ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM EDITED BY LEWELLYS F. BARKER, M.D. (TORONTO), LLD. (QjJEENS; McGlLL) ASSOCIATE EDITORS ENDOCRINOLOGY METABOLISM R. G. HOSKINS HERMAN O. MOSENTHAL PH.D. (HARVARD). M.D. (JOHNS HOPKINS) M.D. (COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY) BIOLIOGRAPHY GENERAL INDEX VOLUME 5 BS'. Q- 333 D. APPLETON AND COMPANY NEW YORK LONDON 1922 COPYRIGHT, 1922, BY D. APPLETON AND COMPANY PRINTED IV THE UNITED STATES OP AMERICA CONTENTS BIBLIOGRAPHY VOLUME 1 SECTION PAGE I. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING ENDOCRINOLOGY . 3 II. THE THYROID GLAND AND ITS DISEASES 45 III. THE PARATHYROID GLANDS AND THEIR DISEASES .... 91 IV. HYPOPHYSIS CEREBRI AND ITS DISEASES 115 VOLUME 2 I. THE PINEAL GLAND AND ITS DISEASES 161 II. THE SUPRARENAL GLANDS, INCLUDING THE CHROMAFFIN SYSTEM AND THE INTERRENAL SYSTEM, AND THEIR DISEASES . . 167 III. THE THYMUS GLAND AND ITS DISEASES 221 IV. THE MALE GONADS AND THEIR DISEASES 235 V. THE PROSTATE AS AN ENDOCRINE ORGAN 235 VI. THE FEMALE GONADS AND THEIR DISEASES 235 VII. THE MAMMARY GLANDS IN THEIR ENDOCRINE RELATIONSHIPS 285 VIII. THE PLACENTA AS AN ENDOCRINE ORGAN 285 IX. THE SPLEEN AS AN ENDOCRINE ORGAN 295 X. THE INTERNAL SECRETION OF THE LIVER AND ITS DISORDERS 303 XI. THE INTERNAL SECRETION OF THE PANCREAS AND ITS DISORDERS 313 XII. THE SALIVARY GLANDS, STOMACH AND INTESTINES AS ENDO- CRINE ORGANS 323 XIV. GlGANTISM, DWARFISM, INFANTILISM ........ 329 XV. THE ENDOCRINE ORGANS IN THEIR INTERRELATIONSHIPS . . 329 VOLUME 3 A HISTORY OF METABOLISM 345-509 I. DIETARY CONSTITUENTS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES 345-509 II. A NORMAL DIET 345-509 III. BODY TISSUES AND FLUIDS . . . . . . . . . . . 345-509 iii iv CONTENTS SECTION IV. EXCRETIONS 345-509 V. NORMAL PROCESSES OF ENERGY METABOLISM 345-509 VI. BACTERIAL METABOLISM, NORMAL AND ABNORMAL WITHIN THE BODY 346-509 VII. THE EFFECTS OF CERTAIN DRUGS AND POISONS UPON THE METABOLISM 346-509 VOLUME 4 I. GENERAL PATHOLOGICAL METABOLISM 511-694 II. SPECIAL PATHOLOGICAL METABOLISM 511-694 GENERAL INDEX 695 Bibliography VOLUME 1 SECTION I General Considerations Regarding Endocrinology Introduction R. G-. HOSKINS History of Endocrin Doctrine FIELDING H. GARRISON Organotherapy and Hormonotherapy. . . .JOHN T. HALSEY Ovarian Therapy EMIL NOVAK Relations between the Endocrin Organs and the Autonomic Nervous System .... FRANCIS M. POTTENGER Hormone Factors in Growth and Develop- ment EDUARD UHLENHUTH Abderhalden (E.). (a) Studien iiber die von einzelnen Organen hervorgebrachten Substanzen mit spezifischer Wirkung. I. Verbindungen, die einen Einftuss auf die Entwicklung und den Zustand bestimmter Gewebe ausuben. Arch. f. d. ges. Physiol., Bonn, 1915, CLXII, 99-128. (b) Weitere Studien iiber die von einzelnen Organen hervorgebrachten Substanzen mit spezifischer Wirkung. Arch. f. d. ges. Physiol., Bonn, 1919, CLXXVI, 236-262, 4 pi. Abel (J. J.) and Kubota (S.). 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HOWARD Hypothyroidism, Cretinic Degeneration. . . .NELSON W. JANNEY Tests for Thyroid Disorders EMIL GOETSCH Abderhalden (E.) and Slavtl. Ueber die Ausschiedung der in Form von 3, 5 -Dijod- l-tyrosin u. s. w. in den Organismus des Hundes eingefuhrten Jods. Ztsuhr. f. physiol. Chem., Strassburg, 1909, LXI, 405-412. Abelin (J.). Beitrdge zur Kenntniss der physiologischen Wirkung der proteinogen Aminewirkung auf der Stickstoff-Stoffwechsel schilddriisenloser Hundes,. Biochem. Zlschr., BerL, 1919, XCIII, 128. Abrikosofi (A. t.). Anatomische Befunde in einem Falle von Myxodem. Virch* Arch., 1904, 177, 426. Ackermann. tJber die Cretinen, eine besondere Menschenart in den Alpen. 1790. Adami (J. G.). On the Etiology and Symptomatology of Goitre. Montreal Med. Jour., 1900, XXIX, 1. Addis (T.) and Kerr (W. J.). Relative frequency in recruits with and without thyroid enlargement of certain signs and symptoms which occur in neuro-circulatory asthenia. Arch. Int. 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Glucose tolerance in health and disease. Arch. Int. Med., Chicago, 1917, XIX, 311-334. Williams (L.). Adenoids and Nocturnal Enuresis. Brit. Jour. Child. Diseases, 1909, VI, 241. Williams (T. A.). Endocrinological Problems. EndocrinoL, Los Angeles, 1917, I, 11-13. Williamson (R. L.). The relation of Graves? 's disease to diabetes and glycosuria. Lancet, Lond., 1919, II, 425-426. Wilms (M.). Experimentelle Erzeugung und Ursche des Kopfes. Deutsche med. Wochenschr., 1910, XXXVI, 664. Wilson (L. B.). (a) The pathological changes in the thyroid gland, as related to the varying symptoms in Graves's disease: based on the pathological findings in 294 cases. Am. J. M. 8c., Phila., 1908, n. s., CXXXVI, 851-861, 15 pi. (b) The pathology of the thyroid gland in exophthalmic goitre. Am. J. M. fife., Phila. & N. Y., 1913, CXLVI, 781-790, 1 tab. (c) A study of the pathology of thyroids from cases of toxic non-ex- ophthalmic goiter. J. Lancet, Minneapolis, 1914, XXXIV, 93-97. (d) The pathological changes in the muscular and nervous systems in goiter. Collect. Papers Mayo Clinic, 1915, VII, 488-447. (e) Further Study of the histopathology of the autonomic nervous system in goiter. Jr. Lab. and Clin. Med., St. Louis, 1916-17, II, 295-307. 90 BIBLIOGKAPHY [vol. 1, § ii /f) Experimental lesions in the cervical sympathetic ganglia in rela- tion to exophthalmic goiter. Am. J. M. fife., Phila., 1918, CLVI, 553- 557. Witson (L. B.) and Kendall (E. C.). The relationship of the pathological histology and the iodin compounds of the human thyroid. Am. Jr. Med. Set., Phila., 1916, CL1, 19-91. Wnlfenden (N K ) A new point in the diagnosis of Graves's disease. Practitioner, ' Lond., 1887, XXXIX, 422-429. \\7niff t\W \ and Onn (O ) Beitraq zur Frage des Verhaltens der Bromsalze im Organismu's Med. klin., Berl., 1912, VIII, 647-649. Wolff er (A.). Ueber die Enttvicklung und den Ban des Kropfe®. 210 pp., 19 pi., 8°. Berl., A. Eirschwald, 1883. Wnndhurv (M S.). 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(b) Ueber den Nukleasegehalt verschiedener Organe des Menschen und der Tiere. Biochem. Ztschr., 1911, XXXI, 377-382. (c) Die Schilddriise und die Fermentative Prozesse. Ztschr. f. physiol. Chem., Strassburg, 1911, LXXV, 141-168. Zentmayer (W.). The Eye and the Endocrine Organs. Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1917, LXIX, 1. Zielinska (M.). Beitrage zur Kenntnis der normalen u. striimosen Schilddruse des Menschen und des Hundes. Virchow's Arch. f. path. Anat. (etc.), Berl, 1894, CXXXV1, 170-194, 1 pi., 6 fig. Ziillig (J.). Ueber Papillome der Schilddruse. Virchow's Arch f path Anat fete.), Berl, 1910, CCII, 18-38. Zunz (E.). (a) Sur la teneur en iode du corps thyro'ide de I'homme. Reunion soc. beige biol, 1919, 894-895. (b) Sur la teneur en azote et en residu sec du thymus et du corps thyroide chez I'homme et our les rapports pondereux entre ces deux organes. Reunion soc. lelge biol, 1919, 1980-1982 SECTION III The Parathyroid Glands and Their Diseases Anatomy, Histology and Embryology E. V. COWDRY Physiology, Physiological Chemistry and Experimental Pathology SUTHERLAND SIMPSON Pathological Anatomy and Histology. . . . OSKAB KLOTZ Clinical Syndromes, especially Tetany . . . . LEWELLYS F. BARKER Abercrombie (J.). On tetany in young children. Thesis, Lond., 1880, Bailliere, Tindall & Co., 28 pp., 8°. Achelis (W.). Uber das Vorkommen von Methylguanidin im normal Mensvhenharn. Zentralbl. f. Physiol, Leipz., 1906, XX, 455. Albertoni (P.). Ricerche sulle modificazioni del sangue in seguito all' estirpazione dell apparecchio tiroparatiroideo. Mem. accad. d. sc. d. ist. di Bologna, 1912, VIII, 191-199. Atquier (L.). Pathogenic de la maladie de parkinson. Gaz. d. hop., POT.. 1903, LXXVI, 685-717. Atthaus (J.). On tetany and tetanilla. Boston M. & 8. J., 1886, CXV, 389; 417. Aran (P. A.). Note sur unc epidemic de contracture essentielle observee chez des sujets affectes de fievre-typhoids. L'Union med., Par., 1855. IX, 341. Arnason (J. S.) and Vincent (S.). Relationship between thyroid and parathyroid. Tr. Roy. 8oc. Canada, Ottawa, 1917, XI, 121-122. Askanazy (M.). (a) Uber Ostitis deformans ohne osteoides Gewebe. Arb. a. d. Geb. d. path. Anat. . . . Inst. zu Tubingen, Leipz., 1904, VI, 398-422. (b) Diskussion. Uber ein Adenom der Glandula Parathyroidea. Verhandl. d. deutsuh. Gesellsch. f. path., 1906, X, 85-100. Baber (E. C.). Researches on the minute structure of the thyroid gland. Proc. Roy. Soc., Lond., 1880-81, XXXI, 279-282. Babinski (J.) and Barre (A.). Myasthenie; alterations d type Paget des os du crane; lesions de certaines glandes d secretion interne. Rev. neurol., Par., 1914. XXVIL 786. Barger (G.) and Dale (H. H.). The presence in ergot and physiological activity of ff-imidazolethylamine. Proc. Physiol. Soc., 1910, pp- 38-40. Berkeley (W. N.) and Beebe (S. P.). Parathyroid treatment of paralysis agitans. Med. Rec., N. Y., 1916, XC, 105-106. Barker (L. F.)* Tetany. In his "Clinical Diagnosis of Internal Diseases," N. Y., 1916, III, 899-911. 91 92 BIBLIOGEAPHY [vol. 1, § iii Barker (L F) and Estes (W. L.). Family hematoporphyrinuria and its asso- ciation with chronic gastro-duodenal dilatation, peculiar fits, and acute polyneuritis; a preliminary report. J. Am. M. Assn., Chicago, 1912, LIX, 718-719. Barker (L. F.) and Sprunt (T. P.). Manifest tetany during paroxysmal hy- perpnea in a post-encephalitic convalescent. Trans. Assn. Am. Phys., Phila., 1921. Barrett (AM) Psychosis associated with tetany. Am. J. In'san., Utica, N. Y., 1920, LXXVI, 373. Bauer (T ) Uber das Verhalten der Epithelkorperchen bei der Osteomalacia. Frank- furt. Ztschr. f. Path., Wiesbaden, 1911, VII, 231-237, 1 pi. Beebe (S. P.). The inhibition of tetania parathyreopriva by extracts of the para- thyroid gland. Proc. Am. Physiol. 8oc., Bost.} 1907, p. 13. Benjamins (C. E.). Ueber die Glandulae parathyroideae (Epithelkorperchen). ' Beitr. z. path. Anat. u. z. allg. Path., Jena, 1902, XXXI, 143-182, 5 pi. Berard (L.) and Alamartine (H.). Les parathyroides externes de I'homme. Compt. rend. Soc. de biol., Par., 1909, 619-621. Berkeley (W. N.). (a) Some studies in the physiology, comparative anatomy and pathology of the parathyroid glandules. Presbyterian Hospital Re- ports, N. Y., 1906, VII, 170-184. (b) Parathyroid treatment of paralysis agitans. Internat. Clin., Phila., 1912, IV, 1-15. Also Med. Rec., N. Y., 1916, XC, 105-106. Berkeley (W. N.) and Beebe (S. P.). (a) A contribution to the physiology and chemistry of the parathyroid gland. J. Med. Research, Bost., 1909, XX, 149-173. (b) Parathyroid treatment of paralysis agitans. Internat. Clin., Phila., 1912, 22, s., IV, 1-15. Biedl (A.). Glandulae parathyreoideae. Exstirpationsversuche. Die parathyreo- prive Tetanie bei Tieren. In: Innere Sekretion. (Biedl), 2 Aufl. I Teil., Berl. & Wien, 1913, Urban & Schwarzenberg, 79-145, 8°. Singer (C.). Toxicity of phosphates, in relation to blood calcium and tetany. J. Pharm. & Exper. Ther., Baltimore, 1917=18, X, 105-120. Blumreich (L.) and Jacoby (M.). •Experiment elle Untersuchungen uber die Be- deutung der Schilddruse und ihrer Nebendriisen fur den Organismus. Arch. f. gesi Physiol., Bonn, 1896, LXIV, 1-52. Bobeau (G.). (a) Mitochondries et lipoides dans les glandules parathyroides du cheval. Compt. rend. assn. anat., Par., 1911, CLXXXIII, 187. (b) Recherches cytologiques sur les glandules parathyroides du cheval. Par., 1911. Alcan, 43 pp., 8°. Bogen (H.). Spasmophilie und Calcium. Monatschr. f. Kinderhk., Leips., 1907, VI, 228-241. Bolten (G. C.). (a) Epilepsie en tetanie. Geneesk. Bluit Klin, en Lab. v. de Prakt., Haarlem, 1916-17, XIX, 302-345. (b) De area celsis als verschijnsel van latente tetanie. Nederl, Tijdschr. Geneesk., Amsterdam, 1917, I, 24. THE PARATHYROID GLANDS AND THEIR DISEASES 93 Bd r chef (E.). Dauerheilung einer lebenbedrohend rostoperativen Tetanie durch homioplastische Epithelkorpertransplantation. Zentralbl. f. Chir. Leipz., 1919, XLVI, 34-37. Bdse (J.) and Lorenz (H.). Kropf, Kropfoperation und Tetanie (Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Tetania parathyreopriva). Wien. med. Wchnschr., 1909, LIX, 2225; 2321. Bostock (G.). Quoted by Paton and Findlay, p. 324- Bouveret (L.) and Devic (E.). Kecherches cliniques et experimentalea sur la tetanie d'origine gastrique. Rev. de med., Par., 1892, XII, 4$ ; 97. Bramwell (B.). A case of tetany treated by thyroid extract. Brit. M. J., Lond., 1895, I, 1196-1198. Brown (W. H.). Parathyroid implantation in the treatment of tetania parathyreo- priva. Ann. 8urg., Phila., 1911, LIII, 305-317. Barns (D.). The parathyroids: tetania parathyreopriva, its nature, cause, and rela- tions to idiopathic tetany. VII. A comparison of the influence on the protein metabolism of parathyroidectomy and of the administration of guanidin. Quart. J. Exp. Physiol., Lond., 1916, X, 361-376. Burns (D.) and Sharpe (J. S.). The parathyroids: tetania parathyreopriva, its nature, cause, and relations to idiopathic tetany. V. Guanidin and methyl- guanidin in the blood and urine in tetania parathyreopriva and in the urine in idiopathic tetany. Quart. Jr. Exp. Physiol., Lond., 1916, X, 345-354. Burns (D.) and Watson (A. McL.). (a) The effect of thyro-parathyroidectomy on the heart and circulation. I. Action on nervous control of the heart. J. Physiol., Lond., 1918, L1I, 88-94. (b) The effect of thyro-parathyroidectomy on the heart and circula- tion. II. Action of guanidin on the heart of the frog. Jr. Physiol., Lond., 1920, LIII, 386-390. Busco (J.). Tetania enuretica. Presse med., Argentine, Buenos Aires, 1917=18, IV, 366. Capobianco (F.) and Mazzioti (L.). Le lesdoni renali seguite alia paratiroidec- tomia. Artc med., Napoli, 1900, II, 543-546. Also Gior. internaz. d. sci. med., Napoli, 1899, V, 21. Carlson (A. J..). (a) The condition of the digestive tract in parathyroid tetany in cats and dogs. Am. J. Physiol., Bost., 1912, XXX, 309-340. (b) The tonus and hunger contractions of the empty stomach during parathyroid tetany. Am. Jr. Physiol., Boston, 1913, XXXII, 398-404. (c) The parathyroids and pregnancy. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. and Med., N. 7., 1913, X, 183-184. Carlson (A. J.) and Jacobson (C.). Further studies on the nature of parathyroid tetany. Am. Jr. Physiol., Bost., 1911, XXVIII, 133-160. Carnot (P.) and Delion. Parathyroidite tuberculeuse. Crises convulsives ayant durees huit heures et terminees par la mort. Compt. rend., Soc. de Uol., Par., 1905, LIX, 324-324. Caro (L,.). Schilddriisenresektionen und Schwangerschaft in ihren Beziehungen zur Tetanie und Nephritis; experimentelle und kritische Beitrdge zur Frage der Epithelkorperfunktion. Mitt. a. d. Grenzgeb. d. Med. u. Chir., Jena, 1907, XVII, 447-468, 94 BIBLIOGRAPHY [vol. 1, § iii Caterer fP ) Die vasomotorischtrophischen Neurosen; eine Monographic. 2 Aufl., ' BerL, 1912, 8., Karger, 1004 PP-, 4°- Cem (C.) and Besta (C.). Proprietd therapeutiche specifiche del siero di sangue di animali immunizzati con siero di animali tiroparatiroidati. Riv. sper. di freniat., Reggio-Emilia, 1904, XXX, 608-618. Cheadle (W. B.). A clinical lecture on the pathology and treatment of laryngismus, tetany, and convulsions, illustrated by cases of these disorders in childhood, and alsto by a case of tetany of adult life. Lancet, Lond., 1887, I, 919; 967. Chenu (J ) and Morel (A.). Localisation de Viode dans les glandule® parathyroides externes. Compt. rend. soc. de biol., Par., 1904, LVI, 680-686. Christian! (H ) (a) De la thyroidectomie chez le rat. Arch, de physiol. norm. et path., Par., 1893, V, 39-46. (b) De la persistance de greffes de glandes parathyroides. Compt. rend. Soc. d. biol., Par., 1905, VIII, 754-755. Chvostek (P.). (a) uber das Verhalten der sensiblen Nerven, des Hornerven und des Hautleitungsividerstandes bei Tetanie. Ztschr. f. klin. Med., BerL, 1891, XIX, 489-538. (b) Bemerkungen zur Atiologie der Tetanie. Wien. klin. Wchnschr., 1905, XVIII, 969-974. (c) Myasthenia grams und Epithelkorper. Wien. klin. Wchnschr., 1908, XXI, 31-44. (d) Diagnose und Therapie der Tetanie. Deutsche med. Wchnschr., Leipz. u. BerL, 1909, XXXV, 825; 873. Clarke (J.). Commentaries on some of the most important diseases of children. Lond., 1815. Longman [and others], 198 pp., 8°. Cleret (M.) and Gley (B.). (a) Ovariectomie et thyro-parathyro'idectomie. Compt. rend. Soc. de Biol., Par., 1911, LXX, 470-472. (b) Nouvelle note sur les effets de la thyroparathyroidectomie apres ovariectomie. Compt. rend. Soc. de Biol., Par., 1911, LXX, 1019- 1020. Collip (J. B.) and Backus (P. L.). The effect of prolonged hyperpncea on the carbon dioxide combining power of the plasma, the carbon dioxide tension of alveolar air and the excretion of acid and boric phosphate and ammonia by the kidney. Am. J. Physiol., 1921, LI, 568-579. Colzi (P.). Sulla estirpazione della tiroide Sperim., Firenze, 1884, LIII, 36-40. Cooke (J. V.). (a) Metabolism after parathyroidectomy. Am. J. Sc., Phila., 1910 CXL, 404-408. (b) The excretion of calcium and magnesium after parathyroidectomy J. Exper. M., Lancaster, Pa., 1910, XII, 45-58. (c) Changes in nitrogenous metabolism after parathyroidectomy. J. Exper. M., Lancaster, Pa., & N. Y., 1911, XIII, 439-455. Corvisart (L. 1^ /?. E.). Dela contracture des extremites ou tetanic. Par., 1852, Cozzolino <°'>' della spasmofilia. La Pediatria, Naples, 1916, - Bnt, J. Child. Dis., Lond., 1917, XIV, 233. THE PARATHYKOID GLANDS AND THEIK DISEASES 95 Curschmann (It.), fiber einige ungewohnliche Urasachen und Syndrome der Tetanie der Erwachsenen, nebst Vorschldgen zu ihrer Behandlung. Deutsche Ztschr. f. Nervenh., Leipz., 1910, XXXIX, 36-80. Cybulski (T. von), uber den Kalkstoffwechsel des Tetaniekranken Sauglings. Mon- atschr. f. Kinderh., Leipz. u. Wien, 1906, V, 409-413. Dalche (T.). Tetanie de la menopause; opotherapie ovarienne. Bull. gen. de therap. (etc.), Par., 1909, CLVII, 728-730. Dale (H. H.) and Laidlaw (P. P.). The physiological action of P-iminazolylethyla- mine. Jr. PhysioL, Lond., 1910=11, XLI, 318-344. Dance. Observations sur une espece de tetanos intermittent. Arch. gen. de med., Par., 1831, XXVI, 190-205. Danielsen (W.). Erfolgreiche Epithelkorperchen-transplantation bei Tetania para- thyreopriva. Beitr. z. klin. Chir., Tubingen, 1910, LXVI, 85-100. Danielsen (W.) and Landois (P.). Transplantation und Epithelkdrpchen. Med. Klin., Berl., 1910, VI, 735; 776. Delore (X.) et Alamartine (H.). La tetanie parathyreoprive postoperatoire et la technique des thyro'idectomies, principalment dans la maladie de Basedow (technique de la thyroidectomie sous-capsulaire posterieure). Rev. de Chir., Par., 1910, XXX, 540-576. Edmunds (W.). Further observations on the thyroid gland. Jr. Path, and Bact., Cambridge, Eng., 1902, VIII, 288-293, 2 pi. Eggers (H. E.). Tuberculosis of the parathyroid. Tr. Chicago Path. Soc., Chicago, 1907, 102-104. Eiselsberg (A. von), (a) Uber Tetanie im Anohlusse an Kropf-Operationen. Wien, 1890. A. Holder. 37 pp., 8°. (b) Zur Technik der Transplantation der Schilddruse. Verhandl. d. deutsch. Gesellsch. f. Chir., Berl., 1908, XXXVII, 36-37. (c) Uber Vorkommen und Behandlung der Tetania parathyreopriva bein Menschen. Beitr. z. PhysioL u. Path. Festschr. L. Hermann, Stuttgart, 1908, 1-28. EHas (H.). Uber die Rolle der Sdure in Kohlenhydratstoffwechsel. Uber Sauredia- betes. Biochem. Ztschr., Berl., 1913, XLVIII, 120-143. Engeland (R.). Uber den Nachweis organischer Basen im Him. Ztschr. f. PhysioL Chem., Strassburg, 1908, LVII, 49-64. Eppinger (H.). Die Tetanie. In "Spezielle Pathologic u. Therap." (Kraus u. Brugsch). Berl., 1916, /, 2. Halfte, 601-625. Erb (W.). Zur Lehre von der Tetanie, nebst Bemerkungen uber die Priifung der electrischen Erregbarkeit motorischer Nerven. Arch. f. 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Notes on the experimental production of specific cytolysins for the adrenal, thyroid, and parathyroid glands of dogs. Univ. Penn. M Bull, Phila., 1903=04, XVI, 195-200. SECTION IV Hypophysis Cerebri and Its Diseases Anatomy, Histology and Embryology E. V. COWDRY Physiology, Physiological Chemistry and Experimental Pathology DEAN D. LEWIS Pharmacology of Hypophyseal Extracts . . FREDERICK S. HAMMETT Pathological Anatomy and Histology J. P. SIMONDS Clinical Syndromes (a) Acromegaly .PETER BASSOE (b) Dystrophia Adisposogenitalis . . . .HARVEY G. BECK Abet (J. J.) and Kubota (S.). On the presence of histamine (beta-iminazolylethyla- mine) in the hypophysis cerebri and other tissues of the body and its occurrence among the hydrolytic decomposition products of the pro- teins. J. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap., Baltimore, 1919, XIII, 243- 300. Abet (J. J.) and Macht (D. I.). Histamine and pituitary extract. J. Pharmacol. d Exper. Therap., Baltimore, 1919, XIV, 279-295. Abel (J. J.) and Pincoffs (M. C.). On the presence of albumoses in extracts of the posterior lobetof the hypophysis cerebri. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., Balti- more, 1917, HI, 507-517. Abramow (S.). Ueber die Verdnderungen der Hypophyse bei der experimentellen Diphtheire. Virchow's Arch. f. path. Anat., Berl, 1913, CGXIV, 408-412. Achard (Ch.), Ribot (A.) and Binet (L.). Action des extraits d'organs sur I'hy- perglycemie provoquee. Compt. rend. Soc. de biol., Par., 1919, LXXXH, 788. Adams (H. S.). The decomposition of the oxytocic principle of pituitary solution. J. Biol. Chem., Baltimore, 1917, XXX, 235-242. Addis (T.), Barnett (G. D:) and Shevky (A. E.): The regulation of renal ac- tivity. V. Regulation of urea excretion by pituitrin. Am. J. Physiol., Baltimore, 1918, XLVI, 52-62. Addis (T.), Foster (M. G.) and Barnett (G. D.) : The regulation of renal activity. VI. The effect of adrenalin and pituitrin on the action of the kidney under strain. Am. J. Physiol. Baltimore, 1918, XLVI, 84-89. Addis (T.), Shevky (A. E.) and Bevier (G.): The regulation of renal activity. Vlf. The balance between regulation by adrenalin and by pituitrin. Am. J. Physiol., Baltimore, 1918, XLVI, 129-146. 115 116 BIBLIOGRAPHY [vol. 1, § iv (W H F ) (a) The Golgi apparatus in the cells of the distal glandular 'portion of the hypophysis. Anat. Rec., Phila., 1916, 11:317. (b) The cell-changes in the hypophysis of the albino rat after castra- tion. Jr. Comp. Neurol, Phila., 1917, 28:441-461, 1 pi. Adler (L). Ein Fall von Akromegalie. Med. Monatsschr., N. Y., 1889, I, 225-234. Adrian (C.): Verdnderungen der Kopfschioarte vom Typus der Cutis verticis gyrata. (Vnna) in einem Falle von Akromegalie mit Hypophysis tumor. Der- mat. Centralbl, Berl., 1915-16, XIX, 2-8, 34-39. Adson (AW}' Hypophyseal tumors through intradural approach. J. Am. M. Ass., Chicago, 1918, LXXI, 721-726. Ahlteld (M.). Cited by Hiibner (H.). Der Doppelbildungen des Menschen und die Tiere. Ergeb. d. allg. Path. u. path. Anat., Wiesfo., 1911, XV, 1 Abt., 650-796. Airila (Y ) Zur Kenntniss der Pituitrini&vrkung. Skand. Arch. f. Physiol., Leipz., 1914, XXXI, 381-387. Aldrich (T. B.). (a) On the chemistry of the infundibular body. Am. J. Physiol., Bost., 1908, XXI, XXIII. (b) On feeding young white rats the posterior and the anterior parts of the pituitary gland. Am. J. Physiol., Baltimore, 1912-13, XXXI, 94-101. (c) On the presence of histidine-like substances in the pituitary gland (Posterior lobe). J. Am. Chem. Soc., Easton, Pa. 1915, XXXVII, Allen (B. M.). Extirpation of the hypophysis a.id thyroid glands in Rana pipiens. Anat. Rec., Phila., 1917, XI, 486. (Proc. Am. Soc. Zool.) Alquier, (L.) and Touchard, (P.). Lesions des glandes vasculaires sanguines dans deux cas de sclerodermie generalisee. Arch, de med. exper. et d'anat. path., Paris, 1907, XIX, 687-696. Amsler (C.). Zur Lehre der Splanchnomegalie bei Akromegalie. Berl. klin. Wchnschr., 1912, XLIX, II, 1600-1604. Ancel (P.) and Bouin (P.). Sur une deuxieme methode d9 extraction du principe actif du lobe postterieur hypophysaire. Compt. rend. Soc. de biol., Par., 1914, LXXVI, 110-112. Anders (J. M.) and Jameson (H. L.). The relation of glycosuria to pituitary dis- ease and reports of a case, with statistics. Am. J. M. Sc., Phila., 1914, CXLVIII, 323-329. Arena, (G.). Contributo alia conocenza della cosi detta "ipofisi faringea" nelV uomo. Arch. ital. anat. e embriol., Firenze, 1912, X, 383-436. 4 pi. Arnold (J.). (a) Akromegalie, Pachyacrie oder Ostitisf Ein anatomischer Bericht iiber den Fall Hagner L Beitr. z. path. Anat. u. allg. Path., Jena, 1891, X, 1-80, 6 pi. (b) Weitere Beitrdge zur Akromegaliefrage, Virchow's Arch. f. path. Anat. etc., Berl. 1894, CXXXV, 1-78. Aschner (B.). (a) Demonstration von Hunden nach Extirpation der Hupophuse. Wien. klin. Wchnschr., 1909, XXII, 1730-1732. (b) Ueber die Funktion der Hypophysis. Arch. f. d. ges. Physiol, Bonn. 1912, CXLVI, 1-146. HYPOPHYSIS CEEEBET AND ITS DISEASES 117 Ascoli (M.) and Fagviol! (A.). Pituitrin test. EndocrinoL, Los Angeles, 1920. IV, 33-37. Ascoli (G.) and Legnant (T.). Delle alterazioni consecutive all ablazione delV ipo- fisi. Atti. d. Cong, internaz. del patologi, 1911, Torino, 1912, 1, 185-192, 1 pi., also transl. Miinchen. med. Wchnschr., 1912 LIX 518-521. Atwell (W. J.). The development of the hypophysis cerebri of the rabbit (Lepus cuniculus L.) Am. J. Anat., Phila., 1918, XXIV, 271-338. Atwell (W. J.) and Marinas (C. J.). A comparison of the activity of extracts of the pars tuberalis with extracts of other regions of the pituitary. Am. J. Physiol., Baltimore, 1918, XLVII, 76-90. Ausch (O.). Akromegalie mit intensivem Diabetes und Wechsel der Haarfarbe. Mediz. Klin., Berl., 1917, XIII, 131-133. Bab (H.). Akromegalie und Ovarialtherapie. Zentralbl. f. Gynaek. Leipz., 1914 XXXV I II, 26-34. Babonneix (L.) and Paisseau (G.). Contribution a V etude de Vacromegalic infan- tile. Gaz. d. hop., Par., 1910, LXXX1II, 837-842. Badouin (A.). Sur la recherche du principe actif de Vhypophyse. Compt. rend. Soc. de Biol, Par., 1913, LXXIV, 1138-1140. Bailey (P.). Pathological report of a case of acromegaly, with especial reference to the lesions in the hypophysis cerebri and the thyroid gland; and a ca~se of hemorrhage into the pituitary, Phila., M. J., 1898, I, 180-792. Baillie (M.). Anatomic pathologique des organes les plus importants du corps hu- main. Traduction de M. Guerbois, 1815, 376 p. 8. (Cited by P. Rayer.) Ballet (G.) and Laignel=>Lavastine. Un cas d'acromegalie avec lesions hyperplasiques du corps pituitaire, du corps thyroide et des capsules surrenales. N. Iconog. de la Salpetriere, Par., 1905, XVIII, 176-193. Bamberger (E.). Uber Knochenverdnderungen bei chronischen Lungen-und llerz- krankheiten. Ztschr. f. klin. Med., Berl., XVIII, 193. Sandier (S. W.). Report of cases showing the value of pituitary extract in the first stages of labor. Am. J. 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Jena, 1885, Fischer, 620 pp., 8°. SECTION II The Suprarenal Glands, Including the Chro- maffin System and the Interrenal System, and Their Diseases Anatomy, Histology and Embryology E. V. COWDRY Chemistry of the Suprarenal Glands ALBERTO. CRAWFORD General Physiology and Experimental Pathology FRANK A. HARTMAN The Significance of the Suprarenal Glands in Relation to the Vital Processes. G. N. STEWART The Emergency Function of the Suprarenal Medulla W. B. CANNON The Relation of the Suprarenal Glands to the Circulation B. G. HOSKINS General Pharmacology and Toxicology FRANK A. HARTMAN Pathological Anatomy and Histology J. J. MACKENZIE Addison's Disease BENSON A. COHOE Hypoadrenia BENSON A. COHOE Pseudohermaphrodism WILLIAM C. QUINBY Pubertas Precox HENRY D. JUMP Virilismus and Hirsutismus HENRY D. JUMP Abderhalden (E.) and Bergell (P.). (a) Ueber das Epinephrin (Epirenan). Miinchen. med. Wchnschr., 1904, LI, 1003. (b) Zur Kenntniss des Epinephrins. Ber. deutsch. chem. Gesellsch. 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Anat., Phila., 1917, XXI, 359-373. (e) Studies on hemal nodes. VII. The development and function of hemal nodes. Am. J. Anat., Phila., 1917, XXI, 375-405. (f) Studies on hemal nodes. VIII. The absence of hemal nodes in the domestic pig. Am. J. Anat., Phila,, 1918, XXIV, 109-125, 3 pi. Meyers (J.). A study of the blood after splenectomy following trauma. J. Am. M. Asm., Chicago, 1909, LII, 1231-1234. Minot (G. R.). Nitrogen metabolism before and after splenectomy in a case of per- nicious anaemia. Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull.. Baltimore, 1914, XXV, 338-342. Morris (D. H.). (a) The role of the spleen in blood formation. J. Exper. M., N. Y., 1914, XX, 379-386. (b) The spleen exerts no influence upon the growth of transplanted tumors. J. Cancer Research, Baltimore, 1917, II, 498. Morris (R. S.). (a)\ Nuclear particles in the erythrocytes. Arch. Int. Med., Chicago, 1909, III, 393-397. (b) The occurrence of nuclear particles in the erythrocytes following splenectomy. Arch. Int. Med., Chicago, 1915, XV, 514-517. Murphy (J. B.). Factors of resistance to heteroplastic tissue- grafting. Studies in tissue specificity. III. J. Exper. M., N. Y., 1914, XIX, 513-522, 5 pi. Murphy (J. B.) and Ellis (A. W.). Experiments on the role of lymphoid tissue in the resistance to experimental tuberculosis in mice. J. Exper. M., N. Y., 1914, XX, 397-403. Musser (J. H., Jr.). An experimental study of the changes in the blood follouring splenectomy. Arch. Int. Med., Chicago, 1912, IX, 592-600. Musser (J. H., Jr.) and Krumbhaar (E. B.). The relation of the spleen to blood destruction and regeneration and to hemolytic jaundice. VI. The blood picture at various periods after splenectomy. J. Exper. M., N. Y., 1913, XVIII, 487-493. Orr (T. (J.). Blood picture following experimental splenectomy. J. Lab. & Clin., St. Louis, 1916=17, II, 895-898. Ott (1.) and Scott (J. C.). The spleen and chronic constipation. Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med., N. Y., 1911=12, VIII -IX, 64-65. Ozaki (Y.). (a) The spleen as a bacterial filter. J. M. Research, Bost., 1917, xxxvi, 413-422. (b) Phagocytosis of bacteria in the excised spleen after perfusion with Locke's solution. J. M. Research, Bost., 1917=18, XXXVII, 247-258, 1 pi. Paton (D. N.). Studies of the metabolism in the dog before and after removal of the spleen. J. Physiol., Lond., 1900, XXV, 443-461. 300 BIBLIOGRAPHY [vol. 2, § ix Pearce (R. M.), Austin (J. H.) and Musser (J. H., Jr.). The relation of the spleen to blood destruction and regeneration and to hemotytic jaundice. III. The changes in the blood following splenectomy and their relation to the production of hemolytic jaundice. J. Exper. M., N. Y., 1912, XVI, 758-768. Pearce (R. M.), Austin (J. H.) and Pepper (O. H. P.). The relation of the spleen to blood destruction and regeneration and to hemolytic jaun- dice. XIII. The influence of diet upon the anemia following splenec- tomy. J. Exper. M., N. Y., 1915, XXII, 682-693. Pearce R. M.), Krumbhaar (E. B.) and Frazier (C. H.). The spleen and anaemia. Phila. J. B. Lippincott, 1918, 419 pp. 8°. Pearce (R. M.) and Pepper (O. H. P.). The relation of the spleen to blood de- struction and regeneration and to hemolytic jaundice. IX. The changes in the bone marrow after splenectomy. J. Exper. M., N. Y., 1914, XX , 19-36. Pepper (O. H. P.)1 and Austin (J. H.). Metabolism studies before and after splenectomy in a case of pernicious anemia. Arch. Int. Med., Chicago, 1916, XVIII, 131-135. Popielski (L. B.). The spleen and the albumin ferment of the pancreas. Russk. Vrach. 8t. Petersburg, 1901, XXII, 138-142. Prym (O.). (a) MHz und Pancreas; Versuche an Hunden mit permanenter Pankreas- fistel Arch. f. d. ges. Physiol., Bonn, 1904, CIV, 433-452. (b) MHz und Pankreas. 2 Teil. Versuche mit Infusen beider Organe. Arch. f. d. ges. Physiol., Bonn, 1905, CVII, 599-620. Pugliese (A.). Beitrdge zur Lehre von der Milzf unction; die Absonderung und Zusam- mensetzung der Galle nach Extirpation der MHz. Arch. f. Physiol., Leipz., 1899, 60-76. Roth (O.). Ueber merkwurdige Erythrozyteneinschlilsse bei einem Fall von Milzexstir- pation. Ztschr. f. klin. Med., Berl, 1912, LXXVI, 23-33. Rusca (C. L.). (a) Ricerche sulla funsionalita gastrica in una donna ipleneotomiz- zata. Gazz. med. ital, Torino, 1912, LXIII, 281-291. (b) Contribute sperimentale allo studio dei rapporti tra milza e di~ gestione. Gazz. med. ital, Torino, 1912, LXIII, 321; 331; 341. Schlff (M.). (a) Ueber die Function der MHz. Schweiz. Ztschr. f. Heilk., 1862, I. 201; 397. (b) Gee. Beitr. z. Physiol, Lausanne, B. Benda, 1898, IV, 167-222. Schmidt (M. B). Ueber die Organe des> Eisenstoffivechsels und die Blutbildung bei Eisenmangel Verhandl d. deutsch. path. Gesellsch., Jena, 1912, XV, 91-96. Silvestri (T.). (a) La funzionalita gastrica megli animali smilzati. Riforma med. Roma, 1903, XIX, 567-570. (b) Ricerche sulla funzioni gastriche in uno smilzato. Gazz. d. osp., Milano, 1906, XXVII, 755-757. Soler (F. L.) and Madero (L. P.). (a) Influencia del bazo e la formation de los fermentos gastricos. Semana med., Buenos Aires, 1912, XIX, 2 pt., 757-765. (b) El bazo en la function gastrica. Demonstracidn en perros con pequeno estomago. Rec. Asoc. med., argent, Buenos Aires, 1915, XXIII, 887-898. THE SPLEEN AS AN ENDOCRINE ORGAN 301 Stevenson (H. N.). Growing spleen exerts no influence upon the proliferation of tumors in the chick embryo. J. Cancer Research, Baltimore, 1917, II, 512-515. Stukeley (W.). A lecture on the spleen. Lond., 1723, 108 pp., fol. Sweet (J. E.) and Ellis (J. W.). The influence upon the spleen and the thyroid of the complete removal of the external function of the pancreas. J. Ex- per. M., N. Y., 1915, XXII, 732-738. Tarulli and Pascucci. Quoted by Luciani, L. Human physiology, Lond. Macmillan & Co., 1913, II, 558 pp. 8°. (p. 175.) Trampedach (G.). MHz und Magenverdauung und der angebliche Pap sing ehalt der MHz. Arch. f. d. ges. Physiol., Bonn, 1911, CXLI, 591-616. Umbef (F.)» %ur Pathogenese der Bantischen Kranheit, mit besonderer Berucksichti- gung des Stoffumsatzes vor und nach der Splenectomie. Ztschr. f. klin. Med., Berl, 1904, LV, 289-314. Verzar (P.). Die Grosse der Milzarbeit. Biochem. Ztschr., Berl., 1913, LIII, 69-79. Warthin (A. S.). The changes produced in the hemolymph glands of the sheep and goat by splenectomy, hemolytic poisons and hemorrhage. J. M. Re- search, Bost., 1902, VII, 435-463. Woglom (W. H.). The size of the spleen in mice immune to transplantable tumors. J. Cancer Research, Baltimore, 1917, II, 501-503. Wolferth (C. C.). Blood changes in albino rats following removal of the spleen. Arch. Int. Med., Chicago, 1917, XIX, 105-116. Zlmmermann (R.). Fortgesctzte Beitrdge zur Hilz als Organ des Eisenstoff- wechsels. Biochem. Ztschr., Berl., 1909, XVII, 297-336. SECTION X The Internal Secretion of the Liver and Its Disorders CHARLES W. HOOPER Abel (J. J.) and Kubota (S.)(. On the presence of histamine ( p-iminazolethylamine ) in the hypophysis cerebri and other tissues of the body and its occur- rence among the hydrolytio decomposition products of proteins. J. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap., Baltimore, 1919, XIII, 243-298. Addis (T.). The pathogenesis of hereditary hemophilia. J. Path, d Bacteriol., 1911, XV, 427-452. Alba. Zur Physiologic und Pathologic der (iallensecretion. Berl. klin. Wchnschr., 1900, XXXVII, 866-869; 891-894. Allen (F. M.). (a) Studies concerning glycosuria and diabetes. Bost., 1913, W. M. Leonard. 1197 pp. 8°. (b) The role of fat diabetes. Am. J. M. Sc., Phila., 1917, CLIII; 313-371; Harvey Lect., Phila. and Lond., 1916=17, pp. 42-111. Bernard (C.). (a) De I'origine du snore dans reconomie animate (1) Arch. gen. de med., Par., 1848, XVIII, 303-319. (b) Nouvelle fonction du foic considere comme organe producteur de matieres sucrees chez I'homme et chez les animaux. Par., 1853, J-B. Bailliere. (c) Lemons de physiologie experimentale appliques a la medeoine. 2 vol. Par., 1854=55, J.-B. Bailliere. (d) Sur le mecanisme de la formation du sucre dans le foise. Compt. rend. Acad. d. sc., Par., 1855, XLI, 461-469. (e) Sur le mecanism,e physiologique de la formation du sucre dans le foie. Compt. rend. Aoad. d. 8c., Par., 1857, XLIV, 578-594. (f) Lemons sur la physiologie et la pathologic du systeme nerveux. 2 vols., Par., 1858, J.-B. Bailliere. (g) De la matiere glycogene consideree comme condition de develop- pement de certains tissus ches le foetus avant V 'apparition de la fonc- tion glycogenique du foie. J. de la physiol. de Vhomme, Par., 1859, II, 326-337. • (h) Legons sur le diabete et la glycogenese animate. Par., 1877, J.-B. Bailliere. (!) Critique experimentale sur le mecanisme de la formation du sucre dans le foie. Compt. rend. Acad. d. sc., Par., 1877, LXXXV, 519-525. Bernheim (B. M.), Homans (J.) and Voegtlin (C.). Anastomosis between the portal vein and the inferior vena cava (Eck's fistula). J. Pharmacol d Exper. Therap., Baltimore, 1910, I, 463-467. Bernheim (B M.) and Voegtlin (C.). Is the anastomosis between the portal vein and the vena cava compatible loith life? Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., Baltimore, 1912, XXIII, 46-49. 303 304 BIBLIOGKAPHY [vol. 2, § x Brown (A.), MacLachlan (I. F.) and Simpson (R.). The effect of intravenous injections of calcium in tetany and the influence of cod liver oil and phosphorus in the retention of calcium in the blood. Am. J. Dis. Child., Chicago, 1920, XIX, 413-428. Cooper (E. A.). On the protective and curative properties of certain foodstuffs against polyneuritis induced in birds by a diet of polished rice. Part II. J. Hyg., Cambridge, 1914, XIV, 12-22. Cremer (M.). Entsteht aus Glyzerin Fett im Korper des hoheren Thieres Trauben- Zuckerf Munchen. med. Wchnschr., 1902, 944' Dakin (H. K.). Intermediary metabolism of amino acids. J. Biol. Chem., N. T., 1913, XIV, 321-333. Dale (H. H.). The anaphylactic reaction of plain muscle in the guinea-pig. J. Phar- macol & Exper. Therap., Baltimore, 1912, IV, 167-223. Davis (N. C.), Hall (C. C.) and W hippie (G. H.). A rapid construction of liver- cell protein on a strict carbohydrate diet contrasted with fasting. Paper III. Arch. Int. Med., Chicago, 1919t XXIII, 44-65. Delezenne (M. C.). Le leucocyte joue un role essentiel dans la production des liquides anticoagulants par le foide isole. Compt. rend. Soc. de Hoi., Par., 1898, V, 354-357; N. Montpel. med., 1898, VII, 235. Denecke (G.). Ueber die Bedeutung der Leber fur die anaphyldktische Reaktion beim Hunde. Ztschr. f. Immunitatstorsch. u. exper. Therap., Jena, 1913=14, XX, 501-520. Denny (G. P.) and Minot (G. R.). The origin of antithrombin. Am. J. Physiol., Bost., 1915, XXXVIII, 233-247. Doyon (M.). Incoagulabilite du sang provoquee par le chloroforme; role du foie. Bull. Soc., med. d. hop. de Lyon, 1905, IV, 13. Doyon (M.) and Kareff (N.). Effet de V ablation du foie sur la coagulabilite du sang. Compt. rend. Soc. de biol., Par., 1904, LVI, 612-613. Doyon (M.), Morel (A.) and Kareff (N.). Action du phosphore sur la coagula- bilite du sang; origine du fibrinogene. Compt. rend. Soc. de biol., Par., 1905, LVIII, 493-494; Compt. rend. aoad. d. sc., Par., 1905. CXL, 800. Doyon (M.), Morel (A.) and Peju (G.). Origine hepatique du fibrinogene sanguvn. Lyon med., 1905, CIV, 875. Doyon (M.), Morel (A.) and Policard (A.), (a) Nature de Vantithrombine pre existence de cette substance dans le foie. Compt. rend. Soc. de biol., Par., 1911, LXX, 92-93. (b) Substance anticoagulante du foie. Entrainement de cette sub- stance par une solution faiblement alcaline. Compt. rend. Soc. de biol., Par., 1911, LXX, 115-116. Draudt (L.). Ueber die Verwertung von Loktose und Galoktose nach partieller Le- berausschaltung (Ecksche Fistel). Arch. f. exper. Path. u. Phar- makol., Leipz., 1913, LXXII, 457-474. Drinker (K. 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(c) Der Kohlehydratsoffwechsel bei den mit der Eckschen Fistel nach Pawlowscher Methode (direkte Einfuhrung des Pfortaderblutes in die Vena cava, mit Verschluss der Pfortader am Leberhilus) operierten Hunden. Ztschr. f. Biol., Miinchen u. Leipz., 1907-08, L, 38-74. Fischler (P.). (a) Ueber das Auftreten akuter schwerster Leberdegenerationen an Tieren mit Eckscher Fistel bei komplizierender Pankreasfettgewebs- nekrose nebst Bemerkungen iiber die Beziehungen zwischen Leber und Pankreas. Deutsches Arch. f. klin. Med., Leipz., 1910, C, 329-346. (b) Weitere Mitteilungen zu den Beziehungen zwischen Leberdegen- eration und Pankreasfettgewebsnekrose an Tieren mit Eck'scher Fistel und iiber die Moglichkeit ihrer Verhutung. Deutsches Arch. f. klin. Med., Leipz., 1911, CHI, 156-167. (c) Ueber die Fleischintoxikation bei Tieren mit Eckscher Fistel. Der Krankheitsbegriff der Alkalosis. Deutsches Arch. f. klin. Med., Leipz., 1911, CIV, 300-320. Fiske (C. H.) and Summer (J. B.). 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Arch. d. sc. biol., St. Petersburg, 1892, /, 401; Die Eck'sche Fistel zurischen der unteren Hohlvene und der Pfortader und ihre Folgen fur den Or- ganismus. Arch. f. exper. Path. u. Pharmakol., Leipz., 1893, XXXII, 161-210. Hawk (P. B.). On a series of feeding and injection experiments following the estab- lishment of the Eck fistula in dogs. Am. J. Physiol., Bost., 1908, XXI, 259-281. Hensen (V.). Ueber Zuckerbildung in der Leber. Vvrchoufs Arch. f. path. Anat. (etc.), Berl, 1857, XI, 895-398. 306 BIBLIOGRAPHY [vol. 2, § x f A E \ and Unaer (L J.). The clinical role of the fat-soluble vitamine: its ' relation to rickets. J. Am. M. Assn., Chicago, 1920, LXXIV, 217- 223. Manner (C W ) and W hippie (G. H.). (a) Bile pigment metabolism. I. Bile tioopei ''pigment output and diet studies. Am. J. Physiol., Bost., 1916, XL, 332-3J/8. (b) Bile pigment metabolism. VIII. Bile pigment output influenced bu hemoglobin injection; splenectomy and anemia. Am. J. Physiol., Bost., 1917, XL1II, 275-289. 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Therap., Jena, 1913, XVIII, 542-562. INTERNAL SECRETION OF THE LIVER 309 Ransom (W. B.). Observations on the secretion of bile. Brit. M. J., Lond., 1896. II, 897. Reilly (F. H.), Nolan (F. W.) and Lusk (G.). Phlarhisin diabetes in dogs. Am. J. Physiol., Bost., 1898, I, 395-410. Rogers (J.), Rahe (J. M.), Fawcett (G. G.) and Hackett (G. S.). The effects of organ extracts on gastric secretion. Am. J. Physiol., Bost., 1916, XXXIX, 34^-353. Roily. Uber die Neubildung von Glykogen bei Glykogenfreien und auf Karenz ge- setzten Kaninchen. Deutsches Arch. f. klin. Med., Leipz., 1905, LXXXI1I, 107-128. Rosenfeld (G.). Die Oxydationsicege des Zuckers*. Berl. klin. Wchnschr., 1907, XLIV, 1663-1666. Rothberger (C. J.) and Winterberg (H.). Ueber Vergiftungserscheinungen bei Hunden mit Eck'scher Fistel. Ztschr. /. exper. Path. u. Therap., Berl., 1904=05, I, 312-359. Rous (P.) and Larimore (L. D.). Relation of the portal blood to liver maintenance. 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Ueber die Bildungsstatte des Harnstoffs. Arch. f. exper. Path, u. PharmakoL, Leipz., 1882, XV, 364-402; Die Bildung des Hamsioffes in der Leber, ibid., 1885, XIX, 373-386. Schtlltz (W. H.). Physiological studies in anaphylaxis. I. The reaction of smooth muscle of the guinea pig sensitized with horse serum. J. Pharmacol. d Exper. Therap., Baltimore, 1909-10, /, 549-567. Seitz (W.). Die Leber als Vorrathskammer fur Eiiveisstoffe. Arch. f. d. ges. Physiol., 1906, CXI, 309-334. Stern (L.) and Rot hi in (E.). Action des extraits de tissus animaux sur les organes a fibres musculaires lisses. J. de physiol. et de path, gen., Par., 1919, XVIII, 441-485. Sweet (J. E.) and Ringer (A. 1.). Influence of phlorhizin on dogs with Eck's fistula. J. Biol. Chem., N. Y., 1913, XIV, 135-138. 310 BIBLIOGKAPHY [vol. 2, § x Tebb (M. C.). Hydrolysis* of glycogen. J. Physiol, 1897=98, XXII, 423-Jf32. Towles (C.) and Voegttin (C.). Creatin and creatinin metabolism in dogs during feeding and inanition with especial reference to the function of the liver. J. Biol. Chcm., A. 1'., 1911, A, 419-4S7. Van Slvke (D D > The present significance of the amino-acids in physiology and ' pathology. Harvey Lect., Phila. d Lond., 1915*16, pp. 146-173; Arch, Int. Med., Chicago, 1917, 56-18. Van Slvke (D D.), Cullen (G. E.) and McLean F. C.). The formation of urea in the liver. Proc. Woe. Exper. Biol. d Med., N. Y., 1914-15, XII, 93. Van Slyke (D. D.) and Meyer (G. M.). The fate of protein digestion products in the body. III. The absorption of amino-acids from the blood by the tissues. J. Biol. Chem., A7. Y., 1913=14, XVI, 197-212. IV. The locus of chemical transformation of absorbed amino-acids, ibid., pp. 213-229. V. The effects of feeding and fasting on the amino-acid con- tent of the tissues, ibid., pp. 231-233. Verzar (F ) 1st die Tutigkeit der Leber zur Kohlenhydratverbrennung unerldsslich? Biochem. Ztschr., Berl., 1911, XXXIV, 63-66. Voegtlin (C.) and Bernheim (B. M.). (a) The role of the portal circulation of the liver in bile formation and jaundice. J. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap., Baltimore, 1910=11, //, 455-467. (b) The liver in its relation to anaphylactic shock. J. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap., Baltimore, 1910=11, H, 507-511. Voegtlin (C.) and Myers (C. N.). A comparison of the influence of secretine and the antineuritic vitamin on the pancreatic secretion and bile flow. J. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap., Baltimore, 1919, XIII, 301-315; Proc. Am. Physiol. >S'oc., Am. J. Physiol, Bost., 1919, XLIX, 124. Walton (A. J.). Effect of various tissue extracts upon the growth of adult mam- malian cells in vitro. J. Exper. M., N. Y., 1914, XX, 554-572. Weil (R.). (a) Studies in anaphylaxis. VI. A study of the cellular theory by a graphic method. J. Med. Research, Bost., 1914, XXX, 87-111. (b) Studies in anaphylaxis. XXI. Anaphylaxis in dogs. 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Bile pigment output influenced by the Eck fistula. Am. J. Physiol., Bost., 1917, XLII, 544-557. INTERNAL SECRETION OF THE LIVER 311 W hippie (G. H.) and Hurwitz (S. H.). Fibrinogen of the blood as influenced by the liver necrosis of chloroform poisoning. J. Exper. M., N. Y., 1911, XIII, 136-161. W hippie (G. H.), Peightal (T. C.) and Clark (A. H.). Tests for hepatic func- tion and disease under experimental conditions. Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull., Baltimore, 1913, XXIV, 343-357. W hippie (G. H.), Smith (H. P.) and Belt (A. E.). II. Shock as a manifestation of tissue injury following rapid plasma protein depletion. The stabilizing value of plasma proteins. Am. J. Physiol., Bost., 1920, LII, 72-100, SECTION XI The Internal Secretion of the Pancreas and Its Disorders The Anatomy, Embryology, Comparative Anatomy and Histology of the Islands of Langerhans E. V. COWDRY •The Pancreas as an Endocrine Organ ALDEED S. WAETHIN Aldehoff (G.). Zeitschr. f. BioL, 1891, XXVIII, p. 293. Allen (P. M.). 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VOLUME 4 PATHOLOGICAL METABOLISM SECTION I General Pathological Metabolism Undernutrition HAROLD L. HIGGINS Obesity WILDER TILESTON Acidosis DONALD D. VAN SLYKE Metabolism in Fever and in Certain In- fections EUGENE F. Du Bois Edema FRANKLIN C. McLEAN Anaphylaxis , Hypersensitiveness and Protein Intoxication. .WARFIELD T. LONGCOPE AND GEORGE M. MACKENZIE Disturbances of Growth E. V. McCoLLUM The Metabolism of Traumatic Shock JOSEPH C. AUB SECTION II Special Pathological Metabolism Pathological Metabolism of Diabetes Mellitus EOLLIN T. WOODYATT Disturbances of Carbohydrate Metabolism, Other Than in Diabetes Mellitus ISIDOR GREENWALD Metabolism in Nephritis HERMAN O. MOSENTHAL Metabolism in Gout JOSEPH H. PRATT Renal Calculi Including Phosphaturia and Oxaluria JACOB EOSENBLOOM Amino-aciduria JACOB EOSENBLOOM Diaminuria JACOB EOSENBLOOM Peptonuria and Proteosuria JACOB EOSENBLOOM Bence- Jones' Protein JACOB EOSENBLOOM Alkaptonuria JACOB EOSENBLOOM AND MAX KAHN Cystinuria MAX KAHN AND JACOB EOSENBLOOM The Metabolism in Diseases of Respiration and Circulation . . FRANCIS W. PEABODY AND EDNA W. TOMPKINS Pathological Metabolism of the Blood and Blood-Forming Organs SAMUEL H. HURWITZ 511 512 BIBLIOGKAPHY [vol. 4, §§ i-ii The Metabolism in Pathological Con- ditions of the Stomach and Intes- tines THOS. R. BROWN AND JOHN H. KING The Physiological and Pathological Chem- istry of the Liver Louis BAUMAN Disturbances of Metabolism Accompany- ing Pancreatic Diseases BURRILL B. CROHN The Relation of Dermatoses to Metabolic Disturbances. WALTER JAMES HIGHMAN AND JEFFREY C. MICHAEL The Metabolism in Diseases of the Neuro- muscular System FRANCIS H. MCCRUDDEN Metabolism in Diseases of the Bones and Joints FRANCIS H. MCCRUDDEN The Pathology of Metabolism in Infancy and Early Childhood W. McKiM MARRIOTT The Metabolism in Infantilism FRANCIS H. MCCRUDDEN Pathological Metabolism in Pregnancy. . .HAROLD BAILEY Diabetes Insipidus JOHN E. WILLIAMS Metabolism in Scurvy ALFRED F. HESS Diagnosis and Treatment of Beriberi CARL VOEGTLIN Pellagra WARD J. MACNEAL The Relation of Diet to the Cause and Treatment of Pellagra E. V. McCoLLUM Aaron (H.). Das Salzsaurebindungsvermogen von Frauen und Kuhmilch. Jahrb. f. Kinderh., BerL, 1914, LXXIX, 288-304. Abderhalden (B.). (a) Familidre Cystindiathese. Zeit. f. physiol. Chem., 1903, XXXVIII, 557-561. (b) Abbau und Aufbau der Eiweisskorper in tierischen organismus. Zeit. f. physiol. Chem., 1905, XLIV, 11-52. (c) Die Eisenfrage. Med. Klin., BerL, 1906, II, 413-416. (d) Beitrag zur Kenntniss des in Harnsteinen vorkommenden Cys- titis. Zeit. f. physiol. Chem., 1907, LI, 391-393. 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Zuntz (N.), Morgulis (S.) and Diakon (M.). Einfluss chronischer Unterer- nahrung auf den Stoffwechsel. Biochem. Ztschr., 1913, LV, 341-354. Zuntz (N.) and Vogelius. Uber die Neubildung von Kohlenhydrdten im hungernden Organismus. Arch. f. Anat. u. PhysioL, 1893, 378-380. Zybell (P.). Die Einwirkung alimentdrer und Pharmacodynamischen Factoren auf den Verlauf der Spasmophilie. Jahrb. f. Kinderh., BerL, 1914, LXV1II, 29-115. GENERAL INDEX Lbderhalden, experiments of, on nitrog- enous equilibrium and body weight, iii, 123, 124, 125. specific ferment test of, in diagnosis of hyperthyroidism, i, 495. Abdominal distention, hypophyseal hor- monotherapy in, i, 116. Abdominal tenderness and pain in Ad- Bison's disease, ii, 294. Abnormalities, associated with gigan- tism, ii, 835. Abscess of suprarenals. See Supra- renals, abscess of. Absorption, effect on, of alkalies, iii, 318. — of calcium, iii, 318. — of water, iii, 291. — in body, action of epinephrin on, pharmacodynamic, i, 128. — in fat metabolism of stomach, iii, 190. — in typhoid fever, iv, 116. — of alcohol, iii, 297. — = distribution after, iii, 299. — of carbohydrates, iii, 249. — of fat from the intestine, iii, 194. — changes in fats during, iii, 196. emulsification, iii, 200. factors in, bile, iii, 198. — pancreatic secretion, iii, 197. — in fat metabolism, paths of, iii, 196. — synthesis of fats during, iii, 196. — of magnesium, iii, 323. — of vitamins, iii, 347. — theory of control of, by internal se- cretion of pancreas, iv, 675. Acapnia, iii, 741. Acclimatization, iii, 907. Acetates, effect of, on metabolism, iii, 726. Acetone bodies, in blood, iii, 449. Acetone bodies, in blood and urine, determination of, iv, 84. Acetonitrile test of Keid Hunt for hyperthyroidism, i, 496. Acetonuria, carcinomatous, metabolism in, iv, 632. Achlorhydria, metabolism in, iv, 612. Achondroplasia. See Infantilism. Achondroplasic dwarf, history of, i, 49. — metabolism of, table, iv, 827. Achondroplasics, description of, i, 70. — sexual characteristics of, i, 70. Achylia, metabolism in, iv, 612. Achylia pancreatica, metabolism in, iv, 674. Acid action in osteomalacia, iv, 752. Acid-alkali metabolism, effect on, of anesthetics, general, chloroform and ether, iii, 762. — of antipyretics, iii, 771. — of mercury, iii, 756. — of opiates, iii, 766. Acid-base balance of the body, abnor- mal variation in, compensated alkali excess, iv, 72. — compensated CC>2 excess, iv, 72. — uncompensated alkali excess, iv, 68. — uncompensated CO* deficit, iv, 70. — methods for determining state of, iv, 76. — alkali retention test for alkali def- icit, iv, 81. — calorimetric dialysis method for pH, iv, 81. — collection and treatment of blood samples, iv, 78. — electrometric determination of the plasma pH, iv, 80. — estimation of blood bicarbonate and pH, iv, 77. — gasometric determination of whole blood on plasma bicarbonate, iv, 79. — of acetone bodies in blood and urine, iv, 84. of excretion rate of ammonia and free acid, iv, 83. — of the alveolar COz tension, iv, 82. — titrimetric determination of plas- ma or serum bicarbonate, iv, 80. — normal, alkali reserve, iv, 64. . ammonia formation, iv, 56, 66. buffers of the blood, alkali reserve, iv, 64. 695; 696 GENEKAL INDEX Acid-base balance of the body, normal, buffers of the blood, interchange of buffer effects, between blood cells and plasma, iv, 61. between the blood and the tissues, iv, 62. laws of, iv, 57. maximum efficiency of action of, iv, 59. — nature of, iv, 57. neutralization of acid by, iv, 57. — physiologically available alkali of the bicarbonate and of other blood buffers, iv, 63. — excretion of acid by the kidneys, iv, 56, 65. — mechanism for maintenance of buffers of the blood, iv, 56. — kidneys, to excrete acid prod- ucts, iv, 56, 65. lungs, to accelerate the rate of CO2 excretion, iv, 56, 64. — organism forming ammonia, iv, 56, 66. — normal bicarbonate concentration of blood plasma and other body fluids, iv, 54, 63. normal hydrogen ion concentra- tion of blood plasma and other extra- cellular fluids, iv, 54, 57. respiratory regulation of free Hz CO3 of the blood, iv, 56, 64. — normal and abnormal variation in, representation of combined varia- tions in blood bicarbonate and hy- drion concentration, iv, 67. and resultant effects on physio- logical functions, iv, 67. — normal variations in, iv, 72. — compensated alkali deficit, iv, 73. — compensated COz deficit, iv, 73. uncompensated alkali deficit, iv, 75. uncompensated COz excess, iv, 74. — relation of changes in, to the changes in other body fluids, iv, 76. Acid-base equilibruimp and blood poi- sons, iii, 744. — effect on, of arsenic, iii, 754. of phosphorus, iii, 750. Acid sodium urate, iv, 465, 466. • — solubility of, and temperature, iv, 466. Acidosis, after anesthesia, iv, 92. Acidosis, alkalies treatment of, iii, 734. — and diabetes, iv, 277. — cause of, iii, 458. Acidosis, definition of, iii, 733; iv, 52. — diabetic, clinical conditions in, com- parison of, with results of different tests for alkali deficit, table, iv, 85. — diagnosis of, iv, 88. — therapy for, iv, 89. — type and cause of, iv, 88. — diagnosis of, general considerations concerning, iv, 86. — in diabetes, iv, 88. — in diarrhea of infants, iv, 91. — in nephritis, iv, 90. — due to oxygen lack, iv, 544. — historical data on, iv, 51. — in cyclic vomiting of children, cause of, iv, 92. — diagnosis of, iv, 92. — therapy for, iv, 92. -type of, iv, 92. — in diarrheal attacks of infants, alka- line treatment for, iii, 735. — diagnosis of, iv, 91. — therapy for, iv, 92. — type and cause of, iv, 90. — in nephritis, iv, 313. — diagnosis of, iv, 90. — therapy for, iv, 90. type and cause of, iv, 89. — in pneumonia, lobar, iv, 130. — in shock, iv, 256. — intravenous injection of sodium bi- carbonate for, iii, 792. — nature of, iv, 52. — of anesthesia, iii, 734. — of diabetes, iii, 734. — of nephritis, iii, 735. — retention, iii, 735. — role of, in uremia, iv, 391. — therapy of, bicarbonate, administra- tion of, iv, 86. general consideration concerning, iv, 86. in cyclic vomiting of children, iv, 92. in diabetes, iv, 89. in diarrhea of infants, iv, 92. in nephritis, iv, 90. Acids, effects of, on metabolism, iii, 733. — or acid-forming foods, prolonged ad- ministration of, iii, 334. Acne vulgaris, associated with, diet, iv, 698. digestive disturbances, iv, 696. — miscellaneous causes, iv, 704. Acroasphyxia, associated with miscel- laneous causes, iv, 704. Acromegalic, description of, i, 49 ; i, 69. GENERAL INDEX 697 Acromegalic type of gigantism in childhood, ii, 832. Acromegaly, and osteoporosis, iv, 761. • — as a major endocrine syndrome, ii, 935. — associated endocrine disturbances, adrenals, i, 840 pancreas, i, 840. parathyroids, i, 840. pineal body, i, 840. thymus, i, 840. thyroid, i, 840. — combined with muscular dystrophy, ii, 910. — effect on, of pituitary gland sub- stances, iii, 785. • — gigantism with, ii, 816. and infantilism, ii, 827. examples of, ii, 817. metabolism in, ii, 836. — circulatory system in, i, 836. — clinical conception of, i, 805. — clinical picture of, i, 809. early symptoms, i, 810. later symptoms, i, 811. See also Primary Symptoms and Lesions and Secondary Symptoms and Lesions. Acromegaly, complicating exophthal- mic goiter, i, 345. — complicating Graves' disease, i, 345. — conception of, history of develop- ment of, i, 805. — congenital, cases suggesting, i, 812. — definition of, i, 805. — differentiated from exophthalmic goiter, i, 851. from hemihypertrophy, i, 851. hypertrophic pulmonary osteoar- thropathy, i, 848. from myxedema, i, 851. from ostitis deformans, i, 851. from ostitis, familial hyperplastic and deforming, i, 850. from syringomyelia, i, 851. • — diminished sexual power in, i, 69. — epileptiform convulsions in, i, 847. — etiology of, acute infections, i, 808. age and sex, i, 807. fright, i, 809. heredity, i, 807. pregnancy, i, 808. trauma, i, 808. — general features of conformation of body and of skeletal changes, i, 827. in skull, i, 831. mandible, i, 831. occiput, i, 833. Acromegaly, general features of corn- formation of body and of skeletal changes, in skull, palate, i, 831. — sella turcica, i, 833. — vault changes, i, 833. — genital system in, i, 838. — glycosuria in, i, 837. • — history of, i, 55, 56. — in childhood, i, 813. — latent, and homosexualism, i, 69. — metabolic disturbances in, glycosu- ria, i, 837. — other, 838. — metabolism in, ii, 836. — milk secretion in, i, 839. — muscular system in, i, 835. • — ocular symptoms of, i, 844. — onset of, i, 807. - in childhood, 813. • — pain of, i, 847. — pituitary posterior, therapy for, i, 112. — whole, therapy in, i, 122. • — primary symptoms and lesions of, associated endocrine disturbances, i, 839. • circulatory system, i, 836. — genital system, i, 838. metabolic disturbances, glycosu- ria, i, 837. — other, 838. — muscular system, i, 835. psychoses, i, 840. respiratory tract, upper, i, 835. skeletal changes, i, 817. cranium, i, 818. — extremities, i, 826. — facial bones, i, 822. -pelvis, i, 825. ribs, i, 825. — scapulae, i, 826. — spine, i, 824. — sternum and clavicles, i, 826. skin and its appendages, i, 884. — prognosis of, i, 851. — psychoses of, i, 840. — relation between hypophysis cerebri and, i, 721. feeding experiments with gland, i, 724. results of extirpation of gland, i, 72. — respiratory tract in, i, 835. — secondary symptoms and lesions of, epileptiform convulsions, i, 847. ocular, i, 844. pain, i, 847. , spinal cord complications, i, 847. 698 GENERAL INDEX Acromegaly, sexual desire and power in, i, 839. — skeletal changes in, cranium, i, 818. — — description of skeleton, i, 818. extremities, i, 826. facial bones, i, 822. general features of conformation of body and, i, 827. pelvis, i, 825. — ribs, i, 825. scapulae, i, 826. skull, i, 831. -mandible, i, 831. - occiput, i, 833. — palate, i, 831. — sella turcica, i, 833. — vault changes, i, 833. spine, i, 824. sternum and clavicles, i, 826. — skin changes in, i, 834. — spinal cord complications of, i, 847. — treatment of, i, 852. glandular, i, 852. — rontgenologic, i, 852. — surgical, i, 853. — indications for and choice of operation, i, 856. Acroparestesias, differentiated from tet- any, i, 682. Actinomycosis, of hypophysis cerebri, i, , 787. Acute yellow atrophy of liver, composi- tion of liver in, iv, 6£>4. — liver functional tests in, iv, 653. Adamkiewicz-Hopkins-Cole reaction of proteins, iii, 98. Addison, Robert, monograph of, observ- ing that suprarenals, in common with the spleen, thymus and thyroid body, minister to the elaboration of the blood, i, 55. Addison, Thomas, monograph of, "On the Constitutional and Local Effects of Disease of the Suprarenal Cap- sules/' i, 54. Addison's disease, as a major endocrin syndrome, ii, 934. — Barker's "typical triad" of, i, 55. - Brown-Sequardi's experimental rer production of, i, 55. — chart of, ii, 952. — coexisting with Graves' disease, i, 345. — course of, ii, 299. — diagnosis of, ii, 300. asthenia, ii, 301. hypof unction of suprarenal glands, ii, 302. Addison's disease, diagnosis of, lym- phatic anomalies, ii, 301. — pigmentation of, differentiated from other conditions involving, ii, 300. — pigmentation of mucous mem- branes, ii, 301. vasomotor skin reflex, or "white line," ii, 302. — diarrhea of, antispastic action of epinephrin in, i, 140. — metabolism in, iv, 640. — differentiated from insuffisance plu- riglandulaire of Claude and Gouge- rot, ii, 890. — etiology of, ii, 278. — history of, i, 55. — introduction to, ii, 277. — mortality from, ii, 278. — occurrence of, ii, 278. — onset of, ii, 290. — pathogenesis of, Addison's original conception of, ii, 282. — anatomical comprehension of glands, as indispensable to under- standing of modern conception of, ii, 285. — and status thymicolymphaticus, ii, 288. — antitoxic theory, ii, 284. — arterial hypotension, ii, 290. — asthenia; ii, 289. — chromaphil cell inadequacy theory, ii, 288. — cortical lesions as factor of pri- mary importance in, ii, 288. — emergency theory of, ii, 286. — functions of gland and of constit- uents of, in relation to, ii, 287. gastro-intestinal symptoms, ii, 290. — glandular inadequacy theory, ii, 283. glandular theory of, ii, 283. — hypothermia, ii, 290. — internal secretion theory, ii, 284. — metabolic theory of, ii, 286. nervous disturbances, ii, 290. nervous theory of, ii, 283. pigmentation, ii, 289. tons theory of, ii, 286. — pathology of, ii, 279. alterations in sympathetic system, ii, 281. anatomical changes, ii, 279. — atrophy of glands, ii, 280. changes in other endocrin glands in, ii, 282,. GENEEAL INDEX 699 Addison's disease, pathology of, changes in other organs, ii, 282. — chromaphil system, ii, 281. — epinephrin content in, ii, 282. lipoid content of cortex in, ii, 282. neoplasms of glands, ii, 281. tuberculosis of glands, ii, 280. — produced by removal of suprarenal capsules, experiments of Brown-Se- quard (1856), i, 60. — prognosis of, ii, 303. — suprarenal pathology in, ii, 268. — suprarenal substances in treatment of, i, 131. — symptomatology of, abdominal ten- derness and pain, ii, 294. arterial hypotension, ii, 295. in relation to pathogenesis, ii, 290. asthenia, ii, 292. in relation to pathogenesis, ii, 289. blood, ii, 297. cardiac, ii, 295. cardinal symptoms, ii, 290, 291. cerebral, ii, 295. clinical picture of, ii, 290. gastro-intestinal symptoms, ii, 294. in relation to pathogenesis, ii, 290. • gastropathy, ii, 298. genital, ii, 296. initial stages, Addison's portrayal of, ii, 291. melanoderma, ii, 293. metabolism, ii, 298. nervous, ii, 294. neuralgic pains, ii, 295. onset, ii, 290. pigmentation, of mucous mem- branes, ii, 293. in relation to pathogenesis, ii, 289. — of skin, ii, 292. skin, apart from pigmentation and melanoderma, ii, 296. temperature, ii, 296. urine, ii, 297. — variations from type of, ii, 296. — treatment of glandular therapy, ii, 304. — so-called "casual" or "substitu- tion" therapy, ii, 304. — suprarenal gland therapy, ii, 305. Addison's disease, treatment of glandu- lar therapy, suprarenal gland ther- apy, data concerning physiological action of epinephrin, ii, 307. — of gland substance, ii, 206. — earlier preparations and ad- ministration of, ii, 306. — epinephrin administration, ii, 208. — general conclusions from re- ports of, ii, 309. — preparation most commonly used, ii, 308. — symptomatic, ii, 310. — transplantation, ii, 305. — tuberculosis of suprarenals in, ii, 268. — variations from type of, ii, 296. Adenase, distribution of, iii, 156. Adenine, iii, 137, 138. — formula for, iv, 413. Adenoids, and pituitary deficiency, i, 880. Adenoma, of the hypophysis cerebri. See Hypophysis Cerebri, adenoma of. — of the testicle, ii, 488. — of the thyroid gland. See Thyroid Gland, adenoma of. Adenomata of the ovaries, ii, 607. Adiposis dolorosa, iv, 40. — differentiated from dystrophia adi- posogenitalis, i, 909. — etiology of, iv, 41. — pathology of, iv, 41. — prognosis of, iv, 41. — symptoms of, iv, 40. Adiposity, associated with pineal dis- ease, ii, 55. Adolescence, psychoses of, pituitary (whole) therapy in, i, 123. Adipositas dolorosa, differentiated from hypothyroidism, i, 425. Adrenal cortex tumor, causing prema- ture puberty, ii, 505. Adrenal gland, and obesity, iv, 39. Adrenal glands, relation between dis- turbances of bone metabolism and, iv, 766. Adrenal secretion, pouring out of thy- roidal secretion and, during surgical shock or under the passion of fear, i, 55. Adrenal tumors, gigantism in child- hood associated with, ii, 831. Adrenalin, amount of pressor com- pound present in, ii, 91. — history of, Aldrich, ii, 83, 84. TOO GENERAL INDEX Adrenalin, history of, Batelli, ii, 84. Bertrand, ii, 84. - Takamine, ii, 82. -Weidlein, ii, 84. — influence of, on blood sugar, iii, 258. — properties of, ii, 88. — quantitative determination of, ii, 90. — synonyms for, ii, 92. — synthesis of, ii, 85. Adrenals, and sympathetic system, in- fluence of on glycogenolysis, glyco- genesis and glucolysis, iii, 257. — disturbances of, associated with ac- romegaly, i, 840. — in senescence, i, 23. Adrenine, pharmacology of, i, 750. Adult life, influence of ovaries during, ii, 613. Age, as factor in, cretinic degenera- tion, i, 448. — in cystinuria, iv, 524. — diabetes insipidus., iv, 863. — dystrophia adiposogenitalis, i, 904. — exophthalmic goiter, i, 306. — hypothyroidism, i, 384. — iodin content of thyroid, i, 250. — obesity, iv, 34. — pellagra, iv, 902. results of parathyroidectomy, i, 525. — in acromegaly, i, 807. — influence of, on basal metabolism, iii, 612. — infants from two weeks to one year, iii, 646. — on hypophysis cerebri, i, 770. — in tetany, i, 578. — idiopathic form, i, 646. — old. See Old Age. Agenitalism, due to castration, in early life, ii, 616. — in later life, ii, 617. — due to congential absence of both ovaries, ii, 616. Agglutination test for tranfusion, iii, 835. — method of performing, iii, 833. Air, combustion and respiration of, -Boerhaave (1668-1738), iii, 11. Eobert Boyle (1621-1679), iii, 8. Hales, Stephen (1677-1761), iii, 11. John Mayow (1640-1679), iii, 9. Stahl (1660-1734), iii, 11. Willis (1621-1675), iii, 11. — dephlogisted, iii, 16. — "eminently respirable" of Lavoisier, or oxygen, iii, 22. Air, fire, of Scheele, iii, 17. — fixed, iii, 15. — Lavoisier, iii, 22. — inflammable, or hydrogen, iii, 15, 23. — in history of metabolism, Kobert Boyle, iii, 8. — outdoor, analysis of, iii, 541. — residual, or nitrogen gas, iii, 16. — spoiled, or nitrogen, of Scheele, iii, 17. Air analyzers, Haldane's method, iii, 540. Air currents, cooling power of, at dif- ferent velocities, iii, 604. Air movements, effects of, iii, 902. Alanin, iii, 84, 107. Albinism, ii, 764. Albumin, iii, 428. Albuminoids, iii, 83. Albumins, iii, 82. Albuminuria, and eclampsia, iv, 835. — ocular symptoms due to, ii, 779. — of automatic origin, i, 335. Alcohol, absorption of, iii, 297. — and muscular work, iii, 301. — combustion of, iii, 300. — distribution of, after absorption, iii, 299. — effect of, on metabolism, iii, 764. — carbohydrate, iii, 764. — fat, iii, 765. protein, iii, 300, 764. — purin, iii, 300. reproduction and growth, iii, 765. - total, iii, 299, 764. — excretion of, iii, 298. — in diabetes, iii, 301. — in rectal feeding, iii, 812. — metabolism of, von Liebig, iii, 49. — nutritive value of, iii, 297. — soluble proteins, iii, 83. Aldol condensation, iii, 225. Aldohexoses, dulcital series, iii, 224. — isomerism of, iii, 222. — mannitol series of, iii, 223. Aldopentoses, table of, iii, 241. Alimentary canal, action of epinephrin on, pharmacodynamic, i, 126. vasconstricting, i, 136. — hypophyseal hormonotherapy in dis- turbances of, i, 116. — response in, to epinephrin, ii, 238. Alimentary catarrh in children, sul- phur water as therapeutic agent in, iii, 851. Alimentary lipemia, iii, 201. Alimentary pentosuria, iv, 292. Alimentary tract, in obesity, iv, 35. GENEKAL INDEX 701 Alkali excess, in acid-base balance of the blood, uncompensated, iv, 72. uncompensated, iv, 68. Alkali retention test for alkali deficit, iv, 81. Alkali therapy, in diabetes, iii, 316, 734. in nephritis, iii, 793. reaction of urine in, attention to, iii, 793. as routine before and after sur- gical procedures, iii, 793. — See Alkaine Treatment. Alkalies, action of, iii, 227. — administration of, to man, effect of, iii, 334. — -effect of, on absorption, iii, 318. on metabolism, iii, 732. in acidosis, iii, 734. of infants during diarrhea, iii, 735. in anesthesia, iii, 734. in diabetes, iii, 734. in retention acidosis, iii, 735. in uranium nephritis, iii, 735. neutrality regulation, iii, 732. — in human body, iii, 315. Alkaline condition of intestines, in metabolic disturbances of infancy, iv, 784. Alkaline treatment, of acidosis, iii, 734, 792. of anesthesia, iii, 734. of infants during diarrhea, iii, 735. retention, iii, 735. — in gout, iii, 739. — of uranium nephritis, iii, 735. Alkaline-saline waters, effect of, on gastric secretion, iii, 848. Alkaline waters, carbonated, effect of, on gastric mucosa, iii, 848. — effect of, on gastric secretion, iii, 848. on metabolism, iii, 849. on pancreatic secretion, iii, 849. — therapeutic value of, iii, 850. Alkalinity, effect on, of purins, iii, 780. Alkalinization of urine, iii, 849. Alkalinuria, iv, 461. Alkalosis, in progressive muscular dys- trophy, iv, 724. — with creatinuria, iv, 724. — with hypoglycemia, iv, 724. Alkapton, formation of, in body, iv, 506. table of alkapton formers, iv, 507. Alkaptonuria, and consanguinity, iv, 502. — character of, iv, 501. — definition of, iv, 501. — intestinal bacterial origin, objec- tions to, iv, 508. — properties of alkapton formers in body, iv, 508. — table of alkapton formers, iv, 507. — transformation of tyrosin to ho- mogentisic acid, iv, 507. -history of, iv, 503. — hypothesis of, as due to closure of one of two paths normally followed by aromatic amino acids, iv, 511. — as due to failure to break down homogentisic molecule, iv, 510. — metabolic findings in, iv, 513. — occurrence of, iv, 501, 503. — oxidation in and benzol ring, iv, 511, 51o. — prognosis in, iv, 514. — relationship between ocronosis and, iv, 514. — substances influencing excretion of, iv, 509. — symptoms of, iv, 501. — table showing daily H : N ratios, iv, 512. — treatment of, iv, 514. — urine of, black, iv, 501. — glycosuric acid in, iv, 503. — homogentisic acid in, iv, 503. — amount excreted, iv, 511. — formation of, iv, 508. a pathological process, iv, 510. — formula for, iv, 504. — synthesis of, Baumann and Frankel, iv, 504. - Neubauer and Falta, iv, 506. — Osborne, iv, 505. — — transformation of tyrosin to, iv, 507. — isolation of substances in, iv, 503. — protocatechinic acid in, iv, 503. — pyrocatechol in, iv, 503. — substances in, iv, 503. — uroleucic acid in, iv, 503. Allantoin, formula for, iv, 414. — relation of, to uric acid, iv, 414. Allen method of starvation in diabetes, iv, 26. Alloxuric bases, iv, 413. Aloin, effect of, on metabolism, iii, 719. Alopecia, thyroid treatment of, i, 105. Altitude, and circulatory mechanism,. iii, 910. 702 GENERAL INDEX Altitude, and metabolism, iii, 910. — blood adaptive change, iii, 908. . — high, dangers of, iii, 911. effects of, iii, 906. — — respiratory adaptation to, iii, 908. — sickness, iii, 907. Aluminum, effect of, on mineral metab- olism, iii, 732. Alveolar CO2 tension, determination of, iv, 82. Amaurotic family idiocy in hypoph- seal disease, ii, 792. Ambard's coefficient of urea excretion, iv, 358. Amenorrhea, due to acute and chronic general diseases, ii, 626. — due to change of climate, treatment of, ii, 627. — due to disturbances of gonadal rhythm, ii, 594. primary involvement of ovary, ii, 594. — congenital hypoplasia of re- productive system, ii, 594. — corpus luteum persistans, ii, 595. — cystic degeneration of ovary, ii, 595. secondary ovarian impairment, ii, 595. causes unknown in exact mode of operation, ii, 596. drugs, ii, 596. endocrin upsets, ii, 595. systemic diseases, ii, 596. trophic disturbances, ii, 595. — due to ductless gland disturbances, pituitary, ii, 625. suprarenal, ii, 626. thyroid, ii, 625. — due to hypogenitalism, ii, 624. — due to mental and psychic factors, ii, 626. — lactation, ii, 625. — ovarian therapy in, ii, 597. — of pregnancy, ii, 625. — physiological, ii, 625. Amidomyelin, of brain, iii, 470. Amino-acid content of different pro- teins, iii, 96. — relative, table of, iii, 97. Amino-acid nitrogen, in urine, amounts found by various investigators, table, iv, 475. Amino-acids, absorbed, fate of in the blood, iii, 104. — aromatic amino-acids, iii, 89. phenyl-alanin, iii, 89, 113. Amino-acids, absorbed, tyrosin, iii, 90, 113. — compounds of, iii, 93, 94. possible, number of, iii, 95. — deaminization of, by bacteria, iii, 675. — diamino-acids, iii, 88. — arginin, iii, 89, 112. — lysin, iii, 88, 112. — ornithin, iii, 89, 113. — dibasic mono amino-acids, iii, 86. — aspartic acid, iii, 86, 110. — combinations, iii, 87, 110. — glutamic acid, iii, 87, 110. — effect of, on metabolism, iii, 774. — fate of, in the body, table summar- izing, iii, 115. — in the tissues, iii, 105. — fate of non-nitrogenous fraction of, iii, 107. — heterocyclic amino-acids, iii, 90. - histidin, iii, 91, 114. — — oxyprolin, iii, 90, 114. -prolin, iii, 90, 114. — tryptophan, iii, 91, 115. — hydroxy- and thio-a-amino acids, iii, 87. b-hydroxyglutamic acid, iii, 88, 110. cystein, iii, 88, 111. — cystin, iii, 88, 111. — serin, iii, 87, 111. — of brain, iii, 471. — of the blood, iii, 442. — in urine, increased amount of, in pathological conditions, or amino- aciduria, iv, 475. Amino-acids, in nephritis, iv, 331. — leucin, in urine, iv, 476. — monobasic mono amino-acids, iii, 84. alanin, iii, 84, 107. a-amino butyric acid, iii, 85, 108. combinations of, carboxyl, iii, 86. glycocoll hydrochlorid, iii, 86. sodium glycocollate, iii, 86. glycocoll, iii, 84, 107. iso-leucin, iii, 85, 109. leucin, iii, 85, 109. normal leucin, iii, 86, 109. valin, iii, 85, 109. — number of, iii, 95. — of the urine, iii, 490. — physiological value of, experiments illustrating, of Osborne and Mendel, iii, 127, 128, 129. — role of, in structure of protein mole- cule, iii, 91. — tyrosin, in urine, iv, 476. GENERAL INDEX 703 Aminoaciduria, conditions causing, iv, 476. Amino butyric acid, iii, 85, 108, Amino-purines, adenine, iii, 137. chemical relation of, with oxy- purines, iii, 138. guanine, iii, 137. — formation of oxy-purines from, iii, 151. Amins, aromatic, formation of, iii, 687. physiological action of, iii, 687. — formation of, iii, 680. effects on, of utilizable carbohy- drate, iii, 685. Ammonia, and free acid, determination of excretion of, iv, 83. — as toxic agent in intoxication theory of parathyroid tetany i, 542. — change of, into urea, iii, 675. — effect of, on metabolism, iii, 773. — endogenous, iii, 676. — formation, iv, 56, 66. — of the blood, iii, 442. — of the urine, iii, 48.9. Amphibia, relation to growth and de- velopment in, of hypophysis cerebri, i, 189. of thyroid, i, 184. — thyroidectomy in, i, 230. Amylin hydrate, effect of, on metabo- lism, iii, 764. Amyloid degeneration, of hypophysis cerebri, i, 776. — of suprarenals, ii, 263. Amyotonia congenita, metabolism in, iv, 730. Anabolism, bone, iv, 735. Anaphylaxis active, iv, 197. — and antithrombin, ii, 679. — and the spleen, ii, 669. -anti-, iv, 198. — degrees of hypersensitiveness, non- specific alteration of, iv, 216. — etiology of, iv, 205. cellular and humoral theories, iv, 205. evidence regarding theories of, iv, 206, 207. — intracellular theory, iv, 206, 211. — experimental, differentiated from na- tural idiosyncrasies, iv, 227. pathological physiology of, iv, 198. • blood and blood-forming or- gans, iv, 203. blood pressure, iv, 201. capillaries, iv, 201. — cardiovascular mechanism, iv, 201. Anaphylaxis active, experimental, path- ological physiology of, in cat, iv, 199. -in dog, iv, 199, 202. — gastro-intestinal tract, iv, 202. -heart, iv, 202. — in guinea-pig, iv, 199. in man, iv, 200. in rabbit, iv, 199. -liver, iv, 203. — lungs, iv, 201. — muscles, iv, 204. — relationship of, to diseases in man, iv, 218. — heat regulation in, iv, 213. — historical, iv, 197. — hypersensitiveness, degrees of, iv, 224. — variations in, iv, 225. -forms of, iv, 222. — materials producing, variety of, iv, 226. — idiosyncrasies of, iv, 222. — natural, differentiated from ex- perimental anaphylaxis, iv, 227. — introduction to, iv, 197. — metabolism in, asthma, iv, 229. heat regulation, iv, 213. — protein, iv, 209. — respiratory, iv, 212. urticaria, iv, 229. — multiple sensitizations, iv, 227. — non-specific alteration of the degrees of hypersensitiveness, iv, 216. — passive, iv, 197. — pathological physiology of, in experi- mental anaphylaxis, iv, 198. — blood and blood-forming or- gans, iv, 203. — blood pressure, iv, 201. — capillaries, iv, 201. — cardiovascular mechanism, iv, 201. — gastro-intestinal tract, iv, 202. -heart, iv, 202. — in cat, iv, 199. - in dog, iv, 199, 202. — in guinea pig, iv, 199. — in man, iv, 200. -in rabbit, iv, 199. . — liver, iv, 203. — lungs, iv, 201. muscles, iv, 204. — serum and cellular ferments, iv, 214. — pathology of, iv, 208. — phenomena of, iv, 197. — place of formation of poisonous sub- stance which brings about anaphy- lactic shock, iv, 205. 704: GENEBAL INDEX Anaphylaxis action, protein intoxica- tion, iv, 230. — protein metabolism in, iv, 209. — quantitative relations between sensi- tizing dose, length of incubation period, minimal anaphylactic dose and minimal desensitizing dose, iv, 198. — reactions of, from drugs and from protein substances, attempts to cor- relate, iv, 226. — manner of producing, iv, 224. — refractory and sensitive conditions, iv, 198. — relationship of experimental ana- phylaxis to diseases in man, iv, 218. — respiratory metabolism in, iv, 212. — sensitization, relative susceptibility of different species to, iv, 228. spontaneous, diseases associated with, iv, 228. — sensitizations, multiple, iv, 227. — serum and cellular ferments in, iv, 214. — serum disease, blood coagulation in, iv, 221. — clinical picture of, iv, 218. — definition of, iv, 219. — factors concerning development and recovery from, iv, 221. — incubation period of, iv, 219. mechanism causing, iv, 221. reactions in, accelerated, iv, 220. immediate, iv, 220. —normal, iv, 219. -types of, iv, 219. tissue changes in, iv, 220. — substances involved in, as hepatic internal secretion, ii, 679. — theories of, cellular, iv, 205. evidence regarding, iv, 206, 207. humoral, iv, 205. — intracellular, iv, 206, 211. Anchylostomiasis, metabolism in, iv, 636. Anemia, and blood lipoids, iii, 446. — arsenic waters in, iii, 851. — associated with thyroid disease, i, 350. — Banti's disease, purin metabolism in, iv, 580. — before operation, blood transfusion in, iii, 833. — blood tranfusion in, beneficial effects of, iii, 822. — bothriocephalus, purin metabolism in, iv, 581. — congenital hemolytic jaundice, purin metabolism in, iv, 581. Anemia, chronic forms of, blood trans- fusion in, indications for, iii, 832. — chronic hemolytic, blood transfusion in, indications for, iii, 832. — from blood loss, blood transfusion in, indications for, iii, 832. — general effects of, on body, iii, 821. — hemolytic, iron metabolism in, iv, 588. — nitrogen partition in, iv, 584. — protein metabolism in, iv, 576. — purin metabolism in, iv, 580. -idiopathic aplastic, blood transfu- sion in, indications for, iii, 832. — iron waters in, iii, 851. — metabolism in, basal, iv, 567. — compensatory factors in ane- mic states, iv, 570. — experimental and clinical ob- servations, iv, 567. — high, causes of, iv, 573. — influence on, of diet, iv, 594. — of rontgen-rays and radium, iv, 601. — of splenectomy, iv, 596. — of transfusion, iv, 594. — iron, iv, 585. — table of, iv, 587. * — mineral, phosphoric acid, calcium and magnesium, iv, 590. — sulphur, iv, 591. — protein hemolytic varieties, iv, 576. — nitrogen balance, iv, 574. — purin, iv, 579. — experimental and clinical ob- servations, iv, 580. — partition of other nitrogenous constituents of urine, iv, 583. — nitrogen balance in, iv, 574. — pernicious, blood transfusion in, in- dications for, iii, 831. metabolism in, basal, iv, 568. nitrogen partition in, iv, 584. treatment of,. by x-rays, iii, 886. — secondary, metabolism in, purin, iv, 580. respiratory, iv, 568. table, iv, 569. — treatment of, by diet, influence of, on metabolism, iv, 594. by rontgen-rays and radium, in- fluence of, on metabolism, iv, 601. by splenectomy, influence of, on metabolism, iv, 596. by transfusion, influence of, on metabolism, iv, 594. GENERAL INDEX 705 Anemic states, compensatory factors in, iv, 570. Anencephaly, aplasia or hypoplasia of suprarenals in, ii, 259. Anesthesia, acidosis after, iv, 92. — acidosis of, alkaline treatment of, iii, 734. — local, epinephrin in, i, 135. Anesthetics, general, chloroform and ether, effect of, on metabolism, iii, 760. acid-alkali, iii, 762. carbohydrate, iii, 761. fat, iii, 762. ferments, iii, 763. mineral, iii, 763. protein, iii, 760. water, iii, 763. Anestrum, ii, 551. Angio-neurotic edema, ii, 771. — associated with diet, iv, 698. — associated with digestive disturb- ances, iv, 697. — due to protein poisoning, iv, 158. Angiosclerotic changes, in thyroid dis- ease, i, 353. Animal calorimetry on heat. See Cal- orimetry. Animal nucleic acids, iii, 145. Animal parasites, of hypophysis cere- bri, i, 802. Anisocoria, i, 323. Anti-anaphylaxis, iv, 198. Antiketogenesis, iii, 271. Antimony, effect of, on metabolism, iii, 753. nitrogen, iii, 754. on uric acid excretion, iii, 754. Antineuritic vitamin (water-soluble B), iii, 342. — sources of, in food, iii, 346. Antipyretics, effect of, on metabolism, iii, 767, 770. acid-alkali, iii, 771. carbohydrate, iii, 770. ethylhydrocuperin, iii, 772. in fever, iii, 768. of reproduction and growth, iii, 769. protein, iii, 769. quinin and its congeners, iii, 772. total, iii, 767. — theory of reduction of fever by, iii, 771. Antiscorbutic vitamins, iii, 345. — sources of, iii, 346. Antispasmodics, i, 49. Antisyphilitic preparations, arsenical, and epinephrin, i, 140. Antithrombin, and anaphylaxis, ii, 679. — as an hepatic internal secretion, ii, 680. Antitoxic theory of Addison's disease, ii, 284. Aplasia, of hypophysis cerebri, i, 790. — of suprarenals. See Suprarenals, ii, aplasia of. — of the thymus, ii, 381. Appendicitis, metabolism in, iv, 631. Appetite, disturbances of, of autonomic origin, i, 331. Arabinose, iii, 241. Arginin, iii, 89, 112. — as source of creatin of urine, iii, 494. Aristotle, on food, iii, 5. Arm and leg phenomenon (Pool's), in tetany, i, 599, 674. Arm phenomenon, in tetany, Alexan- der's observation of, i, 601. — Ferenczi's observation of, i, 601. Aromatic oxyacids and derivatives, iii, 499. Arsenic, distribution of, in body, iii, 308. — effect of, on acid-base equilibrium, iii, 754. — on body temperature, iii, 755. on ferments, iii, 755. — on metabolism, iii, 753. — carbohydrate, iii, 754. — nitrogen, iii, 754. — total, iii, 754. — water, iii, 755. — on uric acid excretion, iii, 754. Arsenical antisyphilitic preparations, and epinephrin, i, 140. Arsenic waters, effects of, iii, 851. Arterial blood, observations on, iv, 546. Arterial hypotension, in Addison's dis- ease, ii, 290, 295. Arterial pressure, increased, in nephri- tis, iv, 397. — acute, iv, 398. and secondary contracted kidney, iv, 399. cause of, iv, 401. cause of, blood volume and ple- thora, iv, 402. — epinephrin, iv, 404. — increased vasomotor tone, iv, 403. insufficient renal function, iv, 401. internal secretions derived from kidney, iv, 405. 706 GENERAL INDEX Arterial pressure, increased, cause of, viscosity of blood, iv, 402. chronic diffuse (parenchymatous), iv, 399. essential hypertension and pri- mary contracted kidney, iv, 400. influence on, of food products, iv, 406. nephrosis, iv, 398. occurrence of, iv, 398. Arterial symptoms of autonomic origin, i, 327. Arterial system, effect on, of epine- phrin, ii, 188. Arteriosclerosis, and osteitis deformans, iv, 765. — osteomalacia and, iv, 761. Arthritic states, ocular symptoms due to, ii, 778. Arthritides, differentiated from tetany, i, 662. Arthritis, chronic, treatment of, by radium, iii, 886. — primary atrophic metabolism in, iv, 773. — table of observations, iv, 775, 776, 777. — primary hypertrophic, metabolism in, iv, 773. table of observations, iv, 774. — rheumatoid, treatment of, by x-rays, iii, 886. Arthritis deformans, thymus therapy in, i, 144. Arthritism, infantile, of Comby, i, 55. Arthropathies, classification of, iv, 772. — gout, iv, 772. primary atrophic arthritis, iv, 773. primary hypertrophic arthritis, iv, 773. — secondary to infections, iv, 773. trophic arthropathies secondary to diseases of central nervous system, iv, 772. Arthropathologic changes, in thyroid disease, i, 353. Athroptic infants, metabolism in, iv, 799. ^ Artificial methods of feeding. See Feeding, artificial method of. Ascites, in cirrhosis of liver, iv, 158. — of edema, iv, 157. Ash, in diet, amount of, required, iii, 394. ordinary, constitutents of, iii, 396. — in the brain, iii, 471. — in the feces, iii, 510. — milk, iii, 478, 479. Ash, minimum of constituents of, iii, 411. — presence of, in thyroid gland, i, 245. — relation of constitutents of, to one another, iii, 413. Aspartic acid, iii, 86, 110. Asphyxia, as inducing suprarenal secre- tion, ii, 174. — influence of, on epinephrin output, iii, 143. Asphyxial glycosuria, iii, 740. Asphyxiants, effect of, on metabolism, iii, 740. asphyxial glycosuria, iii, 740, — blood poisons, iii, 744. carbon dioxid, iii, 741. carbon monoxid, iii, 742. — cyanids, iii, 745. Asthenia, in Addison's disease, ii, 289, 292, 301. — muscular, as symptom of suprarenal insufficiency, ii, 106. Asthma, anaphylaxis in, iv, 229. — bronchial, antispastic action of epinephrin in, i, 138. hypophyseal hormontherapy in, i, 117. — thymic, ii, 399. — thyroid treatment of, i, 102. "Asthma thymicum," i, 55. Asymmetry, iii, 218. Athyreosis, i, 381. — fetal, in animals, i, 398. — symptomatology of, i, 397. Atoms, relation of to one another in the molecule, Pasteur, iii, 219. Atony of the stomach, metabolism in, iv, 622. Atophan, effect of, on metabolism, iii, 772. Atophan therapy, in gout, iv, 448. Atrophies of the thyroid gland, i, 282. — exhaustion, i, 276, 278, 283. — following castration and iodin ad- ministration, i, 283. — pressure, i, 283. — senile, i, 282. Atrophy, muscular, in thyroid disease, i, 350. — of hypophysis cerebri, i, 790. — of liver, acute yellow, composition of liver in, iv, 654. live functional tests in, iv, 653. — of suprarenals, in Addison's disease, ii, 280. — of the testicle, ii, 475. — of the thymus, ii, 381. — optic nerve, hereditary, ii, 792. GENERAL INDEX 707 Atrophy, pigment, ii, 762. Atropin, action of, on epinephrin out- put, ii, 149. — effect of, on metabolism, iii, 774. Atwater and Benedict's apparatus for measuring respiratory exchange, iii, 524. Atwater and Rosa's apparatus for mea- suring respiratory exchange, iii, 518. Autocoids, classes of, chalones, i, 4. harmones, i, 4. — terminology of, i, 4. Autografting, i, 36. Auto-intoxication, as cause of intesti- nal obstruction, iv, 633. — factors in, iv, 634. — gastro-intestinal, as an etiological agent in visual disturbances, ii, 776. Autonomic-endocrin relationship, clin- ical significance of, i, 166. — distribution of autonomic com- ponents of nervous system, i, 163. — extensive scope of, i, 161. — gonads, clinical manifestations of disturbed gonadal endocrin functions, i, 177. nervous manifestations following castration, i, 177. — hormone control of bodily functions, i, 161. — hypophysis, i, 174. — intimate, i, 166. — morphology of autonomic system, i, 162. — pancreas, hormone factors in glyco- genolysis, i, 176. nervous control of, i, 175. puncture glycosuria, i, 175. — parathyroids, i, 178. — pituitary, i, 174. — suprarenal glands, control of supra- renal secretion, i, 168. epinephrin, pharmacodynamic ac- tion of, i, 167. sympathetic system, i, 167. relation to glycosuria, i, 168. relation to vascular system, i, 169. — thymus gland, i, 179. — thyroid gland, i, 171. changes in sympathetic ganglia in Graves' disease, i, 173. clinical significance of thyroid- sympathetic relationship, i, 171. control of thyroid secretion, i, 171. Goetsch test for hyperthyroidism, i, 172, 481. hypothyroid states, i, 173. Autonomic-endocrin relationship, thy- roid gland, sympathetic and para- sympathetic hyperirritability in Graves' disease, i, 172. — vagotonia and sympathicotonia, i, 164. Antonomic influence, extensive scope of, i, 161. Autonomic nervous system, clinical groups of, sympathicotonia, i, 164, 165. — vagotonia, i, 164, 165. variability of symptomatology, i, 166. — distribution of components of, i, 163. structures, with exclusive para- sympathetic innervation, i, 163. — with exclusive sympathetic in- nervation, i, 163. — with stimulatory parasympa- thetic innervation, i, 163. — with stimulatory sympathetic and inhibitory parasympathetic in- nervation, i, 164. — disturbances of (thyroid). See Thy- roid Gland, disturbances of the auto- nomic system. — in tetany, depression, rather than excitation, of visceral nervous sys- tem, i, 613. hyperexcitability of vegetative nervous system, i, 611. increased chemical excitability, i, 610. — epinephrin hypersensitiveness, i, 610. — increased mechanical excitability, i, 610. trophic disturbances, i, 614. — morphology of, i, 162. — ocular signs originating from. See Ocular Signs. — relations between endocrin organs and. See Autonomic-endocrin Rela- tionship. — structures of, i, 163, 164. Autonomic nervous system, symptoms of, in suprarenal insufficiency, ii, 112. — variability of symptomatology of, as clinically seen, i, 166. /3-oxidation, in fat metabolism, iii, 208. Bacillary dysentery, treatment of, but- termilk, iii, 709. lactose-protein, iii, 709. Backwardness in children and infants, due to endocrine dystrophies, i, 410. 708 GENERAL INDEX Bacteria, analogy between metabolic waste products of man and, iii, 675. — classification of, parasitic, iii, 666. pathogenic, iii, 667. saprophytic, iii, 666. — cycles of, iii, 667. — decomposition of proteins by, of tryptophan, iii, 682. — of tyrosin, iii, 681. — differentiation from majority of plants and animals, iii, 665. — endotoxins of, iii, 677. — evolution of, from one type to an- other, iii, 668. — intestinal of normal nurslings, ef- fects of sugars upon intestinal flora, experimental evidence, iii, 694. relation between diet and mi- crobic response, iii, 691. role of, in infantile diarrhea, iv, 790, 791. — in the f eces, iii, 504. — living chemical reagents, iii, 668. — pathogenic, specificity of action of, and its relation to proteins and car- bohydrates, iii, 673. — phases in life history of, iii, 665. — rate of increase among, iii, 665. — role of, in decomposition of cystin, iv, 521. Bacterial action, specificity of, iii, 668. — ultimate chemistry of, iii, 668. Bacterial cells, iii, 665. — cytoplasm of, iii, 679. — elementary composition of, iii, 674. — relations between surface and vol- ume of, iii, 666. Bacterial metabolism, chemical require- ments for bacterial development, iii, 668. energy, iii, 669. structural, iii, 669. — chemistry of, iii, 678. decomposition of tryptophan, iii, 682. decomposition of tyrosin, iii, 681. phases of, iii, 678. anabolic or structural, iii, 678. ketabolic, iii, 678. reactions, effects of utilizable car- bohydrates on formation of phenols, indol and amins, iii, 685. formation of phenols, indol and indican, amins, iii, 680. illustrative of decomposition of proteins by bacteria, iii, 681. physiological action of aro- matic amins, iii, 687. Bacterial metabolism, general nature of products of bacterial growth, arising from utilization of proteins and of carbohydrates for energy, diphtheria toxin, iii, 669. — indol formation, iii, 670. — protein -liquefying enzymes, for- mation of, iii,' 670. — general .relations between surface and volume of bacteria and the gen- eral energy requirements of bacteria, iii, 665. — influence on, of saprophytism, para- sitism and pathogenism, iii, 666. — intestinal bacteriology, iii, 690. adolescent and adult, iii, 696. — exogenous intestinal infections, iii, 706. — of normal nurslings, iii, 691. — sour milk therapy and, iii, 700. • — nitrogenous, illustrative data, iii, 676. — quantitative measures of, iii, 674. — significance of, iii, 663. — sour milk therapy and, iii, 700. — specificity of action of pathogenic bacteria and its relation to proteins and carbohydrates, iii, 673. Bacterial nutrition, iii, 672. Bacterial theory of cretinic degenera- tion, i, 455. Bacterial toxins, complex nitrogenous, composition of, iii, 679. Bacteriology, intestinal, adolescent and adult, iii, 696. — exogenous intestinal infections, bromatherapy, iii, 706. — general history and development, iii, 690. — of normal nurslings, iii, 691. — effects of sugars upon intes- tinal flora, experimental evidence of, iii, 694. relation between diet and mi- crobic response, iii, 691. — sour milk therapy and intestinal metabolism, iii, 700. Bag method of Regnard, for measur- ing respiratory exchange, iii, 537. Banti's disease, purin metabolism in, iv, 580. Barium, in intravenous infusion, iii, 800. Barium salts, in parathyroid tetany, contra-indicated, i, 539. Barker, L. F., on relation of internal secretions of ductless glands to tonus of nervous system (1913), i, 75. GENERAL INDEX 709 Barral (1819-1884), experiments of, on metabolism of human beings, iii, 38. Barsickow's group of muscular dystro- phies, ii, 906. Basal metabolic rate, definition of, i, 484. — determination of, Boothby and San- diford, iii, 611. Basal metabolism, iii, 607. — comparison of, per kgm. and per sq. meter, of surface, table, iii, 610. • — formula? for predicting in healthy adults, iv, 32. • — in anemia, iii, 822 ; iv, 567. — in children, iv, 32. — in fever, and Yan't Hoff's law, iv, 121. • — influence on, of age, iii, 612. • of physical characteristics, iii, 608. • of sex, iii, 614. • — in leukemia, iv, 567. • — in pneumonia, lobar, iv, 124. • — in shock, iv, 257. • — meaning of term, iv, 31. • — of blood transfusion, iii, 828. • — of children, at puberty, iii, 654. • up to puberty, iii, 649. awake and sleeping, table, iii, 658. • influence on, of muscular ac- tivity, iii, 654. • of sex, iii, 652. of fat and thin boys, table, iii, 658. • — of infants, from two weeks to one year of age, iii, 642. • influence on, of age, iii, 646. new-born, iii, 632. influence on, of crying, iii, 637. • of food and external tem- perature, iii, 638. of sex, iii, 635. • — of radiation, iii, 883. • — determinations in thyroid disorders, principles of, i, 484. — See also Metabolism, basal. Basedow-iodin, i, 301. Basedow's disease, and iodin poisoning, i, 301. — See also Exophthalmic Goiter. — treatment of, by rontgen rays, iii, 887. Baths, cold, and cold douches, iii, 863. • effects of, iii, 856.^ • extra energy, iii, 858. • fever reduction, iii, 856. Baths, cold, effects of, on heat produc- tion, Ignatowski, iii, 857. -Lusk, iii, 858. -Matthes, iii, 857. -Rubner, iii, 858. redistribution of blood, iii, 859. refreshing, iii, 850. friction in, iii, 863. — effervescent, iii, 865. — hot, effects of, on metabolism, iii, 860, 861. — on oxygen consumption, iii. 860, 861. — on pulse and blood pressure, iii, 862. on respiratory quotient, iii, 861. — on temperature of body, iii, 860, 861. - with sand, iii, 863. — influence of mechanical and chemi- cal stimulation accompanying, iii, 862. — in treatment of edema, iv, 194. — mustard, iii, 863. — peat and mud, iii, 867. — radio-active, iii, 867. — salt, effects of, iii, 863. — on blood pressure, iii, 865. — on metabolism, iii, 863, 864. — sweat secretion, iii, 867. Battey, Robert, operation of, in excis- ing normal ovaries for relief of neu- rotic condition (1872), i, 66. Baumann, Eugen, discovery of iodin content in thyroid (1895), i, 84. — discovery of iodothyrin in body, sug- gesting relation of thyroid gland to iodin metabolism, i, 63. Bayliss-Starling, doctrine of hormones or chemical messengers, i, 62. Beeswax, iii, 185. Bence-Jones protein, chemical nature of, iv, 486. — discovery of, iv, 485. — digestive products of, iv, 486. — history of, iv, 485. — in bfood and lymph, iv, 487. — in bone, question of, iv, 485. — introduction to, iv, 485. — in urine, iv, 486. — metabolic studies of cases excreting, tables of, Folin and Denis, iv, 490, 491. -Hopkins and Savory (multiple myeloma case), iv, 492, 493. -Hopkins and Savory (three different cases), iv, 494, 495. 710 GENERAL INDEX Bence- Jones protein, metabolic studies of cases excreting, tables of, Seegel- ken (multiple myeloma), iv, 495, 496. Walters (multiple myeloma), iv, 496, 497, 498. — myelopathic proteosuria (Kahler's disease), iv, 498. — origin and nature of, theories re- garding, origin from bone, iv, 489. possible derivation from blood proteins, iv, 488. product of abnormal metabolism, iv, 490. proteose relationships, iv, 488. — proteosuria, iv, 487. — treatment of, iv, 500. Benedict's method of measuring re- spiratory exchange, i'ii, 544. Benzoates, effect of, on metabolism, iii, 726. Benzol, influence of, on metabolism, in blood diseases, iv, 604. Benzol poisoning, blood transfusion in, iii, 832. Beriberi, definition of, iv, 889. — diagnosis of, iv, 893. — etiologic relationship between pella- gra and, theory of, iv, 900. — etiology of, iv, 889. — in breast-fed children, causes of, iv, 249, 250. — occurrence of, iv, 889. — pathology of, iv, 890. — symptomatology of, iv, 892. — treatment of, prophylactic, iv, 894. specific, with vitamin prepara- tions, iv, 894. with yeast preparations, iv, 897. symptomatic, iv, 894. -types of, iv, 892. Bernard, Claude (1849), discovery of, that temporary glycosuria or medul- lary diabetes mellitus may be in- duced by puncture in fourth ventri- cle of brain (1849), i, 59. — observations of, introducing new. concept of internal secretions (1843), i, 58. — obtaining of glycogenic substance of liver in the form of a dry powder which could be converted into dex- trose by fermentation (1855), i, 59. Berthelot (1827-1907), work of, on me- tabolism, iii, 77. Berthold, A. A. (1849), experiment of, in transplanting testes of a fowl to another part of its body, i, 57. Berzelius (1779-1848), experiments of, in history of metabolism, iii, 33. Bicarbonate, administration of, in acid- osis, iv, 86. Bicarbonate concentration, normal, of blood plasma and other body fluids, iv, 54. Bichat, fundamental error of, i, 47. Bidder, F. W. (1810-1894), and Schmidt, C. (born 1822), combined work of, on metabolism, iii, 57. basal metabolism described by, iii, 60. bile, excretion of, in relation to the total ingesta and excreta of body, iii, 58. carbon metabolism, iii, 61. respiratory quotient, iii, 63. total metabolism computed by, iii, 60. "typical food minimum" of, iii, 63. — — weight of feces following meat ingestion, iii, 58. Biedl's experiments, with pineal gland extirpation, ii, 24. Bile, absorption of, iii, 49. — action of epinephrin on, pharmaco- dynamic, i, 127. — and hemoglobin formation, iii, 677. — as factor in fat digestion and absorp- tion, iii, 198. — character of, iii, 464. — composition of, iv, 647. — bile pigments, iv, 648. bile salts, iv, 648. cholesterol, iv, 649. fat, iv, 649. mineral substances, iv, 649. — considered as both a secretion and excretion, iii, 464. — constituents of, iii, 465. table of, iii, 465. — digestive action of, in making ma- terials more fluid, iii, 59. — excretion of, daily, iv, 647. relation to total ingesta and ex- creta of body, iii, 58. stimulation of, iv, 647. — function of, iii, 464. — pigments of, iii, 465. — storing and ejection of, iv, 647. — urobilin in, iii, 165. clinical significance of increased elimination of, iii, 168. determination of, iii, 167. diagnostic value of, iii, 169. GEKEEAL INDEX 711 Bile-pigment metabolism, regulatory function of liver in, iv, 558* Bile pigments, chemistry of, iv, 648. Bile salts, chemistry of, iv, 648. — Pettenkofer reaction for, iii, 65. Biliary calculi or gallstones, composi- tion and character of, ii, 466. Bilirubin, iv, 648. — structural formula of, iii, 163. Bi-temporal limitation in hypophyseal disease, ii, 791. Bitter waters, effect of, on gastric se- cretion, iii, 850. Biuret reaction of proteins, iii, 96. Black (1728-1799), on carbonic acid gas, or "fixed air," iii, 15. Bladder, paretic conditions of, hypo- physeal hormonotherapy in, i, 117. — response of, to epinephrin, ii, 239. Blepharitis and red lids, ii, 797, 798. Blood, acetone bodies in, iii, 449. determination of, iv, 84. — action on, or epinephrin, i, 126. of light, iii, 892. — altered composition of, in suprarenal insufficiency, ii, 108. — amino-acids of, iii, 442. — ammonia in, iii, 442. — amount of, per kilogram of body weight, effect on, of temperature and humidity, iii, 901. — analysis of, in erysipelas, iv, 139. — arterial, observations on, iv, 546. — as a body fluid, iii, 788. — Bence- Jones protein in, iv, 487. — buffers of. See buffers of the Blood. — calcium of, iii, 321. during pregnancy, and lactation, iii, 322. in nephritis, iv, 348. — chemical changes in, in shock, iv, 258. — chlorids of, in nephritis, iv, 346. — cholesterol content of, in nephritis, iv, 342. — coagulation of, effect on factors of, of blood transfusion, iii, 825. — composition of, iii, 423. table of, iii, 425. in edema of heart failure, ii, 172. carbon dioxid content, iv, 172. oxygen content, iv, 172. number and volume of red cells, iv, 173. reaction of blood, iv, 173. sodium chlorid content of plasma, iv, 173. summary, iv, 174. Blood, condition of, in cretinic de- generation, i, 468. — in exophthalmic goiter, i, 350. — in hypothyroidism, i, 414. — in infantile diarrhea, iv, 793. — creatinin metabolism in, iii, 177. — creatinin of, iii, 440. — in nephritis, comparative value of uric acid, urea and, iv, 330. — creatin metabolism, iii, 175. — creatin of, iii, 441. — destruction and regeneration of, de- struction of red blood-cells, iv, 554. — fragmentation, iv, 555. — hemolytic process, iv, 555. — mechanism of, iv, 554. — nature of stimulus to regenera- tion, iv, 555. — newer aspects of, iv, 553. — phagocytosis, iv, 554. regeneration of red blood-cells, iv, 555. — regulatory influence of spleen in, iv, 562. — tests of bone-marrow activity, iv, 556. — diastatic activity of, method of esti- mating, iii, 445. — effect on, of blood transfusion, iii, 823. — of roentgen rays and radio-active substances, iii, 875. — examination of, in scurvy, iv, 885. — fat in, of amino-acids, iii, 104. — fat in, alimentary lipemia, iii, 201. — lipoids, iii, 204. — fibrinogen in, iii, 429. — gas constituents of, in history of metabolism, iii, 33. — hemoglobin of, iii, 429. character and functions, iii, 429. estimation of, iii, 429, 431. in normal and pathological sub- jects, table, iii, 430. in normal males and females dur- ing different age periods, table of, iii, 430. — hydrogen ion concentration of, iii, 427. — in edema, volume of, iv, 170. — in pregnancy, changes of urea nitro- gen in, iv, 854. cholesterol content of, iv, 858. creatinin nitrogen in, iv, 855. examination of, by modern meth- ods, iv, 848. — fructose in, iv, 298. 712 GENERAL INDEX Blood, mineral constituents of, cal- cium, iii, 450. — chlorids, iii, 451. — iron, iii, 451. — magnesium, iii, 451. — phosphates, iii, 453. — potassium, iii, 450. — sodium, iii, 450. — sulphates, iii, 454. • table of, iii, 307. • — nitrogen of, in pregnancy, iv, 851. - — rest, iii, 442. — nitrogenous metabolites and fats of, chemical changes in, iv, 592. — non-protein nitrogen of, in nephri- tis, iv, 319. — relation of, to urea, iv, 323. — non-volatile products of metabolism in, iv, 549. — pancreatic ferments in, testing for presence of, iv, 664. — phosphates of, in nephritis, iv, 348. — plasma bicarbonate, estimation of, iv, 77. — gastrometric determination of, iv, 79. titrimetric determination of, iv, 80. — reaction and hydrogen ion concen- tration, iii, 427. — redistribution of, by cold baths, iii, 859. — rest nitrogen of, iii, 442. — significance of, iii, 423. — sodium chlorid in, iii, 314. — specific gravity of, iii, 427. — spleen and, ii, 668. — symptoms of, associated with thyroid disease, hemoglobin and red cells, i, 350. leukocytes, i, 351. viscosity, i, 352. — total solids in, iii, 426. — transfusion of, in hemorrhage, iii, 790. reactions in, iii, 800. — urea of, in nephritis, iv, 321. comparative value of uric acid, creatinin and, iv, 330. relation of, to total non-protein nitrogen, iv, 323. — uric acid in, in gout, iv, 428. in health, iv, 425. in nephritis comparative value of urea, creatinin and, iv, 330. — uric acid nitrogen in, in pregnancy, increase of, iv, 857. Blood, viscosity of, and arterial hyper- tension in nephritis, iv, 402. — water content of, iii, 311. Blood adaptive changes to high alti- tude, iii, 908. Blood and blood-forming organs, effect on, of anaphylaxis, iv, 203. — metabolism of, pathological, blood destruction and regeneration, mech- anism of, iv, 554. newer aspects of, iv, 553. — regulatory influence of spleen in, iv, 562. — hemoglobin pigment metabolism, breaking down of hemoglobin, iv, 558. — building up of hemoglobin iv, 558. — methods of determining rate of hemoglobin destruction, iv, 561. — regulatory influence of spleen in blood formation and destruction, iv, 562. — introduction to, iv, 553. Blood bicarbonate, estimation of, iv, 77. Blood cells, iii, 431. — red, destruction of, iv, 554. — regeneration of, iv, 555. Blood chemistry findings in influential pneumonia, iv, 131. Blood composition, and sex, influence of internal secretion of testes, ii, 463. Blood condition, in Addison's disease, ii, 297. — in thyroid disease, i, 353. — constituents of, in pneumonia, lobar, iv, 129. — in tuberculosis, iv, 138. Blood count, changes in, in tetany, i, 612. Blood diseases, metabolism in, anemia, basal metabolism, iv, 567. bothriocephalus, purin metabo- lism, iv, 581. hemolytic, iron metabolism, iv, 588. purin metabolism, iv, 580. nitrogen balance, iv, 574. protein metabolism, iv, 574. purin metabolism, iv, 579. secondary, basal metabolism, iv, 568. table, iv, 569. — purin metabolism, iv, 580. chemical changes in nitrogenous metabolites and fats of blood, iv, 592. GEISTEKAL LNDEX 713 Blood diseases, metabolism in, chloro- sis, basal metabolism, iv, 568. table, iv, 569. iron metabolism, iv, 588. purin metabolism, iv, 580. hemorrhage, mineral metabolism, iv, 586. influence on of some measures of treatment, benzol, iv, 604. diet, iv, 594. rontgen rays and radium, iv, 601. splenectomy, iv, 596. transfusion, iv, 594. jaundice, congenital hemolytic, purin metabolism, iv, 581. leukemia, basal metabolism, iv, 567. table, iv, 571. iron metabolism, iv, 589. protein, iv, 578. purin metabolism, iv, 579. mineral, iv, 585. iron, iv, 585. phosphoric acid, calcium and magnesium, iv, 589. sulphur, iv, 591. pernicious anemia, basal metabo- lism, iv, 568. Blood dyscrasias, thyroid treatment in, i, 105. Blood flow, in edema, rate and volume of, iv, 170. Blood-forming organs, effect on, of roentgen rays and radio-active sub- stances, iii, 875. Blood gases, iii, 454. — carbon dioxid, iii, 457. acidosis, iii, 458. — effect on, of carbon monoxid, iii, 742. • — observations on, iv, 546. — oxygen, iii, 455. content of, iii, 455. arterial, iii, 456. in pathological conditions, iii, 456, 457. Blood glucose curve, in hypothyroid- ism, i, 432. Blood groups, iii, 835. Blood lipoids, abnormalities in, and anemia, iii, 446. — and fat metabolism, iii, 445. — characteristic feature of pathologi- cal conditions, iii, 446. — cholesterol, iii, 448. percentage of, in normal and pathological conditions, table, iii, 448. Blood lipoids, content of, in normal and pathological bloods, Bloor's ta- ble, iii, 447. -fats comprised in, iii, 445. — in diabetes, iii, 446. - in nephritis, iii, 446 ; iv, 341. — lecithin, iii, 448. — study of, during fat assimilation, iii, 445. — total fat (plasma lipoids), iii, 448. Blood nitrogen, non-protein, iii, 432. — urea, iii, 435. - total, iii, 432. — urea, iii, 435. — uric acid, iii, 437. Blood plasma, chlorid content of, in acute nephritis, table, iv, 176. — normal bicarbonate concentration of, iv, 54. — normal hydrogen ion concentration of, iv, 54. Blood poisons, effects of, on metabo- lism, acid-base equilibrium, iii, 744. — carbohydrate metabolism, iii, 744. — carbon dioxid. See Carbon Dioxid. — carbon monoxid. See Carbon Monoxid. — chlorid excretion, iii, 745. — methemoglobinemia, iii, 744. — protein metabolism, iii, 744. — syntheses, iii, 745. Blood-pressure, effect on, of acute su- prarenal deficiency, ii, 195. — of anaphylaxis, iv, 201. — of hot baths, iii, 862. — of salt baths, iii, 865. — of whole gland feeding of hypo- physis, i, 740. — in dysthyroidism, i, 328. — in exophthalmic goiter, i, 328. — influence on, of food products, iv, 406. — of water, iii, 291. — in goiter, simple, i, 328. — in Graves' disease, i, 327. — in nephritis, iv, 313. Blood - producing organs, and the spleen, ii, 669. Blood proteins, iii, 427. — possible derivation from, of Bence- Jones protein, iv, 488. Blood regeneration, effect on, of blood transfusion, iii, 826. Blood samples, collection and treat- ment of, in determining acid base balance of body, iv, 78. 714 GENERAL INDEX Blood serum analysis, in sodium bicar- bonate edema, iv, 167. — in war-edema, iv, 168. Blood serum proteins, iii, 428. — as hepatic internal secretion, origin of, ii, 678. Blood sugar, iii, 250. — concentration of, effect on, of tem- perature and humidity, iii, 901. — glucose, absorption of, iii, 250. • behavior of, iii, 253. concentration of, iii, 250. • conversion of, into fat, iii, 251. oxidation of, iii, 251. — history of, iii, 443. — hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, iii, 444. — influence on, of adrenalin, iii, 258. — in hyperthyroidism, i, 492. — in nephritis, iv, 343. — in salt glycosuria, iii, 722. — normal threshold of sugar excretion, iii, 444. — percentage of, in normal blood, iii, 443. — relation between calcium and, iii, 338. — See also Glucose. Blood sugar content of blood, and epi- nephrin, ii, 57, 109. — lowering of, in suprarenal insuffi- ciency, ii, 109. Blood sugar curves of normal indi- viduals, table of, iii, 256. Blood supply, of hypophysis cerebri, i, 707. — of pancreas, iii, 691. — of the parathyroids, i, 502. — of thymus, ii, 362. — of thyroid gland, i, 207. Blood transfusion, amount of, iii, 834. — beneficial effects of, iii, 823. upon basal and nitrogen metabo- lism, iii, 828. upon blood regeneration, iii, 826. upon blood volume, iii, 825. upon factors of coagulation, iii, 825. upon immune bodies, iii, 828. upon oxygen capacity of blood, iii, 823. symptomatic, iii, 829. — choice of donor for, blood groups, iii, 835. compatibility, iii, 835. general, iii, 835. — in anemia, iii, 821. — indications for, iii, 830. Blood transfusion, indications for, as desirable, iii, 831. — in anemia before operation, iii, 833. in anemia from blood loss, iii, 832. — in benzol poisoning, iii, 832. in carbon monoxid poisoning, iii, 833. -in chronic hemolytic anemia, iii, 832. in idiopathic aplastic anemia, iii, 832. — in idiopathic purpura hemor- rhagica, iii, 833. — in nitrobenzene poisoning, iii, 833. — in other forms of chronic ane- mia, iii, 832. — in pernicious anemia, iii, 831. — in sepsis and toxemias, iii, 833. — as necessary, hemorrhage, iii, 830. — shock, iii, 830. — introduction to, iii, 821. - methods of, iii, 842. — reactions from, iii, 839. — associated with instability of blood when removed from body, iii, 840. — due to recognized incompatibility, iii, 839. — not due to recognized incompati- bility, iii, 840. — that resemble those due to recog- nized isohemolysis, iii, 840. Blood volume, iii, 425. — and increased arterial pressure in nephritis, iv, 402. — effect on, of blood transfusion, iii, 825. — influence on, of water, iii, 291. Bodily functions, hormone control of, i, 161. Body temperature, influence on, of epi- nephrin, ii, 249. Body temperature and testes, influence of internal secretion of, ii, 464. Boerhaave (1668-1738), on air, on his- tory of metabolism, ii, 11. Boese and Exner's experiments with pineal gland extirpation, ii, 23. Bone, Bence-Jones protein in, question of, iv, 485. — origin from, of Bence-Jones pro- tein, iv, 489. Bone anabolism, iv, 735. Bone catabolism, iv, 735, 736. GENEKAL INDEX 715 Bone changes, due to hypothyroidism, i, 417. Bone deficiency, calcium in, disease of, iii, 727. Bone diseases, suprarenal therapy in, i, 140. Bone growth, influence of internal se- cretion of testes on, ii, 461. Bone-marrow activity^ tests of, iv, 556. Bones, composition of, change in, in rickets, iv, 743. effect on, of calcium, magnesium and strontium content of the diet, iv, 742. in disease, iv, 737. osteomalacia, iv, 738. magnesium, disproportionate in- crease of, in artificial osteomalacia, iv, 741. — normal, iv, 738. (normal and in osteomalacia), calcium oxid percentage, in bone ash, iv, 739. in dried bone, iv, 738. magnesium oxid, in bone ash, iv, 740. in dried bone, iv, 740. magnesium percentage, iv, »739. magnesium phosphate in bone ash, iv, 740. phosphate percentage, in bone ash, iv, 739. in dried bone, iv, 739. ratio of Ca : Mg (normal and in osteomalacia), in bone ash, iir, 741. in dried bone, iv, 741. sulphur percentage, normal and in osteomalacia, iv, 743. — condition of, in tetany, i, 623. — decalcification of, in arteriosclero- sis, iv, 761. in obstructive jaundice, iv, 761. — diseases of, thyroid therapy for, i, 99. — magnesium in, iii, 323. — malnutrition of, iv, 764. — metabolism of, iv, 734. abnormal, cause of, iv, 752. calcium, normal and in osteoma- lacia, iv, 738, 739. effect on composition of, of cal- cium, magnesium and strontium content of the diet, iv, 742. etiology of disturbances of, ae- romegaly, iv, 761. adrenals, iv, 766. arteriosclerosis, iv, 761. Bones, metabolism of, etiology of dis- turbances of, calcareous metastases, iv, 761. — calcification of muscles and organs, iv, 761. diet deficient in calcium, iv. 764. divergence of nature of, iv, 766. — food shortage, iv, 769. — hypophysis, iv, 767. — obstructive jaundice, iv, 761. — osteomata and calcification of various tissues, iv, 763. — other than pregnancy and lac- tation, iv, 761. — oxalic acid or oxalates in food, iv, 768. — parathyroid glands, iv, 767. — renal stones, iv, 761, 762. — thymus, iv, 767. — thyroid gland, iv, 766. — transmittable infectious agent in osteomalacia and rickets, iv, 766. — vitamines, iv, 769. histological examination in ostei- tis deformans, iv, 751. — in osteomalacia, iv, 750. in rickets, iv, 749. in different stages of osteomala- cia, iv, 770, 771. — in disease, iv, 733. — composition, iv, 737. experiments in osteomalacia, iv, 744. — calcium, iv, 744. — calcium balance, compari- son of, in three stages of disease, iv, 748. intake and outgo of calcium oxid and magnesium oxid, iv, 746, 747. magnesium metabolism, iv, 745. sulphur metabolism, iv, 745. ten day observation, iv, 745. experiments in rickets, iv, 748. in osteomalacia, acid action in, iv, 752. puerperal, need of calcium as a cause of, iv, 756. relation of ovaries, iv, 754. magnesium, iv, 739, 740. normal, iv, 735. overproduction and, iv, 769. phosphate, normal and in osteo- malacia, iv, 739. 716 GENERAL INDEX Bones, metabolism of, ratio of Ca : Mg (normal and osteomalacia), in bone ash, iv, 741. — in dried bone, iv, 741. sulphur percentage in dried bone, iv, 743. summary of observations, iv, 751. Boracic acid, effect of, on metabolism, iii, 740. Borax, effect of, on metabolism, iii, 740. Borchardt, classification by, of types of hormonotherapy and organotherapy, i, 82. Bordeu, Theophile de, classification of diseases, i, 46; i, 47. — doctrine of, i, 47. — history of, i, 46. — originator of term "tissue," i, 46. — theory of, regarding sexual secre- tions, i, 47; i, 50. Bothriocephalus anemia, purin metabo- lism in, iv, 581. Boussingault (1802-1887), experiments of, on calorimetry, iii, 37. Boyle, Kobert (1621-1679), in history of metabolism, iii, 8. Brain, changes in composition of, dur- ing growth, iii, 468. — constituents of, solid, iii, 467. — cerebrosids, iii, 470. cholesterol, iii, 470. — diamino monophosphatids, amidomyelin, iii, 470. sphingomyelin, iii, 470. extractives, iii, 471. lipoids, iii, 467. monominophosphatids, myelin, iii, 470. paramyelin, iii, 470. phosphatids, iii, 468. cephalin, iii, 468, 469. lecithin, iii, 468, 469. proteins, iii, 467. relative proportion of, at differ- ent ages in albino rat, table, iii, 469. sulphatids, iii, 470. table of, iii, 468. — effect of epinephrin on circulation of, ii, 221. — weight of, iii, 467. Brain lesions, infantilism due to, ii, 877. ' Breasts, disturbances of, of autonomic origin, i, 335. Breeding season, nervous activity and, ii, 456. Bromatherapy, iii, , 706. Bromids, effect of, on metabolism, iii, 724. Bromin, presence of, in animal tissue, i, 247. in thyroid gland, i, 244. Bronchial asthma, antispastic action of epinephrin in, i, 138. — hypophyseal hormonotherapy in, i, 117. Bronchioles, response of, to epinephrin, ii, 241. Bronchorrhea, of autonomic origin, i, 334. Brown-Sequard, conclusions of, on testicular extract administration, i, 145. — experiments of, injections of testicu- lar extract (1889), i, 81, 84. producing Addison's disease by removal of suprarenal capsules (1856), i, 60. — rejuvenation by administration of testicular extracts (1889), i, 62. reproduction of Addison's dis- ease, i, 55. — observations of, on old Bordeu the- o^ry of internal secretions (1893), i, 62. Bryson's sign, in Graves' disease, i, 334. Buffers of the blood, iv, 56. — alkali reserve, iv, 64. — interchange of buffer effects, be- tween the blood and the tissues, iv, 62. between blood cells and plasma, iv, 61. — laws of, iv, 57. — maximum efficiency of buffer action, iv, 59. — nature of, iv, 57. — neutralization of acid by, iv, 57. — physiologically available alkali of the bicarbonate and of other blood buffers, iv, 63. Burns, from electrical discharges, teth- elin for, i, 744. — suprarenal changes following, ii, 120. Cachexia, edema in, iv, 158. Cachexia hypophysopriva, following complete removal of pituitary gland, i, 880. Cachexia strumipriva, illustrative case of, i, 439. — thyroid treatment for, i, 87. dosage, i, 90. GENERAL INDEX 717 Cachexias, de Bordeu's classification of diseases as, i, 46, 47. % Cadaverin, iii, 685. Caffein, formula for, iv, 414. Calcareous metastases, iv, 761. Calcification, of hypophysis cerebri, i, 776. Calcium, adult normal requirement for, iii, 317. — effect of, on absorption, iii, 318. on body temperature, iii, 730. on carbohydrate metabolism, iii, 731. on growth and reproduction, iii, 732. on mineral metabolism, iii, 726. calcium in diseases of bone de- ficiency, iii, 727. calcium deprivation, iii, 727. in leprosy, iii, 728. — in tetany, iii, 728. on purin metabolism, iii, 732. on water metabolism, iii, 730. — in leprosy, iii, 728. — in diseases of bone deficiency, iii, 727. — in tetany, iii, 728. — in the feces, iii, 511. — in the food, iii, 317. — in the urine, iii, 503. — in urine and feces, iii, 316. — need of, as a cause of puerperal os- teomalacia, iv, 756. — of the blood, iii, 321, 450. during pregnancy and lactation, iii, 322. in nephritis, iv, 348. — relation between blood sugar and, iii, 338. — solution of, in intravenous infusion, iii, 800. Calcium balance, in osteomalacia, com- parison of, in three stages of disease, iv, 748. — in pregnancy, iv, 757. Calcium deficiency, and tetany, dietary studies on, i, 535. Calcium deficiency in diet, disturb- ances of bone metabolism due to, iv, 764. Calcium deprivation, iii, 727. Calcium equilibrium, iii, 318. Calcium excretion, in tetany, i, 537. Calcium medication, in tetany, i, 537. Calcium metabolism, iv, 459. — dietary studies on calcium deficiency and tetany, i, 535. Calcium metabolism, in blood diseases, iv, 589. — in osteomalacia, iv, 744. Calcium metabolism, of bones and teeth, i, 573. — parathyroids and, i, 63; i, 534. — relationship between bone metabo- lism, the thymus, and, iv, 767. Calcium oxid, percentage of, in bone ash, iv, 739. — in dried bone, iv, 738. Calcium pharmacology, studies on. i. 534. Calculi, cystin, iv, 468. — dietetic and medicinal treatment of, iv. 472. — oxalate, iv, 462. — dietetic and medicinal treatment of, iv, 470. — phosphate, iv, 458. dietetic and medicinal treatment of, iv, 468. — uric acid, iv, 465. — dietetic and medicinal treatment of, iv, 468. — xanthin, iv, 467. dietetic and medicinal treatment of, iv, 472. Caloric diets, "optional," in diabetes, iv, 285. Caloric value of meat, von Liebig, iii, 49. Calorific requirements of body, intrav- enous injections of fluids to assist in providing for, iii, 795. — glucose, iii, 795. Calorimeters, control tests of, iii, 578. alcohol check, iii, 580. — heat check, iii, 578. — forms of, iii, 570. bath calorimeter of Lefevre, iii, 572. compensation calorimeter, of Le- fevre, iii, 572. — depending on warming of fixed quantity of water, Dulong and Lau- lanie, iii, 570, 571. distillation calorimeter of d'Ar- sonval, 570. — obsolete, iii, 571. emission calorimeters, anemo- calorimeter of d'Arsonval, iii, 581. — for measuring heat production of man, constructed by Voit, iii, 75. respiration calorimeter of Rub- ner, iii, 582. siphon calorimeter of Richet, iii, 582. ris GENERAL INDEX Calorimeters, forms of, ice calorimeter of Lavoisier, iii, 570. — obsolete, iii, 571. respiration calorimeter of At- water-Rosa-Benedict, iii, 573. Calorimetry, alimentary, iii, 554. — animal, iii, 570. computations of, foundations of, laid by Rubner, iii, 75. conservation of, Lavoisier, iii, 23. Crawford's experiments on, in his- tory of metabolism, iii, 17. direct, iii, 570. forms of, iii, 570. — basic principles of energy metabo- lism, basal metabolism. See Basal Metabolism. conservation of energy in the ani- mal organism, iii, 584. determination in part by environ- ing temperature, iii, 593. - heat production as affected by external temperature, iii, 601. — energy of muscular work definite- ly related to potential energy of food, iii, 586. indigestion of food increased the metabolism, iii, 604. — beginnings of, iii, 34. — Berthelot's observations on, iii, 77. — direct, iii, 76, -567. — animal, iii, 570. — heat of combustion, iii, 568. — direct and indirect, heat production, of dogs by, iii, 584. — of human subjects by, iii, 585. — experiments on, of Barral (1819- 1884), iii, 38, 39^ — of Boussingault (1802-1887), iii, 37. — of Despretz (1792-1863), iii, 34. — of Dulong (1785-1838), iii, 35. — of Dumas (1800-1884), iii, 36. -of Magendie (1783-1855), iii, 37. of Regnault and Reiset, iii, 40, 44. — factors determining level of energy metabolism, iii, 607. — how heat is lost from body, iii, 593. — indirect, iii, 76. — advantages of, iii, 515. methods of calculating the heat production from respiratory ex- change. See Respiratory Exchange. methods of measuring the respira- tory exchange. See Respiratory Ex- change. Calorimetry, in malarial fever, direct and indirect, iv, 144. — in typhoid fever, direct and indirect, iv, 100. — Richet's observations on, iii, 77. — surface area, law of, iii, 594. criticism of, iii, 597. measurement of, iii, 595. relation of, to body weight, iii, 598. — von Liebig's observations on, iii, 46. Cammidge reaction in the urine, iv, 305. Camphor, effect of, on metabolism, iii, 776. Canities, of autonomic origin, i, 331. Capillaries, effect on, of anaphylaxis, iv, 201. Capillary permeability and edema, iv, 169. Caprin, of the brain, iii, 471. Captivity, effect of, on testicle, ii, 497. Carbohydrate as a hepatic internal se- cretion, ii, 674. — formation and discharge of glyco- gen, ii, 674. — effects of, in liver poisoning, iii, 689. — formation of, from fat, ii, 676. — from proteins, ii, 675, 676. Carbohydrate metabolism, absorption, iii, 249. — sugar of the blood, iii, 250. Carbohydrate metabolism, after Eck fistula, ii, 676. — antiketogenesis, iii, 271. — carbohydrate tolerance in hyperthy- roidism, i, 492. experimental and clinical, i, 491. — digestion, iii, 248. action of ptyalin, iii, 248. gastric, iii, 249. intestinal, iii, 249. salivary, iii, 248. — disturbances of, other than in dia- betes, glycuronic acid, iv, 305. — f ructosuria, iv, 296. galactosuria, iv, 301. heptosuria, iv, 304. introduction to, iv, 289. lactosuria, iv, 301. maltosuria, iv, 303. pentosuria, iv, 292. — effect on, of acids and alkalies, iii, 737. of alcohol, iii, 764. — of anesthetics, general, chloro- form, and ether, iii, 761. — of antipyretics, iii, 770. GENEKAL INDEX 719 Carbohydrate metabolism effect on, of arsenic, iii, 754. » of atropin, pilocarpin, etc., iii, 774. of blood poisons, iii, 744. of calcium, iii, 731. of carbon monoxid, iii, 743. of cocain, iii, 777. of cyanids, iii, 748. of epinephrin, iii, 781. of mercury, iii, 756. of opiates, iii, 766. of oxygen-lack, iv, 543. of phlorizin, iii, 759. of phosphorus, iii, 749. of pituitary substances, iii, 785. of purins, iii, 780. — of roentgen rays and radio-active substances, iv, 883. of saline cathartics, iii, 719. of strychnine, iii, 775. of thyroid gland substances, iii, 783. of uranium, iii, 757. — endocrin and nerve control of glyco- genesis, glycogenolysis and glucoly- sis, iii, 257. adrenals, iii, 257. pancreas, iii, 258. — pituitary, iii, 261. sympathetic nervous system, iii, 257. -thyroid, iii, 260. — entering into subject of internal se- cretions, i, 63. — fat formation, iii, 268. — functions of carbohydrates in diet, iii, 271. — influence of carbohydrates on inter- mediary metabolism of fat, iii, 271. — in Graves' disease, alimentary gly- cosuria, i, 338. associated diabetes mellitus, i, 339. hyperglycemia, i, 339. transitory spontaneous glycosuria, i, 339. — in hyperthyroidism, blood sugar, i, 492. experimental and clinical, i, 491. — in nephritis, blood sugar, iv, 343. utilization of carbohydrates, iv, 343. — intermediary, iii, 261. — in tetany, i, 635. — introduction to, iii, 213. — in typhoid fever, iv, 109. — in undernutrition, iv, 10. Carbohydrate metabolism, of rectal feeding, iii, 811. — pluriendocrinal theory of, ii, 732. -relation to, of thyroid, i, 491. — tolerance, iii, 254. glucolysis and, iii, 256. glycogenesis and, iii, 255. standard of, iii, 255. Carbohydrate minimum, iii, 411. Carbohydrate residues, in the urine, iii, 508. Carbohydrates, and the liver, iv, 643. — as source of glucose supply, iv, 270. Carbohydrates, chemical nature of, note on, iv, 290. Carbohydrates, chemical reactions of, iii, 225. action of alkalies, iii, 227. conversion of glucose into fruc- tose and mannose, iii, 231. — conversion of a higher to a lower monosaccharose, iii, 227. isolation, iii, 234. — isolation of glutose, iii, 232. melting points of hydrazones, iii, 235. — oxidation, iii, 227. — polymerization (aldol condensa- tion) of simple sugars by action of dilute alkali, iii, 225. reactions of sugars with substitu- ted hydrazines, iii, 232. — reduction, iii, 230. — synthesis of higher forms from a lower monosaccharose, iii, 226. — chemistry of, iii, 214. — classification, iii, 214, 216. constitution, iii, 214. — disaccharides, iii, 243. fructose, iii, 239. — galactose, iii, 238. glucose, iii, 214. glucosides, iii, 235. methyl, iii, 237. — hexoses, iii, 237. isomerism and asymmetry, iii, 218. of glucose, iii, 221. of the aldohexoses, iii, 222. mannose, iii, 238. — • — methyl glucosides, iii, 237. monosaccharids, special proper- ties, iii, 237. mutarotatin, iii, 221. nomenclature, iii, 214. pentoses, iii, 240. polysaccharides, iii, 247. — classification of, iii, 214, 216. 720 GENEKAL INDEX Carbohydrates, constitution of, iii, 214. glucose, iii, 214, 215. — conversion of glucose into fructose and mannose, iii, 231. — deficiency of, in metabolic disturb- ances of infancy and childhood, iv, 804. — disaccharides, iii, 243. lactose, iii, 245. — formula for, iii, 244. maltose, iii, 246. formula for, iii, 244. sucrose, iii, 245. formula for, iii, 244. — fructose, iii, 239. — functions of, in animal world, iii, 213. in plant world, iii, 213. in the diet, iii, 271. — galactose, iii, 238. — general nature of products of bac- terial growth, arising from utiliza- tion of proteins and, for energy, iii, 669. — glucose, iii, 214, 215. — aldehydic properties of, iii, 217, 218. compounds of, iii, 215. conversion of, into fructose and mannose, iii, 231. -formulae for, iii, 214, 215, 217, 218. isomerism of, iii, 221. oxidation of, iii, 217. reduction of, iii, 215 specific rotation of sugars, table of, iii, 225. — glucosides, iii, 235. -methyl, iii, 237. — heat value of, iii, 553. — hexoses, iii, 237. — in food supply of diabetes, iv, 283. — in liver, stored in form of glycogen, iii, 463. — intravenous feeding of, iii, 817. — mannose, iii, 238. — methyl glucosides, iii, 237. • — monosaccharides, Arabinose, iii, 241. dioses, iii, 242. d-Kibose, iii, 242. — : — fructose, iii, 239. galactose, iii, 238. glucosides, iii, 235. hexoses, iii, 237. mannose, iii, 238. methyl glucosides, iii, 237. methyl pentoses, iii, 242 Carbohydrates, monosaccharides, pen- toses, iii, 240. rhamnose, iii, 242. special properties of, iii, 237. tetroses, iii, 242. trioses, iii, 242. xylose, iii, 241. — nomeclature of, iii, 214. - — oxidation of, iii, 227. — pentoses, iii, 240. aldopentoses, table of, iii, 241 — • — 1-Arabinose, iii, 241. d-ribose, iii, 242 — methyl, iii, 242. — polysaccharides, iii, 247. cellulose, iii, 247. — gums, iii, 247. inulin, iii, 247. — starch, iii, 247. — presence of, in normal thyroid gland, i, 245. — reduction of, iii, 230 — relation to, of pathogenic bacteria, iii, 673. — subcutaneous feeding of, iii, 816. — synthesis of, iii, 226. — terminology of, iii, 213. — thermal quotient for, iii, 556. — utilizable, effects of, upon formation of phenols, indol and amins, iii, 685. upon general metabolism, iii, 674. Carbohydrate tolerance, iii, 254. — glucolysis and, iii, 256. — glycogenesis and, iii, 255. — in hyperthyroidism, i, 492. — standard of, iii, 255. Carbon, and hydrogen, calculation of heat production from combustion of, iii, 548. Carbonated waters, effect of, on gastric mucosa, iii, 848. Carbon dioxid, as circulating regula- tory substance, i, 7. — conclusions on, of Edwards, iii, 32. — content of blood in heart failure, iv, 172. — effect of, on metabolism, iii, 741. acapnia, iii, 741. — formation of, i, 7. — in the blood, iii, 457. acidosis, iii, 458. — stimulating effect of, i, 8. Carbonic acid gas, and oxygen, Spal- lanzani's experiments, iii, 32. — Black on, iii, 15. — first discovery of, iii, 8. GENERAL INDEX Carbon monoxid, effect of, on lactic acid excretion, iii, 743. on metabolism, iii, 742. blood gases, iii, 742. carbohydrate, iii, 743. mineral metabolism, iii, 743. protein metabolism, iii, 743. total metabolism, iii, 742. Carbon monoxid poisoning, blood trans- fusion in, iii, 833. Carcinoma, of hypophysis cerebri, i, 797. — of intestines, metabolism in, iv, 638. — of the ovary, ii, 607. — of the stomach, metabolism in, iv, 619. — of the thyroid gland. See Thyroid gland, carcinoma_. — treatment of, by radium, iii, 887. Carcinomatous acetonuria, metabolism in, iv, 632. Carcinomatous thymomata, ii, 392. Cardiac diseases, hypophyseal hormono- therapy for, i, 114. Cardiopathies, gastric disturbances in, and metabolism, iv, 623. Cardiovascular disease, dermatoses as- sociated with, iv, 699. Cardiovascular mechanism, effect on, of anaphylaxis, iv, 201. Cardiovascular symptoms, of autonomic origin, i, 324. arteries, i, 327. blood pressure, i, 327. goiter heart, i, 326. heart, i, 325. Musset's sign, i, 325. palpitation, i, 325. tachycardia, i, 324. vasomotor phenomena, i, 329. Cardiovascular system, in hypothyroid- ism, i, 390; i, 413. Carnosin, in muscle tissue, iii, 461. Carotid bodies, anatomy of, gross mor- phology and relations, ii, 73. — cell types of, ii, 74. — definition of, ii, 73. — embryology of, ii, 73. — histology of, ii, 74. — phylogeny of, ii, 73. Carp mouth, in tetany, i, 592. Cartilage, iii, 466, 467. Castration, agenitalism due to, when in, early life, ii, 616. later life, ii, 617. — and pituitary gland, hyperplasia of, ii, 348. Castration, effects of, in females, after puberty, ii, 553. — before puberty, ii, 552. — on disposition and mentality, ii, 457. — on hypophyseal cells, i, 715. on hypophysis, ii, 929. on hypophysis cerebri, i, 795. on secondary sex characters, i. 195. vasectomy differentiated from, ii, 443. Castration, in puerperal osteomalacia, iv, 755, 759. Castration, results of, i, 26. -atrophy of thyroid gland, i, 283, nervous manifestations, i, 177. — persistency of sexual libido and abil- ity after, ii, 516, 521. Catabolism, bone, iv, 735, 736. Cataract, accompanying retinitis pig- mentosa, ii, 766. — diabetic, ii, 779. — senile, ii, 761. — susceptibility to, in tetany, i, 616. — the lens, ii, 760. Catharmata, i, 48. Cathartics, effect of, on metabolism, aloin, iii, 719. — saline, iii, 718. Catalase, effect on, of epinephrin, iii, 781. of purins, iii, 780. Cavendish (1731-1810), discovery of water by, in history of metabolism, iii, 15. Cell metabolism, and edema, iv, 166. Cell proteins, action on, of light, iii, 891. Cell respiration, and edema, iv, 166. Cell types, of hypophysis cerebri, i, 713. Cellular fluid, iii, 788. Cellulose, iii, 247. Centrosomes, of gonads, male, ii, 425. Cephalins, iii, 187. — of brain, iii, 468, 469. Cereal protein, heat value of, iii, 552. in diet, iii, 421. Cereals, importance of, as food, iii, 365. Cerebral manifestations of Addison'a disease, ii, 295. Cerebral nerve paralysis, in thyroid disease, i, 354. Cerebral symptoms, in exophthalmic goiter, chorea of ideas, i, 347. insanity, i, 347. insomnia, i, 346. intellectual powers, i, 346. 722 GENERAL INDEX Cerebral symptoms, in exophthalmic goiter, mental condition, i, 346. — moral nature, i, 346. Cerebrosids, of brain, iii, 470. Cerebrospinal fluid, composition of, metallic elements, iii, 473. mineral, iii, 473. — non-protein nitrogen, iii, 472. protein, iii, 472. sugar, iii, 473. table of, iii, 472. — mineral constituents of, chlorid, iii, 473. phosphates, iii, 473. — non-protein nitrogen of, iii, 472. — protein content of, iii, 471. Cervical sympathetic ganglion, exoph- thalmic goiter as an affection of, i, 312. Cetin, iii, 185. Chalones, i, 4. Chemical development, bacterial re- quirements for, iii, 668. — energy, iii, 669. — structural, iii, 669. Chemical hypotheses, in etiology -of cretinic degeneration, i, 452. Childhood, influence of ovaries during, ii, 612. Children, basal metabolism of, iii, 649. — up to puberty, awake and sleep- ing, table, iii, 658. — of fat and thin boys, table, iii, 658. — influence on, of muscular ac- tivity, iii, 654. influence on, of puberty, iii, 654. — of sex, iii, 652. — energy metabolism of, up to puberty, iii, 647. — basal, iii, 649. — gaseous exchange, tables of, iii, 648. — gaseous exchange of, iii, 648. Chittenden's experiments, on protein minimum and optimum, iii, 402. Chloral, effect of, on metabolism, iii, 763. Chlorid content, of blood, in acute nephritis, iv, 176. — of edema fluids, iv, 162. table, iv, 163. Chlorid excretion, in carbon monoxid poisoning, iii, 745. Chlorid metabolism, in pneumonia, lo- bar, iv, 127. Chlorid threshold, in nephritis, iv, 363. Atchley's observations, iv, 365. Chlorid threshold, in nephritis, formu- las of Ambard and Weil, iv, 364. McDean's observations, iv, 365. — other investigators on, iv, 366. Chlorids, in cerebrospinal fluid, iii, 473. — influence of, in edema, iv, 187. — in malaria, iv, 144. — in the blood, iii, 451. — high, pathological conditions causing, iii, 452. — in the feces, iii, 511. — in sweat, iii, 513. — in the urine, iii, 500. Chlorids of the blood, in nephritis, iv, 346. Chlorin, presence of, in animal tissue, i, 247. Chlorine balance in fasting man, table, iv, 15. Chloroform, effects of, on metabolism. See Anesthetics, general. Chlorosis, differentiated from exoph- thalmic goiter, i, 361. — in Graves' disease, i, 353. — iron waters in, therapeutic value of, iii, 851. — metabolism in, iron, iv, 588. — mineral, phosphoric acid, calcium and magnesium, iv, 590. sulphur, iv, 591. purin, iv, '580. — respiratory, iv, 568. -table of, iv, 569. — nitrogen partition in, iv, 584. Cholelithiasis, pathochemistry of liver in, iv, 655. Cholera, metabolism in, iv, 147. Cholesterol, iii, 448. — amount of, or of esters of, in supra- renals, ii, 266. — chemistry of, iv, 649. — in human milk, iii, 478. — of brain, iii, 470. — of the liver, iii, 463. — percentage of, in normal and patho- logical conditions, iii, 448. Cholesterol content of blood in nephri- tis, iv, 342. — in pregnancy, iv, 858. Cholesterol feeding, effect of, on supra- renals, ii, 121. Cholin, i, 29. Cholin, as cause of nephritic toxicosis, iv, 396. Chondrodystrophia foetalis, ii, 850. Chondrodystrophic dwarfs, differenti- ated from eunuchs, ii, 850. GEKEKAL INDEX T23 Chondrodystrophy, differentiated from hypothyroidism, i, 423. • Chondroitin, iii, 466. Chondrosamine, of connective tissue, iii, 467. Chondrosin, iii, 466. Chorea, parathyroid therapy in, i, 111. — thymus therapy in, i, 144. Chorea of ideas, in exophthalmic goiter, i, 347. Chorea minor, parathyropathic origin of, i, 700. Chromaffin system, chart of, ii, 953. — in tetany, i, 628. — overfunction of, chart of, ii, 953. — underfunction of, chart of, ii, 953. Chromaffin tissue, of suprarenals, chem- istry of, ii, 94. Chromaphil cell inadequacy theory of Addison's disease, ii, 297. Chromaphil reaction, appearance of, ii, 64. Chromaphil staining of suprarenal medulla, ii, 266. Chromaphil system, i, 68. — epinephrin produced by tissue of, i, 68. — first described by J. Weisel (1904), i, 68. — hypoplasia of, with status thymico- lymphaticus, ii, 288. — in Addison's disease, ii, 281. — overfunctioning of, i, 68. — underfunctioning of, i, 68. Chromates, effects of, on metabolism, iii, 758. Chromidial substance, of gonads, male, ii, 427. Chthonian cult, pharmacopeia of, i, 48. Chvostek's sign, in tetany, i, 48. — description of, i, 598. — in diagnosis, i, 673. — value of, i, 599. Chyluria, iv, 340. Circulation, diseases of respiration and. See Respiration and Circulation, dis- eases of. — disorders of, hypophyseal hormono- therapy for, i, 114. — effect on, of epinephrin, ii, 203. in the brain, ii, 221. in the heart, ii, 222. in the intestine, ii, 217. in the kidney, ii, 214. in the limb, ii, 205. in the liver, ii, 208. in the spleen, ii, 212. pulmonary, ii, 225. Circulation, effect on, of hypophysis feeding of posterior lobe, i, 756. Cinchophen (atophan), effect of, on metabolism, iii, 772. — in obesity, iv, 34. — relation to, of suprarenal glands, ii, 187. Circulatory action, of epinephrin, i, 124. Circulatory disturbances, in parathy- roid glands, i, 564. Circulatory failure of infectious dis- ease, suprarenal therapy for, i, 132. Circulatory mechanism and high alti- tude, iii, 910. Circulatory system, effect on, of tem- perature and humidity, iii, 900. — in acromegaly, i, 836. — in infantile diarrhea, iv, 794. — physiology of, in undernutrition, iv, 19. Citrates, effect of, on metabolism, iii, 726. Claude and Gougerot, "pluriglandular insufficiency" introduced by (1907- 8), i, 69. Claude, Baudouin and Porak's test for hyperthyroidism, i, 497. Climacteric hypertension, ovarian ther- apy in, i, 158. Climate, air movement and winds, iii, 902. — altitude, and metabolism, iii, 910. — blood adaptive change, iii, 908. — circulatory mechanism, iii, 910. high dangers of, iii, 911. effects of, iii, 906. altitude sickness, iii, 907. process of acclimatization, iii, 907. respiratory adaptation to, iii, 908. — amenorrhea due to change of, ii,.627. — treatment of, ii, 627. — comparative value of good hygiene and, iii, 899. — definition of, iii, 899. — general considerations in choice of, iii, 905. — influence of, iii, 899. on food consumption, iii, 387. — light, effects of, iii, 903. — physical influences causing physio- logical changes, iii, 899. — temperature and humidity, iii, 900. effect of, on amount of blood per kilogram of body weight, iii, 901. on capacity for physical work, iii, 901. 724 GENEKAL INDEX Climate, temperature and humidity, ef- fect of, on circulatory system, iii, 900. on concentration of sugar in blood, iii, 901. on metabolism, iii, 902. on nasal mucosa, iii, 901. on respiration, iii, 901. radiation and conduction, iii, 900. temperature of body in relation to, iii, 900. — variety of, iii, 905. Climatotherapy, in treatment of tetany, i, 693. — psychological factor in, iii, 904. Coagulation of proteins, iii, 100. Cocain, effect of, on metabolism, iii, 777. Coccygeal bodies, conceptions of, ii, 74. — definition and description of, ii, 74. Cod liver oil, as vehicle for phosphorus, iii, 753. — evidence of internal secretion from administration of, ii, 685. — value of, ii, 685. Coefficient of urea excretion, iv, 357. — Ambard's, iv, 358. — Austin, Stillman and Van Slyke, iv, 360. — clinical value of, iv, 362. — for estimating power of kidney to eliminate urea, iv, 357. — McLean's, iv, 359. • — -method of determining, iv, 362. — reliability of, iv, 362. Colchicum, in treatment of gout, iv, 453. Corpora lutea of ovary, anatomy of, ii, 544. — artificial production of, ii, 565. — comparative anatomy of, in avians, ii, 546. in mammals, ii, 547. — histology of, cell inclusions, ii, 547. cytology, ii, 547. secretory phenomena, ii, 547. — mechanism of formation, ii, 546. — retrogressive changes in, ii, 546. — source of, ii, 545. Corpus luteum extract, i, 154. — soluble, i, 154. Corpus luteum of ovary and mammary activity, ii, 643. — chemistry of, ii, 560. — extirpation of, ii, 563. — function of, ii, 567. — influence of, on growth of the mam- mary gland, ii, 567. Corpus luteum of ovary and mammary activity, physiological action of ex- tracts of, ii, 560. — structure of, ii, 558. — See also Corpora Lutea. Corpus luteum persitans, ii, 595. Coryza, epinephrin applications in, i, 135. Cough, of autonomic origin, i, 333. Cramps, in calf muscles, differentiated from tetany, i, 678. — occupation, differentiated from tet- any, i, 678. Craniopharyngeal duct tumors, i, 799. Cranium, in acromegaly, i, 818. Crawford (1748-1795), on animal cal- orimetry, iii, 17. Creatin, administered, fate of, iii, 179. — and oxalic acid, iv, 464. — as causative agent of uremia, iv, 390. — crystals of, iii, 171. — excretion of, after menstruation, iii, 176. — in pregnancy, iii, 176. — in muscle tissue, iii, 460. — in nephritis, iv, 327. — isolation of, iii, 171. — of the blood, iii, 441. — of the brain, iii, 471. — of the muscle, iii, 493. origin of cratinin of the urine, iii, 492, 493, 494. — of the urine, iii, 493. and arginin, as source of, iii, 494. excretion of, iii, 493, 494. — origin of, iii, 173> — oxidation of, successive steps of, iii, 172. — preparation of, chemically, iii, 172. — resume of, iii, 179. — transformed into creatinin, iii, 171. Creatin content of muscle and other tissues, iii, 172. Creatin metabolism, in blood, iii, 175. — in muscle, iii, 174. — in urine, iii, 176. Creatinin, administered, fate of, iii, 179. — as causative agent of uremia, iv, 390. — creatin transformed into, iii, 171. — excretion of, clinical significance of, iii, 178. during starvation, iii, 178. — relative, in men and women, iii, 178. — in nephritis, iv, 326. comparative value of uric acid, urea and, in blood, iv, 330. GENEKAL IKDEX 725 Cold, applications of, in exophthalmic goiter, i, 371. , — reaction of suprarenals to, ii, 121. Cold baths, and cold douches, iii, 863. and fever reduction, iii, 857. — effects of, iii, 856. extra energy, iii, 858. on heat production, Ignatowski, iii, 857. Lusk, iii, 858. Matthes, iii, 857. Eubner, iii, 858. redistribution of blood, iii, 859. refreshing, iii, 860. — friction in, iii, 863. Collagen, of connective tissue, iii, 466. Collapse, of infectious diseases, supra- renal therapy for, i, 133. Collecting apparatus, for measuring respiratory exchange, iii, 534. Colloid, of hypophysis cerebri, its oc- currence, nature and function, i, 716. Colloid degeneration, in hypophysis cerebri, i, 779. — in parathyroid glands, i, 566. Colloids, hydrophilic action of, iv, 186. Colonic dilatation, tetany in, i, 649. Color reaction of proteins, iii, 96. Combined uric acid theory of gout, iv, 442. Combustion, heat of, in calorimetry, direct, iii, 568. — in history of metabolism, Boyle, Eobert (1621-1679), iii, 8. Mayhow, John (1640-1679), iii. 9. -Stahl (1660-1734), phlogiston theory of, iii, 11. Leonardo da Vinci, iii, 6. — of alcohol, iii, 300. — of carbon and hydrogen, calculation of heat production from, iii, 548. — of organic foodstuffs, calculation of heat production from, iii, 549. Concentration and dilution test for renal function, iv, 381. — table, iv, 382. Condensed milk, edema due to, iv, 804. Conductivity, of edema fluids, iv, 162. Congestions, active and passive, of the thymus, ii, 381. Conjunctivitis in tetany, i, 617. — other forms of, ii, 799. — phlyctenular, ii, 799. — vernal, ii, 800. Connective tissus, constituents of, iii, 466. table of, iii, 467. — types of, iii, 466. Consanguinity, and alkaptonuria, iv, 50.2. Constipation, metabolic complications of, iv, 632. — thyroid treatment of, i, 102. Constitutional disease and endocrin disturbances, ocular symptoms due to, ii, 778. Contagion, direct, theory of, in etiology of cretinic degeneration, i, 454. Contracted kidney, primary, and essen- tial hypertension, iv, 400. — secondary, iv, 399. Contracture, hysterical, differentiated from tetany, i, 678. Contractures, with muscular dystrophy, ii, 910. Contusions, of the testicles, ii, 482. Convulsions, hysterical, differentiated from tetany, i, 679. Convulsive states, differentiated from tetany, i, 679. Copper, effect of, on metabolism, iii, 758. Corneal changes in senility, ii, 761. — of the blood, amount of, in normal individuals, iii, 440. increase of, iii, 441. — in nephritis, chronic, table of, iii, 439. — of the urine, iii, 490. — elimination of, iii, 490. — — origin of, in creatin of the muscle, iii, 492, 493, 494. — preparation of, chemically, iii, 172. — resume of, iii, 179. Creatinin excretion in urine, in fast- ing, iv, 14. Creatinin metabolism, in blood, iii, 177. — in muscles, iii, 177. — in urine, iii, 177. Creatinin nitrogen, in blood, in preg- nancy, iv, 855. Creatinuria, accompanying undernutri- tion, iii, 177. — after menstruation, iii, 176. — in progressive muscular dystrophy, iv, 723. — with alkalosis, iv, 724. Creatorrhea, iv, 664, 665. — clinical occurrence of, iv, 678. Cretin, discussion of term, i, 382. Cretin dwarf, metabolism of, table, iv, 828. Cretinic degeneration, associated with other ductless gland disorders, i, 461. — definition of, i, 441. — diagnosis of, i, 468. 726 GENERAL INDEX Cretinic degeneration, distinguished from hypothyroidism, i, 381. — economic and military importance of, i, 443. — endemicity of, i, 445. — epidemicity of, i, 446. — etiology of, acute and chronic dis- eases, i, 449. age, i, 448. factors influencing deleteriously metabolism, i, 449. general summary of, i, 457. heredity, i, 447. occupation, i, 449. race, i, 449. relation of thyroid gland to, i, 449. seasonal influence, i, 449. sex, i, 448. theories as to, i, 451. bacterial, i, 485. chemical hypotheses, i, 452. direct contagion theory, i 454. hydrotelluric theory, i, 452. organic theory of goiter, i, 453. Plutonian theory of Kepin, i, 453. — water supply, i, 451. — geographical and orographical dis- tribution of, i, 442. — historical, i, 441. — pathology of, in central nervous sys- tem, i, 461. in other ductless glands, i, 461. — in skin, i, 461. — in special senses, i, 462. metabolism, i, 463. osseous system, i, 463. sexual retardation, i, 462. thyroid gland, i, 458. atrophic lesions, i, 461. pathogenesis of goiter, i, 458. — prevalence of, i, 443. — prophylaxis against, i, 469. — relation to, of thyroid gland, i, 449. in pathology, i, 458. • in symptomatology, i, 465. in treatment, i, 471. of water supply, i, 451, 469. — symptomatology of, anomalies of dentition and jaws, i, 466. appearance, i, 465. clinical, i, 464. deaf-mutism, i, 467. goiter, i, 465. goiter heart, i, 467. hematology of, i, 468. idiocy, i, 466. Cretinic degeneration, symptomatology of, myxedema, i, 466. nervous system, i, 466. — thyroid gland, i, 465. — See also Diagnosis, Pathology of. — treatment of, aid of intestinal anti- septics, i, 472. — preventive, i, 469, 470. thyroid, i, 471. Cretinism, delayed growth in, i, 391. — endemic, distinguished from en- demic goiter, i, 381. — experimental feeding on animals, re- sults of, i, 230. — history of, i, 225. — implantation of thyroid tissue in, i, 91. — metabolism in, gaseous, i, 394. — osseous system in, i, 390. — long bones, i, 392. — skull, i, 392. — symptomatology of, i, 399. — thymus therapy in, i, 143. — thyroid therapy of, i, 88. changes wrought by, in atrophied thyroid gland, i, 89. mental, i, 89. physical, i, 88. — dosage for, i, 90, 91. — See also Infantilism. Cretins, "typical" of Simpson, i, 229. Crile's kinetic theory of exophthalmic goiter, i, 313. Crop failures and famine, iii, 360. Crying, influence of, on basal metabo- lism of new-born, iii, 637. Cryptorchidism, ii, 476. — aberrant migration, ii, 477. — extra-abdominal, ii, 477. intra-abdominal, ii, 477. — arrested migration, ii, 476. — intermittent migration, ii, 477. — and interstitial cells of testis, ii, 443. "Cryptorrhetic," i, 5. Crystalloid inclusions, of gonads, male, ii, 427. Crystalline lens, in tetany, i, 614. Crystalline structure, Pasteur's studies on, iii, 219. Cuorin, iii, 186. Curare, action of, on epinephrin out- put, ii, 149. — effect of, on metabolism, iii, 776. Gushing, Harvey, experiments of, on removal of pituitary body, i, 65. — on perverted function of pituitary gland of dyspituitarism (1910), i, 66. GENERAL INDEX 727 Cutaneous appendages, in hypothyroi- dism, i, 407. Cutaneous symptoms, of autonomic origin, i, 329. canities, i, 331. edema, i, 330. nails, i, 331. pigmentation, i, 330. purpura, i, 330. scleroderma, i, 330. various, i, 331. Vigoroux's sign, i, 329. — of hypothyroidism, i, 405. — of tetany, i, 623. Cyanids, effects of, on metabolism, iii, 745. Cyclic vomiting of children, acidosis in, cause of, iv, 92. diagnosis of, iv, 92. therapy for, iv, 92. type of, iv, 92. Cycloplegics, in eye-strain, ii, 786. Cysteic acid, formula for, iv, 518. Cystein, iii, 88, 111. Cystic degeneration of ovary, produc- ing amenorrhea, ii, 594. Cystin, iii, 88, 111. — action on, of bacteria, iv, 531. — analysis of, iv, 515. — as a disulfide, iv, 517. — as precursor of taurin, iv, 518. — chemistry of, iv, 515. — copper, iv, 522. — decomposition of, role of bacteria in, iv, 521. — derivation of, iv, 517. — detection and separation of, from urine, iv, 522. — excretion of, in urine, from subcuta- neous injection of, iv, 530, 532. — feeding of, to dog, table of, iv, 527, 528. oxidation of, in urine, iv, 530. to dogs and rabbits, Blum's obser- vations and tables, iv, 532. — formula? for, iv, 516. cysteic acid, iv, 518. — identification of, obtained from stones and from protein decomposi- tion, iv, 521. — insolubility of, in water, iv, 522. — nitrogenous substances present with, in urine, iv, 525. — occurrence of, in parts of body, iv, 520. in protein molecule, iv, 518. in substances rich in keratin, iv, 519. Cystin, oxidation of, iv, 518, 522. — reactions of, iv, 531. — reduction of, iv, 516. — sulphur in, iv, 515. — synthesis of, iv, 520. Cystin calculi, iv, 468. Cystin fraction, quantitative analyses of, iv, 518, 519. Cystin nitrogen, determination of, in proteins, iv, 519. Cystinuria, amount of cystin excreted in, table, iv, 526. — and diaminuria, relation of, iv, 479. — cases of, in same family, iv, 527. — Niemann's list, according to sex and age, iv, 524. — cause of, iv, 523. — cystin : nitrogen ratio, iv, 529. — due to defect in intermediary metab- olism of amino-acid, iv, 526. — excretion of diamins in urine in, iv, 479. — leucin and tyrosin in urine of, iv, 527. — metabolic anomalies in, iv, 535. — metabolic changes in, iv, 525. — metabolic studies of, iv, 527. — nitrogen metabolism in, iv, 527. — rheumatic diatheses in, iv, 529. — sulphur partition in, iv, 534. — thyroid, i, 293, 294. — treatment of, iv, 538. — types of, iv, 530. — urine of, amino-acids in, iv, 527. — Wolfs observations and tables on, iv, 535, 537. Cysts* of hypophysis cerebri, i, 802. — of the thymus, ii, 388. congenital syphilitic, ii, 389. — parathyroid, i, 572. — pineal, ii, 36. Cytolysis, specific, as method of creat- ing gland deficiency, i, 41. Cytosine, iii, 137. — and uracil, iii, 137. Dalrymple's sign, i, 319. Dandy, W. E., experimental extirpa- tions of, of pineal gland (1915), i, 68; ii,,27. Darwin, idea of, on pangenesis, i, 62. Davy, Humphrey (1778-1829), oxygen obtained from arterial blood by, iii, 31. — "phosoxygen" of, iii, 31. Deaf-mutism, in cretinic degeneration, i, 462, 467. 728 GENEKAL INDEX Deafness, in cretinic degeneration, i, 462. — thyroid treatment of, i, 102. Deciduomata, artificial production of, ii, 565. Decomposition, enzymatic, of combined purins, iii, 158. — of phenyl alanin, by bacteria, iii, 684. — of proteins by bacteria, decomposi- tion of tryptophan, iii, 682. decomposition of ty rosin, iii, 681. — physiological, of nucleic acid, iii. 148. Decomposition products, partial, of thymus nucleic acid, iii, 147. Degeneration, of suprarenals, amyloid, ii, 263. parenchymatous, ii, 263. — of the thyroid gland, i, 284. — amyloid, parenchymatous, fatty, etc., i, 284, 285. — calcareous, i, 285. - hyalin, i, 284. Degenerative changes, in hypophysis, due to infectious diseases, i, 779. Dementia prsecox, thymus therapy for, i, 144. — thyroid therapy in, i, 101. Denaturalization of proteins, iii, 100. Dennstedt and Rumpf's table of min- eral constituents of different organs, iii, 304. Dentition, anomalies of, in cretinic de- generation, i, 466. — in hypothyroidism, i, 409. — See also Teeth. Dephlogisted air, iii, 16. Dercum's disease, iv, 40. Dermatitis, associated with miscellane- ous causes, iv, 704. Dermatitis exfoliativa, associated with miscellaneous causes, iv, 704. Dermatitis herpetiformis, associated with miscellaneous causes, iv, 704. Dermatopathies erythema, in Graves' disease, i, 331. Dermatoses, associated, with carbohy- drate metabolism, iv, 703. with cardiovascular disease, iv, 699. with diet, iv, 697. acne vulgaris, iv, 698. angioneurotic edema, iv, 698. eczema, iv, 697. — prurigo, iv, 698. rosacea, iv, 698. urticaria, iv, 698. Dermatoses, associated, with digestive disturbances, iv, 695. acne vulgaris, iv, 696. — angioneurotic edema, iv, 697. — — eczema, adult form of, iv, 696. — pruritus, iv, 697. urticaria, iv, 697. — with disturbed nitrogen metabo- lism, iv, 702. — with endocrin disturbances, iv, 701. — with miscellaneous causes, iv, 703. — acne or acne vulgaris, iv, 704. — acroasphyxia, iv, 704. dermatitis, iv, 704. dermatitis exfoliativa, iv, 704. dermatitis herpetiformis, iv, 704. — erythema multiforme, iv, 704. — furunculosis, iv, 705. — gangrenes, iv, 705. — pemphigus, iv, 705. — prurigo, iv, 705. — psoriasis, iv, 705. rosacea, iv, 705. seborrhea, iv, 705. urticaria, iv, 705. zanthoma, iv, 703, 705. with nervous diseases, iv, 700. with renal disease, iv, 700. with respiratory diseases, iv, 701. — relation of, to metabolic disturb- ances, iv, 693. — associated with carbohydrate metabolism, iv, 703. — with cardiovascular disease, iv, 699. — with disturbed nitrogen me- tabolism, iv, 702. — with endocrin disturbances, iv, 701. with miscellaneous causes, iv, 703. with nervous diseases, iv, 700. with renal disease, iv, 700. with respiratory diseases, iv, 701. in diet, iv, 697. in digestive disturbances, iv, 695. Dermoids, of the ovaries, ii, 607. Despretz (1792-1863), experiments of, on calorimetry, iii, 34. Development, harmonious, essentials of, ii, 857. — influence on, of hormone organs, iii, 858. GEKEKAL INDEX 729 Dextro-ribose, iii, 136. Dextrose, administration of, in, intra- venous feeding, iii, 818. rectal feeding, iii, 812. in subcutaneous feeding, iii, 816. — obtaining glycogenic substance from liver in form of dry powder, which by fermentation could be converted into, i, 59. — process of formation of, in body, i, 58. Diabetes, alcohol in, iii, 301. — alkali therapy in, iii, 316, 734. — Allen method of starvation in, iv, 26. — and acidosis, iv, 277. — and pancreas, production of, by re- moval of pancreas, ii, 703. — and pancreatic disease, early clinical observations on coincidence of, ii, 700. as a result of loss of pancreatic function, ii, 702. — artificial, i, 59. — blood lipoids in, iii, 446. — causation of, in correlation of endo- crin glands, i, 75. • — conception of, as result of a defi- ciency in the endocrinal activity of the islets of Langerhans, ii, 698. — dietetic management of, iv, 280. dealing with food supply in terms of carbohydrate, protein and fat, iv, 283. discussion of hypothetical diets, iv, 284. endogenous factors of food supply, iv, 281. estimation of "optional" caloric diets, iv, 285. rationale of, iv, 281. remarks on, iv, 286. — due to pancreatitis, due in turn to syphilis, ii, 724. — "duodenal," iii, 712. — effect on, of opiates, iii, 766. — experimental, by excision of pan- creas, i, 63. by ingestion of phlorizin, i, 63. — glucose in, cause of under consump- tion of, iv, 273. impaired utilization of, cause of, iv, 275. — heredity important factor in, ii, 731. — hyperglycemia of, iii, 444. — introduction to, iv, 263. — Islands of Langerhans in, patholog- ical changes in, iii, 707. Diabetes, metabolism in, total, iv, 269. — nature of internal secretion of pan- creas, iv, 276. — ocular symptoms due to, ii, 779. — pancreas, relation of, ii, 695. — pancreatic, differentiated from phloridzin, ii, 703. etiology of, ii, 723. -importance of discovery of, ii, — relation of, to obesity, iv, 36. — theories of, Allen's statement (1921), ii, 720. Eppinger and Falta, ii, 722. Herxheimer (1920), ii, 723. Kraus (1920), ii, 722. Brown, W. Langdon (1920), ii, 721. Newburgh and Marsh (1921), ii, 721. — threshold of sugar excretion in, iii, 444. Diabetes insipidus, and sella turcica, iv, 870. — diagnosis of, iv, 875. — differential diagnosis of, iv, 876. — etiology of, iv, 861. age, iv, 863. — classification of, iv, 861. — definition of, iv, 861. — etiology of, heredity, iv, 864. infectious diseases, iv, 865. new growths, iv, 864. — pregnancy, iv, 866. — sex, iv, 863. syphilis, iv, 866. trauma, iv, 865. — historical, iv, 861. Diabetes insipidus, in dystrophia adi- posogenitalis, i, 879. — pathological anatomy of, iv, 872. — pituitary (posterior) therapy for, i, 112. — prevalence of, iv, 862. — prognosis of, iv, 875. — symptoms and signs of, amount of urine passed, iv, 867. blood pressure, iv, 867. blood sugar tests, iv, 868. in carbohydrate metabolism, iv, 867. in the hair, iv, 867. mental, iv, 867. — optic, iv, 869. polyuria and thirst, iv, 867. sexual, iv, 870. specific gravity of blood, iv, 868. sweat glands, iv, 867. 730 GENERAL INDEX Diabetes insipidus, symptoms and signs of, temperature, iv, 867. — treatment of, iv, 877. by lumbar puncture, iv, 877. by pituitrin, iv, 877. Diabetes mellitus, as a major endocrin syndrome, ii, 937. — associated with Graves' disease, i, 339. — medullary, production of, i, 59. Diabetic acidosis, clinical conditions in, comparison of, with results of differ- ent tests for clinical deficit, table, iv, 85. — diagnosis of, iv, 88. — therapy for, iv, 89. — type and cause of, iv, 88. Diabetic cataract, ii, 779. Diabetic glycosuria, iv, 267, 268. Diabetic urine, heptose in, iv, 304. — sugars other than glucose in, iv, 267. Diamino acids, and diamins, relation between, iv, 480. Diamino-monophosphatides, of brain, iii, 470. Diamins, and diamino acids, relation between, iv, 480. — excreted in urine, in cystinuria, iv, 479. — origin of, Brieger's demonstration of, iv, 480. Diaminuria, and cystinuria, relation of, iv, 479. — significance of, iv, 482. Diarrhea, antispastic action of epi- nephrin in, i, 140. — fatty, of autonomic origin, i, 332. — infantile, acidosis in, alkaline treat- ment for, iii, 735. : diagnosis of, iv, 91. therapy for, iv, 92. type and cause of, iv, 90. blood in, iv, 793. due to excess of fat, iv, 789, 791. to excess of food elements, iv, 789. feeding of cow's milk or cow's milk whey in, effects of, iv, 795. functional alterations in circula- tory system, iv, 794. loss of organic constituents of food by the bowels, iv, 792, 793. metabolism in, iv, 788. process of, iv, 794. role of intestinal bacteria in, iv, 790, 791. organic acids in, iv, 790. Diarrhea, infantile, symptoms of, iv, 788, 789. toxins in, theory of, iv, 796. — — urine in, iv, 793. water deficit in, accountable for symptoms, iv, 796, 797. weight loss in, explanation of, iv, 796. — metabolism of, in Addison's disease, iv, 640. in exophthalmic goiter, iv, 640. — of autonomic origin, i, 332. Diathetic conditions, sympathicotonus and vagotonus, i, 74. Diet, acid, iii, 413. — adequacy of, criteria of, iii, 361. — as a factor, in iodin content of thy- roid gland, i, 251. in results of parathyroidectomy, i, 526. — cereals, iii, 421. — changes of, its advantages, iii, 408. — conclusions on, of Stark, iii, 12. — consisting solely of cereal grains, failure of, in proper nutrition, iv, 244. — crop failures and famine, iii, 360. — deficiencies of, inorganic, iv, 244. — deficient calcium, iv, 246. experimental results of, on growth and nutrition, iv, 243. — disturbances of bone metabolism due to, iv, 764. — deficient protein, iv, 246. — dermatoses associated with, iv, 697. acne vulgaris, iv, 698. — • — angioneurotic edema, iv, 698. eczema, iv, 697. prurigo, iv, 698. rosacea, iv, 698. urticaria, iv, 698. — effect of, on structure of thyroid, i, 220. — energy content of food, iii, 407. — experiments on, of Stark, iii, 13, 14. — functions of carbohydrates in, iii, 271. of proteins in, iii, 121. — in blood diseases, influence of, on metabolism, iv, 594. — influence of, on metabolism, in treat- ment of blood diseases, iv, 594. on suprarenals, ii, 121. — influence of variations in, on metab- olism in gastric disorders, iv, 609. — in gout, iv, 442. acute form, iv, 444. chronic form, iv, 445. GENERAL INDEX 731 Diet, in tetany, for prevention of, i, 684. — in treatment of, exophthalmic goiter, i, 366. hypothyroidism, i, 432. obesity, iv, 47. tetany, i, 693. — metabolic disturbances in infancy due to insufficiency of certain ele- ments in, iv, 802. of carbohydrates, iv, 804. edema, iv, 802, 803. of mineral salts, iv, 805. of proteins, iv, 804. of vitamines, iv, 806. — milk, iii, 421. — normal conclusions on, iii, 420. definition of, iii, 361. — of infants, artificial feeding with cow's milk, iii, 320. — fat, iii, 320. — vegetable, iii, 319. — of primitive peoples, iii, 359. — ordinary, ash constituents of, iii, 396. — protein, question of optimum versus minimum, iii, 119. — purin-free, for uric acid calculi, iv, 469. — relation between microbic response and, in normal nurslings, iii, 691. — relative importance of certain foods, iii, 362. cereals, iii, 365. — meat, 363. per capita consumption of, table of, iii, 364. — value of flavor in, Voit, iii, 74. • protein in, iii, 408. — vegetarian, iii, 399. basal metabolism of, iii, 400. disadvantages of, iii, 400. Dietary for test day for renal function, iv, 369. Dietary constituent, water as, iii, 275. drinking of, with meals, iii, 280, 283, 287, 288, 294. influence on metabolism of, di- minished intake, iii, 279. increased ingestion of, iii, 277. Dietary deficiency, and pellagra, iv, 900. — causing edema, iv, 158. Dietary studies, according to weight and age, normal and below normal, iii, 416. Symond's table of, based on ac- cepted applicants for life insurance, iii, 419, 420. Dietary studies, amount and nature of food consumed in different countries, iii, 370, 371. — carbohydrate minimum, iii, 411. — changes in food habits within recent times, iii, 395. — choice of factor for calculating food consumed per man, iii, 367. — per woman, iii, 367. — energy content and bulk, iii, 418. — energy requirements for children, iii, 367. — fat minimum, iii, 410. — food requirements, amount of ash, iii, 394. amount of fat, iii, 393. — amount of protein, iii, 392. — importance of bread and flour, iii, 418. — influence on food consumption of climate and season, iii, 387. — of economic status, iii, 391. — in amount of protein, iii, 392. — of work, iii, 391. in amount of protein, iii, 392. — level of nutrition, iii, 416. — manner of conducting and of calcu- lating results, iii, 366. — minimum of ash constituents, iii, 411. — Neumann's observations on himself of reduced war diet, chart, iii, 417. — nitrogen minimum, iii, 401. — of entire countries and cities, iii, 371. tables, Belgium, iii, 372, 373. -Denmark, iii, 374, 375. -Finland, iii, 374, 375. — France, iii, 374, 375. — Germany, iii, 376, 377. Great Britain, iii, 378, 379. — Greenland, iii, 376, 377. India, iii, 380, 381. -Italy, iii, 380, 381. -Japan, iii, 382, 383. Java, iii, 380, 381. Eussia, iii, 382, 383. Sweden, iii, 384. 385. Switzerland, iii, 384, 385. -United States, iii, 384, 385, 386, 387. — protein minimum and optimum, iii, 401. — experiments on, of Chittenden, iii, 402. — of Fisher, iii, 405. of McCay, iii, 406. 732 GENERAL INDEX Dietary studies, protein minimum and optimum, experiments on, of Neu- mann, iii, 402. — results reported as food consumed not that supposed to be absorbed, iii, 369. — scales for converting food require- ment of women and children into "man's equivalents," iii, 368. — undernutrition, iii, 414, 415. — war edema, iii, 415. — war time foods, in Russia and Ger- many, iii, 418. Dietetic management of diabetes, iv, 280. — dealing with food supply in terms of carbohydrate, protein and fat, iv, 283. — discussion of hypothetical diets, iv, 284. — endogenous factors of food supply, iv, 281. — estimation of "optimal" caloric diets, iv, 285. — rationale of, iv, 281. — remarks on, iv, 286. Dietetic treatment of calculi, cystin, iv, 472. — oxalate, iv, 470. phosphate, iv, 468. uric acid, iv, 468. xanthin, iv, 472. — of edema, iv, 190. - Epstein's dietetic therapy of neph- ritis with edema, iv, 191. Karell regime, iv, 190. restriction of fluid and salt in- take, iv, 190. Diet factors in building up of hemo- globin, iv, 559. Diets, nitrogen hunger of Landergren, iv, 148. — successful in nutrition, three types of, iv, 245. Diet scheme in oxaluria, iv, 471. Diffusion pressure, in lymph produc- tion and edema, iv, 183. of the solute, iv, 184. of the solvent, iv, 184. Digestion, gastric, influence on, of water, iii, 281. — — physiology of, iv, 608. — in fat metabolism in the intestines, iii, 193. of stomach, iii, 189. — of carbohydrates, iii, 248. action of ptyalin, iii, 248. gastric, iii, 249. Digestion, of carbohydrates, intestinal, iii, 249. — salivary, iii, 248. — of fats in the intestines, bile, iii, 198. — emulsification, iii, 200. factors in, pancreatic secretion, iii, 197. — of the protein, iii, 101. — of vitamines, iii, 347. — pancreatic, influence on, of water, iii, 289. — salivary, influence on, of water, iii, 281. Digestive canal, resorption of oxalate in, iv, 463. Digestive disturbances, dermatoses as- sociated with, iv, 695. acne vulgaris, iv, 696. — angioneurotic edema, iv, 697. — eczema, adult form of, iv, 696. — pruritus, iv, 697. — urticaria, iv, 697. Digestive function, and the spleen, ii, 664. % Digestive products, of Bence - Jones protein, iv, 486. Digestive system, physiology of, in un- dernutrition, iv, 18. Digestive tract, tetany in diseases of, i, 648. — colonic dilatation, i, 649. — gastric tetany, i, 648. helminthiasis (worm tetany), i, 649. — stenosis* of the duodenum, i, 649. Digitalis, in treatment of edema, iv, 192. Dilatation of the stomach, metabolism in, iv, 622. Dioses, iii, 242. Diphtheria toxin, iii, 669. Disaccharides, iii, 243. — lactose, iii, 245. formula for, iii, 244. — maltose, iii, 246. — ^ — formula for, iii, 244. — sucrose, iii, 245. formula for, iii, 244. Dispositional characteristics, and the testes, ii, 457. Distilled water, iii, 292. Diuretic property of mineral waters, iii, 847. Diuretics, in treatment of edema, iv, 192. Drowsiness, associated with pineal dis- ease, ii, 55. GENEKAL INDEX 733 Drugs, action of, on epinephrin output, ii, 146. — classification of, sympathicotropic, sympathicotonic or sympathicomi- metic, i, 74. vagotropic, vagotonic or vagomi- metic, i, 74. — epinephrinemia due to, iii, , 782. — in treatment of edema, digitalis, iv, 192. diuretics, iv, 192. purgatives, iv, 193. — producing amenorrhea, ii, 596. — theory of reduction of fever by, iii, 771. Ductless glands, abnormality of, me- tabolism in intestinal disturbances following, iv, 640. — history of, i, 45. — terminology of, i, 4. Dulong (1785-1838), experiments of, on calorimetry, iii, 35. Dumas (1800-1884), experiments of, on calorimetry, iii, 36. Duodenal contents, pancreatic ferments in, testing for presence of, iv, 664. — urobilin in, iii, 165. clinical significance of, iii, 168. determination of, iii, 167. Duodenal feeding, Einhorn's routine, iii, 808. — indications for, iii, 807. — metabolism of, iii, 807. — method of introducing duodenal tube, iii, 807. Duodenum, stenosis of, tetany due to, i, 649. Dwarfism, chondrodystrophia fcetalis, ii, 850. — chondrodystrophic, differentiated from eunuchism, ii, 850. — classification of, ii, 843. — definition of, ii, 843. — hypophyseal, ii, 845. cases of, ii, 846. — other endocrin disorders leading to general dwarfism, ii, 848. — primordial, ii, 844. — proportionate, ii, 843. — terminology of, ii, 843. — disproportionate or false, ii, 843, 848. Dynamic action, of foods, in infants from two weeks to one year of age, iii, 643. Dysgenital infantilism, ii, 861. Dysmenorrhea, ovarian therapy in, i, 158. Dysmenorrhea, primary, endocrinologic relationship, ii, 631. — etiology of, ii, 632. — importance of hypoplasia of uter- us in, ii, 632. — treatment of, ii, 633. Dyspituitarism, explanation of term, Harvey Gushing (1910), i, 66. — multiple hemangiomas in, i, 881. — with failing vision, ii, 793. Dyspnea, in nephritis, iv, 312. — of autonomic origin, i, 333. Dysthyroidism, i, 52. — and Graves' disease, i, 302. — as cause of exophthalmic goiter, Janney's theory, i, 302, 311. — blood pressure in, i, 328. — explanation of term, i, 66. — meaning of, i, 300. — terminology of, i, 299. — application of, i, 300. Dystopias of the suprarenals, ii, 261. Dystrophia adiposogenitalis, adenoids and pituitary deficiency, i, 880. — alterations in sella turcica, i, 869. — abnormally small sellae, i, 873. — character of sella turcica in rela- tion to salient features of symptoma- tology, Timme's tabulation, i, 874. — Cushing's three types of patho- logically deformed and enlarged sel- lae, i, 872. — x-ray sella, i, 870. — and cachexia hypophysopriva, i, 880. — as a major endocrin syndrome, ii, 936. — deficiency syndrome of, i, 911. — definition of, i, 859. — diabetes insipidus in, i, 879. — diagnosis of, i, 907. — and adrenals, i, 909. atypical form, examples of, i, 907. — early stages, i, 908. — gonadal, i, 909. — in thyroid deficiency, i, 908. — milder forms, i, 908. — pluriglandular varieties, i, 908. — differentiated from, adiposis dolo- rosa, i, 909. insuffisance pluriglandulaire of Claude and Gougerot, ii, 890. — pineal gland, i, 909. — due to thyroid deficiency, i, 908. - etiology of, i, 902. — age, i, 904. — congenital hypopituitariasm, i, 904. heredity, i, 903. 734 GENERAL INDEX Dystrophia adiposogenitalis, etiology of, infections, i, 905. predisposing factors, i, 903. sex, i, 904. sex epochs, i, 905. — • — syphilis, i, 904. trauma, i, 905. — experimental research, i, 864. — genital hypoplasia in, i, 878. — gonadal, i, 909. — grafting of hypophysis, i, 865. — history of, i, 860. — illustrative cases of, boy, aged 17, i, 885. — laboratory findings, i, 888. ophthalmic examination, i, 888. physical examination, i, 887. female, i, 883. masculine type, i, 881. — introduction to, i, 859. — literary contributions to subject, chronologically arranged, i, 889. — Napoleon, i, 69. — neighborhood signs and symptoms, nerve involvement, i, 866. — visual disturbances, i, 866. — new growths, i, 906. — ophthalmic findings, i, 868. — pharmacological researches on, i, 866. _ — pituitary (anterior) therapy in, i, 120. — pituitary feeding for, i, 865. — pituitary treatment for, i, 112. — pluriglandular varieties, i, 908. — polyuria in, i, 879. — produced by removal of pituitary body, i, 65. — prognosis of, i, 910. — skeletal undergrowth and infantil- ism, i, 876. — symptomatology of, i, 892. — epilepsy, i, 901. general description of, i, 892. general pressure svmptoms, i, 900. genital, i, 893. integumental changes, i, 892. mental manifestations of, i, 894. metabolism, i, 895. nervous manifestations of, i, 894. obesity and general configuration of the body, i, 896. polydypsia and polyuria, i, 879, 894. — psychic disturbances, i, 900. — treatment of, by general measures, i, 923. Dystrophia adiposogenitalis, treatment of, by organotherapy, i, 910. deficiency syndrome, i, 911. pituitary, anterior lobe, i, 911, 922. hypophyseal, i, 912. — posterior lobe, i, 922. whole gland, i, 210, 920, 922. redistribution of fat, i, 913. — tables showing, i, 914-918. - thyroid, i, 911. — by x-ray, i, 922. — surgical, i, 923. Echinococcus cysts, orchitis in, ii, 486. Eck fistula, carbohydrate metabolism after, ii, 676. Eclampsia, and albuminuria, iv, 835. — and liver involvement, iv, 836. — metabolism in, table, iv, 851. - tables of, iv, 844, 845. — parathyroid therapy in, i, 111. — placenta as a factor in, ii, 656. — theories of cause of, iv, 838. Eclampsia infantum, differentiated from tetany, i, 619, 620, 680. Economic status, influence of, on food consumption, iii, 391. Eczema, adult form of, associated with digestive disturbances, iv, 696. — associated with diet, iv, 697. — etiological division into groups, iv, 696. — in Graves' disease, i, 331. — in infancy and early childhood, me- tabolism in, iv, 809. — thyroid treatment of, i, 105. Edema, anatomy of, morbid, iv, 159. — and cell metabolism, iv, 66. — and cell respiration, iv, 166. — and inorganic metabolism, iv, 166. — and protein metabolism, iv, 166. — and thyroid gland, role of, iv, 167. — angioneurotic, iv, 158. — ocular, ii, 771. — as a water retention, iii, 311. — blood flow in, rate and volume of, iv, 170. — blood and plasma volume in, iv, 170. — blood serum analysis, in sodium bi- carbonate form of, iv, 167. — capillary permeability and, iv, 169. — causes of, chemical, iv, 158. dietary deficiency, iv, 158. -heredity, iv, 159. — mechanical, iv, 157. neuropathic, iv, 158. protein poisoning, iv, 158. GENEKAL IM)EX 735 Edema, chemistry of fluids of, iv, 159. analyses of blood and edema flu;d in war-edema, iv, 168. average composition of effusion fluids table, iv, 161. blood serum analysis in sodium bicarbonate form of, iv, 167. chemical characteristics of tran- sudates, table, iv, 164. chlorid content, iv, 162. -table, iv, 163. composition of cutaneous effu- sions, iv, 161. concentration of electrolysis, iv, 162. enzymes of the plasma, iv, 164. freezing point, iv, 162. - table, iv, 163. immune bodies, iv, 164. molecular concentration, iv, 162. non-protein constituents, iv, 161. - table, iv, 162. non-protein nitrogen content of, table, iv, 163. protein constituents, iv, 160. reaction of, iv, 164. review of chemistry of normal lymph, iv, 160. sugar, iv, 162. surface tension, iv, 164. toxicity, iv, 165. — circulatory changes and, iv, 170. blood and plasma volume in, iv, 170. composition of blood in heart failure, iv, 172. rate and volume of blood flow, iv, 170. — clinical features of, ascites, iv, 157. general, iv, 156. hydrothorax, iv, 157. kidneys, iv, 157. in the liver, iv, 157. lungs, iv, 157. skin 'and subcutaneous tissues, iv, 156. — composition of blood in heart fail- ure, iv, 172. carbon dioxid content, iv, 172. oxygen content, iv, 172. number and volume of red cells, iv, 173. reaction of blood, iv, 173. sodium chlorid content of plasma, iv, 173. summary, iv, 174. — cutaneous effusions of, chemical composition of, iv, 161. Edema, definition of, iv, 153. — definition of terms relative to, iv, 165. — famine, iv, 158. — fluids of, chemistry of, iv, 159. See also Chemistry of fluids of. — forms of, iv, 157. — general manifestations of, iv, 157. — from the physico-chemical stand- point, iv, 179. — nature of edema, iv, 180. — physico-chemical factors in lymph production and edema, iv, 181. — diffusion pressure, iv, 183. — of the solute, iv, 184. — of the solvent, iv, 184. — electrostatic pressure, iv, 187. — hydrophilic action of colloids, iv, 186. — hydrostatic pressure, iv, 181. — osmotic pressure, iv, 184. — hereditary, chronic, iv, 159. — historical, iv, 153. — in cachexia, iv, 158. — in exophthalmic goiter, i, 330. — inflammatory, iv, 159. — influence of chlorids and fluids, iv, 187. — in Graves' disease, i, 331. — in inanition, iv, 158. — in infancy and early childhood, due to condensed milk, iv, 804. — due to insufficiency of certain ele- ments in diet, iv, 802, 803. — pathogenesis of, theories as to, iv, 804. — in nephritis, iv, 312. — introduction to, iv, 153. — lymph production, iv, 179. — physico-chemical factors in, iv, 181. physico-chemical factors in, diffu- sion pressure, iv, 183. — of the solute, iv, 184. — of the solvent, iv, 184. — electrostatic pressure, iv, 187. — hydrophilic action of colloids, iv, 186. — hydrostatic pressure, iv, 181. — osmotic pressure, iv, 184. — morbid anatomy of, iv, 159. — morphology and chemical pathology of, chemistry of edema fluids, iv, 160. — morbid anatomy of, iv, 159. — nature of, iv, 180. — neuropathic, iv, 158. — of heart failure, composition of blood in, iv, 172. 736 GENERAL INDEX Edema, of heart failure, composition of blood in, carbon dioxid content, iv, 172. — oxygen content, iv, 172. — number and volume of red cells, iv, 173. — reaction of blood, iv, 173. — sodium chlorid content of plasma, iv, 173. — summary, 174. — hydrothorax of, iv, 157. — skin and subcutaneous tissues in, iv, 156. — treatment of, iv, 189. — of hypophysis cerebri, i, 772. — of nephritis, treatment of, iv, 189. Epstein's dietetic therapy, iv, 191. — of suprarenals, ii, 262. — of the brain and nephritic toxicosis, iv, 394. — of the kidneys, iv, 157. — of the liver, iv, 157. — of the lungs, iv, 157. — of the thymus gland, ii, 382. — pathological physiology of, iv, 165. analyses of blood and edema fluid in war edema, iv, 168. blood serum analysis in sodium bicarbonate edema, iv, 167. capillary permeability, iv, 169. cell metabolism and edema, iv, 166. — cell respiration and, iv, 166. circulatory changes, iv, 170. definition of terms used in dis- cussion, iv, 165. disturbances in flow of lymph, iv, 165. inorganic metabolism, and, iv, 166. — protein metabolism and, iv, 166. renal excretory function in its re- lation to, iv, 174. role of thyroid ink, iv, 167. — physico - chemical factors in, iv, 181. diffusion pressure, iv, 183. of the solute, iv, 184. — of the solvent, Iv, 184. electrostatic pressure, iv, 187. hydrophilic action of colloids, iv, 186. hydrostatic pressure, iv, 181. osmotic pressure, iv, 184. — problem of, .iv, 155. Edema, renal excretory function in its relation to, iv, 174. — nephritis, acute diffuse, iv, 175. — chronic diffuse, iv, 176. — chronic interstitial, iv, 175. — chronic parenchymatous, iv, 176. — subacute, iv, 176. — renal function in other conditions associated with edema, iv, 178. — summary of, iv, 178. — soda, iv, 158. — sodium bicarbonate, blood serum analysis in, iv, 167. — spontaneous, iv, 158. — treatment of, baths, iv, 194. — diatetic, iv, 190. — Epstein's dietetic therapy of nephritis with edema, iv, 191. — Karell regime, iv, 190. — restriction of fluid and salt in- take, iv, 190. drug therapy, digitalis, iv, 192. diuretics, iv, 192. — purgatives, iv, 193. — thyroid extract, iv, 193. — etiologic, iv, 189. in nephritis, iv, 189. of edema of heart failure, iv, 189. — prophylaxis, iv, 188. — war, iv, 15*8. — analyses of blood and edema fluid in, iv, 168. — or hunger, iii, 415. Edema fluids, chemistry of fluids of, conductivity, iv, 162. Edwards, WiUiam F. (1776-1842), car- bon dioxid, his conclusions on, iii, 32. Effervescent baths, iii, 865. Eggs, in rectal feeding, iii, 813. Einhorn's duodenal feeding, iii, 808. Ejaculatory reflex, ii, 459. Elastin, or connective tissue, iii, 466. Electricity, as a therapeutic agent, iii, 894. — contraction of muscles by, iii, 894. — effects of, on body, iii, 895. — in treatment of exophthalmic goiter, i, 366. — stimulation of nerves by, iii, 894. — use of, in pathological condition, iii, 895. Electrolysis, salting out of proteins by, iii, 99. Electrostatic pressure, in lymph pro- duction and edema, iv, 187. GENERAL INDEX 737 Electrotherapy, in treatment of tetany, i, 692. Emaciation, in exophthalmic goiter, i, 337. Embolism, of hypophysis cerebri, i, 773. Embryonic growth, and energy me- tabolism, iii, 616. Emergency theory of Addison's disease, ii, 286. Emprosthotonus, i, 591. Encephalomyelitis, differentiated from tetany, i, 682. Encephalitis, differentiated from tet- any, i, 682. Endocrin, terminology of, i, 5. Endocrin and nerve control of glyco- genesis, glycogenolysis and glucoly- sis, iii, 257. Endocrin biology, difficulties in field of, i, 43. Endocrin disorders, leading to dwarf- ism, general, ii, 848. hypophyseal, ii, 845. Endocrin disturbances, and constitu- tional disease, ocular symptoms due to, ii, 778. — associated with acromegaly, i, 839. — dermatoses associated with, iv, 701. Endocrin doctrine, basic idea of, i, 3. • — definition of, i, 45. — history of, i, 3, 45. Endocrin drugs, effect of, on metabo- lism, epinephrin, iii, 780. thyroid gland substance, iii, 782. Endocrin dystrophies, hyperthyroidism differentiated from other, i, 422. chondrodystrophy, i, 423. congenital idiocy, i, 424. eunuchoidism, i, 422. Erb'hlich's syndrome, i, 422. mongolism, i, 423. rickets, i, 423. Endocrin functions, methods of, deter- mining, i, 509. investigation of, i, 27. augmentation of hormones, ad- ministration by mouth, i, 33. • administration by rectum, i, 34. clinical studies of excessive hormone secretion, i, 39. direct application to tissues, i, 36. intrapulmonary injections, i, 35. intravenous injections, i, 28. Endocrin functions, methods of, inves- tigation of, augmentation of hor- mones, maternal administration, i, 38. — nerve stimulation, i, 38. organ grafting, i, 36. parenteral injections, i, 35. depression of hormones, i, 40. clinical studies on, i, 42. ' gland extirpations, i, 40. infarction, i, 41. -interstitial injury, i, 41. — ligation of blood vessels, i, specific cytolysis, i, 41. mediation of, i, 14. — endocrin administration, i, 15. — hypophyseal extracts, i, 18. — in development of genital tract and accessory glands, i, 19. — morphogenetic functions, i, 19. — pharmacodynamic effects fol- lowing injection of epinephrin, i, 16. — suprarenal extirpation, i, 17. — thyroid hormone, i, 18. — tonus theory, i, 16. — whether body cells are affected directly or through nervous system, or both ways simultaneously, i, 15. — of hypophysis cerebri, early, i, 711. Endocrin glands, aberrant tissue, i, 40. — action of internal secretions of, on central nervous system, i, 76. — active principles of, i, 9. — and mineral metabolism, iii, 336. — and old age, i, 22. — adrenals, i, 23. anatomical changes of senescence, i, 22. — Goodpasture on changes incident to senescence, i, 22. — hypophysis, i, 24. — ovary, i, 24. parathyroid glands, i, 23. — physical debility of senescence, i, 22. — pineal organ in, i, 24. — senile alterations suggesting en- docrin factors, i, 23. sexual alterations in female, i, 24. in male, i, 24. summary of evidence on, i, 25. — suprarenals, i, 23. — thymus in, i, 24. thyroid gland, i, 23. — balanced activities of, for normals structure and function, significance of, ii, 940. 738 GENERAL INDEX Endocrin glands, correlation of, with one another, i, 70. in causation of diabetes, i, 75. mechanism of, theories regard- ing, i, 72 . on the pathological side, i, 71. on the physiological side, i, 71. pluriglandular syndrome, i, 69, 70, 71. — with sexual function, i, 69. — duality of, i, 21. — extirpation and administration, ef- fect of, on hypophyseal cells, i, 715. — factors determining racial and indi- vidual characteristics, determination of human types by, i, 27. — in configuration, i, 26. in skin and hair, i, 26. — stature, as influenced by gonads, i, 25, 26. — as influenced by hypophysis, i, 25. as influenced by thyroid, i, 26. -functions of. See Endocrin func- tions. — history of, i, 45. accepted view of phenomena of secretion enunciated by Johannes Miiller, i, 57. acromegaly or gigantism, i, 55, 56. action of internal secretions on central nervous system, i, 76. Addison's disease, i, 55. Addison's monograph "On the Constitutional and Local Effects of Disease of the Suprarenal Capsules," • i, 54. among German physiologists in first half of nineteenth century, i, 57. — antispasmodics, i, 49. — — carbohydrate metabolism, i, 63. correlation of, with one another, i,70. in causation of diabetes, i, 75. with the sexual function, i, 69. difference between autonomic and central or cerebrospinal nervous sys- tems, i, 73. — discovery, of Bernard, Claude (1849), that puncture in region of fourth ventricle of brain in dog will produce temporary glycosuria or medullary diabetes mellitus, i, 59. of glycogenic function of liver, Claude Bernard (1843), i, 58, 59. Endocrin glands, history of, discovery, of iodothyrin in the body, suggesting relation of thyroid gland to iodin me- tabolism, Eugen Baumann (1896), i, 63. — of parathyroids and calcium metabolism, Ivar Sandstrom (1880), i, 63. discovery that the pancreas pos- sesses an internal secretion as well as a digestive function, i, 63. — drugs, and their action, i, 74. — dystrophia adiposogenitalis of Frohlich, i, 53. — exophthalmic goiter, i, 51. experiment of A. A. Berthold (1849) in transplantation of testes of fowl to another part of its body, i, 57. — of Brown-Sequard (1856), in producing Addison's disease by re- moval of suprarenal capsules, i, 60. — of Brown-Sequard (1889) on rejuvenation by administration of testicular extracts, i, 62. -of E. Frank (1912) and Har- vey Gushing (1913) that there is also a polydipsia and polyuria deriving from the pituitary body, i, 59. — of Mering, Joseph von (1886), producing experimental diabetes by ingestion of phlorizin, i, 63. — of Minkowski, Oscar (1889), producing diabetes by experimental excision of pancreas, i, 63. — on pineal gland, extirpation and feeding and injection experi- ments, i, 68. — on removal of pituitary body,, partial and total, i, 65. first crude elements of therapy of, i, 47, 48. — first discovery regarding effects of absence of thyroid body, i, 52. first experiment in physiological surgery upon human beings, i, 66. first half of nineteenth century, i, 57. — from Brown-Sequard in 1891, i, 62. function first stated clearly by Theophile de Bordeu (1722-1776), i, 46. glycogenic secretion in animals, i, 58. — hormonic equilibrium of body and thermodynamic equilibrium, i, 76. internal secretions, and investiga- tions and treatises on, i, 77, 78. GENERAL INDEX 739 Endocrin glands, history of, lungs or individual cells of body tissue^ provi- sionally regarded as ductless glands, i, 58. — myxedema, i, 53. observations, bearing on endemic goiter, in antiquity, i, 50. connected with universal inter- est in giants and dwarfs, i, 49. observations of Brown-Sequard on old Bordeu theory of internal se- cretions (1893), i, 62. of Claude Bernard, epoch-mak- ing character of, indicated by Sir Michael Foster, i, 60. introducing new concept of internal secretions, i, 58. -of Felix Plater (1614), in con- nection with doctrine of the "status thymico-lymphaticus," i, 50. — observations of Legallois (1801), i, 57. on the chromaphil system, i, 68. isolation and investigation of epinephrin, i, 68. on ovariotomy, and Battey's operation (1872), i, 66, 67. on pineal gland or epiphysis cerebri, i, 67. doctrine of "macrogenito- somia prsecox," i, 67. experimental extirpation of, i, 68. — • on pituitary body, activities of, i, 66. discovery of extract of pos- terior lobe (pituitrin), i, 66. in experimental removal of, partial and total, i, 65. perverted function of gland, "dyspituitarism," i, 66. structure of, i, 64. on placental internal secre- tion, i, 68. on relation of tetany to thy- roidectomy and parathyroidectomy, i, 64. on thyroidectomy, i, 60, 61. — obtaining of glycogenic substance of liver in the form of a dry powder, which could be converted into dex- trose by fermentation, Claude Ber- nard (1855), i, 59. ^ pernicious anemia, i, 54. "pluriglandular insufficiency," in- troduced by Claude and Gougerot (1907-1908), i, 69. Endocrin glands, history of, pluri- glandular syndromes, i, 70. — pouring out of thyroidal and adrenal secretions under surgical shock or passion of fear, i, 55. relation to tonus of nervous sys- tem, i, 73, 84. — Barker on, i, 75. — tetany, i, 53. — thymus gland, i, 55. — treatment of myxedema by thy- roid extract, i, 61. — influence of, on secondary sexual characteristics, ii, 345. — in their interrelationships, ii, 919. — gonads, and hypophysis cerebri, ii, 928. — and thymus, ii, 930. -and thyroid, ii, 923. hypophysis, and gonads, ii, 928. - and thyroid, ii, 921, 927. — multiglandular syndromes, ii, 883. — other relationships, ii, 931. — pancreas and thyroid gland, ii, 926. — parathyroids and thyroid gland, ii, 926. — suprarenal glands and thyroid, ii, 920. — thymus gland, and gonads, ii, 930. — and thyroid, ii, 924. — thyroid gland, ii, 919. — and gonads, ii, 923. — and hypophysis, ii, 921, 927. — and pancreas, ii, 926. — and parathyroids, ii, 926. — and suprarenals, ii, 920. — and thymus, ii, 924. — muscular dystrophies in association with, acromegaly combined with, ii, 910. — anomalies in, ii, 912. — asymmetrical atrophies in, ii, 911. — Barsickow's group, ii, 906. — Bregman's cases, ii, 910. classification of, ii, 905. — contractures with, ii, 910. cure of patient in, ii, 911. -Erb's group, ii, 908. - Friedreich's group, ii, 907. — Gowers' group, ii, 908. • historical, ii, 904. hypertrophied tonsils and lower jaw in, ii, 910. — necropsy with, ii, 910, 911. • onset, symptomatology and gen- eral course of, ii, 913. 740 GENERAL INDEX Endocrin glands, muscular dystrophies in association with, pineal involve- ment, Timme's cases, ii, 912. — Prager's cases, ii, 909. — sexual changes in, ii, 910. • skeletal anomalies in, ii, 909. treatment of, ii, 916. — types of, ii, 906. • — relation of internal secretions of, to tonus of nervous system, i, 75, 76. — relationship between autononiic ner- vous system and. See Autonomic- endocrin relationship. • — terminology of, i, 4. — without galactagogic action, ii, 648. Endocrin gland substances, effects of administering, by grafting, i, 15. Endocrin influences, extensive scope of, ii, 161. Endocrin literature, i, 6. Endocrine syndromes, major, ii, 934. — Addison's disease and other hy- poadrenias, ii, 934. — diabetes mellitus, ii, 937. — dystrophia adiposogenitalis, ii, 936. — exophthalmic goiter, ii, 935. • gigantism and acromegaly, ii, 935. — hypergenitalism (pseudohermaph- roditism; premature puberty; hir- sutism), ii, 939. — hypoadrenias, ii, 934. — hypogenitalism (eunuchism; eu- nuchoidism; menopause), ii, 938. — myxedema, ii, 935. — status thymicolymphaticus, ii, 937. - tetany, ii, 936. — multiglandular, ii, 939. Endocrine system, and metabolism, in relation to ophthalmology, disorders of, introduction to, ii, 753. Endocrine therapy, for edema, thyroid extract, iv, 193. • — in ophthalmology, ii, 803. and seasonal incidence, ii, 804. epinephrin, ii, 804. ophthalmic pharmacodynamics, ii, 803. • — use of, ii, 943. Endocrine upsets, producing amenor- rhea, ii, 594. Endocrinology, and ophthalmology, ii, 754. endocrin therapy in ophthalmol- ogy, ii, 803. • ocular affections of pituitary ori- gin, ii. 791. Endocrinology, and ophthalmology, oc- ular morphology, ii, 781. ocular physiology, ii, 766. race and heredity, ii, 755. — sex and heredity, ii, 756. vitamines and the visual organ, ii, 800. — See also Ophthalmo-endocrine system. — future of, and the general practi- tioner, ii, 944. — hypothesis in, value_and place of, ii, 941. — general practitioner and future of endocrinology, ii, 944. — importance of, for the general prac- titioner, ii, 933. • major endocrin syndromes, ii, 934. • multiglandular endocrin syn- dromes, ii, 939. — significance of balanced activi- ties of the endocrin glands for nor- mal structure and function, ii, 940. — special opportunities for observa- tion by, ii, 941. use of endocrin products in ther- apy, ii, 943. value and place of hypothesis, ii, 941. • — nomenclature of, i, 4. autocoid substances or autocoids, i,4. — carelessness in, i, 5. "cryptorhetic," i, 5. ductless glands, i, 4. endocrin glands, i, 4. erregende, i, 5. < — — generic terms for endocrin sub- stances, i, 6. hemmende, i, 5. — hormone, i, 4. internal secretions, i, 4. spermin, i, 6. — thyroxin, i, 6. "Endocrinopathic constitutions," i, 27. Endocrinopathic heredity, illustrative chart of, ii, 884. Endocrinopathies, associated, i, 341. sympathicotonic, i, 341. • suprarenal disorders, i, 345. thymus disorders, i, 342. vagotonic, i, 341. with cretinic degeneration, pitui- tary, i, 461. • with hypothyroidism, i, 392. — and others, i, 419. • parathyroid, i, 393. GENERAL INDEX 741 Endocrinopathies, associated, with hy- pothyroidism, pituitary, i, 393. • thymus, i, 394. with parathyroid gland, thyroid, in tetany, i, 624. with tetany, chromaffin system, i, 628. with thyroid gonad disorders, i, 344. parathyroid disorders, i, 344. hypophysis' cerebri, i, 345. pancreas disorders, i, 346. • difference between manifes- tations of, i, 512. — charts of, chromaffin system, ii, 953. • epiphysis cerebri (pineal body), ii, 951. gonads or sex glands, ii, 955. hypophysis cerebri, ii, 950. • interrenal system, ii, 954. introductory note to, ii,.947. pancreas, ii, 959. parathyroid glands, ii, 949. • suprarenal glands as a whole, ii, 952. chromaffin system, ii, 953. interrenal system, ii, 954. • thymus gland, ii, 956. thyroid gland, ii, 948. gonads, i, 629. hypophysis cerebri, i, 627. pancreas, i, 629. parathyroid glands, i, 624. thymus gland, i, 630. thyroid gland, i, 624. in tetany, i, 624. Endometrial cycle, 584. — comparison of oestrous cycle and, ii, 588. — diagram demonstrating, ii, 585. Endothelioma, of hypophysis cerebri, i, 800. Energy, effect on, of temperature and humidity, iii, 901. — extra, called out by cold baths, iii, 858. — general nature of products of bac- terial growth, arising from utilization of proteins and carbohydrates for, in, 669. — measurement of, Zuntz, iii, 77. • — source of, for muscular contraction, iv, 709. glucose supply, iv, 715. oxygen supply, iv, 709. Energy chemical requirements, for bacterial development, iii, 669. Energy content of food, iii, 406. Energy content of food, and embryonic growth, iii, 616. — and growth, differences between growth and maintenance, iii, 615. embryonic, iii, 616. — post-embryonic, iii, 619. — and post-embryonic growth, iii, 619. — basic principles of, iii, 583. — basal metabolism. See Basal Me- tabolism. conservation of energy in the ani- mal organism, iii, 584. — determination in part by environ- ing temperature, iii, 593. — heat production as affected by external temperature, iii, 601. • energy of muscular work defi- nitely related to potential energy of food, iii, 586. 1 indigestion of food increases me- tabolism, iii, 504. — calorimetry, direct, ii, 567. See also Calorimetry. — indirect, iii, 515. See also Calo- rimetry. — determined in part by environing temperature, how heat is lost from body, iii, 593. — law of surface area, iii, 594. — effect on, of acids and alkalies, iii, 736. — of saline cathartics, iii, 718. -of sodium chlorid, iii, 720. — factors determining level of, iii, 607. — in undernutrition, body tempera- ture, iv, 7. -tables, iv, 8. — heat production, iv, 8. — mechanical efficiency of muscular work, iii, 586. — methods of measuring heat produc- tion from respiratory exchange. See Respiratory exchange. — methods of measuring respiratory exchange. See Respiratory exchange. — normal process of, iii, 515. — of children, up to puberty, iii, 647. -basal, iii, 649. — gaseous exchange, tables of, iii, 648. — of infants, from two weeks to one year of age, iii, 640. basal, iii, 642. — dynamic action of foods in, iii, 643. — influence of age on basal me- tabolism, iii, 646. respiratory quotient, iii, 640. 742 GENERAL INDEX Energy content of food, of infant, new- born, iii, 627. of parturition, before and after, iii, 634. — per unit of body surface, iii, 633. — respiratory quotient, iii, 627. total energy requirement, iii, 639. — See Basal metabolism, of in- fants. — of old age, iii, 658. — of pregnancy, iii, 621. — comparison of energy metabolism in pregnant and non - pregnant women, table, iii, 625. — origin of, in non-nitrogenous food, iii, 586. relative value of different food- stuffs as a source of energy in mus- cular work, iii, 590. — surface area, law of, iii, 594. criticism of, iii, 597. measurement of, iii, 595. — relation of, to body weight, iii, 598. — See Muscular energy. Energy production, von Liebig's obser- vations on, iii, 47. Energy relations, Rubner's insistence on importance of, iii, 76. Energy requirements of body, on ac- count of work performed, iv, 33. — basal metabolism, iv, 31. — effect of food on metabolism, iv, 33. — Meeh formula for determining sur- face area, iv, 31. Enteritis, metabolism in, iv, 629. Enteropathies, congenital, metabolism in, iv, 636. — due to alterations of lumen or posi- tion of intestines, metabolism in, iv, 633. — inflammatory, metabolism in, iv, 629. — neoplastic, metabolism in, iv, 638. — nervous, metabolism in, iv, 637. — parasitic, metabolism in, iv, 635. Enteroptosis, metabolism in, iv, 635. Enuresis, functional, of childhood, due to hypothyroidism, i, 416. — thyroid treatment of, i, 102. Environment, as factor in environ- ment, i, 384. Enzymatic decomposition of combined purins, iii, 158. Enzymes, action on, of light, iii, 892. Enzymes, effect on, of roentgen rays and radio-active substances, iii, 878. — presence of, in normal thyroid gland, i, 246. — protein-liquefying, formation of, iii, 670. Enzymes of the plasma, in edema fluids, iv, 164. Eosinophilia, ii, 797. Epilepsy, associated with thyroid dis- ease, i, 354. — differentiated, from eclampsia in- fantum, i, 619, 620. — from tetany, i, 680. — in dystrophia adiposogenitalis, i, 901. — parathyroid therapy in, i, 111. — pituitary (anterior) therapy in, i, 121. — pituitary (whole) therapy in, i, 122. — starvation in, therapeutic use of, iv, 27. — tetany, differentiated, i, 680. — etiology of relationship, i, 620. — groups of, i, 618. — literature on, i, 618. — pathogenic relationships of child- hood, tetany, and spasmophilia to, i, 619. — peculiarities of, i, 618. — thymus therapy in, i, 144. — thyroid treatment of, i, 101. Epileptiform convulsions, of acro- megaly, i, 847. Epinephrin, Abel's product, ii, 80, 81. — by intrapulmonary injections, i, 35. — by rectum, i, 34. — intramuscularly, i, 35. — administration of, by direct applica- tion to tissues, i, 36. — in Addison's disease, ii, 308. — amount of, in suprarenals, in differ- ent conditions, ii, 266. — an active principle rather than the active principle of gland, i, 9. — and arsenical antisyphilitic prepara- tions, i, 140. — and blood sugar content, ii, 157. — and glycosuria, ii, 157. — and sympathetic system, i, 167. — antispastic action of, i, 138. in bronchial asthma, i, 138. in diarrhea, i, 140. — in stenosis of esophagus, i, 140. in vomiting, i, 139. GENERAL INDEX 743 Epinephrin, as cause of arterial hyper- tension in nephritis, iv, 404.-* — assaying of, methods for, i, 36. — chromaffin substance, i, 68. — concentration of, in blood plasma of suprarenal veins, ii, 151. — control of, i, 168. data concerning physiological ac- tion of, ii, 307. — demonstrated in blood of the adrenal veins, ii, 127. by frog perfusion method (in cats and rabbits), ii, 128. by rabbit intestine segment meth- od (in dogs), ii, 129. — .depressor effects of, ii, 197. — destruction of, in body, ii, 193. — differential effects of, in various or- gans, ii, 203. on circulation of the brain, ii, 221. on circulation of the intestine, ii, 217. on circulation of the kidney, ii, 214. — on circulation of the limb, ii, 205. — on circulation of the liver, ii, 208. — on circulation of the spleen, ii, 212. — on heart, ii, 222. pulmonary circulation, ii, 225. — distribution of, ii, 93. as between the cortex and me- dulla, ii, 190. — effects of, on arterial system, ii, 188. on heart, ii, 189. — on metabolism, body temperature, iii, 781. carbohydrate, iii, 781. catalase, iii, 781. growth, iii, 782. mineral, iii, 782. protein, iii, 782. total, iii, 780. water, iii, 781. on the circulation, ii, 203. — of the brain, ii, 221. of the heart, ii, 222. of the intestine, ii, 217. of the kidney, ii, 214. of the limb, ii, -205. of the liver, ii, 208. pulmonary, ii, 225. of the spleen, ii, 212. — on vonous pressure, ii, 228. — toxic, ii, 251. — empiric therapy with, and arsenical antisyphilitic preparations, i, 140. diseases, i, 140. Epinephrin, empiric therapy with, un- desirable results and contradictions, i, 141. -functions of, in body, ii, 151. -history of (Abel), ii, 80, 81. - immunity to, i, 31. — indispensability of, ii, 161. — induced by asphyxia, ii, 174. — by excitement, ii, 175. by sensory stimulation, evidence of, ii, 172. — influence of, on metabolism, general, ii, 246. — sugar, ii, 246. — injection of, pharmacodynamic ef- fects following, i, 16. — in ophthalmology, ii, 804. — isolation and investigation of, i, 68. — location of action of, ii, 252. — gangliar mechanism, ii, 253. — myoneural junctions, ii, 252. — locus of stimulation by, ii, 192. — nature of, i, 8. — organotherapy of, in acute suprare- nal insufficiency (acute hypoadre- nia), i, 132. — in Addison's disease, i, 131. — in circulatory failure of infec- tious diseases, i, 132. — in collapse of infectious diseases, i, 133. — in Erb's myasthenia, i, 134. — in suprarenal insufficiency, func- tional (hypoadrenia), i, 134. — persistence of, in blood-stream, ii, 193. — pharmacodynamic action of, i, 124, 167. — antispastic, i, 138. — circulatory action, i, 124. -in the blood, i, 126. — on absorption and fat in body, i, 128. — on excretion, i, 129. — on habituation, i, 130. — on kidneys, i, 127. — on metabolism, i, 128. — on nervous system, non-vegeta- tive, i, 128. — on poisoning, acute and chronic, i, 130. — on secretions, i, 127. — on suprarenal glycosuria, i, 127. — on temperature, i, 128. — on the alimentary canal, i, 126. — on the eye, i, 127. — on the respiratory system, i, 126. on the uterus, i, 126. 744 GENERAL INDEX Epinephrin, pharmacodynamic action of, on voluntary muscle, i, 127. seat of, i, 124. — pressor effect of, ii, 191. — factors modifying, ii, 230. — quantitative output of, ii, 131. action on, of drugs, ii, 146. atropin, ii, 149. curare, ii, 149. nicotin, ii, 147, 148. physostigmin, ii, 151. pilocarpin, ii, 149. — strychnin, ii, 146, 149. control of, by nervous system, ii, 134. abdominal sympathetic, ii, 136. afferent paths, ii, 140. central nervOus mechanism, ii, 137. — sensory nerves, ii, 140. — splanchnic nerve, ii, 134. for cats (29), under urethane, ii, 132. for dogs (17), under morphin and ether, ii, 133. for macaque monkeys (2), ii, 134. influence on, of asphyxia, ii, 143. — respiratory effects of, ii, 243. — response to, of alimentary canal, ii, •238. — of bladder, ii, 239. — of body temperature, ii, 249. — of bronchioles, ii, 241. — of genital organs, ii, 240. of glands, ii, 243. of kidney activity, ii, 244. — of metabolism, general, ii, 246. sugar, ii, 246. of muscular activity, ii, 250. — of pigment cells, ii, 242. — of the pupils, ii, 237. of respiratory system, ii, 243. — of smooth muscle in skin, ii, 242. of sweat glands, ii, 242. — of ureter, ii, 239. — of urethra, ii, 239. — store of, in suprarenals, ii, 164. — symptomatic etherapy of, i, 134. vasoconstricting action, i, 134. — terminology of, ii, 92. — use of, in therapy, ii, 943. — vasoconstricting action of, i, 134. in alimentary canal, i, 136. -in eye, i, 136. in genito-urinary tract, i, 136. in hemorrhage, accessible, i, 135. inaccessible, i, 137, 138. in local anesthesia, i, 135. Epinephrin, vasoconstricting action of, in mouth and upper air passages, i, 135. in skin affections, i, 138. — remote or systemic, i, 137. — vasoconstrictor effect of, ii, 191. — problem of, ii, 189. — vasodilator effects of, Cannon and Lyman (1913), ii, 199. — characteristic of vasomotor reac- tion to epinephrin, ii, 203. -Dale (1906), ii, 198. -Elliott (1905), ii, 198. -Hartman (1915), ii, 200. -Hoskins and McClure (1912), ii, 199. — indications from observations, ii, 201. -Meltzer, S. J. and Clara (1903), ii, 198. -Moore and Purinton (1900), ii, 197. — nervous mechanism involved in, ii, 201. -location of, 202. in various orders of vertebrates, ii, 203. — "vasodilator mechanism" of, ii, 203. — vasomotor reaction to, ii, 203. Epinephrin content, in Addison's dis- ease, ii, 282. — in infectious diseases, ii, 321. Epinephrinemia, due to drugs, iii, 782. Epinephrin enemata, i, 136. — in tetany, i, 610. Epinephrin hypersensitiveness test (Goetsch) for hyperthyroidism, i, 172. — evolvement of, i, 477. — function of thyroid secretion forming basis for, i, 475. in adenoma cases, i, 481. in colloid goiter, i, 480. in exophthalmic goiter cases, i, 480. in hypothyroidism, i, 481. — procedure, i, 478. reaction to, i, 477, 479. signs and symptoms necessary for interpretation of test as positive, i, 480. summary of results of, i, 483. value of, in differential diagnosis of many conditions simulating hy- perthyroidism, i, 482. — in estimating degree of tox- icity present in early exophthalmic goiter, i, 482. — over other tests, i, 483. GENERAL INDEX 745 Epinephrin mydriasis, i, 323. Epinephrin mydriasis test o£ Loewi for hyperthyroidism, i, 498. Epiphysis, and sexual development, ii, 347. Epiphysis cerebri, chart of, ii, 951. — See Pineal gland. Epistaxis, thyroid therapy in, i, 105. "Epithelial bodies," i, 46. Erb's group of muscular dystrophies, i, 908. Erb's myasthenia, suprarenal therapy for, i, 134. Erb's phenomenon in tetany, i,* 577, 603. — "excitation reaction" in, i, 608. — in diagnosis of, i, 673. — Mann's conclusions on, i, 604. — von Pirquet's conclusions on, i, 608. technique, i, 605. — value of, for diagnosis in children, i, 605. Erection centers of spinal cord and testes, ii, 459. Erregende, i, 5. Erysipelas, metabolism in, iv, 138. analyses of blood and urine, iv, 139. respiratory, iv, 139. -total, iv, 138. Erythema multiforme, associated with miscellaneous causes, iv, 704. Estrus, iii, 551. Ether, effect of, on metabolism. See Anesthetics, general. Ethereal extract in the urine, iii, 508. Ethylhydrocuprein, effect of, on me- tabolism, ii, 772. Eunuchism, as a major endocrine sys- drome, ii, 938. Eunuchismus, compensatory action, ii, 521. — table of differential diagnosis of in- fantilisms in the male, eunuchoidis- mus and, ii, 520. Eunuchoids, characteristics similar to eunuch, ii, 518. — mental attitude of, ii, 518, 519. — of milder grades, ii, 519. — pure, or of gonadal type, ii, 518. Eunuchoidism, and interstitial cells of testis, ii, 447. — as a major endocrin syndrome, ii, 938. — characteristics of, ii, 810. Eunuchoidism, differentiated from hy- pothyroidism, i, 422. — dispositional and mental character- istics of, ii, 457. — female, characteristics, ii, 628. rarity of, ii, 628. Eunuchoidismus, etiology of, acquired ii, 518. — congenital, ii, 517. — table of differential diagnosis of in- fantilisms in the male, eunuchismus in its different forms, and, ii, Eunuchoid state, experimental produc- tion of, in white Leghorn cockerels, ii, 506. Eunuchs, continuation of vita sexualis in, ii, 516. — description of, ii, 515. — differentiated from chondrodystro- phic dwarfs, ii, 850. — etiology of, ii, 514. — report of case, followed by trans- plantation of testicle, ii, 516, 517. — transplantation of testicles in, ii, 517. — types of, emaciated, ii, 515. -fat, ii, 515. Excitement, inducing suprarenal se- cretion, ii, 175. Excretion, action of epinephrin on, pharmacodynamic, i, 129. Excretion of alcohol, iii, 298. — of fat, iii, 210. — of iron, iii, 328. — of nitrogen in urine, iii, 405. — of phosphorus, iii, 326. Excretions, feces. See Feces. — mediums for, iii, 481. — paths for, iii, 481. — sweat, iii, 512. — urine. See Urine. Excretory channels, comparative im- portance of intestines and kidneys as, iii, 51. Excretory system, effect on, of under- nutrition or fasting, iv, 21. Exercise, in treatment of obesity, iv, 47. Exhaustion atrophies of the thyroid gland, i, 276, 278, 283. Exitus lethalis, in Addison's disease, ii, 294. Exner and Boese's experiments with pineal gland extirpation, ii, 23. Exogenous intestinal infections, bro- matherapy, iii, 706. 746 GENERAL INDEX Exophthalmic goiter, and hypothetical hyperthyroidism, i, 301. — and suprarenal disorders, and, i, 345. — as a major endocrin syndrome, ii, 935. — associated, with disorders in func- tion of hypophysis cerebri, i, 345. with disorders of the gonads, i, 344. — with osteomalacia, i, 353. — Basedow's symptoms, or "Merse- burg triad," i, 51. Caleb Hillier Parry's notation of phases of, i, 51. — blood condition in, i, 350. — blood pressure in, i, 328. — cerebral, chorea of ideas, i, 347. insanity, i, 347. insomnia, i, 346. — intellectual powers, i, 346. — mental condition, i, 346. — moral nature, i, 346. — clinical type of, abortive, i, 356. acute, i, 355. chronic, i, 355. complete, i, 356. hyperplastic atoxic, i, 357. hyperplastic toxic, i, 357. — incomplete, i, 356. — Kocher's classification, i, 355. — nonhyperplastic atoxic, i, 357. nonhyperplastic toxic, i, 357. — peracute, i, 355. Plummer and Wilson's classifica- tion, i, 357. — primary, i, 355. — rudimentary or larval, i, 356. — secondary, i, 355. — complications of, acromegaly, i, 345. — in endocrin glands, myxedema, i, 352. — in locomotor system, i, 353. — course and duration of, i, 362. -relapses, i, 362. — definition of, i, 304. — diagnosis of, atypical cases, i, 358. — Barker's syndrome, i, 358. — classical symptoms, i, 358. — distinguished from non-hyper- plastic goiter, i, 358. — exophthalmos and other ocular phenomena, i, 359. • goiter heart of, distinguished from that of simple goiter, i, 359. Pierre Marie on, i, 358. symptoms of, superimposed on an ordinary colloid struma, i, 359. thyrotoxicosis, i, 358. Exophthalmic goiter, diarrhea of, me- tabolism in, iv, 640. — differential diagnosis from acromeg- aly, i, 851. — from chlorosis, i, 361. from neurasthenia, i, 359. from pulmonary tuberculosis, i, 360. — dyspnea in, i, 333. — edema in, i, 330. — emaciation in, i, 337. — epinephrin, hypersensitiveness test (Qoetsch) for, i, 480. value in estimating degree of toxicity present in early cases, i, 482. — etiological and predisposing factors, age, i, 306. — climate, race and country, i, 305. -fright and mental anxiety, i, 307. — habits and occupation, i, 306. heredity, i, 306. — sex, i, 305. - fever in, i, 337. — glaucoma and, ii, 770. — history of, Basedow (1840), i, 51; (1884), i, 52. — Basedow's symptoms or Merse- burg triad, i, 51. — dysthyroidism, i, 52. first attributed to an excessive outpouring of thyroidal secretion by Mobius (1886), i, 52. — first localization of eye signs, i, 52. — first understanding of rapid ema- ciation attending, i, 52. -Flajani (1802), i, 52. -Graves, Robert (1835), i, 51, 52. -Mobius (1886), i, 52. Parry, Caleb Hillier (1786-1815), i, 51, 52. — recognition of tremor as symp- tom, by Charcot, i, 51. use of iodin in treatment of, i, 52. — incidence of, i, 304. — infections causing, general, i, 307. iodin and thyroid extract, i, 309. nasal disease, i, 308. pregnancy and lactation, i, 308. syphilis, i, 308. — tuberculosis, i, 308. — known as "Basedow's disease" or morbo di Flajani, also as Graves' disease, i, 51. - laryngeal paralysis in, i, 334. — loss of libido and potentia in, i, 335. GENEKAL INDEX 747 Exophthalmic goiter, lymphatic gland enlargement in, i, 352. — metabolism in, i, 484. basal, i, 336. emaciation, i, 337. fever, i, 337. mineral, i, 340. — mortality from, i, 364. causes of death^ i, 364. in surgical cases, i, 373. — motor, muscular atrophy, i, 350. muscular weakness, i, 349. tremor, i, 348. various, i, 350. — ocular symptoms in, ii, 788. — palpitation of the heart in, i, 325. — pathogenesis of, i, 309. affection of the cervical sympa- thetic ganglion, i, 312. as a general neurosis, 312. — central or medulla oblongata the- ory of, i, 312. changes in vegetative nervous system, i, 313. dysfunction of gland, i, 302, 311. hormone hypothesis of Janney, i, 311. hyperthyroid theory of, i, 299, 301, 302, 310. infectious theory, i, 309. kinetic theory of Crile, i, 313. neurogenic theory, i, 311. thyrogenic theory, i, 309. toxic theory, i, 309. — pituitary (posterior) therapy for, i, 113. — pregnancy, and, i, 335. • — prognosis of, i, 363. — relapses of, i, 362. — spleen enlargement in, i, 352. • — symptomatology of, i, 314. — synonyms for, i, 304. — tachycardia of, i, 358. — terminology of, i, 52. — thymus gland in, ii, 409. — thymus hyperplasia in, i, 342. — thymus therapy in, i, 143. — treatment of, i, 364. by iodin, history of, i, 52. by ligation of blood vessels, i, 41. general measures, combat particu- larly troublesome symptoms, i, 367. — diet, i, 366. — electricity, i, 366. exercise, i, 365. fresh air, i, 365. hydrotherapy, i, 366. medication, i, 366. Exophthalmic goiter, treatment of, gen- eral measures, organotherapy, i, 368. - rest, i, 365. — serum therapy, i, 369. — local measures, cold, application of, i, 370. — injections into gland, i, 372. — radium, i, 371. — surgical, i, 372. -X-rays, i, 371. — post-operative, i, 375. — surgical, anesthesia in, i, 374. — end results of, i, 376. — "exothyreopexy" of Ponset, i, 375. — history of, i, 372. — hypertrophy with return of symptoms following, i, 373. — indications for, i, 374. — local treatment of tonsils, nose and throat, i, 376. — mortality in, i, 373. — operations most in use, i, 374. — post-operative complications, i, 375. — post-operative treatment, i, 375. — resection of colon, i, 376. — sympathectomy, i, 375. — thymectomy, i, 376. — thyroid, i, 94. — urinary constituents in, i, 335. — urinary manifestations of, i, 335. Exothyreopexy of Poiicet, i, 375. Experimental fever in animals, metabo- lism in, iv, 150. Experimental hyperthyroidism, i, 235. Experimental thyroidism, Cunning- ham's observations on, i, 235. Extractives, of brain, iii, 471. — of muscles, iii, 460. — See Muscles, extractives of. Extremities, in acromegaly, i, 826. Exudative diathesis, in infancy and early childhood, metabolism in, iv, 809. Exudative diathesis of Adalbert Czerny, i, 55. Eye, action of epinephrin on, pharma- codynamic, i, 127. Eye, pituitary, ii, 782. • — skin affections of, ii, 797. blepharitis and red lids, ii, 797, 798. conjunctivitis, other forms of, ii, 799, 80. due to senility, ii, 798. 748 GENEKAL INDEX Eye, skin affections of, eosinophilia, ii, 797. — falling out of lashes and eye- brows, ii, 797. — lymphatic states, ii, 799. — organotherapy for, ii, 798. — phlyctenular keratisis and con- junctivitis, ii, 799. — styes, ii, 798. -thyroid, ii, 782. — vasoconstricting, i, 136. Eyebrows, in hypothyroidism, i, 408. Eye-strain, cycloplegics in, ii, 786. A Facial bones, in acromegaly, i, 822. Facial spasm, differentiated from tet- any, i, 677. Famine and crop failures, iii, 360. Famine edema, iv, 158. Fasting, body weight in, iv, 16. • percentage loss in weight of va- rious organs in starvation, table, iv, 18. — breaking fast, iv, 25. — carbohydrate metabolism in, iv, 10. — cause of death from, iv, 25. — chlorine balance in, table, iv, 15. — creatinin excretion in, iv, 14. — cure, iv, 26. • — effect of, on circulatory system, iv, 19. on digestive system, iv, 18. on excretory system, iv, 21. — on kidneys, iv, 21. — on mental balance and disposi- tion, iv, 22. on mental capacity, iv, 22. on muscular system, iv, 17. — on nervous system, iv, 21. on reproductive system, iv, 23. — on respiration, iv, 21. — fat metabolism in, iv, 10. — in therapeutics, iv, 26. — Allen method of starvation, in diabetes, iv, 26. — epilepsy, iv, 27. in gastro-intestinal disturbances, iv, 26. — obesity, iv, 27. metabolism during, iii, 309. protein, iii, 116, 117. — mineral metabolism in, iv, 15. — nitrogen excreted in urine in, iv, 13. — possible duration of, iv, 24. — protein metabolism in, iv, 12. — pulse rate in, iv, 20. — sulphur excretion in, iv, 14. — voluntary, iv, 4. Fasting, water balance in, iv, 6. — See also Starvation; Undernutri- tion. Fat, amount of, required in diet, iii, 393. — and nitrogen excretion, in calculous cirrhosis of pancreas, iv, 671. — in malignant tumors of the pan- creas, iv, 671. — in pancreatitis, acute, iv, 669. — chronic, iv, 670. — with pancreatic duct closed, iv, 669. — as source of glucose supply, iv, 272. — conversion into, of glucose, iii, 251. — of protein, iii, 73. — of starch, Yoit, iii, 73. — dystrophy, i, 896. • — excretion, iii, 210. — formation from carbohydrate, iii, 268. — von Liebig on, iii, 49. — heat value of, iii, 653. — in bile, iv, 649. — in body, action of epinephrin on, pharmacodynamic, i, 128. — inclusions, of gonads, male, ii, 426. — in diet of infants, iii, 320. — in food supply of diabetes, iv, 283. — ingestion, contents of feces follow- ing, iii, 64. — in the blood, alimentary lipemia, iii, 201. — lipoids, iii, 204. — in the feces, forms of, iv, 679. — in infantilism, iv, 820. in pancreatic disease. See Stools, in pancreatic disease. — in the tissues, changes in, iii, 206. — storing of, iii, 205. • — metabolism, absorption, in the intes- tines, iii, 194. — factors in, iii, 197. paths of, iii, 196. from the intestines, changes in fats during, iii, 196. emulsification, iii, 200. in stomach, iii, 190. in the intestines, iii, 193. emulsification, iii, 200. factors in, iii, 197. effect on, of alcohol, iii, 765. of anesthetics, general, chloro- form and ether, iii, 762. of cocain, iii, 777. of mercury, iii, 756. of opiates, iii, 766. GENEKAL INDEX 749 Fat, metabolism, effect on, of oxygen- lack, iv, 544. of phlorizin, iii, 759. of phosphorus, iii, 748. of saline cathartics, iii, 718. of thyroid gland substance, iii, 784. of uranium, iii, 758. excretion of fat, iii, 210. influence of internal secretion of testes on, ii,^463. in nephritis, analyses of Bloor, table, iv, 341. blood lipoids, iv, 341. cholesterol content of blood, iv, 342. lipemia, iv, 342. lipuria (chyluria), iv, 340. utilization of fat, iv, 340 in stomach, absorption, iii, 190. digestion, iii, 189. — intermediary, influence on, of car- bohydrates, iii, 271. in the blood, alimentary lipemia, iii, 201. lipoids of the blood, iii, 204. absorption of fat, iii, 194. changes in fats during, iii, 196. paths of, iii, 196. bile, iii, 198. digestion, iii, 193. emulsification in fat digestion and absorption, iii, 20.0 factors in fat digestion and absorption, iii, 197. Upases of intestinal tract and digestion, iii, 192. nature of food fat, iii, 199. pancreatic juice, iii, 192. pancreatic secretion, ii, 197. passage from the stomach, iii, 191. summary of, iii, 200. synthesis of fats during ab- sorption from, iii, 196. in the tissues, changes in fat, iii, 206. storing of fat, iii, 205. introduction to, iii, 183. in typhoid fever, iv, 109. in undernutrition, iv, 10. ^ later stages of, 0-oxidation, iii, 208. — — lipases of the intestinal tract and digestion, iii, 192. lipoids, compound, cephalins, iii, 187. Fat, intermediary, lipoids, compound, glycolipoids, iii, 187. — lecithins, iii, 186. — phospholipoids, iii, 185. — derived, fatty acids, iii, 187. — sterols, iii, 188. — simple, fats, iii, 184. — waxes, iii, 185. — liver in, iii, 207. — of rectal feeding, iii, 811. — passage from the stomach to in- testines, iii, 191. — synthesis of fat during absorp- tion from the intestines, iii, 196. — minimum, iii, 410. — "necrosis" of the pancreas, iv, 684. — toxic element in, iv, 688. — or fatty infiltration of liver, iii, 463. — thermal quotient for, iii, 556. — total, in blood lipoids, iii, 448. Fatigue, effects of, on suprarenals, ii, 120. Fats, and lipoids, in tetany, i, 637. — as simple lipoids, iii, 184. — in subcutaneous feeding, iii, 815. — intravenous feeding of, iii, 817. — presence of, in normal thyroid gland, i, 245. — respiratory quotient of, iii, 561. Fat-soluble vitamins, iii, 345. — sources of, iii, 346. Fatty acids, iii, 187. — and the liver, iv, 644. Fatty changes in hypophysis cerebri, i, hrt-rn lib. Fatty degeneration, in parathyroid glands, i, 565. Fatty infiltration, in progressive mus- cular dystrophy, iv, 726. Fatty stool, in pancreatic disease, iv, 664, 665. Fecal matter, fractional composition of, in pancreatic disease, iv, 679. Feces, amount of, normal, iii, 505. — a true secretion, iii, 504. — calcium in, iii, 316. — carbohydrate residues in, iii, 508. — color of, normal, iii, 506. — composition of, iii, 503. — ash, iii, 510. bacteria, iii, 504. — — carbohydrate residue, iii, 508. — ethereal extracts, iii, 508. — in pellagra, daily average, table, iii, 509. — nitrogenous substances, iii, 507. — nitrogen content, iii, 504. — consistency of, normal, iii, 506. V50 GEttEKAL INDEX Feces, contents of, following fat inges- tion, iii, 64. — ethereal extracts in, iii, 508. — fat in, in infantilism, iv, 820. — formation of, von Liebig, iii, 49. — muscle fiber in, in pancreatic dis- ease (creatorrhea), iv, 664, 665. — nitrogen content of, iii, 504. • — nitrogen in, in infantilism tables, iv, 818. — nitrogen in urine and, in infantil- ism, tables, iv, 817, 819. — nitrogenous substances in, iii, 507. — odor of, normal, iii, 506. — weight of, following meat ingestion, iii, 58. Feeding, artificial methods of, iii, 805. — duodenal, iii, 807. — gavage, iii, 806. — intravenous, iii, 817. - rectal, iii, 809. — subcutaneous, iii, 814. — duodenal. See Duodenal feeding. — intravenous. See Intravenous feed- ing. — rectal. See Rectal feeding. — subcutaneous. See Subcutaneous feeding. Female genital organs, disturbances of, pituitary (posterior), therapy for, i, 112. Ferments, effect on, of anesthetics, general, chloroform and ether, iii, 763. — of arsenic, iii, 755. — of cyanids, iii,' 747. Ferment theory of gout, iv, 442. Fetal adenoma of thyroid gland, i, 289. Fetal life, influence of ovary during, ii, 611. Fetal membranes and mammary growth and secretion, ii, 646. Fetus, and mammary activity, ii, 645. — and milk secretion, ii, 646. — in puerperal osteomalacia, iv, 757. Fever, effect on, of antipyretics, iii, 768. — in exophthalmic goiter, i, 337. — metabolism in, iv, 95. basal, and Van't Hoff's law, iv, 121. caused by parenteral injection of foreign proteins, iv, 144. cholera, iv, 147. erysipelas, iv, 138. — experimental fever in animals, iv, 150. infectious diseases, iv, 148. Fever, metabolism in, malarial fever, iv, 140. — observations on, iv, 149, 150. — pneumonia, lobar, iv, 124. rheumatic fever, acute, iv, 149. scarlet fever, iv, 148. — syphilis, iv, 148. — toxic and non-toxic, compared, iv, 149. — tuberculosis, iv, 131. * • — typhoid fever, iv, 96. -Van't Hoff's law, iv, 121. — salt, iii, 720. — theory of reduction of, by drugs, iii, 771. Fevers, disturbances of mineral me- tabolism in, iii, 336. Fibrillary twitchings, differentiated from tetany, i, 678. Fibrinogen, iii, 429. — as a hepatic internal secretion, ii, 682. Fibroids, uterine, mammary gland therapy in, i, 148. Fibroma, of the testicle, ii, 488. — of the thymus, ii, 388. Fibrosis, in parathyroid glands, i, 562. Filariasis, orchitis in, ii, 486. "Filth pharmacopeias," i, 48. "Fire air" of Scheele, iii, 17. Fisher's experiments on protein mini- mum and optimum, iii, 405. "Fixed air" (or carbonic acid gas), Black on, in history of metabolism, iii, 15. — Lavoisier, iii, 22. Fluids, intravenous injection of, as routine measure before and after sur- gical procedures, sodium bicarbonate, iii, 793. — for calcium and barium, iii, 800. — for dehydration of tissues, iii, 792. — gelatin solutions, iii, 791, 798. — for glucose solutions, iii, 795, 799. — for gum acacia or gum-saline so- lutions, iii, 798. — for magnesium sulphate, iii, 800. — for saline solutions, iii, 796. — for sodium bicarbonate, iii, 792, 793, 799. — in acidosis, of sodium bicarbo- nate, iii, 792. — in hemorrhage, iii, 790. blood, iii, 790. substitutes for blood, iii, 791. — in nephritis, of sodium bicarbo- nate, iii, 793. GENERAL INDEX T51 Fluids, intravenous injection of, intro- duction to, iii, 787. • • of sodium bicarbonate, as routine measure before and after surgical procedures, iii, 793. in acidosis, iii, 792. • in nephritis, iii, 793. reaction of urine in, iii, 793. in preparation of infusion solu- tions and technic of administration, iii, 801. • purposes of, iii, 789. — reactions due to, iii, 800. — solutions used for, iii, 796. — to assist in providing for the calorific requirements of the body, iii, 795. — glucose, iii, 795. to combat toxemia, iii, 794. — to increase buffer action of blood in acidosis, iii, 792. — as routine measure in surgical procedures, iii, 793. — in nephritis, iii, 793. reaction of urine in, iii, 793. • to increase volume of blood and tissue fluid, iii, 789. — of the body, bile. See Bile. blood, iii, 788. See also Blood. cellular, iii, 788. cerebrospinal, iii, 471. conditions depleting to store of, iii, 789. content of, iii, 787. intp'ro of, iii, 789. loss of, iii, 789. lymphatic, iii, 788 milk, iii, 476. role of, iii, 787. saliva, iii, 474. tissue, iii, 788. variety of adjustments to local conditions, iii, 787. Fluorin, distribution of, in animal tis- sue, i, 248. • — in thyroict gland, i, 244. Foa's experiments with pineal gland extirpation, ii, 23. Food, and civilization, iii, 359. — and progressive civilization, iii, 3. — calcium in, iii, 317. — constituents of, necessary for nutri- tion, iv, 239. — crop failures and famine, iii, 360. • — effect of, in tuberculosis, iv, 135. in typhoid fever, iv, 116. *— — on metabolism, iv, 33. Food, influence of, on basal metabolism of new-born infants, iii, 638. — on composition of urine, iii, 64. — on respiratory quotient ox" new- born infant, iii, 630. — in typhoid fever, specific dynamic action of, iv, 118. — object of, iii, 121. — potential energy of, energy of mus- cular' work definitely related to, iii, 586. — purin-containing, effect of, on out- put of uric acid, iv, 423. — required to bring typhoid patients into nitrogen equilibrium, iv, 116. -Voit's definition of, iii, 74. Food absorption, theory of an internal secretion of the pancreas controlling, iv, 675. Food consumption, influence of climate and season on, iii, 387. — of economic status, iii, 391. — of work, iii, 391. Food fat, nature of, in fat metabolism, iii, 199. Food habits, changes in, within recent times, iii, 395. Food minimum, typical, of Bidder and Schmidt, iii, 63. Food products, influence of, on blood pressure, iv, 406. Foods, acids, or acid-forming, pro- longed administration of, iii, 334. — distribution of vitamins in, iii, 346. — dynamic action of, in infants from two weeks to one year of age, iii, 643. — extract of meat, v. Liebig's, his de- fense of the use of, iii, 54, 55. — oxidation of, various, von Liebig, iii, 49. — oxygen requirement for combustion erf, von Liebig, iii, 50. — relative importance of, iii, 362. — cereals, iii, 365. — meat, iii, 363. — per capita consumption of, table of, iii, 364. — used in gavage, iii, 806. Food shortage, and bone metabolism, iv, 769. Foodstuffs, character of, oxidized in malarial fever, iv, 143. — classification of, Bischoff's and Voit's suggestions, iii, 71. — von Liebig, nitrogenous or plas- tic, iii, 50. 752 GENERAL INDEX Foodstuffs, classification of, von Lie- big, non-nitrogenous or respiratory, iii, 50. — combustion of, calculation of heat production from, iii, 549. — heat values of, cereal protein, iii, 552. — fat and carbohydrate, iii, 553. — lean meat, iii, 550. — oxidized in tuberculosis, character of, iv, 134. — relative value of, as a source of energy in muscular work, iii, 590. Food supply, in diabetes, dealing with, in terms of carbohydrate, protein and fat, iv, 283. — endogenous factors of, iv, 281. Foster, Sir Michael, on epoch-making character of Bernard's discovery, i, 60. Fragmentation, in process of blood de- struction and regeneration, iv, 555. Free acid and ammonia, determination of excretion of, iv, 83. Friedreich's group of muscular dystro- phies, ii, 907. Fright, and acromegaly, i, 809. • — as a factor in exophthalmic goiter, i, 307. Frohlich's syndrome, differentiated from hypothyroidism, i, 422. Fructose, iii, 239. — concentration of, in the blood, iv, 299. — in urine, iv, 298. • — conversion of glucose into mannose and, iii, 231. • — recognition of, iv, 296. Fructose tolerance, test for hepatic function, iv, 300. Fructosuria, occurrence of, iv, 297. • — significance of, iv, 299. • — treatment of, iv, 299. Furunculosis, associated with miscel- laneous causes, iv, 705. — in Graves' disease, i, 331. Fusion of the testes, ii, 474. Galactagogic action, endocrin glands without, ii, 648. Galactagogue, thymus gland as, ii, 648. Galactagogues, mammary gland ex- tracts as, ii, 647. Galactose, iii, 238. Galactosuria, occurrence of, iv, 301. — pathognomonic factors in, iv, 301. — recognition of, iv, 302. Galen, on food, iii, 5. Gallstones, composition and character of, iii, 466. Gangrene, in Graves' disease, i, 353. Gangrenes, associated with miscellane- ous causes, iv, 705. Gaseous exchange, in diseases of res- piration and circulation, iv, 545. — of children, up .to puberty, iii, 648. Gaseous metabolism, and testes, influ- ence of internal secretion of, ii, 463. — effect on, of hot baths, iii, 861. Gases, blood. See Blood gases. Gastric carcinoma, metabolism in, iv, 619. Gastric digestion, of carbohydrates, iii, 249. — influence on, of water, iii, 281. • — physiology of, iv, 608. Gastric diseases, metabolism in, iv, 607. atony, iv, 622. carcinoma, iv, 619. — dilatation, iv, 622. — gastric erosions, iv, 618. — gastric neuroses, iv, 622. — gastric ulcer, iv, 618. — gastritis, iv, 618. — gastroptosis, iv, 621. influence of variations in diet, iv, 609. influence of variations in secre- tory and motor functions, iv, 610. influence on, of vitamines, iv, 610. — intestinal disturbances secondary to, iv, 639. -lues, iv, 621. — motor disturbances, iv, 614. — hypermotility, iv, 615. — motor insufficiency, iv, 615. — vomiting, iv, 614. physiology of gastric digestion, iv, 608. — polyposis, iv, 621. — pylorospasm, iv, 618. • secretory disturbances, iv, 611. — hyperacidity, hyperchlorhydria, hypersecretion, iv, 611. • hyposecretion, hypochlorhydria, subacidity achlorhydria, achylia, iv, 612. Gastric disturbances of other diseases, metabolism in, iv, 623. Gastric erosions, metabolism in, iv, 618. Gastric lipase, iii, 189, 190. Gastric lues, metabolism in, iv, 621. Gastric neuroses, metabolism in, iv, 622. Gastric operations, metabolism in, iv, 623. GENEBAL INDEX 753 Gastric polyposis, metabolism in, iv, 621. Gastric secretion, disturbances of, of autonomic origin, i, 331. • — effect on, of alkaline-saline waters, iii, 848. • of alkaline waters, iii, 848. • of bitter waters, iii, 850. of saline waters, iii, 846. • — in Graves' disease, i, 331. Gastric tetany, i, 648. Gastric ulcer, metabolism in, iv, 618. Gastrin, early work with, ii, 737. — general conclusions and clinical ap- plication of, ii, 741. • — mode of action of, ii, 740. • — specific chemical nature of, ii, 740. Gastrin activity, specific formation or distribution of, ii, 737. • — specificity of, ii, 739. Gastritis, metabolism in, iv, 618. Gastro-intestinal auto-intoxication, as an etiological agent in visual dis- turbances, ii, 776. Gastro-intestinal canal, fundamental function of, iv, 607. — protein digestion in, iii, 101. • absorption, iii, 103. schematic illustration of, iii, 103. Gastro-intestinal diseases, tetany in, prognosis of, i, 671. Gastro-intestinal disturbances, differen- tiated from hypothyroidism, i, 424. • — fasting therapy in, iv, 26. — in tetany, i, 594, 612. Gastro-intestinal symptoms, in Addi- son's disease, ii, 290, 294. — of autonomic origin, appetite, i, 331. diarrhea, i, 332. • gastric secretion, i, 331. icterus, i, 333. • salivation, i, 331. steatorrhea, i, 332. teeth, i, 331. vomiting, i, 332. — of suprarenal insufficiency, ii, 112. Gastro-intestinal system, in hypothy- roidism, i, 390, 415. Gastro-intestinal tract, effect on, of anaphylaxis, iv, 202. Gastropathies, attributed to hypoadre- nia, ii, 324. Gastropathy, in Addison's disease, ii, 298. Gastroptosis, metabolism in, iv, 621. Gavage, definition of, iii, 806. — foods used in, iii, 806. — indications for, iii, 806. Gavage, metabolism in, iii, 806. — method of performing, iii, 806. — number of feedings performed in, iii, 807. Gay-Lussac (1778-1850), gas constitu- ents of blood determined by, iii, 33. Gelatin, as a substitute for blood in intravenous infusion during hemor- rhage, iii, 791. Gelatine solutions for intravenous in- fusion, iii, 791, 798. Generative organs, influence of inter- nal secretion of testes upon, when established, accessory glandular struc- tures, occurrence and function of, ii, 456. relation of testes to the prostate, ii, 454. relation of testes to seminal vesi- cles, ii, 456. significance of interstitial cells, ii, 454. — influence of testicular hormone upon development of, ii, 449. — differentiated stages, ii, 449. — secondary, ii, 453. heterologous transplants, ii, 453. observations on the free-martin, ii, 450. undifferentiated stages, primary and secondary, ii, 449. Genital disorders, in Addison's disease, ii, 296. Genital hypoplasia, in dystrophia adi- posogenitalis, i, 878. Genital organs, evolution of, as factors characterizing sex, ii, 432. — response of, to epinephrin, ii, 240. — female, disturbances of function of, pituitary (posterior) therapy for, i, 112. Genital origin of obesity, iv, 39. — metabolism in, iv, 46. Genital syndrome, in dystrophia adi- posogenitalis, i, 893. Genital system, in acromegaly, i, 839.^ Genital tract, absence of part of, ii, 474. Genitals, in hypothyroidism, i, 392, 416. Genito-urinary organs, isolated, effect of prostate extracts on, ii, 530. Genito-urinary symptoms, of hypothy- roidism, i, 392, 415. Genito-urinary tract, vasoconstricting action of epinephrin on, i, 136. Genito-vesicular reflex, and the testes, ii, 459. 754 GE1STEEAL INDEX Giant growth, localized, hemihypertro- phy, ii, 837. "Giant infants," ii, 833. Gifford's sign, i, 323. Gigantism, and acromegaly, metabo- lism in, ii, 836. — and congenital syphilis, ii, 815. — and eunuchoidism, ii, 810. — and leontiasis ossea, ii, 821. — as a major endocrin syndrome, ii, 935. — associated with other abnormalities, ii, 835. — classification of, ii, 808. — definition of, ii, 807. — distinguishing characteristics of, ii, 807. — epochs in evolution of study of, ii, 808. — heredity in, ii, 834. — history of, i, 55, 56. — in childhood, ii, 831. acromegalic type of, ii, 832. — associated with adrenal tumors, ii, 831. — with sexual glands, ii, 832. — and hypophysis, ii, 832. — with the pineal gland, ii, 832. "giant infants," ii, 833. — unclassifiable cases of, ii, 832. — influence of the gonads on growth, ii, 809. — localized giant growth, hemihyper- trophy, ii, 837. — metabolism in, ii, 835. compared with acromegaly, ii, 836. — with acromegaly, ii, 816. and infantilism, ii, 827. examples of, ii, 817. — with infantilism, ii, 809. and acromegaly, ii, 827. distribution of growth disturb- ance, ii, 810. — examples of, ii, 811-815. Gland deficiencies, methods of creating, i, 40. by extirpations, i, 40. by infarction, i, 41. by interstitial injury, i, 41. by ligation of blood vessels, i, 41. by specific cytolysis, i, 41. clinical studies on, i, 42. — primary, i, 42. Gland extirpations, i, 40. — complicating factor in, small masses of aberrant tissue at some distance from main gland, i, 40. Gland extirpations, method of, i, 40. — pituitary, i, 40. — thyroid, i, 40. Gland extracts, administration of, by direct application to tissues, i, 36. by intrapulmonary injections, i, 35. by intravenous injection, i, 28. by mouth, i, 33. by nerve stimulation, i, 38. — by organ grafting, i, 36. — by parenteral injections, i, 35. by rectum, i, 34. maternal, i, 38. — boiling of, i, 30. — given apparently specific reaction obtained from extracts of several different glands, i, 30. — heterogeneous mixture of many sub- stances in, i, 29. — cholin, i, 29. histamin, i, 29. nucleo-proteins, i, 29. — immunity developed, i, 31. — quantitative aspects of administra- tion of, i, 31. — substances contained in, likely to in- duce intravenous coagulation, i, 30. — toxic material due to process of dis- integration of harmless protein sub- stances, i, 29. anaphylactic shock as factor in, i, 29. boiling as means of eliminating, i, 30. — tryptic enzymes of blood in for- mation of, i, 29. — unboiled, substances contained in, likely to induce intravenous coagula- tion, i, 30. — variation in abnormal products of, even in same gland, i, 32. Gland feeding, effect of, on structure of thyroid epithelium, i, 220. Glanders, orchitis in, ii, 486. Glands, response of, to epinephrin, ii, 243. Glandular inadequacy theory of Addi- son's disease, ii, 283. Glandular preparations, action of, phar- maco-dynamic, i, 81. substitutionally, as first believed, i, 81. Glandular theory of Addison's disease, ii, 283. Glandular therapy, in Addison's dis- ease, ii, 304. GENERAL INDEX 755 Glandular treatment of acromegaly i, 851. Glaucoma, and exophthalmic goiter, ii, 770. — cause of, iv, 158. — clinical and therapeutic implications, ii, 772. — considered from the endocrinolog- ical viewpoint, ii, 773. — etiology of, ii, 770. — occurrence of, ii, 771. — pathology of, ii, 771. — symptomatology of, ii, 771. — theories of, ii, 770. Glistening eye and epiphora, i, 323. Globulin, iii, 428. Globulins, iii, 83. Glucolysis, and carbohydrate tolerance, iii, 256. — endocrine and nerve control of, ad- renals, iii, 257. pancreas, iii, 258. pituitary, iii, 261. sympathetic nervous system, iii, 257. -thyroid, iii, 260. Glycogen, as "secretion interne" of liver, i, 59. — formation and discharge of, by liver, ii, 674. arising from fat molecule, ii, 675. — • — arising from proteins, ii, 675. other organs than liver concerned in, ii, 675. — in hypophysis cerebri, i, 777. Glycogenic function of liver, i, 58, 59. Glycogenic secretion in animals, i, 58. Glycogenic substance of liver, obtaining of, in form of dry powder, which could be converted into dextrose by fermentation, Claude Bernard (1955), i, 59. Glucose, administration of, in intrave- nous feeding, iii, 818. — aldehydic properties of, iii, 217, 218. — amount of, in blood, normally, 716, 717. in pathological conditions, tables, iv, 717. under general activity, iv, 718. — as blood sugar, iii, 250. absorption of, iii, 250. behavior of, in blood, iii, 253. concentration of, iii, 250. conversion of, into fat, iii, 251. kidney threshold for sugar, iii, 253. Glucose, as blood sugar, oxidation of, iii, 251. — compounds of, iii, 215. —^concentration of, in blood, iv, 716, i 18. — organs controlling, iv, 718. — conversion of, into fructose and man- nose, iii, 231. — delayed utilization, in progressive muscular dystrophy, iv, 725. — excretion of, in fastings, iv, 266. - total, iv, 265. — formulae for, iii, 214, 215, 217, 218. — glycuronio acid derived from, iv, 305. — impaired utilization of, in diabetes, iv, 275. . — in muscle tissue, iii, 460. — in muscular atrophy, secondary to chronic arthritis, iv, 722. — in progressive muscular dystrophy, table, iv, 721. — isolation of, iii, 232. — isomerism of, iii, 221. — osteomalacia induced by injection of, iv, 768. — oxidation of, iii, 217, 227, 228. — reactions of sugars with substituted hydrazines, iii, 232. — reduction of, iii, 215. — specific rotation of sugars, iii, 225. — supply and excretion of, iv, 268. deductions on, iv, 273. — • — influence of, on muscle power, iv, 715. — • — sources of, carbohydrates, iv, 270. — protein, iv, 271. -fat, iv, 272. — transformation into, of lactic acid, iii, 108. — underconsumption of, in diabetes, cause of, iv, 273. Glucose curve, iv, 265. — in diabetic glycosuria, iv, 268. Glucose metabolism, iv, 306. — disturbances of glycosuria, iv, 306. — hyperglycemia, iv, 306. Glucose solutions, for intravenous infu- sion, iii, 795, 599. Glucosides, constituents of, iii, 236. — definition of, iii, 235. — formula of, iii, 235. — hydrolysis of, iii, 236. — methyl, iii, 237. — preparation of, iii, 236. — table of, iii, 236. Glucosuria, iii, 253. — renal, iii, 253. 756 GENEKAL INDEX Glucuronic acid, of connective tissue, iii, 467. Glutamic acid, iii, 87, 110. Glutelins, iii, 83. Glycocoll, iii, 84, 107. — in gout, iv, 440. Glycogen, in muscle tissue, iii, 460, — in the liver, iii, 463. — storing of, by liver,' iii, 251. Glycogenesis, and carbohydrate toler- ance, iii, 255. — endocrine and nerve control of, ad- renals, iii, 257. pancreas, iii, 258. pituitary, iii, 261. — sympathetic nervous system, iii, 257. -thyroid, iii, 260. Glycogenolysis, endocrine and nerve control of, adrenals, iii, 257. — pancreas, iii, 258. — pituitary, iii, 261. — sympathetic nervous system, iii, 257. -thyroid, iii, 260. — hormone factors in, i, 176. Glycolipoids, iii, 187. Glycosuria, iii, 444. — and hypophyseal operations, i, 734. — and increased epinephrin output, ii, 157. — as disturbed glucose metabolism, iv, 306. • — asphyxial, iii, 740. — caused by ligation of pancreatic veins, i, 12. — definition of, iv, 264. — diabetic, iv, 267, 268. — mechanism of, iv, 268. — following pancreatectomy, observa- tions on, ii, 713-718. — glucose curve, iv, 265. — in acromegaly, i, 837. • — in Graves' disease, alimentary, i, 338. transitory spontaneous, i, 339. — in pregnancy, iv, 857. — mechanism of, iv, 268. diabetic, iv, 268. — normal and abnormal, iv, 264, 266. • — pancreatic, discovery of, i, 63. — puncture, i, 175. — relation of suprarenals to, i, 168. — salt, iii, 722. — suprarenal, action of epinephrin on, pharmacodynamic, i, 127. — temporary, production of, i, 59. Glycosuric acid, in urine of alkapto- nurics, iv, 503. Glycuronic acid, Cammidge reaction, iv, 305. — derived from glucose, iv, 305. Goetsch test for hyperthyroidism, i, 172. See also Epinephrin hyper- sensitiveness test. Goiter, Basedowized, i, 355. — cause of, infection as, i, 285. — colloid, epinephrin hypersensitive- ness test (Goetsch) for, i, 480. — congenital, i, 381. — consistency of, i, 317. — discussion of term, i, 381. — endemic, distinguished from endemic cretinism, i, 381. — history of, in antiquity, i, 49, 50. — epidemics of, instances of, i, 446, 447. — military, i, 447. question of, i, 446. — infectious theory of, i, 285. — intrathoracic, i, 318. — meaning of term, i, 381. — occurrence of, more frequent in en- demic cretinic degeneration than in sporadic hypothyroidism, i, 403. — organic theory of, i, 453. — shape of, i, 3}7. size of, i, 316. vascular phenomena of, i, 317. — pathogenesis of, i, 458. — pressure symptoms of, i, 318. — removal of, from animals, Eleonet, 1866 (from colt), i, 225. -Eapp, Y. (from dogs), i, 225. — Raynard (from dogs), i, 224. — simple, blood pressure in, i, 328. distinguished from exophthalmic, i, 358. thymus therapy in, i, 143. — symptomatology of, i, 465. — tetany following operation for, i, 651. — thyroid treatment of, i, 93. dosage, i, 94. — treatment and prevention of, by iodin, iii, 725. Goiter heart, i, 301. — autonomic origin of, i, 326. — in cretinic degeneration, i, 467. — mechanical, i, 326. — of exophthalmic goiter differentiated from that of simple goiter, i, 359. — thyrotoxic, i, 326. -torpid, i, 326. Goiters, appearances of, gross, i, 280. microscopic, i, 281. — associated with several clinical com- plexes, i, 280. GENEKAL INDEX 75? Goiters, cause of, i, 280. — definition of, i, 279. — designation for in older literature, i, 280. — produced experimentally, i, 280. spontaneously, i, 280. — toxic nonhyperplastic, i, 301. — uncomplicated types of, i, 280. Gonadal activity, effects of hypophysis feeding on, i, 739. of anterior lobe, i, 741. Gonadal endocrin functions, disturbed, clinical manifestations of, i, 177. Gonadal function (female), after pu- berty (rhythmic), chronological rela- tions of menstruation and ovulation and comparison of menstrual and oestrous cycle, ii, 588. disturbances of, associated with menstrual aberrations, ii, 593. ovarian hyperf unction, ii, 593. — producing uterine hemor- rhages, ii, 597. producing amenorrhea (ova- rian hypof unction), primary ovarian involvement, ii, 594. secondary ovari an im- pairment, ii, 595. menstruation and the endome- trical cycle, ii, 583. ovulation, associated ovarian his- tological events, ii, 576. changes in entire reproduction tube provoked by changes in ovary, ii, 579. conditions in the mammalia in general, ii, 578. oestrous cycle preceding, suc- cession of events in, ii, 579. oestrus, precursor of ovulation in the mammalia, ii, 579. time of, in man, ii, 586. — before puberty, prepubertal ovary and its role in determining the sec- ondary sex characters, ii, 573. Gonadal tissue of opposite sex, effect of, on animals carrying, ii, 458. Gonads, and autonomic system, clinical manifestations of disturbed gonadal endocrin functions, i, 177. nervous manifestations following castration, i, 177. — and pubertas precox, ii, 350. — and suprarenal glands, ii, 349. — chart of, ii, 955. ^ — disorders in function of, associated with thyroid disorders, i, 344. Gonads, disorders in function of, in exophthalmic goiter, i, 344. — anatomy of, comparative, ii, 546. — of corpora lutea of the ovary, ii, 544. — of intersitial cells of the ovary, ii, 537. — artificial production of corpora lu- tea, ii, 565. — of deciduomata, ii, 565. castration, early and late, effects of, ii, 552. — chemistry of corpus luteum, of the ovary, ii, 560. — of the ovary, ii, 557. — clinical syndromes referable to disturbances of ovarian secretion, ii, 615. — comparative anatomy of, of cor- pora lutea, ii, 546. — in avians, ii, 546. — in mammals, ii, 547. comparative distribution of inter- stitial cells of the ovary, ii, 539. embryology and development of, interstitial cells of the ovary, ii, 538. — extirpation of corpus luteum of ovary, ii, 563. — function of corpus luteum of the ovary, ii, 567. — histology of corpora lutea of the ovary, ii, 547. — cell inclusions, ii, 547. — cytology, ii, 547. — secretory phenomena, ii, 547. — interstitial gland of the ovary, ii, 568. — mammary glands in their endo- crin relationships, ii, 639. — mechanism of formation of cor- pora lutea, ii, 546. — ovarian influence, ii, 611. — ovary. See Ovary. — physiological action of extracts, of corpus luteum, ii, 560. — ovarian, ii, 557. — placenta as an endocrin organ, ii, 653. — puberty, precocious, ii, 630. relation between ovary and mam- mary gland, influence of corpus lu- teum on its growth, ii, 567. relation between the internal se- cretions and the female reproductive functions, general considerations in regard to, ii, 571. retrogressive changes in ovary, ii, 546. 75S GENEKAL INDEX Gonads, anatomy of, source of corpora lutea, ii, 545. structure of corpus luteum of the ovary, ii, 558. of interstitial cells of the ovary, ii, 540. the menopause, ii, 618. — transplantation of ovaries, ii, 554. — influence of, on growtfy, ii, 809. — on stature, i, 26. — in senescence, i, 24. — in tetany, i, 629. — male, anatomy of, ii, 423. — comparative, ii, 424. — embryology of, ii, 423. — histology of, arrangement of cells, ii, 425. — centrosomes, ii, 425. chromidial substance, ii, 427. crystalloid inclusions, ii, 427. fat inclusions, ii, 426. mitochondria, ii, 425. — nuclei, ii, 425. — pigment, ii, 426. — reticular apparatus, ii, 426. — specific secretory substances, ii, 427. — pathological anatomy and histol- ogy of testicles, ii, 473. — anomalies of development, her- maphroditism, ii, 473. pseudohermaphroditism, ii, 473. • — anomalies of formation, ab- sence of part of genital tract, ii, 474. — fusion of the testes, ii, 474. — multiplicity of the testes, ii, 474. — anomalies of growth, atrophy, ii, 475. — hypertrophy, ii, 475. — anomalies of migration, cryp- torchidism, ii, 476. — aberrant migration, ii, 477. extra-abdominal, ii, 477. — intra-abdominal, ii, 477. arrested migration, ii, 476. intermittent migration, ii, 477. anomalies of position, ii, 478. degenerative changes, amyloid, ii, 481. ectopic testes, ii, 480, gangrene, ii, 481. gout, ii, 481. — infraction, ii, 481. infectious diseases, ii, 481. irradiation, ii, 481. Gonads, male, pathological anatomy and histology of testicles, degenera- tive changes, pigmentation, ii, 481. — pressure, ii, 481. secondary to changes in other glands, ii, 480. — senility, ii, 480. toxic, ii, 481. inflammation, ii, 482. — orchitis, acute, by the effer- ent duct, gonorrheal, ii, 482. — non-gonorrheal, ii, 483. — hematogenous, influenza, ii, 484. — Malta fever, ii, 485. meningitis, ii, 485. mumps, ii, 559. — pneumonia, ii, 484. — pyemia, ii, 485. — pyocyarieus, ii, 485. rheumatic fever, ii, 485. scarlatina, ii, 484. — typhoid fever, ii, 484. — variola, ii, 484. — vaccinia, ii, 485. — orchitis, chronic, echinococ- cus cysts, ii, 486. — filariasis, ii, 486. — glanders, ii, 486. — leprosy, ii, 486. — malarial orchitis, ii, 486. — — mycoses, ii, 486. — syphilis, ii, 485. tuberculosis, ii, 485. — traumatism, contusions, ii, 482. — wounds, ii, 482. — tumors, of adult tissues, his- toid, ii, 487. — common, ii, 487. -fibroma, ii, 488. sarcoma, ii, 488. peculiar to testicle, ii, 488. of the interstitial cells, ii, 488. — of the rete (Wolffian epithelium), ii, 488. — seminoma, ii, 487. organoid, ii, 488. tumors of, heterotopic, intra- testicular embryoma, ii, 488. lymphosarcoma, ii, 489. metastatic tumors, ii, 489. — testis. See Testis. — overfunction of, chart of, ii, 955. — pituitary gland and, ii, 348. — relationship of, with hypophysis, ii, 928. GENERAL INDEX 759 Gonads, relationship of, with thymus, ii, 930. with thyroid, ii, 923. — sex specific action of internal secre- tion of sexual glands, ii, 556. — underfunction of, chart of, ii, 955. — vascularization of, and sex differen- tiation associated, ii, 449. Gonococcal infections of ovaries, ii, 603. Gonorrheal orchitis, ii, 482. Gout, action in, of phenylcinchoninic acid (atophan, cinchophan), iv, 438. — acute, treatment of, iv, 444. — chronic treatment of, iv, 445. — deposition of sodium monourate in, iv, 439. — diet in, iv, 442. — in acute form, iv, 444. — in chronic form, iv, 445. — gastric disturbances in, and metab- olism, iv, 623. — glycocoll in, iv, 440. — metabolism in, and purin bodies, iv, 412. — general, iv, 440. — introduction to, iv, 411. — nature of, iv, 411. — relation of, to obesity, iv, 36. — theories of, combined uric acid the- ory, iv, 442, — ferment, iv, 442. — renal, iv, 441. — tissue retention, iv, 442. — treatment of, alkaline, iii, 739. — treatment of, atophan therapy, iv, 448. — baths, iv, 454. — by colchicum, iv, 453. — by morphin, iv, 453. — by radium, iii, 885. by salicylates, iv, 454. — diet, iv, 442. in acute form, iv, 444. in chronic form, iv, 445. table of foods with their per- centage of purin-nitrogen and uric acid precursors from estimations by Walker Hall, iv, 455. exercise, iv, 454. radium emanations, iv, 454. Spas and Springs, iv, 455. — and purin bodies, iv, 412. in, iii, 438; iv, 411. in blood, iv, 428. in joint exudates, iv, 434. in tissues, iv, 435. — urine in, iv, 436. Gowers' group of muscular dystrophies ii, 908. Grafe's apparatus for measuring respi- ratory exchange, iii, 519. Grafting, of hypophysis cerebri, i, 865. Graves' disease, and anemia, i, 250. — associated with diabetes mellitus, i. 339. — with disorders in function of hy- pophysis cerebri, i, 345. — blood condition in, i, 350. — blood pressure in, i, 327. -Bryson's sign in, i, 334. — changes in sympathetic ganglia in, i, 173. — chlorosis in, i, 353. — coexisting with Addison's disease, i, 345. — complications of, acromegaly, i, o45. - — in locomotor system, i, 353. — dermatopathies erythema in, i, 331. — dysthyroidism as cause of, Janney's theory, i, 302. — eczema in, i, 331. — edema in, i, 331. • — furunculosis in, i, 331. — gangrene in, i, 353. — gastric secretion in, i, 331. — :glycosuria in, alimentary, i, 338. — transitory spontaneous, i, 339. — heart symptoms in, i, 325, 326. — hyperglycemia in, i, 339. — hyperthyroid theory of, justification for, i, 299, 302. — metabolism in, carbohydrate, alimen- tary glycosuria, i, 338. — associated diabetes mellitus, i, 339. — hyperglycemia, i, 339. — transitory spontaneous glyco- suria, i, 339. -fat, i, 340. -protein, i, 338. — motor symptoms in, muscular at- rophy, i, 350. — muscular weakness, i, 349. — tremor, i, 348. various, i, 350. — parathyroid disorders in, i, 344. — pernicious anemia in, i, 353. — pruritus in, i, 331. — pulse rate in diagnosis of, i, 324. — scleroderma in, i, 330. — struma of, i, 317. — suprarenal disorders in, i, 345. — sympathetic and parasympathetic hy perirritability in, i, 172. 760 GENERAL INDEX Graves' disease, tachycardia as a con- stant sign of, i, 324. — tetany in, idiopathic, i, 354. — postoperative, i, 354. — thymus hyperplasia in, i, 342. — urticaria in, i, 331. -Vigoroux's sign, i, 329. — with hypothyroidism, i, 302. — See also Exophthalmic goiter. Growth and development, hormone fac- tors in, i, 181. — hypophysis cerebri, i, 188. in amphibia, i, 189. — in lower forms, i, 189. — in mammals, i, 191. introduction, i, 188. — mechanism of operation of hypophyseal factors, i, 192. — sexual, i, 194. interrelation of hypophysis and thyroid, i, 194. — iodin, i, 187. — sex glands, i, 195. — thymus gland, i, 200. -thyroid, i, 182. — in amphibia, i, 184. in mammals, i, 183. — and vitamines, iv, 242. — changes in, due to deficient calcium in diet, iv, 246. — definite laws followed by, iv, 240. — disturbances of, iv, 241. and vitamines, iv, 242. — due to lack of sufficient food, iv, 242. — faulty diets, iv, 242. • in infantile giant, distribution of, ii, 810. — effects of hypophysis feeding on, i, 739. — of anterior lobe, i, 741. of tethelin, 743. — effects of under-nutrition, iv, 247. — Aron's experiments, iv, 247. other observations on, iv, 248. — embryonic, and energy metabolism, iii, 616. — energy metabolism and, differences between growth and maintenance, iii, 615. — embryonic growth, iii, 616. — experimental observations of effects on, of deficient diets, iv, 243. — ideal in nutrition during period of, iv, 242. — impulse, menstrual, ii, 643. pubertal, ii, 642. Growth and development, influence on, of hormone organs, ii, 858. — of internal secretion of testes, bone growth, ii, 461. — metabolism and, ii, 460. — of the gonads, ii, 809. — interference with, by deficient pro- tein in diet, iv, 246. — mechanism of, iv, 241. — metabolism of, effect on, of alcohol, iii, 765. — of antipyretics, iii, 769. — of calcium, iii, 732. — of epinephrin, iii, 782. — of purins, iii, 780. of thyroid gland substance, iii, 784. — normal, essentials of, ii, 857. — placenta as a factor in, ii, 659. — relationship of suprarenals to, ii, 124, 273. — requirements of, iv, 239. — food constituents, iv, 239. Guanase, distribution of, iii, 156. Guanidin and methylguanidin, as toxic agents in intoxication theory of para- thyroid tetany, i, 544. Guanidin bases, effect on, of purins, iii, 780. Guanine, iii, 137, 138. Guanin, formula for, iv, 414. — in muscle tissue, iii, 461. Guanylic acid, iii, 141, 142. Gum acacia or gum-saline solutions for intravenous infusion, iii, 798. — reactions in, iii, 800. Habits, as a factor in exophthalmic goiter, i, 306. Habituation, action of emnephrin on, pharmacodynamic, i, 130. Hair, endocrine influence on, i, 26. — in hypothyroidism, i, 407. — in tetany, i, 614. — relation of pigment to, ii, 763. Halban, Joseph, theory of, that inter- nal secretion of placenta may cause hyperplasia of breasts and uterus (1905), i, 68. Haldane's apparatus for measuring re- spiratory exchange, iii, 520. Hales, Stephen (1677-1761), on respir- ation and blood, in history of me- tabolism, iii, 11. Halogens in thyroid gland, biochemis- try of, its bearing on their presence in gland, i, 246. — bromin, i, 244, 247. GENERAL INDEX 761 Halogens in thyroid gland, chlorin, i, 243, 247. — fluorin, i, 244, 247, 248. — iodin, i, 244, 246, 247. and internal secretion, evidence connecting, i, 259. content of, in normal gland, i, 248. forms of combination of, i, 252. percentage of, i, 246, 247. relationship between content of, in gland, and its activity, i, 262. Hanriot and Richet's apparatus for measuring respiratory exchange, iii, 543. Hay fever, epinephrin applications in, i, 135. Headache, pituitary, pituitary (whole) therapy in, i, 122. Headache, vagotonic, ii, 784. Hearing, in cretinic degeneration, i, 462. — in hypothyroidism, i, 412. Heart, disturbances of action of, in tet- any, i, 594, 611. Heart, effect of epinephrin on, ii, 222. — effect of suprarenal extract on, ii, 189. Heart, effect on, of anaphylaxis, iv, 202. — hypertrophied, distinguished from nervous affections, i, 325. — failure, edema of, composition of blood in, iv, 172. hydrothorax in, iy, 157. skin and subcutaneous tissues in, iv, 156. treatment of, iv, 189. — lesions, infantilism due to, dystro- phic, ii, 872. — symptoms of, of autonomic origin, i, 325. Heat, animal. See Calorimetry. — of combustion. See Calorimetry. . — lost from body, manner of, iii, 593. — regulation, disturbances of, in tet- any, i, 613. -i- surface area of, law of, iii, 594. criticism of, iii, 597. measurement of, iii, 595. relation of, to body weight, iii, 598. — equivalent of CCX variation in (At- water and Benedict), iii, 559. — production, actual, iii, 554. — as affected by external tempera- ture, in cold-blooded animals, Van't Hoff's law, iii, 601. Heat, production, as affected by exter- nal temperature, cooling power of air currents at different velocities, iii 604. — in warm-blooded animals, iii, 602. in undernutrition, iv, 8. — of dogs by direct and indirect calorimetry, iii, 584. — effect on, of cocain, iii, 777. of cold baths, Ignatowski, iii, oO i * - Lusk, iii, 858. - Matthes, iii, 857. -Rubner, iii, 858. — of human subjects, by direct and indirect calorimetry, iii, 585. — increase of, by indigestion of food, iii, 604. — in incubation period of hens' eggs, iii, 617. of infants, per square meter of body surface, iii, 646. — methods of calculating from re- spiratory exchange, iii, 548. — alimentary calorimetry, iii, 554. — combustion of carbon and hy- drogen, iii, 548. — combustion of organic food- stuffs, iii, 549. — non-protein respiratory quo- tient, iii, 566. — respiratory quotient and its significance, iii, 559. — thermal quotients of 02 and CQ2, iii, 555. - — and from urinary nitrogen, iii, 563. — method of successive ther- mal quotients, iii, 563. — method of Zuntz and Schumberg, iii, 565. — radiation, relation of, to surface of animal body, table, iii, 610. — regulation in anaphylaxic, iv, 213. — value of one gram of different substances in large calories, iii, 571. Heberden, William, satirical pamphlet of, "Antitheriaka," against polyphar- macy, i, 48. Height, importance of, in hypothyroid- ism, i, 430. Helminthiasis, tetany in (worm tetany), i, 649. Hemangiomas, multiple, in dyspituitar- ism, i, 881. 762 GENERAL INDEX Hematopoietic system, symptoms in, as- sociated with typhoid disease, the blood, hemoglobin and red cells, i, 350. — hemorrhages, i, 352. leukocytes, i, 351. lymphatic glands, i, 352. spleen, i, 352. — thymus, i, 352. viscosity, i, 352. Hemeralopia, ii, 765. Hemianopsia, later, in hypophyseal dis- ease, ii, 791. Hemihypertrophy, differentiated from acromegaly, ii, 851. Hemiplegia, in thyroid disease, i, 353. Hemitetany, i, 594. Hemmende, i, 5. Hemoglobin, antecedents as hepatic in- ternal secretion, ii, 479. — breaking down of, iv, 558. — rate of, methods of determining, iv, 561. — building up of, iv, 559. — diet factors in, iv, 559. — liver cell activity in, iv, 559. Hemoglobin, character and function of, iii, 429. — content of blood in normal and path- ological subjects, iii, 430. — estimation of, iii, 429, 431. — in males and females during differ- ent age periods, table of, iii, 430. Hemoglobin pigment metabolism, breaking down of hemoglobin, regu- latory function of liver in bile-pig- ment metabolism, iv, 558. — building up of hemoglobin, liver cell activity and diet factors, iv, 559. — methods of determining rate of hemoglobin destruction, iv, 561. — regulatory influence of spleen in blood formation and destruction, iv, 562. Hemolytic anemia, iron metabolism in, iv, 588. — nitrogen partition in, iv, 584. — purin metabolism in, iv, 580. Hemolytic process, in blood destruction and regeneration, iv, 555. Hemophilia, thyroid therapy in, i, 105. — typical hereditary, disturbances in mineral metabolism in, iii, 336. — indications for blood transfusion in, iii, 830. Hemorrhage in thyroid disease, i, 352. — into the parathyroids, clinical tetany, i, 568. Hemorrhage in thyroid disease, not associated with tetany, i, 568. — secondary to degenerative proc- esses, i, 569. — intravenous injection of fluids for, iii, 790. — metabolism in, iron, iv, 586. — ocular, ii, 775. 8ee also Ocular hemorrhage. — of hypophysis cerebri, i, 772. — of ovaries, ii, 606. — of suprarenals, ii, 262. See also Suprarenal hemorrhage. — of the thymus, diffuse hematoma, ii, 382. — hemorrhagic cysts, ii, 382. punctate hemorrhages, ii, 382. — of the thyroid gland, i, 293. — pulmonary, of autonomic origin, i, 334. — vascoconstrictor action of epi- nephrin in, i, 137. — system, in thyroid disease, i, 353. — uterine. See Uterine hemorrhage. — vasoconstricting action of epinephrin on, accessible, i, 135, 136. when from alimentary canal, i, 136. from genito-urinary tract, i, 136. when from mouth and upper air passages, i, 135. — when inaccessible, i, 137, 138. — when from the kidney, i, 138. — when internal, i, 138. — when intestinal, i, 237. — when pulmonary, i, 137. — when renal, i, 137. Hemorrhoids, vasoconstricting action of epinephrin on, i, 136. Heparin, as hepatic internal secretion, ii, 681. Hepatic disease, infantilism in, ii, 877. — leucin in urine in, iv, 476. — tyrosin in urine in, iv, 476. Hepatic function, fructose tolerance test, iv, 300. Hepatic internal secretion, antithrom- bin as, ii, 680. — blood serum proteins as, origin of blood serum proteins, ii, 678. — carbohydrate as, ii, 674. — evidence of, from administration of hepatic substance and derivatives, cod liver oil, ii, 685. — liver extracts, ii, 686. liver substance, ii, 674. — fibrinogen as, ii, 682. GENERAL INDEX 763 Hepatic internal secretion, formation and discharge of glycogen, ii, 674. — hemoglobin antecedents as, bile and hemoglobin formation, ii, 677. — heparin and pro-antithrombin as, ii, 681. — pro-antithrombin and heparin as, ii, 681. — substances involved in anaphylaxis as, anaphylaxis and antithrombin, ii, •679. — urea as, ii, 683. Hepatic external secretion, ii, 674. Hepatic toxemia, metabolism in, table, iv, 853.- Heptose, in diabetic urine, iv, 304. Heptosuria, iv, 304. Hereditary optic nerve atrophy, ii, 792. Heredity, as factor, in cretinic degener- ation, i, 447. in diabetes insipidus, iv, 864. in exophthalmic goiter, i, 306. in hypothyroidism, i, 383. in obesity, iv, 34. — endocrinopathic, illustrative chart of, ii, 884. — in acromegaly, i, 807. — influence on, of individual glands of internal secretion, ii, 759. — in gigantism, ii, 834. — predisposing to dystrophia adiposo- genitalis, i, 903. — race and, in relation to ophthalmol- ogy and endocrinology, ii, 755. — sex and, in relation to ophthalmology and endocrinology, ii, 756. Hermaphroditism, ii, 473, 604. — false. See Pseudohermaphroditism. Heterochromia, ii, 765. Heterochromia iridis, ii, 764. Heterografting, i, 36. Heubner, pineal teratoma revealed by, 1898, i, 67. Hexoses, iii, 237. Hibernation, effect of, on hypophyseal cells, i, 715. Hippocrates, on food, iii, 4. Hippuric acid, of urine, iii, 498. Hirschsprung's disease, metabolism in, iv, 636. Hirsutism, as a major endocrin syn- drome, ii, 939. Hirsutismus, associated with insanity, ii, 357. ovarian tumor, ii, 357. suprarenal tumor, ii, 357. — chief causative factor, ii, 358. — definition of, ii, 356. Hirsutismus, differentiated from hy- pertrichosis, ii, 358. — disturbances of endocrine glands other than suprarenals and gonads in, ii, 359. — manifestations of, in common with virilismus, ii, 358. — variations in, ii, 359. — milder cases of, ii, 356. Histamin, i, 29. — action of, iii, 687. — and secretin, ii, 745. — as toxic agent in intoxication theory of parathyroid tetany, i, 544. — formation of, iii, 686. — pharmacology of, i, 749, 750. Histidin, iii, 91, 114, 686. Histones, iii, 83. Hoffmann's phenomenon in tetany, i, 609. Homogentisic acid, formation of, a pathological process, iv, 510. — in urine of alkaptonurics, iv, 503. — amount excreted, iv, 511. — formula for, iv, 504. — synthesis of, Baumann and Fran- kel, iv, 504. — Osborne, iv, 505. - Neubauer and Falta, iv, 506. — transformation of tyrosin to, iv, 507. Homosexualism, and latent acromegaly, i, 69. Hopkins and Willcock's experiments, on nitrogen balance and incomplete proteins, iii, 125, 126. Hoppe-Seyler's apparatus for measur- ing respiratory exchange, iii, 522. Hormonal ferment therapy, i, 82. Hormonal immunotherapy, i, 82. Hormonal therapy through augmenta- tion of function, i, 82. Hormone, control, of bodily functions, i, 161. — evolution of, i, 20. — deficiencies, and ocular affections, ii, 790. — definition of, i, 4. — factors, in glycogenolysis, i, 176. -in growth and development, intro- duction, i, 181. relation of hypophysis cerebri to, i, 188. in amphibia, i, 189. in lower forms, i, 189. — in mammals, i, 191. — in sexual development, i, 194. 764 GENERAL INDEX Hormone factors, in growth and devel- opment, relation of hypophysis cere- bri to, interrelation of hypophysis and thyroid, i, 194. — mechanism of operation of hypophyseal factors, i, 192. — relation of iodin to, i, 187. — relation of thyroid to, i, 182. in amphibia, i, 184. — in mammals, i, 183. — iodin, i, 187. — hypothesis of exophthalmic goiter, Janney's, i, 311. — influences, methods of mediation of, i, 15. — secretion, excessive, clinical studies of, i, 39. — terminology of, i, 4. Hormones as autocoids, i, 4. — attempts to determine indirectly the presence of, in blood, i, 12. — augmentation of, by direct applica- tion to tissues, i, 36. — by intrapulmonary injections, i, 35. — by intravenous injections, i, 28. — by mouth, i, 33. by organ grafting, i, 36. — by parenteral injections, i, 35. by rectal administration, i, 34. clinical studies of excessive hor- mone secretion, i, 39. — boiling of, without loss of potency, i, 8, 30. — classification of, as autocoids, i, 4. as erregende and hemmende, i, 5. as hypertensive and hypotensive, i, 5. — depression of, i, 40. — by gland extirpations, i, 40. by infarction, i, 41. by interstitial injury, i, 41. by ligation of blood vessels, i, 41. — by specific cyfolysis, i, 41. clinical studies on, i, 42. — primary, i, 42. Hormonic equilibrium, and thermody- namic equilibrium, i, 76. Hormonotherapy, definition of, as dif- ferentiated from organotherapy, i, 82. — hypophyseal, i, 114. in alimentary canal disturbances, i, 116. in bladder disturbances, i, 117. in bronchial asthma, i, 117. in cardiac diseases, i, 114. in disorders of circulation, i, 114. in renal disease, i, 116. Hormonotherapy, hypophyseal, in sep- tic conditions, i, 115. in shock, i, 116. — in splenomegaly, i, 118. — in affections of the skin, thyroid, i, 104. — in asthma, thyroid, i, 102. — in blood dyscrasias, thyroid, i, 105. — in bone diseases (rickets), thyroid, i, 99. — in bronchial asthma, hypophyseal, i, 117. — in cardiac disease, hypophyseal, i, 114. — in constipation, thyroid, i, 102. — in deafness, thyroid, i, 102. — in dementia praecox, thyroid, i, 101. — in disorders of circulation, hypoph- yseal, i, 114. — in enuresis, thyroid, i, 102. -in epilepsy, thyroid, i, 101. — in infectious diseases, thyroid, i, 103. — in mental diseases, thyroid, i, 100. — in nephritis, thyroid, i, 104. — in renal disease, hypophyseal, i, 116. — in rheumatism (articular and mus- cular), thyroid, i, 99. — in rickets, thyroid, i, 99. — in septic conditions, hypophyseal, i, 115. -in shock, hypophyseal, i, 116. - in splenomegaly, hypophyseal, i, 118. — in syphilis thyroid, i, 103. — in tetany thyroid, i, 100. — of the suprarenals, antispastic ac- tion, i, 138. in bronchial asthma, i, 138. in diarrhea, i, 140. in stenosis of esophagus, i, 140. in vomiting, i, 139. empiric, in bone diseases, i, 140. epinephrin and the arsenical antisyphilitic preparations, i, 140. undesirable results and contra- dictions, i, 141. pharmacodynamic action of epi- nephrin, i, 124. See also Epinephrin. — symptomatic, i, 134. vasoconstricting action, i, 134. vasoconstricting action, i, 134. in alimentary canal, i, 136. in inaccessible hemorrhage, i, 137. — in mouth and upper air pas- sages, i, 135. — in the eye, i, 136. GENERAL INDEX 765 Hormonotherapy of the suprarenals, vasoconstricting action, in the gen- ito-urinary tract, i, 136. in skin affections, i, 138. local, i, 135. remote (or systemic), i, 137. — pharmacodynamic, i, 82. — reciprocal, i, 82. — substitutional, i, 82. — thyroid, i, 98. treatment, in affections of the skin, i, 104. in asthma, i, 102. in blood dyscrasias, i, 105. in constipation, i, 102. in deafness, i, 102. in dementia prsecox, i, 101. in diseases of bones (rickets), i, 99. — in enuresis, i, 102. — in epilepsy, i, 101. — in infectious diseases, i, 103. in mental diseases, i, 100. — in nephritis, i, 104. in rheumatism (articular and muscular), i, 99. — in syphilis, i, 103. in tetany, i, 100. — types of, hormonal ferment therapy, i, 82. — hormonal immunotherapy, i, 82. — hormonal therapy through aug- mentation of function, i, 82. — pharmacodynamic, i, 82. — reciprocal, i, 82. — substitutional, i, 82. — vicarious, i, 82. Horrax experiments with pineal gland extirpation, ii, 24. Hot baths, effects of, on metabolism, iii, 860, 861. — on oxygen consumption, iii, 860, 861. on pulse and blood pressure, iii, 862. on respiratory quotient, iii, 861. on temperature of the body, iii, 860, 861. - sand, iii, 863. Hourglass stomach, metabolism in, iv, 618. Humidity. See Temperature of Air, and Humidity. Hunt, Reid, aceto-nitrile test of, for" hyperthyroidism, i, 496. Hyaline degeneration, of hypothysis cerebri, i, 776. Hydrazin, effect of, on metabolism, iii, 773. Hydrazones, iii, 235. - melting point of, iii, 235. — substituted, reactions of sugars with, iii, 232. Hydrogen, and carbon, calculation of heat production from combustion of, iii, 548. — discovery of, iii, 15. Hydrogen ion concentration of blood plasma and other extracellular fluids, iv, 54. Hydrophilic action of colloids, iv, 186. Hydrophobia, differentiated from tet- any, i, 676. Hydrostatic pressure, in lymph produc- tion and edema, iv, 181. Hydrothorax, of edema, iv, 157. Hydrotelluric theory of cretinic degen- eration, i, 452. Hydrotherapy, and regulation of tem- perature of body, iii, 855. — baths and sweat secretion, iii, 867. — cold baths, effects of, iii, 856. — extra energy, iii, 858. — fever reduction, iii, 857. — on heat production, Ignatowski, iii, 857. -Lusk, iii, 858. - Matthes, iii, 857. - Rubner, iii, 858. — redistribution of blood, iii, 859. — refreshing, iii, 860. — with friction, iii, 863. — cold douches, iii, 863. — effervescent baths, iii, 866. — foundation of, in functions and ac- tivity of skin, iii, 855. — historical, iii, 855. — hot baths, effects of, on metabolism, iii, 860, 861. — on oxygen consumption, iii, 860, 861. — on pulse and blood pressure, iii, 862. — on respiratory quotient, iii, 861. on temperature of body, iii, 860, 861. — with sand, iii, 863. — influence of mechanical and chemi- cal stimulation accompanying baths, iii, 862. — in treatment, of exophthalmic goi- ter, i, 366. of tetany, i, 692. — mustard baths, iii, 863. 766 GENERAL INDEX Hydrotherapy, peat and mud baths, iii, 867. — radio-active baths, iii, 867. — salt baths, effects of, iii, 863. — on blood pressure, iii, 865. on metabolism, iii, 863, 864. /3-hydroxyglutamic acid, iii, 88, 110. Hygiene, effect of, on structure of thyroid epithelium, i, 221. Hyperacidity, metabolism in, iv, 611. Hyperchlorhydria, metabolism in, iv, 611. Hyperemia, of hypophysis cerebri, i, 772. Hypergenitalism, as a major endocrin syndrome, ii, 939. Hyperglycemia, iii, 253. — and increased epinephrin output, ii, 157. — as disturbed glucose metabolism, iv. 306. — conditions causing, iii, 444. — in Graves' disease, i, 339. — of diabetes, iii, 444. — test, carbohydrate tolerance in hypo- thyroidism, i, 492. — experimental and clinical, i, 491. — clinical value of, i, 494. — function of internal secretion of thyroid acting as basis for, i, 476. — in hyperthyroidism, blood sugar in, i, 492. — method of procedure, i, 493. relation of thyroid to carbohy- drate metabolism, i, 491. results in number of normal sub- jects, i, 494. summary of, i, 494. Hyperhidrosis, in tetany, i, 611. Hyperirritability, parasympathetic. See Yagotonia. — sympathetic. See Sympathicotonia. Hypermotility, metabolism in, iv, 615. Hyperparathyroid psychosis, i, 701. Hyperpituitarism, and hypopituitarism, overlapping of symptoms, or "dys- pituitarism," i, 66. Hyerplasias, of hypophysis cerebri, i, 794. — of parathyroid glands, by chronic renal disease, i, 702. — of the thyroid gland, classification of, i, 273. - primary, developmental stage, i, 274. exhaustion atrophy, i. 276. involuntary stage, i, 275. Hyperplasias of the thyroid gland, clas- sification of, secondary, developmen- tal stage, i, 277. — exhaustion atrophy, i, 278. — involutionary or recovery stage, i, 278. — definition of, i, 273. — regeneration, i, 278. — of thymus gland, in acute infections, ii, 383. — in status thymico-lymphaticus, ii, 405. Hyperpneas, pathological, occurrence of tetany in, i, 659. Hypersensitiveness, epinephrin, in tetany, i, 610. — pilocarpin, in tetany, i, 611. Hypertension, climacteric, ovarian therapy in, i, 158. Hyperthyroid theory of exophthalmic goiter, i, 299, 301, 302, 310. Hyperthyroidism, blood sugar in, i, 492. — differential diagnosis of, epinephrin hypersensitiveness test (Goetsch), of value in, i, 172, 475, 477, 481, 482. — experimental, i, 235. — hypothyroidism, overlapping of symptoms, of "dysthyroidism," i, 66. Hyperthyroidism, gastric disturbances in, and metabolism, iv, 623. — metabolism in, carbohydrate, i, 491. — blood sugar, i, 492. — tolerance in, i, 492. — experimental and clinical cases of, i, 491. — See Hyperglycemia test for. — decreased, i, 476, 484, 488. — increased, basis for metabolic rate test, i, 476, 484. observations of different au- thorities on, i, 484. Hyperthyroidisfn, ocular symptoms due to, ii, 789. — pancreatic disorders, i, 346. — synonomy of, i, 303. — tests for, acetonitrile test of Reid Hunt, i, 496. Claude, Baudouin and Porak's, i, 497. — epinephrin hypersensitiveness test (Goetsch) for hyperthyroidism, i, 172, 475, 477, 481, 482. — epinephrin mydriasis test of Loewi, i, 498. — hyperglycemia, i, 491. i - — See also Hyperglycemia test. GENEKAL INDEX 767 Hyperthyroidism, tests for, Marinesco- Eoseo, complement deviation test for i, 497. metabolic rate test. See Metabolic rate test. specific ferment test of Abder- halden, i, 495. therapeutic test with iodin and thyroid extract, i, 498. — See also Exophthalmic goiter. Hypertrichosis, differentiated from hirsutismus, ii, 358. — in relation to ovary, ii, 627. Hypertrophied heart, due to prolonged thyroid intoxication, i, 325. — palpitation in, i, 325. Hypertrophies and hyperplasias of the thyroid gland, i, 272. — scheme showing physiological and sequential relation of these changes, i, 273. Hypertrophy, compensatory, of supra- renal tissue, ii, 103. — of pineal glands, ii, 36. — of suprarenals. See Suprarenals, hypertrophy of. — of the testicle, ii, 475. Hypnotics, effect of, on metabolism, of amylen hydrate, iii, 764. chloral, iii, 763. paraldehyde, iii, 764. sulphonal, iii, 764. urethan, iii, 764. Hypoadrenia, acute, ii, 315. anatomical changes in glands in, ii, 316. classification of types of, Laven- son's, ii, 318. hemorrhage into gland substance in, ii, 316. inflammatory changes in (so- called suprarenalitis) with softening and necrosis, ii, 316, 318. onset of, ii, 316. suppurative processes in gland substance in, ii, 317. suprarenal therapy for, i, 132. symptom-complex of, ii, 316. symptoms associated with, ii, 316. — and epinephrin content, ii, 321. — clinical syndrome of, first step in recognition of, associated with obser- vation of clinical phenomena follow- ing suprarenal extirpation, ii, 314. — difficulties of diagnosis of, ii, 313, 324. — forms of, acute, ii, 315. ^chronic, ii, 316. Hypoadrenia; forms of, functional, ii, 316. -progressive, or Addison's disease, ii, 316. — subacute, ii, 316. — terminal ii, 316. -functional, ii, 316. — associated with infectious condi- tions, ii, 325. — definition and terminology of, ii, 322. — etiology of, Ii, 322. — gastropathies attributed to, ii, 324. — neurasthenia attributed to, ii, 323. — symptomatology of, ii, 322. — war neuroses attributed to, ii, 323. — introduction to, ii, 313. — occurrence of, among soldiers, during war, ii, 321. — during course of various infec- tious diseases, ii, 319. — following influenza, ii, 321. — following vaccinations, ii, 321. — suprarenal therapy for, i, 134. — symptom-complex of various forms of, ii, 316. — of acute, ii, 316. — terminal, ii, 316, 319. — terminology of, ii, 313. — therapy for, ii, 325. — types of, ii, 315. Hypochlorhydria, metabolism in, iv, 612. Hypocholesterinemia, in progressive muscular dystrophy, iv, 724. — delayed glucose utilization, iv, 725. -fatty infiltration, iv, 726. Hypochylia pancreatica, metabolism in, iv, 674. Hypoepinephrinemia, ii, 290. Hypogenital obesity, ovarian therapy in, i, 157. Hypogenitalism, amenorrhea due to. See Amenorrhea. — as a major endocrin syndrome, ii, 938. — oligomenorrhea due to. See Oligo- menorrhea. — primary and secondary, ii, 616. Hypoglycemia, conditions causing, iii, 444. Hypoglycemia, in progressive muscu- lar dystrophy, 720. — with alkalosis, iv, 724. — in suprarenal insufficiency, ii, 109. 768 GENERAL INDEX Hypophyseal disease, ocular disturb- ances in, amaurotic family idiocy, ii, 792. — bitemporal limitation, later hemi- anopsia, ii, 791. Hypophyseal dwarfism, ii, 845. — cases of, ii, 846. Hypophyseal extracts, active principles of, of anterior lobe, i, 742. See also Tethelin. — of posterior lobe, i, 749. — of anterior lobe, active principle of, isolation and properties (tethelin), i, 742. — clinical uses of, i, 744. - effects of, i, 740, 741. — effect of, on growth, i, 743. — on metabolism, i, 745. — pharmacodynamic, i, 745. — of posterior lobe, active principles of, i, 749. — pharmacology of, active principle of anterior lobe. See Tethelin. — introduction to, i, 737. — See also Hypophysis, pharmacol- ogy of. — assaying of, i, 752. — pharmacodynamic effects of, i, 755. — on circulation, i, 756. on intestine, i, 755. — on kidneys, i, 760. — on metabolism, i, 762. on respiration, i, 762. — on secretions and lactation, i, 764. — on uterus, i, 756. Hypophyseal feminism, i, 880. Hypophyseal infantilism, ii, 809, 863. Hypophyseal obesity, iv, 37. — metabolism in, iv, 44. Hypophyseal substance, in treatment of dystrophia adiposogenitalis, i, 912. Hypophysin, pharmacology of, i, 751. — and sex glands, gigantism in child- hood associated with, ii, 832. Hypophysis, cerebri, accessory, i, 709. — actinomycosis of, i, 787. active principle of, anterior lobe, i, 742. See also Tethelin. — adenoma of, i, 796. age, its influence on, i, 770. — amyloid degeneration of, i, 776. anatomical location of, i, 768. — anatomy of, i, 705. — blood supply, i, 707. — comparative, i, 711. gross morphology of, i, 705. Hypophysis, cerebri, anatomy of, inner- vation, i, 708. -lobes, i, 707. — lymphatics, i, 708. — relations, i, 706. — and autonomic system, i, 174. — and glycosuria, i, 734. — and thyroid gland, associated changes in, i, 780. — animal parasites in, i, 802. — anterior lobe feeding, i, 729. See also Hypophyseal Extracts. — anterior lobe of, "active princi- ple" of, i, 742. See also Tethelin. — pharmacology of, i, 740. — aplasia of, i, 790. as a stimulant to lactation, ii, 647. - atrophy of, i, 790. — blood supply of, i, 707. — calcification of, i, 776. — carcinoma of, i, 797. — cell types of, i, 713. — changes in, associated with changes in thyroid gland, i, 780. due to infectious diseases, i, 779. — incident to age, i, 770. — chart of, ii, 950. chemical composition of, i, 737. circulatory disturbances of, edema of, i, 772. — embolism and infarction, i, 773. — hemorrhage, i, 772. — hyperemia, i, 772. — thrombosis, i, 773. — colloid of, i, 777. — its occurrence, nature and function, i, 716. — comparative anatomy of, i, 711. cysts of, i, 802. cytology of, colloid, its occur- rence, nature and function, i, 716. — effects of various conditions on cells of, castration, i, 715. — endocrin gland extirpation and administration, i, 715. hibernation, i, 715. — pregnancy, i, 715. — of pars anterior propria, i, 714. of pars intermedia, i, 716. — of pars nervosa, i, 718. degenerations of, amyloid, i, 776. colloid, i, 777. — fatty changes, i, 776. — glycogen, presence of, i, 777. — hyaline, i, 776. — myxomatous, i, 777. GENERAL INDEX 769 Hypophysis, cerebri, degenerative changes in, due to infectious diseases, i, 779. diseases of, animal parasites, i, 802. aplasia, i, 790. atrophy, i, 790. changes associated with changes of thyroid gland, i, 780. circulatory disturbances, i, 772. cysts, i, 802. degenerations, i, 776. due to infectious diseases, i, 779. hypoplasia, i, 790. incident to age, i, 770. inflammation, i, 782. actinomycosis, i, 787. — pyogenic, i, 782. syphilis, i, 784. tuberculosis, i, 786. introduction to, i, 767. malformations, i, 768. mechanical injury, i, 769. miscellaneous, i, 788. necrosis and calcification, i, 775. pigmentation in, i, 777. tumors, i, 791. — neoplasms, i, 796. disorders in function of, in ex- ophthalmic goiter, i, 345. embryology of, early endocrin function, i, 711. growth and development of va- rious parts, i, 710. lobus anterior, i, 708. lobus posterior, i, 710. endocrin function of, early, i, 711. endothelioma of, i, 800. essential to life, i, 723, 724. extirpation of, complete, fatal to life, i, 723, 724. results of, Aschner (1909), i, 723 - Gushing (1909), i, 723. Horsley (1886), i, 721. Marie and Marinesco(1892), 721. Paulesco (1906), partial and complete, i, 722. routes for, i, 724. stalk separation, i, 724. "factor of safety of," i, 768. fatty changes in, i, 776. feeding experiments with, and acromegaly, i, 724. Hypophysis, cerebri, feeding experi- ments with, anterior lobe (Goettsch), i, i2u. — Cerletti and Franchini, i, 725. — constitutional symptoms not due entirely to the extract, i, 725. -Franchini (rabbits), i, 725." - Goettsch (whole gland), i, 728. Landri (rats), i, 725. Lewis and Miller (1912), i, i .26. -Malcolm (dogs), i, 725. — Oswald (dogs), i, 725. -posterior lobe (Goettsch), i, 730. Schaefer's (rats), i, 726. -Thompson and Johnson (dogs), i, 725. — unsatisfactory results of early efforts, i, 725. -whole gland (Goettsch), i, 26. — with parts of gland separately, i, 725. • — See also Hypophyseal Extracts, . and Hypophyseal Feeding. functions of different parts of, i, 188. — glycogen in, i, 777. — grafting of, i, 865. — gross morphology of, i, 705. growth and development of vari- ous parts, i, 710. -hemorrhage of, i, 772. histology of, i, 713. cell types, i, 713. ' cytology, i, 714, 716. pars anterior propria, i, 713. — cytology of, 714. — pars intermedia, i, 716. — pars nervosa, i, 718. — hormonotherapy of, in alimentary canal disturbances, i, 116. — in bladder disturbances, i, 117. — in bronchial asthma, i, 117. -in cardiac disorders, i, 114. in circulatory disorders, i, 114. in renal disease, i, 116. — in septic conditions, i, 115. in shock, i, 116. — embolism of, i, 773. — effect on, of castration, ii, 929. edema of, i, 772. — in Graves' disease, i, 345. in splenomegaly, i, 118. hyaline degeneration of, i, 776. — hyperemia of, i, 772. — hyperplasias of, i, 794. hypoplasia of, i, 790. 770 GENEEAL INDEX Hypophysis, cerebri, infantilism asso- ciated with disorders of, ii, 929. — infarction of, i, 773. inflammations of, actinomycosis, i, 787. pyogenic infections, i, 782. syphilis, i, 784. tuberculosis, i, 786. influence on, of castration, i, 795. — of pregnancy, i, 795. — innervation of, i, 708. — interrelation of and thyroid, i, 194. — in tetany, i, 627. — lesions of, polyuria associated with, i, 731. -lobes of, i, 707. lobus anterior, i, 708. accessory hypophysis, i, 709. — structures from, cranial por- tion of Rathke's pouch (pars anterior propria, pars intermedia, and pars tuberalis), i, 709. pharyngeal portion of Rathke's pouch (hypophysis pharyn- gei), i, 710. — the intermediate portion of Rathke's pouch (canalis cranio- pharyngeus), i, 709. lobus posterior, i, 710. — lymphatics of, i, 708. — malformations of, i, 768. accessory hypophyses, i, 769. acquired, i, 769. congenital displacements, i, 769. mechanical injury to, due to in- tracranial pressure, i, 770. • trauma, i, 769. • miscellaneous lesions of, i, 788. — myxomatous changes in, i, 777. — necrosis of, i, 775. — neoplasms of, i, 796. organotherapeutic powers of, i, 111. — , — in acromegaly, i, 112. in diabetes insipidus, i, 112. in disturbances in the func- tions of female genital organs, i, 112. — in exophthalmic goiter, i, 113. overfunction of, chart of, ii, 950. pars anterior propria, cell types of, i, 713. — cytology of, i, 714. — histology of, i, 713. pars intermedia, i, 716. cytology of, i, 716. pharmacology of, i, 747. Hypophysis, cerebri, pars nervosa, i, 718. pars tuberalis of, pharmacology of, i, 746. — pathological anatomy and histol- ogy of, animal parasites, i, 802. aplasia, hypoplasia and atro- phy, i, 790. — changes, associated with changes in thyroid gland, i, 780. due to infectious diseases, i, 779. incident to age, i, 770. circulatory disturbances, i, 772. — cysts, i, 802. — degenerations of, i, 776. inflammation, i, 782. — introduction to, i, 767. — malformations, i, 768. — mechanical injury, i, 769. — miscellaneous lesions, i, 788. necrosis and calcification, i, 775. — pigmentation, i, 777. — tumors, i, 791. — neoplasms, i, 796. — pharmacology of, i, 739. — of anterior lobe, i, 740. — "active principle" of, i, 742. - feeding of, i, 744, 745. isolation and properties, i, 742. — effects of feeding, i, 739, 740. — of pars intermedia, i, 747. of pars tuberalis, i, 746. — of posterior lobe, i, 749. — active principles of, isola- tion and properties, i, 749. adrenin, i, 750. histamin, i, 749, 750. hypophysin, i, 751. assaying extracts of, i, 752. pharmacodynamic effects of extracts of, i, 755. physiology and experimental pathology of, extirpation of gland, partial and complete, results of, i, 721. feeding experiments, anterior lobe, i, 729. — general, 724. — posterior lobe, 730. -whole gland, 728. — polyuria associated with le- sions of. i, 731. — relation between acromegaly and hypophysis, i, 721. pigmentation in, i, 777. GENERAL INDEX Hypophysis, cerebri, polyuria asso- ciated with lesions of, i, 731. posterior lobe of, active principles of, isolation and properties, i, 749. adrenin, i, 750. histamin, i, 749, 750. — hypophysin, i, 751. pharmacology of, i, 749. posterior lobe extracts, assaying of, i, 752. • pharmacodynamic effects of, i, 755. See Hypophysis feeding, ef- fects of. • posterior lobe feeding, i, 729. 1 pyogenic infections of, i, 782. relation between acromegaly and, i, 721. • relations of, i, 706. • to growth and development, i, 188. • in amphibia, i, 189. in lower forms, i, 189. in mammals, i, 191. — interrelation of hypophysis and thyroid, i, 194. introduction, i, 188. — mechanism of operation of hypophyseal factors, i, 192. — sexual, i, 194. with gonads, ii, 928. — with thyroid, ii, 927. — sarcoma of, i, 798. — shape of, i, 705. sizes of, average, i, 768. — influences on, 768. struma pituitaria of, i, 795. syphilis of, i, 784. • teratomas of, i, 801. • terminology of, i, 705. thrombosis of, i, 773. — trauma of, i, 769. tuberculosis of, i, 786. tumors of, adenoma, i, 796. arising from "rests" of the cranio-pharyngeal duct, i, 799. carcinoma, i, 797. endothelioma, i, 800. general discussion of, i, 791. hyperplasias, i, 794. malignancy in, i, 794. metastatic, i, 801. neoplasms, i, 796. • of the pars intermedia, i, 801. -rare, i, 801. • relative frequency of different types of, i, 792. • sarcoma, i, 798. Hypophysis, cerebri, tumors of, struma pituitaria, i, 795. - tables of, i, 793, 794. — teratoma, i, 801. - terminology of, i, 792. — with associated obesity, i, 906. — underfunction of, chart of, ii, — weight of, i, 705. — recorded average, i, 767. — influences on, i, 768. — derivation of, i, 705. • — effects of, on blood pressure, in whole gland extracts, i, 740. — on growth and sexual develop- ment, i, 739. — on metabolism, i, 739. of posterior lobe, on circula- tion, i, 756. — on intestine, i, 755. — on kidneys, i, 760. — on metabolism, i, 762. — pharmacodynamic, i, 755. — on respiration, i, 762. on secretions and lactation, i, 764. — on uterus, i, 756. — of whole gland administration in man, i, 740. — See Hypophyseal Extracts; also Hypophysis Cerebri, feeding experi- ments. — influence on stature of, i, 25. — in senescence, i, 24. — pharyngea, i, 880. • — relation between disturbances of bone metabolism and, iv, 767. — relationship of, with thyroid, ii, 921. Hypopinealism, "macrogenitosomia pre- cox" from, i, 67. Hypopituitarism, and hyperpituitarism, overlapping of symptoms, or dyspi- tuitarism," i, 66. — congenital, infantile, i, 904. — predisposing factors, i, 904. primordial, i, 904. — in adolescents, ii, 349. Hypoplasia, congenital, of reproductive system, ii, 594. — genital, in dystrophia adiposogeni- talis, i, 878. — of hypophysis cerebri, i, 790. — of suprarenals. See' Suprarenals, hypoplasia of. — of thyroid, dystopic, i, 387. — of the thymus, ii, 381. — uterine. See Uterine hypoplasia. 772 GENEKAL INDEX Hypoplasticus, differentiated from hy- pothyroidism, i, 422. Hyposecretion, metabolism in, iv, 612. — of stomach, metabolism in, iv, 611. Hyposthenuria, iv, 335. Hypothyroidism, associated with other endocrinopathies, i, 419. — carbohydrate tolerance in, i, 492. — cretinic degeneration. See Cretinic degeneration. • — diagnosis of, i, 419. — blood examination, i, 420. — blood glucose curve, i, 432. — importance of fact that every or any tissue or organ of body may suf- fer from decreased or absent thyroid hormone, i, 420. — laboratory tests, i, 420. — differential diagnosis of, from adi- positas dolorosa, i, 425. — from other endocrin dystrophies, i, 422. — chondrodystrophy, i, 423. — congenital idiocy, i, 424. — eunuchoidism, i, 422. — Frohlich's syndrome, i, 422. — mongolism, i, 423. — rickets, i, 423. — in adults, i, 424. — adopositas dolorosa, i, 425. from psychoses, i, 424. — nephritis with edema, i, 424. — neurasthenia, i, 425. — obesities, i, 425. — rheumatism, chronic, i, 424. — in children, i, 421. — from status lymphaticus or hy- poplasticus, i, 422. • — epinephrin hypersensitiveness test (Goettsch) in cases of, i, 481. — familial, i, 434. • — hyperthy roidism, overlapping of symptoms of dysthyroidism, i, 66. — illustrative cases of, in adult, ca- chexia strumipriva, i, 439. — masked hypothyroidism, i, 437. — in children, familial, i, 434. — female, age 2 years, i, 434. — female, age 6 years, i, 426. male, age 5 years, i, 435. - male, age 12, i, 433. — masked, illustrative case of, i 437. — metabolic rate test for. See Meta- bolic rate test. — ocular symptoms due to, ii, 789. — pathology of, i, 386. • — prognosis of, i, 425. — senility, i, 418. Hypothyroidism, sporadic, lesions in other endocrin glands, i, 392. — parathyroid, i, 393. — -pituitary, i, 393. -thymus, i, 394. athyreosis, sympomatology of, i, 397. — definition of, i, 380. — 'distinguished from, cretinic de- generation, i, 381. — goiter, i, 381. — myxedema, i, 382. — thyro toxicosis, i, 380. — effect of loss of thyroid function on growing individual, i, 397. — etiology of, age, i, 384. — chronic intoxications, i, 385. — environment, i, 384. — heredity and familial occur- rence, i, 383. — infectious origin, i, 384. — nutritional factors, i, 385. — psychic states, i, 385. — sex, i, 384. — surgery, i, 386. — trauma, i, 386. — geographical distribution of, i, 382. - history of, i, 379. — metabolism in, carbohydrate, i, 394. - fat, i, 395. — gaseous, in cretinism and myx- edema, i, 394. — nomenclature of, i, 380. — pathology of, cardio-vascular sys^ tern, i, 390. — gastro-intestinal, i, 390. — genitalia, i, 392. genito-urinary, i, 392. in the thyroid gland, atrophie changes, i, 387. — hyperplastic processes, i, 387. — lesipns in other endocrin glands, i, 392. — muscles, i, 392. myxedema, i, 389. nervous system, i, 389. osseous system, i, 390. — cretinism, i, 390, 391. — dwarfism, i, 391. systemic effects, i, 388. — thyroaplasia, i, 386. relative frequency of clinical types of, i, 396. — symptomatology of, acuteness and chronicity of, i, 397. — athyreosis, i, 397. GENEKAL INDEX 773 Hypothyroidism, sporadic, symptoma- tology of, diversity of symptoms and signs, i, 396. relative frequency of clinical types of, i, 396. • systemic effects of, i, 388. • types of, cretinism, i, 396. • masked, i, 396. • myxedema, i, 396. — symptomatology of, i, 92. • central nervous system, anomalies in sexual psyche, i, 410. idiocy, i, 409. -insanity, i, 411. — mental abnormalities, i, 409. cutaneous, i, 405. dentition, i, 409. • eyebrows, i, 408. — hair, i, 407. • mucous membrane, i, 409. • nails, i, 408. — regarded as expressions of hy- pothyroidism, i, 409. • gastro-intestinal, i, 415. general, i, 405. • genito-urinary, i, 415. in cardio-vascular system, i, 413. in cretinism, i, 399. in cutaneous appendages, i, 407. • in myxedema, i, 401. -in the blood, i, 414. -» locomotor system, bony changes, i, 417. — description of extremities, i, 416. ligaments, i, 417. — muscles, i, 417. lymphatic system, i, 418. peripheral nervous system, i, 412. referable to thyroid gland, i, 402. respiratory system, i, 413. • sexual, i, 410, 416. special sense organs, hearing, i, 412. ocular, i, 412. olfactory, i, 412. taste, i, 412. temperature, i, 418. • thyrogenic obesity, i, 406. dosage, i, 93. effects of, i, 93. — treatment of, clinical, i, 429. height of children, i, 430. — — leucocytic formula, i, 430. reaction to initial dosage, i," 429. rontgenological examinations, i, 429. Hypothyroidism, treatment of, clinical, weight curve, i, 429. — dietetic, i, 432. — metabolic control, i, 431. — blood glucose curve, i, 432. - nitrogen metabolism, i, 432. surgical, i, 433. — thyroid administration, i, 92, 426. preparations and dosage, i, 430. — thyroid transplantation, i, 433. — typical, in adult, myxedema, i, 401. — in young, or cretinism, i, 399. — See also Dysthyroidism. Hypothyroid states, autonomic system in, i, 173. Hypothyrosis, i, 381. Hypoxanthin, formula for, iv, 413. Hypoxanthine, iii, 137, 138. — of the brain, iii, 471. — in muscle tissue, iii, 461. Hysteria, pseudo Trousseau phenome- non in, i, 597. — in thyroid disease, i, 353. Hysterical attacks, major, differen- tiated from tetany, i, 679. Hysterical contracture, differentiated from tetany, i, 678. Hysterical convulsions, differentiated from tetany, i, 679. Ice water, iii, 293. Ichthyosis, thyroid treatment of, i, 105. Icterus, of autonomic origin, i, 333. Idiocy, congenital, differentiated from hypothyroidism, i, 424. — due to hypothyroidism, i, 409. — in cretinic degeneration, i, 466. "Idiopathic," application of term, ii, 774. Immune bodies, effect on, of blood transfusion, iii, 828. — in edema fluids, iv, 164. Immunity, and the spleen, ii, 669. — effect on, of roentgen rays and radio- active substances, iii, 876. — in administration of gland extracts, i, 31. Immunotherapy, hormonal, i, 82. Implantation of thyroid tissue, in cre- tinism and myxedema, i, 91. Impotence, in hypothyroidism, i, 416. — pituitary (anterior) therapy in, i, 121. — psychic, ii, 523. Inanition, edema in, iv, 158. Inanition, effect of, on structure of thyroid epithelium, i, 221. 774 GENERAL INDEX Inanition, effect of, on suprarenals, ii, 121. Incubation period of hen's eggs, heat production during, iii, 617. Indicanemia, as causative agent of uremia, iv, 391. Indican, excretion of, iii, 684. — formation of, iii, 680. Indigestion of food, metabolism in- creased by, iii, 604. Indol acetic acid, iii, 684. Indol ethylamin, change of, iii, 688. Indol formation, iii, 670, 680, 683. — effects on, of utilizable carbohy- drates, iii, 685. Indol toxemia, iii, 683. Indol, toxicity of, iii, 683. Infancy and early childhood, and me- tabolism in, iv, 781. disturbances due to diminished capacity of certain organ systems, iv, 806. — disturbances due to an exces- sive intake of food, alkaline condi- tion of intestines, iv, 784. — breast milk, iv, 788. Czerny's classification, iv, 783. excess of protein, iv, 786, 787. general symptoms, iv, 783. infantile diarrhea, iv, 788. mineral metabolism, iv, 785. — pathogenesis, iv, 783, 786. — relationship between amount and quality of food and of weight, iv, 782. stools in, alkaline, iv, 784. - "soap," iv, 783, 785. — symptoms coincident with variations in weight curve, iv, 782. — disturbances due to insuffi- ciency of certain elements in diet, iv, 802. deficiency of carbohydrates, iv, 804. deficiency of protein, iv, 804. — edema, iv, 802, 803. mineral salts, iv, 805. vitamines, iv, 806. disturbances due to insufficient intake of food, iv, 798. — disturbances in athreptic in- fants, iv, 799. — exudative diathesis (eczema), iv, 809. — in infantile diarrhea, iv, 788. tetany of spasmophilia, iv, 806. Infancy and early childhood, influence of ovaries during, ii, 612. Infantile arthritism of Comby, i, 55. Infantile diarrhea, blood in, iv, 793. — due to excess of fat, iv, 789, 791. — food elements, iv, 789. — feeding of cow's milk or cow's milk whey in, effects of, iv, 795. — functional alterations in circulatory system, iv, 794. - — loss of organic constituents of food by the bowels, iv, 792, 793. — metabolism in, iv, 788. — process of, iv, 794. — role of intestinal bacteria in, iv, 790, 791. — role of organic acids in, iv, 790. — symptoms of, iv, 788, 789. — toxins in, theory of, iv, 796. — urine in, iv, 793. — water deficit in, accountable for symptoms, iv, 796, 797. — weight loss in, explanation of, iv, 796. Infantilism, and eunuchoidism, ii, 810. — associated with hypophyseal disor- ders, ii, 929. — bone fragility in, iv, 820. — causes of, iv, 813. — characteristics of, ii, 809. — classification of, ii, 859 ; iv, 813. due to true ductless glandular dis- ease, ii, 859. dystrophic, with varieties, ii, 859. essential and sympathetic (Gil- ford's), ii, 860. — contributors to subject of, ii, 858. — differentiated from insuffisance'plu- riglandulaire of Claude and Gouge- rot, ii, 890. — due to brain lesions, ii, 877. chronic intoxications and infec- tions, ii, 873. ductless glandular diseases, dys- genital, ii, 861. hypophyseal, ii, 863. multiglandular, ii, 867. myxinfantilism, ii, 860. heart lesions, dystrophic, ii, 872. — traumas, ii, 877. unhygienic surroundings and malnutrition, ii, 878. — dysgenital, ii, 861. — dystrophic, characteristics of, ii, 869. description of, ii, 869. GENERAL INDEX 775 Infantilism, dystrophic, due to chronic intoxications and infections, ii, 873. due to heart lesions, ii, 872. due to unhygienic surroundings and malnutrition, ii, 878. etiology of, ii, 870. general syphilidotoxic, ii, 874. in hepatic and renal disease, ii, 877. in status thymico-lymphaticus, ii, 872. intestinal and pancreatic, ii, 875. morphological attributes, ii, 870. — pathogenesis of, ii, 870. progerio as a manifestation of in- fantilism, ii, 878. resulting from brain lesions ; trau- mas, ii, 877. • role played in by ductless glands, ii, 871. — essential nature of, ii, 855. — general, ii, 856. — general syphilidotoxic, ii, 874. • — gigantism with, ii, 809. and acromegaly, ii, 827. distribution of growth disturb- ance, ii, 810. examples of, ii, 811-815. — hypophyseal, ii, 809, 863. • — in dystrophia adiposogenitalis, i, 876. • — influence of the gonads on growth, ii, 809. • — in hepatic disease, ii, 877. — in renal disease, ii, 877. — in status thymico-lymphaticus, ii, 872. — intestinal, ii, 875; iv, 814. — metabolism in, achondroplasiac dwarf, table, iv, 827. — male, table of differential diagnosis of eunuchismus in its different forms, eunuchoidismus, and, ii, 520. and bone fragility, iv, 820. cretin dwarf, table, iv, 828. dwarf, type of Lorraine, iv, 826. fat, iv, 819. fat in the f eces, iv, 820. fatty acids, table, iv, 831. intestinal form, after partial im- provement, table, iv, 830. intestinal infantilism, iv, 814. introduction to, iv, 813. mineral, iv, 820. — nitrogen and sulphur distribution in urine, iv, 814. tables, iv, 815, 816. Infantilism, male, nitrogen and sul- phur distribution in urine, calcium, iv, 820, 824. - table, iv, 831. — magnesium, iv, 825. - table, iv, 831. — phosphate, iv, 825. - table, iv, 831. — ratios, iv, 826. — summary, iv, 827. — nitrogen in the feces and urine, table, iv, 817, 819. - table, iv, 818. — nitrogen in the urine and feces, tables, iv, 817, 819. -tables, iv, 824, 825. — multiglandular, or pluriglandular, ii, 867. — pancreatic, ii, 875; iv, 681. — partial, ii, 855. — pathogenic importance of, ii, 857. — progerio as a manifestation of, ii, 878. — psychic, ii, 879. — topical, paradigms of, ii, 856. — treatment of, ii, 880. — types of, ii, 859. — universal, ii, 855. — due to true ductless glandular disease, ii, 859. — dystrophic, with varieties, ii, 859. • — with myxediema (myxinfantilism), ii, 860. Infant, acidosis of diarrheal attacks in, alkaline treatment for, iii, 735. — athreptic, metabolism in, iv, 799. — diet of, artificial feeding with cows' milk, in, 320. - fat, iii, 320. — vegetables, iii, 319. — feeding of vegetables to, iii, 319. — from two weeks to one year of age, basal metabolism of, iii, 642. — influence on, of age, iii, 646. — dynamic action of foods in, iii, 643. — energy metabolism of, iii, 640. — basal, iii, 642. — dynamic action of foods in, iii, 643. respiratory quotient, iii, 640. — respiratory quotient of, iii, 640. — heat-production per square meter of body surface for, iii, 646. — new-born, basal metabolism of, iii, 632. — influence on, of crying, iii, 637. GEKEBAL Infant, new-born, basal metabolism of, influence on, of food and external temperature, iii, 638. — of sex, iii, 635. energy metabolism of, basal, iii, 632. per unit of body surface, iii, 633. respiratory quotient, iii, 627. total energy requirement, iii, 639. intestinal bacteria of, effects of sugars upon intestinal flora, iii, 694. — relation between diet and mi- crobic response, iii, 691. — respiratory quotient of, iii, 627. Bailey and Murlin, iii, 628. Benedict and Talbot, iii, 630. for first eight days, iii, 631. Hasselbach, iii, 627. influence of food on, iii, 630. -tables, iii, 629. — two days of age, mineral metabo- lism of, iii, 636. Infarction, as method of depression of hormones, i, 41. — of hypophysis cerebri, i, 773. Infected wounds, hypophyseal hormono- therapy for, i, 115. Infection, and the spleen, ii, 669. — arthropathies secondary to, metabo- lism in, iv, 773. Infections, causing dystrophia adiposo- genitalis, i, 905. — leading to exophthalmic goiter, gen- eral, i, 307. iodin and thyroid extract, i, 309. — nasal disease, i, 308. pregnancy and lactation, i, 308. syphilis, i, 308. tuberculosis, i, 308. — pathological changes in suprarenals as result of, ii, 261. — tetany in, prognosis of, i, 670. Infectious diseases, as cause of dia- betes insipidus, iv, 865. — changes in hypophysis cerebri due to, i, 779. — circulatory failure of, suprarenal therapy for, i, 132. — collapse of, suprarenal therapy for, i, 133. — epinephrin content in, ii, 321. — hypoadrenia following, ii, 319. — hypoadrenia, functional, associated with, ii, 325. — miscellaneous, metabolism in, iv, 148. Infectious diseases, tetany associated with, i, 649. — thyroid, treatment in, i, 103. Infectious origin, of hypothyroidism, i, 384. Infectious theory of exophthalmic goiter, i, 309. Inflammable air, or hydrogen, iii, 23. — discovery of, iii, 15. Inflammatory edema, iv, 159. Inflammatory enteropathies, metabo- lism in, iv, 629. Influenza, hypoadrenia following, ii, 321. — orchitis in, ii, 484. Injections into gland, in treatment of exophthalmic goiter, i, 372. Innervation, of hypophysis cerebri, i, 708. — of pancreas, ii, 691. — of the parathyroids, i, 502. — of thymus, ii, 363. — of thyroid gland, i, 208. Inorganic metabolism, and edema, iv, 166, Inorganic salts, metabolism of, in dis- eases of respiration and circulation, iv, 551. Inosinic acid, iii, 141. — as toxic agent in intoxication theory of parathyroid tetany, i, 549. Inosmic acid, in tetany, i, 635. Inositol, in muscle tissue, iii, 460. — in the brain, iii, 471. Insanity, hirsutismus associated with, ii, 357. — occurring in exophthalmic goiter, i, 347. — relation of thyroid gland to, i, 411. "Insensible perspiration" and food, Hippocrates on, iii, 4. -Sanctorius (1561-1636), iii, 7. Insomnia, in exophthalmic goiter, i, 346. Insuffisance pluriglandulaire, i, 903. — of Claude and Gougerot, descrip- tion of, ii, 886. differentiated from Addisqn's dis- ease, ii, 890. — from dystrophia adiposo-geni- talis, ii, 890. from infantilism, ii, 890. from myxedema, ii, 890. — from thymus-adrenal-hypophy- seal syndrome, ii, 890. — etiology of, ii, 886. — interpretation of, ii, 890. GENERAL INDEX 777 Insuffisance pluriglandulaire, of Claude and Gougerot, pathology and patho- genesis of, ii, 891. progress of, ii, 889. symptomatology of, ii, 888. therapy in, ii, 891. Internal secretion of the testes, See Testes, internal secretion of. Internal secretions, action of, on cen- tral nervous system, i, 76. — classification of, as autocoids, i, 4. as erregende and hemmende, i, 5. • hypertensive and hypotensive, i, 5. — conditions determining, i, 10. chemical, i, 11. demonstration of presence of ac- tive principles, i, 11. histological, i, 10. physiological, i, 11. — history of, accepted view of, enun- ciated by Johannes Miiller, i, 57. acromegaly or gigantism, i, 55, 56. action of, on central nervous system, i, 76. — Addison's disease, i, 55. Addison's monograph "On the Constitutional and Local Effects of Diseases of the Suprarenal Cap- sules," i, 54. antispasmodics, i, 49. Brown-Sequard in 1891, i, 62. carbohydrate metabolism, i, 63. correlation with the sexual func- tion, i, 69. discovery of Claude Bernard (1849), that temporary glycosuria or medullary diabetes mellitus may be produced by puncture in region of fourth ventricle of the brain in the dog, i, 59. glycogenic function of liver, Claude Bernard (1843), i, 58, 59. iodothyrin in body, suggesting relation of thyroid gland to iodin metabolism, i, 63. pancreas possesses an internal secretion as well as a digestive func- tion, i, 63. parathyroids and calcium me- tabolism, Ivar Sandstrom (1880), i, 63. "dystrophia adiposogenitalis" of Frolich, or pituitary obesity, i, 53. exophthalmic goiter, i, 51. experiment of A. A. Berthold (1849), in transplanting testes of fowl to another part of its body, i, 57, Internal secretions, history of, Ber- thold's experiment, Brown-Sequard (1856), in producing Addison's dis- ease by removal of suprarenal cap- sules, i, 60. -Brown-Sequard (1889), on re- juvenation by administration of tes- ticular extracts, i, 62. -E. Frank (1912) and Harvey Gushing (1913) that there is a poly- dipsia and polyuria deriving from the pituitary body, i, 59. -Mering, von, Joseph (1886), producing experimental diabetes by ingestion of phlorizin, i, 63. -Minkowski, Oscar (1889), pro- ducing experimental diabetes by ex- cision of pancreas, i, 63. — pineal gland, extirpation and feeding and injection experiments, i, 68. — removal of pituitary body, par- tial and total, i, 65. — first crude elements of therapy of, i, 47, 48. — first discovery regarding effects of absence of thyroid body, i, 52. — first experiment in physiological surgery upon human beings, i, 66. — first half of nineteenth century, i, 57. — function first stated clearly by Theophile de Bordeu (1722-76), i, 46. — glycogenic secretion in animals, i, 58. — hormonic equilibrium of body and thermodynamic equilibrium, i, 76. — investigations and treatises on, i, 77, 78. lungs or individual cells of body tissues provisionally regarded as ductless, glands, i, 58. — myxedema, i, 53. -observations of Claude Bernard, epoch-making character as indicated by Sir Michael Foster, i, 60. (1843) introducing new concept of, i, 58. — Brown-Sequard on old Bordeu theory of (1893), i, 62. — chromafin system, epinephrin, i, 68. — chromaphil system, i, 68. — endemic goiter, in antiquity, i, 50. — giants and dwarfs, i, 49, 778 GENERAL INDEX Internal secretions, history of, observa- tions of Claude Bernard, Legallois (1801), i, 57. — ovariotomy and Battey's opera- tion, i, 66, 67. pineal gland or epiphysis cere- bri, i, 67. — doctrine of "macrogenitoso- mia precox," i 67. experimental extirpation of, i, 68. 1 pituitary body, activities of, i, 66. discovery of extract of pos- terior lobe (pituitrin), i, 66. — perverted function' of gland, "dyspituitarism," i, 66. — structure of, i, 64. placental internal secretion, i, 68. -Plater, Felix (1614), in con- nection with doctrine of the "status thymicolymphaticus," i, 50. — relation of tetany to thyroidec- tomy and parathyroidectomy, i, 64. — thyroidectomy, i, 60, 61. — obtaining of glycogenic substance from liver in the form of a dry pow- der, which could be converted into dextrose by fermentation, Claude Bernard (1855), i, 59. — pernicious anemia, i, 54. • "pluriglandular insufficiency," in- troduced by Claude and Gougerot (1907-1908), i, 69. — pouring out of thyroidal and adrenal secretions under surgical shock or passion of fear, i, 55. — relation of, to tonus of nervous system, i, 73, 74, 75. — tetany, i, 53. — thymus gland, i, 55. — — treatment of myxedema by thy- roid extract, i, 61. — hormones, i, 4, 5. nature of, i, 8. terminology of, i, 5. — nature of, bodily reactions to circu- lating chemical substances, i, 7. carbon dioxid, i, 7. • differentiated from ordinary se- cretory products of gland-cell ac- tivity, i, 8. — from other specific substances in blood, i, 9. — epinephrin, i, 8. . hormones, i, 8. secretin, i, 7. Internal secretions, parhormones, i, 8. — relation between female reproduc- tive functions and, general consid- erations in regard to, ii, 571. — relation of, to tonus of nervous sys- tem, i, 73, 74, 75. — terminology of, i, 3, 4. — theory of Addison's disease, ii, 284. — definition of, i, 45. history of, i, 45. Interrenal system, chart of, ii, 954. — overfunction of, i, 69. — chart of, ii, 954. Interstitial injury, as method of creat- ing gland deficiency, i, 41. Intestinal antiseptics, in cretinic de- generation, i, 472. — bacteria, role of, in infantile diar- rhea, iv, 790, 791. — bacterial origin of alkapton, objec- tions to, iv, 508. — bacteriology, adolescent and adult, iii, 696. — development of, iii, 690. — exogenous intestinal infections, bromatherapy, iii, 706. — general history of, iii, 690. — of normal nurslings, iii, 691. — effects of sugars upon intesti- nal flora, experimental evidence of, iii, 694. — relation between diet and mi- crobic response, iii, 691. — sour milk therapy and intestinal metabolism, iii, 700. — carcinoma, metabolism in, iv, 638. — chyme, constituents of, iv, 626. — digestion of carbohydrates, iii, 249. — diseases, metabolism in, Addison's disease, diarrhea of, iv, 640. — anchylostomiasis, iv, 636. — appendicitis, iv, 631. carcinoma, iv, 638. — constipation, iv, 632. diarrhea of Addison's disease, iv, 640. — diarrhea of exophthalmic goi- ter, iv, 640. — disturbances of motor innerva- tion, iv, 637. disturbances of secretory in- nervation, iv, 637. disturbance of sensibility, iv, 637. enteritis, acute and chronic, iv, 629. enteropathies, congenital, iv, 636. GENERAL INDEX 779 Intestinal antiseptics, diseases, metabo- lism in, enteropathies, due to altera- tions of lumen or of position of intes- tines, iv, 633. neoplastic, iv, 638. parasitic, iv, 635. enteroptosis, iv, 635. exophthalmic goiter, diarrhea of, iv, 640. following abnormality of duct- less glands, iv, 640. functions of intestines, iv, 625. absorptive, iv, 628. motor, iv, 627. secretory, iv, 626. inflammatory enteropathies, iv, 629. intestinal chyme, iv, 626. introduction to, iv, 624. lymphosarcoma, iv, 638. mechanical factors, iv, 625. motor processes, iv, 627. obstruction, acute and chronic, iv, 633. perforated ulcer, iv, 631. physiological processes of in- testines, iv, 624. — polyposis intestinalis, iv, 638. sarcoma, iv, 638. secondary to diseases of stom- ach, iv, 639. secretory processes, iv, 626. specific, iv, 639. syphilis, iv, 639. teniasis, iv, 636. tuberculosis, iv, 639. ulceration of intestines, iv, 630. uncinariasis, iv, 636. — disturbances, secondary to diseases of stomach, metabolism in, iv, 639. — elimination of iron, iii, 328. — endocrin function, motilen or peri- staltic hormone, ii, 750. Popielski on (1896), ii, 741. secretin, clinical application of, ii, 750. physiological evidence as to presence of, in blood, and mode of action, ii, 746. relation of, to internal secre- tion of pancreas, ii, 748. specific chemical action of, ii, 745. specificity of action of, ii, 743. specificity of distribution of, ii, 742. — flora and putrefaction, influence on, of water, iii, 291. Intestinal antiseptics, hemorrhage, vasoconstrictor action of epinephrin in, i, 137. - infantilism, ii, 875 ; iv, 814. — infections, exogenous, bromatherapy, iii, 706. — lymphosarcoma, metabolism in, iv, 638. — malposition, congenital, metabolism in, iv, 636. — mucosa, immunity to repeated ad- ministrations of extract of, i, 31. — obstruction, auto -intoxication ac- companying, iv, 634. — metabolism in, iv, 633. — symptoms of, iv, 633. — parasites, ocular symptoms due to, ii, 776. — polyposis, metabolism in, iv, 638. — sarcoma, metabolism in, iv, 638. — syphilis, metabolism in, iv, 639. — tuberculosis, metabolism in, iv, 639. — ulceration, metabolism in, iv, 630. — as endocrine organs, status of prob- lem and nature of evidence, ii, 725. — comparative importance of kidneys and, as excretory channels, iii, 511. — effect of epinephrin on circulation of, ii, 217. — effects of posterior lobe feeding of hypophysis on, i, 755. — fat metabolism in, absorption, changes in fats during, iii, 196. — absorption of fat, iii, 194. — paths of, iii, 196. — digestion, iii, 193. — emulsification in fat digestion and absorption, iii, 200. — factors in absorption and diges- tion, bile, iii, 198. — pancreatic secretion, iii, 197. — lipases of, iii, 192. — pancreatic juice, iii, 192. — passage from stomach, iii, 191. — summary of, iii, 200. — synthesis of fats during absorp- tion from, iii, 196. — functions of, iv, 625. — absorptive, iv, 628. — motor, iv, 627. — secretory, iv, 626. — physiological processes of, iv, 624. Intoxications, chronic, as factors in hypothyroidism, i, 385. infantilism, dystrophic, resulting from, ii, 873. — in parathyroid glands, i, 564. 780 GE1STEKAL INDEX Intoxications, pathological changes in suprarenals as result of, ii, 261. — ocular symptoms due to, ii, 781. — tetany associated with, i, 650. prognosis of, i, 670. Intoxication theory of parathyroid tetany, toxic agent, ammonia as, i, 542. guanidin and methylguanidin as, i, 544. histamin as, i, 544. inosinic acid, i, 549. thymus secretion, i, 549. — xanthin as, i, 544. Intra-ocular tension, in relation to nu- trition and secretion, ii, 768. Intra-ocular tissue, neuro - endocrin control of, ii, 769. Intrapulmonary injections of gland extracts, i, 35. Intrathoracic struma, i, 318. Intravenous coagulation, due to sub- stances in unboiled tissue extracts, i, 30. Intravenous feeding, iii, 817. — of carbohydrates, iii, 817. — dangers of, iii, 817. — indications for, iii, 817. — of fats, iii, 817. — of proteins, iii, 817. Intravenous injection of fluids. See Fluids. Intravenous injections, errors and ad- vantages of, i, 32. — given apparently specific reaction obtained from extracts of several different glands, i, 30. — gland extract as heterogeneous mix- ture of many substances, i, 29; — immunity developed, i, 31. — intravenous coagulation induced by substances in unboiled tissue ex- tracts, i, 30. — nonspecific substances in tissue ex- tract, cholin, i, 29. histamin, i, 29. nucleo-proteins, i, 29. — of suprarenal extracts, Oliver and Sehaefer's experiment on effects of, i, 28. — postulates to prove hormone con- tent in given organ extract, i, 28. — quantitative aspects of, i, 31. — sources of error in experiments on, Biedl on, i, 28. Gley on, i, 28. Lewandowsky on, i, 28, Intravenous injections, toxic material due to process of disintegration of protein substances, i, 29. anaphylactic shock as factor in, i, 29. boiling as means of eliminating, i, 30. tryptic enzymes of blood in for- mation of, i, 29. — variation in abnormal products of extract, even in same gland, i, 32. Inulin, iii, 247. "lod-Basedow" complex of Kocher, i, 301. lodid, experimental feeding with, i, 233-235. lodids, effect of, on metabolism, iii, 724. lodin administration, atrophy of the thyroid gland following, i, 283. — compounds, iii, 333. — of, in other tissues than thyroid, i, 252. — internal secretion, evidence connecting, i, 259. in thyroid gland, iodothyroglobu- lin, i, 253, 261. "thyreoantitoxin," S. Frankl's, i, 253. -"thyroidin" (iodothyrin), Bau- mann's, i, 253, 260. "thyroprotein," Notkin's, i, 253. -thyroxin, i, 254, 261. — content of, in thyroid gland, i, 84, 248. — age, i, 250. — diet, i, 251. distribution of, i, 252. of man and animals, iii, 332. relationship between thyroid activity and, i, 262. seasonal variations, i, 250. sex, i, 250. table of, i, 249. therapeutic efficiency of thy- roid preparations running parallel to, i, 85. — distribution of, in organisms, i, 247. — effect of, on metabolism, iii, 724. — Hunter's and Kendall's method for detecting presence of, i, 246. — in parathyroids, i, 551. — lack of, in food and drinking water, iii, 333. — metabolism, relation of thyroid gland to, suggested by discovery of iodothyrin in body, i? 63. GENEKAL INDEX 781 lodin administration, producing exoph- thalmic goiter, i, 309. — relation of, to developmental pro- cesses, i, 187. — therapeutic test with, and with thy- roid extract, for hyperthyroidism, i, 498. — thyroidism, i, 301. — treatment and prevention of goiter by, iii, 725. — use of, in treatment of Exophthalmic goiter, history of, i, 52. lodothyrin, i, 253. — discovery of, in body, suggesting re- lation of thyroid gland to iodin me- tabolism, i, 63. — evidence for and against its being the internal secretion of the thyroid, i, 260. lodothyroglobulin, connection of, with internal secretion of gland, i, 261. - digests of, i, 254. — elementary composition of, from dif- ferent sources, i, 254. molecular weight of, i, 253. — percentage of weight of the dried gland, i, 254. — solubility of, i, 253. — variability of iodin, percentage of, i, 254. Ionic substances, important role of, in life processes, iii, 335. Iritis, traditional local treatment of, ii, 796. Iron, distribution of, iii, 326. — effect of, on metabolism, iii, 755. — in human body, course of, iii, 327. excretion of, iii, 328. function of, iii, 326, 327. in liver, iii, 463. intestinal elimination of, iii, 328. — in human body, in the blood, iii, 451. in the urine, iii, 503. metabolism of,, iii, 329. urinary elimination of, iii, 329. Iron-containing foods, iii, 327. Iron metabolism, iii, 329. — in anemic and healthy individuals, table, iv, 58T. — in blood diseases, iv, 585. — in chlorosis, iv, 588. — influence on, of spleen, iv, 596. — in hemolytic anemia, iv, 598. — in hemorrhage, iv, 586. — in leukemia, iv, 589. — role of spleen in, iii, 331. Iron waters, and metabolism, iii, 851. — in anemia, iii, 851. Iron waters, in chlorosis, iii, 851. Islands of Langerhans, as seat of pan- creatic internal secretion, ii, 731. — as source of pancreatic glycosuria, i, 63. — conception of, as endocrin organs, ii, 697. — conception of diabetes as result of a deficiency in, ii, 698. — in diabetes, pathological changes in, ii, 707. — island theory of internal secretion of . pancreas, ii, 706. — pathological changes in, in diabetes, ii, 707. Iso-amylamin, effect of, on metabo- lism, iii, 773. Isodynamic equivalents, von Liebig, iii, 49. — table of, iii, 50. Iso-leucin, iii, 85, 109. Isomerism, iii, 218. — of glucose, iii, 221. — of the aldohexoses, iii, 222. Jaquet's apparatus for measuring respi- ratory exchange, iii, 519. Jaundice, congenital hemolytic, metab- olism in, after splenectomy, iv, 600. — purin metabolism in, iv, 581. — liver functional tests in, iv, 652. — obstructive, causing decalcification of bones, iv, 761. — concomitant to obstruction of pancreatic duct, iv, 663. Joint exudates, uric acid in, in gout, iv, 434. Joints, diseases of, metabolism in dis- eases of, iv, 772. — a,rthropathies secondary to infec- tions, iv, 77. — classification of arthropathies, iv, 772. — gout, iv, 772. primary atrophic arthritis, iv, 773. — table showing results of observa- tions on, iv, 775, 776, 777. primary hyperthrophic arthritis, iv, 773. — table of nine-day observations on, iv, 774. — trophic arthropathies secondary to disease of central nervous system, iv, 772. — See Arthropathies. Jellinek's sign, i, 324. Joffroy's sign, i, 320. Joints, condition of, in tetany, i, 623. 782 GEKEKAL INDEX Kahler's disease, iv, 498. KareH's regime in edema, iv, 190. Katatonia, differentiated from tetany, i, 677. Kendall, isolation by, from thyroid of crystalline substance named thyro- oxy-indol or thyroxin (1915), i, 84. analyzed and prepared ( 1918), i, 84. Keratitis, phlyctenular, ii, 799. Keratoconus, ii, 802. Keratomalacia, ii, 801. Kidney, contracted, primary, iv, 400. — secondary, iv, 399. — effect on circulation of, of epineph- rin, ii, 214. — hemorrhage from vasoconstrictor ac- tion of epinephrin in, i, 138. Kidney activity, influence on, of epi- nephrin, ii, 24. Kidneys, action of epinephrin on, phar- macodynamic, i, 127. — comparative importance of intestines and, as excretory channels, iii, 511. — effect on, of fasting, iv, 21. of hypophysis feeding of posterior lobe, i, 760. — excretion of acid products by, iv, 56, 65. — in edema, iv, 157. — in obesity, iv, 35. Kidney secretion, as cause of arterial hypertension in nephritis, iv, 405. — mechanism of, iii, 482. Kidney threshold for sugar, iii, 253. Kinetic theory of Crile of exophthalmic goiter, i, 313. Klebs, Edwin, monograph of, on acro- megaly or gigantism, i, 56. Kopp, Johann Heinfich, (1830), "asthma thymicum" and "thymus death" in childhood, noted by, i, 55. Krogh's apparatus for measuring res- piratory exchange, iii, 531. Lacrimation, in tetany, i, 611. Lactagog, mammary gland secretion as, i, 148. — placental extract as, i, 147. Lactation, and the ovary, ii, 643. — as a factor in exophthalmic goiter, i, 308. — calcium in blood during, iii, 322. — effect of, on results of parathyroid- ectomy, i, 527. — effects on, of hypophysis feeding of posterior lobe, i, 764. — hypophysis cerebri as a stimulant to, ii. 647. Lactation, in acromegaly, i, 839. — pineal body and, ii, 648. — tetany associated with, i, 650. — prognosis of, i, 672. — See also Milk secretion. Lactation amenorrhea, ii, 625. Lactic acid, excretion of, in carbon monoxid poisoning, iii, 743. — increased, in oxygen deficiency, iii, 741. — in muscle tissue, iii, 460. — in the brain, iii, 471. — presence of, in oxygen-lack, iv, 543. — transformation of, into glucose, iii, 108. Lactose, iii, 245. -feeding of, iii, 707. -formula for, iii, 244. — hydrolysis of, iii, 708. — methods of administration of, iii, 707. — osteomalacia induced by injection so, iv, 768. Lactose-protein solutions, feeding with, iii, 709. Lactose test for renal function, iv, 357. Lactosuria, occurrence of, iv, 301. — pathognomonic factors in, iv, 301. — recognition of, iv, 302. Lanolin, iii, 185. Laryngeal paralysis, in exophthalmic goiter, i, 334. Lashes and eyebrows, falling out of, ii, 797. Lavoisier, accurate measuring instru- ments of, iii, 20, 21. — "air eminently respirable" of, iii, 22. — experiments of, animal heat, conser- vation of, iii, 23. on nature of water, iii, 19. — respiration, iii, 25. on man, iii, 25. — basic facts regarding metabo- lism, iii, 25. respiratory quotient, ii, 22. — history of, iii, 19. — outside his laboratory, iii, 28, 29. — phlogiston theory of combustion de- molished by (1783), iii, 23. Lead, effects of, on metabolism, iii, 758. Leber's disease, ii, 792. Lecithin, iii, 488. — in the liver, iii, 463. - of the brain, iii, 468, 469. Lecithins, iii, 186. GENERAL INDEX 783 Lefevre, Nicholas (died 1674), and metabolism, iii, 8. Legallois, (1801), observations of, i, 57. Leg phenomenon in tetany, Pool's, i, 674. — Schlesinger of Vienna, i, 601. his performance of, i, 602. — See also Arm and leg phenomenon. Leontiasis ossea, gigantism with, ii, 822. Leprosy, calcium in, iii, 728. — disturbances in mineral metabolism in, iii, 336. — orchitis in, ii, 486. Leucemia, u,ric acid in, 437. increased elimination of, iii, 498. Leucin, fate of, iii, 109. — in urine, conditions causing, iv, 476. in cystinuria, iv, 527. — of the brain, iii, 471. Leucocytic formula, importance of, in hypothyroidism, i, 430. Leukemia, chronic lymphatic, treat- ment of, by x-rays and radium, iii, 884. Leukemia, metabolism in, basal, iv, 567. experimental and clinical ob- servation, iv, 567; iv, £70. -table of, iv, 571. high, causes of, iv, 573. influence on, of diet, iv, 594. of rontgen rays and radium, iv, 601. — of transfusion, iv, 594. mineral, iron, iv, 589. phosphoric acid, calcium and magnesium, iv, 590. protein, iv, 578. purin, iv, 579. elimination of uric acid and purin bases, iv, 581. — myeloid, treated by x-rays, iii, 884. — nitrogen balance in, iv, 578. — treatment of, by diet, influence of, on metabolism, iv, 594. by rontgen-rays and radium, in- fluence of, on metabolism, iv, 601. by transfusion, influence of, on metabolism, iv, 594. Leukopenia, in exophthalmic goiter, i, 351. Levulinic acid, iii, 240. Libido, and exophthalmic goiter, i, 335. v. Liebig, Justus, activity of yeast cells discussed by, iii, 54. v. Liebig's extract of meat, v. Liebig's defense of the use of, iii, 54. Ligaments, condition of, in hypothy- roidism, i, 417. Ligation of blood vessels, as method for decreasing function of organ, i, 41. Light, action of, iii, 903. — on blood, iii, 892. — on cell proteins, iii, 891. on enzymes, iii, 892. — on metabolism, iii, 893. — on tissues and skin, iii, 891. — as a therapeutic agent, iii, 890. — chemical changes brought about by, iii, 891. — rays of, iii, 890. effective, iii, 891. — waves of, iii, 890. Limb, effect on circulation of, of epi- nephrin, ii, 205. Lime metabolism, in infancy and child- hood, iii, 318. Lipase, gastric, iii, 189, 190. Lipases, of intestinal tract and diges- tion, iii, 192. — pancreatic, iii, 192. Lipemia, alimentary, iii, 201. — in nephritis, iv, 342. Lipodystrophia progressiva, iv, 37. Lipoid content, in Addison's disease, ii, 282. Lipoids, iii, 184. — compound, cephalins, iii, 187. — glycolipoids, iii, 187. — lecithins, iii, 186. — phospholipoids, iii, 185. — derived, fatty acids, iii, 187. — sterols, iii, 188. — of brairi, iii, 467. — of the blood, iii, 204. See also Blood lipoids. — in nephritis, iv, 341. — presence of, in normal thyroid gland, i, 245. — simple, fats, iii, 184. Lipomatosis, circumscribed nodular, iv, 37. — diffuse symmetrical, iv, 37. — distinguished from obesity, iv, 36. — lipodystrophia progressiva, iv, 37. Lipuria, iv, 340. Lithium, effect of, on metabolism, iii, 724. Litten's phenomena, disturbance of, of autonomic origin, i, 334. Liver, and anaphylaxis, substances in- volved in, as hepatic internal secre- tion, ii, 679. — and the carbohydrates, iv, 643. GENERAL INDEX Liver, and the fatty acids, iv, 644. — and the proteins, iv, 645. — antithrombin as hepatic internal se- cretion, ii, 680. — bile and hemoglobin formation, ii, 677. — blood serum proteins as hepatic in- ternal secretions, ii, 678. — capacity of, to store glycogen, iii, 251. • — carbohydrate metabolism after Eck fistula, iii, 676. — chemistry of, normal, iv, 643. — bile, iv, 647. — bile pigments, iv, 648. -bile salts, iv, 648. — bilirubin, iv, 648. cholesterol, iv, 649. -fat, iv, 649. mineral substances, iv, 649. detoxicating function, iv, 646. liver, and carbohydrates, iv, 643. and fatty acids, iv, 644. and proteins, iv, 645. tests of liver function, iv, 649. — cholesterol of, iii, 463. — composition of, in acute yellow at- rophy, iv, 654. — detoxicating function of, iv, 646. — effect on circulation of, of epineph- rin, ii, 208. — effect on, of anaphylaxis, iv, 203. — evidence of internal secretion from administration of hepatic substance and derivatives, cod liver oil, ii, 685. liver extracts, ii, 686. liver substance, ii, 684. — external secretion of. See Hepatic external secretion. — fat of, iii, 463. — fibronogen as a hepatic internal se- cretion, ii, 682. — formation of glycogen by, ii, 674. due to fat molecule, ii, 675. due to proteins, ii, 675, 676. — functional tests of, in acute yellow atrophy, iv, 653. in disease, iv, 651. — in jaundice, iv, 652. — functions of, iii, 463. secretion of, external and internal, Claude Bernard (1855), ii, 674. — glycogen as "secretion interne" of, i, 59. — glycogenic function of, i, 59. Liver, glycogen in, iii, 463. — hemoglobin antecedents as hepatic internal secretion, ii, 677. — heparin and prorantithrombin as he- patic internal secretions, ii, 681. — in fat metabolism, iii, 207. — in obesity, iv, 35. — internal secretion of. See Hepatic internal secretion. — iron in, iii, 463. — lecithin of, iii, 463. — normal constituents of, iii, 463. — ocular complication of diseases of, ophthalmia hepatica, ii, 775. — pathochemistry of, composition of liver in acute yellow atrophy, iv, 654. functional tests in disease, iv, 651. — acute yellow atrophy, iv, 653. — jaundice, iv, 652. — in cholelithiasis, iv, 655. — phosphatids of, iii, 463. — place of, in endocrin congeries, ii, 687. — pro-antithrombin and heparin as he- patic internal secretions, ii, 681. — proteins of, iii, 463. — regulatory function of, in bile-pig- ment metabolism, iv, 558. — secretion of. See Bile. — significance of, in bodily economy, ii, 673. — spleen and, ii, 665. — storing in, of carbohydrate, in form of glycogen, iii, 463. — substances contributed by, to the blood, carbohydrate as a hepatic in- ternal secretion, ii, 674. — substances involved in anaphylaxis as hepatic internal secretion, ii, 679. — symptoms associated with, in edema, iv, 157. — urea, as hepatic internal secretion, ii, 683. — urea formation in, iii, 464. Liver cell activity and diet factors in building up of hemoglobin, iv, 559. Liver disease, infantilism in, ii, 877. Liver extracts, evidence of internal se- cretion from administration of, ii, 686. Liver involvement, and eclampsia, iv, 836. Liver necrosis, experimental, urine in, iv, 842. Liver poisoning, effects of carbohydrate in, iii, 689. GENEKAL INDEX 785 Liver substance, evidence of internal secretion from administration of, ii, 684. Locomotor system, in hypothyroidism, i, 416. — symptoms of, associated with thyroid disease, i, 353. Loewi's epinephrin mydriasis test for hyperthyroidism, i, 498. Loewi's sign, i, 323. Lues, gastric, metabolism in, iv, 621. Lumbar puncture, in treatment of dia- betes insipidus, iv, 877. Lung, resemblance of thyroid gland to, i, 269. Lungs, edema of, iv, 157. — effect on, of anaphylaxis, iv, 201. — in obesity, iv, 35. Lusk's experiments on protein metabo- lism, iii, 131. Lymph, Bence-Jones protein in, iv, 487. — disturbances in flow of, iv, 165. — normal, chemistry of, iv, 160. Lymphatic fluid, iii, 788. Lymphatic glands, enlargement of, in thyroid disease, i, 352. — in hypothyroidism, i, 418. Lymphatics, of hypophysis cerebri,i,708. — of the parathyroids, i, 502. — of thymus, ii, 362. — of thyroid gland, i, 207. Lymphatism of Heubner, i, 55. Lymphosarcoma of the intestines, me- tabolism in, iv, 638. Lymph nodes, spleen and, ii, 667. Lymph production, iv, 179. — influence of chlorids and fluids, iv, 187. — physico-chemical factors in, iv, 181. diffusion pressure, iv, 183. of the solute, iv, 184. — of the solvent, iv, 184. electrostatic pressure, iv, 187. hydrophilic action of colloids, iv, 186. hydrostatic pressure, iv, 181. osmotic pressure, iv, 184. Lysin, iii, 88, 112. "Macrogenitosonria precox," doctrine of, from pineal dysfunction, i, 67. Magendie (1783-1855), experiments of, on calorimetry, iii, 37. Magnesium, absorption of, iii, 323. — amount of, in bone, disproportionate increase of, in artificial osteomalacia, iv, 741. Magnesium, effect of, on mineral me- tabolism, iii, 727. — in human body, iii, 323. — in metabolism, iii, 323. — in the blood, iii, 451. -in the feces, iii, 511. — in the urine, iii, 503. Magnesium metabolism, iv, 460. — in blood diseases, iv, 589. — in osteomalacia, iv, 745. Magnesium oxid, amount of, in bone ash, iv, 740. — in dried bone, iv, 740. Magnesium phosphate, amount of, in bone ash, iv, 740. Magnesium sulphate, intravenous infu- sion of, in tetanus, iii, 800. Magnus (1802-1870), experiments of, in history of metabolism, iii, 33. Magnus-Levy's table of mineral con- stituents of different organs, iii, 305. Malaria, temperature regulation in, iv, 140. Malarial fever, metabolism in, calo- rimetry, direct and indirect, iv, 144. — character of foodstuffs oxidized, iv, 143. — chlorids and phosphates in, iv, 144. — temperature regulation, iv, 141. — total, iv, 140. Malarial orchitis, ii, 486. Malnutrition, borderline, iv, 250, 251. — experimental results of, iv, 243. — infantilism due to, ii, 878. Malposition of intestines, congenital, metabolism in, iv, 636. Malta fever, orchitis in, ii, 485. Maltose, 246. • — formula for, iii, 244. — in urin, diabetic and other, iv, 303. Maltosuria, iv, 303. Mammals, relation to growth and devel- opment in, of hypophysis cerebri, i, 191. — of sex glands, i, 198. — of thyroid, i, 183. Mammary activity, corpus luteum and, ii, 643. — fetal membranes and, ii, 646. — fetus and, ii, 645. — hormone factors in, ii, 642. — interstitial gland of ovary and, ii, 644. — ovary and, ii, 642. — placental hormone and, ii, 645. — testicle and, ii, 646. — uterine hormones and, ii, 645. 786 GENERAL INDEX Mammary gland, as a sex characteristic, ii, 639. — as endocrin organs, ii, 648. Mammary glands, development of, con- trol of, ii, 641. stages of, ii, 640. — extracts of, as galactagogues, ii, 647. — growth and development of, ii, 640. — hormone factors in activity of, cor- pus luteum, ii, 643. fetal, ii, 645. fetal membranes and mammary growth and secretion, ii, 646. interstitial glands of ovary, ii, 644. menstrual growth impulse, ii, 643. milk secretion and the ovary, ii, 643. ovary and mammary activity, ii, 642. placental, ii, 645. pubertal growth impulse, ii, 642. testicle, ii, 646. uterine, ii, 645. — organotherapy of, as a lactagogue, i, 148. in uterine fibroids, i, 148. — relation between ovary and, ii, 556. — influence of corpus luteum on its growth, ii, 567. Mammary hyperplasia of pregnancy, ii, 645. Mandible, in acromegaly, i, 831. Mannose, iii, 238. — conversion of glucose into fructose and, iii, 231. Masks, for measuring respiratory ex- change, iii, 532. Mayow, John (1640-1679), on respira- tion, in history of metabolism, iii, 9, 10. Marburg, doctrine of "macrogenitoso- mia precox" established by (1907), i, 67. Marinesco-Roseo complement deviation test for hyperthyroidism, i, 497. Masturbation, due to hypothyroidism, i, 411. Maternal administration of gland ex- tracts, i, 38. Maternity tetany, i, 650. — prognosis of, i, 671. McCay's experiments on protein mini- mum and optimum, iii, 406. McLean's coefficient of urea excretion, iv, 359. Meals, water drinking with, iii, 280, 283, 287, 288, 294. Meat, caloric value of, von Liebig, iii, 49. — dry, free from ash, elementary anal- ysis of, iii, 60. — extract of, v. Liebig's, his defense of the use of, iii, 54, 55. — heat value of, iii, 550. — importance of, as food, iii, 363. per capita consumption of, table of, iii, 364. — metabolism of, von Voit, iii, 68. — place of, in diet, iii, 400. — weight of feces following ingestion of, iii, 58. Meat protein, metabolism of, iii, 61. Mechanical efficiency of muscular work, iii, 586. — on different diets, iii, 591. Mechanotherapy, in treatment of tet- any,. i, 693. Meckel's diverticulum, metabolism in, iv, 636. Medicinal treatment of calculi, cystin, iv, 472. — oxalate, iv, 471. — phosphate, iv, 468. — uric acid, iv, 470. xanthin, iv, 472. Medieval doctrine of signatures, i, 48. Meeh formula for determining sur- face area, iv, 31. Megacolon congentium, metabolism in, iv, 636. Melanosis, ocular, ii, 764. Meningitis, differentiated from tetany, i, 676. — orchitis in, ii, 485. — tuberculosis, differentiated from tet- any, i, 676. Menopause, as a major endocrin syn- drome, ii, 938. — average age of, ii, 618. — cause of, ii, 618. — diagnosis of, ii, 622. — early, ii, 618. — sexual desire and gratification in, ii, 620. — symptoms of, ii, 617. anatomic changes, ii, 620. cessation of menses, ii, 619. gastric, ii, 620. increase in body weight, ii, 620. nervous, ii, 620. psychic, ii, 620. skin eruptions, ii, 620. vasomotor, ii, 619. — treatment of, ii, 622. GENERAL INDEX 787 Menses, cessation of, in menopause, ii, 619. Menstrual aberrations, disturbances of gonadal rhythm associated with, ii, 593. ovarian hyperfunction, ii, 593. producing amenorrhea (ovarian hypof unction), ii, 594. primary ovarian involvement, ii, 594. congenital hypoplasia of re- productive system, ii, 594. corpus luteum persistans, ii, 595. cystic degeneration of ovary, ii, 594. secondary ovarian involvement, ii, 595. causes of ovarian impair- ment unknown in their exact mode of operation, ii, 596. drugs, ii, 596. endocrin upsets, ii, 595. systemic diseases, ii, 596. trophic disturbances, ii, 595. producing uterine hemorrhages, ii, 597. Menstrual cycle, comparison of oes- trous cycle and, ii, 588. Menstrual disturbances, of autonomic origin, i, 334. Menstrual growth impulse, ii, 643. Menstruation, abandonment of concepts and terminology previously existing in regard to, ii, 590. — absence of. See Amenorrhea. — and endometrial cycle, ii, 584. Menstruation, creatinuria after, iii, 176. — definition of process of, ii, 584. — historical, ii, 583. — mechanism of, ii, 615. — relation of, chronological, to ovula- tion, ii, 588. — role of ovary in, ii, 614. mechanism of, ii, 615. which constituent is concerned with, ii, 614. — scanty. See Oligomenorrhea. — tetany associated with, i, 650. Mental abnormalities, in hypothyroid- ism, i, 409. Mental balance, effect on, of under- nutrition and fasting, iv, 22. Mental capacity, effect on, of under- nutrition and fasting, iv, 22. Mental conditions, amenorrhea due to, ii, 626. — in exophthalmic goiter, i, 307, 346. Mental diseases, thyroid therapy for, i, 100. Mental manifestations, of dystrophia adiposogenitalis, i, 894. Mental precocity, in pineal disease, ii, 54. Mercury, effect of, on metabolism, iii, 755. — acid-alkali, iii, 756. — body temperature, iii, 756. — carbohydrate, iii, 756. — fat, iii, 756. — mineral, iii, 756. — protein, iii, 756. -total, iii, 756. — water, iii, 756. Mering, von, Joseph, experimental dia- betes produced by ingestion of phlo- rizin (1866), i, 63. "Merseburg triad," of exophthalmic goiter, i, 51. — Caleb Hillier Parry's notation of phases of, i, 51. Metabolic changes, in cystinuria, iv, 525. Metabolic control, of hypothyroidism, i, 431. — nitrogen metabolism, i, 422. Metabolic disturbances, in acromegaly, i, 837. Metabolic osteo-arthritis. See Arthri- tis deformans. Metabolic rate, definition of, i, 484. Metabolic rate test, calculation from data, i, 487. — difficulty in making satisfactory determinations of area of body sur- face and hence of • heat production, i, 487. — function) of internal secretion of thyroid acting as basis for, i, 476. — methods of direct and indirect cal- orimetry, i, 488. — respiration calorimeter, brought to high degree of perfection, by Atwater and Benedict (1905), i, 485. closed circuit type, Benedict's, de- scription of, i, 485. — gasometer type, and method of use, i, 486. portable apparatus, recently de- vised by Benedict, i, 486. -Buhner's (1894), i, 485. — uses of, i, 489. Metabolic studies, in Bence-Jones pro- tein, cases excreting, tables of Solin and Denis, iv, 490, 491. 788 GENERAL INDEX Metabolic studies, in Bence-Jones pro- tein, cases excreting, Hopkins and Savory (multiple myeloma case), iv, 492, 493. Hopkins -and Savory (three different cases), iv, 494, 495. of Seegelken (multiple myelo- ma), iv, 495, 496. of Walters (multiple myelo- ma), iv, 496, 497, 498. — of renal calculi, calcium metabolism, iv, 459. cystin calculi, iv, 468. magnesium metabolism, iv, 460. oxaluria and oxalate calculi, iv, 462. phosphaturia and phosphate stones, iv, 458. phosphorus metabolism, iv, 458. uraturia and uric acid calculi, iv, 465. — xanthin calculi, iv, 467. Metabolic theory of Addison's disease, ii, 286. Metabolism, abnormal, Bence-Jones protein as a product of, iv, 490. — acid-alkali, effect on, of anesthetics, general, chloroform and ether, iii, 762. of antipyretics, iii, 771. of mercury, iii, 756. — of opiates, iii, 766. — acid-base, effect on, of arsenic, iii, 754. — of phosphorus, iii, 750. — action of epinephrin on, pharmaco- dynamic, i, 128. — action on, of -light, iii, 893. — activity of yeast cells, von Liebig's discussion of, iii, 54. — alkalinity, effect on, of purins, iii, 780. — analysis of, in human beings, by Barral, iii, 38, 39. — and edema, cell, iv, 166. inorganic, iv, 166. — protein, iv, 166. — and parathyroids, calcium, of bones and teeth, i, 573. — and the endocrin system in relation to ophthalmology, disorders of, endo- crin therapy in ophthalmology, ii, 803. introduction to, ii, 753. ocular affections and eye symp- toms, ii, 775. ocular affections of pituitary ori- gin, ii, 791. Metabolism, and the endocrin system in relation to ophthalmology, ocular morphology, ii, 781. — ocular physiology, ii, 766. vitamines and the visual organ, ii, 800. — See also Ophthalmo - endocrin system. — and the spleen, ii, 666. — anomalies of, in cystinuria, iv, 535. — bacterial, chemical requirements for — bacterial development, iii, 668. — energy, iii, 669. — structural, iii, 669. — chemistry of, iii, 678. — phases of, iii, 678. — reactions, iii, 680. general nature of products of bac- terial growth, arising from utiliza- tion of proteins and of carbohydrates for energy, diphtherial toxin, iii, 669. — indol formation, iii, 670. — protein-liquefying enzymes, formation of, iii, 670. — general relations between surface and volume of bacteria and the gen- eral energy requirements of bacteria, iii, 665. — influence on, of saprophytism, parasitism, and pathogenism, iii, 666. intestinal bacteriology, iii, 690. — adolescent and adult, iii, 696. exogenous intestinal infections, iii, 706. — of normal nurslings, iii, 691. — sour milk therapy and, iii, 700. nitrogenous, illustrative date, iii, 676. quantitative measures of, iii, 674. significance of, iii, 663. sour milk therapy and, iii, 700. specificity of action of pathogenic bacteria, and its relation to proteins and carbohydrates, iii, 673. — basal, iii, 130; iii, 607. basal metabolic rate, Boothby and Sandiford, iii, 610. — — comparison of, per kgm. and per sq. meter, of surface, table, iii, 610. described by Bidder and Schmidt, iii, 60. effect on, of blood transfusion, iii, 828. of radiation, iii, 883. facts regarding, from Lavoisier's respiration experiments, iii, 25. — formula for predicting in healthy adults, iv, 32. GENERAL INDEX 789 Metabolism, basal, in anemia, iii, 822; iv, 567. in children, iv, 32. — in exophthalmic goiter, i, 336. emaciation i, 337. — fever, i, 337. in fever, and Van't Hoff's law, iv, 121. influence on, of age, iii, 612. of increased water ingestion, iii, 279. of physical characteristics, iii, 608. of sex, iii, 614. in leukemia, iv, 567. in pneumonia, lobar, iv, 125. — in shock, iv, 257. in vegetarian diet, iii, 400. meaning of term, iv, 31. of children, up to puberty, iii, 649. awake and sleeping, iii, 658. influence on, of muscular ac- tivity, iii, 654. of sex, iii, 652. of fat and thin boys, table, iii, 658. of infants, from two weeks to one year of age, iii, 642. — influence of age, iii, 645. of infants, new-born, iii, 632. influence of crying, iii, 637. — of sex, iii, 635. -principles of, i, 476, 484. relation to, of thyroid, i, 476. — basal level, iii, 130. • — basal rate of, iii, 130. — bile, digestive action of, in making materials more fluid, iii, 59. relation of excretion of to total ingesta and excreta of body, Bidder and Schmidt, iii, 58. — bile-pigment, regulatory function of liver in, iv, 558. — body temperature, effect on, of epi- nephrin, iii, 781. -of narcotics, iii, 760. of opiates, iii, 765. of purins, iii, 779. of uranium, iii, 758. and heat production, effect on, of cocain, iii, 777. — bone, abnormal, cause of, iv, 752. calcium, iv, 738, 739. effect on bone composition of cal- cium, magnesium and strontium con- tent of diet, iv, 742. • etiology of disturbances of, acro- megaly, iv, 761. Metabolism, bone, etiology of disturb- ances of, adrenal glands, iv, 766. — arteriosclerosis, iv, 761 . — calcareous metastases, iv, 761. — calcification of muscles and or- gans, iv, 761. — diet deficient in calcium, iv, 764. — divergence of nature of, iv, 766. — food shortage, iv, 769. — hypophysis cerebri, iv, 767. — obstructive jaundice, iv, 761. osteomata and calcification of various tissues, iv, 763. — other than pregnancy and lac- tation, iv, 761. oxalic acid or oxalates in food, iv, 768. — parathyroid glands, iv, 767. — renal stones, iv, 761. — thymus, iv, 767. — thyroid gland, iv, 766. — transmittable infectious agent in osteomalacia and rickets, iv, 766. — vitamines, iv, 769. in different stages of osteomalacia, iv, 770, 771. — magnesium, iv, 739, 740. — normal, iv, 735. — overproduction and bone disease, iv, 769. — phosphate, iv, 739. — ratio of Ca : Mg (normal and in osteomalacia), in bone ash, iv, 741. — in dried bone, iv, 741. — sulphur percentage in dried bone, iv, 743. — calcium, iv, 459. — carbohydrate, dermatoses associated with disturbances of, iv, 703. — disturbances of, other than in dia- betes, glycuronic acid, iv, 305. — fructosuria, iv, 296. — heptosuria, iv, 304. galactosu-ria, iv, 301. — introduction, to, iv, 289. lactosuria, iv, 301. — maltosuria, iv, 303. — pentosuria, iv, 292. effect on, of oxygen-lack, iv, 543. — in nephritis, iv, 343. — in typhoid fever, iv, 109. — in undernutrition, iv, 10. — calcium, dietary studies on calciunj deficiency and tetany, i, 535. of bones and teeth, i, 573. parathyroids and, i, 63, 534. 790 GENERAL INDEX Metabolism, calcium, studies on cal- cium pharmacology, i, 534. — calculation of, Bischoff and Voit, iii, 69. its difficulties, von Liebig on, iii, 48. — caloric value of meat, von Liebig, iii, 49. — carbohydrate, absorption, iii, 249. sugar of the blood, iii, 250. antiketogenesis, iii, 271. — carbohydrate, carbohydrate tolerance in hypothyroidism, i, 492. — experimental and clinical, i, 491. digestion, iii, 248. action of ptyalin, iii, 248. gastric, iii, 249. intestinal, iii, 249. — salivary, iii, 248. effect on, of acids and alkalies, iii, 737. of alcohol, iii, 764. of anesthetics, general, chloro- form and ether, iii, 761. of antipyretics, iii, 770. of arsenic, iii, 754. of blood poisons, iii, 744. of calcium, iii, 731. of carbon monoxid, iii, 743. of cocain, iii, 777. of cyanids, iii, 748. of epinephrin, iii, 781. of mercury, iii, 756. of opiates, iii, 766. of phlorizin, iii, 759. of phosphorus, 749. of pituitary substances, iii, 785. of purins, iii, 780. of roentgen rays and radio-ac- tive substances, iii, 883. of saline cathartics, iii, 719. of sodium chlorid, iii, 722. of strychnine, iii, 775. of thyroid gland substance, iii, 783. of uranium, iii. 757. endocrine and nerve control of glycogenesis, glycogenolysis and glu- colysis, iii, 257. adrenals, iii, 257. pancreas, iii, 258. pituitary, iii, 261. sympathetic nervous system, iii, 257. thyroid, iii, 260. entering into discussion of inter- nal secretions, i, 63. Metabolism, carbohydrate, fat forma- tion from carbohydrate, iii, 268. — functions of carbohydrates in the diet, iii, 271. — influence of carbohydrates on in- termediary metabolism of fat, iii, 271. — in Graves' disease, alimentary glycosuria, i, 338. — associated diabetes mellitus, i, 339. — hyperglycemia, i, 339. transitory spontaneous glycosu- ria, i, 339. in history of endocrin glands, i, 63. — in hypothyroidism, i, 394. — blood sugar, r, 492. — experimental and clinical, i, 491. — intermediary, iii, 261. — in tetany, i, 635. — introduction to, iii, 213. minimum, iii, 411. — of rectal feeding, iii, 811. relation to, of thyroid, i, 491. tolerance, iii, 254. glycogenesis and, iii, 255. glucolysis and, iii, 256. — standard of, iii, 255. — carbon, quantity of computed by Bidder and Schmidt, iii, 61. — catalase, effect on, of epinephrin, iii, 781. — of purins, iii, 780. — cell, and edema, iv, 166. — chlorid, in pneumonia, lobar, iv, 127, — classification of foodstuffs, von Lie- big's nitrogenous or plastic, iii, 50. non-nitrogenous or respiratory, iii, 50. — conversion of protein into fat and into sugar, Yoit, iii, 73. — conversion of sta.rch into fat, Yoit, iii, 73. — creatin, in blood, iii, 175. muscle, iii, 174. in urine, iii, 176. — creatinin, in blood, iii, 177. in muscles, iii, 177. in urine, iii, 177. — disturbances of (thyroid). See Thy- roid gland, disturbances of metabo- lism. — effect on, of acids, iii, 733. of acids and alkalies, iii, 732. of alcohol, iii, 764. of alkaline earths, calcium, iii, 726. GENEKAL INDEX 791 Metabolism, effect on, of alkaline earths, magnesium, iii, 727. of alkaline waters, iii, 849. of aluminum, iii, 732. of amino-acids, iii, 774. of ammonia, iii, 773. of anesthetics, general, chloro- form and ether, iii, 760. of antimony, iii, 753. of antipyretics, iii, 767. of arsenic, iii, 753. of asphyxiants, iii, 740. of atrophin, pilocarpin, etc., iii, 774. of blood poisons, iii, 744. of blood transfusion, basal me- tabolism, iii, 828. nitrogen metabolism, iii, 828. of boracic acid and borax, iii, 740. . of bromids, iii, 724. of calcium, iii, 727. of camphor, iii, 776. of carbon dioxid, iii, 741. of carbon monoxid, iii, 742. of chloroform, iii, 760. of chromates, iii, 1 758. cinchophen (atophan), iii, 772. of copper, iii, 758. of cocain, iii, 777. of curare, iii, 776. of cyanids, iii, 745. of endocrin drugs, epinephrin, iii, 780. parathyroid gland substances, iii, 785. pineal gland, iii, 785. pituitary, iii, 784. prostate gland, iii, 785. testis, iii, 785. spleen, iii, 785. thymus gland, iii, 785. thyroid gland substance, iii, 782. of epinephrin, iii, 780. — of ether, iii, 760. of ethylhydrocuprein, iii, 772. of ethylenediamin, iii, 773. of food, iv, 33. of high altitude, iii, 910. — of hot baths, iii, 860, 861. — of hydrazin, iii, 773. — of hypnotics, iii, 763. — of hypophysis feeding, i, 739. — of anterior lobe, i, 745. — of posterior lobe, i, 762. — of iodin and iodids, iii, 724. of iron, iii, 755. Metabolism, effect on, of iron waters, iii, 851. — of iso-amylamin, iii, 773. — of lead, iii, 758. of light, iii,- 893. of magnesium, iii, 727. — of mercury, iii, 755. of narcotics, iii, 760. — of opiates, iii, 765. — of oxygen, iii, 740. — of parathyroid gland substances, iii, 785. — on phenylethylamin, iii, 773. — of phlorizin, iii, 759. — of phosphorus, iii, 748. of pilocarpin, atropin, etc., iii, 774. — of pineal gland feeding, iii, 785. — of pituitary substances, iii, 784. — of pituitary substances, anterior lobe, iii, 785. — of platinum, iii, 758. — of prostate gland substances, iii, 785. — of purins, iii, 778. - of quinin and its congeners, iii, 772. — of radium, iii, 758. — of salt baths, iii, 863, 864. — of salts, iii, 718. — of santonin, iii, 776. — of sodium chlorid, iii, 719. — salt fever, iii, 720. — salt glycosuria, iii, 722. — salt starvation, iii, 723. — of spleen, iii, 785. — of strychnine, iii, 775. — of temperature and humidity, iii, 902. — of testis feeding, iii, 785. — of thymus gland substances, iii, 785. — of thyroid administration, i, 86. of thyroid gland substance, iii, 782. — of tyramin, iii, 773. — of water, iii, 717. — deficiency of water, iii, 717. — mineral waters, iii, 718. — of zinc, iii, 758. — energy, and embryonic growth, iii, 616. and growth, iii, 615. — differences between growth and maintenance, iii, 615. embryonic, iii, 616. post-embryonic, iii, 619. 792 GENERAL INDEX Metabolism, energy, and post-embry- onic growth, iii, 619. basic principles of, iii, 583. basal metabolism. See Metab- olism, basal. conservation of energy in ani- mal organism, iii, 584. determination in part by en- vironing temperature, iii, 593. energy of muscular work defi- nitely related to potential energy of food, iii, 586. — heat production as affected by external temperature, iii, 601. indigestion of food increases metabolism, iii, 604. calorimetry, direct, iii, 567. See also Calorimetry. — indirect, iii, 515. See also Calorimetry. determined in part by environing temperature, how heat is lost from body, iii, 593. — law of surface area, iii, 594. — effect on, of acids and alkalies, iii, 736. — of calcium, iii, 730. of sodium chlo.rid, iii, 720. — of saline cathartics, iii, 718. factors determining level of, iii, 607. of infant, new-born, iii, 627. from two weeks to one year of age, iii, 640. — in undernutrition, iv, 7. mechanical efficiency of muscular work, iii, 586. methods of measuring heat pro- duction from respiratory exchange. See Respiratory exchange. methods of measuring respiratory exchange. See Respiratory ex- change. normal processes of, iii, 515. of children, up to puberty, iii, 647. of old age, iii, 658. of parturition, before and after, table, iii, 634. of pregnancy, iii, 621. comparison of energy metabo- lism in pregnant and non-pregnant women, table, iii, 625. • origin of, in non-nitrogenous food, iii, 586. relative value of different food- stuffs as a source of energy in muscu- lar wark, iii, 590. Metabolism, energy, surface area, law of, iii, 594. — law of, criticism of, iii, 597. — measurement of, iii, 595. — relation of, to body weight, iii, 598. — See also Muscular energy, iii. — energy relation^, importance of in- sisted on by Rubner, iii, 76. — error of. See Alkaptonuria. — fat, absorption, from the intestine, iii, 194. — changes in fats during, iii, 196. — emulsification, iii, 200. — factors in, iii, 197. — paths of, iii, 196. — stomach, iii, 190. — and blood lipoids, iii, 445. — digestion, in the intestines, iii, 193. — emulsification, iii, 200.- — factors in, iii, 197. — in stomach, iii, 189. effect on, of alcohol, iii, 765. — of anesthetics, general chloro- form and ether, iii, 762. — of cocain, iii, 777. of mercury, iii, 756. of opiates, iii, 766. — of oxygen-lack, iv, 544. — of phlorizin, iii, 759. of phosphorus, iii, 748. — of saline cathartics, iii, 718. of thyroid gland substance, iii, 784. — of uranium, iii, 758. — fat excretion, iii, 210. — in Graves' disease, i, 340. — in hypothyroidism, i, 395. — in nephritis, iv, 340. in the blood, alimentary lipemia, iii, 201. — lipoids of, iii, 204. in the intestines, absorption, changes in fats during, iii, 196. — absorption of fat, iii, 194. — paths of, iii, 196. bile, iii, 198. — digestion, iii, 193. emulsification in fat digestion and absorption, iii, 200. — factors in digestion and absorp- tion, iii, 197. — lipases of intestinal tract and digestion, iii, 192. nature of food fat, iii, 199. — pancreatic juice, iii, 192. pancreatic secretion, iii, 197. GENERAL INDEX 793 Metabolism, fat, in the intestines, pas- sage from the stomach, iii, 191. summary of, iii, 200. synthesis of fats during absorp- tion from, iii, 196. intermediary, influence of carbo- hydrates on, iii, 271. in the tissues, changes in fat, iii, 206. storing of fat, iii, 205. introduction to, iii, 183. in typhoid fever, iv, 109. in undernutrition, iv, 10. later stages of, /3-oxidation, iii, 208. ^ lipoids, compound, cephalins, iii, 187. glycolipoids, iii, 187. lecithins, iii, 186. phospholipoids, iii, 185. derived, fatty acids, iii, 187. sterols, iii, 188. simple, fats, iii, 184. waxes, iii, 185. liver in, iii, 207. minimum, iii, 410. of rectal feeding, iii, 811. passage from the stomach to in- testines, iii, 191. — — stomach, abso-rption, iii, 190. digestion, iii, 189. synthesis of fats during absorp- tion from the intestines, iii, 196. — fat ingestitfn, contents of feces fol- lowing, iii, 64. — fats and lipoids, in tetany, i, 637. — ferments, effect on, of anesthetics, general, chloroform and ether, iii, 763. effect on, of arsenic, iii, 755. — final stage of, oxidation, iii, 130. — formation of fat, von Liebig on, iii, 49. — formation of feces and absorption of bile, von Liebig on, iii, 49. — gaseous, effect on, of hot baths, iii, 861. in cretinism i, 394. in myxedema, i, 394. — general and sugar, influence on, of metabolism, ii, 246. — glucose, iv, 306. disturbances of glycosuria, iv, 306. hyperglycemia, iv, 306. — guanidin bases, effect on, of purins, iii, 780. Metabolism, heat production of body, Berthelot's observations on, iii, 77. — hemoglobin pigment, breaking down of hemoglobin, iv, 558. — history of, iii, 3. — air, its combustion and respira- tion, iii, 8, 9. beginnings of calorimetry, iii, 34. -Barral (1819-1884), iii, 38. - Boussingault (1802-1887), iii, 37. -Despretz (1792-1863), iii, 34. -Dulong (1785-1838), iii, 35. -Dumas (1800-1884), iii, 36. -Magendie (1783-1855), iii, 37. -Eegnault (1810-1878), iii, 40. — carbonic acid gas, iii, 8. — chemical revolution, iii, 14. -Black (1728-1799), iii, 15. -Cavendish (1731-1810), iii, 15. -Crawford (1748-1795), iii, 17. -Lavoisier (1743-1794), iii, 19. — resume of, iii, 29, 30. -Kutherford, Daniel (1749- 1819), iii, 16. - Scheele (1742-1786), iii, 17. classical period, iii, 4. Aristotle, iii, 5. — Galen, iii, 5. Hippocrates, iii, 4. Socrates, iii, 4. — conclusions on, iii, 78. — dark ages, Voit, Carl, iii, 5. — dawn of, iii, 3. — "insensible perspiration," iii, 4, 7. — introduction to, iii, 3. late French work, iii, 77. -Berthelof (1827-1907), iii, 77. Kichet, Charles (1850-), iii, 77. — renaissance, iii, 6. Boerhaave (1668-1738), iii, 11. - — Boyle, Kobe.rt (1621-1679), iii, 8. -Hales, Stephen, (1677-1761), iii, 11. -Haller, Albrecht, von (1708- 1777), iii, 11. -Lefevre, Nicholas (died 1674), iii, 8. Mayow, John (1640-1679), iii, 9. Key, Jean (1645), iii, 8. Sanctorius (1561-1636), iii, 7. Stahl (1660-1734), iii, 11. Stark, William (1740-1770), iii, 12. 794: GENERAL INDEX Metabolism, History of, renaissance, Van Helmont (1577-1644), iii, 8. Vinci, Leonardo da (1452- 1519), iii, 6. -Willis (1621-1675), iii, 11. respirati6n, iii, 8, 9, 10. rise of German science, Ridder, F. W. (1810-1894), and Schmidt, C. (born 1822), iii, 57. Liebig, Justus von (1803-1873), iii, 44. — Munich period of, iii, 53. Pettenkofer, Max, von (1818- 1901), iii, 64. Rubner, Max (1854-), iii, 75. -Yoit, Carl, von (1831-1908), iii, 65. — Zuntz, Nathan (1847-1920), iii, 76. science after the French Revolu- tion, iii, 30. Berzelius (1779-1848), iii, 33. -Davy, Humphrey (1778-1829), iii, 31. -Edwards, William F. (1776- 1842), iii, 32. — Gay-Lussac (1778-1850), iii, 33. Magnus (1802-1870), iii, 33. Spallanzani (1729-1799), iii, 32. — in Addison's disease, ii, 298. — in anaphylaxis, asthma, iv, 229. heat regulation, iv, 213. protein, iv, 209. respiratory, iv, 212. — urticaria, iv, 229. — in blood diseases, anemia, basal me- tabolism, iv, 567. — bothriocephalus, purin metab- olism, iv, 581. — hemolytic, iron metabolism, iv, 588. — hemolytic, purin metabolism, iv, 580. nitrogen balance, iv, 574. protein metabolism, iv, 574. purin metabolism, iv, 579. secondary, basal, iv, 568. table, iv, 569. pu.rin metabolism, iv, 580. chemical changes in nitrogenous metabolites and fats of blood, iv, 592. chlorosis, basal, iv, 568. -table, iv, 569. iron, iv, 588. • purin metabolism, iv, 580. Metabolism, in blood diseases, hemor- rhage, iron metabolism, iv, 586. influence on, of some measures of treatment, benzol, iv, 604. diet, iv, 594. rontgen-rays and radium, iv, 501. — splenectomy, iv, 596. transfusion, iv, 594. — jaundice, congenital hemolytic, purin metabolism, iv, 581. — leukemia, basal metabolism, iv, 567. table, iv, 571. — iron metabolism, iv, 589. — protein metabolism, iv, 578. — purin metabolism, iv, 579. — mineral, iv, 585. — iron, iv, 585. phosphoric acid, calcium and magnesium,- iv, 589. — sulphur, iv, 591. — pernicious anemia, basal metab- olism, iv, 568. — in cholera, iv, 147. — in cretinic degeneration, i, 449, 463. — in cretinism, gaseous, i, 394. — in diabetes, acidosis, iv, 277. — cause of impaired glucose utiliza- tion, iv, 275. — cause of underconsumption of glucose, iv, 273. — dietetic management of, iv, 280. effect on, of opiates, iii, 766. nature of internal secretion of pancreas, iv, 276. — sources of glucose supply, car- bohydrates, iv, 270. fat, iv, 272. protein, iv, 271. -total, iv, 269. - in different sexual stages, ii, 460. — in disease, influence on, or roentgen rays and radio-active substances, iii, 884. — in diseases of the bones, iv, 733. cause of abnormal bone metab- olism, iv, 752. composition, iv, 737. experiments in osteomalacia, cal- cium, iv, 744. — comparison of calcium balance in three stages of diseases, iv, 748. — intake and outgo of calcium oxid and magnesium oxid, iv, 746, 747. magnesium, iv, 745. sulphur, iv, 745. GENEBAL INDEX 795 Metabolism, in diseases of the bones, experiments in osteomalacia, ten day observation, iv, 745. experiments in rickets, iv, 748. introduction to, iv, 733. osteitis deformans, iv, 751. osteomalacia, acid action in, iv, 752. histological examination, iv, 750. puerperal, need of calcium as a cause of, iv, 756. relation of ovaries to, iv, 754. rickets, histological examination, iv, 749. summary of observations, iv, 751. — in diseases of the joints, iv, 772. arthropathies secondary to infec- tions, iv, 773. classification of arthropathies, iv, 772. — gout, iv, 772. — primary atrophic arthritis, iv, 773. tables showing results of ob- servations on, iv, 775, 776, 777. — — primary hypertrophic arthritis, iv, 773. table of nine-day observations on, iv, 774. — trophic arthropathies secondary to disease of central nervous system, iv, 772. — in diseases of respiration and circu- lation, iv, 541. arterial blood, iv, 546. — blood gases, iv, 546. constituents of urine, iv, 549. effects on, of oxygen lack, iv, 542. gaseous exchange, iv, 545, 546. inorganic salts, iv, 551. non-volatile products of metabo- lism in blood and urine, iv, 549. oxidative processes, iv, 545. — pathological effects due to oxygen lack, iv, 542. qualitative and quantitative changes, iv, 545. reduction of normal reserve, iv, 544. respiratory quotient, iv, 545. variety of ways affected, iv, 541. — venous flood, iv, 547. — in dystrophia adiposogenitalis, i,. 895. — in erysipelas, iv, 138. analyses of blood and urine, iv, 139. Metabolism, in erysipelas, respiratory, table, iv, 139. - total, iv, 138. — in exophthalmic goiter, i, 484. — basal, i, 336. — mineral, i, 340. — in fasting, iii, 309. von Liebig's observations on, iii, 46. — in fever, basal, and Van't Hoff's law, iv, 121. — caused by pa.rental injection of foreign proteins, iv, 144. — cholera, iv, 147. — in fever, effect on, of antipyretics, iii, 768. — erysipelas, iv, 138. experimental, in animals, iv, 150. — infectious diseases, iv, 148. rheumatic fever, acute, iv, 149. — scarlet fever, iv, 148. — syphilis, iv, 148. — introduction to, iv, 95. — lobar pneumonia, iv, 124. mala-rial, iv, 140. — observations on, iv, 149, 150. — toxic and non-toxic, compared, iv, 149. — tuberculosis, iv, 131. — typhoid fever, iv, 96. Van't Hoff's law and the basal metabolism, iv, 121. — influence of food on composition of urine, iii, 64. — influence of internal secretion of testes on, alterations in metabolism affecting the testes, ii, 461. — fat metabolism, ii, 463; iii, 130. gaseous metabolism, ii, 463. — metabolism in different sexual stages, ii, 460. — of carbohydrates, iii, 130. of diminished water intake, iii, 279. of increased water ingestion, iii, 277. — on basal metabolism, iii, 279. — of protein, iii, 130. — of roentgen rays and radio-active substances, in metabolism in disease, iii, 884. in normal metabolism, iii, 880. introduction to, iii, 871. of thyroid administration, i, 237. — in gastric diseases, iv, 607. atony, iv, 622. carcinoma, iv, 619. dilatation, iv, 622. 796 GEFEKAL INDEX Metabolism, in gastric diseases, gastric erosions, iv, 618. gastric neuroses, iv, 622. — gastric ulcer, iv, 618. gastritis, iv, 618. gastroptosis, iv, 621. influence of variations in diet, iv, 609. influence of variations in secre- tory and motor functions, iv, 610. influence of vitamines, iv, 610. lues iv, 621. motor disturbances, iv, 614. — hypermotility, iv, 615. — motor insufficiency, iv, 615. vomiting, iv, 614. physiology of gastric digestion, iv, 608. — polyposis, iv, 621. — pylorospasm, iv, 618. secretory disturbances, iv, 611. — hypersecretion, hyperchlorhy- dria, hyperacidity, iv, 611. — hyposecretion, hypochlorhydria, subacidity, achlorhydria, achylia, iv, 612. — in gastric disturbances of other dis- eases, iv, 623. — in gastric operations, iv, 623. — in gavage, iii, 806. — ingestion of meat, weight of feces following, iii, 58. — in gigantism, ii, 835. — in gout, general, iv, 440. introduction to, iv, 411. — in Graves' disease, carbohydrate, i, 338. fat, i, 340. — protein, i, 338. — in hyperthyroidism, carbohydrate, i, 491. — in hypothyroidism, carbohydrate, i, 394. fat, i, 395. gaseous, in myxedema and cretin- ism, i, 394. — in infancy and early childhood, iv, 781. ^ disturbances in athreptic infants, iv, 799. disturbances due to diminished capacity of certain organ systems, iv, 806. disturbances due to an excessive intake of food, iv, 782. alkaline condition of intestines, iv, 784. breast milk, iv, 788. Metabolism, in infancy and early childhood, disturbances due to an excessive intake of food, Czerny's classification, iv, 783. — excess of protein, iv, 786, 787. general symptoms, iv, 783. infantile diarrhea, iv, 788. mineral metabolism, iv, 785. — pathogenesis of, iv, 783, 786. stools in, alkaline, iv, 784. -"soap," iv, 783, 785. disturbances due to insufficient intake of food, iv, 798. disturbances due to insufficiency of certain elements in diet, iv, 802. deficiency of carbohydrates, iv, 804. deficiency of protein, iv, 804. edema, iv, 802, 803. mineral salts, iv, 805. vitamines, iv, 806. — in exudative diathesis (eczema), iv, 809. in infantile diarrhea, iv, 788. tetany or ,spasmophilia, iv, 806. — in infantilism, achondroplasiac dwarf, table, iv, 827. and bone fragility, iv, 820. — cretin dwarf, table, iv, 828. — dwarf type of Lorraine, table, iv, 826. - fat, iv, 819. - fat in the feces, iv, 820. fatty acids, table, iv, 831. intestinal, iv, 814. after partial improvement, ta- ble, iv, 830. — introduction to, iv, 813. nitrogen in the feces, table, iv, 818. nitrogen in the feces and urine, iv, 817, 819. nitrogen and sulphur distribution in urine in, iv, 814. tables, iv.. 815, 816. nitrogen in urine and feces, ta- bles, iv, 817, 819. tables, iv, 824, 825. — in infectious diseases of man, mis- cellaneous, iv, 148. — inorganic, and edema, iv, 166. — in intestinal diseases, Addison's dis- ease, diarrhea of, iv, 640. anchylostomiasis, iv, 636. appendicitis, iv, 631. carcinoma, iv, 638. constipation, iv, 632. constituents of intestinal chyme, iv, 626. GENEKAL INDEX 797 Metabolism, in intestinal diseases, diar- rhea of Addison's disease, iv, 640. diarrhea of exophthalmic goiter, iv, 640. disturbances of motor innervation of intestines, iv, 637. disturbances of secretory innerva- tion, iv, 637. disturbances of sensibility, iv, 637. enteritis, acute and chronic, iv, 629. enteropathies, congenital, iv, 636. due to alterations of lumen or position of intestines, iv, 633. neoplastic, iv, 638. nervous, iv, 637. parasitic, iv, 635. enteroptosis, iv, 635. exophthalmic goiter, diarrhea of, iv, 640. following abnormality of ductless glands, iv, 640. functions of intestines, iv, 625. absorptive, iv, 628. motor, iv, 627. secretory, iv, 626. inflammatory enteropathies, iv, 629. intestinal obstruction, iv, 633. introduction to, iv, 624. lymphosarcoma, iv, 638. mechanical factors, iv, 625. motor processes, iv, 627. ^ perforation of an ulcer, iv, 631. physiological processes of intes- tines, iv, 624. polyposis intestinalis, iv, 638. sarcoma, iv, 638. secondary to diseases of stomach, iv, 639. secretory processes, iv, 626. specific, iv, 639. syphilis, iv, 639. teniasis, iv, 636. tuberculosis, iv, 639. ulceration of intestines, iv, 630. uncinariasis, iv, 636. — in malarial fever, calorimetry, direct and indirect, iv, 144. character of foodstuffs oxidized, iv, 143. chlorids and phosphates, iv^ 144. temperature regulation in, iv, 141. - total, iv, 140. — in nephritic conditions, effect on, of purins, iii, 778. — in nephritis, amino-acids, iv, 331. Metabolism, in nephritis, carbohydrate, iv, 343. — chlorid threshold, iv, 363. — comparative value of uric acid, urea and creatinin in blood, iv, 330. creatin, iv, 327. — creatinin, iv, 326. fat, iv, 340. — increased arterial pressure, iv, 397. — in test day for renal function, iv, 372. — introduction to, iv, 311. — mineral, iv, 346. — , — nephritic toxicosis, iv, 394. — nitrogen balance, iv, 333. non-protein nitrogen of blood and tissues, iv, 319. — protein, iv, 314. — protein destruction, iv, 337. — relation of urea to total non-pro- tein nitrogen of blood, iv, 323. renal function, iv, 349. -total, iv, 312. urea of blood, iv, 321. — uremia, iv, 382. — in neuromuscular disease, iv, 707. — amyotonia congenita, iv, 730. — glucose supply, iv, 715. — myasthenia gravis, iv, 730. — oxygen supply, iv, 709. progressive muscular atrophy, iv, 730. — progressive muscular dystrophy, iv, 720. — source of energy for muscular contraction, iv, 709. — in obesity, endogenous, iv, 43. — exogenous, iv, 42. — of genital origin, iv, 46. — hypophyseal, iv, 44. physiological considerations, iv, 29. — thyrogenous, iv, 44. — in pancreatic disease, achylia pan- creatica, iv, 674. — acute toxic necrosis of pancreas, "fat necrosis," iv, 684. ^ — toxic element in, iv, 688. clinical occurrence of creator- rhea and steatorrhea, iv, 678. experimental evidence of dis- turbances of, Abelmann, iv, 658. Benedict and Pratt, iv, 661. Bernard, Claude (1856), iv, 658. I Brugsch, iv, 661. ! conclusions on, iv, 662. 798 GENERAL INDEX Metabolism, in pancreatic disease, ex- perimental evidence of disturbances of, Hildebrand and Dettner, iv, 662. Jansen's, iv, 661. Lombroso, iv, 660. McClure, Vincent and Pratt, iv, 662. Minkowski, and von Mering and Minkowski, iv, 659. Niemann, iv, 661. Pratt, Lamson and Marks, iv, 661, 662. Pratt and Spooner, iv, 661. Rosenberg, iv, 659. Sandemeyer, iv, 659. Yisentini, iv, 661. = Zunz and Mayer, iv, 659. fractional composition of fecal matter, iv, 679. hypocbylia pancreatica, iv, 674. malignant tumors, iv, 671. — or obstruction of ducts, diagnosis resting on basis of clinical tests, iv, 664. fat and nitrogen excretion, ta- bles, iv, 669, 670, 671. fatty stool, iv, 664, 665. muscle fiber in feces (creator- rhea), iv, 664, 665. observations on, iv, 665-671. obstructive jaundice, iv, 663. pancreatic calculus and its se- quel, iv, 670. question of accessory duct tak- ing over the function of main duct, iv, 664. question of patency of ducts after attempts at artificial produc- tion of a complete blockage of pan- creatic secretion, iv, 663. testing for presence of pan- cretic ferments, iv, 664. opotherapy, iv, 682. pancreatic infantilism, iv, 681. pancreatic insufficiency, iv, 674. physiological considerations, iv, 657. theory of an internal secretion of pancreas that controls food absorp- tion, iv, 675. — in pathological conditions of stom- ach and intestines, iv, 607. See also Metabolism, in gastric diseases: and Metabolism, in intesti- nal diseases. — in pneumonia (loba.r), iv, 124. acidosis, iv, 130. basal, iv, 125. Metabolism, in pneumonia, blood con- stituents, iv, 129. — chlorid, iv, 127. miscellaneous metabolites, iv, 130. nitrogen excretion, iv, 126. — in pregnancy, normal, table of, iv, 844. pathological,. iv, 835. , — blood examination by modern methods, iv, 848. changes of urea nitrogen in blood, iv, 854. cholesterol content of blood, iv, 858. — cr*eatin in blood, iv, 855. — creatinin in blood, iv, 855. eclampsia and albuminuria, iv, 835. eclampsia and liver involve- ment, iv, 836. eclampsia, and theories of cause of, iv, 838. — eclampsia, tables of, iv, 844, 845, 851. — examination of urine by mod- ern methods, iv, 839. — glycosuria, iv,l357. hepatic toxemia, table, iv, 853. — historical, iv, 835. nitrogen in the blood, iv, 851. nitrogen partition, iv, 839. pancreatic insufficiency, iv, 858. summary o?, iv, 858. — uric acid nitrogen in blood, increase of, iv, 857. — urine in experimental liver ne- crosis, iv, 842, urine in, further studies of, iv, 843. urobilinogen or urobilibin in urine, iv, 858. — in rheumatic fever, acute, iv, 149. — in scarlet fever, iv, 148. — in scurvy, of animals, iv, 885. blood examination, iv, 885. complicated by rickets, iv, 884. historical, iv, 883. mineral, iv, 883, 886. nitrogen, iv, 886. — in shock, basal, iv, 257. — in syphilis, iv, 148. — intermediate or end products of, in normal thyroid gland, i, 245. — in test day for renal function, iv, 372. — in tetany, i, 631. carbohydrate, i, 635. fats and lipoids, i, 637. GENERAL INDEX 799 Metabolism, in tetany, mineral, i, 637. nucleins and purins, i, 634. inosmic acid, i, 635. phosphorip acid, i, 635. xanthin and its derivatives, i, 634. protein, i, 632. vitamin, i, 644. — in tuberculosis, iv, 131. blood constituents, iv, 138. character of foodstuffs oxidized, iv, 134. effect of food, iv, 135. sputum, iv, 134. table of McCann and Barr, iv, 132. temperature regulation, iv, 136. total, iv, 132. — in typhoid fever, iv, 96. body weight, iv, 119. calorimetry, direct and indirect, iv, 100. carbohydrate, iv, 109. effect of food, iv, 116. • — absorption, iv, 117, 118. specific dynamic action of, iv, 118. fat, iv, 109. protein, iv, 111. regulation of body temperature, iv, 101. respiratory quotient, iv, 106. surface temperature, iv, 105. total, iv, 98. urinary constituents, iv, 120. water metabolism, iv, 106. — in undernutrition, body weight, iv, 16. breaking fast, iv, 25. -carbohydrate, iv, 10. cause of death, iv, 25. energy, iv, 7. fat, iv, 10. mineral, iv, 15. physiology of circulatory system, iv, 19. of digestive system, iv, 18. disposition and mental bal- ance, iv, 22. of excretory system, iv, 21. mental capacity, iv, 22. of muscular system, iv, 17. of nervous system, iv, 21. of respiration, iv, 21. reproductive system, iv, 23. ^ possible duration of fasting, iv, 24. protein, iv, 12. Metabolism, in undernutrition, thera- peutic use of fasting, iv, 26. — water, iv, 4. — iodin, relation of thyroid gland to, suggested by discovery of iodothyrin in body, i, 63. — isodynamic equivalents, iii, 49. — table of, von Liebig's, iii, 50. — lime, in infancy and childhood, iii. 318. — magnesium, iv, 460. — measurement of, Zuntz, iii, 76. — measurement of energy, Zuntz, iii, 77. — meat, dry, free from ash, elemen- tary analysis of, iii, 60. — meat protein, fate of, Bidder and Schmidt, iii, 61. — mineral, iii, 303. — alkalies, iii, 315. — and endocrin glands, iii, 336. ash minimum, iii, 411. calcium, iii, 316. disturbances in, accompanying pathological conditions, iii, 336. — effect on, of acids and alkalies, iii, 736. of anesthetics, general chloro- form and ether, iii, 763. of calcium, iii, 726. — of carbon monoxid, iii, 743. — of epinephrin, iii, 782. of mercury, iii, 756. — of phosphorus, iii, 750. — of purins, iii, 780. of saline cathartics, iii, 719. — of sodium chlorid, iii, 719. — of uranium, iii, 757. — in blood diseases, iv, 585. — in exophthalmic goiter, i, 340. in nephritis, iv, 346. in scurvy, iv, 883, 886. in tetany, i, 637. historical interest in, i, 587. — in undernutrition, iv, 15. iodin, iii, 332. iron, iii, 326. — influence on, of splenectomy, iv, 596. magnesium, iii, 323. neutrality regulation, iii, 333. — of infants two days of age, table, iii, 636. — phosphorus, iii, 323. salt and salt-poor diet, iii, 308. sodium chlorid, iii, 312. sulphur, iii, 332. water, iii, 311. 800 GEKEBAL INDEX Metabolism, nitrogen, determination of, in urine, titration method of Liebig, iii, 67. Volt's method, iii, 68. eifect on, of antimony, iii, 754. of arsenic, iii, 754. — of blood transfusion, iii, 828. of cocain, iii, 777. of purins, iii, 779. of sodium chlorid, iii, 721. dermatoses associated with dis- turbances of, iv, 702. in cystinuria, iv, 527. — influence on, of splenectomy, iv, 596. — nitrogen elimination, iii, 67. — non-nitrogenous constituents, of blood, origin and role of, iii, 433. — non- volatile products of, in blood and urine, iv, 549. — nucleins and purins, in tetany, i, 634. — in osmic acid, i, 635. — phosphoric acid, i, 635. — xanthin and its derivatives, i, 634. — nutrition and energy relations in- volved, as they concern the animal organism, iii, 69. — observations of various authorities on, i, 484. — ocular affections and eye symptoms in disorders of, ii, 775. — of a horse, von Liebig's observations on, iii, 48. — of alcohol, iii, 297. — and muscular work, iii, 301. distribution of, after absorption, iii, 299. — excretion of, iii, 298. — nutritive value of, iii, 297. — von Liebig, iii, 49. — of blood and blood-forming organs, pathological, blood destruction and regeneration, mechanism of, iv, 554. — newer aspects of, iv, 553. regulatory influence of spleen in, iv, 562. hemoglobin pigment metabolism, breaking down of hemoglobin, iv, 558. — building up of hemoglobin, iv, 559. — methods of determining rate of hemoglobin destruction, iv, 561. regulatory influence of spleen in blood formation and destruction, iv, 562. Metabolism, of blood and blood-forming organs, introduction to, iv, 553. — of duodenal feeding, iii, 807. — of growth, effect on, of epinephrin, iii, 782. — of purins, iii, 780. of thyroid gland substance, iii, 784. — and reproduction, effect on, of cal- cium, iii, 732. — of inorganic salts, in diseases of res- piration and circulation, iv, 551. — von Voit, iii, 68. — of normal boy, table, iv, 829. — of rectal feeding, iii, 810. — of reproduction and growth, effect on, of alcohol, iii, 765. — effect on, of antipyretics, iii, 769. — of vitamines, iii, 341. digestion and absorption of, iii, 347. — end, iii, 350. — intermediary, and physiological action, iii, 347. — oxidation of various foods, von Lie- big, iii, 49. — oxygen as cause of, passing of con- ception, iii, 71. — oxygen requirement for combustion of foods, von Liebig, iii, 50. — parathyroid glands, calcium, i, 534. — relationship between amount and quality of food and of weight, iv, 782. — symptoms coincident with varia- tions in weight curve, iv, 782. — percentage of, taking place in mus- cles during rest and activity, iii, 459. — phosphorus, iv, 458. — protein, and edema, iv, 166. — coagulation and denaturaliza- tion, iii, 100. continuance of, in body, irrespec- tive of any ingestion of protein, iii, 116, 117. digestion, iii, 101. absorption of products of, from the gastro-intestinal canal, iii, 103. schematic illustration of, in the gastro-intestinal canal, iii, 103. effect on, of acids and alkalies, iii, 739. of alcohol, iii, 300, 764. of anesthetics, general, chloro- form and ether, iii, 760. of antipyretics, iii, 769. of blood poisons, iii, 744. of carbon monoxid, iii, 743. GENERAL INDEX 801 Metabolism, protein, effect on, of cya- nids, iii, 748. — of epinephrin, iii, 782. on hot baths, iii, 861. of mercury, iii, 756. of opiates, iii, 766. of oxygen-lack, iv, 543. of phlorizin, iii, 759. of phosphorus, iii, 750. of saline cathartics, iii, 719. of saline waters, iii, 847. of thyroid gland substances, iii, 783. of uranium, iii, 757. fate of amino acids in body, ab- sorbed in the blood, iii, 104. non-nitrogenous fraction of, iii, 107. function of protein in diet, iii, 121. higher, when carbohydrate is ab- sent from diet, iii, 118. in anaphylaxis, iv, 209. in anemia, iv, 574. incomplete, Hopkins and Will- cock's experiments with, iii, 125, 126. incomplete proteins, iii, 122. Abderhalden's experiments with, iii, 123, 124, 125. Osborne and Mendel's experi- ments with, iii, 127, 128, 129. in Graves' disease, i, 338. in leukemia, iv, 578. in nephritis, iv, 314. in tetany, i, 632. fate of animo-acids in body, table summarizing, iii, 115. in the tissues, iii, 105. introduction to, iii, 81. in typhoid fever, iv, 111. in undernutrition, iv, 12. Lusk's experiments with, iii, 131. minimum and optimum. See Protein minimum and optimum. nitrogen balance and body weight, Hopkins and Willcock's experiments on, iii, 125, 126. nitrogenous equilibrium and body weight, experiments on, of Abder- halden, iii, 123, 124, 125. of rectal feeding, iii, 810. of starvation, iii, 116, 117. of Voit, iii, 68, 69. — peptones in digested protein, orig- inal views of, iii, 121. protein factor, obtaining of, iii, 116. Metabolism, protein, question of opti- mum versus minimum protein diet iii, 119. -salt formation of proteins, iii, 100. — state of negative nitrogen balance iii, 116. — state of nitrogenous equilibrium iii, 116. state of positive nitrogen balance, iii, 116. — synthesizing by animal body of its own protein from elementary ammo- acids, iii, 121. — Abderhalden's experiment, iii 122. — urea formation, iii, 105. — when fasting, tables of, iii, 116, — See also Proteins. — purin, effect on, of acids and alkalies, iii, 739. — of alcohol, iii, 300. — of calcium, iii, 732. — of cinchophen (atophan), iii, 772. — of purins, iii, 779. — purin, in anemia, iv, 579. — in leukemia, iv, 579. — reduction in, in suprarenal insuffi- ciency, ii, 108. — relation of dermatoses to disturb- ances of, iv, 693. — associated with carbohydrate me- tabolism, iv, 703. — with cardiovascular disease, iv, 699. -with diet, iv, 697. — with digestive disturbances, iv, 695. — with disturbed nitrogen metab- olism, iv, 702. — with endocrin disturbances, iv, 701. — with miscellaneous causes, iv, 703. — with nervous diseases, iv, 700. with renal disease, iv, 700. — with respiratory diseases, iv, 701. — relation of, to oxygen supply. See Oxygen supply. — relation to, of sexual glands, iv, 754. — respiratory, in anaphylaxis, iv, 212. — respiratory quotient of Bidder and Schmidt, iii, 63. — salt, of rectal feeding, iii, 812. — source of muscle power in, iii, 53. 802 GENERAL INDEX Metabolism, total, computation of, Bid- der and Schmidt, iii, 60. effect on, of acids and alkalies, iii, 736. of alcohol, iii, 299, 764. — of antipyretics, iii, 767. of arsenic, iii, 754. of carbon monoxid, iii, 742. — of opinephrin, iii, 780. of mercury, iii, 756. of narcotics, iii, 760. of opiates, iii, 765. of phlorizin, iii, 760. of phosphorus, iii, 748. of pituitary substances, iii, 784. — of purins, iii, 779. of saline cathartics, iii, 718. — of sodium chlorid, iii, 721. of thyroid substances, iii, 783. — of uranium, iii, 758. — in typhoid fever, iv, 98. — "typical food minimum," of Bidder and Schmidt, iii, 63. — ultimate disposal of products of, von Liebig's, iii, 51. — undernutrition, iii, 414. war edema, iii, 415. — uric acid excretion, effect on, of arsenic and antimony, iii, 754. — value of flavor in diet, Yoit, iii, 74. — vitamin, in tetany, i, 644. special features of, 'iii, 351. — Yoit's and Pfliiger's controversy, iii, 72, 73. — Yoit's theory of "organized protein" and "circulating protein," iii, 72. — water, effects on, of acids and alka- lies, iii, 736. of anesthetics, general, chloro- form and ether, iii, 763. — of antipyretics, iii, 770. of arsenic, iii, 755. of calcium, iii, 730. of epinephrin, iii, 781. of mercury, iii, 756. of opiates, iii, 767. of pituitary substances, iii, 784. of purins, iii, 778. of sodium chlorid, iii, 720. of uranium, iii, 757. in typhoid fever, iv, 106. in undernutrition, iv, 4. of rectal feeding, iii, 812. — work on, of Bidder, F. W. (1810- 1894) and Schmidt, C. (born 1822), iii, 57. of Eubner, iii, 75. Metabolism, work on, of Yoit, Carl von, iii, 65. of Zuntz, iii, 76. Metabolites, i, 3. — miscellaneous, in pneumonia, iv, 130. Metastatic tumors, of hypophysis, i, 801. Metchnikoff hypothesis, iii, 700. Methemoglobinemia, iii, 744. Methyl glucosides, iii, 237. Methyl pentoses, iii, 242. Microbic response, relation between diet and, in normal nurslings, iii, 691. Migraine, vagotonic, ii, 784. Milk, composition of, iii, 476. — percentage of, of human milk by periods, iii, 477. — rate of growth and, in different species, iii, 477. — variation in as between human and cow's milk, iii, 478. — constituents of, mineral, iii, 478. table of, iii, 479. — nonprotein nitrogenous, table of, iii, 478. -table of, iii, 476. — cow's, artificial feeding of, to in- fants, iii, 320. feeding of or whey of, in infantile diarrhea, effects of, iv, 795. — human, mineral constituents of, iii, 319. — importance of, in diet, iii, 421. — in rectal feeding, iii, 812. — mineral content of, iii, 478. — of different special of animals, dif- ference in, iii, 476. — physical appearance of, iii, 476. — reaction of, iii, 476. Milk secretion, and fetus, ii, 646. — and the ovary, ii, 643. — and the uterus ii, 645. — placenta as a factor in, ii, 655. an initial stimulant, ii, 655. in postpartum qualitative changes in the milk, ii, 656. — See also Lactation. Mfllon's reaction, iii, 98. Mineral constituents of adult human body, iii, 303. — alkalies, iii, 315. — arsenic, iii, 308. — calcium, iii, 316. -iodin, iii, 332. — iron, iii, 326. — magnesium, iii, 323. — of cerebrospinal fluid, iii, 473. GENERAL INDEX 303 Mineral constituents of adult human body, of different organs, iii, 303. Dennstedt and Rumpfs table of, iii, 304. Magnus-Levy's table, iii, 305. of milk, iii, 319,478. table of, iii, 479. — of muscles, iii, 305. table of, iii, 462. — of nervous tissue, Weil's table, iii, 306. — of the blood, iii, 306. calcium, iii, 450. chlorids, iii, 451. iron, iii, 451. — magnesium, iii, 451. phosphates, iii, 453. — potassium, iii, 450. sodium, iii, 450. sulphates, iii, 454. table of, iii, 307. — salt, nutritive value of, iii, 308. salt-poor diet, effect of, iii, 309. — phosphorus, iii, 323. — silica, iii, 308. — sodium chlorid, iii, 312. — sulphur, iii, 332. — water, iii, 311. Mineral metabolism, alkalies, iii, 315. — and endocrin glands, iii, 336. — calcium, iii, 316. — disturbances in, accompanying path- ological conditions, iii, 336. — effect on, of acids and alkalies, iii, 736. of aluminum, iii, 732. of anesthetics, general, chloro- form and ether, iii, 763. of calcium, iii, 726. . of carbon monoxid, iii, 743. of epinephrin, iii, 782. of magnesium, iii, 727. of mercury, iii, 756. of phosphorus, iii, 750. of purins, iii, 780. of saline cathartics, iii, 719. of sodium chlorid, iii, 719. of uranium, iii, 757. — in blood diseases, iv, 585. phosphoric acid, calcium and magnesium, iv, 589. — in hemorrhage, iv, 586. sulphur, iv, 591. — in infancy and 'early childhood, iv, 785. — in infantilism, iv, 820. Mineral metabolism, in nephritis, chlo- rids of the blood, iv, 346. — phosphates and calcium of the blood, iv, 348. — in scurvy, iv, 883. — in undernutrition, iv, 15. — iodin, iii, 332. — iron, iii, 326. — influence on, of spleen, iv, 596. — magnesium, iii, 323. — neutrality regulation, iii, 333. — of infants two days of age, table, iii, 636. — phosphorus, iii, 323. — sodium chlorid, iii, 312. — sulphur, iii, 332. — water, iii, 311. Mineral requirements, in infants, iii, 318. — of adult organism, iii, 310. — for calcium, iii, 317. — magnesium, iii, 323. — phosphorus, iii, 324, 325. — for sodium chlorid, iii, 312. for water, iii, 312. — of childhood and adolescence, iii, 321. Mineral salts, metabolic disturbances in infancy and early childhood due to insufficiency of, iv, 805. Mineral substances, in bile, iv, 649. Mineral waters, iii, 845. — alkaline waters, including carbon- ated, iii, 848. — iron, iii, 851. — radio-active, iii, 852. — saline waters, iii, .846. — arsenic, iii, 851. — bitter waters, iii, 850. — carbonated, iii, 848. — classification of, iii, 845. — diuretic property of, iii, 847. — effect of, on metabolism, iii, 718. — sulphur, iii, 851. Minkowski, Oscar, experimental dia- betes produced by excision of pan- creas (1889), i, 63. Mithridates, i, 48. Mitochondria, i, 216. — of gonads, male, ii, 425. Moebius' sign, i, 320. ^ Molecular concentration, of edema fluids, iv, 162. Molisch reaction, iii, 98. Mongolian idiocy, ocular symptoms due to, ii, 790. Mongolianism. See Infantilism. Mongolism, differentiated from hypo- thyroidism, i, 423. 804 GENEKAL INDEX Monominophosphatids of brain, iii, 470. Monosaccharids, special properties of, iii, 237. Monosaccharose, conversion of higher to lower, iii, 227. — synthesis of higher forms from, iii, 226. Moral nature, in exophthalmic goiter, i, 346. Morbo di Flajani. See Exophthalmic goiter. Morphin, in treatment of gout, iv, 453. Mors thymica, ii, 401. Motilen or peristaltic hormone, ii, 750. Motility, ocular, ii, 768. Motor activity of intestines and metab- olism, iv, 627. Motor disturbances of stomach, me- tabolism in, iv, 614. — hypermotility, iv, 615. — motor insufficiency, iv, 615. vomiting, iv, 614. Motor insufficiency of stomach, metab- olism in, iv, 615. Motor innervation of intestines, dis- turbances of, metabolism in, iv, 637. Motor pareses, in tetany, other condi- tions that may simulate, i, 681. Motor symptoms, in thyroid disease, muscular atrophy, i, 350. muscular weakness, i, 349. tremor, i, 348. — various, i, 350. Mouth and upper air passages, vasocon- stricting action of epinephrin on, i, 135. Mouth-pieces for measuring respiratory exchange, iii, 531. Mucous membrane, in hypothyroidism, i, 409. Mud baths, iii, 867. Miiller, Johannes, accepted view of phenomena of internal secretions enunciated by, i, 57. Multiglandular endocrin syndromes, ii, 939. — aspect of, ii, 883. — classification of, ii, 885. — definition of, ii, 883. — multiplicity of features, ii, 883. — pluriglandular insufficiency, insuffi- sance pluriglandulaire of Claude and Gougerot, ii, 886. — thymus-suprarenal-pituitary compen- satory syndrome (Timme), ii, 891. — Timme's, ii, 409. Multiglandular infantilism, ii, 867. Multiple myeloma, and Bence-Jones protein, metabolic study of Hopkins and Savory, table, iv, 492, 493. metabolic study of Seegelken, table, iv, 495, 496. metabolic study of Walters, tables, iv, 496, 497, 498. — myelopathic proteosuria (Kahler's disease), iv, 498. Multiplicity of the testes, ii, 474. Mumps, orchitis in, ii, 483. Murray, use of thyroid extract by, in case of myxedema (1891), i, 81, 84. Muscle, voluntary, piharmacodynamic action of epinephrin on, i, 127. Muscle fiber, in feces, in pancreatic dis- ease, iv, 664, 665. Muscle power, Frankland's comparison of, with steam engine, von Liebig's criticism of, iii, 54. — condition of, in tetany, i, 623. — contraction of, by electricity, iii, 894. — creatin content of, iii, 172. — creatin metabolism, iii, 174. — creatinin metabolism in, iii, 177. — effect on, of anaphylaxis, iv, 204. — extractives of, iii, 460. — in hypothyroidism, i, 392, 417. nitrogenous, carnosin, iii, 461. creating iii, 460. -purin bases, iii, 461. table of, iii, 462. uric acid, iii, 461. non-nitrogenous, glucose, iii, 460. glucose, iii, 460. glycogen, iii, 450. inositol, iii, 460. lactic acid, iii, 460. — magnesium in, iii, 323. — influence, on, of glucose, iv, 715. — metabolism percentage taking place in, during rest and activity, iii, 459. — mineral constituents of, iii, 305. — mineral content of muscles, table, iii, 462. — percentage of body weight comprised in, iii, 459. — proteins of, iii, 459. — source of, iii, 53. — voluntary and involuntary, iii, 459. Muscular activity, influence on, of epi- nephrin, ii, 250. on basal metabolism of children, iii, 654. Muscular asthenia, as symptom of su- prarenal insufficiency, ii, 106. GEKEKAL INDEX 805 Muscular atrophy, in thyroid disease, i, 350. — progressive, differentiated from tet- any, i, 681. metabolism in, iv, 730. — secondary to chronic arthritis, blood sugar in, iv, 722. Muscular contraction, source of energy for, iv, 709.. glucose supply, iv, 715. — oxygen supply, iv, 709. Muscular dystrophies, differentiated from tetany, i, 681. — in association with endocrine organs, anomalies in, ii, 912. asymmetrical atrophies in, ii, 911. Barsickow's group, ii, 906. Bregman's cases, ii, 910. classification of, ii, 905. combined with acromegaly, ii, 910. contractures with, ii, 910. cure of patient in, ii, 911. -Erb's group, ii, 908. — Friedreich's group, ii, 907. general course of, ii, 913. Gowers' group, ii, 908. historical, ii, 904. hypertrophied tonsils and lower jaw in, ii, 910. necropsy with, ii, 910, 911. onset, ii, 913. pineal involvement, Timme's cases, ii, 912. Prager's cases, ii, 909. sexual changes with, ii, 910. skeletal anomalies, ii, 909. symptomatology of, ii, 913. treatment of, ii, 916. types of, ii, 906. — progressive. See Progressive mus- cular dystrophy. -types of, ii, 905. Muscular energy, comparison of fat and carbohydrate as a source of, iii, 592. Muscular system, in acromegaly, i, 835. — physiology of, in undernutrition, iv, 17. Muscular weakness, due to inadequate or non-utilizable food^ supply, iv, 715. — in thyroid disease, i, 349. Muscular work, alcohol and, iii, 301. — energy of, definitely related to po- tential energy of food, iii, 586.^ — energy production of, on different 'diets, iii, 590. Muscular work, mechanical energy of, iii, 586. — relative value of different foodstuffs, as a source of energy in, iii, 590. Musset's sign, i, 325. Mustard baths, iii, 863. Mutarotatin, iii, 221. Myasthenia, Erb's, suprarenal therapy in, i, 134. Myasthenia gravis, characteristics of, i, 700. — definition of, ii, 411. — differentiated from tetany, i, 682. — etiology of, i, 700. — metabolism in, iv, 730. — nature of, ii, 411. — parathyropathic origin of, i, 700. — subacute and arrested cases of, ii, 413. — thymic tumors in, illustrative case of, ii, 411. — occurrence of, ii, 4'11. — treatment of, ii, 413. Mycoses, orchitis in, ii, 486. Myelin, in brain, iii, 470. Myelopathic proteosuria, iv, 498. Myoclonia, parathyropathic origin of, i, 700. Myoclonias, differentiated from tetany, i, 678. Myopathies, chronic, due to endocrin disorders, i, 417. Myotonia congenita. See Thompson's disease. Myotonia and tetany, i, 621, 700. Myotonic phenomena, differentiated from tetany, i, 678.^ Myxedema, as a major endocrin syn- drome, ii, 935. — differentiated from acromegaly, i, 851. — differentiated from insuffisance plu- riglandulaire of Claude and Gou- gerot, ii, 890. — experimental, produced by removal of thyroid, i, 61. — gaseous metabolism in, i, 394. — history of, i, 53. — implantation of thyroid tissue in, i, 91. — in cretinic degeneration, i, 466. — in hypothyroidism, i, 389. — ocular symptoms due to, ii, 790. — sequel of exophthalmic goiter, i, 352. — symptomatology of, i, 401. — terminology of, i, 382. — thymus therapy in, i, 14£ — thyroid treatment of, i, 87. 806 GENERAL INDEX Myxedema, thyroid treatment, changes in patient wrought by, i, 87. dosage for, i, 90, 91. effect of, on atrophied thyroid gland, i, 89. history of, i, 61. Murray's, i, 81, 84. Myxinfantilism, ii, 860. Myxomatous changes in hypophysis cerebri, i, 777. Nails, disturbances of, of autonomic origin, i, 331. — in hypothyroidism, i, 408. — in tetany, i, 614. Narcotics, effect of, on metabolism, iii, 760. — body temperature, iii, 760. total metabolism, iii, 760. Nasal disease, causing exophthalmic goiter, i, 308. Nasal mucosa, effect on, of temperature and humidity, iii, 901. Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, ovarian therapy in, i, 157. Necropsy, with muscular dystrophy, ii, 910. Necrosis, focal, of suprarenals, ii, 261. — liver, experimental, urine in, iv, 842. — of hypophysis cerebri, i, 775. • — of the pancreas, acute toxic, "fat necrosis," iv, 684. toxic element in, iv, 688. Neoplasms, of hypophysis cerebri, i, 796. — of suprarenals, in Addison's dis- ease, ii, 281. — primary, of the parathyroids, i, 570. Nephritic conditions, effect on, of pu- rins, iii, 778. Nephritic toxicosis, iv, 394. — and edema of the brain, iv, 394. — possible cause of, cholin and neurin, iv, 396. — nephrolysins, iv, 396. organic base, iv, 396. sodium chlorid, iv, 395. trimethylamin, iv, 395. — summary of, iv, 396. Nephritides, gastric disturbances in, and metabolism, iv, 623. Nephritis, acidosis in, iv, 313. diagnosis of, iv, 90. therapy for, iv, 90. type and cause of, iv, 89. Nephritis, amino-acids in, iv, 331. — and renal function, iv, 313, 349. — chlorid threshold, iv, 363. coefficient of urea excretion, iv, 357. concentration and dilution test, iv, 381. — lactose test, iv, 357. — and laws of urea excretion, iv, 360. — phthalein test, iv, 350. — potassium iodid test, iv, 357. Schlayer's theories of, iv, 355. test day for, iv, 368. tests for, iv, 350. function of the glomeruli and tubules, iv, 353. tests for urea and salt excretion, iv, 366. — blood lipoids in, iii, 446; iv, 341. — carbohydrate metabolism in, blood sugar, iv, 343. — utilization of carbohydrates, iv, 343. — chlorid threshold in, iv, 363. Atchley's observations, iv, 365. formulae of Ambard and Weil, iv, 364. McLean's observations, iv, 365. other investigation, iv, 366. — chloresterol content of blood in, iv, 342. — chronic, urea nitrogen, urin acid, and creatinin of blood in, iii, 439. uric acid, urea nitrogen and crea- tinin of blood in, iii, 439. — clinical application in, iv, 313. — comparative value of uric acid, urea and creatinin in blood in, iv, 330. — creatin in, iv, 327. — creatinin in, iv, 326. — disturbances of mineral metabolism in, iii, 336. — dyspnea in, iv, 312. Nephritis, edema, differentiated from hypothyroidism, i, 424. Epstein's dietetic therapy of, iv, 191. — edema in, iv, 312. treatment of, iv, 189. — factors in, iv, 311. , degenerative changes, iv, 311. inflammatory changes, iv, 311. renal insufficiency, iv, 311. — fat metabolism, analyses of Bloor, table, iv, 341. blood lipoids, iv, 341. GENEKAL INDEX 807 Nephritis, fat metabolism, cholesterol content of blood, iv, 342. lipemia, iv, 342. lipuria (chyluria), iv, 340. utilization of fat in nephritis, iv, 340. — high blood pressure in, iv, 313. — increased arterial pressure in, iv 397, 398. acute nephritis, iv, 398. and secondary contracted kidney, iv, 399. cause of, iv, 401. blood volume and plethora, iv, 402. epinephrin, iv, 404. increased vasomotor tone, iv, 403. insufficient renal function, iv, 401. , internal secretions derived from kidney, iv, 405. viscosity of blood, iv, 402. chronic diffuse (parenchymatous) nephritis, iv, 399. essential hypertension and pri- mary contracted kidney, iv, 400. influence on, of food products, iv, 406. nephrosis, iv, 398. occurrence of, iv, 398. — in its relation to edema, iv, 174. acute diffuse, iv, 175. — chronic diffuse, iv, 176. chronic interstitial, iv, 175. chronic parenchymatous, iv, 176. subacute, iv, 176. — injections into blood of sodium bi- carbonate, iii, 793. — lipemia in, iv, 342. — lipuria in, iv, 341. — metabolism in, amino-acids, iv, 331. analysis of, human muscle, nor- mal and nephritis, iv, 320. tissue in nephritis, iv, 321. carbohydrate, iv, 343. chlorid threshold, iv, 363. comparative value of uric acid, urea and creatinin in blood in, iv, 330. creatin, iv, 327. creatinin, iv, 326. during test day for renal function, iv, 372. fat, iv, 340. increased arterial pressure, iv, 397. introduction to, iv, 311. Nephritis, metabolism in, mineral iv 346. — nephritic toxicosis, iv, 394. — nitrogen balance, iv, 333. — non-protein nitrogen of blood and tissues in, iv, 319. — protein, iv, 314. — protein destruction, iv, 337. — relation of urea to total non-pro- tein nitrogen of blood, iv, 323. — renal function, iv, 349. — total, iv, 312. — urea of blood, iv, 321. uremia, iv, 382. — mineral metabolism in, chlorids of the blood, iv, 346. — phosphates and calcium of the blood, iv, 348. — nephritic toxicosis accompanying. See Nephritic toxicosis. — nitrogen balance in, iv, 333. — determination of, iv, 336. — effect of renal injury, iv, 335. — factors in, iv, 333. — fate of ingested nitrogen, iv, 334. — misleading, iv, 335. — table, iv, 334. — problems of, iv, 312. — protein destruction in, iv, 337. — utilization of proteins, iv, 314. — protein metabolism in, iv, 314. — relation of urea to total non-protein nitrogen of blood, iv, 323. — thyroid treatment of, i, 104. — total metabolism in, iv, 312. — acidosis, iv, 313. — and dyspnea, iv, 312. — and edema, iv, 312. clinical application, iv, 313. — high blood pressure, iv, 313. -rate of, iv, 313. — renal function, iv, 313. — uranium, alkaline treatment in, iii, 735. — urea of blood in, iv, 321. — uremia, iv, 382. — as described by Cohnheim, Julius, in 1882, iv, 384. causative agents of, possible, iv, 389. — conditions often erroneously clas- sified as, iv, 387. — definition of, iv, 382. — division of, into groups, iv, 387. — introduction to, iv, 382. more recent aspects of, iv, 387. symptom-complex dependent upon renal insufficiency, iv, 388. 808 GENERAL INDEX Nephritis, uric acid in, iii, 437. — utilization of proteins in, iv, 314. Nephrolysins, as cause) of nephritic toxicosis, iv, 396. Nerve and endocrine control of glyco- genesis, glycogenolysis and glucoly- sis, iii, 257. Nerve involvement, in dystrophia adi- posogenitalis, i, 866. Nerves, magnesium in, iii, 323. — stimulation of, by electricity, iii, 894. Nerve stimulation, in administration of gland extracts, i, 38. Nervous activity, and the breeding season, ii, 456. Nervous control of pancreas, i, 175. Nervous diseases, dermatoses associated with, iv, 700. Nervous enteropathies, metabolism in, iv, 637. Nervous manifestations, following cas- tration, i, 177. — of dystrophia adiposogenitalis, i, 894. Nervous structures, and their func- tions, influence of internal secretion of the testes upon, ii, 456. Nervous symptoms, in thyroid disease, cerebral nerve paralysis, i, 354. — epilepsy, i, 354. — hysteria, i, 353. paralysis agitans, i, 354. paraplegia and hemiplegia, i, 353. tabes dorsalis, i, 354. tetany, i, 354. - Thomson's disease, i, 354. tuberculosis, i, 355. — of Addison's disease, ii, 294. — of menopause, ii, 620. Nervous system, autonomic, symptoms, of, in suprarenal insufficient, ii, 112. — See Autonomic nervous system. — central, action of internal secretions on, i, 76. in cretinic degeneration, i, 461. — control by, of epinephrin output, ii, 134. — difference between autonomic and central or cerebrospinal, i, 73. — effect on, of undernutrition or fast- ing, iv, 21. — exophthalmic goiter, as due to changes in the sympathetic, i, 312. as due to changes in the vegeta- tive, i, 313. — in cretinic degeneration, i, 466. — in hypothyroidism, i, 389. — in obesity, iv, 36. Nervous system, non-vegetative, action of epinephrin on, pharmacodynamic, i, 128. — relation of tonus of, to internal se- cretions of ductless glands, i, 74, 75. — to parathyroid tetany, i, 531. Nervous theory of Addison's disease, ii, 283. Nervous tissue, mineral constituents of, iii, 306. Neumann's experiments on protein minimum and optimum, iii, 402. Neurasthenia, attributed to hypoad- renia, ii, 323. — differentiated from exophthalmic goiter, i, 359. — from hypothyroidism, i, 425. — from status thymicolymphaticus, ii, 408. Neurin, as cause of nephritic toxicosis, iv, 396. Neuritis, peripheral, differentiated from tetany, i, 681. Neuro-endocrin control of intra-ocular tissue, ii, 769. Neuro-endocrinology, ophthalmic, ii, 757. Neurogenic theory of exophthalmic goiter, i, 311. Neurohypophysis, pigmentation in, i, 777. Neurological practice, ovarian therapy in, i, 158. Neuromuscular disease, metabolism in, iv, 707. — amytonia congenita, iv, 730. — glucose supply, iv, 715. myasthenia gravis, iv, 730 oxygen supply, iv, 709. progressive muscular atrophy, iv, 730. progressive muscular dystrophy, iv, 720. source of energy for muscular contraction, iv, 709. Neuromuscular symptoms, associated with thyroid disease, cerebral, i, 348. -motor symptoms, i, 348. sensory, i, 347. special senses, i, 348. Neuropathic edema, iv, 158. Neuropathies, of postulated parathy- ropathic origin, chorea minor, i, 700. hyperparathyroid psychosis, i, 701. myasthenia gravis, i, 700. myoclonia, i, 700. Parkinson's disease, i, 698. Thompson's disease, i, 699. GENEKAL INDEX 809 Neuroses, gastric, metabolism in, iv, 622. — war, attributed to hypoadrenia, ii, • 323. Neurosis, general, exophthalmic goiter as, i, 312. Neutrality regulation, iii, 732. New-born infant. See Infant, new- born. New growths, as cause of diabetes in- sipidus, iv, 864. — of hypophysis cerebri, with asso- ciated obesity, i, 906. — of the ovary, ii, 606. Nicotin, action of, on epinephrin out- put, ii, 147, 148. Nitrobenzene poisoning, blood transfu- sion in, iii, 833. Nitrogen, amount of, excreted in urine, table of, iii, 405. — and salt, elimination of, in test day for renal function, iv, 377. — blood, comparative nitrogen parti- tion of urine and, in per cent of total non-protein nitrogen, table, iii, 434. — non-protein, iii, 432. urea, iii, 435. total, iii, 432. uric acid, iii, 437. — creatinin, in blood, in pregnancy, iv, 855. — cystin, in proteins, iv, 519. — determination of, in urine, titration method of Liebig for, iii, 67. -Volt's method, iii, 68. — elimination of, iii, 67. — excreted in urine, in fasting rnan, iv, 13. — in feces, iii, 504. — in infantilism, intestinal, iv, 818. — and urine, in infantilism, iv, 817, 819. — in the blood, in pregnancy, iv, 851. rest, iii, 442. — in the sweat, iii, 513. — in the urine, iii, 485. and feces, in infantilism, tables, iv, 817, 819. nitrogenous substances, iii, 507. — non-protein, in blood and tissues in nephritis, iv, 319. of cerebrospinal fluid, iii, 472. — urea, in blood, in pregnancy, changes in, iv, 854. in nephritis, table of, iii 439. — uric acid, in blood, in pregnancy, increase of, iv, 857. Nitrogen, urinary, methods of calculat- ing from respiratory exchange and, iii, 563. Nitrogen balance, in anemia, iv, 574. — in leukemia, iv, 578. — in nephritis, iv, 333. determination of, iv, 336. effect of renal injury, iv, 335. factors in, iv, 333. - fate of ingested nitrogen, iv, 334. misleading, iv, 335. table, iv, 334. — negative, iii, 116. — negative, in typhoid, table show- ing, iv, 115. — positive, iii, 116. Nitrogen distribution in urine, in in- fantilism, iv, 814. -tables, iv, 815, 816. Nitrogen elimination and intake, in typhoid fever, iv, 111. Nitrogen equiliBrium, bringing normal man into, iv, 115. — in typhoid fever, food required to bring patients into, iv, 116. Nitrogen excretion, in pneumonia, lo- bar, iv, 126. Nitrogen gas, "residual air," discovery of, by Rutherford, iii, 16. Nitrogen hunger, Landergren's method of determining changes in nitrogen metabolism, iv, 148. Nitrogen intake, lowest value for, with maintenance of equilibrium, iii, 407. Nitrogen metabolism, dermatoses asso- ciated with disturbances of, iv, 702. — effect on, of antimony, iii, 754. — of arsenic, iii, 754. — of blood transfusion, iii, 828. of cocain, iii, 777. — of purins, iii, 779. of sodium chlorid, iii, 721. — in anaphylaxis, iv, 212. — in cystinuria, iv, 527. — influence on, of splenectomy, iv, 596. — in scurvy, iv, 886. Nitrogen minimum, iii, 401. — "wear and tear quota" of Rubner, iv, 114. Nitrogenous constituents, of milk, iii, 478. — of urine, effect on partition of, of anemia, iv, 583. Nitrogenous equilibrium, iii, 116. — and body weight, Abderhalden's ex- periments on, iii, 123, 124, 125. Nitrogenous metabolites and fats of blood, chemical changes in, iv, 592. 810 GENEKAL INDEX Nitrogenous substances, in the urine, iii, 507. Nitrogen partition, in anemia, iv, 583. hemolytic, iv, 584. — in chlorosis, iv, 584. — in pathological metabolism of preg- nancy, iv, 839. — in pernicious anemia, iv, 584. — of urine and blood, comparative, in per cent of total non-protein nitro- gen, table of, iii, 434. Nocturnal polyuria, in test day for renal function, iv, 374. Normal leucin, iii, 86, 109. Nose-pieces, for measuring respiratory exchange, iii, 532. Nuclei, of gonads, male, ii, 425. Nucleic acid, animal, iii, 145. and plant iv, 416. — characteristic constituents of, iv, 415. — chemical part, iii, 135. — decomposition, enzymatic, of com- bined purins, iii, 158. — distribution of, purine ferments, iii, 154. — formation of, oxy-purins from amino-purines, iii, 151. — uric acid from, iii, 150; iv, 419. — from oxy-purins, iii, 151. — guanylic acid, iii, 141, 142. — hydrolytic products of, iv, 416. — inosinic acid, iii, 141. — physiological decomposition of, iii, 148. — physiological destruction of uric acid, iii, 153. — plant, iii, 135. — purin bodies disintegration products of, iv, 415. — synthesis of uric acid and, iv, 421. — thymus, partial decomposition prod- ucts of, iii, 147. — yeast, dextro-ribose, iii, 136. — fundamental groups of, iii, 136. — nucleosides of, iii, 143. — nucleotide linkages of, iii, 140. — nucleotides of, iii, 139. — pentose, iii, 136. — purine derivatives, iii, 137. amino-purines, adenine, iii, 137. guanine, iii, 137. chemical relation of amino- and oxy-purines, iii, 138, 139. oxy-purines, hypoxanthine, iii, 137, 138, Nucleic acid, yeast, purin derivatives, oxy-purines, uric acid, iii, 137, 138. xanthine, iii, 137, 138. pyrimidine derivatives, iii, 136. cytosine, iii, 137. uracil, iii, 137. six substances of, iii, 136. Nuclein, iv, 415. Nucleins and purins, in tetany, inosmic acid, i, 635. — phosphoric acid, i, 635. xanthin and its derivatives, i, 6#4. Nucleoprotein, formation of uric acid in urine from, iii, 495. Nucleoproteins, i, 29; iv, 415. Nucleosides, yeast, iii, 143. Nucleotide linkages of yeast nucleic acids, iii, 140. Nucleotides of yeast nucleic acid, iii, 139. Nurslings. See Infants. Nutrition, and energy relations in- volved, as they concern the animal organism, iii, 69. — and vitamines, iv, 242. Nutrition, borderline malnutrition, iv, 250, 251. — cereal products in, degerminated and decorticated, iv, 245. diet consisting solely of, iv, 244, 246. — diet consisting solely of cereal grains, iv, 244, 246. — diets successful in, types of, iv, 245. — effects of undernutrition, iv, 247. — Aron's experiments, iv, 247. — other observations on, iv, 248. — experimental observations of effects on, of deficient diets, iv, 243. — ideal of, during period of growth, iv, 242. — important changes in viewpoint re- lating to, iv, 243. — intra-ocular tension in relation to secretion and, ii, 768. -level of, iii, 416. Nutritional factors, in hypothyroidism, i, 385. Nutritional processes, iv, 239. — requirements of, iv, 239. food constituents, iv, 239. — synthesization of complex organic compounds from simple one, iv, 240. Nutritive value of alcohol, iii, 297. Nycturia, in test day for renal func- tion, iv, 377, GENERAL INDEX 811 Obesities, differentiated from hypothy- roidism, i, 425. Obesity, clinical description of, iv, 33. — definition of, iv, 29. — endogenous, adiposis dolorosa or Dercum's disease, iv, 40. and pineal gland, iv, 39. and the adrenal gland, iv, 39. definition of, iv, 37. genital, iv, 39. metabolism in, iv, 43. — of hypophyseal origin, iv, 37. thyrogenous, iv, 37. treatment of, iv, 49. — exogenous, iv, 34. factors in, age, iv, 34. heredity, iv, 34. race, iv, 34. sex, iv, 34. metabolism in, iv, 42. other detrimental effects of, iv, 36. relation of, to diabetes, iv, 36. to gout, iv, 36. symptomatology of, iv, 34. alimentary tract, iv, 35. circulation, iv, 34. kidneys, iv, 35. liver, iv, 35. lungs, iv, 35. nervous system, iv, 36. pancreas, iv, 35. sexual apparatus, iv, 35. treatment of, iv, 47. — fasting in treatment of, iv, 27. — genital origin of, metabolism in, iv, 46. — hypophyseal, metabolism in, iv, 44. — in dystrophia adiposogenitalis, i, 896. — in pineal gland lesions, i, 909. — lipomatosis distinguished from, iv, 36. — metabolism in, in endogenous form, iv, 43. in exogenous form, iv, 42. in genital form, iv, 46. in hypophyseal form, iv, 44. in thyrogenous form, iv, 44. — of hypogeiiital origin, ovarian ther- apy in, i, 157. — physiological considerations of, iv, 29. — pituitary (anterior) therapy in, i, 120. — pituitary therapy for, i, 112. — thyrogenic, as sign of hypothyroid state, i, 406. — — metabolism in, iv, 44, Obesity, thyroid treatment of, i, 96. — treatment of, in endogenous form, iv, — in exogenous form of, iv, 47. Obstruction of the bowels, metabolism in, iv, 633. Obstructive jaundice, causing decalci- fication of bones, iv, 761. — concomitant to obstruction of pan- creatic duct, iv, 663. Occupation, as factor in cretinic de- generation, i, 449. — exophthalmic goiter, i, 306. — in tetany, idiopathic, i, 646. those to be avoided, i, 684. — cramps, differentiated from tetany, i, 678. Occupational therapy, in treatment of tetany, i, 693. Ochronosis, relationship between alkap- tonuria and, iv, 514. Ocular affections and eye symptoms in disorders of metabolism, ii, 775. — of pituitary origin, ii, 791. — dyspituitarism with failing vision, ii, 793. — hereditary optic nerve atrophy, (Leber's Disease), ii, 792. in hypophyseal disease, amaurotic family idiocy, ii, 792. — bitemporal limitation, later hemianopsia, ii, 791. — iritis, ii, 796. — skin affections of eye, ii, 797. — blepharitis and red lids, ii, 797, 798. — conjunctivitis, other forms of, ii, 799. — due to senility, ii, 799. — eosinophilia, ii, 797. falling out of lashes and eye- brows, ii, 797. — lymphatic states, ii, 799. — organotherapy for, ii, 798. — phlyctemilnr keratitis and con- junctivitis, ii. 799. — styes, ii, 798. — uveitis, ii, 795. — vascular disturbances, ii, 793. Ocular angioneurotic edema, ii, 771. Ocular disease, etiological relations of, to affections of the organism, ii, 773. Ocular disturbances, in tetany, crystal- line lens, i, 616. Ocular hemorrhage, ii, 775. — attributed to tuberculosis, ii, 793. — lid, ii, 795. — prognosis of, ii, 795, 812 GENEKAL INDEX Ocular hemorrhage, retinal, ii, 795. — subconjunctival, ii, 795. — therapeutic indications of, ii, 795. Ocular malformations and degenerative processes, ii, 758. Ocular melanosis, ii, 764. Ocular morphology, ii, 781. — cycloplegics in eye-strain, ii, 786. — exophthalmic goiter, ii, 788. — hormone deficiencies and ocular af- fections, ii, 790. — hyperthyroidism, ii, 789. — Mongolian idiocy, ii, 790. — myxedema, ii, 790. — ocular sympathetico-tonia, ii, 787. — ocular vagotonia, ii, 783. — parathyroid privation, ii, 790. — pituitary eye, ii, 782. -thyroid eye, ii, 782. Ocular motility, ii, 768. Ocular physiology, ii, 766. — albuminuria, ii, 779. — constitutional disease, ii, 778. — diabetes, ii, 779. — diabetic cataract, ii, 779. — disorders of sexual apparatus, ii, 780. — endocrin disturbances, ii, 778. — gastro-intestinal auto-intoxication, ii, 776. — glaucoma, ii, 770. — intestinal parasites, ii, 776. — intoxications, ii, 781. — intra-ocular tension in relation to nutrition and secretion, ii, 768. — motility, ii, 768. — neuro-endocrin control of intra- ocular tissue, ii, 769. — ocular affections and eye symptoms in disorders of metabolism, ii, 775. — ophthalmia hepatica, ii, 775. — pellagra, ii, 778. — pupillary reactions, ii, 766. — renal disease, ii, 779. — rheumatism, and arthritic states, ii, 778. — treatment of, ii, 779. — syphilis, ii, 780. — tear secretion, ii, 767. -teeth, ii, 777. — trichinosis, ii, 776. — tuberculosis, ii, 780. — winking, ii, 767. Ocular pigment, ii, 761. — and race, ii, 762. — atrophy, ii, 762. — in histology of ocular tissues, ii, 762. • — lack of (albinism), ii, 764. Ocular pigment, of iris, ii, 763. — of lids, ii, 763. — photo-chemical reactions in the ret- ina associated with, ii, 762. — relation of, to hair, ii, 763. — source of, ii, 761. Ocular pigmentation, anomalies of, ii, 764. albinism (lack of ocular pigment), ii, 764. — heterochromia, ii, 765. — ocular melanosis, ii, 764. — retinitis pigmentosa, ii, 765. Ocular signs, of autonomic origin, ma- jor, i, 317. Dalrymple's sign, i, 319. — Graefe's, von, sign, i, 319. — Jeffrey's sign, i, 320. Moebius' sign, i, 320. pathogenesis of, i, 321. protrusio bulborum, i, 318, 322. - Stellwag's sign, i, 319. Suker's sign, i, 320. minor, anisocoria, i, 323. -Gifford's sign, i, 323. glistening eye and epiphora, i, 323. — Jellinek's sign, i, 324. Loewi's sign, i, 323. — paresthesias, i, 324. — Riesman's sign, i, 324. — Rosenbach's sign, i, 324. — of exophthalmic goiter, i, 359. Ocular sympatheticotonia, ii, 787. Ocular symptoms, in exophthalmic goiter, ii, 788. — in hypothyroidism, i, 412. -in tetany, i, 594, 611. — of acromegaly, i, 844. Ocular tonus, ii, 769. Ocular vagotonia, ii, 783. Oestrous cycle, comparison of men- strual cycle and, ii, 588. — oestrus period proper, ii, 581. — postoestrous period, ii, 581. — pro-estrus, ii, 581. — schematic outline of coordinated changes in ovary, uterus and vaginal smear during, in the rate, ii, 583. — succession of events in, ii, 579. — time consumed by, in rate, ii, 580. Oestrus period, ii, 581. Oestrus, precursor of ovulation in mam- malia, ii, 579. Old age, energy metabolism of, iii, 658. Olfactory sense, in hypothyroidism, i, 412. GENEKAL INDEX 813 Oligomenorrhea, due to hypogenitalism, ii, 624. Oliver and Schafer, discovery of pitu- itrin by (1895), i, 65, 66. — first isolation of epinephrin by i, 68. Ophthalmia hepatica, ii, 775. Ophthalmic findings, in dystrophia adi- posogenitalis, i, 868. Ophthalmic neuro-endocrinology, ii, 757. Ophthalmic pharmacodynamics, ii, 803. Ophthalmo-biology, ii, 768. Ophthalmo-endocrin system, endocrin therapy in ophthalmology, ii, 803. — ocular affections of pituitary origin, ii, 791. — ocular morphology, ii, 781. — ocular physiology, ii, 766. — phylogenesis of, ii, 757. cataract, the lens, ii, 760. senile, ii, 761. corneal changes in senility, ii, 761. ocular malformations and degen- erative processes, ii, 758. ocular pigment, ii, 761. ophthalmic neuro-endocrinology, ii, 757. ophthalmo-biology, ii, 758. — vitamines and the visual organ, ii, 800. — and endocrinology, ii, 754. race and heredity, ii, 755. sex and heredity, ii, 756. — endocrin therapy in, ii, 803. epinephrin, ii, 804. ophthalmic pharmaco-dynamics, ii, 803. seasonal incidence, ii, 804. — metabolism and endocrin system in relation to, disorders of, ii, 753. Opiates, effect of, on metabolism, iii, 765. acid-alkali, iii, 766. body temperature, iii, 765. carbohydrate, iii, 766. fat, iii, 766. in diabetes, iii, 766. protein, iii, 766. temperature of the body, iii, 765. total, iii, 765. water, iii, 767. Opisthotonos, in tetany, i, 591. Opotherapy, in pancreatic disease, iv, 682. Opsonins, i, 9. Optic nerve atrophy, hereditary, ii, 792. "Optimal" caloric diets in diabetes iv 285. Orchitis, acute, by the efferent duct, gonorrheal, ii, 482. — hematogenous, ii, 484. — influenza, ii, 484. - Malta fever, ii, 485. — meningitis, ii, 485. — mumps, ii, 483. pneumoniar ii, 484. — pyemia, ii, 484. — pyocyaneus, ii, 485. — rheumatic fever, ii, 485. — scarlatina, ii, 484. — typhoid fever, ii, 485. vaccinia, ii, 485. — variola, ii, 485. — non-gonorrheal, 483. — chronic echinococcus cysts, ii, 486. — filariasis, ii, 486. glanders, ii, 486. — leprosy, ii, 486. — malarial orchitis, ii, 486. — mycoses, ii, 486. — syphilis, ii, 485. — tuberculosis, ii, 485. Organ grafting, i, 36. — autografting and heterografting, i, 36. — in thyroid treatment of myxedema, i, 36. — processes causing destruction of graft, i, 37. — reactions of host to implanted graft, i, 37. > — securing of nutrition adequate to keep graft alive, i, 37. -testes, i, 36. — value of, as experimental method, i, 37. Organ transplantation, parathyroid. See Parathyroid transplantation. Organic acids, salts of, effects of, on metabolism, iii, 725. Organic form, mechanism involved in production of, i, 181. Organic phosphorus, iii, 752. Organotherapy, acromegaly in, pitui- tary, posterior, i, 112. Organic theory of goiter, i, 453. pituitary (whole) therapy in, i, 122. — action of glandular preparations, pharmacodynamic, i, 81. substitionally, as first believed, i, 81. 814 GENERAL INDEX Organic theory of goiter, among the ancients, i, 81. — connecting link between that of an- cients and of to-day, i, 81. — definition of, as differentiated from hormonotherapy, i, 82. — for dystrophia adiposogenitalis, i, 910. — deficiency syndrome, i, 911. — pituitary (anterior), i, 120. — pituitary, anterior lobe, i, 911, 924. — hypophyseal, i, 912. posterior lobe, i, 922. -whole gland, i, 112, 912, 920, 922. . — redistribution of fatty by, i, 913. tables showing, i, 914-918. -thyroid, i, 911. — for skin affections of eye, ii, 798. — greatest measure of success in, with thyroid gland, i, 84. — history of, i, 81. — in acute suprarenal insufficiency (acute hypoadrenia), suprarenal, i, 132. — in Addison's disease, suprarenal, i, 131. — in arthritis deformans, thymus, i, 144. — in chorea, parathyroid, i, 111. thymus, i, 144. — in circulatory failure of infectious diseases, suprarenal, i, 132. — in climacteric hypertension, ovarian, i, 158. — in collapse of infectious diseases, su- prarenal, i, 133. — in cretinism, thymus, i, 143. thyroid, i, 88. — in dementia precox, thymus, i, 144. — in diabetes insipidus, pituitary, pos- terior, i, 112. — in disturbances of female genital organs, pituitary, posterior, i, 112. — in dysmenorrhea, ovarian, i, 158. — in eclampsia, parathyroid, i, 111. — in epilepsy, parathyroid, i, 111. pituitary (anterior), i, 121. : (whole) therapy in, i, 122. thymus, i, 144. — in Erb's myasthenia, suprarenal, i, 134. — in exophthalmic goiter, i, 368. pituitary, posterior, i, 113. thymus, i, 143. thyroid, i, 94. — in goiter, simple, thymus, i, 143. Organic theory of goiter, in goiter, thyroid, i, 93. — in headache pituitary, pituitary (whole) therapy in, i, 122. — in hypothyroidism (myxoedeme fruste), thyroid preparations, i, 92. — in impotence, pituitary (anterior), i, 121. testicular, i, 145. — in mental defectives, pineal, i, 123. — in myxedema, thymus, i, 143. — thyroid preparations, i, 87. — in nausea and vomiting of preg- nancy, ovarian, i, 157. — in neurological practice, ovarian, i, 158. — in obesity, i, 96. of hypogenital origin, ovarian, i, 157. — in osteomalacia, pituitary (anterior), i, 121. — in paralysis agitans, parathyroid, i, 110. — in parathyroid insufficiency, para- thyroid, i, 110. — in pituitary obesity, pituitary, i, 112. pituitary (anterior), i, 120. — in pluriglandular dysfunction or hypofunction, pituitary (anterior) therapy in, i, 121. — in psychoses of adolescence, pitui- tary (whole) therapy in, i, 123. — in sterility, ovarian, i, 158. — in tetany, i, 685. — parathyroid, i, 106. parathyroid transplantation, i, 686. — substitution therapy, i, 685. with pituitary and thyroid, i, 691. — in tumors, pituitary, pituitary (whole) therapy in, i, 122. — in uterine fibroids, mammary, i, 148. — lactagogs, mammary gland extracts, i, 148. placental extract, i, 147. — mammary, as a lactagog, i, 148. in uterine fibroids, i, 148. — modern, beginning of, i, 81. — of hypophysis cerebri, i, 111. acromegaly, i, 112. diabetes insipidus, i, 112. disturbances in functions of female genital organs, i, 112. exophthalmic goiter, i, 113. See also Hormonotherapy, hy- pophyseal. GENEKAL INDEX 815 Organic theory of goiter, oldest thera- peutic notions of, i, 47, 48. administration of viscera or ex- creta of animals, i, 47. antispasmodics, i, 49. Bordeu's de, doctrine, i, 47 ; i, 50. Chthonian cult of ancient Greeks, i, 48. • "filth pharmacopeias," i, 48. Greek and Roman, i, 47. in Egyptian medical papyri, i, 47. London pharmacopeias of seven- teenth and eighteenth centuries, i, 47. medieval doctrine of signatures, i, 48. observations bearing on endemic goiter, in antiquity, i, 50. observations bearing on universal interest in giants and dwarfs, i, 49. polypharmacy, Arabian, of theri- acs and mithridates, i, 48. banished by Heberden (1745), i, 48. — ovarian, for obesity of hypogenital origin, i, 157. in climacteric hypertension, i, 158. in dysmenorrhea, i, 158. in nausea and vomiting of preg- nancy, i, 157. in neurological practice, i, 158. in sterility, i, 158. physiologic action of, i, 155. preparations available for, i, 153. — pancreatic, absence of, i, 148. — parathyroid, in chorea, i, 111. in eclampsia, i, 111. in epilepsy, i, 111. in paralysis agitans, i, 110. in parathyroid insufficiency, i, 110. in tetany, i, 108. — pineal, i, 123. — pituitary, anterior, i, 119. in dystrophia adiposogenitalis, i, 120. — in epilepsy, i, 121. in impotence, i, 121. in osteomalacia, i, 121. in pituitary obesity, i, 120. in pluriglandular dysfunction or hypof unction, i, 121. posterior (hypophysis cerebri), i, 111. acromegaly, i, 112. diabetes insipidus, i, 112. Organic theory of goiter, pituitary, posterior, disturbances in functions of female genital organs, i, 112. — exophthalmic goiter, i, 112. (whole), i, 121. — in acromegaly, i, 122. in epilepsy, i, 122. - in pituitary headache, i, 122. in psychoses of adolescence, i, -in tumors of the pituitary, i, 122. — placental, as a lactagog, i, 147. — suprarenal, i, 131. in acute suprarenal insufficiency (acute hypoadrenia), i, 132. - in Addison's disease, i, 131. — in circulatory failure of infec- tious diseases, i, 132. — — in collapse of infectious diseases, i, 133. -ifi Erb's myasthenia, i, 134. — in suprarenal insufficiency (hypo- adrenia), i, 134. — testicular, Brown-Sequard's conclu- sions on, i, 145. claims and experiments on, 145 ; i, 146. historical interest of, i, 144. — thymus, i, 142. — exophthalmic goiter, i, 143. in arthritis deformans, i, 144. in chorea, i, 144. in cretinism, i, 143. in dementia precox, i, 144. — in epilepsy, i, 144. - in goiter, simple, i, 143. — in myxedema, i, 143. — thyroid, empiric and symptomatic, i, 98. See also Thyroid therapy. in cretinism, i, 88. in exophthalmic goiter, i, 94. in goiter, i, 93. — in hypothyroidism (myxoedeme fruste), i, 92, 426. in myxedema, i, 87. — in obesity, i, 96. — types of, hormonal ferment therapy, i, 82. — hormonal immunotherapy, i, 82. hormonal therapy through aug- mentation of function, i, 82. pharmacodynamic hormonother- apy, i, 82. reciprocal hormonotherapy, i, 82. substitutional hormonotherapy, i, 82. vicarious hormonotherapy, i, 82. 816 GEKEKAL INDEX Organic theory of goiter, unsatisfactory nature of reports published on, i, 83. Ornithin, iii, 89, 113, 685. Osazones, iii, 235. Osborne and Mendel's experiments il- lustrating physiological value of amino acids, iii, 127, 128, 129. Osmosis, iv, 184. Osmotic pressure, lymph production and edema, iv, 184. Osones, iii, 235. Osseous system, in cretinic degenera- tion, i, 463. — in cretinism, i, 390. — in hypothyroidism, i, 390. Osteitis deformans, and arteriosclero- sis, iv, 765. — causes of, iv, 765. — histological examination in metabo- lism study of, iv, 751. — See Paget's disease. Osteo-arthritis, metabolic. See Arthri- tis deformans. Osteo-arthropathy, hypertrophic pul- monary, differentiated from acro- megaly, i, 848. Osteogenesis imperfecta, process in, iv, 765. Osteomalacia, and adrenal glands, iv, 766. — and arteriosclerosis, iv, 761. — and hypophysis, iv, 767. — and mineral metabolism, iii, 339. — and oxalic acid or oxalates in food, iv, 768. — and parathyroid glands, iv, 767. — and thyroid glands, iv, 766. — associated with exophthalmic goiter, i, 353. — characteristics of, i, 696. — composition of bones in, iv, 738. calcium oxid percentage, iv, 738, 739. magnesium oxid percentage, iv, 740. magnesium percentage, iv, 739. disproportionate increase of, in artificial osteomalacia, iv, 741. magnesium phosphate percentage, iv, 740. phosphate percentage, iv, 739. sulphur percentage, iv, 743. — diagnosis of, i, 697. — due to deficiency of calcium in diet, iv, 764. negative calcium balance induced by oxalic acid or oxalates in food, iv, 768. Osteomalacia, effect on, of ovariotomy, i,67. — induced by glucose injections, iv, 768. — induced by lactose injections, iv, 768. — metabolism experiments in, iv, 744. calcium, iv, 744. calcium balance, comparison of, in three stages of disease, iv, 748. intake and outgo of calcium oxide and magnesium oxide in, iv, 746, 747. magnesium metabolism, iv, 745. sulphur metabolism, iv, 745. ten day observation, iv, 745. — metabolism in, acid action, iv, 752. during different stages of, iv, 770, 771. — histological examination, iv, 750. — summary of observations, iv, 751. — pituitary (anterior) therapy in, i, 121. — puerperal, castration in, iv, 755, 759. chemical evidence on, iv, 756. clinical evidence on, iv, 757. fetus in, iv, 757. histological investigations on, iv, 757. need of calcium as a cause of, iv, 756. summary of evidence on, iv, 758, 759. — relation of ovaries to, iv, 754. to rickets, iv, 734. — spontaneous, in animals, due to cal- cium-poor diet, iv, 764, 765. — suprarenal therapy in, empiric, i, 140. — synonym for, i, 696. — transmittable infectious agent in, iv, 766. Osteopathies, of postulated parathyro- pathic origin, osteomalacia, i, 696. Paget's disease, i, 697. Osteoporosis, and acromegaly, iv, 761. Ostitis deformans, differentiated from acromegaly, i, 851. Ostitis, familial hyperplastic and de- forming, differentiated from acro- megaly, i, 850. Ovarian extracts, physiological action of, i, 155; ii, 557. of corpus luteum, ii, 560. Ovarian hyperfunction, ii, 593. Ovarian hypofunction, ii, 594. — primary involvement, ii, 594. GEKEKAL INDEX 817 Ovarian hypofunction, primary in- volvement, congenital hypoplasia of reproductive system, ii, 594. corpus luteum persistans, ii, 595. cystic degeneration of ovary, ii, 594. — secondary ovarian impairment, ii, 595. causes of, unknown in exact mode of operation, ii, 596. drugs, ii, 596. endocrin upsets, ii, 595. systemic diseases, ii, 596. trophic disturbances, ii, 595. Ovarian residue, therapy of, i, 155. Ovarian secretion, clinical syndromes referable to disturbances of, ageni- talism, due to castration in early life, ii, 616. due to castration in later life, ii, 617. due to congenital absence of both ovaries, ii, 616. hypogenitalism, primary and sec- ondary, ii, 616. quantitative disorders, ii, 615. Ovarian therapy, in amenorrhea, ii, 597. — in climacteric hypertension, i, 158. — in dysmenorrhea, i, 158. — in nausea and vomiting of preg- nancy, i, 157. — in neurological practice, i, 158. — in obesity of hypogenital origin, i, 157. — in sterility, i, 158. — introduction to, i, 153. — physiologic action of, i, 155. — preparations available for, i, 153. corpus luteum extract, i, 154. soluble, i, 154. extract of entire ovary, i, 153. ovarian residue, i, 155. Ovaries, absence of, congenital, ageni- talism due to, ii, 616. total or partial, ii, 604. — adenomata of, ii, 607. — arrested development of, errors due to, ii, 605. — carcinoma of, ii, 607. — changes in, incident to defective uterine pregnancy, ii, 607. — climacteric changes in, ii, 608. — connective tissue of, pathological, processes of, ii, 602. — deficient development of, as endo- crin organs, ii, 605. — dennoids of, ii, 607. Ovaries, development of, arrested, er- rors due to, ii, 605. — deficient, as endocrin organs, ii, 605. — excessive, as endocrin organs, ii, 605. — excessive development of, as endo- crin organs, ii, 605. — excision of, Battey operation, i, 66. effects of, i, 67. — beneficial effect of, on esteomala- cia, i, 67. producing artificial change of life, i, 67. when normal, for relief of neu- rotic condition, i, 66. dual, as endocrin organs, ii, 602. — gonococcal infections of, ii, 603. — grafting or transplantation of, in previously ovariotomized women, i, 67. — hemorrhages of, ii, 606. — infections of, complicating the acute fevers, ii, 604. — influence of, during adult life, ii, 613. — during fetal life, ii, 611. — during infancy and childhood, ii, 612. — on general organism of woman, ii, 611. — on generative tract, amenorrhea and oligomenorrhea due to hypo- genitalism, ii, 624. — clinical syndromes referable to •disturbances of ovarian secretion, ii, 615. dysmenorrhea, primary, ii, 631. functional uterine bleeding, ii, 634. — menopause, ii, 618. puberty, precocious, ii, 630. — role of, in menstruation, ii, .614. — in senescence, i, 24. — interstitial cells of, ii, 602. — tumors of, ii, 606. — morphological pathology of, as endo- crin organs, ii, 601. — changes due to abnormal or ar- rested development, deficient develop- ment as endocrin organs, ii, 605. excessive development as endo- crin organs, ii, 605. hermaphroditism, ii, 604. changes incident to defective uterine pregnancy, ii, 607. climacteric changes, ii, 608. 818 GENERAL INDEX Ovaries, morphological pathology of, errors due to arrested development, ii, 605. gonococcal infections, ii, 603. hemorrhages, ii, 606. infection complicating the acute fevers, ii, 604. new growths, ii, 606. septic infection, ii, 483. tubercular infections, ii, 603. types of tissue, ii, 601. — connective, ii, 602. interstitial cells, ii, 602. — oogenetic, ii, 602. — new growths of, ii, 606. adenomata, ii, 607. carcinoma, ii, 607. — dermoids, ii, 607. teratoma, ii, 607. — oogenetic tissue of, ii, 602. • new growths of, ii, 606. — pathology of, morphological. See Ovaries, morphological pathology of. — relation of, to osteomalacia, iv, 754. — septic infection of, ii, 603. — teratoma of, ii, 607. — tissue of, types of, ii, 601. connective, ii, 602. interstitial cells, ii, 602. — oogenetic, ii, 602. — transplantation of, autoplastic, ii, 554. by Carmichael, ii, 555. by Grigorieff (1897), ii, 554. -by Knauer (1896, 1899, 1900), ii, 554. by Magnus (1907), ii, 555. more easily carried out than homoplastic, ii, 555. the only form of real service, ii, 557. by Marshall and Jolly (1905, 1907), ii, 555. for study of relation between ovary and mammary gland, ii, 556. homoplastic, ii, 554. by Morris (1906), ii, 554. uterine degeneration prevented by, ii, 555. occurrence of cyclical changes as in normal ovaries, ii, 555. uterine degeneration prevented by, temporary nature of, atrophy eventually following, ii, 555, 556. — tubercular infections of, ii, 603. — tumors of, hirsutismus associated with, ii, 357. Ovaries, tumors of, pubertas precox associated with, ii, 350. after puberty, ii, 553. before puberty, ii, 552. — in animals, ii, 553. Ovary, anatomy of, of corpora lutea, ii, 544. — of interstitial cells, ii, 537. — and mammary activity, ii, 642. — and mammary gland, influence of corpus luteum on its growth, ii, 567. — and milk secretion, ii, 643. — anomalies of, hermaphroditism, ii, 604. — artificial production of corpora lutea, ii, 565. — artificial production of deciduomata, ii, 565. — chemistry of, ii, 557. — of corpus luteum, ii, 560. — comparative anatomy of corpora lutea, in avians, ii, 546. — in mammals, ii, 547. — comparative distribution of inter- stitial cells of, ii, 539. — constituents of, ii, 551. — corpora lutea of, anatomy of, ii, 544. artificial production of, ii, 565. comparative anatomy 'of, in avians, ii, 546. — in mammals, ii, 547. histology of, ii, 547. — cell inclusions, ii, 547. cytology, ii, 547. secretory phenomena, ii, 547. mechanism of formation, ii,. 546. retrogressive changes in, ii, 546. source of, ii, 545. — corpus luteum, and mammary ac- tivity, ii, 643. chemistry of, ii, 560. extirpation of, ii, 563. function of, ii, 567. influence of, on growth of mam- mary gland, ii, 567. physiological action of extracts of, ii, 560. structure of, ii, 558. — cyclical changes in, ii, 551. in interstitial cells, ii, 569. occurring in transplanted ovaries, ii, 555. — cystic degeneration of, producing amenorrhea, ii, 594. — deciduomata, artificial production of, ii, 565. — embryology and development of, of interstitial cells, ii, 538. GENERAL INDEX 819 Ovary, extirpation of corpus luteum of, ii, 563. — extract of, corpus luteum, i, 154. soluble, i, 154. entire, i, 153. — function of, of corpus luteum, ii, 567. of interstitial cells, ii, 570. — histology of corpora lutea, ii, 547. cell inclusions, ii, 547. — cytology, ii, 547. secretory phenomena, ii, 547. — hypertrichosis in relation to, ii, 627. — internal secretion of, in interstitial cells, ii, 570. — — absence of, in certain species, ii, 569. anatomy of, ii, 537. appearance of, ii, 569. comparison between cells of the testes and, ii, 569. — comparative distribution, ii, 539. cyclical changes in, ii, 569. embryology and development of, ii, 538. function of, ii, 570. internal secretion of, ii, 570. morphological aspects of, ii, 569. not clearly separable from other fundamental ovarian tissue, ii, 575. origin of, ii, 569. significance of, ii, 568. structure, ii, 540. theory now held by majority of writers, ii, 570. theory of heat production by, ii, 570. — interstitial gland of, and mammary activity, ii, 644. — mechanism of formation of cor- pora lutea, ii, 546. — physiological action of extracts of, ii, 557. of corpus luteum, ii, 560. — prepubertal, and its role in deter- mining the secondary sex characters, ii, 573. — relation of mammary gland and, ii, 556. — retrogressive changes in corpora lutea, ii, 546. — role of, in menstruation, ii, 614. mechanism of menstruation, ii, 615. which constituent is concerned with, ii, 614. — schematic outline of coordinated changes in smear of, during oestrous cycle of the rate, ii, 583. Ovary, source of corpora lutea, ii, 545. — structure of corpus luteum, ii, 558. — structure of interstitial cells of, ii, 540. Overgrowth, bodily, associated with pineal disease, ii, 53. Ovo-testis, ii, 329. Ovulation, ii, 576. — changes in entire reproductive tube provoked by, ii, 579. — conditions of, in mammalia in gen- eral, ii, 578. — impending, anatomical criteria for, ii, 577. — oestrous cycle preceding, oestrous period proper, ii, 581. postoestrous period, ii, 581. pro-oestrus, ii, 581. succession of events in, ii, 579. time consumed by, in white rats, ii, 580. — oestrous, precursor of, in mamma- lia, ii, 579. — postovulatory period, ii, 581. — relation, chronological, of menstrua- tion to, ii, 588. — time of, in man, ii, 586. Oxalate calculi, dietetic and medicinal treatment of, iv, 470. Oxalate formation of, iv, 464. — resorption of, in digestive canal, iv, 463. Oxalates, effects of, on metabolism, iii, 725. — in food, negative calcium balance and osteomalacia due to, iv, 768. Oxalic acid, excretion of, iv, 464. — exogenous sources of, iv, 463. — formation of, iv, 463. — and creatin, iv, 464. — in food, negative calcium balance and osteomalacia due to, iv, 168. • — in urine, ii, 499 ; iv, 463. Oxaluria, definition of, iv, 462. — diet scheme in, iv, 471. Oxidation of carbohydrates, iii, 227. — of glucose, iii, 251. Oxidative processes, in diseases of res- piration and circulation, iv, 545. Oxyacids and derivatives, aromatic, iii, 499. Oxygen, and carbonic acid gas, Spal- lanzani's experiments, iii, 32. — as cause of metabolism, passing of conception of, iii, 71. — discovery of, by Priestley, iii, 16. by Scheele, iii, 17. 820 GENERAL INDEX Oxygen, effect of, on metabolism, iii, 740. — oxygen deficiency, iii, 740. — from arterial blood, by Humphrey Davy, iii, 31. — in the blood, iii, 455. — content of, iii, 455. — arterial, iii, 456. — in pathological conditions, iii, 457. — relation between quantity exhaled as carbon dioxid and quantity con- sumed, iii, 41. Oxygen capacity of blood, effect on, of blood transfusion, iii, 823. Oxygen consumption, effects on, of hot baths, iii, 860, 861. Oxygen content of blood in heart fail- ure, iv, 172. Oxygen deficiency, iii, 740. — blood alkalinity in, iii, 741. • — lactic acid excretion in, iii, 741. Oxygen-lack, effects of, iv, 542. — acidosis, iv, 544. — emergency compensations, iv, 542. — incomplete combustion, iv, 543. of carbohydrates, iv, 543. — of fats, iv, 544. — of proteins, iv, 543. — lactic acid, iv, 543. — on metabolism, iv, 542. Oxygen requirement for combustion of foods, von Liebig, iii, 50. Oxygen supply, relation or, to metabo- lism, facts on, iv, 714. misconceptions of, Krehl, iv, 709. Lusk, iv, 709. — pathological conditions attrib- uted to incomplete oxidation, iv, 710. — place of oxidation, iv, 712. source of, in Lavoisier's writ- ings, iv, 711. new theories of, iv, 713. credit for, iv, 714. Pfliiger, iv, 713, 714. Voit, iv, 712, 713, 714. place of oxidation, correct and incorrect theories of, iv, 712. Oxyprolin, iii, 90, 114. Oxy-purines, chemical relation of, with amino-purines, iii, 138. — formation of, from amino-purines, 151. — formation of uric acid from, iii, 151. — hypoxanthine, iii, 137, 138. -uric acid, iii, 137, 138, 139. — xanthine, iii, 137, 138. Paget's disease, etiology and patho- genesis of, i, 698. — occurrence of, i, 697. — synonymy for, i, 697. Pain, of acromegaly, i, 847. Palate, in acromegaly, i, 831. Palpitation of the heart, in exophthal- mic goiter, i, 325. — in hypertrophied heart, i, 325. Paltauf, Arnold, status thymicolym- phaticus first established by, i, 55. Pancreas, acute toxic necrosis of — "fat necrosis," iv, 684. — toxic element in, iv, 688. — anatomy of, ii, 689. — blood supply, ii, 691. comparative, ii, 692. innervation, ii, 691. — and autonomic system, hormone fac- tors in glycogenolysis, i, 176. — nervous control of pancreas, i, 175. — puncture glycosuria, i, 175. — and diabetes, ii, 698, 700, 701, 702. production of, by removal of pan- creas, ii, 703. — as endocrin gland, fact established, ii, 731. — position of, ii, 697. — blood supply of, ii, 691. — chart of, of overfunction and under- function of, ii, 957. — comparative anatomy of, ii, 692. — cytology of, ii, 692. — A cells, ii, 694. - B cells, ii, 694. — indifferent cells, ii, 694. — development of, ii, 691. — discovery of internal secretion in, as well as digestive function, i, 63. — disorders in function of, in hyper- thyroidism, i, 346. — disturbances of, associated with ac- romegaly, i, 840. — excision of, producing diabetes, ex- perimental, i, 63. — embryology of, ii, 691. — endocrinal conception of, ii, 697. early anatomico-physiologic con- ceptions, ii, 699. early clinical observations on co- incidence of pancreatic disease and diabetes, ii, 700. evolution of, ii, 699. experimental ligation of pancre- atic ducts, ii, 705. island-theory of internal secre- tion, ii, 706. GE1STEKAL INDEX 821 Pancreas, endocrinal conception of, pathological changes in Islands in diabetes, ii, 707. researches as to nature of inter- nal secretion, ii, 7l£. sugar function of pancreas, dem- onstration of, ii, 702. Dominicis, ii, 703. von Mering and Minkowski (1889-1890), ii, 702. von Mering and Minkowski, fur- ther progress of, ii, 703. — experimental extirpation of, Abel- mann, iv, 658. Benedict and Pratt, iv, 661. Bernard, Claude, iv, 658. — — Brugsch, iv, 661. conclusions on, iv, 662. Hildebrand and Dettner, iv, 662. Jansen, iv, 661. Lombroso, iv, 660. McClure, Vincent and Pratt, iv, 662. — Minkowski, and von Mering and Minkowski, iv, 659. • Niemann, iv, 661. — Pratt, Lamson and Marks, iv, 661, 662. — Pratt and Spooner, iv, 661. — Rosenberg, iv, 659. — Sandmeyer, iv, 659. - Visentini, iv, 661. — Zunz and Mayer, iv, 659. — function of, diabetes as result of loss of, ii, 702. interference with, by disease, iv, 658. sugar, conclusions of Minkowski on, ii, 704. demonstration of, ii, 702. — functions of, iv, 657. — growth of, ii, 692. — histology of, cytology, ii, 692. histologic morphology, ii, 692. — in obesity, iv, 35. — influence of, on glycogenesis, glyco- genolysis and glucolysis, iii, 257. — innervation of, ii, 691. a ferment with glycolytic power, ii, 704. — internal secretion of, etiology of dis- turbances of, ii, 723. first recognition of, ii, 704. island-theory of, ii, 706. nature of, ii, 731 ; iv, 276. relation of secretion to, ii, 748. researches as to nature of, ii, 712. Pancreas, internal secretion of, that controls food absorption, iv, 675. - in tetany, i, 629. — malignant tumors of, iv, 671. — ' — fat and nitrogen excretion in, ta- ble, iv, 671. — metabolism in, iv, 671. -morbid changes of frequent occur- rence in, ii, 723. -morphology of, ii, 689. histologic, ii, 692. — nature of, iv, 657. — necrosis of, acute toxic — "fat necro- sis," iv, 684. — toxic element in, iv, 688. — organotherapy of, absence of, i, 148. — origin of, ii, 691. — overfunction of, chart of, ii, 957. -reaction of, to experimental condi- tions, ii, 695. — relations of, ii, 689. — to diabetes, ii, 695. — to other endocrin organs, ii, 718. - thyroid, ii, 926. — secretion of, iv, 657. — secretory phenomena of, ii, 695. — spleen and, ii, 664. — sugar function of, conclusions of Minkowski on, ii, 704. demonstration of, ii, 702. — technical methods of investigation of, ii, 689. — theory of an internal secretion of, that controls food absorption, iv, 675. — underfunction of, chart of, ii, 957. Pancreatectomy, glycosuria following, observations on, ii, 713-718. Pancreatic calculus, and its sequel, iv, 670. Pancreatic diabetes, differentiated from phloridzin diabetes, ii, 703. — discovery of, its importance, ii, 705. — Pfliiger's idea of "duodenal diabetes" and nervous origin of diabetes as op- posed to, ii, 712. — theories of, Allen's statement (1921), ii, 720. Brown, W. Langdon (1920), ii, 721. Eppinger and Falta, ii, 722. Herxheimer (1920), ii, 723. -Kraus (1920), ii, 722. Newburgh and Marsh (1921), ii, 721. Pancreatic digestion, influence on, of water, iii, 289. 822 GENERAL INDEX Pancreatic disease, and diabetes, early clinical observations on coincidence of, ii, 700. — creatorrhea, clinical occurrence of, iv, 678. — fecal matter in, fractional composi- tion of, iv, 679. — metabolism in, acute toxic necrosis of pancreas — "fat necrosis," iv, 684. toxic element in, iv, 688. experimental evidence of dis- turbances of, Abelmann, iv, 658. — Benedict and Pratt, iv, 661. Bernard, Claude (1856), iv, 658. Brugsch, iv, 661. conclusions on, iv, 662. Hildebrand and Dettner, iv, 662. Jansen, iv, 661. Lombroso, iv, 660. McClure, Vincent and Pratt, iv, 662. Minkowski, and von Mering and Minkowski, iv, 659. Niemann, iv, 661. Pratt, Lamson and Marks, iv, 661, 662. — Pratt and Spooner, iv, 661. Rosenberg, iv, 659. Sandmeyer, iv, 659. -Visentini, iv, 661. Zunz and Mayer, iv, 659. fractional composition of fecal matter, iv, 679. malignant tumors, iv, 671. — opotherapy, iv, 682. — pancreatic infantilism, iv, 681. pancreatic insufficiency (achylia pancreatica, bypochylia pancreatica), iv, 674. physiological considerations, iv, 657 theory of an internal secretion of the pancreas that controls food ab- sorption, iv, 675. — opotherapy in, iv, 682. — or obstruction of ducts, metabolism in, diagnosis resting on basis of clinical tests, iv, 664. fat and nitrogen excretion, ta- bles, iv, 669, 670, 671. -fatty stool, iv, 664, 665. muscle fiber in feces (creator- rhea), iv, 664, 665. observations on, iv, 665-671. obstructive jaundice, iv, 663. Pancreatic disease, or obstruction of ducts, metabolism in, pancreatic cal- culus, and its sequel, iv, 670. question of accessory duct tak- ing over the function of main duct, iv, 664. question of patency of ducts after attempts at artificial produc- tion of a complete blockage of pan- creatic secretion, iv, 663. testing for presence of pan- creatic ferments, iv, 664. — prognosis of, iv, 683. — signs of, clinical, iv, 676. — steatorrhea, clinical occurrence of. iv, 678. — stools in, iv, 676, 677. fractional composition of, iv, 679. See also Creatorrhea and Steator- rhea. Pancreatic duct, closed, fat and nitro- gen excretion in, iv, 669. — ligation of, experimental, ii, 705. Pancreatic extirpation, Forsbach's modification of Minkowski's experi- ments, i, 12. — Minkowski's experiments on, i, 12. Pancreatic ferments, testing for pres- ence of, in stool, urine blood and duodenal or stomach contents, iv, 664. Pancreatic glycosuria, discovery of, i, 63. Pancreatic infantilism, ii, 875. — metabolism in, iv, 681. Pancreatic insufficiency, in pregnancy, iv, 858. — metabolism in, iv, 674. Pancreatic juice, amount of, secreted, in 24 hours, iii, 192. — excitants for secretion of, iii, 192. Pancreatic lipase, action of, iii, 192. — extraction of, from gland, iii, 193. — secretion and activity of, iii, 193. — as factor in fat digestion and ab- sorption, iii, 197. Pancreatic secretion, effect on, of alka- line waters, iii, 849. of saline waters, iii, 847. Pancreatic therapy, in external secre- tion of, or pancreatic juice, i, 149. — uses of, i, 149. Pancreatic veins, ligation of, resulting in glycosuria, i, 12. Pancreatin, uses of, i, 149. Pancreatitis, acute, fat and nitrogen excretion in, iv, 669. GENERAL INDEX 823 Pancreatitis, chronic, fat and nitrogen excretion in, iv, 670. pancreatin in, i, 149. — due to syphilis, ii, 724. — etiology of, ii, 723. — "no diabetes without," ii, 724. Pangenesis, i, 62. Paracelsus (1493-1591), on metabolism, iii, 7. Paraldehyde, effect of, on metabolism, iii, 764. Paralysis agitans, parathyroid therapy in, i, 110. — parathyroids, i, 574. — See also Parkinson's disease. Paralysis, laryngeal, in exophthalmic goiter, i, 334. Paramyelin, iii, 470. Paraplegia, in thyroid disease, i, 353. Parasites, animal, in hypophysis cere- bri, i, 802. — intestinal, ocular symptoms due to, ii, 776. Parasitic enteropathies, metabolism in, iv, 635. Parasitism, influence of, on bacterial metabolism, iii, 666. Parasympathetic and sympathetic hy- perirritability in Graves' disease, i, 172. Parasympathetic hyperirritability. See Vagotonia. Parathyroid deficiency, margin of safety in, i, 559. — slowly developed, manifestations of, i, 559. Parathyroid disorders, associated with thyroid, i, 344. Parathyroid glands, active principle of, i, 553. studies on, i, 518. — and calcium metabolism of bones and teeth, i, 573. — and disturbances of bone metabo- lism, iv, 767. — and metabolism, calcium, of bones and teeth, i, 573. — and paralysis agitans, i, 574. — and thyroid gland, difference be- tween manifestations of, i, 512. — resume, i, 554. investigations as to, i, 519. — anomalies of, variations in number, in animals, i, 561. in fetuses and infants, i, 561. in man, i, 560. — variations in position, i, 559. in animals, i, 560. Parathyroid glands, anomalies of, va- riations in position, in man, i, 559. — associated endocrinopathies, thyroid, in tetany, i, 624. — atrophy of, parenchymatous, fol- lowing thyroidectomy, i, 563. — charts of, ii, 949. — chemistry of, active principle of glands, obtaining of, i, 553. — colloid material, i, 554. — creatin, i, 554. -fat, i, 554. — glycogen, i, 554. — iodin, i, 551. — clinical syndromes due to disorders of, hyperplasia by chronic renal dis- eases, i, 702. — neuropathies of postulated para- thyropathic origin, chorea minor, i, 700. — hyperparathyroid psychosis, i, 701. — myasthenia gravis, i, 700. myoclonia, i, 700. — osteopathies of postulated para- thyroid origin, osteomalacia, i, 696. -Paget's disease, i, 697. — Parkinson's disease, i, 698. - Thomsen's disease, i, 699. — tetany. See Tetany. — studies on, i, 518. — deficiency of, margin of safety in, i, 559. — slowly developed, manifestations of, i, 559. — degenerations in, acute, i, 564. — circulatory disturbances, i, 564. - colloid, i, 566. - fatty, i, 565. — hemorrhage secondary to, i, 569. — intoxications, i, 564. -variety of, i, 567, 568. — disorders of, associated with hypo- thyroidism, i, 393. — in Graves' disease, i, 344. — experimental pathology of, compara- tive anatomy, studies on, i, 518. difference between thyroid and parathyroid manifestations, i, 512. discovery of the internal para- thyroids and subsequent experimen- tation, i, 513. earlier observations on, i, 510. evidence that parathyroidectomy may produce no symptoms, i, 522. intoxication theory of parathy- roid tetany, i, 542. 824 GEKEKAL INDEX Parathyroid glands, experimental pa- thology of, investigations as to the indispensability of, i, 515. — metabolism, calcium, i, 534. — observations on, after the discov- ery of parathyroids as independent entities, i, 512. — parathyroid tetany, experimental attempts to augment or allay, i, 533. — relation of nervous system to, i, 531. — symptoms of, in dogs, i, 527. — parathyroidectomy, accessory fac- tors in results of, i, 525. — See also Parathyroid tetany. — relationship between thyroid and parathyroids, investigations as to, i, 519. — transfusion and perfusion experi- ments in tetany, i, 540. — excision of, relation of tetany to thyroidectomy and, i, 64. — fibrosis in, i, 562. — functions and significance of, sources of knowledge of, i, 105. — hemorrhage into, clinical tetany, i, 568. — not associated with tetany, i, 568. — secondary to degenerative proc- esses, i, 569. — hyperplasia of, by chronic renal dis- ease, i, 702. — in Parkinson's disease, i, 699. — in senescence, i, 23. — indispensability of, investigations as to, i, 515. — inflammations of, acute, i, 562. — by extension, i, 562. — inflammatory and fibrotic reactions in, acute inflammations, i, 562. — fibrosis, i, 562. — inflammation by extension, i, 562. — involvement in tuberculosis and syphilis, i, 564. — obliterations of parenchyma, i, 563. — parenchymatous atrophy, follow- ing thyroidectomy, i, 563. — internal, discovery of, and subse- quent experimentation, i, 513. — lesions of, inconstancy of, in dis- eases, i, 558. inf requency of definiteness in, i, 558. — neglect of the study of, i, 557. — obliteration of parenchyma in, i, 563. — overfunction of, chart of, ii, 949. Parathyroid glands, participation by, in general reactions to disease, i, 558. — pathology of, experimental. See Experimental pathology of. — paucity of data in regard to, i, 557. — physiology of, i, 549. — relation of, to metabolism, calcium, i, 534. calcium excretion in tetany, i, 537. calcium medication in, i, 537. — dietary studies on calcium deficiency and tetany, i, 535. — studies on calcium pharma- cology, i, 534. -to tetany, i, 579, 624. -with thyroid, i, 239; ii, 926. — tumors of, cysts, i, 572. — metastatic, i, 573. — primary neoplasms, i, 570. - table of, i, 571. — underfunction of, chart of, ii, 949. Parathyroid gland substances, effect of, on metabolism, iii, 785. Parathyroid implantation, greater ther- apeutic effect of, i, 107, 109. Parathyroid insufficiency, parathyroid therapy for, i, 110. — dosage, i, 110. — relationship of, and tetany, i, 106. Parathyroid privation, ocular symp- toms due to, ii, 790. Parathyroid tetany, calcium deficiency in, dietary studies on, i, 535. — calcium excretion in, i, 537. — calcium medication in, i, 537. — calcium pharmacology in, i, 534. — centra-indications to barium salts in, i, 539. — experimental attempts to augment or allay, i, 533. — intoxication theory of, ammonia as - the toxic agent, i, 542. — guanidin and methylguanidin as the toxic agents, i, 544. — histamin as the toxic agent, i, 544. inosinic acid as toxic agent in, i, 549. thymus secretion as toxic agent in, i, 549. xanthin as the toxic agent, i, 544. — metabolism and, calcium, calcium excretion in tetany, i, 537. calcium medication in tetany, i, 537. dietary studies on calcium defi- ciency and tetany, i, 535. GENEKAL INDEX 825 Parathyroid tetany, metabolism and, calcium, studies on calcium pharma- cology, i, 534. exciting causes of symptoms, i, 534. — relation of nervous system to, i, 531. — symptoms of, in dogs, i, 527. — transfusion and perfusion experi- ments in, i, 540. Parathyroid therapy, in chorea, i, 111. — in eclampsia, i, 111. — in epilepsy, i, 111. — in paralysis agitans, i, 110. — in parathyroid insufficiency, i, 110. — in tetany, i, 108. Parathyroid transplantation, in tetany, i, 686. autotransglantation and homoio- transplantation, i, 687. autotransplantation and isotrans- plantation, i, 687. — by intravascular injection, i, 689. difficulties in, i, 691. — in human beings, i, 690. - into the spleen, i, 686, 689. mistaking tissues that are not parathyroid for parathyroid bodies, i, 690. Parathyroidectomy, accessory factors in results of, age, i, 525. diet, i, 526. pregnancy and lactation, i, 527. rickets, i, 526. — evidence that no symptoms may be produced by, i, 522, — experimental, tetany following, i, 585. — incomplete, trophic changes arising from, i, 527. — results of. See also Parathyroid tetany. — anatomy of, i, 501. blood supply, i, 502. comparative, i, 504. gross morphology and relations, i, 501. innervation, i, 502. — lymphatics, i, 502. — and acromegaly, i, 840. — and autonomic system, i, 178. — cell inclusions of, i, 505. mode of secretion, i, 505. — comparative anatomy of, i, 504. — cytology of, i, 505. — discovery of, by Ivar Sandstrom (1880), and influence of, on calcium metabolism, i, 63. — embryology of, growth, i, 503. Parathyroidectomy, embryology of, ori- gin of, i, 503. — growth phenomena of, i, 504. -histology of, cell inclusions, i, 505. — mode of secretion, i, 505. cytology, i, 505. — functional relation to thyroid, i, 506. — histologic morphology, i, 504. — variations, i, 506. — morphology of, gross, 501. — histologic, i, 504. — occurring in various parts of neck, i, 40. — relation of, to thyroid, functional, i, 506. Parathyropathies, neuropathies of pos- tulated parathyropathic origin, cho- rea minor, i, 700. — hyperparathyroid psychosis, 701. — myasthenia gravis, i, 700. — myoclonia, i, 700. — Parkinson's disease, i, 698. - Thompson's disease, i, 699. — origin of, i, 503. — osteopathies of postulated parathy- ropathic origin, i, 696. — osteomalacia, i, 696. — Paget's disease, i, 697. — tetany. See Tetany. Parenchymatous degeneration, of su- prarenals, ii, 263. Pareiiteral injection of foreign pro- teins, fever caused by, iv, 144. Pareiiteral injections of gland extracts, i, 35. Paresis, in tetany, i, 578, 595. Paresthesias, of the eyeballs, i, 324. Paretic conditions of bladder, hypo- physeal hormotherapy for, i, 117. Parhormones, i, 8. Parkinson's disease, characteristics of, i, 698. — etiology of, i, 698. — parathyroid glands in, i, 699. — See also Paralysis agitans. Parry, Caleb Hillier, notation of, on phases of Merseburg triad, i, 51. Parturition, energy metabolism before and after, table, iii, 634. Pathogenism, influence of, on bacterial metabolism, iii, 666. Paulesco, Nicholas, experiments on re- moval of pituitary body, i, 65. Peat baths, iii, 867. Pellagra, bacteriology of, iv, 905. — clinical course of, iv, 9C4. — definition of, iv, 899. 826 GENEKAL INDEX Pellagra, diagnosis of, iv, 906. — etiologic relationship between beri- beri and, theory of, iv, 900. — etiology of, age, iv, 902. and theories of dietary deficiency, iv, 900. geographical distribution, iv, 901. -race, iv, 902. regional incidence, iv, 902. relation to, of diet, iv, 901. of food, iv, 903. — sewage, iv, 903. sex, iv, 902. social status, iv, 902. — specific, iv, 899. — experimental inoculation, iv, 904. — feces in, average daily composition of, iii, 509. — geographical distribution, iv, 901. — ocular symptoms due to, ii, 778. — pathological anatomy of, iv, 904. — pathological chemistry of, iv, 905. — prophylaxis of, iv, 906. — relation of diet to cause and treat- ment of, iv, 911. — treatment of, iv, 907. relation to, of diet, iv, 911. Pelvis, in acromegaly, i, 825. Pemphigus, associated with miscellane- ous causes, iv, 705. Pentose, iii, 136. — derivation of, iv, 295. — distribution of, iv, 292, 295. — variety of, found, iv, 294. Pentoses, iii, 240. ^- aldopentoses, table of, iii, 241. -d-Eibose, iii, 242. — 1-arabinose, iii, 241. — methyl, iii, 242. — rhamnose, iii, 242. — xylose, iii, 241. Pentosuria, alimentary, iv, 292. — essential, causation of, iv, 293. diagnosis of, iv, 293. distribution of pentose, iv, 295. occurrence of, iv, 292. variety of pentose found, iv, 294. Peptones, iv, 483. Perforated intestinal ulceration, me- tabolism in, iv, 631. Peptonuria, iv, 483. Perfusion and transfusion experiments in tetany, i, 540. Peripheral neuritis, differentiated from tetany, i, 681. Peripheral sensory nerves, increased excitability of, in tetany, i, 609. Peristaltic hormone, ii, 750. Peritonitis, hypophyseal hormonothe- rapy for, i, 115. Pernicious anemia, Addison's observa- tions on, i, 54. — blood transfusion in, indications for, iii, 831. — diseased condition of suprarenal cap- sules and, i, 54. — gastric disturbances in, and metabo- lism, iv, 623. — history of, i, 54. — in Graves' disease, i, 353. — metabolism in, basal, iv, 568. influence on, of splenectomy, iv, 598. — mineral metabolism in, phosphoric acid, calcium and magnesium, iv, 590. — nitrogen partition in, iv, 584. — treatment of, by splenectomy, influ- ence of, on metabolism, iv, 598. — by x-rays, iii, 886. — urobilin excreted in, iii, 168. "Perspiration, insensible," Hippocrates on, iii, 4. - Sanctorius (1561-1636), iii, 7. Pettenkofer, Max von (1818-1901), ap- paratus of, for measuring respiratory exchange, iii, 516. — contribution of, to study of metab- olism, iii, 64, 65. — reaction for bile salts, iii, 65. Phagocytosis, process of, iv, 554. Pharmacopeia, of Chthonian cult, i, 48. Pharmacopeias, of seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, i, 47. Pharmacotherapy, in treatment of tet- any, i, 691. Phenols, formation of, iii, 680. effects on, of utilizable carbohy- drates, iii, 685. Phenylalanin, decomposition of, iii, 684. Phenylananin, iii, 89, 113. Phenylcinchoninic acid, action of, in gout, iv, 438. Phenylethylamin, iii, 686. — effect of, on metabolism, iii, 773. Phlogiston theory of combustion, iii, 11. — demolished by Lavoisier (1783), iii, 23. Phlorizin, effect of, on metabolism, iii, 759. — carbohydrate, iii, 759. fat, iii, 759. protein, iii, 759. GENERAL INDEX 827 Phlorizin, total, iii, 760. Phlorizin diabetes, and pancreatic, ii, 703. Phlorizin ingestion of producing ex- perimental diabetes, i, 63. Phlyctenular keratitis and conjunctivi- tis, ii, 799. "Phosoxygen," of Humphrey Davy, iii, 31. Phosphate, percentage of, in bone ash, iv, 740. in dried bone, iv, 740. Phosphate balance, in pregnancy, iv, 757. Phosphate calculi, dietetic and medici- nal treatment of, iv, 468. Phosphate stones and phosphaturia, iv, 458. Phosphates, in the blood, iv, 144. — in malaria, iv, 144. — of cerebrospinal fluid, iii, 473. — of the blood, in nephritis, iv, 348. — of the urine, iii, 501. Phosphatids, of the brain, cephalin, iii, 468. lecithin, iii, 468. of the liver, iii, 463. — and phosphate stones, iv, 458. Phosphaturia, cardinal symptoms of, iv, 458. — endogenous, iv, 460. changes in urine during, iv, 460. etiological division of, iv, 460. origin of, iv, 462. — symptoms combined with, iv, 460. Phospholipoids, iii, 185. — cuorin, iii, 186. Phosphoric acid, in tetany, i, 635. Phosphoric acid metabolism, in blood diseases, iv, 589. Phosphorus, cod liver oil as vehicle for, iii, 753. — content of, in thyroid gland, i, 244. — distribution of, in body, iii, 324. — effects of, on metabolism, iii, 748. acid-base, iii, 750. carbohydrate, iii, 749. fat, iii, 748. mineral, iii, 750. protein, iii, 750. total metabolism, iii, 748. . on skeleton, iii, 751. — excretion of, in urine and feces, iii, 326. — in human body, iii, 323. — inorganic, in animal and plant tis- sues, iii, 324. — in the feces, iii, 511. Phosphorus, organic, iii, 752. — requirements for, in human body, iii, 324. Phosphorus deficiency, iii, 751. Phosphorus metabolism, iii, 325; iv. 458. Phosphorus poisoning, iii, 748. Phthalein test for renal function, iv, 350. — clinical significance of, iv, 351. — technic of, iv, 351. Physostigmjn, action of, on epinephrin output, ii, 151. Pigment, biologic relation of light and all radiant energy to, ii, 761. — of gonads, male, ii, 426. — ocular, ii, 761. and race, ii, 762. — in histology of ocular tissues, ii, 762. — lack of (albinism), ii, 764. — of iris, ii, 763. - o^ lids, ii, 763. — photo-chemical reactions in ret- ina associated with, ii, 762. — relation of, to hair, ii, 763. — source of, ii, 761. Pigments, bile, iii, 465. Pigment atrophy, ii, 762. Pigment cells, response of, to epineph- rin, ii, 242. Pigmentation, Addisonian, differenti- ated from other, ii, 300. — autonomic origin of, i, 330. — due to suprarenal deficiency, i, 26. of mucous membranes, ii, 293, 301. — in relation to pathogenesis, ii, 289. — of skin, ii, 292. — influence on alterations of, of pineal gland feeding, ii, 23. — in hypophysis cerebri, i, 777. — in suprarenal insufficiency, ii, 111. — ocular, anomalies of. See Ocular pigmentation, ii. — of mucous membranes, ii, 293. — in Addison's disease, ii, 301. Pilocarpin, action of, on epinephrin output, ii, 149. — effect of, on metabolism, iii, 774. — hypersensitiveness, in tetany, i, 611. Pineal body, and lactation, ii, 648. — and sexual development, ii, 347. — chart of, ii, 951. Pineal dysfunction, "macrogenitosomia precox" from, i, 67. 828 GENERAL INDEX Pineal extracts, assaying of, ii, 28. — results of, ii, 30. — teclmic of, ii, 29. Pineal gland, anatomy of, ii, 3. — comparative, ii, 4. — and acromegaly, i, 840. • — and obesity, iv, 39. — assaying extracts of, ii, 28. results of, ii, 30. — table of weights, etc., ii, 31. — technic of, ii, 29. — chemistry of, ii, 32. — clinical syndromes involving, consti- tutional, ii, 52. — general pressure, ii, 50. individual, ii, 53. — introduction to, ii, 49. neighborhood, ii, 50. manifestations of disease, ii, 50. — paucity of pertinent data, ii, 49. — rarity and incidence of, ii, 49. — cysts of, ii, 36. — disease of, course and prognosis of, ii, 56. diagnosis of, ii, 550. — manifestations of, ii, 50. constitutional symptoms, ii, 52. general pressure symptoms, ii, 50. individual adiposity, ii, 55. — bodily overgrowth, ii, 53. drowsiness, ii, 55. — early changes in sexual characters, ii, 54. — mental precocity, ii, 54. — polydipsia, ii, 55. — polyuria, ii, 55. neighborhood symptoms, ii, 50. — involvement of cerebral nerves, ii, 51. — involvement of corpora quadrigemina, ii, 50. — occlusion of aqueduct of Sylvius, ii, 51. — pressure on cerebral pedun- cles, ii, 52. — symptoms due to pressure on cerebellum, ii, 52. — rarity and incidence of, ii, 49. — doctrine of "macrogenitosomia pre- cox" from pineal dysfunction (hypo- pinealism), i, 67. — embryology of, ii, 4. — extirpation of, experimental, ii, 22. -Biedl's experiments, ii, 24. — Dandy's experiments, ii, 27. — Exner and Boese's experiments, ii, 23. Pineal gland, extirpation of, experi- mental, Foa's experiments, ii, 23. — Horrax, ii, 24. — results in females, ii, 26. — results in males, ii, 25. Sarteschi's experiments, ii, 22. — experimental extirpation of, i, 68. — experimental feeding and injection, i, 68. -feeding experiments with, author's, ii, 10. — conclusions from, ii, 12. — desiccated preparations, ii,. 8. — in human subjects, ii, 15. — earlier, ii, 9. — influence on alterations in pig- mentation, ii, 13. — investigation of precocious sex- ual development from, ii, 11. — liquid preparations, ii, 9. — negative, with rats, ii, 12. — on physical development, ii, 16. — preparation of materials, ii, 8. — on rate of division of unicellular organisms, ii, 17. — with mammalian forms, ii, 9. — with tadpoles, ii, 13. -function of, i, 67, 68. — gigantism in childhood associated with, ii, 832. — gross morphology and relations of, ii, 3. — histology of, ii, 4. -history of, i, 67. -hypertrophy of, ii, 36. — injection experiments with, imme- diate results following intravenous or subcutaneous administration of extracts, ii, 18. — pathological considerations, ii, 35. — cysts, ii, 36. — hypertrophy, ii, 36. — pineal sand, ii, 36. — structural considerations, ii, 36. — tumors, ii, 38. carcinomata, ii, 39. compound, ii, 39. gliomata, ii, 38. mixed, ii, 39. teratomata, ii, 38. — pathology of, functional, ii, 39. — muscular syndromes, ii, 46. — pineal sand, ii, 36. — problem of, past views and present aspects, ii, 7. — structural considerations, ii, 36. — tumors of, ii, 38. — carcinomata, ii, 39. GENEEAL INDEX 829 Pineal gland, tumors of, chart of, ii, 951. compound, ii, 39. gliomata, ii, 38. mixed, ii, 261. teratomata, ii, 38. — weight of, in cattle, sheep and lambs, with loss of moisture and petroleum ether soluble substances, ii, 31. Pineal gland substances, effect of, on metabolism, iii, 785. Pineal gland tumor, causing premature puberty, ii, 505. Pineal involvement in muscular dys- trophies, Timme's cases, ii, 912. Pineal sand, ii, 36. Pineal organ, in senescence, i, 24. Pineal organotherapy, i, 123. Pineal tumor, effects of, i, 67. Pirquet's, von, conclusions on Erb's phenomena, i, 608. — activities of, i, 66. — discovery of active principle of, i, 66. — history of, i, 64. — perverted function of, or "dyspitui- tarism," i, 66. — polydipsia and polyuria deriving from, i, 59. — removal of, experimental, partial and total, effects of, i, 65. — structure of, i, 64. — technique in Erb's phenomena, 605. Pituitary deficiency, adenoids and, i, 880. — sexual characteristics of, i, 69. Pituitary extracts, immunity to, i, 31. Pituitary eye, ii, 782. Pituitary feeding, in dystrophia adi- posogenitalis, i, 865. Pituitary gland, active principle of, - demonstration of presence of, in cere- brospinal fluid, i, 11. — amenorrhea due to. disturbances of, ii, 625. — analogy between disturbances of thy- roid gland and, i, 299. - — and gonads, ii, 348. — anterior, chemistry of, i, 118. — autonomic system and, i, 174. — pharmacodynamic effects, i, 118. — disorders of, associated with cretinic degeneration, i, 461. — associated with hypothyroidism, i, 393. — extirpation of, cachexia hypophyso- priva following, i, 880. results of, i, 40. Pituitary gland, failure to produce ex- perimentally hypofunction of gland, as against success in production hy- perfunction, i, 300. — grafting of, i, 865. — hyperplasia of during pregnancy and in castration, ii, 348. — influence of, on glycogenesis, glyco- genolysis and glucolysis, iii, 261. — in treatment of dystrophia adiposo- genitalis, anterior lobe, i, 911. — hypophyseal, i, 912. — whole gland, i, 912. — ocular affections originating from. See Ocular affections of pituitary origin. — pharmacological researches on, i, 866. — posterior. See Hypophysis cerebri. — relationship between suprarenals and, ii, 274. Pituitary headache, pituitary therapy, whole, in, i, 122. Pituitary obesity, history of, i, 53. — pituitary therapy for, i, 112. — pituitary (anterior) therapy in, i, 120. Pituitary substances, anterior lobe, ef- fect of, on metabolism, iii, 785. — effect of, on metabolism, iii, 784. Pituitary therapy, anterior, i, 119. — in dystrophia adiposogenitalis, i, 120. — in epilepsy, i, 121. — in impotence, i, 121. — in osteomalacia, i, 121. — in pituitary obesity, i, 120. — in pluriglandular dysfunction or hypofunction, i, 121. — posterior. See Hypophysis cerebri. -whole, i, 121. — in acromegaly, i, 122. — in epilepsy, i, 122. — in pituitary headache, i, 122. — in psychoses of adolescence, i, 123. -in tumors of pituitary, i, 122. Pituitary tumors, pituitary (whole) therapy in, i, 122. Pituitrin, action and value of, i, 66. — discovery of, i, 66. — in treatment of diabetes insipidus, iv, 877. — use of, in therapy, ii, 943. Placenta, as a factor, in eclampsia, ii, 656. in growth, ii, 659. in milk secretion, ii, 655. 830 GENERAL INDEX Placenta, as a factor in milk secretion, as an initial stimulant to secretion, ii, 655. — in postpartum qualitative changes in the milk, ii, 656. in uterine changes of pregnancy, ii, 656. — as an endocrin organ, ii, 653. conclusions on, ii, 661. — early views as to functions of, ii, 653. — functions of, early views as to, ii, 653. more recent views on, ii, 654. — internal secretion of, as cause of hyperplasia of breasts and uterus, i, 68. — recent views as to functions of, ii, 654. Placental extract, as a lactagog, i, 147. Placental hormone and the mammae, ii, 645. Plant nucleic acid, iii, 135. Plasma bicarbonate, gasometric deter- mination of, iv, 79. — titrimetric determination of, iv, 80. Plater, Felix (1614), observation of, in connection with doctrine of the "status thymicolymphaticus," i, 50, 55. Platinum, effect of, on metabolism, iii, 758. Plethora, and arterial hypertension, iv, 402. Pluriglandular dysfunction or hypo- function, pituitary (anterior) ther- apy in, i, 121. Pluriglandular infantilism, ii, 867. Pluriglandular insufficiency, i, 69. — insuffisance of Claude and Gougerot, 11,^886. Pluriglandular syndromes, i, 69, 70. — classification of, ii, 885. — definition of, ii, 883. Plutonian theory of Repin, as to cre- tinic degeneration, i, 453. Pneumonia, influenzal, blood chemistry findings in, iv, 131. — lobar, acidosis in, iv, 130. constituents in, iv, 129. metabolism in, iv, 124. acidosis, iv, 130. basal, iv, 125. blood constituents, iv, 129. chlorid, iv, 127. miscellaneous metabolites, iv, 130. Pneumonia, lobar, metabolism in, nitro- gen excretion, iv, 126. — orchitis in, ii, 484. — treatment of by x-rays, iii, 886. Poisoning, acute and chronic, action of epinephrin on, pharmacodynamic, i, 130. Poisonous substances in tetany, i, 662. Poliomyelitis, differentiated from tet- any, i, 681. Polydipsia, deriving from pituitary body, i, 59. — in dystrophia adiposogenitalis, i, 894. — in pineal disease, ii, 55. Polypharmacy, i, 48. -Heberden's onslaught on, i, 48. Polymerization of simple sugars, iii, 225. Polyposis, gastric, metabolism in, iv, 621. Polyposis intestinals, metabolism in, iv, 638. Polysaccharides, cellulose, iii, 247. — gums, iii, 247. — inulin, iii, 247. — starch, iii, 247. Polyuria, associated with lesions of hy- pophysis, i, 731. — autonomic origin of, i, 335. — deriving from pituitary body, i, 59. — in dystrophia adiposogenitalis, i, 879, 894. — in pineal disease, ii, 55. — nocturnal, in test day for renal func- tion, iv, 374. Pool, E. H., arm arid leg phenomenon of, in tetany, i, 599. Post-estrous period, ii, 581. Postovulatory period, ii, 581. Potassium, as causative agent of uremia, iv, 391. — effect of, on metabolism, iii, 724. — in cerebrospinal fluid, iii, 473. Potassium citrate, in milk, human and cow's, iii, 478. — in 'the blood, iii, 450. — in the brain, iii, 471. — in the urine, iii, 502. Potentia, and exophthalmic goiter, i, 335. Precipitating reactions of proteins, iii, 99. Pregnancy, amenorrhea of, ii, 625. — and acromegaly, i, 808. — exophthalmic goiter and, i, 308, 335. — and pituitary gland, hyperplasia of, ii, 348. GENEKAL INDEX 831 Pregnancy, as cause of diabetes insipi- dus, iv, 866. — calcium and phosphate balance dur- ing, iv, 757. — calcium in blood during, iii, 322. — creatin excretion in, iii, 176. — defective, changes in ovaries inci- dent to, ii, 607. — eclampsia of, placenta as a factor in, ii, 656. • effect of, on hypophyseal cells, i, 715. on results of parathyroidectomy, i, 527. — energy metabolism of, iii, 621. before and after parturition, iii, 634. comparison of, in pregnant and non-pregnant women, table, iii, 625. — fetus and mammary growth during, ii, 645. — influence of, on hypophysis cerebri, i, 795. — mammary hyperplasia of, ii, 645. normal table of, iv, 844. pathological, iv, 835. blood examination by modern methods, iv, 848. changes of urea nitrogen in blood, iv, 854. cholesterol content of blood, iv, 858. creatin in blood, iv, 855. creatinin in blood, iv, 855. eclampsia, and albuminuria, iv, 835. and liver involvement, iv, 838. and theories of cause of, iv, 836. tables of, iv, 844, 845, 851. examination of urine by mod- ern methods, iv, 839. glycosuria, iv, 857. hepatic toxemia, table, iv, 853. historical, iv, 835. nitrogen in the blood, iv, 851. nitrogen partition in, iv, 839. pancreatic insufficiency, iv, 858. summary of, iv, 858. uric acid nitrogen in blood, in- crease of, iv, 857. urine in, further studies of, iv, 843. — urine in experimental liver necrosis, iv, 842. Pregnancy, mammary hyperplasia of, pathological, urobilinogen or urobi- lin in urine, iv, 858. — nausea and vomiting of, ovarian therapy in, i, 157. — placenta as a factor in uterine changes of, ii, 656. — response of suprarenals in, ii, 121. — tetany associated with, i, 650, 684. — prognosis of, i, 671. Prepubertal ovary, and its role in de- termining the secondary sex charac- ters, ii, 573. Pressor response to epinephrin, factors modifying, ii, 230. Pressure, in lymph production and edema, diffusion, iv, 183. — of the solute, iv, 184. — of the solvent, iv, 184. — electrostatic, iv, 187. — hydrostatic, iv, 181. — osmotic, iv, 184. Pressure atrophy of the thyroid gland, i, 283. Pressure symptoms, of goiter, i, 318. Priestley (1733-1804), discovery of oxy- gen by, iii, 16. Pro-antithrombin as hepatic internal secretion, ii, 681. Pro-estrum, ii, 551. Pro-estrus, ii, 581. Progerio, as a manifestation of in- fantilism, ii, 878. Progressive muscular atrophy, iv, 730. — metabolism in, iv, 730. Progressive muscular dystrophy, alka- losis in, iv, 724. — with creatinuria, iv, 724. — with hypoglycemia, iv, 724. — as an endocrin disease, iv, 728. — blood sugar in, iv, 721. — creatinuria in, iv, 723. — with alkalosis, iv, 724. — glucose administered intravenously in, iv, 722. — hypocholesterinemia in, iv, 724. — delayed glucose utilization, iv, 725. — fatty infiltration, iv, 726. — hypoglycemia in, iv, 720. — with alkalosis, iv, 724. — metabolism in, carbohydrate, iv, 720. alkalosis, iv, 724. creatinuria, iv, 723. hypocholesterinemia, iv, 724. hypoglycemia, iv, 720. 832 GENERAL INDEX Progressive muscular dystrophy, paral- lelism between improvement in strength and rise in blood sugar in, iv, 722. Prolamins, iii, 83. Prolin, iii, 90, 114. Prostate, condition of, after castration, ii, 455. in old age, ii, 455. in subjects demonstrating com- plete atrophy of the testes, ii, 455. — relation of testes to, ii, 454. — removal of, ii, 455. Prostate gland, administration of tes- ticular extracts following removal of the testes, effect of, ii, 455. — as an endocrin organ, anatomical considerations, ii, 525. — effect of feeding of, on metabolism, iii, 785. — effect of, on growth and development of tadpoles, ii, 527. on higher animals, ii, 529. on isolated genito-urinary organs. ii, 530. effect of prostatectomy on be- havior of albino rats, ii, 532. neuromuscular efficiency of rats, ii, 533. internal secretion, evidence of, ii, 526. • introduction to, ii, 525. — — physiological considerations, ii, 526. — action of prostatic extracts on isolated genito-urinary organs, ii, 530. — effect of prostate feeding on growth and development of tadpoles, ii, 527. — effect of prostate feeding on higher animals, ii, 529. — evidence of an internal secre- tion, ii, 526. summary of, ii, 533. — thromboplastic properties of. ii. 530. Prostatectomy, effect of, on behavior of albino rats, ii, 532. — on neuromuscular efficiency of rats, ii, 533. Prostatitis, thymus gland in, ii, 414. Protamins, iii, 83. — amount of, required in diet, iii, 392. — as source of glucose supply, iv, 271. — Bence- Jones. See Bence- Jones pro- tein. Protamins, deficiency of, in metabolic disturbances of infancy and child- hood, iv, 804. — deficient in diet, interference of, with growth, iv, 246. — excess of, in diet of infancy and early childhood, iv, 786, 787. — in cerebrospinal fluid, iii, 471. — in food supply of diabetes, iv, 283. — value of, in diet, iii, 408. Protein constituents, of edema fluids, iv, 160. — of lymph, normal, iv, 160. Protein destruction, as cause of uremia, iv, 393. — in nephritis, iv, 337. Protein diet, optimum versus mini- mum, question of, iii, 119. Protein factor, obtaining of, iii, 116. Protein intoxication, iv, 230. Protein -liquefy ing enzymes, formation of, iii, 670. Protein metabolism, and edema, iv, 166. — effect on, of acids and alkalies, iii, 739. — of alcohol, iii, 764. — of anesthetics, general, chloro- form and ether, iii, 760. — of antipyretics, iii, 769. of atropin, pilocarpin, etc., iii, 774. — of blood poisons, iii, 744. — of carbon monoxid, iii, 743. — of cyanids, iii, 748. — of epinephrin, iii, 782. — of hot baths, iii, 861. — of mercury, iii, 756. — of opiates, iii, 766. — of oxygen-lack, iv, 543. — of phlorizin, iii, 759. — of phosphorus, iii, 750. — of saline cathartics, iii, 718. — of saline waters, iii, 847. — of thyroid substances, iii, 783. — of uranium, iii, 757. — in anaphylaxis, iv, 209. — in anemia, iv, 574. hemolytic, iv, 576. — in leukemia, iv, 578. — in nephritis, iv, 314. -in tetany, i, 632. — in typhoid fever, iv, 111. — in undernutrition, iv, 12. — of rectal feeding, iii, 810. Protein minimum and optimum, iii, 401. — experiments on, of Chittenden, iii, 402. GENERAL INDEX 833 Protein metabolism, experiments on, of Fisher, iii, 405. of McCay, iii, 406. of Neumann, iii, 402. Protein molecule, role of amino acids in structure of, iii, 91. — structure of, iii, 84. Protein poisoning, edema due to, iv, 158. Protein starvation, iv, 13. Proteins, alcohol soluble, iii, 83. — amino acid content of, iii, 96. absorbed, fate of, in blood, iii, 104. relative, table of, iii, 97. — amino acids or "building stones" of, iii, 84. aromatic amino acids, iii, 89. compounds of, iii, 93, 94. compounds of, possible, number of, iii, 95. diamino acids, iii, 88. — dibasic mono-amino acids, iii, -86. — fate of, in the body, table sum- marizing', iii, 115. — in the tissues, iii, 105. of non-nitrogenous fraction of, iii, 107. heterocyclic amino acids, iii, 90. hydroxy- and thio-a-amino acids, iii, 87. — monobasic mono-amino acids, iii, 84. number of, iii, 95. — role of, in structure of protein molecule, iii, 91. — and their metabolism. See Metab- olism, protein, iii. — and the liver, iv, 645. -blood, iii, 427. — possible derivation from, of Bence-Jones protein, iv, 488. — blood serum, iii, 428. as hepatic internal secretion, ii, 678. — cell, action of light on, iii, 891. — classification of, iii, 81. — conjugated, iii, 82. derived, iii, 82. simple, iii, 820. — - coagulation and denaturalization of, iii, 100. — conjugated, iii, 82. — cystin in, iv, 518. — cystin nitrogen in, iv, 519. — decomposition of, by bacteria, tryp- tophan, iii, 682. tyrosin, iii, 681. Proteins, denaturalization of, iii. 100. — derived, iii, 82. — digestion of, iii, 101. — absorption of products of, from the gastro-mtestinal canal, iii, 103. — schematic illustration of, in the gastro-intestinal canal, iii, 103. — elementary composition of, iii, 81. — foreign, parental injection of, fever caused by, iv, 144. — function of, in diet, iii, 121. — general nature of products of bac- terial growth, arising from utiliza- tion of carbohydrates and, for energy, iii, 669. — incomplete, iii, 122. — Abderhalden's experiments on, iii, 123, 124, 125. — definition of, iii, 125. — Hopkins and Willcock's experi- ments with, iii, 125, 126. — Osborne and Mendel's experi- ments illustrating physiological value of amino acids, iii, 127, 128, 129. — influence of, on metabolism, iii, 130. — in subcutaneous feedings, iii, 815. — intravenous feeding of, iii, 817. — of brain, iii, 467. — of muscles, iii, 459. — of the liver, iii, 463. — precipitating reactions of, iii, 99. — precipitation of, relative influence of anions and cations on, iii, 100. — presence of, in normal thyroid gland, i, 246. — reactions of, Adamkiewicz-Hopkins- Cole, iii, 98. — biuret, iii, 96. — color, iii, 96. -Millon's, iii, 98. - Molisch, iii, 98. — precipitating, iii, 99. — sulphur-lead, iii, 98. — triketohydrinden hydrat, iii, 98. — xanthoproteic, iii, 98. — relation to, of pathogenic bacteria, iii, 673. — respiratory quotient of, iii, 561. — salt formation of, iii, 100. — "salting out" of, by means of elec- trolytes, iii, 99. — simple, albuminoids or scleropro- teins. iii, 83. — albumins, iii, 82. — globulins, iii, 83. glutelins, iii, 83. 834 GENEKAL INDEX Proteins, simple, histories, iii, 83. prolamins or alcohol soluble pro- teins, iii, 83. protamins, iii, 83. — specific dynamic action of, iii, 130. — thermal quotient for, iii, 555. — urea formation, iii, 105. — utilization of, in nephritis, iv, 314. Proteose relationships, of Bence-Jones protein, iv, 488. Proteoses, in urine, iv, 483. Proteosuria, and Bence-Jones protein, iv, 487. — myelopathic, iv, 498. — types of, iv, 483. Protocatechinic acid, in urine of alkaptonurics, iv, 503. Protrusio bulborum, i, 318. — pathogenesis of, i, 322. Prurigo, associated with diet, iv, 698. — with miscellaneous causes, iv, 705. Pruritus, associated with angioneurotic edema, iv, 697. — in Graves' disease, i, 331. Pseudochlorosis, thyreotoxic, i, 361. Pseudocyesis, ii, 626. Pseudohermaphroditism, ii, 473. — and interstitial cells of testis," ii, 447. — anomalies involving genital system, ovo-testis, ii, 329. — sex gland, ii, 329. — tubular portions of, ii, 330. — as a major endocrin syndrome, ii, 939. — attempts at artificial production of, in mammals, by transplantation of the sex gland, ii, 341. — cause of, imbalance of gonadal hor- mones between mother and fetus,- ii, 453. — clinicnl cases of, male pseudoher- maphrodite, showing female second- ary sexual characteristics, ii, 332. — definition of, ii, 323. — female pseudohermaphrodite, show- ing male secondary characteristics, ii, 336. — final decision as to sex in, ii, 329. -historical, iii, 329. — hormone antagonism in, ii, 341. — mixed or doubtful sex ensemble in, ii, 329. — terminology of, ii, 329. — types of, attempted classification of, ii, 332. variety in, ii, 332. Pseudo-rickets, senile. See Paget's disease. Pseudo-Trousseau phenomenon in hys- teria, i, 597. Psoriasis, associated with miscellaneous causes, iv, 705. — thyroid treatment of, i, 104. Psychic conditions, amenorrhea due to, ii, 626. Psychic disturbances, in dystrophia adi- posogenitalis, i, 900. Psychic infantilism, ii, 879. Psychic states, as factors in hypothy- roidism, i, 385. Psychic symptoms of menopause, ii, 620. Psychasthenic fits, differentiated from tetany, i, 679. Psychoses, adolescence, pituitary (whole) therapy in, i, 123. — differentiated from hypothyroidism, i, 424. — hyperpara thyroid, i, 701. — in tetany, 617. — of acromegaly, i, 840. Ptomains, iii, 685. Ptosis of the stomach, metabolism in, iv, 621. Ptyalin, action of, iii, 248. Pubertal growth impulse, ii, 642. Pubertas precox, definition of, ii, 345. — differentiated from virilismus, ii, 345. — manifestations of, ii, 345. — relationship between endocrinous glands and, ii, 345. conclusions regarding, ii, 351. — gonads, ii, 350. pineal body or epiphysis, ii, 347. — pituitary gland, anterior portion, ii, 348. — suprarenal glands, ii, 349. — thymus, ii, 346. Puberty, determination of, ii, 523. — gonadal function after (rhythmic), disturbances of, ii, 593. ovarian hyperfunction, ii, 593. producing amenorrhea (ovari- an hypof unction), ii, 594. primary ovarian involve- ment, ii, 594. — secondary ovarian impair- ment, ii, 595. — producing uterine hemor- rhages, ii, 597. — menstruation and the endometrial cycle, ii, 583. GENERAL INDEX 835 Puberty, gonadal function after, ovula- tion, associated ovarian histologicai events, ii, 576. changes in entire reproductive tube provoked by changes in ovary, ii, 579. conditions in the mammalia in general, ii, 578. oestrous cycle preceding, suc- cession of events in, ii, 579. • oestrus, presursor of ovulation in the mammalia, ii, 579. — gonadal function before, ii, 573. — influence of, on basal metabolism of children, iii, 654. — pineal body and, ii, 347. — precocious, definition of, ii, 630. diagnosis of, ii, 631. treatment of, ii, 631"! — premature, as a major endocrin syn- drome, ii, 939. due to adrenal cortex tumor, hy- perfunction of structures without tumor, ii, 505. — pineal gland tumor, ii, 505. testicular tumor, ii, 505. — retarded, ii, 512. — thymus gland and, ii, 346. Puerperal osteomalacia, chemical evi- dence on, iv, 756. — clinical evidence on, iv, 758. — fetus in, iv, 757. — histologicai investigations on, iv, 757. — need ' of calcium as a cause of, iv, 756. — summary of evidence on, iv, 758, 759. Pulmonary circulation, effect on, of epinephrin, ii, 225. Pulmonary hemorrhages, of autonomic origin, i, 334. • — vasoconstrictor action of epinephrin in, i, 137. Pulmonary tuberculosis, differentiated from exophthalmic goiter, i, 360. Pulse, effect on, of hot baths, iii, 862. Pulse rate, average, in fasting man, iv, 20. — in underfeeding, iv, 20. Pulsus celer, radial pulse having char- acter of, i, 327. Puncture glycosuria, i, 175. Pupillary reactions, ii, 766. Pupils, response of, to epinephrin, ii-, 237. Purgatives, in treatment of edema, iv, 193. Purin bases, of muscle tissue, iii, 461. — of urine, iii, 498. Purin bodies, and formula? for, iv, 412. — and nucleic acid, iv, 415. Purin-containing food, effect of, on . output of uric acid, iv, 423. Purine derivatives, amino-purines, iii, 137. adenine, iii, 137. — guanine, iii, 137. — chemical relation of amino- and oxy- purines, iii, 138, 139. — oxy-purines, iii, 137. — hypoxanthine, iii, 137, 138. — uric acid, iii, 137. — xanthine, iii, 137. Purine fermentation, independent fac- tors of, iii, 153. Purine ferments, distribution of, iii, 154. — adenase, iii, 156. — guanase, iii, 156. — uricase, iii, 155. — xanthine oxidase, iii, 156. Purin metabolism, effect on, of acids and alkalies, iii, 739. — of atrophin, pilocarpin, etc., iii, 774. — of calcium, iii, 732. — of cinchophen (atophan), iii, 772. — of purins, iii, 779. Puriri metabolism, in anemia, iv, 579. — in leukemia, iv, 579. Purine nucleotides, and hydrolysis, iii, 140. Purins, combined, enzymatic decompo- sition of, iii, 158. Purin-free diet, for uric acid calculi, iv, 469. — in nephritic conditions, iii, 778. — on metabolism, iii, 778. Purpura, of autonomic origin, i, 330. — thyroid therapy in, i, 105. Purpura hemorrhagica, idiopathic, blood transfusion for, iii, 833. — vasoconstricting action' of epineph- rin in, i, 138. Putrefaction, intestinal, influence on, of water, iii, 291. Putrescin, iii, 685. Pyemia, orchitis in, ii, 485. Pylorospasm, metabolism in, iv, 618. Pyocyaneus, orchitis in, ii, 485. Pyogenic infections, of hypophysis cere- bri, i, 782.* Pyrimidine derivatives, iii, 136. — cytosine, iii, 137. — tfracil, iii, 137. 836 GENEBAL INDEX Pyridimine nucleotides, and hydrolysis, iii, 140. Pyrocatechol, in urine of alkaptonurics, iv, 503. Quinin, effect of, on metabolism, iii, 772. Quotients, respiratory. See Respira- tory quotient. — thermal. See Thermal quotients. Race, and heredity, in relation to oph- thalmology and endocrinology, ii, 755. — as factor, in cretinic degeneration, i, 449. in obesity, iv, 34. in pellagra, iv, 902. — ocular pigment and, ii, 762. Rachitis, and mineral metabolism, iii, 339. Radiation and conduction in hot cli- mates, iii, 900. Radio-active baths, iii, 867. Radio-active substances, distribution elimination of, iii, 874. — effects of, constitutional, iii, 887. on blood and blood-forming or- gans, iii, 875. — on enzymes, iii, 878. — on immunity, iii, 876. — on metabolism, in disease, iii, 884. — introduction to, iii, 871. — normal, iii, 880. — on tissues, iii, 874. — measurement (standardization) of; iii, 872. — theories of action of, iii, 889. — treatment by, of arthritis, chronic, iii, 886. of carcinoma, iii, 887. of gout, iii, 885. of leukemia, chronic lymphatic, iii, 884. • — of sarcoma, iii, 887. Radio-active waters, effects and thera- peutic value of, iii, 852. Radiotherapy, for dystrophia adiposo- genitalis, i, 922. Radium, effect of, on metabolism, iii, 758. — influence of, on metabolism, in blood diseases, iv, 601. — in treatment of exophthalmic goiter, i, 371. Radium emanations, in treatment of gout, iv, 454. — therapeutic value of, iii, 852. Raynaud's disease, differentiated from tetany, i, 683. Reactions, due to infusions, iii, 800. — in bacterial metabolism, decomposi- tion of proteins by bacteria, iii, 681. — effects of utilizable carbohydrates upon formation of phenols, indols and amins, iii, 685. -formation of phenols, indol and indican, iii, 680. — physiological action of aromatic amins, iii, 687. — of sugars with substituted hydra- zines, iii, 232. Rectal administration of gland extracts, i, 34. Rectal feeding, iii, 809. — formulae for, iii, 812. — indications for, iii, 809. — length of time for employment of, iii, 809. — metabolism of, iii, 810. — carbohydrate, iii, 811. -fat, iii, 811. — protein, iii, 810. — salt and water, iii, 812. — of carbohydrates, iii, 230. — physiology of, iii, 810. — precautions and technic in, iii, 813. — summary of results of, iii, 814. Regnard's bag method for measuring respiratory exchange, iii, 537. Regnault and Reiset's apparatus for measuring respiratory exchange, iii, 521. — monograph of, on respiration of ani- mals, iii, 40. Reflexes, ejaculatory, ii, 459. — erection, ii, 459. — genito-vesicular, ii, 459. Renal calculi, and colloidal material, iv, 457. — constituents of concretions, iv, 457. — formation of concretions, iv, 457. — metabolic studies of, calcium metab- olism, iv, 459. cystin calculi, iv, 468. magnesium metabolism, iv, 460. oxaluria and oxalate calculi, iv, 462. phosphaturia and phosphate stones, iv, 458. — phosphorus metabolism, iv, 458. uraturia and uric acid calculi, iv, 465. — xanthin calculi, iv, 467. — See also Urinary calculi. GENERAL INDEX 837 Renal disease, chronic, hyperplasia of parathyroid glands by, i, 702. — dermatoses associated with, iv, 700. — hypophyseal hormonotherapy in, i, 116. — infantilism in, ii, 877. — ocular symptoms due to, ii, 779. Renal excretory function in its relation to edema, iv, 174. — nephritis, acute diffuse, iv, 175. chronic diffuse, iv, 176. chronic interstitial, iv, 175. chronic parenchymatous, iv, 176. subacute, iv, 176. — renal function in other conditions associated with edema, iv, 178. — summary of, iv, 178. Renal function, iv, 349. — and laws of urea excretion, clinical value of coefficiency of urea excre- tion, iv, 362. concentration of urea in urine, iv, 361. effect of concentration of urea in blood on quantity of urea excreted by kidneys, iv, 360. — method of determining the coeffi- cient of urea excretion, iv, 362. relation of water elimination to urea excretion, iv, 361. — reliability of coefficients of urea excretion, iv, 362. — in nephritis, iv, 313. — Schlayer's theories of, in nephritis, iv, 355. — test day for, iv, 368. criteria for judging efficiency of kidney by means of, iv, 371. criteria of value, summary of, iv, 378. degrees of variation of specific gravity, iv, 371. tables of, iv, 371; iv, 372; iv, 373; iv, 374; iv, 375. dietary for, iv, 369. diet in, normal, iv, 370. table showing, iv, 378. directions for, iv, 370. elimination of salt and nitrogen, iv, 377. maximal specific gravity, iv, 374. metabolism in, iv, 372. nocturnal polyuria, iv, 374. tables of, iv, 375, 376. — nycturia, iv, 377. — tests for, iv, 350. coefficient of urea excretion, iv, 357. Renal function, tests for, coefficient of urea excretion, Ambard's coefficient, iv, 358. -Austin, Stillman and Van Slyke, iv, 360. - McLean's, iv, 359. — concentration and dilution, iv. 381. -table of, iv, 382. — for urea and salt excretion, iv, 366. — function of the glomeruli and tubules, iv, 353. — lactose, iv, 357. — phthalein test, iv, 350. — potassium iodid, iv, 357. Renal glycosuria, iii, 253. Renal hemorrhage, vasoconstrictor ac- tion of epinephrin in, i, 137. Renal injury, effect of, on nitrogen balance in nephritis, iv, 335. Renal insufficiency, as cause of in- creased arterial pressure in nephritis, iv, 401. — symptoms produced by, iv, 388. — uremia depending upon, iv, 388. Renal stones, causing disturbed bone metabolism, iv, 761. Renal theory of gout, iv, 441. Reproduction, effect on, of alcohol, iii, 765. — metabolism of, effect on, of calcium, iii, 732. Reproduction, relation of, to sex, ii, 431. Reproduction and growth, metabolism of, effect on, of antipyretics, iii, 769. Reproductive functions, female, rela- tion between internal secretions and, general considerations in regard to, ii, 57. Reproductive system, effect on, of fast- ing and undernutrition, iv, 23. — hypoplasia, congenital, of, ii, 594. Resection of colon, in exophthalmic goiter, i, 376. Respiration, cell, and edema, iv, 166. — changes in, in suprarenal insuffi- ciency, ii, 110. — disturbances of, in tetany, i, 811. — effects on, of hypophysis feeding of posterior lobe, i, 762. — of temperature and humidity, iii, 901. — forced, experimental tetany pro- duced by, i, 654. — in history of metabolism, Boerhaave (1668-1738), iii, 11. 838 GENERAL INDEX Respiration, in history of metabolism, Hales, Stephen, on (1677-1761), iii, 11. Mayhow, John (1640-1679), iii, 9. von Haller, Albrecht (1708-1777), iii, 11. , Willis on (1621-1675), iii, 11. — of animals, monograph on, of Reg- nault and Reiset (1849), iii, 40. — von Liebig on, iii, 46. Respiration and circulation, diseases of, metabolism in, iv, 541. — arterial blood, iv, 546. — blood gases, iv, 546. — constituents of urine, iv, 549. — effects on, of oxygen lack, iv, 542. — gaseous exchange, iv, 545, 546. inorganic salts, iv, 551. non-volatile products of metab- olism in blood and urine, iv, 549. oxidative processes, iv, 545. — pathological effects due to oxy- gen lack, iv, 542. — qualitative and quantitative changes, iv, 545. reduction of normal reserve, iv, 544. — respiratory quotient, iv, 545. — variety of ways affected, iv, 541. — venous blood, iv, 547. — harmonious interaction between systems of, iv, 544. Respiration calorimeter, closed circuit type, Benedict's description of, i, 485. — gasometer type, introduced by Tis- sot, i, 486. — improved by Atwater and Benedict (1905), i, 485. — portable type, recently devised by Benedict, i, 486. -Rubner's (1894), i, 485. Respiration experiments on man of Lavoisier, iii, 25. Respiratory adaptation to high alti- tudes, iii, 908. Respiratory diseases, dermatoses asso- ciated with, iv, 701. Respiratory effects of epinephrin, ii, 243. Respiratory exchange, methods of cal- culating heat production from, iii, 548. Respiratory exchange, methods of cal- culating heat production from, and from urinary nitrogen, iii, 563. — method of successive thermal quotients, iii, 563. method of Zuntz and Schum- berg, iii, 565. combustion of carbon and hydro- gen, iii, 54. combustion of organic foodstuffs, iii, 549. non-protein respiratory quotient, iii, 566. respiratory quotient and its sig- nificance, iii, 559. — thermal quotients of O* and CCh, iii, 555. — methods of measuring, by direct connection with respiratory passages, iii, 531. — closed circuit instruments, iii, 544. Benedict's, iii, 544. — Krogh's modification of Haldane and Douglas' instrument, iii, 544. — open-circuit ins-truments, air analyzers, Haldane's, iii, 540. analysis of outdoor air, iii, 541. bag method of Regnard, iii, 537. collecting apparatus, ii, 534. of Hanroit and Richet, iii, 543. masks, iii, 532. mouth-pieces, iii, 531. nose-pieces, iii, 532. spirometers, iii, 534. valves, iii, 533. Zuntz and Geppert's, iii, 538. — by means of a respiration cham- ber, iii, 516. closed circuit type of appara- tus, iii, 521. Atwater and Benedict's, iii, 524. for very small animals, iii, 529 Krogh, iii, 531. Thumberg, iii, 530. Winterstein, iii, 530. of Hoppe-Seyler, iii, 522. of Regnault and Reiset, iii, 521. — open-circuit type of apparatus, of Atwater nnd Rosa, iii. 518. of Grafe, B., iii, 519. GENERAL INDEX 839 Respiratory exchange, methods of measuring, by means of a respiration chamber, open-circuit type of appa- ratus, Haldane's, iii, 520. of Jaquet, iii, 519. Pettenkofer, iii, 516. Respiratory metabolism, in anaphylaxis, iv, 212. — in erysipelas, iv, 139. Respiratory quotient, and its signifi- cance, iii, 559. — calculation of thermal quotient for oxygen from, iii, 562. — effect on, of hot baths, iii, 861. — in diseases of respiration and circu- lation, iv, 545. — in typhoid fever, iv, 106. — Lavoisier and La Place ( 1780) , iii, 22. — non-protein, iii, 566. — of Bidder and Schmidt, iii, 63. — of fats, iii, 561. — of infants, from two weeks to one year of age, iii, 640. new-born, iii, 627. Bailey and Murlin, iii, 628. — Benedict and Talbot, iii, 630. for first eight days, iii, 631. Hasselbach, iii, 627. influence of food on, iii, 630. — prematurely born, iii, 631. table of, iii, 629. — of proteins, iii, 561. Respiratory regulation of free ILCOa of the blood, iv, 64. Respiratory symptoms, autonomic ori- gin of, bronchorrhea, i, 334. Bryson's sign, i, 334. cough, i, 333. disturbance of Litten's phenom- ena, i, 334. dyspnea, i, 333. pulmonary hemorrhages, i, 334. — of cutaneous origin, laryngeal pa- ralysis, i, 334. Respiratory system, action of epineph- rin on, i, 126. — effect on, of undernutrition or fast- ing, iv, 21. — in hypothyroidism, i, 413. Respiratory tract, in acromegaly, i, 835. Rest nitrogen of the blood, iii, 442. Retention acidosis, iii, 735. Retention uremia, iv, 388. Reticular apparatus, of gonads, male, ii, 426. Retinitis pigmentosa, ii, 765. Retroflexion of uterus, gastric disturb- ances in, and metabolism, iv, 623. Rey, Jean (1645), on metabolism, iii, 8. Rhamnose, iii, 242. Rheumatic fever, acute, metabolism in, iv, 149. — orchitis in, ii, 485. Rheumatism (articular and muscular), thyroid treatment of, i, 99. — chronic, differentiated from hypo- thyroidism, i, 424. — ocular, ii, 778. — symptoms due to, ii, 778. — treatment of, ii, 779. Rheumatoid arthritis, treatment of, by x-rays, iii, 886. Ribs, in acromegaly, i, 825. Richet, Charles (1850- ), work of, on metabolism, iii, 77. Rickets, calcium in, iii, 727. — causes of, iv, 765. — complicating scurvy, iv, 884. — composition of bones in, change in, iv, 743. — differentiated from hypothyroidism, i, 423. — due to deficiency of calcium in diet, iv, 764. — effect of, on results of parathyroi- dectomy, i, 526. — histological examination in, iv, 749. — in breast fed children, iv, 249. — cause of, iv, 250. — metabolism in, summary of observa- tions, iv, 751. — metabolism experiments in, iv, 748. — relation to, of osteomalacia, iv, 734. — suprarenal therapy in, empiric, i, 140. — thyroid treatment for, i, 99. — transmittable infectious agent in, iv, 766. Riesman's sign, i, 324. Roentgen rays, distribution and elimi- nation of, iii, 874. — effects of, constitutional, iii, 887. — on blood and blood-forming or- gans, iii, 875. — on enzymes, iii, 878. — on immunity, iii, 876. on metabolism, in blood diseases, iv, 601. — in disease, iii, 884;> introduction to, iii, 871. normal, iii, 880. on tissues, iii, 874. toxic constitutional reaction fol- lowing exposure, iii, 888. 840 GENERAL INDEX Rontgen rays, in treatment of blood diseases, influence of, on metabolism, iv, 601. — measurement (standardization) of, iii, 872. — theories of action of, iii, 889. — treatment by, of Basedow's disease, iii, 887. of chronic lymphatic leukemia, iii, 884. — of myeloid leukemia, iii, 884. of pernicious anemia, iii, 886. — of pneumonia, unresolved, iii, 886. — of rheumatoid arthritis, iii, 886. Rb'ntgenological examinations, in hypo- thyroidism, i, 429. Rontgenologic treatment of acromegaly, i, 851. Rosacea, associated with diet, iv, 698. — with micellaneous causes, iv, 705. Rosenbach's sign, i, 324. Rubner, Max (1854- ), work of, on metabolism, iii, 75. Rutherford, Daniel (1749-1819), on "residual air" or nirogen gas, iii, 16. Salicylates, in treatment of gout, iv, 454. Saline cathartics, effects of, on metabo- lism, iii, 718. body temperature, iii, 718. carbohydrate metabolism, iii, 719. fat metabolism, iii, 718. mineral metabolism, iii, 719. — protein metabolism, iii, 718. — total metabolism, iii, 718. Saline solutions, for intravenous injec- tion, normal saline, iii, 796. reactions, iii, 801. — sodium chlorid, iii, 797. Saline waters, diuretic property of, iii, 847. — effects of, on gastric secretion, iii, 846. on pancreatic secretion, iii, 847. — on protein metabolism, iii, 847. Saliva, action of epinephrin on, phar- macodynamic, i, 127. — composition of, iii, 474. — constituents of, organic, iii, 474. — diastatic action of, iii, 475. — dilution of, effect of in concentrated mixtures, iii, 281. — reaction of, iii, 474. — thiocyanate content of, iii, 475. Salivary digestion, influence on, of water, iii, 281. — of carbohydrates, iii, 248. Salivary factor, iii, 475. Salivary glands, as endocrine organs, considerations of, ii, 736. status of problem and nature of evidence, iii, 735. Salivation, disturbances of, of autono- mic origin, i, 331. — in tetany, i, 611. Salt, in rectal feeding, iii, 812. — nutritive value of, iii, 308. — relation of, to water retention, iii, 311, 312. — See also Sodium chlorid. Salt and nitrogen, elimination of, in test day for renal function, iv, 377. Salt baths, iii, 863. Salt excretion, tests for, iv, 366. Salt fever, iii, 720. Salt formation of proteins, iii, 100. Salt glycosuria, iii, 722. Salt metabolism, of rectal feeding, iii, 812. Salt-poor diet, effect of, iii, 308, 313. Salt-rich diet, effects of, iii, 313. Salt solution, introduction of, into blood stream, for hemorrhage, iii, 791. Salt starvation, iii, 723. Salting out of proteins by electrolysis, iii, 99. Salts, aloin, effect of, on metabolism, iii, 719. — and water, in subcutaneous feeding, iii, 816. — effects of, on metabolism, iii, 718. — aloin, iii, 719. of organic acids, acetates and citrates, iii, 726. benzoates, iii, 726. oxalates, iii, 725. tartrates, iii, 726. potassium, lithium and others, iii, 724. saline cathartics, iii, 718. salt fever, iii, 720. — salt glycosuria, iii, 722. — salt starvation, iii, 723. — sodium chlorid, iii, 719. Sanctorius (1561-1636), on food and perspiration, iii, 7. Sand baths, iii, 863. Sandstrom, Ivar, discovery of parathy- roids, and influence of, on calcium metabolism (1880), i, 63. Santonin, effect of, on metabolism, iii, 776. Saprophytism, influence of, on bacte- rial metabolism, iii, 666. GENERAL INDEX 841 Sarcoma, of hypophysis cerebri, i, 798. — of the intestines, metabolism in, iv. 638. — of the testicle, ii, 488. — treatment of, by radium, iii, 887. Sarcomas of the thyroid gland. See Thyroid gland, carcinomas. Sarcomatous thymomata, ii, 391. Sarteschi's experiments with pineal gland extirpation, ii, 22. Satyriasis, ii, 521. Scapulae, in acromegaly, i, 826. Scarlatina, orchitis in, ii, 484. Scarlet fever, metabolism in, iv, 148. Scheele (1742-1786), discovery of oxy- gen by, experiments of, iii, 17, 18. Schlayer's theories of renal function in nephritis, iv, 355. Schmidt, C. (born 1822). See Bidder, F. W. and. Schmidt diet, iv, 674. Schmidt test, iii, 164. Scleroderma, in Graves' disease, i, 330. — thyroid treatment of, i, 105. Scleroproteins, iii, 83. Sclerosis, of the thymus, ii, 386. Scurvy, in breast-fed children, iv, 249. — cause of, iv, 250. — metabolism in, blood examination, iv, 885. complicated by rickets, iv, 884. historical, iv, 883. mineral, iv, 883, 886. nitrogen, iv, 886. — metabolism in, of animals, iv, 885. Seasickness, antispastic action of epi- nephrin in, i, 139. Season, influence of, on food consump- tion, iii, 387. Seasonal influences, in cretinic de- generation, i, 449. •^-in tetany, i, 579. idiopathic, i, 645. — on iodin content of thyroid gland, i, 250. Seborrhea, associated with miscellane- ous causes, iv, 703, 705. — and histamin, ii, 745. — and vasodilatin, ii, 745. — clinical application of, ii, 750. — definition of, i, 7. — intra-ocular tension in relation to nutrition and, ii, 768. — physiological evidence as to mode of action of, ii, 747. — physiological evidence as to presence of in blood, ii, 747, Seborrhea, relation of, to internal se- cretion of pancreas, ii, 748. — specific chemical action of, ii, 745. — specificity of action of, ii, 743. — specificity of distribution of, ii, 742. Secretions, action of epinephrin on, pharmacodynamic, i, 127. — effects on, of hypophysis feeding of posterior lobe, i, 764. Secretory disturbances, metabolism in, hyperacidity, hyperchlorhydria, hy- persecretion, iv, 611. — hyposecretion, hypochlorhydria, subacidity, achlorhydria, achylia, iv, Secretory innervation of intestines, disturbances of, metabolism in, iv, 637. Secretory phenomena of corpora lutea of ovary, ii, 547. Secretory processes of intestines, and metabolism, iv, 626. Secretory substances, specific, of gon- ads, male, ii, 427. See-saw sign, i, 327. Sella turcica, alterations in, due to dystrophia adiposogenitalis, i, 869. abnormally small sells, i, 873. — Cushing's three types of patho- logically deformed and enlarged sel- ls, i, 872. — x-ray sella, i, 870. — and diabetes insipidus, iv, 870. — in adiposogenitalis, character of, in relation to salient features of symp- tomatology, Timme's tabulation, i, 874. — studies of, in relation of epilepsy and hypopituitarism, i, 873. Seminal vesicles, relation of testes to, ii, 456. Seminoma, ii, 487. Senescence, adrenals in, i, 23. — anatomical changes in, i, 22. — changes incident to, Goodpasture on, i, 22. — hypophysis in, i, 24. — ovarian changes in, i, 24. — parathyroid glands in, i, 23. — physical debility of, not anatomical, i, 22. — pineal organ in, i, 24. — suprarenals in, i, 23. — thymus in, i, 24. — thyroid gland in, i, 23. Senile atrophy of the thyroid gland, i, 282. Senile cataract, ii, 761. 842 GENEKAL INDEX Senility, and hypothyroidism, i, 418. — corneal changes in, ii, 761. — effect of, on testicle, ii, 480. — skin affections of eye due to, ii, 798. Sensibility of intestines, disturbances of, metabolism in, iv, 637. Sensory stimulation, inducing suprare- nal secretion, evidence of, ii, 172. Sensory tetany, i, 622. Sepsin, iii, 685. Sepsis, blood transfusion in, iii, 833. Sepsis of infectious diseases, hypophys- eal hormonotherapy for, i, 115. Septic infection, of ovaries, ii, 603. Serin, iii, 111. Serotherapy, in treatment of tetany, i, 693. Serum disease, blood coagulation in, iv, 221. — clinical picture of, iv, 218. — definition of, iv, 219. — factors concerning development and recovery from, iv, 221. — incubation period of, iv, 219. — mechanism causing, iv, 221. — reactions in, accelerated, iv, 220. immediate, iv, 220. normal, iv, 219. -types of, iv, 219. — tissue changes in, iv, 220. Serum proteins, iii, 428. Serum therapy, in treatment of exoph- thalmic goiter, i, 369. Sex, alterations in, and their relations to the testes, assumption of male characteristics by the female, ii, 466. sex-intergrades, ii, 467. — and blood composition, influence of internal secretion of testes, ii, 463. — and heredity, in relation to oph- thalmology and endocrinology, ii, 756. — anomalies of, pubertas precox, ii, 345. variations in suprarenals with, ii, 65. — See also Pseudohermaphroditism. ^-as factor in Addison's disease, ii, 278. • cretinic degeneration, i, 448. • cystinuria, iv, 524. • diabetes insipidus, iv, 863. • dystrophia adiposogenitalis, i, 904. • exophthalmic goiter, i, 305. • hypothyroidism, i, 384. iodin content of thyroid, i, 250. • obesity, iv, 34. Sex, as factor in Addison's disease, pellagra, iv, 902. — assumption of male characteristics by the female, ii, 466. — changes, in senescence, i, 24. — with muscular dystrophies, ii, 910. — characteristics, and the breeding season, ii, 432. male, assumption of, by the fe- male, ii, 466. — characters, effects on, of vasectomy, ii, 442. genetic system of, according to Lipschiitz, ii, 577. — of vertebrata, grouping of, by Lip- schiitz, ii, 556. relation between secondary and somatic, ii, 438. secondary, male, relationship be- tween interstitial cells of the testes and, ii, 439. — relationship between the testes and, in birds, ii, 435. in crustaceans, ii, 435. in insects, ii, 434. in mammals, ii, 436. in the triton, ii, 435. — cycles, analogies between those of man and of other mammalia, ii, 592. — differences, variations in suprare- nals with, ii, 65. — differentiation, vascularization of gonads and, ii, 449. — epochs, and dystrophia adiposogeni- talis, i, 905. — evolution of factors characterizing, genital organs, ii, 432. relation of reproduction to sex, ii, 431. sexual instincts, ii, 432. — glands, chart of, ii, 955. gigantism in childhood associated with, ii, 832. relation of, to growth and devel- opment, i, 195. relation of, to, metabolism, iv, 754. relationship between suprarenals .and, ii, 273. sex specific action of internal se- cretion of, ii, 556. — impulses, effect on, of fasting and undernutrition, iv, 23. in aci'omegaly, i, 807. — influence of, in basal metabolism, iii, 614. of children, iii, 652. new-born, iii, 635. GENERAL INDEX 843 Sex, instincts, and the breeding season, ii, 432. characteristics, ii, 432. occurrence of, ii, 432. purpose of, ii, 432. — intergrades, ii, 467. — in tetany, i, 578. idiopathic, i, 646. — nonreproductive tissue associated with and establishing, ii, 434. — organs, established, influence of in- ternal secretion of testes upon, ii, 454. — relation of reproduction to, ii, 431. Sexual anomalies, in hypothyroidism, i, 410. Sexual apparatus, in obesity, iv, 35. — ocular symptoms due to disorders of, ii, 780. Sexual characteristics, influence on, of testicular extracts, i, 145. — of achondroplasic dwarfs, i, 70. — of hypothyroidism, i, 416. — primary and secondary, early changes in, in pineal disease, ii, 54. — secondary, ii, 432. influence on, of endocrin glands, ii, 345. gonads, ii, 350. pineal body or epiphysis, ii, 347. — pituitary gland, anterior por- tion, ii, 348. suprarenal, ii, 349. thymus, ii, 346. Sexual desire and power, in acromeg- aly, i, 839. Sexual development, effects of hypoph- ysis feeding on, i, 739. of anterior lobe, 741. • — precocious, due to pineal gland feed- ing, ii, 11. — relation of hypophysis to, i, 194. Sexual evidences of diabetes insipidus, iv, 870. Sexual frigidity in pituitary disorders, i, 69. Sexual function, correlation of endo- crin glands with, i, 69. — relation of thyroid gland to, i, 239. Sexual infantilism, without obesity, myxinfantile or myxedematous type (typus Brissaud), i, 69. — typus Lorain, i, 69. Sexual manifestations of dystrophia adiposogenitalis, i, 893. Sexual retardation, in cretinic degener- ation, i, 462. Sexual secretions, Bordeu's, de, theory of, i, 47, 50. Sexual stages, metabolism and, ii, 460. Sexuality, extreme, in achondroplasics, i, 70. Shock, acidosis in, iv, 256. — basal metabolism in, iv, 257. — chemical blood changes in, iv, 258. -hypophyseal hormonotherapy for, i, 116. — indications for blood transfusion in, iii, 830. - traumatic. See Traumatic shock. Silica, distribution of, in human bodv iii, 308. Silicon, content of, in thyroid gland, i, Skeletal anomalies, in muscular dys- trophies, ii, 909. Skeletal undergrowth and infantilism, in dystrophia adiposogenitalis, i, 876. Skeleton, description of, in acromegaly, i, 818. — effect on, of phosphorus, iii, 751. Skin, action on, of light energy, iii, 891. — affections of eye, ii, 797. — blepharitis and red lids, ii, 797, 798. — conjunctivitis, other forms of, ii, 799, 800. — due to senility, ii, 798. — eosinophilia, ii, 797. — falling out of lashes and eye- brows, ii, 797. — lymphatic states, ii, 799. — organotherapy for, ii, 798. — phlyctenular keratitis and con- junctivitis, ii, 799. styes, ii, 798. thyroid treatment in, i, 104. — vasoconstricting action of epi- nephrin in, i, 138. — changes, in acromegaly, i, 834. — endocrin influence on, i, 26. — foundations of hydrotherapy in functions and activity of, iii, 855. — in cretinic degeneration, i, 461. — in the urine, iii, 502. — loss of heat from, iii, 603. Skull, in acromegaly, i, 831. Smooth muscle in skin, response of, to epinephrin, ii, 242. Socrates, on food, iii, 4. Soda-edema, iv, 158. Sodium, in cerebrospinal fluid, iii, 473. — in the blood, iii, 450. — in the urine, iii, 502. 844 GENERAL INDEX Sodium bicarbonate, intravenous infu- sion of, as routine measure before and after surgical procedures, iii, 793. in acidosis, iii, 792. 1 reaction of urine in, attention to, iii, 793. — solutions of, for intravenous infu- sion, iii, 792, 793, 799. reactions, iii, 801. Sodium chlorid, as causative agent of nephritic toxicosis, iv, 395. • — as causative agent of uremia, iv, 391. — content of, in blood, iii, 314. — content of plasma in heart failure, iv, 173. — effects of, on body temperature, iii, 719. on metabolism, iii, 719. • mineral, iii, 719. • on nitrogen, iii, 721. on total, iii, 721. • salt glycosuria, iii, 722. salt starvation, iii, 723. — — water, iii, 720. Sodium chlorid fever, iii, 720. — relation of, to diet, iii, 312. — See also Salt. Sodium monourate, deposition of, in gout, iv, 439. Sodium salt, in milk, human and cow's, iii, 478. Sonden and Tigerstedt's apparatus for measuring respiratory exchange, iii, 516. Sour milk therapy and bacterial me- tabolism, iii, 700. — in bacillary dysentery, iii, 709. Spallanzani (1729-1799), experiments relating to oxygen and carbonic acid gas, iii, 32. Spasm, diaphragm, differentiated from tetany, i, 677. — facial, differentiated from tetany, i, 677. • — of the glottis, differentiated from tetany, i, 677. Spasmophilia, differentiated from tet- any, i, 680. — infantile, iv, 806. Special sense, nerves of, increased ex- citability of, in tetany, i, 609. Special senses, in cretinic degenera- tion, i, 462. Specific cytolysis, as means of creat- ing gland deficiency, i, 41. Specific ferment test of Abderhalden, in diagnosis of hyperthyroidism, i, 495. Specific secretory substances, of gonads, male, ii, 427. Speech, affections of, in hypothyroid- ism, i, 412. — loss of, in cretinic degeneration, i, 462. Spermatic nerves, relation of, to inter- stitial cells of the testes, ii, 460. Spermin, terminology of, i, 6. Sphingomyelin, of brain, iii, 470. Spinal cord, erection centers of testes and, ii, 459. Spinal cord complications, of acromeg- aly, i, 847. Spine, in acromegaly, i, 824. Spirometers, for measuring respiratory exchange, Boothby's, iii, 535. - Speck's, iii, 534. - Tissot method, iii, 535. Spleen, and digestive function, ii, 664. — and its hemopoiesis, blood-producing organs, ii, 669. — lymph nodes, ii, 667. the blood, ii, 668. thymus, ii, 667. — and metabolism, ii, 666. — and pathologic conditions, ii, 670. — and the blood, ii, 668. — and the blood-producing organs, ii, 669. — «and the liver, ii, 665. — and the lymph nodes, ii, 667. — and the pancreas, ii, 664 — and the thymus, ii, 667. — chemistry of, ii, 670. — effect of epinephrin on circulation of, ii, 212. — effect of, on metabolism, iii, 785. — enlargement of, in exophthalmic goiter, i, 352. — extracts of, effect of, ii, 670. — function of, conclusions on, ii, 670. — general status of problem of, ii, 663. positive statements in regard to, ii, 671. — influence of, on iron metabolism, iv, 596. — in relation to anaphylaxis, ii, 669. to immunity, ii, 669. to infection, ii, 669. — regulatory influence of, in blood for- mation and destruction, iv, 562. — role of, in iron metabolism, iii, 331. — transplantation of parathyroid glands into, i, 686, 689. Splenectomy, in blood diseases, influ- ence of, on metabolism, iv, 596. GEKEEAL IKDEX 845 Splenectomy, influence of, on metabo- lism, in blood diseases, iv, 596. clinical observations, iv, 597. experimental observations, iv, 596. Splenomegaly, hypophyseal hormono- therapy in, i, 118. Spoiled air, or nitrogen, of Scheele, iii, 17. Spring catarrh, ii, 800. Sputum, in tuberculosis, iv, 134. Stahl (1660-1734) "phlogiston theory of combustion of, iii, 11. Starch, iii, 247. — conversion of, into fat, Voit, iii, 73. Stark, William (1740-1770), on diet, in history of metabolism, iii, 12. Starvation, Allen method of, in dia- betes, iv, 26. — cause of death from, iv, 25. — creatinin excretion during, iii, 178. — duration of life in, with and without water, iv, 5. — in epilepsy, therapeutic use of, iv, 27. — metabolism during, protein, iii, 116, 117. — percentage loss in weight of various organs in, iv, 18. — percentage loss of body weight in, iv, 24. — salt, iii, 723. — water. See Water starvation. — See also Fasting; and Undernutri- tion. Stature, influence on, of gonads, i, 26. — of hypophysis, i, 25. — of thyroid, i, 26. Status hypoplasticus of Julius Bartels (1908), i, 55. Status lymphaticus, differentiated from hypothyroidism, i, 422. -in Addison's disease, ii, 282, 301. Status thymicolymphaticus, and su- prarenals, ii, 274. — as a major endocrin syndrome, ii, 937. — chart of, ii, 956. — definition of Symmers, ii, 403. — diagnosis of, in women, ii, 404. — diagnostic criteria (Haven Emer- son), ii, 403. — differentiated from neurasthenia, ii, 408. — effect of, in military life, ii, 405, 406. — etiology of, ii, 406. — first established by Paltauf, i, 55. Status thymicolymphaticus, frequency of, in Addison's disease, ii, 288. - hyperplasia in, ii, 405. — hypoplasia of chromaphil system with, ii, 288. — in Addison's disease, ii, 282. — infantilism in, dystrophic, ii, 872. — introduction to, ii, 403. — occurrence of, according to age and sex, ii, 404. — prognosis of (Symmers), ii, 404. — subjective symptoms of, ii, 408. — tonsils in, ii, 405. — treatment of, by hygiene, ii, 408. — by stimulation, ii, 408. Steapsin, iii, 192. Steatorrhea, clinical occurrence of, iv, 678. — of autonomic origin, i, 332. Stellwag's sign, i, 319. Stenosis, of duodenum, tetany due to, i, 649. — of esophagus, antispastic action of epinephrin in, i, 140. Sterility, ovarian therapy in, i, 158. Sternum and clavicles, in acromegaly, i, 826. Sterols, iii, 188. Stomach, as an endocrin organ early work with gastrin, ii, 737. general conclusions and clinical application, ii, 741. — mode of action of gastrin, ii, 740. — specific chemical nature of gas- trin, ii, 740. — specific formation or distribution of gastrin activity, ii, 737. — specificity of gastrin activity, ii, 739. — status of problem and nature of evidence, ii, 735. — contents, pancreatic ferments in, testing for presence of, iv, 664. — diseases of, metabolism in. See Gas- tric diseases, metabolism in. — fat metabolism in, absorption, iii, 190. — digestion, iii, 189. jn passage from, to intestines, iii, 191. — function of, iv, 608. — metabolism in diseases of, iv, 607. See also Gastric diseases, metabolism of. — passage from, of water, iii. 286. Stools, fatty, in pancreatic disease, iv, 664, 665. 846 GENEBAL INDEX Stools, in metabolism disturbances of infancy, alkaline, iv, 784. - "soap," iv, 783, 785. — in pancreatic disease, iv, 676, 677. fractional composition of, iv, 679. See also Steatorrhea and Creator- rhea. — pancreatic ferments in, testing for presence of, iv, 664. — urobilin in, iii, 165. clinical significance of increased amount of, iii, 167, 168. determination of, iii, 167. diagnostic value of, iii, 169. Structural chemical requirements for bacterial development, iii, 669. Struma basedowiana, i, 355. — basedowificata, i, 355. — pituitaria of hypophysis cerebri, i, 795. — See Goiter. — vasculosa, i, 355. Strumectomy, tetany in, avoidance of. i, 683. — prognosis of, i, 670. Strychnin, action of, on epinephriii output, ii, 146, 149. Strychnin poisoning, differentiated from tetany, i, 676. Strychnine, effect of, on metabolism, iii, 775. Styes, ii, 798. Subacidity, metabolism in, iv, 612. Subcutaneous feeding, iii, 814. — of carbohydrates, iii, 816. — of fats, iii, 815. — of protein, iii, 815. — of salts and water, iii, 816. Sucrose, ii'i,.245. — formula for, iii, 244. Sugar, cleavage of, von Liebig's obser- vations on, iii, 47. — conversion of protein into fat and, iii, 73. — excretion, total of. fermentable and unfermentable, iv, 265. — function of pancreas, ii. 702. — in cerebrosrnnal fluid, iii, 473. — in edema fluids, iv. 162. — of blood. See Blood sugar. — of the urine, iii, 499. Sua-ars, effects of, upon intestinal flora of nurslings, experimental evidence of. iii, 694. — polymerization of. iii, 225. — reactions of. with substituted hydra- zines. iii, 232. — reduction of, iii, 230. Sugars, specific rotations of, table of, iii, 225. — terminology of, iii, 213. — other than glucose in diabetic urine, iv, 267. Suker's sign, i, 320. Sulphates, in the blood, iii, 454. — in the urine, iii, 502. Sulphatids, of brain, iii, 470. Sulphonal, effect of, on metabolism, iii, 764. Sulphur, amount of, in bone, iv, 743. — distribution in urine in infantilism, 814. tables, iv, 81$, 816. — excretion, in fasting, iv, 14. — in cystin, iv, 515. — in metabolism, iii, 332. — lead reaction, iii, 98. — metabolism, in blood diseases, iv, 591. in osteomalacia, iv, 745. — partition in cystinuria, iv, 534. — waters, iii, 851. Superstition of homeopathic or sym- pathetic magic, Chthonian cult of ancient Greeks, i, 48. — medieval doctrine of signatures, i, 48. Suprarenal capsules, Addison's mono- graph on suprarenals, in common with spleen, thymus and thyroid body, ministering to the elaboration of the blood, i, 55. — Addison's monograph "On the Con- stitutional and Local Effects of Dis- ease of," i, 54. — diseased condition of, and pernicious anemia, i, 54. Suprarenal cortex, hypernephromata of, in virilismus, ii, 355, 356. Suprarenal deficiency, acute, effect of, on blood-pressure, ii, 195. — See also Hypoadrenia. Suprarenal disorders, in exophthalmic goiter, i, 345. — in Graves' disease, i, 345. Suprarenal extirpation, effects of, i, 17. Suprarenal extract, active principle of, distribution of. as between the cortex and the medulla, ii. 190. — earlier work on, Oliver and Schaefer, ii. 187. — effect of. on arterial system, ii, 188. on heart, ii. 189. pressor, ii, 191. subcutaneous administration, ii, 188. GENERAL INDEX 847 Suprarenal extract, intravenous injec- tions of, Oliver and Schaefer's ex- periments on, effects of, i, 28. vaso-constrictor, ii, 191. — problem of, ii, 189. — See also Suprarenals, hormonother- apy of, and organotherapy of; and Epinephrin. Suprarenal function, tonus theory of, i, 16. Suprarenal glands, abscess formation in, due to metastatic foci in pyemic conditions, ii, 268. — amenorrhea due to disturbances of, ii, 626. — and gonads, ii, 349. — associated changes in other endocrin glands in Addison's disease, ii, 282. — atrophy of, in Addison's disease, ii, 280. — chart of, ii, 952. of chromaffin system, ii, 953. of interrenal system, ii, 954. — chromaffin system, chart of, ii, 953. — chromaphil system, in Addison's dis- ease, ii, 281. — clinical syndromes of, Addison's dis- ease, ii, 277. See also Addison's disease. hypoadrenia, ii, 313. See also Hypoadrenia. pseudohermaphrodism, ii, 329. See also Pseudohermaphrodism. — cortex of, chemistry of, ii, 95. functions of, ii, 287. lipoid content of, in Addison's disease, ii, 282. — deficiency of, resulting in muscular and circulatory weakness, i, 42. — destructive lesions of, experimen- tally produced, ii, 315. — extirpation of, clinical phenomena following, leading to recognition of condition of hypoadrenia, ii, 314. death following, theories as to cause of, ii, 314. — function of, ii, 190. in relation to pathogenesis of Addison's disease, ii, 285. inadequate knowledge of, ii, 289. of cortex, ii, 287. of medulla, ii, 286. presumably separate functions of gland substance, ii, 287. — interrenal system, chart of, ii, 954.^ — lipoid content of cortex of, in Addi- son's disease, ii, 282. Suprarenal glands, medulla of, epi- nephrin content of, in Addison's dis- ease, ii, 282. -functions of, ii, 286. — neoplasms of, in Addison's disease, ii, 281. — pathology of, in Addison's disease, ii, 279. — relation of, to circulation, ii, 187. -to thyroid, ii, 920. — significance of, in relation to the vital processes, ii, 127. - "tonus theory" of, ii, 190, 195. — transplantation of, in Addison's dis- ease, i'i, 305. hirsutismus associated with, ii. 357. — underfunction of, chart of, ii, 952. — See also Hypoadrenia. Suprarenal gland therapy, in Addison's disease, ii, 305. — data concerning physiological ac- tion of gland substance, ii, 306. — of epinephrin, ii, 307. — earlier preparations and adminis- tration, ii, 306. general conclusions from reports of, ii, 309. Suprarenal glycosuria, action of epi- nephrin on, pharmacodynamic, i, 127. Suprarenal hemorrhage, ii, 317. — causes of, ii, 317. — syndrome associated with, ii, 318. — termination of, ii, 318. Suprarenal insufficiency, acute, altered composition of blood in, ii, 108. and accumulation of toxins in body, ii, 107. — hypoglycemia in, ii, 109. post-mortem findings in, ii, 113. reduction in metabolism during, ii, 108. — results of suprarenal extirpation, ii, 101. suprarenal therapy for, i, 132. symptoms of, ii, 105. — gastro-intestinal, ii, 112. — in autonomic nervous system, ii, 112. — muscular asthenia, ii, 106. pigmentation, ii, 111. respiratory changes, ii, 110. — chronic, ii, 114. — functional, suprarenal therapy for, i, 134. Suprarenal medulla, emergency func- tion of, interpretation of, ii, 183. introduction to, ii, 171. 848 GENERAL INDEX Suprarenal pharmacology, earlier work on, Oliver and Schaefer, ii, 187. See also Suprarenal extract. Suprarenal secretion, as cause of ar- terial hypertension in nephritis, iv, 404. — control of, i, 168. — Gley and Quinquaud's view that epi- nephrin is not carried by the circu- lation, ii, 183. — induced by asphyxia, ii, 174. — Anrep, ii, 174. Cannon and Hoskins, ii, 174. Gasser and Meek, ii, 175. — Gley and Quinquaud, ii, 175. — induced by excitement, Cannon and de la Paz, ii, 175. Cannon and Mendenhall, ii, 176. — denervated heart, ii, 176. Lamson, ii, 176. — induced by sensory stimulation, An- rep's studies on, ii, 173. Cannon and Hoskins, catheter method of, ii, 177. positive evidence, discussion of, ii, 177. — review of, ii, 172. Cannon and Rapport, denervated heart, ii, 174. Stewart and RogofFs arguments opposed to, ii, 178. Florovsky's studies on, ii, 173. Ostrogorsky's studies on, ii, 173. — Stewart and Rogoff's view of, ii, 180. Suprarenal substitution, ii, 117. Suprarenal therapy, epinephrin an ac- tive principle rather than the active principle of gland, i, 9. Suprarenal tissue, outlying, i, 40. — accessory, ii, 59, 285. formation of, ii, 60. independence of cortex and me- dulla, ii, 63. innervation, ii, 61. lymphatics, ii, 61. relation of cortex to lipoid for- mation, ii, 63. — active substance of, epinephrin, dem- onstrated in blood of the adrenal veins, ii, 127. by frog perfusion method (in cats and rabbits), ii, 128. by rabbit intestine segment method (in dogs), ii, 129. Suprarenals, Addison's disease pro- duced by removal of Brown- Sequard's experiments (1856), i, 60. Suprarenals, amount in, of cholesterol and cholesterol esters under different conditions, ii, 266. — amyloid degeneration of, ii, 263. — anatomy of, comparative, conditions in amphibia, ii, 67. — in fishes, ii, 66. — in invertebrates, ii, 66. — in reptiles and birds, ii, 67. — constancy of cell types, ii, 68. — duality of Suprarenals, ii, 66. — quantitative relations, ii, 68. — gross morphology and relations, ii, 59. — of accessory Suprarenals, ii, 59. — formation, ii, 60. independence of cortex and medulla, ii, 63. — innervation, ii, 61. — lymphatics, ii, 61. — relation of cortex to lipoid for- mation, ii, 63. — antispastic action of epinephrin, i, 138. — aplasia of, ii, 259. — in conditions of anencephaly, ii, 259. in fetuses in which cerebral hemi- spheres failed to develop, ii, 259. — autonomic system, and, control of suprarenal secretion, i, 168. — epinephrin, control of, i, 168. — pharmacodynamic action of, i, 167. — sympathetic system and, i, 167. relation to glycosuria, i, 168. — — relation to vascular system, i, 169. — blood supply of, ii, 61. — changes in, after birth, ii, 260. pathological, as a result of infec- tions and intoxications, ii, 261. — chemistry of, adrenalin, amount of pressor compound present in, ii, 91. history of, ii, 82, 83, 84. properties of, ii, 88. quantitative determination of, ii, 90. synonyms of, ii, 92. synthesis of, ii, 85. epinephrin, distribution of, ii, 93. history of (Abel), ii, 80, 81. — terminology of, ii, 92. historical, ii, 77. — adrenalin (Aldrich), ii, 83, 84, 92. (Batelli's method), ii, 84. (Bertrand's method), ii, 84. GENERAL INDEX 849 Suprarenal s, chemistry of, historical, adrenalin (Takamine's method), ii 82, 92. (Weidlein), ii, 84. earlier work, ii, 77. Arnold, ii, 78. Colin (1856), ii, 77. Henle (1865), ii, 77. Holm, ii, 78. Krukenberg, ii, 78, 79. Vulpian (1856), ii, 77, 78. epinephrin or alkaloidal epi- nephrin (Abel), ii, 80. epinephrin hydrate or na- tive epinephrin (Abel), ii, 81. — terminology of, ii, 92. later work, Abel, Prof. John J., ii, 80, 81. formula of, for epineph- rin, ii, 80. later method of extract- ing compound, ii, 83. Aldrich, ii, 83, 84. Batelli, ii, 84. Bertrand, ii, 84. Fraenkel, ii, 79. Freund's electrolytic meth- od for reduction of impurities, ii, 84. Moore, ii, 80. Miihlmann, ii, 79. Oliver and Schaefer (1894), ii, 79. Takamine, ii, 82, 83. Von Fiirth, ii, 81, 82. Weidlein, ii, 84. pyridin (Moore), ii, 80. pyrocatechol (Miihlmann), ii, 79. pyrrol (Abel), ii, 81. sphygmogenin (Fraenkel), ii, 79. suprarenin (Yon Fiirth), ii, 82. of chromaffin tissue, ii, 94. — chromaffin tissue, chemistry of, ii, 94. — compensatory hypertrophy of tissue of, ii, 103. — congenital anomalies of, aplasia, ii, 259. dystopias, ii, 261. hypoplasias, ii, 259. — congestion of, sinusoids, ii, 262. clear cells and their inclusions, lipoid substances, ii, 68. pigment and mitochondria, ii, 68. — reticular apparatus, ii, 69. Suprarenals, congestion of, sinusoids dark cells, ii, 69. — relation between light and dark, ii, 69. — differentiation of, ii, 64. — independence of medulla and, ii, — origin of, ii, 63. — pathological changes in constitu- ents of, as a result of infections and intoxications, ii, 264. — physiology of, ii, 122. relation of, to lipoid formation, ii, 63. — secretory antecedents, ii, 70. — tumors of, ii, 270. — zones of, ii, 68. — degeneration of, amyloid, ii, 263. — parenchymatous, ii, 263. — degree of chromaphil staining, ii, 266. — duality of, ii, 66, 285. — edema of, ii, 262. — embryology of, appearance of chro- maphil reaction, ii, 64. — differentiation of cortex, ii, 64. — origin of cortex, ii, 63. — origin of medulla, ii, 64. — paraganglia, ii, 65. — variations in, under different con- ditions, ii, 65. — empiric action of epinephrin, i, 140. — endocrin factors affecting, ii, 66. — epinephrin content of, in Addison's disease, ii, 282. — epinephrin in, amount of, ii, 266. — and blood sugar content, ii, 109, 157. function of, in body, ii, 151. — indispensability of, ii, 161. — quantitative output of, ii, 131. action on, of drugs, ii, 146. — control of, by nervous system, ii, 134. — influenced by asphyxia, ii, 143. — epinephrin store of, ii, 164. • — extirpation of, and accumulation of toxins in body, ii, 107. results of, ii, 101. altered composition of blood, ii, 108. differential effects of extirpa- tion of each component, ii, 104. — functions of, removal of toxic prod- ucts of fatigue, ii, 107. — gross morphology and relations of, ii, 59. — growth of, ii, 66. 850 GENERAL INDEX Suprarenals, hemorrhage of, ii, 262. • — histology of, cortex, cell types, ii, 68. • zones of, ii, 68. medulla, ii, 70. — hormonotherapy of, antispastic ac- tion of, i, 138. in bronchial asthma, i, 138. in diarrhea, i, 140. • in stenosis of esophagus, i, 140. in vomiting, i, 139. empiric, bone diseases, i, 140. — epinephrin and the arsenical antisyphilitic preparations, i, 140. — undesirable results and contra- dictions, i, 141. — pharmacodynamic, i, 124. See also Epinephrin. — symptomatic, i, 134. vasoconstricting action, i, 134. vasoconstricting action, in ali- mentary canal, i, 136. in eye, i, 136. — in genito-urinary tract, i, 136. — in hemorrhage, accessible, i, 135, 136. -inaccessible, i, 137, 138. local anesthesia, i, 135. mouth and upper air passages, i, 135. remote or systemic, i, 137. — skin affections, i, 138. — hypertrophy of, in, connection with conditions of arteriosclerosis with hypertension, ii, 268. — hypoplasia of, ii, 259. in conditions of anencephaly, ii, 259. in fetuses in which cerebral hemi- spheres failed to develop, ii, 259. — in senescence, i, 23. — innervation of, ii, 61. — lipoid formation, relation of cortex to, ii, 63. — lipoid substances, ii, 69. — lymphatics of, ii, 61. — medulla of, cytology of, ii, 70. emergency function of, introduc- tion to, ii, 171. independence of cortex and, ii, 63. michrochemical reactions, ii, 71. chromaphil, ii, 71. appearance of, ii, 64. ferric chlorid, ii, 71. osmic acid reaction, ii, 72. silver nitrate, ii, 72. origin of, ii, 64. Suprarenals, medulla of, pathological changes in constituents of, as a result of infections and intoxications, ii, 264. secretions of, discharge, ii, 72. secretory changes in, ii, 72. — tumors of, 271. — rare primary malignant, mela- noma, ii, 272. ripe type of, ganglioneuromata, ii, 271. neuroblastoma, ii, 272. — unripe type of, paraganglio- mata, ii, 271. — mitochondria, ii, 68. — necroses of, focal, ii, 261. — organotherapy of, i, 131. in acute suprarenal insufficiency (acute hypoadrenia), i, 132. in Addison's disease, i, 131. in circulatory failure of infec- tious diseases, i, 132. in collapse of infectious diseases, i, 133. in Erb's myasthenia, i, 134. in suprarenal insufficiency (hypo- adrenia), i, 134. — paraganglia of, ii, 65. — parenchymatous degeneration of, ii, 263. — pathological anatomy and histology of, changes as a result of infections and intoxications, ii, 261. congenital anomalies, ii, 259. in Addison's disease, ii, 268. in its relationship to other endo- crin glands, ii, 272. introduction to, ii, 257. post-mortem alterations, ii, 258. tumors, ii, 270. — pathological changes in, as a result of infections and intoxications, ii, 261. abscess formation due to metasta- tic foci in pyemic conditions, ii, 268. amount of cholesterol and choles- terol esters in different conditions, ii, 266. congestion of the sinusoids, ii, 262. degeneration, amyloid, ii, 263. parenchymatous, ii, 263. degree of chromaphil staining, ii, 266. edema, ii, 262. epinephrin load, ii, 266. focal necroses, ii, 261. hemorrage, ii, 262. GENEKAL INDEX 851 Suprarenals, pathological changes in, hypertrophy, ii, 268. in constituents of cortex and me- dulla, ii, 264. syphilitic disease, ii, 268. tuberculosis, in Addison's disease, ii, 268. — pathology of, in Addison's disease, ii, 268. in its relationship to other endo- crin glands, ii, 272. general growth, ii, 273. pituitary, ii, 274. sexual glands, ii, 273. status thymolymphaticus, ii, 274. thyroid, ii, 273. — pharmacodynamic action of epineph- rin, i, 124. See also Epinephrin. — pharmacology and toxicology of, ii, 237. location of epinephrin action, ii, 252. : response in alimentary canal to epinephrin, ii, 238. response to epinephrin of body temperature, ii, 249. of bronchioles, ii, 241. of genital organs, ii, 240. of glands, ii, 243. of kidney activity, ii, 244. of metabolism, general, ii, 246. sugar, ii, 246. of muscular activity, ii, 250. of pigment cells, ii, 242. of smooth muscle in skin, ii, 242. of sweat glands, ii, 242. of ureter, bladder and urethra, ii, 239. respiratory, ii, 243. response of the pupil to epineph- rin, ii, 237. toxic effects of epinephrin, ii, 251. — physiological development of, course of, ii, 260. stages of, ii, 260. — physiology and experimental pathol- ogy of, compensatory hypertrophy of suprarenal tissue, ii, 103. detoxicating or toxin-neutralizing function of, ii, 107. differential effects of extirpation of each component of suprarenals, ii, 104. — introduction to, ii, 101. reaction to various factors, inani- tion, ii, 121. Suprarenals, physiology and experimen- tal pathology of, reaction to various factors, burns, ii, 120. — cholesterol feeding, ii, 121. cold, ii, 121. diet, ii, 121. fatigue, ii, 120. — pregnancy, ii, 121. toxins, ii, 119. — suprarenal insufficiency, acute, ii, 101. — altered composition of blood in, ii, 108. — — conditions in autonomic nerv- ous system, ii, 112. — gastro-intestinal symptoms, ii, 112. — hypoglycemia, ii, 109. muscular asthenia symptom of, ii, 106. pigmentation in, ii, 111. — post-mortem findings in, ii, 113. reduction in metabolism dur- ing, ii, 108. — respiratory changes in, ii, 110. symptoms of, ii, 105. — — suprarenal insufficiency, chronic, ii, 114. suprarenal substitution, ii, 117. — physiology of, of the cortex, ii, 122. — pigment, ii, 68. — post-mortem alterations in, ii, 258. — proportions of, to kidney in normal and abnormal fetuses, ii, 259. — quantitative relations of, ii, 68. — reactions, microchemical, chroma- phil, ii, 71. — appearance of, ii, 64. ferric chlorid, ii, 71. osmic acid reaction, ii, 72. — silver nitrate, ii, 72. — relation of, to glycosuria, i, 168. to growth, ii, 124. to various factors, inanition, ii, 121. — burns, ii, 120. chloresterol feeding, ii, 121. cold, ii, 121. diet, ii, 121. fatigue, ii, 120. pregnancy, ii, 121. toxins, ii, 119. to vascular system, i, 169. — reticular apparatus, ii, 69. — seasonal variations affecting, ii, 65. — secretions of medulla, discharge of, ii, 72. 852 GENEKAL INDEX Suprarenals, secretory antecedents in cortex, ii, 70. — secretory changes in medulla, ii, 72. — sex anomalies and differences affect- ing, ii, 65. — symptomatic therapy with, i, 134. — syphilitic disease of, ii, 268. — tuberculosis of, in Addison's disease, ii, 268, 280. — tumors of, ii, 271. — • — medullary, ii, 271. rare primary malignant, mela- noma, ii, 272. ripe type of, ganglioneuromata, ii, 271. neuroblastoma, ii, 272. unripe type of, paraganglio- mata, ii, 271. metastatic carcinomata and sar- comata, ii, 272. of the cortex, ii, 270. — variations in, under different condi- tions, from endocrin factors, ii, 66. growth, ii, 66. seasonal variations, ii, 65. sex differences, ii, 65. with sex anomalies, ii, 65. — vasoconstricting action of epineph- rin, i, 134. Surface area, law of, iii, 594. criticism of, iii, 597. — measurement of, iii, 595. — Meeh formula for determining, iv, 31. — of body, heat production in infants per square meter of, iii, 646. relation of heat radiation to, table, iii, 610. relation of, to body weight, table, iii, 598. Sweat, composition of, iii, 512. table of, iii, 513. — diastatic ferment in, iii, 513. — glands, response of, to epinephrin, ii, 242. — methods employed to collect, iii, 51?. — nitrogen content of, iii, 513. — secretion, baths and, iii, 867. — substances excreted in, iii, 512. — total solids in, iii, 513. — urea in, iii, 513. — uric acid, in, iiiz 513. — volume eliminated, iii, 512. Sympathectomy, for exophthalmic goi- ter, i, 375. Sympathetic and parasympathetic hy- perirritability in Graves' disease, i, 172. Sympathetic hyperirritability. See Sympathicotonia. Sympathetic system, alterations in, in Addison's disease, ii, 281. — and adrenals, influence of, on glyco- genesis, glycogenolysis and glucoly- sis, iii, 257. — changes in ganglia of, in Graves' disease, i, 173. — relationship of epinephrin to, i, 167. — thyroid relationship to, clinical sig- nificance of, i, 171. Sympatheticotonia, ocular, ii, 787. Sympathicotonia, definition and physi- ology of, i, 164. — manifestations of, i, 165. — variability of symptomatology as clinically seen, i, 166. Synapse, i, 73. Syntheses, in blood poisons, iii, 745. Synthesis, of carbohydrates, iii, 226. Syphilidotoxic dystrophies, ii, 874. Syphilis, as cause of diabetes insipidus, iv, 866. — as cause of exophthalmic goiter, i, . 308. — causing dystrophia adiposogenitalis, i, 904. — congenital, and gigantism, ii, 815. — metabolism in, iv, 148. — ocular symptoms due to, ii, 780. — of hypophysis cerebri, i, 784. — of the intestines, metabolism in, iv, 639. — of the thymus, ii, 386. — orchitis, chronic, in, ii. 485. • — pancreatitis due to, ii, 724. — parathyroid involvement in, i, 564. — thyroid treatment in, i, 103. Syphilitic disease of suprarenals, ii, 268. Syphilitic thyroiditis, i, 286. Syringomyelia, differentiated from ac- romegaly, i, 851. Systemic diseases, producing amenor- rhea, ii, 596. Tabes dorsalis, gastric disturbances in, and metabolism, iv, 623. — in thyroid disease, i, 354. Tachycardia, as a constant sign of Graves' disease, i, 324. pulse rate in, i, 324. — due to hypertrophied heart, distin- guished from that due to nervous affections, i, 325. — hypophyseal hormonotherapy for, i, 114. GENERAL INDEX 853 Tachycardia, of exophthalmic goiter, i, 358. Tartaric acid, Pasteur's studies on, iii, 219. Tartartes, effect of, on metabolism, iii, 726. Taste, deficient, in hypothyroidism, i, 412. Taurin, cystin a precursor of, iv, 518. Tear secretion, ii, 767. Teeth, condition of, in tetany, i, 614. — decay and fragility of, of aiitonomic origin, i, 331. — ocular symptoms due to, ii, 777. Temperature, effect of, on solubility of acid sodium urate, iv, 466. — on structure of thyroid 'epithelium, i, 220. — of air, and humidity, effect of, on amount of blood per kilogram of body weight, iii, 901. on capacity for physical work, iii, 901. : on circulatory system, iii, 900. on concentration of sugar in blood, iii, 901. on metabolism, iii, 902. on nasal mucosa, iii, 901. on respiration, iii, 901. radiation and conduction, iii, 900. of air heat production as affected . i>y, cooling power of air currents at different velocities, iii, 604. in cold-blooded animals, Yan't Hoff's law, iii, 601. in warm-blooded animals, iii, 602. influence of, on basal metabolism of new-born infants, iii, 638. relation of, to temperature of body, iii, 900. • — of the body, action of epinephrin of, pharmacodynamic, i, 128. effect on, of acids and alkalies, iii, 736. of arsenic, iii, 755.^ of atropin, pilocarpin, etc., iii, 775. of calcium, iii, 730. of cocain, iii, 777. of curare, iii, 777. of cyanids, iii, 747. of epinephrin, iii, 781. - of hot baths, iii, 860, 861. of mercury, iii, 756. Temperature, of the body, effect on, of narcotics, iii, 760. — of opiates, iii, 765. — of purins, iii, 779. — of saline cathartics, iii, 718. — of santonin, iii, 776. — of sodium chlorid, iii, 720. • of uranium, iii, 758. — in hypothyroidism, i, 418. in undernutrition, iv, 7. tables, iv, 8. regulation of, as related to hy- drotherapy, iii, 855. in typhoid fever, iv, 101. relation to, of temperature of the air, iii, 900. — regulation, in malaria, iv, 141. — in tuberculosis, iv, 136. — surface, in typhoid fever, iv, 105. Teniasis, metabolism in, iv, 636. Teratoma, of the ovaries, ii, 607. Teratomas, of hypophysis cerebri, i, 801. Test day for renal function, iv, 368. criteria, for judging efficiency of kidney by means of, iv, 371. of value, summary of, iv, 378. degrees of variation of specific gravity, iv, 371. tables of, iv, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375. — dietary for, iv, 369. — diet in, normal, iv, 370. — table showing results of, iv, 378. — directions for, iv, 370. — elimination of salt and nitrogen, iv, 377. — maximal specific gravity, iv, 374. — metabolism in, iv, 372. nocturnal polyuria, iv, 374. -tables, iv, 375, 376. — nycturia, iv, 377. Testes, alterations, in metabolism af- fecting, ii, 461. — in sex and their relation to, as- sumption of male characteristics by the female, ii, 466. sex-intergrades, ii, 467. ^ — and dispositional characteristics, ii, 457. — and ejaculatory reflex, ii, 459. — embryonal origin of interstitial cells of, ii, 494. — erection centers of spinal cord and, ii, 459. — fusion of, ii, 474. — genito-vesicular reflex and, ii, 459. 854 GENERAL INDEX Testes, growth of interstitial cells of, ii, 494. ' — internal secretion of, and interstitial cells, ii, 441. functions of, influence on estab- lished sexual organs, ii, 454. upon nervous structures and their functions, ii, 456. testicular hormone on development of generative organs, ii, 449. influence of, upon established sex- ual organs, ii, 454. accessory glandular struc- tures, occurrence and function, ii, 456. relation of testes to the pros- tate, ii, 454. to the seminal vesicles, ii, 456. • significance of interstitial cells, ii, 454. upon growth and metabolism, alterations in metabolism affecting the testes, ii, 461. — blood composition and sex, ii, 463. body temperature, ii, 464. fat metabolism, ii, 463. gaseous metabolism, ii, 463. metabolism in different sex- ual stages, ii, 460. on bone growth, ii, 461. on nervous structures and their functions, ii, 456. dispositional characteristics and the testes, ii, 457. erection centers of the spi- nal cord and testes, ii, 459. genito-vesicular reflex and the testes, ii, 459. nervous activity and the breeding season, ii, 456. relation of spermatic nerves to the interstitial cells, ii, 460. • pharmacodynamics of, ii, 464. purpose of testicular hormone, ii, 469. source of, ii, 491. See also Testicular hormone. — interstitial cells of, absence of, in certain forms of life, ii, 441. and cryptorchism, ii, 443. and internal secretion, ii, 441. and testicular hormone, ii, 441. appearance of, ii, 440. compensatory hypertrophy of, ex- periments demonstrating, ii, 500. Testes, interstitial cells of, contents of, crystalloids, ii, 496. - fat, ii, 495. pigment, ii, 496. specific granules, ii, 496. deliverance by, into blood stream, of properties bringing about the proper establishment of secondary in- ternal generative organs, ii, 453. description of, ii, 492. embryonal origin of, ii, 494. function of, theories as to, ii, 497. functional period of, ii, 440. growth of, ii, 494. histology of, ii, 439. in ectopic testicle, ii, 499. — phases of growth and atrophy of, ii, 440. — with secondary sex characters, ii, 439. — with spermatic nerves, ii, 460. — significance of, in relation to in- ternal secretion, ii, 454. — spermatogenesis of, ii, 44i. structure of, ii, 440. — multiplicity of, ii, 474. to prostate, ii, 454. — to seminal vesicles, ii, 456. — relationship between interstitial cells of, and secondary sexual characters, ii, 439. • between male secondary sexual characters and, ii, 434. in birds, ii, 435. in crustaceans, ii, 435. in insects, ii, 434. in mammals, ii, 436. — in the triton, ii, 435. — structure of, gross, ii, 491. — transplantation of, in fowl, to an- other part of body, experiment of A. A. Berthold (1849), i, 57. — tumors of, pubertas precox associ- ated with, ii, 350. Testicle, and mammary activity, ii, 646. — anomalies of development, hermaph- roditism, 473. pseudohermaphroditism, ii, 473. of formation, absence of part of genital tract, ii, 474. fusion of the testes, ii, 474. multiplicity of the testes, ii, 474. — of growth, atrophy, ii, 551. — hypertrophy, ii, 475. of position, ii, 478. GENERAL INDEX 855 Testicle, as a gland of internal secre- tion, ii, 491. — atrophy of, ii, 475. — contusions of, ii, 482. — degenerations of, secondary to changes in other endocrine glands, ii, 480. — degenerative changes in, amyloid, ii, 481. ectopic, ii, 480. gangrene, ii, 481. gout, ii, 481. infarction, ii, 481. infectious diseases, ii, 481. irradiation, ii, 481. pigmentation, ii, 481. pressure, ii, 481. secondary to changes in other endocrine glands, ii, 480. senility, ii, 480. toxic, ii, 481. — development of, anomalies of, ii, 473. — ectopic, interstitial cells of, ii, 499. — effects on, of captivity, ii, 497. of change in position, ii, 502. — of senility, ii, 480. of transplantation, ii, 504. — formation of, anomalies of, ii, 474. — growth of, anomalies of, atrophy, ii, 475. hypertrophy, ii, 475. — hypertrophy of, ii, 475. — inflammation of, acute orchitis, by the efferent duct, gonorrheal, ii, 482. • non-gonorrhea, ii, 483. •*— hematogenous, influenza, ii, 484. Malta fever, ii, 485. meningitis, ii, 485. mumps, ii, 483. pneumonia, ii, 484. pyemia, ii, 484. pyocyaneus, ii, 485. rheumatic fever, ii, 485. scarlatina, ii, 484. typhoid fever, ii, 485. variola, ii, 485. vaccinia, ii, 485. — chronic orchitis, echinococcus cysts, ii, 486. filariasis, ii, 486. glanders, ii, 486. leprosy, ii, 486. — malarial orchitis, ii, 486. mycoses, ii, 486. syphilis, ii, 485. tuberculosis, ii, 485. Testicles, internal and external secre- tion of, ii, 523. — interstitial cells of, in production of testicular internal secretion or hor- mone, ii, 491. — migration of, anomalies of aberrant migration, ii, 477. — arrested migration, ii, 476. — cryptorchidism, ii, 476. — intermittent migration, ii, 477. — organotherapy of, Brown-Sequard's conclusions on, i, 145. — claims and experiments on, i, 145, 146. — historical interest of, i, 144. — position of, anomalies of, ii, 478. — transplantation of, i, 147, 504. — reported case, ii, 517. — traumatism of, contusions, ii, 482. — wounds, ii, 482. — tumors of, heterotopic, intratesticu- lar, ii, 488. — degenerated, fimbryona, ii, 488. — mixed tumor of testicle, ii, 488. — teratoma, encysted and solid, ii, 488. — lymphosarcoma, ii, 489. — metastatic, ii, 489. — of adult tissues, histoid, ii, 487. — common, ii, 487. — fibroma, ii, 488. — sarcoma, ii, 488. — peculiar to the testicle, ii, 488. — of the interstitial cells, ii, 488. — of the rete (Wolffian epi- thelium), ii, 488. — seminoma, ii, 487. — organoid, ii, 488. — wounds of, ii, 482. Testicular extracts, effect of, in senes- cence, i, 24. — rejuvenation by administration of, Brown-Sequard (1889), i, 62. Testicular function, breaking down of, due to excessive use or irritation of, ii, 513. -Mujerados, ii, 512, 513. Testicular hormone, and interstitial cells, ii, 441. — influence of, upon development of the generative organs, ii, 449. differentiated stages, ii, 449. heterologous transplants and, ii, 453. 856 GENEEAL INDEX Testicular hormone, influence of, ob- servations on the free-martin, ii, 450. — undifferentiated stages, primary and secondary, ii, 449. — purpose of, ii, 469. Testicular homonic action, compensa- tory, ii, 521. — deficient, acquired, ii, 512. congenital, ii, 511. — due to excessive use or irritation of function, ii, 512, 513. — • — eunuchoidismus, ii, 517. — eunuchs, ii, 514. — retarded puberty, ii, 512. — excessive, premature puberty, causes of, ii, 505. satyriasis, ii, 521. — experimental production of eunu- choid state in white Leghorn cock- erels, ii, 506. Testicular tumor, causing premature puberty, ii, 505. Testis, dual function of, ii, 431. — ectopic, ii, 478. — effect of, on metabolism, iii, 785. — effects on, of vasectomy, ii, 442. of x-rays, ii, 442. — interstitial cells of and eunuchoid- ism, ii, 447. and false hermaphroditism, ii, 447. function of, ii, 448. r— relationship of, with rich capil- lary meshwork of testis, ii, 446. Tests for renal function, coefficient of urea excretion, iv, 357. concentration and dilution, iv, 381. - table of, iv, 382. function of the glomeruli and tubtfles, iv, 353. lactose, iv, 357. phthalein, iv, 350. potassium iodid, iv, 357. — for urea and salt excretion, iv, 366. Tetanoid state, of von Frankl-Hoch- wart, i, 674. Tetanus, differentiated from tetany, i, 676. Tetanus neonatorum, differentiated from tetany, i, 676. Tetany, acute, diagnosis of, i, 675. — after operations for goiter, i, 651, 670. — after strumectomy, prognosis of, i, 651, 670. — age in, i, 578. Tetany, age in, and epilepsy, groups of, i, 618. — literature on, i, 618. • — pathogenic relationships of childhood tetany and of spasmophilia to epilepsy, i, 619. — peculiarities of, i, 618. — and mineral metabolism, iii, 337. — arm and leg phenomenon of Pool, in diagnosis, i, 674. — as a condition of alkalosis, treatment for, iii, 739. — as a major endocrin syndrome, ii, 936. — associated with, epilepsy, etiology of relationship, i, 620. — gastro-intestinal diseases, progno- sis of, i, 671. — Graves' disease, idiopathic, i, 354. — post-operative, i, 354. — infections, prognosis of, i, 670. — infectious diseases, i, 649. — intoxications, i, 650. — prognosis of, i, 670. — menstruation, pregnancy, and lac- tation (maternity tetany), i, 650. - myotonia, i, 621, 700. — pregnancy, prognosis of, i, 671. — calcium in, iii, 728. — characteristics of, i, 577. — chronic, diagnosis of, i, 675. — Chvostek's • sign, in diagnosis of, i, 673. ^ — classifications of, i, 578. — danger of asphyxia in, i, 591. — definition of, i, 577. — diagnosis of, acute attacks, i, 675. — arm and leg phenomenon of Pool, i, 674. chronic forms, with mild recur- rent attacks, i, 675. - Chvostek's sign, i, 673. — Erb's phenomenon, i, 673. formes> f rustes of von Frankl- Hochwart, i, 675. in less typical cases, i, 672. in mildest cases, i, 674. in tetanoid state of von Frankl- Hochwart, i, 674. leg phenomenon of Pool, i, 674. — « — other symptoms to be kept in mind, i, 674. — tonic spasms, i, 673. Trousseau's phenomenon, i, 674. -typical, i, 672. — differential diagnosis of, i, 675. from acroparesthesias, i, 682. from arthritides, i, 682. GENEKAL INDEX 857 Tetany, differential diagnosis of, from contracture, hysterical, i, 678. — from convulsions, hysterical, i, 679. from convulsive states (fits), i, 679. -from cramps in calf muscles, i, 678. occupation, i, 678. from eclampsia infantum, i, 680. from encephalitis and encephalo- myelitis, i, 682. from epilepsy, i, 680. from facial spasm, i, 677. — from fibrillary twitchings, i, 678. from hydrophobia, i, 676. from hysterical attacks, major, i, 679. • from hysterical contracture, i, 678. from hysterical convulsions, i, 679. — from katatonia, i, 677. from meningitis, i, 676. tuberculosis, i, 676. from muscular atrophy, progres- sive, i, 681. — from muscular dystrophies, i, 681. — from myasthenia gravis, i, 682. — from myoclonia, i, 678. from myotonic phenomena, i, 678. — from neuritis, peripheral,, i, 681. • from occupation cramps, i, 678. from other conditions that may be associated with sensory phenomena resembling those of tetany, i, 682. that may stimulate the motor pareses sometimes seen in tetany, i, 681. where hyperkinetic phenomena resembling those of tetany may oc- cur, i, 676. from peripheral neuritis, i, 681. from poliomyelitis, i, 681. from progressive muscular at- rophy, i, 681. from psychasthenic fits, i, 679. from Raynaud's disease, i, 683. from spasm, facial, i, 677. of the diaphragm, i, 677. involving local muscular do- mains, i, 677. of the glottis, i, 677. from strychnine poisoning, i, 676. — from tetanus, i, 676. — from tetanus neonatorum, i," 676. — from tonic spasms involving the musculature as a whole, i, 676. Tetany, differentiated frorri spasmo- philia, i, 680. — endocrine gland in, chromaffin sys- tem, i, 628. — gonads, i, 629. -hypophysis cerebri, i, 627. — pancreas, i, 629. — parathyroid, i, 624. thymus gland, i, 630. thyroid, i, 624. — epidemic-endemic. See Tetany, idiopathic. -Erb's phenomenon in, in diagnosis, i, 673. — of idiopathic form, i, 647. — etiology and pathogenesis of, i, 645. — after operations for goiter, i, 651., — in association with infectious dis- eases, i, 649. with intoxications, i, 650. — with menstruation, pregnancy and lactation (maternity tetany), i, 650. — idiopathic tetany, i, 645. in children, i, 651. — in experimental production of, by forced respiration, i, 654. — in pathological hyperneas, i, 659. poisonous substances in, i, 662. — unitary conception of, i, 659. — etiology of, diseases of the digestive tract, i, 648. colonic dilatation, i, 649. gastric tetany, i, 648. — helminthiasis (worm tetany), i, 649. stenosis of the duodenum, i, 649. — historical notes on, i, 587. — experimental production of, in hu- man beings, by forced respiration, i, 654. -formes frustes, diagnosis of, i, 675. — forms of, in adults, i, 578. — gastric, i, 648. — hemorrhage into the parathyroids in, i, 568. — historical notes on, i, 53. attempts at restoration of thyroid function in post-operative tetany, i, 587. Austrian contributions to, i, 581, 582. Benjamin and Erdheim, i, 585. British discovery of, Clarke and Kellie (1815, 1816), i, 580. chronic tetany, produced experi- mentally, i, 586. 858 GENERAL INDEX Tetany, historical notes on, Chvostek (1878), i, 582. Clarke and Kellie (1815, 1816), i, 580. Dance (1831), i, 580, 581. discussion at meeting of the So- eiete medicale des hopitaux, Paris, 1875, i, 581. Erb, of Heidelberg (1874), i, 581. etiology, i, 587. evolvement of knowledge of, i, 580. experimentally produced by forced respiration, i, 587. experiments upon thyroidectomy (with and without parathyroidecto- my), i, 584, 585. four great signs of, i, 582. Frankl-Hochwart, von, of Vienna (1897), i, 583, 584. French claims to discovery of, i, 580. French contributions to subject, Dance and Tonnelle, i, 581. German claims to discovery of, i, 580. German contributions to, i, 581. Gley of Paris (1890), i, 582. Halsted, W. S. (1888), i, 856. Hoffmann (1888), i, 582. Italian contributions to, i, 583. mineral metabolism in tetany, i, 587. -Oddo, B., of Marseilles (1896), i, 580, 583, 584. Pineles, i, 585. problem of etiology and patho- genesis of disease, i, 584. progress of, by organization and presentation of knowledge of subject, i, 583. recent collective reviews on, i, 587. relation of parathyroid function to other forms of, than tetania stru- mipriva, i, 586. relation to parathyroid glands established, i, 585. results of studies and experiments, in revolutionizing operation of stru- mectomy, i, 586. Sandstrb'm (1880), i, 582. Tonnelle (1832), i, 581. Trousseau, i, 581. Vassale and Generali (1896-7), i, 583. -Weiss, i, 582. — idiopathic, age in, i, 646. Tetany, idiopathic, character of, i, 645. — distribution in, i, 646. epidemic character of, i, 646. etiological hypotheses, i, 647. familial occurrence of, i, 647. formes frustes, i, 647. occupation in, i, 646. prognosis of, i, 670. recurrences of, i, 647. seasonal influences on, i, 645. sex in, i, 646. — in adults, forms of, i, 578. — in children, i, 578, 651. — prognosis of i, 669. — in diseases of the digestive tract, i, , 648. — colonic dilatation, i, 649. due to stenosis of the duodenum, i, 649. — gastric tetany, i, 648. helminthiasis (worm tetany), i, 649. — infantile, and metabolism, iv, 806. — in helminthiasis (worm tetany), i, 649. -in lactation, prognosis of, i, 671. — introduction to, i, 577. — leg phenomenon of Pool, in diagno- sis, i, 674. — maternity, i, 650. — prognosis of, i, 671. — metabolism in, i, 631. — carbohydrate^ i, 635. — fats and lipoids, i, 637. mineral, i, 637. nucleins and purins, i, 634. — inosmic acid, i, 635. phosphoric acid, i, 635. xanthin and its derivatives, i, 634. — protein, i, 632. — vitamin, i, 644. — motor pareses in, conditions that may stimulate, i, 681. — occurrence of, in pathological hyper- pneas, i, 659. — organotherapy in, i, 685. parathyroid, i, 108. parathyroid implantation, i, 107, 109. parathyroid transplantation, i, 686. substitution therapy, i, 685. thyroid, i, 100. with pituitary and thyroid, i, 691. — parathyroid. See Parathyroid tet- any. GENEKAL INDEX 859 Tetany, pathological anatomy and his- tology of, i, 668. — poisonous substances in, i. 662. acidosis, i, 663. alkalosis, i, 664. amino bases, i, 665. an antigen, i, 663. ferments, i, 666. guanidino acids, i, 665. -in circulating blood, i, 663. site and mode of action of, i, 667. "tetany poison of unknown ori- gin," i, 663. — prevention of, diet, i, 684. general hygiene, i, 684. location, i, 683. occupation, i, 684. operation for goiter, i, 683. — — pregnancies, i, 684. three general principles of, i, 683. — prognosis of, after strumectomy, i, 670. - in childhood, i, 669. in gastro-intestinal diseases, i, 670. — in idiopathic form, i, 670. in infections, i, 670. in intoxications, i, 670. — in maternity form, i, 671. of single attack, i, 595. — psychoses in, i, 617. — reflexes in, i, 622. — relationship of, to myotonia, i, 621, 700. — to parathyroid glands, i, 579. to parathyroid insufficiency, i, 106. • to thyroidectomy and parathyroid- ectomy, i, 64. — seasonal influence in, i, 579. — sensory, i, 622. — sensory phenomena in,, other condi- tions that may resemble, i, 682. — sex in, i, 578. — skin in, i, 623. — symptomatology of, i, 588. arm and leg phenomenon in, Pool's, i, 599. arm phenomenon, Alexander's ob- servation of, i, 601. Ferenczi's observation of, i, 601. — associated with epilepsy. See Tetany, and Epilepsy. with myotonia, i, 621. ^ — autonomic disturbances, i, 609. - depression, rather than excita- tion, of visceral nervous system, i, 613. Tetany, symptomatology of, autonomic disturbances, epinephrin hypersensi- tiveness, i, 610. - hyperexcitability of vegetative nervous system, i, 611. — increased chemical excitability of autonomic nerves, i, 610. — increased mechanical excita- bility of autonomic nerves, i, 610. — pilocarpin hypersensitiveness, i, 611. — trophic, i, 614. — changes in blood count, i, 612. — bones, i, 623. — Chvostek's sign, i, 598. — • — endocrine glands, chromaffin sys- tem, i, 628. — gonads, i, 629. — hypophysis cerebri, i, 627. — pancreas, i, 629. — parathyroid, i, 624. -thymus, i, 630. -thyroid, i, 624. — Erb's phenomena, i, 604. — "excitation reaction" of, i, 608. — Mann's conclusions on, i, 604. — Pirquet's, von, conclusions on, i, 608. — Pirquet's, von, technique, i, 605. — value of, for diagnosis of tet- any in children, i, 605. — facial, carp mouth, i, 592. — tetany face, i, 592. • — trismus, i, 592. — facial phenomenon, Chvostek's sign, i, 598. — gastro-intestinal, i, 594. — functional, i, 612. heat regulation, disturbances of, i, 613. — Hoffman's phenomenon, i, 609. — — hyperexcitability of vegetative nervous system, i, 611. — changes in blood count, i, 612. — disturbances of heart action, i, 594, 611. disturbances of respiration, i, 611. — functional gastro-intestinal disturbances, i, 612. heat regulation, disturbances of, i, 613. hyperhidrosis, i, 611. lacrimation, i, 611. salivation, i, 611. 860 GENEKAL IKDEX Tetany, symptomatology of, hyperex- citability of vegetative nervous sys- tem, spasm of intrinsic muscles of eye, i, 611. — vasomotor disturbances, i, 612. — increased electrical excitability of motor nerves, Erb's phenomenon, i, 577, 603. — "excitation reaction," i, 608. Mann's conclusions on, i, 604. Pirquet's, von, conclusions on, i, 608. Pirquet's, von, technique of, i, 605. — value of, for diagnosis of tet- any in children, i, 605. — increased excitability of auto- nomic nerves, i, 609. chemical, i, 610. mechanical, i, 610. increased excitability of nerves of special sense in, i, 609. — increased excitability of periph- eral sensory nerves in, Hoffman's phenomenon, i, 609. increased idiomuscular excitabil- ity, i, 599. increased mechanical excitability of motor nerves, i, 577, 596. — arm and leg phenomenon, Pool's, i, 599. facial phenomenon, Chvostek's sign, i, 598. — tongue dimple sign of Schultze, i, 599. — Trousseau's phenomenon, i, 596. joints, i, 623. leg phenomenon, Schlesinger, i, 601. his performance of, i, 602. See also Arm and leg phenom- enon. metabolism, i, 631. carbohydrate, i, 635. fats and lipoids, i, 637. mineral, i, 637. nucleins and purins, i, 634. protein, i, 632. vitamin, i, 644. — muscle, i, 623. See also Tetany. tonic contracti£ns of muscles. ocular disturbances in, cataract, i, 616. conjunctivitis, i, 617. crystalline lens, i, 616. psychoses, i, 617. reflexes, i, 622. Tetany, muscle, sensory, i, 622. — skin, i, 623. — tongue dimple sign of Schultze, F., i, 599. tonic contractions of muscles in manifest tetany, i, 577, 588. attitude assumed in attack by lower extremities, foot, i, 590. knees, i, 591. attitude assumed in attack by upper extremities, elbow and shoul- der, i, 590. — forearm, i, 590. hand, i, 589. — wrist joint, i, 590. bilateral, i, 594. — character of, i, 595. — duration of attacks, i, 595. exciting cause or attack, i, 595. — hemitetany, i, 594. — involvement of heart muscle, i, 594. — involvement of muscles of esophagus, i, 594. — involvement of muscles of eye, i, 594. — involvement of muscles of the face, i, 592. — carp mouth, i, 592. tetany face, i, 592. — trismus, i, 592. — involvement of muscles of in- testines, i, 594. — involvement of muscles of larynx, i, 594. — involvement of muscles of neck, 591. -torticollis, i, 592. — involvement of muscles of stomach, i, 594. — involvement of muscles of tongue and pharynx, i, 594. involvement of muscles of trunk, i, 591. involvement of muscles of urinary bladder, i, 594. involvement of smooth muscle, i, 594. more marked distalwards and less - marked proximalwards, i, 591. — paresis in, i, 578, 595. prognosis of attack, i, 595. time of day, i, 595. trophic disturbances, i, 614. — cataract, i, 616. conjunctivitis, i, 617. GENEKAL INDEX 861 Tetany, muscle, trophic disturbances, crystalline lens, i, 616. hair, i, 614. nails, i, 614. teeth, i, 614. Trousseau's phenomenon, i, 596. — historical notes on, i, 581. procedure, i, 596. — pseudo Trousseau phenomenon, in hysteria, i, 597. vasomotor disturbances, i, 612. — visceral, nervous system, depres- sion, rather than excitation of, i, 613. — thymus gland in, ii, 413. — treatment of, i, 684. — by climatotherapy, i, 693. — by electrotherapy, i, 692. — by hydrotherapy, i, 692. — by mechanotherapy, i, 693. — by occupational therapy, i, 693. — dietotherapy, i, 693. — during attacks, i, 694, 695. organotherapy, i, 685. • organ transplantation, i, 686. parathyroid, i, 108. parathyroid implantation for, i, 107, 109. substitution therapy, i, 685. thyroid, i, 100. — • with pituitary and thyroid preparations, i, 691. pharmacotherapy, i, 691. serotherapy, i, 693. —surgical, other than organ trans- plantation, i, 695. therapeutic, i, 694. thermotherapy, i, 692. — Trousseau's phenomenon, in diagno- sis, i, 674. — unitary conception of, i, 659. — workmen. See Tetany, idiopathic. — worm, i, 649. Tetany face, characteristics of, i, 592. Tethelin, chemistry of, i, 118. — clinical use of, i, 744. for burns, electrical, 744. for indolent ulcers, 744. for tuberculosis, 745. — effects of, on growth, i, 743. Tetroses, iii, 242. Therapeutic notions, administration of viscera or excreta of animals, i, 47. — antispasmodics, i, 49. — bearing on endemic goiter, in, antiq- uity, i, 49, 50. — Bordeu's, de, doctrine, i, 47, 50. Therapeutic notions, chthonian cult of ancient Greeks, i, 48. — Egyptian medical papyri, i, 47. - "filth pharmacopeias," i, 48. -medieval doctrine of signatures, i, — observations bearing on universal in- terest in giants and dwarfs, i, 49. — old Arabian polypharmacy, theriacs and mithridates, i, 48. — theriacs and mithridates, ban- ished by Heberden (1745), i, 48. Therapeutics, fasting in, iv, 26. Therapeutic test with iodine and thy- . roid extract for hyperthyroidism, i, Therapeutic treatment of tetany, i 694. Theriacs, i, 48. Thermal quotient for oxygen, calcula- tion of, from respiratory quotient, iii, 562. - of CO2, iii, 558. — variation in heat equivalent of COz (Atwater and Benedict), iii, 589. - of O2, iii, 558. — during muscular work (Atwater and Benedict), iii, 558. Thermal quotients, successive, iii, 663. — of Oz, based upon experiments on man, (Atwater and Benedict), iii, 557. — of Oz and COz for carbohydrate, iii, 556. - for fat, iii, 556. — for mixed diet, iii, 556. — for protein, iii, 555. — in a lacto-vegetarian diet, iii, 557. Thermodynamic equilibrium, hormonic equilibrium and, i, 76. Thermotherapy, in treatment of tetany, i, 692. Thompson's disease, characteristic marks of, i, 699. — etiology of, i, 700. — in thyroid disease, i, 354. Thrombosis, of hypophysis cerebri, i, 773. Thumberg's apparatus for measuring respiratory exchange, iii, 530. Thymectomy, for exophthalmic goiter, i, 376. — for thymic hyperplasia, technic of, ii, 420. Thymic asthma, ii, 399. Thymic tumors, in myasthenia gravis, ii, 411. 862 GENEKAL INDEX Thymitis, acute, ii, 383. Thymomata, benign, cysts, ii, 388. — cysts, congenital syphilitic, ii, 389. — fibroma, ii, 388. — malignant, carcinomatous, ii, 392. groups of, and nomeclature, ii, 390. -mixed, ii, 392. sarcomatous, ii, 391. Thymus, cysts of, hemorrhagic, ii, 382. — influence of, on sexual development, ii, 346. — in senescence, i, 24. — organotherapy of, i, 142. Thymus-adrenal-hypophyseal syndrome,. differentiated from iiisuffisance pluri- glandulaire of Claude and Gougerot, ii, 890. "Thymus death" in childhood, i, 55. Thymus disorders, associated with thy- roid, i, 342. Thymus gland, anatomy of, blood sup- ply, ii, 362. — comparative, ii, 365. — gross morphology and relations of, ii, 361. innervation, ii, 363. — lymphatics, ii, 362. — size, ii, 361. — and acromegaly, i, 840. — and autonomic sysem, i, 179. — aplasia of, ii, 381. — as a galactagogue, ii, 648. — atrophy of, pathological, ii, 381. — blood supply of, ii, 362. — chart of, ii, 956. — clinical syndromes of, historical, ii, 395. — mors thymica, ii, 401. — myasthenia gravis, ii, 411. — status thymicolympathicus, ii, 403. — thymic asthma, ii, 399. — thymic hyperplasia, ii, 414. — thymus gland in prostatitis, ii, 414. thymus gland in tetany, ii, 413. thymus in exophthalmic goiter, ii, 409. Timme's multiglandular syn- drome, ii, 409. — comparative anatomy of, ii, 365. — congestions of, active and passive, ii, 381. — cortex, "small cells" of, cytology of, ii, 368. ^ origin and nature, ii, 366. reticulum, ii, 369. Thymus gland, cysts of, ii, 388. — congenital syphilitic, ii, 389. — cytology of, of cortex, "small cells," ii, 368. — development of, ii, 363. — differentiation of, ii, 364. — disorders of, associated with hypo- thyroidism, i, 394. — edema of, ii, 382. — embryology of, development, ii, 363. — — differentiation and growth, ii, 364 — involution, ii, 365. — origin, ii, 363. — variation under different condi- tions, ii, 365. — enlargement of, in thyroid disease, i, 352. — experimental extirpation of Abel' ous and Billard (1896), ii, 372. -Basch (1902-1908), ii, 373. -Carbone (1897), ii, 373. — conclusion on, ii, 378. — Cozzolino, ii, 373. -Fischl (1907), ii, 373. -Friedleben (1858), ii, 371. -Ghika (1901), ii, 373. -Hammar (1905), ii, 373. -Klose and Vogt, ii, 374. — Langerhans and Saveliew (1893), ii, 372. -Matti (1913), ii, 375. - Pappenheimer (1914), ii, 376. -Park and McClure (1910), ii, 376. -Eestelli (1845), ii, 371. - Tarulli and Lo Monaco (1897), ii, 372. various investigators, ii, 374. -Ver Eecke (1899), ii, 372. -Vincent (1903), ii, 373. — experimental methods other than ex« tirpation, ii, 377. — conclusion on, ii, 378. — experimental pathology and physiol- ogy of, effects of thymus extirpation, See Thymus gland, experimental ex- tirpation of. results of experimental methods1 other than extirpation, ii, 377. — extirpation of, experimental. Set Thymus gland, experimental extir- pation of. — fibroma of, ii, 388. — functional significance of, studies on, ii, 371. — function of, as organ of "nuclein synthesis," ii, 375. — gross morphology of, ii, 361. — growth of, ii, 364. GENERAL INDEX 863 Thymus gland, hematoma of, diffuse, 11, 382. - hemorrhage of, diffuse hematoma, ii, 382. — hemorrhagic cysts, ii, 382. — — punctate, ii, 382. — histology of, ii, 365. — cortex, the "small cells," cytol- ogy of, ii, 368. '— —origin and inature of, ii, — reticulum, ii, 369. medulla, corpuscles of Hassall, ii, 369. — small cells of, ii, 369. — mode of secretion, ii, 369. — history of disease of, i, 55. — hypoplasia of, ii, 381. — in acute infections, ii, 383. clinical symptomatology of, ii, 414. — diagnosis of, ii, 415. in status thymicolymphaticus, ii, 405. — treatment of, by radium, ii, 419. by x-ray, ii, 418. surgical, ii, 420. — in acute infections, ii, 383. -in exophthalmic goiter, ii, 409. — in myasthenia gravis, ii, 411. — innervation of, ii, 363. — in prostatitis, ii, 414. -in tetany, i, 630; ii, 413. — involutionary changes in, ii, 365. — involution of, in acute infections, ii, 384. — pathological, ii, 381. — lymphatics of, ii, 362. — medulla of, corpuscles of Hassall, ii, 369. — small cells, ii, 369. — mode of secretion of, ii, 369. — mors thymica, ii, 401. in arthritis deformans, i, 144. in chorea, i, 144. in cretinism, i, 143. in dementia precox, i, 144. in epilepsy, i, 144. in exophthalmic goiter, i, 143. in goiter, simple, i, 143. in myxedema, i, 143. — origin of, ii, 363. aplasia, ii, 381. congestion, active and passive, ii, 381. -edema, ii, 382. experimental. See Thymus gland, experimental pathology of. Thymus gland, origin of, hemorrhage, diffuse hematoma, ii, 382. -hemorrhagic cysts, ii, 382. — punctate hemorrhages, ii, 382. -hypoplasia, ii, 381. — in acute infections, ii, 383. -involution or atrophy, patholog- ical, ii, 381. sclerosis, ii, 386. — syphilis, ii, 386. — thymitis, acute, ii, 383. tuberculosis, ii, 386. — tumors benign, ii, 388. — malignant ii, 390. — physiology and experimental pathol- ogy of, effects of thymus extirpation. See Thymus gland, experimental ex- tirpation of. — results of experimental methods other than extirpation, ii, 377. — problem of, clinical aspects of, ii, 397. — present status of, ii, 395. — relation of, to bone and calcium me- tabolism, iv, 767. — to growth and development, i, 200. — relationship of, with gonads, ii, 930. — with thyroid, ii, 924. — relations of, ii, 361. — reticulum, cells of, ii, 369. — sclerosis of, ii, 386. — secretion of, conclusions on, ii, 371. — mode of, ii, 369. — size of, ii, 361. — spleen and, ii, 667. — status thymicolymphaticus, ii, 403. — substances, effect of, on metabolism, iii, 785. — syphilis of, ii, 386. — terminology of, ii, 361. — tuberculosis of, ii, 386. — tumors of. See Thymomata. — variation in under different condi- tions, ii, 365. Thymus nucleic acids, partical decom- position products of, iii, 147. Thymus secretion, as toxic agent in in- toxication theory of parathyroid tet- any, i, 549. Thymus-suprarenal-pituitary compen- satory syndrome tTimme), definition of, ii, 891. — etiology of, ii, 900. — general description of, first, second and third stages, ii, 891. fourth stage, ii, 892. — pathogenesis of, discussion of, ii, 900. — symptomatology of, discussion of, ii, 896. 864 GENERAL INDEX Thymus - suprarenal - pituitary compen- satory syndrome, symptomatology of, first, second and third stages, ii, 895. - fourth stage, ii, 896. resume of essential features, ii, 894. — treatment of, ii, 903. Thymus tissue, detached bits of, i, 40. Thyreoantitoxin, i, 253. Thyreotoxic pseudochlorosis, i, 361. Thyroaplasia, i, 386. Thyrogenic obesity, as sign of hypo- thyroid state, i, 406. Thyrogenic theory of exophthalmic goiter, i, 309. Thyrogenous obesity, iv, 37. — metabolism in, iv, 44. Thyroglobin, i, 85. Thyroid, deficiency of, experimental, effect of, ii, 921. — deficiency of, implantation of thyroid tissue for, in cretinism and myxe- dema, i, 91. — pharmacology of, chemistry of, i, 84. Thyroid administration, as against iodid, experiments affording first defi- nitely controlled test for, i, 233-235. — for ocular affections, ii, 796. — influence on metabolism, i, 237. — in hypothyroidism, i, 426. — preparations and dosage, i, 430. Thyroidal secretions, pouring out of adrenal secretions and, during sur- gical shock or under the passion of fear, i, 55. Thyroid disease, influence of, on supra- renals, ii, 273. Thyroidectomy, experiments on (with and without parathyroidectomy), i, 584, 585. — parenchymatous atrophy in the para- thyroids following, i, 563. Thyroid extirpation, observations on, i, 40. Thyroid extract, administered by mouth, i, 33. — producing exophthalmic goiter, i, 309. — therapeutic test with iodine and, for hyperthyroidism, i, 498. — treatment of myxedema, i, 81, 84. history of, i, 61. Thyroid eye, ii, 782. Thyroid gland, absence of, first observ- ance of effects of, i, 52. — activity of, relationship between iodin content and, i, 262. Thyroid gland, adenoma of, anatomi- cal separation of, from simple hyper- plasia, i, 286. — causing cysts, i, 294. — classification of, i, 288. fetal, i, 289. intermediate, i, 288. — simple, i, 288. cycle of cell changes, scheme for, i, 287. — epinephrin hypersensitiveness test (Goetsch) for, i, 481. in lower animals, nearest ap- proach to, i, 287. — morphology of, i, 287. occurrence of, i, 287. — origin of, i, 287. — tissue proliferation included in group, i, 286. — amenorrhea due to disturbances of, ii, 625. — analogy between disturbances of, and those of pituitary gland, i, 299. — anatomy of, blood supply, i, 207. — comparative, i, 213. — colloid morphology, i, 214. — cells in colloid, i, 216. — colloid resorption, i, 215. iodin content of colloid, i, 215. — cytology, i, 216. cell inclusions, i, 216. — cell polarity and mode of secretion, i, 218. — colloid formation and re- sorption, i, 218. — embryonic evidence of prim- itive secretory ducts, i, 219. — mitochondria, i, 216. — reticular apparatus, i, 217. secretory phenomena, i, 218. follicles, i, 213. interfollicular epithelium, i, 213. interpretation of appearances, i, 221. other interfollicular cells, i, 214. reaction to experimental condi- tions, i, 220. gross morphology of, i, 205. innervation, i, 208. — lymphatics, i, 207. normal, i, 270. pathological. See Pathological anatomy and histology of. relations of, i, 205. variations in, i, 206. GENERAL INDEX 865 Thyroid gland, and hypothysis cerebri, associated changes in, i, 782. — anomalies of, and developmental de- fects, i, 294. — associated endocrinopathies and, i, 341. — gonads, disorders in function of, i, 344. — hypophysis cerebri, disorders in function of, i, 345. pancreas, disorders in function of, i, 346. — parathyroid disorders, i, 344. — in tetany, i, 624. — suprarenal disorders, i, 345. — thymus disorders, i, 342. - atrophies of, i, 282. — atrophy following castration and iodin administration, i, 283. — exhaustion, i, 276, 278, 283. — pressure, i, 283. - senile, i, 282. — autonomic system and, i, 171. — changes in sympathetic ganglion in Graves' disease, i, 173. — clinical significance of thyroid- sympathetic relationship, i, 171. — control of thyroid secretion, i, 171. — Goetsch test for hyperthyroidism, i, 172. — hypothyroid states, i, 173. — sympathetic and parasympathetic hyperirritability in Graves' disease, i, 172. — biochemistry of, bearing of general biochemistry of halogens on their presence in the thyroid gland, i, 246. compounds present in normal gland, i, 245. — conclusions on, i, 264. elementary composition of normal gland, i, 243. — introduction to, i, 243. — iodin combinations in gland, i, 252. and internal secretion, evi- dence connecting, i, 259. iodin content of normal gland, i, 248. relationship between iodin con- tent and thyroid activity, i, 262. — carcinoma of, adenocarcinoma, i, 292. carcinoma simplex, i, 292. diagnosis of, i, 291. papillary cystic, i, 292. Thyroid gland, carcinoma of, sarcomas i, 292. — scirrhus, i, 292. — squamous cell, i, 292. -types of, i, 291. -changes in, associated with altera- tions of hypophysis cerebri, i, — chemistry of, absorption and fate, i, 85. — general conclusions on, i, 264. - in pathological gland, i, 263. — iodin in organic combination, i, — pharmacodynamic actions, i, 86. physiological activity and thera- peutic efficiency of preparations par- allel to iodin content, i, 85. — thyroglobin, i, 85. — thyro-oxy-indol, or thyroxin (Kendall, 1915), i, 84. — clinical syndromes due to disease of, associated endocrinopathies, i, 341. — complications, i, 352. — disturbances of the autonomic system. See Thyroid gland, disturb- ances. — disturbances of metabolism. See Thyroid gland, disturbances. — dysthyroidism, i, 299. See also Dysthyroidism. — exophthalmic goiter, clinical type of, i, 355. — goiter or struma, i, 316. See also Goiter. — hyperthyroidism, i, 303. See also Hyperthyroidism. — in the hematopoietic system, i, 350. — neuromuscular symptoms, i, 346. — tests for disorders of. See Tests. — colloid formation of, i, 210. — and resorption, i, 218. — colloid gland (goiters), appearance of, gross, i, 280. — microscopic, i, 281. — associated with several clinical complexes, i, 280. — definition of, i, 279. — designation for, in older litera- ture, i, 280. — produced experimentally, i, 280. — spontaneously, i, 280. — uncomplicated types of, i, 280. — colloid morphology of, i, 214. cells in colloid, i, 216. colloid resorption, i, 215. iodin content of colloid, i, 215. 866 GENERAL INDEX Thyroid gland, complications of dis- eases of, angiosclerotic changes, i, 353. arthropathologic conditions, i, 353. — cerebral nerve paralysis, i, 354. — cysts, i, 293. — hemorrhage, i, 293. hemorrhage system, i, 353. in endocrin glands, i, 352. — in locomotor system, i, 353. — nervous system, i, 353. trophic changes, i, 353. — tuberculosis, i, 355. — composition of, elementary, i, 243. — ash, i, 245. — bromin, i, 244, 247. — chlorin, i, 243, 247. -fluorin, i, 244, 247, 248. -iodin, i, 244, 246, 247. — nitrogen, i, 243. — phosphorus, i, 244. — silicon, i, 244. — compounds present in, carbohy- drates, i, 245. — enzymes, i, 246. — fats and lipoids, i, 245. — intermediate or end products of metabolism, i, 245. — proteins, i, 246. — water, i, 245. — cysts of, due to adenoma, i, 294. — due to hemorrhage into the alve- oli, i, 294. — terminology of, i, 293. -types of, i, 294. — degeneration of, i, 284. — amyloid, i, 285. calcareous, i, 285. -fatty, i, 285. — hyaline, i, 285. — parenchymatous, i, 285. — developmental defects and anomalies of, i, 294. — diseases of, clinical syndromes. See clinical syndromes of. — disturbances of autonomic system, i, 317. breast, i, 335. cardiovascular symptoms, i, 324. -arterial, i, 327. — blood pressure, i, 327. — goiter heart, i, 326. -heart, i, 325. — Musset's sign, i, 325. — palpitation, i, 325. tachycardia, i, 324. vasomotor phenomena, i, 329. Thyroid gland, disturbances of auto- nomic system, cutaneous, i, 329. — canities, i, 331. — edema, i, 330. in the nails, i, 331. pigmentation, i, 330. — purpura, i, 330. scleroderma, i, 330. — various, i, 331. - Vigoroux's sign, i, 329. gastro-intestinal, appetite, i, 331. — diarrhea, i, 332. gastric secretion, i, 331. -icterus, i, 333. — salivation, i, 331. — steatorrhea, i, 332. -teeth, i, 331. — vomiting, i, 332. — libido and potentia, i, 335. — major ocular signs, Dalrymple's sign, i, 319. — description of, i, 317. — Graefe's, von, sign, i, 319. — Joffroy's sign, i, 320. — Moebius' sign, i, 320. — pathogenesis of, i, 321. — protrusio bulborum, i, 318, 322. — Stellwag's sign, i, 319. — Suker's sign, i, 320. — menstrual, i, 334. — minor ocular signs, anisocoria, i, 323. - Gifford's sign, i, 323. — glistening eye and epiphora, i, 323 - Jellinek's, i, 324. — Loewi's sign, i, 323. — paresthesias, i, 324. — Riesman's, i, 324. - Rosenbach's, i, 324. — pregnancy, i, 335. — respiratory symptoms, bronchor- rhea, i, 334. -Bryson's sign, i, 334. -cough, i, 333. — disturbance of the Litten's phenomenon, i, 334. — dyspnea, i, 333. — laryngeal paralysis, i, 334. — pulmonary hemorrhages, i, 334. — urinary, albuminuria, i, 335. — polyuria, i, 335. — urinary constituents, acetone, i, 335. — indicanuria, i, 335. — urea and uric acid ammonia, i, 335. urogenital symptoms, i, 334. GENERAL INDEX 867 Thyroid gland, disturbances of metabo- lism, i, 336. — basal metabolism in exophthal- mic goiter, i, 336. — emaciation, i, 337. fever, i, 337. carbohydrate, i, 338. alimentary glycosuria, i, 338. associated diabetes mellitus, i, 339. — hyperglycemia, i, 339. transitory spontaneous glyco- suria, i, 339. fat, i, 340. mineral, i, 340. protein, i, 338. — embryology of, i, 210. — cavitation, i, 210. — colloid formation, i, 210. — early development, i, 210. growth, i, 212. — ultimobronchial bodies, i, 211. — embryonic evidence of primitive se- cretory ducts, i, 219. — endocrinopathic chart of, ii, 948. — enlargement of, classification of, Murray's, i, 316. — excision of, experimental myxedema produced by, i, 61. fatal in dogs, i, 60, 61. — followed by cachexia strumipriva or cachexia thyreopriva (1883), i, 61. for goiter, first case of, Theodor Kocher (1878), i, 60. operative myxedema produced by, i, 60. relation of tetany to parathyroi- dectomy and, i, 64. — extirpation experiments upon ani- mals, i, 224. amphibia, i, 230. Bassinger (1916), on rabbits, i, 229 Carlson and Woelfel, i, 228. Cooper, Astley, on pups, i, 225. Edmunds, i, 230. -Hegar and Simon (1857), from cat, i, 225. Horsley on monkeys, i, 226. Munk on monkeys, i, 226, 227. Paton, Noel, i, 227, 228. - Kapp, V., from dogs, i, 225. Kaynard on dogs, i, 224. Schiff, Moritz (1856-1858), on, va- rious animals, i, 225. Simpson, Sutherland, i, 228, 229, 230. various observers, i, 226. Thyroid gland, extirpation experiments on animals, Vincent and Jolly, i, 227, - Wagner and others, i, 226. — failure to produce experimentally hypofunction of gland, as against success in experimental production of its hyperfunction, i, 300. — function of, i, 240. — earlier theories as to, i, 223, 224. — growth of, i, 212. — halogens in, bearing of the general biochemistry of, 011 their presence in gland, i, 246. - iodin, compounds of and internal secretion, evidence connecting, i, 259. — forms of combination in gland, i, 252. - Hunter's and Kendall's method of detection, i, 246. — normal content of, i, 248. — percentage of, i, 246, 247. — relationship between content of thyroid activity, i, 262. — hematopoietic symptoms associated with disease of, blood, i, 350. — hemorrhages, i, 352. — lymphatic glands, i, 352. — spleen, i, 352. -thymus, i, 352. — hemorrhages of, i, 293. — into the alveoli, causing cysts, i, 294. — hyperplasia of, classification of, i, 273. — definition of, i, 273. — primary, developmental stage, i, 274. — exhaustion atrophy, i, 276. — involuntary stage, i, 275. — regeneration, and as identical terms, i, 278. — secondary, developmental stage, i, 277. — exhaustion atrophy, i, 278. — involutionary or recovery stage, i, 278. — hypertrophies and hyperplasias of, i, 272. — scheme showing physiological and sequential relation of these changes, i, 273. — in cretinic degeneration, pathology of, i, 458. atrophic lesions, i, 461. — pathogenesis of goiter, i, 458. — symptomatology of, goiter, i, 465. — inflammations of, i, 285. infectious theory of goiter, i, 285. 863 GENERAL INDEX Thyroid gland, inflammations of, thy- roiditis, acute, i, 286. -simple, i, 286. — suppurative, i, 286. — syphilitic, i, 286. — tuberculous, i, 286. — influence of, on glycogenesis, glyco- genolysis and glucolysis, iii, 260. — on metabolism, i, 237. — on stature, i, 26. — internal secretion of, i, 231. channels for excretion of, i, 259. — experimental feeding i, 233, 234, 235. -iodin, i, 232. — iodin compounds, evidence con- necting, i, 259. — iodothyrin, evidence for and against its being the internal secre- tion of gland, i, 260. — iodothyroglobulin, connection be- tween, i, 261. — nature and physiological action of, i, 232. tests of, i, 259. acetonitril test of Reid Hunt, i, 260. — metabolic method, i, 260. three definite functions of, defi- nite action upon mobilization of car- bohydrates, and retarding action upon the combustion of sugar in the blood, with resulting hyperglycemia, i, 476. — forming basis for three most recent and valuable tests for thyroid disorders, i, 475. — specific stimulating action, upon metabolic processes in the body, causing increased or decreased me- tabolism, i, 476. ' upon sympathetic portion of autonomic system, rendering latter hypersensitive to action of epineph- rin, i, 475. thyroxin, i, 232. connection between, i, 261. toxic effects of, i, 236. — interrelation of hypophysis and, i, 194. — iodin compounds in, iodothyroglobu- lin, i, 253, 261. . "thyreoantitoxin," S. Frankl's, i, 253. • "thyroidin" (iodothyrin), Bau- mann's, i, 253, 260. "thyroprotein," Notkin's, i, 253. thyroxin, i, 254, 261. Thyroid gland, iodin content of, i, 248. — changes induced by fall in, below normal minimum, i, 273. — distribution of, i, 252. — factors in, age, i, 250. — diet, i, 251. — seasonal, i, 250. — in, sex, i, 250. relationship between thyroid ac- tivity and, i, 262. - table of, i, 249. — iodin in, forms of combination of, i, 252. — Hunter's and Kendall's method of detection of, i, 246. - percentage of, i, 246, 247. — r in cretinic degeneration, i, 471. — in hypothyroidism, atrophic changes, i, 387. — histo-pathological changes, i, 388. — hyperplastic processes, i, 387. — senescence, i, 23. — in treatment of dystrophia adiposo- genitalis, i, 911. — microscopical appearance of, normal, i, 271. — morphology of, i, 205. colloid, i, 214. — cells in colloid, i, 216. — colloid resorption, i, 215. — iodin content of colloid, i, 215. — nervous mechanism of, i, 231. • — neuromuscular symptoms associated with disease of, cerebral, i, 346. — motor symptoms, i, 348. — sensory, i, 347. — special senses, i, 348. — normal, anatomy of, i, 270. — compounds present in, i, 245. — definition of, i, 270. elementary composition of, i, 243. halogens in, and bearing of bi- ochemistry of, on their presence in gland, i, 246. iodin combinations, in, i, 252. iodin content, i, 248. microscopical appearance of, i, 271. percentage of iodin in, i,' 246, 247. — overfunction of, chart of, ii, 948. — parathyroid, difference between manifestations of, i, 512. investigations on, i, 519. resume of, i, 554. — pathological, chemistry of, i, 263. — pathological anatomy and histology of, atrophies, i, 282. GENERAL INDEX 869 Thyroid gland, pathological anatomy and histology of, colloid glands (goi- ters), i, 279. complications, cysts, i, 293. — hemorrhage, i, 293. consideration of normal thyroid. i, 270. degenerations, i, 284. 1 developmental defects and anoma- lies, i, 294. hypertrophies and hyperplasias, i, 272. — inflammations, i, 285. — introduction to, i, 268. — outline of, i, 267. — regeneration (compensatory hy- perplasia), i, 278. — tumors, adenoma, i, 286. — carcinoma, i, 291. — physiology and experimental pathol- , ogy of, earlier theories as to function, i, 223. — extirpation experiments upon ani- mals, i, 224. — introduction to, i, 223. • — reaction to experimental conditions, i, 220. — diet, i, 220. — gland feeding, i, 220. — hygiene, i, 221. — inanition, i, 221. — temperature, i, 220. — regeneration of, histological charac- teristics of, i, 279. — hyperplasia, terminology of, i, 278. — relation between disturbances of bone metabolism and, iv, 766. — relation of, to cretinic degeneration, i, 449. to growth and development, i, 182. — in amphibia, i, 184. — in mammals, i, 183. iodin, i, 187. — to insanity, i, 411. to iodin metabolism, suggested by discovery of iodothyrin in body, i, 63. to metabolism, basal, i, 476. — carbohydrate, i, 491. to parathyroids, i, 239, 506. to sexual functions, i, 239. — relationship of, endocrin, ii, 919. with gonads, ii, 923. — with hypophysis, ii, 921, 927. - with pancreas, ii, 926. with parathyroids, ii, 926. — ' — with suprarenal glands, ii, 920. Thyroid gland, relationship of, with thymus, ii, 924. — resemblance of, to lung, i, 269. — role of, in edema, iv, 167. — sarcomas of, i, 292. — symptoms and signs referable to, in hypothyroidism, i, 402. — tests for disorders of, acetonitrile test of Reid Hunt, for hyperthyroid- ism, i, 496. — Claude, Baudouin and Porak's test for hyperthyroidism, i, 497. — epinephrin hypersensitiveness test (Goetsch) for hyperthyroidism, i, 475, 477. — epinephrin mydriasis test of Loewi for hyperthyroidism, i, 498. — functions of thyroid secretion forming basis for, i, 475, 476. - hyperglycemia test. See Hyper- glycemia test. — introduction to, i, 475. — Marinesco-Roseo complement de- viation test for hyperthyroidism, i, 497. — metabolic rate test. See Metabolic rate test. — older tests, of historical interest, little used, but of confirmatory value, i, 476. — specific ferment test of Abder- halden, in diagnosis of hyperthyroid- ism, i, 495. — therapeutic test with iodine and thyroid extract for hyperthyroidism, i, 498. — tumors of, adenoma (benign tu- mors), i, 286. — carcinoma, i, 291. — underfunction of, chart of, i, 948. — variations in, i, 206. Thyroid gland substance,- effect of, on metabolism, iii, 782. Thyroid hormone, effect of, i, 18. Thyroidism, chemical nature of, i, 253. — evidence for and against its being the internal secretion of the thyroid, i, 260. — isolation of, i, 253. Thyroidism, experimental, Cunning- ham's observations on, i, 235. Thyroiditis, acute, i, 286. — chronic i, 286. — simple, i, 286. — suppurative, i, 286. — tuberculosis, i, 286. Thyroid preparations, absorption and fate of, i, 85, 870 GENERAL INDEX Thyroid preparations, in cretinism, changes wrought by, in atrophied thyroid gland, i, 88, 89. — mental, i, 89. — physical, i, 88. — dosage, i, 90, 91. — in exophthalmic goiter, i, 94. — in goiter, i, 93. — dosage, i, 94. - in hypothyroidism (myxredeme fruste), i, 92. — dosage, i, 93. effects of, i, 93. — in myxedema, i, 87. — changes wrought by, i, 87. dosage, i, 90, 91. — i — effect of, on atrophied thyroid gland, i, 89. — in obesity, i, 96. — pharmachodynamic actions of, i, 86. — therapeutic employment of, i, 87. Thyroids, accessory, i, 40. Thyroid - sympathetic relationship, clinical significance of, i, 171. Thyroid therapy, empiric and sympto- matic, i, 98. — in alopecia, i, 105. — in affections of the skin, i, 104. — in asthma, i, 102. — in blood dyscrasias, i, 105. in constipation, i, 102. — in deafness, i, 102. in dementia precox, i, 101. — in eczema, i, 105. in enuresis, i, 102. in epilepsy, i, 101. in epistaxis, i, 105. in hemophilia, i, 105. in ichthyosis, i, 105. in infectious diseases, i, 103. in mental diseases, i, 100. in purpura, i, 105. in scleroderma, i, 105. in syphilis, i, 103. in tetany, i, 100. of diseases of the bones (rickets), i, 99. • of nephritis, i, 104. of rheumatism (articular and muscular), i, 99. psoriasis, i, 104. — for edema, 193. centra-indications to, iv, 193. indications for, iv, 193. Thyroid tissue, implantation of, in cre- tinism and myxedema, i, 91. Thyroid transplantation, experiments in, i, 238. Thyroid transplantation, in hypothy- roidism, i, 433. Thyroprotein, i, 253. Thyrotoxicosis, i, 358. — distinguished from hypothyroidism, i, 380. Thyroxin, absorption and fate of, in in- travenous injections, i, 85. — action of, i, 232. — analysis of, i, 232. — analyzed and prepared, Kendall, i, 84. — changing of, from one form to an- other, i, 258. — chemical properties of, i, 257. — connection of, with internal secre- tion of gland, i, 261. — discovery of, i, 84. — forms of, i, 256. — amino-hydrate, i, 258. changes to open ring form, i, 256. — forms of, changing from one to an- other, i, 258. — enol form, i, 258. — keto form, i, 256, 257. — open ring, i, 256, 258. — hydrolysis of, i, 255. -Kendall's method, i, 256. — isolation of, by Kendall, i, 254. — nature and function of, i, 232. — pharmacodynamic actions of, i, 86. — propionic acid in, i, 256. — qualitative test for, i, 258. — represented by formula, i, 257. — susceptibility of, to reduction rather than to oxidation, i, 258. — synthesis of, i, 259. — terminology of, i, 6. — therapeutic action of, i, 85. — use of, in therapy, i, 943. Timme's multiglandular syndrome, ii, 409. • Tissue, term first employed by de Bor- deu, i, 46. Tissue fluid, iii, 788. Tissue retention theory of gout, iv, 442. Tissues, action on, of light energy, iii, 891.^ — brain, iii, 467. — connective, iii, 466. — creatin content of, iii, 172. — effect on, of roentgen rays and radio- active substances, iii, 874. — fate in, of amino-acids, iii, 105. — fat in, changes in, iii, 206. storing of, iii, 205. — liver. See Liver, iii. GENEKAL INDEX 871 Tissues, muscles. See Muscles. — subcutaneous, in edema, iv, 156. — uric acid in, in gout, iv, 435. — uric acid in organs and, iv, 426. Tongue dimple sign of tetany of F. Schultze, i, 599. Tonic spasms, of tetany. See Tetany. — other than of tetany, differentiated from, i, 676. Tonus theory of Addison's disease, ii, 286. Torticollis, in tetany, i, 592. Total metabolism, effect on, of acids and alkalies, iii, 736. of alcohol, iii, 764. of antipyretics, iii, 767. of arsenic, iii, 754. of atropin, pilocarpin, etc., iii, 774. — of carbon monoxid, iii, 742. — of epinephrin, iii, 780. — of mercury, iii, 756. — of narcotics, iii, 760. of opiates, iii, 765. of phlorizin, iii, 760. of phosphorus, iii, 748. — of pituitary substances, iii, 784. of purins, iii, 779. — of thyroid substances, iii, 783. — of uranium, iii, 758. — in typhoid fever, iv, 98. Toxemia, hepatic, table, iv, 853. • — intravenous injection of fluids in, iii, 794. — blood transfusion in, iii, 833. — of pregnancy, urine in, further studies of, iv, 843. Toxic constitutional reaction following exposure to x-rays, iii, 888. Toxic effects of epinephrin, ii, 251. Toxic fevers, metabolism in, iv, 143. Toxicosis, nephritic. See Nephritic toxicosis. Toxic theory of exophthalmic goiter, i, 309. Toxin, diphtheria, iii, 669. Toxins, in infantile diarrhea, theory of, iv, 796. — response to suprarenals to, ii, 119. Tolerance, carbohydrate, iii, 254. glucolysis and, iii, 256. glycogenesis and, iii, 255. Tonsils, enlarged and diseased, role of, in uveal affections, ii, 797. — hyperplasia of, in status thymico- lymphaticus, ii, 405. Transfusion, and perfusion experi- ments, in tetany, i, 540. Transfusion, in blood diseases, influ- ence of, on metabolism, iv, 594. - influence of, on metabolism, in blood diseases, iv, 594. — of blood. See Blood transfusion. Transplantation of suprarenals, in Ad- dison's disease, ii, 305. Transudates. See Edema, fluids of. Trauma, and acromegaly, i, 808. — as cause of diabetes insipidus, iv, 865. — as factor in hypothyroidism, i, 386. — causing dystrophia adiposogenitalis, i, 905. — infantilism due to, ii, 887. Traumatic shock, acidosis in, iv, 256. — characteristic picture of, iv, 253. — chemical blood changes in, iv, 258. — definition of, iv, 253. — metabolism in, basal, iv, 257. — occurrence of, iv, 253. — pathological physiology of, iv, 254. — sequence of events in, iv, 259. — summary of, iv, 259. — theories of, iv, 254. — treatment of, iv, 260. • — types of, primary and secondary, iv, 253. Tremor, in exophthalmic goiter, i, 348. — in Graves' disease, i, 349. Trichinosis, ocular symptoms of, ii, 776. Triketohydrinden hydrate reaction of proteins, iii, 98. Trimethylamin, and nephritic toxico- sis, iv, 395. Trioses, iii, 242. Trismus, in tetany, i, 592. Trophic changes, in thyroid disease, i, 353. Trophic disturbances, producing amen- orrhea, ii, 595. Trousseau's phenomenon, i, 53, 596. . — historical notes on, i, 581. — in diagnosis, i, 674. — procedure, i, 596. -pseudo Trousseau phenomenon, in hysteria, i, 597. Tryptophan, iii, 91, 115. Tryptophan decomposition by bacteria, iii, 682. Tubercular infections of ovaries, ii, 603. Tuberculosis, as a cause of exophthal- mic goiter, i, 308. — blood constituents in, iv, 138. 872 GENERAL INDEX Tuberculosis, character of foodstuffs oxidized in, iv, 134. — differentiated from hyperthyroidism, epinephrin hypersensitiveness test (Goetsch), of value in, i, 482. — disturbances in mineral metabolism .in, iii, 336. — effect of food in, iv, 135. — metabolism in, iv, 131. blood constituents, iv, 138. character of foodstuffs oxidized, iv, 134. effect of good, iv, 135. table of McCann and Barr, iv, 132. — temperature regulation, iv, 136. -total, iv, 132. • — ocular hemorrhages attributed to, ii, 793. — ocular symptoms due to, ii, 780. — of hypophysis cerebri, i, 786. — of intestines, metabolism in, iv, 639. — of suprarenals, in Addison's disease, ii, 268; ii, 280. — of the thymus, ii, 386. — orchitis, chronic, in, ii, 485. — parathyroid involvement in. i, 564. — pulmonary, differentiated from ex- ophthalmic goiter, i, 360. — sputum in, chemistry of, iv, 134. — temperature regulation in, iv, 136. Tuberculous meningitis, differentiated from tetany, i, 676. Tuberculous thyroiditis, i, 286. Tumors, parathyroid, cysts, i, 572. — metastatic, i, 573. primary neoplasms, i, 570. table of, i, 571. — of hypophysis cerebri. See Hy- pophysis cerebri, tumors of, i. — of the pancreas, malignant. See Pancreas, malignant tumors of. — of the suprarenals. See Suprarenals, tumors of. — of the testicle. See Testicle, tumors of. — pineal. See Pineal glands, tumors of. — pituitary, pituitary (whole) therapy in, i, 122. — thyroid gland. See Thyroid gland, tumors. — effect of food in, iv, 116. — absorption of, iv, 117, 118. — specific dynamic action, iv, 118. — metabolism in, iv, 96. body weight, iv, 119. Tumors, metabolism in, calorimetry, direct and indirect, iv, 100. carbohydrate, iv, 109. fat, iv, 109. nitrogen balance in, iv, 112. — protein, iv, 111. — regulation of body temperature, iv, 101. — respiratory quotient, iv, 106. — surface temperature, iv, 105. -total, iv, 98. — urinary constituents, iv, 120. — water, iv, 106. — nitrogen balance in, iv, 112. chart showing, iv, 115. — nitrogen equilibrium in, food re- quired to bring patients into, iv, 116. — orchitis in, ii, 484. — table of averages in, iv, 98. Tyramin, iii, 686. — change of, iii, 688. — effect of, on metabolism, iii, 773. Tyrosin, iii, 90, 113. — change of, iii, 685. — decomposition of, by bacteria, iii, 681. — in the brain, iii, 471. — in urine, conditions causing, iv, 476. — in cystinuria, iv, 527. — transformation of, to homogentisic acid, in urine of alkaptonurics, iv, 507. Ulceration of '.intestines, metabolism in, iv, 630. Ulcers, bleeding duodenal, epinephrin applications for, i, 136. — indolent, tethelin in treatment of, i, 744. ITncinariasis, metabolism in, iv, 636. Undernutrition, iii, 414. — breaking fast, iv, 25. — carbohydrate metabolism in, iv, 10. — cause of death in starvation, iv, 25. — causes of, iv, 3. — condition of, iv, 3. — creatinuria accompanying, iii, 177. — effects of, on physiology, blood pres- sure, iv, 20. excretory system, iv, 21. kidneys, iv, 21. mental balance and disposition, iv, 22. mental t capacity, iv, 22. nervous system, iv, 21. of circulatory system, iv, 19. of digestive system, iv, 18, GENERAL INDEX 873 Undernutrition, effects of, of muscular system, iv, 17. — pulse rate in fasting man and in underfeeding, iv, 20. — reproductive system, iv, 23. — respiration, iv, 21. — energy metabolism in, body tempera- ture, iv, 7. tables, iv, 8. — heat production, iv, 8. — fat metabolism in, iv, 10. — metabolism in, body weight, iv, 16. — percentage loss in weight of various organs in starvation, iv, 18. — possible duration of fasting, iv, 24. — mineral metabolism in, iv, 15. — modified form of starvation, iv, 4. — problems of, iv, 3. — protein metabolism in, iv, 12. — starvation, with and without water, iv, 5. — therapeutic use of fasting and, iv, 26. — voluntary fasting, iv, 4. — water metabolism in, iv, 4. — storage of water, iv, 7. — water balance in fasting man, table, iv, 6. water starvation, iv, 5. — water starvation, iv, 5. — See also Fasting; and Starvation. Uniglandular disturbance, ii, 883. Uracil, iii, 137. — and cytosine, iii, 137. Uranium, effects of, on metabolism, iii, 757. — carbohydrate, iii, 757. — fat, iii, 758. mineral, iii, 757. — protein, iii, 757. - total, iii, 758. — water, iii, 757. Uranium nephritis, alkaline treatment in, iii, 735. Uraturia, and acid sodium urate, iv, 465, 466. — definition of, iv, 465. Urea, as a hepatic internal secretion, ii, 683. — as causative agent of uremia, iv, 389. — as principal end product of metabo- lism, iii, 675. — in blood, iii, 435. — conditions with significant urea nitrogen findings, iii, 436. — in nephritis, comparative value of uric acid, creatinin and, in blood, iv, 330. Urea, in urine, concentration of, iv, oul. — in sweat, iii, 513. Urea of blood, in nephritis, iv, 321. — of the urine, iii, 486, 487, 488. — origin of, iii, 675. Urea excretion, coefficient of, iv, 357. Ambard's, iv, 358. -Austin, Stillman and Van Slyke, iv, 360. — clinical value of, iv, 302. - McLean's, iv, 359. — method of determining, iv, 362. — reliability of, iv, 362. -laws of, and renal function, clinical value of coefficiency of urea excre- tion, iv, 362. — concentration of urea in urine, iv, 361. — effect of concentration of urea in blood on quantity of urea excreted by kidneys, iv, 360. — method of determining the coeffi- cient of urea excretion, iv, 362. — relation of water elimination to urea excretion, iv, 361. — reliability of coefficients of urea excretion, iv, 362. — relation to, of water elimination, iv, 361. - tests for, iv, 366. Urea formation in liver, iii, 464. — in protein metabolism, iii, 105. Urea nitrogen, in blood, in pregnancy, changes of, iv, 854. — in nephritis, chronic, table of, iii, 439. Ureids, iv, 412. Uremia, as described by Cohnheim, Julius, in 1882, iv, 384. — causative agents of, possible, acido- sis, iv, 391. — creatin, iv, 390. — creatinin, iv, 390. — disturbed water metabolism, iv, 393. — indicanemia, iv, 391. — potassium, iv, 391. — protein destruction, iv, 393. — sodium chlorid, iv, 39\. — urea, iv, 389. — uric a^id, iv, 391. — conditions hitherto often erroneously classified as, iv, 387. — definition of, iv, 382. — division of, into groups, iv, 387. — conditions hitherto often errone- ously classified as uremia, iv, 387. 874 GENEKAL INDEX Uremia, division of, symptom-complex depending upon renal insufficiency (retention uremia), iv, 388. — introduction to, iv, 382. — more recent aspects of, iv, 387. — retention, iv, 388. — summary of, iv, 396. Ureter, response of, to epinephrin, ii, 239. Urethan, effect of, on metabolism, iii, 764. Urethra, response of, to epinephrin, ii, 239 Uric acid, iii, 137, 138, 139. — and gout, iv, 411. — and purin bodies, iv, 412. — as causative agent of uremia, iv, 391. acids affecting, iii, 438. — decomposition products of, iv, 414. — content of, in human blood, iii, 437. — effect on output of, of purin-con- taining food, iv, 423. — elimination of, acids affecting, iii, 438. — in leukemia, iv, 581. — fate of, in man and in animals, iii, 497. — formation of, from nucleic acid, iii, 150; iv, 419. — from oxypurins, iii, 151. — formula for, iv, 413. — increased elimination of, iii, 498. — in gout, iii, 438. — in joint exudates, in gout, iv, 434. — in leucemia, iii, 437. — in muscle tissue, iii, 461. — in nephritis, iii, 437. chronic, table of, iii, 439. comparative value of urea, crea- tinin and, in blood, iv, 330. — in sweat, iii, 513. — in the blood, in gout, iv, 428. in health, iv, 425. — in the organs, iv, 426. — in the tissues, iv, 426. — in gout, iv, 435. — of urine, iii, 495. formation of, iii, 495. — physiological destruction of, iii, 153. — precursors of, iii, 497. — relation of, to alantoin, iv, 414. — to purin bodies, iv, 413. — source of, in the urine, iv, 422. — r synthesis of, iv, 414. — synthesis of nucleic acid and, iv, 421. Uric acid calculi, iv, 465. — dietetic and medicinal treatment of, iv, 468. Uric acid (combined) theory of gout, iv, 442. Uric acid eliminants, iii, 498. Uric acid excretion, effect on, of ar- senic and antimony, iii, 754. Uric acid nitrogen in blood, in preg- nancy, increase in, iv, 857. Uricase, distribution of, iii, 155. Uricolysis, iii, 496. Urinary calculi, beginning of, iv, 457. — constituents of, iv, 457. — cystin, metabolic study of, iv, 468. — dietetic and medicinal treatment of, cystin calculi, iv, 472. — oxalate calculi, iv, 470. — phosphate calculi, iv, 468. — uric acid calculi, iv, 468. — xanthin calculi, iv, 472. — metabolic studies of, calcium me- tabolism, iv, 459. — cystin calculi, iv, 468. — magnesium metabolism, iv, 460. — oxaluria and oxalate calculi, iv, 462. — phosphaturia and phosphate stones, iv, 458. — phosphorus metabolism, iv, 458. — uraturia and uric acid calculi, iv, 465. — xanthin calculi, iv, 467. — oxalate, metabolic study of, iv, 462. — phosphate, metabolic studies of, iv, 458. — uric acid, metabolic study of, iv, 465. — xanthin metabolic study of, iv, 467. Urinary changes, in phosphaturia, iv, 460. Urinary constituents, and exophthalmic goiter, i, 335. — in typhoid fever, iv, 120. Urinary elimination of iron, iii, 329. Urinary manifestations, of autonomic origin, albuminuria, i, 335. — polyuria, i, 335. Urinary nitrogen, calculation of heat production from the respiratory ex- change and, iii, 563. Urine, iii, 481. — acetone bodies in, determination of, iv, 84. — alkalinization of, iii, 849. GENERAL INDEX 875 Urine, amino acid nitrogen in, amount found by various investigators, table iv, 475. — amino acids in, increased amount of, in pathological conditions, or amino- aciduria, iv, 475. — amino-acids of, iii, 490. — ammonia of, iii, 489. — amount of nitrogen excreted in. iii. 405. — analysis of, in erysipelas, iv, 139. — aromatic oxyacids and derivatives, iii, 499. - Bence- Jones protein in, iv, 486. — black, in alkaptopuria, iv, 501. — calcium in, iii, 316, 503. — Cammidge reaction in, iv, 305. — chlorids of, iii, 500. — composition of, influence of food on, iii, 64. — constituents of, in relation to dis- eases of respiration and circulation, iv, 549. — creatin of, iii, 493. — and arginin, as source of, iii, 494. excretion of, iii, 493, 494. — creatin metabolism in, iii, 176. — creatinin of, iii, 490. elimination of, iii, 490. origin of, in creatin of the mus- cle, iii, 492, 493, 494. — creatinin metabolism in, iii, 177. — cystin in, detection and separation of, iv, 522. other nitrogenous substances pres- ent together with, iv, 525. — diabetic, heptose in, iv, 304. sugars other than glucose in, iv, 267. — endogenous and exogenous origin of different waste products, iii, 486. — fructose in, concentration of, iv, 298. — glucose in, iv, 264. — glycuronic acid in, iv, 405. Cammidge reaction, iv, 305. — heptose in, iv, 304. — hippuric acid of, iii, 498. — in Addison's disease, ii, 297. — in alkaptanuria. See Alkaptonuria, urine of. — in gout, iv, 436. — in infantile diarrhea, iv, 793. — in liver necrosis, experimental, iv, 842. — in toxemia of pregnancy, further studies of, iv, 843. — inorganic constituents of, iii, 500. Urine, inorganic constituents of, cal- cium, iii, 503. — chlorids, iii, 500. — iron, iii, 503. — magnesium, iii, 508. — phosphates, iii, 501. — potassium of, iii, 502. — sodium, iii, 502. — sulphates, iii, 502. — iron of, iii, 503. -leucin in, in cystinuria, iv, 527. — magnesium of, iii, 503. — maltose in, iv, 303. — mechanism of kidney secretion, iii, 48.2. • — nitrogen and sulphur distribution in, in infantilism, iv, 814. -tables, iv, 815, 816. — nitrogen in feces and, in infantil- ism, iv, 817, 819. — nitrogen of, iii, 485. — amino-acids, iii, 490. — ammonia, iii, 489. — components of, iii, 486. — creatin, iii, 493. — creatinin, iii, 490. — distribution of, iii, 486. -urea, iii, 486, 487, 488. — uric acid, iii, 495. — nitrogenous constituents of, effect of anemia on partition of, iv, 583. — non-volatile products of metabolism in, iv, 549. — organic constituents of, amino-acids, iii, 490. — aromatic oxacids and derivatives, iii, 499. — ammonia, iii, 489. — creatin, iii, 493. — creatinin, iii, 490. — hippuric acid, iii, 498. — nitrogen, iii, 485. oxalic acid, iii, 499. — purin bases, iii, 498. — sugar, iii, 499. -urea, iii, 486, 487, 488. uric acid, iii, 495. — oxalic acid in, iv, 463. — oxalic acid of, iii, 499. — pancreatic ferments in, testing for presence of, iv, 664. — phosphates of, iii, 501. — physical properties of, color, iii, 483. — odor, iii, 483. reaction and acidity, iii, 483. specific gravity, iii, 483. — titra table acidity, and true acid- ity, iii, 484. 876 GEKEKAL INDEX Urine, physical properties of, transpa- rency of, iii, 485. volume, iii, 482. — potassium of, iii, 502. — proteoses in, iv, 483. — purin bases of, iii, 498. — reducing substances of, iv, 264. total, iv, 264. — sodium of, iii, 502. — -sugar of, iii, 499. — sulphates of, iii, 502. — tyrosin in, in cystinuria, iv, 527. — urea in, concentration of, iv, 361. — urea of, iii, 486, 487, 488, — uric acid in, source of, iv, 422. — uric acid of, iv, 495. fate of, in man and in animals, iii, 497. — formation of, iii, 495. t increased elimination of, iii, 498. precursors of, iii, 497. — urobilin in, 165. — clinical significance of increased amount of, iii, 167, 168. determination of, iii, 167. diagnostic value of, iii, 169. — urobilinogen or urobilin in, in preg- nancy, iv, 858. — xan thin in, iv, 467. Urinod, as cause of nephritic toxicosis, iv, 396. Urobilin, amount of, in urine, estima- tions of, iv, 562. — chemistry of, iii, 163. — clinical significance of, in urine, in- creased amount, iii, 167, 168. — derivation of, iii, 169. — description of, by Jaffe, iii, 163. — determination of, iii, 165. — diagnostic value of, iii, 168. — formation of, mechanism of, iii, 165. — in duodenal contents, clinical signifi- cance of, iii, 168. determination of, iii, 167. — in pernicious anemia, iii, 168. — in stools, iii, 165. clinical significance of increased amount of, iii, 167, 168. determination of, iii, 167. diagnostic value of, iii, 169. — in the bile, 165. clinical significance of increased amount of, iii, 168. determination of, iii, 168. diagnostic value of, iii, 169. — in urine, iii, 165. clinical significance of increased amount of, iii, 167, 168. Urobilin in urine, determination of, iii, 167. diagnostic value of, iii, f 69. in pregnancy, iv, 858. — mechanism of formation of, iii, 165. — obtained from urobilinogen, iii, 164. — occurrence of, iii, 164. in bile, iii, 165. in blood, iii, 165. in serum, iii, 165. in stools, iii, 165. — in urine, iii, 165. — origin of, iv, 561. — Schmidt test with, iii, 164. Urobilinogen, chemistry of, iii, 163. — description of, iii, 164. — empirical formula of, iii, 163. — in urine, in pregnancy, iv, 858. — structural formula of, iii, 163. — synthesization of, Fischer, H., iii, 164. — treated with para-dimethylamino- benzaldehyd, iii, 164. — urobilin obtained from, iii, 164. — See also Urobilin. Urobilinuria, iii, 167. Urogenital symptoms, of autonomic origin, i, 334. Uroleucic acid, in urine of alkaptonu- rics, iv, 503. Urorosein, mother substances of, iii, 684. Urticaria, associated with diet, iii, 698. — with digestive disturbances, iv, 697. — with miscellaneous causes, iv, 705. — due to protein poisoning, iv, 158. — in Graves' disease, i, 331. — vasoconstricting action of epineph- rin in, i, 138. Uterine changes of pregnancy, placenta as a factor in, ii, 656. Uterine degeneration, prevention of, by ovarian transplantation, ii, 555. Uterine fibroids, mammary gland ther- apy in, i, 148. Uterine hemorrhages, disturbances of gonadal rhythm producing, ii, 477. — functional secondary nature of en- dometrial change in, ii, 635. treatment of, ii, 636. — "idiopathic" or essential, ii, 634. Uterine hormones, and mammary ac- tivity, ii, 645. Uterine hypoplasia, cause of, ii, 633. — importance of, in primary dysmenor- rhea, ii, 632. GENEKAL IffDEX 877 Uterine pregnancy, defective, changes in ovaries incident to, ii, 607. Uterus, action of epinephrin on, phar- macodynamic, i, 126. — effect on, of hypophyseal feeding of posterior lobe, i, 756. — milk secretion and, ii, 645. — schematic outline of coordinated changes in smear of, during oestrous cycle of the rat, ii, 583. Uveitis, clinical symptoms of, ii, 797. — etiology of, ii, 795. — therapeutic implications of, ii, 796. Vaccinations, hypoadrenia following, ii, 321. Vaccinia, orchitis in, ii, 485. Vaginal smear, schematic outline of co- ordinated changes in during oestrous cycle of the rat, ii, 583. Vagotonia, definition and physiology of, i, 164. — manifestations of, i, 165. — ocular, ii, 783. — variability of symptomatology as clinically seen, i, 166. Vagotonic headache and migraine, ii, 784. Valin, iii, 85. - fate of, iii, 109. Valves, for measuring respiratory ex- change, iii, 533. Van Helmont (1577-1744), on metabo- lism and carbonic acid gas, iii, 8. Van't Hoff's law and basal metabolism in fever, iv, 121. Van't Hoff's law of heat production as affected by external temperature, in cold-blooded animals, iii, 601. Variola, orchitis in, ii, 484. Vascular phenomena, of goiter, i, 317. Vascular system, relation to, of supra- renals, i, 169. Vasectomy, effects of, differentiated fromjthose of castration, ii, 443. on^testis and sex characters, ii, 442. Vasoconstricting action of epinephrin. See Epinephrin. Vasodilatin, ii, 742. • — and secretin, ii, 745. Vasodilatation, due to epinephrin. See Epinephrin, vasodilator effects of. Vasomotor ataxia, history of, i, 74. Vasomotor phenomena, of autonomic origin, i, 329. Vasomotor symptoms of menopause, ii, 619. Vasomotor tone, increased, and arterial hypertension in nephritis, iv, 403. Vegetables, feeding of, to young ba- bies, ii, 319. Vegetarianism, iii, 399. — basal metabolism in, iii, 400. — disadvantages of, iii, 400. Vegetative nervous system, changes in, as cause of exophthalmic goiter, i' 313. Venous blood, observations on, iv, 547. Venous pressure, effect of epinephrin on, ii, 228: Vigoroux's sign, i, 329. Vinci, Leonardo Da, on nourishment, iii, 6. Virilismus, chief causative factor of ii 358. — definition of, ii, 353. — differentiated from pubertas precox, ii, 345. — disturbances of endocrine glands other than suprarenals and gonads in, ii, 359. — hypernephromata occurring in, in post-adolescent group, ii, 356. — in pre-adolescent group, ii, 355. • — manifestations of, variations in, ii, 359. • — post-adolescent, manifestations of, ii, 355. — case reported, ii, 356. — pre-adolescent group, manifestations of, ii, 353. — case reported, ii, 353. — symptoms of, in common with hir- sutismus, ii, 358. Vision, failing, with dyspituitarism, ii, 793. Visual disturbances, in dystrophia adi- posogenitalis, i, 866. Visual organ, vitamines and, ii, 800. — keratoconus, ii, 802. — visual disturbances ii, 801. — xerophthalmia and keratomalacia, ii, 801. — xerosis, ii, 802. Vitamines, and the visual organ, ii, 800. keratoconus, ii, 802. — visual disturbances, ii, 801. — xerophthalmia and keratomalacia, ii, 801. — xerosis, ii, 802. — antineuritic (water-soluble B), iii, 342. distribution of, in food, iii, 346. — antiscorbutic (C Factor), iii, 345. sources of, iii, 346. 878 GENEEAL INDEX Vitamines, chemical nature and physi- cal properties of, iii, 342. antineuritic vitamin (water-solu- ble B), iii, 342. antiscorbutic (C Factor), iii, 345. fat-soluble vitamin (fat-soluble A), iii, 345. — discovery of, iii, 341. — distribution of, in food, iii, 346. — fat-soluble (fat-soluble A), iii, 345. distribution of, in food, iii, 346. — importance given to, iv, 242. • — in tetany, i, 644. — in treatment of beriberi, iv, 894. — metabolic disturbances in infancy and early childhood due to deficiency of, iv, 806. — metabolism of, iii, 341. digestion and absorption, iii, 347. • end, iii, 350. • intermediary, and physiological action, iii, 347. special features of, iii, 351. — relation of, to bone metabolism, iv, 769. — role of, in dietetic treatments of certain digestive diseases, iv, 610. — table of, iii, 352-355. • — therapeutic use of, iv, 242. Voit, Carl, on metabolism, iii, 5, 65. Vomiting, antispastic action of epi- nephrin in, i, 139. — metabolism in, iv, 614. — nausea of pregnancy, ovarian ther- apy in, i, 157. 1 — of autonomic origin, i, 332. • — of children, cyclic. See ' Cyclic vomiting of children. Von Graef s sign, i, 319. von Haller, Albrecht (1708-1777), on respiration, in history of metabolism, iii, 11. von Liebig, Justus (1803-1873), iii, 44. — caloric value of meat, iii, 49. — classes of foodstuffs according to, iii, 50. — isodynamic equivalents, iii, 49. • table of, iii, 50. • — Munich period of, iii, 53. — on alcohol, comments, iii, 49. — on energy production, iii, 47. — on formation of fat, iii, 49. — on formation of f eces and absorption of bile, iii, 49. on metabolism, difficulties of cal- culating, iii, 48. — on metabolism in fasting, iii, 46. — on metabolism of a horse, iii, 48. von Liebig, Justus,, on muscle power, criticism of Frankland's comparison of with steam engine, iii, 54. source of, iii, 53. — on oxidation of various foods, iii, 49. — on respiration, iii, 46. — on sugar, cleavage of, iii, 47. — oxygen requirement for combustion of foods, iii, 50. — plagiarism of ideas of, iii, 51, 52. — ultimate disposal of products of me- tabolism according to, iii, 51. — Voit's description of services of, iii, 46. War edema, iii, 415 ; iv, 158. War neuroses, attributed to hypo- adrenia, ii, 323. Water, and salts, subcutaneous feeding of, iii, 816. — as a dietary constituent, iii, 275. — drinking with meals, iii, 280. — influence of diminished water in- take on metabolism, iii, 279. influence of increased water in- gestion on metabolism, iii, 277. — on basal metabolism, iii, 279. — content of, in blood, iii, 311. — in body, iii, 311. in normal thyroid gland, i, 245. — deficiency of, effect of, on metabo- lism, iii, 717. — discovery of composition of, by Cavendish, iii, 15. - distilled, iii, 292. — drinking of, with meals, iii, 280, 283, 287, 288, 294. — effect of, on metabolism, iii, 717. — deficiency of, iii, 717. — mineral waters, iii, 718. — experiments of Lavoisier on nature of, iii, 19. — external use of, for therapeutic measures. See Hydrotherapy. — ice, iii, 293. — importance of, to human body, iii, 276. — influence of, on absorption, iii, 291. on blood pressure and blood vol- ume, iii, 291. on gastric digestion, iii, 281. on intestinal flora and putrefac- tion, iii, 291. on pancreatic digestion, iii, 289. on salivary digestion, iii, 281. — influence of diminished water intake on metabolism, iii, 279. — influence of increased ingestion of, on basal metabolism, iii, 279. GENERAL INDEX 879 Water, influence of. increased ingestion of, on metabolism, iii, 277. — passage of, from stomach, iii, 286. — percentage of, in organs, tissues and secretions of body, iii, 275. -regulation of intake of, in certain conditions, iii, 294. — requirement of body for, iii, 312. — stimulatory power of, iii, 281. Water balance, of fasting man, table, iv, 6. Water metabolism, disturbed, as cause of renal insufficiency, iv, 393. — effect on, of acids and alkalies, iii, 736. — of anesthetics, general, chloro- form and ether, iii, 763. — of antipyretics, iii, 770. — of arsenic, iii, 755. — of atropin, pilocarpin, etc., iii, 774. — of calcium, iii, 730. — oT epinephrin, iii, 781. — of mercury, iii, 756. — of opiates, iii, 767. — of pituitary substances, iii, 784. — of purins, iii, 778. — of sodium chlorid, iii, 720 — of uranium, iii, 757. — in typhoid fever, iv, 106. — in undernutrition, iv, 4. — of rectal feeding, iii, 812. — storage of water, iv, 7. Water retention, edema due to, iii, 311. — relation of salt to, iii, 311, 312. Water starvation, iv, 4. — critical level in order to avoid, iv, 5. — symptoms of, iv, 5. Water supply, relation of, to cretinic degeneration, i, 451, 469. Waters, mineral, iii, 845. — alkaline waters, including carbo- nated, iii, 848. — arsenic, iii, 851. — bitter waters, iii, 850. — carbonated, iii, 848. classification of, iii, 845. diuretic property of, iii, 847. iron, iii, 851. radio-active, iii, 852. saline waters, iii, 846. — sulphur, iii, 851. • Waxes, as simple lipoids, iii, 185. beeswax, iii, 185. cetin, iii, 185. wool wax (lanolin), iii, 185. Weight, relation of, to surface area, iii, 598. Weight curve, importance of, in hypo- thyroidism, i, 429. Weight of the body, in fasting man, iv, 16. — percentage loss in weight of vari- ous organs in starvation, iv, 18. -in typhoid fever, iv, 119. -percentage loss of, in starvation, iv, ^4. Wiesel, J., first description of chroma- phil system by (1904), i, 68. Willis (1621-1675), on respiration, in history of metabolism, iii, 11. Winds, effects of, iii, 902. Winking, ii, 767. Winterstein's apparatus for measuring respiratory exchange, iii, 530. Wool wax, iii, 185. Work, influence of, on food consump- tion, iii, 391. Worm tetany, i, 649. Wounds, of the testicles, ii, 482. X-ray, effects of, on testis, ii, 442. — in treatment of dystrophia adiposo- genitalis, i, 922. — in treatment of exophthalmic goiter, i, 371. Xanthin, and its derivatives in tetany, i, 634. — as toxic agent in intoxication theory of parathyroid tetany, i, 544. — chemical nature of, iv, 468. — formula for, iv, 413. — in muscle tissue, iii, 461. — in urine, iv, 467. Xanthin calculi, iv, 467. Xanthine oxidase, distribution of, iii, 156. Xanthoproteic reaction, iii, 98. Xanthoma, associated with miscellane- ous causes, iv, 705. Xerophthalmia, ii, 801. Xerosis, ii, 802. Xylose, iii, 241. Yeast cells, activity of, von Liebig's discussion of, iii, 54. Yeast nucleic acid, fundamental groups of, iii, 136. Zanthine, iii, 137, 138. Zinc, effect of, on metabolism, iii, 758. Zuntz, Nathan (1847-1920), work of, on metabolism, iii, 76. 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