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° OF

NATIVE PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS.

—o—

AVWV ORL DS FAIR COLLECTION:

OWNED AND EXHIBITED

BY

J. WARREN JACOBS, WAYNESBURG, PENN A.

fy ay :

S/o y
GAR ES
ee no
WAYNESBURG, PA.

INDEPENDENT JOB DEPARTMENT.
1895.

Antrostomus vociferus.— W hip-poor-will.
Selected from a series of twenty-five sets.

Butes borealis—Red-tailed Hawk.
Selected from a series of fifty sets.

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Helmithereis vermivorus Geothlypis formosa He’minthephila chrusoptera.
Worm-eating Warbler. Kentucky Warbler. Golden-winged Warbler,

Nest and Eggs of Ruby-throated Hummingbird.
Selected from a series of forty sets.

INTRODUCTION.

ver since the closing of the Great World’s Fair it has been
my desire to place in the hands of my ornithological breth-
ren and naturalists generally, a catalogue of Pennsylvania’s

exhibit of bird’s eggs, and after a delay of many
months I have compiled this little pamphlet as a memento of the
Great Exposition and at the same time give to my friends a cor-
rect idea of the extent of the collection, and how it was arranged
for exhibition.

In preparing the manuscript for these pages I have made no
pretensions of fully detailing the physical features of the state
of Pennsylvania, nor of outlining, definitely, the various life
zones which effect the distribution of our birds. Upon these
subjects I have only touched briefly, leaving the extended de-
scriptions for the more comprehensive works on bird distribu-
tion of this region.

For many courtesies favoring the selection of this collection
to represent the Avifauna of the Keystone State, bringing itso
prominently before the World’s sight seers at Chicago, | am in-
debted to Dr. B. H. Warren, State Ornithologist, West Chester,
Penna., who was most active in securing the collection for the
use of the state, A. B. Farquhar, Executive Commissioner, John
A. Woodward, Deputy Executive Commissioner of the Pennsyl-
vania Board of World’s Fair Managers, J. B. Richards, traveling
agent of the Board, who visited me and inspected the collection
prior to the final arrangements and shipment to Chicago. Also
Mrs. J. F. Temple, Mrs. W.G. Scott and Mrs Elizabeth Crawford,
local lady commissioners of Greene County.

The platesare produced from original photographs of groups
of eggs in this collection and are accompanied by proper ex-
planations.

Waynesburg, Pa.,
Dec. 26, 1895. J. WARREN JACOBS.

+

Oggs of Jfative Pennsylvania Birds.

—_1— <= >—__o- _—

The favorable situation of the state of Pennsylvania for native
and transient bird life becomes apparent when we study the topo-
graphy and climatic conditions of the territory.The Appalachian
Mountain System,here attains its greatest altitude, forming as it
does,’a great central back bone through which the numerous
tributaries of the Delaware and Susquehanna Rivers cut their
winding courses. On the southeastern side cf the mountains the
land falls rapidly to a general slope toward the sea, while on the
west and northwest the sloping land draws gradually to the
Mississippi Valley and the Great Lakes’ Basin. The tributaries
of the Ohio river penetrate and have their sources in the west-
ern slope.

Being close to the seaboard, a great thoroughfare of bird mi-
gration, the eastern section of the state is visited by many wan-
dering seabirds. The mountainous section opens a highway for
the more hardy northern species, while the western portion lies
in the Mississippi Valley, that unparalleled passage for the mi-
grating forces. Being in proximity to the Great Lakes the north-
western part is visited by inland seabirds, straggling from their
breeding grounds in various sections of the region drained by
the lakes.

When winter loosens his hold and the warm balmy days fore-
tell the approach of spring, the hills and valleys ring with music
as birds arrive from their southern haunts to mingle during the
summer with their more hardy relatives who have withstood the
severity of the cold. This is a season of great activity in bird
life. Many of our winter residents leaving for their nesting
grounds in the far north,accompanied by great waves of transi-
ents who tarry with us a few days to feed and rest.

As the season advances the great bird stir becomes quiet, and
we find ourselves surrounded by numberless birds that are set-
tling down in favorite haunts for their summer homes. These
are our native birds, and ineludes not only migratory species but
many varieties which remain with us the year round.

Of the various Life Zones which govern the distribution of
the native birds of eastern North America, three extend through

5

or over a portion of our-state. 1st. The Carolinian Zone, lying
mainly south of us, occupies a large section of the southeastern
and southwestern parts of the state, and is characterized by an
abundance of such birds as Tufted Tit, Cardinal, Acadian Fly -
catcher, Worm-eating Warbler, Yellow-breasted Chat, Louisiana
Water-Thrush, Kentucky Warbler, Carolina Wren and Blue-gray
Gnateatcher. 2nd. The Alleghanian Zone, which meets the
Carolinian belt in the lower foot hills on the east and west oc-
cupies the whole of the Appalachian Mountains—except some
of the higher peaks and ranges—and spreads over perhaps two-
fifths of the state, including several counties lying west of the
mountains. Some of the characteristic birds of this belt: are
Black-capped Chickadee, Wilson’s Thrush, Chestnut-sided War-
bler and Rose-breasted Grosbeak. 3rd. Some of the high moun-
tain ranges and most of the northern counties lie in the Cana-
dian Zone and is the home of many birds characteristic of a more
northern latitude. Among them may be mentioned Blackburn-
ian Warbler, White-throated Sparrow, Winter Wren and Olive-
backed Thrush.

About one hundred and sixty species and subspecies of
birds have been known to breed within the boundaries of Penn-
sylvania, and of this number the collection under consideration
embraces one hundred and forty varieties. These were carefully
selected from a large collection of series of sets of the various
species, and with the exception of the Birds of Prey, sets con-
taining as nearly as possible, the common type specimens were
used. In the selection of eggs of the Birds of Prey the largest
and handsomest sets were taken. Only one set of each species
was shown, as the space allotted to the exhibit would not per-
mit of a large collection showing the variations to which the
eggs of many species is subject.

The collection was exhibited in connection with Dr. B. H.
Warren’s collection of birds and mammals of Pennsylvania, and
was located in the eastern gallery of the Anthropological Build-
ing. Three cases, each eight feet long, were occupied by the
eggs which were labeled and arranged according to the classifi-
cation adopted by the American Ornithologists’ Union.

The *Catalogue of the Exhibits of the State of Pennsylvania
devotes several pages to this combination display, and in addi-
tion to a list of the species represented, says on page 164 under
the head of Miscellaneous State Exhibits.

*Catalogue | of the | Exhibits | of the| State of Pennsylvania! and of |
Pennsylvanians | at the World’s Columbian Exposition | Prepared under the
Direction of A. B. Farquhar| Executive Commissioner | Illustrated| pp. 218,
July, 1893. Clarence M. Busch, State Printer of Pennsylvania.

6

“In the Anthropological Building, a collection of birds and
mammals collected and mounted by Dr. B. H. Warren, State
Ornithologist, West Chester, and of birds’ eggs collected and
arranged by J. Warren Jacobs, Waynesburg, Pa. Probably no
similar exhibit on the grounds elicits so much attention and com-
mendation as this. It is located centrally in the eastern gallery
of the Anthropological Building. The scientific character and
educational value of this collection is greatly enhanced by the
attractive and realistic manner in which it is mounted.”’

The following is a complete list of the collection, arranged
according to the new *A. O. U. Check-List of North American
Birds, and in addition to the number of eggs contained in the sets
gives the dates on which they were taken:

Podilymbus podiceps. PIED-BILLED GREBE.—6 eggs;
Date, May 18, 1886.

Botaurus lentiginosus. AMERICAN BITTERN. 4 eggs; May
2, 1893.

Ardetta exilis. LEAST BITTERN.—3 eggs; May 29, 1887.
Ardea herodias. GREAT BLUE HERoN.—5 eggs, May 15,
1892.
Ardea egretta. AMERICAN EGRET.—3 eggs; 1890.
Ardea candidissima. SNowy HERON.—4 eggs; 1885.

Ardea tricolor ruficollis. LOUISIANA HERON.—3 eggs;
May 29, 1888.

Ardea cerulea. LITTLE BLUE HERON.—4 eggs; April 18,
1895.

Ardea virescens. GREEN HERON.—5 eggs; May 27, 1891.

Nycticorax nycticorax naevius. BLACK-CROWNED NIGHT
HERON.—4 eggs. May 30, 1885.

Nycticorax violaceus. YELLOW-CROWNED NIGHT HERON.
—8 eggs; May 17, 1891.

Rallus elegans. KING RAIL.—8 eggs. May 19, 1886.

Rallus virginianus. VIRGINIA RaIL.—10 eggs. June 14,
1888.

Pozana carolina. SORA.—11 eggs; May 29, 1889.

Gallinula galeata. FLORIDA GALLINULE.—12 eggs; May
12, 1886.

Fulica americana. AMERICAN CooT.—i0 eggs; June 25,
1889.

Philohela minor. AMERICAN WoopcocKk.—4 eggs; April
10, 1893.

Bartramia longicauda. BARTRAMIAN SANDPIPER.—4 eggs;
June 7, 1890.

“Check List |of | Nerth American Birds! prepared by a committee | of
the | American Ornithologists’ Union | second and revised edition | Zoological
Nomenclature is a means,not an end,of Zoological Science | New York | Ameri-
can Ornithologists’ Union | 1895.

7

Actitis macularia. SPOTTED SANDPIPER.—4 eggs; May 17,
1888.
4fgialitis vocifera. KILLDEER.—3 eggs; June 1, 1891.

Colinus virginianus. BOB-WHITE.—18 eggs; July 15, 1888.

Bonasa umbellus. RUFFED GROUSE.—11 eggs; May 5,1888.

Tympanuchus americanus. PRAIRIE HEN.—9 eggs; May
7, 1888.

Ectopistes migratorius. PASSENGER PIGEON.—2 eggs;
June 3, 1886.

Zenaidura macroura. MOURNING DovE.—2 eggs; April
16, 1888.

Cathartes aura. TURKEY VULTURE.—2 eggs; April 22,1887.
Accipiter velox. SHARP-SHINNED HAWK.—2 eggs; May
21, 1892.
Accipiter cooperii. COOPER’s HAWK.—4 eggs; May 7, 1892.
Buteo borealis. RED-TAILED HAWK.—3 eggs; April 10, 1887.
ne peso Bapatue. RED-SHOULDERED HAWK.—3 eggs; April
Buteo latissimus. BROAD-WINGED HAWK.—2 eggs; 1892.

Halizetus leucocephalus. BALD EAGLE.—2 eggs; March,

Falco sparverius. AMERICAN SPARROW HAwkK.—4 eggs;
May 1, 1892.

Pandion haliaetus carolinensis. AMERICAN OSPREY.—3
eggs; May 24, 1887.

Strix pratincola. AMERICAN BARN OwL.—4 eggs; April
14, 1889.

Asio wilsonianus. AMERICAN LONG-EARED OwL.—4 eggs;
March 28, 1891.

Syrnium nebulosum. BARRED OWL.—2 eggs; March 30,1892.

Magascops asio. SCREECH OWL.—6 eggs; April 30, 1892.

Bubo virginianus. GREAT HORNED OWwL.—2 eggs; Feb-
ruary 15, 1891.

Coccyzus americanus. YELLOW-BILLED CucKoo.4 eggs;
August 31, 1890.

Coccyzus erythrophthalmus. BLACK-BILLED CucKO0O.—2
eggs; July 6, 1892.

Ceryle aleyon. BELTED KINGFISHER.—7 eggs; May 15,1887.

Dryobates villosus. HAIRY WOODPECKER.—3 eggs; May
16, 1887.

Dryobates pubescens. DOWNY WOoOODPECKER.—6 egg's;
May 5, 1889.

Sphyrapicus varius. YELLOW-BELLIED SAPSUCKER.—4
eggs; May 26, 1886.

Ceophleeus pileatus. PILEATED WOODPECKER.—3 eggs;
May 21, 1887.

Melanerpes erythrocephalus. RED-HEADED WOODPECKER.
—4 eggs; June 6, 1891.

8

Melanerpes carolinus. RED-BELLIED WOODPECKER.—6

eggs.
Colaptes auratus. FLICKER.—9 eggs; May 19, 1892.

-Antrostomus vociferus. WHIP-POOR-WILL.—2 eggs; May
23, 1889.

Chordeiles virginianus. NIGHTHAWK.—2 eggs; 1891.
Cheetura pelagica. CHIMNEY SwIFrT.—4 eggs, 1892.

Trochilus colubris. RUBY-THROATED HUMMINGBIRD.—2
eggs and nest; June 3, 1889.

Tyrannus tyrannus. KINGBIRD.—3 eggs; May 15, 1888.

Myiarchus crinitus. CRESTED FLYCATCHER.—4 eggs; June
18, 1888.

Sayornis phoebe. PH@BE.—5 eggs; May 29, 1889.
Contopus virens. WooD PEWEE.—3 eggs; June 10, 1891.
Empidonax virescens. GREEN-CRESTED FLYCATCHER.—4
eggs; May 29, 1887.
2 Apidos minimus. LEAST FLYCATCHER.—4 eggs; June
A l

Otocoris alphestris praticola. PRAIRIE HORNED LARK.—
4 eggs; 1888.

Cyanocitta christata. BLUE JAY.—d eggs; April 24, 1886.

Corvus americanus. AMERICAN CRow.—6 eggs; April 15,
1888

Corvus assifragus. FIsH Crow.—5 eggs; April 19.
Dolichonyx oryzivorus. BoBOLINK.—6 eggs; July 4, 1886.
Molothrus ater. COWBIRD.—3 eggs; May 19, 1892.

Agelaius phosniceus. RED-WINGED BLACKBIRD.—5 eggs;
May 15, 1891.

Sturneila magna. MEADOWLARK.—5 eggs; May 15, 1888.

Icterus spurius. ORCHARD ORIOLE.—5d eggs; May 29, 1892.
Icterus galbula. BALTIMORE ORIOLE.—6 eggs; May 20,1887.
Quiscalus quiscula. PURPLE GRACKLE.—6 eggs; April 29,

Quiscalus quiscula zeneus.—d eggs; May 16, 1886.
Carpodacus purpureus. PURPLE FINCH.—5 eggs; May 27,

Spinus tristis. AMERICAN GOLDFINCH.—6 eggs; August 1,

Poocetes gramineus. VESPER SPARROW.—4 eggs; May
21, 1892.

Ammodramus sandwichensis savanna. SAVANNA SPAR-
ROW.—4 eggs; June 3, 1888.

Ammodramus savannarum passerinus. GRASSHOPPER
SPARROW.—3 eggs; June 8, 1887.

Chondestes grammacus. LARK SPARROW.—5 eggs; May
11, 1887.

Zonotrichia albicollis. WHITE-THROATED SPARROW.—4
eggs; June, 1888.

Spizella socialis.. CHIPPING SPARROW.—4 eggs; May 30,
1890.

9

Spizella pusilla. FIELD SPpARROW.—4 eggs; May 16, 1888.

Junco hyemalis carolinensis. CAROLINA JUNCO.—3 eggs;
May 21, 1892.

Melospiza fasciata. SONG SPARROW.—5 eggs; May 3, 1892.
Melospiza georgiana. SWAMP SPARROW.—5d eggs; May 11,

Pipilo erythrophthalmus, TowHEE.—4 eggs; June 19,1888.
Cardinalis cardinalis. CARDINAL.—4 eggs; May 24, 1889.

Habia ludoviciana. ROSE-BREASTED GROSBEAK.—4 eggs;
June 3, 1887.

Guiraca czerulea. BLUE GROSBEAK.—3 eggs; May 27, 1885.
Passerina cyanea. INDIGO BUNTING.—4 eggs; July 11, 1891.
Spiza americana. DICKCISSEL.—5 eggs; June 11, 1887.

Piranga erythromelas. SCARLET TANAGER.—4 eggs; May
23, 1891.

Piranga rubra. SUMMER TANAGER.—3 eggs; May 24, 1887.
Progne subis. PURPLE MARTIN._4 eggs; June 6, 1891.

Petrochelidon lunifrons. CLIFF SWALLOw.—4 eggs; July
8, 1892.

Chelidon erythrogaster. BARN SWALLOW.—5 eggs; May
30, 1890.

Tachycineta bicolor. TREE SwALLow.—6 eggs; May 22,
1889.

Clivicola riparia. BANK SwALLOw.—7 eggs; May 27, 1890.

Stelgidopteryx serripenis. RoUGH-WINGED SwALLOw.—
5 eggs; May 3, 1886.

Ampelis cedrorum. CEDAR WAXxWING.—5 eggs; July 19,
1891.

Lanius ludovicianus. LOGGERHEAD SHRIKE.—6 eggs; May
17, 1887.

Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides. WHITE-RUMPED
SHRIKE.—6 eggs; June 3, 1887.

Vireo olivaceus. RED-EYED VIREO.—4 eggs; May 28, 1889.
Vireo gilvus. WARBLING VIREO.—4 eggs; May 31, 1888.

Vireo flavifrons. YELLOW-THROATED VIREO.—3 eggs; June
16, 1888.

Vireo noveboracensis. WHITE-EYED VIREO.—4 eggs; May
28, 1889.

Mniotilta varia. BLACK AND WHITE WARBLER.—2 eggs.

Protonotaria citrea. PROTHONOTARY WARBLER.—6 eggs;
May 27, 1887.

Helmitherus vermivorus. WORM-EATING WARBLER.—4
eggs; May 24, 1893.

Helminthophila chrysoptera. GOLDEN-WINGED WARBLER.
—3 eggs; May 27, 1891.

Compsothlypis americana. PARULA WARBLER.—5 eggs;
June 9.

Dendroica zestiva. YELLOW WARBLER.—5 eggs; May 19,
1891.

10

Dendroica czerulescens. BLACK-THOATED BLUE WARBLER.
—4 eggs; June 3, 1889.

Dendroica pensylvanica. CHESTNUT-SIDED WARBLER.—
4 eggs; June 17, 1888.

Dendroica discolor. PRAIRIE WARBLER.—5 eggs; June 6.

Seiurus aurocapillus. OVENBIRD.—5 eggs; June, 3, 1888.

Seiurus motacilla. LOUISIANA WATER-THRUSH.—5 eggs;
May 7, 1892. :

Geothlypis formosa. KENTUCKY WARBLER.—4 eggs; June
10, 1888. f :

Geothlypis trichas. MARYLAND YELLOW-THROAT.—4 eggs;
May 26, 1888.

Icteria virens. YELLOW-BREASTED CHAT.—4 eggs; May
29, 1892.

Sylvania mitrata. HOODED WARBLER.—5 eggs; June 6,1891.

Setophaga ruticilla. AMERICAN REDSTART.—4 eggs; May
23, 1891. :

Minus polyglottos. MOoOCKINGBIRD.—4 eggs; June 18, 1887.

Galeoscoptes carolinensis. CATBIRD.—4 eggs; May 15,1887.

Harporhynchus rufus. BROWN THRASHER.—4 eggs; May
19, 1889.

Thryothorus ludovicianus.t CAROLINA WREN.—5 eggs;
May 7, 1887.

Thryothorus bewichii. BEWICK’s WREN.—7 eggs; April
29, 1892.

Troglodytes aedon. HOUSE WREN.—6 eggs; June 38, 1891.

Cistothorus palustris. LoNG-BILLED MARSH WREN.—6
eggs; June 1, 1887.

Sitta carolinensis. WHITE-BREASTED NUTHATCH.—8 eggs;
May 7, 1887.

Parus bicolor. TUFTED TITMOUSE.—8 eggs; May 12, 1892.

Parus atricapillus. CHICKADEE.—7 eggs; May 4, 1888.

Parus carolinensis. CAROLINA CHICKADER.—6 eggs; April
29, 1887.

Polioptila czerulea. BLUE-GRAY GNATCATCHER.—5 eggs;
May 19, 1889.

Turdus mustelinus. Woop THRUSH.—5 eggs; May 31, 1891.

Turdus fuscescens. WILSON’s THRUSH.—4 eggs; May 30,1887.

Turdus ustulatus swiansonii. OLIVE-BACKED THRUSH.—
4 eggs; June 25, 1892.

Turdus aonalaschke pallasii. HrERMir THRUSH.4 eggs;
July 24, 1888.

Merula migratoria. AMERICAN ROBIN.—4 eggs; May 4, 1890.

Sialia silisa. BLUEBIRD.—6 eggs; April 28, 1888.

INTRODUCED SPECIES.

Alauda arvensis. SKYLARK.—4 eggs; collected in Germany,
April 24, 1891.
NOTE.—Geog. Dist., Europe and Asia. Accidental in Greenland and Bur-
muda.—A. O. U. Check-List. faye : ;

Several pairs were liberated near Wilmington, Del.,in 1852,which were seen
atirregular intervals for twe years in the counties of Chester and Delaware,
Pa —Dr Warren’s Birds of Pa.*

Passer domesticus. ENGLISH SPARROW.—6 eggs; July 4,1891.

*Report ; onthe | Birds of Pennsylvania | with special reference to the Food
Habits, based on over Four Thousand Stomach .xaminations| by | B. H. War-
ren, M. D.| Ornithologist, Pennsylvania State Board of Agriculture| Second
Hdition,revised and angmented | Illustrated by one hundred plates | Published
byt horny of the Commonwealth | Harrisburg | E.K. Meyers,State Printer |

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