MONTANA
STATE

This **cover" page added by the Internet Archive for formatting purposes

583.99
Nllrcsc

1991

Roet Lisa
Schassberper

Report on the

conservation
status of Cirsium

lone|styluni» a
candidate

STATE BeeUMENTS COLLECTION

HELErfA. MONTANA 59620

REPORT ON THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF
Cirsium lonaistvlum, A CANDIDATE THREATENED SPECIES

Taxon Name:

Common Name:

Family:

States Where Taxon Occurs:

Current Federal Status:

Recommended Federal Status:

Author of Report:

Original Date of Report:

Date of Most Recent Revision:

Individual to Whom Further
Information and Comments
Should be Sent:

Cirsium lonqistylum Moore & Frankton
long-styled thistle
Asteraceae (=Compositae)

U.S.A. , Montana

USFWS Notice of Review, Category 2

USFWS Notice of Review, Category 2

Lisa A. Schassberger

24 April, 1991

N/A

Lisa A. Schassberger

Montana Natural Heritage Program

State Library Building

1515 E. 6th Avenue

Helena, MT 59620

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© 1990 Montana Natural Heritage Program

This document should be cited as follows:

Schassberger, LA. 1991. Report on the conservation status of Cirsium ionqistylum, a candidate threatened
species. Montana Natural Heritage Program. Helena, MT. 92 pp.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

I. SPECIES INFORMATION

1. Classification and nomenclature

2. Present legal or other formal status

3. Description

4. Significance

5. Geographical distribution

6. General environment and habitat description

7. Population biology of the taxon

Demographic Monitoring Study

8. Population ecology of the taxon

Preliminary studies of weevil infestation . .

9. Current land ownership and management responsibility.

10. Management practices and experience

11. Evidence of threats to survival

II. ASSESSMENT AND RECOMMENDATIONS

12. General assessment of vigor, trends, and status . . .

13. Recommendations for listing or status change

14. Recommended critical habitat

15. Conservation/recovery recommendations

16. Interested parties

III. INFORMATION SOURCES

17. Sources of information

18. Summary of materials on file

IV. AUTHORSHIP

19. Initial authorship

20. Maintenance of status report

V. NEW INFORMATION

21. Record of revisions

Literature Cited

Appendix A

Element occurrence printouts and maps

Appendix B

Methods and raw data, demographic monitoring study. .

1

I. SPECIES INFORMATION

1. Classification and nomenclature.

A. Species. r

1. Scientific name.

a. Binomial: Cirsium lonqistylum Moore &
Frankton

b. Full bibliographic citation: Moore, R.J.,
and C. Frankton. 1963. Cytotaxonomic
notes on some Cirsium species of the
western United States. Canadian Journal
of Botany 41:1553-1567.

c. Type specimens: Senn. Frankton & Gillett
5666 , August 23, 1951 Montana, Cascade
Co., Little Belt Mtns., 3 mi SE. of
Monarch (Holotype, DAG) . This collection
consists of three sheets, one bearing a
rosette only (Moore and Frankton 1963) .

2. Pertinent synonyms: None.

3. Common name: long-styled thistle

4. Taxon codes: PDAST2E1P0 (Montana Natural
Heritage Program); 3618 CIRLON, (U.S. Forest
Service, Region 1) .

5. Size of genus: The genus Cirsium occurs
throughout the northern hemisphere 'and contains
about 200 species, about 50 of which are native
to North America (Cronquist 1955) . Eleven
native species occur in Montana along with two
introduced (non-native) species from Eurasia
(Dorn 1984) .

B. Family classification.

1. Family name: Asteraceae.

2. Pertinent family synonym: Compositae.

3. Common names for the family: Sunflower Family.

C. Major plant group: Dicotyledoneae.

D. History of knowledge of taxon: The earliest known
specimen (Flodman 880 19 August 1896, Long Baldy,

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*

Little Belt Mountains) is deposited at New York.
Other collections reviewed by Moore and Franklin
(1963) for the original description include: Senn,
Frankton & Gillett 5670, August 23, 1951, Montana,
Meagher Co., Kings Hill, 8000 ft (DAO) ; Senn 6207.
July 29, 1953 Montana, Meagher Co., Little Belt
Mtns., 20 mi S. of Neihart, Forest Green Resort,
5,600 ft (DAO) .

E. Comments on current alternative taxonomic

treatments: None, however, after a review of
several specimens collected in 1990, Dr. Arthur
Cronquist (1991) states, "I included C. lonqistylum,
with some reluctance, in the single-volume flora for
the Pacific Northwest, but I was uneasy about it
then and I remain so now." Full collections from a
wide range of populations at various elevations will
be sent to Dr. Cronquist in the fall of 1991.

2. Present legal or other formal status.

A. International: None.

B. National.

1. United States.

a. Present designated or proposed legal
protection or regulation: U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service: Currently, the species
is included in Category 2 of the U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service Notice of Review
(U.S. Department of Interior 1990), under
consideration for federal listing as a
threatened species. Category 2 taxa are
those "... for which information now in
possession of the Service indicates that
proposing to list them as endangered or
threatened species is possibly
appropriate, but for which substantial
data on biological vulnerability and
threat (s) are not currently known or on
file to support the immediate preparation
of rules."

b. Other current formal status
recommendations.: The species is currently
listed as "endangered throughout range"
(global rank = G2) by the Montana Natural
Heritage Program Shelly (1990).

2. State.

a. Montana.

i

i. Present designated or proposed
legal protection or regulation:

None.

ii. Other current formal status
recommendations: Cirsium
lonqistylum has most recently
been ranked by the Montana
Natural Heritage Program as an
S2 species ("imperiled in
Montana because of rarity (6-20
occurrences") (Shelly 1990) .
Although only 20 populations of
C. lonqistylum are currently
recorded, several contain tens
of thousands of individuals and
numerous other populations were
observed that were not recorded.
Thus, the rank will be changed
to S3 on the 1991 list of Plant
Species of Special Concern.

iii. Review of past status:

Previously listed as "rare in
Montana" by the Montana Rare
Plant Project (Lesica et al.
1984) .

3. Description.

I

A. General nontechnical description: Cirsium

lonqistylum is a perennial thistle from thick, woody
underground stems. The stems are 20-24 inches tall,
ribbed, and are lightly hairy with long, cobwebby
hairs. The basal rosette leaves are somewhat spiny,
shallowly lobed, and are green, hairless above and
densely white hairy below. The stem leaves are
gray-green with long white cobwebby hairs, narrowly
spear-shaped, about 10 times as long as wide (up to
6 inches long and 0.5 inch wide), with lobes about
1/3 the width. Smaller leaves are only shallowly
lobed with numerous fine marginal spines to 0.2 inch
long. The flower heads are about 1.2 inches high
and 1 inch wide, usually in a tight cluster in the
top 2/3 of the plant. In young plants, the upper
part of the stem may be unexpanded and the flowers
clustered at the top of the stem. The flower heads
have a few small leaves beneath, the uppermost

»

I

resemble the involucral (outer, subtending) bracts
of the flower in shape. The involucre is 0.8 inch
high with the outer bracts narrowly spear-shaped,
0.06-0.08 inch wide at the base, with a few glands
or a dark blotch, the tip is slightly wider and has
a slender 0.08 inch spine. The middle and inner
involucral bracts are progressively less widened at
the tip. Flowers are white, the petals 0.8-0.9 inch
long with a basal ring of 30-40 tawny hairs 0.70-
0.75 inch long. The anthers are 0.30-0.35 inch
long. The style extends to 0.4 inch beyond the
corolla tube. The seeds are 0.22-0.26 inch long and
0.08 inch wide, light brown and sometimes flecked
with purple (adapted from Moore and Frankton 1963).

B. Technical description: Plant perennial by biennial
offsets from stout, woody rhizomes; stems ribbed,
lightly arachnoid pubescent with long multicellular
hairs, 50-60 cm tall, to 1.5 cm thick at base;
rosette leaves moderately spiny, margins with broad,
shallow divisions, green and glabrous above, densely
white pubescent beneath; cauline leaves gray-green
arachnoid, with multicellular hairs above, white
villous (long thin hairs with single long terminal
cell and 1-several short basal cells) below, linear-
lanceolate, base not decurrent, about 10 times as
long as wide, to 15 cm long, 1.5 cm wide, lobed less
than or equal to 1/3 the width, smaller upper leaves
essentially entire, lobes ovate, often irregular
with numerous fine marginal spines to 5 mm long;
heads 3 cm high, 2.5 cm wide, arrangement variable,
usually in a close terminal cluster but also 1-2 on
stem apex and lateral branches, usually, many
floriferous branches to 15 cm long, on terminal
third of main stem; floriferous part of stem may be
unexpanded in young plants with less than or equal
to 5 heads grouped at the stem apex; heads subtended
by a few reduced leaves, the uppermost about the
size of the involucral bracts and approaching them
in form, with gray multicellular hairs at right
angles to the margin; involucre 2 cm high with 5-6
rows of bracts, outer bracts linear-lanceolate, base
1.5-2 mm wide, weakly glandular or with a dark
blotch, surface glabrous, apical portion slightly
dilated with a yellow lacerate fringe, tipped by a
slender 2 mm spine; middle bracts similar but
progressively less dilated-lacerate; inner bracts
longer, lanceolate, tip not or only slightly
lacerate, the lacerate margin varies from a
conspicuous yellow fringe to minute irregular
serrations and is best seen on young heads but never
consists of fine lateral spines; flowers white.

»

corolla 20-22 mm long, tube 7-9 mm, lobes 3.5-5.5
mm, pappus 18-19 mm, tawny, of 30-40 setae, longer
setae clavellate; anthers, including appendages,
7.5-8.5 mm long, free tips usually incurved; style
long-exserted to 1 cm beyond the corolla, tip to
joint of style 3.5-5 mm; achenes 5.5-6.5 mm long, 2
mm wide, light brown sometimes with purplish flecks
(adapted from Moore and Frankton 1963) .

C. Local field characters: The dilated, lacerate-
fringed tip of the outer involucral bracts are
characteristic of Cirsium lonqistylum, although some
plants do not show this character well. It is
perhaps best distinguished from C. hooker ianum^ with
which it may hybridize, primarily by the involucral
bracts. In C. hooker ianum, the bracts are not
dilated and fringed, but are moderately to strongly
hairy, while those of C. lonqistylum are glabrous or
nearly so. Recent keys separating C. lonqistylum
from other Cirsium species in Montana are in Dorn
(1984), and Hitchcock and Cronquist (1973).

D. Identifying characteristics of material which is in
interstate or international commerce or trade: No

interstate or international commerce or trade known.

E. Photographs and line drawings: Color slides (p. 92)
are duplicates of those taken at the sites indicated
by the three-digit occurrence codes. Additional
slides of C. lonqistylum are housed at the office of
the Montana Natural Heritage Program, Helena,
Montana.

4. Significance.

A. Natural: Cirsium lonqistylum is one of 13 plant
species endemic to Montana.

B. Human: None known.

5. Geographical distribution.

A. Geographical range: Cirsium lonqistylum occurs only
in central Montana, primarily in the Little Belt
Mountains, with a single recorded occurrence in the
Big Belt Mountains to the west. The range of
populations is indicated in Figure 1, p. 6.

B. Precise occurrences.

1. Populations currently known to be extant: In

1990, four new populations were mapped, and the

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range of six populations was extended. Exact
locations of the recorded C. longistylum
populations are provided on USGS quadrangle
maps in Appendix A, pp. 57-77, along with
element occurrence records (pp. 36-56) for each
population. Cirsium longistylum is nearly
ubiquitous to many of the meadows and roadsides
at higher elevations in the Little Belt
Mountains, and is common in moist streamside
meadows at lower elevations. The populations
mapped do not represent all of the populations
observed to be present in the Little Belt
Mountains.

2. Populations known or assumed extirpated.
a. Montana: None.

3. Historically known populations where current
status is not known:

a. Montana: Two sites are considered as
historic locations for populations of
Cirsium longistylum. The first known
collection for this species at Long Baldy
(009) has not been resurveyed. The Forest
Green (003) site was resurveyed in 1983 by
Ramstetter, but "no plants which could
conclusively be identified as C.
longistylum were located,"

4. Locations not yet investigated believed likely
to support additional natural populations.

Although there are no records for this species
in the Snowy Range there is potential habitat
in the area.

5. Reports having ambiguous or incomplete locality
information:

a. Montana: The voucher specimen for the

Long Baldy (009) site states "Long Baldy,
Judith Basin County." Big Baldy Mountain
lies in Judith Basin County, while Long
Mountain and Neihart Baldy peaks lie to
the east in Cascade County. The actual
collection site may lie along the ridge
between the peaks.

►

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i

6. Locations known or suspected to be erroneous
reports:

a. Montana: None.

C. Biogeographical and phylogenetic history: Details
unknown and not yet investigated. The
distributional pattern of C. lonqistylum in Montana
may be the result of geographical isolation and
speciation. The Little Belts escaped glaciation
during the ice ages because it was too low to catch
the enormous quantity of snow that big glaciers
require (Alt and Hyndman 1986) .

6. General environment and habitat description.

A. Concise statement of general environment and
habitat: Cirsium lonqistylum occurs frequently on
disturbed roadsides, and in meadows and openings in
forests. Surrounding vegetation cover ranged from
10 to 95 percent depending on the site. Undisturbed
habitats include Pinus contorta/Festuca idahoensis
open forest and mixed meadows, and Abies lasiocarpa-
Pinus albicaulis open forest and mixed meadows near
upper treeline.

B. Physical characteristics.
1. Climate.

a. Koppen climate classification: According
to Koppen 's classification, the Little
Belt Mountains fall within a area where a
steppe climate with a winter dry season
caused by winter cold prevents appreciable
precipitation accumulations (Visher 1954) .
This steppe climate is probably typical of
the surrounding prairies, but it is likely
that the mountains receive higher winter
precipitation.

b. Regional macroclimate: The regional
climate of central Montana is
characterized by hot, dry summers and
cold, snowy winters. The precipitation
peak in central. Montana is generally in
May and June, and comes in the form of wet
snow and rain (U.S. Department of Commerce
1982) .

The climatic station closest to the
central Montana sites is at Stanford,
which at 4710 feet (1413 m) , is 2000-3000
feet (600-900 m) lower than most of the
sites in the Little Belt Mountains. Thus,
precipitation is likely to be higher and
temperatures on the average lower at the
sites where populations occur. For the
period 1951-1980 (U.S. Department of
Commerce 1982) , the January mean
temperature was 20.5°F (-6.4°C), the July
mean temperature was 65.2°F (18.5°C), and
the annual mean temperature was 4 4.2°F
(6.8°C). The mean annual precipitation
was 15.3 in (38.3 cm) with May (3.01 in
(7.5 cm)) and June (3.07 (7.7 cm)) being
the wettest months.

c. Local microclimate: Populations of

Cirsium lonqistylum occur in open high
elevation meadows that remain moist from
snow melt into June. Lower elevation
populations occur in meadows near creeks
where the soils are more moist than the
surrounding uplands, but not inundated.

2. Air and water quality requirements: Air and

water quality requirements are not known.

3. Physiographic province: Mapped by Hunt (1974)
as occurring in the Northern Rocky Mountain
physiographic province.

4. Physiographic and topographic characteristics:

Cirsium lonqistylum occurs predominantly at
altitudes of 5200-7500 ft (1665-2400 m) , with
the lowest recorded location at 4680 ft (1475
m) and the highest recorded location at 8040 ft
(2575 m) .

5. Edaphic factors: The soils under Cirsium
lonqistylum populations in central Montana are
developed in parent materials derived from a
wide variety of geologic sources. These
include hard, coarse-grained metamorphics of
Precambrian age. Paleozoic limestones,
dolomites and shales, and intrusive igneous
rocks (Veseth and Montagne 1980, Weed 1900) .
Site-specific soil information for the sites is
not available, but general information
indicates that Cryochrepts, Cryoboralfs, and

10

Lithic Cryoborolls are most likely (Montagne et
al. 1982) .

6. Dependence of this taxon on natural

disturbance: A number of the C. lonqistylum
populations occur in areas which have been
lightly disturbed in the past through timber
management, grazing or road maintenance,
however, other populations occur on sites that
are relatively remote and pristine. The plant
does not appear to be disturbance dependent.

C. Biological characteristics.

1. Vegetation physiognomy and community structure:

Cirsium lonqistylum occurs in open meadow
communities that are dominated by grasses and
forbs, but often include scattered Potentilla
fruticosa. indicating moderately mesic
conditions.

2. Regional vegetation types: According to
Kuchler (1964) , the populations in the Little
Belt Mountains fall within the Douglas fir
forest zone.

3. Frequently associated species: Cirsium
lonqistylum populations occur in both disturbed
and undisturbed habitats. The disturbed
habitats are typically roadsides, trails,
meadows and clearings. Species associated with
the disturbed sites include:

Artemisia spp. (sagebrushes)

Bromus inermis (smooth brome)

Phleum pratense (timothy)

Poa pratensis (Kentucky bluegrass)

Cirsium arvense (Canada thistle)

Taraxacum officinale (common dandelion)

The undisturbed habitats are native grasslands and
grassy openings in open forests. Associated species
include:

Juniperus communis (common juniper)
Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine)
Pinus ponderosa (ponderosa pine)
Pseudotsuqa menziesii (Douglas fir)
Potentilla fruticosa (shrubby cinquefoil)

k Achillea millefolium (yarrow)

" Aqoseris qlauca (pale agoseris)

Allium qeyeri (Geyer's onion)

i

11

Androsace septentrional is (northern fairy-
candelabra)

Anemone multif ida (cliff anemone)
Antennaria microphylla (rosy pussy-toes)
Antennaria racemosa (raceme pussy-toes)
Arenaria conqesta (ballhead sandwort)
Aster occidentalis (western aster)
Astragalus alpinus (alpine milk-vetch)
Astragalus miser (weedy milk-vetch)
Campanula rotundifolia (lady ' s-thimble)
Cerastium arvense (field chickweed)
Claytonia lanceolata var. flava (yellow
springbeauty)

Delphinium bicolor (little larkspur)
Equisetum arvense (field horsetail)
Festuca idahoensis (Idaho fescue)
Fraqaria vesca (woods strawberry)
Fraqaria virqiniana (Virginia strawberry)
Frasera speciosa (giant frasera)
Galium boreale (northern bedstraw)
Gentiana calycosa (explorer's gentian)
Geranium richardsonii (white geranium)
Geranium viscosissimum (sticky geranium)
Geum trif lorum (old man's whiskers)
Hedysarum sulphurescens (yellow hedysarum)
Heracleum sphondylium (cow-parsnip)
Koeleria macrantha (prairie junegrass)
Linum perenne (blue flax)
Lomatium cous (Cous biscuit-root)
Lupinus arqenteus (silvery lupine)
Luzula campestris (field woodrush)
Microseris niqrescens (black-hairy microseris)
Pedicularis contorta (coiled-beak lousewort)
Penstemon procerus (small-flowered penstemon)
Penstemon rydberqii (Rydberg's penstemon)
Poa secunda (Sandberg's bluegrass)

Potentilla diversifolia (diverse-leaved cinquefoil)
Potentilla gracilis (slender cinquefoil)
Potentilla palustris (purple cinquefoil)
Rosa woodsii (woods rose)

Sedum lanceolatum (lance-leaved stonecrop)
Senecio inteqerrimus (western groundsel)
Senecio streptanthifolius (Rocky Mountain
butterweed)

Senecio trianqularis (arrowleaf groundsel)
Solidaqo multiradiata (northern goldenrod)
Spiranthes romanzof f iana (hooded ladies-tresses)
Stipa viridula (green needlegrass)
Thlaspi arvense (field pennycress)
Trifolium repens (white clover)
Vaccinium caespitosum (dwarf huckleberry)
Ziqadenus eleqans (glaucous zigadenus)

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12

4. Dominance and frequency of the taxon: Cirsium
lonqistylum is often present in great
abundance, as was noted in 3 sample plots where
densities ranged from 0.24 to 2.18 plants/m^.

In other areas only one or two plant will occur
along a roadway.

5. Successional phenomena: Cirsium lonqistylum
has been observed in forest habitats, but only
along streams, and generally in more open
sites. Populations most often occur in meadows
and forest openings. This species would
probably not tolerate canopy closure.

6. Dependence on dynamic aspects of biotic
associations and ecosystem features: This
species appears to be dependent on habitats
that are moist in early summer through snow
melt, or mesic riparian habitats where moisture
levels are higher than the surrounding uplands.

7. Other endangered, threatened, rare, or
vulnerable species occurring in habitat of this
taxon: Two rare plant species have been found
on at least two sites where C. lonqistylum
occurs. These species include. Phlox kelseyi
var. missoulensis (U.S. Fish and Wildlife
status 3C, U.S. Forest Service, Region 1 watch
list species) and Claytonia lanceolata var.
flava (U.S. Fish and Wildlife status C2 , U.S.
Forest Service, Region 1, sensitive list) (U.S.
Department of Interior 1990, U.S. Department of
Agriculture 1988) .

7. Population biology of the taxon.

A. General summary: Populations of C. lonqistylum
usually Qontain several hundred to tens of thousands
of individuals. This species is a perennial that
reproduces both asexually by biennial offsets from a
perennial rhizome (Moore and Frankton 1963) , and
sexually by seeds produced from perfect flowers.
Observations of populations indicate a good range of
plants at each life history stage, from single whorl
rosette, through multiple whorl rosettes, to
flowering and fruiting adults. It is not yet
certain that this species, is a strict biennial.

B. Demography.

1. Known populations: Cirsium lonqistylum is a
Montana endemic. There are currently twenty

13

recorded populations of Cirsium lonqistylum in
Judith Basin, Cascade, and Meagher counties.
All are in the Little Belt Mountains except
one, which occurs in the Big Belt Mountains to
the west.

General demographic details (Montana) :

a. site (001)

1. Area occupied by population:
Unknown .

2. Estimated number of individuals:
Unknown.

3. Density: Unknown.

4. Presence of dispersed seeds:
Unknown .

5. Evidence of reproduction: Unknown.

6. Evidence of population expansion or
decline: Unknown.

b. site (002)

1. Area occupied by population: ca. 500

acres.

2. Estimated number of individuals:
Tens of thousands of individuals

3. Density: Up to 1.7 plants/m^.

4. Presence of dispersed seeds:
Unknown.

5. Evidence of reproduction: Many young
rosette-stage plants were observed.

6. Evidence of population expansion or
decline: Unknown.

c. site (003)

1. Area occupied by population:
Unknown.

2. Estimated number of individuals:
Unknown.

3. Density: Unknown.

4. Presence of dispersed seeds:
Unknown .

5. Evidence of reproduction: Unknown.

6. Evidence of population expansion or
decline: Unknown.

d. site (004)

1. Area occupied by population: ca. 1
acre.

2. Estimated number of individuals:

Unknown.

3. Density: Unknown.

14

4. Presence of dispersed seeds:

Unknown .

5. Evidence of reproduction: Unknown.

6. Evidence of population expansion or
decline: Unknown.

e. site (005)

1. Area occupied by population: ca. 1
acre.

2. Estimated number of individuals: 20
plants counted (1986) .

3. Density: Unknown.

4. Presence of dispersed seeds:
Unknown.

5. Evidence of reproduction: Unknown.

6. Evidence of population expansion or
decline: Unknown.

f. site (006)

1. Area occupied by population:

Unknown. Scattered subpopulations.

2. Estimated number of individuals:
Some subpopulations have greater than
100 plants (1983) .

3. Density: Unknown.

4. Presence of dispersed seeds:
Unknown.

5. Evidence of reproduction: Unknown.

6. Evidence of population expansion or
decline: Unknown.

g. site (007)

1. Area occupied by population: ca. 5
acres.

2. Estimated number of individuals:
Greater than 100 plants.

3. Density: Scattered in meadow areas.

4. Presence of dispersed seeds:
Unknown.

5. Evidence of reproduction: Unknown.

6. Evidence of population expansion or
decline: Unknown.

h. site (008)

1. Area occupied by population: ca. 160

acres.

2. Estimated number of individuals:
Frequent, 5,000-10,000 individuals
(1990) .

3. Density: In one area, 2.18
plants/m^.

15

4. Presence of dispersed seeds:

Unknown.

5. Evidence of reproduction: Flowering
and fruiting individuals and numerous
rosette stage individuals present.

6. Evidence of population expansion or
decline:

i. site (009)

1. Area occupied by population:
Unknown.

2. Estimated number of individuals:
Unknown.

3. Density: Unknown.

4. Presence of dispersed seeds:
Unknown .

5. Evidence of reproduction: Unknown.

6. Evidence of population expansion or
decline: Unknown.

j. site (010)

1. Area occupied by population: 800
acres.

2. Estimated number of individuals:

Probably hundreds of thousands of
plants present (1990) .

3. Density: Unknown.

4. Presence of dispersed seeds:
Unknown.

5. Evidence of reproduction: Flowering
and fruiting individuals and numerous
rosette stage individuals present.

6. Evidence of population expansion or
decline: Unknown.

k. site (Oil)

1. Area occupied by population: ca. 600
acres.

2. Estimated number of individuals:
Frequent, several tens of thousands
of plants (1990) .

3. Density: Unknown.

4. Presence of dispersed seeds:
Unknown .

5. Evidence of reproduction: Flowering
and fruiting individuals and numerous
rosette stage individuals present.

6. Evidence of population expansion or
decline: Unknown.

16

1. site (012)

1. Area occupied by population: ca, 60
acres.

2. Estimated number of individuals:
Frequent; more than 5,000
individuals.

3. Density; Unknown.

4. Presence of dispersed seeds:
Unknown.

5. Evidence of reproduction: Flowering
and fruiting individuals and numerous
rosette stage individuals present.

6. Evidence of population expansion or
decline: Unknown.

m. site (013)

1. Area occupied by population: ca. 1
acre.

2. Estimated number of individuals: 175
plant counted (1986).

3. Density: Unknown.

4. Presence of dispersed seeds:
Unknown .

5. Evidence of reproduction: Flowering
plants observed.

6. Evidence of population expansion or
decline: Unknown.

n. site (014)

1. Area occupied by population: ca. 2
acres.

2. Estimated nximber of individuals:
ca. 11-50 plants counted (1987) .

3. Density: Unknown.

4. Presence of dispersed seeds:
Unknown .

5. Evidence of reproduction: Flowering
plants.

6. Evidence of population expansion or
decline: Unknown.

o. site (015)

1. Area occupied by population:
Unknown .

2. Estimated number of individuals:
Unknown .

3. Density: Unknown.

4. Presence of dispersed seeds:
Unknown .

5. Evidence of reproduction: Unknown.

6. Evidence of population expansion or
decline: Unknown.

17

p. site (016)

1. Area occupied by population:
Unknown .

2. Estimated number of individuals:
Unknown .

3. Density: Unknown.

4. Presence of dispersed seeds:
Unknown .

5. Evidence of reproduction: Unknown.

6. Evidence of population expansion or
decline: Unknown.

q. site (017)

1. Area occupied by population: ca. 10
acres.

2. Estimated number of individuals: ca.
100 plants (1990) .

3. Density: Unknown.

4. Presence of dispersed seeds: Unknown.

5. Evidence of reproduction: Flowering
individuals present.

6. Evidence of population expansion or
decline: Unknown.

r. site (018)

1. Area occupied by population: ca. 60
acres.

2. Estimated number of individuals:
Several hundred plants (1990) .

3. Density: Unknown.

4. Presence of dispersed seeds:
Unknown .

5. Evidence of reproduction: Flowering
plants observed.

6. Evidence of population expansion or
decline: Unknown.

s. site (019)

1. Area occupied by population: ca. 3 0
acres.

2. Estimated nvimber of individuals: ca.
50 plants (1990) .

3. Density: Unknown.

4. Presence of dispersed seeds:
Unknown .

5. Evidence of reproduction: Flowering
plants observed.

6. Evidence of population expansion or
decline: Unknown.

t. site (020)

1. Area occupied by population: ca. 80
acres.

2. Estimated nvimber of individuals:
Thousands of plants (1990) .

3. Density: Unknown.

4. Presence of dispersed seeds:
Unknown .

5. Evidence of reproduction: Flowering
plants observed.

6. Evidence of population expansion or
decline: Unknown.

DEMOGRAPHIC MONITORING STUDY: During 1990, three
permanent monitoring transects were established in
populations of C. lonqistylum on the Lewis and Clark
National Forest. The purpose of these transects is to
provide more detailed data on the life history and
population dynamics of C. longistylum. Data on
survivorship and reproduction are important for
understanding the biology of plants with limited
distributions, especially when attempting to ensure their
long-term preservation (Massey and Whitson 1980) . Data
may also indicate whether population sizes are declining,
which may be the result of infestation by the weevil
Rhinocyllus conicus.

Methods including descriptions and maps of the study
sites, and the raw data are presented in Appendix B, pp.
78-91. First year results are summarized and presented
in Table 1, p. 19.

RESULTS: Density of C. longistylum plants varied from
0.24 plants/m^ at Russian Creek to 2 . 1 plants/m^ at
Neihart. The percentage of flowering plants was highest
at Russian Creek (35%) , and was lower at Kings Hill and
Neihart (28% and 17%, respectively). However, the
reverse trend was observed for plants at the rosette
stage, with a greater percentage of rosettes occurring at
Neihart (83%) and reduced percentages observed at Kings
Hill and Russian Creek (71% and 64%, respectively) . The
highest number of large and medium rosettes were observed
at Neihart.

Cirsium longistylum plants produced 10 to 16 heads per
plant.

19

TABLE 1. Summary of life history monitoring data for Cirsium

lonqistylum at three sites in the Little Belt Mountains
on the Lewis and Clark National Forest in 1990.

Russian
Creek

Elevation (ft)

6520

Date read

27 July

Total # plants of
current year plants
recorded

107

Density (plants/m^)

0.24

# plants flowering

37

% of plants flowering

35%

U small rosette plants

26

# medium rosette plants

23

# large rosette plants

20

total # plants at
rosette stage

69

% of plants at rosette
stage

MX

mean # of heads
(open or unopened)
per flowering plant
(1 SD, n)

16.4 + 8.4
n = 37

Kings
Hill

7880
30 July

113

1.7
32

28%

31
37
13

81

71X

10.5 + 7.7
n=32

Neihart

6960
31 July

142

2.18
24

17%

42
54
22
118

83%

14.6 + 5.8
n=24

>

20

C. Phenology.

1. Patterns: In Montana, the flowering period for
C. lonqistylum starts near the end of June,
peaks in July and extends into August.
Flowering occurs basipetally in C. longistyluin,
with the lowermost flowering heads developing
last. Seeds mature in August and September,
and are primarily wind dispersed. Seeds of
this species have been germinated successfully
without cold stratification or scarification

(Sarah Mathews, pers. comm.), and therefore may
germinate in the fall.

2. Relation to climate and microclimate: Plants
occurring at lower elevations, and on more
southerly slopes begin to flower two to three
weeks before plants occurring at the higher
elevations. This may be important with respect
to weevil infestations, since timing of egg-
laying by Rhinocyllus conicus is related to
temperature, and higher elevation sites have
extremes in temperature fluctuations (Dr.
Charles Turner, pers. comm.).

D. Reproductive ecology.

1. Types of reproduction: Cirsium lonqistylum

reproduces both asexually by biennial offsets
from a perennial rhizome (Moore and Frankton
1963), and sexually by seeds produced from
perfect flowers. Observations of populations
indicate a good range of plants at each life
history stage, from single whorl rosette,
through larger multiple whorl rosettes, to
flowering and fruiting adults. It is not yet
certain that this species is a strict biennial;
small (single whorl) to large (multiple whorl)
rosettes were observed in populations as well
as flowering plants. Results of demographic
monitoring studies begun in 1990 should give a
better indication of these life history as
traits exhibited by this species.

2. Pollination.

a. Mechanisms: Cirsium lonqistylum is known
to be insect pollinated. Whether self-
pollination occurs is not known.

>

21

b. Specific known pollinators: Bumblebees
(Bombus sp.) have been observed to visit
heads on numerous occasions, and may be
the primary pollinators.

c. Other suspected pollinators: Not known.

d. Vulnerability of pollinators: Not known
although bumblebees are ubiquitous and
their vulnerability is probably low.

3. Seed dispersal.

a. General mechanisms: Numerous seeds are
produced that are mostly wind dispersed by
the prominent pappus that is about 3 times
the length of the small achene.

b. Specific agents: Primarily wind
dispersed.

c. Vulnerability of dispersal agents and

mechanisms: The heads of some plants in
the Little Belt Mountains have been
attacked by a weevil, Rhinocyllus conicus.
This weevil was introduced to North
America from Europe as a biological
control agent for Carduus nutans (Rees
1982, 1987). Weevil infestation rates,
and the likely effect on seed production
and population viability are unknown,
although preliminary studies have begun.

d. Patterns of propagule dispersal: Unknown.
.4. Seed biology.

a. T^ount and variation of seed production:

Unknown.

b. Seed viability and longevity: Unknown.

c. Dormancy requirements: Unknown.

d. Germination requirements: Seeds of C.
longistylum were germinated successfully
without cold stratification or
scarification (Sarah Mathews, pers.
comm.). It is possible that germination
occurs in fall.

^ 22

e. Percent germination: Little difficulty
was encountered germinating seed (Sarah
Mathews, pers. cornm.)'

5. Seedling ecology: Not known, although both
small and large rosettes were observed.

6. Survival and mortality: Population sizes were
quite large, and most had a good range of
plants at each life history stage.

7. Overall assessment of taxon's reproductive
success: Populations of C. lonqistylum are
apparently reproductively successful. Data
from monitoring transects should provide more
information on this subject.

8. Population ecology of the taxon.

A. General summary: Total vegetation cover within
Cirsium lonqistylum populations ranges from 10 to
100 percent. Although it is sometimes found beneath
an open forest canopy, it is more often in open
meadows. This species has been infested by the
weevil Rhinocyllus conicus introduced as a

I biological control for Carduus nutans. Preliminary

information on infestation rates are outlined below.

B. Positive and neutral interactions: None known or
observed.

C. Negative interactions.

1. Herbivores, predators, pests, parasites and

diseases: The seed heads of some plants in the
Little Belt Mountains have been attacked by a
weevil, Rhinocyllus conicus, which was
introduced to North America from Europe as a
biological control agent for Carduus nutans
(Rees 1982, 1987). The weevil was introduced
in several locations including Bozeman Montana
in the early seventies. Within several years,
the weevils had moved out from the original
establishment location. Weevil infestation
rates, and the likely effect on seed production
and population viability are unknown, although
preliminary studies have been begun. Dr.
Charles Turner (USDA, Albany, California, pers.
comm.), a specialist in the fauna of members of
the Asteraceae (Sunflower Family) , has recently
completed a study of the weevil's impact on a
rare thistle native to California. Although

>

23

the data have not been completely analyzed, it
was his opinion that the weevil was having
little effect on this rare thistle that is
restricted to serpentine warmspring sites. He
also made the observation that new world
members of the Cirsium genus were very
depauperate in herbivorous fauna in comparison
to old world species. It should be noted that
the weevil has infested a number of native
species in the genus Cirsium (Turner et al.
1987) .

While the rate of seed predation is not clear
in the case of C. lonqistylum, it is a matter
of concern because seed predation can have a
magnified effect on succeeding life history
stages, resulting in greatly reduced seedling
establishment and recruitment of new plants
(Louda et al. 1990) . Herbivory of other parts
of the plant has not been studied, although
thistles generally are not affected much by
grazing.

PRELIMINARY STUDIES OP WEEVIL INFESTATION

METHODS: To get a preliminary estimate of the
number of heads per plant of Cirsium lonqistylum
infested by Rhinocyllus conicus, five plants each
were randomly collected from five locations. The
total number of heads on each plant were counted and
dissected, and then scored as to whether or not they
contained weevil larvae. Collection site locations
are provided on a map. Figure 2, p. 24.

RESULTS: The raw and summarized data from this
study are provided in Table 2, p. 25. The twenty-
five C. lonqistylum plants sampled contained a total
of 3 66 heads. Two-hundred twenty-five of these
heads contained one or more weevils. Thus
approximately 60 percent of the heads on plants were
infested. The degree of infestation and the impact
on the seed production were not measured. This
would take an involved study. However, different
sites showed different levels of infestation of
individual plants, with the lowest rate of
infestation occurring at Kings Hill and O'Brien
Park. After adult weevils lay eggs on plants in the
spring, the eggs hatch and the larvae burrow into
the flower heads (Rees 1982) . Higher elevation
locations may limit weevil survival due to variable
temperatures (Dr. Charles Turner, pers. comm,). It
is not known how weevil infestation affects

24

T)

Q)

C)

CO

n

4-1

T1

c

0)

CO

S-l r-l

a

»\

CO

§

C 4->

O en

•H -H

> o

Q

E

C D

O -iH

en w

J-l J-l

(U -H

U-I CJ

14-1

0) u

■-) o

<4-l

r^

4J CO

CO 4-)

CU c

U -H

t2a

.-H C

CO O

C -H

O 4-1

•rH O

4-1 QJ

CO >— 1

2: n-l

O

^ o

u

CO U-I

.-H O •

o >,

CO 13

T3 C 13

C O 4-1

CO -H CO

4-)

CO CO C

•r^ O O

> O -H

CU r—l 4-)
l-J CO

(U 4-1

♦-X; CO

QJ 4-1 0

O U-I

•H CxO c

^.s-^

CU S .-H

CO O -rH

x >

4-1 CO CU

CO <D

CU 4-1 5

Vj C

O <U CU

lij O X

JJ 4-1

. (U

< PL C

■H

Q O

• 00 X)

CO CU

• >, CO

O^

D

\

25

Table 2 . Number and percent of heads of Cirsium loncristylum

infested by Rhinocyllus conicus.

PLOT
#

PLANT

NUMBER OF HEADS
ON PLANT

NUMBER OF
INFESTED HEADS

PERCENT OF
HEADS INFESTED

1 (Lower Russian Creek)

1

6

2

33

3

10

4

24

5

15

2 (Deadman Creek)

1

11

2

13

3

15

4

10

5

19

3 (O'Brien Park)

1

9

2

6

3

10

4

17

5

21

4 (Kings Hill)

1

15

2

15

3

9

4

11

5

15

5 (Neihart)

1

22

2

20

3

14

4

10

5

16

4

30

8

23

13

11
13
15

m

19

10

13

11

3

10

67%
90%
80%
95%
86%

100%
100%
100%
100%
100%

22%

0%

10%

12%

43%

6%

33%

78%

18%

20%

45%
65%
78%
30%
62%

Totals

25

366

225 AVERAGE PERCENT 58%
OF HEAD
INFESTATION

>

26

population size fluctuations. Monitoring data
currently indicate that populations contained a good
mix of both rosettes and flowering plants. It is
possible that infestation rates are not high enough
to limit this species, or that the Cirsium
lonqistylum populations have very few predatory
fauna; a hypothesis put forth by Dr. C. Turner
(U.S.D.A., Albany, CA, pers. coram.).

2. Competition.

a. Intraspecif ic\Interspecif ic: No studies
have been done on competitive
interactions, either intraspecif ic or
interspecific. However, the frequent
occurrence of C. lonqistylum in disturbed
sites and in open, unshaded areas suggests
that it is not very tolerant of shading.

Hybridization.

1. Naturally occurring: Variation of some local
populations in both leaf and involucral
characters has been interpreted to indicate
hybridization between C. lonqistylum and
perhaps C. hooker ianum, which has been reported
from the area (Ownbey 1987, Shelly 1986) .
Similarities to C. scariosum have also been
noted (Moore and Frankton 1963) . The incidence
of these variant plants seems to be greater in
disturbed sites than in undisturbed sites
(Shelly 1986) , which is a common pattern in
many cases of hybridization (Anderson 1953) .
More recently, Ownbey (1990) has stated that he
thinks the variation "can be ascribed to
intraspecif ic genetic variation" rather than
hybridization. There is also some question
about the identity of the plants from the area
that were reported as C. hookerianum (Cronquist
1991) . Thus, there are currently unresolved
questions about the status of this species and
further study is needed.

2. Artificially induced: None known.

3. Potential in cultivation: Not known, although
seeds appear to germinate readily, plants are
not in cultivation.

»

27

9. Current land ownership and management responsibility.

A. General nature of ownership: U.S. Forest Service
and private lands.

B. Specific landowners (Montana) :

1. Lewis and Clark National Forest
1101 15th Street North

Great Falls, MT 59403

2. Helena National Forest
301 S. Park, Drawer 10014
Federal Office Building, Room 334
Helena, MT 59626

3. Privately owned (owner not known) .

C. Management responsibility: Same as ownership given
above.

D. Easements, conservation restrictions, etc.: A

population of C. lonqistylum (Paine Gulch 014) is
located within the Paine Gulch Proposed Research
Natural Area, Lewis and Clark National Forest.

10. Management practices and experience.

A. Habitat management.

1. Review of past management and land use
experiences.

a. This taxon: Much of the habitat for C.
lonqistylum is grazed for a portion of the
year by cattle or sheep, and several sites
have been logged in the past (pers. obs.).
Grazing does not appear to limit this
species, and may in fact open more
potential habitat.

b. Related taxa: Rhinocyllus conicus has
infested numerous other native thistles
across in the U.S., but the extent of the
weevils impact on these unintended hosts
is not known (Turner et al. 1987) .

c. other ecologically similar taxa:

Rhinocyllus conicus was introduced as a
biological control for musk thistle
(Carduus nutans) , but also infests Cirsium
lonqistylum. The impact of the weevil on

»

I

28

the fecundity of Cirsium longistylum has
not been analyzed. Studies involving
Carduus nutans have shown that larvae
feeding within the receptacle not only
consume seed, but also affect the
viability of unconsumed seeds (Rees 1977) .

2. Performance under changed conditions: Not

known .

3. Current management policies and actions:

Current management is the same as outlined
under past management.

4. Future land use: Not known.
B. Cultivation.

1. Controlled propagation techniques: Not known
although seeds of C. longistylum germinate

* - readily without cold stratification or

scarification (Sarah Mathews, pers. comm.).

2. Ease of transplanting: Not known.

3. Pertinent horticultural knowledge: Not

reviewed.

4. Status and location of presently cultivated
material:

a. Specimen plants: None known.

b. Self-sustaining breeding populations:

None known.

c. Stored seed: None known.
11. Evidence of threats to survival.

A. Present or threatened destruction, modification, or
curtailment of habitat or range: Cirsium
longistylum is not currently threatened by habitat
alteration, however it should be kept in mind that
all of the known occurrences of this species are
within a 40 mile radius in the Little Belt
Mountains, with a single population in the Big Belt
Mountains to the west.

B. Overutilization for commercial, sporting,
scientific, or educational purposes: No threats
known .

29

C. Disease, predation, or grazing: Rhinocyllus conicus
was introduced as a biological control for musk
thistle (Carduus nutans) , but also infests Cirsium
lonqistylum. The impact of the weevil on the
fecundity of Cirsium lonqistylum has not been
determined.

D. Inadequacy of existing regulatory mechanisms: None
known .

E. Other natural or man-made factors: None known.
II. ASSESSMENT AND RECOMMENDATIONS

12. General assessment of vigor, trends, and status: Cirsium
lonqistylum is currently known only from locations in the
Little Belt Mountains, with one location in the Big Belt
Mountains of Montana. Populations are extensive and
appear quite vigorous. A weevil introduced as a
biological control for Carduus nutans is also infesting
C. lonqistylum, but the impacts on the fecundity of the
plant are not known.

13. Recommendations for listing or status change.

A. Recommendation to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service:

On the basis of current information summarized in
this status report, it is recommended that Cirsium
lonqistylum be retained in Category 2. Although
population sizes of this Montana endemic are large,
the extent of the threat posed by the weevil
Rhinocyllus conicus is not known. Further work is
needed to clarify this threat, and resolve the
taxonomic status of this species.

B. Recommendations to other U.S. federal agencies: It

is recommended that Cirsium lonqistylum be
maintained on the U.S. Forest Service list of
sensitive plant species until the taxonomic status
and measurement of threat posed by the weevil
Rhinocyllus conicus are resolved.

C. Other status recommendations.

1. Counties and local areas: No recommendations.

2. States: Cirsium lonqistylum will be listed as
S3 (found abundantly in a restricted range) on
the 1991 Montana Natural Heritage Program list
of plant species of special concern.

>

30

3. Other nations: No recommendations.

4. International: No recommendations.

14. Recommended critical habitat: The complete status of
Cirsium lonqistylum is not yet known. Thus, critical
habitat is not being recommended at this time.

15. Conservation/recovery recommendations.

A. General conservation recommendations.

1. Recommendations regarding present or
anticipated activities: None.

2. Areas recommended for protection: No

recommendations are being made at this time.

3. Habitat management recommendations: No
recommendations are being made at this time.

4. Publicity sensitivity: Low.

5. Other recommendations: None.

B. Monitoring activities and research needs: Three
demographic monitoring plots were established in
populations in 1990. Results to date are found
within the body of the text of this report, p. 18,
with methods and raw data located in Appendix B, pp.
78-91. These studies should be continued for at
least 3 years. Complete specimen collections are
needed for review by experts to enable them to
better determine the taxonomic status of this
species.

16. Interested parties:

Office of Endangered Species

ATTN: Dr. James Miller

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

P.O. Box 25486

Denver Federal Center

Denver, CO 80225

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

ATTN: Dale Harms

Federal Building, 301 S. Park

P.O. Box 10023

Helena, MT 59626

»

31

»

»

Office of Endangered Species
ATTN: Dr. John Fay
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Washington, D.C. 20240

U.S. Forest Service, Region One
ATTN: Angela Evenden
Federal Building
P.O. Box 7669
Missoula, MT 59807

Lewis and Clark National Forest
ATTN: Wayne Phillips
1101 15th St. North
Great Falls, MT 59403

The Nature Conservancy

ATTN: Dr. Larry Morse

1815 North Lynn Street

Arlington, VA 22209

The Nature Conservancy
ATTN: Bernie Hall
Big Sky Field Office
P.O. Box 258
Helena, MT 59624

Montana Natural Heritage Program
State Library Building
1515 E. 6th Ave.
Helena, MT 59620

III. INFORMATION SOURCES

17. Sources of Information.

A. Publications.

1. References cited in report: See Literature
Cited (p. 34) .

2. Other publications/sources:

B. Museum collections: Specimens are deposited at the
University of Montana Herbarium (MONTU) , University
of Minnesota (MIN) , Department of Agriculture
Ontario (DAO) , and at the New York Botanical Garden
(NY) . The following is a list of herbarium
specimens reviewed for this report, and is organized
by occurrence number:

(002) - Ramstetter (7) , MONTU

32

Schassberqer (396) , MN

(005) - Ramstetter (2) . MONTU

(006) - Ramstetter (11. 13) . MONTU
Porn (2783) . MONTU

(007) - Ramstetter (9) , MONTU
Schassberqer (398) , MN

(008) - Ramstetter (3) . MONTU
(010) - Schassberqer (399) . MN

(016) - Lackschewitz (11026) , MONTU

(017) - Schassberqer (416) . MN

(018) - Schassberqer (412) . MN

(019) - Schassberqer (397) . NY

C. Fieldwork.

1. Surveys conducted:

22-24 July 1986, Shelly, J.S.

23-27, 30-31 July 1990, Schassberger , L.

D. ■ Knowledgeable individuals:

Wayne Phillips

Lewis and Clark National Forest

1101 15th St. North

Great Falls, MT 59403

J. Stephen Shelly

U.S. Forest Service, Region 1

Federal Building

P.O. Box 7669

Missoula, MT 59807

Lisa A. Schassberger

Montana Natural Heritage Program

State Library

1515 E. 6th Ave.

Helena, MT 59620

E. Other information sources: Color slides and field
forms are on file at the office of the Montana

i

33

Natural Heritage Program (see section II. 16 for
address) .

18. Summary of materials on file: All detailed field forms,
maps and color slides are on file at the office of the
Montana Natural Heritage Program. Herbarium vouchers are
deposited as listed in section III. 17. B.

IV. AUTHORSHIP

19. Initial authorship:

Lisa Ann Schassberger
Montana Natural Heritage Program
State Library
1515 E. 6th Ave.
Helena, MT 59620
(406) 444-3009

20. Maintenance of status report: The Montana Natural
Heritage Program will maintain current information and
update the status report as needed. Should the taxon be
listed as an endangered or threatened species by the U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service, the service, through its
Office of Endangered species (Region 6) , should maintain
the primary file of information, encourage others to
provide new information, and distribute new findings, as
received, to the interested parties (section 11.16).

V. NEW INFORMATION

21. Record of revisions: Not currently applicable.

»

34

Literature Cited

Alt, D. and D.W. Hyndman. 1986. Roadside geology of Montana.
Mountain Publishing Press, Missoula, Montana. 427 pp.

Cronquist, A. 1955. Vascular plants of the Pacific Northwest.
Volume 5, Compositae. University of Washington Press,
Seattle. 343 pp.

Cronquist, A. 1991. Letter to Lisa A. Schassberger , Montana

Natural Heritage Program, 1515 E. 6th Ave. Helena, Montana,
dated 11 March 1991.

Dorn, R.D. 1984. Vascular plants of Montana. Mountain West
Publishing, Cheyenne, Wyoming. 27 6 pp.

Hitchcock, C.L. and A. Cronquist. 1973. Flora of the Pacific
Northwest. University of Washington Press, Seattle,
Washington. 730 pp.

Hunt, C.B. 1974. Natural regions of the United States and Canada.
W.H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco. 725 pp.

Kuchler, A.W. 1964. Potential Natural Vegetation of the

conterminous United States. American Geographical Society,
Special Publication No. 36. 63 pp., map.

Lesica, P., G. Moore, K.M. Peterson, and J.H. Rumely. 1984.

Vascular Plants of Limited Distribution in Montana. Monograph
No. 2, Montana Academy of Sciences, Supplement to the
Proceedings, Vol. 43. 61 pp.

Louda, S.M., M.A. Potvin and S.K. Collinge. 1990. Predispersal
seed predation, postdispersal seed predation and competition
in the recruitment of seedlings of a native thistle in
sandhills prairie. American Midland Naturalist 124: 105-113.

Massey, J.R., and P.D. Whitson. 1980. Species biology, the key to
plant preservation. Rhodora 82:97-103.

Moore, R.J., and C. Frankton. 1963. Cytotaxonomic notes on some
Cirsium species of the western United States. Canadian
Journal of Botany 41:1553-1567.

Montagne, C, L.C. Munn, G.A. Nielsen, J.W. Rogers and H.E. Hunter.
1982. Soils of Montana. Montana Agricultural Experiment
Station Bulletin 744. 95 pp.

Ownbey, G.B. 1987. Letter to J.D. Gorman, Lewis and Clark
National Forest, Great Falls, Montana, 5 November 1987.

35

Rees, N.E. 1.911 . Impact of Rhinocyllus conicus on thistles in
southwestern Montana. Environmental Entomology 6:839-842.

Rees, N.E. 1982. Collecting, handling and releasing Rhinocyllus
conicus, a biological control agent of musk thistle. U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook 579. 7 pp.

Rees, N.E. 1987. Letter to J.D. Gorman, Lewis and Clark National
Forest, Great Falls, Montana, 17 September 1987.

Shelly, J.S. 1986. Field surveys in Lewis and Clark, Pondera, and
Meagher counties of 22-24 July. Montana Natural Heritage
Program, Helena.

Shelly, J.S. 1990. Plant species of special concern. Montana
Natural Heritage Program, Helena, Montana. 2 0 pp.

Turner, C.E., R.W. Pemberton, and S.S. Rosenthal. 1987. Host
utilization of native Cirsium thistles (Asteraceae) by the
introduced weevil Rhinocyllus conicus (Coleoptera:
Curculionidae) in California. Environmental Entomology
16:111-115.

U.S. Department of Agriculture. 1988. Sensitive Plant Field Guide,
Region 1. U.S. Forest Service, Northern Region: Range, Air,
Watershed, and Ecology Unit, Missoula, Montana.

U.S. Department of Commerce. 1982. Monthly Normals of

Temperature, Precipitation, and Heating and Cooling Degree
Days 1951-80. National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, Climatography of the United States No. 81.
2 3 pp.

U.S. Department of Interior. 1990. Endangered and threatened
wildlife and plants; review of plant taxa for listing as
endangered or threatened species; notice of review. Federal
Register 50 CFR Part 17: 6184-6229.

Veseth, R. and C. Montagne. 1980. Geologic parent materials of
Montana soils. Montana Agricultural Experiment Station
Bulletin 721: 117 pp.

Visher, S.S. 1954. Climatic Atlas of the United States. Harvard
University Press, Cambridge. 403 pp.

Weed, W.H. 1900. Geology of the Little Belt Mountains, Montana.
U.S. Geological Survey Annual Report 20: 257-461.

36
APPENDIX A.

Element Occurrence Record 3 7

Cirsium lonqistylum

Occurrence number: 001

Global rank: G2Q Forest Service status: WATCH LIST
State rank: S2 Federal Status: C2

Survey site name: MONARCH SE

EO rank:
EO rank comments :

County: CASCADE

USGS quadrangle: MONARCH

Township-range: 015N007E Section: 14 Precision: M
Township-range comments:

Survey date: 1951-08-23 Elevation: 4740
First observation: 1951 Slope/aspect:

Last observation: 1951-08-23 Size (acres) : 0

Location:

LITTLE BELT MOUNTAINS, 3 MILES SOUTHEAST OF MONARCH (TYPE LOCALITY).

Element occurrence data:

UNKNOWN; COLLECTION CONSISTS OF THREE SHEETS, ONE BEARING A ROSETTE
ONLY; DIRECTIONS GIVEN FOR THIS COLLECTION ARE NOT IN THE TOWNSHIP,
RANGE & SECTION GIVEN IN THE BPA RIVERS STUDY.

General site description:

UNKNOWN .

Land owner/manager:

PRIVATELY OWNED LAND (INDIVIDUAL OR CORPORATE)

Comments :

VOUCHER - SENN, FRANKTON & GILLETT (5666), 1951, DAO (HOLOTYPE) ; ALSO
RECORDED IN BPA RIVERS STUDY.

Information source:

MOORE, R.J., AND C. FRANKTON. 1963. CYTOTAXONOMIC NOTES ON SOME
CIRSIUM SPECIES OF THE WESTERN U.S. CAN. J. BOT.41:1553.

Element Occurrence Record - Kootenai National Forest
Montana Natural Heritage Program

Element Occurrence Record 38

Cirsium lonaistvlum

I

Occurrence number: 002

Global rank: G2Q Forest Service status: WATCH LIST
State rank: S2 Federal Status: C2

Survey site name: KINGS HILL

EO rank: D
EO rank comments: 1986: ADJACENT TO ROADS, SOME EVIDENCE

OF POSSIBLE HYBRIDIZATION.

County: MEAGHER
CASCADE

USGS quadrangle: KINGS HILL

Township-range: 012N008E Section: 03 Precision: S

Township-range comments: NE4NE4 , 2N2 , SE4 ; 11N2 ; 12NW4 , 1NW4 ;T13NR8W: 34SE4 , SW4

Survey date: 1987-07-16 Elevation: 7280
First observation: 1951 Slope/aspect:

Last observation: 1990-07-31 Size (acres) : 500

>

»

Location:

LITTLE BELT MOUNTAINS, ENTRANCE TO SHOWDOWN SKI AREA, 0.4 MILE SOUTH
OF KINGS HILL CAMPGROUND ALONG HWY . 89. POPULATION EXTENDS EAST TO THE
TOP OF KINGS HILL AND SOUTH AND EAST ALONG RIDGES.

Element occurrence data:

1986: FREQUENT; 41 PLANTS STUDIED, WITH 32 HAVING FEATURES OF C.
LONGISTYLUM, AND 9 HAVING FEATURES APPARENTLY INTERMEDIATE BETWEEN C.
LONGISTYLUM AND C. HOOKERIANUM. 1990: EXTENDED POPULATION BOUNDARIES,
TENS OF THOUSANDS OF PLANTS.

General site description:

DISTURBED AREAS, ALONG HIGHWAY AND NEAR LARGE TURNOUT, GRAVELLY SURFACE
WITH SANDY SOIL BENEATH, AND IN MEADOWS. ASSOCIATED SPECIES: BROMUS
SPP., CAREX SPP., POA PRATENSIS, ARTEMISIA SPP.

Land owner/manager:

LEWIS & CLARK NATIONAL FOREST, KINGS HILL RANGER DISTRICT
LEWIS & CLARK NATIONAL FOREST, JUDITH RANGER DISTRICT

Comments:

VOUCHERS -RAMSTETTER, J. (7), 1983, MONTU; SENN, FRANKTON & GILLETT
(5670), 1951, DAO; SCHASSBERGER, L. (396), 1990, MN . ADDITIONAL
WATERSHEDS: 10030105 AND 10040103.

Information source:

SCHASSBERGER, L.A. MONTANA NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM, 1515 EAST 6TH
AVE., HELENA, MT 59620.

Element Occurrence Record - Kootenai National Forest
Montana Natural Heritage Program

Element Occurrence Record 39

Cirsium lonaistylum

Occurrence number: 00 3

Global rank: G2Q Forest Service status: WATCH LIST
State rank: S2 Federal Status: C2

Survey site name: FOREST GREEN

EO rank:
EO rank comments:

County: MEAGHER

USGS quadrangle: KINGS HILL

Township-range: 012N008E Section: 32 Precision: M
Township-range comments: NE4

Survey date: 1983-07-14 Elevation: 6000
First observation: 1953 Slope/aspect:

Last observation: 1953- Size (acres) : 0

Location:

LITTLE BELT MOUNTAINS, 2 0 MILES SOUTH OF NEIHART, FOREST GREEN RESORT,

Element occurrence data:

UNKNOWN; FOREST GREEN AREA WAS SEARCHED IN 1983 BY J. RAMSTETTER, BUT
NO PLANTS WHICH COULD BE CONCLUSIVELY IDENTIFIED AS C. LONGISTYLUM
WERE FOUND.

General site description:

MEADOWS, CLEARINGS, AND GRAVELLY ROADSIDES.

Land owner/manager:

PRIVATELY OWNED LAND (INDIVIDUAL OR CORPORATE)

LEWIS & CLARK NATIONAL FOREST, KINGS HILL RANGER DISTRICT

Comments:

VOUCHER-SENN (6207), 1953, DAO ; MENTIONED WITH JUMPING CREEK
CAMPGROUND SITE IN BPA RIVERS STUDY.

Information source:

MOORE, R. J., AND C. FRANKTON . 1963. CYTOTAXONOMIC NOTES ON SOME
CIRSIUM SPECIES OF THE WESTERN U.S. CAN. J. BOT.41:1553.

Element Occurrence Record - Kootenai National Forest
Montana Natural Heritage Program

Element Occurrence Record
Cirsium lonaistvlum

40

Occurrence number: 00 4

Global rank: G2Q
State rank: S2

Forest Service status: WATCH LIST
Federal Status: C2

Survey site name:

EO rank:

EO rank comments:

MONARCH

D

VERY SMALL POPULATION, ADJACENT TO ROAD.

County: CASCADE
USGS quadrangle:

MONARCH

Township-range: 015N007E Section;
Township-range comments: NE4NE4

Survey date: 1983-07-15
First observation: 1983
Last observation: 1986-07-24

03

Precision: S

i

Elevation: 4680
Slope/aspect:
Size (acres) : 1

Location:

FROM MONARCH ON HWY . 89, GO EAST 1 MILE ON DRY FORK ROAD (#120); SITE
IS ON NORTH SIDE OF ROAD.

Element occurrence data:

2 PLANTS IDENTIFIED AS C. LONGISTYLUM; ANOTHER THISTLE POSSIBLY C.
HOOKERIANUM IS ABUNDANT IN THE AREA; ADDITIONAL PLANTS MAY OCCUR ALONG
ROAD #12 0 FOR SEVERAL MILES TO THE EAST; 1 PLANT IDENTIFIED AS C.
LONGISTYLUM DURING 1986 SURVEY.

General site description:

ROCKY, GRAVELLY DITCH BOTTOM; ASSOCIATED WITH DISTURBED GRASSLAND: POA
PRATENSIS, BROMUS INERMIS, PHLEUM PRATENSE.

Land owner/manager: ,

LEWIS & CLARK NATIONAL FOREST, KINGS HILL RANGER DISTRICT

Comments :
NONE.

Information source:

SHELLY, J.S. 1986. FIELD SURVEYS IN LEWIS & CLARK, PONDERA, AND
MEAGHER COUNTIES OF 22-24 JULY.

»

Element Occurrence Record - Kootenai National Forest
Montana Natural Heritage Program

Element Occurrence Record 41

Cirsium longistylum

Occurrence number: 005

Global rank: G2Q Forest Service status: WATCH LIST
State rank: S2 Federal Status: C2

Survey site name: BENDER CREEK TRAIL

EO rank: D
EO rank comments: DISTURBED AREA, ADJACENT TO ROAD AND

NUCLEAR MISSILE SILO.

County: CASCADE

USGS quadrangle: BARKER

Township-range: 015N008E Section: 23 Precision: S
Township-range comments: NE4

Survey date: 1986-07-24 Elevation: 5360
First observation: 1983 - Slope/aspect:

Last observation: 1990-07-22 Size (acres) : 1

Location:

LITTLE BELT MOUNTAINS, CA.9 MILES EAST OF MONARCH, JUNCTION OF TRAIL
#318 (BENDER CREEK TRAIL) AND ROAD #120 (DRY FORK BELT CREEK ROAD) .

Element occurrence data:

1986: 20 PLANTS COUNTED; EVIDENCE OF POSSIBLE HYBRIDIZATION WITH
CIRSIUM HOOKERIANUM. 1990: 10 PLANTS COUNTED.

General site description:

IN GRASSY OPENINGS AND ON ROADSIDE; WITH PINUS PONDEROSA, P. CONTORTA,
PSEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII, ACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM, PHLEUM, LINUM; ADJACENT
TO NUCLEAR MISSILE SILO.

Land owner/manager: .

LEWIS & CLARK NATIONAL FOREST, KINGS HILL RANGER DISTRICT

Comments :

VOUCHERS -RAMSTETTER, J. (2), 1983, MONTU; SHELLY, J.S. (1253b) ANDW.
PHILLIPS, 1986.

Information source:

SCHASSBERGER, L.A. MONTANA NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM, 1515 EAST SIXTH
AVE., HELENA, MT 59620.

Element Occurrence Record - Kootenai National Forest
Montana Natural Heritage Program

Element Occurrence Record 42

Cirsium longistylum

Occurrence number: 00 6

Global rank: G2Q Forest Service status: WATCH LIST
State rank: S2 Federal Status: C2

Survey site name: THOMPSON GULCH/GIPSY CREEK

EO rank:
EO rank comments:

County: MEAGHER

BROADWATER

USGS quadrangle: GIPSY LAKE

BOULDER BALDY
GURNETT CREEK EAST

Township-range: 009N004E Section: 32 Precision: M
Township-range comments: 27 , 28 , 33 , 31, 30;T9NR3E: 25,36

Survey date: 1983-07-18 Elevation: 7400
First observation: 1976 Slope/aspect:

Last observation: 1983-07-18 Size (acres) : 0

»

Location:

SCATTERED IN SUBPOPULATIONS ALONG ROAD #13 9 FOR 6.4 MILES TO THE WEST.

Element occurrence data:

SOME SUBPOPULATIONS HAVE >100 PLANTS; ANOTHER THISTLE POSSIBLY C.
HOOKERIANUM OCCURS IN ALL AREAS (HYBRIDIZATION?) .

General site description:

MOIST FIELDS AND ALONG ROADSIDE; WITH LUPINUS , SOLIDAGO; SPECIES
"OCCURS IN MOIST FIELDS AND ALONG ROADSIDES FOR A 6.4 MI. STRETCH OF
139" (RAMSTETTER, 1983).

Land owner/manager:

HELENA NATIONAL FOREST, TOWNSEND RANGER DISTRICT

Comments:

VOUCHERS -RAMSTETTER, J. (11,13), 1983, MONTU ; DORN, R.D. (2783), 1976,
MONTU; RECORDED IN BPA RIVERS STUDY. SUBPOPULATION INFORMATION ON FILE
AT MTNHP. POPULATION ALSO IN WATERSHED 10030101.

Information source:

RAMSTETTER, J. 1983. SITE SURVEY AND SPECIAL PLANT SURVEY FORMS (SEE
GMF) .

I

Element Occurrence Record - Kootenai National Forest
Montana Natural Heritage Program

Element Occurrence Record 43

Cirsium longistylum

Occurrence number: 0 07

Global rank: G2Q Forest Service status: WATCH LIST
State rank: S2 Federal Status: C2

Survey site name: JUMPING CREEK CAMPGROUND

EO rank:
EO rank comments:

County: MEAGHER

USGS quadrangle: MOOSE MOUNTAIN

Township-range: 012N007E Section: 36 Precision: S
Township-range comments: NE4

Survey date: Elevation: 5920

First observation: 1983 Slope/aspect:

Last observation: 1990-07-27 Size (acres) : 5

Location:

JUMPING CREEK CAMPGROUND (U.S. HWY 89, CA. 17.5 MILES SOUTH OF
NEIHART) .

^ Element occurrence data:

FREQUENT IN MOIST MEADOWS AND IN LIGHTLY-DISTURBED AREAS OF
CAMPGROUND.

General site description:

MOIST MEADOWS AND INTO CAMPGROUND.

Land owner/manager:

LEWIS & CLARK NATIONAL FOREST, KINGS HILL RANGER DISTRICT

Comments:

VOUCHER-RAMSTETTER, J. (9), 1983, MONTU; SCHASSBERGER, L. (398), MN.

Information source:

SCHASSBERGER, L.A. MONTANA NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM, 1515 EAST 6TH
AVE., HELENA, MT 59620.

Element Occurrence Record - Kootenai National Forest
Montana Natural Heritage Program

Element Occurrence Record 44

Cirsium longistylum

Occurrence number: 008

Global rank: G2Q Forest Service status: WATCH LIST
State rank: S2 Federal Status: C2

Survey site name: NEIHART

EO rank:
EO rank comments :

County: CASCADE

USGS quadrangle: BELT PARK BUTTE

Township-range: 014N007E Section: 07 Precision: S
Township-range comments: 22 , 23 , 24 , 25, 26 ;T14NR8E: 19 , 30

Survey date: Elevation: 7000

First observation: 1983 Slope/aspect:

Last observation: 1990-07-27 Size (acres) : 160

Location:

NEIHART; POPULATION EXTENDS V^7EST UP HARLEY CREEK AND NORTH TO UPLAND
MEADOWS .

»

Element occurrence data:

FREQUENT; IN MOIST STREAMSIDE HABITATS AND MOIST MEADOWS OF UPLAND
AREAS .

General site description:

IN OPEN AREAS AND ALONG STREAMS, WITH PHLEUM PRATENSE AND CAMPANULA
ROTUNDIFOLIA.

Land owner/manager:

LEWIS & CLARK NATIONAL FOREST, KINGS HILL RANGER DISTRICT
PRIVATELY OWNED LAND (INDIVIDUAL OR CORPORATE)

Comments:

VOUCHER-RAMSTETTER, J. (3), 1983, MONTU; SCHASSBERGER, L. (403), 1990,
NY; TENTATIVELY ANNOTATED BY CRONQUIST AS C. HOOKERIANUM, 1991,
PREVIOUSLY ANNOTATED C. LONGISTYLUM, G. OWNBEY, 1990.

Information source:

SCHASSBERGER, L.A. MONTANA NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM, 1515 EAST 6TH
AVE., HELENA, MT 59 62 0.

Element Occurrence Record - Kootenai National Forest
Montana Natural Heritage Program

Element Occurrence Record
Cirsium lonqistyluro

45

Occurrence number: 009

Global rank: G2Q
State rank: S2

Survey site name:

EO rank:

EO rank comments:

Forest Service status: WATCH LIST
Federal Status: C2

LONG BALDY

County: JUDITH BASIN

USGS quadrangle;

YOGO PEAK
NEIHART

Township-range: 014N009E Section;
Township-range comments:

Survey date: 1896-08-19
First observation: 1896
Last observation: 1896-08-19

19

Precision: G

Elevation: 8000
Slope/aspect :
Size (acres) : 0

Location:

"LONG BALDY, LITTLE BELT MOUNTAINS."

^ Element occurrence data:
^ UNKNOWN .

General site description:
UNKNOWN

Land owner/manager:

LEWIS & CLARK NATIONAL FOREST, KINGS HILL RANGER DISTRICT

Comments:

VOUCHER - FLODMAN (880), 1896, NY. MOORE & FRANKTON (1963) STATE THAT
THE SITE IS IN JUDITH BASIN COUNTY, I.E., NEAR BIG BALDY MOUNTAIN.
LONG MOUNTAIN AND NEIHART BALDY, IN CASCADE COUNTY, LIE JUST TO THE
WEST, AND MAY ALSO BE THE AREA OF COLLECTION.

Information source:

MOORE, R.J., AND C. FRANKTON. 1963. CYTOTAXONOMIC NOTES ON SOME
CIRSIUM SPECIES OF THE WESTERN U.S. CAN. J. BOT. 41:1553

Element Occurrence Record - Kootenai National Forest
Montana Natural Heritage Program

Element Occurrence Record 4 6

Cirsium longistvlum

I

Occurrence number: 010

Global rank: G2Q Forest Service status: WATCH LIST
State rank: S2 Federal Status: C2

Survey site name: O'BRIEN CREEK

EO rank:
EO rank comments:

County: CASCADE
MEAGHER

USGS quadrangle: KINGS HILL

MOOSE MOUNTAIN
BELT PARK BUTTE

Township-range: 013N008E Section: 28 Precision: S
Township-range comments: NW4 , 29NE4 , CENTER, 30NE4 , 19SW4 , SE4 ,NE4

Survey date: Elevation: 7200

First observation: 1990 Slope/aspect:

Last observation: 1990-07-27 Size (acres) : 800

Location:
I LITTLE BELT MOUNTAINS, WEST OF KINGS HILL ALONG F.S. ROAD #839 FROM
O'BRIEN PARK TO LONE TREE PARK.

Element occurrence data:

PROBABLY HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF PLANTS PRESENT.

General site description:

IN OPEN MEADOWS AND FORESTS AND ALONG ROADWAYS, WITH POA PRATENSE,
KOELERIA MACRANTHA, ASTRAGALUS ALPINA, GERANIUM VISCOSISSIMUM,
ACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM, ASTER OCCIDENTALIS .

Land owner/manager:

PRIVATELY OWNED LAND (INDIVIDUAL OR CORPORATE)

LEWIS & CLARK NATIONAL FOREST, KINGS HILL RANGER DISTRICT

Comments :

VOUCHER - SCHASSBERGER, L. (401), 1990. TENTATIVELY IDENTIFIED BY G,
OWNBEY.

Information source:

SCHASSBERGER, L.A. MONTANA NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM, 1515 EAST 6TH
AVE., HELENA, MT 59620.

»

Element Occurrence Record - Kootenai National Forest
Montana Natural Heritage Program

Element Occurrence Record
Cirsium longistylum

47

Occurrence number: Oil

Global rank: G2Q
State rank: S2

Forest Service status: WATCH LIST
Federal Status: C2

Survey site name:

EO rank:

EO rank comments :

SOUTH FORK DEADMAN CREEK

BC

1986: LARGE POPULATION, PARTIALLY OCCURS

IN DISTURBED AREAS.

County: MEAGHER
USGS quadrangle:

KINGS HILL
SAND POINT

Township-range: 012N008E Section: 24 Precision: S
Township-range comments : S2 , NW4 , 25NE4 , T12NR9E : 19S2 , 2 0SW4 , 3 0NE4 , 29N2

Survey date:

First observation:

Last observation:

1990-07-27

1986

1990-07-27

Elevation: 6800
Slope/aspect:
Size (acres) : 600

Location:

LITTLE BELT MOUNTAINS, SOUTH FORK DEADMAN CREEK DRAINAGE, ALONG LEWIS
^ & CLARK NF RD. #837, CA. 1 MILE FROM US HWY 89 UP INTO SPUR PARK
^ (ALONG ROAD AND ON ADJACENT, LIGHTLY-DISTURBED SLOPES) .

Element occurrence data:

1986: OF 19 PLANTS STUDIED, 3 DISPLAYED FEATURES SUGGESTING HYBRID
CONTACT WITH C. HOOKERIANUM. 1990: FREQUENT; SEVERAL TENS OF THOUSANDS
OF PLANTS.

General site description:

AT LOWER ELEVATIONS: PINUS CONTORTA FOREST ON NE-FACING SLOPE. AT
HIGHER ELEVATIONS (SPUR PARK) : ABIES LASIOCARPA/PINUS ALBICAULIS
PARKLAND, WITH FESTUCA IDAHOENSIS, GEUM TRIFLORUM, POTENTILLA
FRUTICOSA, AND PENSTEMON PROCERUS.

Land owner/manager:

LEWIS & CLARK NATIONAL FOREST, JUDITH RANGER DISTRICT
LEWIS & CLARK NATIONAL FOREST, KINGS HILL RANGER DISTRICT

Comments :

1986: SIGHT RECORD. 1990: VOUCHER, SCHASSBERGER, L.
ADDITIONAL FIELD SURVEY NEEDED THROUGHOUT REGION.

(399) , MN.

Information source:

SCHASSBERGER, L.A. MONTANA NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM, 1515 EAST 6TH
AVE., HELENA, MT 59620.

Element Occurrence Record - Kootenai National Forest
Montana Natural Heritage Program

Element Occurrence Record
Cirsium lonqistylum

48

Occurrence number: 012

Global rank: G2Q
State rank: S2

Forest Service status: WATCH LIST
Federal Status: C2

Survey site name: HAY COULEE

EO rank:
EO rank comments:

County: JUDITH BASIN

USGS quadrangle: WOODHURST MOUNTAIN

Township-range: 014N011E Section:
Township-range comments: CENTER

Survey date:
First observation: 1990
Last observation: 1990-08-07

29

Precision;

Elevation: 5920
Slope/aspect: LEVEL / EAST
Size (acres) : 60

Location:

LITTLE BELT MOUNTAINS, SOUTH OF SAGE CREEK UP HAY COULEE, CA. 15 MILES
WEST OF UTICA.

m Element occurrence data:

FREQUENT; MORE THAN 5,000 INDIVIDUALS.

General site description:

IN OPEN MEADOW, WITH PHLEUM PRATENSE AND GERANIUM VISCOSISSIMUM.

Land owner/manager:

LEWIS & CLARK NATIONAL FOREST, JUDITH RANGER DISTRICT

Comments:

HEAVILY-GRAZED MEADOW. AREA MAY HAVE BEEN BURNED IN THE SAGE CREEK
FIRE OF 1990.

Information source:

SCHASSBERGER, L.A. MONTANA NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM, 1515 EAST 6TH
AVE., HELENA, MT 59620.

Element Occurrence Record - Kootenai National Forest
Montana Natural Heritage Program

Element Occurrence Record
Cirsium lonqistylum

49

Occurrence number: 013

Global rank: G2Q
State rank: S2

Forest Service status: WATCH LIST
Federal Status: C2

Survey site name:

EO rank:

EO rank comments :

BELT CREEK

B

LARGE POPULATION, ADJACENT TO ROAD.

County: CASCADE

USGS quadrangle: NEIHART

Township-range: 013N008E Section;
Township-range comments: N2

15

Precision:

Survey date;

First observation:

Last observation;

1986-07-24

1986

1986-07-24

Elevation: 6080
Slope/aspect:
Size (acres) : 1

Location:

LITTLE BELT MOUNTAINS, BELT CREEK, ALONG US HWY 89, 1 MILE SOUTH OF
JEFFERSON CREEK, CA. 4 MILES SOUTHEAST OF NEIHART.

Element occurrence data:

17 0 PLANTS COUNTED, 85 ON EACH SIDE OF THE CREEK; OF 41 PLANTS
STUDIED, 24 WERE IDENTIFIED AS C. LONGISTYLUM AND 4 AS C.
HOOKERIANUM? ; 13 DISPLAYED CHARACTERISTICS INTERMEDIATE BETWEEN THE
TWO.

General site description:

GRASSY OPENINGS ALONG CREEK, AND NEAR HIGHWAY.

Land owner/manager:

LEWIS & CLARK NATIONAL FOREST, KINGS HILL RANGER DISTRICT

Comments :

SIGHT RECORD, VOUCHER SPECIMEN VOIDED; AREA SURVEYED WITH WAYNE
PHILLIPS, USES, GREAT FALLS.

Information source:

SHELLY, J.S. 1986. FIELD SURVEYS IN LEWIS & CLARK, PONDERA, AND
MEAGHER COS. OF 22-24 JULY.

Element Occurrence Record - Kootenai National Forest
Montana Natural Heritage Program

Element Occurrence Record
Cirsium lonaistvlum

50

Occurrence nvimber: 014

Global rank: G2Q
State rank: S2

Survey site name:

EO rank:

EO rank comments:

Forest Service status: WATCH LIST
Federal Status: C2

PAINE GULCH

B

PLANTS VARIABLE INDICATING POSSIBLE

HYBRIDIZATION; DISTURBED MEADOW

County: CASCADE

USGS quadrangle: MONARCH

Township-range: 015N007E Section:
Township-range comments: W2,11NE4

Survey date: 1987-06-30
First observation: 1987
Last observation: 1987-06-30

12

Precision;

Elevation: 5200
Slope/aspect:
Size (acres) : 2

»

Location:

LITTLE BELT MOUNTAINS, PAINE GULCH, CA. 1.5 - 2.2 MILES UPSTREAM FROM
CONFLUENCE WITH BELT CREEK.

Element occurrence data:

11-50 PLANTS OBSERVED.

»

General site description:
DISTURBED MEADOW.

Land owner/manager:

PAINE GULCH PROPOSED RESEARCH NATURAL AREA

LEWIS & CLARK NATIONAL FOREST, KINGS HILL RANGER DISTRICT

Comments:

POSSIBLE HYBRIDIZATION WITH C. HOOKERIANUM.

Information source:

KRATZ, A. 1987. [FIELD WORK IN PAINE GULCH WITH WAYNE PHILLIPS (USFS) :
29 JUNE - 2 JULY. ]

Element Occurrence Record - Kootenai National Forest
Montana Natural Heritage Program

Element Occurrence Record
Cirsium longistylum

51

Occurrence number: 015

Global rank: G2Q
State rank: S2

Survey site name:

EO rank:

EO rank comments:

Forest Service status;
Federal Status:

SERVOS S MOUNTAIN

WATCH LIST
C2

County: CASCADE
USGS quadrangle:

BARKER

Township-range: 015N008E Section;
Township-range comments: W2

Survey date: 1987-06-30
First observation: 1987
Last observation: 1987-06-30

21

Precision: S

Elevation: 6400
Slope/aspect:
Size (acres) :

Location:

LITTLE BELT MOUNTAINS, SOUTHEAST SIDE OF SERVOSS MOUNTAIN, NORTH OF
DIVIDE BETWEEN RUBY CREEK AND HENN GULCH.

B Element occurrence data:
UNKNOWN .

General site description:

FOUND ALONG A MOTORCYCLE TRAIL.

Land owner/manager:

LEWIS & CLARK NATIONAL FOREST, KINGS HILL RANGER DISTRICT

Comments :

SITE NOT SURVEYED IN DETAIL; BOUNDARY IS APPROXIMATE.

Information source:

KRATZ, ANDREW. LOLO NATIONAL FOREST, BUILDING 24, FORT MISSOULA,
MISSOULA, MT 59801.

Element Occurrence Record - Kootenai National Forest
Montana Natural Heritage Program

Element Occurrence Record
Cirsiuin lonaistvlum

52

Occurrence number: 016

Global rank: G2Q
State rank: S2

Survey site name:

EO rank:

EO rank comments:

Forest Service status;
Federal Status:

LAKE SUTHERLIN

WATCH LIST
C2

County: MEAGHER

USGS quadrangle: VOLCANO BUTTE

Township-range: 010N008E Section;
Township-range comments:

Survey date:
First observation: 1986
Last observation: 1986-07-24

15

Precision: M

Elevation: 5500
Slope/aspect:
Size (acres) : 0

Location:

0.5 MILE EAST OF LAKE SUTHERLIN (CA. 7 MILES NE OF WHITE SULPHUR
SPRINGS) .

f Element occurrence data:
UNKNOWN .

General site description:

IN MOIST MEADOW, WITH ASTER OCCIDENTALIS AND ERIGERON SPP.

Land owner/manager:

PRIVATELY OWNED LAND (INDIVIDUAL OR CORPORATE)

Comments:
NONE.

Information source:

LACKSCHEWITZ , K.H. (11026). 1986. SPECIMEN # 103745. MONTU.

Element Occurrence Record - Kootenai National Forest
Montana Natural Heritage Program

Element Occurrence Record 53

Cirsium lonaistyluin

Occurrence number: 017

Global rank: G2Q Forest Service status: WATCH LIST
State rank: S2 Federal Status: C2

Survey site name: UPPER BEAR GULCH

EO rank:
EO rank comments:

County: JUDITH BASIN

USGS quadrangle: BANDBOX MOUNTAIN

Township-range: 014N010E Section: 26 Precision: S
Township-range comments: SW4SW4 , 27SE4SE4 , 35NW4NW4

Survey date: Elevation: 6280

First observation: 1990 Slope/aspect:

Last observation: 1990-03-28 Size (acres) : 10

Location:

LITTLE BELT MOUNTAINS, UPPER BEAR GULCH, CA. 2 0 MILES WEST OF UTICA,
MT.

B Element occurrence data:
CA. 100 PLANTS.

f

General site description:

SCATTERED ALONG A MEADOW NEAR STREAMSIDE.

Land owner/manager:

LEWIS & CLARK NATIONAL FOREST, JUDITH RANGER DISTRICT

Comments :

VOUCHER - SCHASSBERGER, L. (416), 1990, MN . TENTATIVELY VERIFIED BY G.
OWN BEY .

Information source:

SCHASSBERGER, L.A. MONTANA NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM, 1515 EAST 6TH
AVE., HELENA, MT 59620.

Element Occurrence Record - Kootenai National Forest
Montana Natural Heritage Program

Element Occurrence Record
Cirsium lonqistylum

54

Occurrence number: 018

Global rank: G2Q
State rank: S2

Forest Service status
Federal Status:

WATCH LIST
C2

Survey site name:
EO rank:

EO rank comments:

SKUNK GULCH

County: JUDITH BASIN

USGS quadrangle: BANDBOX MOUNTAIN

Township-range: 014N010E Section:
Township-range comments: NW4,SE4

Survey date:
First observation: 1990
Last observation: 1990-08-07

33

Precision:

Elevation: 6280
Slope/aspect:
Size (acres) : 60

Location:

LITTLE BELT MOUNTAINS, SKUNK GULCH, CA. 12 MILES NORTHEAST OF SAPPHIRE
VILLAGE.

Element occurrence data:

SEVERAL HUNDREDS OF PLANTS, IN FLOWER (TOTAL NOT COUNTED).

General site description:

IN MEADOW ALONG CREEK, WITH FESTUCA SCABRELLA AND GERANIUM
VISCOSISSIMUM.

Land owner/manager:

LEWIS & CLARK NATIONAL FOREST, JUDITH RANGER DISTRICT

Comments:

VOUCHER - SCHASSBERGER, L. (412), 1990, MN. TENTATIVELY IDENTIFIED BY
G. OWNBEY.

Information source:

SCHASSBERGER, L.A. MONTANA NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM, 1515 EAST 6TH
AVE., HELENA, MT 59620.

Element Occurrence Record - Kootenai National Forest
Montana Natural Heritage Program

Element Occurrence Record 55

Cirsium lonqistyluin

Occurrence number: 019

Global rank: G2Q Forest Service status: WATCH LIST
State rank: S2 Federal Status: C2

Survey site name: THORNQUIST GULCH

EO rank:
EO rank comments:

County: MEAGHER

USGS quadrangle: COXCOMBE BUTTE

Township-range: 011N007E Section: 17 Precision: S
Township-range comments: NW4

Survey date: Elevation: 5800

First observation: 1990 Slope/aspect:

Last observation: 1990-07-26 Size (acres) : 30

Location:

LITTLE BELT MOUNTAINS, THORNQUIST GULCH, CA. 13 MILES NORTH OF WHITE
SULPHUR SPRINGS.

Element occurrence data:
CA. 50 PLANTS.

General site description:

NEAR JEEP ROAD, ALONG STREAM.

Land owner/manager:

LEWIS & CLARK NATIONAL FOREST, KINGS HILL RANGER DISTRICT

Comments :

VOUCHER - SCHASSBERGER, L. (397), 1990, NY. TENTATIVELY IDENTIFIED BY
A. CRONQUIST.

Information source:

SCHASSBERGER, L.A. MONTANA NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM, 1515 EAST 6TH
AVE., HELENA, MT 59620.

Element Occurrence Record - Kootenai National Forest
Montana Natural Heritage Program

Element Occurrence Record 56

Cirsium longistylum

Occurrence number: 02 0

Global rank: G2Q Forest Service status: WATCH LIST
State rank: S2 Federal Status: C2

Survey site name: RUSSIAN FLAT

EO rank:
EO rank comments:

County: JUDITH BASIN

uses quadrangle: RUSSIAN FLAT

Township-range: OllNOlOE Section: 11 Precision: S
Township-range comments: NW4 , 10NW4SE4 , NE4 , 12SW4

Survey date: Elevation: 6520

First observation: 1990 Slope/aspect: 5% / EAST

Last observation: 1990-07-24 Size (acres): 80

Location:

LITTLE BELT MOUNTAINS, RUSSIAN CREEK, CA. 18 MILES WEST OF SAPPHIRE
VILLAGE.

Element occurrence data:

THOUSANDS OF PLANTS PLUS SCATTERED INDIVIDUALS EXTENDING TO THE EAST
CA. 1 MILE.

General site description:

LARGE POPULATION IN OPEN MEADOW, WITH POTENTILLA FRUTICOSA, POTENTILLA
DIVERSIFOLIA, ACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM, ANTENNARIA MICROPHYLLA, FESTUCA
IDAHOENSIS, GEUM TRIFLORUM, AND PHLEUM PRATENSE.

Land owner/manager:

LEWIS & CLARK NATIONAL FOREST, JUDITH RANGER DISTRICT

Comments:
NONE.

Information source:

SCHASSBERGER, L.A. MONTANA NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM, 1515 EAST 6TH
AVE., HELENA, MT 59620.

Element Occurrence Record - Kootenai National Forest
Montana Natural Heritage Program

MONTANA

57

Cirsium longistylum

Monarch SE (001)
Paine Gulch (014)

U.S.G.S. Monarch Quadrangle (7.5')

58

O
O

•rH

w

c

•H

(U

60

B

«

>-i

T3

to

3

cy

e

r-l

D

1— 1

I— 1

•r-l

>,

32

4-1

W

w

•H

W)

w:

c

c

•H

o

fcii

•

E

CO

D

•

•r-4

o

CO

«

Vl

CO

•H

•

o

ZD

MONTANA

59

Cirsium longistylum

Forest Green (003)

U.S.G.S. Kings Hill Quadrangle (7.5')

MONTANA

60

Cirsium longis tylum

Monarch (004)

U.S.G.S. Monarch Quadrangle (7.5*)

MONTANA

61

Cirsium longistylum

Bender Creek Trail (005)

U.S.G.S. Barker Quadrangle (7.5')

62

4-J
W
•H

C
O

•H

o

W

.— I-
c .

CO r^
5-1 ^^

cc

vJD

p

c^

O

a

^- — ""

o

XJ

^

0)

<u

0)

u

Ai

o

5

>,

w

>>

ex

cn

•H

o-

e>

•H

""'s^.

o

X

O

T3

1—1

c

■ 3

CO

o

c

^

o

J-)

CO

U-l

!^

OJ

a
o

I— I

5-1
<U

O
CO

IJ-I

o

5

QJ
<U
5-1
O

4-)
4-1

QJ
C
5-1

D

CO
CO

63

O

o

QJ
01
U

w
a

•H

o
^^

D

c
o

OT

o

D

I—:

>^

j->
w

•iH
GO
C
O

o

in

w

01

I— I
&0
c

CO
J-i
Xl
CO

O

i-H

u

3

s

C
CO

?
J-I

4J
CO

QJ
J-I

o

<u

CO

^DNTANA

64

Cirsium longistylum

Jumping Creek Campground (007)

U.S.G.S. Moose Mountain Quadrangle (7.5')

65

<

<
H

O

oo
o
o

J-l

CO
•H

W)

c

CO

u

X)

(0

D

Cr

(U

j-i

J-)

p

CQ

f=

n

AS

r-\

Vj

■>,

CO

4-3

pL,

m

H

4->

ftr

1— <

n

<u

o

CQ

•

i=

CO

T

•

H

O

W

•

U

CO

r-\

•

{-)

o

MONTANA

66

Cirsium longistylum

Long Baldy (009)

U.S

.G.S. Neihart (left) and Yogo Peak (right) Quadrangles (7.5

67

o
o

P-.
c

OJ
•H

U
CQ

o

0)

60

C

CO

U

T)

CO

3

Cr

E

r-4

D

-—1

— 1

•H

D::

OT

CO

r-{

OO

bC

C

c

•H

o

— I

t^

•

E

CO

D

•

H

e>

W

•

^-1

w

H

•

LJ

3

68

•

m

-M

•

c

r^

o

^^

o

CO

^-N

<u

o

.—1

T-H

M

o

C

Vw^

CO

u

^

T3

^-1

CO

CO

D

CU

O

c

^-^

QJ

E

•H

O

^j

4-1

CQ

4-1

-

O

O

^

c

•H

CO

4-)

c

3

o

s

cu

CO

o

o

2

XI

c

CO

a

o

4-1

^-^

<u

4-1

4.)

D

CQ

E

P

^

1— 1

V4

>>

CO

4-)

PL.

CO

•H

4-1

oc

<—i

c

<u

o

DQ

1— 1

•

s

C/D

3

•

•H

O

CO

•

J-l

tn

•H

•

O

o

m

d)

Q)

U

o

c

re

H

Xl

CO

0)

Q

OT

ij-i

<U

O

.—1

OO

^

c

^-1

CO

o

Vj

tx.

X)

CO

X

a

J_)

o-

D

O

^-s

c/:

4J

rC

OO

•H

h

v.^

4J

c

•H

o

p^

T)

C

<a

C/D

TS

c

to

.'->.

4J

U-l

<u

1-1

■^^

e

r-<

D

1— 1

1—1

•H

>^

tc

iJ

CO

CO

•H

W)

bC

c

C

■H

O

I

i^

•

f=

C/3

D

•

-H

o

CO

•

S-l

CO

•H

•

O

HD

MONTANA

70

Cirsium lonsistylum

Hay Coulee (012)

U.S.G.S. Woodhurst Mountain Quadrangle (7.5')

MONTANA

71:

m 42'3a

■■■/ift

329 MILS

IKINGS

3877 I SW

SCALE 1:24 000

0

KINGS HILL P
WHITE SULPh

T=

1000

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 F

I KILOMETER

4 MILS

•jn iofii MarNCTif Mngru

CONTOUR INTERVAL 40 FEET
NATIONAL GEODETIC VERTICAL DATUM OF 1929

£i

Cirsium longistylum

Belt Creek (013)

U.S.G.S. Neihart Quadrangle (7.5')

MONTANA

72

Cirsium longistylum

Servoss Mountain (015)

U.S.G.S. Barker Quadrangle (7.5')

MONTANA

73

Cirsium lon^istylum

Lake Sutherlin (016)

U.S.G.S. Volcano Butte Quadrangle (7.5')

MONTANA

74

Cirsium longis tylum

Upper Bear Gulch (017)

U.S.G.S. Bandbox Mountain Quadrangle (7.5')

MONTANA

75

Cirsium longistyium

Skunk Gulch (018)

U.S.G.S. Bandbox Mountain Quadrangle (7.5')

MONTANA

76

42'30"

Cirsium longistylum

Thornquist Gulch (019)

U.S.G.S. Coxcombe Butte Quadrangle (7.5')

MONTANA-

77

Cirsium longistylum

Russian Flat (020)

U.S.G.S. Russian Flat Quadrangle (7.5')

78
APPENDIX B.

>

79
DEMOGRAPHIC MONITORING TRANSECTS

During 1990, three permanent monitoring transects were established
in populations of C. longistvlum on the Lewis and Clark National
Forest, The purpose of these transects is to provide more detailed
data on the life history and population dynamics of C. longistylum.
Data on survivorship and reproduction are important for
understanding the biology of plants with limited distributions,
especially when attempting to ensure their long-term preservation
(Massey and Whitson 1980) . Data may also indicate whether
population sizes are declining, which may be the result of
infestation by the weevil Rhinocyllus conicus.

STUDY SITES: The locations and the geographic details for
each of the three transect locations, are as follows:

1. Russian Creek: Little Belt Mountains, South Fork of the
Judith River drainage, just west of lower Russian Creek,
Judith Basin County. Take Forest Rd. # 487 (South Fork
of Judith River) ca. 22 miles southwest of Utica,
Montana. From Forest Rd. # 487, travel 0.15 mile south
on Forest Rd. # 2013; site is just east of road before
reaching a small drainage in meadow; TUN, RIOE, Section
11, SE^NW^iNW^. Location is mapped on a U.S.G.S.
topographic map Figure A, p. 80.

From plot center:

63° and 84 paces to the first tall tree in
gully.

33° and 71 paces to short dead snag (the one to
the right) .

198° and 27 paces to post at roadside.

Elevation: 6520 feet

■Slope: level to 3 percent

Aspect: ENE

MONTANA

U.S.G.S. Russian Flat Quadrangle (7.5')

Figure A. Location of Russian Creek permanent study plot

Cirsium longistylum, Judith Basin County, Montana

81

Kings Hill: Little Belt Mountains, just west of Kings
Hill Pass, Meagher County. From the top of Kings Hill
Pass, take Forest Rd. # 487 southeast to a point 0.1 mile
before it intersects with Forest Rd. # 251. Plot is
southwest of the Forest Rd. # 487; T12N, R8E, Section 2,
SEJiSE<iNW<i . Location is mapped on a U.S.G.S. topographic
map Figure B, p. 82.

From plot center:

121° and 22.5 paces to a cluster of stumps (14'
high) .

174° and 22.5 paces to tree with dead top.

240° and 15 paces to dead tree.

Elevation: 7880 feet

Slope: 15 percent

Aspect: SW

MONTANA

82

U.S.G.S. Kings Hill Quadrangle (7.5')

Figure B. Location of Kings Hill permanent study plot,
Cirsium longistylum, Meagher County, Montana

83

Neihart: Little Belt Mountains, 3 miles
northwest of Neihart, Montana, Cascade County.
From Neihart, travel south 1.5 miles on Hwy.
89, turn west on Forest Rd. # 834 (Harley Creek
Road) and travel ca. 4 miles to intersection
with Belt Park Road. Turn left and head south
for 0.5 mile. Site is south east of road in
small meadow; T14N, R7E, Section 27, NE'^NE^NEi;.
Location is mapped on a U.S.G.S. topographic
map Figure C, p. 84.

From plot center:

145° and 25.5 paces to standing dead tree.

55° and 28 paces to a cluster of spruce
trees.

227° and 17 paces to a pair of small
lodgepole next to road.

Elevation: 6960 feet

Slope: 17 percent

Aspect: NE

MONTANA

84

U.S.G.S. Belt Park Butte Quadrangle (7.5')

Figure C. Location of Neihart permanent study plot,
Cirsium longistylum, Cascade County, Montana

85

METHODS: At each of the three sites described
above, a piece of re-bar approximately four feet
long was driven into the center of a plot to a depth
of two feet and painted bright orange. Plot radii
varied depending on the density of plants at a site,
but ranged from 15 (4.6 m) to 39 feet (11.9 m) . A
measuring tape was hooked over the center pin and
held at about 6 inches from the top by a knot.
Starting at north, the direction (in degrees) and
distance (in feet and inches) to the first plant
from the stake was recorded, along with the
phenological status of the plant (and hence around
in a circle v/ithin the specified radius until all
plants were recorded) . Plants were placed in size
classes that appeared to best relate to age. These
included:

R = Rosette

Rs = small rosette, 1 whorl of basal leaves
Rm = medium rosette, 2 whorls of basal leaves
Rl = large rosette, > 2 whorls of basal leaves

P = Plant that has bolted.

Ph(x)= Plant with (x) number of open,
flowering heads

Pb(x)= Plant with (x) number of closed heads
(involucral bracts completely
enclosed flowers)

Dead - a dead stem from the previous year

Thus, a plant that had three flowering heads and
three unopened heads would be recorded as Ph3b3 .
Ph(x)b(x)h(x)b(x) indicates a plant with more than
one flowering stem per rosette.

Lower Russian Creek (plot radius = 39')

24 July 1990

Direction from

Distance

' from

center stake

stake

( in deqrees)

(in feet

1 n

1 inches)

357

18'

5.5"

350

14'

0.5"

339

K'

10"

339

7'

10.5"

338

29'

6"

Plant

Rs

Rm

Ph4b2
Rl
Rm

86

336

336

328

312

312

311

311

307

289

288

285

285

281

272

272

264

264

264

263

256

256

256

256

256

255

255

254

253

253

253

252

251

248

246

246

243

242

242

242

238

238

238

238

236

233

232

231

223

210

210

207

192

189

186

185

185

174

172

172

170

169

167

167

166

165

162

160

158

151

151

150

150

17'

3"

12'

4.5"

24'

10"

25'

9"

7'

19

4.5"

8'

10.5"

35'

9.5"

U'

7.5"

6'

3.5"

3'

11.5"

29'

3"

29'

5.5"

22'

6.5"

30'

3.5"

36'

18'

4"

17'

5"

24'

0.5"

22'

8.5"

11'

3"

13'

9"

13'

11"

Il-

11"

ls-

1.5"

16-

5"

20'

•

19'

10"

19'

7"

23'

4.5"

12'

1"

11'

3"

18'

8"

■ 19-

6"

19'

2"

18'

1.5--

19'

0.5"

21'

5"

29'

28-

4"

16-

6.5"

17-

6"

3'

21-

8"

16-

9.5"

16-

4.5"

8'

1"

11-

5.5"

8<

6"

12'

9"

10'

7"

16"

1"

17'

8.5"

28'

7"

29'

4"

36'

8"

28'

1"

37'

32'

10"

11'

8"

15'

34'

4.5"

17'

5"

35'

8.5"

23'

9"

35'

9.5"

30"

6.5"

33'

9"

37-

29'

18-

9.5"

32-

7"

Ph9b6

Rm

Rl

Rm

Rm

Ph3

Ph5b5

Rl

Rm

Rl

Rm

Rl

Rl

Dead

Rs

Phl5b30

Ph8b12

Ph9b9

Rs

Ph16b15

Rm

Ph5b4

Rm

Rs

Rs

Rm

Rs

Rs

Rs

Ph2b3

Ph7b5

Rl

Rs

Rs

Rs

Rs

Rs

Rm

Ph9b3h1b4

Ph5b10

Ph7b4

Rs

Ph9b16

Rs

Rm

Dead

Rl

Rl

Rm

Ph6b4

Rl

Ph5b2

Rs

Rs

Rm

Rs

Rm

Rs

Rm

Ph8b9

Dead

Rs

Rm

Rm

Rl

Rs

Rs

Rs

Rs

Ph12b5

Rl

Ph8b5

87

Rs

^L^K ^f' 3.3" ^^

],i 91:1 ■?'• Ph9b4h5b2

143

143
141
140

]\l fr. \n» Ph7b5

129

119

116

113

97

72

67

63

62

60

60

53

52
52
51
47
45
45
45
45

32
32
18
17

20'

9"

17'

5.5"

25'

5"

24'

7.5"

29'

7"

32'

1"

17'

10"

14'

3"

15'

7"

31'

2"

13'

5"

35"

7'

1"

29'

31'

6"

22'

10"

18'

4.5'

4'

10.5"

33'

5"

25'

4"

24'

6"

17'

8"

30'

11"

36'

9"

31'

3"

33'

5.5"

36'

5.5"

34'

10"

8'

3"

29'

3"

36'

10"

28'

2.5"

27'

2"

Rm

Ph11b12

Rl

Rm

Ph7b6

Ph15b7

Rl

Dead

Ph7b13

Ph23b11

Rl

Rl

Ph6b6

Rm

Ph11b6

:i •>Li All Ph16b6

Rl
Rl

Ph6b6
Ph4b5
Rl

Ph9b7
Ph9b7
- Rs
^^ ^o, ^« Ph4b1h1b2h3b2h4b3h4b2

Ph12b5

Rm

Ph6b3

ius = 15 ')

Direction from

Distance

from

center stake

stake

( in deqrees)

(in feet in

inches)

359

10-

10"

357

7'

345

8'

337

10'

10"

306

5'

9"

306

4'

2"

296

7'

2"

275

13'

11"

272

13'

9"

270

13'

8"

269

12'

267

13'

1"

265

11'

11"

265

12'

7"

260

9'

6"

260

13'

10"

260

12'

10"

260

13'

3"

255

8"

6"

255

11'

2"

249

7'

8"

248

8'

2"

245

11'

4"

245

14'

7"

245

13'

10"

245

13'

10"

244

17'

5"

239

3'

10"

30 July 1990

Plant

Rm

Pb9

Ph1b5

Ph1b9

Rs

Ph2b3h3b1h2b2

Ph7b5

Rs

Rl

Ph1b5b1

Rm

Rm

Rm

Rm

Rm

Rs

Rm

Ph1b2

Ph1b14b10

Rl

Ph7b15

Rs

Rs

Rs

Rs

Rs

Rs

Rm

88

239 2, i„ Rm

239
239
236
235
235
235
235

235 ^, ,.„ Ph10b26

227
226
226

222 ^. „,• Ph1b3

222 ;, 2" Ph3b9

222 ,, „„ , PhlbS

222

221

221

219

219

219

219

216

211

211

?H IT. R.. Ph5b24

210

210

208

208

208

208

208

208

208

208

207

207

207

204

204

204

204

204

203

203

203

203

200

197

195

195

195

195

193

184
177
175

162

162

155

155

155

150

150

142

139

128

104

8>

10"

7'

1"

7'

11"

14-

3"

IT

9'

6"

14'

8"

12'

11"

13'

8"

12'

10"

14'

6"

8'

7"

11'

9"

12'

11"

13'

2"

10'

8"

11'

9"

9'

5"

8'

8"

11'

1"

12'

3"

11'

8"

3'

8"

10'

6"

12'

12'

9"

12'

6"

13'

8"

12'

3"

12'

4"

10-

9"

9'

9"

8"

6"

10'

9"

9'

8"

13'

9'

12'

7"

13'

5"

8'

7"

6'

1"

9'

10"

13'

4"

12'

13'

9"

6'

7"

14'

5"

3'

8"

11'

11"

12'

10"

7'

2"

13'

6"

U'

7"

14'

2"

14'

6"

14'

4"

9'

10"

U'

8"

10'

13'

7'

10"

12'

5"

11'

10"

12'

4"

14'

7"

13'

8"

3'

2"

3'

5'

8"

8'

7"

13'

10"

6'

1"

Rm
Rs
Rs
Rm
Rs
Rs
Rs

Ph1b7

Rs

Rs

Rs
Rs

Rm

Ph1b4

Rm

Ph1b5

Rs

Phlb8

Rm

Rm

Rl
Rl
Rl

Rs

Ph1b4
Rl
Rs

Rs

Rs

Rm

Ph1b7

Ph1b2

Rm

Rm

Rl

Pb4

Rm

Rs

Rm

Rm

Ph1b8

Rm

Rs

Rm

Rm

Rm

Rs

Rl

.J lii 8" Ph4b12

Ph5b4
Rm

],i, 191 5" Ph3b3h4b2

Rm
Rm
Rl
Rm

Rs

Rs

Ph5b4

Rl

Ph6b10

Ph1b17

89

98 5' 3" Rm

45 12' 5" PhlbS

40 5' 5" Rl

21 14' 4" Rm

5 13' 6" Rs

5 14' 11" Rl

5'

3"

12'

5"

5'

5"

14'

4"

13'

6"

14'

11"

11'

11"

13'

8"

9'

7"

13'

8"

9'

7"

12'

2"

12'

2"

5 11' 11" Rm

5 131 8" Pb5

3 91 7" Rm

3 13' 8" Rs

3 9' 7" Rra

2 12' 2" Rm

2 12' 2" Rm

Neihart (plot radius = 15 ')

31

July 1990

Direction from

Distance from

center stake

stake

( in degrees)

(in feet

in inches)

360

10-

10"

359

14'

8"

359

6'

1"

342

7'

4"

342

6'

6"

341

15'

341

6'

10"

340

IT

3"

340

11'

2"

340

7'

6"

339

ID-

8"

339

S'

8"

339

5'

7"

335

14'

6"

335

11'

2"

335

8'

335

7'

8"

335

7'

335

6'

11"

330

14-

4.1

330

8'

330

5'

9"

329

12'

3"

320

14'

8"

318

14'

7"

290

4'

7"

285

13'

5"

284

13'

2"

284

11'

7"

279

11'

6"

279

10'

10"

264

12'

9"

264

11'

1"

260

13'

3"

260

10'

1"

255

13'

2"

255

11'

4"

252

13'

9"

252

13'

7"

252

12'

7"

252

IT

6"

250

12'

7"

250

12'

5"

250

12'

2"

247

12'

2"

246

IT

4"

220

10'

10"

Plant

Rs
Rs

Rtn

Ph8

Rs

Phl0b3

Rs

Rm

Rm

Rs

Rl

Ph5b2

Rs

Rl

Phl9b3

Rs

Rm

Rm

Rm

Phl4b2

Dead

Rl

Rl

Rm

Rm

Pb4b2

Rm

PhlO

Ph2b4hl5b2h3b3

Rm

Rm

Rm

Rs

Rm

Rs

Rm

Rm

Rl

Ph7b2

Rl

Ph9b3

Rm

Rl

Rm

Rm

Rs

Rs

90

Rm

21° I. I, RS

210 2 f ^^

207 ' ;.. Rl

203 2 V_ 1^^

201

201 l, ;,. Rm

201 I, l„ Rm

201 ^; L Rl

201 2. I, . Ph12b2

19i ,, ^„ Rm

193

188

188 ;^; " ph8W

181

177

YA K- 11" «■"

75 1^' 3" «S

^i' IT, 1111 Rm

174
168
168
162
162

157 1' ° oi

,/, 13' 8" "^

1'^2 ^, .„ Phl3b3

142
142

139 r„ inn Ph17b5

1Z4

13'

7"

10'

1"

9'

9"

9'

6"

2'

9"

9'

4"

2'

9"

7'

5"

5'

7"

5'

7"

4'

7"

2'

5"

9-

7"

4'

5"

15-

U'

11"

12'

15'

3"

15'

3"

K'

11"

14'

3"

13'

11"

12'

3"

12'

3"

14'

9"

14"

11"

IT

6"

13'

8"

10'

9"

10'

8"

14'

3"

12'

10"

7"

2"

3'

7"

14'

10"

12'

4"

7'

1"

15'

4'

3"

2'

4"

8'

6"

6'

4"

3'

9"

4'

7'

4'

10"

14'

2"

6'

9"

13'

8"

10'

6"

10'

5"

13'

8"

11'

4"

13'

9"

5'

4"

12'

6"

13'

2"

12'

11"

6'

11"

12'

4"

12'

4"

11'

10"

12'

3"

12'

1"

5'

5"

12'

7"

12'

9"

14'

9"

14'

9"

11'

4"

12'

3"

6'

6"

Rm

Rs
Rs

Rs
Rs

Rs
Rs
Rs
Rs

Rs

Rs

Rm

Rm

Ph8b3

Rl

Rm

Rl

Rl

Rl

Rl

Ph9bl

Ph5blh5b4

Ph8b2

Rs

18 '■ '■■

115
115
115
110
107
107
102
92
90
90
^9 '", in» Phlhlhlhlhl

55
55
51
51
50
48
48
47
47
44
43
43
43
32
32
32
30
31
31

27

27

23

23

20

19

19

Rs

Rm

Rl

Rs

Rl

PhKb6

Ph6b6

Ph3b2

Dead

Rs

Rs

Rs

Rs

Rs

Rs

Rs

Rm

Rm

Rm

Rm

Rm

Rs

Rs
Rl
Rs
Rm

91

16

16

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

6

6

5

5

5

5

5

3

3

3

2

2

2

2

2

2

7'

10'

1"

8'

6"

8'

7'

7'

6'

9"

6'

7"

6'

3"

5'

11"

9'

6"

8'

2"

9'

9"

9'

4"

8'

6"

8'

2"

13"

9"

11'

3"

11'

6"

10'

8"

11'

7"

10'

11"

9'

5"

6'

11"

6'

11"

6'

5"

Phllbl

Rm

Rm

Rs

Rs

Rs

Rs

Rm

Rm

Rs

Rm

Rm

Rm

Dead

Rl

Rm

Rm

Rl

Rm

Rm

Rm

Ph15b3

Rm

Rm

Rm

Rm

MONTANA
STATE

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