all they have seen

ities, they have been ^^cticability and duty of supporting m.s-

and heard, not only of the ^ is evidently their high-

sions, hut of its being their part cular ^ ,,1y devoted to this work,

est pleasure, to consider repeated discussions of this topic

They are also convinced, as thmr r ,p Providence in

abundantly prove, that whatever y ^ of Christians to take

regard to themselves or their mis. « prevail, and to resolve,

« brretv'o’tVot "“>»•> .«

the earliest opportunities, ^J - Cies would have received our first

We had calculated, that our . . Cieir last letter, as this remit-

remittance at an earlier date than that^ofUim^ ^ tance was sent from London y .leJavcd But, through the kind-

could not, we think, be much S for them in every place

ness of friends whom that dur brethren would he put

they had visited, there '"f '^^.i^jental delay of remittances. .

to serious inconvenience by y ^le Committee would direct their

At the conclusion of their P ’ jjjic They need not solicit, what respectful attention to the a candid perusal of

will be granted of course an ^,,,1 of the papers which follow it. All

this their annual communication \|,e gospel to the heathen;

who have contributed to send the 1 1 interest m the history

all who love the prosperity of ^^.ip ,,erceive the necessity of

of our infant mission, and, ri-pp object in view is so tran-

continued and persevering exei ■ halting or hesitation in the

impir...., Such • pro.pec. w.ll

putrait, »h.le mi J .ithout sulT.riPB * i™[K>rarj ed'pie.

remain, we are persuaded, witno

nr,iM>iiT.

l-’-i

1«15.

f^ovnrnment: an invaluahio lilessiiig, and one upon which we could never calculate under a heathen govornnicnt.”

Such was the silnation, such wore the occupations, tlic sentiments and prospects ol our missionaries at Houihay, nitic months ago. Later than that time wo iiavc no accounts tVoni them; hut wc have reason, we thinly with a good degree of confidence, tlial, ore this day, they have become so expert in the language of the country, as to he able to preach to the perishing natives (he words of eternal life. The station in which, after many disappointments. Divine I’rovidence has placed them, is a most important one, and peculiarly eligible for the permatient seat of a central mission. In tlu^ midst o! an extensive and populous region, they have a fiehi apparently open to them, siillicient for the employment of hundreds of laborers; nor do they seem to entertain a doubt that others of their brethren from this country would he permitted to join them, and take part with them in their work. And besides Bombay and the surrounding country, they rospcctfnily hut earnestly direct our attention toother fields: particularly to Cochin and its environs, where they think there would be little ilifficulty in establishing a mission, and where many interesting circumstances, some of them rendered doubly interesting by the glowino- rojwescntaiions of Dr. Buchanan, invite to the attempt; and the island ol' Ceylon, where every facility to missionary enterprize is offered, and where an extensive field appears to he white already to the harvest.

To tins last mentioned field the eyes of your Committee have long been turned, with ardent desire and hope. Tmmediately afier the re- storation of peace, an event most auspicious to every interest dear to the good man’s heart, and claiming the most grateful acknowledgments to Him who sits as King on tiie holy Hill of Zion, it was resolved to lose no time m fitting out a new mission to the East. Of the five mission- aries who had for a considerable lime been licid in an anxiously waiting posture, Messrs. Richards, Bardwoll, and Poor, were designated for tins mission, whicii was particularly intended for the Island of Ceylon. At the same time, it was proposed to send the other two, Messrs. War- ren and Meigs, on an exploring mission to some of the Indian tribes m the western and southern ton ilorics of this country. In pursuance of tliosc resolves the 2lst of Juno was appointed as the day, for settincr apart the five brethren for their sacred work, by solemn ordination.

On the appointed day the missionaries were ordained, at the Presby- terian clmrcli m Newhuryport. Ten churches by ti.eir Pastors and del- egates, together with the Rev. IVofessors of the 'Plieological Seminary at Andover, assisted in the solemnities of the occasion. Propitious heaven smiled on the day. A vast coiicoutse of people assembled, and gave every attestation of deep interest. After the usual ordination solemn- Uios, about seven hundred communicants of different churches sat down torrctlior at the table of their common Lord and Savior gratefully to connneinorate that divine love which was displayed in theg%at pro- pitiation hir the sins of the whole world, soleninlv to testify their joint participation in the heavenly design of imparting the blessings of salva- tion to the perishing heathen, and nnitcdly to set their seal to the prayers and thanksgivings, and vows, and sacred transactions of the day Tlie scene throiighont was most interesting, impressive, and refreshing- and was a precious earnest, as wc may devoutly hope, of immortal blessings to many in distant lands, and of the holy joys of that day when they

UF.PORT.

1815.

hall come from the East, and from the West, and from the North, and Lm the South and sit down together in the kingdom of Gotl.

Without delay, arrangements were made, in the Impe that the Mis- ionaries ftould soon depart to the scenes of their respective destinations.

Rut unforeseen hindrances have occurred; and Divine Providence, tn ■he mean time, has overruled one considerable part ol the Comniittee s ricriiial plan. In two or throe days after the ordination, Mr. vv arren was affected with a bleeding at the lungs, which rendered it for some, ,;me painfully douhtful whether he would ever bo employed in mission- arv labors, and decisively took liim olV from the conteniphited western mission Tbroiigb the mercy of God, bowever, be soon appeared to bo Ivvlv convalescent, and in pursuance of special and very respectable niedical advice, it was determined by your Commiltoc to send bim with L brethren to the East as the most hopeful nicaiis of rc-estahhs iing his health and securing his fnlure usefulness. The destination of Mr. >Var- ,en being thus providentially changed, it was judged expedient to change hat also of his associate, Mr. Meigs; and they are now both of them destined to go out with the other three brethren to the l-.ast. t is due to Mr Warren and Mr. Meigs distinctly to state, that a though hey had long contemplated India as the future scene of their labors and lunied ah their missionary desires and thoughts towards that .ntcrest.ng held, and although when it proposed to them to take a destmalton "> =*" !■<■-

snects so different as that of a mission to the Western Indians, they felt

a? first no small degree of painful disappointment; yet,

considering the subject, iu the light i.i winch it was presented to them

bv the CoLiittee, they yiehled to the proposal with a

acquiescence, which afforded a highly graulymg evidence o

cere devotedness to go whithersoever Divine I rovidonce might dir,ct.

The brig on bo-ard wbicli the five iiiissioiiarics, four of tbem with tlicir wives are to embark, is now in a state of advanced preparation, and is expected to sail from Newhuryport, in tlirce or four Cevlon There it is intended that the brethren should be Icit, with strLtions to exercise their sound discretion, in view of the circumstances which may be presented to them upon the sjvot; themselves in some station or stations upon that ‘ n ’

part of them, to Ilombay, Cochin, or elsewhere, as D.vnio I rovidc. ce l\u\\ seem to direct. And to Divine I’rovidcnce, intinitely wise and in- finitely good, this Board will commit them with the most affectionate

«^n(l devout benedictions. fniind it

Thouah for the rea.sons before Stated, your Committee have found it necess^y to suspend, for the present, the design of a western mtssiot , yet they would by no means have it understood that the design is nlti- LLlv^relinquishcd. It is cherished indeed under a very sacred sense of S amriith increasing ar.lency of hope. Erom the best mfornKt- tion which the Committee have been able to ohtam,

care to obtain such as they think may he rclmd on as ’ T " - ' ^

rect they estimate that within the United States an 1 their I .rritories there are^hoiit two lumdred and forty thousand Indians, diyided an sabdivXd into‘ about seventy tribes and clans^ Nearly one inn ri d thousand of these Indians are on tins side the 1 ' - ^

the four Southern tribes, the Creeks, ^ f p''

okees, comprise about seventy thousand; more than one fourth part

124

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number of Aborigines within the jurisdiction of the United States. These four tribe.s seem to claim very particular attention on account not only of their comparative numerical importance; but also of their geographical situation, in a fine country and climate, and in the neighbc^iood of a rapidly increasing white population, and moreover of the disposition and habits, especially of the Cherokees, Chickasaws, and Choctaws, tend- ing towards a state of civilization, and tavorable to the reception amontr them of missionaries and other instructors. In I8<»4 the Rev Gideon Blackburn, whose praise should be in all the churches, instituted under the auspices ol the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church . mission among the Cherokees, which he conducted in person and with very inadequate assistance and support;* and within about five years between four and five hundred young persons of both sexes were so in* structed as to be able to read with a good degree of facility in the i^^nglish Bible; were proportionably advanced in spelling, writing, and arithmetic; and at the same time were taught the principles of the liristian religion. Jlany Bibles and religious tracts were distributed and severa individuals, some young and some of mature age, became hopeful and exemplary Christians. The Cherokee tribe is estimated at twelve thousand souls. It we suppose four thousand of them to be of an age, suitable for attending schools; and four or five hundred of these near y an B i part, were brought forward to the state of improvement now described, in the short period of five years, by the exertions of one man. what might not be effected, with the blessing of God, by a com- bined we I supported and well conducted effort? Were schools to be established upon Mr Blackburn’s plan, at different stations, so as to ac- commodate the whole tribe, and these schools supplied with good in- structors and placed under the superintendence of a few able mission- aries, who, besides the care of the schools, should be employed in other tnissionary labors; would it be chimerical to calculate, that in a course of years not very long, the tribe at large would become English in their anguage Christian in their religion, and civilized in their general habits and manners? One rising generation being generally initiated in the rudiments of English learning, and the principles of Christianity; the next generation would come forward under vastly increased advantages; and the thirrl might be able to carry on the design with little extraneous aid 1 he Committee would respectfully submit to this Board, and beg that It may be submitted to the Christian public, whether the probability ofsuccessinsuch a design, together with the vast importance of the end, be not sulhcient to justify and demand an earnest, vigorous and persevering experiment. That not only the Cherokees. but their neigh-

r Choctaivs, have dispositions and habits in no

small degree favorable to such an attempt, we have very satisfactory evidence; and the plan once estalilished among them, and the happy re- sults of It made manifest, it might be extended, as Providence should open ^ ifis less tractable Creeks, and other tribes, with in-

creased tacihties and augmented encouragement.

Whether we turn our eyes to the East, or to the West, or to the South, we cannot avoid being deeply impressed with the conviction that the harvest is truly great, but the laborers are few. At the same time, there

l.un,^c' I roZs.'""'’"'' npproprialcd annually only five

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which claims the most grateful recognition, that the Lord of harvest is not unmindful of the present spiritual wants of mankind, pgsides our eight missionaries, gone and now going to their scenes of labor, there are five who have oiTered themselves, with very satisfactory ipslimonials, to be employed by this Board: Mr. Burr Baldwin whose l^ealth has been so much impaired, as to keep him back from active employment, but is ai present in a hopeful state, two students at the 'Theological Seminary at Princeton, (N. J.) and two at Andover. Nor should it he overlooked, that the late remarkable effusions of the Holy Spirit on our Colleges, afford tlie animating hope, that not a few young jj^en will be inclined soon to offer themselves for the service of God in the Gospel of his Son, botli in our churches at home, and among the heathen abroad.

The concerns of this board are becoming from year to year more and more weighty, and the care, the labor, and the expense are proportion- ably increasing. The care and the labor must be ours, with humble reliance on the all-sutficiency ofGod; for means of defraying the expense, we must chiefly depend under Providence on the liberality of the Chris- tian public. This dependence, we have reason to believe, will not be in vain. Plitherto the annual subscriptions and occasional benefactions have exceeded our expenditures. There are at present, in tlie different parts of our country, more than thirty Auxiliary Societies, whose annual contributions have amounted on an average for four years past, to about five thousand dollars. Besides these there are about fifty female associa- tions, formed under different names, for the same purpose of supplying funds for this Board. The benefactions otherwise contributed during the last year amount to more than ^5,000; and the proceeds of our funds at interest to about $5G0. The legacy of thirty thousand dollars, be- queathed by our benefactress of grateful memory, the late Mrs. Mary Norris, and held so long under perplexing and expensive litigation, has at length been adjudged to the Trustees: and is now, with the deduc- tion of the expenses of the suits, held by them, subject to the direction of the Board. This, if well invested, wilt constitute, together with our other stocks, a permanent fund, whose annual proceeds will be consid- erable. We liave now, however, eight missionaries, instead of three, dependent on us for support. Our expenditures, therefore, for the year to come must be more than they have been in preceding years; and must increase with every addition to the number of our missionaries, and to the extension of our operations. Witli this consideration, it is highly important that the friends of missions througliout the country sliould be impressed; and what method should he adopted to make the due im- pression, and turn it to the best account for the security of a permanent supply of funds, may deserve the attentive consideration of the Board.

Your Committee and all the Members of this Board are aware that there are other objects, besides those which our institution directly con- templates, which demand and urgently demand, the charitable .attention of the Christian. Domestic Missionary Societies, Bible ^cieties, and Societies for aiding the education of young men for the ministry, Tract Societies, and Moral Societies, have all of tliem objects of incalculable importance, objects, which we would by no means hinder, but by all means promote. These objects, indeed, together with ours, are all in their nature harmonious and closely allied. The cause is one, and by

REPOUT.

m

1817

Gary. The brethren at Dortibay have under their care an English school consisting of about forty pupils. This since tlic accession of females to the mission they hope to enlarge, upon the plan similar to the mission school at Seramporo, and in such a manner as will render it a source of emolument to the general establishment. But their hearts are mucb more ardently engaged in free scliools for the instruction of the native youth and children in their own language. Of these, they had, at their last dates, three for heathen and one for Jewish children; containing all about three hundred pupils. The teachers of the schools for heathen children are natives: but are employed by the missionaries, and under their direction. In the first school the teacher, for some time, made it a part of his care to instruct his pupils in the rites of idolatry; but the mis. sionarics interposed, and this part of his instructions was discontinued. As the schools are of recent date, it is not yet time to hear much of the progress of the pupils in learning; but the representations of the breth- ren are encouraging.

In one of their last communications they say, “Our press, we hope, will soon enable us to introduce improvements into the native schools. Hitherto they have not been supplied with hooks, except a few lessons prepared for them in manuscript. The tract, which we have just print- ed, has already been introduced into the schools, and it is pleasing to hear the name of Jehovah pronounced, without scruple, or fear, by hun- dreds of pagan children. We would not convey the idea, that the chil- dren have ahandoneil their own religion. Far from it. They still carry upon their foreheads the marks of idolatry, and are taught by their pa- rents to worship the gods of the heathen. Still we think there is abun- dant encouragement for endeavoring to imbue their tender minds with the principles of a purer religion. The seed thus sown, though it should lie buried, and apparently fruitless for a time, may yet spring up at some future period, and bring forth an abundant harvest. A knowledge of the Holy Scriptures must necessarily precede the general prevalence of religion among the people; and the establishment of schools, in which the Scriptures are used as a school book, seems to be one of the most promising methods of disseminating a knowledge of the Bible. In this point ol view we consider the native schools as a very important part of our missionary establishment. AVe shall carry our plaiis of education to the full extent ol our means. We rejoice to hear by your last letter, that we may expect shortly to receive remittances for this object. The school department is now considerably in arrears. Had our funds been suflicient, we should before this time have increased the number of schools. We wish also, as soon as possible, to erect one or more huild- ings, which may answer the double ])arposc of school houses and places of public religious instruction for the licatlien. Tliis wc think may be done at a moderate expense.

It has before been inentione*!, that at the stated meetings for the pub- lic reading and exposition of the Scriptures, several Jews have attended. It is gratifying to state here, that in one of the Free Schools for heathen children, there liad been some time more than twenty Jewisli children; and that there should he a scliool principally for Jewish cliildren, the brethren more than a year ago, consi(Icre<l as being, for several reasons, very desirable. “The Jews themselves,” they then wrote, “have solicited

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jt They are very poor, and but few of their children are at present taught to read and w'rite. In such a school the hoys could be taught ^vithout any scruple in the Scriptures of the Old Testament, at least, ^number of heathen boys would belong to the school, who of course ffould be instructed free from idolatry, in the knowledge of the true God- It would also lead to such an intercourse with the Jews, as would |je favorable to their instruction in the knowledge of Christ.” Under these impressions, they resolved on establishing such a school, as soon as they could engage a suitable teacher. In the course of the last spring, a Jew of considerable attainments, and well acquainted with the lan- guage of the country, offered himself for the service. Accordingly the school was instituted. It consisted in May, soon after its establish- ment, of about forty Jewush pupils, who are instructed to read and write both Hebrew and Mahratta. “We think this,” say the brethren, “an interesting school, and cannot hut hope, that it will he the means of doing something towards bringing these ignorant, wandering Israel- ites to the fold of Christ.” In this opinion, and this hope, all Christians

will deeply participate. • r u*

Your Committee are persuaded, that it will be the delight of this Board and of the Christian public, to gratify, to Uie greatest possible extent, the benevolent desires of the missionaries in regard to the es- tablishment of schools. Twelve hundred dollars for this object was sent out for Bombay about eight months ago, another remittance of a thou- sand dollars was sent about three months ago, and large remittances will be forwarded for the same object by the missionaries now soon to depart. An important consideration, in reference to this branch of beneficent exertion, is, that there is no limitation to the field now opened for the moral culture of children. All the charitable feelings of the pious and liberal can here find ample scope for exercise. It is to be observed however, that some care is necessary, lest a peculiarly pleasing and popular kind of charity should so engross the feelings of the liberal for ashort season, as to leave other equally important objects unprovided for. These schools are a delightful and promising branch of Christian charity, but unless missionaries are supported, schools cannot be properly superintended.

Amid their numerous and urgent labors and cares, the brethren at Bombay have looked abroad upon the heathen world extensively, with most expanded feelings and views. They have collected and communi- cated much information, important particularly in missionary respects, concerning the different parts of India, Persia, Arabia, Syria, Palestine, and Egypt; in all which countries they believe that missionary stations might be established with fair prospects of success. 1 hey have proposed various plans, evidently the result of deep and enlightened reflection for the advancement of the general cause. And from the shores ol India, their voice has been heard in this country and in Europe, calling upon all Christians to engage in the heavenly design of imparting the blessings of the Gospel to the heathen. T/ff. lihiral demseth liberal and by liberal things shall he stand.

Ceylon. At our last anniversary, we had only the bare intell^ence of the arrival of the missionaries, sent out two years ago by the Hryad^

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at Colombo in Ceylon. Your Committee have now the happiness to port somejparficulars of a liighly gratifying nature.

Aflor a''j)assage, during the whole of which they had only gratefully to acknowledge and to record the tender mercies of God, they arrived at Colombo on of March, of the last year. They were welcomed upon the shore most aiTcctionatcly by the Rev. Messrs. Chater and Norton, English missionaries then at the place; and were received by the officers of tlie government with marked attention and kindness. On the next morning, a .sermon was preached on board the Dryad, by Mr. Poor, wliicli the signal mercies experienced during the passage were devoutly recounted, and a very affectionate leave was taken of the officers and company of the vessel, to whom, and pjirticularly to Capt. Buffington, the master, and Capt. Titcomb, the supercargo, very grateful acknowledg- ments were made.

The dispositions of the Governor of Ceylon will appear in a letter, addressed by him to the Corresponding Secretary. It bears date, “King’s House, Colombo, Juno Kith, 1816,” and in terms as follows:

“Sir,” — Your letter communicating the thanks of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, in consequence of my reception of the Rev. Samuel Newcli, and recommending five other missionaries to my notice, was lately delivered to me by those gentlemen upon their arrival at this place.

“To protect and encourage as far as lies in my power those who de- vote themselves to the propagation of Christianity, is so grateful a part of my^duiy, that I cannot lay claim to any merit for a service to which I cam prompted by my own inclination. Yet I confess that the mark of approbation from the Commissioners announced in your letter, has given me great pleasure; and I beg you will convey to the gentlemen, who compose that Board, my sincere acknowledgments of their kind and flattering attention.

“When Mr. Ncw^ell was in this Island I was a good deal embarrassed by the relative state of our countries, then unfortunately at war. The peace which has been since restored, will I hope long remain, and re- move every obstacle from the way of those who come so far to preach the Gospel of peace.

“I have read with much satisfaction the judicious instructions of your Board, wherein religious zeal is tempered with sound discretion. If your missionaries conduct themselves according to the course that is there so distinctly marked out, their success will not be doubtful. They have just received my permission to establish themselves in Jaffna, the northern province of this island, where in their opinion the fairest field is open to their labors; and I beg you will assure tlie Commissioners oi my strong desire to do every thing to promote their Christian views, in all that is consistent with the safety and tranquillity of his Majesty’s colony at Oylon.”

Similar dispositions towards the missionaries, and the great object of their mission, were, on various occasions, testified I)y other principal ofl'icers of the government. In the fourth annual report of the Colombo Auxiliary Bible Society, made after the missionaries had been several months in the place, distinct mention is made of them; and the Report adds, “They certainly appear to be men of superior attainments and in-

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friTiation, and in every respect well qualified for the benevolent office,

Kirh they have undertaken.” , i . n

^ These testimonials must be highly gratifying to this Board and to all V.P friends of missions; and agreeable to the dispositions expressed in ‘Lm has been the uniform treatment received by our missionaries, from 'Z principal men, not only at Colombo, but m other parts of the Island.

The brethren sojourned at Colombo about six montlis. consi er .hie time was requisite, for the purpose of obtaining, by correspondence Llth the brethren at Bombay and other missionaries m different parts ot India such information, as would enable them to determine, agreea y ‘ their instructions, on the stations best for them to occupy; and after Iv had come to the determination, it was several weeks before the lonsoon would allow of their departure to the places of their destma- L During their stay, however, they were neither "I'e, nor uselessly Iccupied. Soon after their arrival, at the instance of the Hon. and Rev.

T J Twistleton, Chief Secretary to the government they took charge of the instruction of several young natives, designed for the Christian ministry; and as soon also, as conveniently they could they opened an English school. In the forementioned Report of the Ceylon Bible So- Lfy made about a year ago, notice is taken of the partmulars now stated in the following terms: “In the beginning of last May, eleven oung Cingalese, of the Vellale cast, and four Malabars, were p aced Lder the tuition of the American missionaries, for tlio purpose of being instructed in the principles of theology and the doctrines of ‘he Chr s- tian religion, as they are most of them intended for the profession of the church.^ They are from 14 to 24 years of age, and vycre all brought up under Mr. Armour, at the Seminary, where they learnt to read and

write the English language. ... i

“They receive also from one of the American missionaries regular les- sons in geography, a science which is utterly unknown to the natives and deserves a particular attention in the plan of their education, as it is certainly well calculated to enlarge their tninds, and remove many of the prejudices, under which they labor. These young men were placed by\he Hon. and Rev. T. J. Twisleton under the American missionaries, who gave them daily instruction without any pay or

"The' American missionaries have besides, a school consisting of 26 European children of both sexes; for they are in this department assisted by their wives, who are well qualified for the superintendence of female eLcation” With these statements the accounts ot the missionaries

tl’cirstn b, .be. .0 .b. Cbld™ .nd.r

their care they afforded assistance to the English missioriaries at Colombo, anTinim v.^^ preaching on the Sabhatli -d other da^ ^

three to six sermons a week. It is gratifying to notice ‘^e and brotherly affection which subsisted there betrveen missionaries not only of different nations, hut also of different ’’‘'''g'”';? tions. Congregationalists, Episcopalians, Methodists, and Baptists - all in mutual fellowship; and on the day of commnnmn a the Lord s table, in the chapel of the Rev. Mr. Chater, a r"

from England, the infant child of our missionary, Mr. Meigs. wa.s

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“We have the satisfaction,” say the brethren in a joint communio tion, “Wc have tlie satisfaction to believe tliat the time we spent Colombo was not lost to the missionary cause. By our preaching English, the missionaries there were enabled to devote more attention t^ that part of their work, which relates to the natives. By imparting struction to those, of whom our native school was composed, we used th most appropriate means, for promoting the object of our mission, g our European school, we <lid something toward defraying the expense^ of the mission, arul wc hope, rendered some assistance to the children of those parents, by whom the school was supported. By residing the scat of government, we experienced but few of those evils, arising from lalse reports and groundless suspicions, to which foreigners generally exposed; and we may hope, that the acquaintance we formed with the principal characters at Colombo, will prove to be of lasting utility to us and to our mission. ^ The result of their inquiries in regard to the stations to be occupied was that Mr. Bardwell should go to Bombay, and, if permitted, settle with the missionaries there; that Messrs. Richards and Meigs should attempt an establishment at Batticotta, and Messrs. Warren and Poor at rillipally, both in the Province of .laffna in the northern part of Ceylon. Ibis district was visited by Dr. Buchanan in Sept. IHOO, and by our missionary, Mr. Newell, in July 1818; and by both of them it is repre- sented as peculiarly interesting, in a missionary point of view. Mr. New- ell, in his journal, says, “In case of our settling in Ceylon, the province of Jaffna seemed to be the most eligible spot for us. It is near to the continent, and the Tarnul, spoken at Jaffna, is the language of eight or nine millions of people, separated from Jaffna only by a narrow channel.” In this opinion of the eligibility of Jaffna, the principal gentlemen at Colombo, the Chief Justice, Sir Alexander Jolinstone, particularly, who expressed himself at large on the subject, and the missionaries generally, were fully agreed. Ami in this eligible province, Tillipally and Batticotta are considered as^decidedly the best missionary stations.

Having settled their determination, and obtained the permission of the Governor, the brethren judged it advisable, that Mr. Warren should go by land to Jaffna, without delay, for the purpose of making some prepara- tory arrangements there; and that the rest should take passage, with their effects, by water, as soon as the monsoon would permit. Accor- dingiy Mr. Warren left Colombo on the 1st of July, and arrived at Jaffna- patam on the 1 1th. Mr. and Mrs. Poor took their departure by water, on the 20th of September, and arrived at Jaffna on the 2Gth; and Mr. Richards and Meigs with their wives followed on the 24th of the same month, and arrived after experiencing some dangers, on the 1st of October.

In a joint letter, bearing date .laffnapatam, Oct. 1), 1810, the Brethren say, “On leaving Colombo, such was the state of our families, and our mode of conveyance, we had many fears, that we should be subjected to some serious evils on our passage. But lie, who had before protected us, dealt better with us than we feared. Our safe arrival at this place, and the favorable circumstances that surround us, lay us under additional obligations to serve our divine Master. We have visited the places, in which we hope to spend our lives, in opening the treasures of the Gospel

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1917.

the heathen. Tillipally is situated about 10 miles north, and Batticotta northwest, of Jaffnapatam, At each place, there are between ^xee and four acres of land, on which stand a dwelling-house, a large |]urch without a roof, and a variety of fruit-trees. From the estimaU^ j|,at have been made, 12 or 15 hundred dollars would be necessary . make such repairs as a prosperous mission at these stations would

jgqiiire.

Both Tillipally and Batticotta are represented as being places of great j0ienity and salubrity of climate. The glebes and buildings mentioned by (he brethren are the property of the government. The churches and man- sion houses were built by the Portuguese, in the Kith century; they arc chiefly of coral stone; and the churches are so large, that, when ropair- gd two-thirds of each, will be amply sufficient for the purposes of public worship, and the remainder will afford good accommodations for schools. Of the ffuit trees, about fifty on each glebe are palmyras: of which tree the timber is much used in building; the leaves serve to cover the roofs of their houses, and form the olas, so generally used in the east, instead of paper; and the fruit constitutes the principal food of the natives for more t^han one half of the year. Thirty or forty good palmyras, it is said, will, for that season, support a family of natives.

The brethren have been officially given to understand, that these glebes and buildings cannot be permanently secured to the mission, until the pleasure of the British government at home shall be known; yet they have thought themselves warranted, in entering upon the premises, and making such repairs as may be made with little expense, and as will ren- der the buildings fit for temporary use; leaving the question of more thorough repairs to be determined hereafter. At Tillipally, the repairs were in such forwardness, that Messrs. Warren and Poor took up their residence there, about the middle of October. But at Batticotta, the re- quisite repairs could not be made before the rainy season came on; and Messrs. Richards and Meigs, at the latest date, 20th of January, 1817, remained at Jaffnapatam. There they were employed in studying the Tamul language, preaching occasionally in English, and getting forward, as the season would permit, the preparations for their residence at Bat- ticotta.

Since fixing their residence at Tillipally, the brethren Warren and Poor have regularly, on the Sabbath, preached by an interpreter there, and also at Maliaguni, a place about two miles distant. Their congrega- tions have varied from thirty to eighty persons. No females attend. They have every day, also, at the time of morning prayers, an exercise of reli- gious instruction, at which a considerable number of persons are usually present. Early in December, they established a school for the instruc- tion of native youth and children, both in English and Pamul, and another at Mallagum; and at their last dates, they were making prepara- tions for establishing a third school at Milcttc, and a fourth at Panditeripo, places in their vicinity.

In the province of Jaffna, there arc some relics of the Roman Catholic •"cligion, which was introduced two or three hundred years ago, by the Portuguese; some traces of religious knowledge afterwards communicated by the Dutch: and some decaying fruits of the labors of the missionaries, Christian David, Mr. Palm, and others: yet the great mass of the people

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REPOllT.

igfij

am Pagans. In tlie other provinces of Ceylon, the paganism is of .k Isudhist form, the same wliicli prevails in the Biirman empire; but ■

. aifna, it is Hindoo, the same with that wliicli prevails on the neiffhliJ*' mg peninsula of India. In this district, however, the people generall*^' and even tim Brahmins, are less devotedly attached to their idolatm,!’ rites, have feebler ])rcjudices against Christianity, and are more accessible by missionaries, than in almost any other part of the PairJ world. 1 hey are particularly fond of having their children instructed and our mis.sionaries represent, that there will be no difficulty in estak li.sl.ing schools among them, to the utmost extent of the means, which shall be alforded for the purpose; and that something towards supporting the^schools may even be expected from the people themselves. ®

1 hey also represent, that there is urgent want of Bibles and of school books. I here IS a good translation of the Scriptures into the Tamffi the language of the province, made by the Danish missionaries in tho last century; but copies of the Tamul Bible are extremely scarce A considerable number of the people can speak, and some of them’ can read English; and many of them are particularly desirous of having theb sons taught the English language: but the English Bible is also scarcelv to be found, and the country, in a word, is almost entirely destitute of books Our missionaries had applied to the Colombo Auxiliary Bible Society for .some Tamul Testaments for their schools; and were in expet tation of receiving a few; but they saw no prospect of a supply of books from any quarter, unti they could be printed in Jaffna; and there itno printing press in the district. They therefore express an earnest desire

wi h iSn P^^sible, with a printing establishment, and

th hands and means for putting it into vigorous operation. Whether It will be best to order to Jaffna the press already sent out, and intended for Bombay, or to send out another directly from this country for Jaffna"

nrrof'r"R“‘'®^^T '^'11 doubtless be the pleas^

nlUI^I ‘ ‘he desire of the missionaries should be accom-

plished and their means of usefulness enlarged with the least unneces- sary delay. And it is to be hoped, that the friends of the Bible Tn our country extensively will display a liberality towards the object here pre- sen ted, in some proportion to its evident and urgent claims ^ ^

Ills not III the district of Jaffna only, th, at Bibles and other books in 'a star distributed. The island of Ceylon at large is

I IS blost^lftir 1°'- Christian instruction.

It IS blest with a government of most benign influence, which lends

ountenance and aid to every benevolent design; and upon its popula- tion, extensively, a very considerable impression has been made ^bf the

S'lustrrp"'s"‘"A'l'^‘‘".‘^ °t’'.® To this impression^ the

M.teu'o ■ lo ’ 1 r '^'®f ®'’ •!‘'h"stone, a most distinguished and en- he o mankind and of missions, in a communication which

verv intlrp r " f'’ expressly attributes the

Xofi io,7nf "l ^ f •? .’ T ‘® ' '’® ror the

c^n P it lately been adopted with wonderful

consent As so important an effect has been produced by means in winch this Board and this Christian community have had a share the benevolent Chief Justice entertains the hope, that from us in thiscountry aid will also be received, towards the improvement of the large numbers

UEPORT.

153

{817.

pf children, who, in consequence of the abolition, will be placed in cir- peculiarly interesting to public charity.

jNJor sliould it be overlooked, in this general survey, lliat the language of tlic province, in which our missionaries are stationed, is also the lan- guage of eight or nine millions ol people on the neighboring peninsula; aiul that the intercourse is such that, from Jaffiia^Bibles and other books might with ease be extensively distributed in India.

Hitherto our Ceylon mission has been marked with signal favor; and its present prospects are most rich in promise. The field is white already to the harvest, and most active exertions, with humble dependence on the Lord of the harvest, are evidently and urgently demanded. The feelings and views of the missionaries appear to be such, as every friend to the cause would wish them to clierish.

*‘The events which have hitherto befallen us,” they say, “would form a striking contrast with those, which happened to our dear brethren, who preceded us to this eastern world. As we may hojie their disappoint- ments and trials have wrought in them cx[)eriGnce, patience, and hope, and will ultimately turn out to the furtherance of the gospel, we would make it our concern, that the goodness of God, manifested in our pros- perity, may lead us to repentance, encourage us in our arduous under- taking, and inspire us with such confidence in God, as will enable us to endure the various trials, which every missionary is tauglu to expect.” — “We are not making confident calculations on great and immediate suc- cess. In view of the deplorable condition, in which we see the heathen around us, and the many obstacles to he surmounted in their being raised from their superstitious and degraded state, we wish to have our own minds, and the minds of our friends at home, deeply impressed with the belief, that such patience and perseverance are to he manifested, such expense incurred, and, in a word, such exertions of various kinds made, as will in some degree correspond with the magnitude of the object we have in view. In seasons of prosperity and adversity, we would look lo God for our principal support and consolation. Yet, we need, we greatly need, to he strengthened and encouraged by the friends of missions in our own coun- try. We are sometimes ready to faint in view of the responsibility of our station, and the important consequences of our conduct. Here, in this dark corner of the earth, the moral aspect ol things around us has a chilling influence upon our hearts, while we are deprived of those nu- merous excitements to active piety, which are felt by all who enjoy and prize the privileges of Christian society. Hence we need evidence that the Christian public in America arc with us, — that they remember us in their prayers, and are forward to support that cause, to which we would ever consider ourselves most sacredly devoted.”

American Ahorigines. — Attention is now to be devoted to objects nearer home. The general plan of the Prudential Committee for civil- izing and christianizing the Pagan tribes of American Indians, has been f'ully submitted to this Board; and at the last anniversary, measures pre- paratory to an establishment in the Cherokee nation were reported. Your Committee have now the satisfaction to state, that those measures have gone into eflect, in a highly gratifying manner.

20

178

REPORT.

1818.

of schools, and for superintending them, in that manner, which will ren- der them most subservient to the great object of dilTusing useful learning and Christian knowledge in this benighted land.”

In regard to taking licathcn children to be brought up as Christians or to he educated in the mission family, your Committee have not the means of rep(>rting so fully as they could wish. As it is a part of the general system, in which not a lew of the friends of the cause have taken a particular and lively interest, the Comtnittee have felt in regard to it, a verv wakeful solicitude, lest, hy any means, the benevolent ieelings and hopes of individuals and societies shouhl in any respect, be disappointed. If, Iiowevcr, circumstances be duly considered, it will not be thought strange if little, in this part, has yet been done. It is only about two years since contributions or donations for this particular object began to be received at the treasury; and but little more than a year, since the first remittances for it could have been received in India. The domestic state of the missionaries was then such, as not to admit of their immedi- ately taking mnny children into the family; and some time would of course be rcfinired for selecting and ohlaining suitable objects of the charity. But the mission has since been enlarged by accessions of persons of both sexes: their advantages for taking children are of course increased; and no doubt should be entertained, tliat, in due time, a good account will be rendered in regard to this object, in which the missionaries themselves have expressed a very deep interest.

It would he the highest joy of the Committee, could they communicate to their brethren of this Board ami of the Christian community intelli- gence of signal success at Bombay, in the conversion of many from darkness unto light, and from the power of Satan unto God. This joy they have not yet. In regard to success in this respect, our beloved and devoted missionaries express themselves in the following moving terms. “We can now say that for years, wc have preached the Gospel to the heathen. But we are constrained to take up the bitter lamentation of the prophet — “Who hath believed our report, and to whom hath the arm of the Lord been revealed.” We know of no one who lias been brought to the faith of the Gospel under our preaching. This severely tries, but does not discourage, us. We implore, and, oh! may all our dear Chris- tian friends at home, daily implore, divine grace, that we may faithfully labor and not faint; remeiiiberitig tlie blessed promise, that he that goeth forth with weeping, bearing precious seed, shall doubtless return with joy, bringing his sheaves with him. Though we now see no visible tokens of converting grace, yet we cannot but indulge the pleasing hope, that out of the great number, w'ho have so repeatedly beard from our lips the glad tidings of the Gospel, the hearts of some have been touched; and that the unseen operations of divine truth and grace are now preparing them to turn from death unto life.”

Feelings and views like these cannot be cherished and strengthened too assiduously or devoutly, hy missionaries themselves, and all who love the holy and glorious cause of missions. It would show a deplorable defect of faith, it would he an imjiions alfront to the God of the Gospel and of all its promises and grace and power, to ho discouraged because the desired success is not immediately seen. The husbandman is not discouraged, because he does not see his fields white for the harvest, as

report.

179

1818-

as he begins to clear his grounds, to plough, or to sow. The mer-

ovatre are commenced, or his ship gets out to sea. established

1 1 dnrUnoss and corruptions, and long esiaimsncu

are not first to be cleared away, the nussiona-

Christ labor among their people a visible sue-

,iJ.,.ble frun.! jy , ” ' r;Ic>-A in .

;;r.'r n:is!iir,i.bo,.'a,.,l »nc,™g., uadbr ci,cum..a..«. of .be

SSt. "wS L XTS;

however, is not the rule of g/ioM he mode

commandment oj the Eveueas h preached unto every

‘"T rf oe'XiT "”7,

creature. 1 ne quesiioii is, . Upiontrs to us — all

we done, or are we doing, ;"J>bedience to to

that VJC can? It ill ^ ^ g^he^succcss of ini^^^^^

fold their hands, and prudently wait to see t to assume this alti-

Ihey lend their aid to the work. Wh'' ^ ^,ould begin! As

tude? The last trumpet won d sound, ‘he be discour-

little does it become those, who arc eng. > .

.j.d-s,iii ic. .ho», »bo 0.0 y; yXo o. ot

Ibei. neglisoiico— on ““oonl f „,,„;ie„co to ll.e oon.msnd,

success. It IS ours, in hum 1 - * (josoeh it is Hod's to deter-

to do what we can for the publication of h T - ’ . the

mine the effect. If the desired ‘'V, to

prayer-‘Lord increase ^ abatoinen^ of our

make exertions and saciifices, no

. , =.nfrbrklian efforts and liberalities in this coun-

At Bombay, by means of Christ . thousands to whom it was

try, the Gospel has already been P'> > -■;;« ’for its eventual

SEl ^tbo'orr.nd Son.

T , T, , oof. l.P last year an account was given of the

Ceylon.— In the Report oft - reachiim to the close of the year

commencement of our Ceylon miss > ‘j a7rival of the missionaries

1816: little more than nine arrival at J.afliia. The

at Colombo, and about three months i i.>l,ruary of the jiresent

present Report will bring down tl.c Instory «

year, embracing a period of about ,„.o divisions, occu-

The plan settled by the manage their general

pying separate stations, but to

180

REPORT.

1818.

concerns as composing one mission. Tn pursuance of this plan, it waa agreed, that Messrs. Warren and Poor should be stationed at Pillipally and Messrs. Uicliards and Meigs at Batticotta. At the commencement of the period, now proposed for review, Messrs. Warren and Poor had resided at Tillipally, making l)eginnings in their work, about ten weeks* but Messrs. Uicliards and Meigs remained at JafTnapatam, as the house assigned to them at Batticotta was not yet in a state to be occupied.

It will be gratefully recollected, that, by favor of the government of the island, the brethren were allowed to take possession, lor the purposes of the mission, of the ancient churches, mansion houses and glebes of the two parishes, which they had chosen for their stations.' To put the buiU dings, in a slate of rt pair fit for use was their first care, and a work of considerable time. In a joint letter of Sept. 1st, they say, “The brethren at Batticotta have been employed most of the year, in repairing their dwelling bouse. As the building is large, as it had gone much to decay, they have been under the necessity of occupying more time, and of expen- ding a larger sum of money to render it comfortable, than the brethren at 'Fillipally. Tlie buildings at both our stations, when completed, will be very valuable.” Of the expenses of the repairs the missionaries have duly rendered their accounts: and the amount, though considerable, yet weighs very lightly against the highly important advantages of possessing the buildings. 'Phe mansion houses are sufficient for their families; the churches afford ample accommodations for their religious assemblies, and partly for their schools; and the produce of their lands will be of no small convenience and value to the mission.

But the liberality of the government has not been limited to the build- ings and lands in Tillipally and Batticotta; it has granted to our mission, since its establishment, similar buildings and lands in six other parishes in the vicinity. Upon these also our missionaries have bestowed some care. They Jiave be.sides procured the building of a school at Mallagum, and anotlier at J^anditeripo; the former chiefly by subscriptions of the native inhabitants; the latter in great part by the grateful liberality of an individual. A son of a native was brought to Tillipally, in a state of mental derangement, for medical aid. “On his recovery,” say the brethren, “the father understanding that we intended to establish a school at Panditeripo, generously offered to furnish timber, and a piece of ground, near the old church building, for a school house, and to superin- tend the building of it. lie is now interesting himself much to engage boys for the school.” In anotlier communication, they say, “The brethren at Tillipally have been at some expense in preparing suitable houses for schools in four of the parishes near them; and as it is our intention to establish schools in all the parishes around us, as fast as it lies in our power, we shall he under the necessity of constantly expending small sums of money for this purpose, at some places more, and in others less, according to the size and quality of the buildings which may be prepared. At some places we propose to build small houses in the native style, at others partially to repair either the dwelling house or the church, when cither of them remains in a suitable state to make it an object to preserve them.”

It is thus, that these diligent missionaries have seen fit to provide for important and extended operations, and no remarks can he necessary to

REPORT.

181

|018.

rtake it evident, that the preparations which they have made, and the Advantages which they have secured, must be highly conducive to the great objects of the mission. While engaged, however, in these prepa- ^gtions, they have redeemed time for other purposes.

Immediately after their settlement at Tillipally, Messrs. Warren and Poor established a school at that place, for the instruction of children gnd youth, both in English and in Tamul. Shortly afterwards they estab- Ijghed another, at Mallagum; and they proceeded, as fast as circumstan- ces would permit, to make arrangements for similar establishments at jVlilette and Oodooville.

“The school at Tillipally,” say the brethren, in a letter of 27th Dec.

(‘is in a flourishing state. Sixteen boys are able to read, with a good degree of facility, the Tamul and English Testaments; and as many more who are younger are making good progress in both languages. The boys in the school are instructed in the principles of the Christian religion, as fully as if they were the children of Christian parents. Most of them have committed to memory two or three catechivsms in Tamul, and large portions of the Scriptures. They are now engaged in tran- scribing on olas the book of Genesis. This exercise is particularly im- portant, as the Tamul Old Testament is now out of print; and it is very desirable, that the absurd notions of this people respecting the creation, the fall of man, and the commencement of idolatry, should he corrected. On the Sabbath, immediately after the morning service, the boys re- hearse a part of what they have committed to memory, and are ques- tioned respecting their knowledge of Christianity.”

For their other schools they found it difficult to procure good instruc- tors. Some, whom they engaged, proved incompetent or unfaithful, and were dismissed from the employment. On account of this and other difficulties incident to the newness of their situation, they judged it advi- sable to contract their plan, until they should be possessed of advantages for extending it to a compass and with an effect, more proportionate to

The situation of Messrs. Richards and Meigs did not admit of their engaffins so soon in establishing schools. It was not until June, that they found it convenient to fix their residence, together at Batticotta; and even then they were still encumbered with the repairs of their buildings. But though they could not establish a regular school, a considerable number of hoys and young men received instruction in English constantly at their house; and in the latter part of September, a lamui school was established by them at Batticotta, which commenced and proceeded with

"TheSn^rLTh^ve a high sense of the importance of taking native youths completely under their own care and direction; as this would with- draw them from the pernicious influences of their heathen parents and connections, and place them in the most hopeful way of improvement, and for being qualified for usefulness. “Upon inquiry they say, we are well assured, that many active boys may be found whose parents wifi gladly put them wholly under our care, if we will support them. 1 he brethren at Tillipally, have been solicited by parents to take thetr sons to support, and employ them as they wish. They have gwen much at- tention to the subject of supporting boys; and have concluded, that with

182

REPORT.

1818.

twelve Spanish dollars a year they can, with the present exchange of Spanisli <loliars on this island, and the present price of rice, their principal food, support a I»oy under 20 years of ago, provided they can have 30 or 40 to eat together. 1 he Uev. Christian David of .laffnapatam, has a school on this plan, snpport'^d l>y goveriinient; and there is one attached to Tran(iuel)ar mission. I’lic good etfoct which must result from the estab* lishmenl of schools on such a plan are so obvious, that the brethren at Tillipally have determined to embrace the present favorable opportunity of taking It* or 12 of their most promising boys, who are anxious to pot themselves under their constant care, an<l keep tliem in a building which they have erected in their garden, for the accommodation of the school. By this means, lliey will ho able to keep the hoys from the influence of heathen society, and regularly employed in useful studies. The great importance oi estal)lisliing schools on this plan appears still more obvious, wlien we consider tiio great need tlieie is <d’ well qualified native teach- ers, and the siq^riority they will possess, in many important respects, over foreigners: — particularly, if God should, as we would most devoutly pray, prepare them by Ids grace. Should the Board approve of this plan, they will give us all llie assistance in their power for the support of prom- ising hoys, at cacli station: many of whom, williont our support, cannot receive an education, l)ut wlio, with the small pittance they require, may be made, by the grace of God, distinguished blessings to multitudes of these heathens, now sitting in the region and shadow of death. If proper teaclicrs could now he found, schools might now he established and super- intended by us, in many parishes. — Are there not many pious individuals in our native land, who will most cheerfully contribute for the support of one or more hoys? We feel persuaded that the benevolent Christian public will not suffer an object so intimately connected willi the success of our mission among these lieatlien people, to fail for want of support. We cannot surely he disappointed in the belief, tliattho pious zeal and liberal charities of our sisters in the cluirches, so often manifested on similar occasions, will he called forth for the support of this object, and little associations will he formed, to rescue from the tyrat)ny of Satan tiiese unhappy youths, and bring them to the liglit of the gospel of the Prince of Pence. Their charities and their prayers will, we trust, ere long, cause many, who arc now growing uj) in all the usual superstitions of idolatry, to rise vp and eaU them blessed ”

3'his forcible aj^peal has already touched many a heart; and in answer to it, “pious zeal and liberal charities” have been displayed, and “asso- ciations for tlic support of this olqect” — have, been formed. And your Corntniltoc are persuaded, that a design which promises so much for the advancement of the general cause, will be liberally and elTectually pat- ronized, by this Board, and by the Christian public. The experiments made, and the facts communicated by the missionaries, afford ample en- couragements for a steady and vigorous prosecution of the plan of estab- lishing scliools and furnisliing instruction, for the heathen children and youth in the district of Jaffna, as fast and to as great an extent, as the means at disposal and a due regard to the various objects of our several establishments will permit.

Earnestly engaged as the missionaries have been for the instruction of the young in schools and in their families, they have not been unmindful

REPORT.

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1818-

f the paramount importance of preaching the gospel At Tillipally " d the neighboring parishes, Messrs. Warren aiul Poor have preached intedly on the Sabbath, and on other days, as they have had opportuni- Lve also Messrs. Richards and Meigs at Jairnapatani, while resi- Lt there, and at Batticotta, and in the vicinity, since their removal to S station. Their preaching has, of course, been for the most part

tough the medium of interpreters; bulm October, ^ “te ht- linff at Tillipally, Mr. Poor coininenccd preaching m l amul, the Ian aL cbielly spoken in the northern part of Ceylon. The numbers of htr hearers Imve been considerable, and at the latest ‘"j

creasing. Many have been constant and earnest m their attention, and some, it is hoped, have received abiding impressions, both from the public

and private instructions given them.” , • ■ i oi

Messrs Warren and Poor have entered in their journa , March 21 .iobteen months ago, an interesting record. “The case,” they say, “of Sirnven a young Malabar from Jalliiapatani, of about nineteen years of

S’S; Joo„f. :nt.,e„ine .o .»■ He i» .!» ;

^ of his parents who have high expectations respecting him Ills Lher who is a man of considerable property, placed Supyeii under our Je about three months ago, to he instructed in the Hp romniitted him to us in a very formal manner, and said, tl at bupycn was noToTer his son but ours. ■ A few days before Supyen had visited

tie told us that in consequence of reading a few chapters in the

“^,ble whS he refe,v"d from" native Christian he thought that the heathen religion was wrong, and he earnestly desired to become ac- auainted with Christianity. We had much intcresUng conversaiton with him as his mind was awakened to a very serious inquiry. He said he tould request his fatlier to permit him to come to school to E>'g .

ihouirli his principal object would he to learn the Chrisliaii religion. Ills cond^t sinL he^has been with us, has been uniformly good. Ills mod- rSrtrentand earnest desire to receive instruction, 'ave induced us to enerrage him to be much with us. We rejoice i.i the '’eUef that he has felt in fome degree the power of divine ^ - his hear, A few I D Ba<»t Esq. was with us on a visit, hupyen iook us

"id^eridtold him'in T.mul, a, ke (S”PJe'0

“ 1,'e" Si"'.? .ki

Of those passages and told ‘ Christ, his mind

parents, unless Vents were heathens, he appeared to

was somewhat rtliev . Llthniit reference to the treatment he

miglVrLceile fromlhe'.ir Perhaps, however, he foresaw the storm which

"iri April, ti.. |■■>|»' S'fa!“SS

184

REPORT.

1818.

the missionaries, when Supyen was stripped, degraded, and treated wit|, great almse. At iiome, no persuasions or threats, no blandishments or severities were spared, to induce him to renounce Christianity. About a montli after he was taken from the mission hou.se, “his former compan. ions gave a feast, which he was obliged to attend. lie was solicited by the company to make an offering to one of the gods on the occasion, and was compelled to accept the appointment. He went into the apartment of tlie temple, where the idol was, and was left alone to perform the cere many. He immediately .stripped the idol of his ornaments, and kneeled down and prayed to the living God. When his companions, looking tiirougli the curtain, saw him in prayer, they were afraid, and went and informed his father. Supyen was carried home and punished with se- verity. le told his father that “Christ warned his disciples to expect such treatment.” Three or four weeks afterwards, “rudelv seized by Jus lather and relations, his feet were pinned fast in the stocks, his hands and arms closely bound with cords, and he was severely whipped.” His father then brought his Christian books, and burned them before him- and compelled him to write a letter of recantation, which was sent to the missionaries. “He was kept bound in the stocks for several days and received but very little to eat.”

Still, however, he remained firm in his adherence to Christianity, which his parents and friends perceiving, after all other means had been employ- shake him from his steadfastness, he was sent, about the middle of September, to Candy, in the interior of the island, where it was supposed, he would be beyond the reach of Christian influence.

1 here he stayed about six weeks, conversed freely on religion with some m the head men, promised at their recpiest to send them the Cingalese J\ew lestarnent, and returned to his father’s house without any signs of apostasy. His sufferings after his return were extreme, until his father in le fore part of January, resolved on taking him to the coast, that he might live with some of his heathen relations there, where, again he could have no intercourse with Christians. Having proceeded to the place from which they were to sail, just as they were about to embark aupyen had the courage to remonstrate. “You have done many things said he to his father, “to turn me from the Christian religion— but to rio purpose. You sent me to Candy, but I returned a Christian. If you now carry me to the coast, I shall return a Christian. For as I am a Christian in heart, I shall always be one.”— The father abandoned his purpose feupyen was sent back to Jaffnapatam; not to go to his father’s 'rrf’ father should return from the

sister should be naarried, “he might go wherever he could find support.” h ir Mr. Poor, and though desirous of going with

rcUirn advised to remain at Jaffnapatam until his father’s

No later information has been received of this young Malabarian con- lessor, of whom It may be devoutly hoped, that he is designed by sove- reign grace to be an ornament to the Chri.stian cause, a blessing to his bewdde^cd countrymen, and a crown of missionary rejoicing in the day

RKl’OUT.

185

181B.

Other individuals are mentioned, (of whom one has been employed as a schoolmaster, another as a teacher of the missionaries themselves in 'famul, and another as an interpreter,) whose minds appear to have re- ceived deep convictions of divine truth. And not a few of the natives, brahmins, headmen, and others, have been excited to inquiry, and have expressed doubts respecting their own religion. If the inqiriry occur, ffliy effects of this kind should appear, so mucli sooner at Jaffna, than at Bombay; it may he proper to recollect, that in Jaffna rays of divine light, long ago scattered there by missionaries, have pierced, and in a ineasure, dissipated the thick mists of hcatlienism, and laid tin* minds of the people more open to instruction and conviction. Especially shonld it be considered and devoutly acknowledged, that lie, with whom is the residue of the Spirit, is a wise and holy sovereign, who giveth not ac- count of any of his matters.”

The medical knowledge of Messrs. Warren and Richards gave early promise of great advantages to the mission, and important benefits to the surrounding population. On this subject the hretiiren, under date of June 1st, write as follows: “Our attention since our arrival liere has been much called to the sick around ns. Many flocked to our doors as soon as they were informed that we had the means of assisting them. We have reason to believe, that God will bless our attention to them for their spiritual, as .well as temporal good. It affords us an opportunity of com- mending the great Physician to many from different parts of the district, whom otherwise we should probably never see, and at a time best calcu- lated to leave a good impression on their minds. Our morning prayers are attended by many, who come for medical aid; at which time we lake occasion to preach to them Jesus. We find, however, that an attention to their wants subjects us to considerable expense. Many of the objects are wasting with hunger, as well as disease; and some have no place in their sickness to shelter them from the weather. These circumstances induced the brethren at Tillipally to solicit assistance from their friends here. Through the active benevolence of the Rev. J. D. Glenic, chap- lain of this district, and J. N. Mooyart, Esq. magistrate of Jaffna, they have collected enough to pul up a building for a hospital, and to furnish it with some accommodation for the sick poor. The Rev. Mr. Glenie gave the timber for the building, and circulated himself a subscription. Mr. Mooyart contributed very generously for the object. Several of the civil and military gentlemen have contributed toward the institution. There is at present a small monthly subscription raised to support the hospital; but it is inadequate and uncertain. The contributors belong either to the civil or military list, and their continuance here is wholly uncertain. The Rev. Mr. Glenie was removed four weeks since to Point De Galle. His departure we very much regret. He is a decided friend of mission- aries, and feels deeply interested for the moral improvement of this heathen people. Mr. Mooyart, whom we have mentioned before in our letters, is a valuable friend to us. He is an active, zealous Christian.”

He who came from heaven — from the bosom of everlasting love, — to seek and to save that which was lost, himsfify while intent on this great "^ork of preaching the gospel, took our infirmiiicSy and bare our sick- desses. His disciples, and especially his ministers, should po.ssess and tlisplay the same compassionate spirit. And it cannot but afford a high 24

180

RKrORT.

REPORT.

187

1818.

1818.

satisfaclion and cause of thankfulness to this Board, and to the friendg of missions and of mankind in this country, if hy any means of theirs, the miseries of their fellow beings in India, have been, or shall be re- lieved. . ^ .

But how frail is man, and how liable to disappointment or to interrup- tion, are even the most benevolent human purposes! Bhysicians have their own infirmities and sicknesses to hear, and are themselves obiects ol Chris- tian sympathy. At the latest dates, Messrs. VVarren and Richards were both suspended from their labors, and languishing with disease. It will he recollected, that Mr. Warren, after his ordination, and before leaving this country, was taken with bleeding at his lungs; — with symptoms, which awakened no little concern for the event. It was, however, the opinion of pliysicians, that he could not do better for his health or life than to go to India. The voyage proved beneficial, and the climate of Ceylon pro- pitious: and for about sixteen months after his arrival there, he was able to be constantly and entirely engaged in the business and cares of the mission, and his prospect for established health was fair. But on the IJIth of August, a year ago, to the great aflliction of all the members of the mission, and of many others, his malady returned. Noticing his case in their journal ten days afterward, the brethren say, “Our friend, J. N. Mooyart, Esq. wiio visited us this morning, generously offered us the use of his house, which is furnished with every convenience, and advised that brother Warren should be removed to Jaffnapatam. Brother Warren’s peace of mind, and resignation to the divine will, are to us a cause for gratitude, and a ground of encouragement to all missionaries, to confide in the promise of their Lord and master, Lo, 1 am with you nhrays:'

At the house of Mr. Mooyart, to whom the missionaries and this Board are under great obligations for his multiplied benefits, Mr. Warren ex- perienced all the solace and relief, which the most affectionate kindness and assiduous attention could afford. After some weeks however, it was judged advisable, that he should he removed to the southern part of the island, to avoid the effects of the approaching rains; and accordingly on the ihU of October he left Jaffna for Colombo.

In a letter of December 27, Messrs. Meigs and Poor say, “We have also informed you of the ill health of brother Richards; that for more than a year past he has been unable to study, in consequence of weak eyes, and that for several months, lie has been in a debilitated state. We must now inform you, that his symptoms have become alarming; and we have many fears respecting his recovery. Ills lungs are affected, and his whole .system much reduced. After due deliberation, we have thought it expe- dient that he should go to Colombo by water; and tliat, unless some special reasons should prevent, he and brother Warren should thence proceed for Bombay. Brother Richards left Jaffna for Colombo on the IBth inst. leaving sister Richards and son at Batticotta.

*‘Tiie advice of physicians here, and the experience we have had on the subject, particularly in the case of brother AVarren and sister Poor on our passage from America, and recovery of brother Bardwell’s weak eyes, on liis passage to Bombay, are considerations which unite in direct- ing to a voyage, as tlie most probable means of restoring them to health.

At Colombo the two invalid brethren contracted for a passage to Bom- bay, and expected to embark about the middle of January. But on the

27th February, the latest date from Ceylon, Mr. Poor writes; *‘We have this day received a letter from Colombo, informing us that both our hreth- jqu there are more unwell. Sister Richards set out for Colombo on 'Tuesday last.”

In their letter of the 27th December, the brethren Meigs and Poor, in their trying situations, express their feelings in the following affecting terms; “By the removal of our two brethren, in such circumstances, wc feel that our strength is greatly reduced. Whether we regard them as beloved companions, and fellow laborers in the mission, or as Physiaaris whose services, our families, situated as they are at a distance from the European settlements, greatly need, we cannot but regard their removal as a great afiliction. But our minds are more deeply affected when we consider its influence upon the state of the mission. Just at the time when we had nearly completed the necessary repairs for living comfort- ably among the heathen, and in some degree prepared ourselves ior engaging with undivided attention to the appropriate duties of the mission with pleasing prospects of success, we are deprived of halt our

strength. . . ^ • i

“The same reasons which induced the Prudential Committee to send us hither, the additional ones contained in several of our letters, and now the reasons arising from the importance of supporting an establishment already commenced, unite in rendering it most desirable that moie missionaries should be sent out without delay.”

These communications will be received by this Board, as they have been by the Committee, with affectionate sympathy and deep concern. By all the members of the Board, and by the many tliousands who take part with them in this great cause, prayer will be offered without ceasing to the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, that, with all the riches of his mercy, he will be present with the beloved missionaries in the day o — with the sick, and with those on whom consequently redoub ed labors, and cares are devolved — affording to them respectively, all nee e help and support and consolation; and that all their aflhctions may re- dound to their sanctification and joy, and to the furtl.erance of us glorious Gospel among the heathen. Missionaries— fiuthfid devoted

missionaries, are his servants, engaged in his work and holden at his disposal. He loves them, and the cause for which they are sent forth to labor, infinitely better than do any of their patrons or friends on earth. He commands them to go, and teach all the nations; and assures them of his presence, and of a glorious reward; but he does not promise them exemption from sickness or from death. The field, in which ‘h^y are to labor and to die, is the field of unfading glory; and hy the same igh mandate, which shall call them to rest from their labors, others will be

summoned to fill their places. . - ,

Our mission to Ceylon has been marked with signal tokens of the divine favor; and notwithstanding the cloud on which our eyes have been fixed, its general state and prospects are highly encouraging. 1 he cli- mate, for a tropical one, is uncommonly salubrious; the living is chea| than in almost any other part of India; the glebes and buildings in so many pleasant and populous parishes, assigned by the government to mission, are acquisitions of great importance; a translation ‘he Scrip tures has already been made into the language of the people; and in

18R

REPORT.

1818.

various respects the facilities for communicating to them the knowledge of the Gospel, and spreading it extensively, are such as are seldom found in heathen lands. Ami it is the purpose of your Committee, trusting God, to use all diligence in strengthening the mission, and all care to pre- vent a failure of its iiopcs.

American AmntmiNEs. — It was on the Idth of January, IPl t, that the Rev. Mr. Kingsluiry arrived at Chickamaugah in the Cherokee nation, and commenced preparations for at* cstahlishment there. On the 7th of the following March, he was joined hy Messrs. Hall atid AVilliams with their wives. ^ Before the annual meeting of this Board in September, they had erected, four small log buildings; made considerable advances in preparations for other and larger buildings; taken into tlieir family^ and under tbeir instruction, twenty-six native children and youtli; and done not a little, lor the time^ towards procuring crops of \ arious produc- tions, and stocking the plantation with domestic animals.

Iri'thc Report of the last year, the Committee communicated their <Iesign of sending other missionaries and teachers to the Cherokees, and othe”- Indian nalmns, as soon, and as fast, as Providence should open the way, and supply the means. This design, which was explicitly ap- proved by the Board, bas not been forgotten.

Agreeably to arrangements made by the Committee, the Rev. Daniel S. Butrick embarked at Boston on the VMh of November, for Savannah; and on the 17th of the same month, the Rev. Ard Hoyt, with his family, embarked at Philadelphia, for the same port. On the 27th, under the kind caie of their Divine Master, they all safely arrived at Savannah; where they were received by the Rev. Dr. Kollock and other friends to the cause, with demonstrations of affectionate courtesy, hospitality, and generosity, which they have acknowledged with expressions of lively gratitude. From Savannah they proceeded with as little delay as possi- ble, by the way of Augusta and Athens, to the Indian country, and on the 3d of January, having experienced much kindness and some affecting ex- pressions of interest, from the Cherokees on their way, they reached the mission house at Chickamaugah.

Their feelings on the occasion, were expressed in the following terms. “AVith satisfaction inexpressible, with joy unspeakable, we are now per- mitted to erect our Ebenezer in this place, and dale Chickamaugah. Tlic Lord has been trying us with mercies ever since we left Savannah. AA'e have met with no disaster; we have not been hindered in our journey for a single lioiir by the sickness of any one ofonr numerous family; we have never felt the heart of a stranger: nor do I know that any one of the family lias had a gloomy hour. You will certainly join with us in praising our covenant God for his kind protecting providence, for his abundant mercy and grace. — AVe must leave you to judge of our feelings, — to meet our dear brethren here, find all well, and join with them and their Cherokee congregation in the public worship of God. Our hearts arc united; our spirits are refreshed; and we trust in God, that in all our labors, be will cause us to be of one heart and one mind.”

Early in December, the Rev. AA^illiam Chamberlin lefi, AVilkesbarre, Pennsylvania, the late residence of Mr. Hoyt, and proceeded to Pittsburg; where, agreeably to appointment, he met the Rev. Elisha P. Swift, m

report.

189

1018.

nneert with whom he was to act as an agent for promoting the objects f the Board in the western states. After having visited many of the Principal places in Ohio, Kentucky, and Tennessee, experienced many kindnesses, and made very considerable collections for the mission, he Lived at Chickamaugah on the Kith of March.

C)f the missionaries, thus assembled at the Cherokee station, it was the ,fpsi2n of your Committee that such a disposition should be made, as .fould best serve the purposes of that cstahlishment, and promote 'he o >- iect of a similar establishment, in the Choctaw nation. Advices to this effect were duly communicated; and on the IHth of March the brethren wrote as follows. “Your suggestions and instructions relative to designa-

,ina the persoms, who should go to the Choctaws, immediately engaged

our’ prayerful attention. After repeatedly comnnttmg the case to God and renewedly devoting ourselves to him m the work before us it given, unanimLsly, as our opinion, that brother Kingsbury and brother Ll sister Williams, will be the most suitable persons to select for this service, and that it will not be expedient to send any more establishment at present. The remainder of us, we ‘ of

usefully employed here, and that it may be best to make a ‘I'"'"'’' ‘'7^! our labors somewhat in the following manner; viz Brother the fatherly and pastoral care of the institution and ofBie church, 7°^ Hall to continue in his present station; brother Chamberlin to take charge of the school and superintend the labor and other '' ®

boys while out of school; and brother Butrick to pay special at ention to Sbe Cherokee language and act as an evangelist. We wish, also as far PS oracticable to give brother Chamberlin some time to atte^ to the Cherokee language. This distribution of our labors we cheerfully submit to the PrudenUal Committee to be confirmed or altered, as they, in the

'"ThMe^bposWo^ns were perfectly in agreement with the views of the rnmmittee and were accordingly ratified. ^ r j *

In the latter part of autumn and beg'n"''"? of winter U was foun the deen concern of your Committee, that the health of the 1 reasurcr was sermS ^pahed. It was the opinion of his physicians, that re- Txatron £ buLess, and a visit to the south, would ^ ‘he e , ^euns for his recovery, and were of essential importance. In this emerirency it was his wish, not less than that of his c^leagues of t

Committee, that the time of his absence from ^T’^J^’^harthe imjort- thp pause most dear to his heart. And it was thought that Uie 'mport

ant objects of the Board might be greatly ^oecTalkl'T hi vis-

south inder a commission as a general agent;

iting in his tour our C^-'-LLing .tTea-

arrangement was made , oOtirof ^January, he took pas-

business of that department; and, o months in Georgia and

sage for Savannah. After spending about three "'O'"®"’ ^ dm liras South Carolina, visiting the principal ^aces b^T^ss oMik

much as the state of his health would P^^'L u^usta h"ougl the agency; he proceeded, by the usual route ‘I ay .

Indian country to Chickamaugah where he S-

Abniit ten davs after his arrival, having had opportunity to make niu

216

REPORT.

*619

hopes realized; and they express concern, lest the expectations of their patrons and friends at home should not soon be fulfilled. At the dates, they had not more than three or four native children under iheif special domestic care; nor were they certain, that even these would he found eligible as beneficiaries of the sacred and particularly interesinj^ charities, to be applied to the education of heathen children as Chrif tians, and with specjfied and select names. The most assured confi, dence, however, may be cherished, that what can be done will be done for carrying the design into effect; and preventing a disappointment which, both the missionaries and your Committee would most deeply regret. ^

In the mean time, monies, specially given for this object, will be held in sacred trust; and will not, without the direction or consent of the donors, be otherwise applied. It will be at the option, however, of socie- ties and individuals by whom these donations have been made, to direct their application, as to them shall seem most desirable. Some monies originally intended for this specific application at Bombay, have already’ by direction of the donors, been transferred, for the same purpose to Cey! Ion, where children can be obtained with less difficulty, and supported at less expense. And your Committee beg to commend it to generous consideration, that only twice the sum requisite for educating a heathen child in a missionary family at Bombay, would be sufficient for the sup- port of a school there of forty or fifty heathen children; and to the estaC lishment of schools to any extent, for which funds shall be supplied, no obstacle is likely to be found. ^

In two years the schools of this mission have increased in number from four to twenty-five; and the pupils in an equal ratio. Let the present number in these schools be taken at a thousand; — let the increase hence- forward be only at the rate of doubling in five years; — and let five years be allowed, as the average term of the continuance of the same pupils at the schools;— and, in twenty-five years from this lime, thirty~one thou- sand heathen children will have been instructed, and issued from the schools; — and at the close of this period the number of schools will be 640, and the number of pupils in them 32,000.

Considering the wide extent of the field now opened, and the continu- ally increasing facilities and advantages afforded, these estimates will be regarded as quite moderate. But even these supply a basis for expanded hope, and open prospects on which the benevolent mind will delight to dwell. ^

Slender as the probability may be, that adult Hindoos, and especially such as are advanced in years, will be turned from their vanities unto the living God; it surely is in no degree improbable, that Hindoo children, brought early under a course of Christian instruction, taught and accus- tomed daily to read the Holy Scriptures, and impressed wUh the precepts

and doctrines and counsels and exhortations of the gospel will learfi

to see, to despise, and to abhor the hideous absurdity, deformity, soltish- ness, and impurity of the Hindoo system; will become advocates for the religion of Christ; and, by the grace of God accompanying the means of his own appointment, many of them be made devoted and exemplary dis- ciples.—Thirty thousand children, not only themselves instructed, but carrying the Bible into as many, or nearly as many, heathen families, and

1819.

REPORT.

217

reading it to their parents, and brothers and sisters, and acquaintances, will do much, even in their early years, for ‘ '

3t of divine truth. When attained to riper age, their ^£1

.rtiuence, and their impressions upon the mass of ](•

,hev are intermixed, will be proportionably mcicased. INot alev^ them may become not only heads of families, but teac P

and teachers too, possessed of much hotter qualihcations ' _

be obtained. And some of them may be catechists, and preacher., regularly engaged, and elficient helpers in the •'

Meanwhile, the other parts of the system will

inissionaries, in their circuits, will preach ^ j other

thousands of heatlien people, and distribute the Scriptures -

books and tracts, and cause them to he distributed, throughout cities am

districts and provinces, containing millions.

But the system is not to cease its operations in twenty-five years, wifi then have gathered strength, augmented its

its facilities and advantages, for extended and more effective opera tions.

Ceylon.— At the last anniversary, our hearts were afflicted with mournful anticipations, respecting two of the brethren of t is mission.

Those anticipations were but too sure. ,t> i

The Report then made, left Messrs. Warren and Richards the astof February ^1818, at Colombo, where they had been for several weeks, re- fired ffom their’ labors, and in quest of health,

.nd Poor, in • joinl kuer, w.itten about a monlh aterward., give tbs

following particular and satisfactory account. at-

“As sending oyr brethren to the Cape, was a measure "eces ar ly at- tended with cLsfflerable expense, we deem it important

definitely the reasons attack which

sary to give a concise history f ° was so severe

ruTirlT “ .— or tSjro.. .s^bne. an.l ,„t,abili„ of bi. it woutd 'be tugtd, t,„p,od™. k s'k.nP. .0

“In the forepart ot a passage in a small

for some time, found i*" o.PP"' '"'^^ j,, this he first came

vessel, that was go.ng the ’tbe same month. While

to Jaffna, where he arrived on at Colombo, enclosing

brother Richards remained bere, < place, who attended

acertificate from the two principal ] ). * _ should take a pas-

Wo,,,., w.„c„, -r

Eof Sb‘'?». bonobt, »t*>' P-"-

21H IIRPORT. 1819.

in all prol)a!)ility, cxporioiifo hy the voyage, it was thought best that he should accompany brother Warren.

“Wlien the siil)jcct ranie before us at our meeting, we liad many doubts as to the |)ropric(y o( the measure. — After niitch deliberation and prayer however, we came to the following conclusion: — That it was expedient for brother llichnrds to return immcdiatelv to Colombo, and not to prose- cute his voyage round the island. If, after his arrival at tliat place, all things appeared favorable for their "oing, they Iiad our permission to go. Wc also concluded, that brother Richards must be tiie judge, whether all things were lavorahle or not, after knowing our opinion and feelings on the subject. AVe had, however, hut faint expectations that our breth- ren would go. We thought it hardly prol)ahIe, tliat a good opportunity would 1)0 |)rescntcd, as vessels would not come to Colombo, after the middle of May. Wo leared tliat brother Warren’s health would be such as to reudor it inadmissible to attempt to remove liirn to the vessel. We did not know, that our funds would be sufficient to meet the expense, without very much curtailing our missionary operations here. All these dilficulties were in the providence of God to be removed, before they could go, as it will appear in the sequel tliat they were.

“Soon after brother Richards’ arrival at Colomlio, the weather there became suddenly cooler, and brother Warren’s health was evidently much benefitted by the change. The physicians had before given their opinion, that lie ought to be removed to a cooler climate, that he might recover strength. They now urged this as an additional reason why he should go to the Cape, iu preference to any part of India.

“The venerable Archdeacon Twislcton was so kind, as to offer to write to the governor, then in Candy, to request, that a free passage might be granted to our brethren on lioaid one ot the government transports, which was expected shortly from the coast, and would then sail immediately to the Cape. The request was very generously complied with by his excel- lency, governor Hrowtirigg. Our lirethren, however, were to find their own provisions for the voyage. Wc are informed, that brother Richards spent much lime in conversation with broliier Warren, on the subject, and par- ticularly with his physicians. I le found brother Warren very desirous to go. He entertained a strong persuasion, that a voyage to the Cape and back again, would lie the means, under God, of restoring him to a comfortable degree of health; and be had a strong desire to live that he might do some- thing for the heathen. His physicians, also, concurred in the same opinion, respecting the probable benefit to be experienced from the voyage. In conversation with brother Richards they stated distinctly, that, in their opinion, there was a great degree of probability, that tlie voyage would be the means of so far restoring brother Warren to health, that he might be useful in the mission for some years, although they did not think he would ever again be able to preach. After this opinion was given, brother Richards said, that he felt it to be bis duty to advise brother Warren to go. All the circumstances appeared to him favorable. The opponunity was a very good one. The cx]>ense would not be very great: and brother Warren’s health was so mucli better, that it was thought proper to attempt to remove him to the vessel.

On the return of the two transports, they were offered their choice of the one, in which they would sail. After brother Richards and brother

18J9.

REPOKT.

219

Chater had been on board of both, they chose the Regalia. Every thing on board was found convenient for the voyage. I'lie captain was a very agreeable and obliging man, and the sliip, in wliich they were to sail, almost empty. As the rules of the ship would not permit them to furnish their own provisi^s, the captain agreed to furnish them with every thing necessary, for thirty-five pounds each, which was considered at Colombo to be very reasonable.

“On Saturday, April 25lh, tliey attempted to remove brother arren to the ship, and succeeded beyond their expectations. Wiien be arrived at the wharf, however, he had symptoms of bleeding from tlie lungs; but soon after he was put on board, these symptoms subsided; and before brother Chater left them in tlie evening, brother Warren was <|uitc com- fortable. At eight o’clock the next morning, the transports set sail with a fair wind, and proceeded on their voyage.”

For the greater part of their voyage, as appears by a letter written by Mr. Richards, after their arrival at the Cape, theweatlier was very favor- able; and the health of both the brethren, particularly of Mr. Warren, was so much recruited, as to afford hope of its being iu a good measure restored. These propitious circumstances continued, until they came in sight of land, and expected to be in port at tlic Capo in about two days. The scene was changed. They encountered heavy gales,— were driven out to sea, — and for a fortnight were tossed upon tlie waves in cold and boisterous weather. They landed at Simon’s Bay in tlie forepart of July, and were conveyed thence to Cape Town, on the I4th of tlie same month. Both of them had taken severe cold, and their health was much

depressed, ^ ■ , i i • i

They were received at Cape Town with distinguished kindness, and

particularly in the Rev. George Thom, missionary there from the London Missionary Society, they found a friend and a brother, who, by his assid- uous attentions, conferred great obligations upon them and upon their patrons and friends. Your Committee feel a satisfaction of no ordinary kind in recording the following passages of a letter to the Corresponding Secretary, written by Mr. Thom, at the instance of the brethren, four

days after their arrival. • v i

“I cannot describe to you the pain I have felt on seeing these dear brethren — pain, indeed, of a different kind from what some of us have of late been called to experience in Africa. Tliough worn down by dis- ease, particularly Mr. Warren,— yet tlie heart is on the right object. “If I am so ill ” says Mr. Warren, “that it would be a great risk to under- take another voyage, then let me die in the blessed work.” Mr. Rich- ards seems to afford some hope of recovery; hut the three medical gen- tlemen who have met to consider tlieir case, say they can hold out but little hope of the recovery of Mr. Warren. Both are in a consumption.

“We have provided them a lodging at tlic most reasonable rate and 1 shall do my utmost in their belialf. Eermi^sion has been granted by the colonial Government for their residence; and several of our pious fneiids express great sympathy on their account. ,, , , ,

“The trials, to which your Board have hern called, liave been uncom- mon, but not so great as Olliers: and the painful trial m the present in- stance of two holy and prudent hrelhicn, being driven by disease from the sphere of their missionary labors, will, no doubt, be deeply felt; an ,

RKPOUT.

1819.

if it should please our Loid and Master to remove them from his church on earth, great will he the aflliction. One thing gives me infinite delight, to behold tlie dear brethren entirely resigned to the will of their heavenly Father, and with comfortable views of their interest iiUiis love.

“Tlie Rev. archdeacon Twisllcton of Colomi)o, in his letter of

introduction tome, ‘The American missionaries, Messrs. Ricliards and Warren, 1 recommend to your brotherly love. Men of more amiable manners and purer piety I never saw! to these qualities may be added others, amongst which are gratitude, discretion, and benevolence. May it please the Eternal God to restore them to health and rerrewed exertion in his service.' For this testimony the Board will give God praise.”

This devout assurance Mr. Thom might well express. Such a testi- mony from archdeacon Twislleton, so well known to this Board, and to the Christian community in this country, for his many acts of favor to our beloved missionaries, and to the general cause of missions, cannot fail to excite gratitude to the adorable I'^ountain of all good.

In about three weeks after the date of Mr. Thom’s letter, on the 11th of August, Mr. AVarren rested from his labors and sufferings.

The” missionary cour.se of this lamented servant of the Lord Jesus, short as it pleased Sovereign Goodness it should be, was marked with celestial radiance, Ilis brethren, who were associated with him in the scenes of his toils and trials, bear united and most afieclionate testimony to his eminent ami uniform devotedness to the holy cause, — his ardent, yet benign and well directed zeal, — bis alacrity and diligence in labors, — his patience and cheerful equanimity in sufferings, — his wisdom in counsel and prudence in action, — bis kindness of disposition, his heavenly niindedness, and his genera! excellence of character. During his length- ened illness, his exemplary resignation, his sweet serenity of mind, and his heavenly conversation were in a high degree edifying, and inspiring, llis last days and closing scene, as described by his afllicted friend and companion, Mr. Richards, were such, as this Board and all the friends of the cause would wish those of every missionary to be: — marked with a lively and steadfast confidence in the Lord Jesus, — solaced with a sacred and cheering enjoyment of the divine presence and love, — and brightened " with visions, not fantastic, of the glories ol immortality.

His flesh rests in hope at no great distance from that of Mrs. Newell; his spirit, we cannot doubt, is with hers, and with those of the apostles and prophets, and all the multitude of the redeemed, before the throne of God and the Lamb. — To the Father of mercies, and God of all grace, everlasting thanks are due, for such examples of living and dying, — such seals to the missionary cause.

Mr. Richards, after burying his friend, remained at the Cape, with no very material alterations in his caf?e, until the 25th of November, when, not finding an opportunity for a direct return to Ceylon, he embarked for Madras: — hoping that, in no long time, he might tlience get back to his wife and his brethren at the seat of the mission. Ills letters, written at * tlie time, breathe a spirit eminently Christian.

“On the whole,” he says, “I think the opportunity a very good one. The Lord is always exceedingly kind to mo, and I desire to he thankful, and to make mention of his unspeakable mercy. Though he has been trying me with afllictions ever since I landed in Ceylon, he has tried me

REPORT.

221

ore with mercies. I think I can truly say, I find it good to be afllic- ^ “1 do not expect to recover from this sickness; hut think it possi-

ble that 1 may live many months. I have a desire to return to Ceylon, tlial I o” missionary ground, ami in the bosom of my friends. —

I draw nearer the grave, my hope of salvation through the atonement Christ becomes stronger, and my views of lieaven become more and

Piore pleasant.” . u j ■ *

The latest letters from Ceylon make mention, that intelligence had just been received of Mr. Richards’ arrival at Madras, in much the same slate Qf health, as when he left the Cape.'^ — He is in the hand of his Divine Itlaster, the sovereign and gracious, and all-sutlicient Lord of missions. Living or dying he is safe; and tlie cause, to which his heart has been so evidently devoted, will he advanced. ■

Our Ceylon mission, thus afllicted and weakened, has been regarded ffith deep sympathy and concern. The purpose of your Committee, as expressed at the last annual meeting, to use all diligence in strengthening the mission, and all care to prevent a failure of its hopes, has not been

^^Immediately after the meeting, the resolution was decisively taken to send more missionaries to Ceylon; and Messrs, Miron AVinslow, Levi Spaulding and Henry AVoodward, were appointed for the service.

On the 4th of November, at the Tabernacle Church m Salem, the individuals now named, and Mr. Pliny Fisk, were publicly set apart for the service of God in the Gospel of his Son among the heathen, by solemn ordination. In impressive tokens of the divine presence; in a deep felt interest in the holy cause;-in a lively and exalted participation in the appropriate services; in union of sentiment and feeling, and fellowsinp in the breaking of bread, — the occasion was equal to any, which your Com- mittee had ever the privilege to witness, . j r r--

The hope was entertained, that the three brethren designated for Cey- Ion might be embarked in a few weeks after their ordination, and prep- arations for the purpose were actively put forward. No opportunity, how- ever, was offered for conveyance to the field of their labors, until after the

lapse of the winter and spring. i • j • * u c./

The delay was irksome; but Providence had a kind intention. Jhfet

in season to go at the time finally fixed upon, yet not w.diout the neces- sity of great despatch in preparation, John Scudder, M. D. a young phy- sician of good professional reputation and practice in the city of New- York and of well established Christian character, after having long delib- erated on the subject, came to the determination to make a sacrifice of his worldly prospects, and of all that could aUach h,m to h.s native coun- try for the benefit of the heathen, and the glory of Christ. Being apprised of the expected depart, ire of the three waiting missionaries he made a solemn offer of himself, his wife and child, to be sent with them

Dr^Scudder had for several years entertained serious thoughts of the ministry; had addicted himself to theological reading and study; and been accustomed to take a part in social religious exercises. It would, there- fore, accord with his feelings and desires, to prosecute sacred studies,

'Since this Report was made, a lolirr has heen received from Ilond.ay, which mcnlions lha arrival of Mr. K. al llic scat of the inission in Ceylon.

222

REPORT.

enjoying the aid of the hretliren with whom ho might he associated during his passage and after his arrival, until it should he deemed proper for him to receive ordination; and, in tlie mean time, and ever afterward;, to hold his medical science and skill sacredly devoted, and to he ein! ployed as opportunity sliould he alforded, for t!ie benevolent purposes of the mission.

Desirable as it was, that the deeply deplored breach, made by the removal of Mr. AVarren from the mission, from its hospital, and from the miserable multitudes to whom his medical practice promised to open the most hopeful access for the Gospel, should l)e supplied; your Committee could not hut regard the oiler of Dr. Scudder, as signally providential His testimonials were ample and satisfactory; and he was gratefully accepted.

On the Hth of June, the three ordained missionaries, and the beloved physician, witii their wives, having previously received the instructions and the alTectionatc counsels and exhortations of the Committee, em- barked at Boston, on board the brig Indus, bound to Calcutta, but engaged provisionally to touch at Ceylon. It was a scene of sacred and melting tenderness; and* while the parting hymn was sung, and the valedictory prayer was offered, — devoutly commending lliem to the grace of God for the holy and arduous service to which they were devoted, — a numerous assemblage of friends and spectators attested the deep sym- pathy and interest, with which tlieir hearts w'ere affected, by many tears. It may be hoped, that the fervent <lesires of many hearts are in gracious remembrance with Him, who rules the elements; and that within three or four weeks from this time, a scene scarcely less tender, — a scene not of parting but of meeting, — will be enjoyed in Ceylon.

The circumstances and operations of the mission at Ceylon are consid* erably different from those at Bombay. As there has been extant for many years a good translation of the Scriptures into the Tamul or Maia- barian, the common language of the northern part of Ceylon, where the mission is established; our missionaries there have no occasion to employ themselves in making a translation, — an arduous work which occupies no inconsiderable portion of the time and laborious attention of our Bom- bay mission. Nor have they yet at Ceylon got the printing establish- ment into operation, 'fhey have a press and types, both Tamul and English, — and apparatus and paper; and in no long time, it is hoped, will liave a sufficiency of hands for commencing the printing of the Scriptures and other books and tracts. An edition of the Tamul Scriptures is greatly needed; as are also other books for their schools, for distribution, and the various purposes of the mission.

The labors of tliis mission have consisted chiefly, hitherto, in preach- ing to the people, establishing and superintending schools, and instruct- ing children in the family; with the necessary preparations for these im- portant departments of labor.

At the three stations of the Bombay Mission, the brethren are in the midst of large cities, comprising in all not less than two hundred thou- sand souls; and throughout which they preach and distribute books and tracts to the people in the streets, at their liouses and temples, and differ- ent places of resort, as opportunities are aflbrdcd, — but without the satis- faction and advantage of stated places and regular assemblies. The

REPORT.

223

1819-

(^eylon mission is in a country of villages, where the people, though not jiiiily scattered, are yet very differently situated from those in crowded In general, they are less deeply immersed in the darkness and corruptions of paganism, and have moce activity of intellect, more knowl- edge, and more disposition to listen and iiupnre, than tlie mass of the Hindoos of Bombay.

Besides Tillipally and Batticotta, the two stations of the mission, the Ijfethren have six other large parishes under tlieir particular care Malia- gum, Milettee, and Panditcripo, belonging to the Tillipally station; and Changane, Oodooville, and Manepy, belonging to the station of Batti- cotta-

In these parishes, as formerly reported, there are ancient church build- ings and glebes, whicii our missionaries have been permitted to occupy, and which, after consideralde expense in repairs, are of great advantage 10 the mission. And within these parishes, chiolly, tbougb not solely, the lirethren have bestowed their labors and attentions; making their circuits from week to week, for preaching, visiting the schools, and the various purposes of the mission.

For a considerable time, they could of course preach to the native people only by interpreters; but now, for more than a year, both Mr. Poor and Mr. Meigs have been able to preach in the language of the country.

The instruction of children, however, has been with them, from the beginning, an object of very earnest attention. They early took the resolution to establish schools in all the parishes under their care, the superintendence of which should be assigned in divisions to tiie several brethren of the mission; and to extend the system to as great an am- plitude, as they should find lliemselves able. But their operations have been retarded by the afflictive dispensations towards Messrs. Warren and Richards.

In a joint letter, bearing date May 24, 1818, Messrs. Meigs and Poor say;

“Our schools, for reasons which we have before mentioned, are not so numerous as we hoped they would be before this lime. But still we are making advances in this good work. The school at Tillipally is in a flourishing state, and consists of forty boys. Twelve of these brother Poor has taken from their parents, and they are supported at the expense of the mission. They are making very good progress, both in Tamul and English. The school at Panditeripo, between three and four miles west ofTillipally, established and superintended by Mr. Poor, consists of 36 boys. The school at Batticotta consists at present of 4(» boys; since we wrote last, it has been, for a time, much less tliaii that. Many boys will attend the school for one, two, or three months, and then be taken away by their yiarents for various reasons; hut principally, because they need tbem to labor. This is indeed a trial; but one which we must expect to meet often, till these people have learned the value of an education.

“About the middle of April, brother Meigs opened a school in another part of Batticotta, where he goes to preach every Sabbath afternoon, which already consists of 30 fine boys, and is almost every day increas- ing. He has now also opened a school in Changane, the next parish north of Batticotta. This school lias been opened a fortnight, and con-

224

report.

sists of upwnrds of 30 boys. The whole number of hoys, in the schools fluperinlcnded by brother Meigs, is MM); those of brother 1 oor /G; ^ al|

\')nly^six months aRer this, in his journal of November, Mr. Pqq^

SlcLtO^ *

“Near our house is a heathen school, which has been taught many years by a man now consideraI)ly advanced in age. He has in his school about thirty boys, the children of stout heathens, who would not send them to this place. I have lately several times visited the school, and become acipiainted witli the master and l)oys. This evening, the master came to make proposals for ]>ulting the school under my superintendence.

I agreed to give him four rix dollars a month, on condition, that he should instruct thirty hoys, and that I should have the direction of their studies, lie is doubtless influenced to do this by the hope of obtaining one dollar a month; and the parents consent to it, on condition that they shall make him no compensation for his services. These boys have proceeded fur- ther in their studies, than those who have hitherto beeri received into my schools. This is the eighth school connected with this station. As these schools are in six different parishes, it would be impossible for me properly to superintend them, had 1 not tlie assistance of Maieappa, who is at Mallagum, and of my interpreter. At this time, my schools are well attended. The whole number of boys in the eight schools is nearly four hundred.”

These statements shew a rapid and very animating increase. The total number of pupils under the care of Mr. Meigs at this time, is not in any of the communications so definitely given. In September, how- ever, two months earlier, be bad five schools — four in Batticotta and one at Changane; and was intending soon to establish others in Manepy and Oodooville.

It may be pretty safely estimated, that at the close of the year 1818, the period to which the present Report brings «lovvn the history of the mission, the total number of pupils in the scliools belonging to the two stations, was about seven hundred.

Highly gratifying, also, is the success in obtaining Children to be held under the special care of the missionarie.s, and broiiglit up in the nurture and admonition of the Lord, in their families. In Mr. Poor s there were, at the last dates, twenty-four native boys; to whom, or the most of whom, select names were given, denoting them as tlie beneficiaries, respectively, of particular societies or individuals in this country; and of wliom, as to their minds, their behavior, and their improvement, very pleasing ac- counts are given. The number in Mr. Meigs’s family is not stated; but would seem, from facts and circumstances incidentally mentioned, to be considerable, and fast increasing.

In this place, the following brief extracts from the journals and letters of Messrs. Mciffs and Poor, may be interesting to the Board, as they will shew, in varied lights, the slate and labors, the spirit and prospects ol the mission.

In the journal of the Batticotta station, Mr. Meigs writes;

**Sabhath, .Tune 8, 1818. The number of our hoys is fast increasing on the Sabbath. To-day M)G were present, besides 30 other persons.

REPORT.

225

‘^June 29. A pleasant Sabbath. One hundred and thirty hoys were

present, besides a goodly number of men.” ^ i • i

^ “Aug. 26. ARer much delay, and many difficulties, have this day commenced boarding heathen boys, in the cook house, which I have erected for them. I commenced with five hoys. This is an important day in the history of this mission:— the commencement, I hope, of much good to these poor heathen boys. It will, however, greatly increase our cares. We expect to meet many trials in pursuing tliis object.

“One of my neighbors, who is a strong heathen, whose boy attends the day school, says frcipiently in a triumphant tone, ‘Wlien you can per- guade four l)oys of good caste from Batticotta, to come and live with you,

I will then give you my hoy;’ meaning to assert strongly, the great im- probability, if not impossibility, of my getting tbern. I have two, how- ever, from Batticotta already, besides the one abovementioned, whose relatives by threats prevented him from coming. 1 he triumph of tliis

man, I trust, will be short.” i • .

“Sept 5 A number more of boys have applied to be received into the school and supported. When 1 am not previously acquainted with the boys, I take them a few days upon trial, before I make a final agree- ment with their parents. It is highly gratifying to Christian feelings, to witness the change that is made in the appearance of these boys, in a few days. We give them a plain cloth, of a yard and a half or two yards in ienerth, according to their size, to cover them. We give them plain food, as much as they need. This change in their circumstances not only surprisingly alters the appearance of the boys, but also increases

the vigor of their minds and bodies. ,

“It has always been principally to the poor, that the gospel is preach- ed So it is among this people. It is from tliis class that we must look for boys to be supported and educated in our families. 1 he rich are usually unwilling to give us their sons; and even if they were willing, we should not think it expedient to take them; for they commonly g*ve us much trouble by their complaints about their food and clothing We greatly prefer poor boys on this account; and even orphans, vvhen we can obtain them. Many, who are brought here, are destitute of one or both their parents; and on this account, as also on account ot their pov- erty, are objects of charity. . i n j

“Sept 23. Christian David came out to Batticotta to spend the day

with US and preach to the people. In the morning, 1 collected the boys from my four schools in Batticotta. Two of these have been but recently opened, and contain but few boys. There were present, however from these four schools, 120 boys. Ollier people assembled, which made the number 200. Our large room was well filled. Tlie Changane school was not called here, as we had made an appointment to go to that place and preach in the school-house. After service was ended at Batticotta we accordingly went thither, and held public worship. The school at Changane consisted of 7T hoys, of whom (10 were present. In al , we had 11.7 hearers. The people had covered the llonr of the school-house with mats, and placed chairs for ns to sit in, covered with white cloth. We then visited a family of Roman Catholics in the neighborhood, and partook of some refreshment in the native style, and returned home well pleased with our excursion.”

29

REPOUT.

2^

1^19.

A daughter ofChristian David, wlio is about 15 years of age^ is liv. ing with us for the purpose of making further progress ni Englistj studies. She is a very amiable young woman. ... , .

9. Have commenced a new plan with my schoolmasters, which is to assrmhle them all on Saturday afternoon, to hear a report of ihoir schools and to communicate to them religious instruction. 1 hey har] before been accustomed to come on Sabbath evening. But as some of them live at a con.siderabic distance, this is often found inconvenient. It is very important, that those who are employed to teach others, sliould

themselves he instructed. — t j .

'‘12th. Yesterday attended the communion at Tillipally: preached m Tamul to BOB people, and baptized the infant son of brother Poor. It

was a very interesting day. . i rn • ■

“10. The Rev. Messrs. Squance, Gogerly, Knight, and Christian David, came here to spend the day. Mr. David preached to a good audb

cnce of llie natives. , . , • i n rr i

“25th. It is pleasant to witness the change which is gradually cttected,

in .some instances, in the minds of the natives. Their prejudices, \vc may expect, will by degrees wear away. The man mentioned above, who boasted tliat we sliould never be able to get four boys of good caste from Batticotta to eat wi(b us, is an instance to illustrate this remark. Though a very strong heathen, and violently opposed to the truth, yet he spends tlie greatest part of his time at our house. His son is a lovely boy, and the fatlier is often in the school and very diligent in teaching him. He is almost always present at our morning worship in 1 amul, and has not been absent from meeting on the Sabbath for a long time, and always gives good attention. Yet when conversed with on the subject of religion, he shews a very strong attachment to his own superstitions; though he will admit, that much we tell him of the Christian religion is good and true. For some days past, he has permitted his son to stay here through the night, and sleep with niy hoys. The lad usually goes also to the cook house with the others, when they take their meals, though he does not eat with them. To-day the man told Mrs. Aleigs, that we had succeeded in getting more than four boys, and asked her if she did not want his son? She told him, no; for she expected we should be able to take as many poor boys, as we had money to support. He then told her, that she might have his son, if she wanted him, — that he might stay here and sleep with the other boys, and learn such things as we wished him to learn; only, as he lived so near us, it was better for the boy to take his meals at home. I should not be surprised, if, in a^few days, he should propose to have his soil eat with tlie other boys.

The next are notices by Mr. Poor, in the journal of Tillipally.

“June 11th. Visited the school at Milelte for the first time. Found thirty-three boys present, five of whom were able to read on the olla. Most of the others are learning the Tamul alphabet. The head man ot the parish, and several others, parents of the school hoys, were present, to whom I explained the object of my coming into the country, and prayed with them. Their curiosity was considerably excited, because I spoke to them in Tamul. 'J'hough I spoke with a stammering tongue, more attention appears to have been excited to wliat I said, than when I by an interpreter.

REPORT.

227

1819.

“July 1. Our weekly prayer meetings on Wednesday evenings have become more interesting of late, in consequence of my having requested Jill the schoolmasters connected witli this station to attend, that they may give to me, and to each other, some account of their schools, and receive instructions and directions from me.

“July G. I have this day finished two school houses, which I have been building on the church land at Mallagum. One is for a school, ^vhich was commenced a few weeks ago, and the other is for Franciscus Maleappa to live in. We regard Maleappa, agreeably to his own and his father’s wishes, as one permanently connected with our mission; and consider ourselves obliged to give him a competent support, so long as bis conduct is worthy of his station. At present, he receives BO rix dol- lars* per month. As he dresses in the European style, his expenses are much greater, than they would have been, if he had retained his native

“That the Committee may have a correct idea of every branch of our mission, it is necessary to give some further account of Maleappa. He is a native of Malabar, about 20 years of age, the son of a native preacher, supported by government at Negombo. He was one or two years m the government school at Jaffnapatam, under the care of the Rev. C. David. He attended the school taught by us, during the six months we were at Colombo. Since brother Warren and I came to Tillipally, he has served us as an interpreter, and pursued his studies wit^ reference to his becom- ing a catechist. He has a facility in speaking to the people on those topics, both in the Christian and heathen religion, which are most impor- tant to be insisted on; and he appears to take a delight in so ^o>ng.

“Sept. 9. To excite among the people attention to the school, 1 have this day held a public examination of the boys in the church. The effect appears to have been good, both on the parents and children.

“Nov. 20. Eight girls usually attend our female school during the week, and on the Sabbath about a dozen girls attend and recite the cate- chism. About the same number of women attend the church. ’

In their joint letter of May 24th of the last year, the brethren say, “We are highly gratified with your liberality and that of the Christian public in regard to schools. The expense of native schools is a mere trifle. ^ For the erection of a suitable building, in the first place, we must pay about 16 dollars ; this will answer very well to preach in to the peo- ple when there is no better building. Such teachers as the country affords, who only teach Tamul,.may be obtained for $1,50 per mopth. To those who have sufficient education to teach English as well as Tamul, we must give from 4 to 8 dollars a rnontli.

“The expense of supporting boys in our families, is also very sinall. We think we may safely say, that with proper economy, a boy from 6 to 12 or 14 years of age, may be fed and clothed in the native style for one Spanish dollar a month, or twelve dollars a year. Older boys will require a little more, principally because their dress must be a little more expensive. The dress of the native chddron, and even of the men generally, is of the most simple kind. It consists merely of a piece of plain India cotton, of one yard in width, and two or two and a half in

Equal lo about eight Spa >ish dollars.

22S

RKPORT.

1819.

length, wound round the person. From the statement which we have made respecting the education and support of children, you will see that we have here an opportunity of doing great good at a comparatively small expense. AV^e have no doubt, tliat many benevolent individuals, of both sexes, will bo found in our native land, who will rejoice in the op, portuniry of contrihntiiig the small sum of dollars annually, if by that means they may rescue a lieathcn youtli, of promising talents, from the miserable condition ol idolaters, and place him in a missionary family where he will possess many of the advantages of being educated, which are enjoyed in a Christian land. In what manner can they dispose of this sum to better advantage? In what fund can they vest it where it will yield grcat(?r iwolit? Wliat pure and exalted pleasure will it afford them, in the day of judgment, to meet some of tliese heathen children, emanci- pated from their miserable condition, and made happy forever, through their liberality. Surely the object is great enough to warrant the sacri- fice necessary to obtain it. Atjy individual or society, contributing this sum for the support of a boy, may select a name for him. We regret exceedingly, that we cannot educate female children, as well as male. If we inquire of the natives, wliy they do not teach their girls to read, their only re[)ly is, have no such custom in our country.’ ”

J o the extracts now given, your Committee will add only the following from the latest joint letter, bearing date Oct. 10, 1818.

After several particular acknowledgments of donations from societies and individuals, for the education of children in their families, the breth- ren proceed to say, —

“You, Dear Sir, and the other members of the Board, doubtless partici- pate in our feelings of gratitude towards those, who are disposed to assist the cause, in a manner so suited to our wants, and so directly calculated to strengthen and encourage us in our work. It can hardly be conceived, by persons in our native country, how great is the difference between the “oys, generally, in this heathen land, and those whom we have taken and upon whom we expend one dollar per month. Their manners, dress| mode of living, as well as the state of their minds, are essential!^ bene- fitted. Verily the blessing of them, who are ready to perish, will come upon those, who, with a right spirit, give but a mere trifle for the support of heatlien boys.

“We have often expressed to you our conviction, that the most effec- * used, for extending and perpetuating a knowledge

of Christianity among the heathen, is, that of training up native preachers, who may go forth properly qualified to preach to their countrymen It IS with reference to this, that the object of taking children into our fami- lies appears to be of primary importance; and presents powerful motives to us, tor using special exertions with those whom we have taken.

“We have beP^rc mentioned Franciscus Meleappa, a native of the country, who for a year and a half served the brethren at Tillipally as an interpreter. About Pmr months ago he was stationed at Mallagum an adjoining parish, on the south of Tillipally. He there instructs a few boys in English, attends to the moral instruction of the Tamul school established m that parish, reads to the people on the Sabbath, and assists in superintending two otlier schools in that vicinity. We iiidulcre a hope, that he will be of considerable service to our mission.

1819.

REPORT.

229

“We trust, Dear Sir, we understand something of the nature of those feelings, which dictated the closing injunction of your last letter to us. ‘Forget not that your great concern is to preach the Gospel.’ Could we attend to this duty with apostolic zeal, we should act agreeably to our con- victions ofduty. We wish to have more deeply impressed upon our minds, the truth, that // hath incased God by the foolis^hncss of lyreaching^ to savf' them that brlirt'c.

“It is our practice to preach twice on the Sabbath; once in the morn- ing at our station, and in the evening at some places in our parish. We occasionally preach in other parishes, where our schools are established. Two evenings in the week we give religious instruction to such as are inclined to attend at our houses. During the week we converse more or less with the people, as our other avocations will permit.”

These extracts afford ample evidepce, that the brethren of this mission have been laborious in their work, and much reason to hope tliat their zealous labors will not be in vain in the Lord. When joined by those, who are now on tlieir passage, the mission will be strengthened, its schools may be multiplied, and its operations extended.

Siipyen, the interesting youth noticed at some length in the Report of the last year, was, at the time of the latest dates, upon the coast of the neighboring peninsula, still suffering from persecution, but apparently steadfast in the faith. Of Maleappa it may reasonably be hoped, that he will not only prove himself to have been made a partaker of the grace of the Gospel, but also be a helper to the mission and a blessing to the heathen. Mention is made, in the letters and journals, of one or two others, hopefully turned from darkness unto light; and of a prevailing con- viction on the minds of not a few, that their idolatrous system is vanity and a lie.

Palestine. — As this mission is intended for the same great quarter of the globe, in which the two already reported are established, it seemed proper to introduce it in immediate connexion with them: though in chronological order this is not its place.

If the countries of Southern Asia are highly interesting to Christian benevolence, and have strong claims upon Christian commiseration, on account of the hundreds of millions of human beings immersed in the

O ,

deepest corruption and wretchedness; tlie countries of Western Asia, though less populous, are in other respects not less interesting; nor do they present less powerful claims. These were the scenes of those great transactions and events, which involved the destinies of mankind of all ages and all nations, for time and eternity; the creation of the progeni- tors of our race — the beginnings of the sciences and arts, and of civil and political institutions — the fatal transgression, which “brought death into the world and all our woe” — the successive revelations of Heaven, with all their attestations, their light and their blessings — the incarnation, labors and agonies of the Son of God, for the recovery of that vdnch laas lost — and the first exhibitifui of that mighty and gracious power, which •s to bow the world to his sceptre, and fill the mansions of immortality 'viih his people. They have since been the scenes of direful changes; ^nd the monuments of all their glory have long Iain buried in dismal ruins. '^But the word of Jehovah abideth forever, and that word gives promise

2(58

REPORT.

J820.

to the salvation of many souls, an<l wc hope the reception of one is but « token of an approaclnns harvest to he prathered in. Surely the word of Oo,l Will „ot rclurii void; and we wonhl never slacken our hands in t|l dispensation of it. And oh, may we have more faith and zeal and tience, that we may be so blessed as to gather fmit unto eternal life.”

Mission i.v Tiir. island of Ckvi.on.— On behalf of Messrs. Wins ovy, .SpauMmg, \Vo,idwan , and Scudder, mentioned in the report of the'

■ last year, as having embarkcl on the Stii of the preceding June there t rea.son for great thankfulness to the Supreme Di.spo.ser. The vessel was no. iiuJeed m sea.son to touch at Ceylon, and leave’ the missionarfes there as it was hoped she might, on her way to Calcutta; but at the latter place’ the port of her destination, she arrived, all on board heino- well about the middle of October. “Though our passage,” they say in^their ’first

nlersa^ril ‘ >^6, it has beeri much more

p easa.it than we anticipated. On the whole, our sea has been smooth'

our accommodations good, and our long passage the journey of a day ”

in from sickness,” they say, “we agreed

he S iTath Jme^^^ P-^bli’c worslnp S

Our labors amonj^ the seamen have been eonsirlprablt* T’k

The |,.,e „e,S“r„i,|, g7S ISelT,

slri.ctions with much attention ” ^ '^^spect, and l.stened to our in-

there will be opportunity for serious reflp’ i ^

whence they have fallen, and to repent. T.n^’wT'ire'ru^agedToTop::

1820.

REPORT.

269

from the manner in which they parted from us last evening, all bein? very much affected, and sorrowing that they should see our faces no more. But we commit them to the protection of him who is able to keen them from falling.

By the particular and full account given by the missionaries in their letters and journal, and most amply confirmed by the testimony of the highly and justly beloved and respeefed captain, and of the oflicers and men generally, u is placed beyond doubt, that the abundant and faithful instructions and warnings given to the seamen, jvere efficacious in an extraordinary measure. The seriousness, which began with a few be- came general; and for a considerable time before their arrival the im- pression upon the whole company was most solemn and most p’rofound pom p that IS knowm since the return of the vessel, it is most fully pheved, that the Lord, in very deed, was with the missionaries and tha^ few instances are on record, in which the power of his grace was more manifest, or those within its influence in greater proportion evidently relormed, and hopefully renewed for immortnlity and glory. ^

Ofwhat befel these fayored brethren at Calcutta, your Committee can- not give a better account, than is given by themselves, in the letter from which the Iasi quotation was made.

“On our arrival at Calcutta, we thought it best to accept a kind invi- tation from Capt. Wills, to take a part of his house. We can never say too much concerning the kindness of this dear man; nor mention the many little attentions, which contributed to render our passage pleasant During our stay of three weeks at Calcutta, he not only provided rooms for us and kept us all at his table free of expense, but in various ways contributed, in articles of necessity and convenience for our mission not less than two hundred dollars; beside many nameless expenses incurred for our comfort while we were with him. By his exertions, likewise and those of Mr. Ceyder, an American resident in Calcutta, whom we would mention with gratitude, more than a hundred dollars were raised for us from other American friends. Mr. Newton too, whose name is probably familiar to you, partly by his means, became so much interested for us as not only to take the trouble of providing for us a passage to Ceylon’ pt in connection with a few other friends of missions, to contribute five hundred dollars towards the expense. This benevolent gentleman with Mrs. Newton, a native of Pittsfield, Mass., who likewise shewed us’mucl. Kindness, is about to return to Boston.

“At Calcutta, though in a land of strangers, we found ourselves sur- rounded by friends. The evening after our arrival, we met most of the Baptist brethren, of whom there are now six in Calcutta, (the younger brethren, who were at Serampore, having separated from Drs. Carey and Marshman, and established themselves in Calcutta,) all the brethren from the London Society, of whom there are four, and Mr. Schmidt, from the Church Missionary Society. We enjoyed with them a precious season of prayer, and Christian intercourse. The first hymn was given out by Mr. Townley, of the London Society: — ^^Kindrcd in Christ for his dear — a hearty ivelcome here receive:^ This, we believe, expresses the real feelings of those, whom we met. They are precious men, and are doing a good work in Calcutta. Their moral influence is already felt, 9nd an important change is effected; especially as to the treatment of

270

REPORT.

1820.

missionaries. This was seen in our polite reception at the police office, and in the generosity at the custom house, where all our baggage, to- gether with the boxes of medicine, hooks, &c. belonging to the Board, were passed, both in landing and rc-.shij)ping, free ot duty, and even of

‘^jint it was not designed that we should leave Calcutta without trials. We had been there hut five days, when brother Scudder was called to part with his dear little daiighler. She died of an illness of three days. The next day, sister Winslow was taken sick, and brought near the grave. The woman of color was also very sick, and sister Woodward was brought so low, that her life was almost despaired of, and we were obliged to leave her and her husband behind. After her recovery they will take the earliest opportunity of a passage to Ceylon.

“We are now on board the Dick, of London, Capt. Harrison, a pleas- ant ship, with good accommodations; and are to be landed either at Trin-

comalee, or Colombo, as we please.” ,,.1 1 u 1

It was a painful circumstance to Mr. and Mrs. Woodward, to be left behind; and before tlic Dick had got far down the river, Mrs. Woodward felt herself so mucli bettor, that, after advising with her physician, they made arrangements for attempting to overtake the sliip. But just at the time, their'^infant vas seized witli severe illness, and the attempt was relimiuished. In the fore part of December, they embarked in a brig, bound, as was the Dick, to Trincornalee, and Colombo.

The only communication, which has been received from these young brethren, since their leaving Calcutta, is contained in a letter from Messrs. Winslow and Spaulding, dated Colombo, Feb, 2d.

“We took passage,” they say, “for Ceylon, Nov. lOtli, in a good ship, the Dick of London, and had only to regret the detention of brother Woodward by the sickness of his wife. We left him however, with the assurance, that though in a land of strangers, he was surrounded by sympatliizing friends, and under the care of a kind Providence.

“Our passage was long, hut pleasant. By the kindness of our captain, we were permitted not only to preach on the Sabbath, but to hold meet- ings every evening with the seamen. They generally gave good atten- ticTn: some appeared seriously impressed; and we left the ship with the hope, that two at least were under deep convictions. We made tlie island of Ceylon. 10 days after embarking, and 12 from the time of leaving the river; but it was three days more before we could gain the harbor of Trin- comalee. being carried beyond it at niglit by a very strong current, which exposed us to some <langcr from the rocks on the coast. At Trincoma- lee we were very kindly received by tlie Wesleyan brethren, Messrs. Carver and Stead, who did every thing in their power to assist us.

“We hoped to find some method of direct conveyance from this port to Jaffna; but as the monsoon rendered it impossible to go by water, there was none except through an almost trackless jungle of 131) miles, in the course of wlfich were several rivers to be forded. The journey we concluded to attempt; but on endeavoring to procure palankeens and coolies, we found they could not he obtained for so many travellers. Our passage was paid at Colombo, and the prospect was, that we could find a more ready conveyance there, tlian from any other port on the island. Brother Scudder, however, as his labors seemed] to be peculiarly needed

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at Jaffna, on account of the ill health of our brethren there, concluded to attempt the journey by land. W itli some difficulty the means of con- veyance were found; and we left Trincomalcc alter a stay of three days, while our dear brother and sister were preparing to go through the wilderness.

“On our way to Colombo we touclicd at Galle, a very pleasant port on the southern extremity of the island, and were detained several days. During this time, we were most hospitably entertained, m the tanuly ot a Mr. McKenney, a Wesleyan missionary; and our hearts were cheered by a sight of the good work, whicli he and his colleagues are there carrying on. The schools, which form the glory of the Wesleyan missions here, are at this station very fiourishing, and afford an interesting spectacle.

“We finally reached Colombo, Dec. 2(Uli, rejoicing to see this capital of the country, which is to be our future borne. The Rev. Mr. Chater, who is well known as (he very kind and hospitable friend of our brethren, immediately invited us to his house, till we could make arrangements for

proceeding to Jaffna.” • 1 1 1 1 *u

After mentioning here some circumstances, which unavoidably length- ened their stay at Colombo, and stating, that they were to go thence to Jaffna in company with that very valuable friend of our mission, J. JN.

Mooyart, Esq. they proceed to say;— j *i u

“We are now to start to-morrow. The delay we have regretted, though our situation has been rendered as pleasant as it could be, by the kindness of those around us, especially of Mr. and Mrs. Chater, to whom we are deeply indebted, and to the Wesleyan brethren at ibis station. The other friends of our mission, who reside at this place, have treated us with atten- tion and kindness. . , . *i • 1 j

“We had the pleasure of meeting most of the missionaries on the island;

the Wesleyans holding their annual conference here, and the church missionaries being met on the business of their mission. There were yesterday at our table fifteen missionaries; such a thing as probably never was seen at Colombo before. The church missionaries are regu- . larly with us in the same family. They are most valuable men. —

“Since coming here, we have received many communications from the brethren at Jaflna. They are still afflicted with sickness. Brother Rich- ards is better than it was expected he ever would he but far from having any prospect of final recovery. Brothers Poor and Meigs are both nearly laid Lide by sickness; though they were both better at the date of our last accounts. Brother and sister Scudder arrived in safety to their assistance after a long and dangerous journey He seems to have entered with spirit into the work. You will have learned before this, that the brethren have already seen some fruit of their labor— in the apparent

conversion of several among the natives. ,

“We have to-day heard of the safe arrival of oiir brother and sister Woodward at Trincornalee. Tlie I.ord has afflicted them, since we parted, by the removal of their little son. I' roiii brother and sister Scud- der we hLrd three days ago, that she had become the mother of a fine little girl; and to-day- we have the sad intelligence of its death. We long to see and sympathize with the afilicted parents. • t /r a

In a postscript, bearing date Dec. 23d, the brethren in Jaffna express

their feelings as follows; —

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“As cold water to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country. On tlie firsf Monday in the month, (a joyful day to missionaries,) we went to Nellore, to unite witli our missionary brethren in the observance of the monthly prayer meeting. On our arrival at the mission house in that plate, we found a letter containing the joylul intelligence, that four American missionaries and their wives, destined to Ceylon, had arrived at Calcutta. In regard to some of the important petitions which we were about to offer at the prayer meeting, we could testify to the truth of God’s gracious promise, ‘And it shall come to pass, that before they call I will answer, and while they are yet speaking, I will hear.* The contents ot the preceding letter will give you a better idea of our feelings on this occasion, than any particular description of them. You can readily imagine, in some degree, what effect this intelligence must have had upon our minds, as we entered upon the pleasing solemnities of the day, ^

“In the midst of our services, yea ‘while we were yet speaking, we were interrupted by the receipt of a letter from a kind Wesleyan brother at Trincomalee, informing ns that three of our brethren and sisters had arrived at that place, and that he was making arrangements for some of them to come to Jaffna hy land. This information gave a fresh impulse to our feelings, which were already highly excited. Our missionary breth- ren present were partakers of our joy, and could unite in rendering thanksgiving to God, both on our account, and on account of the mission- ary cause in this district, .

“Though it was the intention of our brethren to come from Trinco- malee to Jaffna by land, they found it to be impracticable. Proper convey- ances could be obtained only for two persons.

“Brother and sister Scudder arrived at Pillipally the l/th instant, to our great joy and comfort. They were the bearers of large packages of letters, which made us (pdte ashamed of the suspicions we had indulged, that our American friends had forgotten us. We arc sorry to say, that a number of letters, referred to in those we have now received, have not reached us; and we fear they are lost. We hope our friends will consider, that the possibility of some of their letters being lost, is no small reason, which should induce them to write to us more Jrcrptcnthj:'

A private letter dated in Feb. states, that Dr. Scudder arrived at the station on the 17lh of Dec. Mr. Woodward early in January, and Messrs. Winslow and Spaulding just before the date of the letter.

It is gratifying to your Committee to state, that in all the places visited by Mes^srs. Winslow and Spaulding, at Trincomalee, at Galle, and at Colombo, they found an unanimous sentiment of high and affectionate esteem and admiration of our missionaries in JalTna, as most laborious, and faithful, and devoted men; and, which cannot he stated without strong and mingled feelings, a general and deep impression, that by their in- creasing^efforts, their constant self-denial, their readiness to spend, and he speiu, in the service, they were fast wearing themselves out; — and that it would be much for the honor of American Christians to afford them a more liberal patronage and more ample aid.

It will be recollected that, (as was mentioned in the Report of iSiy,) soon after our missionaries in Ceylon first entered upon their work, they felt and expressed a strong desire to be furnished, as speedily as possible, with a printing establishment, and means for putting it into vigorous

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operation. The reasons for such a measure appeared to be solid and urgent, and your Committee charged tlicmselves with the care of answer- ing the request. It was hoped, that a printer would go out with the mis- sionaries, who went a year ago; hut that hope was disappointed. A printing press, however, a donation from a most liberal friend to this Board, and to its olqects, having been previously sent by the way of Cal- cutta, a fount of types for English printing, and a supply of paper were added. Types for the Tamul, the native language of the principal popu- lation of that part of Ceylon, and of the neighboring districts of the conti- nent, have been obtained from Calcutta. And your Committee have since had the satisfaction to send out a printer.

Mr. James Garrett, a young man belonging to Utica, N. Y. offered himself for the service, with very ample testimonials, as to his abilities and disposition ami habits — his moral and Christian character — and iiis qualifications for taking charge of a printing establishment; and while he was in Boston, waiting for iiis passage, ho established himself in the affectionate confidence of the Committee. On the (ith of A|yil, he embarked in a vessel bound to Pondicherry. I* rom that place, it is but a short distance to the seat of the mission; at which, it is hoped, he has ere this lime arrived.

It was on the 2d of March, 181G, that Messrs. Richards, Meigs, and Poor, with their wives, and the dearly remembered Mr. Warren, arrived at Colombo in Ceylon, and it was not until the first of the following Octo- ber, now four years ago, that they had all reached Jaffna, the northern district of the island, where the mission was to be established.

Mr. Warren’s course was short and hriglit, and its termination full of immortality. The life of Mr. Richards, so precious in the estimation of all the friends of missions, it has pleased a gracious Providence to lengthen out, beyond our utmost hopes, and to render, in no small degree, consola- tory and helpful to his brethren, under the pressure of multiplied labors and cares and afflictions. It was about sixteen months ago, that Mr. Poor began to be affected with pectoral weakness, and with slight raising of blood. For a considerable time, he was unable to attend to his accustomed labors, and there were serious apprehensions, that he was soon to follow Mr. Warren. But the latest accounts give reason for hope. Of the im- paired health of Mr. Meigs, our first intelligence was what is contained in the extract just given of the letter from Colombo.

In a second' postscript, dated Jan. 10, 18-20, the brethren at the station

“The afflicting hand of our God is still upon us. We are grieved, that we have occasion to say, that about a month ago brother Meigs was visited with a heavy cold and cough. About a week since his complaints became somewhat alarming. He has had a severe affection of the lungs. But from his present state, we have good reasotr to hope, tlmt tim se^onab e and energetic means, which have been used, wd he made effectual o h s restoration to health. The health of brethren Richards and I oor is the same, as it has been for months past. If there he any alteration, we think it is for the better. We have imich reason for thanksgiving that brother

Scudder arrived at the time he did.” _

As the Lord has been gracious, so prayer will continue to be nia

35

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1820.

without ceasing, that he will still be gracious, and spare lives so inestima-

'’'Valrwho have lately been sent out, have duly arrived, and no breach has been made, of which intelligence has not been received, our Ceylon mission now consists of six ordained missionaries, a physician prepaiing also for ordination, their wives, and a printer. It occupies two principal sta“ionrTillipally and liatticotta, and has specially assigned to it six Se parishes, wiih ancient buildings and lands, devoted to religious use aXontaining a dense pagan population. It is advantageously situa ed for communication with the different parts of the island and with a populous province of Southern India, and for extensive and efhcient opera- [ioL: and it has enjoyed, in no slight degree, the confidence of the people

and of the eovernment. . . j

Here of course, as well as at Bombay, the missionaries are under the necessity of devoting labor and time to the acfiuisition of a language, Ling very little affinity with any language, with which they were previ- oLly acquainted. But it was not necessary for them to undertake the tramlatuifr „f the Scriptures; as a good translation into the native 1 amul

liad lonff before been made. , , i • i

In pREAoiiiNr. the missionaries have been constant and laborious; and

their advantages for collecting regular congregations, or asseinblies of hearers, are much better than are enjoyed by their brethren at Bombay, though they do not, in the course of a year, address by any means so great

a multitude of immortal beings. lo.i.

During the three years, from the time of their arrival to the Idth ot Nov last the date of our latest accounts direct from the mission, they, afflicted and weakened as they were, had established fifteen schools; nine in connexion with Tillipally, and six with Batticotta. Ihe total number of reffular pupils was reckoned about 7(H), at tlie last date.

Besides these common free schools, there is at each station, a boarding school, consisting of youths, taken under the especial and parental care of the missionaries, supported by the bounty of benevolent societies and individuals in this country, and bearing names selected by the respective donors. Of these there were, at the tunc now specified, 48 males and

nine females. , ^ . v i- i i •

The accounts of the schools generally, and of the boarding schools in

particular, are exceedingly interesting and encouraging. In all the schools with the common branches of instruction. Scripture tracts are read and the principles of Christianity arc taught. The pupils in general make

good progress in their studies. , , . i

In the last letter, after various statements and remarks on the general

subject, the missionaries proceed to say; , , , , ,

“On the whole, respecting our boarding schools we have much pleas- ure after two years of experience, in assuring the Prudential Committee, that our warmest expectations have thus far been fully realized; that we now experience important advantages, which we did not anticipate; that we do not realize those difficulties and impediments to improvement, which we expected would arise from the circumstance ol our taking the children of idolaters; but, on the contrary, ire eh not sec how we should matcriiiihl alter our plan of instruction, or our course of conduct, tn rase the same number of children, bclongiiiff to Christian parents.

1820.

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275

should he committed to our care. Judging from what

rience and what we may with confidence anticipate, we consider our

boarding schools as bolding the second place in

which aL to be used for the conversion of “"jf-

to the stated preaching of the gospel. \ou dear . , Chris- '

mate the probable advantages to the cause of ^ which

tian education of 50 youths, on heathen groun.l in Ou^

almost enlirelv free them from the banelul mtluence of y

boarding schools are giving shape to all the

our station. The progress which ovir boys la Several boys of

thTSVamilSarlnd"^^

..VieCbcU V. bdo,, .h.

American churches We wish them to know and attentively o consider,

t1.r;Liliar Tdirntages, with which the state of this people furnishes

them for the exercise of their charity. novertv we are

“In the first place, this is a very poor people. To their poverty we are

have been brought within the sound of the gospe . j i.p made

‘Trobablv in no part of the heathen world, can children be Bupported ture three years ago; viz. ^ . Though we labored a

the subject, by our present f one of the strong

“The facility of supporting chd ren American public.

claims, which this people have 'T preLintr requests to establish

Within a short tune, we have had hve or sjM’ressn

free schools in the neighboring vi are prepared, is

monthly expense of such schools, alt ^ i |„ and they might easily

from $l,50‘to $2. We have now lo S frL other

be greatly multiplied. . ‘'j , ^nd establish themselves among

parishes, that missionaries would come anu

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REPORT.

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the people, as we have done at Tillipally and Batticotta. And we may say generally, that our inlluence and missionary operations, which were at first feared and dreaded, are now welcomed l)y many, and sought after by some.

“We have now more health and strength, than in months past. We have, in some degree, got through vvifli the pressure and expense of huild- in<r, and the drudgery of learning a new language. We might therefore, superintend a few more schools, take more cliildren, and in other respects enlarge our missionary plans. But we dare not furtiier hazard the conse- quences of involving tlic mission in dcl)t. We look to America with great anxiety for adequate sup])lics. We wish to tell you more distinctly how much our licarts are pained within us, on witnessing the forlorn state of many children around us. More tlian 20, priticipally orphans, niany of whom appear to he in a starving conditioti, have appeared at our doors, intreating, oftentimes with tears, that we woidd receive them to our board- ing school; but whom we have been compelled to reject, for the want of means to support them. Thus, these miserable objects are cast back again upon the world, some [)robahly to perish in the streets; others to drag out a lor)g and miseral)le existence in poverty; and all to live in the darkness of idolatry till they go down to the regions of death. It is an awfully interesting inquiry with us, to know in wliose skirts the blood of these souls will be found.”

These impressive and affecting representations will not have been made in vain. As, since the writing of this letter, the mission has re- ceived a large augmentation, it will be able to take under its care a proportionahly large number of general schools, and of youths in their families or boarding schools.

Not only have these missionaries been thus encouraged by the facili- ties given to their operations, and the general success which has attended them; but they have also been favored with more special tokens of the divine presence and manifestations of divine grace. Mention has been made, in preceding reports, of several individuals, who appeared to be subjects of abiding religious impressions. Of two, Snpyen and Francis- cus Maleappa, more particular accounts have been given. With respect to Supyen no later intelligence has been received. Maleappa, who had been a valuable helper at Tillipally, and was afterwards, in connection with that station, placed as a scho{)imaster and catechist at Maliagum, — who was strongly attached to the mission, and was expected to abide as a permanent assistant, felt it to be his duty, about sixteen months ago, to leave the mission for the purpose of accompanying his aged and irifirm father to Colombo; and his return was considered as uncertain.

Very interesting accounts have since been given of otlier individuals.

“Since the date of our Inst letter,” say the missionaries in their letter of November IBth, “we have received to our communion Gabriel Tissera and Nicholas Pararnanundu, who have served us it) the mission as inter- preters. Tliey appear to us to give tlecisive evidence of saving conver- sion, and to manifest a becoming zeal for the Iionor of Clirist, and for the salvation of the heathen. By their being thus closely united with us, at this time, we feel much strengthened and encouraged in our work. They are now valuable assistants to us, and we have reason to believe, that they will render important service to our mission, and become lasting blessings to the heathen.

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277

“At each of our stations are several persons, who give pleasing evi- dences of faith in Christ, and w'ill probably ere long, be admitted to our church. Two of the persons, here referred to, are members of our boarding schools. We notice also, with much pleasure, that there is an unusual degree of seriousness upon the minds of several other boys, who are under our instruction. We feel that we are, at this time, in a special manner, called npon by the providence of God towards us, to humble ourselves before him, on account of our past deficiencies in his service, and to redouble our diligence in the use of the means of grace, that we may be prepared to experience, what we would ever consider the greatest of all blessings; viz. a special outpouring of the Holy Spirit. We do hope, that the American churches, especially on the first Monday in the month, unite their supplications with ours for such manifestations of di- vine grace among this heathen people.”

In a letter ten days later, Mr. Meigs says:

“Inclosed I send you a letter from Gabriel Tissera, of whose character and qualifications to assist in our mission, you will by this time have con- siderable knowledge.

“He is a young man of distinguished promise. Since he has become liopefully pious, we regard him with new and increased Httachment; and think his connection with our mission of very great importance. He possesses talents of a superior order, and an ardent thirst for knowledge; and, so far as we can judge, possesses sincere piety. He is now well qualified to act as a catechist among the people; and, at no very distant period, he will probably be well qualified for ordination. He shows a strong desire to be permanently connected with our mission; and we are certainly no less desirous of such an event. He manifests a fervent love for the souls of this miserable people; and I have strong faith to ^believe that he will be made, by the blessing of God, an instrument in the conversion of many souls. Indeed his labors have already been attended with the divine blessing.”

The letter here referred to has been given to the public, and has pro- bably been read by the members of the Board. It speaks much for the praise of divine grace, and much for hope respecting this interesting young man and his future usefulness.

Mission to Palestine. — At the delivery of our last annual Report, the Rev. Messrs. Parsons and Fisk were in expectation of embarking, by the first convenient ojiportunity, for Asia Minor, with a view to their ultimate residence as missionaries in the Holy Land, or some neighbor- ing region. A very favorable opportunity soon after presented itself, and active preparations were made to embrace it. The missionaries ar- ranged their affairs, visited their near relatives and friends, took leave of many circles of Christians with whom they were actiuainted; and arrived at Boston, ready for departure, about the close of October. The short interval which elapsed, previously to their sailing, was employed in a manner most gratifying to the friends of the cause in which they were engaged, and most auspicious to the mission.

On Lord’s day, Oct 31st, at the return of the communion in tlie Old South church, the two missionaries, and the members of Park Street church, with several clergymen, were present by invitation. While sur-

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1820.

rounding the table of the Lord, the exhortations, the prayers, and the numherfess associations, were calculated to increase that zeal and self- denial, which arc peculiarly necessary to the prosecution of this divine work.* In the afternoon of the same day, Mr. Larsons preached in Park Street church, from Jlosea iii, 1, on l!ie Dcrfiirfton and Restoration of the. Jnvs; and, in the evening, Mr. Fisk delivered a farewell dis- course from Ads xx, 22, on the JTohf Land as a field for missionary enterprise. On this occasion, the Old South church was excessively crowded, and a highly respectable audience testified their interest in the subject, by the profoundest attention, and a liberal contribution. The Instructions of the Prudential Committee were then delivered in public. They relate principally to topics, whicli belong especially to the contem- plated mission; and, as they have been printed, and extensively circulat- ed, your Committee need only refer the Board to them.

V)n Monday evening, tlie united monthly concert for prayer was held at Park Street church. As the collections at this meeting, for the preced- ing twelve months, had been made expressly for the Palestine mission, it was peculiarly grateful to join with the first missionaries, in prayer and exhortation, just before their departure.

Having been detained a few days by head winds, and thus allowed a convenient season to take leave of their brethren, they embarked on board the ship Sally Ann, Wednesday morning, Nov. Brd, and soon bade adieu to the shores of their native country. It was a part of the plan, that, as the ship was about to touch at Malta, they should seek acquaintance with the Rev. Mr. Jowett, Dr. Naudi, and others, with a view to cultivate a brotherly intercourse, and to obtain useful information. They entered the harbor of Malta, after a favorable passage, on the 23rd of December. Though the rigid quarantine laws of that island would not permit them to land, they had the happiness to meet Mr. Jowett and Dr. Naudi, at the Lazaretto, and to be introduced to the Rev. Mr. Wilson, a missionary, and Mr. Jones, who had been American consul at Tripoli, where he had resided seven years. From these gentlemen they received much valuable information, and proofs of the kindest and most benevolent inter- est in their mission. They were favored, also, with letters of introduction to persons of intelligence and influence, at Smyrna and Scio. Mr. Jowett was at the pains to draw up a paper of hintSy for the use of our missiona- ries; and has shown his love to the cause, and his hearty and zealous cooperation with all faithful laborers, by an excellent letter addressed to the Corresponding Secretary of the Board. This laborious missionary, whose travels in Egypt and Western Asia have been read with eagerness by the Christian world, not only received Messrs. Parsons and Fisk kindly, but, in common with his associates, was at personal inconvenience^ and expense to meet them almost daily, while they remained in the hatbor. This generous attention had the most cheering effect on the minds of those, to whom it was shown, and will make a grateful impression on the hearts of American Christians.

On the Bth of .lanuary the ship pursued her voyage, and in six days entered the harbor of Smyrna. The missionaries were received with cordiality by all the gentlemen, to whom they had letters of introduction; particularly, by the Rev. Charles Williamson, chaplain to the British

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279

consulate, Mr. Lee and the Messrs. Perkinses, eminent merchants in that city.

During the voyage, religious services were regularly attended on hoard, according to the arrangement and at the request of Capt. Edes, from whom the missionaries received many acts of kindness on their passage, and after their arrival. They labored with assiduity for the spiritual good of the ship’s company, and were encouraged to hope, that their exertions were not withovit some good effect. Tliey appear to have been deeply impressed with the moral wants of seamen, and to have ardently desired the salvation of all, who sailed with them.

At Smyrna they found the most satisfactory evidence, that the shores of the Mediterranean present many extensive fields of missionary labor. By the aid of Christians in more favored parts of the world, missionaries may carry the Scriptures and religions tracts into every town and village throughout those benighted regions. There are many professed Christians, to whom immediate access can be gained, and who would receive religious books with gladness. Christian missionaries may reside in any part of Turkey, so far as appears, without the least apprehension of interfi rence from the government. Numerous and powerful inducements urge to send forth laborers into this part of the harvest.

The acquisition of the Modern Greek, and other languages spoken in Asia Minor, principally occupied the time of Messrs. Parsons and Fisk. They found opportunity, however, to collect useful information with res- pect to the condition of the people in neighboring regions, and the various means which could be used, for the promotion of religion. They distri- buted the Scriptures to various classes of persons, and gave occasional instruction to individuals, who fell into their private society. At the close of a journal, which they sent to this country on the 10th of March, they announce the intention of spending the summer at Scio, (the Chios of the New Testament,) an island 70 miles from Smyrna. Their expectation was, that they should possess superior advantages for acquiring the Modern Greek, under Professor Bamhas, the principal instructor of the college there, to whom they had letters from Mr. Jowett, and other gentle- men of high respectability.

On the first inonday in February, the Rev. Mr. Williamson united with the missionaries in thenionthly concert of prayer. This was probably the commencement in Turkey of a holy celebration, which will, at some future day, be observed in every village of that populous and extensive empire. The gentleman just named addressed to tlie Secretary an interest- ing and affectionate letter, from which it will be suitable to lay before the Board the following extracts.

Feb. 1820.

“Rev. and dear str, — Although our friends, the missionaries, have acquainted you with their safe arriv al in Smyrna, yet I would wish to join in the annunciation of the fact.”

“1 would first ffreet you and every nirinlicr of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. Accept of my most cordial saluta- tions, and Christian congratulations, on the happy commencement of an enterprise, which must, in due time, terminate in the cornpletest success — in the conversion of the heathen and reformation of the Christian

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REPORT.

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world. Every attention has been, and shall be paid to Messrs. Parsons and Fisk, and to all their successors, who will come as the messengers of llie Lord, as far as tny abilities and inlluencc will possibly avail.”

“Witliin the last fifty years, literature is beginning to peep out among the Greeks from her hiding places in Turkey. Some of the bestinformed are actpiaintcd with the history of the Relbrmation, and will grant that Luther was a great man, sent for the benefit of the human race, though they are far at present from desiring a like reformation. Luther and those other reformers, who did not condemn and sweep away episcopal superintendence, are respected by a few of the Greeks, though the major- ity will have nothing to do with reformation, and know nothing about it. Pesides the Christians ail around the shores of the Mediterranean, those of Egypt, Abyssinia, Arabia, Syria, Persia, Asia Minor, Russia, and Turkey in Europe, of whatever denomination they may be, all have their own episcopal magistrates in ecclesiastical affairs; and each party has fixed laws for clergy and laity, of which the violation of the most trifling these ignorant people consider as more heinous, than of the most important law of the state.

“The sale and distribution of the Holy Scriptures and religious tracts, have been hidicrlo the only missionary operations carried on in this coun- try. A missionary visiting the different towns must endeavor, not only to make the accjuaintance, but to gain the confidence of the leading men and priests of the Greeks. With the assistance of his new friends, the missionary may be al)Ie to distribute many copies of the everlasting Word, in a language intelligible to the people, a blessing of which those regions have been deprived for some hundreds of years. Next to the countenance of the Greeks, religious tracts, compiled from the first fathers of the Chris- tian church, will he of the greatest service to missionaries. The Greeks highly esteem and venerate the ancient martyrs. Their writings are looked upon as oracles; hut they are very scarce, and unintelligible to the people, as they stand in ancient Greek. In case of opposition, which sometimes happens, and of a deadly indifference, which generally pre- vails, tracts will be of the greatest utility in bringing forward the fathers to allay opposition, and to recommend the duty of perusing the Scrip- tures, as well as to awaken a spirit of piety, and of inquiry after Gospel truth.”

“Two other important parts of missionary labor remain to be entered upon. The first is Education; — the other a translation, not of the Scrip- tures, for that is accomplished, hut of all other good religious books and tracts. The printing of a religious monthly publication in Modern Greek, not olTending the institutions of the country, is of primary importance, and would be, in the hands ol' prudent conductors, of incalculable service. The extensive fields of education are not, to foreign Protestant missiona- ries, so easily and completely accessible, as the rich and most abundant streams of a fount of types, which would ere long, silently water every portion of the field sowed with tlie word of God; and, with the divine blessing, would render luxuriant and plentiful the Christian harvest.”

Tlie writer proceeds to offer several suggestions, in regard to the best methods of extending the knowledge of Christianity in the Turkish em- pire. He dwells on the vast good, which could probably be effected by a printing establishment, with Greek, Turkish, and French types, (the latter

1820.

REPORT.

281

comprehending the general European alphabet,) at Smyrna; and another at Jerusalem, with Greek, Syriac, and Arabic characters. In the most unqualified manner he sanctions the opinion, which the Committee formed originally, that ‘Smyrna is by far tlie best situation in the Levant for a permanent missionary establishment, on the eastern shores of the Mediter- ranean, having a frequent comnuinication with all the parts of the Ottoman ^pire; and that it is the best place in those regions for learning Greek, Turkish, Italian, and French, and for the security and liberty, which foreigners and Christians enjoy.’ The advantages of an extensive print- ing establishment may be conceived, when it is stated, that though the Greeks are very fond of reading, there is not a single newspaper, or other periodical publication, in all the lurkisli dominions. There is little reason to doubt, that the shores of the Mediterranean aiford many of the best openings to Christian enterprise; and it surely is not too much to anticipate, that the churches of this country will delight to send hack to those central parts of the earth, the inestimable blessings, which were derived irom thence, but whicli have, in the righteous visitations of Provi- dence, been so long banished from the countries, where they were first enjoyed.

Mission among the cherokeks. — With this mission not only the Board, but the Christian community extensively, have become familiarly acquainted. It is near; seemingly even in the midst of us; has inter- course with all parts of the country; is established in tlie affections and confidence of all, who \yish well to the long neglected natives of the wil- derness; and, from various causes, has engaged general attention, and inspired elevated hope. May it please the Fatlier of Lights, that it may continue to be worthy of all these kind regards, and never disappoint its patrons and friends.^

The company consisting of Messrs. Abijah Conger, John Vail, and John Talmage, with their families, designed for the Cherokee mis- sion; and the Rev. Alfred Finney, with his wife, and Miss Minerva Washburn, an unmarried female assistant, for the Arkansas mission; described in the Report of last year, as having then, as was supposed, just set out from Rockaway, N. J., arrived at Crainerd, on the lOtb of November.

Their setting out was delayed by a heavy visitation of Providence. An epidemic prevailed at Rockaway, by which the families of Mr. Vail and Mr. Talmage were visited severely. Two sons of Mr. Vail were buried in one grave; and another, after the company had been detained about three weeks, the bereaved parents were constrained to leave behind, as too feeble to bear the journey. The affliction was deeply felt by them all; but appears to have been made, by divine grace, a means of promot- ing in them the feelings, suitable for all Christians, and especially for those who are devoted to the missionary work.

They left their houses and their kindred and friends, with tender cheerfulness; went on their way rejoicing; and from Rockaway to Brain- erd, a distance of more than nine hundred miles, had a prosperous jour- ney, of only about six weeks. On their arrival, the hearts of the breth- ren and sisters of the mission, burdened as they had been with contin- naily increasing labors and cares, were filled with gladness and thankful- 36

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